davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1959-12-13

As assessment of the major
problems of United States for
eion policy over the merit decade
tOdS published last tUeek by the
Rockefeller Brothers Fund of
Which LGurdnce S. Rockefeller
is chairman. The panel Which
prepared the report DdS non-
partisan and unofficial but in
cluded many experts in UariouS
fields OF endeduor The groups
assessment OF one OF our key
problemS-reldtionShip lUith Red
Chind-tollotDS:
The integrity and progress of
China were major objective of
American foreign policy from the
time of the establishment of the
Open Door policy in 1899. In
volvement in the Second World
War was foreshadowed for the
United StateS-quite apart from
what was happening in Europe
when Japan's path of conquest
was laid out across China. A con-
sistent war aim of the United
States was an independent China
restored in its territorial integrity.
The Illustration of this long
standing aim by China's COM
munization and resulting attitude
caused quite literally a revolution
in United States policy for Asia.
The fact that the China prob
lem" has been so difficult to debate
nationally is a measure of the
shock to United States thinking.
There is no use trying to minimize
the blow. The United States has
been left to pick up pieces repre-
Sented by Formosa and the Chi
nese Nationalists, saving what it
can for the cause of freedom and
as reminders of its once-great
hopes for the Chinese people.
Toward mainland China the
alternatives of policy are, for the
short run, lacking in creative pos
SibilitieS. The value of diplomatic
recognition and admission to the
United Nations can be variously
debated. In any case these some
what technical questions do not go
to the heart of the problem. For
at the heart is the fanatical dedi-
cation of the Communist Chinese
leaders to the Communist faith
and methods, their apparent de-
termination to be an enemy of
the United States and their ag-
gressive tendencies as shown in
Korea, Tibet, India and elsewhere.
These facts would remain whether
China was in the United Nations
or not, whether officially recog-
nized by the United States or not.
Representation Issue
What interest and en-
lightened policy do require of the
United States at the juncture is a
candid recognition of what Com
munist China is and where it is
going. For too many Americans,
the assumption has seemed to be
that China'S absence from the
United Nations could mean its alb
sence from their minds. 1t has
been supposed that its real power
was decisively affected by whether
or not it was represented in
Washington or in the debates in
the United Nations. The need for
complete knowledge of what is
going on in China is so paramount
that lesser interests or concerns
should give way to insure full re-
porting by Americans on the spot.
China today is being moved by
obscure and perhaps contradictory
forces. 1t is difficult to determine
at particular moment whether it
is giving priority to it's avowedly
expansionist external aims, or to
its fierce pressure for internal
Evening star., 1959-12-13
DEMOCRACY AND INDIA
BY CROSBY S. MOVES
EareiEn Correspondent Of The sta

CALCUTTA.-Although Indian
leaders generally are bewailing
the fact that President Eisen-
hover will see so little Of their
country during his visit, it is
probably Just as well that he will
not have time to see this city.
Calcutta is no place for cere-
monial occaS Sions. Amiable plati-
tudes about freedom, brotherhood
and the fruits of labor are mean
tngless here. And when statistics
are clothed in flesh and blood the
spectacle is scarcely a heartwarm-
ing one.
Yet Calcutta is a place which
must be seen to be believed.
Whatever the guidebooks may
say about "a great commercial
center with its many fine parks
and monuments" India's largest
city is really vast teeming slum
In which some As million people
live under indescribable condi-
tionS.
1t is city where one can learn
in sights and sounds and smells
what it means to have the lowest
standard Of living in the world.
Still swollen by refugees from the
time Of India'S partition IL years
ago it is here that one realizes
what is meant in this part of the
world by words like housing
shortage" or population explo-
sion."
Token for Gronted
The most upsetting thing is
how easily it is taken for granted
how quickly the visitor can &C
cept this wretchedness as a nor
NAL part of the landscape. After
a day in Calcutta one hardly no.
ticeS the restless swirling crowds,
the people sleeping in doorways.
on sidewalks and in streets, the
old women wrapped haphazardly
in burlap bags crouching on cor
nerS, the children poking in gut
tiers for scraps of food.
But perhaps it is only natural.
No one. after all, can remain in
a permanent state of pity or anger
or choking disgust. In time it
seems normal that beggarS should
huddle in ragged bands outside
Calcutta's best hotels, that when
your taxi stops for a traffic light
a half dozen hands should be
thrust through the windows or
that women carrying babies and
calling loudly for "bakSis" should
dog your footsteps tirelessly. 1t
even seems reasonable that a bill
should have been introduced re-
Gently in the Indian Parliament to
raise penalties for kidnapping and
deliberate mutilation of children
by professional seekers of charity.
On the other hand Calcutta
raises some disturbing doubts.
Evening star., 1959-12-13
By WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer


UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.-The
1859 United Nations General As
sembly marked the emergence of
Africa as a significant diplomatic
force.
In past years. analysts have
watched the 'Afro-Asian" block
grow in importance in the U. N.
until it threatened one day to
dominate the world organization.
But the African half of that
name was little more than a po-
lite geographical nod. Asia had
nine-tenths of the blocks mem
bership and 98 per cent of its
influence.
AS of today, Africa is pulling
It's weight-and the weight is
substantial.
One straw in the wind is the
fact that U. N. Secretary General
Dag Hammarskjold will set out
December 81 on a six-week tour of
Africa which will take him to 25
countries and territories on that
continent.
Soviet Premier Khrushchev also
plans to tour Africa early next
year. In a very real sense. Mr..
Hammarskjold and Mr.. Khru-
shchev will be rivals, though
neither would admit it publicly,
They will be Offering Africa two
alternate routes to independence
and economic viability: The free
way, through evolution and mu-
tual help, or the slave way, through
violence and regimentation.
Eisenhower in Africo
President Eisenhower will touch
Africa only briefly. when he goes
ashore in Tunis December II and
lanoS IN Morocco December %.
These stops will be little more than
courtesy calls. The West has not
yet given high priority to Africa.
1t is even possible, though per-
haps not likely, that the Presi-
dents reception in Tunis and
Casablanca will be cool to hostile.
On two OF the biggest political is
sues In the world, so far as Afri-
cans are commemorative Algerian
war and the atom bomb France
plans to explode in the Sahara
the United States delegation to
the U. N. slapped them in the
face. There have been grim
threats of reprisal in private here.
Observers believe the West will
go on rebufing Africa at its peril.
For the moment, Gen. de Gaulle
has had his way in American
policymaking circles. But inf1uen-
tial Americans here oppose the
line. They speak of being stuck"
with it-for the time being.
They point out that in the next
two to five years. at least 10 new
countries from Africa will gain
independence and come into the
U. N.-four of them in 1860.
Loyalty TO the U.N. charter was
among the affirmations of week.
long Conference of Independent
African States held in Accra last
April. Eight countries were rep
resented: Ethiopia. Ghana, Lii
IBERIA, Libya, Morocco. the Sudan,
Tunlsia and the United Arab
Republic. There was a remark
able spirit of unity at the meet
ing.
The Africans in the U. N.
There are now nine African
members out of 80. Combined
with the 81 Asian and Arab coun-
tries. and with the Communist
Evening star., 1959-12-13
BY NARANJAN s. UPPAL
Contributing Writer

NEW DELHI.-A behind-the-
scenes but bitter quarrel is now
raging between Indonesia and
Communist China which will
have far-reaching repercussions
throughout Southeast Asia where
Chinese form an important seq
ment Of the population.
This quarrel has been ignited
by an Indonesian Presidential
decree which prohibits foreign
traders from running retail and
other distributory businesses in
rural areas after December 81.
The ban is aimed at nearly 100000
Chinese tradesmen and their
families throughout Indonesia.
It's chief purpose is to end the
Chinese Shopkeepers' economic
hegemony. though security rea-
sons have also played an i'm
portant part in the decision.
Communist China, keen on
maintaining its prestige, especially
among the 13 million overseas
Chinese, seems bent upon cham
pioning the cause of these shop
keepers. For Indonesia, the ban
is logical development of its
resolution to keep the economic
reins tightly in the hands of its
nationals.
For many centuries, the immi-
grant Chinese have dominated the
rural economy in Indonesia. In
almost every village, they have
been shopkeepers, money lenders
and the favored agents of the
Dutch and other large foreign
concerns. During the Dutch
regime, Government gave these
Chinese almost the powers of
local overlordS. with rights to rent
out lands. levy and collect taxes,
and establish monopolies.
Economic Hold Sheltered
The young, independent republic
OF 1nooneSla, ted on nationaliSm,
could not allow these things to
continue. Now this economic hold
is being shattered. And the re-
tail and distributory business will.
in future, be handled by local
co-operatives.
Chinese shopkeepers have three
choices. They may continue to
stay in the villages provided they
stop trading; they may join the
new co-operatives, or they may
shift to the cities. The third
course means heavy losses in
volved in transplanting businesses
to already overcrowded urban
areas, where commercial compe-
tition is very intense.
The new ordinance does not ap-
ply to Chinese who become Indo-
nesian citizens. But here also
complications arise. The citizen
ship treaty between Communist
China and Indonesia has still to
be ratified, though it was signed
years ago. Moreover, more than
Evening star., 1959-12-13
More Weight in U.N.
or African Bloc

bloc of nine which invariably CO.
operates. the expanded Afro
Asian bloc will have more than
half of the votes in the U. N. Two
thirds majorities are needed for
important action, but a simple
majority is a highly useful tool TO
possess, and a dangerous instru-
ment in the hands of an adversary.
Add that certain Latin Amer
lean states, such as Cuba, have
been voting more frequently with
the Afro-AsianS of late, and a
formidable challenge is presented
to the traditional West. The
French, Belgians. Dutch, and
others may sneer about African
diplomats whose parents ate their
mothers-in-law, and talk smugly
about the superiority of white
culture, but this will not regain
lost majoritieS or solve the diplo-
matte problems they entail.
Happily. U. N. people say, steps
are being taken by men with vision
to anticipate the challenge of
"north-south" split in the world,
that is, a split between the white
"haves" and the non-white "have-
notS
The Hammarskjold trip is one.
Just this last week, there were two
others. Sir Oliver Franks. former
British Ambassador to the United
States, and Paul G. Hoffman, for
mer administrator of the Marshall
Plan. now head of the U. N. Spe-
cial Fund, urged the world to take
new look at what has been called
foreign aid" Stop thinking Of it
as charity" they said, and start
regarding it as an investment in
the mutual interest of interde-
pendent countries.
New Aid Projects
Mr.. Hoffman concretely pro-
posed 81 new projects for 35 coun-
tries and territories. The govern
ing council of his Special Fund
approved them and as a result
there is a powerful new magnet
to draw Africa and Asia into part
nership, instead of rivalry, with
the West. And Mr.. Hammarskjold
will have a useful brief for his
African trip, especially if he turns
out to be a kind of one-man
truth squad" in Mr.. Khru-
shchev's wake.
The U. N. battles over Algeria
and the Sahara A-bomb tests were
bitter, and left scars. Africans led
both; they overreached on Algeria,
and failed in their principal OBJ
jective, which was pressure on
Mr.. de Gaulle. They won on the
tests, over Franco-American op-
position: but no one expected
that as a result, the tests would
be called off.
All this would be forgotten,
however, if the "haves" genuinely
joined in a serious effort to give
the have notS" what they really
want: food for their children. a
roof over their heads, an educa-
tion-a chance to taste some of
their birthright as children of
God.
People like Mr.. Hoffman and
Sir Oliver Franks see the U. N,
and the world it reflects, at a
very real crossroads, from which it
can go to turmoil far worse than
the cold war, or CO operation
which submerges racial and cul-
tural hatreds.
The 1859 General Assembly
may have been the last one in
which the white 'haves" will be
able to avoid a clear and definite.
choice.
Evening star., 1959-12-13

Bright statistics CT progress heard
in New Delhi show up here in
rather different light. One may
even begin to wonder about the
future of democracy in a country
where such conditions exist. Or
about how well it represents the
answer to the challenge of COM
muniSm in Asia.
Nehru As Democrat
In New Delhi it's all quite con-
vincing. Whatever one may think
of his policies no one can seriously
question fact that Prime Minister
Nehru and most of his ministers
are sincerely devoted democrats
If anything, their idealism goes
far beyond the practical limits OBJ
served by most Western political
leaders. As an inheritance from
Gandhi, their approach to the
business of government seems to
be directed-somewhat madden
ingly at timeS-by an almost mys-
tical faith.
There is no question either that
a good deal of this faith has
rubbed off on a good many In
dianS. particularly in the more
highly educated groups. No one
can watch for Nehru'S perform
ance in Parliament or at a press
conference without feeling that
democracy in India, when it comes
Evening star., 1959-12-13
DEMOCRACY AND INDIA
Calcutta Raises Some Real Doubts

billion. Given time, q reasonable
amount of cooperation from the
Red Chinese, and about a billion
dollars a year in foreign aid, at
least half of which would have
to come from the United States,
it seems possible that India might
make the grade.
Against these prospects, how
ever, must be balanced the prob
lem of a population growing at
the rate Of 7.8 million each year,
which would grow much faster If
it were not for built-in brakes i'm
posed by disease and famine. AL
though birth control and even vol
untary sterilization are officially
backed by the government, there
is no real evidence that this solu-
ton is the answer in an illiterate
society, three-fourths of which
lives in isolated villages.
How hard India must swim Just
70 keep its head above water is
shown by a report from a team Of
Ford Foundation agricultural ex-
perts who recently completed
nationwide studies here. Their
blunt summary: India's present
rate of agricultural improvement
must be tripled to keep up with
the growing population. IF
India'S food production increases
no faster than the present rates."
the experts found, "the gap be-
tween supplies and the target will
be % million tons by 1866. q. No
conceivable program of imports or
rationing can meet a crisis of this
magnitude"
Evening star., 1959-12-13
Food Crisis Stressed

India's chances must also be
weighed against another conclu-
sion of the Ford group. At the risk
of going beyond their scientific
assignment, they warned:
The entire nation must be made
aware of the impending food crisis
and steps must be taken to meet
it. Adequate supplies of food may
indeed be essential to the survival
of democracy because freedom
from hunger is prerequisite to
the enjoyment of other freedoms.
If elementary wants, such as food
and clothing, are not satisfied.
other freedoms may be sacrificed
for the promise of food enough" I"
Here in Calcutta, at least, the
point is made clear enough for
anyone to understand. 1t is no ac-
cident that the Communist
strength in West Bengal, of which
this city is the capital, is stronger
than anywhere else in India. Ex-
actly what a shortage of % mil
lion tons of food might mean in
human suffering defles the most
morbid imagination. But there is
suffering enough here today to
convince the most optimistic OBJ
server that the time for India is
running desperately short.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-24

miracle for God and Kate
Murphy" which reopens on
Thursday in New York after
csncelling its second week here.
"Yet, it would be so nice to
get it just right" she says, land
have a bit of a run, until June
maybe. I've got a lot of things
to straighten out in New York,
personal ones, and it would be
good to be working while doing
it.
still. whether or no, you
must call me when you come to
New York, or Dublin. It's sim
full of you, face it, to be going
to Europe and not coming to
Dublin"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-24

Will Acting Spoil Kim?
By SHEILAH GRAHAM

HOLLYWOOD (NANA) -
Will acting spoil Kim NOvak?
While in New York making
Middle of the Night" with
Frederic March, Kim is spend
ing her free time as an OBJ
server at the Actors Studio,
Columbia, where Kim is under
contract, get 100000 for her
services when they lend her
ont. Does she have to act, too?
Gina LOlIobrigida still plans
to come to Hollywood this sum-
mer, and now that her 7-year
deal with Howard Hughes has
come to an end, watch the pro-
ducers deluge her with picture
offers. Bob Hope is hoping
she'll sign with him. With
Sophia Loren roamin' the West
in Heller With Gun" and
Maria Schell at home in the
wide open spaces in Gary Coop
er's film, THE Hanging Tree. "
how about Brigitte BardOt in
Calamity jane?
X X X
A large part of Cecil B. De
Miles estate consists of yellow
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-24
Films of More Than Routine Merit

Films of More Than Routine Merit
THE ENEMY BELOW"-Curt Jergens Robert Mitchum
in a suspenseful duel between a DE and Nazi sub.
"HOUSEBOAT'-Cary Grant, with assist by Sophia
Loren explores some comedy aspects of family life.
THE LAST HURRAH"-Spencer Tracy bids for Oscar
in John FOrds sentimental tribute to Irish politician
"ME AND THE COLONEL"-Danny Kaye is both touching
and comic as a mild refugee fleeing the Nazis
THE OLD MAN AND THE SEAS. Tracy bids again pur
suing that fish in the film Of Hemingway's novel,
THE PERFECT FURLOUGH"-Janet Leigh and Tony Cur
tbs cheerfuly unfurI sturdy old comedy cliches.
THE SEVEN-YEAR ITCH"-Summer bachelor Tom Ewell
pursues bachelor girl Marilyn Monroe for laughs.
"TAMMY AND THE ACHELOR"-Daddy- LOng-LegS revis-
ed retrieved by Debbe Reynolds refreshing sparkle
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-24

the musical version of play
boy of the Western World"
THAT McKenna girl" she
says. "All the power in the
world, she has-the greatness
you expect of an Irish actress.
And what a mind with that
education, studying mathemat-
les, as you say 'majoring' in it.
But it couldn't keep her out OF
the theater and the place she
has in it, which thank God, l
saw the first time I saw her
play a tiny role in Dublin"
AS for the musical "Playboy, ="
you'll be getting it," Miss De-
lany says, land you will be so
happy to see it. It's wonderful,
as it would be. much easier to
do than Juno which has been
so recently done here. O'Casey
achieved a miracle in writing
that originally, you know, with
| it's switch from comedy to
tragedy in the last few minutes.
It's so hard to repeat miracles,
isn't it, no matter how brave
it is to try?"
| x X y
Miss Delany is expecting no
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-24

diamonds. Collecting the price
less gems was a 30-year hobby
with the late movie chief. d.
Richard Boone is wearing his
hair in an Elvis Presley bob
(pre-Army) for his role of Lin
coin in "The Rivalry" on
Broadway.
Robert Stack, reading scripts,
is turning them all down. He
wants something solid to follow
his John Paul Jones'"
Singer Johnny Mathis take
from his two-week Australian
singing tour was $3.50, 900.
Dean Martin has done so we'll
with his Dino's Restaurant in
Hollywood that he will open
two more-in Palm Springs and
San FranciSco-and maybe an
other in Chicago.
x X
We can learn something from
Mexico. A friend of comedian
Cantinfas tells me that, a few
years ago. the actor campaigned
for low-priced entertainment
for the Mexican masses. "A law
was passed making it illegal to
charge more than the equiva-
lent of IS cents for any movie
or play. These days Mexico is
one of three countries where
you can see long lines at every
movie box office.
Mike TOdd's "SmelloviSion'
isn't new. Twenty years ago in
See HOLLYWOOD, Page ALI
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-24

Fitzgerald. ! never knew Synge,
he dying SO young, but I saw
his ghost once, a fine, clear
apparition standing in the
wings being happy, I think,
with all of US.
"Oh, how hard we worked
to become a great acting COM
pany, not stars but an en-
semble. We had the plays to
invite the most inspired acting,
Juno 'Playboy of the West
ern World, The Plough and
the Stars, the kind of plays
that make great theater."
Il 4 Il
For all its greatness, Miss
Delany can look upon the pass
ing of the Abbey's halcyon
days, as something of the rou-
tine of life. All theaters in all
countries live with the sadness
of periodically running out of
great playwrightS.
So, when Dublin's brilnance
faded, she went to London
where he has worked with all
the great performers of the
English theater.
They are such humble.
simple men," she says, "Sir
Laurence Olivier, Sir Ralph
Richardson and the others. 1t
was great fun making the
movie of The Devils Disciple
which is just now in this
country. To work with Alastair
Sim, Robert Morley, Dick b.
garde and Leslie Caron. Two
of my finest seasons recently
were those in The Holly and
the Ivy with Sir Ralph. We
wanted to bring the play to
America, but we didn't for one
reason and another"
X 4 \ X
Two things are enchanting
Miss Delany again about her
native Irish theater. One is
Siobhan McKenna, the other
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-24
MACHINE SHORTHAND stenot
NEGRETARIAL Straysr COL Of SecretariaI Training
TEMPLE SCHOOL

7235 Wise. Ave, ss'hesdo. o. 2-l3oo
curses ~ Gregg shorthand in 10 weeks ~
WPh 3 Typina individually fought tNNsM
Stereotype u Brvshvp closes. ooy or Se.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-24
WHERE
AND WHEN
Current Theater Attractions
and Time Of Showing

Stage
ARENA Month in the
Country; $3.50 pm.
NatiOnal-Dark. Bells Are
Ringing" starts March 10.
Screen
Am bassadOr "Auntie
Name; lis, 1855, 6:35 and
800 pm
Apex-"A Plea for Passion, "
100, 4:l0, 7 and $3.50 pm.
Capitol THE Journey;
l1:40 am, 2:l0, 4:45, 7;l5 and
Gas pm.
Columbia - Separate Ia
bles";; 1880 am. 1895, 1886,
$40, 7:40 and GAS pm.
Dupont - 1.-THE Horses
Mouth; /, $40, AIS, 6:10,
$40 and 1910 pm.
Keith's-"I Want to Live:
IL am, ITO, 800, 5:35, 7:45
and 10 pm.
Macarthur - "Pather Pam
chair; 7 and s:35 pm.
Metropolitan "Auntie
Name; 1880 am, l:55. AIS.
$50 and 9:25 pm.
OntariO-"A Night to Re-
member: /, sos, Sis. 1925
and $40 pm.
Palace - Rally Round the
Flag, Boys; 1915 am. 100,
3:26, 5:35, 1885 and $40 pm.
PlayhOuse-"The Black Or
chid'';; 11:05 am, 1880. 2:35,
4:20, sos, 1855 and $40 pm.
Plaza-"The Night Heaven
Fell; 1925, 2:20, Ais, 6:l0,
8:05 and 10 pm.
Trans-Lux-"Bell, Book and
Candle; 1880 am, 1880, $3.50,
5:35, TAO and $3.50 pm.
Uptown-"S Sleeping Beauty:
lis, 2:30, Ais, 6, 7:45 and
$3.50 pm.
Warner - South Seas Ad-
venture; $3.50 pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-02-24

Two things are enchanting
Miss Delany again about her
native Irish theater. One is
Siobhan McKenna, the other