davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06
For Air Safety Only

While the Federal-aid- to-airports
legislation passed by Congress authorizes
projects outside the safety field, Presi-
dent Eisenhower is justified in his deter
mination to use the funds only for pro-
noting aviation safety. He can thus
restrict the two-year, $126 million pro-
gram because of the discretionary power
vested in the Federal Aviation Agency
by the measure.
Federal Aviation Administrator Que
sada had urged Congress in the hear
ings to eliminate all airport "frills" by
limiting the proposed Federal aid to such
projects as airstripS, control towers and
other essential buildings and equipment.
There were hints of a presidential veto
If the bill provided for construction
of cocktail lounges, parking lots, night
clubs, theaterS, commercial Offices or
other features to be found in some of
the more luxurious airportS.
To meet administration objections
to Federal financing Of nonesSential
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06
Mr.. Castro Protests

Premier Fidel Castro has not added
to his stature as statesman in his de-
faint declaration that Cuba would not
accept any Intervention in its domestic
affairs or any investigation of Cuban
soil" by the Organization of American
States. For there has, Of course, been no
suggestion that the GAS was contem-
plating interference in Cubas domestic
Situation-as troubled as it obviously is.
However, by the terms of its charter, to
which Cuba is Signatory, the GAS does
have certain responsibilities for "the
peace and security" of the Western
hemisphere and it is an alleged threat
to these that currently is before the
Pan-American body If Cuba and Mr..
CaStro'S government are blameleSS in
today's Caribbean tensions, there is no
reason to rant about GAS intervention.
Actually, there is considerable evil
dence that Mr.. Castro has so much
trouble on his hands at home that he
would be unwiSe indeed to engage in
mischief elsewhere. Reports of counter
revolutionary activity on the island have
cropped up with increasing frequency
in recent days, with both police and
military authorities giving credence by
their announcements of arrests and sell
zure of arms. There have been at
least five cabinet designations within a
month. The resignation and disappear
ance of the Cuban Air Force Command
ar Moi od
by the officers charge that Communists
had inf1ltrated both the government and
the armed forces.
1t is not unusual for the course of
revolution and the period following such
an upheaval to be marked by internal
difficulties. The need for both economic
and political reforms was evident in
Cuba, and an effort to apply them was
virtually assured of poSt-revolutionary
questioning and resistance. 1t has been
time when trial, with its share of error,
was almost inevitable. This happens,
however, to be the normal burden of
revolutionary leader-the role chosen
by Mr.. CaStro-and his place in history
is determined by how we'll he discharges
the part. None will belittle the Cuban
Premier's expressed pride in his coun-
try'S sovereignty and dignity" But how
well they are preserved, and to what
degree it will be his doing, depend upon
his awareneSS that the chapter of being
a bearded guerrilla has ended and that
the time has come for the more complex
and demanding performance of an I'M
derStanding craftsmanship.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06
Beware of Chormers!

It's time we took stock
again, before we let this guy
Kozlov charm the pants of
us.
Let us not forget that he
is part Of the same clique
that set up the Russian
German pact-that double
crossed, then murdered the
HungarianS; and, as No. 3
man, he certainly shares the
responsibility for violation of
the Berlin agreement.
I'll agree he has a nice
smile and handshake, but !
like the Missouri style of do
ing business-show me first,
by deeds.
Herbert SOmmers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06
Freedom Wall

We have read your fine
editorial of June 90, "As OBJ
jectionable AS Ever" on the
Freedom Monument bill.
What is the use of having a
Fine Arts Commission when
any private corporation can
miSrepresent the views of
this protective commission to
Congress without being rep
rimanded for having told an
untruth to our lawmakers?
Somebody misrepreSented
the fact that the Fine Arts
Commission had approved
the plans of this huge monu-
ment in their eagerneSS to
acquire this public land. Was
it the head of the founda-
ton, the head of the National
Park Service or the people
chosen to push the monu-
ment bill?
Because they never did get
the complete approval as re-
quired by law. they are by
passing the Fine Arts Com
mission in this years at
tempt to get it through. So
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06

forgotten word - theology,
economics, travel.
Perhaps the best books for
sleep purposes are those
classics of yesteryear one
promised himself to read
some day but never quite got
around to.
The list is long, indeed!
We could string out the
titles and writer's, but it is
your list, not mine, that
counts.
The heavier the book, in
poundage, the better, too. No
body has ever invented a
chest pad to take the prod
of the big book.
Efforts have been made,
now and then, to use a desk
in bed, a sort of contraption
that holds the book up and
away from you.
1t is useless.
Such mechanical aids to
reading put gadgetry to work,
and Immediately one is on
the go again.
x X x
We have always found it
definitely sleep inducing,
when reading in bed, to roll
over on the left side. carry
ing the book with you.
This makes it necessary to
read lines running aslant,
with the effect of causing the
attention to fix itself.
This makes or1e sleepy, just
as the old device of counting
sheep did for those who
somehow preferred images OF
sheep to words.
The running lines of words
slip over the page quicker
than any sheep over hedges.
The morning sun never
comes up faster than words
disappear one by one along
the pages of a quick reader.
Fast reading is extolled
today. We are implored by
self = appointed experts to
read whole paragraphs and
even pages at a glance.
This is getting back to the
modern cult of going places.
Read at your own speed,
especially if trying to sleep
over it, and you may be
asleep before you know it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06
Royere's Facts

AS an ola ana CLOSE lFlellu
Of the late Senator Mccarthy,
1 fastened to read the book
Senator Joe Mccarthy" by
Richard H. Revere. Mr.. Ro-
we're, former associate editor
Of the New Masses and pro-
ponent of the Hitler-Stalin
pact, claims to have known
the late Senator. Just why
he hates him so remains I'M
explained.
In this book, in which Mr..
Mccarthy is called a liar
without proof on almost
every page. I marked IS mis-
statements of fact known to
me, plus many more I suspect
are inaccurate.
In an article in The Re-
porter Magazine of July 81,
1858, Mr.. Revere told how
Schine met Cohn and Nc
Carthy. I wrote him at the
time and copied his para
graph, inserting in parenthe-
ses corrections of each mis-
statement. AS returned to
him, his paragraph read:
THE story is that last fall
a Rabbi Schultz of Yonkers,
N. Y, rabbi Schultz is of
ManhattanD, who runs an
organization called the Jew
ish League Against Commu-
niSm (The American Jewish
League Against Communism,
IncO sought out the hospital
ity of the Gulf Stream Hotel
(Which he has never seen or
been i'm, another Schine Ho-
tel co in Miami Beach (Which
city Rabbi Schultz has never
visited to this day. found
Definition of Communism"
(Which he has never read and
never found in any room in
his room, was stunned by its
depth of understanding (via
osmosis a la Rovere), prompt
ly sought out the author (poS-
sibly while sleep walking)
and introduced him to Roy
Cohn (which he has never
done)."
Now in his new book Mr..
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06
Veterans Pensions

Absolute need" must be
the reward of World War I
veterans for waiting 40 years
for a chance to file for a
non-service connected disa-
bility pension. At the age of
IS only 10 per cent disability
must be shown under the
present law. The World War
I veterans are now reaching
GA and IS, thus becoming ELI
gible for this pension. Now
comes a new bill, passed by
the House, to defeat this law
by making. need" the basis
Of help. The House passed
this bill without discussion or
amendments within 40 min
utes and sent it to the Senate
for action. If the income of
the elderly wife and that of
her elderly husband exceeds
$4,000 a year, then the old
veteran of World War I isn't
eligible for help, even though
the elderly wife worked and
with the aid of a relative &C
quired an income throughout
their marriage to help meet
living expenses.
Who supplied the things
these veterans needed during
the past years? The now ell
-derly wife, most likely. Who
supplied these old veterans
with a home with no down
payments or educational ad-
vantages like the World War
II veterans received? No one,
not even the Government for
which they fought.
The new bill emphasizes
the cost, of non-sefvice con-
nected disability pensions for
the old vets, but nothing is
mentioned about that fund
being used to pay pensions of
service-connected disability if
the veteran prefers.
World War l Vet.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06

The Bureau of Indian Affairs,
which presumably has been minding it's
own business without unusual offense to
anybody, is threatened with new head
ache. A pair of lawmakers in the Penn
Sylvania Legislature have introduced a
bill to give Philadelphia back to the
Indians. At first sight, at least, there
was no evidence. that the Indians them
selves were responsible for this effort
to add to the red mans burden. There
is, however, slightly suspicious circum-
stance in the fact that a Seneca, known
appropriately as Chief Halftown, has
stepped forward quickly to say, IF
they're serious, I'll take it."
HaSty research reveals that the
SenecaS, one of the Iroquoian tribes
described as the most warlike of the
Five Nations, really belong in Western
New York, although some of them live
today in Ontario and Oklahoma. AS for
Philadelphia, there has been long
standing impression that it belonged to
Benjamin Franklin, although something
like family rights may have been passed
along to the Saturday Evening Post. In
any case, it seems likely that enactment
of the legislation surely would lead to
jurisdictional troubles if not outright
tribal warfare. In such event, as noted
with some concern above, it probably
would all land in the unhappy hands of
the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Obviously,
the legislation should be defeated-in
the interest Of brotherly love.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06
THIS AND THAT
By Charles (. TRACEWELL

we discussed now to go to
sleep the other day, but for
got one of the ancient rene
dies.
Reading a dull book will do
it for some people.
Just what is a dull book
depends upon the individual.
Sometimes even a novel is
dull if it is long-winded and
seems to get nowhere. Stories
ought to move, and usually
do, under the subtle influence
of the movies.
The whole subject of read
ing in bed comes up, because
people don't read in bed now
as much as they used to.
Why this is so is something
of a mystery.
Maybe it is because most
people today have succumbed
to the slogan of "going
Places,
Going takes the place of
doing and thinking.
We go places without eff
fort-and without thought.
We think we do, but we
only go; we believe we are
thinking, when all the time
we are merely repeating
other peoples thoughts.
x y X
A dull book, is it?
1t is not necessarily a dull
book for others, but only as
you find it so in bed.
Reading in bed does not
have the standing, perhaps,
it once had.
Nothing seems to have
standing any more.
The triumphs of the hui
man spirit are sneered at, the
old delights called tiresome,
and even the honest, upright
citizens are called squares"
with ill-concealed diSdain.
To stink off to bed when
you are tired and there read
yourself asleep no longer has
any standing in a world
where men are aspiring to
the stars.
Yet g few will, one may
think, still seek happiness in
a quiet way.
All cannot be thunder and
lightning.
The thrill of publicity, of
having thousands of I'M
known persons know who
you are. loses its lure at
nightfall.
The fact that it makes lit
tie difference if they know
who you are or not ought
to play some part. and it
does, rightly, when common
sense sends you to bed with
a book.
X
Every home reader has a
long list of works he ought
to have read.
These may be in law. medi-
cine or just. plain ethics-a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06
How Much q Billion Is

VINO pays Tor the foreign
aid" so generously handed
out by Congress and our
President? We do-you and
I-partly through that with
holding tax device which
takes a substantial part of
our earnings before we can
get our hands on it.
This year the President is
asking for some 81 billion for
foreign aid" In the current
issue of the American Legion
Magazine, Editor Joseph C..
Kelley gives us a rundown on
what it takes to net less than
SO billion in these United
States, and, mind you. we are
asked to give 81 billion for
laid" this year. Mr.. Kelley
states: LAS in the case of in
dividuals, corporations have
to produce for the money
they get, and it takes a lot of
collective effort to make and
sell enough steel, automobiles,
gasoline, and appliances to
clear a billion dollars. To give
you an idea, here are the
earnings of some of our larg-
est industries for all of 1858:
General Motors, $685. mil
lion; Standard Oil of New
Jersey, $562,1 million; United
States Steel. $301.6 million;
General Electric, $242.9 mil
lion: Socony Mobile Oil, $156.7
million; Gulf Oil, $329.5 mil
lion; Bethlehem Steel, $137.7
million; Ford Motors, 1857
million; DUPONT de NemourS,
$341.2 million: Union Car
bide, $124.9 million.
Simple addition will show
that the total earnings of all
these big corporations came
to less than SO billion, far
less than what we are asked
to give for foreign aid in
1860. Now try to visualize
what this represents in terms
of people at work-vast num-
berS of them working on as
sembly lines and at desks.
scientists trying to locate new
supplies or improve products
and techniques, sales organi-
cations attempting to get and
increase business, service
stats functioning to keep the
products operating satisfac-
torily. A billion dollars OBJ
viously is not as easily &C
quired as some people think"
Don't look now, but our
money is resembling Confed-
crate money more every day.
The only way to stop this
evil trend is to stop congress
sionsl spending and cut out
all foreign" and domestic"
aid and socialistic projects at
home-balance the budget
and restore a dollar redeem
able in gold. Our freedom
depends on it.
Geraldine NJ. Berryhil1.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06

There is a shell around
the l00,000,000, 000-star Milky
Way galaxy-the conglomer-
alton Of stars and star sys-
TENS which light. travelling
10000 miles a second, ira
verses in about 100000 years.
This galaxy includes all
the visible heavens. The
solar system is an extremely
minute part Of 1t.
The shell is made up Of
gigantic gas clouds in which
powerful magnetic fields are
"frozen." These clouds are
almost vacuums with a den
sity Of only about 5000
atoms per cubic centimeter.
Ordinary air is thousands Of
times denser. The shell is
about 10000 light years thick.
1t serves, by and large, to.
make the galaxy a self
contained system. Through it
cosmic ray particles pro-
tons, electrons and nuclei
of atoms-produced in great
star explosions and moving
in all directions with almost
the speed of light, cannot
escape into coSmic space.
That is the presumably COM
pletely empty space between
the galaxies. There are at
least a billion of them, each
as large and some much
larger than the Milky Way
galaxy.
This is a major finding Of
cosmic ray research all over
the world during the last 10
years, according to a report
just published in the Journal
of Geophysical Research, Of
fetal scientific journal of the
American Geophysical Union.
"HalOS" on Galaxies
Other galaxies, perhaps all
of them, have the same sort
of shells-"halos," they are
called by DR.. B. Peters of the
University of Copenhagen
who prepared the report. 1t
has definitely been estab-
lished that one surrounds
galaxy M 81, the Milky Way
SYSTEMS nearest neighbor in
Creation, of about the same
size and shape, somewhat
more than 100000 light
years away.
Existence of the tenuouS
shell explains some of the
mysteries of cosmic radia-
tion-the fact that it reaches
the earth from all directions
with the same intensity, and
the enormous energies of
some of the particles. The
particles are trapped in the
magnetic fields of the gas
clouds. Relatively few escape
to be lost in infinity. Within
these fields they are whirled
around at terrific speeds and
given push after push, in the
manner of a cyclotron in a
physics laboratory. Finally
they are shot back into the
galaxy in which they were
created.
The studies have revealed,
DR.. Peters says, that the
galaxy is surrounded by a
roughly spherical region filled
with a large number of
diffuse. weakly radio noise
emitting centerS which can
not be identified with visible
astronomical objects. 1t be-
came apparent that not radio
stars but concentrations of
electrons spiraling around
magnetic lines of force must
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Milky Way Has She'll of Gas Clouds
BY THOMAS R. HENRY

be responsible for the radio
emission. AS a result Of these
observations 1t is now gen.
orally accepted that our own
galaxy and other similar
systems are surrounded by
halos OF turbulent, magnet
lied gas clouds. Cosmic rays
are prevented from escaping
oy DETECTION in irregular
magnetic fields.
Still the earth receives
both radio waves and cosmic
rays that undoubtedly come
from outside the Milky Way
galaxy. The observations in
dicate, the report says. that
there are other galaxies in
Creation with 1000 times
more cosmic ray particles
and cosmic ray energy than
this one. These would be the
hot spots" of the universe.
There have been periods
when the rain of cosmic rays
on the earth's surface has
been 10 to 100 fold greater
than now.
This may have been the
most potent factor in the
evolution of life from the
most primitive of animals to
man and the higher birds
and mammals Of today.
The theory also is presented
by DR.. Peters. 1t is we'll
recognized that radiation is
probably the most potent
factor in causing mutations,
or hereditary changes, in all
living things. While the vast
majority of such changes are
for the bad, a rare few rep
resent definite advances and
these presumably are re-
sponsible for all evolutionary
progress.
There now are frequent
warnings that increase of
radiation in the atmosphere
due to atomic experiments,
which would add slightly to
the natural background
mostly due to cosmic radia-
ton, might we'll lead to Sc
riouS degeneration of the
human species.
From Exploding Stars
Most of the natural radi-
alton comes, DR.. Peters
points out, from exploding
stars both in the 100-billion-
star Milky Way galaxy Of
which the solar system is a
part, and in other similar
galaxies. Such a star sud-
denly flares up to as much
as a million times its pre-
vious luminoSity-a so-called
"super-nova."
Such an outburst takes
place in this galaxy, he says.
about once a century, but
mostly so far from the earth
that they have not been
observed. Still within the
past 1000 years there are
records of five within 1000
light years. A light year is
approximately 5000, 900, 000,-
600 miles, or the distance
covered in a year by light
moving at a speed of 1885,
900 miles a second. The
star diSintegrates into a vast
cloud of highly radioactive
dust and gas which expands
until it fills a sphere Is to 20
light years in diameter.
This may persist from 1000
to 5000 years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06
Enjoyed Visit

Your fine city did a Splen-
did job of hosting the Ameri-
can Library Association Con-
vention. From the standpoint
of hospitality, newspaper
coverage and the many Won
derful things to see, I think
this was the finest national
convention of our association
that I ever attended.
1 was particularly pleased
and impressed with the news
coverage given the various
meetings of our groups, and
felt that the newspapers took
a great deal Of pride in things
literary. I feel certain that
the attention given the IL
brary profession during our
convention will be reflected
in greater attention on the
part of District residents to
your own local needs in this
field. 1t was my pleasure to
visit the main public library
building and to learn of the
manv fine branch libraries
that you have constructed.
While everything has been
done that could be done with
your main library building to
make it an attractive and
serviceable institution, I am
sure that recent activities
will influence local thinking
about the needs for a more
adequate and representative
library building. Somehow I
expected our Nations Capital
to have the finest, as an ex-
ample to the rest of the coun-
try. Thank you for a fine
convention in a wonderful
city.
Joe TempletOn,
Director, Mobile, Ala, Pub
liz 7 library
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06
EnIiqhteninq

Has it ever occurred to
manufacturers and retailers
that we would buy more OF
their products if we didn't
continually have to spend
money to repair what we al
ready have and are stuck
with? AS an example, look at
the simple everyday light bulb.
The light bulbs you buy today
in drug stores, grocery stores,
ETC., are 120-volt bulbs and
are so marked on top. Has
anyone wondered why they
last such a short time? I
did, and investigated. The
Potomac Electric Power Co.
informed me that the stand
ard operating line voltage in
this area is, and has been for
about 20 years, not 120 volts
but 1875 volts. That makes a
differencel I now buy all my
light bulbs at a local electri-
cal contractors supply house,
specifying 125-volt bulbs. Our
bulbs now last indefinitely.
When are capital and man
ufacturing going to realize
that the customer is their life
blood?
AS an engineer, I have no
use for things that don't
work and are subject to con-
slant repair because of poor
quality. All too many things
these days are sold on their
fancy looks instead Of their
functional characteristics and
utility. Light bulbs can't be
repaired. This leads me to
believe that the improper
120-volt bulb is being sold to
insure that the customer will
soon be back for more, usual
ly in about a week.
Customer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06

@. In sculpture, what is
meant by high relief"?-
R. G.
A. In high relief, the fig
ureS stand out from the
background for a distance of
more than half their thick
ness
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06

Pen names may be used il
letters carry lOriterS' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
Sdtion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06

what is the use of having a
Fine Arts Commission to pro-
tect our National Capital
area from statesmen dumping
their wares far away from
their States?
In fact, what is the need
for a Congress at all, when
the Interior Department
wants so badly to run the
show and ignore the intent
and wishes of the people?
The bill that should be
passed is one abolishing the
present management of the
National Park Service, who
feels he has inherited the
Government.
Will Davidson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06
Answers to Questions

by HE HASkINS SERVICE
A reader can get an answer. BY
mail, tn any question of fact by
writing The Star Information Bu-
reau 635 street NV Washington
4 D c Please enclose return post
age OF self addressed stamped
envelope
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-06

Every home reader has a
long list of works he ought
to have read.
These may be in law. medi-
cine or just. plain ethics-a