davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08
Agree to Disagree

In substance. the communicate
reported only that there had been
no meeting of the minds on key
issues. But both did agree that
early negotiations were essential
II those key issues were to be
resolved. They also agreed that
efforts must be made to limit or
control both nuclear and conven-
tional ornaments "in an agreed
area Of Europe"-a clear refer
ence to Encouragement" and neu-
tralization of Central Europe
along the lines of the 1855 Eden
proposal and the more specific
Ranacki plan Of 1857.
On trade and cultural relations.
the two achieved a definite har-
mony. On the banning of nuclear
testing with effective interna-
tional controls" they agreed in
principle, although nothing in
the language Of the communique
indicated that the wide gulf now
separating East and West over
what is effective international
control" was any nearer to being
bridged.
Before the British visitors left.
Mr.. Khrushchev was reported to
have told a foreign diplomat that
his speech that cast a pail over
the high hopes prevailing at
the outset of the trip was "only
political" The Premier had ad-
dressed an election rally in the
Kalinin district of Moscow. where
he himself is candidate for the
Supreme Soviet.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08
A Kind of Acceptance

AS II to emphasize the point,
on Tuesday the Kremlin replied
to the Vests proposal for a
foreign ministers meeting with
a conditional acceptance. Mr..
Khrushchev, in scathing terms,
had fatty rejected with scorn
such a meeting in his election
speech. (See excerpts from the
Khrushchev text on Page ABB
But despite the formal acceptance,
the conditions attached have in
the past been turned down by
the West.
Once again the Soviet leaders
demanded parity with the West
in international conferences. Thus,
if the Soviet conditions are &C
cepted, the Foreign Ministers of
Poland and Czechoslovakia would
join the talks to balance the three
Western powers Britain, the
United States and France. AS
another condition, the Moscow
note repeated the demand that
the foreign ministers parley be
held to discuss the Soviet draft
for a peace treaty with East and
West Germany. And third con-
dltion was that the foreign min
isters' conference be considered a
preliminary to an early summit
meeting.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08

II believe" said a confident, ex-
pansive and genial Nikita Khru-
shchev Friday. there will be no
war. We must ban war. Peace
full trade is the well Of life, not
ornaments"
But If the shrewd and skillful
Soviet Premier seemed sure there
would be no war, his opposite
numbers in the West were plainly
much less confident.
There was obvious grave con-
Germ in the report British Prime
Minister Harold Macmillan made
to the House of Commons on the
results Of his trip to the Soviet
Union. And President Eisen-
hover. although less gloomy than
he had been the preceding week,
spoke seriously at his press con-
ference Of the continuing threat
to the peace.
Mr.. Macmillan ended his visit
to Russia and the Ukraine on
Tuesday on a somewhat warmer
note than had prevailed last week
end. Mr.. Khrushchev, perhaps
fearing that he had overreached
himself In chilling the at-first
warm and friendly welcome af-
forded the distinguished British
visitors. was again cordial. The
two statesmen met again for
further talks. and agreed on q
Joint communicate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08

President de Gaulle held an all
day conference Wednesday, Off
cial sources expressed informally
their expectation that a summit
meeting would follow a Foreign
Ministers session.
In Washington. there was less
certainty and a great deal more
reluctance. But Mr.. Eisenhower
took pains at his press conference
to correct an impression he had
given the previous week that there
was mo room for negotiations"
on the Berlin crisis. 'Of course.
1 always say there is room for
negotiation" he declared.
Mr.. Eisenhower added he
thought there was less rightly"
now in the Soviet position. He
also took the stand that any
mobilization Of United States
or NATO forces now would in
tensify rather than ease the in
ternational situation. In reply
ing to a newsman's question. Mr..
Eisenhower went to some length
to push aside, in effect. the pro-
posals made by former Secretary
of State Dean Acheson in a mag
azine article last week that quick
and large-scaie military mobiliza-
ton be effected to impress the
Soviet Union with Western de-
termination,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08

Dirksen, with House Speaker Ray
burn and G.. o. P. Floor Leader
Halleck, met first with the Presi.
dent and State Department Of
flcials. Later in the day eight
members of the Foreign Relations
and Armed Services Committees
Of both Houses were summoned.
The White House did not reveal
details of the talks, but Mr.. Eli
senhower is believed anxious that
the bipartisan support of the adj
ministration's policy be strength
ened. particularly in the absence
Of Mr.. Dulles.
Prime Minister Macmillan plans
to visit Chancellor Adenauer in
Bonn and President de Gaulle in
Paris for discussions of his Mos
COW trip and to plan for the
coming negotiations with the
Soviet Union.
On March 10 the Prime Minister
will fly to Washington for two
or three days Of talks with Mr..
Eisenhower and State Department
officials.
Il am quite certain we shall
be able to concert a Western
policy which will be firm and yet.
/ hope. flexible enough to reach
a successful conclusion to any
negotiations" Mr. Macmillan said
yesterday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08

set by most States on jobless
benefits is too short in times of
economic stress. The emergency
extension is scheduled to expire
April /.
With 4,724 900 workers still un-
employed at last count, the cost
of the emergency program is cur
rently estimated at $400 million a
year. There is no provision in
the Eisenhower budget for con-
tinuing the additional Federal
payments beyond April /.
Il don't think this is the time
to put the Federal Government
back into thing of this kind 3.
when we are on a curve of rising
prosperity" the President ex-
planned at a recent news confer
ence.
Most Democrats disagree. Last
week the Democratic leadership
in the House agreed to support
one-year extension of the emer-
gency program, and to press for
passage before Congress takes its
Easter recess.
Several more moderate and less
costly proposals are under con-
sideration by the administration,
Continued on Page AIS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08

parley. Once again the early date
suggested by the Soviet leaders
impressed observers with the obvi-
GUS sense Of urgency prevailing in
Moscow. Plainly, the Soviet Union
was ID determined on quick nego-
tiations. and l2) in a position to
bring them about on Soviet terms.
Mr.. Khrushchev few to Leipzig
In East Germany on Wednesday
to visit the famous Leipzig Trade
Fair. To many diplomats. the
trip was principally an additional
prod to the West to hurry talks
on the Berlin and German ques-
tons. On his arrival. he told a
crowd Of Leipzigers that the So
Wet Union would go ahead and
sign peace treaty with East Ger
many whatever the Western atti-
tude.
But the next day the Khru-
shchev attitude was softer, in a
sense. Significantly. he observed
that the May q headline" the
Kremlin had placed for turning
over Soviet occupation functions
in Berlin to the East German re-
gime was not infiexible.
We are not trying to carry out
an ultimatum policy" he declared,
"One talks about May q as a
deadline. II We negotiate reason
ably. let 1t be May n or June n
or on into July. We have no need
to make haste. But we do want
to solve the problem"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08
Washington Is Surprised

The recent disclosure that Mr..
McElroy plans to return to private
life sometime within the next few
months caught Washington by
surprise. 1t has also provoked re-
newed criticism Of the practice of
recruiting business executives Of
Mr.. McElroy's stature for rela-
lively brief assignments in Gov
eminent that hardly give them
time to learn their jobs.
Putting the question to Mr.. Eli
senhower at the Presidents news
conference last Wednesday, a re-
porter noted:
1.-THE argument is that Mr.. nc
Elroy Is thinking about leaving
just about the time he has caught
on to the job.
THE argument goes further
that a successor. If he is another
businessman. will just about have
caught on to the job when your
administration comes 20 an end"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08
In Africa:
Strife

Nationalist unrest in NyaSaland
and Southern Rhodesia brought a
determined breakdown last week.
Police and security forces clashed
with milling crowds of natives
protesting the arrest and deporta-
ton Of DR.. Hastings Banda.
American-educated physician who
has long been the revered leader
Of the nationalist movement.
On Tuesday an official state Of
emergency was proclaimed for N.Y.
ashland. Armored cars with gun
turretS, heavily armed troops, and
squadron of Vampire jet fighters
kept a precarious peace in the
capital city of Blantyre. At Mach
inga, about As miles from the capi-
tai, security forces fired into
crowd at road block, killing five
The death toll in NyaSaland riot
ing since the state of emergency
was proclaimed rose to 35, with So
wounded. Few firearms have ap-
PCoACA AL 81
spears, hatchetS and rocks serve
as weapons.
In johannesburg, South Africa,
security police raided the homes
of Nyasas for evidence of nation
aliSt activity. The illegal Nyasa.
land National Congress organiza-
ton is believed to be operating
from Johannesburg. but the raid
erS made no arrests. In Southern
RhodeSia an uneasy quiet pre-
vailed. with most of the known
Nationalist leaders still held in
prison pens. Meanwhile, the lights
in London government offices
burned late as officials sought a
way to curb violence in Africa
without suppression of orderly
nationalist activity. (See story by
Alec de Montmorency on Page
ABB
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08

to my mind" he added, mot only
futile, but this would be the most
disastrous thing we could do"
In October, 1857, when the first
Soviet Sputnik scared into orbit
and rocked the Vests sense of
security. there were many predic-
tons made that the balance-of-
power in the military sense had
shifted to the Communist bloc.
Present indications appear to bear
out those evaluations. For the
Soviet Union is acting with cool
confidence and single-mindedneSs
that did not prevail on earlier
occasions. Mr.. Macmillan is said
to have warned his own country
men and his allies as well that.
in his opinion. Mr.. Khrushchev
really meant business. There
seemed. in any case. to be little
doubt that the initiative in the
current crisis is entirely in the
hands of the Kremlin.
What the West can or will do
in an attempt to regain the initia-
tive defies speculation. There is
obviously no effective united stand
among the four Western allies
Immediately concerned in the
Berlin crisis-Britain, France. the
United States and West Germany
on what steps to pursue. Bonn
and Paris are reported to be in
SiSting on a rigid position of no
yielding. no compromise. to the
Soviet demands on Berlin. Lon
don clearly favors negotiations
and q flexible" policy. In the
absence of Secretary Of State
Dulles and the virtual silence Of
the State Department. the United
States position at the moment
cannot be safely surmiSed.
On Friday the President called
in the key men in Congress for
a White House discussion of the
international situation. Senate
Majority Leader Lyndon johnson
and Minority Leader Everett
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08
Latin America:
Los Yonquis

A glib article in the South
American edition of the magazine
Time set off three days of rioting
in La Paz, the capital of Bolivia
last week. The Time story quoted
an unidentified United States EN-
bassy official as advising that Bo-
livia be abolished and her terri
tory given to her neighbors.
Angry crowds of demonstrators,
mostlv youthful. stoned the Amer
lean Embassy. the United States
Information Agency Offices, and
everything American they could
see. Bolivian Army units placed
all embassy and USIA personnel
under armed protection at a mill
tary base outside the city. USIA
offices in Cochabamda and Orua
were also stoned.
In another Latin American de-
velopment, it was announced in
Havana last week Premier Fidel
Castro. leader of the revolt UnaG
overtnreW Dictator Fulgencia
Batista, would visit the United
States unofficially at the invita-
ton of the American Society of
Newspaper Editors on April II.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08
Anniversary
For Royburn

The Bull Moose" split of 1912
brought catastrophe to the Re-
publican Party. 1t put Woodrow
Wilson In the White House and
Democrats in control of both
houses Of Congress.
Standing on what he regarded
as the threshold of a new Dem
ocratic era. MIR. Wilson yielded
to poetic impulse in the inaugural
address he delivered from the
Capitol steps March 4. 1913:
THE feelings with which we
face this new age Of right and
opportunity sweep across our
heartstrings like some air out Of
Gods own preSense y
His audience included a 81
year-old Texas Democrat sworn
in as a newly elected member OF
the House of Representatives the
same day.
Last Wednesday Sam Rayburn.
the young Congressman from
Texas. passed an historic mile
stone. He completed his 46th
year in the House and, starting
his 47th. setting new record
for length of service by House
members.
The old record was held by the
late Speaker Joseph Cannon. Re-
publican Of Illinois. Senator
Hayden. Democrat Of Arizona.
who came to Washington a year
ahead Of Mr. Rayburn. holds the
record in the Senate.
tits been quite a romantic 46
years." reminisced Bachelor Ray
burn, who has also served longer
as Speaker than anyone in the
history Of the Republic.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08
The U. Ms Outpost in Jerusalem
SponsMore Than ime ondSpoce

into the Pacific Ocean. Why not
compose your differences"
The implication that there is
any similarity between the con-
duct of Israel and Red China is,
of course. one which no Israeli
could accept. He would point out
that 1t was the Arab states which
invaded Israel in 1913. not Israel
the Arab states.
But to the Arab, the compare
son is valid; and the point is that
in this state of mind. peace and
co-existence come to seem Synony-
nous with appeasement and sur
render.
Nor does Israel always make the
problem simpler for its adversary.
Centuries Of persecution and 10
years of feeling besieged have left
raw nerves which, when combined
with the Old Testament philoso-
ply of IAN eye for an eye" often
make Israel quick to vengeance,
unyielding in negotiation, and slow
to magnanimity.
The Arab probably would not
admit it. but much of his bitter
ness stems from defeat on the
battlefield, just as a significant
part of American bitterness
against Red China stems from the
frustrating Stalemate in Korea.
To the man in the street, an
ill-def1ned desire to even old
scores is all there is to it when he
says there is unfinished bust
ness" to be settled before peace can
be made. To the. more sophisti-
Gated diplomat, the phrase "un-
finished business" means that a
detente, an easing of tension, is a
commodity desired by the adver-
Sary, not to be given for nothing
but to be traded, sold for a diplo-
matte price, at some future oar
gaining table. Until then the
capacity to give or withhold the
commodity must be preserved
intact.
Extremism on Both Sides
There are hundred complicat-
ing factors. Assassination is still a
weapon of pressure in the Arab
world through which the extren-
list can impose his will on the
government. ExtremiSm on both
sides often links with nationaliSm
in unholy alliance. The cold war
Continued on Page A-2e
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08
Must Balance BUDGET

He hammered again on the
necessity Of keeping the budget
in balance, q subject that he has
taken up repeatedly in an accel-
Grated schedule Of informal "drop-
in" speeches in the last few weeks.
Since the resignation Of Mr..
Adams, the President has in
creased his appointment schedule,
seeing more members of Congress
and other White House callers
than in the past. His recent trip
to Mexico involved q wearing
round Of diplomatic discussion
and Misunderstanding.
The cumulative burden Of ac-
tivity is the heaviest shouldered
by Mr.. Eisenhower since his heart
attack in 1855.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08
May Meet in April

Moscow suggested April as tn,
time, and either Vienna or Genev;
as the place, for the foreign min
isters' conference. Previously, the
Russians had proposed Warsaw or
Prague, both capitals of Commu-
mist bloc nations, as the site for
the next high-level East-WeSt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08

serve out the remaining three
and one-half years in President
Eisenhoweris second term.
The former president Of the
Proctor & Gamble Soap Co.
had no previous Pentagon or Gov
eminent experience. He had a
highly esteemed reputation as a
business executive. but it was ex-
pected to be year before he could
function with the full effective
ness of experience in the Nations
top military post.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08

cy. each for different reasons ia
voring the plan-voted on Noven-
Der 30. l947, to partition Palestine
into a Jewish and an Arab state.
with the city of Jerusalem an in
ternational enclave.
Much has happened since then:
A war, a series of precarious
truces, and briefly. in 1856, an
other war. Nearly l million Arab
refugees, victims of the first fight
ing, have added fourth dimen-
sion of pathos and difficulty to the
problem. Arab nationalism has
been inflamed; communism has
seen the opportunity and is ex-
plotting it.
What Will Time Prove?
One hundred years from now,
will the U. N. be able to stand
before the judgment of history
and hear the verdict: you did
right. You remedied the greater
injustice when you gave the tor
tured Jewish people a home?
Or will it hear: You did wrong.
You started 100 years Of hatred.
conflict and bloodshed. You
opened up a potentially rich and
strategic Arab world to commu-
niSm"?
The verdict, of course, has yet
to be written. Much will depend
on how we'll the U. N. makes peace
here on this hillside. The outside
world. which yearns to see wounds
healed, urges Arab and Jew to live
together as the Semitic brothers
which, in point of fact. they are.
But it is not that simple. I can
still hear the intensity with which
Thabet Khalidi, acting chief U. N.
delegate of Jordan, told me in
New York: IF you are in favor of
peace in Palestine, you are anti
Arab. Peace under present condi-
tions would rob us of justice"
The Western world says to the
Arab: Israel is an historic fact.
You cannot pretend she is not
there; you cannot drive her into
the sea. Why not compose your
differences"
Comparison With China
The Arab says to the United
States: Red China is an historic
fact. You cannot pretend she is
not there; you cannot drive her
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08
On Surprise Attack

Mr.. Eisenhower also threw
cold water on proposals that the
bombers of the Strategic Air Com
mand be placed on a 24-hour
flying basis as a protection
against surprise attack. Such
move, urged by Air Force officers
and by some members of Congress
as well. would be really worse
than useless" as a defense against
bombing, the President said.
And general mobilization. he
added, would open the door to
a garrison state" This is,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08

In the West. there was virtually
unanimous opinion among diplo-
mats that negotiations over the
Berlin question. and even a sum-
nit conference. we're almost in
evitable. Mr.. Macmillan openly
urged again. after his return to
London. early negotiations. And
in Paris, where West German
Chancellor Adenauer and French
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08

Presidents two "inexpendable"
aides. The illness Of Mr.. Dulles
has. by necessity, greatly reduced
the burden carried by the other.
AS an inevitable result. Mr.. Eli
senhower's own role in the d.
rection Of the administration has
expanded perceptibly in recent
weeks. particularly in foreign
policy.
Last week the President held
his seventh weekly news confer
ence in a row, near-record In
recent years. He answered a
broad range Of questions on in
ternational affairs. some Of O de-
tailed diplomatic nature that
would normally have been put to
Mr., Dulles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08
ThePresidency:
Increased Pace

Through most of his first six
years in the White House, Mr..
Eisenhower leaned most heavily
on two key members of his Off
cial family, Sherman Adams and
Secretary Dulles.
The departure of Mr.. Adams
last fall expended one of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08
The Economy::
Benefits

During the 1858 recession Con-
gress enacted emergency legisla-
ton extending the duration of
unemployment benefits for most
workers from 26 to 80 weeks.
The action carried the implica-
ton that the 26-week maximum
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Turnoverin Cabinet
Adds to Our Woes

Henry Knox George washngons Secretary Of War; had the
misfortune to in cabinet that included and
Alexander Hamilton
Overshadowed by his lustrious contemporaries
history not large He attained distinction however that
likely to survive.
Secretary Of Defense for 10 longer than
Of his Sc in either post Appointed under the Articles
Of Confederation in 1885, he the capacity
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08
Turnover in Secretaries

Despite, or perhaps because, Of
the completely Of the job. the
turnover in Defense Secretaries
has been among the highest in any
cabinet post since the position
was created in l947.
President Truman had four
Secretaries Of Defense: James v.
Forrestal. Louis A. johnson, Gen.
George c. Marshall and Robert A.
Lovett. None Of them served
longer than 20 months.
Charles E. Wilson established
the record for permanency in Of
flee, remaining for four and one
half years, from the start Of the
Eisenhower administration until
August, 1857.
1t was assumed that his sue
cessor. Neil H. McEroy. would
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-08

Washington. remaining on the Job
until 1895.
The colossal scope Of Americas
military activities today would
have been incomprehensible to
Gen. Knox. whose most serious
problems in office were the
Whiskey Rebellion and periodic
Indian campaigns.
The job Of Secretary of Defense
is certainly the most complex In
the Federal Government today.
It embraces a staggering array of
duties and responsibilities that ex-
tend around the globe and into
almost every phase Of the domestic
economy.