davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1959-12-29
THE TENSE PACIFIC
Military Diplomats Help
Alter Political Climate

His staff is advising the
ambassadors in Tokyo and
Manila, for instance, in the
negotiation of new mutual
security treaties. The presence
of Korean soldiers in his two
American divisions at the 38th
parallel involves him in Korean
internal affairs. His generals in
Wet Nam virtually created the
government there and are
working closely and apparently
Skillfully with President Diem
today. And of course the ad-
miralS on Formosa are closely
involved in the life or death of
the Chang Kai-shek regime.
Military Men in Key Posts
In each country it is the
ambassador who is the nominal
boss Of American interests and
activities. In some countries,
like Japan where dynamic
Douglas Macarthur II is am
bassador, the civilian definitely
is in charge. In other countries,
like Korea where we are now
between ambassadors, a strong
general seems to overshadow
the temporary charge d'affaires
or weak ambassador.
Simply by training local Of
f1eers who frequently become
the best local pool Of skilled
administrators. American Of
f1cers become friendly and in
f1uential with the men who
are running the country.
Perhaps it is President
Eisenhower's people-to-people
program which will do most in
the long run. Military person.
mel have been ordered to make
friends wherever they are, and
many do.
A Navy captain in Korea
with an interest in language
sets out to learn Korean and
soon finds himself teaching
English to important Koreans.
An Air Force colonel seeks out
the VietnameSe Boy Scout
movement and spreads the
wholesome scouting philoSo-
ply. An Army wife on Okin-
ava is active in a half-dozen
local women's benefit organi-
zation and explains cheerfully:
why, I would do anything our
President asked"
Multiply these individual ef-
forts by hundreds of thou
sands, add the formally organ
lied military parties, open
houses. field days and charity
campaigns run for local people,
and good will becomes impress
Sive.
1t would take a lot Of un-
foreseen i'll will to overcome it.
| Tomorrow: Treaty Trouble.
Evening star., 1959-12-29
Hawthorn Group
Cites Decorators

Walter j. Hamer, 1923 Dog
wood street NV, won first
prize in the annual Christmas
home decoration contest spon-
Sored by the Hawthorn Citi-
zenS' Association.
Honorable mention went to
Allen B. Orrison, 6971 Thirty
second street NV, and E. v
McKenney, 3206 Chestnut
street NV.
Mr.. McKenney also won first
prize in the window decora-
tions category. Canio Fierra-
vanti, 3110 Birch street NV,
and John F. Miller, jr., 3056
Chestnut street NV. were
given honorable mention in this
class.
Winners in the doorway dec
Grafton category were C. F.
Schatz. 3035 Chestnut street
NV, first prize. and Col. John
w. Llufrio, 3O38 Chestnut
street NV, and Mr.. Miller
honorable mention.
Evening star., 1959-12-29
Bomb Skaters
School Windows

BAKERSFIELD, Calf. Dec.
20 (AP) "A homemade bomb
shattered windows of the Bak-
ersfield High School cafeteria
last night just as police arrived
in response to a report a bomb
had been placed.
The incident climaxed a Sc
ries of bomb scares at schools
in recent months. Police Sergt.
James Dean said investigators
believe it was intended as q
practical joke.
The bomb had been placed on
a ledge of the front window.
1t was a 6-inch length of 34s-
inch pipe. capped on both ends
and filled with blasting powder.
Evening star., 1959-12-29
PAVELIC
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
guayan secret police in inter-
rogating captured Paraguayan
invaders. But apparently he
made his way to Spain.
Long before World War II,
Pavelic was sought in half a
dozen countries for terrorist
plots and political assassina-
tionS, including those of King
Alexander of Yugoslavia and
French Foreign Minister Louis
Barthou in 1884.
Born July II, 1889, the son OF
a Croatian railroad worker,
Pavelic studied law at the Uni
versity of zagreb. He quickly
gained popularity in the Croa-
tian independence movement
by defending numerous Croats
charged with political crimes.
In an attempt to wipe out
subversive activity and end po-
litical strife among the Serbs
and Croats, King Alexander
suspended the Parliament and
assumed all powers in 1929.
Pavelic fled to Vienna where
he formed a terrorist oreaniza-
ton, the Ustachis, to work fol
Croatian independence and be-
came the acknowledged leader
Of the Croats abroad.
The Yugoslav government
tried Pavelic in absentia ir
1929 and sentenced him tc
death for terrorist activities
against Alexander's regime
Pavelic continued to organize
and direct terrorist activities
against the Belgrade govern
ment from abroad.
He came under a second
death sentence following the
assassination OF Alexander ano
Barthou in Marseille lust after
the King arrived for an off,
cial visit in 1884.
A French court handed down
the sentence after the slain
gunman was identified as one
of Pavelic's followers.
Pavelic fled to Italy, and the
government of Dictator Benitc
Mussolini refused to hand him
over to the French.
Pavelic, his wife and three
children lived at a luxurious
villa in Siena until 1941 when
Mussolini and Hitler, after the
German conquest of Yugoslav-
ia, set UP the Croatian puppet
state, chose Pavelic to head il
and divided the rest of the
country among Germany, Italy
and Hungary.
Evening star., 1959-12-29

other engagements. He will
leave tomorrow for Pasadena
where he will act as marshal
for the Rose Bowl football fes-
tival New Years day. He will
return Sunday to be on hand
for the opening of the second
session of Congress next week
If the Vice Presidents name
should be entered in the New
Hampshire primary, he may
find himself in a trial run with
Senator Kennedy of MasSa-
chusetts. a leading contender
for the Democratic presidential
nomination.
Senator Kennedy is said to
be all set to announce his own
candidacy, possible over the
week end. He has indicated
that he will enter the New
Hampshire as well as other
primaries.
Evening star., 1959-12-29
Teen-Aeers to Give
Show at Hospital

The Teen-Age Theater of the
Washington Theater Club will
present a live performance OF
Punch and Judy" at 2 pm
tomorrow in the cripple chill
dren's ward of District General
Hospital.
Under the direction of Mrs
Elaine Funk, the 10-member
cast will use set and costumes
made by them for the perform
ance. The project is sponsored
by the Pilot Club of Washing
ton.
Evening star., 1959-12-29
ALEXANDRIA

Continued From First Page
Of emotional stability could not
bar the transfer.
Today's order will extend in
tegration to two additional
Alexandria schools. Three city
schools have been integrated
since last February.
Five at Howard
Five students were ordered
into Minnie Howard Elemen-
tary School. These will be the
first Negro students to enter
that school.
One student was ordered into
Jefferson School for eighth
graders, marking the first in
tegration at that school.
An additional student was
ordered into Hammond High
School and one more into
Ramsay Elementary. These
two schools and Ficklin were
integrated last February.
In turning down the request
by Negro attorneys for assign
ment solely on the basis of
geographic proximity to schools,
Judge Bryan said that neither
necessity, nor expedition, nor
aid to the parties discloses the
adviSability of such an order"
Individual Studies
mo matter what the formu-
lac or artiflcialities adopted,
each contested administrative
decision must ultimately be
considered on its peculiar
facts" Judge Bryan said. I'm
recompense, these individual
studies though tedious and
taSking could lead to a clearer
understanding and a freer
recognition by the parties OF
their reciprocal obligations
something more enduring and
of greater force than an in
junction of any kind"
In declining to cite the school
board for contempt of court
for rejecting the II applica-
tions, the judge pointed out
that he upheld the school board
in a majority (nine) of its
assignments.
"It is a weak court that must
depend for it's strength upon
the threat of contempt" Judge
Bryan said.
The judge upheld the testing
of students as a group. Negro
attorneys had argued that each
student should be given an in
dividual test to determine his
ability more accurately.
Form Discounted
"The form of the tests is
not something for the court,
it is an administrative judg-
ment to be made by the school
officials. Certainly a test by
groups cannot be declared un-
Evening star., 1959-12-29
Strontium 90
In u. S. Rivers
AtSufe Level
BY the Associated Press

Strontium 90 content in ma
jor United States rivers con-
tinues to run far below the
maximum permissible level, the
Public Health Service reported
today.
Weekly samples from 81 sta
tionS on II major rivers showed
that the Colorado River at
Hoover Dam had the highest
level of this radioactive mate
rial during the last quarter Of
1853, but this is being re-
checked.
The Tennessee River at Chat
tanooga had the highest level
during the second and third
quarters.
The Hudson at Poughkeepsie,
N. Y, topped the list during
the first quarter.
The strontium 80 content of
the Colorado at Hoover, which
is between Arizona and Nevada,
was listed at 6.2 micromicro-
curieS per liter for the fourth
quarter of 1859. The levels
there had been 1.8 in each Of
the first two quarters and IL
in the third quarter.
For the Tennessee, the levels
were Al micromicrocuries per
liter in the second quarter, 4.8
in the third and 3.8 in the
fourth. No report was given
for the first quarter.
The levels in the Hudson at
Poughkeepsie was As for each
of the first two quarters, IL
for the third quarter and 10
for the fourth.
A level of 80 micromicro-
curies per liter is regarded by
the National Committee on
Radiation Protection as per-
missible for lifetime exposure
of the general population to
Strontium 80.
Evening star., 1959-12-29
NIXON

Continued From First Page
said in the past that a number
Of Republicans have the neces-
sary qualifications for the office
The major qualification, in
Mr.. Nlxon'S view, is that a Vice
President must be able to work
in harmony with the President
and share in his philosophy
The Vice President has often
used the word "simpatico" to
express his attitude about the
Office.
He has pointed to his own role
in President Eisenhower's ad-
ministration to demonstrate
what he means. And as he
sees it. the role of Vice Presi-
dent will assume even greater
Importance as demands on the
President increase.
Among those more promi-
nently mentioned for second
place on the Republican ticket
are Secretary of Labor Mitch
ell, a Catholic; House Republi-
can Leader Halleck of Indiana
and United Nations Ambassa-
dor Henry Cabot Lodge.
Any decision on those ia.
vored by the Vice President fol
a place on the ticket would not
be made until near convention
time, according to Nixor
sources.
Gov. Rockefeller's Withdrawal,
has made no great difference ir
the Vice Presidents plans fol-
his own formal announcement
a Nixon source said.
No firm date for the an.
nouncement has been fixed, il
was said. But it was empha.
sized that the Vice President
hardly will wait until late
spring. as reported in some
quarters. to announce the OBJ
viouS.
The Vice President also plans
to keep scheduled speaking anc
Evening star., 1959-12-29

fair or unacceptable as a
matter of law" Judge Bryan
said, especially when "the same
kind of test is utilized for all
children irrespective of their
race"
Judge Bryan said that in one
case involving an application
for admission to Hammond
High, the decision was close but
he upheld the school board re-
lection of the student with the
comment that "the administra-
tive determination is entitled tc
have the doubts resolved in its
favor"
The students ordered into
Minnie Howard Elementary
were Judy Belk, 6, and Vickie
Belk, 8. of 4127 West Braddock
road; Deborah A. Brady, 6
Marie A. Brady, 9, and James
o Brady, IL, of HOO Quaker
lane.
Eva Ann Cooper, IL, AIS
South Royal street, was ordered
into Jefferson School; Betty
Lou Gaymon. Is, 124 Lincolnia
road, into Hammond High, and
her sister 10 Ann, 7, to Ramsay
Elementary.
Still pending before the
Fourth Federal Circuit Court of
Appeals is a case involving five
other Negro students whose
transfer requests were rejecte d
last year. They were among Il
who applied for transfer. Of
whom nine were ordered into
white schools by Judge Bryan
last February. The other five
are contesting their rejection by
the school board and Judge
Bryan.
Evening star., 1959-12-29
SocioIogist Says Rulers
Tend to Criminal Woys

than their European counter
parts.
But he holds out hope fol
change.
Now, he said, we are passing
through the end of a 600-yeal
period of culture in which ad-
vanced technology has pro-
duced power, violence and
crime in high places.
Very gradually the West
is calling and hoping for new
types of leaders and rulers who
combine a high moral sense
with sound scientific knowl-
edge"
If such leaders don't arise,
society is due for a very
stormy period in the years
ahead"
Evening star., 1959-12-29
Shrine Prayer Vigil
Slated Friduy Niqht

The Nocturnal Alteration So
ciety will hold a prayer vigil
from 10 pm. Friday to 6 am.
Saturday at the Shrine of the
Sacred Heart, Sixteenth street
and Park road NV.
Eighteen hundred members
from SO Washington Catholic
parishes will participate in
prayers for conversion of Soviet
leaders to Christianity and for
Gods blessings on the United
States.
Evening star., 1959-12-29

CHICAGO, Dec. 20 (AP).-
Rulers and bosses are generally
smarter - but more mentally
deranged-than other people, a
sociologist says.
And the moral behavior of
ruling groups tends to be more
criminal and subnormal, adds
Prof. Walter A. Lunden of Iowa
State University.
Ruling groups contain a
larger proportion of the ex-
treme mental types of the
gifted and the mentally sick
than the rank and file of the
ruled population" he told the
American Association for the
Advancement of Science.
The greater the power Of the
rulers, political leaders and big
Executives, the more corrupt
and criminal they tend to be,
Prof. Lunden said.
AS their power becomes lin
tied, "criminality of rulers and
executives tends to decrease
qualitatively and quantitative-
ly. When the power of the rul-
ing bodies is greatly limited,
their criminality may become
equal to or fall below that of
the ruled populations"
Not all leaders tend to show
higher rates of criminality, but
a great majority of them do" !"
he continued. "Present-day So
ciety tends to promote and to
advance to high positions GER
tain types of men"
/ Prof. Lunden listed three
such types:
THE inadequate psychopath,
placid and emotionally blunt
person, often taken for a pro-
found man.
THE aggressive obsessive-
compulsive boss, conceited, am
bilious, domineering and intol-
Grant.
"The ethically aberrant per-
sonality endowed with acute
intelligence, but morally willy
and cynical"
Prof. Lunden said these
viewpoints are borne out by all
the evidence concerning ruling
groups in Europe, Asia and
North and South America.
He said his conclusions were
based on an analysis of crimes
committees by kings, parlia-
mentary leaders and other high
officials in Europe against per-
sons, property and morals over
a number Of years.
Their rate of criminal acts
was Is to so per cent higher
than that of the average
person in those European coun-
tries, Mr.. Lunden said. He
added that crimes against per-
sons, such as murder, were
more frequent than crimes
against property.
In the United States, among
leaders in Government, fewer
were involved in murders than
in Europe, Mr.. Lunden said.
But in terms of fraud, embez-
element and similar offenses
leaders in this country COM
mitted far more such crimes
Evening star., 1959-12-29
STEEL
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
when the 80-day Injunction
expires January 26.
Mr.. Cooper. reviewing a
series of management offers
for settlement, vigorously de-
Tended their fairness. He con-
tended any bigger increases in
wages and fringe benefits
would be infiationary.
False Statements Charged
John H. Morse of Bethlehem
Steel and H. c. Lumb of Re-
public Steel, two other mem
bers Of the industry's four
man negotiating team, told the
board the union made a num-
ber of misleading statements
in its presentation yesterday.
Mr.. Lumb said the union is
circularizing employees with
patiently false publication"
seeking to mislead the workers
on the terms of the industry'S
settlement proposals. He said
such statements only erve to
inflame the employees and
worsen the steel labor deadlock.
Director Joseph F. Finnegan
Of the Federal Mediation and
Cancellation Service filed a
statement detailing his agency's
efforts to settl" the dispute.
He reported the Mediation
Service has held AZ joint meet
ings and Al separate meetings
with both sides.
Mr.. Finnegan disclosed in
his statement that the Media
ton Service had volunteered
to formulate public recommen-
dations for the settlement of
the dispute in the hope that
it would provide the frame
work within which the parties
could negotiate an agreement
there was no joint accept
ance Of this proposal"
The union yesterday labeled
the steel firms industrial isola-
tionistS" out of step with the
rest of American management.
Mr.. Mcdonald limited that
when the present injunction
expires, the union may strike
only part of the industry in a
divide and conquer strategy.
Asked to be specific on plans
for a renewed strike, Mr.. Nc
Donald said only would Ike
tell Khrushchev?"
Mr.. Cooper said he consid-
cred the notion of a selective
strike only academic because
the union has traditionally
conducted walkouts on an
industry-wide basis.
Mr.. Mcdonald said nobody
can accurately predict what the
union may do if there is no set
tlement when the injunction
runs out.
The exposition of the unions
side of the dispute yesterday
lacked any ray of hope for an
early settlement.
Mr.. Mcdonald said returns
from a union postcard straw
poll of workers are running
about 95 per cent in favor OF
rejecting the company offer
But he dispatched nearly q
hundred union subordinates tc
their home areas with instruc-
tions to "go to work to roll uI
as big a vote as possible against
the companies last offer"
I'D like to see a SO SO 100ths
vote against" Mr.. Mcdonald
told his subordinate union lead.
erS.
Evening star., 1959-12-29
BRITAIN STICKS
TO TEST BAN

LONDON, Dec. 20 (AP).-
Britain announced tonight it
will never resume nuclear
weapon tests as long as there
is a chance for a world ban.
A Foreign Office spokesman,
asked about President Eisen-
hower's statement in Augusta
today that the United States
considers itself free to resume
nuclear testing after an
nouncing its intentions to the
rest of the world, said:
THE British position on this
Evening star., 1959-12-29

question remains the same as
it was last July 80.
AT that time the govern
ment issued a statement in the
House of Commons stating that
as long as useful discussions
continue at the conference on
the discontinuance of nuclear
tests Tin Geneva) Her Majes-
tvs Government would not
propose to authorize the re-
sumption of testing"
Evening star., 1959-12-29

diplomats in Asia more con-
scious of the need for more
skillful diplomacy in the area
Further, in a negative sense,
senior officers have managed
to be discreet enough in their
involvement in local political
affairs to avoid serious public
controversies over American
interference.
After a visit to Far East
countries it is reasonable to
conclude that as long as the
Communist threat is clear and
as long as Americas mass
military diplomacy continues
TO be increasingly helpful to
the civilian professionals, then
Asian countries will remain as
firmly in the free world camp
as will countries anywhere else
in the world.
There are flaws in the pic.
ture of course. One wonders
whether it is good that the
American general in charge Of
military advice to one South
east Asian country is referred
to there as the vice president
And one finds some general,
and admirals eager to push 6
local strong man toward more
strength but shocked at the
suggestion they should push
him toward more democratic
methods.
Minority Still Do Job
Also. local people say it /,
still only a minority of the
American service personnel whit
really try to make friends II
the countries to which they
are assigned. 1t is interesting
to note that the country wnert
Americans have had the most
publiciZed troubles recently
the Philippines, is the one
where Americans have the
poorest reputation as mixers.
The official policy at the
Pacific Command headquarter:
in Honolulu is that American!
do not interfere in the national
affairs Of any country where
we have bases or training mis-.
sions. But the very existence
of the bases and training pro.
grams is an act of interference
The only question is how fal
the interference should go anC
how adroitly it shall be carried
out.
The Pacific Command boss
now Admiral Harry D. Felt. ha.
a State Department representa-.
tive with the rank of minister
attached to his staff. He il
obviously needed as the ad'
miral cannot discuss mis- iot
intelligenty without steppinf
onto diplomatic grounds.
Evening star., 1959-12-29
Horizontal Tree

On a japanese island is a
pine tree known as "the
Dragons Beard" 1t is only 2
feet high, but stretches IS feet
along the ground.
Evening star., 1959-12-29
TESTS

the detection of underground
nuclear explosions.
i Indeed, the atmosphere OF
the talks has been clouded by
the Incorporate and technically
unsupportable Soviet annex tC
the report Of the technical ex-
perts. The distinguished Amer
ican group of scientists who
compose the United States del
egation will make public from
the verbatim records Of the
conference the facts which will
completely refute this Soviet
document.
I'VE will resume negotiation:
in a continuing spirit of seek
ing to reach a Safeguardec
agreement. In the meantime
the voluntary moratorium or
testing will expire on December
81. Although we consider our
selves free to resume nucleal
weapon testing, we shall not
resume nuclear weapons tests
without announcing our inten-
ton in advance of any resump-
ton.
During the period of volun-
tary suspension Of nuclear
weapons tests the United
States will continue its active
program of weapon research
development and laboratory
type experimentation"
Position SOlidified
The new United States stand
was solidified in a conference
in a lounge adjoining Mr.
Eisenhower's Office at Augusts
National Golf Club. 1t lasted
an hour and a quarter.
Among those sitting in, were
Secretary of State Herter, Sec
retary of Defense Gates, the
chairman of the Atomic En-
ergy Commission, John A. Nc.
Cone. and Americas top ne
gotiators at the Geneva talks.
The latter are James ]. Wads-
worth and DR.. James B. Fisk.
Afterward. Mr.. Eisenhower
had a separate huddle with
Secretary Herter, Undersecre-
tary of State Douglas Dillon
Brig. Gen. Andrew j. Good.
paster, White House staff sec.
retary, and Mr.. Hagerty.
This went into State Depart
ment business, Mr.. Hagerty
said, including the setting of 6
new date for a summit confer.
ence with Soviet Premier
Khrushchev. Paris will be the
site and the Western allies have
agreed on May l6 as an accept
able date.
New Questions Studied
In the full-scale conference
various additional items othel
than the question of the bar
on nuclear weapons tests cam'
up, Mr.. Hagerty said. These in
cluded the 1860 nuclear pro
gram of the United States, h,
said, but nothing can be salt
publicly about the plans.
The conferees, Mr.. Hagert.
said, went into some of thI
matters Mr.. Eisenhower men
toned in his statement-weap
on research, development, ant
; laboratory-type experiments.
Mr.. Hagerty replied in tn,
negative to a question whethe
any date is in sight for startin,
up United States nuclear tests
! Mr.. EiSenhower's statemen
: said that it was a Russian an
: mex to a report of the technica
: experts at Geneva which wa
intemperate and technically un
supportable.
The scientists of the UniteC
States delegation. he said, "wil
} make public from the verbatim
records of the conference tn,
. facts which will completely re-
flute this Soviet document"
Hagerty said this will be dom
in the next few days through
DR.. Fisk and the State Depart
ment.
The 13 Washington partic,
| ipants in the conference at thC
. temporary White House tool
off for the Capital at 1885