davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman., 1959-01-30
THE REAL TRUTH ABOUT
VIRGINIA SCHOOL SEGREGATION

70 get fun understanding tragic school deadlock
back about decade 50 TO the woefl
Harry Byrd political machine. efficient
In highways, picnic tables
Virginia government corruptonfree and
kept Negroes poor whites in rural
con we're shocking
Neglect Negro ether southern states
educators the situation scored Virginia as one Of
the
Publicity has recently been given Royal
high Negro transported
a boarding Manassas few
all the to Manassas
from Arlington Alexandria Fairfax Prince William and Page
Counties them going 90 miles
Up a 20 Prince VII
liam children capacity Of only 2s
boarding school accommodates between 400
school elementary students There hreestory
frame dormitory with bathtub for 40 Negro girls
TODAY high Negroes being rushed to
completion County tFront Royal
Supreme ruling integraton had
County Va, years ago Negroes comprised 10
900 school bond
suew Negro
children travelled
County n school
elementary students There from neighbors
pump
whites and Negroes had about the same standard
Virginia frequently ore-eacher
he report Virginia Superintendent
Instruction thse le5s57
tons Of the stae155 white 800 Negro.
recently In
Virginia.
present Indignation struggle
attending crowded schools
treatment students they they
manded negrated schools About 10 Southern states
this building result
bana North Carolina
modern Negro scho thanp white
building campaign too By time the
demand
TO stop.
Minneapolis spokesman., 1959-01-30
Parents Cite Emergency School AS Open
Oeeupuncy" Leoisfufion

Editor A. readers noted with
articles tho struggle open Occupancy
ton parents children
want bring of the open
cupancy your attention and that your
Cienvood Redeyeopmen oty
of The Negro families
Highway opportunity buy
rent housing freely city,
Now that families moving the housing projects
built
crisis of overowdng which viii temporary
classroom space and the hussing o children
IN fact there s danger
forced doabesh halliday happen
of housing equal oppor
tunty and the whole
the Junior High
un there adequate "Open Occupancy legislation Snneapo.
lis each ffeeway redeveopmen project
oveFcrowding predominant Negro
population pattern which denies ALL the children
experience and ncommuncaton during their years
and nf standard upon
truly, Mrs. Betty No,
Mrs NJ Willis " Betty po,ra
Ave. No. January
Minneapolis spokesman., 1959-01-30

Eleven days before the Virginia
supreme Court of Appeals con
servatiye judicial body IL there
ever was one Joined the U, s.
Supreme Court IN striking down
the old poniuiona massive re.
sistanco' laws. the Governor met
with Chs Correspondent Ed Muir
row
Minneapolis spokesman., 1959-01-30
FOR whof7

Etor After reading Christmas alarmed
he fact that all the advertisements that
don't won't have Negroes few others that
% hire Negroes do mena Jobs only
Yet advocate Subscribers patronze
your paper,
For what spend where H. How about
MINI, r.. 1889
Minneapolis spokesman., 1959-01-30

THE MYSrWyING BEHAy-
.I0R or GOV, ALMOND The
spectacle ~ tortured man in
puhnc affice Is never pretty %
behold whcn man q indcci
ssons becomes Governor g, great
state with iong tradition that
gu~. back 10 ths American Rev
oiuilon and beyond AZ Is n0w the
caso with Virginia, the aghs t
sometimes Absolutely shs,tsrng
J Lindsay Almond was After
ucy General q virEinia hsfoFe ne
bsanis GovVrnnF Crurarvd 10
soms ~ me msn who occurist the
Executive Chambers a. Niehr'ond
AifnanA vas comparatively nis-
psnasat of thr Byrd machine Hs
UAa net an ousspoksr indspentcrit
hut ~ Ha rccasiunally tsAssosa-
ats afnself rrlm souls 81 ne ~
rrsses of that ssnlgh;et p~gani
taiica
Minneapolis spokesman., 1959-01-30
Letters To The Editor
sobeonseioos Bios OF Teaehers

Editor would like 10 offer congratulations 70 FOR
bringing the athletic department University
feel that athletic department should
he investigated
Even though Negro may qualify position
eligible scholastcay which
subconscously biased the grading
Thanks again Carr second X Minneapolis
Minneapolis spokesman., 1959-01-30
w ATCH
on the
POTOMAC
BY ROBERT G. spivAck

THE SMALL WORLD or LYNDON Johnson A mans
public and private posures not always the In this
ucranes Democratic Leader Lyndon Johnson exudes
reaS0naheues cancellation and humility AT home the
LRJ brand il imposed every member Of his family They
Minneapolis spokesman., 1959-01-30

Lyndon Baipes Johnson thus
band and fatherl Lady Bird John
son tmother and wifal. Lucy
Ratues Johnson daughter age
III Lynda Bird Johnson Cdaugh-
ter agn t4l and little Beagle
johnson (dogl
Certainly a parent has the right
20 infliet hts initials on any mem
her Of his family. and they have
the right 70 protest But what re
course has the puppy9
CONFLICT or INTEREST
Sen Thomas J podd the newly
elected Democrat from Connects
cut disclosed the other day that
he was attorney for the Guairmal
an government, after that couu-
try with u = aidl got rid Of
It's leftst administration.
Back IN June, 1853 podd was
sponsor 81 an amendment 10 the
Mutual Security Act 20 Increase
Guatemala portion of foreign aid
trom SIZE 600 900 to $4,000 600
rhat was while he was congress
nan
under the contract with tbs
CaiatvmAians nodd was 70 be paid
500 600 for two-year period
and n. money was 70 be payable
IN advance
pcdd signed the contract With
The Cua,snaians four months AZ
ter hls term as C'onn~ctiout Con
vrezsman ended Ne Terminated
ms new agreement on Nov s 1858
the day after his election 20 ths
senate.
Giving up the contract means
that possd wiiI lose sal $50 sttl
due hirw
Minneapolis spokesman., 1959-01-30

In an interview recorded on that
occasion, Almond readily conce-
ded that II the state court Knocked
out the massive resistance iegis
lstion certain schools IN the state
would be permitted some degree
Of integration AS Almond put Il
there would probably be lutegva-
tion IN the case of Negro students
whose rights had already been
adtudieated
Yet - hours after the state
court Joined the federal court Al.
mond went on a statewide network
ard made an lnflsmmatory speech
that might have seemed spprupri-
ate a. a ku Kiux Klan rally
I In part, this Is what ne said
TO those % faint heart: 10
those whose purpose and design
r. TO blend and analgsnate the
white ard Negro race and de-
stroy the integrity Of both races
20 th0~e who aisclnlru that they
ARE integratianists bot are work
+ tne aay ard night TO integrase
our schools; 90 those who don't
care what happens 70 the children
6f Virginia to those whs De
send or close their eyes to the
iivid stencil of sadisnl sex iusuor-
atty ard iuvenile pregnancy In
Testing the nliSed schools ot the
I usstrict ~ Columbia 70 all
tcs these and their ccnfeicrates
cpsaraGes ard allies. let me make
ID, ahsfntantiy clear for the record
now and hereafter aS Governor
% thss state I win not Yield 70
itsat whsch I know % sc wrong
ard with destroy evvry rational
scrnhiance q paslic s,fsTcatioa for
I thousands ~ the chsisren q vlr-
r,niA
Minneapolis spokesman., 1959-01-30

rhis e~~~papeF casts ise per
siaxse copy ard n ~~rth u1eh
u,or-. n prtntS n~~. AhSat ps.spa~
yoa khaw and aes~ No ath~r
pap-rr pffnt. ---Adsf
Minneapolis spokesman., 1959-01-30

model status symbol garage calling
in iOyear-oIdcar lie Disogu
The upcoming election University regents
taking familiar The safeguarding
non-paran purity by limiting membership to Re-
pubieana
The Administration Is eadyng haynaker
farmer coopeatvea which counterpart right
laga a work for somebody else law
Minneapolis spokesman., 1959-01-30
Cuip : o . Grams

Tho Republicans maic Senator Goldater,
Anti Labor their congressional campaign chairman theory
hat political who could probably sell regcr-
statehood they might
aat point
changing A pot his
Minneapolis spokesman., 1959-01-30

After hearing talk ~ that
srt can Almond really os sur.
prssei II sore aynsn1i,sr blows
up an n-tegrated public Nrhoolf
Minneapolis spokesman., 1959-01-30

\ salesman We know has pa, his
Minneapolis spokesman., 1959-01-30

sign OF the changing times a aAle
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-04-16

THREE SUPERIOR RATINGS
were given to B. H. S. music
groups at the State Solo and En-
semble contest held at Bowling
Green State University Saturday.
A woodwind quintet, composed of
Connie Patterson, Laura Diller,
Mary Smucker, Nancy Patterson,
and Jean Stauffer; a piano solo
by Ruth Frankhauser; and a
flute solo by Mary Smucker all
received the highest award posi-
BILE at this contest. Congratula-
tions, girls!
TRI-HI-Y officers were elected
for the 1959-60 year at the club
meeting held last Wednesday
evening. Suzanne Clauss, a junior,
was chosen President. She will
succeed Pam Berry. Other Off
GERS chosen were Mary Smucker,
Vice President; Beverly Benroth,
Secretary; Irene Basinger, Treas
urer; and Arlene Basinger Chap
lain.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-04-16
Four Real Estate
Transfers Filed

One Bluffton real estate trans
fer was filed in the office OF
Allen county recorder Morgan
Davis last week: Bluffton East
Land, Inc, to Paul A. and Eli G..
Steiner, lot 1868, Highland addi-
ton, tax $1.65.
Three Richland township trans
fers were filed:
Ray and Carrie Stratton to
Robert Stratton, IS acres, section
26, no tax.
Stratton Greenhouse to Ray
mond A. and Carrie and James
Stratton, four acres, section 26,
no tax. ..
Paul B. and Elizabeth Jackson
to Paul M. and Lois l. King, one
acre, section 3, no tax.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-04-16

THE SENIOR CLASS will pre-
sent Father Was a Housewife"
a three act comedy, April 20 and
21 in the High school auditorium.
The cast includes Owen Ziessler,
Mary Steiner, Sharon johnson,
David Little, Larry Smucker,
Gordie Mathewson, Dennis Smith,
Sue Crawfs, Carol Herr, Joenita
Shelter, Marcene Zimmerman,
Sallie Jordan, Ronald Habegger,
and Helen Geiger.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-04-16

H. D. Zehrbach has purchased
the brick house on the lot adjoin-
ing the Bluffton Manufacturing
company from Charles Hankish.
Glen Long purchased the Les
lie Kimmel property on Kibler
street last week.
Clayton Welty, former BE stu
dent who was wounded with the
Marines at Chateau Thierry, had
a fit of laughter which turned
into a coughing spell and coughed
up two good sized pieces of the
shirt he was wearing when he
was wounded.
William Ryan, who lost his
right leg in the fighting near Ver-
dun on October 13, arrived Sun
day on a Is day furlough.
Wilford Eilty, of Lima, was in
town Thursday. He is carrying
mail on one of the rural routes
and likes his work.
Announcements are out of the
coming wedding of Mr.. Hiram
Kohl and Miss Sarah Wenger.
The wedding is to take place on
Easter Sunday.
D. S. Burkholder, of this place,
has purchased. a share of the
Rapid Remedy company, Berne,
Indiana. The plant, which was
formerly used to manufacture
medicine, will be converted to an
artificial ice plant.
Farmers who want the trans
mission line to run past their
houses should attend the meeting
at the Community hall Saturday
night. This identification project
should mean a great deal for
area farmers.
Pandora merchants received
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-04-16
Milo LOra Heads
Local Farm Bureau

Milo Lora, Bluffton Route 2,
was elected president of the Al
len Co. Farm Bureau Coop at
the organizational meeting held
recently at the Harrod high
school multi-purpose room.
Earlier in the meeting Lora
had been reelected as a direc-
tor with Dorm Gamble, Elida.
Other officers are Willis Wine
gardner, Harrod, vice president,
and Garvin Clevenger, Conner,
secretary. Other directors are El-
don Roeder, Cairo; Willis Har-
desty, Lima; Don Long, Lafay-
cite; and Roger Arthur of Har-
rod, manager of the coop.
Calvin Leimbach, Allen county
agent, was the speaker of the
evening.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-04-16

Mrs. Leland Crawford of Beaver
dam who are the parents of a
son, born Saturday, April 18th at
the Bluffton Community hositpal.
Mr.. Crawford is manager of the
Farmers Elevator, BeaVerdam.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ronald GoSsman
formerly of Beaverdam and now
of Route 5, Lima, are the parents
of a girl, born April 18th at the
Bluffton Community hospital.
Congratulations.
Word received from Mr.. and
Mrs. Sam Varvel that they will
soon be breaking Camp from
Osprey, Florida and coming back
to Ohio in a couple of weeks.
Mr.. and Mrs. Kenneth Donald
son and daughters of Beaverdam
were in Fostoria Saturday visit
ing her parents Mr.. and Mrs.
Beck and also Mrs. c. b. Parker
of Norwalk, California, who is
visiting there.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-04-16
Beaverdam

Cupid" seems to be working
again. Here's another romance
and announcement of the engage
ment of Melvin Earl Weaver and
Sandra Lee Bailey.
The couple have planned an
open church ceremony in the
VaughnsviIle, Christian Union
church, June 28th.
She is employed by the w. J.
Grant Company at Westgate,
Lima, Ohio. And Melvin, an
alumnuS of Beaverdam high
school, has served in the u. S.
Navy and now is employed by
the National Transit Corporation,
Lima. Ohio. Melvin is the son of
Mrs. Grace Weaver, of Beaver
dam.
Congratulations" to Mr.. and
Mrs. Dean Sommers. A brand
new sailor has joined their
crew! Sailor Roger Wayne,
date joined crew - April 18th
Saturday Home Port - Beaver
dam, Ohio.
Robert Snodgrass Jr. son of
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Snodgrass
Sr. is chief auditor in the
Finance and Accounting office,
at the Army installation of Fort
Richardson, seven miles from
Anchorage, Alaska, has been pro-
NOTED to the rank of Specialist
Four.
Robert Jr. will be discharged
June 1st and Tillie, his mother,
is counting the day on two hands
until her son arrives home.
When Robert Jr. walks into her
Kitchen and says hi to Nom,
and helps himself to some boiled
ham in the refrigerator then
walks into the living room and
and calls to his mother, This
all you got TO eat in the house?"
Welcome" back to Mr.. and
and Mrs. Leo Nelson, Of Beaver
dam, after a six-months absence
living in Port Isabel, Texas, for
the winter. Leo will have tc
adjust himself to Ohio climate
now, since ne arrived home 6
month sooner.
Sunday dinner guests of Mr.
and Mrs. Fred Andrews were
Mrs. Edna Johnson and Mrs
Donna King of Wauseon, Ohio.
Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Andrews oi
near Bluffton, were Wednesday
evening guests of their son, MIR
and Mrs. Fred Andrews and fam
lily in honor of Michael Andrews
18th birthday.
BeaVerdam Boosters club will
meet at 8 p. m. in the Town Hal
on Tuesday April 21st.
Mr.. and Mrs. c. l.. Ruprigh
cousins in Berne, Indiana. MIR
spent Sunday with their two cous
ins in Berne, Indiana, Mr.. anc
Mrs. John Mcbride and Mrs
Freda Habeggar.
Mr.. and Mrs. /. J. AmStut1
returned home Thursday evening
from Excelsior Springs, Missouri
where Mr.. AmstutZ had beer
taking treatments for himself.
Congratulations" to Mr.. and
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-04-16
Easter Straker
Mt. Cory Speaker

Miss Easter Straker, WILMA
radio and televiSion announcer,
will be the guest speaker at a
meeting of the Young Adult Class
of the Mt. Cory EUB church
Monday, April 20, at 7:3O in the
church.
Miss Straker will show pic
lures of her recent trip to Eur
ope and give interesting COM
ments on the countries she
visited.
Special music will be furnished
by the st. Johns United Church
of Christ, Bluffton. The public is
invited to attend.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-04-16
College To Present
Comedy of Errors"

One local student at Bluffton
college has been cast in the pro-
duction of Shakespeare's Cong
edy of Errors" to be presented
on the campus April "a, Is, q
and %.
Judith Hilty, daughter of Mr..
and Mrs. Herman Hilty, will have
the part of Aemilia, wife OF
Aegon.
The play will be presented un-
der the direction of Prof. Dale
Dickey ''in the round" on the
stage of Founders hall.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-04-16
NeWs Grandfather Read
FROM THE BLUFFToN NEWS ISSUE OF APRIL 10, 1918

two car loads o flee from Michi-
gan last week and are expecting
to receive two more next week.
The time of the regular meet
ings of the Robert Hamilton post
of the Grand Army of the Re
public has been changed to the
second and fourth Saturday af-
ternoon of the month, it was an
nounced by ]. w. Rathbone, the
commander.
Last week the Dixie Motor
company sold Ford cars TO Lee
Crosser, E. S. Kern, j. E. Bur-
kett, c. c. Moser, H. B. McEl-
roy, Louis Niswander, Homer
Fisher and Ed Krohn.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-04-16
EFT TIE X S
TO THE EDITOR
Dear Sir:

In regards to the proposal to in
stall a city water Softener and
maintain at city expense. / wish
to say this, the most objection
able feature about a city water
softener system would be the
tampering and communicating the
drinking water. Bluffton people
have long been proud of their
GOOD DRINKING WATER and
were always glad to get home
especially in hot weather to get
cooling, satisfying and refresh
ing drink, after being away for
day or SO.
A great many people in Bluff
ton have PURCHASED and maintain
ct h-.r oyn pG@ConaI expense
water softenerS. Those people
would gladly in the future do so
ds they have three water taps at
me kitcneh sink, one a fresh
water tap that comes direct from
the water source, drinking
Water) one cold water through
the softener and one hot through
the softener.
Aside from the fresh drinking
water angle, the large expense of
installing the equipment, putting
up a building to house same, also
the increase of taxes and ex-
penses of maintaining same. In
the past year taxes have risen
sharply and am positive that
at the present time that most
home owners and taxpayers
would take dim view of any
thing that would increase their
taxes ONE DOLLAR. A great
number of people think that they
are not getting enough today for
their tax dollar. That of course is
a moot question.
c. H. Cole,
ia Garau Street
Bluffton, Ohio.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-04-16
TALK
TEENERS
by Beverly BenrOtb

TOP P-SCORERS have been Sc
lected from those students, grades
9-12, who took the scholarship
tests given at the high school re-
ceutly. These students are eligi-
BILE for the Final-District State
Scholarship Tests which will be
held at Ohio Northern University
Saturday, May 2. High-scorers
and their testing subjects are as
follows: Tony Travis, biology;
David Barnett, general science;
Charles Baber, chemistry; Joeni-
ia Shelter, physics; Joan EN-
inert, algebra; Jerry Mericle,
plane geometry; Keith Baker,
American history; Tom Griffin,
world history; Larry Smucker,
senior social studies; Rachel
Hilty, English TX; Walter Jor-
dan, English x; Mike Diller,
English XI; Judy Frankhauser,
English XII; Elizabeth Raid,
Latin I; Charles Jordan, Latin
II; Betty Stratton, bookkeeping.
Evening star., 1959-11-18
Punumu Denies

PANAMA, Nov. 18 (AP).-
Deputy Foreign Minister Mari
ano Oteiza denied yesterday
that Panama National Guard
headquarters ordered its forces
not to try to halt the anti
American demonstrations here
November 8 and 4.
He was answering a United
States State Department state
ment yesterday that Pana-
manian police had not tried to
prevent the demonstrations, in
which an American flag was
destroyed in front Of the United
States Embassy and the EN-
baSSy was stoned. The Ma
tional Guard serves as both
the army and police force in
Panama.
1T is completely false that
the National Guard received
orders not to intervene" Mr..
Oteiza said. THE government
and the National Guard COM
have explained the sit
uation and stated that all the
protection that could be fur
niShed was given"
Evening star., 1959-11-18

and the chiefs assistant, Col
Paul Laraque, in an interview
by Dumeryc Charlier of the
newspaper lie Matin.
Col. Heinl had been quoted
by an American weekly maga-
zine and newspaper as saying
he found Haiti's army in a de-
plorable state when the mis-
sion came to Haiti last Janu-
ary at the request of President
Francois Duvalier.
Gen. Merceron emphasized
that members of the mission
are solely in an advisory ca
pacity, with no command of
Haitian troops or affairs. The
general said Haiti's army should
not be judged by American
standards. He added:
Prior to the arrival of the
mission the Army, despite
errors, had attained under
Haitians' command a standard
definitely superior to the or
ganization left by the United
States Marines on their de-
parture from Haiti, particularly
In technical preparation"
United States Marines pulled
out Of the French-speaking
Negro nation in 1894. That
ended a 19-year military oc-
cupation brought on by Amer
lean concern over a series Of
bloody political crises and pro-
found economic and social de-
cline in Haiti.
Evening star., 1959-11-18

Banes. on the north shore Of
easternmost Oriente Province.
An oficial report said they
had outlined a series of sabo-
tage acts in the area and at
temps on the lives of some
leading figures in Prime Min
lister Fidel Castro's government.
Police said they confiscated
radio equipment that the group
had used to maintain contact
with counter revolutionary
elements in the Dominican Re-
public.
Among others detained was
Ernesto Puig Hidalgo, identi-
fed as a former captain in the
Batista army and an employe
Of the American-owned United
Fruit Co.
Evening star., 1959-11-18
Cocaine Seized

MIAMI, Fla, Nov. 18 (AP)
Fernando Leon Mariduena
newly arrived from Guayaquil,
Ecuador, was charged yester-
day with smuggling $4,000
worth Of cocaine in a suitcase
with a false bottom.
Joseph A. Fortier, supervising
customs agent, said it was the
biggest haul Of cocaine on rec
ord in the Southeastern United
States.
Customs agents who arrested
Evening star., 1959-11-18
Two YuqosIuvs Flee

HALL, Austria. Nov. 1S (AP)
Two Yugoslav refugees
climbed stiffly from an open
freight car yesterday after a
freezing ride across the noun
tains from Yugoslavia and
asked for asylum. Edward Ko-
cole, %, and Zitka Randelovic
%, said they huddled between
sacks Of corn but still nearly
froze to death.
Evening star., 1959-11-18
Butistu Kin Seized

HAVANA, Nov. 18 (AP)-
Raul Batista zaldivar, identi-
fled by National Police as 9
cousin of ex-Dictator Fulgencio
Batista, has been charged with
counter-revolutionary activities
Authorities announced yes
terday the charges were filed
against Raul Batista and 10
other men rounded up in East
Cuba.
Raul Batista was among a
group taken in custody at
Evening star., 1959-11-18

Leon Mariduena at Miami In
ternational Airport said they
had a tip from Washington.
Mr.. Fortier reported indica-
tions the drug was bound for
New York.
Evening star., 1959-11-18
New Diphtheriu Cure

MOSCOW, Nov. IS (AP).-
Soviet scientists have found q
compound to cure toxic diph-
liberia and dysentery, which can
Evening star., 1959-11-18
LATIN AMERICAN NOTES
Haiti General Fires
Back at Criticism

PORT AU PRINCE, Haiti Nov ls (AP).-The Haitian
army chief Of stan yesterday accused Col Robert Henl Of
the United States Marine Corps Of dvugng information the
press concerning the training equipment and size Of Has
armed forces Col Henl commands United
ing mission in Haiti
Evening star., 1959-11-18

worked out by q team headed
by Prof. Mikhail Shostakovsly,
discoverer Of a balsam treat
ment for stomach ulcers.
Evening star., 1959-11-18

be fatal to children, Tass re-
ported yesterday. Ingredients
were not given. The news
agency said the compound wae
Evening star., 1959-11-18
Named to Acc Post

Myron B. Kratzner has been
named deputy director Of the
Atomic Energy Commissions