davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-10
DAVID LAWRENCE
Freedom of Association Right

ity OF education itself. The
argument was made by the
court that there has TO be a
mingling Of minds. and that
to separate students by race
is TO create q sense OF inte-
riority.
1t is this combination Of
social and educational fac
tors which has really caused
the bitterest controversy, as
well as given rise TO express
Sions on the part Of many
lawyers and jurists that the
Constitution was properly in
terpreted years ago when 1t
was held that the States, and
not the Federal Government,
should decide who shall or
shall not be admitted to q
particular public school.
In a sense. DR.. Ralph
Bunche. prominent Negro
who is q United Nations Of
flcial, recognized the other
day the legality Of private
discrimination. While con-
ceding that q private club
may exclude whom 1t pleases
from membership, he went
on to denounce as shocking
in New York City" the re-
fusal Of the West Side Tennis
Club to grant membership to
himself or to his son. DR..
Bunche has every right to
take his case to the court Of
public opinion, but, followed
to its logical conclusion.
there can be no conformity
by coercion.
If discrimination is to be
abolished in every human re-
lationship, it must come from
the voluntary acts of indi-
vidualS. This, to be sure.
brings out deep-seated differ
ences Of viewpoint about So
cial mixing and its effects in
such controversial fields as in
termarriage. It is quite pos
sible that the Supreme Court
Of the United States someday
may strike down as invalid
those State laws which today
prohibit intermarriage be-
tween the races. But the
right to discriminate in pick
ing ones mate will hardly be
taken away by law, inasmuch
as the Constitution. as in
terpreted by the Supreme
Court, guarantees freedom
Of association"
(Copyrisht, 1881
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-10

President Eisenhower really
said nothing novel when he
explained at his press con-
ference this week that he
favors equality Of oppor-
tunity in both the economic
and the political fields" for
all citizens. and that, II a
Catholic happened TO be
really a qualified. respon-
sible individual running for
ONCE, my vote would never be
changed on the basis Of his
religion"
The President has always
made 1t clear that he favors
equal opportunity for all citi-
zens where governmental &C.
ton Is concerned. What the
President was careful to omit
from his comments was any
intimation that the individual
citizen has lost his right TO
discriminate in social or per-
sonal associations with other
citizens. This right is called
freedom Of association" and
1t has the backing Of the
latest decisions Of the Su-
preme Court Of the United
States which, time and again.
have drawn o line between
the right Of individual choice
where private schools or clubs
or other organizations are
concerned, and the citizens
rights in public facilities Of
any kind.
Indeed. the President rec
ognizes the right of any citi-
zen to allow his religious pre-
JUDGES, or any other bias. to
govern his own vote. When
asked whether the electorate
would be influenced by q reli-
gious issue. Mr.. Eisenhower
frankly said he doesn't know
whether the thinking Of the
country has changed" since AL
Smith. a Catholic, was de-
feated for the presidency on
the Democratic ticket in 1928
by Herbert Hoover, the Re-
publican nominee.
One Of the newSmen at the
press conference also asked
the President II, quite apart
from the legalisms Of the sit
uation," he has ANY opin-
ion as to whether racial
segregation is morally wrong"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-10
Presidents New Direction Is Viewed
As Pulling G. O. P. Together

this is reflected in an OBJ
viously improved personal
morale. He is much more re-
Taxed than a year ago and 1t
appears that he is enjoying
his work. Physically. too. he
looks much better. His face
sometimes used to alternate
rapidly between a cherry-red
tone and one Of chalk-white.
both alarming to those con-
cerned about his health.
Now, judging from his APP
pearance on two or three diff
ferent kinds of recent occa-
sions, the ordinary family
rudy coloration that had
been his before his first ILL
ness has returned to the
President.
II, as this correspondent
believes. the President really
has entered a new phase as
a confident and seemingly fit
executive, what are the I'M
derlying reasons for this COM
paratively new" Eisenhower
so late in his tenure?
Oddly, some Of his associ-
ates in the cabinet are not
too far apart from his critics
in their estimates Of the why.
Their analysis runs about as
follows:
/. In taking last January
a determined and consistent
stand for budget-balancing
at nearly any cost, the Presi-
dent for one of the few times
in his whole administration
suddenly became the spokes-
man for a unified G. o. P.
The Old Guard Republicans
in Congress, who have never
really been pro-Eisenhower,
were thus brought into a
spiritual kinship with him
they had never known before.
Often in the past the Presi-
dent had actually depended
on Democratic rather than
Republican congressional sup
port when the going was
really rough.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-10
Eisenhower's Personal Leadership

But in the "antispending"
campaign he became for once
the authentic leader OF all
the Old Guard as well as the
Eisenhower or modern" Re-
publicans. Here he spoke a
common COP. language and
slogan. And here he was able
to find the first true comrade-
ship with all in his own party.
while together they found a
truly common enemy, the
Democratic Party.
2. The departure from the
White House Of Sherman
Adams, the erstwhile Assist
ant President" was slow in
throwing up visible effects.
But these effects are now be-
coming plain, and they
greatly help to explain the
new" Eisenhower. In the old
days he depended to an ex-
traordinary degree on Mr..
Adams. In the poSt-Adams
era the President by necessity
began to do some OF the
things, and make some Of the
decisions, he had rather airily
left to "Sherm."
The process Of letting
Sherm do 1t" has long since
ended. The Presidents do-it-'
yourself campaign is now
fully in motion. Whether he
be doing it better" is still.
arguable; but the fact that
he himself is really doing it
is not arguable at all. Il
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-10

Leeds University mice were
subjected to cigarette smoke
and atmospheric pollution. OF
40 mice in an experiment
which began eight months ago,
q were still alive and none had
uevelope lung tumorS.
1t did not say how the rest
had died.
Substances found in tobacco
smoke and city Smog also were
inoculated at London'S st.
Bartholomew Hospital into
the lungs of rats and guinea
pigs. So far, said the report,
no definite malignant changes
have been detected.
The cancer institute did re-
port, however, that smoking
apparently keeps down the
weight of animals as well as
human beings.
Small boys long have been
warned smoking would stunt
their growth, the report said.
There was a partial inhibi-
ton Of growth, said the in
vestigators, after the animals
were exposed to tobacco smoke.
Exposure to cigarette smoke
results in reduction of food the
animal consumes just as in
man the smoker usually eats
more sparingly."
There was evidence that a
smoking animal Utilities food in
some manner different from
normal.
The cancer campaign report
claimed the prospect of preven-
ton and cure Of cancer by
means of incubation is being
brought nearer by other expert
mental work at Leeds.
Scientists produced tolerance
in rats to cancer-causing sub
stances by means of inocula-
ton. the experts said.
The research also pointed a
way to attack on cancer by
drugs, said the report. 1t did
not go into details.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-10
WILLIAM S. WHITE

President Eisenhower's pro-
gressively strengthening ma
tional and party leadership
has now become so evident
that few seriously dispute
the change any more.
True, there is much dis
agreement as to whether he
Is. even yet. aggressive
enough. And there is much
disagreement as to whether
he has not waited too long,
at any rate, to make the
traditional use of the powers
Of his office.
In short, to attempt any
unqualified estimate of the
Presidents present posture
and effectiveness is point
less. For any absolutely fiat
judg m ent sets of, even
among the detached, an in
soluble argument-insoluble
since 1t is one which nobody
can entirely win or entirely
lose. whichever side he is on.
Within these limits, how
ever, there is this central and
undoubted reality: Whether
or not he has gone far
enough, or started going
there soon enough, the
President is now going much
farther than before to give
personal direction to the Re-
publican Party and to the
country.
This rise in presidential
firmness is being illustrated
in many ways. There is, for
example, the frequent use Of
the veto over a Democratic
Congress by a President who
as recently as a year ago
seemed almost in awe Of the
men on Capitol Hill-in both
parties.
Again, there are almost
daily smaller demonstrations
that the President is more
nearly on top Of his job and
more aware of all the prob
lens within his administra-
ton than he used to be. And
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-10
DORIS FLEEsON

Secretary Of State Herter
is returning to Geneva pre-
pared to spend three more
weeks at q foreign ministers
conference which he already
feels is doomed to fail. He
made this plain, almost by
inadvertence, at his first
press conference here since
his appointment late last
April. v.t
With the aid of a charming
smile, great courtesy and the
diplomatic vernacular, the
Secretary had fielded q bar
rage Of questions regarding
current developments with
out breaking new ground.
Asked then to state in a word
how he felt about returning
to Geneva, he quipped 1t
would probably be unprint-
able.
A moment later he said he
hoped to visit Berlin after
leaving Geneva, even though
he might not be welcome.
Asked why he felt he might
not be welcome, he said Ber-'
lin perhaps would not like
the results at Geneva.
The result is certain to be
renewed demands in Con-
gress that the new Secretary
settle down at the depart
ment for more creative and
imaginative tasks in the field
of foreign policy. Mr.. Herter,
himself, mentioned that he
had been out Of the country
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-10
Traffic Deaths
Alarm Council

CHICAGO, July 10 (AP).-
The National Safety Council
says it is alarmed at what it
calls the Nations soaring traf-
flc death toll. Unless the num-
Der of deaths is reduced
sharply, the council says, there
will be $4,000 traffic deaths this
year. That is $500 more than
in 1858.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-10
Herter Heading Back to Geneva

ferred to statements already
made by the President, but
he was actually unavailable
Tuesday because he had ex-
tended his Fourth Of July
holiday over that day in an
ticipation of his imprint
able" return to Geneva.
Nor is Mr.. Herter another
Dulles, and anyway his long
legislative experience would
incline him to executive def
erence to the President. The
new Secretary must develop
other strengths; he has
shown that he knows this by
his plans to reconstitute
some kind of advisory coun-
Gil within the department.
In addition, a summit
meeting will require the ac-
tive participation Of the
President, putting his person.
al strength and skillS on the
block. While Mr.. Eisenhower
has shown a disposition to
shy away from every decision
he could possibly delegate, he
has a rare instinct for spot
ting those situations in which
he will be personally judged
by the results. When they
arise, he decides how far and
when to commit himself.
A point will certainly be
reached at which the Secre-
tary Of State should not be
pinned down to the talking
war as at Geneva or his pres
tige will be sadly impaired.
Then it will be up to Mr..
Herter to know when to rebel
as he has already indicated
he might do.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-10
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Senate Democrats blast Chairman Butler Democrats
idea Of perfect teamwork Two fighters knocking each other
out simultaneously in the 18th round.
The Secret Service racket in counterfeit
eminent checks That's Government check that has moth
ing behind 1t today-instead of tomorrow.
Former Senator Bender TeamSter payroller at $l25
day. the union like church. And it's nice to
the collection plate in church where they let the
ushers keep the offering
Difference between business and politics. Businessmen
out and do it. Politicians out and talk about doing it.
Averell Hartman the 1860 Democratic candidate
will be picked Of your hat Democrats back in the
haberdashey business They want hat before the cleo
tion-and the shirt afterward.
Communist: fellow whose government works him
seven days q week-on the promise he become CAPT.
taist In his spare time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-10
Supreme Courts Backing of individuals
Personal Social Choice Is Cited

Mr.. Eisenhower replied
that certain phases of segre-
CATION" such as segregation
by local laws" that interfere
with the citizens equality OF
opportunity in both the eco
nomic and the political fields"
would seem to him to be
morally wrong"
The whole problem has its
roots in the differences OF
opinion among individuals as
To their freedom Of aSsocia-
ton" In recent years there
has emerged q wide accept
ance Of the doctrine that
there should be equality Of
opportunity In the economic
field. During many decades
in this Nations history, how
ever, women. irrespective OF
color or race, were discrimi-
mated against. But today
there is a growing feeling that
equal pay should be given for
equal work to every individ-
ual, even though this is not
generally o legal requirement.
In the political field, equal-'
ity Of opportunity is still
affected by the right Of the
voter to discriminate in his
selection Of public officials.
He need give no reason for
his vote, which is secret.
AS for the use Of public
facilities, on the other hand.
the theory that the Govern
ment itself may not dis
criminate has been a subject
of lengthy controversy. The
courts have not always de-
fined discrimination" in the
same way. Thus, for many
years, the Supreme Court
ruled that as long as separate
facilities Of q public nature
were equal in quality. no legal
discrimination was involved.
and that separate schools
were no violation of the
Fourteenth Amendments
clause guaranteeing equal
protection Of the laws" In
1854, however. the Supreme
Court ruled that, unless the
races are permitted to min
gle in the classrooms Of pub
lie schools, there is no equal
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-10

of Britain's Institute of Cancer
Research.
An account of their expert
ments was included yesterday
in the 36th annual report Of
the British Empire Cancer
Campaign-a voluntary body
devoted to fighting the dis.
ease.
Cancer institute scientists re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-10
Textile Adviser

George Baldanzi, president
of the United Textile Workers
of America headquartered here,
is one of nine persons invited
by the Commerce Department
to become members of a Tex
tile Industry Advisory Com
mittee.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-10

ported the only lung cancer en-
countered during their expert
ments was a solitary tumor in
q rat and this was not due to
cigarette smoke. This tumor
was associated with marked
bronchitis.
The report showed that at
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-10
British ! ests Don't Link
CIGARETTES and Cancer

LONDON, July 10 (AP)-A group British researchers
report that in five of laboratory experiments
rats hamsters they have failed induce lung cancer
the animals by exposing them strong concentrations Of
cigarette smoke.
Our failure striking negative result" said scientists
Evening star., 1959-12-09

inches long, taller than an
average man.
Haplocanthosaurus, calle d
Hap" for short. is to be the
pet of the Cleveland Museum
of Natural History eventually.
William Scheele. the museum
director, says he Is especially
proud because the specimen is
by far the largest of its type
and appears to be the most
complete. All the pieces except
the skull were found.
Only three other dinosaurs of
this type are believed to have
been discovered in the 100 mil
lion years since the giant mon
sters roamed the earth.
The bones and a carefully
reproduced skull were fitted
together by the American Mu-
scum of Natural History in New
York.
Hap" when fully assembled
in about a year, will be on
public view here.
Edwin Delfs, Wesley Will
liams, Richard Jones and Will
Evening star., 1959-12-09

liam West, jr., were chatting In
a washroom near Grand juno
tion, Colo, five years ago when
a member of the Kansas State
University summer geology
camp overheard them.
He mentioned he had half Of
. big vertebra In his locker in
Canon City, 246 miles away.
The boys went with him. They
were so impressed with their
first look at the big Hap" that
they continued tunneling and
excavating on the site.
Chunks of rock weighing
$500 pounds were removed,
transported out Of the area and
pried slowly from around frag-
ments of the dinosaurs frame.
Mr.. Scheele says he does not
expect the skull to be found.
He explains that skulls never
have been located for any of
the large dinosaurs. Appar-
emily, since the head Is so pre-
cariously connected to the rest
of the body. it gets washed
away from the skeleton, or is
lost otherwise.
Evening star., 1959-12-09

tinfoil and put it at the top of
the tree.
I'VE didn't have electric
lights. We lit the tree with
candles"
Didn't anybody turn you in
to the fire Department." asks
the modern lad.
mo, the nearest fire cart was
10 miles away in town." chuck
les Grandpa. I'VE kept a bucket
of water handy in case the
candles set the tree on fire.
"On Christmas eve we hung
our stockings from the fire.
place mantel and"
Whats a mantel?" asks the
city grandchild.
Orange Is Treat
And in the morning we
found them full Of nuts and
apples and stale hard candy
and great big beautiful
orange. My, what a treat it was
then to get an orange"
II don't see what's so won-
derful about an old orange, -
Evening star., 1959-12-09

apiece, I can tell you. I remem-
Der one year I saved up my
spending money for a whole
year to buy my father a muf-
fer and my mother a new
apron"
81 bet you went out riding
on your new sled right away,
Grandpa.
Nope, in those days every
one had his chores 10 do. / had
to go out ano slop the pigs, and
water the horses and chop
firewood for the kitchen stove,
and carry out the ashes and
oh. it might be afternoon be-
fore I got to try out my sled"
The old man sighs as he
fondly recalls the ecstasy of
Christmas in his youth. and
turning to his grandson he
asks:
We'll. sonny, how'd you like
to have an old-fashioned
Christmas like that?"
And he is a bit surprised at
the small boys passionate an
swer:
Grandpa, I'd turn in daddy
Evening star., 1959-12-09

breaks in the child. II drink
orange juice every day"
II can still remember how
shivery cold it was on those
Christmas mornings" continue:
Grandpa.
why didn't you Just turn ur
the thermostat?"
There weren't any thermo-
stats in those days because
there weren't any furnaces. ]
had to light the fire in the
kitchen and parlor stoves"
What presents did you get
Grandpa?"
"Oh, my sister usually got 9
doll, and I'd get maybe a SLED
or a new sweater"
"Is that alp" asks the child
yep, that was it."
you didn't even get an elec-
trio train and a bicycle and q
space helmet and a rocket CUR
and some games?"
Had Chores TO Do
Nope. We got one present
each. That was all the family
could afford. and we were
mighty glad to get at least one
Evening star., 1959-12-09
Blasted Bones
OF Dinosaur
Get New Skull

CLEVELAND, Dec. 9 (AP)-
They're putting the pieces to-
gether on a 7O-foot dinosaur
skeleton. the bones of which
were blasted out of rock in
Colorado by four young Cleve-
land scientists more than f1ve
years ago.
One thigh bone is 6 feet. 2
Evening star., 1959-12-09

ments from a store. We deco
rated the tree ourselves. We'd
get needle and thread and
make long strings of cram
berries and popcorn, and wind
them around the tree. And
we'd cut out a pssteboard star
and cover it with a piece of
Evening star., 1959-12-09

I'VE. went into the woods and
found the one we wanted. and
chopped it down ourselves, and
lugged it all the way home on
foot"
Didn't you get caught?" asks
the grandson.
"Oh, it wasn't against the
law in those days." says
Grandpa.
"And we didn't buy our orna-
Evening star., 1959-12-09
OId-Foshion Christmas
Is No | reqt forC City Boy
BY HAL BOYLE
Associated Press Writer

NEW YORK. Dec. 9-Many elderly grandfather dreams
this time of Of the Joys of the odfashioned Christmas
But when he describes the Yule long ago
modern ctyborn grandson the boy wonders whether
weren't a form of punishment rather than pleasure
I'VE didn't buy supermarket" recalls Grandpa
Evening star., 1959-12-09

and mommy to the police
and I'd turn in Santa Claus,
too. Nobody can treat little kids
like that anymore-and gel
away with it."
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1959-04-29

Fla. u spending . ten day vaoa
ton with his family.
The Rev. and Mrs. Reuben
Fields and children Of Ever
green. and John Graves and son
Mitchell Of Cerro Gordo were
Saturday guests Of Mr.. and Mrs
T. E. Smith ST.. of Pireway.
Mr.. and Mrs. Elderdge Smith
OF Pireway spent Sunday with
Mr. and Mrs. Ned Watts of Ma
kina.
Ben L. Nesmith III of Tabor
City was visiting In Pireway. and
Sea Side Saturday morning.
Mrs. Jim Cannon Long, and
daughter Lizzie Lee of Bolton
spent Monday with Mrs. Matte
FormyDuval. Mr.. and Mrs. viii
lie Jacobs. Mr.. and Mrs. Eddie
Grice. and Mrs. ]. Lester Gore.
Miss Mary Williamson of Lum-
berton spent the week end with
her parents and sister and broth
er-in-law Mr.. and Mrs. George
Williamson of Nakina. and Mr..
and Mrs. Paul c. Gore of Pre-
way.
Mrs. Cora Phelps of Freeland
Is spending some time with her
daughter Mrs. Willie Jacobs.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lonnie Grice,
Willard Grice. and Davis Grice
made a business trip to Whining
ton Saturday night, where her
daughter Miss Lura Jane Grice
Is a patient at James Walker
Memorial Hospital.
Walter Gore of Loris. was the
Saturday guest of his daughter,
Mrs. N. G. Hughes and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Long and
children Of Nakina we're Sunday
guests Of Mr.. and Mrs. Macie
Long.
MIR. and Mrs. Tommie Norris
Of Bethel were Sunday guests of
MIR. and Mrs. Earnest S. Smith.
Joe Coleman of Tabor City
was visiting in the Pireway Sec
ton Friday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Clyde Todd of
Chadbourn were Sunday guests
OF Mr.. and Mrs. Henry T. Smith.