davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13
SENATE

HR 9105. Revised fiscal 1860
public works appropriation bill,
appropriating 81, lS5, SO9, O93 for 81
projects that were not in the Pres
ident's budget. Passage Of the bill
over the Presidents veto 1.-TWO
thirds majority required). Passed
1928 Cd CO.,; r 12-2D, Sept. 10,
1859. A may" was a vote support
ing the Presidents position.
FOR: Robertson. Democrat Of virginia.
Byrd. Democrat Of West virginia, RAN
dolph, Democrat Of West virginia.
AGAINST: Beall, Republican Of Maryland.
Butler. Republican Of Maryland, Byrd.
Democrat OF virginia.
HR 9035. Permit an increase in
the interest rate on Series E and H
Government savings bonds.
FOR: Byrd. Democrat Of West Virginia,
Randolph, Democrat Of West virginia.
AGAINST; Beall, Republican Of MARYLAND.
Democrat Of virginia, Robertson Demo-
crat Of virginia.
HR $500. Senate version Of the
House-passed bill to extend for
three years the Agricultural Trade
Development and Assistance Act of
1854 CPL 480, 83rd Congress)
under which surplus farm COM
moditieS are moved abroad
through sales for foreign currency,
donation or barter.
FOR: Byrd. Democrat Of West virginia.
AGAINST: Beall, Republican Of MARYLAND.
Ter, Republican Of Maryland, Byrd,
Democrat Of West virginia, Randolph.
Robertson, Democrat Of virginia.
NOT VOTING; Randolph. Democrat Of
West virginia.
HR 1878. Federal-Aid Highway
Act of 1859, raising the Federal tax
on gasoline from 8 cents to 4 cents
per gallon through June 30, 1861.
A yea" was vote supporting the
Presidents position.
FOR: Beall. Republican Of Maryland, But
ler, Republican of MARYLAND Byrd,
Democrat OF west virginia, Randolps,
Democrat Of West Virginia.
AGAINST: Byrd. Democrat Of Virginia,
Robertgon, Democrat Of virginia,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13
Formoso cose Of 1850

Another precedent supporting
the American position came in
1850, when the Nationalist Chinese
representative sought to veto o
resolution inviting Red China to
attend council. meetings during
q discussion Of the Formosan
problem.
On that occasion the United
States and Soviet positions were
reversed. The United States would
have liked to see the resolution
nullifled. the Soviet Union wanted
1t to stand.
Nationalist China's delegate first
voted against the resolution of in
vitation. then voted against a reso-
luton defining the action as pro-
cedural. He claimed to have WELD
ed the veto.
But the council president ruled
the issue was clearly procedural.
He cited the four-power declara-
ton Of l945 which specifically des-
ignated inviting all parties to q
dispute as q procedural question.
The Soviet Union supported the
chairman's ruling that the issue
was procedural.
The United States did too, even
though it was opposed to inviting
Red China.
It is clear from the past cases
Of success and failure for double
veto rnaneuvers that the president
of the council is key figure. His
ruling on whether q resolution falls
under "procedural" Paragraph 2
or Substantive" Paragraph 4 Of
the l045 Horsepower declaration
is decisive.
II the Security Council member
ship is ever arranged SO that seven
Of the eleven nations represented
favor the replacement Of Nation-
alist China by Red China, the
Soviet Union needs wait only until
the council Craftsmanship, which
rotates monthly. falls to its own
delegate.
Then whatever hope there is
for an American or Nationalist
Chinese double veto will vanish.
The question Of Red Chinese adj
mission can be ruled to be one Of
credentials-a procedural one not
subject to veto.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13
Higher Education

The Soviet college and univer-
sity level institutions are under
going reforms, but the atmosphere
Of change and experimentation
shown by the secondary schools
Is not so apparent. perhaps be-
cause the institutions Of higher
education are more selective about
their students.
In 1858 there were l.178,000
full-time students. 127,500 part
time students and 756,000 COR
respondence students In higher
education, with % institutions
existing solely to offer correspond
ence instruction. There are q to-
tai Of 696 institutions Of higher
learning In the Soviet Union.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13
Other Schools

There are so special art schools
In the Soviet Union. but there is
q paucity Of art instruction dur
ing the school day in the general
schools. There are also Is ballet
schools in Russia and many
music schools---40 in Moscow
alone. Providing training for
especially talented students in
the USSR. these schools also have
q general course Of study.
With the great emphasis on the
honor Of labor, the Soviet Union
has special schools to prepare
workers.
Pupils who leave school before
completion Of their secondary
education have several courses
open to them: Attendance at
schools for working youth: train
ing in specific occupational skills
at Tabor reserve" schools; or
study at technicums where they
may finish their secondary edu-
cation while acquiring technical
knowledge and skills. Some Of
these go on to higher education.
and adults may also take adj
vantage Of these opportunities.
In 1856 1t was reported that
l.94l.20o working youths were en-
rolled in 1000 schools, which
have o four-day week to ac-
comodate workers In shifts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13

what foreign language they wish
to learn during the nth through
10th grades. IS per cent Of them
take English. Lessons are appar-
emily memorized. with emphasis
on grammar and reading ability.
rather than on conversation.
However. In universities stu
dents seem TO have developed q
fluency in speaking and genuine
understanding Of what was said
to them. Can American scientist.
visiting Russia last year. was told
by his Soviet guide woman
physics teacher-"We have Q say.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13

can Of Pennsylvania, motion to re-
commit the bill with instructions
to permit the issuance Of long
term q. s. securities at rates Of in
terest over 4.25 per cent when the
President determines 1t to be in
the national interest. Rejected
134-255 Cd 1882; r 1879, Sep
TENDER 4. 1859. A YEA" supported
the President.
FOR: Harrison, Democrat Of virginia. Poff.
Republican OF Virginia.
AGAINST: Brewster. Democrat of Mary
land, Fallon. Democrat Of MARYLAND,
Foley, Democrat Of Maryland; Frtedel,
Of MARYLAND, Landlord. Democrat OF
Maryland, Abbitt, Democrat Of Virginia.
q HSsna o. Hs vsynS
Of Virginia, Jennings, Democrat OF Viz
ginia, Smith. Democrat of virginia,
p%ocra s% 81 @es e v yEsna H sasg
crat OF West Virsnia.. Slack. Democrat
West Virginia, Moore. Republican Of
West virginia.
NOT VOTING: BrOyhili. Republican of vir-
ginia.
HR 9105. Revised fiscal 1860
public works appropriation bill,
appropriating $1.185, 800 .093 for 81
projects that were not included in
the Presidents budget. Passage Of
the bill over the Presidents
veto (two-thirds majority re-
uuiredD. Passed 280-121 ID 1905;
r 20-116). September 10, 1859. A
may" was a vote supporting the
Presidents position.
FOR: Brewster. Democrat Of Maryland,
Fallon, Democrat of MARYLAND, Foley,
crat Of Maryland, Garmatz, Democrat Of
Maryland, johnson, Democrat Of Mary
land. Landlord, Democrat OF Maryland,
Downing, Democrat Of Virginia. Gary,
Democrat OF virginia, Hardy, Democrat
ginia, Jennings, Democrat OF Virginia.
Bailey, Democrat of West yirsinia. Hech-
Ter, Democrat of West virginia, Kee,
Democrat Of West virginia, Slack, DEM
ocrat Of West virginia. Staggers. Demo-
crat Of West Virsinia.
AGAINST: Abbitt, Democrat Of virginia.
Smith, Democrat OF Virginia, Tuck, Dem.
ocrat Of virginia, Poff, Republican Of
yirginia, Moore, Republican Of West
virginia.
NOT VOTING, Broyhin. Republican of vir-
ginie.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13

week In the schools and elsewhere
after classes are over.
Helping to eliminate discipline
airy problems both in school and
out. these centers aim at the phys
ical. moral. educational and POI
litical development Of the chill
dren under the guidance Of the
Ministry Of Culture. These centers
provide an outlet and stimulation
for children's hobbies and - ex-
cept for some concentrated politi-
cal indoctrination - groups that
meet parallel the Boy and Girl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13
Continued From Page CT

~ I've
Continued From Page CT
West get away with undercut-
ting his veto power. perhaps per-
manently. He protested. Of course:
but he did not really fight-there
was, for example, no threat Of
walkout.
The U. N. is q stronger organi-
zation as q result. Precedents are
important here at U. N. headquar-
tiers. as they are in courts of law.
If the veto can be over-ridden in
one instance to set up o fact
finding team. it can be done again
and again. The Security Council
need never again be prevented by
q Soviet 'nyet" from taking this
initial step toward peaceful settle
ment.
Mr.. Sobolev protested that the
u. N. Charter was being amended.
Others, warmly welcoming the de-
velopment. agreed this was indeed
the effect.
The West, therefore. benefited
in at least two ways from the
timing and handling Of the Lao
tan crisis. Mr.. Khrushchev will
have to work much harder to
achieve a detente-he will have
to pay q higher price, in terms Of
real concessions; and, for what it
will be worth in future crises. the
U. N. is q stronger. more-strealn-
lined organization.
The Loos Team
Meanwhile, the surface manifes-
tation Of all this intrigue-the dis
patch Of a fact-t1nding team to
Laos--should prove useful in
and Of itself.
The Laotian crisis Is unique in
the degree Of confusion and OBJ
security involved. Communications
are so poor in that jungle kingdom,
and rumors so prevalent, that on
q single day the Laotian foreign
minister can tell the world one
story and the deputy foreign min
lister an entirely different story. 1t
happened this last week.
If the crisis is genuine ana
urgent, it will be Of immense value
to the West to find it out in time.
and to establish the fact beyond
challenge. If it has been blown
up out of proportion by Commu-
mist efforts to frighten and panic
the Vientiane government, the
u. N. can help to stabilize that
government, merely by debating
the Reds psychological warfare.
A U. N. presence" sometimes
has calming effect without doing
anything more than flying the flag.
Laos U. N. delegates showed more
composure after the midnight vote
September Z than they had before.
It proved, one of them said, that
the world organization was Com
cerned about our problems"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13
BY EARL II. VOSS
star star Writer

High State department officials
were shaking hands all around
last week on the maneuver they
used to evade q Soviet veto
against sending q United Nations
Security Council fact-finding
group to embattled Laos.
They reached back to an al
most-forgotten 1916 precedent to
write an "unvetoable" resolution.
Their strategy. they believe, came
as q mild surprise to the Soviet
Union.
This was the strategy:
Instead Of basing their resolu-
ton on Article "a Of the United
Nations Charter, the usual way to
authorize an investigation Of O
disturbance Of the peace. they
based it on Article 20, one Of flve
procedural articles.
Instead Of appointing q full
fledged fact-finding committee
they appointed q subcommittee,
and withheld from it the power
to make recommendations.
Subject to Veto--or Not?
By these two acts they qualified
the Security Council action as
"procedural" rather than Sub
stantive," and thus not subject to
the Big Power vote.
When Soviet Delegate Arkarly
Sobolev claimed to have vetoed
the resolution by voting against
1t, the italian president Of the
Security Council ruled the action
was procedural and "unvetoable.
When Mr.. Sobolev earlier claim
ed his one vote against the other
10 had vetoed the majority inten-
ton that the resolution was pro-
cedural rather than substantive,
the Council president ruled that
issue also was not subject to veto.
What did these rulings by the
Council chairman mean for the
future? Had a path around the
double veto at last been charted?
Had the Council chairman's power
been suddenly increased? Could q
Soviet chairman use it to his adj
vantage some month when the
ONCE rotates to him, say on an
issue like admitting Red China?
Some commentators claimed
that the era Of the Soviet veto
had been ended. But they were
reading more into the case than
could be substantiated.
The exercise did show, however.
that none Of the five veto-wielding
powers can automatically squelch
a fact-f1nding mission If the Sc
curity Council resolution is prop
erly drafted and the Council
chairman is sympathetic.
1875 Declaration
Both United States Ambassador
Henry Cabot Lodge and Soviet
Ambassador Sobolov invoked a
horsepower declaration Of June q,
1915, signed by Britain, National
LIST China, the Soviet Union and
the United States. to support their
opposing cases last week.
Actually they were both right.
The declaration contains compro-
mise wording by which it could be
clai1ned that the Laos resolution
was~either "procedural" or sub
stantive," vetoable or unvetoable.
The Charter provides for both
procedural and substantive inves-
legations.
Article 20. the second Of five
under q heading Of Procedure, {"
provides: The Security Council
may establish such subsidiary Or
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13

ing that, II you want to beat your
enemy. you must learn his LAM
guage first.")
The emphasis on memorization
and rote learning in q system
aimed at the below average pupil
raises q question Of whether the
creative spark Of the ablest stu
dents may be killed. But top pu-
pills do advanced work. competing
for prizes as an incentive to go
beyond the formal academic pro-
gram.
Paralleling the general schools
are centers open seven days .
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13
EXCERPTS FROM A U. S. REPORT

The Souiet system OF education
--tf0m kindergarten through
colleges described IN brief In
these paraphrased excerpts from
the Official ODice OF Educators
surrey Which ,Oas made public
last neck.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13

The detectives Of education In
the United States and Russia are
so different as to make compare
son misleading.
The Soviets educate their citi-
zens to q pattern shaped to serve
the needs Of the State whether
those needs coincide with those
Of the individual. Our system is
designed to give young, people the
know-how to help them excel in
their best fields Of endeavor as
free individuals.
However, what was seen In the
USSR only served to emphasize
confidence In the United States
better schools, at the same time.
increasing concern for our poorer
schools, suffering from neglect.
The Soviet nurseries and kim
dergartens were impressive: the
teacher load favorable in the pri-
mary and secondary grades; the
laboratory and teaching equip
ment aids were adequate, and the
foreign language teaching In the
higher grades appeared effective.
Close cooperation Of school and
home was obvious.
Questionable were the Soviet
Unions uniformity Of curriculum
and single standard Of achieve
ment; the great emphasis on
pushing the weaker pupils
through; examination methods
and neglect Of the humanities.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13
OurMoneuver on the Vetoin u. N.
Raises q Question for the Future

ing to commit the United Nations,
through o Security Council vote.
to q mass diplomatic break with
SPANS Fascist government.
To forestall so drastic q meas
ure, DR.. Evatt first introduced Q
draft resolution calling for an in
vestigation Of the Spanish case
under Article "a. Under these
terms the issue was substantive.
because Article "a comes under
the Pacific Settlement Of Dis
putes" section Of the Charter.
At the next council meeting,
however. Foreign Minister Evatt
revised his resolution, basing it
on the "procedural" Article 20,
instead Of Article "a.
He explained he had "cut out
the idea Of q formal investigation
under Article "a 80 as to enable
the proposed body to be brought
In under Article 20 as a subsidiary
organ"
He also provided that the SUBJ
committee would not have the
power to make recommendations.
DR.. Evatt's Interpretation was
never explicitly challenged" AM
bassador Lodge recalled trium-
phantly in, referring to 1t last
Monday night. The Soviet Union
merely abstained on the resolu-
ton,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13
Curriculum

Soviet children use q series Of
uniform textbooks. with some var
iations in the curriculum between
rural and urban districts.
The courses Of study include:
Grades 1-3: Russian language
and literature. arithmetic, draw
ing. singing. physical education
and introduction to manual
training.
Grade 4: History. geography
and elementary biology 0argely
nature study are added.
Grades 5-10: Russian language
and literature. foreign language.
history, arithmetic. algebra. geom-
etry. trigonometry. physics. chem-
istry, botany. zoology. anatomy.
Darwinism. geography. astronomy
and drafting. agricultural and
industrial training. drawing, sing
ing and physical education.
Simple science education starts
in kindergarten for Soviet chill
dren, and through the general
school courses the emphasis is on
the practical and chronological
aspects.
In the six years Of grades $40
the general school student Is
given 2.499 hours in the human
tiles, 5000 In science and .mathe-
mates and SIS hours in practical
training in agriculture and In
dustry.
Though students may choose
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13
General Schools

The 2l4.l62 general schools
in Russia had an enrolment Of
30,624,900 students In le57-S8.
These schools operate generally
s:45 am. to 1850 pm. from Sep
TENDER TO June.
With the six-day school week.
the Soviet students puts In about
as much time during his 10 years
Of compulsory schooling Is does
the American student In ~ years
Of school. There are no study
periods during q school day. but
buildings remain open In many
cases until 10 or II pm. daily.
so children can use school Ia
cilities for study.
Homework assignments for Rus
sian children require from ] TO 4
hours to complete. depending upon
the grade, with no homework a.
signed for Sundays.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13

Continued From Page CT
can-led attempt to push an in
Quiry into the United Auto Work.
ers Union.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13

gans as 1t deems necessary for the
performance Of Its functions"
But Article "a, under a substan-
tive heading, Pacific Settlement
of Disputes" also fits the Laos sit
uation and Ambassador Sobolov
commended 1t should have been ap-
piled here, It reads: THE Sc
curity Council may investigate any
dispute, or any situation which
might lead to international fric-
ton or give rise to dispute. in
order to determine whether the
continuance Of the dispute or Sit
uation is likely to endanger the
maintenance Of international
peace and security"
Ambassador Lodge also but
tressed his argument that the
Laos resolution was procedural by
referring to the very rules Of pro-
cedure under which the Security
Council operates.
Sponish cose Precedent
The clincher, from the Ameri-
can point Of view, is the precedent
of the Spanish case Of 1946. The
Laos resolution sponsored last
Monday by the United States.
Britain and France patterned its
operative paragraphs after the
resolution adopted on the Spanish
question of April 20, 1916.
Herbert v. Evatt, Foreign Min
lister Of Australia and her repre-
sentative on the Security Council
that year, was q leading opponent
Of the veto power.
Poland and Russia were seek
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13
HOUSE

HR 9035. Permit an increase in
the interest rate on Series E and H
savings bonds. Simpson, Republic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13

four generals win leave by Novem-
Der ! and attain the higher rank.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13

education, the youngsters are also
taught basic Communist philoso-
ply under the heading. moral
education"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13

On the average there is oniy
one student admitted to such an
institution for every four that APP
ply. though IS per cent Of the
100000 who took entrance ex-
aminations last year made pass
ing grades.
Preference for entrance is given
those who have served in the
army or have worked two years
before seeking admission.
To several members Of the
United States delegation the most
dynamic element in Soviet edu-
cation and technology appeared
to be the Academy Of Sciences,
founded about 1725, which has
become the powerful leading edge
Of the Soviet quest for supremacy
in all fields Of knowledge.
To carry out decisions Of the
Soviet government and the Com
munist Party on what branches
Of science the nation shall con.
centrate, the academy calls on
about 100000 researchers, some
Of the highest paid persons In the
Soviet Union. The academy Is
also responsible for training sell
entific personnel.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-13
Nearby Votes Last Week

Following Maryland Virginia virginia
members Congress major roll calls week:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-07
Alb Chapter
Names YoweII
For President

william c. Vowel. IT,, Of
National Bank Of Washington.
has been nominated for the
presidency Of washington
Chapter. American Institute Of
Banking, It was announced to-
day by Clayton Z. Doing Of
American Security a. Trust
Co. chairman Of the chapters
nominating committee.
The annual election Is sched-
uled at the chapter house. i70e
Massachusetts, ave. NV. from
$3.50 10 $3.50 pm. next Tuesday.
Some 1000 members from
Washington area banks viii be
entitled 70 vote.
Mr.. Vowel has served as
first president In the last year
and is unopposed as successor
TO Louis Rowe. Anacostia Ma
tional Bank.
other unopposed nominees.
are: Donald E. Doyle. Riggs
National Bank. first vice presi-
dent; John w. crutchheld.
Riggs, second vice president,
and L. Gilbert Vance. Subur-
ban Trust, treasurer.
Charles c. Allies Of American
Security and X. Donald Meme
fee Of Union Trust Co. were
nominated for chief consul,
position that additionally
leads to the presidency. Vir-
ginia Mueller of National Bank
Of Washington and Barbara
Martin of National Savings are
nominees for secretary. Rebecca
Tatum of Fairfax County Ma
tional and Lucille Gosnell of Sc
curity Bank are nominees for
assistant secretary.
Four of the following eight
nominees viii be elected to the
board of trustees: Robert
Hughes, Old Dominion Bank;
Philip Gordon, A1acostia Ma
tional; Ethel Miller, McLachlen;
Wallace Hickman, National
Bank Of Washington; David
Vollenweidef, First and Mer-
chants of Richmond; John Lit
tlewood. Union Trust; Charles
Hopkins, American Security,
and Raymond Beaver, Sub
urban Trust.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-07
ACT industries
Sells Unit to
AIIis-ChuImers

AcF Industries. Inc. has sold
It's washington commercial
nuclear engineering organiEa-
ton 10 Allis- Chalmers manu-
featuring Co.. Il was announced
yesterday.
The former ACF unit has
ofnces at sos Kennedy street
NV. and a stan OF around 100
persons.
It's name has been changed
10 the Atomic Power Depart
ment. Atomic Power Division
OF Allis- Chalmers.
Allis- Chalmers expects 10
maintain the present organiza-
ton here. An ACF spokesman
said his company sold the unit
because future rewards In the
commercial reactor field will
accrue principally TO companies
dominant In the power equip
ment Industry"