davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
SENATE

S 819. A bill to amend the
National Defense Education Act
of 1858 by eliminating the loyalty
oath requirement for students ap-
plying for Federal funds. Long,
Democrat of Louisiana, motion to
recommit the bill. Agreed to 49,
AZ ID 1884; R $3.50, July %,
1859.
FOR: Beall, Republican of Ma yland; Byrd
and Robertson, Democrats of virginia
Byrd and Randolph, Democrats OF West
Virginia.
S 1913. A bill to establish a
program of readjustment assist
ance for veterans entering the
armed services between February
/, 1855, and July l, 1868. Passage
of the bill. Passed 1871 ID 48-
10; R Cpd, July 81, 1859.
FOR: Byrd and Randolph, Democrats of
West Virginia.
+ AGAINST: Beall and Butler, Republicans
"A OF Maryland Byrd and Robertson,
Democrats of Virginia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
Continued from Page CT

together to explain that they
really hadn't been feuding at all.
Mr.. Butler, who had criticized
the congressional leadership in
strong and unequivocal terms for
the conservative and moderate
legislative program it has espoused,
said he felt he really hadn't been
critical at all.
Mr.. Rayburn said he and Mr.
Butler had been friends for many
years and that he had taken mo
stock" in the move by some
Democrats to replace Mr.. Butler
as national chairman. Mr.. John
son said he hadn't either.
For the record, that ended the
family squabble that had threat
ened to develop into a party
Schism imperiling Democratic
prospects in 1860. 1t did not,
however, erase the deep divisions
over party policy that had
provoked Mr.. Buffers attack.
Whether last weeks armistice
would last through the 1860 nomi-
mating convention was a question
that still troubled many Demo-
Gratis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

including West Germany, atomic
"do-it-yourself kits" came into
force July 25.
Many Western observers, in
Guiding most recently Averell
Hartman. former Governor of
New York and Ambassador to
Moscow, have said they believed
the prospect of atomic arms in
West German hands is the driving
fear behind much that Russia has
done. The "do-it-yourself" agree
ments do not give the Germans
atomic WarheadS, but will enable
them to use such warheadS eff
fectively in an emergency, and
thus are step in the direction of
a German atomic capacity.
If Mr.. Khrushchev does greatly
fear this form of pressure on the
satellite empire, he can still fend
off by coming to terms on German
unification, European security,
and arms control. The first step
would be a reasonable settlement
at Geneva.
Mr.. Nixon, therefore, has not
gone to Moscow entirely empty
handed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

ing case, United States v, CO.
JAW, arising out Of the 1854 con-
gressional election in Michigan.
Justice Felix Frankfurter oh
served:
Speaking broadly, what is in
volved here is the integrity OF our
electoral process. and not less, the
responsibility Of the individual
citizen for the successful func-
tioning of that process. This case
thus raises issues not less than
basic to a democratic society"
1t has been estimated that
unions spent upwards of $50 mil
lion on political activity during
the 1858 congressional elections
which resulted in a Democratic
sweep. The Justice Department
has not brought a single case
anywhere in the Nation arising
out of that election.
The department takes this at
titude; I'VE will, of course, in
veStigate any cases called to our
attention" Apparently none has
been. Nor has the department.
been energetic in seeking them
out, as it customarily does with
criminal and antitrust cases.
In fact, enforcement Of the
political spending ban under Sec
ton 6l0 has been transferred
within the Justice Department
from the Criminal to the Civil
Rights Division, which was set up
ostensibly to handle voting rights
cases in the South.
The situation affecting union
spending on elections has gotten
to be like dealing with bootleg
cases during prohibition. Grand
jurieS are reluctant to indict.
Petit jurieS won't convict. United
States attorneys don't want TO
prosecute. Local law enforcement
officials aren't anxious TO CO.
operate.
Warren Olney, former head Of
the Criminal Division. testified
before a Senate committee in 1856
that the department had received
50 complaints of election law vlo-
lationS since 1850 under Section
610. These included 80 complaints
against unions.
Twelve of the union cases, or
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

without a horse-not for statuary
purposes, at least.
Senator Taft was the victim of
a horseleSS age-and a drab one.
For while Thomas Jefferson can
stand in his memorial without his
horse. his clothes and boots do
something for him-and did for
his sculptor.
By way of contrast, run down
and look at Simon Bolivar-at
least his statue that went up re-
Gently. The Liberator" is in a
triangle south of the Interior De-
partment and hard to miss.
Stand-then walk away-at his
memorial. You can bet your dull
shoes that the man on the horse
was instrumental in severing
from Spain not only Peru, but
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and
Panama. Even Venezuela! 1t is
perfectly obvious Bolivar was
capable of it. He had a sword
something else that passed with
the horse), fine old uniform and
a big charger under him.
Long Remember
The sad thing is that a 10-year-
old child. 20 years from now,
might not have the slightest idea
what Senator Taft was all about.
But he'll carry an image of Mr..
Bolivar around with him for years.
And Bolivar wasn't even North
American. But he had that horse.
Perhaps it is unfair to discuss
Senator Taft and his statue in
connection with the country's
great horse loss. Few Senators
ride horses.
But look at what our generals
must be going through!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
Steel Strike:
Dead Center

The 12-day-old steel strike has
already cost more than $500 mil
lion in lost production and lost
wages. Each week the strike
continues costs the industry-and
the national economy-$300 mil
lion in steel sales, though a sub
stantial part of this loss will be
recouped when the strike ends.
The wage loss of the 100000 Strik-
ing steel workers is nearly $40
million a week.
The full effect of the steel shut
down will not be felt for another
two months or more because of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

Outside of handful of World
War II leaders, most of our gen.
erals are likely to wind up in
a "jeep-estrian" statue.
Unless he resorts to a bust, or
fountain, or bell tower, today's
sculptor will have to place a
modern general in some public
park, up on a pedestal and in that
charming little vehicle that most
Of them did their riding in.
There are countless drawbacks
to this. For one thing, the Cen
eral Motors lobby would probably
object. The jeep was designed
by Willys-Overland.
For another, generals rarely
drove their own jeeps. Some OBJ
scure sergeant handled this chore
and statue would have to in
clude both men. There would be
some people who would immedi-
ately think that the statue was
to the Sergeant-not the general.
Others would take the statue as
memorial to the jeep. And, you
just can't make a jeep charge in
marble-or paw the ground for
that matter.
1t is interesting to note that
there were those who noticed the
horse leaving. trotting off with
most of our good old symbols.
Gen. Douglas Macarthur, for
one, wore sun glasses, smoked
corn cob pipe and returned in
water up to his knees to the
Philippines. It's a natural for a
statue. It's a thinking mans
symbol.
Gen. George Patton wore ivory
handled pistols-another natural.
A bell tower to the general would
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
THE NATIONAL SCENE

the Stockpiles of steel built up in
anticipation of a lengthy strike.
But $4,000 workers in industries
closely allied with steel, including
$4,000 railroad workers, have al
ready been idled because of the
strike.
The bulk of the Nations alum
mum production will probably
be cut off July 81 when aluminium
workers, most of them repre-
sented by the SteelWorkers Union,
begin their expected strike.
While company and union nego-
tiators will resume steel wage
talks tomorrow for the first time
since the start of the strike July
is, chances of an early end to the
walkout are dim. Many industry
observers believe the strike will
last at least two months, perhaps
longer.
Against this cherries back
ground, President Eisenhower last
week gave Secretary of Labor
Mitchell the job of serving as the
Governments fact finder in the
steel dispute. The Secretary will
explore all the circumstances" of
the strike. Whether he will make
recommendations for a wage set
tlement was question left I'M
answered.
A number of Democrats in Con-
gresS think Mr.. Eisenhower should
take more positive action to end
the strike. Proposals range from
appointment of a formal fact
finding board to use of the ma
tional emergency provisions'of the
Taft Hartley Act to effect an 30
day "cooling-off" period, an action
the President considers unwar-
ranted at this time.
Senate Democratic Leader Lyn-
don johnson cited estimates that
the strike is costing the Federal
Government up to $45 million a
week in lost revenue as evidence
of the public interest in bringing
about a speedy settlement.
He told the Senate:
THE Nation, I believe, is hop
ing that the President will act.
1t is praying that he will find
ways of bringing together at the
bargaining table the men who
must thrash out the merits and
negotiate a reasonable and honest
settlement"
While the steel strike domi-
mated the economic scene, there
were these other developments
on the economic front last week:
0 An Unexpectedly sharp Jump
of four tenthS of one per cent
in June sent living costs to
new all-time record high. 1t
also ended a year-long stretch of
relative stability in the Govern
ment's price index. The rise was
due chiefly to a seasonal increase
in food prices, especially fresh
foods and vegetables.
. New statistical evidence of the
strength of the current business
boom was provided by the Com
MERGE Departments latest figures
on gross national product" The
value of all goods and services
produced in the first three months
Of. 1859 is now estimated at an
annual rate of $47O billion. even
higher than had been expected.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
BY JOHN McKELWAY
Star stan Writer

Frequently 1t takes years before
q severe loss is recognized. A man,
for example, who sells worth
less" piece Of property often feels
terrible when he returns 80 years
later to find several apartment
houses, a cloverleaf and a sand
wich stand covering the low-priced
landscape he knew so well.
While it was bound to happen.
it seems so soon to announce that
we should never have let the horse
get away. 1t has meant so much
to so many. And it apparently
dragged a number Of things away
with 1t.
The first rumblings of the sit
uation we're heard last week when
the American Legion let it be
known that If there is a statue
to be built to Gen. John j. BLACK
Jack" Pershing, he ought to- be
up on a horse.
Little did the Legion realize that
Gen. Pershing is just about the
last military leader we have had
in the last so years who could
possibly be remembered on
horse. And, in his case, he rode
the horse while chasing Pancho
Villa in the deserts of Northern
Mexico-not in World War l
which, it would seem. Gen. PERISH
ing ought best to be commemo-
rated in-in bronze.
Sculptors and others who deal
in the fine arts have seen this
thing coming for some time. One
recently whispered that the coun-
try, particularly the Capital, is
heading into a period of fountains,
busts and /or bell towers. For a
variety of reasons, but particularly
because of the loss of the horse,
a sculptor must resort to foun-
tainS, buStS and bell towers be-
cause it is difficult to come up
with a reasonable symbol of the
man he's working on.
One of the best illustrations of
this predicament can be found
on Capitol Hill.
One BeIIrineer
Stand-then walk away-at the
memorial to Senator Robert A.
Taft. There is a handsome bell
tower which rings occasionally.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
UNITED NATIONS REPORT
Operation Perspective Climax

and is a valuable political salient
deep inside the Soviet empire-a
pressure-point, a threat to the
stability of that empire. Mr..
Khrushchev threatened to wipe
out the salient.
Framing their response to the
Khrushchev gambit, Western dip
olomatS had to decide between two
courses of action: Ia Clinging to
West Berlin by force of arms and
logic, whatever the consequences;
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
By WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS. N. YIN
a negotiation like that at Geneva,
It is useful from time to time to
step back ana take long look at
the pieces on the diplomatic chess
board.
Such an exercise-it could per-
haps be called Operation Per-
spective"-is especially useful this
week, as Vice President Richard
M. Nixon sits down for important
talks with Soviet Premier Nikita
IS. Khrushchev. The chess game
is approaching a climax.
Viewed in perspective, the
Geneva talks represent an effort
by the Soviet Union to translate
its recently acquired military
power into tangible political adj
vantage. The balance of power
in the world has shifted in the
past year and a half, and gives
promise of shifting even further
in the next 10 months. Mr.. Khru-
Shchev is out to wiring maximum
benefit from that fact.
Specifically, the Russian die
tator is trying to solidify his grip
on the Soviet satellite empire. He
is beginning with an attempt to
secure Western recognition-or at
least acceptance-of the East
German regime. Parenthetically,
many Western observers believe
East Germany is the weakest link
in the Soviet chain, the spot
where a new Hungary would be
least unlikely.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
HOUSE

HR 1900. Mutual Security Act
of 1859. Adoption of the confer
ence report authorizing $685.
100000 in foreign aid for fiscal
1860. Adopted 257-153 ID 1926;
r 75-6O, July %, 1859.
Garmatz, johnson and Ienkford, Demo
Gratis of Maryland: Hardy. Democrat OF
Virginia; Broyhill. Republican Of Vir-
ginia: Hechler. Hee, Slack and stagsers
Z Democrats of West Virginia.
AGAINST: Abbitt, Downing. Gary, Harri-
son, Jennings, Smith and Tuck, Demo-
gratis of virginia; Poff, Republican Of
Nlrslnla; Bailey, Democrat Of West
Nvireinia; Moore, Republican of West
Virginia.
(By Congressional Quarterly
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

In front, there is solitary bronze
figure standing quietly in a drab
business suit.
Where is Senator Taft'S cour-
age, his integrity?
Had the Senator repeatedly
ridden down his enemies on the
hill, from the back of a white
charger, striking each one with
the budget of some fiscal year,
he would have left fine symbol
to do something with. But he
lacked a horse. You can't charge
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

otherwise known as the Corrupt
Practices Act" The code has APP
piled to corporations and national
banks since 1925. Unions were
added by the Taft-Hartley Law
of l947.
The Federal ban on political
spending includes primaries, eau
cuses and conventions, in addition
to general elections. 1t covers cam
paigns for President, Vice Presi-
dent, and members of Congress.
During this time, there have
been three presidential and six
congressional elections. Yet there
is not single instance anywhere
in the Nation where a union has
ever been convicted on a political
spending case under Section 6l0!
Although many complaints
against unions have been filed
with the Justice Department, only
four cases have ever gone to trial.
Three were developed during the
Truman administration, only one
under Eisenhower. The Govern
ment did not win a single case.
An instruction was sent to
United States attorneys around
the Nation in 1856 to the effect
that mo prosecution under the
election laws, including preSenta-
ton of the matter to a grand
jury" is to be undertaken without
prior approval from Washington.
No Final Ruling
In all these IL years the Su-
preme Court has never ruled on
the constitutionality of the politi-
cal spending law. Yet in the lead
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

or (b) attempting to buy back
clear title to the commodity.
When British Prime Minister
Harold Macmillan visited Wash
ington in March of this year, he
put the choice bluntly to Presi-
dent Eisenhower. If the West was
to defy the ultimatum, he said, it
would have to make Enthusiastically
clear to Mr.. Khrushchev that it
was in earnest.
Was the United States prepared
to mobilize its armed forces? Mr..
Macmillan asked. To ban all tour
iSt travel to Europe? To go on a
24-hour alert, with SAC bombers
aloft? To deploy its forces all along
the East-West power frontier?
President Eisenhower answer
was. in effect, no. Such a course
would have cost billions of dollars
and might have caused enough
alarm in the West to turn impor-
tant sectors of public opinion
against the policy of resistance.
Moreover, the threatened Soviet
seizure of West Berlin was the
kind of thing that is difficult to
combat by all-out action. One
does not threaten atomic war if
there are, for example, long
delayed repairs" to roads and
bridges, or if there is red tape
at check points, or a creeping
attack in the form of political
SubverSion and economic warfare.
Purchase Sought
Rightly or wrongly, the about
response to Mr.. Khrushchev was
rejected. At least, it was put aside
until after the alternative-buy-
ing back clear title-had been
tried. Western diplomats went to
Geneva to try to buy back West
Berlin at some reasonable price.
BY now, after more than two
months of haggling, Mr.. Khru-
Shchevs price for a new lease on
West Berlin has become reason
ably clear.
1t is de facto recognition of the
East Berlin regime, plus relief for
that regime from many of the
preSSures-psychological and po-
lltical-now exerted from West
Berlin.
At no point has Soviet Foreign
Minister Andrei Gromyko said
clearly that the West could have
indefinite title to its sector of
Berlin for any price. His position
is that the West can purchase a
temporary, 18-month title, after
which there can be new negotia-
tionS in which the West will be
able to purchase an extension,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
Device for Sorsoin

The bargaining at Geneva ap-
pears to be primarily about Ber-
lin. But Berlin is merely the de-
vice which Mr.. Khrushchev has
used to drag the Western world
into a negotiation at a time adj
vantageous to him.
What the Soviet Premier did
last November 81 in his initial
ultimatum on Berlin was to
threaten to seize an important
commodity belonging to the West.
The Western sector of Berlin was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
NEARBY VOTES

Votes of Maryland, Virginia and
West Virginia members of Con-
gresS on major roll calls last week:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
BY GERALD WARING
Contributing Writer

SCAAeAASNNAAib "44eSA
OTTAWA-Among the more I'M
noticed of recent centenarieS was
that of the biggest mistake the
Canadians ever made in their re-
lations with the United States.
1t was in 1858 that Canada
abandoned English pounds, shil-
lings and pence, and adopted the
decimal system with the dollar as
the monetary unit.
The result has been that for
hundred years either Canadians
or Americans have been aggrieved
because their dollar wasn't worth
as much as the others dollar. For
most of that century the Cana
dams held the short end of the
exchange stick. But for the last
seven years the Canadian dollar
has been worth as much or more
than the United States dollar, and
currently is trading at about $1,05
in American funds.
There is plenty of evidence that
American visitors to Canada find
this situation (a( surprising, (b)
annoying, and Co just not right.
The strength" of the Canadian
dollar is really no reason for
Canadians to feel superior. but
many do. And the relative weak
ness" of the United States dollar
is no cause for Americans to be
concerned. The exchange rate
doesn't affect the value they can
get for a dollar they spend in the
United States. But those who buy
from Canada, including an esti-
mated eight million American
tourists who will spend part or
all of their vacations in Canada
this year, are having to pay five
cents more on the dollar, $50
more on $1,000, or $500 more on
$4,000.
Demond Brings Premium
This is merely a result of the
normal working of the economic
law of supply and demand. For
the last few years the number
of American dci,,2cs:cs flowing into
Canada, in trade and in invest
ment, has been considerably
greater than the number of Ca
madam dollars flowing into the
United States. The fact that these
American dollars have to be con-
verted into Canadian dollars be-
fore they can be used to buy
Canadian goods or stocks has
created a strong demand for Ca
madam dollars-and so the latter
have remained at premium in
terms of United States funds.
Actually, there is way to avoid
paying this premium: bring in
only United States coins; no pa
per money. Anything from half
dollar down. Canadian banks &C
cept United States coins on par
with Canadian coins. because it
would cost the banks too much
to separate them and return them
to the States.
This acceptance runs right
through the commercial life of
the country. But it's awkward,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
Fear NucIeor Germany

A step which came to fruition
yesterday gives the Soviet Pre-
mier new reason to seek relief,
and thus helps to restore the
Western bargaining position.
Agreements permitting the United
States to give key NATO allies,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

paying still another price, if
Moscow then chooses to sell.
This, however, is plainly a bar
gaining tactic. Moscow cannot
really think the West will ransom
its kidnapped child for 10 months,
knowing that at the end of that
time it will have to ransom her
again-at a time when the kid
naper will have further increased
his relative physical power.
The West must operate on the
assumption that the diplomatic
commodity in question-its rights
in West Berlin-are up for sale.
The price that Mr.. GromyKo has
outlined at Geneva must be as
sumed to be the price at which
Mr.. Khrushchev would withdraw
permanently his threat of Novem-
Der q, 1858 If this is not the
case, there is a major explosion
ahead, and Mr.. Nixon has ample
opportunity to make that fact
clear in Moscow.
If Geneva succeeds, and the
West is able to ransom Berlin, it
will have done so at the price of a
contribution to the political sta
bility of East Germany. From Mr..
Khrushchev's point of view, this
is first step, but only a first
step, toward snoring up the pres
ent East-West power frontier, the
frontier he vowed last week to
defend.
Subsequent negotiations, the
promise of which Mr.. KhruShchev
also is demanding and apparently
getting as part of the ransom for
Berlin, would then take place in
an effort to remove other Western
M n,~.,,;,o
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
POLITICAL UNIONS
By PAUL MARTIN
Contributing Writer

For the last IL years it has
been against the law for labor
unions to make any "contribu-
lions" or expenditures" in cleo
tions for a Federal public Office.
This is a crime under Section
$40 of the United States Code,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

Mr. Mortin is Chief Of the Washington
Bureau Of the Gonnett News Service.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
One BeIIrinoer

Stand-then walk away-at the
memorial to Senator Robert A.
Taft. There is a handsome bell
tower which rings occasionally.