davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14
DAVID LAWRENCE
Nations Stake in Steel Strike

bearance on wage increases
in order to help England's
own export market. Win
similar craftsmanship be ex-
hibited by American labor
unions?
Everybody in business Is
watching the steel industry
executives to see II they will
stand their ground and put
an end to the annual round
OF wage increases which
unions have demanded, no
matter what the economic
consequences. The impress
sion prevails that the steel
men are going to stand
firmly, for the very good
reason that they have no
choice-the danger Of a price
increase for steel that would
mean higher costs for autos
and other articles made OF
steel is widely recognized.
While desperate efforts
have been made this week
by union leaders to avoid
strike by seeking to postpone
for a year the settlement Of
the issue of working condi-
lions as embodied in existing
contracts, there is reason to
believe the union leaders have
all along thought manage
ment was bluffing. Unfor-
tunately, the Nation now may
have to pay a high price for
this Observation-Disclosures in
terruption in steel produc-
ton.
For this is not a strike
crisis brought on merely by
a difference Of opinion on a
wage scale. 1t goes to the
heart Of the struggle to ward
of inflationary prices that
come when organized greed is
not content with adequate or
even unprecedented wage
scales but must force the
management side to pay AL
that the traffic will bear"
This is but another way of
saying that the patience Of
the consumer must be ex-
hausted before there will be
an admission of error on the
part of those who are forcing
prices up through higher and
higher labor costs. To them,
the word efficiency" seems to
have become obsolete, and
collective bargaining has be-
come collective bludgeoning.
Copyright, 1880
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14
Regimes Goal Is 5000 More Schools
And 1000 Additional Teachers

schools, interrupted a staff
meeting and permitted me
to sit in and ask questions.
Cuba's immediate problem
is to build 5000 desperately
needed elementary schools
and 20 more secondary units.
At least 1000 new teachers
must be obtained.
Most of the new elemen-
tary schools will be built in
the rural areas. A major OBJ
jective Of the Castro revolu-
ton is to provide land and
education for the small far
mers who. historically have
been landless and illiterate.
Their bitterness at their own
plight and lack of opportu-
nifty for their children was
one of the main strengths
of the revolution.
DR.. Figueroa and his staff
said their second great prob
lem was reorganization Of
the curriculum and estab-
lishment of guidance and
testing methods.
Cuba is to move boldly and
begin their tests after the
third grade. They will then
direct those students who
show abilities in general
studies to continue. Others
will be moved slowly toward
vocational majors. There
will, of course, be transfers
of those who develop lean
ings toward general studies.
I gathered that testing and
guidance will be used rather
extensively so as to provide
acceleration of studies and
to avoid trying to teach the
same thing to all children,
whatever their aptitudes.
All this, of course, is
similar to the excitement
that has been stirring Amer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Russia sends two dogs into space Main thing
the first outer space will need is Of flea powder
Democratic Chairman Paul Butler reminds you of the
guy who claims his pals have because they haven't
pushed him off the cliff yet.
Progress at Geneva The Big Four considering
suggestion that nobody be allowed to make another suggestion
for three years.
Ikes got secret weapon in the steel wage dispute
threat mothbal the feet in plastic build
all aluminium Navy.
The Senate rackets committee quizzes Teamser Boss
Hofa again. It's hard to beat Hofa For every question:
he's got at least two answerS-and three lawyers.
Business genius: The fellow who produce item
that's cheap to resist too expensive to repa-and
fragile to last
Culture is on the march among the Democrats. Ever
since Adai Stevenson taught them to appreciate literature
they've been reading another out of the party
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14

Issues that affect the eco
nomic situation OF the whole
country are involved in the
controversy between the
unions and the steel industry.
The Nation faces q dilemma
that will hardly be solved
this time simply by an in
crease in wages. There is a
deeper question to be settled
whether the steel industry
can secure a revision Of exist
ing working agreements ne
gotiated in the past. The pur-
pose is to obtain greater eff
ficiency and pave the way for
more compensation to en-
ployes generally without the
necessity Of an increase a
prices to the public.
Faced by competition from
foreign countries VIII ere
wages are much lower. the
steel companies of America.
as we'll as many other con-
Germs in this country, are
finding that they are pricing
themselves out of world
markets. American exports
have been dropping, and
American capital has gone
abroad to build factories en-
ploying Europeans while en-
ployes in this country are
deprived Of jobs.
The whole thing adds up
to a crisis which has long
been foreseen as inevitable
but which the management
side has not been willing to
meet squarely in the arena
of negotiation. There has
been a series Of surrenders,
rather than a willingness to
incur the expense of big
strikes. Once an agreement
has been made under col
lective bargaining" it has
been considered as perma-
nent and never subject to
reopening.
The steel industry. how
ever, has been compelled this
time to reopen the existing
agreements and. if bargain
ing" means the give and
take of negotiations, then
the retention of old clauses
and provisions is as much
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14
Observation-Disclosures Advisory Role
Stirs Opposition to Recall From Manila

Ambassador Charles Boh-
len will not be returning to
Washington in the near
future-possibly not as long
as the present administra-
ton remains in offlce-ac-
cording to unimpeachable
sources.
Our envoy to the Philip
pines has a great public
reputation as the only diplo-
mat who speaks fluent Rus
sian and understands So
Wet leaders. This sentiment
is not shared, however, by
a number of Senators on
both sides of the aisle.
When a campaign began
several weeks ago in the
press to bring Chip" Bohlen
back from his exile" in
Manila and make full use Of
his knowledge Of the So
VETS, some eyebrows were
raised by the legislators who
opposed his appointment as
Ambassador to Moscow in
1858.
During the hearing in 1858
before the Foreisn Relations
Committee, Mr.. Bohlen said
he had been more of an ad-
wiser than an interpreter at
the Teheran, Yalta and Pots
dam conferences. He insisted
that these agreements would
have been all right if the
Russians had not violated
them. The Senators still had
a bitter taste from the con-
sequence of those unfortu-
nate agreements to the
United States and the free
world. The opposition to the
Moscow assignment in 1858
was not caused by any
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14
DORIS FLEEsON
Supreme Courts 5-4Decisions

not fundamental. There is
no question that judicial
tempers have sometimes risen
because of diSagreements.
Sometimes judicial frustra-
tions have resulted in extrav-
agant language in dissenting
opinions. Yet, despite great
pressure, including outright
vilification, the court has
stood firm and unanimous on
its segregation decisions.
Some observers profess to
see great changes in the out
look of the court, in view Of
present divisions, if there is
a change in one or two posi-
tions on the court. This is
possible to a degree. But no
matter what changes time
may bring in the courts per-
sonnet, there is no indication
that the courts continued
business will not be concerned
with protection Of the rights
Of the individual for a long
time to come.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14
Exception Sought
On School Heiqht

The District Commissioners
today have under advisement
a request by the Board of Edu-
cation to waive a height lin
itation so that an elementary
school may be built at Twelfth
and E streets Sc. in variance
with coming requirements.
A public hearing yesterday
brought no opposition to the
plan. About 20 parents from
the area attended the session
and representatives of home
school groups spoke in favor
of the request.
The board wishes to build a
29-room expandable school
building which may reach a
55-foot height when additions
become necessary. PreSe
coming limits buildings to 40
feet. The vertical expansion is
necessary since there is a lin
tied amount of land available
for future construction of ad-
dition to the building, school
officials explained.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14

that action on the bill during
this session may not be pos
sible. However, he said, surely
Congress should not wait be-
yond next year. The problems
of the aged are acute"
The Forand proposal would
cost about one billion, one hun
dred and twenty million during
the first year if enacted, &C
cording to HEW estimates. It
would mean increasing the So
cial Security tax for all persons
in GLIDING employees and
employers.
The American Medical AS
ISOLATION, which has long been
lobbying behind the scenes as
has the AFL-CIO, feels passage
Of the bill would be a step
toward "socialized" medicine,
or Government control of doc
tors fees and practices.
Yesterday the American
Farm Bureau Federation Joined
in the opposition saying that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14
RALPH McGILL

HAVANA, Cuba.-Stationed
Just inside the entrance to
the Ministry of Education is
an amiable, bearded soldier
of the revolution. He wears
a pistol and a smile. On a
table by him is AN automatic
carbine.
These familiar accessories
Of revolution are necessary
because the young Minister
of Education Is DR.. Armando
Hart, who was one of the
original Castro forces in the
Sierra Maestro. Not only
that, but once, when he was
captured, he made fools Of
the BatiSta forces by a device
familiar to moviegoers. He
simply walked out of a line
of prisoners being herded into
a military trial to be con-
demned to death, forced a
change of clothes with an old
man employed there, and
strolled out of the compound.
Batista forces would like to
aSsaSSinate him.
A brilliant young attorney,
he now is one of the key fig
ures in the government. His
secretary is Miss Maria Ruiz,
who was a teacher in San
tiago. She worked in the
Castro underground, making
the dangerous journeys into
the mountains to take mes
sages.
But despite this pictur-
sequences, the school people
here are like those around
the world. That is to say,
they are overburdened, over
worked, understaffed and
underpaid. They are dedicat-
ed and determined to reform
the school system. DR.. Max
Figueroa, general director
Of superior and secondary
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14
Division Among Justices Believed
Less Than Close Rulings Indicate

ing plan of 1887 failed in its
immediate objective. There
can be no doubt that it sue
ceeded in changing the court
in revolutionary fashion in
the end. The court, which
had been intent from the be-
ginning on preserving prop
erty rights, began to lay en-
phasis on preserving individ-
ual rights.
With the enormous growth
and expansion Of government
in a complex society, a chief
function of the Supreme
Court is the protection of
individual rights from en-
croachment by the Govern
ment. 1t is this question
which most largely divides
the present court. The needs
Of the Government to carry
out its complex functions, as
represented by Justice
Frankfurter, as against the
absolute right of individuals
to the protection of the Bill
of Rights, as represented by
Justice Black, are the poles
between which the rest of
the court fluctuates.
1t is true that there is an
other, and more or less tech
meal division Of the court.
This revolveS around the
view, again represented by
Justice Frankfurter, that the
court should decide cases
on the most narrow grounds
available and avoid sweeping
decisions.
These differences are doubt
less important. But they are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14
RALPH McGILL
Cuba Pushes Education Program

lean education for the past
three or four years. 1t is late
coming to Cuba because the
Batista government closed
down the universities and
many Of the schools for a
period of about two years.
Before that education had
been starved. In his first
years, beginning in 1888,
Batista had built, with a po-
litical flourish, a number Of
rural schools. But as he grew
in power, and corruption, he
made teachers and schools
detectives of much of his
terror. Here in Cuba is an
illustration of the disastrous
effects of the criminal folly
Of closing schools.
DIR. Figueroa hopes estab-
lishment of 5000 new elemen-
tary schools will slow down
the flow of population to the
cities. He believes the in
dustrial revolution will not,
for some time. supplant the
small farmer. If these fami-
lies can be provided land and
schools they will be less Sus-
ceptible to the lure Of the
city.
There is no shortage Of
teacher supply, save that few
men seem to be attracted to
the profession. But the num-
Der of young women who
want to teach is more than
adequate. The job now, with
education once more possible,
is to train them. There are
teachers schools to do this.
I never met a more died.
icated staff of veteran, able
administrators.
On the way out, I saluted
the young man with the
carbine, and for a fleeing
second thought he was SYM
bolic. There are many
enemies of public education
in our time, and guards are
needed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14

After living through a series
Of depressions and two world
wars, Mr.. Cruikshank de-
clared, 1T is no wonder if many
of them have not been able to
provide individually for incomes
in their years Of retirement
that are adequate to pay for
steeply increased medical
costs"
His comments came after
Secretary of Health, Education
and Welfare Arthur S. Flem-
ming yesterday attacked the bill
as harmful to the system of VOL
untary insurance, which is still
expanding.
FOrand'S Bill
Today marked the second
in a week-long series Of hear
ingS on a bill sponsored for the
second time by Representative
Forand, Democrat of Rhode
Island. The measure would pro-
vide compulsory insurance for
the cost of hospital, nursing
home and surgical services for
all persons eligible for social
security benefits.
The hearings mark the
scene of a long standing bat
tie between conservative medi-
cal forces and the administra-
ton against labor and other
groups which are pushing for
more Federal aid to the indi-
gent or pear-indigent elderly.
DR.. Flemming told the COM
mittee his staff is making a
study Of alternatives to the
Forand measure which would
possibly involve the use Of
non-profit and commercial
health insurance.
Delay Anticipated
Mr.. Forand, viewer,
charged that HEW has been
tardy in making reports and
declared he hoped this new re-
port will not be so delayed we
won't get any place with it,"
Mr.. Cruikshank today noted
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14

There is a danger that
much more of a division will
be read into the increasing
number of 5-4 decisions is
sued by the Supreme Court
in the last term than actual
ly exists. In very broad areas
the nine justices are in sub
Stantial agreement as to
aim, although they may diff
fer as to how to arrive at
an objective.
The chief judge Of one Of
the major circuit courts, re-
viewing the work of the
court during the past year,
displays little concern for
the division of the court. Its
justices, he declares, "are all
after the same exalted
goal"
1t has become fashionable
to divide the court into
liberal and conservative
groups. The liberals" thus
chosen are usually Chief
Justice Warren, together
with Justices Black, Douglas
and Brennan. The CON
Servatives" headed by JUS
tice Frankfurter, include
justices Clark, Harlan,
Whitaker and Stewart. In
actually there are often
shifts from one side to the
other. And in truth the
words liberal" and CON
sentative" when applied to
the court do not mean what
they ordinarily mean in po-
lit;eal life.
The Roosevelt court-pack-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14
CONSTANTINE BROWN
BohIen Not Expected Back Soon

that he had been mistaken
He was calling to Strengthen
the matter out lest the Sen.
ators think he had wantonly
misinformed them.
The group consulted with
the other Senators TO whom
the designated position for
Mr.. Bohlen was unpalatable.
Last Friday Minority Leader
Dirksen was delegated to call
up Secretary Herter and in
form him that If he persisted
in his controversial decision
he would have a real fight on
his hands with a large num-
Der of Senators. Mr.. Herter
was preparing for the trip to
Geneva via Canada and could
not be found when Mr.. Dirk
sen put in the call. Eventu-
ally he returned it.
Mr.. Dirksen pointed out
that the storm Mr.. Herter's
decision had created among a
number of influential Sena-
tors is due to their conviction
that Mr.. Bohlen is not the
right person to be at the
Secretary's elbow in the pro-
spective tough negotiations
with Moscow, especially in
the event of a summit meet
ing. Not only was his Te-
heran, Yalta and PotSdam
record against him but even
after he was sent to Moscow
six years ago his estimates OF
the Kremlin policies and men
were way off center. 1t was
this factor and not any
animosity toward Mr.. Bohlen
personally which decided the
late Secretary Dulles to
transfer him to the Philip
pines instead of keeping him
as Ambassador to Moscow.
Mr.. Herter admitted he was
unaware of these factors and
under the circumstances he
would certainly reconsider
the intended change.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14

personal antipathy to Mr..
Bohlen but to his self
admitted role as an adviser
to agreements which result
ed in enslavement of Poland
and other East European
states.
Late last month reports
appeared in the press that
Secretary Herter had de-
cided to bring Mr.. Bohlen
back to Washington as an
adviser to him and also as
a policy-maker, Senators
Dirksen, Bridges and Hicken-
looper went to the White
House to inquire about the
matter. They were told by
one of the top presidential
assistants that this was
mostly newspaper talk and
gossip" which should be dis
counted. With this assurance
the Republican Senators in
formed their colleagues who
Joined them in opposing Mr..
Bohlen as a policy-maker
without official rank.
AS the reports of the i'm
pending return of Mr.. Bohlen
persisted, those who opposed
Mr.. Bohlen as a policy-maker
began to wonder how we'll
informed their contact in the
White House had been. Then
the phone rang one morning
last week in Senator Bridges
Office. The adviser to the
President was on the line
apologizing for the error he
had made. He said in effect
that he had been candid with
the three Senators when he
informed them that there
was nothing to the reports
that Mr.. Bohlen was re-
turning to, Washington. But
now he had just discovered
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14

ito launch out on a program
of limited socialized medical
care would greatly hinder the
efforts being made by voluntary
groups, such as the Farm
Bureau, in promoting better
medical care for all of our
citizens.
Others opposing the bill in
cluded the American Nursing
Home Association and the
American Society of Internal
Medicine.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14

training troops during World
War II.
Directly involved was about
10 acres in San Luis Obispo
County. The land had been
rented to the Government for
81 a year under a promise that
it would be restored in the
same condition it was in when
the agreement was made.
The Government had ac-
knowledged the property is
dangerous for sub-Surface use
because Of unexploded mines,
bombs and other missiles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14
Marine Base Pupils
Granted School Shift

NEW BERN, N. c., July IA
(AP).-Children of Negro per-
sonnet at the Cherry Point
Marine Air Station who meet
certain conditions and re-
quirements" will be admitted to
two all-white schools next fall.
The Craven County Board of
Education did not announce
conditions. 1t said the move
resulted from difficulties in
transporting the children to a
Negro school 20 miles from the
base.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14
Two Wuders Seized

NIAGARA FALLS, N. Y.
July IA (AP).-Police caught
two boys wading into the water
on the brink of Niagara Falls
last night to retrieve good luck
pennies tossed by tourists. The
boys, whose names were with
held, were turned over to their
parents. They had collected
"a cents.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14
Union Backs BiIIGivino
Aoed Health Insurance
BY CHARLES G. BROOKS
Star stan Writer

The AFLCO today strongly Endorsed proposed legislation
giving compulsory health insurance to the aged.
Nelson CrkShank director of the Department of Social
Security of the AFLCO told the House Ways and Means Com
mttee that todayS elder citizens have better
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-04

YOGI wAs WEARING REGULAR CLOTHES.
AND I KNEW YOU SUSPECTED HIM SINCE
THAT BUSINESS WITH the AIR RIFLE So
I SENT A MAN TO FOLLOW HIM.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-22

10 operate tub ME Inventory and
billing system for new installa-
tion. using machines 400, 5l9, 81
and 90, Phone Mr.. 6CHEELE at
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-22
ANTIQUES
ROBIN JEWELS
WE MAY HAVE TO MOVE

rs rumor has 1t 2 or 8 old buildings
in our block are to be RACED to
superduper - so - after many
years OF enjoying doing business
with our fine neighbors, we may
have to move. We have sew
eral places in mind--tryinR to
stay close by-and as soon as we
know what Is TO be done will ad-
wise you all.
MEANWHILE we will REDUCE
PRICES ON OUR COLLECTION
OF FINE JEWELRY ANTIQUES
IN ANTICIPATION, uo.
SELECTION. and you will SAVE
as this is our FIRST SALE.
ROBIN JEWELS
808 18th ST. NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-22
WOULD 5000 PER MONTH SOLVE
SOME OF YOUR PROBLEMS

We have few openings available for men or
women seeking future in an ever-expanding
field. with sales organization for a nationally
advertised product cover Washington Metro
politan district; some of the sales personnel in
other areas are making over $500 per month
commission.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-22

MAN AND WIFE, experienced in
Of 42-room motel; man must
be able to do ordinary repair
and maintenance work and come
well recommended This Is an
exceptional opportunity for the
right couple. Apply In person
to J. Z. ROSE. Rose Haven (P. o.
OVingsI. Maryland.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-22
tcoNIINutpl

8ELLING, managing, merchandise
ing and buying experience IN drus
and variety business. Under 35
yrs. Only lucrative offers const-
dered. Box 104-R Star.
WORK IN COUNTRY, farm. handy
man, houseboy; exper.; drives
tractor. EN-. 3-S435 22'
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-22
NfuArIons--WoMfn
lcoNrlNuEp,

WIDOW Of deeeaseq contractor
yrs. experience deaiins With ac-
conts. telephone. personnel. Box
WOMAN wants VIZ. caring for semI-
invalid, man or woman, gen, Wk,
for adult cripple: refs. Ii. 3-4S70.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-22

BRIcKs--Immsdiate delivery. WA.
7-22l0, A a A WREcKINo CO.
BElEAsL1LATE ana pair Of swords,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-22
statesmen
SALESWOMEN

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