davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1959-11-29

the United States to the Soviet
Union. Arguing that debate on
Hungary would not be incon-
Sistent with the spirit of Camp
David" United States Delegate
Henry Cabot Lodge said to the
Russians and Hungarians'
I'VE can only build a peaceful
world on deeds-deeds of justice. 9.
why don't you do something to
show that you really believe IN
the spirit of Camp David9 Why
don't you take down the barbed
wire and the observation towers
which now divide the poor Hun
garians from Austria and the free
world, and which have turned
Hungary into a vast human cage?
Why don't you chain up the savage
dogs which roam along the hor-
der to catch the miserable human
beings who are seeking freedom?"
Must Be improvement
1t was as if he was saying:
We in the United States have
gone along with the Macmillan
thesis that detente would be the
best and only practical way of
improving the lot of the satellite
peoples.
But there must be improve
ment. If there is repression, all
bets are off"
The Soviet reply IVES, in effect,
Keep your hands of the satel-
lites. What we do there is our
own business. The sooner you
realize this, the better for every
one"
This is a serious deadlock.
Whatever diplomatic "realists"
may say in private, whatever re-
luctance there is in Washington
to spend the billions necessary to
restore the military balance, it
will be extremely hard, in a show
down. for Americans to swallow
what Mr.. Lodge called the moan
ing colonialist slum" of Eastern
Europe.
Mr.. Khrushchev has gained a
good deal in the last year. But
he has not yet won the ball game.
He could lost it all, U. N. people
say, If Soviet communism does
not steadily evolve away from
Stalinism.
Evening star., 1959-11-29
Sees Agreement

Mr. Herter reiterated to reporters
his belief that new and mutually
satisfactory arrangement could be
worked out with the Soviet Union
that would be better than the
setup now in effect. But he also
admitted that he thought the
Soviet goal as to Berlin remained
the same: He (Premier Nikita
Khrushchev) is going to get us
out"
Last week the two most impor-
tant Soviet newspapers, the
government organ Izvestia and
the Soviet Communist Party jour-
nal Pravda, took Mr.. Herter
severely to task for some of his
foreign policy views. The criticism
was, for the Soviet press, re-
strained and moderate in tone and
was preceded by a full report of
what the Secretary had actually
said. But, said the Moscow COM
mentatorS, Mr.. Herter's score on
foreign affairs. in the light of his
replies to 10 hypothetical questions
posed by a Sunday magazine sup
plement of national circulation,
must be considered poor"
In recent weeks the Soviet press
has been unusually gentle in it's
treatment of American officialdom,
particularly Mr.. Herter. Only a
week ago Pravda told its readers
that Mr.. Herter possessed "a much
closer understanding of peaceful
coexiStence than his predecessors"
But Thursdays blast was more in
the tradition of the regular raps
that the Communist Party news
paper liked to aim at John Foster
Dulles.
"The author of these ridiculous
replies did not seek solutions to
these really difficult questions put
to him." Pravda charged; "he
avoided them, trying to cover up
by (using) cold war phraseology.
The Moscow newspaper attacks
echoed the prevailing Kremlin
attitude on the East-West situa-
ton, Western diplomats in Wash
ington commented. They recalled
that, since his visit to the United
States in September, Mr.. Khru-
shchev has stressed his belief that:
l. The American people are
much opposed to the cold war.
2. President Eisenhower is a
Evening star., 1959-11-29
Disarmament:
Value VS.. Risk

For himself, Mr.. Eisenhower
was making no statements on the
broader issues of peaceful coexist-
ence. On one aspect of the prob
lem, however, he did put himself
on record. Disarmament, he wrote
to Senator Hubert Humphrey,
Democrat of Minnesota, was a
goal very much to be sought.
There would be risks, he conceded,
in the possibility that some ma
tions might avoid or evade their
responsibilities were a disarma-
ment agreement to be achieved.
But the risks of failure to move
toward disarmament, he added,
would be enormous"
The President, replying to a let
ter from Senator Humphreys, who
is chairman of the Disarmament
Subcommittee of the Senate Com
mittee on Foreign Relations,
agreed that Jurisdiction by the
International Court of Justice
should be broadened, particularly
by the removal of a United States
reservation permitting unilateral
decision that any matter affecting
the United States could be de-
clared essentially domestic" and
Evening star., 1959-11-29
Bipartisan PorIey

Tomorrow morning, in keeping
with the devotion to the principle
of bipartisanShip in foreign policy
that has marked both the Truman
and Eisenhower administrations in
the years since World War II, Mr..
Eisenhower will meet with key
members Of Congress of both
parties at the White House. He
is expected to outline to them
what he expects his extensive and
tiring trip to accomplish. and to
ask of them their suggestions and
ideas.
The Eisenhower administration s
hopes for the future were outlined
in general by Secretary of State
Herter last Tuesday. Indirectly
taking notice of much criticism
from some quarters of the decision
to negotiate with the leaders of
the Soviet Union in an effort to
thaw some Of the worst ice jams
of the cold war. Mr.. Herter de-
clared that the Kremlin "had
come a long way" since last year in
its attitudes. More directly, the
Secretary took special note of pub
lie criticism leveled at adminis-
tration foreign policy over a week
ago by former Secretary of State
Dean Acheson. (See Story on
Page C-3).
Mr.. Acheson had told the
Washington meeting Of North
Atlantic Treaty Organization par
liamentarians that the West was
making a serious mistake in ne
gotiating with the Russians. To
this, Mr.. Herter replied that the
Moscow position on world affairs
had changed considerably since a
year ago.
Calling the Acheson attacks a
matter Of setting up a series
of straw men and then proceed
ing to knock them down, Mr.. Her.
ter pointed out that, a year ago,
the Soviet Union was contending
that the West had no legal rights
in West Berlin and had set time
limit for a change. Since then,
he said, Moscow has openly admit
ted the Vests legal rights in the
former German capital and had
moved away from the threat of
taking unilateral action"
Evening star., 1959-11-29

weapons testing began October 81,
1858 After some progress had
been made, the United States dele
cation last January asked that
further studies be made on the
detection of nuclear blasts in outer
space and underground. 1t was
submitted at the time that the
results of american underground
tests in Nevada had indicated that
the detection devices and tech
niques being considered at Geneva
were inadequate.
Chief Soviet delegate Semyon
K. Tsarapkin promptly charged
that the underground test issue
was being raised in an effort to
prevent any test ban. Last week 3
developments. however, revealed a
changed Soviet attitude that ex-
tended even to the insiStence on
veto power over on-Site inspec-
tions. Mr.. Tsarapkin asked that
the language of the test-ban
agreement be so phrased that he
could abandon the veto demand,
The Soviet delegation has ac-
cepted. in principle, a scheme
for a predetermined annual num-
Der of on-site inspections. A
seven-nation control commission,
with formal voting procedure,
would be set up under the terms
Of the treaty to oversee obser-
vance of the test ban. There was
considerable optimism last week
that test ban agreement will
be reached after the experts re-
port on their study into under
ground testing. A first report is
scheduled for December l..
Meanwhile, there was no sign at
Geneva that the impending tests
OF nuclear weapons by 4IaIce
would impair or wreck the work
of the three conferees. Conceiv-
ably, the Soviet Union could con-
Evening star., 1959-11-29

DlbbNA ANAoASAo NAeNoB AA4eAAAJ OSSCAN
ers. including Democratic Ma
tional Chairman Paul Butler, still
feel that a Catholic presidential
candidate would run under a sub
stantial handicap.
Senator Kennedy, scion of a
wealthy Massachusetts, family and
a PIT boat hero of the war against
Japan, has been shown by most
public opinion polls to be the lead
ing Democratic aspirant at this
time. While several Baptist groups
recently indicated their opposi-
ton to any Catholic candidate,
the question of religion had not
been brought into sharp focus as
of early last week.
Then last Wednesday the lid
few of. The Roman Catholic
Bishops of the United States
issued a statement opposing the
use of public funds to promote
birth control by artificial means
either at home or abroad.
Evening star., 1959-11-29
Kennedy's Problem

Senator Kennedy believes it
would be only fair for every presi-
dental candidate to speak up on
the birth-control issue. These
men undoubtedly will be pinned
down on this matter by reporters,
but it is unlikely that any of them
will have as much at stake on
their replies as the Massachusetts
Democrat has.
At this point, Senator Kenne-
dy's chances appear to have been
hurt, not by his unequivocal stand
on a delicate issue, but from the
fact that a religious controversy
has arisen. A political convention
is not believed likely to turn to a
man who is in the middle of it,
even though it may be through no
fault of his own.
Evening star., 1959-11-29

thus placed beyond the World
Courts jurisdiction.
Underlining his hope that
step-by-step approach toward eff
fective arms control could bring
progress, the President wrote of
tackling manageable segments
Of the whole arms problem" He
mentioned specifically his opti-
miSm that the current Geneva
negotiations on discontinuance of
nuclear weapons tests will produce
agreement"
A donations special commits
sion, arranged for by the foreign
ministers of the Soviet Union,
Britain, the United States and
France last summer at Geneva,
will meet early next year to take
up all the pending disarmament
proposals from both East and
West. The General Assembly of
the United Nations has formally
voted to turn over all debate and
procedure on disarmament to
that group.
Evening star., 1959-11-29
Interference Issue

Catholic groups began
raising the issue Of church inter-
ference in matters of state. Many
Catholics looked at it in the
opposite way-that for the state
to promote birth control, a moral
issue, was for the state to interfere
in the realm of the church.
With the dispute, now being
aired in editorial pages and
letters to = the editor in news
papers across the country, build
ing up, the Right Rev. James A.
Pike, Protestant Episcopal Bishop
of San Francisco, directed it to-
ward the 1860 presidential cam
paign.
He said the policy advocated by
the Catholic Bishops would "con-
denim rapidly increasing millions
of people in less fortunate parts
of the world to starvation, bond
age, misery and despair" and then
asked whether the Bishops state
ment was binding on Roman
Catholic candidates for public
Office"
AS the leading Catholic presi-
dental aspirant-Gov. Edmund
(Pat) Brown Of California is also
said to have his eyes on the White
House - Senator Kennedy was
much sought after by reporters.
The New York Times got him
first.
There was no ducking Of the
question by the Senator. In a
straightforward reply he made
these comments in connection
with the Bishops statement:
/, Long before the Bishops
spoke out, he had felt it would
be a mistake for the United
States Government to attempt to
advocate the limitation of the
population Of under-developed
countries"
2. The decision on handling
population explosions" is for the
countries concerned to make
themselves. Interference by the
United States would be the great
est psychological mistake" It
would be the white man telling
the black. brown and yellow
peoples Of the world, who feel the
problem most scutely, that they
should limit their population.
3. Nevertheless, if he were pres
1dent and the question came be-
fore him, he would decide in ac-
cordance with his oath to do
whatever he felt was in the best
interest of the United States.
Actually, the United States has
never spent any foreign aid funds
on birth control projects and has
no present plans to do so. The
question may come increasingly
to the fore, however, as the debate
over what to do about the popula-
ton problem continues.
The worlds population was
placed at 2,790 900, 900 in 1857 and,
at the present rate of increase,
would double in Al years.
Evening star., 1959-11-29
BY WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS, N. VT
was just year ago this last week
that Soviet Premier Khrushchev
flung down his Thanksgiving chal-
lenge to West Berlin. Since that
day, dramatic changes have come
over the international scene.
The East-West detente which
Mr.. Khrushchev sought has, in a
superficial sense, been achieved.
The top-level negotiation he had
demanded began at Camp David
and will continue at Geneva next
spring.
These developments and their
implications have profoundly split
the West. London believes that
in the long run they will serve the
Vests interest. So far, at least,
Washington has gone along. But
Bonn and Paris have not; and
Frances de Gaulle has said and
done things which, if taken at
face value, would mean the end
of NATO.
1t is useful from time to time
to step back and take a long look
at developments such as these.
The true meaning of what has
happened in the last year, U. N.
people say, could be summarized
in two questions:
Has the balance of military
power, shifted permanently in
RuSsia's favor as a result of her
space triumphs? If so, must the
West accept as permanent the
present geographical division of
the world, writing off the satel-
lite empire as forever a Soviet
province?
With certain qualifications, Brit
ain and the United States would
answer both questions "yes"
Bonn and Paris strongly dissent.
Focus on Berlin
The issue comes to focus over
Berlin, as Mr.. Khrushchev planned
that it should. From preliminary
negotiations it is clear that the
West can buy back its security
in West Berlin only at the price
Of de facto recognition of East
Germany; and recognition Of East
Evening star., 1959-11-29

dissident Democrats or independ-
ent voters.
The question has been raised
as to whether the Taft memoran-
dunn has any application to the
present fight brewing between
Vice President Nixon and Gov.
Nelson A. Rockefeller of New York
for the 1860 nomination. No one
appears to have a clear answer.
Some observers, however, see
Mr.. Nixon, like Mr.. Taft, a 'front.'
runner, being challenged by a man
(Mr. Rockefeller) with the back
ing Of large financial interests in
the East and probably by many
influential publications. They
see Mr.. Rockefeller's supporters
using the Nixon can't win" tactic,
although the Governor himself has
disavowed it.
Evening star., 1959-11-29
Soviets Have Won a Lot in Year
Since the Challenge on Berlin

Germany would be acceptance of
permanent German partition.
The issue comes to focus over
disarmament as we'll One of the
few arms-control measures which
diplomats consider practical and
feasible would be thinning out of
troop dispositions in Central Eu-
rope, with inspection. Both East
and West have proposed such a
step.
But from what dividing line
would the troops pull back? How
ever much the issue may be
Judged, they would in fact be
withdrawing from the present
Iron Curtain-thus giving the
curtain a kind of recognition and
acceptance.
All this could conceivably work
to the Vests advantage: the
British strongly argue, in private,
that it would. They say that &C
ceptance of the Iron Curtain and
troop reductions in Europe could,
by producing a relaxed atmos-
phere, undermine the basis of So
Wet tyranny and thus lead to a
loosening of the Kremlin's iron
grip. There would, it is argued, be
an "erosion from despotism."
What has happened in Poland
in recent months, however, and
what has just happened in the
past two weeks in Hungary. casts
serious doubt on this thesis. In
both of these satellites there has
been an upsurge of Stalinism COIN
cident with the relaxation of East
West tension.
Some Inner Strings
1t could be, of course, that the
East-West detente produced IN
Poland and Hungary exactly the
inner STRINGS which the British
had predicted, and that the Soviet
breakdown was a reaction to them.
But a Western policy cannot be
based on permanent concessions
to win temporary advantage Fro
sion from deSpotism must be a
consistent and lasting process if
it is to be worth purchasing at
the bargaining table.
There was at the United Ma
tions this past week a clear and
direct warning to this Effect from
Evening star., 1959-11-29
Space Race:
New Setback

When a gambler falls behind
and his opponent continues to
rake in one pile Of chips after
another. he sometimes shoots the
works in a supreme effort to even
things up or even to put himself
ahead.
This was the sort Of situation
in which Americas space men
appeared to be last Thursday
morning when they fired the most
powerful rocket ever built in this
country on perhaps the most
complicated mission yet attempted.
The Russians, with far superior
booster engines, earlier this year
had hit the moon with q rocket
and sent another around it to
obtain the first photographs ever
taken of the far side of the silvery
orb. Five times previously the
United States attempted a moon
probe and flve times it failed.
In the early hours on Thanks
giving Day dramatic attempt
was made to show the world that
Americas space men could do
something even the Russians had
not yet accomplished, or even
tried, as far as is known. A 90
foot, three-stage Atlas-Able rocket
roared of its launching pad at
Cape Canaveral, Fla, with the
object of putting a 372-pound
instrument package of revolution
ary design into permanent orbit
around the moon.
But a plastic cover ripped of
the payload As seconds after the
launching. This doomed the 81
million. $50, ,000-pound rocket and
it plunged into the Atlantic Ocean
thousands of miles down range a
few minutes after lift-off.
Thus, there was no holiday
present for the American people
in the form of a major space feat
some cruel critics referred to the
Atlas-Able as the "U. S. Space
Turkey" There was no propaganda
coup to send President Eisenhower
of flying on his 11-nation trip
next week.
But most distressing, perhaps,
was the knowledge that the United
States probably will not be able
to challenge for at least another
year what the Russians already
have accomplished. There are no
back-up Atlas-Able rockets avail
able.
Evening star., 1959-11-29
The Presidents itinerary.

man Of peace anxious to come to
an understanding with the Soviet
Union.
3. Powerful forces within the
administration, in the American
press, and among the "monopo-
lists" are preventing the realiza-
ton Of the drive for peaceful
coexistence.
Evening star., 1959-11-29
Indiu's Nehru:
Confidence

India's Parliament shouted over
whelming approval of Prime Min
lister Jawaharlal Nehru's leader
ship last week after two days of
stormy debate on the border dis
pute with Communist China. Mr..
Nehru had told the lawmakers
that he would gladly resign if they
had lost confidence in his policies
and leadership.
The Prime Minister opened the
foreign-policy debate on Wednes-
day after widespread criticism of
his position on the border issue.
Both Mr.. Nehru and his Defense
Minister. v. K. Krishna Menon,
have been under attack for soft
ness" in dealing with Communist
Continued on Page ca
Evening star., 1959-11-29
A Striking Force

One big reason given for the
new turn in British thinking is
the great expense involved for the
minor contribution British stra-
tegic striking forces make to West
ern defenses.
The matter of money for arms
Continued on Page Ca
Evening star., 1959-11-29
Atom Test Ban:
Progress

Yielding after months of oppo-
sition, the Soviet Union last week
agreed to consider new data on
the detection of underground
nuclear explosions. American,
British. and Soviet scientists on
Wednesday began a working
group" study, and the first session
was described by DR.. James B.
Fisk, head of the United States
team, as "a good meeting"
The Geneva conference on an
international ban on nuclear
Evening star., 1959-11-29

strue the French tests as a VIOLA
tion of the moratorium on testing
in effect while the discussions pro-
ceed. In such case, the Russians
could very easily contend that the
French explosions we're ample JUS
tif1cation for a resumption of So
Wet testing.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1959-05-09
Liberia Arrests
Gem SmuggIers

WASHINGTON. DC. - The
Government of Liberia announc-
ed recently the arrest of two
representatives Of a diamond
company for smuggling $500, 900
worth of diamonds from Liberia.
The two arrested are repre-
sentatives of the Diamimpcx Di-
amond Company, one of four
companies granted special dia-
mond purchasing rights by the
Government.
One Of the two men is Jo-
seph Westreieh, manager OF
the Company. The other is Al.
bert Trarrb. Both are Bel.
sisns, and are being detained
At South Beach Prison in Mon.
rovis pending $4,000 bail.
Liberian police said the SNUG
Cling took place last year and
was surreptitiously done to de-
fraud the Libcrian Government
of $4,000 in tax revenues.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1959-05-09
Four Housing Experts
Named For Workshop

elimination in Housing.
Also Herbert Tate, New Jcr
Scy NAACP state conference
housing chairman. Jack f. Wood
the Associations special assist
ant for housing, will also take
part.
These speakers will deal
with urban renewal, public
housing and other federal pro-
grams, private neishborhood
indignation. legislation and le-
gal redress.
The conference is being held
for the benefit of NAACP
branches in the metropolitan
area and NAACP state con
ference personnel in Region H.
This region includes Connecti'
cut, Delaware, Massachusetts
New Hampshire, New Jersey
New York. Pennsylvania and
Rhode Island. The conference
and workshop have been SEIZED
uled in response 10 widespread
interest and concern for promo.
ton of intcgrated housing.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1959-05-09
Offer Scholarships
To Tan Actors

NEW YORK - Sidney Potter,
the star of "A Raisin in the
Sum-" and Lloyd Richards, its d.
rector, have joined forces with
Paul Mann, the acting coach who
taught them both, to administer
a scholarship program for Negro
actor-students.
They want TO make sure their
play, and the boost il gave TO the
idea of more fully integrated
thcatcr, is not just a one-shoe
success
They announced Monday appli-
cations are being accepted for
four $1,000 scholarships to the
Paul Mann Actors Workshop
here.
Part of the success Of Lorraine
Hansberry's play originated in
the workshop when Mann took
Richards on similar scholarship
in 1910 and Potter on another
In 1854.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1959-05-09
America Losing
Respect DIR. King

NEW YORK CITY (CNS) =
IF a strong bill is not passed in
the present session of Congress,
America will lose her soul -
lose the respect of the world
stated Rev. Luther Martin King
who spoke forcefully at two Har-
lem rallies this week in an eff
fort to lead the people in the
right direction after the disturb
ing news of the Mack Parker
lynching had gotten the people
up in arms.
Rev. King has always been a
peaceablc man - and he preach
es that the only way to lick the
prejudice problem is TO face II
squarcly - and without bitter
ness and hate. I'VE leave hate
to the scgrcgationists" he said
I'VE must fight hate with love
and understanding
Just as the Iynching reports
died down in Mississippi, news
Of four white men raping a Flor
ida college coed broke in what
might well formulate TO be a
wave Of mob rule in the South
Rev. King feels that this is the
time Negro leadership must be
strongest - and that followers
must unite more strongly to
gether to combat the probleml
which are arising each day.