davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-04-22

Section 20. For every 200 members the lodges shall
vote after elected Delegate considered Alter
nate Each lodge shall have the right to elect Delegate
determined BY it's membership at the end Of March
Lodges, members, that accepted into the Gro
attain Fraea Union after March 31st of the Convention
year shall have right to vote for Delegate nor do they
pay any Convention assessment.
transfer must not be issued anyone after March
81 In Convention and not until elections Tor Dee
gates concluded by the lodge
Section 21 At the May meeting the lodges shall des-
gnate the voting time and elect three or more VINO
shall conduct the election The elections must be by secret
ballot If ballots cast than checked by the
Judges such baoting shall be void and vote taken
Section 22. Voting time for Delegates must not exceed
hours Members arriving at the designated place during
that time shall have the right to vote The judges must
keep correct list of all members who voted and must
that votes more than once.
Section 23. Every candidate for Delegate may name
watcher from among the members, notify the lodge
the members at the meeting Should the lodge refuse the
candidate this privilege the election shall be void The can
are Counted and shall have the right to inspect same
Should the watcher conduct himself in an improper
interfere with the procedure Of the election the
watcher, and name a substitute in his place.
Section "a. The lodge fill out the official cleo
ton return received the Home Office properly sign
the same affx thereto Seal lodge and return to
the Home Office Immediately The result of the election for
Delegates and Aternates shall be recorded in the lodge
Minutes.
Section 25 The Executive Board shall consider only
those complaints which filed within days after the
properly filed protest only after thoroughly investigating
the through the lodge or lodges involved
IF the candidate is not satisfied with the decision OF
Executive Board he may appeal to the Convention, and
the Convention does not uphold the appeal such candi-
date bear his expenses incident to such appeal
Section 26. Upon the request of lodge candidate,
the Executive Board is dutybound to give impartial advice
election Of Delegates and Alternates.
Requirements Of Candidates for Delegate
Section a. Requirements of Candidates for Delegate
are as follows:
A. Candidate must have been member of the Gro
attain Faterna Union at least two years. except in cases
where lodge does exist for that length Of time When
several lodges elect Delegate jointly member of any
one of such combined lodges may be a candidate
b. Must be citizen Of the United States or Canada.
g. Must not have been convicted by the High Trial
Board for misappropriatng lodge or coatian Faternal
Union funds 7L't
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-04-22

Radakovic; Ivan vlasic; Bara
Balincic; Juro Mateljan and
MILO Puzak.
Dancing following the Pro-
gram will be to the music Of
the Greyko Tamburitzans.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-04-22

IN COMPLIANCE WITH the Bylaws of the
Croatian Fraternal Union, Section 5, and in
accordance with the mandate of the Ninth
Convention held at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
in September, 1855, the Tenth Quadrennial Con-
vention of the Croatian Fraternal Union of
America will take place in September of this
year in the City of Detroit, Michigan.
Complying with the decree of the Ninth
Convention, and in keeping with the By
Members and Lodges of the Croatian Frater-
nal Union to elect Delegates for the Tenth
Convention, which will convene on Monday
morning, September 21, 1859, in the Statler
Hotel, Grand Circus Park at Washington
Boulevard, Detroit 81, Michigan.
Every Lodge must nominate Candidates at
it's regular meeting in the month of May and con-
duct an election for Delegates in the month of
June. The members must be notified in writing,
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-04-22

gram Of good sources. 1t will
mean much work, believe me,
but with your help I know
we can do it.
Violet ROncevic, Mgr.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-27
Stupid and Tragic

With the Number of paralytic cases
already almost double the total recorded
for the same period in 1858, it now be-
gins to look as though this will be the
worst poliomyelitis year in the United
States since the introduction of the Salk
vaccine in 1855. In their own way, as the
Public Health Service has indicated, the
statistics serve as a grim commentary
on the folly of many millions of Ameri-
cans who have failed to arm themselves
and their children with the vaccine's
protection.
This failure amounts to a stupid
and tragic form of negligence. The
multiple-shot Salk treatment, of course,
does not absolutely guarantee to pre-
vent the disease in everybody who has
sense enough to be inoculated. But
it definitely does reduce, by between IS
and 80 per cent, the probability of con-
tracing paralytic polio. That is why
Americans who fail to avail them
selves of the safeguard may rightly be
described as their own and their chill
drens worst enemies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-27
Clearer School Picture

The principal effect OF Judge Bry-
ans ruling in the Arlington school case
is to formalize criteria for pupil assign
ment on a basis which creates no un-
manageable problems for the county's
school system.
For the coming year, the school
board is ordered to enroll IL more Negro
children in formerly all-white schools.
Seven of these will be admitted to STRAIT
ford Junior High, which absorbed four
colored students last year without diff
Guilty. OF the remaining five, four will
60 to Washington and Lee High School
and one to Patrick Henry Elementary
School. Ten requests for reaSSignment
were rejected by the board for academic
reasons or because the applicants live
outside the attendance area of the school
to which they sought admission, and the
court upheld this action.
In net effect, the assignment criteria
used in Arlington have been upheld for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-27
Doing All Right

1t may be that between now and
next Sunday, when he will leave the
Soviet Union for two-day visit to Po-
land, Vice President Nixon will stub his
toe in one way or another, but the pos
Sibility seems remote. At any rate,
judging from the reports thus far, he
has been carrying out his difficult mis-
sion with a fine mixture of personal
grace, dignity, articulateneSS and good
humored informally Of sort that has
elected spontaneous and hearty APP
plause from the Russian man in the
street.
In fact, despite their somewhat
sharp remarks to each other at the
opening of the American exhibition in
Moscow, Nikita Khrushchev himself APP
pears to have been very favorably i'm
pressed by Mr.. Nixon, and he has gone
out of his way-at his dacha and else
where-to play the role of good and
friendly host. OF course, in terms Of
easing international tension and i'm
proving relations between the United
States and the USSR, this may mean
much or little; it all depends on whether
anything worthwhile results from the
Premier'S and Vice Presidents private
talks on such questions as Berlin and
possible summit conference.
AS to that, only time will tell Mean
while, Mr.. NiXon-together with his wife,
who has been playing an admirable role
at a different level-has a full week
ahead of him in the Soviet Union.
Thereafter, on invitation from the Pol
iSh President, he will go to Warsaw. This
is surprise addition to his itinerary,
and it may have more than little sig
niflcance in relation to MoScow'S indig-
nant complaints about our dubious and
poorly timed Captive Nations Week"
After all, Poland is classified as such
nation, but we are giving it a consider
able amount of aid as Communicated
land that has won a measure of indie
pendence from the Kremlin.
Accordingly, since his projected Pol
ish trip thus involves delicate diplomatic
standings, and since he faces several
more days of visiting and talking in the
USSR, Mr.. Nixon may yet run into some
difficulties. But he has been doing all
right up to now, and even better than
all right. and the world has reason to
hope that the net effect of his efforts
will be an improvement in American
Soviet relations and some progress to-
ward a decent peace If he succeeds in
that sense, our politicians here at home,
in both parties, will have quite figure
to reckon with.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-27
ALEXANDRIA, Va.

"Dear Sir:
do you think there is
anything to this business Of
reading the dictionary? I see
ads of prominent men who
profess to read dictionaries
for fun, and I wonder if it
would help me.
80 far, I have not been
able to work up much enthu-
siasm for dictionary reading.
In the first place, they are
too large and heavy. They
are hard to handle, and al
most impossible to move. If
they are small, they never
have what you are trying to
find.
II have always thought
dictionaries ought to be able
to tell one how to spell a
word as well as what it
means. Dictionaries only tell
you how to spell it after you
have found it, and my diff
ficulty often is that I do not
know how to find it in the
first place.
II thought maybe you
would have some ideas on
this subject, as you have on
most other subjects, from
time to time.
Sincerely, H. F. E."
y Il
Reading dictionaries is not
done in the usual way OF
reading a novel.
It is more on the order Of
deSultory reading, here a bit,
there a bit.
One turns to the big book
for a woodland it is a good
thing if one knows how to
spell it-and the eye some
how drops down the page.
This is what is meant when
we are told some prominent
novelist or other loves to
read the dictionary"
Only a few persons, in
world history. have ever de-
liberately read the dictionary
as a book.
Sometimes it is done, by
young people, and a good
idea it is, too, for they need
more and more words, just
as they need more and more
money, as who doesn't in this
age.
But for all others. reading
the dictionary is a matter of
dropping down as the eve
catches : word below.
Then one may go on to
read, word after word, to find
out something, almost in
variably, one did not know
before.
If you look for "guano," for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-27

the second time, provided only that they
are applied evenly to all children. AS a
practical matter, the residence of child
in relation to attendance areas energies
as principal basis for refusal to assign
a colored child to an all-white or pre-
dominantly white school. This I'M
doubtedly will bring some additional
indignation in future years. School
Board Chairman I. Lee Bean surely is
right, however, in saying that Arlington
will accept it without disturbance"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-27
Department of UrbicuIture

The public hearings recently held
on both sides of Capitol Hill on bills to
set up a Cabinet-rank Department Of
Urban Affairs are encouraging evidence
that Congress is awakening at last
to the difficult growth problems being
faced in metropolitan areas across the
Nation. Some 10 per cent of the Ameri-
can people are cropping with the head
aches of the burgeoning metros, and
the fact that this stable number OF
people also are constituents accounts,
of course, for Congress interest. The
surprising thing, however, is that the
legislature has taken so long to come
around.
Witness after witness, representing
all parts of the United States, took the
stand to plead for Federal guidance and
assistance in the knotty struggles to
coordinate metro growth, rebuild the
deteriorating central cores of cities and
somehow maintain both economic and
social well-being in the helter-S SHELTER
chaos of development. Each region, Of
course, has it's own problems. But in
each there is the same basic deficiency
the lack of political machinery effec-
tive enough to operate entire regions
instead of small, self-contained juris-
dictionS.
We doubt that any serious consid-
Grafton will be given Immediately to
the pleas for Department of Urban
Affairs-a major Federal agency which
would do for cities what the Agriculture
Department does for farms. No one
seems to know precisely what such
department would do, and certainly no
real case has been made for the idea.
A more realistic proposal, which de-
serves wide support, is the appeal for
high-level commission, appointed by
the President to study the metro Situa-
ton in terms of defining the specific
role of the Federal government.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-27

bers vote in a prestrike bal
loting on a contract without
wage increases? Lawrence all
but says in so many words
they would vote for such a
contract! Logic and all la
bor-management experience
indicate the contrary.
Most union members vote
with their leaders in contract
disputes with management.
The wartime Smith Connal-
ly Act elections overwhelm-
ingly proved this. The early
Taft-Hartley Act union-shop
elections had the same re-
suit in such a great proper
ton of cases, by such deci-
sive margins, that the TIL
requirement for such cleo
tons was repealed.
The theory of workers held
captive by unions and Of
strikes forced by union
bosses" is useless in dealing
with the steel strike, but the
steel strike or any other is
useful to propagandists like
Lawrence in pushing that
theory as a means of hurt
ing unions.
M. X. Am5erg.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-27
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Probing Mysterious Origin of Life
By THOMAS r. HEINZ

and that between SINGLE
celled and many-celled or
ganisms.
Growth occurs only in a
stage Of the life cycle con-
sisting Of independent single
cells. These divide over and
over again, becoming literally
billions OF individuals in a
single colony. Each micro
scopic individual presumably
is completely self-sufficient.
II it had to 1t could live alone
and like 1t.
But eventually the period
OF cell division, or growth,
comes to an end. Why this
happens nobody knows. No
life, after all, is immortal
not even that of the SINGLE
celled protozoan or bacterium.
Differentiation Process
But with the slime molds,
as soon as the growth stage
stops the vast numbers Of
single cells aggregate to form
an entirely different sort OF
organism-a plant or fungus
which, like a man, needs all
sorts of highly differenti-
ated kinds of cells to exist.
The process of differentia-
ton proceeds apace. 1t could
not proceed. plant physiolo-
gistS have determined, with
out the presence Of the mys-
FERROUS hormone, acrasin. A
plant, or fungus, sometimes
fairly large, results from the
amalgamation and differen-
tiation. 1t now is a fair guess
that much the same process
goes on in the formation If
the human embryo, or the
embryo of any other multi
celled organism.
THE slime molds," says
a NH report, "offer an APP
pealing model system for a
biochemical approach to diff
ferentiation because any BIZ
ochemical changes occurring
during differentiation are
neither confused by nor de-
pendent upon biochemical
changes a accom- panying
growth. The initial aggre-
cation Of amoebae into the
multicellular unit is, after
all. one of the primary causes
Of differentiation"
At intervals in the history
Of modern plant and ami
NAL classification students Of
slime molds have maintained
that the life histories of
these creatures offer an ex-
cellent argument that all
cellular life, plant and ami
NAL, had a common origin.
The idea that plants and
animals really belong to one
great kingdom now is gain
ing increasing acceptance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-27
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

instance, famous 1ertlllZer
from bird ejecta, you eye
guar" and you wonder what
that is.
You discover that guar is
a drought-resistant legume,
grown for its seed, and for
fodder.
The big book says that the
word guar" is from the
Hindu "guar!" Dictionaries,
even the largest, usually do
that sort Of thing.
Sometimes guar is called
cluster bean, so put that in
the back Of your mind, be-
cause guar flour is now used
in a reducing supplement as
bulk.
The beauty of going
through the dictionary, the
bigger the better, every now
and then, is that it does add
immensely to the vocabulary.
Actually, the number Of
words in the big books is as
Economical, as they say.
About 100000, and most Of
us use from 1000 to 10000.
The more words one really
knows. the better his ideas,
when he tries to talk or write.
This is the intellectually,
one is no better off, no matter
how many words he knows, if
somehow he does not recall
them at exactly the right
time.
1t is familiarity that does
the trick, and that is where
looking over dictionaries,
from time to time, is one of
the best of all tricks for an
intelligent man or woman.
Y y
One is forced to say, at
once, that so many people
nowadays do not seem to be
intelligent!
Else why this incessant
smashing of motor car into
motor car. this business of
taking the foot patrolman
off the streets of our great
cities in the very age when
they are needed most, this
business of trying to be all
things to all men the world
around and really succeeding
in none?
Reading" the dictionary
is good for all of us. but we
do not mean sitting down,
holding such a big book for
hours at a time, and then
pretending that we have
got great enjoyment out of it.
A dictionary is not that
kind of a book.
A dictionary is something
good to 60 to when our mind
hurts. If we use it rightly, we
will find help there
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-27

In the beginning, a few
billion years ago, one-celled
organisms-plant or animal
appeared on earth.
That was the beginning
OF terrestrial life. Biochem-
lists a few years hence may
be able to describe the proc
esses by which 1t came about.
They already have made
considerable progress In this
direction.
The independent one-celled
organisms amalgamated and
differentiated. They COM
bined to form giant oaks and
whales. They differentiated
into bark cells and brain
cells. Determination Of how
this happened will be a long.
long step towards under
standing Of the mystery Of
life. Quite likely 1t never will
be accomplished.
Plant or Animal?
But there is a weird race,
Of plant animals. They may
be found on fallen leaves In
the garden on dank autumn
evenings. They are the slime
molds." They start life as
hordes of countless one
celled animals. These hordes
move and fight as units al
though there is no known
organic connection between
the minute organisms Of
which they are composed.
Then, rather abruptly, they
become big, quiescent plants.
Biologists are not agreed
whether to place them in the
plant or animal kingdom.
The Transformation from
animal to plant and from a
single-celled to a multi
celled organism is activated.
it has been known for some
years. by a chemical, acrasin.
1t is one of the hormones, or
closely related to them. Pre-
Sumably it was confined in
nature to slime molds.
Now National Institutes
Of Health biochemists have
just discovered some of the
stuff in the urine of pregnant
women. 1t is not known else
where, except in the slime
moldS. 1t now is a fair pre-
sumption, however, that it
exists throughout animal life.
The slime molds are a
group Of more than 300
quite common but secretive
creatures found in a great
diversity of form and color
in damp woodlands all over
the world. Up to now they
have been primarily of philo-
sophical interest. They seem
to bridge two great gaps in
the living world-that be-
tween animals and plants
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-27
Disputes Lawrence

David Lawrence blameS
union bosses" for strikes, on
the fancied ground that the
members don't want them
and are forced to strike
against their will. On July
IS, Lawrence advocates the
administrations mandatory
prestrike vote proposal-os-
tensibly to avert strikes
such as the current steel dis
pute, but really, I believe,
because this is a correlative
of the union boss" theory.
This column contains a
paragraph refuting Law
rence's own thesis:
THE absence of democra-
cy in the labor unions makes
it possible for ambitious die
tators to WELD autocratic
power. Thus in the steel
workers union :" (The
juxtaposition of ideas leads
the unwary to suppose that
the steel workers Dictator
president forced a strike; pre-
vious paragraphs refer to ia
Dor union bosses" and to no
chance now for employees to
vote in secret on corporation
contract terms. But no, the
whole sentence reads:
THUS in the steel workers
union it is believed that.
David Mcdonald, president,
would have negotiated a set
tlement before this but fears
the tactics of rival candidates
within his big union who
can distort the issue and
blame him for not getting
wage increases.
What does this mean? 1t
means to anyone but Law
renee that Mcdonald insists
on more for his members
because Mcdonald believes
that the members want more
and would replace him if he
settles cheaply, on the terms
offered by the corporations
and preferred by Lawrence.
If this is so, and Mcdonald
is any judge Of his members
wishes, how would the men,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-27

@. What is the definition
of "decennial census period?
NV.
A. In general usage the
term refers to the period in
which the 10-year U. S. Gen.
sus is being taken. Officially,
the term refers to two spe-
cif1c periods: The eight
months in which tabulation
of total population by States
r%lSt be completed, and the
three years in which reports
on all other census questions
must be completed. The next
decennial census taking
starts on January l. 1860;
tabulatlon of population must
be completed by September
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-27
The Color Line

A chlld'S question is al
ways direct and to the point.
I believe this merits a direct
and truthful answer suited
to the ability to understand,
of the child. Recently the
son of DR.. Ralph Bunche had
to learn a lesson that Ne
groes learn just as they
learn to talk and to walk.
But there's quite a differ
ence between fifteen and
four years of age.
At breakfast my little girl
overheard a newscast con-
corning a neighborhood
beach turning away a group
Of Indians. She asked, why
can't the Indians go swim
ming, too?" She knows one
must use his arms and legs
to swim, and she knows that
Grandma has arms and legs
and she is an Indian.
I explained that the In
dams were turned away
simply and only because they
were Indians and there were
some people who thought to
be born Chinese or Indian or
Negro made you different
I also told her that these
people didn't learn or teach
their children anything
about the many people that
live in the world besides us.
And perhaps they didn't
know that the Chinese and
Indians and other darker
peoples made up most of the
world, and if they decided to
treat the minority as they
had been treated it would be
quite sad.
So citizens of the Cauca-
sian race" sit and think
how it would feel to tell your
little one someday that he
was turned away because of
his blue eyes or blond curlS,
or because he was white and
others believed that the blood
in his veins was that of a
race Of towards.
AmarylliS M. Harper.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-27

80; reports on other ques-
tons must be completed by
the end of 1862.
@. Where are the Grand
Banks fishing groundS?-
c. G.
A. This name is given to
the submerged plateau which
skirts the coast of New
foundland for about 200
miles, and extends out INTO
the Atlantic Ocean for SOD
miles. Great schools of fish,
especially herring and cod.
are attracted by the profuse
marine life which develops
there because of the sun
filled, comparatively shallow
$50 to 100 fathoms) water.