davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14
By LILLIAN LEVY
Contributing Writer

Poland is poor and living,
at best, in this Iron Curtain
country is hard.
The land and people have
been impoverished by two
World Wars.
Since the war, her econo-
my under communist govern
ment has advanced so that
Pole may boast that despite
the poornesS of his country,
there are no beggars and no
one is without shelter,
These claims are true, but
that does not mean that
everyone in Poland is ade-
quately fed, clothed and shell
tered.
Warsaw, for example, has
its Slums. In these areas a
family of four or larger may
live in one small room that
contains a tiny wash basin
and small stove in one corner
with the closest toilet facili-
ties outside the house a block
away.
Even in better sections,
personal andSprivate plumb
ing is not a luxury everyone
enjoys. However, in better
areas, toilet facilities are in
the same building.
Crowded Life
In terms of space, living is
crowded - even in newer,
more modern housing. A
family of four rarely has
more than two small rooms
with a kitchen and some
times a private bathroom.
Wash basins are absent in
many bathrooms where fix
lures include only a tub and
toilet.
Kitchens are small, gener-
ally without eating space.
Kitchen equipment includes
a cabinet, small shallow
sink, tiny stove and minis
Guile refrigerator.
Washing machines are
definitely in the luxury class.
Contemporary Polish fur
niture is, for the most part,
functional and unattractive.
The only fine furniture in
Polish homes are either i'm
ports or those few pre-war
pieces that have miraculously
escaped destruction.
Despite these physical
shortcomings, most Polish
homes have charm and
warmth.
This reflects both the art
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14

cabbage, potatoes. beet sugar.
onions. -four and grains are
plentiful and cheap.
Vegetables in season are
abundant and low priced,
as are fruits. For example,
strawberries in season during
most of the summer are
about 8 zlotys per kilo (little
more than 2 pounds. Bing
cherries and the beautiful
pink and white Queen Anne
variety are the same price.
Polish people like meat
and, except for fowl, meat is
not high, about 20 to 40
zlotys per kilo, depending on
cut and variety. Dairy prod
ucts and bread are very low
in cost, and Of good quality.
Citrus fruits, including to-
matoeS, are high.
So are cakes, candies, bot
tied drinks, and canned
goods. Canned citrus fruits
on display are m ainly
American.
The high cost of out-of-
season foods and those not
grown locally makes the
average Polish diet a fairly
limited one.
Increased production made
possible with modern farming
methods may correct this in
the future, but Polish farm
ers are reluctant to give up
the horse and pillow for mech
anized farming.
There is, at present, a cam
paign to educate the farmer
to accept more scientific
methods. But IT is running
afoul of Polish rural reluc-
lance to substitute the ways
Of the father for that Of the
son.
One aspect of Polish life
today that has full popular
support is the availability
of education for everyone.
This makes other sacrifices
palatable; for like people
everywhere Poles want OPP
portunity for a better future
for their children.
For the book-loving Poles,
education is the road to that
future.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14

Editors note: Reporter LiIIion Levy
flew to PoIond recently to find
out about living conditions in to-
doy's communist Polond. She Wis
tied Worsow homes, stores, perks,
troGe fairs ond the American
school ond Embassy in Poland.
This is the first Of o series Of
articles on women and fomily life
in Polond.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14

iStic nature of the Polish
people, their love of beauty,
and strong family unity.
Colorful hangingS cover
the bare, drab walls. Flowers
always grace the table. And
the respect, affection and
courtesy between children
and their parents is admir-
able. The children, almost
invariably, are dressed at
tractively.
This is no small accom-
pliShment when the average
wage Garner makes about
1900 zlotys a month. At the
present rate of exchange,
this is about 80 American
dollars. (On the black mar
ket, however, $18 American
will buy 1900 zlotys and
more.)
Of this amount, 200 zlotys
goes for rent for a broom
apartment. A minimum diet
for four costs about so to
80 zlotyS per day. This leaves
nothing for clothing or en-
tertainment.
Wives Work
For this reason, most
Polish wives also work. If
the wife cannot work, the
husband generally holds two
jobs.
Clothing costs more than
rent.
An average pair of shoes
COSTS ABOUT 4UU ZlOCyS. A Up
stick costs $50 zlotys.
To have a meal out in one
of the better restaurants for
a family of four would cost
considerably more than a
months rent. 1t might mean
a pair of shoes for little
Stashia or Tadeus, and so
this is a luxury in which
Polish families seldom in
dulge.
But despite the necessity
to skimp in order to make
ends meet, one cannot enter
a Polish home without en-
joying the heartiest kind of
hospitality. The best in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-14
LIVING IN POLAND
Vegetables, Meats Are Cheap
But Tomatoes Are High

house is made available to
the guest.
Food staples, such as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-28

I"set them on" shortly after
the bombings.
Chief Nally's station wagon
the Little Rock School Board
offices and the business ONCE
of Mayor Werner Knoop were
damaged by crude dynamite
bombs.
Sims pleaded guilty to bomb
ing the board Offices and nov
Is serving a five-year prison
sentence. He also faces 9
charge Of bombing Chief Nal.
ley's car. Lauderdale is &C.
cused in both these bombings
His trial is set late in Novem-
Der.
Perry is on trial for bombing
the school board Offices. Prose.
cutor j. Frank Holt told thu
jury he would not attempt Il
prove that Perry actually die
the bombing, but that he hac
guilty knowledge OF 1t and
under Arkansas law, that makes
him guilty"
Mr.. Holt told the jury in hi
opening statement that h,
would prove Perry volunteered
for a confidential squad
which was organized to carr,
out a program Of harassment
after Little Rock schools opened
peacefully on an integratet
basis.
The defense waived an open
ing statement.
An all-white jury of eighf
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-28
Rockefeller
Here for Talk
BY the Associated Press

A scheduled talk with Presi-
dent Eisenhower about civil de-
tense today may give Gov.
Nelson A. Rockefeller q chance
to reassess his political stand
ing at the White House.
In the little more than two
months since he talked person.
ally with Mr.. Eisenhower here
August 10, the New York Gov
ernor has been edging toward
q decision on whether he will
battle Vice President Nixon for
the 1860 Republican presiden-
tial nomination.
Mr.. Eisenhower has made it
clear on several occasions in
the past that he has no inten-
ton Of taking sides between Mr..
Nixon and Mr.. Rockefeller if
they become rivals for the
Nomination.
But these statements were
made before Gov. Rockefeller
said on a teleyision program
last Sunday he favors resump-
ton of nuclear tests, especially
thosce that could be carried out
underground without danger of
fallout.
At a time when the Essen
hover administration is seek
ting an agreement at Geneva to
end testing, this statement was
interpreted in some quarters
las indicating q desire on the
lpart Of the Governor to make
Ut clear he doesn't agree with
jail White House policies and
isn't reluctant to say so.
The statement also put the
New York Governor at odds
with Mr.. Nixon, who have IA
|vored an agreement for the end
of testing.
White House Press Secretary
James C. Hagerty said in an
nouncing the appointment that
the subject Of the conference
would be civil defense, not pol
Iitics. He noted that Gov. Rock
Iefeller is scheduled to report
lon discussions of the issue by
10 Governors Conference COM
Imittee he heads.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-28
Little Rock Bomb Plan
sLoid Before Jury

mitted the statement after
Perry testified in chambers
that 1t was given voluntarily
without threat or inducement.
In the statement, Perry said
dynamite used in the bombipgs
was obtained from E. A. Lau-
derdale, a lumber dealer 'and
prominent segregationist. Perry
added that Lauderdale assigned
him a bombing target-Fire
Chief Gam Nally's station
wagon. Perry said he backed
out and j. D. Sims volunteered
to take over his assignment,
He said Sims told him he had
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-28

men and four women was
seated after two Negroes. one
of them, I. s. McClinton. Dem
ocratic politician. were excused
by the defense.
The defense also excused sew
eral prospective jurors because
they are members Of the Little
Rock Chamber of Commerce,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-28

LITTLE ROCK, Ark. oct. "a
(AP).-Details Of an alleged
plot to harass Little Rock for
accepting integrated schools
were revealed yesterday in a
statement by Jesse Raymond
Perry. "a, who is accused In
two of three Labor Day bomb
ings here.
The statement was read into
the record, over objections
from defense attorneys. as
Perry's trial on one Of the
charges opened in Circuit
Court,
Judge william j. Kirby ad-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-28

which has offered . $4,000 re-
ward for apprehension and
conviction Of the bombers.
Among spectators were Sam
uel Graydon Beavers, 40, and
John Taylor Coggins, 80, who
are charged In the bombing of
Mayor Knoop's ONCE. They
will be tried later.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1959-06-18
Chapter ii
(BILL NO. l2)

amend Chapter as titled "Sver Spring Bethesda
Wheaton and Montgomery Hills Parking Lot Districts Sec
ton ASIA titled Parking meters authority to regulate install
aon maintenance and operations authority to INSTALL en-
regulations of the Montgomery County Code
1855 amended, provide for limiting the amount of time
vehicles may park within the Parking Lot Districts
the County Council for Montgomery County
Maryland, that -
Sec 1. Section 4514 titled, Parking Meters; authority to
regulate installation operation; authority
INSTALL regulations of Chapter 49, titled Sver
Spring Bethesda Wheaton and Montgomery Hills Parking Lot
Districts of the Montgomery County Code 1885, amended
is hereby amended to read follows:
THE Council hereby authorized the procedure
prescribed this Code adopt regulations for
installation maintenance and operation of parking meters
along and limiting the time motor vehicles park the
Streets highways and alleys located within each district and
parking lots within each district acquired by leased to
the County by the of parking meters otherwise and to
prescribe parking other fees for parking such park
ing lots streets highways and alleys except that all off
Authority said Authority shall bave the responsibility for the
facilities and for the adoption regulations fees and other
After the adoption regulations County purchase
INSTALL maintain and operate such parking meters all
streets highways alleys and ofsteet parking facilities not
leased to the Revenue Authority accordance with such regua
TONS provided that the location thereof approved by resolution
Of the Council All parking fees collected within each dis
tct shall be applied provided the following section
Division of Police Protection shall enforce such regulations
gardng parking and parking meters in the they
enforce parking and traffic regulations applicable the public
streets and alleys OF the County"
Passed: May IS. 1859.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1959-06-18

River q point
fifteen hundred feet Of the Rockville Great Falls Road thence
northwesey along the of River leading
to SWANS Lock- thence with said road in ouwesery drec-
ton to ntersect the Washington Regional Dis
tict ne thence with said hne still in soutwestery direction
to ntersect the Virginia boundary n thence along
and with the MarylandVrginia boundary line in south and
southeastery direction point said MaryandVirgna
boundary line directly opposite the mouth of Cabin John Creek
thence norhward along Cabin John Creek the
northern boundary of Macarthur Boulevard eastward
along Macarthur Boulevard to the western boundary of Wilson
Lane thence with said western boundary Of Wilson Lane the
point of beginning.
1.-THE Council hereby authorized directed and empowered
levy annually against all assessabe property within the above
described area sufficient fifteen
nua requirements OF expenditures necessary to MAINTAIN and
operate the fire department. Cabin John Park
Volunteer Fire Department Inc its including
ment Of encumbances real estate equipment owned by
Cabin John Park Volunteer Fire Department nc its
The shall be determined levied collected and paid
the following At least foyve days before the
of adoption of the annual appropriation resolution by the Council
provided by the Charter OF Montgomery County the director
county shall certify the
Fire Board its hereinafter created the whole vaua
ton of assessabe property within such and the fire board
its shall then determine the necessary
raised for the ensuing to maintain and operate the Cabin
John Park Volunteer Fire Department nc its
Guiding payment in whole part any existing encubrance
and then after determining the of per
dollars of assessed valuation necessary required
amount for the ensuing year. certify to the council least
fifteen prior adoption date of the appropriation resolution
The council in its next annual levy shall levy such
OF fifteen cents each hundred dollars of assessab
property within purposes
tax shall be levied and collected and have the priority rights
bear the interest penalties and every respect
in this secon provided however that after public hearing the
council levy rate which will produce less than the
amount certified by the fire department the council finds that
lesser amount sufficient for the maintenance and operation of
the department. including of encumbrances the
suing year."
Passed: May n, 1859.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1959-06-18

damage will be sustained by may order the area
abandoned in whole in part.
Upon filing court the initial petition for abandonment
the petitioner copy of such petition the follow
ing agencies and municipal corporations in accordance with the
Maryland Rules service parties after the
initial pleading:
"a The Montgomery County Council;
(2) Maryland National Capital Park and Planning Com
mission or Montgomery County Planning Board;
90 The Washington Sanitary Commission
part of property in the Washington Suburban SAM
tary Commission District and
"a The governing body of such incorporated towns special
taxing specified in Article H. Section of the
Montgomery County Charer) in which any of the
erty to abandoned may be located.
arriving decision the court shall consider
endaon proposed abandonment filed in the proceeding
by any agencies provided however that if such
agency or municipal corporation has filed recommendation
with within As from the date of service such
agency municipal corporation the consent to the proposed
abandonment by agency municipal corporation shall be
presumed abandonment the clerk OF the
court is directed to copies the order the Super
Montgomery County and to the
agencies specified herein whenever the abandoned
within respective Jurisdiction and the clerk of the court
shall original plat affected thereby the dates
order provided however that
this section apply the abandonment of dranaeways
streets avenues alleys which have been used by
maintenance by the county in which
proceedings abandonment shall be brought under Article
III of Chapter rs Of this Code
Sec Nothing contained in this amendment to Section 1871
shall affect abandonment petitions filed prior August 15 1859
Passed: May q, 1859.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1959-06-18
Chapter ID
(BILL NO. ~

AN ACT to repeal and reenact with amendments Section 1871
title "Streets, etc. dedicated public abandonment
subdivisions Montgomery County Code 1855 require
that the petitioner comply with certain conditions before
court orders the abandonment Of public dedicated streets
roads, etc. and to otherwise prescribe the for such
petition for such abandonment under certain conditions
Be Enacted by the County Council for Montgomery County
Maryland, that
Sec l. Sec 1871 Montgomery County Code 1885, titled
Streets etc. dedicated to public abandonment of subdv
sions hereby repealed with
read as follows:
"Sec 1877 Streets, dedicated public abandonment
of subdivisions
When the pats recorded portions desg
mated the pas drainage paths walks streets roads
alleys public parks squares other
dedicated public shall be and the hereby declared
to be forever dedicated public and shall thereafter
pretext whatsoever be altered taken for private
vded however that nothing herein contained shall affect the rights
owning claiming interest in such land derived
by from under any other than the of plat
from under such maker such subdivision
provided further that the maker such plat his heirs
assigns shall have the right apply by petition the circuit
court for the county, for the leave abandon the subdivision
lands make him. any part
into tract PARCEL and the court If convinced upon such
proof and after such notice by publication otherwise
shall direct that damage be in anywse sustained
other than the petitioners shall power pass
thorzng and empowering such petitioner abandon
division either whole pa and the proceedings had under
such petition shall be doceed in the equity docets recorded
in all paying the fees and charges for like work
In addition the above authorized petitioners Montgomery
County is hereby authorized file petition abandon any
dedicated areas above described resolution of the
County Council finding that the is longer necessary
suitable Tor public use and the court finding that
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1959-06-18
Chapter E
(BILL NO. y
Passed: May u, 1859.

AN ACT repeal reenact with amendments Chapter
titled Administration" Section 2108 titled Listing
DUTY of taxpayer notice. subsection a) 49, titled Fail
of taxpayer to return FORM and subsection (a) (6),
titled when return to be fled of the Montgomery County
Code 1855 provide that property tax returns shall
be filed prior to April 18th of each year.
Be Enacted by the County Council for Montgomery County
Maryland that
gome County Code 1855 hereby repealed and reenaced
with amendments to read as follows:
"2 Duty of taxpayer notice Every person. within the
county liable taxation hereunder every association
pany administrator guardian trustee holding
sonal property in trust liable taxation hereunder SHALL prior
April IS of each year. fill the proper blanks in such
schedule with full and true statement in this section here
nabove required and make and sign an affidavit to the truth
thereof aforesaid before the supervisor of
fore of the duly appointed for the county before
the director Of finance of the county of his assistants
deputies and the supervisor of and the duly appointed
for the county and the director of finance of the county
and his assistants and deputies hereby authorized to admins
such and all oaths in connection with their duties
collectors Of taxes without charge before
thoed administer oahs and the address the county
of the making affidavit shall in each be given below
his signature and hereupon such supervisor of
shall such at its full cash value and
enter the same In the columns upon blanks provided Tor that
purpose and the thus asceaned shall be entered
the books for taxation for each fiscal year."
"(3 Failure of taxpayer FORM any person.
ciaion company administrator executor guardian trustee
shall fail to make and deliver to the supervisor of assessment
prior April IS of each the form schedule of his
property owned held in otherwise provided for
this section then the supervisor Of assessment shall without
delay from the best information he procure make
against such person. association company administrator
executor guardian which such supervisor of
ment shall add fifteen cent thereof provided that
pcaon after filing of the return the appeal tax court Of the
county may reduce entirely the addition Of fifteen per
cent upon good cause shown"
"(6 When be filed Returns tangible personal
property other than automobiles shall be filed April Is
of each year."
Passed: May rs, 1859.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1959-06-18
Legal Advertisement

the Washington Suburban SAM.
tary Commission will be ad
justed as of the date of settle
ment, Il thereafter assumed
by the purchaser or purchasers.
All conveyancing, recording,
FEEDER and State stamps, and
other settlement charges, shall
be at the cost of the purchaser
or purchasers.
The terms of a certain Sub.
ordination Agreement recorded
in liber 2489, at folio 499, of the
L nd Records of Montgomery
County, Maryland, will be dis.
closed at the time of the sale
above mentioned, and certified
copy of said Agreement will be
available for examination at the
time of the said sale.
The property will be sold sub
ject to a First Deed of Trust,
the particulars of which will be
announced at the time of The
making of the sale.
Frank w. Marsalek
John Claude Cappinger
Trustees
John D. BOWMAN, Jr.
Attorney
4t-4692.6.1s
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1959-06-18

ANDREW W. STARRATT, JR.
Solicitor
Rockville, Md.
NOTICE TO CREDITORS
NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN, that the
Subscriber OF Montgomery County, has
obtained from the Orphans Court OF
Montgomery County, in Maryland,
Letters Testamentary on the personal
Estate OF
LEROY SMITH
late of Montgomery County deceased. All
persons having Claims against the de-
ceased are hereby warned 10 exhibit the
same. with vouchers thereof, legally
authenticated to the subscriber on or
before the 5th day Of December next:
they may otherwise by law be excluded
from ali benefit of said Estate. All
persons indebted to said Estate are re-
quested TO make immediate payment.
Given under my hand this 9th day
of May in the year of our Lord. one
thousand nine hundred and fifty-nine.
REBECCA SMITH
Emory Lane
Route
Rockville, Md.
Executrix 6t-470O-7-9
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1959-06-18
Chapter Is
(BILL NO. l6)

IN ACT to repeal Subsection Chapter
30 title Cabn John Park Montgomery County Code
1855 and to reenact with amendments in lieu thereof
subsection to be known Subsection 301
fine the boundaries of the Cabin to
increase the maximum permissible tax rate each
hundreds dollars Of assessable property within the fire
from ten cents TO fifteen and provide that
Council after public hearing may levy tax to produce
amount less than that certified by the department
ete the reference to real property land improvements
wherever appears that reads "assessabe property
BE Enacted by the County Council Montgomery County,
Maryland, that
Sec Subsection 301 (a and Section 800 of Chapter 3d.
title cabin John Park Of the Montgomery County Code 1885,
hereby repealed and subsection known
ton 3Ol ta) is hereby enacted to read follows:
(a) For the Of providing funds with which main.
tain and operate fire department within parts
county particularly designated and described and lying being
in the bounds, and distances follows witt
Beginning at the intersection of Wilson River
Road and running thence in northwesery direction along
center Of River Road to the of the intersection
Road at point where Cabin John River Road
thence along said branch in norhey direction point
said branch nersecs the Seven Locks Road Bells Old
thence along Bells Mill Road in norery direction
tersects private road leading through the property
Of Mercy, thence along the northerly said
private road In westerly direction road commonly
Kendale Road thence along said road westerly
point said road fifteen hundred
lion Of said road with the Rockville Falls thence
soutery along line fifteen hundred feet OF parallel