davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-26
President Eisenhower's gift

President Eisenhower's gift
for protecting his own politi-
cal position and avoiding the
personal frietions of that
intensely human trade was
greatly in evidence at this
weeks press conference.
1t is a gift which served
this country and the free
world well when he was
supreme commander Of the
Western armies in World War
II and of NATO. In fact. his
possession of it is a major
reason why Gen. George c.
Marshall reached rather far
down the seniority list to get
the first of these jobs for him
from which the second nat
urally flowed.
Applied to American do
mestic politics. however, it
often seems more than a lit
tie diSingenuous. 1t nullifies
his role as the leader of his
party and hence is intensely
irritating to Republicans and
Democrats alike. From the
public information point Of
view it tends to suggest that
the existing presSures Of poll
tics either aren't really there
or are greatly exaggerated.
For many reasons Vice
President Nixon was con-
spicuous by his absence from
the crucial conversations on
Soviet policy between the
President and British Prime
Minister Macmillan at Camp
David last week end. The
President was asked bluntly
if Mr.. Nixon was absent be-
cause you want to appear
neutral in the prospective
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-26
Presidents Press Farley Comments
Called Sian of Wartime Talents

battle between Mr.. Nixon and
Gov. Rockefeller"
The President laughed of
the Nixon Rockefeller part as
"a rather unusual premise. "
He said sweetly that he had
thought about asking Mr..
Nixon but "he Is BUSY. He has
got here some other things he
is talking about and thinking
about while we were at Camp
David" .--
In a kind Of face-sayer for
Mr.. Nixon. the President said
he had had him in and
acquainted him fully with
everv idea discussed at Camp
David.
With an air Of patient
tolerance for cynics. the Pres
ident concluded that he had
no idea Of tempering his ac-
tons to "a political contest
that may come about at some
future time AS the tran
script noted: More laughter
The fact is that the busy"
Vice President was strolling
about the streets Of George
town Saturday with Mrs.
Nixon. He presides over the
deliberations Of the National
Security Council whose Job 1t
is to weigh every aspect OF
Just such discussions as took
place in the Catoctin Noun
tain retreat.
Should tragedy strike at
the President, there is no
larger question with which
the Vice President must in
stantly tuSSle than relations
with the Soviet Union. The
President himself has stressed
repeatedly his policy Of edu-
eating the Vice President so
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-26

.petitive bid basis in the open
market.
Mr.. Berger also said Gees
prices are public information
and offered to put ICA on the
Agriculture Departments mar
keting list.
Mr.. Berger said private trade
channels can do a better job
than the Government" III nan.
ding commodities, and in the
process both United Stat and
foreign trade benefit. j would
lean over backward to see pri-
vate trade handle it, he said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-26
'Khrushchev's Threat to Macmillan

cannot accept our being
practically dragged by the
collar to a summit meeting.
The odds for a summit meet
ing this summer are at pres
ent far better than $3.50.
Mr.. Eisenhower continues to
insist, however, that the Big
-Four foreign ministers must
make some tangible progress
toward the solution of the
Berlin question raised last
November as a bogeyman by
Mr.. Khrushchev before he
agrees to attend the highest
Level meeting.
President de Gaulle is even
more obdurate TO anything
that may even vaguely re-
semble appeasement OF the
Red dictator. France is far
more under the gun COR
IRBM range of the Rus
slams. But the French Pre-
mier, remembering the con-
sequences of the policies Of
Premier Daladier, who in
1898 joined Prime Minister
Neville Chamberlain in a
policy of appeasement, with
dlsa strous results not only
for France but the rest of the
world. is holding the line
with greater firmness than
his Western lilies. At the
press conference In Paris
unprecedented in the his
tory Of France) he showed
himself intelligently tough.
He observed that the only
disengagement worth dis
cusSing is the withdrawal
OF the main body Of the So
Wet forces and their inter-
mediate platforms to the
Ural Mountains.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-26

have told you that" the Presi-
dent said to his questioner
IF anyone did, they would do
it without my consent, and
without the consent Of any
others at the conference.
And if ! should attempt to
say whether or not this ques-
ton was discussed, or with
any ideas put forward, then I
would be. compelled. I think.
to talk and tell you everything
we talked about. And I don't
think that would be justified"
Mr.. Eisenhower's reply is sur
prising itself to any reporter
with the White House-supplied
transcript Of a Hope agerty
Gettysburg press conference
last Saturday.
The Question and Answer
In the course Of that confer
ence. MI. Hope was asked: WAS
there any discussion of a pro-
posal for a freeze of troop levels
in Central Europe?"
Mr.. Hope. there as Mr.. Mac
millan's spokesman. replied that
there was and discussed 1t at
some length.
A moment later. Mr.. Hagerty
said very authoritatively for
anyone talking without permits
sion of his boss--if he was):
I'm addition to the United
Kingdom. the United States is
against disagreement. and the
United States is against thin
ming out.
THE suggestion on a freeze
was advanced by the British, as
a suggestion, and that's all it
was"
The Summit Decision
On more touchy ground was
the other question at yester-
A0x,,e 1rneiAnAklnI ,.n,,,. nn,.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-26
Eisenhower Lecture
On Secrecy Detected
By GARRETT d. HORNER
star Stan Writer

Was President Eisenhower ecturing his British friends
against talking about things supposed to be secret?
That implication could be read into some Of the Presidents
news conference remarks yesterday
He twice showed irritation that anybody had done any
talking at all to newsmen things that went at Camp
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-05
SIinqshots and ICBMs

In this age of upertechnological
things like intercontinental balllstic
missiles, it is interesting to know that
there are large numbers among us who
still attach a great deal of Importance
to the weapon with which David slew
Goliath AS a matter of fact, accord
ing to the National Geographic Society,
no fewer than 100000 Americans (not
to mention others elsewhere in the
World) are formally banded together in
a countrywide association of slingshot
enthusiasts
These are individuals, young and
old alike, who feel that nobody should
underestimate either the class or po-
tency of Y-Shaped piece of wood Cor
a specially shaped aluminium FORK
equipped with strips of rubber and a
leather pouch. Just as the ancients
before them, the modern users of this
inStrument-which is sort of do-it-
yourself, hand borne catapult-find it
exceedingly effective for many endeav-
orS, including the pure sport of target
shooting competition and the pursuit OF
small game. They also see in 1t, just
as David did in his sling, formidable po-
tentials for both defense and attack.
Plainly enough, if ICBMs and kim
dred machines of mass destruction
finally do the job that some CaSsandras
predict, it will be good to have Ameri-
cans around who know how to use the
old-faShioned slingShot, not to mention
the bow and arrow. The story Of David
and Goliath is still very much to the
point in our atomic age
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-05
Are We Getting Soft?

AS National Youth Fitness Week be-
gins, it is we'll to take stock OF ourselves
with respect to physical fitness. Those
of us who are leading the Sedentary
lives of average city or suburban resi-
dents could profit from bit OF SELL
appraisal. We would find that we are
creatures of automation in an age OF
labor-saving devices designed ito make
life easier-and softer for ALL Instead
of chopping wood or shoveling coal TO
heat our homes, we set the thermostaC
and let an automatic furnace do the
rest We drive to the corner Tor gro
cerieS or medicines. Our children ride
in school buses to claSSroomS only lew
blocks away. We cut the grass with SELF
propelled power lawn moWerS-Some OF
them with riding seats. Even farmers
no longer follow the pillow; they ride III
relative comfort on tractors.
Some of us get bit of exercise on
week ends by driving to country CLUB
and playing a round of golf-uSually
with caddieS or carts to take care OF the
bag of clubs. Or we do some gardening,
with the aid of rototiller or garden
tractor if possible. All of which and
much more, prompted Shane MacCarthy,
head of the Presidents Council on Youth
Fitness, to make this apt observation:
GAS the human being moves up the
rungs of the ladder of material progress,
he is prone to measure the advance by
the amount of ease, comfort and leisure
he has acquired" Yet ease and luxury
are not true measures of the strength
of a people or Nation. The President
has done we'll, therefore, to bring to the
attention of American youth this week
the national as well as the personal I'M
portance of keeping ones self physically
fit.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-05
Summit in Steel


A summit" meeting Of critical
Importance to the national economy
opened in New York today as represent
atives Of the steel industry and its labor
force began contract negotiations. The
present three-year pact expires at mid
night on June 80. As practical matter,
D-day falls 70 hours earlier when a
strike threatening deadlock would allow
the steelmakers the minimum time
needed to "cool down" their plants
without risk of damage-in other words,
with workers still on the job.
1t is normal for these periodic nego-
tiations in steel to have major signif-
canoe. This year, the implications are
even broader and deeper than usual AS
the Nations most basic industry, steel's
price and wage policies have direct
impact upon a wide variety of related
industries and, in due time, upon the
entire cost Of living pattern. AS of now,
a period of relative stability has inter
rupted the inflationary push of recent
years but continued containment of this
long-term trend is by no means assured.
In this connection, for example, the
administration has indicated that it
fears boost in steel prices would mean
new breakthrough by the inflationary
preSsureS. The industry has indicated,
however, that any appreciable rise in
operating costs, resulting from the wage
negotiations, will be reflected in higher
prices.
Against this background, the Steel
workers Union has its own problems and
compulsions In the labor field, it is
pacemaker, too, and the union leader
ship must deliver contract gains in order
to survive Disclosure of high industry
profits, particularly in the first quarter
of 1859, has given union negotiators
powerful springboard for their new
demands.
Prenegotiating statements reflect
"hard" attitude on both sides of the
bargaining table. Steel customers have
laid up large supplies against the posi-
bility of a strike The union has said
that if there is strike "it could be a
dilly" There has, however, been some
awareneSS indicated on both sides that
there is a public responsibility involved,
and that Government might even inter-
vene in one way or another if the public
interest is diSregarded. Reconciling all
pressures and interests may be diff
cult task for the negotiators, but that
is the burden which they must discharge
In the coming weeks.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-05
Friend or Foe?

The question whether II is sound
American policy to treat Egypt's Colonel
NaSSer as friend, foe or something In
between is becoming academic. The
pressure of events is making that deci-
sion for us
This conclusion is implicit in State
Department study released recently by
a Senate subcommittee headed by SEN
ator Humphrey. The gist Of this report
was that the main effort in Soviet for
eign policy probably will continue to be
focused on the underdeveloped coun-
tries, especially in the Middle East. The
significance of this can readily be seen
in the struggle for control Of Iraq.
The same conclusion has just been
stated in so many words by Senator
Mansfield, the assistant Democratic
leader and an influential member of the
Foreign Relations Committee. Senator
Mansfield says he believes lit would be
in our interest to resolve our doubts IN
favor of closer relationship with
NaSSer."
We think so, too. For while Colonel
Nasser evidently has been playing the
United States off against Russia, and
vice versa, he is essentially an Arab
nationalist. To us, this means that ne
is pro-Egyptian and pro-Arab, and that
he is not going to be drawn willingly
into either the Soviet or the Western
camp AS of this time, however, 1t
appears that the Russians can advance
in the Middle East only at the expense
of Colonel Nasser'S pan-Arabism, and
that he will do all that he can to resist
such drive. If this is correct we ought
to stop communing with the stars in an
attempt to decide whether he is "for
us" or not. If he will resist the spread
of communism in the Middle East 1t Will
serve our purposes to help him, and we
ought to do it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-05
More Frugal Congress

The American people
should be very grateful to
Senator Paul Douglas, Of IL
linois. and others of his COL
leagues who desire to pru-
IDENTIFY spend the taxpayers
money. 1t appears on the sur
face that too many members
of Congress curtail funds vi
tally needed in many areas,
while the sky is the limit in
spending money for plush
furnishings in their own Of
fices.
The short walk through the
tunnel from the Senate Of
flee Building to the Capitol
would contribute to the gen.
eral health of the Senators,
and only those who are Grip
pied or in some way physi-
cally handicapped, should use
the conveyor.
Many people have become
disguised with this type of
selfishness and would appre-
clate a change.
c. Herbert Marshall, NJ. ID.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-05
Pulitzer Winners

Even a casual review of this years
Pulitzer Prize awards for journalism
fully supports the Pulitzer Advisory
Boards refutation of the charge that
this country suffers from ''complacent
press" And this is true, not only of
the entries for which prizes were award
ed, but of all of the 556 nominations
We are especially gratified by the
award to Mary Lou Werner, of The
Stars staff, for her coverage throughout
1853 of the Virginia school deSegregation
crisis Although constantly under dead
line pressure, Miss Werner's reports were
an accurate, fair and balanced presen-
tation of both sides of difficult story.
And as massive resistance" began to
crumble under court attack, Miss
Werner also provided Star readers with
a clear previeW of the direction in
which Virginia would go as it sought to
meet the Supreme Courts requirements
without abandoning public education.
Another major award, that for edi-
torial writing, went to Ralph McGil,
editor of the Atlanta Constitution,
whose syndicated column appears in
Inc OIdE. ASdAllJ AoSAdA NOliVAONOAoJ
figured prominently in the award,
which cited as especially worthy of COM
mendation an editorial by Mr.. McGill
denouncing the bombing of synagogue
in Atlanta and high school in Clinton,
Tenn. All of the other awards were
based on journalistic efforts which fully
deserve to be described as "diStin-
guished," and we extend our warmeSt
CONGRATULATIONS to the winners.
In the journalistic categorieS,
the award to Archibald MacLeish for
his play, 81. b." calls for special at
tention. For this play, although GER
tainly the towering dramatic effort of
the year, had gone unrecognized in some
earlier judgings. 1t is the more pleas
ing, therefore, that its merit has been
attested by the Pulitzer Board.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-05
PLAYING the News

Either your readers have a
false sense of values or you
think they have. Room was
found on page one of The
Star. April 90, for a story
about Art in a Saloon. I"
while the report of the girls
and boys of this area who
we're awarded National Merit
Scholarships was relegated to
page eight.
Also, the absence of pic
lures of the honorary" win
ners seemed to indicate that
they were less worthy, and
less newsworthy.
As a parent Of teenagers.
and I am sure the majority
of parents would agree, I am
more interested in the worth
while achievements of our
youth than I am in details of
accidents, miSdemeanors or
riots in which some few be-
come involved. Aren't you?
Frances Carberry.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-05

that was Just about unanimously picked
10 finish In eighth place, and has had
about as much color in recent years as
a dish OF mashed potatoes. they are be-
having as II they had not read the sports
pages before the season started. Now
they should.
And II all this Is not enough 10 perk
UP the fans-which II is-they should
dwell for a moment on the frightful
things happening TO the New York
Yankees. Not for 10 years. means one
journal In recording "all the news that's
At 10 print" have the Yankees gotten
away to such a bad start With only a
few more than 1870 games yet TO play,
our Senators look down on them. II
couldn't happen 10 nicer guys
reading from top TO bottom.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-05
Anti-Lynchinq Law
Cliff OwsIey.

In a recent letter to The
Star we read the familiar ar
gument that human prog
ress is brought about by en-
lightened public opinion
rather than by the enact
ment of laws. Specifically.
the writer maintains that the
decrease of lynching in the
South has taken place with
out Federal interference, be-
cause the people of that Sec
ton have been influenced
by progressive humanitarian
sentiment. This is, at best,
only part of the truth. Intel
ligent public opinion in the
South has been able to func-
ton because of the fear of
punitive Federal interven-
ton"
The author notes that
lynching has decreased stead
lily since the turn of the
century. He does not, how
ever, add that a very sharp
falling off of this crime be-
gan to take place in the
early twenties of the present
century. That was because
the introduction Of anti
lynching bills in Congress be-
gan in the third decade of
the century. The fear of in
tervention by the Federal
Government to stop mob vi
olence has presumed State
governments into taking
steps to eradicate this evil.
Before that time, State and
local officials usually did lit
tie to prevent outbreaks of
this nature. Although Con-
gress has not enacted an anti
lynching law, the fear that it
might do so has no doubt
influenced States and COM
munities to take the initia-
tive in wiping out a national
disgrace.
The idea that progressive
ideas will inevitably prevail
without legal support is
wrong. To be sure, a law
sometimes fails to function if
unsupported by public senti-
ment. On the other hand. it is
at least equally fallacious to
assume that enlightened pub
lie sentiment can bring about
essential reforms without i'm
fermentation by legal and
political pressure.
Don b. GOOdlOe.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-05
Careful Researcher

Knowing how meticulous
reporters and editors are,
I habitually accept every
factual statement in your
newspaper as correct. How
ever, 1 saw an item in your
paper not long ago which
fairly shook me up with its
inaccuracy. So I decided to
investigate the source and
what it really means The
statement was, The first
United States census report
in 1890 consisted of a slim
booklet of Sc pages"
Actually the first United
States census of 1890 listed
a total population of $685.
214 persons, of whom about
100000 were slaves. The CEN
suS takers listed only the
heads of families by name.
Male members of a family
were listed by age as under
or over 16, this for the mill
tary authorities in deter
mining military availability.
Female members of a family
were listed by total number
only. Since the family at that
time averaged about six
members. we can a Ssum e
that there were about $40
900 families listed by name
in the original 1890 census
reports, all of which together
with the original census re-
ports of 1900. and 1910 we're
burned up when the British
set fire to our Capitol in
1912. Fortunately We do have
now in other publications
about 100000 names of heads
of families that were listed
in the original 1890 census.
Pennsylvania has i'll one
volume, containing over 300
pages of fine print, the names
of all heads of families re-
ported in the 1890 census of
that State.
In the introduction to the
volume on the Pennsylvania
1890 census, the above quoted
sentence appears. A census
expert at Archives told me
the slim booklet of Sc pages"
referred to must have been a
compendium or summarize
,tion of some sort about the
census of 1870.
I hope this clears up the
mystery of the slim booklet
and how, as the statement
implies, a census of almost 4
million people could be con-
tanned therein.
Harold F. MericIe.
Editors note: The Star
now regrets it didn't check
the accuracy of this filler"
paragraph as thoroughly as
Mr.. Mericle did,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-05

They think that the purchase
of a cup of coffee ought to
make their lunch permissible.
They Steadfastly refuse to
recognize the hostile looks of
the cashier.
Cashiers, as a rule. are
more offended at such guests
than the manager, himself.
The manager may overlook
you putting three or four
iiggers of cream in your cof-
fee, but the cashier, never.
Less hardy souls eat lunch
from home in a quiet, almost
retiring way.
Usually they hide behind a
newspaper or something.
They look around to see if
anybody is watching, then
they take a bite.
After the dry food has
made its due impression. they
look around for something to
drink, only to find that they
had forgotten to draw a glass
of water.
Water, after all, is liquid,
but there are better DRINKS
for lunch, most of them i'm
possible to get at the right
time.
So one eats lunch COM
pletely in a dry mood. trying
valiantly to believe that those
health cranks are right who
say you should drink no
liquids with meals. anyway.
Such persons are Of
course, completely wrong.
One does not wash the
meal down" with liquid IN
any sense. What one does
with something TO drink is
dilute the taste already in
the mouth. This is the gour-
NETS way. Not until a taste
has been diluted can one get
more taste.
Eating ones own lunch in
ones own way has many
advantages. One is that one
can vary the menu to suit
ones. special taste. One day.
it is a ham sandwich: the
next day. beef: the third day.
veal, and the fourth. cheese. +
The fifth day it may be
chicken, and the next day,
well, beef. After ell. oeef
makes the best sandwich.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-05


not have controls. and the
Administration bill does;
therefore, the Murray-Met-
calf bill is apt to lead to con-
trolls while the Administra-
ton bill is not.
1t is indisputable that Con-
gress can at any time amend
laws passed in previous Con-
crosses. No matter which
proposal were adopted, Con-
gress could, theoretically, i'm
pose controls at a later date,
although past experience of
Federal aid to education of
all kinds indicates such ac-
ton is highly improbable.
But for Secretary Flemming
to cite the lack of control in
the Murray-Metcalf bill as
an indication of the probable
ity of future controls, as he
does when he says, citing its
oCongress's) unattached con-
tributions as an argument
to get its foot in the local
school board door," is to twist
the tail of reason.
I hope that you will make
an effort to inform your
readers of the actual con-
tents of these two bills.
James E. Murray,
Senator from Montana