davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-26
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Airmen to Supermen to Spocemen (V)
By THOMAS R. HENRY

AIR UNIVERSITY. Max
well Air Force Base, Ala:
Men can be trained to live
and work hard all day at
least three miles above the
earth.
This is more than q mile
beyond the altitude where
an average person in good
physical condition ordinarily
loses consciousness unless
supplied with oxygen.
The training is part of the
Air Forces program Of pro-
ducing the "superman," or
the future space man."
Some preliminary results
achieved up to now are de-
scribed in the journal of the
Air University by DR.. Bruno
Bake of the University staff
who is directing the expert
ments. DR.. Bake, former
Chief Of the German Army
Institute of Performance
Physiology in Hitler's Army
Mountain Corps, probably is
the foremost living expert in
this field. The work has been
carried out near the SUBMITS
Of Mt. Evans, Col. latitude
14,160 feet) and Mt. Moro
cocha, Peru latitude $4,000
feet). DR.. Bake can almost
be said to have made" a
new kind Of man so far as
ability to endure stress, with
only the resources Of his own
body, is concerned.
Start in Pressure Chamber
The work started in a low
pressure chamber not far
above sea level at Randolph
Air Force Base, Texas. BY
regulating the pressure men
were raised by degrees to a
simulated altitude Of $4,000
feet. At about this point the
subjects without any special
preparation, tended to "pass
out" either completely or to
a degree where they could no
longer be held responsible.
Then they were subjected
to an intensive course OF
physical conditioning. The
point of Inconsistencies was
raised to a simulated altitude
Of $1,000 feet. an increase OF
better than half a mile.
The experiments then were
transferred to Mt. Evans. The
men were kept for five weeks
at an altitude Of about 10000
feet, with a regime of strenu-
GUS exercise, and then for
10 days at $4,000 feet. At
the end of this training
period the level where con-
seriousness was lost was raised
to 10000 feet-more than a
mile above the Randolph Air
Base level.
Then the training was
shifted to Mt. Morococha. It
was first determined that
native Peruvian mountaineers
could 60 up to $1,000 feet
before passing out. They had
no special training, but had
lived at high attitudes all
their lives. DR.. Bake expert
mented on himself. Every
day for five weeks he took
hikes up to about $1,000 feet.
At the end of this period he
found that he still was con-
scious and able to go on at
$4,000 feet, another half
mile above the Mt. Evans
average. At this point, he
says, he took the precaution
Of putting on his oxygen
mask. He knew he was some
where near the point Of pass
ing out and rescue might
have been difficult.
Later it was determined
that what is termed time Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-26

in using the clever device OF
making an undoubtedly true
statement and plying
thereby that Negroes do not
agree. 1--WE (the NegroeS)
can't blame it (juvenile
delinquency on conditions
and let it go at that" The
suggestion inherent in this
statement is that Negroes do
"blame it on conditions and
let it go at that" This in
nuendo is eminently I'M
fair: no responsible Negro
leader has ever taken the
position that the colored
citizens have fewer obliga-
tions because currently and
historically the blame for
conditions might more prop
erly be placed on some of
their white fellow citizens
or their forbears.
The problem Of roaming
young anti socialS is so COM
pick sociologically and psy-
chologically that experts in
the field Of social adjust
ment have difficulty arriving
at solutions. In Washington
such experts and profess
SIGNALS are at work. They are
both white and colored. They
have the support financially
and otherwise of colored as
well as white citizens.
There are many facts that
Representative Diggs should
and could have known and
which all citizens, friends
and foes of Negro advance
ment, ought to know. The
programs of settlement
houses, most Of them with
integrated boards but di-
rected by Negroes, are all
geared to directing the en-
ergies of youth into con-
structive activity. Among
these are the Southeast
House, the Southwest House
and the Northwest House.
The Bakers Dozen Center
controlled by an all-colored
directorate renders a similar
service. Parent Teacher
Associations, well integrated,
are at work on the prob
lens.
The Twelfth street YMCA,
with an integrated commit
tee of management and a
Negro chairman, has for
years been effectively at
lacking the problem. Only
last year this YMCA Or
ganized a Citizens Commit
tee for Juvenile Decency.
Significantly it elected as
chairman of the integrated
steering committee a board
member who happened to
be the then president of the
local NAACP.
All civic associations num-
bering some 80 and COM
posed mostly of colored citi-
zens are keenly aware Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-26
Proposes Poll

The Star is to be COM
mended for its efforts toward
getting voting privileges for
District residents in national
elections, lie. for President,
Vice President and q repre-
sentative in Congress.
I believe If a poll were
taken there would be no OPP
position among District resi-
dents to having the right to
vote in national elections,
whereas q large number Of
people are opposed to home
rule and for this reason have
seemed apathetic toward
voting privileges. Cannot the
two questions be completely
divorced and some sort of
poll be taken just on the
question of q vote for Presi-
dent, Vice President and a
representative in Congress?
If this poll should reveal,
without doubt, that this is
what the people Of the Dis
trict want, then why would
Congress need anything fur
ther to prod it into seeking
a constitutional amendment?
Representative Abernethy
expressed surprise that the
citizens of Washington did
not fight for this amendment.
Perhaps, never having had a
vote we don't know how to
organize a fight, and as in
dividuals we have too often
gotten the brushoff from
members of Congress. Fur
thermore, it infuriates me to
think that anyone in this
country should have to fight
for this fundamental right.
n A Turran
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-26
Answers to Questions
BY THE HASKINS SERVICE

@. When did Babe Ruth
make his last public appear
ance?-R. M.
A. Ruth attended the ini-
tial showing in New York Of
the film, 1.-THE Babe Ruth
Story" on July 26, 1948. He
died on August Is, 1948.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-26

useful consciousness when
a man is still aware Of his
surroundings and able to
make sound judgments-was
approximately an hour for
native mountaineers and for
the American airmen sub
jected to a special condition.
ing program. Some Of the ma
tives, it was reported. re-
manned conscious for about
80 seconds in a simulated al
titude Of 10000 feet.
Normally, DR.. Blake says.
the time of useful conscious
ness at $4,000 feet is about
five minutes. After condition
ing this was extended. in the
Mt. Evans experiments to
more than q half hour. At
10000 feet consciousness usu-
ally lasts only one or two
minutes. In one individual
this was extended to q little
more than 80 minutes. and
was greatly increased in all
the traineeS.
Results are achieved both
by enforced exercise in thin
air and by Representation,
or deliberate filling the lungs
with excess amounts Of air.
In normal unconditional in
dividuals, DR.. Blake reports,
this results in a severe def
cheney of carbon dioxide in
the blood. But men can be
trained to endure this So
called "hypocaphia," more
and more.
"A group Of subjects" Or.
Bake reports, volunteered
to hyperventilate for 80 to so
minutes periods daily for
three weeks. The test results
before and after this training
confirmed the hypothesis
that there is an adaptive re-
spouse to chronic hyperven-
tilation in healthy individ-
uals. At high attitudes where
Representation becomes q
necessity for proper oxygena-
ton of the blood the toler-
ance reaches a maximum.
There an excessive hyper
ventilation is limited by
eventual breathing fatigue
rather than by the deleteri-
GUS effects of hypocaphia."
Eventually Use Oxygen
At much higher attitudes
than those tested in the ex-
periments an oxygen mask
is essential but the time dur
ing which a normal individ-
ual can wear such a mask is
quite limited. The oxygen is
inhaled under pressure and
this has been found seriously
to affect the blood circula-
ton.
Pressure breathing with
out effective counterpres-
sure" says DR.. Balkey, "is
limited by fatigue Of the
breathing muscles as well as
by hypoxia (the effect on
the circulation). So far seven
subjects have been exposed
to (simulatedJ ceiling alti-
tudes of $4,000 to $4,000 feet
after they had become parti-
ally acclimatized at an alti-
tude of $4,000 feet. Their
neuromuscular coordination
at these ceiling attitudes was
only slightly impaired.
"These subjects did not
represent a selected tiger
type but rather a cross sec
ton of normal airmen. The
average age was 80 years.
These experimental results
reaffirm the usefulness Of
conditioning and specia ]
training as a keystone for
rroo foys racorynS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-26
Denies That Negro Leaders shrug Off Street Crimes
d. A. Curran.

problem and have programs
of action.
The Junior Police and
Citizens Corps, with an in
tegrated board and directed
by a Negro police officer, has
for many years sponsored a
program for boys. The Co
lumbia Heights Boys Club,
unsegregated, has been sue
cesSful in q similar project,
the sponsoring All Souls
Church having many Ne
groes as members.
The largest, best stated
and most effective private
organization in the field OF
social adjustment and adj
vancement of Negroes, out
side of the struggle for civil
rights, is the Washington
Urban League. With an in
tegrated board, chaired by a
Negro physician; with a staff
of six full-time professionals
directed by a colored execu-
tive; with more than 200 reg
ular volunteer workers, most
ly colored, in the field, this
affiliate of the National Ur-
ban League is functioning
effectively with no thought
of where the blame for con-
ditions should lie. It has
records replete with projects
to eliminate juvenile delin-
quency directly and indirect
ly. Two years ago the Ur-
ban League organized the
East Washington Improve
ment Council to attack juve-
nile vandalism in the Shadd
School area. In cooperation
with the YMCA, public
schools and civic associations,
1t organized two workshops
around neighborhood i'm
provement problems, juvenile
behavior being one of them.
Less than FIVE months ago
the Urban League, in cooper
alton with citizens of a
Northwest neighborhood, or
ganized teams of parents
who patroled streets at night
to ascertain responsibility
for petty crimes and to re-
fer perpetrators to parents
first and then to the police.
These are but a few ex-
amples of the responsibility
assumed by Negroes as good
citizens in the Washington
community. But these few
alone, with more lengthy
Recommendation easily avail
able, should answer Repre-
sentative Digs thinly yelled
charge that Negroes blame
it on conditions and let it
go at that"
Eugene Davidson.
Editors Note: Mr.. David
son is former president Of the
Washington Branch of the
National Association for the
Advancement Of Colored Peo-
pleO
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-26
Corey's 'Audocity'

A question arises in my
mind concerning the i'm
prudent. immature and auda-
cious letter written by James
B. Carey, head of the electri-
clans union, to members Of
the Congress who voted for
a fairly adequate measure to
control labor unions and
goonS:
What has Carey against
Senator Kennedy who seeks
the Democratic nomination
for President of the United
States?
1t is apparent that Sen
ator Kennedy has been trying
to work out some control over
the goons and thugs Of the
labor unions, without making
it drastic enough to cause
them to turn against him in
national politics. 1t is also
apparent that all Americans.
even union members, hope
that a labor bill will be
passed. Senator Kennedy
heads the Senate confereeS
now trying to arrive at q
common ground between the
soft and not quite adequate
bill passed by the Senate and
the more drastic and appro-
pirate bill passed by the
House.
Carey's letter puts Senator
Kennedy right on the spot. If
he agrees that the House bill
should be adopted by the
Senate. he will have labor
leaders from Carey to Hoffa
and Beck crying for his scalp.
If he succeeds in toning down
the House bill, hundreds Of
thousand of voters will feel
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-26
Germs Dead or Alive?

Everyone in the washington Metro
'politan Area who resents the prospect
Of having treated sewage in his drinking
water should support the emergency eff
forts of the Regional Water Supply and
Pollution Abatement Committee to avert
such an outrage. We hope the committee
and an aroused community can prevail
on President Eisenhower to veto the
airport appropriation bill with its ridic-
ulouSly inadequate sewage-treatment
item or, at least, to urge Congress to
reconsider the item.
The special protest meeting tomor-
concerned with safe water supply is a
dramatic manifestation of the determi-
nation of Metropolitan Area authorities
to resist the dumping of even highly
treated sewage into the Potomac River
above the water-supply intake. Federal
Aviation Administrator QueSada stressed
this area opposition in requesting Con-
gress to grant SIS million for the piping
of airport sewage across the river to the
District treatment plant at Blue Plains.
The following colloquy took place be-
tween Mr.. QueSada and Senator Robert
son of Virginia at the Senate Appropria-
tions Committee hearing:
Senator Robertson: You found when
you planned to run sewage into the Poto-
mac River above the city water supply for
the District of Columbia-whether you
treated it or whether you didn't, whether
the germs came down dead or alive-you
found that the drinkers in the District
Of Columbia totaling nearly q million
people did not want it done?
Mr.. Quesada: That is correct.
Senator Robertson: They said. This
airport is going to hurt our water supply"
That is correct. is it not?
Mr.. Quesada: That is correct.
Senator Robertson: To give them re-
lief you asked the House for this $2.5 mil
lion sewage line and the House turned 1t
down, and you are now asking us to restore
that amount so that you will not have
to run the sewage into the water supply
Of the Districts that not correct?
Mr.. Quesada: That is correct.
Senator Robertson: On that item
am going to support you.
Mr.. Quesada: Thank you very much.
The Senate, on recommendation Of
the committee, voted to restore the SIS
million fund, but it eventually was killed
In conference, leaving only enough
money to deliver treated sewage into
the river above the water intake. This
assures us not only Of Sewage-flavored
drinking water, but of Give germs"
Senator Robertson bluntly put tin
event of breakdown of the treatment
facilities. If it has any sense of respon-
Sibility, the Federal Government, tradi-
tional guardian of our land its) water
supply, will not permit this threat to
materialiZe.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-26

Painted recently was an
almost perfect picture SYM
bolic Of civic responsibility OF
Negro members of the Wash
ington community. A colored
Congressman witnessed a
group of young colored hood
lums beat and rob a colored
citizen and at the risk of
physical harm to himself
sought apprehension of the
culpritS.
1t is unfortunate and seri-
GUS, however, that with one
stroke of his emotional brush
the Congressman defaced the
beautiful picture with tawdry
colors, thus Transforming it
into a portrait unfaithful to
the subject and hideous with
its undertones and ensuing
impressions.
With Is words, Represent
alive Diggs nullifled his
heroism and inadvertently
gave aid and comfort to the
enemies of home rule and Of
Negro advancement in gen.
eral. Unsound, based on lack
of information and dangerous
in its implications is his po-
sition that" a.. we need more
responsibility on the part Of
the Negro community, too.
We just can't blame it on con-
ditions and let it go at that"
The use of the words
NEGRO community" was ill
advised, since it highlights
separation because of race.
Citizens of Washington have
labored through the years and
are still laboring so hard to
eliminate such separation
even in thinking. There is
no NEGRO community" in the
Nations Capital, but only a
Washington community COM
posed of all races, all reli-
gions and persons of all an
cestries, working together
for a better city.
With this utterly false
premise that there is a Ne
gro community, Representa-
tive Diggs logically and easily
makes his second error in
suggesting that his Negro
community" has a different
and separate responsibility
for the solution of the COM
pick problem of juvenile
delinquency. His use Of the
word more" clearly implies
either that the Negro mem
bers of the community have
a greater responsibility than
white members or that the
Negro members lag in as
Stunning the common re-
sponsibilities of both white
and colored citizens. The
first of these alternatives has
no support from sociologists.
The second is simply untrue.
The Congressman from
Detroit makes his final error
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-26
LETTERS TO THE STAR

he is not a good prospect for
President.
Did Carey do this inten-
tionally, without that intelli-
gence q man in his position
should have; or was the OPP
portunity to permit an OBJ
viously immature man to be
insolent to a large number Of
members of Congress too
alluring for his desire for
headlines?
Charles Coulter.
Many will recall that it
was James B. Carey, CLIO
big-wig, who spanked the
drive by union officials to
defeat Senator Robert Taft
when he last ran for re-elec-
ton. Taft had been marked
for political revenge because
of his authorship of the Taft
Hartley law.
When asked what he
thought was the reason for
Taft's outstanding victory
the aStonished Carey said he
was unable to put his finger
on IT,"
Today Carey seems to be
in the same quandary he was
in after Senator Taft's re-
election. He is so frustrated
over the passage Of the Lam
drum Griffin bill in the
House that he has threatened
to take political revenge on
the Congressman who voted
for the bill.
What Carey appears I'M
able to put his finger on is
that demands Of union off,
Gals are of little moment
when in conflict with consen-
sus Of public opinion.
Norman s. Cooke.
TTaro nno0h Flo
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-26

quences. Mr.. Truman should stop worry
ing about presidential prestige-and also
should stop tossing monkey wrenches
into the works.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-07-08
MAS MALI sugar CREEK, MISSOURI
kEkA Sc u MEGA VEL|KI UGLEDAJU
M. krasich, glavni blagajnik

Sugar Creek, Missouri e jedno malo naseje nedaleko
Kansas City, Missouri Mas narod koj je nastanio po
digao svoje domove tom mestancu, glavnome pre-
selio il Kansas City, Kansas
Pred nekih 40 godna ia jedno krace vrjeme
radvao kruh tom mestancu to vrijeme to je blo vi
Sc kao jedno malo seo, kao starome kraju Sva-
kako da je to mjestance proslih 40 godna prosro,
modenzralo moguce je to sada jedan Cradle Nie mi po
znato, jer nisam bio u istome vec 40 godina.
Godine 1886 brat John P Ribch organizrao je novi
odsek, svakako pomocu BRACE koja tada zvjela
tom mestancu Odsjek ne broju clansva znatno napre
dovao ali bit ce da velk bro naseg naroda istom
mestu Ali posluje redovo plaza svo rasporez udo-
voljava svima propisima nase zajednice.
PRIMO list ovh dana cd tajnika odsjeka, brata
Tomo Bazina, - icno mi je nepoznat -- MENU sale
eek znosu Cd $3007 fond skolarine To je izne
nado mogu rec ugodno iznenadio jer RADIO cujem me
sta gdje sam sproveo neko vrijeme mojim najmadjm
danma. Idem da istrazim kako stoji canstvo tom od
sjeku pronadjem da in ina svemu IA clanova.
Cd ovih IA njh II darovali cel svoj dividend
fond skoarine Prema tome poprijecno svak e darovao
S273 Ako b to pomnozi nekih $4,000 clanova, dobl
b svotu preko $780, 600 skolarne Procentano
oval mali odsek je wise darovao svakom canu nego e
dan odsek zajednic Ako b slucajno nasao koj 3D.
sick, ko drz da nadmasio procenat ia to nisam
primjeto, ia Gu RADIO donjet spravak
Tajnik odsjeka doslovno kaze u svom pismu "Ovo su
braca clanovi odseka broj S21 pokloni darova svoe
dvidende oltar skoarne svou mladu bracu sesre
nase clanove Hrvatske Bratske zajednce".
Ina svakojakih, takav je oval svijet. Imamo mi
OdSeKa Od canOVd, pa III 4OO cenI
da nisu mogli nego jednostavno zanemarii.
JOS ne kasno nkada nje kasno radti dobru stvar,
pax nadati da jos sjetti sadanje kampanje
uspostavu jednog akog sigumog fonda kojeg b stall
svake godine mogo pomagat made clanove stu
dente visim skolama.
Mi donasamo imena darovateja nasem glasiu. Cni-
mo to redovto da udovolji darovatejma. lima mnogo
darovatelja mnogo mena ali svote pricno maene ALL
kao sto prize rekao, bolje je dati malu svotu
odusevjenem nego vecu ako Sc nekoga sill. Nikog
treha ALL iud kOii
nastoje da podgnu vs stepen svoe made ce cd
poduprati plemenu ustanovu.
Svaka cast darovateima, prilkom osobita cast
clanovima malog odseka bro 82 Sugar Creek, Missouri
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-07-08
ISTINA 0 JUG0S'.AVIJI

o nasoj staroJ domovlnl
Jugoslaviji cesto Sc cuje u a.
merickoj javnosti. Vazno je
da Sc svijet u America upo-
znava s nasom starom zem-
ljom i S Jugoslavijom, tako
j nasi m | a d il ljudi, rodjeni
Amerikanci, da znadu otkud
su porijeklom kad dodju u
razgovor Amerikancima o
Jugoslaviji.
Mas vrijedni suradnik, p.
d. Ostovic, koji dobro pozna
povijest nasega naroda, ma
pisao je zanimljivu vrlo po-
ucnu knjigu engleski "The
Truth About Yugoslavia" H.
stina o Jugoslaviji. Knjiga je
pisana lakim engleskim je-
zikom i prozeta dokumenti-
ma historickim cinjenicama,
liiepo tvrdo vezana, pisana je
iskreno posteno bez ikako-
We izvratanja istine i zlobe,
sto nasi najbolji ljudi potvr-
djuju.
Svaki bi mas covjek trebao
da u svom domu imade owl
knjigu radi sebe, svoje djece
i samih Amerikanaca da i'm
moze reci istinu o Jugosiaviji
i svojoj staroj domovini.
Ovu vaznu knjigu mozete
dobiti uz snizenu cijenu "a
samo So. Novac mozete po-
slati jednostavno u kuferti
8 narucbom ma urednika Ia.
jednicara Philip Vukelich,
3441 Forbes st., Pittsburgh
Is, Pa
Narutite Hm prize!
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-07-08
CR0A1IAN CENTER

P1ttSburgh, IA. - Ljetne
aktivnosti u Croatian Center.
u ovom Hrvatskom Sredistu
odrzavaju Sc piknici svake ne
djelje. Croatian Center je po-
stao popularan i zaista je j.
dealno mjesto "a piknike ma
sih drustava i odsjeka.
Nedjelju, IL. julia K.S.K.J.
Day, dan owe bratske sloven-
slke organizacije, koji dan "a
slu5uje posjetiti nasu bra6u
SI0vence.
Nedjelju, 10. julia jest dan
naseg velikog bratskog od-
sjeka broj 10. Tai dan tre-
ba da s1 posjetimo odsjek
broj 10.
Nedjelju, rs. julia jest Dan
Hrvatske Bratske Zajednice.
Proslava este godisnj jice ma
Se Zajednice.
Owe piknike srda6no pre-
porucamo naf0du. - Ured-
niStvO.