davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-29

The unyielding determination of a
clique Of union leaders to carry on a
strike against six nonprof1t hospitals in
New York City has met one answer that
1t fully deserved. Two Of the union
bosses, the president and local busi-
ness agent, have been fined and ordered
to Jail for fragrant contempt" of the
court which had issued an Injunction
against the walkout at one of the hos
pitfalls. At the same time another court
issued similar injunctions against the
strike at the i've other institutions, the
presiding justice remarking that the
strike "is against the public and conse-
quently must be enjoined"
It has been clearly established that
the workers in these particular charity
institutions have valid economic griev-
anceS, and that there should be some
adjustment Of them. Actually, a for
mula for such adjustment was contained
In a memorandum of understanding"
negotiated with the help of Mayor
Wagner more than week ago, but 1t
subsequently was rejected by the union
because it did not provide for union
recognition. AS it happens, both Fed
eral and New York State law specifically
exemptS charitable, nonprofit hospitals
from the requirement of union recogni-
ton and collective bargaining--a factor
recognized by the courts in enjoining
strike action
Mayor Wagner is trying again, with
the help of a three-man mediation
panel, to find solution for the impasse.
He has stated as basic principle, how
ever, his opinion that hospital workers
Should not strike" The courts, in
their own way, have expressed the same
opinion. The union leaders, for their
part, have chosen course of contempt
not only for the city government and
the courts, but for the INDECENT sick in
the affected hospitals. The workers
would be well advised to go back to their
jobs and to rely upon the fairness Of the
Mayors mediation efforts-rather than
the strong-arm tactics Of the union
organizerS-to assure them just settle
ment of their grievances.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-29
Out Of the Goldfish Bowl

"A Cnurcn mouse would SCarVc on the
crumbs Of information which have come
out of the conference between the Pres
ident and the foreign ministers.
The White House statement informs
US that Mr.. Eisenhower expressed the
hope that the foreign ministers would
achieve q measure of progress which
would make subsequent meeting Of
heads Of government desirable and use
full" Mr.. Gromyko, speaking for the
foreign ministers, said I'VE had very
pleasant and useful conversation" with
the President. Speaking for himself, he
said that we, meaning the Russians,
would like to see success"
All of this adds up to approximately
nothing. And we suppose 1t means that
nothing, or virtually nothing, was ac-
complished at the White House session.
There is one hopeful tint in the pic
tlire, however, and this Is that the for
eign ministers, when they resume their
discussions in Geneva, will meet in
secret sessions. The Wilsonian concept
Of open covenants openly arrived at was
an appealing one. But 1t hasn't the
remotest relation to reality when one
is negotiating with the Russians. Up to
this point, the Geneva sessions, held in
a goldfish bowl under the eyes Of a
watching world, have been nothing more
than sparring exercises. If there is to
be any real progress, it will have to be
~ IN md Vryo fvlo -
to hear that the ministers are going to
lock the doors.
OF course, there still may not be
any progress. The outlook, however, is
not entirely a hopeless one. Thumbing
through the Forrestal Diaries, one comes
across an entry on Labor Day, 1048.
The then Secretary Of Defense noted
that at is quite clear that an important
Russian objective is the domination of
Germany, the first step Of which is the
control of Berlin" That was on the
74th day after the beginning of the Ber-
lin blockade, and Mr.. Forrestal added
this observation: "The sheer duplicity
of the Soviets during these negotiations
Is beyond the experience of the experts
in the State Department, with the result
that any future promise made by the
Soviets is to be evaluated with great
caution"
This is an estimate which certainly
has been amply confirmed by expert
ence. Nevertheless, the Russians, con-
fronted with united and determined
West, eventually called of the blockade.
1t is possible that flrmness and unity
will again produce similar result. In
any event, we have no alternative except
to try.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-29
Bunny Book Banned

A children's book called
1.-THE Rabbits Wedding" has
been banned from the open
shelves Of Alabama public IL
braries because of segrega-
zionist criticism that the book
has a white rabbit marry
a black one. Harper and
Brothers, which published the
volume, said the book was
banned because some persons
objected to its possible anti
segregation motives" news
item).
How sadly insane. how utterly
funny
To ban a book about a bunny;
A bunny, white-furred, who'd
happily dare
To marry a female black
furred hare.
All, how the families of both
the rabbits
Must carry on about such
habits
That might even stop the
serving Of stew
OF rabbits Of questionable
parents hue.
Jonas Clifton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-29
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES {. TRACEWELL

which there are several
hundred forms in the human
body.
The word "vitamin" had
not been invented, and when
it was. it appeared first as
"vitamine," because vitamins
were thought to be forms Of
aminos.
4 X 4 X
In the old days, which they
tell us are now beyond recall
land we think they are right
no one knew much about diet
ing, or cared.
The children got jelly sand
wicheS, because the children
liked jelly sandwiches.
Since the carbohydrate Of
the bread was what they
needed, too, the kids man
aged to get along and to
grow, more or less normally.
Or did they? If modern ideas
of the quantity of protein
needed in the diet are cor
rect, it is hard to see how
the children of yesteryear
grew well, because they did
not get it.
Thanks to nature, they
grew just the same, and at
this long last it is impossible
to know just where their diet
failed. Maybe the aches and
pains of their forties and
f1ftieS go back that far, who
knows? Jelly after all hasn't
much to it except taste.
X 4 \ X
A modern lunchbox is bet
ter provided, we may feel
sure, even if it is mostly
sandwiches.
Our correspondents plan
sounds like a good one, and
gets him away from the eter-
nal sandwich.
To throw him, of course,
into the arms of the eternal
glass of milk.
There is always a serpent
in Eden, it seems, and today
there is something in our
milk that shouldn't be there,
something from the fall-out,
we are told.
Ho, hum, it's always some
thing. Once we thought the
germ content Of milk should
be kept as low as feasible,
now we worry about stron-
tium 80.
Our lunchboxes are beset
with the latest modern day
problems. We cannot get
away from ourselves and
our age. The poet told us
that the world is too much
with us, late or soon it lays
waste our powers. The old
brown bag still has a trick or
two UP its Scotch plaid
sleeve.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-29
Monkeys Can Be Heroes

Some sort Of an award for distin-
guished service to mankind ought to be
devised for Able and Baker, the far
ranging, free-loading monkeys who have
earned place in the astronomical hall
Of fame. Able and Baker will go down
in history as the first members Of the
animal kingdom (including, of course,
MANI to ride 10,000-mile -arl-hour
rocket as far as 800 miles into space
and return unframed. In so doing
however reluctantly they have accom-
plished a bit of spatial pioneering that
viii make it easier for man, one Of these
days, to ride space vehicle into orbit
or to some distant planet.
The round-trip simian passengers
In the nose cone of an Army Jupiter
missile performed the valuable service
OF providing our research scientists with
physiological and other data during the
15-ninute course of the / ,500-mile fight.
BY monitoring various devices installed
in the nose cone (some of them attached
to the little monkeys) the experts were
able to keep tab on the reaction of the
passengers to the experiment. From
this information and from a physical
examination of the animals after their
recovery from the Atlantic Ocean, it was
evident that they endured the ride quite
well.
Thus, the test was successful not
only from the standpoint of the safe
return of the monkeys but of the effec-
tiveness of the complex monitoring de-
vices. Similar devices presumably will
be used in keeping close observation on
the first man or men to risk their lives
in rocket ride to the frontiers of
space. One major monitoring gadget
apparently functioned properly within
the nose cone, but the results were lost
through failure of telemetering in
strument. While the data sought were
only supplementary, the loss was disap-
pointing because it involved the opera
ton of a radiotelegraph key by one of
the monkeys, patiently trained to press
the key whenever a light in the cone
flashed. This would have been a test of
endurance and intelligence of interest
to laymen as well as experts.
Some persons will criticize the use
Of the monkeys in this important test.
However, there clearly is need to make
tests with animals before human being
is sent on his first fateful venture
into space. The Russians already claim
to have rocketed two dogs to a height
of 28l miles and brought them back
alive. And our own Air Force in 1858
recovered two monkeys who had been
sent 40 miles in the air over New Mexico.
Such experiments are essential if man
ever is to realize his aspiration of ex-
ploring the universe beyond the earth's
atmosphere.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-29
Questions and Answers
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE
reader get mail question Of fact BY
washington
sehaddesed

@. Is the United States the
only country troubled by a
shortage of scientific and
technical manpower?-L. A.
A. By no means; reports
show this to be a world
wide problem. In the United
Kingdom, for example, in
dustrial firms believe the need
for technical graduates will
be a third higher in 1859
than 1t was in 1856, with not
enough more graduates to
compensate. In West Ger
many, the backlog of needed
engineers is expected to hit
$4,000 by 1860. France. where
the percentage of engineers
to the active population is
only O.3 per cent compared
with IA in America), also has
q serious shortage. So do
Canada, Japan. South Africa
and Switzerland, to name q
few. Some countries-Italy,
India, Latin America, Mexico
= on the other hand. report
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-29
Scenic Truck Route
Facts that sholld be faced

Facts that should be faced
in the matter Of the Glover
Archbold express road is that
much Of this land long has
been an inaccessible jungle,
and will no doubt remain
that way to the end of time,
which makes it useless to any.
one, if a road is not put
through there. That people
are shedding tears over its
loss as a park is ridiculous!
Huge interstate and local
trucks, which roar through
our city streets, should be d.
rected into a safe road, in
stead Of being a constant
threat to human life.
We appreciate the park Of
f1cials' desire to preserve park
areas, but there are thou
sands of acres of empty, USE
less park land in and around
Washington which should be
developed for recreation, es-
pecially athletics, which hui
mans Of all ages are desper
ately in need Of.
Another express road that
should be developed without
any more impractical wran-
Cling is one in the valley of
Rock Creek Park. The sides
are so steep, it is useless for
recreation, but it is perfect
for providing overhead cross
roads. The level areas along
the edge Of the park would
not be practical for an ex-
press road, but good for rec
reation.
The express road along the
Potomac River from Cabin
John to the city should also
have been made an all-pur-
x1aea ,.0aH W~.LaI n NHoz-s
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-29
GWU's Campus

A great deal Of needless confusion
has surrounded George Washington
University's request that the Commits
sioners indorse the schools downtown
campus expansion plan. Much Of this
confusion has emerged from an obvious
misunderstanding Of the facts, a nisun-
derstanding which we hope was cleared
UP at the recent informal conference
attended by the city heads, university
off1cialS and residents of the GNU area.
At that conference, the university
stressed that it is asking the Commits
sioners only to give sort Of general
blessing to its long-range expansion
plan. This, officials said, would pub
licly recognize" that an expanded cam
puS is in the best interests of the grow
ing National Capital area and that the
plan should be general guide for de-
velopment Of the area" including such
small urban renewal projects as may
later be determined to be feasible"
Such an approval in principle" they
said, would have no legal force in itself.
Nor would it commit the city to any
CkSSAA4O dNVAOn 4AA Vic 4ubulC. 4AC
verSity's position, however, is that the
expansion has gone about as far as it
can go without a tremendous increase
in effort and expense--Steps which the
university is reluctant to take without
some general expression of support from
the community.
Is this an unreasonable request?
We do not think so. In an opinion
advising the Commissioners against it,
however, the District Corporation Coun-
sci cites arguments which appear to us
to indicate misunderstanding of the
request.
The Districts counsel, for example,
questions the use of eminent domain
powers to acquire land for the univer-
Sity, and argues at length as to whether
urban renewal powers should apply to
the GNU area. These legal questions
may or may not become pertinent at
some later date, if redevelopment off,
Gals determine that such projects are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-29

they have enough technical
people but lack highly quail
fled specialists.
@. What is a ductile metal?
IT. S.
A. A metal is ductile when
it is pliable enough to be
pulled into q very thin thread
without breaking. Such metals
as gold, silver, platinum. iron,
nickel, and copper have this
property.
@. Where is the country's
largest herd of buffalo?
H. s.
A. The largest herd Of buff
falo on the continent roams
freely in Custer State Park,
South Dakota, which Is a
combination game preserve
and public park. Some L.
200 buffalo are among the big
game animals which live I'M
der natural conditions in q
5S,000-acre wildlife preserve
within the parks 10000
acres.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-29
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
BY THOMAS R. HENRY


determining the age Of water
levels. For this purpose 1t
was essentiau to fix q pre-
thermometer : age value.
This was about one part in
5000 trillion OF water.
Following 1854, says the
report. the value for the sur
face waters doubled. Work.
ing with the old values La
mont scientists found that
the water of most Of the
Atlantic surface Is about rs
years old-that is, rs years
since the bulk Of it fell as
rain. Older water sinks from
the surface carrying with it
its tritiun1 which constantly
is disintegrating so that COM
plicated calculations must be
made to determine age.
Three samples collected
from the bottom Of the North
Atlantic showed measurable
tritium. It is possible, says
the report to the Geophysi-
cal Union. that some surface
water sinks in high latitu-
des and flows rapidly along
the bottom without mixing
completely. Thus the tritium
content of the bottom waters
found may not be represents
alive Of deep ocean levels as
a whole.
Reflected in Lakes
Lakes and streams Of both
the United States and Eu-
rope, according to the report,
were quick to reflect the in
creased tritium content Of
rains in 1854. Marked in
creases were found after the
first "hot" rains - that is,
radioactive. However, the
surface run-of accounted for
the major portion Of the
contamination carried by the
streams.
Says the report: A cal
culation of the coSmic ray
production Of tritium was
made. using the Atlantic
Ocean as the reservoir on
which the material balance
was made. The production
is assumed to occur both
above and below the tropo-
pause twhere decrease Of
temperature with altitude
stops, with 40 per cent oc-
curing below. The produce
ton is calculated as about
rs atoms per second per
square centimeter of the
earth's surface"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-29
Snake Expert

In defense Of the many
beautiful, graceful, fascinat-
ing but much maligned snakes
of these United States, 1
protest the eye-catching piece
Of journalism in The Star,
May 20, concerning the 12-
year-old Goforth boy in Fair
fax County who was bitten
by q "copperhead."
1t is indeed unfortunate
that so many otherwise well
informed persons, who take
pride in their ability to iden-
tify birds, flowers, trees, fish.
mammals, ETC., loathingly
identify every snake seen
on the land as a copperhead
and every snake seen near
the water as a water mocca-
sin. 1t is even more unfor-
tunate that a person, having
accidentally been bitten by a
snake, is not sure, as in this
case, whether the bite is that
of a venomous or a harmless
variety even though the snake
has been captured and placed
in a bottle. ! find it hard to
believe that during this boys
tour around the countryside
from private doctor to Fort
Myer to Fort Belvoir, some
one wasn't able to identify
either the wound or the snake
and give the necessary first
aid. If the boy actually was
bitten by a copperhead. I'm
sure that by the time he
arrived at Fort Belvoir. with
out first aid, there was no
question in the doctors mind.
The symptoms at this stage
are progressive swelling up
the arm, burning pain, per-
spiration, nausea and the
fang puncture wound. I also
doubt, contrary to your story
that any competent medi-
cal doctor would administer
antivenom serum without
definitely establishing the
bite as that Of q poisonous
snake. Antivenom serum
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-29
UnpoIIed

On May % The Star quoted
Carl Shipley, chairman of the
D. c. Republican Committee,
as saying that "the organiza-
ton is virtually unanimous in
backing Commissioner Kar-
rick as president of the Board
of Commissioners"
I am q member Of the COM
mittee and to my knowledge
we have not been polled on
this matter. nor our opinion
asked.
Mrs. Higginson Rogers.
Editors note: The pref
erence for Mr.. Karrick was
expressed in a poll Of the IL
members of the Republican
groups executive commit
tee.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-29
BLADENsBURG, Md.

0AAkAA(A94NAo0OA 4hAs
Dear Friend:
Have been reading your
column for several years,
and find that you and ! have
much in common.
II live in the suburbs, have
lots of big oak and gum trees
in my yard, and the squirrels
come down and bark at my
dogs.
Have about 10 dogs, and
five cats.
your recent article about
the lunch box brings this re-
Spouse. I work for the Gov
eminent and have been car
rying my lunch for years.
IT have a plastic bag lined
with fiberglass, large enough
to hold two or three quarts
Of milk, etc. Into this I put
a carton Of milk, and a cou-
pie of small cakes.
ALSO canned ice cubes,
about the size of q can of
concentrated fruit Juice. I
put q couple of cans Of this
in the bag to keep the food
cool. At night, I take these
cans of ice cubes out and
put them in the deep freeze
and freeze them over again.
"In this way, / have cool
refreshing milk to drink, my
choice of any assortment of
small cookies or cakes, fruit
juice, etc. for my lunch. No
thermos bottle to wash, and
whatever milk is left over
goes back in the refrigerator
for future use.
Sincerely, P. S."
Perhaps nothing takes an
older person back to his
childhood days quicker than
bringing his lunch to work,
provided he has not been
doing so.
In his teens, and before, he
had a tin lunch box Of
japanned metal, as it was
called, filled with jelly sand
witches, as he recalls.
He can remember nothing
but jelly sandwiches.
And Jelly roll. for desert.
In those dear old days.
mothers had no ideas about
diet except that food be fill
ing.
Nobody had any ideas
about diet, in those days, be-
cause modern nutrition was
Just being invented, as it
were.
Mothers had never heard
about proteins.
They knew nothing Of the
amino acids, the building
blocks of the proteins, Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-29

Nuclear bomb detonations
are doubling the production
rate Of earth's rarest element.
tritium.
This a triple-weieht, RADIO
active hydrogen. It normally,
occurs In a ratio Of about one
atom 10 10000, 0OO, 900, 900 Of
ordinary hydrogen, which is
the most abundant material
In creation and supposedly
the mother element from
which all others have been
built.
Tritium is created by cos
mic ray bombardment Of the
upper atmosphere. It is
mildly radioactive, emitting
beta rays and has a half life
Of q little over IL years. It
combines with ordinary by
drogen and oxygen to form
molecules Of water.
Doubled Since 1854
This Is the basis Of q report
by Drs. Bruno J. Giletti. Fer
nando Bazan and j. Laurence
Kulp Of Columbia Univer-
sity's Lamont Geological OBJ
servatory to the American
Geophysical Union. They
tried to determine the basic
cosmic ray production of the
rare gas near the roof of the
world as distinguished from
the production by nuclear
bomb radiations.
Before 1854, they conclude,
the total amount Of natural
tritium on this planet was
a little less than Is pounds,
an amount which has at least
doubled due to thermonu-
clear tests. The strongest
effect was found in rainfall,
for the tritium apparently is
incorporated in water mole
cules high in the atmo-
sphere. The values changed
from one tritium atom TO
8 thousand trillion parts of
ordinary hydrogen in normal
times to more than tenfold
this amount at the peak time
in a test series. Following
the tests a maximum half
time Of wash-out from the
high atmosphere was found
to be about IS days and the
worlds base level rapidly
rose.
OF special concern to the
investigators were the normal
and bomb-inducted change
of tritium level in the ocean
where the gas is Of value in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-29

given to q person bitten by a
harmless snake can be quite
dangerous due to the serum
reaction suffered by many
persons.
Certainly we all hope that
the authorities now studying
the snake will, in due time,
determine that it is a harm
less species.
Richard A. AtweIl.
Editors note: 1t. Col. Pat
E. Goforth was assured by
the Fort Belvoir Medical
Center that his son would
not suffer bad reaction to
the antivenom even if the
snake proved nonpoisonous.
Because of its immature
nature, the snake has not
been positively identified as
a copperhead. Young Goforth
is recovering nicely.)