davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18
Fuct-Findinq
Tuft-Hurtley

II all efforts at negotlaIlon anu
Cancellation break doWn-so that,
in the words of the Taft-Hartley
law, 1.-THE national health and
safety is imperiled"-the Presi-
dent may appoint fact-finding
board, as he has done in the
current dock workers and steel
strikes.
The President usually turns to
the ranks of experienced private
labor arbitrators. former Govern
ment officials, judges, or uhiver-
sity professors for his feet
finders" Under the statue, they
serve for $50 day plus expenses
while they are actually working.
Their inquiry, usually made un-
der the greatest pressure and on
a round-the clock basis until the
report to the President is COM
plete, must disclose substantial
facts showing grave danger to the
Nation as a whole before a Federal
court can issue an order to both
management and labor to resume
working for an 80-day cooling
off" period.
The fact-finders also are re-
quired by law to isolate the real
issues between the parties, and,
while this constitutes the most
laborious part of the job, it also
can be the most rewarding be-
cause new possibilities for ulti-
mate settlement Of the dispute
usually come to the surface. But
the law does not permit the fact
finders to make any outright
recommendations.
During the 80-day period, man
agement must make a final
offer" and a vote must be con-
Quoted in the union to accept or
reject it. Since the Taft-Hartley
enactment IL years ago, this phase
went into operation Is times. In
every instance the workers over
whelmingly rejected the final
offer.
But also in every instance the
warning groups finally came TO-
gether in agreement, usually about
the time the fact finders put to-
gether their final report to the
President toward the end OF the
cooling of" period.
What if they do not reach such
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18
A SURVEY OF ACCOMPLISHMENT
BY GEORGE w. CAKES
Contributing Writer

Appraisal Of the accomplish
ments under the National De-
tense Education Act, In its first
year OF operation, finds educators
and officials agreed that consider
able progress has been made.
In brief the act, signed in Sep
TENDER, 1858, has resulted in:
More emphasis on language
study.
Improvement of science and
mathematics instruction.
Stimulation of the abilities OF
talented school children.
Easing the financial burden Of
college students.
Increasing the numbers of quail
fled college teachers.
Better teaching of foreign
languages probably is the biggest
single step forward under the
act" according to Office Of Educa-
ton officials. Various programs
now in operation will help con-
siderably to correct the decline
in foreign language instruction
which, oddly enough, has occurred
during the last 40 years, just at
the time this country rose to a
position of world leadership.
Language Instruction
School and college foreign Ian
guage teachers are learning new
methods of instruction, in such
ways as these:
/. Last summer 925 elementary
and secondary school teachers OF
French, German, Spanish and
Russian attended II special six
or eight week institutes on the
campuses of universities in Mich
igan, Texas and Colorado. They
concentrated on the latest audio-
lingual methods of teaching mod
ern languages which involve first
hearing the language through
audio aids, then speaking it and
finally writing it. Foreign lam
guage teachers have been partic-
ularly lacking in modern methods
of instruction.
Most teachers took French and
Spanish. The demand for admis-
sion to the institutes was so great
that 5000 teachers who applied
could not be accepted. AS a re-
suit, next summer IS courses will
be held for 1900 school teachers
in the same languages, plus Ital-
ian. In addition, full academic
year institutes are now being held
in four universities for 95 school
teachers of French, Spanish and
Russian to offer them a more con-
centrated course of study.
2. Audio-visual laboratory
equipment is being installed in
public elementary and secondary
schools. Federal funds are made
available on a matching basis to
the States who-with the local
school NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. how
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18
Negotiation

This is considered the ideal way
for disputes to be settled, since it
involves labor and management
representatives-without any third
parties-coming to terms across
the conference table. Nagotia-
ton usually occurs when con-
tract expires. The terms of most
contracts provide a prearranged
schedule for labor and manage
ment to submit proposals when re-
newal time comes around. Repre-
sentatives of labor and manage
ment in the railroad industry, for
example, are now reaching the
negotiating stage for a new con-
tract.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18

ing. Only four States had super
visors of foreign language instruc-
ton before the act got under
way. Now q States have 80 SUI
pervisors.
4. Several research projects are
being financed by the Federal
Government to develop new
methods of teaching foreign Ian
guages. For example, the Univer-
sity of California is experiment.
ing with new visual aids on basic
grammatical problems of Span
ish.
S. The act is encouraging the
study of unusual languages not
commonly offered but required by
persons in government, industry
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18

deal with the strikes in the steel
and longshoremen's industries.
Americas peacemaking machin-
cry, like Topsy, has "just growed"
sometimes through legislation
but even more often through Gus
tom and precedent. Because of this
almost haphazard pattern of de-
velopment, much of the machinery
for settling labor management
disputes remains a mystery to mil
lions of citizens.
1t is not really so complicated,
however. When labor relations
run fever" there are these chief
areas to watch:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18

ate students planning to enter
college teaching.
Badly needed new science and
mathematics equipment is being
installed throughout the public
school system. Probably more
than $50 to $50 millions of Fed
eral grants will be spent before
next June by probably every State
and Territory. These new facili-
ties should raise the level of SCI
ence and mathematics teaching
considerably. and supply most of
the required modern equipment
during the next three years of the
act.
This money Is provided on a
matching basis for the purchase
of new (and remodeling of ODD
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18
Our First Year Under the New Education Act

science and mathematics equip
ment, including laboratories and
Institutional materials.
A general science laboratory for
% junior high school students
costs between $4,000 and $4,000
for furniture and equipment,
Eighteen thousand dollars to
$4,000 is needed for a new high
school chemistry laboratory.
AS an indication of the scope Of
the program in Washington, Dis
trict school officials believe that
their science and mathematics
equipment requirements will be
covered adequately during the four
years of the education act.
Only eight States had IL super
visors in science before the act
took effect. Now "a States have
81 science supervisors. An even
larger percentage increase took
place among State staff members
whose duties are to consult with
local school authorities in mathe-
mates instruction. The States
also have set up courses to train
teachers in the use of new science
and mathematics equipment.
In addition, teaching of the SCI
ences in the private schools has
been substantially aided by Fed
eral loans for the purchase of SCI
ence and mathematics equipment.
One of educations problems has
been to prevent the waste of tai
ent by finding outstanding STU
dents in the Nations $4,000 public
schools. Through proper guidance
these able students can be per-
suaded to exert their best efforts
in school by taking challenging
courses and then they can be en-
couraged to seek college educa-
ton.
A major reason why approx
mately 100000 top-flight high
school students do not continue
their education is that probably
less than half receive adequate
guidance and counseling. DR..
James B. Commits recent report
on the American high school
stressed the Importance of cor
recting this situation.
For High School Aides
Last summer, under the edu-
cation act, SO short-term insti-
tutes were conducted by various
universities for 1900 high school
counselorS. This experience in i'm
proving the qualifications of these
counselors for their specialized
duties was so successful that next
year 10 summer institutes will be
held.
The $60.5 million of college
student loan funds in the new act
and already allotted by the Fed
eral Government, is likely to have
an explosive effect by converting
students to pay for their educa-
ton on credit. Although the de-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18
Encouraging the Stotes
Tibet Case in U. N.
Stirs Deep Issues

The difficulty is that many
doubt it. Some even think the
whole exercise will backf1re.
Neutralist Asia does not want
to be put on a spot where it must
choose between offending Red
China and CLOSING over the
Tibetan tragedy.
India, Indonesia, Burma and
others are not yet ready to aban-
don their policy of patience with
the great neighbor to the north;
some are frankly afraid to do so,
with Chinese troops on Indian
soil. Yet if they stand aloof from
U. N. verdict on Tibet they may
have hard time explaining that
aloofness to their people. The
verdict which is being proposed
is so mild that a failure to vote
yes" would be, in effect, a refusal
to say even "tsk, tsk."
In this dilemma, the Southeast
Asian governments are inclined
to blame the West, and particu-
larly the United States, for forcing
them to take a stand, at least
as much as they are blaming Red
China for the initial act. The
effect of forcing an ultimate show
down might be to set up antago-
nisms, not between them and Red
China, but between them and the
United States.
"Just Propaganda?
AS an effort. to awaken the
peoples of Asia, as distinct from
their governments, a Tibet debate
might also backf1re. These peo-
pies are already acutely aware of
the thrashings of the Chinese
Communist dragon. Waving the
bloody flag may seem to some OF
them "just propaganda" "a cold
war exercise"
They already resent being prop
agandized, and fear that the
spirit of Camp David"-in which
they have placed so much hope
will be spoiled. Especially if the
latter fears materialize. it will be
the West which will be blamed
rather than Red China.
Will a Tibet debate serve to
drive a wedge between Moscow
and Peiping? Here the prospects
seem brightest from the Vests
point of view; but Moscow, fully
aware of the Vests intention, is
likely to give top priority to de-
Tending Peiping, letting the chips
of co-existence fall where they
may.
Thus the net effect may simply
be to rub some of the gloss off
the Khrushchev peace offensive
"a result considered highly de-
sirable in some Western capitals,
but which may cost the West
dearly among those who want to
nurse and encourage the new
born dove.
Thus many, even among those
who are pressing for a Tibet de-
bate, have mental reservations as
to its desirability. Others are
much more strongly opposed. Yet
the job has to be done; world
opinion would not understand if
the U. N. swept Tibet under a rug.
In resolving to take up Tibet,
therefore, the U. N. this past week
was playing the role of the small
boy who holds his nose and grim
aces as he swallows his castor
oil. Principle won out over ex-
pediency-for the time being. at
least
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18
LABOR PEACE MACHINERY
A Handbook on Strike Terms

agreement in the dock and steel
strikes? That is the biggest ques-
ton right now in labor manage
ment relations, because after so
days the Government must with
draw its injunctions against strik-
ing. The workers may go out again,
and all existing procedures that
the Government can bring into
play will have been used up.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18
The Hoped-for Results

But these are not the real issues
on which the Tibetan question is
fought out behind the scenes.
What U. N. delegates who are
sponsoring the Tibet debate hope
it will do is this:
Q Drive a wedge between the
governments of neutralist South
east Asian countries and Red
China.
o Further intensity public out
rage over the Tibetan crime,
particularly in Asia where an at
titude of awakened skepticism,
merging into hostility, is replac-
ing earlier naivete regarding Red
China.
Q Encourage split between
Moscow and Peking. Russia will
be confronted with the task of
publicly defending its criminally
rnisbehaving ally; and in so doing
the Russians will inevitably dis
sipate to some extend the roseate
atmosphere of sweetness and light
which Premier Khrushchev has
sought to cultivate.
This necessity to undercut
Russia's own interests cannot be
pleasant for the Kremlin, and is
Hkely-so U. N. people hope-to
increase the Kremlin's irritation
with Red China.
Conspicuously absent is any
hope of materially improving the
tragic lot of the Tibetan people.
No one believes Mao Tze-tung will
bow politely to the U. N. and say:
FBeg your honorable pardon.
Didn't know you felt that way
about Tibet. Well withdraw to-
morrow"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18
By WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.-The
agony of Tibet is being reflected
In an agony of a very different
kind within the United Nations.
Tibet has set in motion bitter
struggle between principle and ex-
pediency not unlike the struggles
in which the League of Nations
was torn to pieces.
What the nations say about
Tibet in public and what they
really believe are two very differ
ent things.
What they say-at least, what
those who oppose U N. action say
is this:
. That the U. N. should not
intervene because Red China is
not represented at U. N. headquar-
tiers, and thus is not present to
defend itself or to be stung by
others, criticism.
o That under Article 2 OF the
Charter the United Nations is
barred from intervening in mat
tiers which are essentially within
the domestic jurisdiction of any
state"-and that since Tibet is an
autonomous part of China, the
whole thing is a domestic problem.
Q That U. N. action would have
no effect except to intensity the
cold war.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18

tailed figures are not yet avaM-
able to substantiate this view
among educators, they expect
that the 1,400 recipient institu-
tions, representing 88 per cent of
our total college population, will
drain this new source Of loan
funds.
Money is given to the States
according to their full-time COL
lege enrolment and, in a revi-
sion Of previous policy, will be
granted to each college on the
basis of need. The Federal Gov
eminent puts up SO for each 81
from college.
The programs popularity has
surprised many educators for only
four years ago the total lending
operations of all colleges and uni
versities was less than half the
amount the Federal Government
supplied in the past academic
year.
1t remains to be seen whether
the $1,000 a student may borrow
at go for five years will influence
poor but able students to seek
college education rather than to
go to work in order to support
their families. Many educators
believe it will mainly reduce the
large number of good students
who drop out of college for flnan-
cial reasons. In addition, loan
will enable college students to
spend more time on their studies
rather than taking so many part
time jobs in order to meet eX-
penSeS.
Fellowship Program
The acts graduate fellowship
program, aimed at reducing the
shortage of qualified college teach
erS, got under way last month
when 1000 fellows out of 5000 APP
plicants took up residence in 1913
graduate schools. Each fellow re-
ceives $4,000 plus $500 for each
dependent. The students are in
tentionally spread throughout the
country in order to strengthen
the Smaller graduate schools and
take the pressure off the large
universities.
At present only 10 graduate
schools grant 1870 of all Ph.Ds.
$4,000 per graduate student is
granted to each institution to help
finance the additional expense.
Although the program is not di-
rected towards science, nearly half
of the graduates are working in
scientific and technical fields.
In administering the act, the
Office of Education has attracted
as many educators of national
reputation as its pay scale, in
many cases below comparable jobs
in some States, would permit.
The Offices personnel was in
creased by 800 to total of about
1000 in order to operate the pro-
gram.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18
ISOLATION Of Peipinq

: If there were widespread agree
fnent, however, that the other
purposeS-isolation of Peiping
and education of Asia-would be
served, the U. N. would be plung-
ing into the task with relish.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18

The author, a regular contributor to the
North American Newspaper Alliance,
wos appointed October s by President
Eisenhower TO the three-mon boord Of
inquiry for the dock strike ond helped
prepare its report to the White House.
He is lawyer with extensive experience
in lobor relations and arbitration.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18

and education. There are so Ian
guages spoken by millions of
people in various parts of the
world that are not even taught in
the United States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18
Centers oreronized

Nineteen university language
centers have been organized on
a full academic year basis. The
six highest priority languages to
be studied in these centers are
Arabic, Chinese, Hindustani, jap
anese, Portuguese and Russian.
Related area studies are also in
cluded. Fellowships for advanced
study in the same six languages
have been awarded to I'll gradu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18

and where the money is spent. A
foreign language laboratory for
beginners in Junior high school
costs between $4,000 and $4,000.
State ALLEGATIONS of Federal money
are decided on the basis of the
number of students and the aver
age income per child of school
age. Consequently the poorer
States with large school popula-
tons benefit the most.
Encouraging the Stotes
3. The stimulus of Federal &C
tivity has had the additional ben
eft of encouraging the States
to speed up their own efforts to
improve foreign language teach
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18
BY JOHN F. SEMBOWER
North American Newspaper Alliance

The nation this month is wit
Messing a virtually unprecedented
demonstration of all its peace
making machinery for settling
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT disputes.
The high point was reached
when President Eisenhower in
voked the Taft-Hartley law to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-18

agency in this field is the Federal
Mediation and Cancellation Serv-
ice.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-16
7 Nations End
Fishing Riff

MEXICO CITY, Sept. 10
(AP).-Mexico and Guatemala
patched up their dispute over
Pacific coastal fishing rights
and resumed diplomatic rela-
tons yesterday. The neighbor
countries had been estranged
for about eight months.
Mexico broke relations Janu-
airy % after Guatemalan planes
strafed Mexican fishing boats.
killing three crewmen and
wounding others last December
81.
Guatemala claimed the Mex
lean boats were in Guatemalan
waters and rejected Mexican
protests and suggestions that
the matter be taken to an in
ternational court.
Guatemala made the first
move to resume relations last
week in a note sent through
the Chilean Ambassador here.
It's contents have not been
made public. After an exchange
Of messages the two govern
ments announced the resump-
ton at noon.
Guatemala said 1t would pay
indemnity to the heirs of the
three Mexicans killed by Qua
temalan planes and to those
wounded at that time.
The two countries agreed to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-16

pared with 50, 100000 before
the new increase.
Simultaneous with the World
Bank announcement, the Inter-
national Monetary Fund an
nouhced that 40 Of its members
have agreed to increase the
funds assets by nearly so per
cent. INF gave Its 20 other
members until next July 81 to
consider increasing their con-
tributions to the organization.
INF attempts to help stabil-
ize currencies Of countries
which run into foreign pay
Iments difficulities. INF grants
them advances to help tide
them over
The 40 nations agreed to in
crease their contributions to
INF by $4,4SS, 100000. Its as
sets had been $9,2 billion.
One quarter of the contri-
buttons were paid in gold and
the rest in local currencies. The
United States supplied $l,375.-
100000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-16

are OUTSTANDING
Eugene r. Black, president
q the bank, said all 40 coun-
tries have doubled the capital
contributions they made when
the institution was established
IN 1914. Other members are
expected to follow suit later.
S1n addition. Mr.. Black an
tlounced that II countries have
made special additional con-
ttibutions totaling more than
500 million.
Extra Contributions
Hermany kicked in an extra
$40 million and Japan con-
tributed an additional $i66
million to reflect the recovery
&c their war-shattered econo-
mes.
.Canada. which has enjoyed
strong economic growth In the
postwar period. made a special
rOiltribution of 500 million.
1.-The United States, which
wants to see other Western
1ekons take a bigger role in
helping underdeyeloped areas,
doubled its 1914 contribution
of $3,175, 100000. The United
States has. supplied "a per cent
Of the banks subscribed CAPT.
tai.
Countries which doubled
their contributions did so by
pledging to make the funds
available should the bank need
them in the future. There were
no cash payments to the bank,
except in the case of the special
additional contributions. Ten
per cent Of these were paid in
cash and the rest represented
pledges.
The bank now has subscribed
capital Of $18,357, 900 900, COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-16
81 Million Freud
Charged to EIGHT

ST. LOUIS, Sept. l6 (AP).-
Eight officers and statesmen Of
a suburban University City
vending machine firm have
been charged in a 35-count
Federal indictment with a mil
lion dollar fraud involving use
Of the United States mails.
The indictment was returned
last week by a Federal grand
jury.
Named in 1t were: Peter A.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-16
Eisenhower Sends
Greetings to Adenuuer

BONN. Germany, Sept. IL
(AP). President Eisenhower
sent greetings yesterday to
Konrad Adenauer on the West
German Chancellor's 10th an
niversary in Office.
I'm the name of the Ameri-
can people I congratulate you
on the historic contribution
that you have made to the
cause. not only of your own
country but also the European
community" the President
wrote.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-16

submit any future disputes be-
tween them to the International
Court Of Justice at the Hague
II they cannot be settled by
direct negotiations.
Mexico and Guatemala also
said they would negotiate an
agreement for cooperation be-
tween their naval forces to pre-
vent illegal fishing in each
others waters.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-16

Krane. president Of Allied Mer-
chaandising. Inc. who lives in
suburban Clayton; Eugene OAR
dick Of Brentwood, ONCE man
ager; Statesmen William p.
Kruger. Clayton; Donald Gar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-16

rison. CLAYTON: Clovis W. ooiey.
Fort Lauderdale. Fla; vern r.
Hawkins Of creve Occur. Jack
M. Devices, Clayton. and VIII
liam Dardick, Creve Occur.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-16
World B onk Capabilities
Doubled by Pledges
Ry ths Associated Press

The World Bank announced yesterday that 40 Of its So
member nations have agreed nearly to double the lending
institutions capital resources ]G% - g. n.
The bank now win have more than $l8 billion Of capital
behind its supply underdeveloped countries with
development loans Loans totang nearly $4 billion