davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1959-12-20
Praises Ironions

In Teheran, Mr.. Eisenhower
praised the courage of the Iranians
in taking sides with the West in
the CENTO pact, and in their
efforts to maintain integrity with
freedom
In Athens, where the Commu-
mist Deputies in the Greek Parlia-
ment cheered as Justify as their
foes when the President spoke. ne
stressed his conviction that peace
with freedom is the major goal
before the world. He told the
Greek lawmakers that peace. to
be effective. must be based on
strength military. economic and
spiritual"
Leaving the ancient Greek cap
ital aboard the cruiser Des Moines,
the President had restful voyage
to Tunis, capital Of the newly in
dependent Republic of Tunisia.
where he arrived Thursday morn
ing. Here again, in talking to
President HabiD Bourguiba, Mr..
Eisenhower brought message of
peace. But he noted also that
the continued rebellion in neigh
boring Algeria was a cause for
grave concern" Mr.. Bourguiba
reportecly pressed his diStin-
guished visitor to urge Gen. de
Gaulle to continue his peace
making efforts in the Algerian
situation. especially stressing his
view that direct talks between the
Algerian rebels and the French
government offered the best hope
of bringing about a settlement of
the bloody, 5-year-old rebellion.
Evening star., 1959-12-20
Announcement Ready

Senator Kennedy of MaSsachu-
settS has been running harder
and longer for the 1860 Demo-
cratic presidential nomination
than perhaps any other hopeful.
Like every other candidate for
the big prize, Republican or
Democratic, the Senator has not
announced his candidacy. In
Spired stories have appeared in
print saying that on such and
such a date he will state publicly
his intentions, one way or the
other.
Last Thursday, it looked for a
moment like Mr.. Kennedy was
going to let the Nation in on his
secret" A reporter got hold of
a letter his staff had prepared for
mailing to Democratic Party lead
ers on December % and which
said. in part:
II am announcing on January 2
my candidacy for the Democratic
presidential nomination in 1860.
E. l believe I can win the nomi-
nation and, most Importantly, the
election. will welcome your
support"
An explanation followed quickly
the publication of the letter. Ken
nedy-for- President headquarters
said the Senator still had not
made up his mind whether to seek
the nomination. A spokesman said
that the unsigned draft was only
one of a number covering all even
Qualities now being prepared by
the Senator's staff.
Evening star., 1959-12-20
Labor:
Lewis Out

John L. Lewis announced he
will retire after 40 years as
head of the United Mine Work.
ers of America.
Federal mediatOrS called new
steel negotiation sessions after
an 11-day suspension.
Ten or IS years ago the reac-
ton, outside his own union and
perhaps among some of the pro-
feSsionals of organized labor, very
likely would have been thank
heavens"
But time is more than an ager;
it is also a healer, a mellower
and often a softener of attl-
tudeS and judgments. And so 1t
is not too surprising to hear the
chief spokesman for the coal op-
orators say this of John Llewellyn
Lewis, 10, after his announcement
last week that he planned to re-
tire early next year:
His leadership will be missed
The statemanship Mr.. Lewis has
shown in conducting the affairs
of the UNIV far surpasses that OF
any other labor leader in history" "
Mr.. Lewis was a towering figure
IN American labor almost since
the day in 1920 he took over the
UNIV presidency. With his leo
nine head, great bushy eyebrows
and laundering eloquence, he
looked and acted the part.
Evening star., 1959-12-20
The Explanation

There were many explanations
and theories advanced after the
vote. But one thing seems ap-
parent: The farmers are not as
angry as the Democrats believed
them TO be. This may be said
even though Mr.. XVI also criti-
cized administration farm policies
and Mr.. Benson during the cam
paign.
There was another conclusion
that could be drawn, according
to the consensus of post-mortem
takers: Mr.. XVI had strenuouSly
stressed President Eisenhower
crusade for peace and it undoubt-
edly helped get him votes. This
is evidence to indicate what many
observers have felt all along -
that the Presidents peace drive
may help the Republicans in 1860.
Although the Republican Ma
tional Committee hailed the vic
tory as portent. other G. o. P.
voices cautioned that just as one
swallow does not make a summer.
one congressional district victory
does not necessarily mean success
in a national election. Nor does
this particular victory, it might
be added. mean that the Republi-
cans have no need to worry about
the farm vote in 1860.
Evening star., 1959-12-20
Rockefeller Has q Plan

Gov. Rockefeller of New York
Is back home after a weeks tour
of seven States in his ceaseless
effort to help him decide, he SAYS,
whether he should seek the Re-
publican presidential nomination.
His trip covered Minnesota, Wis
consin. Indiana. Missouri. Okla
homa. Texas and Florida.
While he was in Minneapolis,
the Governor advanced a bold
new farm program which would
put the Government into agri-
culture more heavily than it is
now. He wants to sharply reduce
production acreage and shift mar
ginal farmers to industrial or
other non-farming jobs.
Mr.. Rockefeller says at least
so million acres of farmland
should be rented by the Federal
Government. He emphasized the
need to rent entire farms, not
just portions of them as is the
general case under the soil bank"
program.
In another instance, the Cover
nor showed political courage, if
not discretion. Speaking to re-
porterS in Texas, he said he is not
satisfied with the pace of school
desegTegation in the South. And
he even mildly criticized the Presi-
dent for not taking a more active
part in trying to solve the prob
lem.
But at the finish of his travels.
Mr. Rockefeller could count up
little in the way of gains among
the G. o P. professionals. the
ones on whom the nomination, to
a large degree, rides. He was
certain, however, that he had made
a lot of friends and supporters
among the people"
While he was away, he got
some bad news from back East
Gov. Wesley Powell of New Hamp-
shire announced that he had
jumped aboard the Nixon band
wagon and would lead it to a
Evening star., 1959-12-20

mise three of the major issues
that have almost stalled the
meetings.
The Soviet package called for
seven-nation control commission,
to be made up of three Western
nations, three from the Soviet
bloc. and one neutral. If the
West accepts this parity, then the
Soviet Union would accept West
ern proposals for the stating Of
control posts, for voting procedure
in the commission, and for
budgetary procedure.
United States Delegate James
j. WadsWorth took a cautiously
optimistic view OF the proposal.
He said that the package would
require serious study" but had
some interesting things in it" be-
cause 1t combined Western and
Soviet ideas in an attempt to
achieve a solution acceptable to
both sides. Britain's Sir Michael
Wright said the Soviet plan
represents an appreciable mar
rowing of outstanding differ
enceS."
Mr.. Tsarapkin called the plan
"a far-reaching concession" and
said it represented the Soviet
reply to United Nations appeals.
Evening star., 1959-12-20
Lewis the Fighter

Presidents, Federal courts, Con-
gress, fellow labor leaders and
public opinion frightened him not
a whit. Often it was that he bat
tied with them and won-not for
himself, although he lived hand
somely on his 0,000-a-year SAL
ary and other perquisites of high
union office, but for his miners.
When he spoke, he sometimes
snarled and growled and rocked
the room. He often reminded one
Of a Shakespearean actor.
The Lewis record parallels the
growth and gains of unions in
this country. He was a hated
strike leader, a highly successful
organizer-he set up the Congress
of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
in the depression days of the
1930s, and a fierce independent,
who was in and out of the Ameri-
can Federation of Labor (AFL)
several times.
But although some will say,
with a measure of Justitlcatlon.
that his demands, coupled with
competition of other fuels, brought
fewer jobs for coal miners-the
union has fallen from a peak
membership of 100000 in 1923 to
100000 today, with nearly half in
the non-miner District so catchall
branch. his record of leadership is
impressive.
He himself perhaps has put it
best. In his, retirement announce
ment he told his union:
To-day, because of your forti-
tude and deep loyalty to your
union, your wages are the highest
in the land, your working hours
the lowest, your safety more as
sured, your health more guarded,
your old age protected, your chill
dren equal in opportunity with
Continued on Page B-4
Evening star., 1959-12-20
Sporked by Twining

A week ago yesterday, a state
ment by American Gen. Nathan
F. Twining, chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff, touched off
the big debate. From the outset,
it was clear that, this year. no
one wanted to sweep the French
attitude toward the alliance under
the rug. Gen. Twining in blunt
terms accused the French of pre-
venting maximum realization of
NATO military potentials. His
secret" remarks were leaked to
the press, and the French were
furious.
But the arrival of Secretary of
State Herter did little to placate
the Paris authorities, despite a
special meeting repeatedly called
by Gen. de Gaulle himself. Mr..
Herter, Defense Secretary Gates,
and Treasury Secretary Ander-
son in effect bolstered the Twin
ing position, as did Secretary
General Spaak. AS Mr.. Eisen-
hoWer's train approached Paris
Friday, there were unmistakable
signs that the French were
yielding.
Yesterday Mr.. Eisenhower and
Gen. de Gaulle met for an ex-
tended conversation in the Elysee
Palace. Gen. de Gaulle, urged on
by French military leaders and
no doubt feeling sharp sense of
isolation as the result of the
weeks debate, conceded a few
points. The word "integration"
was avoided; it is apparently as
unpalatable to the austere
Evening star., 1959-12-20
Ultimate Cooperation

But French participation IN
combined NATO forces seems as
sured, whatever the term en-
ployed. Soothing the generals
ire at the thought Of French
forces under foreign command.
the system will apparently employ
wholly French units under a
common" command. The unified
air defense system so earnestly
sought by NATO military men
will include French squadrons.
Bases for aircraft and missiles
will be erected and maintained on
French soil. and the issue of
French sovereignty will be tacitly
settled by avoiding its emergence
as a problem-it will be accepted
that France is sovereign, and it
will be accepted that France is a
part Of NATO.
On the agenda of the forthcom-
ing summit conference, the NATO
foreign ministers had less trouble.
There was little debate on a tenta-
tive agenda: Cd Disarmament,
% Germany and West Berlin.
90 general East-West relations"
and "a aid to underdeveloped
nations.
Gen. de Gaulle has been ex-
pected to demand "quid pro quo"
for his acceptance of NATO con-
ditions he has deemed unpalatable
to France. In the view of most
observers, the Frenchman'S chief
aim all along has been to get for
France a co-equal voice in NATO
affairs with those of the United
States and Britain. Mr.. Eisen-
hover, in his public pronounce
ments, has said nothing to oppose
such change.
The Presidents sweeping tour
of almost half the world has been
marked so far by seemingly gen.
uine enthusiasm and satisfactory,
if general, accord. His f1ve-day
stay at New Delhi produced a new
warmth in Indian-American rela-
tlons and, particularly, heightened
prospects that India's economic
difficulties may be eased by SYM
pathetic United States measures
Evening star., 1959-12-20

dian as commander of the worlds
first peace army.
In Stockholm the U. N. Secre-
tary-General is preparing to fly
to Africa to ease the grievous
wounds of hunger. ignorance and
poverty there. In Amman. Jor-
dan and in Vientiane. Laos. among
other places, his deputies are
helping keep the lid on explosive
situations.
In Geneva. men are trying to
negotiate a first, small curb on
nuclear weapons. and seem to be
making progress. In a hundred
small towns and cities of Europe,
dedicated men and women are
helping refugees-some of the
worlds most pitiful tlotsam-find
homes, jobs, better life.
Focus on Peril
Men are trying. The worlds
gaze is focused, no doubt rightly.
on the challenge. the crisis, the
peril. But quietly. often without
any outside notice whatever. the
peacemaker is doing his work.
1t is obviously not enough. What
the world needs is breakthrough.
Concelvably there already is one
in sight: but there have been so
many Illustrations in the past. so
many deceptions, that the world
scarcely dares to believe it.
Can there be a real peace while
men are enslaved in Eastern
Europe? Can the Communist sys-
TEN, so largely based on secrecy
and exclusiveness. admit the in
spectors necessary if the peril of
Evening star., 1959-12-20

will be the overnight guest Of
Generalissimo Francisco Franco.
On Tuesday he will fly to Rabat.
capital of Morocco, for talks with
King Mohammed V. Here once
again Mr.. Eisenhower is sure to
hear more of the Algerian prob
lem, as we'll as Morocco's opposl-
ton to the planned testing of a
French nuclear weapon in the
Sahara Desert.
Leaving Morocco in his swift
Jet transport. the President and
his party are scheduled to arrive
in Washington at 1880 pm.
Tuesday evening. having visited
II capitals in as many nations,
on three continents, since his de-
parture on December 4.
One major action of the Paris
summit meeting will be the
preparation of a formal note to
Moscow. proposing late April or
mid-May for a summit conference
between East and West. The note
will propose to the Kremlin that
the summit meeting be limited to
the Big Four, except that when
the question of Germany is dis
cussed. each side may include "ad-
visers" from West and East Ger
many respectively.
A word of caution on too much
optimism respecting the forth
coming summit conference came
from Yugoslavia's President Josip
Broz Tito last week. Speaking at
zagreb, the Yugoslav leader warned
that the summit probably could
not settle a single major problem.
1T will be luck if they agree TO
continue meeting" he declared.
Evening star., 1959-12-20
The Chances for Real Brotherhood

atomic war is to be reduced? Can
NATO. divided by pride and
rivalry. stay together long enough
10 extract from the Russians a
price for it's disintegration?
The year to come may provide
some answers. But probably most
of it will be undramatic: A bit
more of the same familiar story
of crisis and improvisation. or
challenge and response, of propa-
ganda rivalry subtler in its tech
niqueS but similar in its OBJ
jectives.
The pilgrims winding down the
road from Jerusalem to Bethle-
hem will be thinking of a thou
sand other things than these. But
in a way they will symbolic the
worlds long, patient search for
peace and stability.
They will be going in the right
direction to find 1t. There on
that picturesque Jordanian hill
side. covered by gnarled olive trees
and topped by the stone cottages
of what is no longer the little"
town of Bethlehem, the answer
came, clear as crystal, 1859 years
ago. 1t needs only to be needed.
The people that walked in
darkness have seen a great light"
Isaiah said; they that dwell in
the land of the shadow of death,
upon them hath the light
shined.
For unto us a child is born,
unto us son is given: And the
government shall be upon his
shoulder: And his name shall be
called Wonderful, Counsellor, The
Mighty God, The Everlasting
Father, The Prince of Peace"
Evening star., 1959-12-20

brothers. No one who has ever
seen it can possibly forget the
sight
Then, 36 hours later, the leaden
curtain rings down again. the
pilgrims return home. and the
soldiers go back to manning their
submachine guns.
When. many an observer has
asked himself. will the miracle of
hate banlshed, of fear erased, of
greed conquered, become perma-
nent? When will brotherhood be
the rule and not the rare ex-
ception? When will mankind see
an eternal Christmas?
Comfort ye, comfort We my
people, saith your God;
Speak ye comfortably to Jeru-
salem,
And cry unto her, that her war;
fare
Is accomplished. E.
So wrote the great prophet
Isaiah; and his words are sung
every Christmas season to the
music of the magnificent Handel
oratorio, The Messiah.
". That her warfare is &C
complished Is this goal forever
to remain an elusive aspiration,
a Holy Grail hanging in the sky
like a precious jewell?
TobIe ToIks Sought
Around a conference table in
Paris this week end four Western
heads of state are hammering out
a basis for negotiation with the
Russians. In GAIA an Indian gen.
eral is taking over from a Cana
Evening star., 1959-12-20
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Fast Finish for $50
For the Candidates

The Republicans recaptured
House seat in special election in
Iowa farm district.
Gov. Rockefeller wound up a
seven-State tour. advanced new
farm plan, said integratiOn lags,
saw gain in his own drive. Sem
atOr Kennedy's staff prepared
letter announcing his candidacy.
Farm income has dropped Is
per cent this year and, with grain
and meat production likely to
keep soaring. it is expected to fall
some more in 1860.
Because of this and the opposi-
ton of many farmers to the ad-
miniStration's farm policies as de-
signed by Agriculture Secretary
Benson, the rural rebellion that
swept through several Midwest
States and helped knock a good
many Republican members out of
Congress last year, repeatedly was
running unabated.
Most political pundits see lots
of trouble for the G. o. P. in
its attempt to regain the farm
vote in next years election. Some
feel, along with a large number
of Democratic and a smaller
number of Republican officials,
that Mr.. Benson ought to be re-
moved-not for the same reasons,
but nevertheless, removed.
With this background, a spe-
cial Congressional election last
week, called to pick a successor
to Representative Steven Carter,
Democrat, who died of cancer
earlier in the year, held the po-
litical spotlight as such a special
vote does not often do.
The Democratic candidate was
expected by many to win. Mr..
Carter, although his victory was
the first for his party in 20 years,
defeated his G. o. P. foe by more
than 5000 votes. And the anti
Benson feeling was supposedly
running stronger now than it did
in 1858.
So what happened? The man
Mr.. Carter defeated. John Kyl,
clothing merchant, turned
around and beat his Democratic
opponent by $500 votes.
Evening star., 1959-12-20
Chinn-Indio:
Conferences?

Premier Chou En-Iai of the
Chinese Peoples Republic pro-
posed to India'S Prime Minister
Nehru that the two meet to dis
cuss settlement of the Chinese
Indian border quarrel.
Possibly lending support to re-
ports that the Soviet Union had
brought pressure to bear on Com
munist China to end its dispute
with India over the Chinese
Indian border. Premier Chou En-
lai, in conciliatory note to New
Delhi. proposed that Prime Min
lister Nehru meet with him on De-
cember 26. either in China or IN
Rangoon, Burma, to negotiate a
settlement of the threatening
issue.
Mr.. Chou stressed that China
harbored mo activities hostile to
Indian-Chinese friendship" He
accepted in the note the proposal
made recently by Mr.. Nehru that
both sides refrain from active pa
trolling of the disputed areas, and
assured the Indian leader that
orders to that effect had already
been issued to Chinese units. ,
But Mr.. Chou did not abandon
his insistence that there be a
demilitarized zone along the
frontier, with troops of both sides
falling back IL miles. Mr. Nehru
has rejected that proposal on the
grounds that it would leave Chi
nese forces in possession of some
5000 square miles of territory
claimed by India.
The speedy holding of talks
between the two Prime Ministers
is our unShirkable responsibility
not only to our two peoples but
also to world peace" wrote the
Chinese Premier in language very
similar to the Kremlin;s coexlSt-
ence phrases.
Evening star., 1959-12-20
TESTING for the Summit

President Eisenhower arrived
Friday in Paris, and began talks
yesterday with British, French
and West German leaders in a
''pre- Summit" session.
Diplomacy at the Summit" as
a departure from the traditional
techniqueS employed in relations
between nations. was getting it's
most thorough test last week. The
final results, of course, will not
be known until after the Sum
nit" itself between the Soviet
Union and the Western allies, a
meeting now tentatively sched-
uled for late April or mid-May.
President Eisenhower'S arrival
in Paris was plunge into a very
much disunited situation. Amid
amity and enthusiasm, he had
visited Rome. Ankara, Karachi,
Kabul. New Delhi. Teheran, Ath-
ems and Tunis before he boarded
a glistening special train at Tou-
Ion for the trip up the Rhone
valley to Paris. But at Paris, the
foreign ministers of the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization had
been meeting all week in an at
mosphere far short of sweet con-
cord.
NATO. as the defensive alliance
of the West against the posi-
bility of Soviet aggression in
Western Europe. cannot, of
course, be divorced from the prep
arations for the Summit. While
only the Big Four"-the United
States, Britain, France and the
Soviet Union - are expected to
participate in the Springtime
Summit conference. it has long
been Western policy to co-ordi-
nate as much as possible the
views of all the members Of the
Western alliance.
This year, NATO's Council has
chosen to make pressing issue
of French President de Gaulle's
insistence on keeping his country
out of integrated military COM
mands. Gen. de Gaulle has
stubbornly resisted NATO moves
toward an integrated military
system under a single commander.
He has also opposed a single.
unified air defense arrangement.
and has withdrawn French naval
units from NATO's Mediter-
ranean command.
Less Spectacularly, but probably
more significantly, the question
of NATO's future role was of
pressing concern to the statesmen
meeting at Paris. What of NATO
if the Forthcoming negotiations
with the Soviet Union prove sue
ceSsful? What should be NATO's
mission during the next decade,
in the face of an undoubted squirt,
if not outright superiority, in
the Soviet military power?
Evening star., 1959-12-20
Rightists' Reaction

French rightistS. both in Paris
and in Algiers, promptly took a
hostile view toward the Eisen-
interchangeable communique. In
the view of the "colons" and their
political allies, Algeria is a
French-only housekeeping prob
lem, and no foreigners. however
well-intenLioned, have any buSi-
ness in discussing it.
After participating in the "pre-
summit" sessions in Paris this
week end, the President leaves
tomorrow for Madrid, where he
Evening star., 1959-12-20

sweeping victory in the Granite
States primary. the Nations
first, on March 8.
Gov. Powell had kept the pub
lie and. presumably, Mr.. Rookie
feller, guessing for months. His
decision is believed certain to
increase Mr.. Nixon's chances for
the victory in New Hampshire
and in Chicago, where the ma
tional convention will be held
next July.
Evening star., 1959-12-20
BY WILLIAM Il. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.-On
Christmas eve, as in other years,
thousands of Christian Arabs from
Israel will wind through the Man.
delbaum Gate into Jerusalem.
Jordan, and together with other
pilgrims. trudge joyously to Beth
lehem, there to celebrate on the
site of the first Christmas the
promise of peace on earth, good
will to men"
Mandelbaum Gate is not really
a gate at all. 1t is a stretch of
narrow road 40 or SO yards long
between two shell-pocked road
blocks. one of which flies the Star
of David and the other, the black,
white and green flag of Jordan.
AS the pilgrims wind through.
some of them churchmen in white
gold vestments, candles in hand,
others simple peasant people car
rying fruit and sandwiches, still
others in Western dress with CAM
eras slung over one shoulder. there
is surge of tenderness and for
giveness which, as if Dy some
miracle, wipes away the atmos-
phere of hatred and fear which
pervades the gate the rest Of the
year.