davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-01
Khrushchev Predicts Burial
OF CopitoIistic System

LONDON, June / (AP) 500
Wet Premier Khrushchev has
again coupled a theat OF total
destruction for the West in the
event Of war with q prediction
of capitalism's inevitable de-
feat.
In a speech in the Albanian
town Of Wore. Mr.. Khrushchev
warned last night that any at
tack on the Soviet bloc would
be "tantamount to suicide" and
he said that the vests "reck-
less" policies were Fastening
"the time when mankind will
be able TO bury capitalism
deeply"
mo matter how much aging
capitalism is trying to prolong
its existence. 1t is doomed be-
cause 1t will be replaced by the
new victorious system = COM
munism," Mr.. Khrushehev de-
clared.
Industry Cited
He also promised again that
Russian industrial might would
eventually outstrip Americas
industry.
Earlier announcement was
made of q Joint Soviet Albanian
communicate en- world policy.
signed in Tirana by Mr.. Khru-
shchev and Albania's red boss,
Enver Hoxha.
The communique failed to
state the reason for the pre-
mier's visit to the tiny Adriatic
country, but repeated standard
Communist calls for an end to
colonialism, Red China's seat
ing in the United Nations. re-
duction of foreign troops In
Germany, and signing OF a nom
aggression pact between the
North Atlantic Alliance and the
Communist Warsaw Pact coun-
tries.
1t also urged the establish
ment of a central European
zone free of nuclear and rocket
weapons and said there were
improved prospects for an end
to world tensions. The latter
was borne out. it said. by the
foreign ministers conference
now taking place in Geneva
and by the agreement to hold
summit talks to examine out
: standing questions"
It added that both Albania
and Russia found the most I'M
portant questions now awaiting
settlement were the conclusion
of a peace treaty with Germany
and the abolition of the occu-
patton regime in West Berlin.
The communique contained
one unusual feature. an express
sion of willingness to continue
developing relations with Yugo-
slayia Zen the basis Of mutual
respect, equality and noninter-
ferences in each others internal
affairs"
The Soviet bloc and Yugo-
slavia have been on the outs for
months because Of Yugoslav
President Tito;s insistence on a
policy and brand Of commu-
nism independent Of the Krem-
Inns dictation. Albania is Yu-
goslavia's neighbor on the
southwest.
The communique also re-
peated Mr.. Khrushchev's fire.
uuent warnings against the es-
Enlistment of unlted states
rocket bases In Italy and
Greece. 1t denounced sugges-t
tions that the old Balkan pact
of Yugoslavia. Turkey and
Greece be revived and called
for resumption of normal dip
lomatic relations between |
Greece and Albania.
Although the communique
indicated the major business Of
Mr.. Khrushchev's visit was
over, Tass reported that the
premier and his defense min
lister, Marchal Rodion Malinov-
sky, would stay in Albania an
other few days. i
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-01
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-01
Tight ReinBalck
On Paraguay
BY BRIAN BELL
Associated Press star Writer

BUENOS AIRES. June L.
Paraguay's brief experience in
more liberty under Dictator Al
fredo Stroessner is over. at
least for the present.
An attempt by the govern
ment to raise bus fares In
Asuncion by less than two cents
provided the spark that even
tually caused Gen. Stroessner's
iron hand to come crashing
down again.
Gen. Stroessner dissolved
Paraguay's one-house Congress
and reimposed the state OF
siege--modified martial law
which had been lifted only a
month ago. Informed sources
said IS or Is congressman had
been arrested, including some
from Gen. Stroessner's own
Colorado Party. The admins
tration said only three legis-
lators were being held.
Last Remaining Dictator
Gen. Stroessner lifted the
state Of siege only q month ago.
Il had been in force for is years
except for brief periods. There
was talk Of a step toward de-
mocracy. Gen. Stroessner was
elected President without OPP
position and Is often called
South Americas last remaining
dictator.
Gen. Stroessner has been I'M
der pressure from many quar-
tiers both in and out of the
country. including the United
States which has supplied Para
quay with $2l million in aid.
The government chief prom
ised to relax other restrictions.
Diplomatic sources said they
had been told he would issue
DEGREES providing for freedom
of the press and amnesty for
political exiles in the near
future. -
legislators Seized
Today Paraguay is not only
back under. a state Of siege. 1t
has no Congress and nearly half
the legislators may be locked
UP. Student leaders whose
clash with police touched of
all the trouble say so Of their
number are behind bars.
The latest developments indi-
cate that Gen. Stroessner not
only has decided Paraguay is
not ready for democracy but
that he also has decided to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05
By WILLIAM HINES
Star Science Writer

The Stars artist who designed
our space chart found out the
hard way what many in the Cap
ital knew inStinctively:
That the Nations organization
for space is thing of infinite
completely.
It took Artist Fang Auerbach
month of researching and confer
ring to produce what is certainly
the first comprehensive picture of
how the Government has set up
it's space activities. other efforts
have been made-even by COM
mittees Of Congress - without
achieving the completeness of the
"Space Maze" above.
Yet an objective evaluation of
Mr.. Auerbach'S chart would have
to include the comment that, even
so, it is a gross oversimplif1cation
of the true situation. To draw a
better picture, he would have had
to devise a third dimenSional (per-
haps even a fourth dimensionaD
drawing technique. To produce
more realistic chart, he would
have had to show in rigid lines
and frozen boxes the rivalrieS and
jealousies, the jockeyings for po-
sition, that becloud and bedevil
the national space effort. To criti-
CHE him for failing in these re-
Spects would be to chide him for
not achieving the impossible.
The chart is in no sense a lam
pooh of an organization that has
grown too big too fast. 1t is a
serious working diagram of the
space organization as it existed
at the close Of business last Tues
day, when Fiscal 1859 ended.
Chonges Still Being Made
So fluid is the space picture
that at least two changes have
taken place since then. Project
Centaur, an Air Force project
under Defense Department SUI
pervision, has been transferred to
the Civilian Space Administra-
ton. And the role of the Civilian
Military Liason Committee has
been changed from a permissive
to a mandatory one where arbi-
tration Of differences between the
Pentagon and the Space Agency
is concerned.
AS an example of how the chart
may be used, consider the Man
in-Space effort, known as Project
Mercury" If it is desired to trace
the relations of various agencies
involved in Mercury, and to learn
how Mercury fits into the space
picture, here is how to do it:
Locate Mercury in the group Of
projects at the right of the chart.
The solid command line leads up
to the, National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, which is in
charge of the project. NASA is
directly under the President, who
is chairman of the nine-man
Space Council which also includes
NASA's Administrator.
Under NASA is a line Of six
boxes, the Space Agency's prin-
cipal research stations. All Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05
Canada Nay Change
Royal Tour Style

During the past fortnight I
have twice Travelled as part of the
press encourage accompanying the
Queen-first when she and Presi-
dent Eisenhower formally opened
the st. Lawrence Seaway. and
again last week when she visited
Ottawa. I found that things are
not going exactly swimmingly.
The Queen and her husband
came to Canada with the idea of
moving about with as little for
mality as possible, and meeting
Canadians on the latter's terms.
This worked quite we'll during the
first weeks visit to the Atlantic
hinterland. The people of New
foundland, with their reverential
attitude towards royalty, and the
people of Labrador, with their
frontier friendliness and dignity,
conducted themselves impeccably.
But sophisticated Montrealers
acted as though a couple of circus
freaks were being exhibited for
their entertainment. At a civic
ball in Montreal the elite of local
society crowded about the Queens
table and gawked so embarrass-
ingly that after two dances the
Queen and her husband left, knit
ing through the local Doors behind
a flying wedge of relocated Ca
madam Mounties.
On each of the As days the
Queen and Prince Philip will travel
an average of 1913 miles and shake
100-odd hands, while holding to
a tight schedule of public appear
ances that demands of them al
most superhuman concentration
on maintaining an air Of smiling
eagernesS and interest.
They wouldn't be human if at
times their annoyance didn't show
through. From time to time re-
porterS have caught cauStic
royal comment or a sharp ex-
change between husband and
wife. Throughout one luncheon
the Queen visibly sulked, but
eventually was jollied out of her
bad humor by her husbands quipS.
After President and Mrs. Eisen-
hover Joined the Queens party
and spent the afternoon sailing ur
the seaway with the Queen anc
Prince Philip and Prime Minister
and Mrs. Diefenbaker there was
a feeling that the rest of the toul
would be anti-climactic; that this
meeting of the two heads of STATE
at the opening of the great inter
national seaway was the most i'm
portant event of the royal visit.
The Queen described the joint!
built Seaway as "a magnificent
monument to the enduring friend
ship of our two nations and Il
their partnership in the develop
ment of North America"
At a time in history when Nortl
America is freedoms stronges
fortress and when the two neigh
bors need each others support a
never before, that friendly part
nership was emphasized for all tn
world to appreciate and reflect or
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05
BY WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y. -
Camp Nellingen in Stuttgart, Ger
many is the first refugee camp
to be closed in World Refugee
Year. The U. N. hopes that by
the time the year is over-on
June 80, 1960-every DIP camp
in Europe will be closed, and
hundreds of thousands, if not
millions, of refugees in other parts
of the world will also see an end
to the suffering they have
endured.
The world opened up its heart
to the 1893, 1000 Hungarian refugees
who fled from Soviet brutality in
1856. Inside of six months three
quarters of them had been given
new homes in a tremendous out
pouring of kindness and hospi-
tally. But every year, 100000
people flee into West Germany
from exactly the same Commu-
mist tyranny, applied in slow mo-
tion-and much of the world does
not seem to care.
There are at least $4,000 IT,
betans in India, 10000 Algerians
in Tunisia and Morocco, $4,000
Arabs in the Holy Land, and nil
lions in Korea. Wet Nam, and the
Indian observation-disclosures Is
million in all, in score Of differ
ent places-who were uprooted by
fear or tyranny or upheavai OF
one kind or another. The world
seems to have forgotten.
But has it, really? World Refu-
gee Year is an effort to prove that
it has not, that people with COM
Portable homes and enough to
eat do care-but want someone to
show them how they can help.
Meaning Of Refugee Yeor
On this premise, the UN Cen
eral Assembly voted last Deem
Der to have Secretary General
Dag Hammarskjold coordinate
IL months of intensive. world
wide efforts by governments and
private individuals on behalf Of
refugees.
One of Mr.. HammarSkjold's
deputies, Claude de Kemoularia.
a sleek, dark haired F'renchman,
has been out ringing the worlds
doorbellS for the last six months,
making plans for the drive which
has now begun. He lined up So
countries and got them to promise
to help.
i In New Zealand. for example, a
house-to house collection is being
made in which every family in
the country will be asked to give
at least 81 ($2.80) or a days pay.
In England, where the idea Of
World Refugee Year originated. a
man wrote a letter to Sunday
newspaper asking for used stamps
to be sold for the benefit of
refugees during the year. Within
one week, he got $4,000 Of them.
No fewer than IS privattN or
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05
A WorId-Sized Job
In Refugee Year

ganizationS-believed to be the
largest number of voluntary agen-
cies ever to unite in a single cause
have got together in Geneva to
form an International Committee
for World Refugee Year. The
United States Committee for Ref.
ugees, with headquarters in New
York, is handling the drive in this
country.
First on the list of tasks the
UN has set for itself, is getting
permanent homes for 10000
people who have been human
driftwood, rotting in DIP camps
since the end of World War II.
The Hondieop Element
Resulting these people is hard
job, because many are hard core"
cases, people who are-coldly and
impersonally viewed-more OF a
burden than an asset to a ma
tional economy. They are old, or
crippled, or ill, or perhaps even
half blind; or some member OF
the family has one of these handi-
caps, and the rest of the family
will not leave them behind.
Family ties often become tighter
in times of adversely. There are
men in DIP camps who-healthy
themselves and eligible for emf
gration-would rather cut of
their right arm than leave a tu-
bercular wife behind.
"Oh, we have a home" said a
refugee child in one OF these
camps. "a very loving home. We
just don't have a house to put
it in"
There are always arguments
against admitting refugees to a
new country. even when they are
able bodied and well-educated.
They don't speak the language,
and may have trouble belong
ing; they might take jobs from
native workers. especially if there
is unemployment; they might up
set the religious balance, or the
voting pattern; there could be
housing problems; and it costs
money (about 81 900 to $1,000 to
transport a refugee family and get
it started in a new life.
Many of the worlds 100000
refugees have lost hope. What
sparks remain have been famed by
the launching, this past week, OF
World Refugee Year. If the year
were to fail, and those hopes were
to be quenched once again, they
might never be revived.
"Giue me your tired, your poor.
Your huddled masses yedrntng
to breathe free"
the Statue of Liberty proclaimed
anew this past week, as July 4 re-
minded Americans that their coun-
try was built by refugees.
"The tDretched refuse OF your
teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless,
tempeSt-toSSed to me;
! lift my lamp beside the
golden door,"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05
By GERALD WARING
Contributing Writer

OTTAWA.-The 45-day visit
that Queen Elizabeth II and
Prince Philip are making in the
Queens kingdom of Canada may
be the last visit to this country
under the old grand tour formal.
Prince Philip intimated this
only a week after the tour began,
when he suggested to reporters
that in future the Queen and he
would make shotgun visits" They
would take aim from London on
some particular part of Canada,
go there, travel about the area,
and then return to Britain. These
visits would be short, informal,
and could be fairly frequent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05
Anti-CopitoI
Song Hit
BY DON FRIFIELD


HONG KONG.-Capitalist song
writer's may be inspired by such
thoughts as moon" June" or
spoon" but the tunesmiths of
Red China write their best stuff
to the strains of dialectical ma
terialiSm.
The latest ditty to come jingling
out of Peiping's Tin Pan Alley
is something called loosely
you're Nothing But a Paper
Tiger" The you" means you
the capitalist, warmongering West.
you're Nothing But a Paper
Tiger" is the No. l hit song in
Communist China today. Here's
how it goes:
American imperialism is basil
cally a paper tiger,
Outwardly f1ourishing, inwardly
dried up.
You're opposed by the peace
loving people,
And by the oppressed;
You've put on your own neck
A hanging moose made by your
self.
Under your false tiger skin
There are numerous contradic-
tons.
You're mere nothing. Bah!
The popularity of a song is
largely determined by the man
rho controls the radio stations
record companies and Sheet-mu-
sic firms. In Red China these are
all controlled by one man-Mac
Tse-tung.
Through the Communist chair
of command. disc jockeys are
playing the hit tune with monoto.
nous regularity. And the publish.
ers are turning out enough sheet
music, to plaster the Great Wal
of China.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05
ORGANIZATION OR DISCRIMINATION?
Our Satellite Program

ing indications of wanting to get
into the act-an Advanced Re-
search Projects Agency was
created at the Pentagon to "co-
ordinate" military space activ-
tiles. A missile car, supposedly
already in business for just this
purpose, continued to function
alongside the new office.
A third Sputnik-this one as
big and nearly as heavy as a
Cadillac-brought official interest
in space up to a level approaching
hysteria. 1t was in this at
mosphere that the Administra-
ton wrote (and Congress rewrote
and hastily passed. a bill trans
forming the old National Advisory
Committee for AeronauticS into a
National AeronauticS and Space
Administration.
No sooner had NASA come into
being than a struggle between the
new agency and the Army'S mis-
sile builders began over facilities
NASA wanted the Army'S Red
stone team: the Army did not
want to give it up. In a COM
promise" NASA got the Armys
captive Jet Propulsion Laboratory
and special rights at Redstone,
but the Army kept the missile
team.
The Efforts Grow
Meanwhile, the space effort
proliferated. Captive laboratories
like JPL (Which had the advan-
tage of being able to pay scientists
wages higher than authorized I'M
der civil service) grew and grew.
The Navy had Johns Hopkins APP
piled Physics Laboratory at Silver
Spring; the Air Force had Space
Technology Laboratories at Ingle-
wood, Calf; even the Defense
Department itself had "IDA"-the
Institute for Defense Analysis
which repeatedly paid salaries up
to $4,000 a year to men working
in the Pentagon.
ARPA, originally created Cat
least in the understanding of some
legislatorS) as a stopgap agency
for one year from February, 1858,
continued - and continues - to
flourish. Yet even this agency
was not without its troubles. The
chief scientist (and No. 2 mani
of ARPA, suddenly turned up as
director of defense research and
engineering and promptly asserted
Jurisdiction over his former boss.
No one is quite sure today exactly
what the military picture is; Space
manship at the Pentagon seems to
be largely a game of personalities
In addition to the major agen-
cies active in space. numerous
other Federal Offices are in the
act or standing in the wings wait
ing to go on.
Changes seem to be made al
most daily in the space picture
To date most of the changes have
served only to complicate further
the battling space maze. 1t is
likely, however, that the pendu-
lum soon will begin to swing in
the other direction-toward some
simplicity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05
The Vanguard Experience

When the United States decided
to include earth satellites in it's
International GeophySical Year
participation, the mission of build
ing suitable bird" was given
to the Navy, over the loud pro-
tests of the Army'S Redstone mis-
sile team. Project Vanguard la
bored under the disability of being
a civilian enterprise under mill
tary management, and the prior
tiles given-or acknowledgement
were melted out accordingly.
After the launching of Rus
sia's first two SputnikS-and the
failure of Americas first VAN
guard-the Army team was
called in and orbited a 30-pound
Explorer. A matter Of week or
so later-with the Air'Force Civ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-05

these, excepting possibly the
High Speed Flight Station at Ed
wards, Calf, are cooperating in
Mercury.
Rocket Engine Project
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory
at Pasadena, Calif.-a captive
laboratory" of NASA-is partici-
pating, too, in that it designed
certain rocket engines that will
play a part in Mercury. The
dashed line leading from JPL to
the Army's Ordnance Missile Com
mand indicates a direct link
established by formal agreement
between those two agencies in
connection with development of
the rocket engines just mentioned.
A line of dots from NASA to
Army and to AOMC shows a CO.
operative arrangement between
the two departments. This link
is used in the Mercury program,
notably where my-designed
Redstone rockets will be used in
preliminary Mercury phases.
The dotted line between NASA
and Air Force is pertinent in the
Mercury setup in two ways: First,
the Air Forces Atlas rocket will
be the vehicle that will put the
first AStronaut in orbit, and Sec
ond, the Air Forces Missile Test
Center at Cape Canaveral, Fla,
will be the scene of the launching
of that epoch-making fight.
So the maze, however complex,
is threadable, and the space Or
ganization, however cumbersome,
is workable.
How did it get the way it is?
At f1rst-just after World War
II-Army Ordnance men began
experimenting with captured Ger
man W. rockets at White Sands
N. Mex. Navy and Air Force weap-
ons men became interested and
started projects Of their own. BY
l949 space travel-while still in the
dream stage-waS a respectable
enough concept to be spoken OF
officially. Secretary of Defense
Forrestal, in his first annual re-
port, referred to an earth satellite
program without going into any
detail
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-15

SUNDAY. THE MAGAZINE WASHINGTON, C. Ii
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-15

Comdr. Mahoney said divers are sub
jected to extreme air preSSures.
"A diver at 200 feet would be exposed
to over IA times the pressure on an aviator.
AS result. variety of ailments are con-
nected with diving. Fortunately, however,
few of our men get sick and very few die
from accidents either in training or on the
job with the fleet. 1 guess that's partly
because we're all pretty healthy to begin
with. The deep-Sea diving exam Is one
of the most rigid in the Navy. And we
have specially trained doctors to see that
our men stay fit.
But most credit goes to our strict
insistence on proper diving methods and
safe procedures"
The school has been in operation here
since 1926. Although deep-sea suits have
changed little in appearance since then.
diving know-how has steadily advanced.
With this newer, more adaptable
SCUBA gear and what we know about div
ing today, our graduates can do just about
anything required by the feet. They also
are called on to do jobs for police, the
FBI, and civilians in times of emergency"
the commander said.
About the only thing we don't do,
suppose. is write under water with those
pens so highly advertised"