davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-13
Back to the Deadlock

After three weeks of recess, the Big
Four Foreign Ministers are meeting
again in Geneva in an effort to reach
some kind of agreement on the Soviet
manufactured Berlin "crisis" and re-
lated issues of great import to the peace
of Europe and the world. Speaking for
the President and the American people
as a whole. Secretary Herter has made
clear that he has mo great expectations
for success" in the resumed negotiations
Even so, he has not ruled out the posi-
bility that enough progress may be
achieved to ease tensions and justify
heads-of- government summit confer
ence later in the year.
AS it stands at the moment, the &C.
neva deadlock still revolves around the
fact that the Soviet Union has imperi-
ously demanded that France, Britain and
the United States work out Berlin
agreement with it, on the basis of an
18-month time limit, or face the conSe-
quences of having the Kremlin sign a
separate peace treaty with the East Ger
mans. With good reason, of course, the
Western powers have rejected this as an
ill-diSguiSed ultimatum, deadline-f1X-
ing threat, under which no Self-reSpect-
ing nation would negotiate. They have
rejected it, too, on the ground that it
would oblige them (1) to acquiesce in
the liquidation of their rights in the
city, (2) abandon their responsibility to
maintain the liberties Of the more than
. 11HillinY1 YNaONlo uyI1n live fhoro ray
accept terms designed to bring about the
ultimate communication of all Germany.
Considered against this background,
it is interesting, though not necessarily
significant, that there have been some
ambiguous words from MoScow-since
the start of the recess in Geneva-Sug-
costing that the Kremlin'S position has
been grossly misunderstood. Thus, while
continuing to voice threats of various
sorts, Premier KhruShchev has init
mated that his 18-month time limit is
a flexible thing Of no consequence, and
he has disavowed any idea of issuing an
ultimatum. Similarly, Foreign Minister
Gromyko has asserted that it is "incor-
rect" to say that "the fixing of term"
or deadl1ne, means that IN the eXpira-
ton of this term all rightSof the United
States, Britain and France will auto
matically disappear while the Soviet
Union Immediately takes one-sided
measures with regard to West Berlin"
If this means that the Kremlin is
now prepared to eliminate from its pro-
posalS even the suggestion Of an ulti-
matum-like time limit, then the recon-
vened foreign ministers may be able to
arrive at an interim agreement repre-
Senting that modest, minimum degree
OF progress that President Eisenhower
has called for-just enough to persuade
him that summit conference might
be useful Mr.. Khruschev, in any event,
would be well advised not to under
estimate our American and Western re-
solve regarding free Berlin and free Ger
many. Otherwise, he may miscalculate
in way that could be catastrophe.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-13
Honor Between Friends

History repeated itself early this
month, but with more favorable implica-
lions than ever before, as the Saarland
passed from joint French German con-
troll to full indignation within the West
German Republic. For on this occasion,
by contrast with others, the change in
status OF the teeming industrial valley
reflected a new peak of friendship and
OF accommodation between the two ma
tions now governed from Paris and
Bonn.
AS the resolution Of problem that
has plagued French German relations
for more than two centuries, the current
agreement on the Saar is a monument
to unusual understanding in the field of
International negotiations. Literally a
battlefield in World War II, when it's
vital German-owned industries were a
prime target for allied bombs, it was
placed under French military occupa-
ton from 1945 to 1947. During the next
decade, the region lived under changing
conditions in which economic union
with France was accompanied by in
creased political autonomy. 1t was the
SaarlanderS themselves, Germanic in
language and culture, who made 1t clear
in a 1855 plebiscite that their real desire
was a return to the fatherland. And it
was great credit to French statesman
ship at that time that negotiations were
undertaken to permit this. On January
|, 1857, political reunion with West Ger
many became fact, with the further
understanding that the economic union
with France would be dissolved by
January /, 1850.
xS5 When General de Gaulle, then Pre-
rnier and now President of France, met
Chancellor Adenauer last September for
their first discussion of mutual problems,
their communique emphasized that a
new chapter of French German har-
mony was essential, not only to the two
countries but to West Europe and the
entire Western alliance. The decision to
step up the schedule for the Saarland's
return to full German rule is a product
OF that vision and understanding. It
reflects credit on both Of these men of
destiny" ---.-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-13
Seeks Information

Am preparing a historical
review of the United States
Naval Training Center, Balm
bridge, Md. 1t would be
greatly appreciated If anyone
having information andior
pictures of historical interest
pertaining to the United
States Naval Training Gen.
ter, cambridge, Nd, and its
subordinate commands would
send same to the Public
Information Officer, United
States Naval Training Center.
cambridge, Md. OF particu-
lar Importance is information
about World War II activities
at cambridge; the United
States Naval Separation
Center, cambridge; United
States Marine Barracks,
cambridge; Physical Instruc-
tor School. cambridge. and
Recruit Training Command,
cambridge.
S. M. Lieberman,
1t. j.g,. ism.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-13
Strauss Case Victors

] have known every Sec
rotary of Commerce, out
side Of Herbert Hoover, since
1917, when / began my
foreign trade career in the
United States Bureau Of
Foreign and Domestic Com
merce in Washington. Never
was that department graced
by a Secretary with the ex-
perience, vision, executive
ability and patriotic fervor
possessed by Admiral Strauss.
Every Senator who voted
down his confirmation has
proven himself to be either a
coward who bowed his head to
political pressure or an igno-
ramuS about the type of per-
son who should serve our
country in that post at this
critical juncture of our
history. In any event. not
one Of those Senators should
ever be reelected, and I
hope their constituents will
remember their disservice to
the country.
Many are the reasons for
rejection Of this able off,
cial by the Senate, but the
real reason has yet to be
brought out. And the Soviet
Communist mouthpiece
Pravda has done the job.
Upon assuming Office, Ad-
miral Strauss forthwith REIN
stated some of the strategic
items previously removed
from the restricted list by
his immediate predecessor,
either because of pressure
from those who put profit
above country or because Of
his own ignorance. He re-
fused to issue licenses to
ship to the Soviet gangster
regime copper and other
items. Some of us who know
how injurious it is to help
strengthen the enemy out to
destroy us economically had
been looking forward to Ad-
miral Strauss further action
in restoring the full list re-
moved from the prohibited
list of shipments to the Red
iron countries. This is why
Pravda was jubilant when
the Senate rejected con-
flrmation. The Senators who
voted for it have thus
served the goal of the Com
munist enemy and to the
injury of America as we'll
as our friends in Russia who
hate the Soviet tyrannical
regime with hellish fire.
]. Anthony Marcus,
Institute of Foreign
Trade.
New York City.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-13
Questions and Answers
By THE HASKIN SERVICE
get ansg by mail to question Of fact h
postage sef-addred stamped envelope

contact with smoke when
the plants are being burned.
@. Was Cinerama intro
duced to the public before
or after the CinemaScope
process?-F. D.
A. Before. The first public
showing of Cinerama was in
New York City on September
80. 1852. The picture. a
special Introductory type, was
This Is Cinerama." The
first motion picture produced
in CinemaScope, THE Robe"
had its first showing at the
Roxy Theater in New York on
September Is, 1858.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-13
Against Conventions

General Washington had
been dead 80 years when
Americans began the evil
nominating convention sys-
tenn, which was unauthorized
by the Constitution. They
were ignorant about what the
founders had to say against
democracy" because their
debates had never been pub
lished. And the founders we're
all dead, except Madison.
In the great Constitutional
Convention, Hamilton had
said: Bad principles in a
government though slow are
sure in their operation and
will gradually destroy it,"
The nominating convention
system was the first bad
principle which started our
Nation down the road to ruin.
In less than 80 years, the
crazy system had burst the
dominant national party into
splinters. elected a man who
polled less than 40 per cent
OF the electorate and ushered
in the great Civil War, which
itself laid the foundation of
our national ruin.
In 1912 the convention sys-
tenn split the Republicans in
two, ruined the party tempo
rarily, enabled Wilson to
move in as a minority Presi-
dent, enter and prolong
World War I and lay the
foundations of World War II,
which may have been the be-
ginning of the end of civiliza-
ton.
This crazy system is not
republican representative
government, as provided by
the Constitution, but is a
form of illegal conversions
fake democracy, which makes
den1agoguery certain and in
escapable.
In the pivotal big States it
gives to the morons the bal
ance of power. In a repre-
sentative republican system,
the morons would exercise no
more power than their rela-
tive numbers would merit.
1t would reduce them to i'll
significance.
These conventions are far
too large to be deliberative
bodies. Hamilton said a con-
vention of 500 members
would work better divided
into five bodies of 100 each.
They are not the collective
voice Of the delegates, nor
can they be.
The so-called "delegates"-
picked by party hosses-are
not responsible to the people.
and they are totally unknown
to the masses.
Our American conventions
are openly coerciye. In their
goofy national" platforms
they attempt to dictate to the
peoples Congress four years
Of legislation, which the
platform committee" itself
an American monstrosity)
cooks UP in a few days.
Hudson De Priest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-13

@. Can a person contact
poison ivy through the air,
by simply being in an area
where the plants grow?-
M. B.
A. The poisonous substance
Of the plant is nonvolatile or
only very slightly volatile,
hence does not vaporize into
the surrounding air. There
is ordinarily no danger that
a person in an area where
the plants grow will have the
poison carried to him by the
wind, There Is, however.
danger of poisoning from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-13
DANGEROUS Giveowoy

Twice in our lifetime Ger
many has launched global
warfare, yet our administra-
ton has agreed to give West
Germany and several other
countries nuclear material.
the information necessary to
make nuclear weapons, and
training in their use-putting
forth at the same time the
illusory idea that the war
heads will be in our custody.
This measure sabotageS our
chances for getting an agree
ment to end nuclear weapons
testing and for getting a
peaceable settlement Of mid
European problems. And it
insureS the West German
military forces, commanded
by generals who were officers
in Hitler's armies. the pos
session of superbombS to be
delivered by the missiles and
1000 war planes they soon
will have.
Do we never learn from
history? So armed, West
Germany will team up with
us or with the USSR as may
best suit her purposes from
time to time.
1t is to be hoped that Con-
gress will prove its sanity by
speedily rejecting this meas
ure and that-instead Of ac-
quieScing in the enlargement
of that suicide club known as
1.-The Atomic Powers"-it will
urge that an offer be made
to stop all nuclear weapons
tests permanently in return
for reasonable inspection.
Such an offer would win us
many millions of friends
throughout the world, and a
resulting agreement would be
so mutually advantageous
that it probably would be
kept.
Alice Franklin Bryant,
Seattle, Wash.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-13
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Turninq Barren Sea Into Fertile Area

might be possible to increase
production by introducing
them into the surface zone.
II so the pay-off would b
sufficiently large TO Justify re-
search for Identification Of
these substances"
$50
Floors Of the oceans may
be the great mineral sources
Of tomorrow.
This is stressed in a report
just issued by the National
Academy OF Sciences Com
mittee on Oceanography,
headed by DR.. Harrison
Brown Of California Institute
Of Technology.
The thesis holds true es-
pecially, the report says, for
the continental shelves of the
world which cover more than
100000 square miles.
These are made up largely Of
sediments washed down from
the land rich in organic ma
terial. This has been in prog
ress for many millions OF
years.
Easiest to estimate are the
oil resources of these shelves,
already being exploited to
some extent. With present
production practices. it is
estimated. the sea shelves of
the United States alone can
be made to yield about 20
billion barrels of crude oil
and as much as $50 billion
cubic feet of natural gas.
They constitute roughly about
20 per cent of the remaining
reserves Of the Nation.
Mineral Treasure There
For the world as a whole.
according to the report. there
are close to 400 billion barrels
of oil under the continental
shelves.
But, says the National
Academy committee, oil may
be just a start.
THE floor of the deep sea-"
1t continues, "is known to be
covered in many places With
extremely large, although low
grade. deposits of copper, CO.
bait, nickel and rare earths.
Preliminary studies indicate
that it may be possible to
mine the deep sea floor prof.
itably if a few technical prob
lens can be solved.
Sea water contains a large
variety of minerals in the
form of dissolved salts. Sep
aration of these directly from
sea water is an industry Of
quite recent origin and Is
confined essentially to ex-
traction Of bromine and mag
nesium. With development Of
sufficiently cheap power. and
with the depletion Of richer
sources, production of some
minerals from the sea doubt
less will become increasingly
feasible"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-13
Feels UnobHgoted

A story by j. A. O'Leary in
The Star of July 8 said:
President Eisenhower re-
minded Congress today that
he could call it back into
special session If he is not
given enough foreign aid
money to meet this coun-
try's obligations"
I assume that the words
"this country's obligations"
are the Presidents, and not
Mr.. O'Leary's or The Stars.
If the President said this
country's obligations" in ref
erence to foreign aid, then he
is stuff1ng words into the
mouths of many millions Of
American citizens, and giving
utterance to a minority con-
viction held by him and some
of his advisers.
This country has no moral
obligation to supply foreign
aid on the huge scale 1t has
been doing since the original
Marshall Plan was initiated
more than a decade ago. This
so-called obligation" was in
stituted without consulting
the voters and taxpayers,
and in this respect it is a
form of government rule by a
self-constituted oligarchy to
protect the interests of cor
porations and their officers
and stockholders who advise
the Executive and lobby the
Congress.
So let us call a spade a
spade, and not give out high
sounding moral platitudes.
WoIkaw Chonl,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-13
Enjoying the Fairs

News accounts of crowded aiSles"
make it clear there is lively inter-
est in the Soviet exhibition in New
York City. Furthermore, the reported
reactionS-some of them written in a
suggestion book" at the fair-refect a
typically mixed and independent atti-
ttlde by the American viewers toward
this display Of Soviet accomplishment
in such varied fields as science, industry
and art.
Taken out Of the context Of COM
petition that has its sinister political
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-13

Deserts OF the sea may be
transformed into green pas
lures.
This might be done. 1t is
suggested in a report just is
sued by the National Acad-
envy Of Sciences, by placing
atomic furnaces on sea floors.
These ocean deserts. scat
tered all over the world, are
large areas almost COM
pletely devoid Of life. One
Of the largest lies just of
the coast Of Venezuela.
The seas green pastures"
where fish and other kinds
OF marine life are abundant,
are limited to areas where
vertical circulation plows up
nutrients from the deep
water to the Sunlit surface.
In such areas there is a
high rate of production of
phytoplankton, microscopic
green plants, which supports
animals all along the food
chain, at the top Of which
are fish eaten by man.
The ocean deserts are al
most devoid of phytoplank-
ton.
Study Grants Recommended
Some Of the marine des-
erts," says a National Acad-
envy report, might be trans
formed into fertile areas II
deep water with its dissolved
nutrients could be artiflcially
induced to rise to the sun
lit surface zone to support
the growth Of phytoplank-
ton. 1t has been suggested,
for example, that a nuclear
reactor placed at depth could
provide sufficient heat to
cause a large quantity of
water to be brought up by
convection"
The National Academy
committee, the report con-
tinueS. considers the idea
promising enough to recon-
mend grants for feasibility
studies and finally pilot scale
trial of devices which may be
developed. But. says the re-
port, several other steps may
be essential to transform
these ocean deserts.
Although" says the report
Just issued, dissolved nu-
TRENT substances control bio
logical production in the sea,
except in very high ATTITUDES
where light may be the prin-
ciple limiting factor. not all
of the chemical requirements
are known. Evidently some
substances which occur in
minute concentrations are eS-
sential to plant growth. They
also act directly upon animals
influencing their rates of
feeding. growth and survival.
IF these substances were
identified and isolated it
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-13

Whipped cream for a
jaybird?
This fancy diet is being
served a fine specimen
named "Bluey Ill"
Mrs. H. B. of Second street,
a public Schoolteacher. who
saved the bird from death,
writes:
II have a pet blue jay
that fell from a nest three
weeks ago.
MY pupils at the Buchan-
an School brought him in
one morning.
HE appeared dead-eyes
closed and lifeless. We i'm
mediately forced - quite
gently-a few drops of warm
milk, with an eye oropper,
into his bill.
Then we covered him
with soft wool and placed
him in a chalk box. In a lit
tie while he was much better
and later took small bits of
hamburger, hard-boiled egg
and drops of water from the
dropper.
X X
"He became a great pet
and was promoted along
with the others on the last
day of school.
II have him home now
in a squirrel cage-which he
likes very much, though he
is seldom in it.
HE likes to perch on the
top and chirp and chatter
until we pick him up. I take
him out on the porch and he
never tries to fly away. We
have grown very fond Of
"Bluey the Third" He is the
third one I have raised and
set free-if Bluey ever de-
cides to seek the wide open
spaces.
"His diet now has us
quite concerned. He eats
hamburger, chicken, canned
peaches, cracker crumbs
raisins and whipped cream.
MY husband feels he
should not have all of this
diet, Just the protein and
water, but the bird loves to
take the whipped cream
from a spoon, and if you do
not give him all he wants he
opens his mouth wide and
holle"s for more.
What should I do?
81 certainly want to do
the right thing by Bluey III
so that he will grow up
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-13
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used IL
letters carry tDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
Sdtion.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1959-11-14

internationally, the week will
be a time for concentrating
the worldwide work of the
YWCA in behalf of girls and
young women. Opening event
of the local celebration will
be World Fellowship Vesper at
Central Methodist Church on
Sunday, November 8, at Ais
p. m.
The Y-Teens of the YWCA
will close World Fellowship
Week a Tea on Sunday, No
vember Is, 1859 at 4 p. m. in
the lounge of the Branch Y. w.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1959-11-14

Sunday, November 8, 1859
was high day at the Mt. Ridge
Methodist Church. Regular
service was held at the usual
time with the pastor Rev. NJ.
A. Pickens in charge. He
preached a soul stirring SER
mon with plenty of spiritual
food in it. $44.60 was raised
for the pastor.
After the morning service
Rev. Pickens introduced the
District Lay Leader Mrs. Gary
of Jackson, Miss. He explained
the work of the Methodist
Mems Club, and organized the
club with Mr.. Douglass Kersh,
president; Mr.. L. ]. Hardy Sec
rotary; Mr.. Allen Kersh, re-
porter; committees to be ap-
pointed later.
The next service was the
impressive corner stone lay
ing. Bro. E. B. Broomfield,
w. M. was in charge of the
ceremony. Lodge No. 697, West
Jackson, Miss. and Lynch
Lodge No. 2, Bro. C. l. Mar
tin w. NJ.
Before laying the corner
stone was performed by the
craft the Masons and members
of the church raised an offer.
ing that amounted to $90.24.
Rev. Pickens and members
of the Mt. Ridge church wish
to thank the Lodges and all of
the churches represented for
their splendid cooperation.
Call on us when you need us.
A delicious plate lunch was
served to all.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1959-11-14
Pleasant Grove
Church News
Mrs. Emily Carter Terrell,
Agent
912 w. Pearl ST., FL 1921

Sunday school opened at the
regular hour with the devotion
being led by Bro. Seals. All
teachers were present with
Class No. l being taught by
Mrs. Booker, Asst, Sis. Lucin-
ola Seals; Class No. 2, Sis. Ro.
sic Seals; Class No. 3, Sis.
Christine Booker; Glass No.
4, Sis. Constance Perry; Glass
No. 5, Bro. Taylor. Supt., Bro.
Alex Seals, Jr., Secretary, Sis.
Geraldine Perry; Closing song,
I'VE Are Marching to Zion. ("
Regular preaching service is
heald at Pleasant Green M. B.
Church, the 1st Sunday in each
month.
Sick and Shut-Ins: Mrs. Dee
stree Holmes, Mrs. Chanid
Varnell, Sis. A. d. Taylor, Mrs.
Channie Garner, Mrs. Sufronia
Green. They were all sent a
card.
We were happy to have as
visitors the LIST Sunday, Bro.
Mack Jenkins, Bro. j. c. Wash
ington and Bro. L. V. Jones.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1959-11-14

Mrs. Estella Porter has re-
turned to her home, 1878 Powell
Drive, after a two weeks vaca-
ton in Detroit, Michigan,
Windsor, Canada, and Chicago.
In Detroit she was the house
guest of her brother, Mr..
H e n + y Greenfield, TAB
Churchill. While in Chicago
she visited her sister-in-law,
Mrs. Minnie Greenfield and
daughter, Estella Sims, 1907
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1959-11-14

Enterprise, enjoyed a splendid
church service at the Holly
Green M. B. Church in Yazoo
City on last Sunday. The &C.
casion was the celebration of
The pastors Anniversary. Din
ner was served to all present.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1959-11-14
LOST ALONG THE LINE
$50 MEMBERS

A Special Membership Com
mittee of the Y. w. c. A. is
busy trying to round up these
members who have not renew
ed nor joined the YWCA this
year. Please help them find
you by calling the Y. w. c. A..
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1959-11-14

REV. A. R. THOMAS SAYS
MANY THANKS to all old and
new Enterprise readers. Rev.
Thomas ask more of his
friends to join him in Jack
son and over the state in read
ing this great Negro newspa-
per, that is owned and edited
by Negroes. ALL NEWS is
FREE. Get your advertise
ment into the paper for only
a small rate.