davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-30

The corridor was and is German.
The dictate of Versailles is not
law for us Germans. :"
The Fuehrer looked tired and
tense. But everyone agreed he
was at his oratorical best. His
eyes burned with the familiar fire.
He promised victory: II am
going to see to it that peace
reigns on our Eastern border as
it does on other frontiers. Ger
many is ready to fight even a 10
year war for its rights and the
final peace of Europe"
He threw a seductive hint to
the Western powers: "We want
nothing from the Western powers.
We have formally declared we
have no claims against them. Our
West wall tof fortifications) is
also our West border"
Hitler spoke Tor SO minutes.
When we had finished. the
Reichstag rose as man and
pledged allegiance to. its Fuehrer.
A band struck UP Deutschland
Uber Allies" and Horst Vessel"
and the Reichstag sang as Hitler
left the hall.
IL AM.
Like men drugged, nations still
at peace went about doing little
things to prepare for the war
that seemed all but inevitable.
Berlin curbs were painted white,
a guide during blackouts. Bar
rage balloons sprouted over Paris.
London subway stations closed for
conversion into air raid shelters.
Still. some men chung to hope.
Benito Mussolini, the bald, jut-
jawed Italian dictator, a peace
time ally of Hitler, had a "solu-
ton: Surrender DanZig to the
Reich; place the corridor under
neutral control. France accepted
in principle. Britain, in effect.
turned it down. Hitler said
nothing.
1880 Am.
The British cabinet met, ad-
journed and said nothing. It was
known that Poland had invoked
its week-old mutual assistance
pact with Britain. Would Britain
back away from its solemn treaty
in order to avert a general war?
Bpm.
The Polish army reeled under
battle blows it did not fully I'M
derstand. Planes rained bombs on
its front and its rear. Small,
tough armored units bolted
through gaps in the lines to
spread destruction behind the
front. 1t was a new type of war
fare: "Blitzkrieg" lightning war.
$40 PM.
Sir Neville Chamberlain, tall,
spare, ever formal In his black
suit and winged collar, rose to
address the House of Commons.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-30
Saturday, Sept. z, 1889

1901 AM.
France modified its full man
power. Evacuees fed a BACKED
out Paris, jamming highways to
the provinces and hindering troop
movements. The city lay bathed
in bright moonlight, naked and
shivering to any surprise attack.
9 AM.
Rumors, nourished in hope, flew
wildly. In Berlin they were say
ing: Britain and France have
backed down. It's another
Munich: another Czechoslovakia.
In Paris: Hostilities have ceased.
Hitler wants to negotiate.
IL NOON
German troops from East Prus-
STA and Pomerania were close to
union near Kuhn, almost sealing
of the Polish Corridor. Cities and
towns we'll inside the Polish border
had fallen. Jozef Lipski, the
Polish Ambassador, had left Ber-
lin.
Does this mean," a newsman
asked, that diplomatic relations
have been broken?"
Call it that if you will" said
a Foreign Office spokesman. ITS
hard, however, to apply old terms
to this new situation. Many &C
cepted terms of international law
go by the board these days."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-30

Munich and all it stood for was
nearly year behind the gaunt
Prime Minister. Had he changed
in that time? Some said he had.
At times, in low tired voice, he
seemed on the verge of declaring
war. But the declaration did not
come. In a stately prose, Cham
berlain extended Hitler one more
chance: Withdraw from Poland
and negotiate or else.
IF the reply to this last warn
ing is unfavorable-and I do not
suggest that it is likely to be
otherwise-H Majesty's ambas-
sador is instructed to ask for his
passport. In that case, we are
ready. Final steps have been
taken in accordance with prear-
ranged plans"
Chamberlain still held to
slender hope.
SPIN.
London began to evacuate its
children. Youngsters crowded the
city's railroad stations. Each
carried gas mask, a bag of
clothing, a sack of sweets. parting
gifts from parents. Each wore a
tag bearing his name. Loudspeak-
ers doomed in the darkened sta
tons. The children we're strangely
quiet.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-30
Sunday, Sept. 3. 1889

s AM.
The German blitzkrieg slashed
deeper into a virtually helpless
Poland. In a castle in Door,
Holland, an old man with fierce
mustache plotted the course OF
the war with little colored pins on
a wall map of Poland. He was
Kaiser Wilhelm II, exiled war
leader of another Germany.
9 AM.
Sir Neville Henderson, British
Ambassador in Berlin, handed a
final ultimatum to Paul Schmitt
of the German foreign office.
Schmitt relayed it to Hitler, in
conference with Foreign Minister
Joachim Won Ribbentrop. The
Fuehrer sank into a chair. He
stared straight ahead for a long
moment.
What are we going to do?" he
asked Won Ribbenthrop.
10 AM.
The British Broadcasting Corp.
had an announcement. The Prime
Minister would broadcast to the
nation at 11:15 am. A hushed
crowd assembled at Downing
street. Sunlight sparkled on the
Thames. Liquid symphony music
poured from the radio. Big Ben
tolled.
Ills AM.
"I am speaking to you from the
cabinet room at 10 Downing
street" The Primo Minister'S
voice was weary. At times, he
faltered. But there was no
mistaking the import of his words.
The deadline had been IL am.
Had there been a German re-
ply?
II have to tell you now" said
the Prime Minister DULY, that no
such undertaking has been re-
ceived and that consequently this
country is at war with Germany.
Now, may God bless you
all. :"
And, almost as Chamberlain
finished speaking, there came the
wall of an air raid siren, signaling
the advent of a long darkness.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-30
San Sobbo Symbol Of tragedy
In Worlds Refugee Camps

UN this year, World Refugee Year.
BY next year, the UN High Com
missioner for Refugees hopes to
have them all out OF camps.
This would not mean that the
refugee problem had been solved:
far from it. But at least the pipe
line would have been cleared so
that new people entering it could
see a little light at the end OF
the tunnel and not be faced with
indefinite years Of dreary camp
life.
Coming In BY Hundreds
Some four hundred refugees q
month are flooding into San
Saba. 1t is not considered dis
Greet, since Yugoslav is friendly
neutral, to emphasize that they
are fleeing from Communism; but
it is a fact.
Here in Italy, according to Mr..
Crasnig, IS per cent are given
refuge. Others say the figure is
bit lower. but at any rate nearly
everyone but criminals, known
prostitutes, and spies are admitted.
In Austria, we'll over half the
Yugoslav refugees were turned
back and forced to repatriate-a
fact which has aroused storm
of protest. AuStrians say publicly
that it is because they are ECO
nomic refugees" that is. just
people who want a better life, not
political refugees escaping per-
Secution.
Privately, AuStrianS say: 1T
you are so concerned about these
people, why don't you take some
of them YOURSELF" AS evidence
that the outside world sets one
standard for Austria and another
for itself, they point to the case
of the four Yugoslavs who slowed
away on a Danish freighter and
were denied entry by half dozen
countries, including Canada and
the United States, until finally,
last week, Austria gave them
refuge. Refugees are already q
tremendous burden on the Aus
TRAN economy.
The U. N. is working hard to
make World Refugee Year a sue
cess and so are many other Or
CARNATIONS. But money is slow
in coming in; some countries have
not even organized United Fund
drives. And most immigration
legislation is still impersonaA
cruel, and restrictive.
1t is obvious from this side OF
the ocean, after a survey of camps
in four countries, that lot more
will have to be done. If World
Refugee Year fails, the doors OF
San Saba will slam shut again
not to keep the world out, bat
to lock tragedy in.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-30
By LILLIAN LEVY
Contributing Writer

WARSAW.-The Goth anniver-
sary of the beginning of World
War II has a special meaning and
poignance to Poles. For they bore
the brunt of the first attacks which
Hitler Embossed upon Europe.
Memory of the swift and bloody
German conquest is still sharp
and painful to the Polish people
their resistance was crushed in
less than a month. Casualties
were heavy. One out Of every four
Polish soldiers was either wounded
or killed in the September cam
paign. And surrender brought
Poland even greater death and
destruction. During the six years
of German occupation. the total
of dead and wounded rose to
over seven million, a fourth of
the pre-war population. German
destruction and pillaging of cities
and industries ran into billions
of dollars.
1t is against this background of
devastation that memorial serv-
ices throughout Poland will mark
the goth anniversary of World
War II Tuesday.
A Memorial Exhibition
At Westerplatte in Gdansk
formerly .Danzig) where the first
hard fighting began. the day of
remembering will begin with a
roll-call of the soldiers fallen in
battle. Secular and religious me-
mortal services will follow. At the
post Office in Gdansk, the site
of last-ditch resistance. a mass
meeting is scheduled and it will
include with a manifesto calling
for world peace.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-30
WORLD WAR H. 20 YEARS AFTER
The First Three Terrible Days

But one accepted term held
fast: Valor. In the peninsula
fortress of Westerplatte. COM
handing Danzig harbor, Mai.
Henryk Sucharski and 201 Poles
still held out. Occasionally they
fired tracer bullets into the air
to show the Germans they were
still alive and defiant.
PM.
Chunky. brooding Edouard
Daladier, Premier of France and
another Munich veteran. adj
dressed the French Chamber of
Deputies. He spoke of Frances
pledges to Poland. He spoke Of
honor.
"At the price of our honor we
would only buy a precarious peace.
which would be revocable and,
when we have to fight tomorrow.
after havoing lost the esteem
of our allies and other nations,
we would only be a wretched ma
ton, sold to defeat and slavery"
"(But) even at this moment, II
the Germans leave Poland. if they
stop their aggression, France will
not refuse efforts for negotia-
TONS"
Daladier, too, still chung to a
slender hope.
1880 PM.
Chamberlain spoke again in
Commons war-minded Com
mons. Hitler had not replied to
the British ultimatum. The
Prime Minister speculated on the
lack of reply. Could it be, he
said, that the delay is caused
by consideration of the proposals
put forward by the Italian govern
ment?"
Commons received the speech
in silence. Memories rose OF a
day, less than a year ago, when
Chamberlain returned from
Munich with now symbolic UNI
brella and peace in our time"
Laborite Arthur Greenwood put
Commons feelings into words.
There may be some reason why
instant action was not TAKEN" he
said. But wonder how long we
are prepared to vacillate at a
time when Britain and all Britain
stands for in civilization is in
peril"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-30
Poland, First Hit in World War;,
Still Working on Reconstruction

place today in Auschwitz (now
OSweicim), the Infamous eXtermi-
nation camp where Germans put
to death four and a half million
Poles and other captive nationals. :
Preserve Signs Of Atrocities
Auschwitz is now a museum,
where mans inhumanity to man Is
on daily exhibit. 1t is the one
place in Poland where an effort
has been made to preserve rather
than to erase evidence of German
occupation. However, time, nature
and disuse have mellowed even
AuSchwitZ in these two decades.
Victims and jailers are both gone.
There are rows of stately trees
and green covers the ground in
front of the cell blocks and bunk
ers where once not even a blade OF
grass could live because starving
inmates plucked it for food. Inside
the bunkers, statuary in marble
and stone have replaced the former
inmates.
Auschwitz today does not have
the macabre appearance it once
had. 1t is a frame without pic
ture. What one sees there now
depends upon individual ability to
identify oneself with its victims.
Today's mass meeting at Ausch-
WITT will be attended by teachers
from all over Poland. They will
draw up a manifesto and demon-
strate for world peace. In choos-
ing this meeting place, the edu-
Gators intended that the drama
of place and circumstance remind
the world that while mankind has
survived all the horrors of the last
war even AuSchwitz . it may
not survive another.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-30
Friday, Sept. !, 1889

Gray lines of German soldiers
stood in the hot dawn to hear the
order of the day. This day, it
was from Hitler himself. 1t spoke
of border violations by the Poles.
1t spoke of meeting force with
force from now on"
"The German army" Hitler ex-
horted ominously, will conduct
a fight for honor and the right to
the life of the resurrected German
people with firm determination.
Long live our people and our
Reich!"
$40 AM.
Blue dawn crept into the small
Polish coastal town of Puck. With
it came the cold black bombers,
swastikas Haunting. Then came
the bombs. Little Puck was the
first.
5:45 AM.
Five German armies, equipped
with fighting tools and strategies
the world had never seen,
slammed across the Polish border.
Objective: Total destruction OF
Poland's half modified forces
and an end to a local" war be-
fore Britain and France could
interfere
It was war, yet it wasn't. There
were no declarations. 1t was not
unexpected, yet it somehow came
as a surprise. 1t was thing to
be dreaded, yet to some it came
as a relief. The chancelleries OF
the world absorbed the news
slowly. 1t was not yet a world
war. Perhaps. -.
8 AM.
Albert Forster, the Nazi chief
of state in Danzig, proclaimed the
free city in reunion with the
Reich. Gunfire ratified among the
city's gabled houses. The red.
white and black swastika flag
went UP over the headquarters of
the League of Nations Commits
sion.
Danzig, historic Free Hanseatic
CITY. had been under the protec-
ton of the League of Nations,
its isolation from Germany a
bitter pill for Germans to swallow.
Only 253 miles from Berlin it was
one of the Europe's most i'm
portant seaports. Its status as a
free city was guaranteed by the
Treaty of Versailles, one of the
clauses in the treaty which the
Germans resented most.
$3.50 AM.
The first bombers appeared over
Warsaw. They dropped their
bombs. Warsaw was more curious
than frightened. CommuniqueS
conf1icted. Military detectives, +"
said the Germans. women and
children" claimed the Poles.
1910 AM.
Hitler assembled the Reichstag
podium in Berlin'S Knoll Opera
House. He was dressed in a
simple gray uniform. An Iron
Cross dangled from the breast of
his tunic. The party emblem,
the swastika, decorated his arm.
He began to speak:
"Danzig was and is German.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-30

simultaneously at Sopot and
Gdynia, adjoining cities invaded
and conquered that same Friday
20 years ago, memorial rally and
exhibition will be held. The exhi-
bition, officially to be opened Tues
day, will display pictures and
models of the Polish feet and
the sea battles in which 1t was
engaged during the War.
Like Warsaw, these three Baltic
cities were special targets for.
German destruction. And, as in
the reconstruction of Warsaw. the
effort to repair and restore has
been prodigiouS.
In Gdansk, the post Office that
was almost leveled in the first
month of the war has been re-
stored to its original pre-war APP
pearance. The old town section
of that city with its charming and
unusually decorated buildings
dating back to medieval times has
been rebuilt, even to the coobleo
streets.
A casual visitor would find it
hard to believe that these cities
had been bombed. Similarly IN
Sopot and Gdynia, the visible
damage has been eliminated. With
the old facilities in repair, new
building and expansion are be-
ginning.
This passion for growth and
expansion typifies today's Poland.
It is in this bustling atmosphere
of progress and development that
the hundreds of programs and
memorials looking backward to
World War II will be held. with
one notable exception. This is the
poignant and impressive comment
orative meeting that will take
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-30
BY WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

TRIESTE, Italy,-San Saba,
the forbidden camp Of Europe, Is
a tragic spectacle Of inhumanity
and suffering with overtones Of
courage, tenacity, and struggle
for better future.
For something like a year. San
Sabba-a refugee camp In an
abandoned warehouse here-has
been closed to outsiders because
Italy feared publicity on what had
become an international scandal.
am the first newspaperman to
visit this camp since the day its
doors slammed shut.
Much has been done to clean up
San Saba. Men still come out
of its brawls with knife wounds.
wine still flows freely at 3 cents
a glass. and some of the girls are
still drawn into prostitution, but
1t is no longer the hell-hole it
used to be.
Except for family quarters,
mems and women's barracks are
physically separated now and
guards are posted to keep them
apart at night-with what sue
cess remains to be seen since
refugee guards can be bribed.
There are 700 single men here
as against 80 girls and they have
lust come out of the pressure
chamber of Yugoslav communism.
To Help the Children
Stellio Crasnig, Italian camp
director, showed me with pride
the plot of earth beside a shed
where he plans to build a play
ground for the children-and
nearly every family has several.
There already is a nursery, COM
plete with baby sitter for young
sters of i'll or working mothers,
obviously built with care and
compassion.
But none OF this can DO more
than perfume the dirty underwear
of San Saba, or make it any
thing but tragedy to have to live
there. Some 1,270 refugees, nearly
all of them from across the Yugc-
slav border a scant mile away,
constitute the present camp popu-
lation.
They are packed in like fish in
the hold of a ship. Beds are
jammed together, II to a barren
barrackslike room with no space
between. Despite all efforts, the
building is disintegrating inside
and out, and laundry hangs from
stair wells as if to underline the
tenement appearance. Railroad
tracks which once brought in rice
for storage still run down the
middle courtyard.
A 7-year-old boy and his little
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-30

sister, 6, were riding tandem on
a wooden rocking horse when
came into the yard. Brown-haired
with bright brown eyes, they were
delightful children--with q gayety
and spontaneity which only a
child could manage in San Saba.
Their names were Bruno and
Luciano Mlakar. They had never
known any other home. Their
parents had fed from Pola, Yugo-
slavla. when Bruno was an infant
of 3 months. Luicana was born
in camp.
Soon thereafter. their father de-
serted the family, leaving his wife
with the children. No country
wants a destitute family without
a breadwinner; 1t isn't economic
ally profitable. So Virginia Mlakar,
80, is stuck in San Saba with no
prospect that either she or her
children will ever get out.
A Refugee Twice
Ivan Karcenko. "a, a gray-haired
mason with a deeply lined face,
came to see me. He has been a
refugee twice in his life-once
from Russia in 1920 and again
from Yugoslavia, his adopted
home, in 1850. Both times. he
said, he fed for the same reason
to escape Communist oppression.
Karcenko has been in San Saba
more than nine years. He prays
to emigrate to the United States
and has been told that the wheels
are turning-but he has heard
this before and it has always
turned out to be a bitter illusion.
IF only I can get somewhere
while I am still able to work." he
said wistfully. To men in forced
idleness for years. regular work
seems the next thing to heaven.
They've been telling me for
eight years, you will go. But I
stay. This time it will be the same
old story"
said I hoped not. His eyes
filled with tears, and you could
see that hope had not yet died.
For plenty of others it has. There
are Ill people at San Saba who
have been there 10 years or more.
Most OF them have been passed
over dozens CT times by govern
mental selection missions.
They are too old (some govern
ments refuse to consider anyone
over 400 or they have had TB or
they once got into a fight and
served a jail term or perhaps. like
Mrs. Mlakar, they just aren't
considered economic assets. Few
countries base their immigration
policies on humanitarianiSm.
Just such people-people who
have been in refugee camps for
tragically long periods of time
are being given top priority by the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-30
BY TOM HENSHAW
Associated Press Writer

It had been a full year of crisis
and tension.
First it was Munich and the
surrender of the Sudetenland.
Then it was Prague and the be-
trayal of Czechoslovakia. Then
an obscure place called Memel in
Lithuania. Now it was Danzig
and the Polish Corridor. Where
would 1t end?
It had been a great year for
Adolf Hitler, Fuehrer of a briS-
ting, belligerent Third Reich.
It had been a year of appease-
ment, too. A year when Munich
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-30

was the cynic's word for peace in
our time" A year when Western
powers stood by while Hitler first
threatened. then swallowed. the
Sudetens, the Czechs, the Slovaks
and Memel. The cycle was begin
ming again with Poland. When
would it end?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-30

Twenty years ago. in the momentous
period from 81 ON. Sept. ] to ll:l5
ON, Sept. 3. the world first teetered
on the brink, then plunged into the
greet wor. Here's q dromotic recon
struction Of those grim hours which
changed the foee Of the globe.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-30
HELP WOMEN

SECRETARIES, white, 5 days; In
teresting Jobs. some with rusty
shhd.; S3O0-S350 or better. v.
WOOD PERSONNEL Suite 232,
Southern Bldg, sos 18th 81. NV.
at H, DI. 7-5752. -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-30
HELP WOMEN
Pantry SalesclerkS
FOR
HOT SHOPPES, INC.

We have several openings for la
dies, 1924 years Of age, in
Shoppes located in Bethesda. Sill
yer Spring and wheaton. In addi-
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for advancement, our personnel
enjoys free meals and other bene-
fits; 8 or 9 day week, must
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either $3.50 a.m.-3 pm, or 3
pm. to closing. Call Mr.. Lott
after z pm. at OIL. 4-O4OI, or
apply employment once, 1871 @
st. NV, Room 200.
PARTY DEMONSTRATORS, carr
$40 to $50 per evening displaying
our guaranteed line Of varietS
merchandise: car nee; no col
Letting. no delivery. Call MRS
MCGOWAN. OIL. 6-5s32.
PIX OPERATOR, Marriott Motor
Hotel; relief hours, 5 days; full
time. Must be experienced on busy
board. Apply HOT SHOPPEs
EMPL. OFFICE, 1341 O st. NV.
Room 600
PIX OPRs., typing usually help
full: full and part time. Visit In
person, Mr. Wright, BOYD'9 cor
18th and q st. NV. RE. 7-2S2S,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-30
HELP MEN AND WOMEN


ALL TYPES OF JOBS OPEN
Waitress, Counter, rk-Iypists,
Store maids, Domestic help, In or
no. s-S67l
AUTO BODY and fender helper,
Dry cleaner clerk -----~---. $40
ISSOrsrs and truck drivers $50
Pract. nurses and aids $50
Tire changer and serv. stat. attend
Counter, fountain and cook $40
Hotel maids, laundry WORKERS
Window cleaner 10. SIS
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