davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1959-12-03

New Jopon Treoty
To Be Ready Soon,
Eisenhower Says

President Eisenhower indi-
Gated yesterday that a new Sc
curity treaty with Japan may be
ready for signing in January.
The President told a news
conference that I'VE attach the
greatest Importance" to the
new treaty and other security
arrangements which have been
under negotiation with the
Japanese for several months.
He later issued a formal
statement which emphasized
that the new treaty 'is being
negotiated between equals for
the mutual benefit and en-,
lightened self-interest of both
countries.
The President added that
the timing of the treaty "is,
particularly opportune since I
feel it is most essential at the,
present juncture in interna-
tional affairs for the free world
to maintain its unity and
strength"
He said he understands Jap
anese Prime Minister Kishi is
considering coming to Wash
ington for the signing of the
new treaty. probably in Janu-
airy. The President said he
would welcome the opportunity
to talk again with Mr.. Kishi.
Evening star., 1959-12-03
Rothenhoefer
Is Named to
Nikirk's Post

FREDERICK. Md, Dec. 8
(AP).-Robert s. Rothenhoefer,
special attorney for the State
Roads Commission since 1855,
was to be sworn in today as the
new States attorney for Fred
erick County.
Mr.. Rothenhoefer resigned
his SRC job to accept the ap-
pointment as a replacement for
Edwin F. Nikirk. who was con-
victed Of attempting to evade
Federal income taxes.
The new States attorney will
finish out the remaining three
years Of Nikirk's term.
Chief Judge Patrick M.
Schnauffer of the 9Th Judicial
Circuit announced the appoint
ment of Mr.. Rothenhoefer after
receiving a recommendation
from the Democratic State
Central Committee.
Nikirk began serving a one
year prison term Tuesday. He
Ialso was fined $500.
Evening star., 1959-12-03
Assurance Thot u. S. Policy to Stand
Firm on Reds Held Crucial to Allies

highest positions in govern
ment have an actual idea
how much Of the Nations
substance has been expended
to face the Communist men,
ace, which is as strong now
as it was then. Some esti-
mate it as close to 500 bill
lion (including the undis-
closed but substantial ex-
penditure in the Korean
War;
Our efforts were not mis-
spent, however. The influ-
ence Of the national Com
munist parties as well as that
Of the neutralists in most
nations Of the free world
began to wane. In Germany.
the powerful Socialist Party
disavowed the Marxist doc
trines; in France, commu-
lliSm directly controlled by
Moscow, at one time the
most powerful political and
social force, has taken q
very serious setback; in the
Low Countries it has almost
disappeared; while in Britain
the neutralist left wing of the
Labor Party, which held sway
for so many years, has lost
ground substantially, as was
shown at the last election
and at the Labor Party's con-
vention at Blackpool last
week.
Turkey, Iran and Pakistan,
our staunch supporters in
the Middle East, have taken
serious risks Of becoming in
Evening star., 1959-12-03
Study to Seek
Best Schools
Across u. S.
BY the Associnted Pres.

A project to find the coun-
try's best public school systems,
and explain how they got that
way. will get started later this
month.
The school systems them
selves will not be identified, in
an effort to keep peace in the
educational family. But their
programs, and how they de-
veloped, will be presented in
booklet form, free to the gen.
efal public and school people
alike.
tn Nationwide survey will
be carried out by teams of
Investigators composed Of off,
cials Of the aNtional School
Boards Association and the
American Association of School
Administrators. It will be A.
nanced by a $4,000 grant
from the Ford Foundations
Fund for the Advancement of
Education.
About 100 Of the Nations top
school systems are now under
consideration. Later this month
the list will be narrowed to
between "a and 40. Three-man
teams will visit these systems
for eon-the-spot case studies
which may last a week or
longer.
Evening star., 1959-12-03
Incredible Birth Control Issue

%. Are any nations facing
up to the problem of over
crowding and doing anything
about it?
"A. Japan is one Of the
most conscious countries
about it. They've succeeded
in overcoming some parts of
the problem by legalizing
abortion, and, for the last
few years-rm not quite up
to date on this-they had a
million abortions a year. -.
%. Is their population still
increasing?
"A. Their population is in
creasing still. They've cut the
rate down. I think it's below
a per cent increase now. =.
@. What effect do you
think a nuclear war would
have?
"a. -. What does it mean
loo million dead? One hum
dred million are replaced in
three years. You've got to-
have a war like that every
three years, you see. You
must keep to arithmetic on
this thing"
Prof. Joseph j. Spengler,
noted economist now at Duke
University and widely recog-
nized for his studies on the
impact Of population growth,
predicted in the same issue of
the magazine that by the
year 1000 the United States
would have about 800 million
people and a total of 600
million in the subsequent so
years. He added his belief
that the United States could
feed such a population and
employ them, though America
would be better of" with
less population.
It's going to be awfully
hard for political candidates
to win votes by arguing that
legalized abortion is desirable
for Japan or any other coun-
try, or that the population Of
India or China should be
reduced by q certain figure,
or that American parents
should be allowed to have
only q certain number Of
children. 1t seems fantastic
that anything so abstract or
nebulous as the world pop
ulation SO years hence should
actually be considered as a
likely political issue" for the
1860 presidential campaign in
America.
(copyrisht, 1880
Evening star., 1959-12-03

and friends of ours, of q
change of heart on the part
Of the United States. There
is a firm feeling in all these
countries of q weakening in
our resolve to continue the
fight because of its cost.
There is a view, voiced clear
ly by the parliamentary rep
resentatives of the NATO who
held their 10th anniversary
session in Washington in
November, that the admins
tration is looking toward an
era of peaceful coexistence,
not only with the Soviet
Union but with Communist
China as well. All the re-
cent actions of the admins
tration point toward that
end.
The heads Of governments
who will be hosts to Presi-
dent Eisenhower in the weeks
to come will insist on having
a clear answer to the para
mount question in their
minds: Does America really
mean to accept, without def
mite guarantees, the words
of Mr.. Khrushchev that he
wants peace and coexist-
ence? Will President Eisen-
hover insist on deeds by the
Soviet Union and not mere
vague words about peace and
friendship?
The very same govern
ments which in the past fol-
lowed our policies only reluc-
family because Of the risks
involved will want to hear
from the Chief Executives
mouth that our foreign policy
has not changed, except pos
sibly in the manner in which
we are now handling it.
There is no doubt, judging
by the developments in the
countries across the Atlantic,
that none is willing to ac-
cept the Soviet words at
their face value. The heads
Of governments who will re-
ceive the Chief Executive
with pomp and enthusiasm
will want to be assured that
nothing in our policy has
been changed fundamentally
and that Mr.. Eisenhower is
no more impressed by the
bombastic Dragging of the So
Wet ruler that he can wipe
. all his opponents of the face
Of the earth than they are.
Mr.. Eisenhower is deter
mined to make no commit
ments or agreements with the
heads Of states he will be
visiting. He will have to
speak very frankly, however,
as to where we stand now in
the international picture, for
none Of our allies and friends
wants relaxation of tensions
on the Kremlin's terms.
Evening star., 1959-12-03
RALPH McGILL
Civil War Raises a Question

"We don't need public
education"
They said that because
there was not in the South,
save in a few urban pockets,
a tradition of education. It
was, in the feudal, slave
holding South, something for
the gentry and the well-to-
do. The soldiers from the
rural South were largely il
literate. They were not un-
intelligent. They we're not
educated. There has never
been, until now, a heritage of
public education in the deep
South. So great was the lack
of support for it that the
Goth century was well along
before the States established
it. Even then, the rural areas
had, for years, shorter terms
and more of inadequate
teaching and facilities for in
struction.
This is still true today.
The selective service records
of both the great wars re-
flected the history of the
great Civil War-the South
ern States produced, white
and colored, the greatest per-
centage of uneducated young
men.
History speaks now, re-
minding us that he who does
not learn from the errors of
the past is doomed to repeat
them. There are persons in
Southern leadership today
who are willing to condemn
millions of children to be
the statistics of the future
repeating those of 1861-65
that most of the Nations
uneducated young men and
women are in the South. His
tory asks-will the legisla-
lures and people be silent
and thereby give consent to
the closing of schools merely
to save political face and
promises?
Evening star., 1959-12-03

One Of the principal tasks
besides the good will mis-
sion-of President Eisenhower
in his spectacular trip to- IL
countries will be to sell to
some of the heads of states he
is visiting the Importance of
relaxation of tensions" in
keeping with the present new
policies Of the administration.
For more than 10 years we
have urged and lectured our
allies-and some of the neu-
trals-on the paramount i'm
portance Of holding a strong
front against international
communism and, rightly,
pointed out to them the lies
which were behind the Krem-
Inns pretenses that it desires
peace and competitive CO.
existence.
We have pointed out to
the nations of the free world
that while the Red rulers
were talking disarmament
from the corners Of their
mouths, they actually were
proceeding with the most
gigantic rearmament pro-
gram the world had ever
seen. We often scolded our
NATO allies for dragging
their feet, under the impact
of the neutralist forces in
their countries, toward
getting their armed forces in
shape. We backed our words
with an enormous amount Of
cash and substance.
Only a few people in the
Evening star., 1959-12-03
CONSTANTINE BROWN
hePresident's Big Message

volved in a direct conflict
with the USSR by refusing
to yield in the slightest to
the threat or cajoling of the
Kremlin. And the Muscovites
tried everything in the diplo-
matte book, from economic
and financial support at the
time when these Middle
Eastern nations were In bad
shape to threats Of invasion
or civil war.
The firm American stand,
not only while Mr.. Dulles
was making foreign policies
with the Presidents con-
sent, of course) but also by
the administration of Presi-
dent Truman, finally has
made its dent on the peoples
of the NATO and the CENTO
formerly known as the
Baghdad pact) countries. Our
firm position, as well as the
economic recovery of all
these partners in the struggle
against international COM
munism. has finally paid de-
sired dividends. Italy, which
still has the largest and most
influential Communist party
in Western Europe, no longer
is concerned about the antics
of its Reds. In as far as
foreign policies are concerned.
the people are fully support
ing the Christian Democrats
headed by Prime Minister
Segni.
This is the picture on the
eve of Mr.. Eisenhower's de-
parture. But in recent
months there have been
strong indications, from the
point Of view Of these allies
Evening star., 1959-12-03
POTOMAC FEVER
BY Pete Wyms
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Twelve nations including Russia agree not fight near
the South Pole. And that doesn't you safer
you're obviously not much of penguin.
Ike this Government won't sponsor birth control
abroad Expected wire from Mr. Nixon to Gov Rockefeller
We're both wrong! The mans for Jack Kennedy"
Penn fires its football coach after he wins the Ivy League
championship In that league, coach with a winning
streak Of than two risk Of being con-
vcted of premeditated football
Christmas gift suggestion For her-A dress that makes
her look good she'll five times before complaining
it does nothing for her figure
Scientists there may be jeynsh on the planet Venus
You might know 1t kind of low-lfe all
those sneaky flying at U.S.
Evening star., 1959-12-03
Effects of Birth Control Issue Seen
In Census Redistrictinq of States
DORIS FLEEsON

Senator Kennedy Of Mas
sachusetts has found himself
confronting q bar to his
presidential aspirations far
more immediate and obdu-
rate than national policy
toward planned parenthood
and overpopulation.
What he has discovered is
that virtually all the IS
Democratic Governors have
compelling reasons involving
their own political survival
for opposing a Catholic at
the head of the national
ticket in the particular year
of 1860.
The story begins with the
coming population census.
That nose-count of Ameri-
cans with all its heavy
political potential takes place
every ten years, but only
once in 20 years comedies
with the presidential elec-
ton. Unluckily for Senator
Kennedy, 1860 Is one Of the
times Il does.
What this means is that
the new legislature to be
elected next year will COM
mand the manner in which
the new balance of power in
American politics, as recorded
by the population changes,
will be distributed within the
States. This is reapportion-
ment which gave birth to the
famous gerrymander, that
system by which the party
then in power carves out
electoral districts which will
be safe" for their candidates,
no matter what changes the
census dictates.
Every Governor. in fact,
will be duty bound next year
to make the most intense ef-
forts to Insure the carrying
into Office Of State legisla-
lures which are under his
party's control. All sorts Of
Evening star., 1959-12-03

power and perquisites are at
stake. The national example
is that IS States are expected
to lose House seats; eight
States, mostly in the West,
will gain them. These changes
will be reflected later in the
affected States strength in
the presidential electoral col
lege.
Obviously, Governors have
a special reason for avoiding
presidential nominees next
year to whom controversy Of
any sort is attached. But the
Democrats among them have
the problem in an acute form
because of their special diff
culties with legislatures DOM
mated by Republicans from
the rural areas.
1t is q rare Democratic
State executive who can
count on a sympathetic legis-
lature controlled by his party.
In State after State, the Gov
ernor is the choice Of the
cities where the votes are
but must WORK in a State
capitol where rural legiSla-
tors from rotten boroughs
ride high, wide and hand
some.
A classic example is Mich
igan where Mennen Williams,
six times elected Governor.
and an able, decent politi-
clan, has been prevented by a
rotten-borough State Senate
from shaping a tax policy
which will keep solvent the
sixth wealthiest State in the
Union. This has killed him
as a presidential candidate
but to no visible benefit to
Michigan itself.
Meanwhile. the problems
Of the crowded cities in
crease. and their tax bases
dwindle. This means mount
ing pressures on Governors
Evening star., 1959-12-03
Book Prompts Query Whether People
Will Let Schools of South Be Closed

mentals as rations, women,
officers. and home.
Owing to the South's de-
flciencies in public education,
illiteracy was greater among
Confederates than among
FederalS. In some companies
from the rural South, half
the men could not sign the
muster rolls. Sergt. Mai. John
A. Cobb of the 10th Georgia
Regiment wrote to his uncle
on September 8, 1861: Pay
ing of soldiers is a good deal
like paying off Negroes their
cotton money and they are
about as hard to understand
what is coming to them Z.
About one-third of the men
in the regiment can't write
their names, so the pay roll
has a good many x (his
mark on it and about one
half of those write them you
can't read nor could they
themselves OF course, there
were a few elite Confederate
units such as the Richmond
Howitzers, the 1st Mary
land Infantry, Companies E
and F of the 1st Virginia
Infantry, and the Oglethorpe
Light Infantry of Savannah
in which the majority of the
initial complement were men
of education and culture"
Here we have a paragraph
Of history from which we can
learn. 1t explains something
about our own times. It
should teach us not to make
the mistake Of the past.
The South did not really
bring public education into
being until about 1912. The
fight to establish it had the
fervor Of a religious crusade.
There were many who op-
posed it, saying:
Evening star., 1959-12-03
DAVID LAWRENCE

There's something incred-
ible about the current effort
Of some groups to make birth
control a political issue in
America. If voters were to
be asked to express their pref
erence for or against birth
control, it would cut through
all blocs and parties, irrespec-
tive Of religious or party af-
flliations. The issue wouldn't
be whether a couple of people
have the right to have as
many children as they please
but what right the govern
ment has to tell them how to
conduct their family affairs.
President Eisenhower has just
said:
II cannot imagine any,
thing more emphatically a
subject that is not a proper
political or governmental ac-
tivity or function or response
bility.
This thing has, for very
great denominations, a rer
ligious meaning, definite re-
ligiouS tenet in their own
doctrine. I have no quarrel
with them-as a matter Of
fact, this being largely the
Catholic Church, they are one
of the groups that I admire
and reSpect-but this has
nothing to do with govern
mental contact with other
governments.
I'VE do not intend to inter-
fere with any other, the in
ternal affairs of any other
government, and if they
want to do something which
admittedly-to do something
about what is admittedly a
very difficult question, and
almost an explosive ques-
tion, that is their business.
And, if they want to go to
someone for help, they should
go. they will go unquestion-
ably to professional groups,
not to governments. I
This Government has no,
and will not as long as I am
here have a, positive politi-
cal doctrine in its program
that has to do with this prob
lem Of birth control. That's
not our business"
Any candidate who said he
favored governmental action
to control the number of
children Americans could
have would find himself los
Evening star., 1959-12-03
DORIS FLEEsON
Major Obstacle for Kennedy

to do something about their
legislatures-or else.
The irony in Senator Ken
nedy's case is that he is popu-
lar in the cities where so
many Democratic votes are.
But he cannot help the
ticket. many Governors in
sist. in the vital rural areas
which must be their primary
target in 1860 If they and the
party are to get OF the dime
during the next ten years.
Evening star., 1959-12-03
RALPH McGILL

A new book about the Civil
War casts light on the deep
South psychology about ed
ucation. 1t reminds us once
again of the important les
son that we are-people,
States. regions, natio1ls-a
part OF all that we have met
and been.
We read history to learn
Of the past. But as philoso-
pliers have reminded US, if
we do not learn from the
errors of the past we are
doomed to repeat them.
The title of the book is
"They Who Fought Here"
1t is by no means just an
other volume On the Civil
War Between the States. The
text is by the eminent his
torian, Bell Irwin Wiley. The
pictures are magnificent.
Most of them are published
for the first time. The text
and photographs tell the
story of the soldiers of both
armies-what they were like,
their backgrounds, their emo
tions, their personal re-
action to the war, their weap-
ons, their food, morals, rec
reationS, and so on.
In the first chapter we read
-"Literacy and intellectual
interests Of Civil War soldiers
varied greatly. Extremes were
represented by a highly cul-
tured group at the top who
carried Greek or Latin books
in their haversacks and en-
gagged in philosophic discus
sions about the campfire, and
a larger group at the oppo-
site end of the scale who
could not read at all and
whose talk. heavily sprinkled
with 'hain'ts,' 'narys,' hits,
and have saws rarely ex-
tended beyond such funda-
Evening star., 1959-12-03
No condidute Seen Likely to Win Votes
BY Urging Reduction of Population

ing votes right and left. The
mere assertion Of such a
policy by any candidate would
insure his defeat.
But, it is argued. the ques-
ton relates to other coun-
tries, like India and China,
where population is growing
to astronomic proportions. Is
. 1t really believed that any
candidate for political Office
is going to win or lose votes
on the issue of how many
children the people of India
should be permitted to have?
To state the question is to re-
veal its abSurdity.
While the problem of over
population is a serious one,
it isn't going to be solved
during the lifetime of any
one in American politics TO-
day.
Just two weeks ago Sir
Charles Darwin, GRANDSON of
the world-famous author Of
Origin of Species, and nim-
self an eminent scientist and
specialist on population prob
lens, made some startling
statements in a copyrighted
interview in U. s. News &
World Report. The exchange
ran as follows:
%. How widely would
birth control have to be prac-
ticed?
"A. To be any good, it's
got to be worldwide. If you
just have it in this country,
what's the result? Most of
the world in so years will be
black. Or more likely yellow.
But you've got to have
an educational system. You
have got to teach a billion-
at least a billion-grown-up
people how to use it. Well,
how many men can a nan
educate? A thousand, some
thing Of that kind. You've
got to have over a million
teachers just to show people
how to use this. You can't
get that going in so years.
So it's out.
@. Do you mean that it
would take a billion people
practicing birth control to
stabilize the world popula-
ton?
"a. You've got to arrange
it so that everybody doesn't
have, on the average, more
than AL think it is chill
dren. -.
Evening star., 1959-12-03
Ghost Bot Feared

The ghost bat is regarded
with superstition by the Aus
tralian aborigines because its
wings and fur are white and it
feeds on other bats.
Evening star., 1959-12-03

suit plus eoor-coordnoted socks thot Trio And se-con
scous, economy minded young should have Trio in their
wordobes You the occosion dress sports Trio the
smart The suit is hopsok wosed and the socks
worsted flannel These oneweone obes built for endur
once tailored for STYLE 3piece outfit with natural shoulder
styling and pIeoes pants olive with grey olive with brown,
olive with black, olive with blue The jacket has ouod
lining Make Trio your fashion target at Roegh tomorrow
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1959-05-14
Cerebral Palsy
To be Topic

The second in series of edu.
cational programs sponsored by
United Cerebral Palsy Of Mont.
gomery County will be held
Tuesday at 8 pm. in the audi
forum OF the Maryland-National
Capital Park G. Planning Com
mission Building, 8787 Georgia
ave-, Silver Spring.
The program will consist OF a
panel discussion on Education
for Cerebral Palsied in Mont
gomery County and will fea-
ture DR.. Edward Lewis, jr., Med.
ical Advisor OF the UCP MUIR
sery.Treatment Center; Mrs. Mi
rian Tannhouser, Supervisor OF
Special Education OF the Mont.
gomery County Board OF Educa-
ton; and Mr.. Paul Whitehurst
of the Division Of Vocational Re
Mobilization OF the Maryland
State Department Of Education.