davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1959-11-04

brandies, runs, vines, iqueurs, alcohol, and an other
distilled, fermented or concocted alcoholic beverages or
distilled, spfrits-except beer-from ten percentum TO
five percentun. But in a show. Of disregard for the less
privileged citizen-Who can afford to drnk.beerlt main
tains the tax on beer at ten percentum, Thisris one facet
Of Bill No. 844 which I strongly oppose.
This reduction is the excise tax on distilled spirits
has apparently been made under pressure from those
members Of the trade who have offered to bring the sell
ing prices Of their wares down to q figure which would
puTportedly permit successful Competition with other
tourist islands in the Caribbean This argument has no
valid foundation. Tt fails to take note Of the fact that one
major tourist item-Scotch Whiskey-is landed here at
q cost to wholesalers of about $3.50 per case and sold to
retailers at about $1,000 per case-arspread of six to seven
dollars Of which the 1920 excise tax is responsible for less
than one and one-haf dollar. it the wholesalers really be
Ieyed that lower prices would increase their business,
they would surely have reduced their selling prices long
ago. They could still do so and maintain 3 reasonable
profit.
Additionally, the reduction-if there is going to be
one-of the selling price Of distilled spirits could not in
any way increase the sale Of these liquors because whole
SalerS often import these liquors on a quota basis and, in
turn, ration the commodities to the retailers. Thus, the
argument that the tourist trade would be greatly en-
HANGED by a tax reduction OF five percentum on distilled
spirits is, indeed, a spurious one.
am as interested as. il. the Legislature and the com
munity, in developing the tourist economy of the islands.
But 4 fail to see that the reduction Of the excise tax on
distilled spirits viii have any impact whatsoever on the
tourist business. Let. the. wholesalers and the retailers
voluntarily reduce soae4p of their fulsome profits. But do
not cause the community to reduce the comparatively in
fnitesimal tax which 1T now COLLECTS on these ,commodi-
ties. In fact, I would most strongly common that this
tax could well be raised to twenty percentlm rather than
lowered to five percentun.
l There is another serious objection to this Bill. Despite
my recommendation for permanent tax legislation, theLe-
giSlature has seen fit once again to fix the expiration date
of this law at June 80, 1861. There is absolutely no reason
for this limitation. Fiscal stability cannot be maintained
by playing hide and seek with important tax Legislation.
In view of the facts set forth above, and in the inter-
est of healthy and stable government, + have no ahoice
but to veto Bill No. 844. / ask that the Legislature Irame-
diately reconsider this Bill, increase the tax rate on dis
titled spirits at least to what it was before, and return it
to me for signature before adjournment.
Sincerely yours,
tSgdl John p. Merwin
John D. MerWin
Governor
, 1959-11-04
The Honorable
The President Of the Legislature
Charlotte Amalie
Saint Thomas, Virgin Islands
GOVERNMENT HOUSE

There is returned herewith, without approval Bill
No. 844, Third Legislature. Regular Session, 1859, An Act
to Levy Certain Excise, Gross Receipts and Other Inter
nal Revenue Taxes in the Virgin Islands and for other
purposes, passed by the Legislature on June 4, 1885,
After passing an eight million dollar budget, the
highest in the history Of this territory, amid theiappiaues
Of those who short-sightedly believe that q community
can spend itself into prosperity, the Legislature in. an
other classic example Of fiscal Responsibility, proceeds
to reduce. the revenues on which the budget is supported.
1t is not at all difficult and, Of course, it is always popular
to reduce taxes and to increase expenses This can be done
with minimum thought and effort. But it does take scour-
age and responsibility andtmaximum thought and effort
TO increase taxes and reduce expenses.
Bill No. 844 reduces the excise taxes on WHISTLES,
, 1959-11-04
PRIVILEGES Of THE 3

Senator Earle B. Ottley made representation on be-
half Of the Girl Scouts in the Virgin Islands for an .apprc-
priation to encourage girl scouting in the islands.
Senators Percival H. Reese and Joseph A. Gomez
discussed the Governors veto messages and took vehe-
ment objections to the Governors characterization Of le-
g~islature's work on the budget and the Internal Revenue
, 1959-11-04

i have the honor TO inform you that 4 have TINS dal
lctioned and approved the following bills which Wel
by the Legislature Of the Virgin Islands.
Bill No. $50, To providefor improvements at vari
Gus Schools in the District Of st. Thomas.
Bill No ga, To provide appropriations from the
Internal Revenue Matching Funds for the Fiscal
Year July i, 1859 to June 80, 1860, and for other
purposes. 9Th. 81.
Bill No. 945. To provide appropriations for Essen
tial Public Projects for the Fiscal Year July.
1859 to June 80, 1860, and for other purposes.
Bill No. $50, TO amend Bill No. 10, Sixteenth Lee
~gislative Assembly Of the Virgin Islands Of the
United States, 3rd Session 1851, as approved on
November 80, 1851.
Bill No. 951, TO Authorize the transfer Of Kings
Hill Home for the Aged in st. Croix from the De
partment Of Health to the Department of Social
Welfare. ,L
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-17
DORIS FLEESON
Dirksen at Bat for FrugoIity

up against such experts as
Senators Johnson, Mansfield
and Sparkman. All had served
with him in both Houses and
Senate and knew his gambits.
In the final confusion of
charges and countercharges,
Senator Dirksen was betray-
ed into saying: II have given
you the figures, the defense
rests" This was, Of course,
the position into which the
Democrats aimed to put him.
Realizing his mistake, he
cried hastily: mo, no, de-
Tense is the wrong word. We
need no defense"
The fact is-and all the
debaters knew it-that they
were playing q game Of tag
with the budget to see who
could pin the big spender
label on the other. All recog-
nize that the budget will be
big, it will be unbalanced and
there will be another big
deficit.
Neither party is making q
genuine, sustained and con-
sistent effort to have it other
wise. Nobody in Washington
from the President down is
setting an example Of the
kind Of austerity which would
at least help to dissipate the
aura of cynicism which hangs
over the whole situation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-17
Protecting Rights of All mU. S.

eral laws. Nor shall Con-
eress or the Executive. by the
provisions Of any law govern
ing appropriations. or BY any
other law or action. deny to
any State, or to the people
Of any Federal territory, the
right to the exclusive con-
troll Of It's educational in
stitutions. programs and cur
ricula.
"The statutes hitherto en-
acted by Congress granting to
certain States the exclusive
control Of their educational
institutions. programs and
curricula. and any such pro-
visions Of the State constitu-
tons hitherto approved by
Congress upon admission Of
such States to statehood
which provide for the exclu-
sive control Of education by
the States, are hereby
affirmed as of continuing
validity.
Nothing in this amend
ment shall deny to the citi-
zens Of any State, or Federal
territory not admitted to
statehood, the right to estab-
fish private schools. includ-
ing religious schools; nor
shall any State or Federal
authority prohibit anyone
from attending such a private
school by requiring attend
ance at a public school.
Subject to the foregoing
reservations, Sections / and 5
of the Fourteenth Amend
ment are hereby declared in
full force and effect, with
Section amended to read
as follows:
"All persons born or natu-
rallied in the United States,
and subject to the jurisdic-
ton thereof. are citizens Of
the United States and of the
State wherein they reside. No
State shall make or enforce
any law which shall abridge
the privileges or immunities
of citizens Of the United
States; nor shall any State
deprive any person Of life,
liberty, or property, without
due process Of law, nor deny
to any person, or corporation,
or partnership, or any profit
making or non-proft-making
organization, within its juris-
diction the equal protection
Of the law"
Copyright, 1881
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-17
Red Plot for New Aggression Seen
In Repatriation of Koreans in Japan

labor to Japan. OF this num-
Der moreNthan a million have
returned since the end Of the
war to free Korea. There
are 100000 to 10000 Koreans
still in Japan. Some are in
camps: others in mental oc-
equations, dispersed through
out the empire.
The Tokyo and Seoul gov
ernments were negotiating on
the return of these people
when, suddenly, the Japanese
government announced that
$4,000 to 140, 900 Korean resi-
dents would be "repatriated"
to North Korea "at their own
request"
1t is strange that these
men who want to be repatri-
ated to Communist Korea"
have been examined by only
the japanese police and Red
Cross. As far as is known
here, no representative of
the ROK government has
been allowed to contact these
people.
The concern in Washing
ton is to find an answer to
what motivated the Japanese
government in its decision
to send these Koreans to the
north. There is an increas-
ingly uncomfortable feeling
that the Chinese and Rus
sian Communists actually
play a more important role
behind the scenes In the is
land empire than is known
in the West.
The Koreans have been no
particular burden to Japan.
In any event. the Kishi gov
eminent was fully apprised
of the ROK governments
willingness to take back all
its citizens.
On the other hand. the
Koreans in Japan are not
needed in North Korea. That
section of Korea is being
colonized rapidly by Chinese.
The natives are being sent,
wholesale, to remote prov
inces of China.
Hence, the Pyongyang ad-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-17
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Dark Clouds Over Korea

ministration does not actu-
ally want these Koreans who.
at best, are only lukewarm
Communists. There must be,
consequently. some other mo-
tive which has played an
important role in the recent
decision Of the Kishi cabinet.
This motive is suspected to
be the desire of the Commu-
nists to unleash a new ag-
gression against South Korea
and thus place the United
States in another complex
international position.
The Peiping and Moscow
Communists know what con-
Germ the Seoul government
has for its fellow citizens. So
does Tokyo. Everybody knew
before the Japanese cabinet
ratified the decision Of the
Foreign ONCE to send the
Koreans to North Korea that
the ROK government would
oppose this, with force II
necessary. Such action would
permit the Communists to
shout aggression" and "pi-
racy on the high seas" and
give them an excuse, which
they have been seeking for
the last 10 months, to
commit another aggression
against free Korea.
Was the japanese govern
ment aware of this playa.
Some believe it was. The
present cabinet has little
sympathy for the Commu-
nists. But it must bear in
mind that the Reds are in
creasing their power, not only
among the workers of Japan
but also among the leaders
of "big business" who resent
the fact that the Kishi gov
eminent has resisted their
request to renew official
If not diplomatic - relations
with Communist China.
All in all, the climate in
Japan is such that it would
favor rendering a small and
unofficial service" to the
men in Peiping and Moscow
by giving them a chance to
produce another storm in the
Far East.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-17

by other countries (providing
efficient sanitary staff and ap-
pealing to the civic conscience
of the people, China uses the
free and patriotic services of
children between 8 and II.
These youngsters, calle d
Young Pioneers" in red
scarves (the Communist equiv
alent Of Boy Scouts and Girl
Guides, stand on the pave
ments morning and evening
and shout through cardboard
megaphones, Don't spit. don't
spit" in q monotonous chorus.
In a crowded street in Pei
ping I saw an old man spit on
the pavement. A Young Pho
neer Immediately took him by
the arm and asked him, Com
rade, what will Chairman Mao
say when he hears that you
spat?"
The old man was uncon-
scious Of the act but offered pro-
fuse apologies and disappeared
into the crowd promising bet
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-17
Senator Answers Johnson-McC ormock
Claims to Economizing Congress

The Hon. Everett M. Dirk
sen, newly elected Senate
Republican leader, has sent q
slightly belated valentine to
the President, who supported
him for the post against the
opposition of the erstwhile
Eisenhower Republicans. 1t
was signed Little Spender."
Senator Dirksen teed OF
on allegations by Democrats
that in truth and fact the
President has been the big
spender and the Democratic
Congress is an economizer.
For months the Democrats
had taken in silence charges
by the President that theirs
is q party of wild extrava-
gance. The worm finally
turned in speeches by Senate
and House Leaders Lyndon
johnson and John McCor-
mack which purported to
show that in actually Con-
gress had cut IS billion from
the Presidents budget.
According to Republicans,
the President was stung by
the johnson Mccormack
switch on his arguments. At
his weekly meetings with
G. o. p. leaders from the Hill,
he indicated his feeling that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-17

under the supervision Of her
father, husband, or son. There
is no job that is not open to
her.
I have seen women in steel
mills, textile factories, heavy
tools plants; they drive huge
lathes, operate two-ton ham
mers, control traffic in big cities.
run cultural centers, obtain an
abortion or a divorce without
too much bother, and can and
do denounce their husbands at
party meetings if they suspect
them of rightist and bourgeois
tendencies.
The Chinese woman has f.
nally come into her own. But
on the debit side, she has ceased
to be feminine. Not even a hint
of cosmetics or the slightest
bit of jewelry adorn her.
Millions of women are on the
march, going somewhere, or re-
turning from work, grim and
serious. earnest and purposeful
all in padded blue. uniforms
with nothing to distinguish
them from men.
Cleanliness Il Striking
And the final striking aspect
in the new China is cleanliness.
Public health and sanitation
are attended to with positive
vigor. There are literally no
flies, ne rats, no dogs, and no
Sparrows in China. (The
destruction of sparrows was not
to improve public health but to
save grain, which the sparrows
would otherwise eat.)
Nobody any longer spits any
where he likes, Streets and
pavements are all swept clean
and they stay clean, morning,
noon and night.
I did not see q single Chinese
throw a banana skin or a
cigarette butt on floor or pave
ment. Hundreds go about with
white cotton masks covering
their mouths and noses. as they
might sneeze and spread colds.
At an exhibition in Hardin
I was shown a peasants inven-
ton called q rat detector. It is
like a stethoscope, with a small
simplifying motor mechanism
In the middle and long tapering
antennae.
You put the "stethoscope" to
your ears and place the ends
into the suspected rat hole and
you can hear the slightest
noise Of the remotest rat.
How are the streets and side
walks kept clean2 Apart from
tti regular methods employed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-17

Republicans in Congress
should reply. The dutiful
Senator Dirksen responded in
several thousand eloquent
words, plus a collection of
charts handed to him by the
Bureau of the Budget,
Forewarned of the Dirksen
project, a bakers dozen Of
experienced Democratic
hecklers, led by Senator
johnson himself. took to the
floor while most Republicans
scurried to the cloakrooms.
The result provided q merry
hour for q Capital all too
normally freighted with
gloom.
Figures VIGOROUSLY are
prone to lie and liars to f1g-
ure. In the case of anything
as big as the ten-pound
budget, the temptation to
employ the huge figures for
partisan effect is well-nigh
irresistible.
Senator Dirksen, a natural
born debater who has repeat
edly proved that he can be
convincing on both sides of
most questions, did an expert
Job with very little help from
his cohorts. However, he was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-17

American diplomats, watch
ing with increasing concern
the dark clouds which are
gathering in the Middle and
Far East. hope that they will
not produce a twister.
Professional military men
who have been convinced
from the beginning that the
Kremlin fostered the Berlin
crisis last November only as
a cover-up for bigger and bet
ter things In Asia appear
more concerned over that
area than the diplomats. They
also fear that the Soviet lead
ers will try to make as much
hay as possible during the
time Secretary Dulles will not
be in a position to do more
than exercise a light super
vision over the conduct OF
our foreign policy.
The crisis which has arisen
between South Korea and
Japan has caused many
knowing eyebrows to rise.
1t is suspected that the
crisis was caused by pro-
Communist quarters in Japan
which have induced the gov
eminent of Prime Minister
Kishi to go along with them.
Otherwise. there is no sound
explanation why the Tokyo
government should place in
jeopardy the progress of the
negotiations for full friendly
relations with Seoul.
There is an increasingly
strong suspicion in respon-
sible quarters here that the
Chinese Communists have
succeeded in influencing the
Japanese government to send
a large number of Koreans
still in Japan to North Korea
in order to provoke the ROK
government into drastic &C
tion-such as diverting the
ships to South Korean ports.
The North Korean puppet
government thus would be
handed an adequate reason"
to call the Seoul action a
provocation and unleash
another aggression in the
course Of this summer.
The story of the Koreans
in Japan, in a nutshell, is
this:
In the period 1939-45, the
Japanese government COM
PEELED more than 2 million
Koreans to go as forced
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-17
DAVID LAWRENCE
Constitutional Amendment Proposed
To Serve Groups as Well as individuals

"A new amendment TO the
Federal Constitution Is
needed, not only to clear up
the conflicting decisions of
the courts interpreting the
Fourteenth Amendment on
the subject Of school inte-
grafton, but to establish firm
" the basic rights Of organi-
nations Of all kinds, includ-
ing those Of a fraternal, re-
ligious, educational and bust
ness nature.
For today, under the
changeful rulings Of varying
personnel In the Supreme
Court Of the United States,
q group Of citizens. for In
stance. who form q partner
ship or a corporation cannot
be sure Of the equal protec-
ton Of the laws" Of the
States.
Under the diSsents handed
down repeatedly by a mi
liority of the justices, the
Fourteenth Amendment has
been held to apply to indi-
viduals only and not to
groups of individuals.
Likewise, continuance Of
parochial schools is not fully
assured from a legal stand
point. While a decision Of
the Supreme Court of the
United States in 1925 held
invalid an Oregon law that
required the attendance of
all children in public schools,
this ruling could be wiped out
overnight by five justices on
the high court on the ground
that public psychology is diff
ferent from what it was when
the first ruling was made and
that public school education
Is inherently better than pri-
vate schooling.
Sections 2, 3 and 4 Of
the Fourteenth Amendment
have become obsolete be-
cause these referred only to
persons once engaged in the
War Between the States, all
Of whom now are dead. So
these sections can be elimi-
mated.
There are. moreover, seri-
Gus doubts whether the
Fourteenth Amendment was
ever legally ratified, due to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-17
Burton Hears
z Appeals Cases

Retired Supreme Court JUS
tice Harold M. Burton again
donned his judicial robe yes
terday to sit on two cases with
the U. S. Court of Appeals for
the District.
The Justices retirement from
the Supreme Court was an
nounced last october. Yester-
day, by designation of Chief
Justice Warren, he sat with a
three-judge panel of the appel
late court to hear arguments
on an embezzlement case and a
patent dispute. "
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-17

the coercion Of State legis-
latures by Federal troops
and by other unconstitutional
acts of Congress long after
the war was over. AL such
doubts can be removed by
adopting q new amendment
reaffirming the essential
parts Of the old provisions
and clarifying them at the
same time. Here Is the text
Of q substitute, offered by
this writer as q possible basis
for the drafting Of a new
Fourteenth Amendment" It
contains approximately as
many words as the original
and reads as follows:
I'm pursuance Of the Tenth
Amendment, which provides
that the powers not dele
gated to the United States
by the Constitution, nor pro-
hibited by it to the States.
are reserved to the States
respectively, or to the people
1t is hereby declared that the
people Of any State may pro-
vide in its constitution for
a referendum vote, at a
special election to be called
solely for that purpose, and
may by such referendum
amend the State constitution
to establish within any such
State complete and exclusive
control by the State over its
educational Institutions, pro-
grams and curricula. includ-
ing the right to assign pupils
to any school supported by
public revenues on whatever
basis the State legislature
may determine.
1.-THE State legislatures may
by law delegate such ex-
elusive authority in whole
or in part to local subdi-
visions.
Nothing in the existing
provisions of the Constitution
shall be held by any court to
impair the purpose Of this
amendment or of the Tenth
Amendment.
Congress shall pass no law
abridging the rights of the
States or denying to any
State, or to the people Of any
Federal territory not yet
admitted to statehood, the
equal protection of the Fed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-17

believe 1t. But it was brought
home to me at l am. one
morning when I was driven to
the Peiping Hotel, where l
was staying, after a dinner
with some Chinese officials.
I saw that both sides Of the
road were brightly lit by a mil
lion electric lights strung In
festoons as in a fairyland. I
was told that these lights
meant that people were work.
ing. I stopped the car and in
quired. It was true.
Work on Opera House
Some 1000 workers nearby
were building the new Peiping
Opera House so that it might
be ready for the 10th anniver-
sary of the revolution. The
work had been going on night
and day on a three-shift basis.
1t was the same story in
other cities. In one suburb Of
Peiping alone, where a new
cultural center is being created.
I counted some Is massive
structures being built around
the clock. They will house the
various chronological research
institutes that will carry on re-
search in steel, oil. water con-
servation, etc. These institutes
are usually completed in three
or four months.
I have visited many parts OF
the world-in Asia, Europe and
the Americas-but I have not
seen anywhere men and women
of all ages work this hard day
and night. This tremendous
effort is not confined to any
particular segment of the econ
omy but embraces practically
every field of human endeavor.
Not only do the Chinese work
all the time. but they work in
massive numbers. You see 20
people pulling q loaded cart
some pulling with ropes like
animals, some pushing from
behind. One would expect. in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-17

ter behavior worthy of a COM
de-citizen in future.
Tomorrow: Revolution on
the land.
Copyright, 1859, by Associated Press)