davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-20
BY EARL H. VOSS
star stan Writer

Next week ends Eisenhower
Khrushchev talks at Camp David
will be the crucial test for the
Presidents new role In personal
diplomacy at the highest level.
The White House is doing its
best TO avoid a mob scene" when
the two world leaders sit down in
the rustic Catoctin mountain re-
treat to try to end the cold war.
Besides interpreters, only three
or four Americans and four So
Wet officials are to spend Friday
and Saturday nights there. The
permanent residents" on the
United States side will be the
President. Secretary Of State
Herter and Ambassador Llewellyn
Thompson, who represents Mr..
Eisenhower in Moscow. United
Nations Ambassador Henry Cabot
Lodge. jr., may also stay.
From the Soviet side there will
be Premier Khrushchev. Foreign
Minister Gromyko, Ambassador
Mikhail Menshikov and A. A.
Soldatov, the chief Of the Amer
lean desk in the Soviet Ministry
Of Foreign Affairs.
II other experts are to be
called. they probably win be shut
tied in and out by helicopter. It
is only q 40-minute ride in the
bumpy air over the Maryland
mountains from Washington to
the baseball diamond on which
the choppers" land.
White House Press Secretary
James c. Hagerty and his Soviet
counterpart. M. A. Kharlamov.
probably will hop in and out once
or twice day to pick UP news
scraps for correspondents. II the
usual pattern prevails. little Of
substance Is likely to come out Of
these efforts until an official
communique is published.
New Herter Theory
One reason for the efforts to
confine the meetings to as few
people as possible is Mr.. Herter's
theory about q little-used potential
Of President Eisenhower: His per-
suasiveness In man-to-man talks.
Mr.. Herter has no criticism Of
his predecessor, the late Secretary
Of State Dulles. But the new Sec
rotary feels that the Dulles meth
cd Of operation left little scope
for one Of the Presidents prin-
cipal attributes. his ability to
project his ideas and win friends
In small groups.
In the past. Mr.. Eisenhower has
usually been pictured as q master
at swaying great crowds with his
smile and his congeniality. But
his earnestness in drawing room
debate has impressed Mr.. Herter.
and he has been encouraging the
President to try his own hand at
personal diplomacy"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-20

The trip to Europe last month
was the first test Of the Herter
theory.
For outsiders. there vas plenty
Of evidence Of Mr.. EiSenhower's
better-ballyhooed mass appeal.
But Secretary Herter feels the
President also proved a master
in the man-to-man discussions.
West German Chancellor Ade-
nauer. British Prime Minister
Macmillan and French President
de Gaulle all made special efforts
to get Mr.. Eisenhower alone for
confidential talks on the most
pressing problems.
Reflection Of Unity
The results Of these have
pleased the Secretary Of State.
Little of the nature Of these pri-
vate talks has been disclosed. But
the instanteous cordiality Mr..
Eisenhower showed for Gen.
de Gaulle's tlree-option plan to
settle the Algerian problem may
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-20
M@@@HS"@@N1-
Setting the Stage for Talks at Camp David

tered around the grounds were
named after their habitual inhab-
itants. There were the Grace
Tully Cottage. for instance, and
the Reilly Cottage, named after
FDR's secretary and his secret
service chief.
Now the individual cabins are
named after trees: Hickory House,
Hemlock House. Witchhazel, Birch
and Walnut Houses.
The Presidents lodge has q
fully equipped kitchen, q combi-
nation living and dining room.
four bedrooms and O solarium,
converted from the porch which
FDR enjoyed.
Most Of the big meetings-liks
Cabinet sessions Mr.. Eisenhower
has held there-are conducted in
the Laurel" lodge. which used to
be q recreation room for the CCC
camp out Of which Camp David
grew. ~
The Eisenhower Khrushchev
meeting will be O far cry from
their Geneva summit meeting Of
1855, when they faced each other
across enormous tables at which
scores Of advisers were seated
with them. =.
This time the pattern may be,
something like this:
Meeting In the solarium, the
two leaders, with or without their
foreign ministers, may agree on
some point, in the field Of cultural.
exchanges, cooperation in devei-
oping thermonuclear power, Or
hopefully disarmament and
Germany.
~
Ceiling in Specialists 50
After agreeing in the broadest
terms they would then call in.
their specialists to put the.
agreement into the language Of
diplomacy.
When it comes time for the
specialists to be called in, the
President is expected to rely on
people like Or. George Kistia.
kowski, his new science adviser.
Atomic Energy Commission Chair
man John McCone. Disarmament
Specialist Philip Farley. Policy
Planners Gordon Gray and Ger,
aid Smith, State Department.
Counselor G. Frederick Reinhardt.
Deputy Undersecretary Of State
Livingston Merchant, Acting AS
sistant Secretary of State Foy D.,
Kohler, and United States Infor-
nation Agency Director George
Allen.
For each of the Americans, Of
course, there is a Soviet coun-t
terpart.
The order -of business agenda
arranged by Secretary Herter and
Foreign Minister Gromyko in
their meeting at the State De-
partment last. Wednesday morn,
ing has been arranged to avoid
bringing the whole group into the
Camp David discussions at one
time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-20
Arms Plan Turns
On Controls Plans

lest Mr.. Khrushchev get what he =
wants. a detente on the basis Of
the status quo. just by few ges-
lures. a display Of gregariousness,l
and some soft talk-that is 10 :
say. without paying any meaning
full diplomatic price at all. ..
West Scoles Down Price iHt
The West has been constantly
scaling down its price. Four years
ago, at the 1855 Geneva Summit
Conference, the price was unifica- =
ton of Germany. a Central Euro
pean settlement, and extensive
arms controls.
By last summer. the West was
no longer demanding a European,
settlement and on President Eli
senhower's latest trip to London,
Paris and Bonn. German unif1ca-
ton in effect was dropped. =
What remained was arms CON-
trol-this and, to be sure, a local j..
adjustment in West Berlin. That
price certainly was the irreducible
minimum. Would Mr.. Khrushchev
get his detente without even agree
ing to a first step toward arms
control-Say. an enforced ban on
nuclear testing? -,
Most delegates here are begin ,
ming to breathe a little easier:
after his U. N. speech, they doubt
1t. There is even some talk that he
himself may realize it. A little,
noticed passage of the speech ap-
pears to open the door to mean,
ingful negotiations on some linz
tied measures Of arms control.
~
The Portiol Disarmament ,rl
The passage came virtually at
the end of the speech. Having
blown up his immense balloon
total diSarmament-and let 10
float gently up to the open rafters !
in the green End gold assembly
hall. Mr.. Khrushchev said. with q
perfectly straight face, I'VE are
realists." He acknowledged that
it might take a little time to ne
gotiate Utopia. So, in the means :
time he said, let's talk about some
partial measures" d.
The limited steps he suggested
-disengagement. the test ban.
inspection to bar surprise attack 2
European non-aggreSSion pact,
begin to touch upon some of the,
areas which the West wants to ex-
plore. He appeared to be suggest
ing that serious negotiations on
them be resumed. a
There will be an opportunity to
do just this when the donation
disarmament commission recently
established by East-WeSt agree
ment meets in Geneva next year.
Plenty Of things could be done
to make it easier for the world,
to live under the shadow of the
atomic bomb. Steps could be-
taken to bar new nations from
joining the atomic club. A roof +?
could be put on warfare, ruling =
out outer space as a scene or path
way for conflict, an inspection
system could minimize the danger
Of surprise attack. Old-faShioned :
non-atomic ornaments could be-
limited. thus cutting down on the,
peril of brush-f1re wars. -
All these measures are capable
Of being inspected: inspection ID
a technical possibility. ~
II Mr.. Khrushchev wants a de-
tente badly enough to talk turkey
on some or all of these topics,
he probably can have it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-20

we went with the car right behind.
Finally We split up and two Of us
jumped a passing trolley. The
Communists had handed US q not
so-subtle warning that they knew
what we were up to and were TAX
ing few chances with their multi
million dollar festival investment.
The festival organizers could not
permit an anti-Communist group
Of Americans to run the activities
Of the delegation. Therefore. they
attempted every means to prevent
a full meeting Of all United States
participants and enlisted the help
Of prot Communist Americans in
this task. Four meetings were
necessary before an anti-Com-
munist slate was finally chosen,
and at each juncture, Red opposi-
ton was met.
Toeties Impressive
I was q member Of the elected
eight-man steering committee and
listened first hand to the tactics
and delaying procedures enlisted
by the Communists to impede our
effectiveness. In order to under
cut and discredit our committee,
the Reds started whispering cam
paigns stating that we were
state Department agents" out to
destroy the festival, that half the
committee was Communist, and
that the pro-Red Americans who
held control we're doing a fair"
job and shouldn't be replaced.
In negotiating sessions they
spent hours in long speeches and
started discussion with accusa-
tions that had no basis in fact.
They claimed that some Of us had
not paid festival fees, although
word had been sent them that the
money had arrived at American
Express in Vienna.
I'VE journalists, meeting in
peace and friendship" the pro-
Communist Venezuelan chairman
had proclaimed when he opened
one Of many seminars held to
augment cultural" activities at
the festival. He continued with a
Commute speech which concluded
with a bitter attack on United
States capitalistic domination of
Latin America. 1t was the first
Of five such verbal lashings in a
row of the United States, capitalist
press control and other features"
Of life outside the Communist
sphere.
This seminar, for young jour-
nalists," took place in a narrow
conference room on the second
floor Of Vienna theater building.
Each Of US attending had a Soviet
multi-language earphone to per-
NIT simultaneous translations, and
among the electronic equipment
in the room was a tape recorder.
which operated at all times.
On Freedom Of the Press
I wrangled a chance to speak.
recalled that earlier speeches had
urged freedom Of the press. and
told the audience that before we
could tackle this problem in other
parts of the world, we would have
to face 1t at the festival. itself.
Only one newspaper was circulated
at the festival grounds. I attacked
this saying I had hoped to read
"Pravda" and other Soviet papers
while sharing United States papers
such as THE New York Times"
with other delegates. noted that
Western newsmen, particularly
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-20
How Many in U. S.
Are Red Comrades?

munist Party claims only about
rs million members out Of q
220 million population. Red
China repeatedly has only II mil
lion Communist Party members
among It's $50 million people. Mr.
Khrushchev has boosted that the
party has more than 80 million
members throughout the world.
The State Department makes a
more conservative estimate Of 81
million.
Votes for Browder
The party in this country polled
46.25l votes for its 1910 presiden-
tial candidate. Earl Browder. That
was the last national election in
which 1t had q slate.
The Communist Party has not
been declared illegal either by
Congress or the Supreme Court.
It nevertheless has become in
creasingly hemmed In by congress
sional enactments and admins
trative moves within the last 10
or 20 years. beginning with the
still controversial and contested
Smith Act Of 1910.
Yet for more than six years in
the courts 1t has managed to stave
OF Subversive Activities Control
Board order to disclose member
ship figures and finances.
The Smith Act makes it q crime
for a person to become or remain
a member Of any group that
teaches, advocates or encourages
the overthrow of the Government
by force or violence, while know
ing that purpose.
The Court Decision
House Committee Chairman
Walter. Democrat Of Pennsylvania.
is among legislators and other
Government officials who have
criticized some Supreme Court
decisions as being Of comfort to
Communists. But he and others
interpret the Barenblatt decision
last June as holding that the
Communist Party is not q politi-
cal party as we understand politi-
cal parties in this country" and
accordingly is not entitled to be
so treated.
If it were q grevious fault for
Mr.. Khrushchev to call National
Press Club members and guests
comrades" he quickly answered
it by substituting gentlemen" to
be on the safe side. Then he added:
II hope there are some people
among the Americans present who
would not protest II would ad-
dress them as comrades, too"
It would appear that Mr.. Khru-
shchev was ION the safe side" in
assuming that at least some thou
sands Of Americans on the sur
face, II not on the level, and
others in the underground could
effectively but quietly respond to
his greeting to comrades.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-20

from the UnlLe0 states, naQ been
forcibly prevented from covering
meetings Of the United States par
Elephants, and reminded them that
they had called for free movement
Of reporters in other parts Of the
world.
The room had grown silent. One
Of the festival aides halted me and
asked for my delegates card. I did
not object and showed it to him,
but at the same time announced
to the seminar that I had been
questioned, apparently because
what I was saying was not what
the Communists wanted them to
hear. / asked why previous speak
.rs had not been requested to show
their cards.
My listeners talked among them
selves for a moment, my card was
returned and continued. From
that point, however, the German
translation became spotty, was
later told, and the French halted
altogether.
Each pro-Red speech following
mine held some attack on my
proposal. and in some cases me
personally. The Soviet editor OF
Komsomolskaya Pravda, ques-
toned whether the reason I wanted
all papers distributed was to per-
NIT sex and crime stories in West
ern newspapers to be circulated
among youth of the socialist"
countries. He later added there
was freedom Of the press at the
festival. "the delegates had the
right to read or not to read the
festival newspaper"
rson-to-Person Move
Our participation in the jour-
nalism seminar was one example
of what anti Communist partici-
patton at the festival could ac-
complish. In another field. our
group attempted to establish per-
sonal relationships with Africans
and Asians.
The effect Of such person-to-
person discussions is not imme-
diately noticeable. The Commu-
mist who receives new information
concerning the West does not &C
cept it at once as truth and
then reject all that has been
taught him by his Red instructors.
doubt If any political CONVEX
sions" as such were accomplished
at Vienna.
The festival had a different
type Of positive effect for me
as an individual. 1t put me face
to-face with the international
Communist at work, made me
respect the effectiveness of his
methods. and search myself for
the answer to combat it. And
while the Communists talk of
easing tensions on the world dip
lomatic front through visits such
as the current one, they step up
activities such as the festival as
their offensive weapon during
times of peace.
Our answer must be encour-
'agement of foreign student Wis
its to the United States, along
with more contact on an inter-
national level by American uni
versity students. Secondly, we
should follow up the precedent at
Vienna and prepare other groups
to attend pro-Communist inter-
national meetings when they
occur.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-20
PROPAGANDA VS.. CULTURE
PROPAGANDA VS.. CULTURE
Red Youth Festival: A Personal Memoir

estimated at about rs, heavily
represented New York and Los
Angeles. Another so Of the Amer
leans would be claSSed fellow
Travellers" or more appropriately,
naive kids. For the most part
they were college students in their
late teens, lured to Vienna nv
the low cost. and vast array Of
culture" offered by the Rec les
tival. And culture there was-8U
free performances a day With the
Leningrad ballet. Moscow Sym
phony, Picking Opera and world
famous folk dance groups.
The majority of Americans,
over ITS in number were anti
Communist and worked to expose
tight Red control Of the festival
and combat the propaganda that
was neatly intertwined with the
cultural events.
The Communists for their part
were determined to harrass this
anti-Red group to cut down their
effectiveness with other delegates,
particularly those from Africa and
Asia.
lndividuoI Cobins
The Reds began to implement
this tactic almost from the mo-
ment Of our arrival. The girl who
arranged our charter plane flight
was taken from the airport by
festival of1cials after being lured
into their car on the suggestion
they drive around the hangers.
She reappeared two hours later.
The rest Of US were herded
aboard two Hungarian buses. As
we rushed through empty Vienna
streets at 2 am, Q Negro. intro
ducing himself a. Dick" passed
out mimeographed forms. These
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-20
Nv ROBERT X. WALSH
star stan Writer

Soviet Premier Khrushchev's
supposed slip Of the tongue In
saying comrades" ct the National
Press Club might be written of
as one Of those inaccuracies or
exaggerations that plague even
the most careful campaigners.
From the standpoint and view
point Of the far greater American
audience that heard him or later
read his remarks. however. he
raised a question that he himself
might have trouble answering.
How many Americans are Com
munist comrades?
The Federal Bureau of Investi-
CATION, the House Committee on
Un-American Activities, the Sen
ate Internal Security Subcommit-
tee and others have never
answered 1t ofilcially.
Unofficial estimates range all
the way from about $4,000 to well
into the hundreds Of thousands.
In a recent book on communism,
FBI Director ]. Edgar Hoover
placed present membership at
less than $780," Most Govern
ment officials declare that the
exact total is not known and prob
ably cannot be known.
Such comradeship is Just too
complicated to calculate its total.
Like the iceberg, the Communist
Party in the United States along
with its below-the-surface people
has a scope, size and sharpness
that bears constant watching, but
almost defies precise measure
ment.
Doesn't Seek Numbers
The comparatively small Com
munist Party in this country does
not seek quantity membership. Its
dedicated core relies not only on
the underground but on numer-
Gus fronts and fuzzy minded or
deliberate fellow travellers as well
as the more or less open party
organization.
Mr.. Hoover recently reported to
the House Appropriations Com
mittee, that 155 known or sus-
pected Communist front or in
filtrated organizations are under
FBI investigation.
There is every Indication" he
said, that its various behind-the-
scenes tactical efforts to infiltrate
all segments Of American society
will continue with unrelenting
vigor in the future. Many dedi-
Gated Marxists are not card
carrying members Of the party"
The FBI and staff experts Of
congressional committees know
pretty well who's who in the
Communist apparatus above and
below ground in the United
States. But they caution against
putting emphasis on mere num-
bers.
Even in Soviet Russia the Com
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-20
BY WALTER PINCUS
ContributinG Writer

Groups Of Russians strolling
through Washington last week
took me back to 4 am. last July
25th. when I YEARLY climbed from
a bus and in the gray Vienna
dawn stared up at a huge, red
Soviet banner and attached sign
which proclaimed "FRIEDEN UND
FREUNDSCHAFT" peace and
Friendship.
1t was the first Of 10 days dur
ing which I argued. listened and
plotted" as a participant in the
Communist-run Seventh World
Festival Of Youth and Students.
I went to the propaganda show
knowing well its political back
ground, but along with more than
100 fellow Americans. I was intent
on presenting a pro- United States.
anti Communist point of view to
those at the Red fete who would
listen. In turn, I wanted to listen
to what other people had to say
about themselves, their countries,
and the United States.
The festival is a massive opera
ton. The Reds worked two years
in planning 1t, spent more than
$24 million in producing it,
brought together $4,000 people
from all over the globe to take
part in it, and staged over 800
cultural performances during
Today period to make it legiti-
mate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-20
Some Old Youths"

The fact that 1t was billed as q
youth" festival did not hold down
the age Of the participants. The
East German leadership was over
so. The Russians were reported to
average 80, and the Americans
about "a.
Early the second morning Of
the festival, noticed q tall. husky
Negro, about q. dressed in Q blue
sport shirt and khaki trousers,
standing outside the United
States mems dormitory.
He smiled when I introduced
myself. He said his name was
Paul and underlined 1t with q
firm handshake.
For 20 minutes we talked, first
Of Vienna, then Of the festival.
He spoke what we called party
line" The festival was not Com
munist, he said, just q meeting
Of representative youth from all
over the world dedicated to peace
and friendship. (How the Com
munists loved those two words)
Our discussion grew sharper,
leaping from atom testing to Ber-
lin to school desegregation. He
introduced the well-known Com
munist theories. parted my re-
plies and I lodged his mis-
statements. A crowd gathered
about us, people took sides and
soon the discussion had got away
from us, but not before it HAD
given me my first introduction to
the young prof. Communist on his
home grounds Communist fes-
tival.
Hard Core Leader
He was one perhaps the
leader, Of q hard core Of Com
munist party liners in the group
Of 322 registered United States
festival participants. His group,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-18

/ After the verdict Mr.. Liber'
ace hurried through a thronl
of women fans. some Of whom
cried. well DONE He wa!
driven to the nearby Savoy
Hotel and Immediately tele'
| phoned the good news to hi
mother in California.
Downstairs in the Savoy
Grill Mrs. Friend and two
companions were having tea.
Il just wanted to shake Lib
erace's hand and congratulate
him." she told newSmen. But
when she called his hotel room
he had left to appear at g
theater in suburban Chiswick
Bubbling Over
OF her smiles and mods In
the courtroom, Mrs. Friend
said:
"Oh, dear. I hope I didn't
do anything wrong. Poor Lib
Grace looked so terribly tired
and / was tremendously thrilled
with our verdict. I was bcb-
bling over with 1t. but / didn't
realize / winked at him.
But / just can't help show.
ing my feelings. ! am q very
emotional person. ANY woman
would have done the same.
always liked him. and ] thinl
he is q real sInasher."
Mrs. Friend FASTENED to add;
"Of course / didn't let my feel
ings prejudice me while / wa:
sitting on the jury"
At Chiswick. Mr.. Liberact
told a cheering audience:
ut mas been said many times
ladies and gentlemen. that
English justice Is the fairest ir
the world. I am absolutely con-
WINGED Of that now"
He took a seat at the piano
adorned as usual with his
candelabra trademark, theI
quipped, ITS good to sit on
a soft bench for a change"
A woman in the orchestra
shouted back: Come down
here If you want a softer one.