davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1959-02-08

Wednesday. brought quick results.
The trucks proceeded across the
East German border uninspected
that evening.
Another ''thaw" came Thursday
in the unexpected release by East
Germany of. five American service
men who had Strayed into Com
muniSt territory. The East Ger
man regime had been holding cut
for direct negotiations with the
United States. which was rejected
by Mr.. Dulles as an implicit recog-
milton of the Communist govern
ment Arrangements were finally
completed by the American Red
Gross, negotiating with its East
German counterpart.
While Mr Dulles was talking
to heads. of state and foreign min
iSters. a working task force. of
diplomats IN Washington was
shaping a unified Western posi-
ton for an early meeting with
the Russians. Representatives
from the United States. Britain.
France and West Germany were
reported ready to invite the Soviet
Union to discuss the future of
Germany and general European
security matters. Formal notes,
after being cleared with the North
Atlantic Treaty ORGANIZATION,
Council in Paris. are expected to
be sent to Moscow in about 10
days.
The Western allies are re-
ported certain to reject the Soviet
proposal that the conference be
called to work out peace treaty
with Germany. Also TO be re-
jected are the Kremlin Su2geS-
ton that % nations be repre-
Sented at the conference and that
Prague. the capital of CZecho-
Slovakla, or Warsaw. in Poland,
be chosen as the conference site.
Geneva is the probable Western
choice for the meeting.
Evening star., 1959-02-08

using "hellicose phraSeology," :"
were pursuing a merchants OF
death policy. and shared dis
regard of the destiny of mankind
for the sake of their narrow in
tereSts. who for the sake OF
enrichment are prepared to sell
out not only their friends. but even
their fathers He named Specif-
Ically Mr. Eisenhower, Mr. Nixon.
and Mr.. Dulles. For the latter
he reserved special scorn. Mr..
Dulles, he said, wants to bring to
naught the thaw that has set in
lately in relations between OUR
countries" This comment was
followed by the quotation that
begins this report.
Mr.. Dulles. for his part, was
travelling again. He flew to Lon
don Tuesday night for talks with
Prime Minister Macmillan and
Foreign Secl etary Selwyn Lloyd.
then to Paris Thursday to confer
with President De Gaulle and For
eign Minister Maurice Couve de
Murville; then to Bonn yesterday,
where he will weekend as the
guest of Chancellor Adenauer.
The purpose of the quick sweep,
Mr.. Dulles insisted, was to give
and take" =" Il shall do more listen
ing than talking" he told report
ers in London, Stressing that he
brought with him no new policy"
proposals on the future of Ger
many.
Evening star., 1959-02-08
In Italy,: :
:Segni: Tries

Former President Antonio Segni
was called Friday to attempt to
put together a new cabinet. Presi-
dent Giovanni Gronchi designated
Mr.. Segni after failing TO induce
outgoing Premier Amintore Fam
FAM to remain in Office,
The Premier-DeSignate is
Christian Democrat and pro-
Western. as is Mr. Fanfani. He is
attempting either to organize an
other coalition cabinet. or to get
enough approval in the Parliament
for minority Christian Democrat
government, the latter considered
an unlikely prospect.
Behind the Italian government
crisis appears to be a general po-
lltlcal confusion in the major
parties. particularly in the Chris
tlan Democratic. Mr.. Fanfani.
after his resignation as Premier,
also resigned his post as head Of
the Christian Democrats in a move
to reorganize the party: In addi-
ton, Pietro Nennis Left Socialists,
long allied with the Communists,
has been steadily moving away
from that alliance. while the Right
Socialists led by Giuseppe Saragat
have been torn by disSension.
Evening star., 1959-02-08
Ambassador Informed

The Department reported that
transcript of the tape was
handed to Soviet Ambassador
Mikhail Menshikov on November
:l3. with no response. Almost two
months later. the Department
said. both Mr. Dulles and Vice
President Nixon questioned Mr..
.Mikoyan on the whereabouts OF
the IL missing airmen and offered
to play back the tape for him,
which he refused. But the Soviet
official told his queStioners that
the aircraft was not shot down by
Russian fighters. and also that he
knew nothing of the missing men.
How could Mr.. Eisenhower
tl,uSt what KhruShchev said after
the experience with the bad faith
of Mi Mikoyan, the Premier's
chief lieutenant? asked the
Dulles Spokesmen. thus taking what
well may be fatal lick at another
project: The possibility that Pres
ldent Eisenhower may visit the
Soviet Union in response to fiat
invitation proffered By Mr.. Khru-
shcheV Thursday.
The Soviet Premier has extended
his invitation despite his own
complaint that, even as a private
visitork he could not visit the
United States.
Mr. Eisenhower, at his Wednes-
day press conference, had called
suehSa a visit impossible" Petu-
lahtly, Mr.. Khrushchev told the
closing session of the Party Con-
gress: This (the Presidents re-
mark was an unexpected deduc-
ton. 1t is something very close
to discrimination when one man
can enjoy the right common to all
and the other is deprived of it,"
He went on to say he was much
too busy in any event to visit any
where-"we' have our hands full
lfere"-but added his invitation to
Mr.. Eisenhower: IF the President
should wish to come to our coun-
try he would be received with
heartfelt hospitality. , he could
take along anyone he likes. They
will all be welcome guests. Let
the President study map Of the
Soviet Union and pick OHt the
places in our country he would
like to visit. -
But the Khrusllchev invitation
came in the midst of an. unusually
bitter denunciation Of certain
ClrcleS" in the United States WINCH
the Soviet Premier charged. were
Evening star., 1959-02-08

ais to the. Soviet Union on the Ger
man question and the Berlin
crisis.
West Germany has been urging
an adamant. unyielding, uncom-
promising attitude toward the
Soviet proposals on Berlin. In this
stand Bonn has been backed
vigorously by French President
De Gaulle, with the French in
some instances taking an even
sitter stand than Nh Adenauer.
Britain, on the other hand. is
believed to be leaning toward
greater "fexibility" with MI.
Macmillan under great pressure
from the Labor Party opposition
to promote some understandings
with Moscow to end the cold war.
And Mr. Macmillan's government
faces general elections this year.
Thus the Dulles mission is pre-
Sumably TO find out what the
British, French. and Germans are
thinking, to eValuate that, and to
then attempt effective co-0rdina-
ton of their views with his own.
so that a Foreign Ministers meet
ing with the Russians in May. now
accepted as certain, will find the
Western allies united.
Meanwhile, Mr. Macmillan an
nounced last week that he will ac-
cept long standing invitation to
visit Moscow this month. The
Prime Minister told the House of
Commons that the visit would
add greatly to the determination of
Western policy on both Germany
and the broader question Of gen.
eral European security. He will
be accompanied by MI. Lloyd and
a small staff when he flies to the
Soviet capital February 81 for a
stay of week or ten days sso
In another cold war episode
reminiscent of the blockade of
Berlin in l948-49, the Soviet army
on WEDNESDAYS. released four
American military trucks held
since Monday at the HeimstCdt
autobahn checkpoint for "in9Iec-
ton. The American detail of
four men driving the trucks had
refused to be inspected. Repre-
Sentati0ns to Soviet officials were
unavaihng untll sharp note from
Washington to Moscow delivered
al the Foreign Ministry en-
Evening star., 1959-02-08
For Cyprus::
An. Accord?

The Swiss city Of Zurich was the
quiet. neutral site Friday for the
beginning of a meeting of great
Importance to Strife-torn Cyprus.
Premier Adnan Menderes of Tur-
key and his Foreign Minister.
Fatin RuStu Zorlu, sat across the
table from Greek Premier Kon-
srantin Karamanlis and Foreign
Minister Eyangelos Averoff -Tos-
SlZla.
The statesmen arc attempting
to work out an amiCable agree
ment on the future status or their
knsmen i'll Cyprus. A large Turk
lsh minority in Cyprus has de-
manded partition and autonomy
III the event that the Cypriots
win independence from Britain.
The British have offered a COM
promise plan for the islands i'm
mediate future, but both Greek
and Turkish Cypriots have re-
iected it. "EnoSis," or political
union with Greece. long sought
by the Greek CypmotS fighters
for independence. has been ruled
out.
Neither Britain, which adminls-
teIs Cyprus as Crown Colony,
nor the Cyprlots themselves are
represented at the Zurich meet
ing. But both are watching closely.
II an alTang gement3can be made
Wee1l' Turkey and Greece
rcspeetms their ethnic groups on
q Cyprus. the way will be cleared
for ending the violence which has
claimed more than 430 lives since
the. liberation movement resorted'
10 force IN 1865. -. p.
Evening star., 1959-02-08
AHports::
Veto Next?

President Eisenhower thinks
the Nations, airlineS should build
their own "depots,' just like the
railroads did. He objects TO
spending any more Federal money
TO construct mice. lovely admin
lstration buildings. for airports.
In sharp and bitter terms he
spoke his mind, on the subject
Wednesday at his news con-
ference. Two days later the Sen
ate passed Democratic-spon-
sored bill. providing S465 million
over a four-year period for Fed
eral aid to airport construction.
The funds would have to be
matched dollar for dollar by local
. communities, but Mr.. Eisenhower
thinks 1t is time for the Federal
Government to. get out of the
airport construction BUSINESS al
together.
With calculating eye on the
White House, Lyndon johnson
had Topped 500 million of the
bill on the Senate floor. There
seemed little chance that this
would make it any more palatable
10 Nh, Eisenhower. however.
. He is expected to veto the air.
port aid, as he did similar bill
last year.
Evening star., 1959-02-08
The Initiation Issue

But there are responsible lead
rs OF. both parties who would like
% see the issue of initiation re-
moved from the area of political
controversy. 1t rs too closely in
tertwined, they feel, with. the non
partisan problem of expanding
The. national economy to keep pace
with the Soviet's growing eco.
ionic strength.
The Congressional Joint Eco
ionic Committee is probing the
nf1ation problem in this light. 1t
las listened to wide variety of
economic views.
Some economists support the
Presidents view thatreduced Gov
2rnment spending is the best way
20 check inflationary pressures.
Others hold that there is a better
chance of balancing the budget at
higher spending levels. The theory
lere is that Government spending
timulateS business and produces
nore taxes,
Most witnesses appearing before
Evening star., 1959-02-08
Bills With o.Chonce

The evolving strategy Of the
Democratic leadership, under the
restraining hand of Senator
johnson and Speaker Rayburn.
was to produce legislation that
stood at least a chance of escaping
a Presidential veto.
Whether the two Democratic
leaders had sounded Mr.. Eisen-
hover out personally on how far
his budget might be stretched be-
fore the veto was invoked was an
intriguing question. The PreSi-
dent let it be known during the
week that he had invited the two
Texans to the White House twice
for private conferences in. the
last month.
If Mr.. Eisenhower was in a
compromising mood. he gave no
evidence of it at his weekly news
conference. He delivered a sharp
lecture on the evils of imitation.
He challenged. Democrats to take
the honest way" of voting more
taxes if they increase spending.
Many leaders of Congress in
the past have talked to me. and
1 mean congressional leaders
from both parties. about the need
for keeping expenditures within
our income. avoiding the cheap
ening of our money" the Presi-.
dent said.
II believe in that, and I am
going to do every possible thing
I can to keep expenditures with.
in that level"
The United States Chamber of
Commerce, which would. like TO
. slash the Eisenhower budget by
81 billion. viewed the weeks de-
velopments. as "a stampede of in
fiatlonary, big Government. pro-
labor legislation that outstrips
anything seen in Congress since
= the .heydsy of the New. Deal"
Initiation is the other side of
the budget coin. but there are.
many members of Congress who
do not agree that the solution is
simple matter of holding the
line on Government spending.
The issue Of rising prices. UNI
doubtedly helped the Democrats
IN the 1858 elections. Republicans
would like to turn the tables and
blame the Democrats for imitation
IN 1860. They think they can-if
prices start moving up again and
if they can pin the charge of reck-
less spending on the Democratic
led 86th Congress.
Evening star., 1959-02-08
THE NATIONAL SCENE 8! .".... ....:' I. 5.
Money Is the Key.
In Congress so Far

NOTHING is easier than the
expenditure OF public money.
II does not appear to belong to
anybody. The temptation is
overwhelming TO bestoD ID on
somebody" o.s. .
CO O.. Cabin Coolidge.
The panied outcrieS from Re-
publicanS last week gave the i'm
preston at times that the
Democrats were trying TO bestow
every dollar in the Federal Treas
ury on someone.
An answering below from the
Democrats pictured President
Eisenhower as the stingiest man
in the White House since Mr..
Coolidge. %
Thus was the, long -heralded
battle of the budget Joined on the
floor of Congress. BY the end Of
the week Mr. EiSenhower's deli
cately balanced budget for fiscal
1860 was splashed with red. ink
and in imminent threat Of found
ering in the mounting waves. -
In the public mind. nurtured BY
propaganda blasts from both sides,
it was a battle between the
'spenders" and the "non-Spend-
ers." The cries of the protago-
nists all but drowned out the
deeper issues affecting the national
welfare and the national solvency.
The Democrats. in heavy major
ity went methodically about re-
writing the legislative programs
submitted by the President. But
they did so with an obvious effort
to avoid the "spend-thrift' label
that Republicans were trying to
pin on them.
Evening star., 1959-02-08
On Missiles:
Arguments

The controversy over the state
Of the national defense continued
last week, with the administration
still insisting that congressional
critics are wrong. and the critics
contending the administration Is
dangerously complacent.
Defense Secretary McElroy told
the House Armed Services COM
mittee I'VE are not putting our
feet in concrete for three or four
years ahead ia missile Develop
ment and production. Retired
Gen. James Doolittle told another
House committee that American
ICBM production and know how"
would equal that of the Soviet
Union in six months to year.
In all the. testimony before the
House committees and the Senate
Preparedness Subcommittee. there
has been a great disparity between
estimates of American missile
progress compared TO the Russian.
The administration continues to
insist that the overall capacity
of the United States armed forces
to retaliare against an attacker is
adequate. But critics pound away
at the penny -pinching" policy
. they charge the Eisenhower
administration is pursuing.
On Friday a giant new second
generation" ICBM, the Titan. was
successfully launched at the Cape
Canaveral test station in Florida.
The Titan is slated to succeed the
more complicated and shorter
range Atlas missile, which has
been in test firing. stage for the
past year. The Air Force, deve1-
oper of the huge, 90-foot ICBM.
claims a range of 5000 miles for
it when fully powered. Fridays
test missile was fueled for only
220 miles. Two previous attempts
10 launch Titan had failed.
Evening star., 1959-02-08

Concessions?

The only real question in the
Senate debate on the housing
bill was what concessions Lyndon
Johnson would choose to make
to President Eisenhower. 90
To reduce the chances of
Presidential veto the Majority
Leader supported two compro-
misses in the Democratic bill One
reduced the sum provided for di-
rect housing loans to veterans in
rural areas from $500 million to
$3.50 million. The other cut Sl00
million from the section Of the
bill providing loans for college
dormitorieS. reducing the figure
to $500 million.
With these two changes the
housing bill giving Mr.. EiSenhOw-
er about 81 billion more in spend
ing authority than he had asked
was passed easily. The vote was
so to %. with AZ Democrats and
l3 Republicans for and l8 Re-
publicans and 10 Democrats,
against.
The bill contains $2.l billion for
a SiX-year Slum clearance pro-
gram. $3.50 million more than the
O President wanted. II includes au-
thority for $4,000 additional pub
lie housing. units, though Mr..
Eisenhower had not asked for
any.
The interest rate on veterans
mortgage guaranteed by the Gov
errment would go up from 434 to
5i4 per cent. There has been lit-
tie money available to veterans at
the lower rate.
The cost of the. bill in fiscal
1860 would be only about S135
million, which may save it from
a veto.
I'VE hope We can get some
housing. out Of this bill and not
an issue, -" Senator Johnson de-
clared. : =.
The House has already voted
$500 Million. double the Senate
figure, for loans to rural veterans
hut has not yet taken up the rest
OF the housing program
Evening star., 1959-02-08

have complained that the Ksssen1
government had left the path Of
the revolution" that overthrow the
pro-Western government of King
FeiSal last summer.
All six men were considered in-
dependent Nationalists and OPP
posed to Communist influences in
the Kassem regime. ''.
Whether. the designations indi-
cate a more pro-Communist policy
by Premier Kassem remains to
be seen. Since the revolt that
ended the monarchy, the Kassem
regime has attempted to steer q
middle course between the pam
Arabism of the United Arab Re-
publics President Nasser and the
strong Iraqi Communist Party.
Evening star., 1959-02-08
Dynamite on Tape

This bomb" was in. the innocu-
GUS form of a reel of tape, re-
cording purported to be that Of a
Soviet fighter squadron in action
against wandering American
reconnaissance plane.
The voices of the. pilots, if the
tape is genuine (the State Depart
ment is satisfied that it is. but de-
cllnes to- reveal its source dis
Z close that the craSh-landing of the
American C-130 in Soviet Ar
menia last September 2 was no
accident" but a deliberate shoot,
ing down of an unarIned plane
some miles inside the Soviet bor-
ders,
And State Department sources
were unreluctant to point out,
also. that the. magic tape tended
TO make a. prevaricator out Of a
recent visitor. to the United States:
AnastaS l. Mikoyan. First Deputy
Premier of the Soviet Union.
Plainly, the Dulles time bomb
was a calculated effort to Stiffen
public opinion in the United States
and in the West generally for a
more rigid" line against the
Soviet bloc in the months to. come.
. There has been. great concern in
the Dulles organization. since the
Mikoyan visit. that the "fiexibil-
lty" he apparently represented
and sought-Was proving to be
attractive to Americans as we'll as
to Western Europeans. Evidence
of cold-blooded attack on
an American plane, in the
crash of which II American men
lost their lives (Six are known
dead; IL are missing, it was
thought would nip in the bud any
bloSsoming of American sentiment
for peaceful coexistence."
Moscow radio broadcast the
Kremlln'S. reaction to the tape
yesterday. "A sensational farce"
said the Soviet spokesman; mo
such recording exists"
Evening star., 1959-02-08
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Skirmishing for Peace

If you insist. Mr.. Dulles, we are
prepared for. the sake of ending
the cold war to,concede victory in
this war, which bodies no good to
the people nor to you. Gentlemen,
consider yourselves the victor in
this war Just SO you end it forth
with"
In a week replete with ma
neuvering. with sparring and
. jockeying for. positions in the
enduring cold war between East
and West, this contribution by
Soviet Premier Khrushchev to the
already vast historiography of that
war was little noticed. 1t had
little significance, either, except
perhaps as a one-paragraph index
to the nature of the all-but shoot
ing struggle that has weighted the
worlds peoples with awesome
armaments budgets and nameless
perils almost every day since
1916.
Mr.. Khrushchev was speaking
. to the closing session Of the 2lst
Congress of the Communist Party
of the Soviet Union. His hearers
included representatives of 10
Communist parties in as many ma
tions;. his words were in addition
broadcast far -and-wide through
out the world. And while the
stocky Soviet leader was address,
ing his comrades, the Secretary of
the United States, John Foster
Dulles, was very busy with a num-
ber of Western statesmen in their
own capitals.
There was no little activity in
Washington. either. despite the
oft-repeated charges that Mr..
Dulles frequent travels leave the
State Department store untended.
This time the Secretary left time
bomb behind. and it exploded as
planned at 1915 pm. Thursday
when reporters covering the De-
partment gathered for their reg
ular daily briefiing by Press Officer
Lincoln White
Evening star., 1959-02-08
Civil Rights:
NewPIon

1.-TWO principles. basic to our
system of government are that
the. rule Of law is supreme, and
that every individual, regardless of
his race, religion or national origin,
Is entitled to the equal protection
Of the laws"
With these words, President
Eisenhower dropped his own civil
rights proposals into a legislative
% Continued on Page A-24
Evening star., 1959-02-08

the. committee have been .optimis-
tic about the economic outlook,
, except for one dour statistic.
For the last five years the eco
nomic growth of the. United
States has been at an average
annual rate of less than LIS per
cent. 90 ,ee 20
'' Nkits Khrushchev boaSted re-
Gently that the Soviet economy
will expand at the rate of 86 per
cent a year under the new seven-
year plan. 90
This is sthe primary economic
problem facing the United States,
most OF the experts would agree,
1t is a problem that cannot be
detached from the great debate
over initiation and a balanced
budget. 90 o.
Evening star., 1959-02-08
No New Policy

The Secretary's concern with de-
emphasizing persistent reports
that he was about to make a
major switch in American policy
toward Germany was oCcasioned
largely by West German reactions.
On Monday Mr. Dulles had long
session with the new Chairman OF
the Senate Committee on Foreign
Relations, Senator Fulbright of
Arkansas. Senator Fulbright has
long been an outSpoken critic of
the Dulles conduct of foreign pol
icy. Particularly of what he has
called Its "rigidity.' - After the
meeting. held in a relaxed atmos-
phere at the Dulles home, Senator
Fulbright told reporters that the
Secretary was considering very
seriously certain counter-propOs-
Evening star., 1959-02-08
.o.. q.
Middle East:
Uneasy hoq

Six cabinet ministers rcSlcnrd
together Friday from the govern
7ment Of Premier, Abdsl Karm
kasSem. They were reported to