davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1959-09-11

A steering committee was named
to draw up recommendation for
procedure and to call the next
meeting.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1959-09-11

|. Economic Development
(a) Financial Resources
(b) Cooperative Planning
(c) Consumer Research
(b) City, County, State and
Federal Government
2 Employment Opportunities
;. Recreation
1. Housing
(a) Urban Renewal
(b) Stun Clearance
(c) Highway and Expressway
Developments
>. Communications
6. Education
Ca Vocational Training
(b) Guidance
Z Social Welfare
(al Needed Services
(bl Financial Support
(c) The Little Rock Urban
League
s. Civic Progress
8. Cooperative Ofganizational Re-
lations
10. Race Relations
After the group adopted a pro-
gram of work, it was decided that
the remaining portion of the day
should be given to discussion of
two of the ten areas adopted;
ID Economic Development
81 Employment Opportunities
Wiley Branton directed the par
Elephants to buzz sessions and each
group chose a discussion leader
and reporter. The reports for
the buzz session We're; Mrs. L.
c. Daisy Bates. Mrs. B. A.
Moore. c H. Jones, DR. G. P.
Freeman and K. Coleman
The buzz groups recommended
that the group do the following
things:
ID That this should become
permanent organization
(2) That a council of community
organizations be formed
90 That a Business and Profess
sional League be formed
(4) That a survey should be made
of the money Negroes spend on
Main st. Arkansas.
60 That we should begin develop
ing more businesses by pooling
money and increasing our buying
power
(6) That We should lend our sup
port to organizations working in
our communities in a massive
consolidated effort to secure
qualified electors.
After listening to the group re
ports a lively general discussion
was conducted BY unanimous vote
the name, "The Arkanas Council
of Community Organizations" was
adopted. The election of officers
was deferred until a later meeting,
at which time, additional organi
cations will be encouraged to join.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1959-09-11

week Thirty candidates were TAX
en- in for baptism.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1959-09-11

J PosNIa u. ll v. laa m..l MEW YoRk cIIr
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-10

day/Is fair and wise, and
good and gay.
@. Where is the Sullivan
Trail?-P. j.
A. This trail, moving gen.
orally northwest from Eas-
ton, Pa, is the route taken by
Maj. Gen. John Sullivan
G740-1795) and about 1000
men on his punitive expedi-
ton, in the summer of 1779,
to "chaStiSe and humble" the
Indians. Many Indian viii
lagos in the Genesee Valley
were razed. Sullivan defeated
the Iroquois at what is now
Elmira, N. Y.
@. What happens if a per-
son refuses to answer a ques-
ton asked by a census taker?
r.. l.
A. A money fine and i'm
prisonment may be the result
of wilful refusal to answer
any of the official questions
asked in each 10-year (de-
cenniaD census, and false
answers may bring similar
penalties. There is no law
requiring people to answer
questions asked by census
takers at other times.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-10
1t May Help

1t is encouraging that our National
Academy of Sciences and its Soviet
counterpart have just agreed to cooper
ate as never before. AS a straw in the
wind, this may not amount to very much,
but still, as far at it goes, and coupled
with other signs of an incipient thaw in
the cold war, it is welcome.
The agreement, which is to remain
in force for at least two years, is designed
to bring about a marked increase in the
exchange of scientists and scientific in
formation between our two countries. To
that end, outstanding Russian specialists
will come to the United States to deliver
lectures, participate in seminars, con-
duct research and observe the progress
being made in a number of our labora-
tory projects. On strictly reciprocal
basis, prominent American specialists
will do the same in the USSR The fields
to be covered on both sides include
synthetic compounds, microbiology,
metallurgical processes, cancer, automa-
ton, cosmic rays and space mechanics.
Such program, of course, is not
going to have any magical healing effect
on American-Soviet relations, but it
promises to be mutually beneficial, and it
may help, if only in a small way, to take
some of the ugliness and venom out Of
the cold war. In that sense, it certainly
is likely to do more good than harm, and
it accordingly merits strong support.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-10
Unneeded Godqet

There is good reason to suspect that
"Sophistication" in terms of gadgetry is
being developed to unnecessary lengths
by some of our military scientists. The
Army, for example, has announced the
perfection of a superSensitive radar
which it claims can tell the difference
between a man and woman walking
600 yards away on foggy night. Pre-
Sumably there are some valid military
uses for an instrument of such discrim-
mating perception. But if the Army
really feels that the national security
requires male VS.. female identification
under the conditions described, it might
keep in mind that GIS the world over
have proved their unfailing ability to
spot girl at greater distances under
any conditions. 1t would be easier to
fool gadget, however sophisticated.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-10

rights. Until they honor the
principles of civilized men
and renounce, in deed, all
violence and oppression, all
of the smiles in the world
will not bring peace. He
can smile and smile and still
be a devil"
1t is to be hoped that the
Russian dictator will not be
allowed to visit this country
until his governments prac-
tice Of oppression and vio-
lence has ended in fact.
Geraldine M. Berryhill
y 4 4 \
Are the 1860 political con-
ventions to be held in Mos
COW? Will Khrushchev pick
the nominees? Humphrey
and Nixon have campaigned
harder in Red Square than
on Main street, U. S. A. En-
bracing red tyrantS has re-
placed kissing b a bies for
American political hopefuls.
And now Slavemaster
Khrushchev is invited to
America-to inspect his flu
ture "non-v consti-
tuentS," no doubt.
If America doesn't cease
putting out the welcome mat
to her would-be conquerors.
she'll "culturally exchange"
herself into a Russian satel-
lite!
Elizabeth Lippitt.
San Francisco
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-10

military technician equipped to revolu-
tionize the nature OF ground warfare
with or without nuclear weapons.
1t may be, Of course, that some Of
the Army's projections are a bit too
futuriStic to materialize between now
and 1865. But there can be no doubt that
revolutionary changes are already here
or in the making-changes profoundly
affecting the nature Of ground forces.
Needless to say, the training procedures
with emphasis on discipline, reliability,
superior performance and esprit de corps
must be geared accordingly. Laxness
in that respect could be perilous in the
extreme.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-10
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

Give him new and pleas
anter noises for playthings.
Try him on the music Of
Mozart.
If there is anything in the
world that ought to do the
trick it is this.
These bubbling, sparkling
tunes, beloved the world
around, have been known to
soothe the real savage beast.
Why not, then, help a
noisy parakeet?
Several years ago there
was a book telling of adven-
lures among the Amazon
tribes. A photograph inter-
ested them, but the music
played evoked no particular
interest until the explorer
happily put on a record of
one of Mozart'S operas.
The savageS Immediately
fell silent, and with happy
smiles listened without NOV
ing away.
= 4 Il =
We have always wondered
if this story is true, but if
not, then it ought to be.
Parakeets seldom if ever
sound off with anything but
what they have heard some
where.
The owner may not, of
course, know just where he
got the sounds, but he or
she can be pretty sure the
bird has heard it.
Perhaps some one going
along the street.
In the old days OF street
criers, had there been any pet
parakeets then, the birds
would certainly have given
the various cries almost
word for word.
Watermelon, sweet water
melon" is almost the last
cry left to us, along with
long drawn out syllables
heralding the goodness Of
strawberries, red ripe straw
berries.
CHIPPING and screeching
are natural bird noises, espe-
cially from such a creature
as the parakeet and the
breed has had a fine
chance of picking them up
in the wild.
Perhaps many of these
pets, at sometimes in their
lives, have a back-flash in
memory, when they recall
the tunes of the mountains
of their native country.
The hope of bringing such
a bird back to its usual talk
is to give it something new
to remember.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-10
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
AH-Purpose Vaccine Seems Out
BY THOMAS R. HENRY

periments with the volunteers
here have produced too
strong a reaction to be ac-
ceptable.
Tetanus and diphtheria, It
has been demonstrated, can
be combined safely in one
shot, giving a high degree of
protection against both dis
eases. Here again, however,
very considerable caution is
required. During World War I
nobody bothered with inoc-
ulations against diphtheria.
1t was considered almost ex-
clusively a child's disease.
The great majority Of the
draft age population in the
United States, Army doctors
assumed, had acquired a high
degree Of immunity through
a succession of sub-clinical
attacks.
In 20 years between wars,
however, there was an
alarming change, perhaps
due largely to better santa
ton throughout the United
States. Naturally acquired
diphtheria immunity dropped
sharply. Immunization of
troops was necessary. But,
it was found, less than a
tenth Of the dose recon-
mended for children was
sufficient when combined
with the tetanus shot. The
dose which a child accepted
with hardly any reaction at
all was sufficient to put an
adult Of military age in q
hospital for days.
Three in One Shot
Experiments now are in
progress on the possibility of
combining protection against
tetanus, diphtheria and polio
in one shot. Typhoid, it has
been determined, cannot be
combined successfully with
the others.
Still the Army doctors are
far from pessimistic. Their
aim is to require as few shots
as possible and to assure
safety. Until World War II,
it is pointed out, three shots
were required every four
years. Now the requirement
is only five shots in a life
time, unless there is def
mite exposure.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-10
Soldier of Tomorrow

Some knowledgeable critics deplore
with good reaSon-what they regard
as potentially dangerous deterioration
in the quality and toughneSS of the men
In the ranks of our armed forces. This is
a matter that cannot safely be shrugged
off, for the soldier of tomorrow" will
have to be well disciplined to insure good
morale and proper training in the use of
number of highly advanced techniques
and weapons now in the process of de-
velopment.
Such soldier has just been "un-
yelled" here in Washington at the an
nual meeting of the Association of the
United States Army Although still in
the planning stage, so to speak, he is
expected to be the ultimate weapon"
(man, of course, has been, is and always
will be the ultimate weapon" in war; by
1865. He will be sort of electronic war
rior. He will wear, for example, a tran
SiStorized radio helmet and infrared bin
oculars that will enable him to see the
enemy in the dark of the night His face
will be masked, and he will be covered
from head to foot with eerie equipment
Surprisingly light that will make him
look like fugitive from a space-age
comic strip.
However, regardless of his weird uni
form, there will be nothing fictional or
prepoSterouS about this man. Among
other things, he will have a personal
rocket-propelled Jump belt" that will
permit him to soar across streams or
leap over yawning gaps from cliff to cliff
with the greatest of ease He will move
to battle either on his own flying plat
form" or on some saucer" arrangement
big enough to carry groups of troops.
And he will be armed with firepower
incomparably more deadly than any,
thing that any infantryman has been
armed with up to this time. In sum, as
our Army emissions him, he will come
into operating status in the next five
or six years as genuinely formidable
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-10

A one-shot vaccine for all
the most important germ
caused diseases looks now like
an impractical dream.
This is about the conclusion
Of immunologists at the
Army's Walter Reed Institute
Of Research after expert
ments with various combina-
tons on volunteer medical
and dental students.
Possibilities Of biological
warfare just around the
corner, with deliberate enemy
infection of millions Of SOL
diers and civilians. have
spurred research in this field
but, say the immunologists
with years Of experience in
"shots" for soldiers, the roads
seem blocked in several direc-
tons.
First is the lately discovered
phenomenon Of interference.
The action Of one immune
logical agent may reduce, or
stop entirely the action Of
another. In a few cases there
is so-called synergism-one
agent increases the effect Of
another-but this may not
be desirable. The third, and
desirable, effect Is additive.
Each vaccine acts independ-
emily without any influence
on the others.
Second Consideration
A second consideration, so
far as the Army is concerned,
says 1t. Col. A. S. Benenson
of the Walter Reed immu-
nology laboratory, is the Sc
verify of the reaction to be
expected. Any injection of
antigens may make the sub
ject sick. During World War
I this was especially notable.
"ShotS" sometimes knocked
out soldiers for days. There
is always the fear that, at
least temporarily. the reac-
ton may be about as bad as
the disease itself. A problem
which must be considered
with every combination is
whether or not the reaction
becomes worse.
The Canadian Army now
uses, with apparent satisfac-
ton, a multiple vaccine for
tetanus, typhoid and the var
ious paratyphoids, but ex-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-10
Amend the Amendment!

Senator Holland of Florida has re-
vived his proposal of a Constitutional
amendment which would forever end
the poll tax problem" We urge that
the Senator, and the distinguished group
OF 81 of his brethren who have joined
him in sponsoring the amendment, add
few more words to the proposed reso-
luton and thus get at the root of an
other problem, far more serious than the
poll tax-the denial of all voting rights
to citizens who are residents of the
Capital of the United States
Here is the nub of Senator Hollands
Constitutional amendment, with a pro-
posed addition printed in italics
The right of citizens of the United
states to vote in any primary or other
election for electors for President or Vice
President, or for Senator or Representa-
tive in Congress, shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or any
State by reason of failure to pay any poll
tax or to meet any property qualif1ca-
ton, or by reason of residence in the
Capital of the United States.
So changed, submitted and approved
by at least 38 of the States, this amend
ment of the Constitution would kill two
birds with one Stone-a little bird and a
big bird. The little bird is the veStige of
the poll tax remaining in five States
Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas
and Virginia-which, in Senator Hol-
lands words, "haS been accorded far
more Importance that it deserves" Yet,
it does serve to prevent voting by too
1fyhi
in those States.
The bigger bird is the denial of all
voting rights to citizens whose residence
in the Capital of the United States is
interpreted as automatically diSqualify-
Ing them from representation in Con-
greSS, the choice of President and Vice
PreSident-of any voice whatsoever in
their Government. There is nothing in
the Constitution which specifically pro-
hibitS these residents from voting. But
the Constitution does not specifically
provide voting rights for any save the
residents of States. The District of
Columbia is not State. The argument
has been that the Constitution would
have to be amended if WaShingtonians
are to be given the right of being rep
resented in their Government.
The amendment of Senator Hol-
lands amendment ought to do the trick.
If approved, Congress would no longer
be inhibited by any doubt on Constitu-
,tional grounds from permitting residents
of the District to vote for President and
Vice President, and for such representa-
ton in CONGRESS as Congress- might nv
simple legislative action provide.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-10
ARLINGTON. VA

A1bA1ING 1OrN, VA.
Dear Sir:
Perhaps you can offer a
suggestion as to how we can
stop our pet parakeet from
chirping loudly and screech-
ing.
Running water and other
sounds seem to aggravate it.
but at other times, for no
reason at all, he starts this
annoying business.
He is S years old, and,
luckily, he has never re-
sorted to this form of ex-
preston until recently. He
talks exceptionally well, and
has a large vocabulary.
I'VE take him with us in
the car on trips and he has
even Travelled with us to
Europe last winter when we
took a Mediterranean cruise
and his behavior was perfect
then.
do you suppose he is
merely spoiled? We realize
birds are birds and chirping
is natural for them, but this
bad habit he has acquired is
becoming unbearable.
1--WE have tried little pun
ishmentS, such as placing his
cage in a darkened room,
covering the cage with a
dark cloth. and even de-
priving him of certain privi-
legeS, such as his treat cup
and removing his little mir
ror perch.
He is a strong, healthy
bird and normally learns
easily, but on this one score
we have been unsuccessful.
Any suggestions you may
have will be greatly ap-
preciated.
very truly yours,
e. E. De B."
4 4 4
Your parakeet has learned
the noise somewhere.
You say he is a strong,
healthy bird and normally
learns easily.
He did.
He probably picked the
screeching up on the cruise.
Maybe heard a parrot. 1t
may be that the wild waves
set him of.
Is there a new baby in the
house, or have children been
unusually quarrelsome in the
neighborhood?
A parakeet treasures up all
noises, and may finally try
them for himself.
PunishmentS of any sort
do no good, because the bird
makes no connection.
The cure?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-10

@. In what years were Scots
forbidden to wear their usual
Highland garb?-T. N.
A. In 1747, following the
defeat of Bonnie Prince
Charlie at Culloden, a law
was enacted providing that
any person who should wear
the plaid, fillibeg, trewS, or
shoulder belts, tartans or
parti-coloured Stuffs" should
be imprisoned six months for
the first offense and on sec
ond conviction be transported
for seven years. The law, in
tended to break UP the High
land clan system, was re-
pealed in 1882.
@. Please give the old
rhyme which begins, Mon
days child is fair of face"
g. S.
A. One form of this old
rhyme goes: Mondays child
is fair of face, Tuesdays
child is full of grace. /Wednes-
days child is full Of woe./
Thursdays child has a jour-
ney to co. Fridays child
is loving and giving, /Satur-
days child must work for
its living, while the child
that's born on the Sabbath
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-10
Magical Monitor

In Project Tepee, the brainchild OF
33-year-old DR.. William j. Thaler of the
once of Naval Research, the United
States now possesses an intelligence
gathering instrument Of potentially very
great Importance in terms of national
defense, and possibly in terms of non
military uses as well.
The equipment involved, according
to the Navy, is relatively simple and
inexpensive" but it is capable of spying
across oceans (reportedly on areas well
over 5000 miles away to monitor, track
and evaluate the success or failure of
the Soviet Unions launchings of balliStic
missiles and earth satellites 1t also is
capable of detecting above-ground nu-
clear tests at comparable distances.
In the Navy's words, 1.-THE detection
method is based on new kind of radar
high frequency ionoSpheric back
scatter radar Conventional radar is
limited in range in the same way and
for the same reason that television is
the waves travel in straight line and
can't look beyond the horizon. Iono-
Spheric back-Scatter radar resembles
radio. The waves sent out by the trans
mitter are reflected by the ionosphere-
a thick layer of charged particles above
the surface of the earth. When large
rocket is fired, the hot gases coming
from the exhaust are also ionized. They,
too, reflect the radar waves. Putting
these facts together led" DR.. Thaler Ito
conceive of the possibility of warning Of
a missile attack by this means"
DR.. Thaler himself, reSorting to
guarded language for security reasons,
has evaluated his work in cautious terms,
and he has emphasized that it still is in
the developmental stage. Even so, he
has left little room for doubt that the
new monitoring system cit may account
for our Governments calm view of So
Wet rocketry) is full of magical and
tremendously important potentialitieS,
including doubling of the warning time
(from IS minutes to 30) against pos
Sible missile attack. This in itself, of
course, represents a prospect Of ma
jor significance. 1t does so because it
promises to increase the proficiency and
effectiveness of our countryS retaliatory
power, thus creating an additional de-
terrent factor for the Kremlin
Beyond that, the New York Times,
which has been privy to this story for
some months past, and which appears
to be especially we'll informed on the
subject, has suggested that Project Tepee
is so impressive that other radar opera
tionS-Such as the Distant Early Warm
ing System, the DEW line far to the
north in Canada-may be outmoded in
due course. At any rate, the long-range
value of these earlier and coStlier
installations now is open to question.
In its own way, all this adds up to
another striking example of how fast
. things are changing in our super
scientific age. Some wit in the Penta-
gon has summed up the situation in
these words: IF it works. it's obsolete"
Tomorrow, or the day after, even Tepee
may be put out of business by newer
and better electronic wonder.