davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1959-11-22
Canada Still Best Friend of U.S
Despite Being Taken for Granted

Canadian air and Canadian bases
for aerial defensive and retalia-
tory operations.
Lack of Lows
In addressing his fellow Cana
dianSs, Prime Minister John DEF
enbaker takes credit for having
stood up to the Americans"
Nevertheless, little has changed.
The control of Canadian industry
by United States capital is still
increasing, but the Conservative
Parliament has not passed a single
law to oppose the process. Defense
production sharing, United States
foreign policy consultation and
United States economic policy are
still unsatisfactory to the Cana
dian government. The Canadians
are currently feeling badly let
down by the refusal of the Amer
ican Government to renew con-
tracts expiring in 1962-63 for the
purchase of most of Canada's ura-
mum production. The United
States has an overSupply of do
mestic production, but the Cana
dians make the point that their
industry was built up at the re-
quest of the United States, and
argue that it should share in fill
ing Americas smaller but contin-
uing need for uranium.
However, in listening to Cana
dian complaints, it is important
to retain a sense of perspective.
Canada is still the staunchest ally
and closest friend the United
States has. The potholes in the
road along which the American
car is pulling the Canadian trailer
make for a bumpy ride but the
Canadians helped hitch the
trailer. They just want the driver
to be a little more concerned about
how his driving tosses the trailer
about.
Evening star., 1959-11-22

the last part of this saying, the
first is open to question. If figures
don't lie, they are sometimes very
misleading.
The new defense budget is a
case in point. If all the guidelines
being put out to reporters by
Pentagon and White House Off
cials may be accepted, the ad-
ministration estimates the mill
tary will spend SAL billion in fiscal
1861. This is a shade more than
is to be spent in the year ending
next June 80.
But when a closer look is taken,
it is revealed that the admins
tration is planning a significant
reduction in actual defense ex-
penditures.
For example. payments to re-
tired personnel, now pegged at
$725 million, may reach close to
$500 million. More important, is
the factor of imitation. The aver
age 8 per cent rise in prices and
cost of materials means that each
dollar of the approximately $14
billion to be spent for procure
ment will actually be worth 81
cents.
But of the most significance is
the fact that THIS year, for the
first time, the administration is
transferring the foreign military
aid cost to the Pentagon's budget.
Previously it has been in the sep
arate Mutual Security Program
funding. This item will probably
total $1.3 billion in 1861.
Evening star., 1959-11-22
PRESSURE IS MOUNTING
BY NARANJAN S. UPPAL
Contributing Writer

DELHI.-Prime Minister Nehru
is under heavy pressure from In
dian public opinion, political
leaders and his colleagues in the
government to recast his attitude
toward Communist China.
The cumulative effect Of this
pressure can be known only after
some time has passed but the
pace has already been set. In
fact the governments attitude
already is visibly hardening.
This is the result of not any
hasty reshufling of views or Of
ficial appraisals; it is the product
of a calculated, sober analysis of
Peking's ultimate designs.
President Rajendra Prasad, in
his address to the annual meet
ing of state governors, empha-
sized that this revision in attitude
was essential to deal with the
situation effectively. India had
gone out of its way to express the
fullest good will and friendship
toward Communist China and had
tried to persuade her, in
friendly manner, to stop the ag-
gresSion. But to the dismay and
disappointment Of the Indian
people, he said, all that good will
and friendship had been of no
avail.
Vice President Radhakrishhan
called upon Indians to be united
and vigilant to meet the Chinese
method of settling borders uni
laterally and by force" He said:
IF India is treated in this way,
no wonder other Asian nations
are inclined, even against their
will, to suspect China to be a
threat to their independent exist
ence and freedom"
Mr.. Nehru, though condemning
Peking for designs against Indian
border areas, has all along been
asking Indians to exercise re-
straint and to be cool and calm.
Even after the incident in Kash-
mir Province of Ladakh, in which
nine Indians were killed by Peking
troops, he warned against the
"brave talk" of those who said
"attack China" for some barren,
deSolate mountainous areas" This
speech raised a howl of protest
from the press and the public.
They claimed it was Mr.. Nehru's
polite words and restraint, accom-
panied by India'S comparative in
action, which had encouraged Pc
king to move from one aggression
to another. Many asked him to
shed the policy of appeasement."
Politeness and Weakness
Mr.. Nehru clarified his position
at a New Delhi public meeting. He
declared India would meet the
challenge of Communist Chinese
aggression on its borders with firm
ness, determination and strength.
Peking would be making a blum
der" he said. if it mistook his po-
Evening star., 1959-11-22
Stevenson Talk

On the Democratic front, where
Senators Kennedy, Humphrey and
Symington continued their cam
paigns, more and more talk was
centering on Adlai E. Stevenson.
In fact, there was more than
talk. One hundred delegates to
State Democratic convention in
Milwaukee voted to set up a Wis
consin Committee for Stevenson
to whip up grass roots sentiment
for their man before the national
convention next July.
The Stevenson talk apparently
was beginning to nettle Senator
Kennedy, who often has been
mentioned in party circles as an
ideal No. 2 man on a ticket headed
by the former Illinois Governor
and two-time loser to President
Eisenhower. The Senator dis
closed to friends that if he were
elected President his first choice
for Secretary of State would be
Mr.. Stevenson.
Evening star., 1959-11-22

lite language in the past as sign
of weakness.
Though Mr.. Nehru spoke firmly
and was frequently cheered, his
audience was disappointed. The
mood was reflected by the two
songs sung earlier at the meeting
before Mr.. Nehru'S arrival. One
song called upon all young men to
come forward and throw the Chi
neSe out of Ladakh. The second
song declared that 400 million In
dianS were ready to act if Mr..
Nehru gave the order.
Later, Mr.. Nehru told a group
of members of Parliament that
India was fully determined" to
recover the areas now occupied
by Peking troops.
Everywhere in India demands
are being made that the Indian
Evening star., 1959-11-22
By GERALD WARING
Contributing Writer

OTTAW A diSconcerting
thing about writing a column on
Canadian affairs for American
readers is that the column tends
to become a chronicle of Cana
dian irritationS and resentments
against the United States.
Those irritations and resent
mentS are inevitable when you
consider the national pride of II
million Canadians, and their
extraordinary dependence on their
IT'S million neighborS next door
for their defense, their economic
prosperity and, although they
fight against it. their culture.
A reporting of Canada's fire.
quent dissatisfactions with its
treatment by the United States is,
I think, important not only to
help Americans understand their
northern neighbors' points of view,
but also to acquaint them with
GIlc 1dCI bIldG ul11Cl lCLlCCo CAlSG'
The United States, busy with its
domestic affairs and with the
weighty problems of free world
leadership, with its eyes on 1862,
on the summit, on Europe, Asia.
Africa and Latin-America, on
Castro. Khrushchev, de Gaulle
and Mao-tse-t -tung, tends to take
Canada for granted.
This in itself nettles Canadians.
They consider-and rightly, l
think-that they are a lot more
important to the United States
than many countries on which
the United States lavishes atten-
tion and money. Spain, for ex-
ample. Or Laos. Or Formosa.
But Canadians are 80 depend
able" and so much like U.s." as
witness that 5000 miles of un-
defended border of which Cana
Evening star., 1959-11-22

that "all we Indians call the bluff
of militant China"
Communist Party leaders are
sharply divided on the issue. A
majority of the members of the
Communist group in Parliament,
led by S. A. DANCE, has expressed
open disagreement with CPTs
Calcutta resolution which had
placed the MacMahon Line at par
with the territorial claims made
in Peking maps.
Soviet Regrets
Indians have welcomed Soviet
Premier KhruShchevS expression
of deep regret" before the Su-
preme Soviet over the incidents on
the India China border. But they
are not inclined to put too high a
premium on it. 1t does not make
sense to them that while Mr..
Evening star., 1959-11-22
By WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS. N. Y. -
Secret memoranda on conversa-
tions between U. N. Secretary
General Dag Hammarskjold and
other U. N. diplomats have now
come to light. They reveal Mr..
HammarSkjold's program for Laos
to be as follows:
Custer of the United States
military aid mission as an alleged
violation of the 1854 Geneva pact
for Indo-China.
. Withdrawal of Laos from the
Western camp; strict neutrality
in the East-WeSt cold war.
o Revival at least pro forma,
OF the International Commission
for Supervision and Control, con-
sisting of India, Canada and
Poland.
. An end to the Communist ag-
gression. direct and indirect,
against Laos.
This, it can be disclosed, is
the deeper significance of Mr..
Hammarskjold's decision this last
week to appoint a special repre-
Sentative-Sakari Tuomioja of
Finland-and set him up in Wen
tiane.
Mr.. Tuomioja's principal task
will be to negotiate a settlement
of the Laotian civil war along
those lines. If he is successful, the
net effect will be to ease Laos out
OF the Western world into neu-
traliSm-but to rescue the country
from Communist domination.
Hope for Salvage
This is the most the West can
hope to salvage from the Laos
crisis. Mr.. Hammarskjold believes.
He sees that unhappy country as
Skidding down a well-greased
slope toward communism. If the
descent can be halted half way
down, he feels a lot will have been
accomplished.
The United States, of course,
would prefer to use U. N. machin-
cry to keep Laos pro-Western.
But this is admitted on all sides
to be a virtually impossible task.
The Soviet veto prevents action by
the Security Council; the unpopu-
larity of the Laotian government
and the rebuff it received from the
U. N. fact-flnding team make ac-
ton by the General Assembly
highly unlikely; and Soviet pres
sureS on Mr.. Hammarskjold have
poXed him IN, greatly restricting
his freedom of action.
The secretary general has
SHOWN courage, his aides feel, in
doing as much as he has. The
Russians have denounced him at
every step. They, of course. do
not want Laos to be rescued half
way down the slippery slope
They want it to skid all the way to
communism.
The real queStion-the one on
which the Tuomioja mission will
stand or falls whether, when
the chips are down, the Commu-
nistS will accept something less
than total victory in Laos.
U. N. diplomats believe the So
Wet Union will ultimately accept
a compromise, whatever it may
say and do at this stage. Mr..
Evening star., 1959-11-22

dams are heartily sick of hearing,
that Canadian views and Cana
dian problems, especially vis-a-vis
the United States, get short shrift
in Washington.
Difficulties Feared
A couple of years ago, after the
political upheaval in Canada which
brought a fire. -snorting Conserva-
tive government to power for the
first time since 1885, it appeared
to many personS-and Washing
ton certainty felt this-that Sc
riouS difficulties might arise in
Canadian-American relations. In
the election the Conservatives had
INDUCED in much breaSt-beating
over American infringement on
Canadian sovereignty in the Arc
tic, American control of many
Canadian industries, and Amer
ican failure to consult Canada
during the development of United
States foreign policies which
might involve Canada willy-nilly
in everything, including war.
Washington was reported to be
especially concerned lest Canada
become less cooperative in con-
tinental defense planning. Pres
ident Eisenhower and Secretary of
State Dulles visited Ottawa in
July of last year. They gave Cana
dian government assurances about
United States intentions in the
Arctic and about sharing defense
contracts with Canadian industry.
In turn they received assurances
about continued defense co-opera-
ton by Canada.
But despite continuing Canadian
complaints, usually on economic
grounds, that little summit"
rapport has not been destroyed.
Canada has permitted the United
States to take effective control
Of Canadian air defenses. 1t has
permitted United States use of
Evening star., 1959-11-22

Stronger Anti-Red Stand for Nehru?

Khrushchev smiles piously and
hopes for peace, his Chinese COM
rades, Mao Tse-tung and Chou
En-lai, are generating bitterness
and seem determined to drive
India into commitments in sheer
self-defense.
India's task on its 2,500-mile
border with Tibet and Communist
China is really difficult, as this
border never figured previously in
Indian defense plans. India has
now to begin from scratch. Peking
is said to have 100000 troops in
Tibet, backed by $50 planes and
nearly 1000 tanks. They have
also built a chain of aerodromes
within 100 miles of the Indian
border and nearby 20 motorable
roads up to the border. These
roads, in turn. are linked with
other loops within Tibet.
Frontier Commands
India has now placed its entire
northern border under Army con-
troll. There is a proposal to estab-
lish four Army commands, under
Jorhat headquarters, to strength
en- Indian security along the Mac
Mahon Line in the northeast
frontier agency. Similar COM
msnds are likely to be established
along other sectors Of the border.
India might have to raise new
battalions, although its task has
been made easier by the present
thaw in relations with Pakistan.
A former Army Staff Chief, Gen.
Srihigesh, has been appointed
Assam Governor and will look
after NEFA.
About half a dozen non-official
resolutions have been submitted
for Parliament's next session, be-
ginning November l6, which
stress the need for introducing
compulsory military training in
the country. All papers stress that
India must buy more arms and
equipment from all possible
sources. There also is cry for re-
placing Mr.. Khrishna Menon as
Defense Minister because Of his
Apologize role" regarding Com
munist China. But he continues to
enjoy Mr.. Nehru's confidence and
there is very little likelihood Of
this demand being met.
Indian military experts believe
that the time to check the Com
munist Chinese is now" Gen.
Cariappa, the first Indian COM
mander-in-chief of the army. has
declared that If immediate steps
are not taken to dislodge the
Communist Chinese troops from
Indian soil, 'it certainly will be-
come a hundred-fold more diff
cult and more costly in all respects
to do so later"
However, the lead is to be given
by Mr.. Nehru, as he still SYM
bolizes India's will and determi-
nation. He has begun to hiss at
the Communist Chinese. And If
he Misses more, he would have
the entire country march behind
him.
Evening star., 1959-11-22

government act with more expe-
dition. A Throw Back AggreS-
sors Day has been celebrated.
DR.. Ram Subhag Singh, a former
secretary-general Of the Congress
Parliamentary Party, has sug-
gested that the Communist Chi
nese be bombed out" of Indian
territory. PSP leader Kripalani
and Jan Sangh leader Maddox
want all resources to be mar
shalled to throw out the Chi
nese." Hindu Mahasabha Presi-
dent Ram Singh believes that
India should break off diplomatic
relations las a first STEP" against
Communist China.
Even Communist sympathizers
are feeling red in the face. Mr..
Krishna Iyer, Law Minister in the
former Communist Ministry Of
Kerala state, thinks it is time
Evening star., 1959-11-22
Neutrality for Laos
HommorskjoId Plan

Hammarskjold is acting on this
assumption. There is real dan
ger of war if the Communists go
all out, because SEATO will not
stand by and see Laos die. Mr..
Hammarskjold believes the Rus
slams realize this, want to avoid
war, and will ultimately pull back
from the brink, however close they
may come to it for bargaining
purposes.
Is Compromise Possible?
Will Red China and North Wet
Nam. however, accept a compro-
mise? This is by no means clear.
Laos is believed to be primarily a
Chinese, not a Russian show. This
past week, as Tuomioja arrived in
Vientiane, there was for the first
time fighting in the Laotian-
Chinese (as distinct from the
Laotian Wet Namese) frontier
area.
There is no assurance that Red
China can be restrained by Russia,
and even less likelihood that Pei
ping will show self-restraint. So
far Russia has not made any public
attempt to restrain China. On the
contrary, all its diplomatic pres
sure has been in the opposite
direction.
If, however, Red China does
prove to be adamant and the Tuo-
mioja mission collapses in failure,
the West will then have a much
stronger case to present to the UN
General Assembly. The Assembly
SHES away from keeping Laos a
Western client, but it could be
aroused to act if the choice were
between neutralism and commu-
nism. A considerable portion of
the Assembly believes the Laotian
people want to be neutral.
There is, therefore, diplomatic
pressure on the Communists to
accept compromise. They may
bargain hard, bluster and engage
in as much shooting as they dare;
but in the end, UN people think,
they will settle.
The alternative to settling would
be to create a Western majority
in the U. N. which does not now
exist. Under the mantle of the
U. ~, the West could take mill
tary action which today, without
U. N. sanction, would be un-
thinkable. 1t would bring down
on the West so much condemna-
ton that saving Laos would not
be worth the cost.
Domoqe to Alliance
Should Peiping, despite every
thing, insist on going for broke,
while MoScoW-more sensitive to
the worlds diplomatic currents
wanted to take what it could get,
the Laos crisis at least would
have contributed to the principal
long-range objective of the West:
Splitting the two Communist
giants.
If Moscow were to be forced
against its will into defending an
adamant Peiping in a hostile U. N.
Assembly. the damage to the
alliance could be substantial.
Most U. N. people therefore ex-
pect Mr.. Tuomioja to come up
with a solution,
Evening star., 1959-11-22
Continued From Page {

Continued From Page C-1
he were the candidate" But he
pointed out that time changes
lots of things.
In his recent travels, Mr.. Rookie
feller appeared to be making an
effort to scotch the idea that there
is little to choose between him
self and the Vice President on
issues.
Evening star., 1959-11-22
Touchy Problem

There is increasing evidence,
too, that the administration
would like to bring some of our
troops home from overseas and
roll up European and Far East
bases. Such a plan is extremely
ticklish, at this time, for diplo-
matte and political reasons. The
next President, if he is of a mind
Evening star., 1959-11-22
Defense::
Figures

There's an old bit that goes like
this: Figures never lie, but liars
always figure"
While few would argue about
The Nome nugget., 1959-01-19
Senator Johnson
 Starts Inquiry Of Who's On First?'

WASHINGTON, LR - A search ing investigation aimed at show ing whether the United States or Russia is ahead in military strength, will start this month, Senator Lyndon B. Johnson D- Tex) announced Saturday.
 Johnson, the Senate Democratic leader, told the Senate the com bined Senate Preparedness and Space Committees would try to 'straighten out the confusion" in the growing controversy over how the two nations measure up in the missile race.
 ''The American people are en- titled to an answer to the old question: Who's on first?'" John son said.
 The senator said the inquiry will revolve around two themes: ''First, is the United States doing everything that it reasonably can and should to insure the defense of this country and the free world against military aggression?
 Second, is the United States doing everything it reasonably can and should in the exploration of outer space?"
 Johnson noted the controversy between Vice President Nixon and Senator Stuart Symington D-MoD over U. s. and Russian progress in the missile field.
 Symington, a member of the Preparedness and Space Commit tees, challenged Nixon to show where this country is leading the Soviets in that field.
 "4-on" Duplicate Receipt Books
 at The NudCef
The Nome nugget., 1959-01-19
8-Penny Pie Cause Of
 Ford Strike In England

DONCASTER, England, R - Thirteen hundred Ford automobile workers called off yesterday a strike over an eight-cent meat pie
 The trouble started when one man bought a pie from the can teen wagon Wednesday and began eating it five minutes before the buzzer for the midmorning break.
 The company took a dim view and suspended him. The man - Donald Farr, 23 - said he had been fired and his pals downed tools in sympathy.
 After a two-hour meeting yes terday morning, the men ended the walkout and decided to talk to the management about Farr - during working hours.
The Nome nugget., 1959-01-19
''HOme'' Provides Proper Care For Senior Citizens

When Santa visited the Pioneer Home this year, he had a gold poke for each of the guests, with $30 in cash, which was made pos sible through the Pioneers of A 7Gl-a- oG well as pioneers or for mer residents of the new State who contribute each year for the residents of the home
 A staff of 70 workers takes care of an average of 198 oldsters at cost, on the average, of $494 a day.
 Until 1853, the entire cost of operating the Pioneer Home came from taxes. Since that time, the guests receiving income such as social security, are permitted to pay up to $50 per month, for those in the residential portion of the Home, and $195 maximum for those requiring hospital care.
 At the present time, according +n Ernestine Veatch of the Sitka Sentinel, 4 per cent are paying all their costs; GA per cent are con- triNuting as their income permits, and 32 per cent are without in come of any kind. All guests with out income are provided with $10 spending money each month.
 Guests in the Home are per mitted to go and come, and sev- eral work during the summer months, returning to the Home in the Wintertime.
 The townspeople of Sitka CO., operate by furnishing moving pie lures once a week, visiting and writing letters for those who can not do it themselves.
 Several Churches conduct serv- ices at the Home, and guests are often taken out to private homes for dinners.
 A~e7 Alaskans are fortunate in having such a well staffed, we'll equipped and comfortable place to call home.
The Nome nugget., 1959-01-19
Catholics Protest .Mikoyan's 'Defiling
 SOiT' Of Florida

ST. AUGUSTINE, Fla, R nm The bells of scores of Florida Catholic churches will ring in protest Tues day when Soviet Deputy Premier Anastas I. Mikoyan visits the state
 Archbishop Joseph Patrick Hur- ley of the St. Augustine diocese has called on all Catholics in his diocese to attend special masses Tuesday Ion this mournful occa- sion when Mikoyan defiles the soil of Florida" The diocese cov- CTS most of the north and central portions of the state.
 He recommended the masses be accompanied by the tolling of church bells.
 'Mikoyan and his party are scheduled to arrive Tuesday at Tampa to begin two or three day visit to the state. They ten tatively plan to tour citrus groves in Polk County and then go to Miami.
The Nome nugget., 1959-01-19
Fire Destroys Air Force Tanker At EImendOrf AFB

ANCHORAGE, R - Fire de- stroyed an Air Force KC97 pro- peller-driven tanker yesterday as it was standing, fully loaded, on the runway at Elmendorf Air Force Base here.
 No one was hurt and no other planes were damaged. Nearly a dozen other tankers were parked less than 500 yards away.
 The tanker, the military coun- terpart of the four-engine Boeing Stratocruiser, was apparently being readied for a mission when the fire broke out.