davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-12-05

year
Burton was a solid choice and
so impressed Oklahoma coach Bud
Wilkinson that the Sooner mentor
declared, zone of the finest rum
ners I've ever SEEM"
The Football Writers Associa-
ton in picking the annual Look
All America squad follows a prec-
edent set by the late Grantland
Rice and selects a 22-man All
America in which each player en-
joys equal first-string stature.
All members of the 1859 Look
All America will be flown to New
York via American Airlines to re-
ceive their awards on the Perry
Como NBC television show on
Wednesday, December 9th.
While in New York, the squad
will be honored on December 4th
at the All America Awards Ban
quet in the Grand Ball Room of
the Hotel Delmonico. The high
lights of the banquet will be broad
cast over the NBC radio network.
Acting as hostesses for the
team this year will be four Bowl
Queens, representing the Hula
Bowl, Sugar Bowl, Cotton Bowl
and Orange Bowl.
The complete roster of the 1859
Look Football Writers Association
All America Team:
Centers: Jim Andreotti, North
western; E. J. Holub, Texas Tech.
Guards: Bill Burwell, Illinois !;
Maurice Doke, Texas; Pat Dye,
Georgia; Marvin Terrell, Missis-
sippi.
Tackles: Roger Davis, Syracuse;
Dan Lanphear, Wisconsin,; Mike
MCGEE, Duke; Ken Rice, Auburn.
Ends: Bill Carpenter, Army;
Carroll Dale, Virginia Tech; Mar
lin McKeever, S. Calf; Don Nor
ton. Iowa.
Backs: Ron Burton, Northwest
ern; Billy Cannon, Louisiana
State; Charlie Flowers, Missis-
sippi; Dean Look, Michigan State;
Richie Lucas, Penn State; Don
Meredith, Southern Methodist;
Dwight Nichols, Iowa State; Jack
Spikes, Texas Christian.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-12-05
Ron Burton And
Bill burreII Named
ToAII America
Big 10 Stars Called
"Outstanding"

New York, Dec. Big Bill
Burrell of Illinois and hard-run-
ming Ron Burton of Northwestern
have been named to the 1859 Look
Football Writers Association All
America, it was disclosed today.
Burrell and Burton were among
six Big 10 stars to make the All
America team which will be an
ncunced in the issue of Look Mag
azine out next Tuesday.
Both men received particular
notice from the selection commit
tee Of the 1O14-member Football
Writers Association.
Says Look: "Burrell was prob
ably the most impressive single
defensive force in the Big 10 this
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-12-05
New coIdsby.
CONTINUED from Page One)


cused of killing . Mississippi White
Woman is scheduled to 60 to trial
in Circuit Court here Monday
Morning, with the Coldsby defense
attorneys, aside from the possible
motion asking the withdrawal Of
the Governor-Elect as a Special
Prosecutor, have indicated that
some new evidence will be present.
ed in defense of the man who has
already been convicted and SEN
fenced to death five times on the
charges growing out of the slay-
ing.
The new trial which starts here
Monday Morning is being held be-
cause Of an appeal to the United
States Supreme Court which gave
the state eight months in which to
hold a new trial. The action of
the hig court was made on the
grond of exclusion of Negroes from
Jury Service in the previous trials.
In Kinds county Negroes may be
called to serve on the Goldsby Case
Jury, at any rate, exclusion of Ne
groes from Jury Service could hard
ly be solid basis for appeal upon
conviction in the Monday trial.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-12-05
Pope Announces.
Continued from Page One)

bishops, including one not yet ap-
pointed, are Africans. The whole
area will be entrusted to African
clergymen as quickly as the
changeover can be effected.
In his encyclical the Pope ex-
pressed confidence in the native
clergy at a time when "the aspira-
ton of tn peoples to self-rule and
independence is becoming general
and the conquest of civil liberties
may unfortunately be accompa-
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-12-05

MED by excuses that are not in
harmony with the true and deep
spiritual interest of humanity"
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-12-05

Our Advertisers
The people's voice., 1959-10-09

pected to top $90,00O,O0O this year
a gain of $6,000,000 over last year.
Steichen further stated that this
stock redemption will strengthen
the financial condition of its affili-
ated co-ops and will aid them in
carrying out their own local stock
retirements. He added that "It will
give tangible meaning to the spirit
of cooperation as proclaimed in
Coop Month"
Gallatin Farmers Co. of Bozeman,
Montana, will receive the 3rd largest
check among the hundreds of local
co-ops receiving cash redemptions.
Co-ops in Montana alone will re-
ceive $279,214.
The people's voice., 1959-10-09
COOPERATION, KEY TO
Twas SUCCESS

Quickly, the Valley learned some
thing about the IVA: 1t would help,
but there had to be cooperation.
Soon the Valley farmers, guided by
their extension services and county
agents, began to apply lime and phos-
pilates to jaded land in the first of
many, many thousands of farm-test
demonstrations They began to learn
about soil needs, about contour plow-
ing, about the Importance of trees as
windbreaks and erosion curbs. In
few seasons, the barren, soil7scalped
hillsides were green, the valley below
them lush.
AS research and production de-
The people's voice., 1959-10-09
Note Union Wages Are
0utsfripping Non U MON Paw

WASHINGTON, D. ca union
card is worth at least an per cent
pay bulge to workers in 18 industries
surveyed recently by the U. S. Depart
ment of Labor, That's the average
cash differential found in more than
1000 comparisons between jobs in
union and non-union plants where
the occupation, the industry and the
geographical area were the same.
The people's voice., 1959-10-09
Doing Business With Yourself Pays Off .
Central Exchange Plans
Major Stock Redemption

SOUTH SAINT PAUL, MINI.
Union Central Ex-
change announced that it will
redeem for 1,585,000 cash, it's
outstanding patronage refund
stock for the first half of 1850.
Thomas H. Steichen, general
manager of Central Exchange,
indicated that it's board of di-
rectors had authorized the re-
tirement of the stock which rep
resents savings accumulated by
local co-ops trading with Cen
tral Exchange.
This is the 10th stock retirement
in Central Exchanges history and
will bring the total amount of stock
redeemed up to nearly $15,0OO,OOO.
In addition 15,500,OOO has been paid
to local co-ops by Central Exchange
in the form of interest and cash price
throughout the last %
years.
Steichen indicated that the stock
retirement was made possible by the
affiliated local co-ops continuous
loyalty to Central Exchange. 1t also
reflects the Exchanges sound eco
nomic growth. (Sales volume is ex-
The people's voice., 1959-10-09

In 1862, before the tight money
policy, it cost taxpayers $5.S billion
every year to pay interest on the ma
tional public debt. Eisenhower esti-
mates it will cost $8.6 billion in 1860
an increase of nearly one-haf!
This is more than the entire cost
of the federal government in any
New Deal year before World War II.
Between now and the end of
1860, the Treasury plans to borrow
about $100 billion (mostly to pay off
maturing bonds which were issued at
the old, much lower rates.. Each
boost of Il % would add $3.50 million
to the cost of carrying the debt each
year. In 20 years it would add up to
SIS billion.
An increase of 18o on the $100
billion borrowing would add 81 billion
a year, or $40 billion in 20 years, to
taxpayers burdens.
None of this increased cost gives
the taxpayer any additional service.
In fact, it eventually increases the
SOoC VI Whatever OCllSI ScINlCGS ue
must buy.
Effect on other debts: The federal
debt is only about one-third of all
debts in the country state, local,
business, consumer, etc. The rest of
the debt in the U. S.-over $7OO bill
lion-is also affected.
The economy is paying So to $40
billion more this year for the use of
money than it would have paid at
1852 rates, before the tight money
policy started.
About $10O billion of personal,
corporate, state and local debt will be
between now and the end
of 1860. An increase of only Il % on
this will add $3.50 million to the cost
of this debt in the first year alone.
A 1 % increase would add 81 billion |
the first year. (This hits businessmen,
particularly the smaller ones who |
cannot issue securities or sell stock |
to raise capital.)
1t also hits community services
by raising the cost of bonds for public
such as schools, high
ways and sewers.
Effect on individuals: Every per-
son who has borrowed money since
1862 or does so in the near future
has been hit personally by higher in
5erest rates. This group Includes
HOME BUYERS: Interest rates on
FHA financed homes have been raised 7
several times. In 1852, $40, 900 FILA
oan at A Go for 25 years would cost a
5otal of $15,84O to repay (including
S5,S4O interest). In 1859, the same
oan-now costing 5A % at least,
will cost total of $4,000 (of which
$4,000 is interest.)
This increased cost of $2,16O is
'oughly equivalent to one bedroom
md a bath.
Corresponding increases have
,een ordered on CT home loans and ]
The people's voice., 1959-10-09
CRIES OF INDUSTRIAL
PIRACY" UNFOUNDED

This growth has prompted many
critics of the agency to raise cries of
Industry piracy on the part of the
Valley. But the vast majority of new
plants represent branches and sub
sidiary operations of industry which
still have their headquarters else
where. In a recent survey by IVA,
it was found that during a nineteen
year period only twenty-five plants
pulled up roots elsewhere and re-
located in the IVA area. During this
time, nine much larger plants left
the region. The twenty-five incom-
ing plants represented $500 jobs;
the nine outgoing, 1000: net gain for
the Valley, 1900 jobs.
The truth is that while indus
trialization in the Valley has been
rapid, it has Jagged behind the nation
as whole, and the cry of industrial
piracy" is absurd.
Originally, cheap electric power
was considered among the less i'm
portant objectives of IVA. 1t was
FtCWCo NhCTCiy de oy-PToduCE oA
river control that would allow for
increased rural electrification and
encourage a moderate expansion of
industry.
But with the coming of World
War II, the picture changed. A "se-
cret'' installation known as Oak Ridge
needed power in enormous quantities.
Opportunities for increasing hydro
power were limited; new dams might
justify their costs in power terms,
but not, at the time, in other ways.
Besides, huge dam is not an over
night project In 1910, IVA turned
to much quicker method Of adding
to generating capacity: the steam
plant. First to be built was the Watts
Bar plant, with a capacity of 100000
XIV.
After World War II, and with the
Continued On Page Six)
The people's voice., 1959-10-09
SOUTH, AS A WHOLE,
UNDEVELOPED

From almost any standpoint, the
choice was an excellent one. The
South as a whole was underdevel-
oped, and it was labeled by some as
the nations No. 1 economic problem
and in the South, no region presented
a greater problem than did that val
ley washed by the deceptively passive
Tennessee River. For each spring,
this sleeping tiger awoke and became
roaring, rampaging flood. Residents
fled in terror to the high ground as
the water swept away crops, homes
and land. Millions upon millions of
tons of topsoil vanished in hours.
Businesses were wiped out, and with
them sources of taxation.
The region depended upon a one
crop economy. Balance" in agricul-
ture was a phrase of the professors.
There was little industry and much
poverty. Malaria, tuberculosis and
malnutrition left their marks upon
the people and the burial places.
But the sickness that sapped the
region most was one for which no
doctor could prescribe. 1t was the
sickness of fear. There was fear of
the river, fear of the land that pro-
duced less and less. There was fear
of the future. And in the beginning
there was fear of IVA.
But the building of dams meant
jobs and flow of money. AS the
mighty dams took shape, hope rose.
There was a new look about the land.
Ears began to listen to what the ex-
perts of the fledgling IVA had to
say. Eyes began to see help, as in
mosquito control. There were special
lists looking at the land, testing it and
finding the need for fertilizers of a
particular type. Since the type wasn't
being produced, iva began to make
it
The people's voice., 1959-10-09
LLOYD ARMOUR, Staff Writer for
NASHVILLE TENNESSEAN
In THE NATION

NASHVILLE, Tenn. = Twenty-six
years separate the historic legislation
creating the Tennessee Valley Au-
thority from the latest important iva
measure: a new method of financing
the continuing work of the agency. In
that time, a new generation has grown
up without knowing what it was like
in the days before IVA. And an older
generation has had time to forget.
This is fitting time, then, for a
new look at the reality of dream,
at an experiment that has become a
So billion going concern.
How does it justify its costs to
its owners, the people of the United
States?
What has it done for the people
of the Tennessee Valley?
Is it creeping socialism," as
some have claimed, or is it "democ-
racy on the march," as others de-
scribe it?
Does the Valley use the agency
as lure to uproot industry else
where?
Does IVA steal pennies from the
pockets of taxpayers elsewhere to
subsidize cheap power?
Does it build steam plants as an
excuse for continuing its work, now
that the task of developing river
is all but complete?
These are some of the questions
raised by a continuing barrage of
criticism against IVA. For the an
swers, it is necessary first to go back,
briefly, beyond the IVA era to some
far-sighted statesmen such as Theo-
dore Roosevelt, Clifford Pinchot and
Senator George Norris. These were
men who pondered long about ways
of conserving and developing the ma
tion's resources. From their thinking,
and that of others, emerged the con-
cept of total development of river
valleys. In the depression years, a
small band of men in Congress began
a long fight for such an experiment |
in the Tennessee Valley.
The people's voice., 1959-10-09
HOW DID 1T ALL START?

Nine days after President Eisen-
hover took office, his Secretary of
the Treasury offered government Sc
curities at 214 % or 21A % to replace
the previous rate of 1 and 7s %. This
is how the government regularly bor-
rows money to meet expenses, but
the increased rate added more than
$50 million to the U. S. taxpayers
bill for repaying the public debt. 1t
was to be followed by series of
many similar increases which have
not yet stopped (although suspended
for a while a few years ago).
Why was it done? The explanation
was that higher interest rates would
dampen the economy, preventing any
further initiation.
The people's voice., 1959-10-09
Who Loses and Who Gains ;.
The Tight Money Policy
.e in private home fl

have taken place in private home fl
nancing.
INSTALLMENT CREDIT: About
60% of all auto and major household
appliances are bought on installment
credit, especially by low-income fami-
lies of course.
A mere " % increase, for exam
pie, on a $4,000 balance on the pur-
chase price of car financed over "a
months would boost total interest
payments from 1920 to $24O, or more
than go higher.
FARMERS: The USDA index of
interest payable on an acre of real
estate has risen from 104 in January
of 1868 to 189 at the present time
boost of four-fifths.
Loans available from the Farm
ers Home Administration (only when
private credit is not available) have
been boosted from to 5%6-one-
fourth.
Cooperative credit institutions
such as peas have had to follow the
governments lead and increase rates
substantially.
Rural electrification loans are
still fixed by law at 296, but the Ad-
is fighting for an in
crease which would double interest
costs, pointing to the increased cost
of government borrowing as it's rea-
son.
POLICY
These are some of the hard facts
involved in the current reluctance, if
not refusal, of Congress to give Presi-
dent Eisenhower authority to boost
the interest rates on most government
bonds even higher. Meanwhile, Con-
gress has felt it necessary to let him
increase the rate on ordinary savings
bonds so that people will not con-
tinue to cash them in large quantities
in order to obtain higher yields else
where on their savings.)
A famous economist, J. X. Gal
oraith, of Harvard, has expressed
himself forcefully against the Admin
on this issue. "Few things
ire such a proven failure" says Gal
oraith, cas- the tight money policy"
One reason that long-term Treas
Try bonds cannot be sold at rates be-
ow the present Congressional ceiling,
lie says, sis that the Administration
las created the expectation of higher
interest rates. This has caused in
'estors and the banks to hold off buy
ng lest rates do rise and they suffer
capital loss.''
Professor Galbraith declares that
he Administrations request for still
ligher rates sis thus the result of
is own mistaken policy. 1t is rem
dy neither for past error nor present
1t presages a further rise
n all rates. 1t would in the end be
amaging to every home owner, farm
r, businessman and other borrower
o whom interest is a charge he can
ot pass on
The people's voice., 1959-10-09

Mans real life is happy, chiefly be-
cause he is ever expecting that it soon
will be so.-POE.
The people's voice., 1959-10-09
WHO LOSES FROM TIGHT
MONEY?

Anyone who is a debtor automatic
ally loses from having to pay more for
borrowed money-and some will have
to continue to pay it for 25 years or
so, even if rates on new loans go
down. There are also other losers.
Taxpayers: This is the biggest
group of losers.
The people's voice., 1959-10-09
WHO BENEFITTED?

Persons and institutions with money
to lend received windfall almost i'm
mediately, because they could lend
their money for higher return.
The total benefit to banks, for in
stance, were estimated by Seymour
Harris, noted Harvard economist. to
be 5000 million year from every %
the Treasury succeeded in raising in
terest rates and ultimately 81 billion
a year by virtue of the general in
crease in total bank assets. NEARLY
one-third of the public debt is loaned
by commercial banks.)
This windfall was all the sweeter
because it came at a time when bank
profits were booming. U. S. bank
income the year before (1952)
reached a record high of more than
SIS billion.
Net profits, after taxes, also hit
new high-$990 million, according to
the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor
poration's official report. FDIC
pointed out that the "most striking
earnings Development was growth
of income from loans (interest pay
ments), which was 1870 above the
previous year and double what it had
been five years before. This trend
has continued.
The people's voice., 1959-10-09
TVA:The UnIearnedLesso

tails were worked out and TVA-born
fertilizers developed fully, the agency
turned it's data and it's processes
to private industry - free of charge.
In addition, industry got another gift
"a ready-made market. Since re-
search, introduction and promotion
of any new fertilizer is costly, the
industry moved slowly. But here IVA
was doing the whole job with its re-
search, demonstration plots, fertilizer
schools and educational programs for
the farmer.
Today, the farmer in Wyoming or
New York, as well as in Tennessee,
benefits by the IVA fertilizer pro-
gram (Which is paid for by appro-
priations from Congress). Minnesota
farmers saved almost $750,000 from
1949 to 1854 by using TVA-devel-
oped and promoted "4-16-16" and
"5-20-20" fertilizers.
1t may be noted here that a chem
ical paradox-the fact that nitrogen
is both life-giving plant food and
an ingredient of powerful explosives
makes it possible to turn the IVA
fertilizer development center from
peacetime to wartime use in day.
The people's voice., 1959-10-09
IVA BROUGHT LOWER
FREIGHT RATES

AS iva was helping to promote
a new and more productive farm
economy, it was also having an effect
on commerce and navigation. The
series of high dams which canalize
the Tennessee created long, deep
waterway over which freight traffic
moved in increasing tonnage. Tows
hauled automobiles from the indus
trial North to the Alabama plains,
saving more than $40 a car. Ferro-
alloys moved from Muscle Shoals,
Alabama, to Pittsburgh SIS a ton
cheaper.
What does this mean to shippers?
On 12.1 million tons of traffic in
1858, they saved more than $24
million. Deducting the annual cost
of the waterway-$42 million-there
was net transportation benefit of
$19.8 million. This is a 1.5 percent
return on the $136 million net in
vestment in navigation system which
contributes to inter-regional COM
merce and strengthens the whole ma
tion.
1t is automatic that navigation de-
and industrial growth go
hand in hand. Since 1888, private in
dustry has invested nearly billion
dollars in more than 13O terminals
and plants along the river. All in all,
more than 5000 new industries have
come to the IVA region.
The people's voice., 1959-10-09
WHO DIRECTED THE POLICY?

The new Secretary of the Treasury
was George Humphrey, industrialist
and financier. His new deputy, who
handles monetary policy, was W. Ran
dolph Burgess, who had been board
chairman of National City Bank, one
of New York's largest, and long an
advocate of higher interest rates.
Tight money is now definite part
of the Administrations policy and is
supported also by the independent
Federal Reserve Board, which can
help any President keep interest rates
low if it wants to.
The people's voice., 1959-10-09
From National Farmers Union
WASHINGTON NEWSLETTER

Recent Congressional debate about
raising interest rates on government
bonds highlighted a critical economic
policy which affects nearly everyone
in the country. Farmers, who always
need credit to carry on operations,
have been hit directly by higher in
terest rates. They have also been hit
indirectly, along with great many
other people.
And the Administrator tight
money" policy is getting even tight
er, not looser. ;,
Here are the essential facts on this
complicated subject. Some of the fig
ures are so big that they are almost
incomprehensible, but they will show
how you and your neighbors fit into
the picture.
The people's voice., 1959-10-09
WHAT WAS THE IMPACT?

AS soon as Treasury borrowings
started paying more in interest rates,
other rates were naturally raised to
make them equally attractive to in
vestors. A vicious circle was created
which still prevails, because the u. S.
Treasury is the pacemaker.
In quick succession, rates were in
creased on private bank loans. farm
price support loans, FILA loans to
home buyers, CT housing loans, in
stallment credit, municipal bonds and
nearly everything involving an inter
est charge.
The Sidney herald., 1959-07-15

The new Billings-Great Falls
route was awarded to Frontier
Airlines on July 2 by the Civil
Aeronautics Board (CAB) in the
Montana Local Service Case. On
September i, when Frontier begins
the first of its scheduled opera
tons over this route, Western Air
Lines, which has been serving
Lewistown, Montana with one
daily round trip, will suspend its
service to this Montana city.
Also awarded to Frontier Air
lines in the CABS Montana Case
decision was a route from Great
Falls to Williston, North Dakota
serving the "High-Line" Montana
cities of Havre, Glasgow and Wolf
Point. Frontier officials say that
they hope to get service started
across the "High-Line" route at the
earliest possible date following the
Inauguration of service between
Billings and Great Falls.
At the present time, Frontier
is working on a number of sche-
proposals between Billings
and Great Falls. The exact flight
CONTINUED ON PAGE ~