davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05
Presbyterian
Church Officers
Are Organized

Sunday afternoon the board
of trustees of the Presbyterian
church met in the chapel and or
ganized for the year. Inasmuch
as the number of trustees was
increased to six, and four new
members were elected, the terms
of office for the new members
was decided as follows: Mike
Brienza, one year; Charles Evil
sizer, two years; John Parks and
Dwight Wiley, three years. Char
les Evilsizer was elected chair
man and Dwight Wiley, secre-
tary.
The fourth Monday in the
month was selected as the reg
ular meeting night, and the hour
Of 7::30 was decided upon. Robert
Sanford and Robert Moore are
the other two members of the
board.
The board members will be
divided into committees cover
ing the various responsibilities of
the board and thereby providing
each member with specific work
to conduct.
The board of deacons of the
Presbyterian church met on Sun
day afternoon also and organized
for the ensuing year. Mrs. Capt.
tola Love is to serve two years,
Willard Hickman, one year; Mrs.
Mary Iams and Donald Bates are
to serve the three-year terms.
Mrs. Iams was selected as the
vice-chairman and Mrs. Love,
the secretary.
The various areas of the
boards responsibilities were sur
veyed and starting plans begun.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05

business or non business.
Generally such losses of non
business property may be de-
Quoted only if the taxpayer item
ize his deductions on page 2 of
his 1859 income tax Form 1040.
However, under certain con-
ditions such losses are considered
as involuntary conversions OF
property, whether or not the
property was insured, if the
property was owned for more
than six months. Under these
certain conditions the loss may
be reported as capital loss.
Director LOCKER urges all
affected taxpayers to keep care
full records of their losses and
the cost of requirements and re-
pairs so that they won't overlook
essential items when the time
comes to prepare their income
tax returns for 1859. Invoices,
receipts, cancelled checks and
similar documents are important.
Photographs and appralsals
showing extent of damage or loss
may be particularly helpful.
LOCKER said that to be able
to prove that a loss was actually
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05

fund. They are as follows:
Treasurer of State, general
fund, county share of agriculture,
six months, $2,385,00; Journal
Leader, general, supplies, $21.25;
w. V. Archer, general, postage,
$4.00; Wright Typewriter Ex-
change, general, ribbon, $1.25;
Columbus Blank Book Co., gen.
eral, supplies, $3.50; Ella Russell,
general, cleaning mops and rags,
$1.O0; Lorenz Hardware, general,
janitor's supplies, SLIT; Ohio
Fuel Gas Co., general, gas,
$365.54; General Telephone Co.,
general, phone bills, S99.45; Don
aid Conaway, general, postage,
$500; Geo. N. Morris, general,
cleaning adding machines, $l4.28;
Shell Oil Co., general, sheriff's
account, 1892.
Ashland Oil Co., general,
sheriff's account, $44.07;, Orna-
mental Iron Work, general,
sheriff's account, $l1.46; Frank
Deeren, general, sheriff's ac-
count, $4.05; Wright Typewriter
Exchange, general, ribbon, SIPS;
DR.. S. A. Ricard and DR.. j. B.
Jenkins, general, Jail calls
$2l.00; Henry Bachman, general
x-ray and examination, $500;
Caldwell Implement and Supply
Co., road and bridge, supplies,
$79.40; Columbus Equipment Co.,
road and bridge, muffler and
shear pins, $44.82; Shell Oil Co..
road and bridge, gasoline, 1872;
The Lorenz Equip. Co., road and
bridge, supplies, S30.58; Mikes
Tire Shop, road and bridge, sup
plies, $18.04; Murray's Glass and
Seat Co., road and bridge, glass
$29.60.
w. c. DeLille Co., road and
bridge, oxygen and acetylene
$13.34; Farmhouse Chevrolet Co.,
road and bridge, supplies, $22.57
Goss Supply Co., road and
bridge, muffler, $12.53; r. T
Powell Sales and Service, road
and bridge, supplies, S14.07:
Hayes Service Station, road and
bridge, supplies, S104.86; Mari
eta Ignition, Inc, road and
bridge, supplies, Sll.65; The
Journal-Leader, road and bridge
supplies, $11.35; Worl w. Thomp-
son, road and bridge, supplies
$3.50; The Standard Oil Co., road
and bridge, supplies, S10.77;
Dutro Auto Parts, road and
bridge, supplies, $72.55; R. T.
Powell, Sales and Service, road
and bridge, repairs, $25.65; Noble
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05


Paul G. McGlashan, treas
urer, rent, $4,000; Delbert Knox.
$1.54; Violet Morgareidge, clerk,
$400; Caldwell Implement and
Supply, $160; Joseph Buckley
hatchery, $500; Noble Jewelry,
$1.50; The Journal-Leader,
$3.50.
Malcolm Parks, fire chief,
$500; Columbus Blank Book
company, $5.25; Wright Type
writer exchange, $1.00; Willard
Radcliffe grocery, S3.25; Noble
Tractor Sales, $4,000; Colley's
Insurance, $500; Ohio Fuel Gas
Company, $128.62; General Tele-
phone Company, $l1.50.
Bills allowed from the parking
meter fund were as follows:
Chester Hayes Service, $7.40;
Edsel Reed Service, $32.58;
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05

States in the field of process
analysis and control. =
The following year Mason re-
ceived an award as Modern
Pioneer" for his accomplish
ments in the field of automatic
control from the National AS
sociation of Manufacturers COM
mittee on patents and research.
He was one of 500 inventors to
be so honored on the $50 anniver-
sary of the United States Patent
Office.
Locally, Mason is a member OF
Rotary International and is a
member of the board of Marietta
Memorial hospital.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05
State Monies
Total $5S,949
For orTheCounty

Noble county received total
of 8,949.79 during 1858 in local
government money for cities, viii
lagos, counties and townships,
according to a report this week
from State Auditor James A.
Rhodes.
Auditor Rhodes said the total
amount paid to local govern
ments over the state last year
was S2,260, ,443 more than went to
local governments in 1857.
All of the money that the state
collects from the intangible tax
paid by financial institutions
and dealers is returned to the
county of origin for the local
government fund.
The report also showed that
the neighboring counties received
the following amounts: Belmont,
1851 ,676.87; Guernsey, $l45,-
5O9.5s; Monroe, $49,728.25; Nor
gan, $61,251.44; Muskingum,
S315,$73.69 and Washington,
$349, 1880.
n n
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05
FARM SELLS

A farm of 99.67 acres in Olive
township was sold at sheriff's
sale Saturday morning in the
partition case of Lura E. Farley
versus Sophia Gray, ct. al. The
farm appraised at $1,000, was
sold by Sheriff Donald Conaway
to George Chicwak at his high
bid of $3,275. The former Gray
farm adjoins the Chicwak farm
lust northeast of the Caldwell
reservoir.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05

Federal income tax withheld
amounted to $2,663.51, according
to Sgt. Lee Truck, who is in
charge of the administrative work
of the unit.
The amount stated included the
regular weekly drill pay received
by members of the local ambu-
lance company and their two
weeks of actual field duty during
the summer months.
1t was pointed out by Sgt.
Truck that within the year per-
iod just passed, the local ambu
lance company had a number of
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05

enlisted personnel taking their
required six-months of active
duty training, and was not in
cluded as a part of the dispersed
wage.
This amount distributed in To-
cal business channels adds i'm
measurably to the Improvement
to the local economy as does any
other payroll, regardless of It's
classification.
The 1858 payroll exceeded the
previous years total by nearly
$1,000, SGT. Truck stated.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05
NAMED CHAIRMAN

Robert E. LorenZ OF the LorenZ
hardware, has been appointed
county chairman of Noble county
for the Ohio Hardware assocla-
ton by H. Taylor Zettler, OF Co
l1,mbus. association president
Mr. Lorenz will attend the
s5th annual convention at the
Sheraton Cleveland hotel IN
cleveland Feb. 8-11, where a
special meeting will be held Tor
all board members and county
chairmen to discuss the pro-
gram for the year.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05
NO SMOKING

The elders of the First Church
of Christ on North street have
gone on record against smoking
in the basement of the church.
even though it is being used for
social functions. They issued a
directive today that no smoking
would be allowed in the church
at any social function.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05
ADMITTED TO HOSPITAL

Mrs. Neva Swain, of Cald-
well route 3, was admitted Mon
day, Feb. 2 to the Cleveland
Clinic for observation and treat
ment.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05
Tobacco Marketing Quota
Vote For County Feb. "a

r. w. Dennis chairman of the Noble ASC county committee
today that Secretary of Agriculture Ezra Taft Benson
g. 1859 proclaimed national marketing for the 1859
hurley tobacco February "a the
referendum quotas for the three hurley tobacco
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05
Lowell Native Will Receive Honorary
Degree Al Marietta College, Feb. IA

inventor consultan to the petroleum industr!
will be awarded honorary Doctor of Science
College Founders ceremonies Feb
IA
Irvine today named Mason the fourth recipen
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05
Agricultural Services For Six Months
Allowed By County Commissioners

Noble county agricultural services this section
period by the Mon
day in the amount of $2,385.
general bills also allowed for payment including
but the majority from the road and bridge
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05
Noble County Property Owners May
DeductFIood Damages From 50 9Tax

will find that they deduct from 1859
property resulting from the
LOCKER District Director of the Columbus In
today These either
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05
Village Allows $l,095 For Payment OF
Tractor 5now-pIow To Local Concern

The village of Caldwell allowed bill the of
the Noble Tractor Sales for their
which is used to clean off the the village streets
Other bills allowed the January meeting of Caldwell
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05
Ambulance (ompany's Payroll Adds
ImmeasurabIy To Local Economy

According Capt Charles Coye who heads the local Ambu
lance Company National Guard total paid 1858
$l47276 estimated that approximately
persons in this payroll Distribution
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-02-05
AnMTTED TO HOSPITAL

Noah Pitts, Caldwell, was ad-
mitted last Thursday night to the
Guernsey Memorial hospital, !,
Cambridge, for observation ana
treatment.
Evening star., 1959-10-28

NEW YORK, Oct. % (AP)
The question of smoking got
quite an airing at a city council
meeting yesterday-and when
the smoke had cleared the
council had voted. Is to 6, to
make smoking in elevators
punishable by 500 fine or 10
days in the cooler.
reformed eX = smoker,
George H. Hearn, sponsored
the bill. Another non-Smoker,
Joseph T. Sharkey, council
Democratic majority leader,
was the chief orator in its
favor. He met plenty of op-
position.
Mr.. Sharkey reminded the
council that elevator smoking
is a fire hazard. And he
referred to the ungentlemanly
dangers posed to women's even
ing gowns from hot ashes
dropping in crowded lifts.
"Impractical!" cried Council
man Daniel Weiss of the bill
Mr.. Weiss smokes.
why not forbid smoking ir
lobbies, and in hallways?" he
asked. "The logical extension
Evening star., 1959-10-28
Miomi Integrotion Step
May Meet Opposition

MIAMI, Fla, Oct. 28 (AP).-
Miami Negroes are now free to
swim in municipal pools and
use other previously segregated
recreation facilities.
The city's pools. parks, ten
mis- courts and picnic areas were
desegregated yesterday by order
Of City Manager Ira Willard.
Some city commissioners
however, objected to Mr.. Will
lard's action. taken without
their prior knowledge.
IT am going to propose that
the city commission direct the
city manager to rescind his
order" said Commissioner Otis
Shiver. He. Commissioner Fred
C. Davant and Mayor Robert
Evening star., 1959-10-28

pools operated through the
afternoon and evening without
reporting a single Negro Gus
toner.
There's no use pussyfooting
about this thing" Mr.. Willard
said as he took the action.
Mr.. Willard. formerly city
manager OF Alexandria. Va,
and member of a family which
has lived in the South for zoe
years, said:
1T is established that these
people have the right to use
the city facilities and we must
meet the problems as they
develop"
City Attorneys Position
Mr.. Willard ordered the in
tegration after City Attorney
William Pallot said there is nc
legal difference between the
recreation spots and other pub
lie facilities which the United
Evening star., 1959-10-28

King High are up for re-elec-
ton next month,
Urges Careful Consideration
Mr.. Shiver said the action
should be considered carefully
"in the light Of its effect on
the welfare Of all our people
and the economy of our area" 4"
Mr.. Davant said he disap-
proved of Mr.. Williard's max
ing q decision Of this import
without discussing 1t with the
commission beforehand"
Meanwhile, there was no
rush of Negroes to the newly
integrated facilities. The ac-
ton was taken before noon
yesterday. but the six white
Evening star., 1959-10-28

States Supreme Court has or
dered integrated.
Miami already has the only
integrated public school In the
State. The city buses also are
desegregated. together with the
city-owned golf course.
State officials had little TO
Evening star., 1959-10-28
of Estimates and Mayor Robert

of Estimates and Mayor Robert
F. Wagner before becoming law,
"What about self-service ele-
vators? viii you have guards
on them or policemen" Mr.
Ross continued. Then he took
another drag on his Stogie.
Every man." he declared,
"is entitled to one vice"
In any case, smoking in ele-
vators was not the vice of the
councilmen at the meeting,
There are no elevators in City
Hall.
Evening star., 1959-10-28
Whether You Are Buying Wines
To Serve NOW or LATER

let Burks's be your guide in
reco gnizing wines of excellent quality
from Europe's finest vineyards! Burka's
is the first wine dealer in Washington
to 20 abroad to buy wines in great
quantities to mature in Burka's own
cellar.
And, what a magnificent wine cellar 1t
is-Housing over 100000 bottles of wine,
placed for proper aging, kept at an
unvarying temperature, and tasted at
regular intervals to determine maturity.
Now, at savings, stock up on imported
wines from BURKA'S!
Evening star., 1959-10-28
S1O0 Fine or Jail Voted
For Elevator Smokers

is to outlaw smoking in bed"
II rise to clear the smoke"
put in David Ross, drawing on
a large cigar.
1T is unenforceable." said
Mr.. Ross of the bill, which still
needs approval by the Board
Evening star., 1959-10-28
THE EVENING STAR AS
Washington. D. c. tt
Wednesday, October 70, 1859

say. Gov. Leroy Collins and
Attorney General Richard Er.
vim both referred to the de.
segregation as a local matter.
Evening star., 1959-12-20
.History's Helpers
By JIM BIRCHFIELD
Star Staff Writer

IF YOU visit the old building on West
Il minister's main street that serves as
headquarters for the Historical Society OF
Carroll County, Md, you'll meet Miss Lillian
Shipley, the society'S curator, who never
tires of telling visitors about her Western
Maryland county-both past and present.
As she shows you about the old house,
which contains most of the society's memo
rabilia accumulated over the last 20 years,
Miss Shipley will tell you of the many
projects of the society in recording the
county'S past events. And she will be sure
to tell you of the award the society received
10 years ago.
In 1949, Miss Shipley says the organ
ization was picked as the most outstanding
historical society in the area consisting OF
nine Southern States, and was given the
award of merit by the American ASsocia-
ton for State and Local History as the
outstanding local society.
And she enjoys telling of the visit to
Westminster of Alexander Graham Bell,
inventor of the telephone, and Of the con-
nection of his visit with the society's home.
Miss Mary Shellman, WestminSter's
first telephone operator, once lived in the
house now owned by the society. AS Miss
Shipley tells the story, Miss Shellman was
at work in the telephone office when Bell
came to inspect the Setup. Embarrassed
by the worn condition of the elbows of her
dress sleeves, she explained to the distin-
guished visitor that these were "the badge
of a telephone operator"
few days later, Miss Shellman re-
, 1959-08-31
approve the Boards findings.

approve the Boards findings.
Governor Merwin recently
approved Mr.. WalIace's trans
fer and appointed John r.
Scott, former principal Of the
Charlotte Amalie High School,
as Director Of the Recreation
Bureau.
Continued on page ~
, 1959-08-31
Miss June E. Tuitt
Ia Washington. D. g.
For Confubs

Miss Jane p. Tuitt, Assistant
Commissions Of Education, is
IN Washington attending 4
conference on the provisions
Of the National Defense Educa
ton Act.
Under this act the Virgin Is
lands and various states re-
eeive federal grants to bolster
their educational programs.
She IS expected back this
week.
, 1959-08-31
Sendtors, Stdff to
Attend Legislators
Confub in Colorado

The annual Legislators Con-
ference attended BY legisla-
tors from the various states
and territories and their staffs,
will be held at Denver, Colo
RADIO this year. The session
will open October s, and will
last for several days.
Senate President Walter I.
NJ. Hodge has selected Legisla-
tive Consultant Francisco Cor
metro, Executive Secretary AL
phonso Holder, Leroy Arnold,
head Of the st. Croix office
and Mrs. Floria Ortiz, a clerk
in the St. Thomas Office, to at
tend the sessions.
The legislator who Will
make the trip has not yet
been selected.
, 1959-08-31

salary, has appealed to the
Board Of Personnel.
The Board, which considers
the action a demotion, held
hearings On the case on Tues
day last. "A decision IS expect
ed shortly. It will be in the
form Of 4 recommendation to
the Governor who has the
power to approve Or dis
, 1959-08-31
.runklin Stores Muy
Open Brdnch in
ST. Thomos

The Franklin Stores, with
branches in the United States
and Puerto Rico, is planning
to establish a branch in ST.
if suitable space can
he obtained.
Representatives visited the
sister island recently to look
over the possibilities. The
store specializes in women and
children's wear.
, 1959-08-31
Wollace Appeals
Trunsfer to Lower
Position by Ed. Dept.

Viggo A. Wallace, who was
transferred recently from the
position Of Director Of the Vir-
gin Islands Recreation Bureau
to Supervisor of Recreation in
st. Thomas, at a reduction in.
, 1959-08-31

nh YMR SAINT cRo1 y s. VIRGIN ISLANDS MONDAY AUGUSTA 1889 NO 1872
6. Murhon Prdsed Vudemo 4. Hill PhliesDefect PnuM& Rise Tunshrnnq
FrE Exhibits ct Invited to Political Los cubdnos Win Plant opera6on
PImohP Iunt1hon Science Convention Over Commanders From 81 Thomos
Plymouth Mass Visitors to Vhhmar "a Hill Special The Phhs upset the R@ III Rise has almost ON
the Ngf0TH at plymouth sINmto the uicayc0 Com rates beating them in apeedh eu transfer its rum
Mass are often startled by nm of tn Iegaahrem has aLnaud gam byh is score operations from ISL Tmeh
exceptionally realistic la been invited to attend thee q to YESTERDAY afternoon daMay the it, fHa
Mmxd designed and ehd5 h Annual Meeting of heu the Parade Ground M Central Factory which is
BY ST mx man Cyril American Political sdaaAsE Tore started Tor the Ph@ leased iron the Virgin Ims
Marshall Snnhon The nMg ill mmd flowed hits San kits Corporation Rise mmmhr
Marshall who is Director held at MghwI Hotel pitched for the Pirates and hm@ the mn know Ma al
Mme ST. Cmx1 Museum WahmgonD (. from Sc gave up hits There wagS Cxo
also Director of exhibits at TENDER 9n ~ 1855 @ #mH toe error II that came
Pmoh Plantation annpr NJ unh h - one for each side .0 3 upm9N MMvs
enhm mb a@M ME- Hnh has been an ceS nHek Ip mn Of He mm
MubmAUn Wm00 member of the Association In thu late ae the ham, are BEING mendwAfb here
historically accurate mmaA m. 1 Nus gp enUu ere
tnd the Plmm Village of ms ns W wmN Wh m vii pUs
l&md the Nynwr H. n.MIg sU rnan sHh
Research playa large part 4m @Auy -" - -
in his work because it is from. Br nLE~c a-aN--
old prints manuscripts and $50 80 u-Am. 0nr- p-L7:
journals hhe CLEANS he de oa - n-mmma CT TnoMnr
as@ nGMyn auef 1857 ms ~ hl ma n.m ~ E@ c -
ITCHY Hair styles de 18th T lH - 1M pB nN l@ IFn oS WITH
century, face types costumes M4H $500 - ~ n nmS n me OmuS STATES
adan and The n oMUeom N SS0 PmaL@C ubaDsG scored rs mmd Puerto Rico IS planning
nr fn. nM j. an corn mS oWS0p 0S the second innings and NMb establish ranch in ST.
continued IMAGE aa VII Re Naa@ root fn on the 0mr Thomas if N@e space can
# Government Public Admins does after the 9Th when hmbao b%na42 5
Senutor. Stf to n n p a4 r@'SWm@ scored runs The RmaxntNa vsAd Ha
Attend Legislators So - go 1n0g g 0M'@ e MMWo from n ha enav ia lk
Confub in Colorado Snan.LaA m me mound ana Ford came n over the pmbuts The
The dI egabrC Con- --- fo - ~ ~ store penhus mWmm and
fene attended BY hgn- " Woluce Appeals and home a wa IN dndrnsw wear
tors from the various states runserk Lower Lm cums fans mo nd
Territories d HerdamsP Position by Ed: Dept taken their teams dmT KS
vii be held at Denver Colo vA wn. 49, lv - bL4c Ln Miss une E. TWt
RADIO this year. The session transferred recently ran Hh a. cmmnms hu Ii Washington D. g.
vii open O@G 6 and will n snMsa .mn md 80 800 80 or Conubs
iHtr amM@ days - 5 pm#p -n IL. mm.n Mis- 80 nH Am+
, 1959-08-31

Plimoth Plantation, a non-pro-
fit organization which operates
a historically accurate re-crea-
ton Of the Pilgrim Village Of
1927 and the Mayflower II.
Research plays a large part
in his work because it is from
old prints, manuscripts and
journals that he CLEANS the de-
tails SO necessary for anthem
ITCHY. Hair styles Of the 18th
century, face types, costumes
and apurtenances and the pro-
per lighting are then all com
Continued on page AZ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-31

meaning thereby the principles or precepts
of conduct that are inherent in mans
nature as a rational and moral being.
These are the rules which mans conscience
recognizes, whether or not they are en-
bodied in the customs of the community or
the enactmentS of the state.
These rules Of reason" as Locke called
them, are not made by men. Rather, they
are discovered by men-developed from
their innate sense of right and wrong.
Furthermore, unlike customary rules or
written enactments, the precepts of the
natural moral law are not subject to change
at human will Nor do they depend upon
the coercive force of the state for their
binding power. Nevertheless, they too.
can be embraced in broad definition of
law as general rules of conduct which
direct men in the pursuit of their common
good.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-31
A Greet Thinker Looks At Life

The author is recognized as one OF the
great original thinkers of the 10th Century
After receiving his Pm. D. from Columbia
University in 1928. he Joined Robert M.
HutchinS at the University OF Chicago, tchere
they introduced courses based on reading and
discussing the Great Books. In 1916. this
dctipity iCGs extended to adults through the
Great Books Foundation. DR.. Adler notO Is
director OF the Institute for Philosophical
Research, San Francisco
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-31
God Makes Laws

The theological view that the natural
law is implanted in mans reason by the
Creator of human nature conceives God as
the maker of the moral law Just as the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-31
By MORTIMER ]. ADLER
Contributing Writer

r EFT US START with the laws that are
- enacted and enforced by duly con-
stituted government, such as the govern
ment Of Maryland or the Government of
the United States. These are the written
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-31

laws which, as you say,
the juriSt or lawyer has
principally in mind
when he talks about law.
Such laws have a num-
Der of characteristics.
After we have examined
them, let us ask whether
the same characteristics
are found in other kinds
of law.
The written laws