davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1959-12-27

As million in 1858 and this year
will hit an estimated SO million
a volume that is exceeded substan-
TALLY only by Chicago's giant
Midway Airport.
The airport crisis, recognized
early in the decade, brought con-
gresSional approval of a new air.
port at Burke. Va, in 1850. Long
controversy set in, and it was not
until the decade neared an end
that construction started on the
new Dulles international Airport
near Chantilly. BY this single ac-
ton, however, air congestion win
be greatly reduced. The job on
the ground is not nearly so simple.
With the steady growth of sub
urban development, more than
twice as many motorists now fight
their way across the District line
as did 10 years ago. New facilities
have not kept pace. For the first
time. however, the region at
tempted during the SOS to look
ahead.
The first step was a four-year
study which called for a S2A bill
lion system of freeways and rapid
transit to meet traffic needs in
1880. The emphasis turned dra-
matically away from the idea that
freeways alone can handle the job,
and that effective transit is the
only real answer.
AS the decade ended, the pros
poets of the new systems were not
clear, but strong support from the
Federal Government raised hopes.
Congress approval of a new
program in 1856 provided greatly
increased Federal aid to pay for
the new multi-lane freeWays. The
District alone has spent more than
S98 million on highways since
l950-and plans to spend $3.50
million more in the next six years.
In 1850, the District had Just
opened its new Whitehurst free
way-the last word in modern
design at the time. Today, work
is under way or completed on a
dozen freeWays or parkways which
are far better, led by the circum-
ferential freeWay that will encircle
the area. The regions biggest bot
tleneck-the Potomac River-has
at least been cracked. BY next
year, four new bridges-at Four
teepth street, Constitution avenue,
Jones Point and Cabin John
will be under way. as many bridges
as spanned the entire river a
decade ago.
The SOS also saw major
change in transit leadership, when
o. Roy Chalk took over the old
Capital Transit Co. franchise from
Louis Wolfson. And the Virginia
Legislatures, in an unprecedented
step toward area cooperation,
agreed to a compact to set up
regional transit regulatory body.
The regulatory compact grew
out of the formation of a WASH
ingtOn Metropolitan Regional
Conference-a group of elected
and appointed governing officials
Of the area. AS the SOS break, the
future of the area will rest to an
ever-larger degree in the hands of
such regional groups.
Evening star., 1959-12-27
NEW MEANINGS

ANGRY: As a description of a
group of young British writer's
of protest literature.
BEAT: Living so that rejection of
current values leads to a weary
study of the arts and philoso-
phies of the East.
BRUSH FIRE: WAR a small but
dangerous war.
CLEAN: Said of a nuclear bomb
relatively lacking in fallout.
DIRTY: Said of a nuclear bomb
having substantial fallout.
ORBIT: To place ian artificial
satellite) in a closed trajectory
around the earth, moon, etc.
PAYOLA: Rewards in cash or
kind for the performance of
undeserved favors; the doing
for a consideration of that
which should be done without
charge.
SACK: A WomsnS dress, SEEM
lngly untitled.
SUMMIT: A meeting of top-level
officials.
Evening star., 1959-12-27
The Economy

One of Metro Washington's
brightest spots during the SOS was
a steady growth-refecting tre-
mendous vitality-in business and
employment.
Total employment, over the
period, jumped 81 per cent, from
666,200 in 1850 to an estimated
843,500 as 1860 begins.
Strangely enough the Capitals
major industry" government
increased only II per cent in en-
ployment, while local and State
government workers jumped by
l28 per cent. The solid economic
strength, however, was a 81 per
cent jump in private employment
Evening star., 1959-12-27
Leisure Time

The SOS marked the growth Of
television from little more than
a curiosity to the dominant enter
tainment- leisure time medium of
the age. In contrast to today's
Tele-Vue, The Stars "radio-TV"
page 10 years ago today was de-
voted almost entirely to radio.
How many TV programs were
listed for the day? Exactly 10!
Contrary to early fears, TV did
not become a complete substitute
for other leisure activities. Lii
brarians report that book reader
ship today Is higher than ever.
The movie industry. rather than
fading. has been stimulated to
make better films and better
theaters to house them.
In Washington, for example, the
decade saw the end of the old
Columbis-but only to make way
for q 1000 seat theater which
will be a cross between the old
movie palace" Of the '20s and
the miniature art houses" of
today. 1t is typical Of other plans
for theaters geared to films fewer
in number but higher in quality.
The legitimate theater in Wash
ington remained solid. The SOS
saw the loss Of the Shubert. But
in 1881 Washington gained the
and the economic life Of Wash
ington.
While dispersal died as a con-
cept. however, the sos made it
plain that the National Capital
has actually become a National
Capital Region. A shortage of
suitable sites downtown already
had sent several agencies to the
suburbs. In the sos, the Atomic
Energy Commission was the first
to go. settling near Germantown,
Md. The Central Intelligence
Agency followed, and its huge new
center is nearing completion near
Langley, Va.
The sos also saw Federal con-
struction in the city of a new
General Accounting Office build
ing. the new District Courthouse
and the Washington Hospital
Center. Under way was an ex-
panded State Department, a huge
new Smithsonian Museum of
History and Technology and a
new general-purpose Office build
ing at Fourth and independence
avenue S.W.
These structures, however,
Arena. which has grown steadily
in popularity.
The growth of suburban life
brought leisure changes of its
own. "Drive-ins" were jammed
whenever the weather is good.
Country club memberships hit
new highs. Community swimming
pools abounded. Golf and tennis
courts became more crowded every
year. Larger back yards opened
a new era Of outdoor living"
Within the District, plans were
developed for a new 50,000-seat
sports stadium. After one failure,
plans were well along for a $50
million National Cultural Center
on the banks of the Potomac. In
all, the emphasis on leisure ac-
Evening star., 1959-12-27
Continued From Page B. 3

Continued From Page B-3
into space by obsolete missiles.
Almost by accident they scored,
with Sputnik 1, the greatest prop
aganda victory of the century.
With the compact bomb in its
arsenal at last, the United States
shifted priority from weapons to
weapons systems; that is, from
bombs to bomb-carrying rockets.
Starveling missile projects sud-
denly received virtual blank
checks. Whole new industries
grew overnight.
The advanced electronic COM
puter, which DR.. Won Neumann
helped create to assist him with
his work on the H-bomb, was
refined to become the little black
box that steers missiles and
spacecraft on their courses and
that took the nuclear submarine
Nautilus under the polar ice in
1858. A new industrial revolution
ensued.
Growth Of Industries
Growth of exciting new indus
tries was so rapid that as the
decade ended the head of Cen
eral Electric Co. was able to re-
port to his stockholders that GE
was now employing $4,000 work.
erS on products and processes that
20 years earlier were unknown.
Now at the start of the SOS,
super-bombS and SpaceShipS-
the things science fiction was
made of at the end of the '4OS-
are things to reckon with and
pay for. Disarmament talks hinge
on questions of test explosions in
space, Of vast harborS to be Gre
ated inStantaneously by H-bomb
blasts, of the somatic and genetic
effects of substances that hardly
existed outside the lab in 1850.
History may we'll remember the
SOS as the period of the two
scorpions in bottle" The idea
behind this phrase is that at last
either of two great antagonists
has the power to wreak death and
destruction on the other at will
but not without fatal consequences.
Matter Of Retaliation
The question of whether Russia
could cripple or even fatally
wound the United States in a
surprise attack is hardly open any
longer to serious discussion. Sim
ilarly, the American people are as
Sured that even if the worst should
happen, the Republics final agony
would be tempered by the sweet
taste of revenge.
If the 1950s were the decade of
development of hydrogen fusion,
perhaps the 1960s will be the
Evening star., 1959-12-27
transportation

Traffic congestion, both in the
air and on the ground, represented
the greatest single development
problem of the '50s-and was the
subject of the greatest regional
effort.
National Airport already was
busy in 1850. handling a total of
l.6 million passengers a year. But
the passenger load jumped to
Evening star., 1959-12-27
The City's Growing Pains Lead into New Era

we're spent in planning contro-
versies.
Probably the greatest single
hurdle was q long legal challenge
to the entire idea that the Gov
eminent could take the private
property of thousands of people
including many decent, well-kept
homes-for the sake of improving
an entire area.
In October, 1854, the Supreme
Court upheld this concept in a
District ruling German v. Parker
which has become a guide to cities
throughout the country.
Evening star., 1959-12-27
Science in the Fifties

decade of decision as to its use.
If-by mutual deterrence, by SIM
pie good will, or otherwise-the
world finds a way to avoid war
for another 10 years, it may live
to see the dawn of a Golden Age.
If not, history may ratify-too
late-the Judgment of Nobel Lau-
Evening star., 1959-12-27

reates Isidor I Rabi and Enrico
Fermi in their dissenting opin-
ion" to the General Advisory Com
missions hydrogen bomb report Of
1919:
This weapon is necessarily
an evil thing considered in any
light"
Evening star., 1959-12-27
NEW COMBINATIONS

COUNT-DOWN: An bitrary
length of time preceding the
firing of an experimental mech
anism such as missile; the &C
tual counting of this time.
CRASH JOB: A job calling for the
greatest possible speed in ac-
complishment.
DISCOUNT HOUSE: A cut-price
store.
Evening star., 1959-12-27
Words of the Fifties

A random selection OF neW
tDordS since 1850 indicates some
OF Americas preoccupdtionS in
this decade:
Evening star., 1959-12-27

tivities was hitting a heavier pace
than ever before.
Evening star., 1959-12-27
Population Growth
IN THOUSANDS)

Estimates by Dr. jerome P Pd economist Hammer Co Associates
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-11

Democrats hoped to demons
strate In House debate on d
$50 billion appropriation bin
today that they are better saw
era" and al the same time more
realistic than Eisenhower adj
mlnistration budget makers.
The s6.43B.e30 800 funds
measure for operation OF a
score OF independent Federal
agencies during The coming
fiscal year II Sif5 million less
than the administration asked
and e406 million less than those
agencies received for the cur.
rent fiscal period.
II passed without change In
Appropriations Committee re-
Communications. II viii bring TO
about S73 million the total
which the House has cut thus
far from regular appropriation
bills for the 1850 fiscal year.
The so-called net savings
voted by the House since JAM
uary would be In the neishhor-
hood of $3.50 million II they
included the $207 million re-
Gently slashed from the adj
ministration's requests for sup
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-11

se.l billion independent Offices
appropriation bin waa expected
to show some sentiment for
restoring the SIS million cut
from the Civil Service Commits
sion items and s0me uf the esI
mullon sliced on the ga MI
lion which President EAsrn-
hover proposed for civil
defense.
But House leaders predicted
the big bin would so through
pretty much as Il was reported
out by the Appropriations
Committee.
Apparently eager 10 disprove
any administration charge that
they are wild ''spenders.
Democrats on the COMMITTEES
planned TO emphasize in today's
DEBATE that tney showed great
restraint In not demanding an
extra s773 million for the Civil
Service Commission.
That amount was sought by
the commission to finance the
Governments share OF pay
ments 70 the civil service
retirement fund. II was disap-
proved BY the Budget Bureau,
The committee said 1t reluc-
family decided against putting
that amount in the bill. II
nevertheless accused the
Budget Bureau OF taking an
unsound and unrealistic posi-
ton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-11

Elementary appropriations 70
carry numerous agencies
through the remainder of the
present fiscal year ending July
4.
IN passing 1890 fiscal year
bills. the House trimmed about
$50 million from administration
proposals for the Treasury and
Post once Departments. alB.f
million from the original Int
rior Department measure. and
e1 million from the District
bill The only funds BIN Il hal
boosted thus far was for the
| Labor and the Health. Educa-
| ton and welfare Departments
The siss million increase n
that instance went mainly Il
the Public Health Service anc
the Nation al Institutes oi
Health.
The Senate has not yet acted
on any Of those 1850 flsca'
year appropriation bills. In past
years II often has added u
House totals.
House debate today on tho
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-11

A magazine writer who
claims the Soviet ''Mechta"
moon rocket was Just q bic
Red lie was characterized today
as the recipient OF = big Red
sn0w-iob.
AZ least three members Of
the House Space Committee
bluntly told free lancer Lloyd
MalIan he had been showed by
the Russians during q two
month. i4.000-mile trip In the
Soviet Union last year.
out Of Mr. Mallan's trip came
$50 -rt'e'e In True magazine
giving the lie 10 Russian
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-11

The Eubcommlttee win not
meetiiar smother week, II ever,
The first suggestion 10 Mr.,
Mallan that he had been hood
winked BY the Russians came
midway In the writer's lengthy
and sometimes rambling testi-
mony. Representative Osmers,
Republican Of New Jersey. told
the witness:
I'm afraid our Soviet friends
may have been giving you what
"a known In the United states
as q snow Job"
Mr. Mallan's contention that
the Russians are far behind the
United States In al aspects ol
missllery was worked over ener.
gcntically BY the committee
Representative Wolf. Democrat
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-11

Of Iowa. told Mr.. MAllan that
such notions play into RUSSIAN
hands By lulllng the United
states into a false sense cl
security. and Representative
slsk. Democrat Of California.
told the Witness
The statements you are
making are lmpeaching the
testimony OF some Of the finest
scientists In the country"
The decision 10 let a SUBJ
committee handle the Mallan
AFFAIR was made. apparently
ofIhandedly. At mid-mornins.
Mr., Brooks said the full COM
mittee would so ahead with an
exploration Of the whole
panorama OF Soviet science,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-11
Writer'S depreciation
Of Red Moon Probe Hit

claims that q moon rocket was
launched by the Soviets Last
January !.
IA few OF the committee meme
beers gave evidence Of feeling
that the snow was falling Just
a bit In the House caucus room
this morning. The upshot was
that Chairman Brooks uncere-
moniously finessed the True
magazine probe 10 q gubcom-
mittee even before Mr.. Mallan
had finished testifying.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-11

while Mr.. Mallan's contentious
would be handled By = subcom-
mittee headed BY Representa-
tive Anfuso. Democrat OF New
York.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-11

Do more with the time you
save: Have a new Hertz Rent
A Car reserved whenever and
wherever American Airlines
flies you. Just call the nearest
Hertz Rent A Car office,
American Airlines or your
travel Agent. A new Chevrolet
or other fine car will be wait.
ing when you arrive. Low
rates include all gasoline, oil
and proper insurance. Try it.
Get the Hertz Habit.
It's Getting Aroundl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-02
FASHION NOTEBOOK
Trigere and Galanos Placed
In Hall of Fame Niche

late Claire McCardell were
two previous winners of the
award.
Jane Stark Of Look Maya
zine, chairman Of the 1859
jury of 70 fashion editors,
cited them both for their
contribution to American and
to the fashion world. Both
designers have put their own
recognizable stamp on their
designs for elegant women.
Independently creative,
masters Of the art of dress
making, both have done
much to bring ready-to-wear
fashion into the realm of fine
custom dreSsmaking.
s. So
Mrs. Jacob JavitS, wife OF
the New York Senator, will
turn model, Monday. when
she wears the last gown at
the Women's National Press
Club luncheon honoring
Fashion Designer, Pauline
Trigere. Mrs. Javits was
recently in Hollywood work.
ing in a film, who's That
Lady," Her personal ward
robe is full of Trigeres."
Women representing var
ious facets of Washington
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-02
Women's Group
To Be .Honored
By Review

The National Society Of
the Danes Of the Court Of
Honor viii be honored Sun
day at a special ceremonial
review by the Military Dis
trict Of Washington at Fort
Myer.
Maj. Gen. C. X. Gayley,
commanding the Military
District. will be on the re-
viewing stand with Mrs.
Robert Bachman Of this city
and Tennessee, president
general Of the society.
One Of the review high
lights will be a parade by
the Third Infantry-the Old
Guard - and the United
States Army Band.
National officers who re-
side in this area also are
expected to attend. They are
Mrs. william Thompson
Clark. third vice president
general and Mrs. Arthur
North Longfield, correspond
ing secretary general.
Others who have been in
vited include members Of the
District of Columbia Society
and the Virginia Society as
we'll as Mrs. Kirby-Smith
Anderson, honorary president
general of Madison, Ga, and
Mrs. William Clifton Carson
of Atlanta, Ca, a member
of the national board.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-02

wife Of the French Ambas,
sador, will be at the reception
to greet the French-born
designer, who has become one.
of Americas greatest design.
talents.
At the head table will be,
Washington hostess Mrs;
Gwen Cafritz: Miss Elizabeth
Fairall, retired ce-President.
Of julius Garflnckel 81 Co.,,
The Treasurer of The United.
States, Mrs. Ivy Baker Priest;
Mrs. Arthur Summerfield.
wife Of The Postmaster Gen..
eral; Mrs. Avram Harmon,
wife of the new Ambassador
of Israel and Mrs. Wiley.
Buchanan. :
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-02

and James Galanos. raised by
his Greek parents in Phila-
delphia, were elevated to the
illustrious design roster last
night in elegant ceremonies
at the Metropolitan Musuem
Of Art in New York.
Norman Norell, and the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-02
CAPITAL VISITOR
City Girl Teaches
Forming in Africa

What do you do when the
pesky balloons move in on
your corn patch and eat you
out of hut and home?
What's the technique for
keeping white ants from
chewing through your trees
overnight?
This is the sort Of thing
Josephine Drabek teaches to
classes in an agricultural
school in Uganda, British
East Africa.
Miss Drabek was a Wash
ington visitor this week.
Josephine, who halls from
Chicago, is a member Of the
Grail, a Catholic international
organization which borrows
talents from all nations to
spread the benefits of modern
civilization to hinterlands
around the world.
She attended the Mission
Secretariat Convention held
this week at the Shoreham
Hotel.
Josephine started out in
life far from a farm. A city
girl, she taught high school
for a year after graduating
from college.
Takes on Snakes
Subject? Algebra, and
geometry. Nothing at all
about poultry keeping, banana
plantations, how to tend
paw paw, pineapple and
guava trees, or how to keep
snakes from eating up your
hens.
tits really important out
in Uganda" says Josephine.
I've gone out to the nnyum-
ba y'enkoko (chicken-coop to
you) and almost stepped on
the snakes coming in for q
midnight snack"
The petite African agricul-
tural expert went to Uganda
in 1858 after several years of
preparation for her work at
Granville, Illinois where she
managed a 400-acre farm
producing hay, wheat and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-02

corn; milk, vegetables and
fruits.
This was all I knew when
I landed in. Kalisizo, Uganda
at Christ the King College.
But was lucky enough to
meet Marta Nakiwala, an
African woman whose kncwl-
edge. and love for the soil is
outstanding. We worked
hand-in-glove. when we ar
rived, there was just one hill
and a tree. We started dig
ging up the elephant grass.
Then we planted buga, a
kind of native spinach,
onions and cabbages.
Then the Bishop gave us
a farm and we planted 1000
banana trees. I'll never forget
it. Martha insisted that the
holes be six feet wide and
two feet deep.
This is not the way the
ordinary people do it; they
just put the stalk in the
ground and hope for the
best. But in other ways we
learned from the people
around us.
Nov National Catholic
Rural Life Conference has
recently donated a tractor to
the school. This is revolution
airy in our area.
Love Tractor
"The Africans are fasci-
mated by 1t and stand around
In amazement. We have made
all kind of friends through
the tractor for everyone
comes from miles around to
view it.
Agriculture is valuable to
teaching correct nutrition.
Balanced meals are unknown
for the most part, and chill
dren suffer from the con-
sequences. We are trying 10
teach the women and girls
how to feed their families
well on the foods which can
be raised locally"
Josephine arrived back in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-02
FASHION NOTEBOOK
BY ELEM
star Fashion Writer

Pauline Trigere is the first
living woman to have earned
q coveted niche in the Coty
American Fashion Critics
Awards Hall Of Fame.
The French-born designer,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-02

the States last month. She
isn't going back to Uganda.
That job will be carried on
by another girl from The
Grail.
Josephine is slated for
Ruandi, just south Of
Uganda, where she is to open
another school for agricul-
ture, for training young
women to be civic and
religious leaders in their own
country.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-02

life. will be head table guests
at the luncheon-fashion show
at The Mayfiower Hotel.
A reception at IL will
precede it. Mrs. Alphand,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-02

This dress and tunic of sheer brown tweed are
by Pauline Trieere, who was named to the Coty
Fashion Hall Of Fame in ceremonies held last
night in New York. She will be honored Mon
,doy at the Women's National Press Club
luncheon at 1870 p.m at the MoyfIower
Hotel. "Trieere Through the Yeors," q
retrospective collection of her fashion art,
as shown at right. will be featured There also
will be hiehIiehts from her new collection.