davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05
Wping Out Completes Of the Old Systems
First Step on Africo's Way to Democracy

sentative military junta took
charge and ended representative
government.
1t does not follow that the Sudan
was not ready for independence.
1t does indicate that SIS years is
not enough time to impose an
alien political concept on a non
industrial society which lacks a
middle class and has its own po-
litical traditions.
Ethiopia has never had democ-
racy and does not have it now,
despite the fact that Halle Selas-
sic allowed the country's first
general election last year. All
power is still firmly in the little
Emperor's hands and there it is
destined to remain for a good
many years to come. 1t is signifi-
cant that such democracy as does
exist has been imposed by the
Emperor, not demanded by the
people. Here. as elsewhere in
Africa, the strong man rules.
A somewhat similar situation
exists in Liberia, which was COL
onized by freed American slaves
and is the oldest republic in
Africa. The ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS,
as Liberians Of American descent
are called, were an alien minority
on an unfriendly shore. Their
very existence depended upon
their allegiance to a man strong
enough to control them and the
hostile native tribes. What was
once a necessity has become a
political habit. The True Wings
are Liberals only political party
and President Tubman, the cigar
chomping bon vivant who has
ruled the country since 1912 this
year received the approval of more
than $4,000 voters for another
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05

continues to exert strong inf1u-
ence in Cyprus through the EOKA
elements who fought under him.
These EOKA remnants recently
banded together to form a right
wing political front named EDNA.
II do not think he is issuing d.
rect instructions to them" Arch
bishop MakarioS said. II do know,
however, that EDNA leaders go to
Athens very often to see Grivas.
"If it should ever be a test
between GrivaS and myself" Arch
bishop Makarios' smiling gentle
ness dropped swiftly, briefly, as he
leaned intently over the Uttered
desk in his shabby small Office,
II am quite sure that these EDNA
boys viii obey me. :"
Resentment Over U. N.
Asked if he still felt disappoint-
ment that the United States had
refused to back the Cypriot cause
before the United Nations, Arch
bishop Makarios raised an eye
brow and corrected coolly:
Not just disappointment. The
word should be resentment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05

continued from rage D-1
ruled directly on this point. Its
specific finding in last weeks case
was on a narrower issue: neither
the President nor Congress au-
thorized the provision in the Sc
curity program for Defense work.
ers which denies the right of con-
formation, therefore the reStric-
ton is illegal.
The implications were much
broader, however. With Justice
Stewart endorsing the view of the
liberals that the right of con-
formation is a relatively i'm
mutable" principle of American
law, it now appears likely that
the Government will eventually
be ordered to apply the principle
to all Of its security programs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05

On attaining independence,
India appropriated the institu-
lions Of parliamentary democracy,
though it was eclectic. It has Dor
rowed parliamentary government
from the United Kingdom, and a
rigid Constitution and the vital
role of the Supreme Court as the
custodian of liberties of citizens
from the United States. And it is
now discovering that the pyramid
Of representative government can
achieve strength only to the ex-
tent it has as its broad base par
ticipating democracy.
India, no doubt, is now throb-
bling and pulsating with life. 1t
has gone twice through the big
gest democratic elections in the
world, with $50 million voters par
ticipating. The second five-year
plan, aimed at economic uplift
of the people, will be completed
next year and will be followed by
many more.
However, Indian leaders have,
Of late, been doing little bit of
understanding. Congress Party
President Indra Gandhi (who is
Mr.. Nehru's daughter) has asked
her party leaders to remember
that they were faced with a "cri-
sis in nations life" They had
to forge ahead, she said, with
"vision and determined will;
otherwise their decline would
be rapid"
Personality Cult
According to Republican Party
President Shivaraj, though Mr..
Nehru is not responsible for the
personality cult" around him, it
has, nevertheless, persisted all
along. This, he said, was now af-
fecting the country's demo-
cratic life"
Socialist Leader Jai Prakash
Narayan has blamed the political
parties for the present turmoil
and Illustration" in the country.
After the attainment of freedom,
he complains, public life has
ceased in India" People are
merely interested in capturing
the government and running it,"
India has a mushroom growth
of political parties. There are, at
present, four all-India and 16
state parties recognized by the
Election Commission. Two all
India and IL state parties lost
recognition last year as they
could not get 3 per cent or more
of the votes cast during the 1857
general elections.
This multiple division of votes
did not produce sound results.
For instance, the Communists
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05
BY MARIE GREBENC
Contributing Writer


NICOSIA, Cyprus.-Archbishop
Makarios, head Of the interim
government here, is expected to
announce this week that Cyprus
will remain within the sterling
zone.
= IT am awaiting a report from
an advisory committee. but I
know they will favor the sterling
area, as I do myself" the arch
bishop said. He indicated also he
probably will favor an eventual
bid for Cyprus membership in the
British Commonwealth of Nations.
In an unusually candid, 90
minute interview in his crumbling,
yellow stone palace here, Arch
bishop Makarios also administered
his first public rebuke to Gen.
George Grivas, co-leader in the
four-year uprising against British
rule.
"Grivas will simply have to be
made to understand that it is I,
Makarios, and not Grivas, who is
responsible and in authority here
in Cyprus" the archbishop said
firmly.
Archbishop Makarios has been
irritated at sniping that has origi-
mated recently from Athens, where
Gen. GrivaS has been living since
his exile from Cyprus. Gen.
Grivas has complained about
being ignored in talks now being
held in London on details of the
Greek Turk British agreement
that will create an independent
Cyprus republic in February, 1860.
Concessions Charged
The former guerilla leader has
implied Archbishop Makarios is
being too lenient in concessions
to both Turks and the British.
The archbishop, richly bearded
and with an air of intense seren-
ity, chided the wiry little ex-EOKA
leader much as a parent would a
hayward child.
"Grivas very often speaks with
out knowing the facts" Arch
bishop MakarioS explained pa
tiently. He is an emotional man,
easily Swayed by what people tell
him. He should not listen to
everything those around him say.
I'm the next few days, shall
have to write to him that he must
be more careful in what he says
about what we are doing here"
he added. "Of course, cannot
tell him directly to be quiet :"
Archbishop Makarios may be
concerned about Gen. Grivas' po-
litical intentions in Athens. There
is strong speculation that Gen.
Grivas, riding on a crest Of hero
acclaim following his role in the
Cyprus rebellion, intends to enter
politics in Greece, perhaps in
September or October.
Il believe it would be a serious
mistake for him to enter politics."
the archbishop declared.
Nov, Grivas has very large
personal prestige" he gestured
with thin, expressive hands. HE
is a hero. Nobody criticizeS him.
1T would be very unwise of him
to give this up for politics-where
he will be suddenly much more
vulnerable,
Praises Greek Premier
With equal elaboration, he
praised Greek Premier Constan-
tine Karamanlis, who has been
greatly credited for his part in
bringing an end to the bloody
Cyprus fighting.
"Karamanlis, now, is a man
who is an honest politician-and
very clever" Archbishop Makarios
commented.
He admitted that a Grivas as
cendancy in Greek politics could
have much effect" on current
affairs in Cyprus. Some moder-
ates here fear such a develop
ment could revive extreme right
wing discomfort in the island with
terms of the Zurich and London
agreements.
The archbishop said Gen. Grivas
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05
Shift to Right?

The position Of Justice Stewart
in the two important constitu-
tional cases further complicated
attempts to appraise the degree
to which the Supreme Court
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05
BY SMITH HEMPSTONE
Contributing Writer

Less than three years ago there
we're exactly four independent
nations in Africa south of the
Sahara. BY the fall of next year,
at least II African states will be
represented in the United Ma
tons.
And this accounts only for those
territories definitely scheduled for
independence. The 10 autono-
nous republics of French Africa
can have freedom any time they
want it by obtaining a majority
vote in their well-disciplined leg
islatures. Three British terri.
tories and two Belgian depend
encies are also on the path to
self determination.
1t is becoming increasingly clear
that African political freedom is
not necessarily to be equated with
any added personal freedom for
the mass of Africans, that inde-
pendence does not automatically
equal democracy.
Not Enough Time
The Sudan Is case in point.
The Sudan had what was prob
ably the best British administra-
ton on the continent. From this
developed a reasonably efficient
and honest native civil service.
1t had a fine university, an edu-
Gated upper class, a budget bal
anced for the past Is years. When
the Sudan obtained its indie
pendence on January l, 1856, there
was every hope that it might de-
velop into a showcase of democ-
racy. Yet it lasted less than three
years in the Sudan before a con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05

bSAAAs 4AAo OREFCAAOAAS eOV - NSSNOs
Shad Tubman has done much to
extend the franchise to the tribes
but has been significantly quiet
on the question of a two-party
system.
Patriotism and LoyoIty
In Ghana American trained
Kwame Nkrumah came to power
through his skill in organizing
the diverse proletariat Of the
country. An opposition party CEN
tered on the cocoa country Of
the race-proud Ashanti tribe still
exists. But Nkrumah's attorneys
have pushed through bill which
gives the government the power
to jail any individual without
charge for up to five years and
to deport aliens without hearings.
Court rulings have been overruled
by legislative fiat. There seems
to be some confusion as to what
are Nkrumah's party funds and
what is national revenue. In
Ghana national patriotism is be-
coming identified with party 10y
atty and democracy seems fated
not to last for long.
Only one political party is
tolerated in Sekou Toure's Guinea.
If you vote, you vote for his party'S
candidates. Said Toure when
asked if a two-party system might
evolve:
"It is not our intention to
squander this chance of unity by
adopting a system which could
only reduce our political strength
and be a certain check op our
evolution"
In none Of the five independent
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05
Outlook Is Bod

SuttOON 10 OuU
The present independent ma
lions Of Africa are not very demo-
cratic and there is no reason to
think that those who get their
freedom next year or in the years
to come are going to be any more
so. What is taking shape is an
Afrocratic system which utilities
democratic institutions but draws
much Of its inspiration from ira
ditional tribal rule. This implies
limited freedom Of speech, irregu-
lar and semi-free elections, q one
party system and rule Of a strong
man as long as he is able to
command the allegiance of the
various power groups.
1t is often asked if Africa is
really ready for independence.
This usually means, even if it is
unSaid: "Are Africans willing and
capable Of running a Western
style democratic state on an eff
cient, honest basiS?" The answer
to that has to be no.
Africa is not capable Of de-
mocracy and efficiency at this
stage in her history. Liberal po-
litical theorists should remember
that democracy evolved out of
given set of circumstances to fit
the needs and aspirations of a
small portion Of the worlds popu-
lation at a set point in time.
Parallel circumstances, needs and
aspirations do not exist in goth
Century Africa.
This question, however, is not
really relevant. What Africa is
ready for, if only because she says
that she is and has the power to
make her will effective. is self
determination. Africa wants not
democracy but the right to rule
or misrule herself, not an efficient
civil service but a black one, not
habeas corpus but an end to for
eign rule. She has no devotion to
these alien concepts but only a
desire to wipe out her racial in
feriority complex. Africans want
to be recognized as men, not demo-
Gratis.
This is the dynamo which drives
African nationaliSm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05
NEARBY VOTES


ON~S "a AsAoA AclAAAg v IL 6l1Ald anu
West Virginia members of Con-
gress last week:
Senute
HR 5674. Authorizes $1,21I,270,-
900 for military construction in
fiscal 1860. Passage of the bill.
Passed 1913 ID 57-3; R 32-O),
June 30, 1859.
FOR: Byrd and Robertson, Democrats Of
virginia. Beall and Butler. Republicans
OF Maryland. Byrd and Randolph,
Democrats Of West virginia.
HR 1923. Tax Rate Extension
Act of 1859. Adoption of the con-
ference report. Adopted 57-35
Cd 25-35; r 32-0), June 90, 1859.
FOR: Byrd and Robertson, Democrats of
virginia. Bealll and Butler, Republic
esaGsns Of MARYLAND.
Vcrats of West virginia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05

black states south Of the Sahara
is there more than the form Of
democracy. The substance is
lacking. Given the history Of
African political development,
which has little more than so
years Of Western contact behind
it. 1t would have been unusual If
anything else had happened.
There is, of course, corruption
and ineficiency in these African
states just as there is in any coun-
try. But in Africa corruption is
perhaps more widespread than it
Is elsewhere.
Demands of the cIon
This in part is due to the African
social system in which any mem
Der Of the clan has the right to
financial assistance from a veal
thier relative. He doesn't ask for
such help, he demands it. And
the weather. relative must pay or
be oStracized by his family. AS
the result, an intolerable burden
is placed on the shoulders Of those
who have access to public funds.
Far greater stigma is attached to
refusing help to q less afiuent
clanSman than to stealing from
the government.
In addition, Africa, like most
underdeveloped areas, is afflicted
with poverty. Many legislators
have no other profession. 1t be-
comes imperative to them to re-
main in Office If possible, or at
least to make their period in power
financially profitable.
Efficiency is low for two reasons.
In the first place, there are not
enough adequately trained people.
In Guinea, man who was a
clerk a year ago may now be a
cabinet minister, a Judge, or the
head Of a government department.
Some African nations now realize
that. despite their boasts of a few
months ago, they are unable to
administer themselves. There are,
Tor instance, more whites in
Ghana now than there were be.
fore independence.
Secondly, the civil services
which exist in Africa were created
by the French and British along
the lines Of those existing in their
own countries. They are built
around the concept of an indie
pendent civil service free of
politics. This condition just does
not exist in Africa. If the machine
OF government wheezes and
groans. it is because an cupboard
motor is being used to power a
canoe.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-10-01
Bronze Markers Unveiled Sunday
At Historic Mennonite Sites

Two huge glacier deposited
boulders, weighing about two
tons each, now bear bronze
plaques marking the location of
the first Swiss Mennonite church
and the farm of the first Swiss
settler, Michael Neuenschwander,
established here in the early
1800's.
The markers were dedicated in
ceremonies Sunday afternoon by
a crowd of approximately 400
persons, mostly descendants of
the Swiss pioneers, who came
here seeking religious freedom
and fertile fields.
There were eight direct des-
cendants of Michael Neuen-
schwander present when the
stone was unveiled on what is
now the Harley Marquart farm
located on the Bixel road between
Fett and Phillips roads.
DR.. Harry Neiswander, Pan
dora physician, and a great
grandson of the pioneer settler,
made the principal address, and
Frank Neuenschwander and Rob.
ert Neiswander, also descend
ants, unveiled the marker.
Cast in bronze by Professor
Kassen retired Bluffton college
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-10-01

of Mr.. and Mrs. Mark Williams
and family.
Mrs. Calvin Heilman baked
over 100 loaveS of bread in prep
aration for meeting of the Wal
ly Byam caravan which will meet
at their farm Oct. 2, and 4.
Approximately 70 housetrailers
will circle the Heilman farm for
the three days. For the past four
years Mrs. Heilman has won top
honors at the Kenton fair for her
bread.
Orange township Farm Wo-
mems club enjoyed a luncheon
and visit to several Findlay in
dustries today, Thursday.
Robert Snodgrass Jr., of Gin
cinnati spent one day last week
with his parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
Robert Snodgrass Sr.
There will be a chartered bus
trip next Sunday, Oct. 4, to the
Cleveland Art museum. Anyone
interested in going may contact
Mrs. James Geiger of 657 Ewing
Continued on page 10)
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-10-01
Services Tuesday
For Sidney Huber

Funeral services were held
Tuesday afternoon in the Ba-
singer funeral home for Sidney
G. Huber, 70, route 2, VINO died
Saturday evening at his home
after a six weeks illness.
Born Sept. 13, 1889, in Bluffton.
he was the son of Joseph and
Elizabeth Ann (Boedicker) HUI
Der. On December 30, 1911 he
married Mabel Battles, who sur
wives.
Also surviving are daughters,
Mrs. Ruth Deitler, Bluffton; and
Mrs. Lillian Krautter, Mt. Cory;
a sister, Mrs. Paul Adams,
Youngstown and three grand
children.
A former member of the
Bluffton school board, he also
served as a Republican central
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-10-01

ates cards of cheer.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Lewis,
Mr.. and Mrs. Roy Arnold and
Mr.. and Mrs. Sam Varvel attend
ed birthday dinner, Sunday eve
ming in honor of Carl Saddler,
Waynesfield.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ned Sager of
Battle Creek, Mich, were guests
in the Frank Lewis and Sam
Varvel home, Saturday, as they
were enroute to Florida.
Wednesday visitors of Mr.. and
Mrs. Kenneth Donaldson were
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. L. N.
Beck and sisters, Mrs. Dean Viii
cox and Mr.. and Mrs. William
AlSpach of Fostoria.
Mr.. and Mrs. Elmer Long eel
ebrated their 34th wedding an,
niversary Sunday with a special
dinner out of town. In the after.
noon they were guests of Mr.. anC
Mrs. G. N. Long and son FREQ
of near Ada.
Mrs. Gladys Williams and sis
ter, Bernice Huber, spent the
last week end in Toledo, guests
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-10-01

art instructor, the marker was
inscribed: Home of Michael
Neuenschwander, the first Pho
neer of the Swiss Mennonites
who came to Ohio in the Spring
of 1888 and settled in Putnam
County"
The pink granite stone used
for the marker came from the
farm of former Hancock county
sheriff, Lyle Harvitt, near Je-
nera.
Ezra Moser acted as chairman
of the dedication program and
the opening prayer was given by
Hiram Kohl. The dedicatory
prayer in the Swiss dialect was
given by Philip Hilty.
At the site of the earliest Swiss
Mennonite church on the Francis
Niswander farm, at the corner
of Allen and Putnam county line
and Putnam county Road A, the
second marker was dedicated.
The plaque mounted on a gran
ite boulder carries a reproduc-
ton of the early log church and
is inscribed, "'Site of the First
Mennonite Church erected in Put
nam County, 1S40." The rock was
obtained from the Wayne Cherry
farm near Pandora.
Wilhelm Amstutz officiated at
the unveiling after an address by
DR.. Delbert Gratz, Bluffton col
lege librarian. DR.. GratZ spoke
on Historical Background and
Early Development of the Swiss
Community of Pandora, Bluffton.
Ohio Area"
Francis Niswander served as
chairman of the program. Scrip.
ture was read by Rev. Sylvan
Lehman, using the Rev. Chris.
tan Steiner's German Bible. The
Rev. John Suderman gave the
prayer in the Swiss dialect, anC
those still living, who attended
services in the early church
were recognized.
Included among those who haG
attended services in the frs
Mennonite church of this area art
Ezra Amstutz, Joshua Amstutz
Katie Basinger, Sarah Basinger
Bertha Diller, Mrs. Names Ger
Der, Amos Hilty, Mrs. Josephine
Moser, Memo Schumacher, Mrs
Memo Schumacher, Jesse Stein
er, Mrs. c. D. Hilty, Mrs. Fannie
Amstutz, Albert Lugibill. Amo!
Thut.
Susan Diller, Henry Habegger
Ed Steiner, Mrs. Mary J. Pifer
Miss Sarah Basinger, Mrs. Eliz
abeth Amstutz, Mrs. Carolin,
Basinger, Lazarus Basinger, Mrs
Albert Steiner, w. J. Luginbill
David Niswander, Mrs. Philil
Hilty, E. E. Bucher, Miss Minni
Amstutz and Miss Mary Diller
The dedication service include,
the dedicatory prayer by the Rev
Wilmer Shelly, music by a mike,
choir, and the sermon by tn
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-10-01
Beaverdam

Sgt. and Mrs. Dwight M. Car
ey and daughters of Massillon
spent the week end with his par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. Eugene Car
ey.
Mrs. L. A. Johnson and son
Tom of Lombard, H., spent the
week end with her mother; Mrs.
E. c. Pfeifer and spent several
days with Alvan Sherrick and
Mrs. Alice Pfeifer of Lima, re-
turning home Sunday.
Beaverdam Lions club met last
Thursday evening with dinner at
Glenn's P. K. restaurant and
business meeting at Stanley Vert
ner's home.
Mrs. E. ]. Marquart, who re-
turned home from Findlay hos
pital, is somewhat improved and
is able to have company. She is
still a bed patient and appreci'
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-10-01

The Rev. w. D. Kantner Of
ficiated at funeral services with
burial in Maple Grove cemetery.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-10-01

committeeman. He was secretary
of the Farmers Grain company
for 40 years.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-10-01

/ have been associated with
Chevrolet for the past 10 years,
and / am convinced this is our
year of years. The triple intro
duction of the Luxurious go
Chevy, the revOlutiOn ary
Corvair, Americas first modern
rear engine car, and the new
durable Chevy trucks will make
automobile history.
Don't miss this triple attrac-
tion. 1t will be the talk of the
town and of the nation.
You're invited to a ringside seat
Friday and Saturday.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1959-10-01

Rev. Waldo F1ickinger, The clos
ing prayer was given by the
Rev. Jacob Friesen.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1959-02-13
chuIo A;shIishts
XMginius Clements
Off On 4 Trip

Mr.. and Mrs. George Robert Oh
accompanied Mr. and Mrs Viz
ginius Clements to Byrd Airport
Sunday to see Mr. Clements off
On a trip to Philadelphia
Mrs. Ray jenkins was hostess to
Moore's WSCS ladies Wednesday
night. Due to the bad weather only
five members We're present MIS-.
Agnes Barnard led the spiritual
program and Mrs. Josephine 0s-
borne the main program The fro
zen dessert and hot coffee .geally
hit the spot
Mrs. Ola Mae Mcmillan Visited
Mrs. syble Dodson Monday after
noon
Mn and Mrs. Mallory Denny and
MI. and Mrs. Bernard Hastings en-
joyed several dasy in Milbourna
Fla. They visited several spots Of
interest and marvelled at the idea
Of picking oranges off Of the trees.
We are sorry to hear Barnard
Hastings lost Several fingers in an
accident