davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-12

censorship nOG on GROUNDS CnaC
the individuals who make the de-
cisionS are unbalanced. but be-
cause their individual judgments
are apt to be conclusive in regard
to what the public will be allowed
to see or read. They regard this
as an infringement of free speech
and press.
Goya's painting of 1.-THE Naked
Maja" may be a case in point.
This is one of the sexiest paint
ings by the old masters, but no
more so than Rubens Judgment
of Paris" or Poussin's echo and
Narcissus" or Ingres' Jupiter and
Thetis." And what about the
writing of Rabelais and Voltaire?
Or the Song of Solomon in the BIZ
BILE? These things have acquired
the sanctity of time, and we think
of them as classics. But suppose
they appeared on the market as
contemporary works? Would they
meet the requirements of the law?
We don't know, but we do know
that few people would make the
decision as to whether the rest of
us would be allowed to see and
read them. 1t illustrates the
problem.
How to Set STANDARD
Government officials have been
wrestling for years with the
question of how to set up a
standard for deciding what mat
ter is obscene. The county prose-
cutor in one community based
his decision on whether or not
the article involved was some
thing he would approve of his
13-year-old daughter possessing;
another branded anything OBJ
scene which was so considered
by the local clergy; still another
based his decision on whether he
regarded the matter "f1t for
children"
Judge Learned Hand described
the dividing line as resting be-
tween mere "candor," on one
hand, and shame on the other.
But standards such as these
have been increasingly criticized,
particularly as American society
has become more closely welded
and Federal law invoked more
frequently because of it's au-
thority over interstate commerce.
Interpretation in Low
The United States Code has
long prohibited the mailing of
any article which Is obscene.
lewd, lascivious or filthy" and
anyone who knowingly" mails
such articles or receives them for
distribution is subject to fines up
to $1,000 and /or imprisonment
up to five years. In 1855 the code
was amended to prohibit further
any kind of interstate shipment
Of such articles.
Until 1857. however, there was
no deflnitive Interpretation of
obscene. lewd, lascivious or
filthy" Then the Supreme Court
met the issue head-on in a case
involving a man convicted of
mailing an obscene publication
called American Aphrodite." In
Roth VS.. United States, the court
decided that % the So-called
ooScenity statutes did not violate
the Bill of Rights and % the
test Of obscenity was whether the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-12
BY PHIL YEAGER
Contributing Writer


In 1868 an English knight
named Sir Charles Sedley, hap
PLY inebriated. decided to recite
obscene poetry from the balcony
Of a village inn-while clad in
nothing but his socks. The local
citizenry became so worked up
over this performance that a riot
ensued. and Sir Charles awoke the
next morning in jail.
From this affair grew the mile
stone case of King VS.. Sedley,
which resulted in Sir Charles con-
yiction for indecent exposure and
obscenity. 1t was the first time in
the history Of the English-speak-
ing people that anyone was legally
chastised for nakedness.
Since that time, however, the
problem of nudity has been
bounced all around the judicial
arena, alternately experiencing
phases Of puritanism and laissez-
faire, but never straying far from
the surface of the public con-
science.
Today American law is full of
statutes, ordinances. court deci-
sionS and so on which, under
standably, confuse people in re-
gard to when and where it is all
right to be undressed, under what
circumstances and to what extent.
Controversy Over Pointing
The latest legal fiareup about
the touchy- but-interesting prob
lem Of nudity was between United
Artists Corp. and the United
States Post Office.
The film company sued in Fed
eral District Court to lift an al
legged Post Office ban on the mail
ing of advertisements for its cur
rent movie. 1.-THE Naked Maja."
The film is based on the life of
Of the great 18th-century Spanish
artist, Francisco Goya, and the
advertisements in question repro
duced his famous "Maja" painting
which depicts a robust female
nude recumbent upon a mound of
satin pillows.
Noting that the original ''Maja"
hangs in the Prado Museum in
Madrid and is obviously art"
United Artists said it could see no
reason to ban the painting from
going through the mails.
Eventually a number of critics
and outside organizations became
entangled in the argument, in
Guiding the American Civil Liber-
ties Union. before it was eStab-
lished that the Post ONCE had not
ruled on the matter and the
court dismissed the suit.
A clue to the way the majority
Of Americans view the matter Of
nudity can probably be found in
the law, which undertakes to re-
strict it in variety of ways.
Where personal behavior is con-
cerned, the law operates mainly
through indecency laws and rules
against disorderly conduct.
Where articles are concerned,
such as books. pictures, films, pho
tographs and the like, the law
works mainly through obscenity
statutes or censorship. But there
are a dozen other ways in which
the law. on occasion. may govern
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-12

Strotton, former Mayor Of
Schenectady, hos just returned from
flying trip to Berlin. With nine other
members Of the Armed Services Com
mittee, he went to get first-hond
look at the crisis oreo. The Congress
mon is unusually qualified to write this
exclusive report for MANA. He is
military intelligence expert. A eombot
intelligence officer on the staff Of Gen.
Dousios Macarthur during World War
u, he wos recalled to teach at the
novol intelligence school during the
kcreon emergency.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-12

"I'm against conformity" he
said. "It's the lazy mans way Of
getting by" He spoke on briskly.
I'VE are in danger Of being ruled
by third generation authority.
1.-THE great fortunes Of America
are in the hands Of grandchildren
of the men who made the money.
These grandchildren have none Of
the disciplines which come from
dealing with realities-from the
winning and holding Of money"
Mr.. Wright threw up his hands.
To-day with this hand they say
yea, with this hand nay. It's a
matter of whim; large part Of
our lives are ruled by decisions
that stem from third generation
authority"
Definition Of q Liberal
The old architect was asked his
definition Of a liberal.
"A man who can live with, and
flourish amid, diverse and OPP
posing ideas-Somebody who well
comes the right of others to OPP
pose him." he replied. It sounded
to me like capsule autobiography.
A visitor. turning to politics,
suggested that as presently con-
structed, the two political parties
do not offer much choice.
1.-THE programs of the two par
ties may seem similar" said Mr..
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-12
b. ARTHUR ). FLEMMING

-" ="
Secretary Of Health. Edueation and welfare
One OF the Nations most dra-
matte health stories OF our time
has been unfolding quietly and
steadily among American Indians
and Alaska natives.
have received from Surgeon
General Leroy e. Burney a report
-----~-----~-~-~->-~--
This settlement by Secretary FIemmins,
slightly abridged here. wos released OF
the conclusion Of news conference
last Tuesdoy.
Of recent progress in the Indian
health program covering improve
ments In health and medical serv-
ices in rs States to the $4,000
American Indian and Alaska ma
tive beneficiaries.
This report traces health trends
since 1854. Immediately prior to
the transfer of the program to the
Public Health Service in 1855,
through facts and figures avail
able in the closing quarter Of 1858.
Here are some Of the highlights:
. tuberculosis, once the leading
cause Of death among Indians and
Alaska natives, dropped a full 40
per cent among the Indians in the
4-year period ended with 1857.
Among Alaska natives. the de-
crease was even greater-63 per
cent in the same period.
. New cases of tuberculosis have
dropped rs per cent among Indi-
ans and about 80 per cent among
Alaska natives.
. The Indian infant death rate
has been reduced by - per cent.
. The Indian death rate from
diseases Of the stomach and in
testines came down by rs per
cent.
Much Yet to Be Done
In calling attention to progress
since 1854, neither DR.. Burney
nor / wish to give the impression
that this country's Indian health
problems are solved. This is far
from true. even with respect to
tuberculosis. That disease still
claims nearly four times more
lives among American Indians
than among the Nations general
population, and upwards Of eight
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-12
A HISTORICAL SURVEY
What the Laws Really Say on Nudity

work or article. as whole, Judged
by contemporary standards, would
appeal to the average mans
'prurient" interest.
outIowing 0bscenity
The decision has been met with
mixed reactions. Some hail it as a
vindication of morality in the
United States. Others believe it is
actually restriction in pre-exist-
ing powers to outlaw obscenity.
Still others. including some Off
Gals of the highly respected Amer
lean Law Institute. regard the de-
cision as an 'oeffectual compro-
mise.
The institute, which has
wrestled with the problem longer
and more deeply than any other
legal entity in the United States,
has tentatively suggested that an
article should be legally obscene
only If it exhibits morbid in
terest in nudity, sex or excretion.
and if it goes substantially beyond
customary limits. :" The diff
ference between this view and the
Supreme Courts seems to be that
the Court definition brings into
play certain traditional notions
of law that obscenity depends on
whether the painting. book or per-
Torrance "arouses, lustful
thoughts" or "incites to deprav-
ity." The institutes idea is
pegged to current suspicious that
moderate lust is more or less nor
NAL and that it is difficult for a
mere picture or magazine to foster
depravity.
Many legal scholars. influenced
no doubt by modern psychology
and anthropology. are convinced
that nudity in the law is simply
a facet of prevailing attitudes to-
ward sex and, therefore. any at
tempt to regulate it must be
highly imperfect.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-12

Wright. But the difference is in
the people Of the parties. Not in
the labels but in the men who
run and lead the parties. there the
distinction lies"
Mr.. Wright recalled that people
had blamed the State Of Wisconsin
for producing an extremist like
Senator Mccarthy.
This shows that people don't
understand what McCarthyism
was all about" he continued. 1.-THE
problem wasn't the man. Joe Nc
earthly, but the American people.
This is what worried me, that
the whole country was really so
sick that a fellow like Mccarthy
could take hold and dominate our
lives. 1t had nothing to do with
Joe Mccarthy and where he was
from. 1t had to do with the mental
and moral health Of the country.
The Problem of Educotion
He said education constitutes
Americas primary problem.
I'VE have allowed education to
be divorced from culture" he
said. ':We train people to do spe-
cific jobs. but the human product
is neither an educated nor a free
man.
Eve should include architecture,
history and religion. And by re-
ligion, I don't mean imported de-
nominational religion, but religion
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15

18th 6 Open 5000 Thurs
7th g K 1919 Thurs
3ll3 18th 5000 Daily
4483 CONN. $500 DaiIy
SILVER SPRING, ND. 1909 Daily
ALEXANDRIA, VA. 5000 Thurs, Fri.
CLARENDON, VA. 1909 Mon, Thurs, Fri
CORNERS, VA. 9.30-9:30 Mon Thurs, Fri
PRINCE GEORGES PLAZA, Nd. 10-9:30 Mon,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15
NBC Employees
Vote Today on
N Work Poet

NEW YORK. May rs APP
National Broadcasting Co tele-
vision engineers and techni-
clans vote today on terms OF a
settlement 10 end a work stop
page that started April ~.
The agreement between nego-
tiators for NBc and the Ma
tional Association Of Broadcast
Employees and Technieisns was
announced by an arbitrator
shortly before ! am.
Terms OF the settlement were
not made public.
The stoppage. which kept
500 employees of the Job here
and In six other cities, resulted
basically from a dispute over
the extent 10 which members
OF the union should participate
In producing TV shows over
seas for broadcast IN this coun-
try.
Supervisory personnel kept
NBC television and radio on
the air.
The company called the stop
page q strike In violation OF the
contract and the union called
II q lockout. The union said
It's members were locked out
after a work crew here refused
to handle tape Of the To-day"
show. The show, featuring
French Actress Brigitte Bardot
along with Dave Garroway, had
been produced in Paris. Some
nonunion workers we're used on
the job.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15

companied the President on the
trade fair tour. At one point
a New York policeman ap-
preached Mr.. Wagner from be-
hind the ordered. Come on,
bud, get back" When the
Mayor turned around the cop
rescinded his order.
Mr.. Eisenhower came away
from the fair with numerous
gifts from the various interna-
tional exhibits, including Cuban
cigars, an Ethiopian hippopot-
anus skin shield and embroid-
cred Swiss handkerchiefs.
His motorcade moved down
Broadway from the Coliseum to
Fiftieth street, where 1t turned
east and crossed over to the
Waldorf Astoria Hotel on Park
avenue. There. he spent the
afternoon before his dinner
speech.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15

the use Of a restricted area
off the coast about 70 miles
northeast Of Tokyo by the
United States Air Force for
target practice.
An Air Force spokesman said
the tug, based at Yokosuka
United States naval base near
Tokyo, was dispatched to the
area primarily to search for a
Navy jet that crashed two days
ago. 1t took the target marker
along to save an extra trip, he
explained.
Air Force officers got the
fishermen to call back their
boats by agreeing to set up
the marker May 20, as origi-
nally planned. The officers also
allayed fishermen's fears by
showing them a 25-pound nom
explosive practice bomb of the
kind to be used.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15
japan Fish Boots
Block U. S. forget

TOKYO, May is (AP) -
About 900 Japanese fishing yes
sells manned by irate fishermen
chugged out of. Nakaminato
port in Central Japan today,
surrounded a United States
Navy tugboat six miles offshore
and prevented it from setting
up a marker for aerial target
practice.
A United States military
spokesman said later the incl
dent was the result of a mis-
understanding and that a set
Element was quickly reached.
The dispute began as the re-
suit Of agreement between
United States authorities and
the japanese government for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15
EISENHOWER
EISENHOWER -
President Urges Federal Cooperation
To Spur Private Scientific Research

Continued From First Pare
duty Of assuring that neither
We, or other free nations, sue
cumb 10 an theological system
dedicated 10 aggressive force
and governed by fear"
Mr. Eisenhower, in urging
cd increase In the number OF
scientists and engineers cur
rehtly engaged In basic re-
search. noted that the number
IN that field totals fewer than
30000-less than two hum
dredths Of I per cent Of the
population.
There Is recognition, he said.
shat the apparently visionary
researcher Is likely to produce
Unexpectedly practical results
He added.
Educators and scientists
warn us that we need TO step
up this effort II we are to move
forward on the broadest scien-
tific front
four immediate task
Americas first responsibility
is to see that freedom Is not
lost through ignorance. COM
placency, or lack Of vigilance"
The proposed new accelera-
ton would provide scientists
with more knowledge about the
forces locked within the hearts
OF atoms. Such research con-
celyably could lead to more
eficient ways to use atomic
energy. perhaps as a cheaper
means Of producing atomic
power.
Mr.. Eisenhower spoke against
the background Of what he
called IAN uneasy climate Of
disquiet and tension" On the
International front. And he
said preservation Of Americas
freedom depends now more
than ever upon the readiness
Of al TO advance the Nations
science and engineering.
But he also said science end
engineering education cannot
be improved without strength
ening education Of all kinds.
The Nation, he added, must
educate "all the varied talents
IN our population to the limit
of'their abilities"
Mr.. Eisenhower called, too,
for cultivation Of more re-
spect for learning, intellectual
achievement and for apprecia-
ton Of the arts and humanities.
He recalled he has long
urged and supported the idea
Of establishing a hall of fame
for the arts and sciences.
Membership would be an
honor to which every Ameri-
can boy and girl could aspire, .
the President said.
Earlier in his day in New
York Mr.. Eisenhower broke
ground for the SIS million Lin
coin Center for the Performing
Arts and then was driven to
the New York Coliseum at CO.
lumbus Circle to visit the
international Trade Fair.
There he chatted with, among
others, two Russians stating
q small Soviet display BOOTH
Mice fellow" one of them |
said as Mr.. Eisenhower moved |
on.
Mayor Robert F. Wagner ac-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15

NEW YORK. May is (AP).-
President David j. Mcdonald
of the United Steelworkers,
fresh from a meeting with
President Eisenhower. resumed
steel wage talks today with in
dustry leaders.
Mr.. Mcdonald conferred for
half an hour with Mr.. Eisen-
hover at the latter's invitation
yesterday while the President
was visiting New York.
Industry spokesman said
they received no invitation.
Mr.. Mcdonald described the
session simply as a meeting
with IAN old friend" and said
the steel situation was not dis
cussed.
Union strategists neverthe-
less saw the meeting as helpful
to the union.
They felt it would counterfeit
any suggestion that the White
House was aligned against the
union in the union contention
that wage increases could be
granted without forcing up
steel prices.
They were hopeful, too, that
the union subsequently could
persuade the President and his
economic advisers that annual
pay raises geared to increases
in output per man-hour are
not inflationary.
The President has coun-
seled against any contract
agreement that would lead to
a rise in steel prices.
Javits Asks Farley
Seator Jacob K. Javits, Re-
publican of New York. mean
while, suggested that President
Eisenhower call both sides to
a White House conference if a
prolonged steel strike or a gen.
eral price increase is threatened.
Senator JavitS urged the
negotiators to seek IAN equi-
table agreement which will not
automatically trigger another
inflationary spiral in the cost
of living" and which would not
hurt the United States position
in world trade.
The Senator spoke at a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15
Secret Weapon

BROWNSBURG, Ind. (AP)
Rival supermarket managers
wondered how Marion Saund-
ers kept his stockboys so busy
while he sat at his desk. Then
they learned the youngsters had
been told that the transiStor
radio earplug Saunders was
wearing was actually an cleo
tronic device enabling him to
hear anything said anyplace in
the store.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15
9. O. P. Sets Formula
For 1860 Convention

State delegates TO their 1850
convention:
Delegates Al large-Four 1.-TWO
for each SENATOR; two for
each Representative at large:
six bonus delegates for each
State casting a majority for
the q. o. p. candidate for
President in 1886 or. failing
that, electing a Republican
Senator or Governor then or in
a later election.
District delegates-One from
each congressional district cast
ing at least 1000 votes for the
Republican nominee for Presi-
dent In 1856 or for the Republic
can candidate for Congress IN
the last preceding congress
sional election: one additional
delegate for each district cast
ing at least 10000 votes for
the same candidates as above.
Rule Aids South
Under the district delegate
rule. designed to stimulate
@. o. p. voting in the South,
only two Southern States will
fail 10 get their full quota of
two delegates each per congress
sional district in 1860. Missis-
sippi will have only one dele
gate each from four Of its six
districts. and South Carolina
will have only one from three
of its six districts.
Mississippi's one-vote dis
tricts are the first, second, third
and fifth. South Carolina's
single-vote districts are the
third, fifth and sixth.
The following increases in
delegates, compared with 1856,
are shown; Alabama, l.. Alaska,
2; Georgia. 1; Louisiana, 6;
West Virginia. 6; District of
Columbia, 2. The decreases are:
Hawaii, 4 (this could be wiped
out in the July election; Mis-
sissippi, 3; Missouri, 6; South
Carolina, 3.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15
Steel PorIey Resumes
After Presidential Chat

luncheon Of the Machinery
Dealers National Association.
Presidential Press Secretary
James C. Hagerty, like Mr..
Mcdonald. said the steel in
dustry situation was not dis
cussed at the Eisenhower-Mc-
Donald meeting.
No Public Comment
There was no public COM
ment by steel industry leaders
about the session, which came
in the midst of contract nego-
tiations aimed at averting a
strike by 100000 workers when
contracts expire in the basic
steel industry June 80.
Mr.. Mcdonald said at news
conference that he went to Mr..
Eisenhower's hotel suite to pay
his respects to the President.
who was in the city for a round
OF activities.
Il had a very friendly visit
with an old friend" Mr.. Nc
Donald said. He said he and
the President have been friends
since 1914. I'VE did not discuss
the steel situation at ALL"
Mr.. Mcdonald said he and
MIR. Eisenhower talked over
"the state of the country and
the state of the world" He said
the topics ranged from the
progress of the Big -Four For
eign Ministers conference in
Geneva to what Mr.. Mcdonald
learned about communism dur
| ing his visits to Hong Kong,
Singapore and Bangkok a few
months ago.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15
nv the Associated prsss

The 1860 Republican Nation
al Convention In Chicago win
have i.325 delegates with one
vote each under a tentative ap-
portionment worked out by the
party's national committee.
This Is Just two more than
the 1885 convention roster. II
was computed on the basis OF
rules adopted at the last con-
vention.
The 1860 total could be In
creased by 6. 10 1881. II
Hawaii. treated as a State In
the computation. elects q Re-
publican Senator or Governor
In is FIRST State election next
July %.
Nominations at the national
convention are by majority.
Democrats Come Later
Democrats will not determine
their 1860 convention strength
until next fall. Their national
committee is authorized TO Ak
the basis Of the apportionment,
in contrast 10 the Republicans
who must use a formula worked
out by the last national con-
vention.
There we're 2.477 delegates in
the 1856 Democratic conven-
ton. But they cast only 1872
votes because many delegates
had only one-half vote each.
Here's the way the Republic
cans are allocating to each