davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-23
Humphrey Quits Trip
To Aid Kennedy Here

0eIldtOI humphrey uSpdI
ture meant the cancellation OF
major moves in his drives to
win the West. AS he left for
the plane alone, he said he
did not think he could be back
IN time to address the Cali
fornia Legislature and visit
Gov. Edmund G. (Pat) Brown
tomorrow. He still chung to
the hope, however, that he
could cross the continent again
in time to address the Roose-
welt dinner tomorrow night in
Los Angeles, home of some of
the heaviest spenders in his
party.
Before he took of ito help
jack" the Senator delivered a
vigorous New Deal speech,
blasting the Administrations
hard money" tight credit
money policy which bears the
trademark of a man named
Humphrey" reference to
former Secretary of the Treas
ury George M. Humphrey.
But I can assure you, we
are not even remotely related
either biologically or politically
"a fact that pleases us both, -
he said amid laughter.
Actually the name of Hum
phrey is not too well known in
these parts. He was introduced
as Senator Humphreys" sew
eral times by local leaders.
, And. ironically enough, his
real rival here is not the man
he went home to help but a
non-campaigning co-candidate
by the name of Adlai Ste
venson.
Stevenson sentiment is Stub
born and general in Oregon.
Both Senators Morse and Neu-
berger have Endorsed the twice.
defeated standard bearer. The
natives have been friendly to
Senator Humphrey and have
lent an attentive ear to his ex-
pressions of the liberal philos-
ophy they like. But they make
1t plain that they are not max
ing a move until they hear
from their hero.
One middle-aged man who
listened intently to Senator
Humphreys banquet speech
was asked how he liked the
Senator.
"Oh f1nes fine" he said. II
liked him a lot"
Better than Stevenson
ooh, I don't guess / like
anyone better than Stevenson"
he said.
Campaign Without Candidate
Everywhere he has gone, the
articulate Senator who has yet
to avow his presidential aspira-
tons, has been asked IN the
press conferences that have
studded his progress just why
he is here. On one such occa-
sion he said he was out for a
mutually Of looking On
another, he said he would
like to be able to say he had
been in every State IN the
Union-which could be helpful
to a Senator"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-23
z Historions Given
Prizes by Columbia

NEW YORK, April % (AP).
Columbia University last
night awarded it's two annual
Bancroft Prizes for Historians
to Daniel j. Boorstin and Err
nest Samuels.
Mr.. Boorstin. a professor Of
American History at the Uni
versity Of Chicago. was given
the $4,000 cash award for his
book The Americans: The
Colonial Experience"
Mr.. Samuels received his
award for Henry Adams: The
Middle Years" the second Of
a triology the Northwestern
University English professor is
preparing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-23
Benefit Luncheon
For NAACP Slated

A benefit luncheon for the
District branch of the NAACP
will be sponsored Saturday by
the Washington Pharmaceuti4
cal Association Auxiliary.
Mrs. Marion B. Jordan, for
mer executive secretary of the
Pittsburgh NAACP, will speak
at the luncheon at 1890 pm.
in the James Madison Room Of
the Presidential Arms Hotel,
1920 G street NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-23

and his sincerity, but they APP
pear disturbed by his naivete
and political inexperience.
Mr.. Castro, whose actions as
IAN off1ceholder have been un-
practicable, proved to be I'M
usually sensitive for a man in
public life. w
Shows Leadership
But in the appraisal follow
ing his trip to Washington, he
is credited with having DEM
onstrated the indefinable quail
ties of a leader Of men.
/ In addition to his address to
| the American Society of News
paper Editors and a brisk
question and answer session
afterward, Mr.. Castro spoke to
and answered the questions of
members of the National Press
Club. and he was interviewed
by a panel on the NBC-TV
program Meet the Press"
Privately, he conferred with
Vice President Nixon, Secre-
tary of State Herter and other
high-ranking officials.
After the television program
Sunday night, he appeared
nervous and tense. He told
reporters he felt he had not
made out as good a case for
some of his views as he in
tended.
Public Opinion Theme
To some observers, Mr..
Castro appeared almost OBJ
Sessed with the idea that it is
his responsibility to carry out
what he CONSTITUTES to be the
will of the Cuban people at a
given time. He spoke con-
stantly of public opinion.
Officials ireportedly sought to
convince him that a leader has
responsibility not only of fol-
lowing public opinion but also
Of helping direct it in the pro-
per channels.
The Prime Minister used the
public opinion argument to de-
fend his decision of delaying
the elections. In the television
discussion, he disclosed elections
may not be held for four years
because the people don't want
them now.
United States officials tried to
convince him that properly con-
Quoted elections should be held
at the earliest possible date in
order to restore the faith of
the people in democratic
processes. Otherwise, another
dictatorship would be an in
evitable result, he was told.
Similar reasoning was de-
Veloped with regard to freedom
of the press, the right to fair
trials before impartial courts,
Judges and juries, and on other
issues. Mr. Castro justified
each of his departures from
democratic principles by saying
he was following the will of
the people.
1t was pointed out to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-23

annual convention OF the
American Newspapers Pub
fishers Association by George
N. Dale. chairman Of the
ANPA's special standing COM
mittee on labor relations.
The four-day convention
ends tonight with the annual
dinner Of the ANPA's Bureau
Of Advertising. Defense Sec
rotary Neil H. McElroy will be
the principal speaker.
Mr.. McElroy's speech. de-
scribed in advance as a major
talk likely to include informa-
ton on new developments in
the missile program, will be
heard by about 1900 newspaper
publishers, other newspaper ex-
ecutives and their guests.
Formal sessions of the con-
vention will end earlier in the
day with the election Of new
officers and directors.
Contrast With Trend
Mr.. Dale said the near-record
number Of 1858 strikes against
newspapers-38 strikes against
81 daily papers-came at a
time when strikes generally
throughout the United States
reached the second lowest total
since the end of World War II.
Mr.. Dale also told the con-
vention there was an unusual
number of 'short-duration
strikes and unauthorized stop
pages" in the newspaper in
dustry last year, and added that
these stoppageS reflected an
attempt to substitute pressure
for the orderly grievance and
negotiating procedures"
One bright spot was reported
by Mr.. Dale;
I'm a year of unusual labor
strife, the number of arbitra-
tions was the largest ever re-
corded. During 1858 arbiters
decided IS cases, surprising the
record of 81 in 1857"
Mr.. Dale said the ANPA's
special Labor Relations Com
mittee continued to encourage
arbitration with unions "as
the best final course to preserve
harmony" and said impending
arbitration has prevented many
strikes"
A l3-year comparison by his
committee. Mr., Dale said,
showed that arbitration has
become increasingly desirable
over strikes"
Productivity Seen Hit
Other highlights of Mr.. Dale's
report follow:
Union laws and conven-
ton resolutions increasingly
are curbing newspaper produc-
tivity Unions are demanding
more men to man both old and
new equipment that needs less
manning.
Daily newspaper produc-
ton continues to be retarded
by featherbedding, chiefly by
bogus'-resetting of advertis-
ing as required by the laws of
the ITU international Typo
graphical Union).
"ITU will strike for bogus as
it did last year and now
threatens to do this year. This
illustrates the problem news
papers face to maintain or i'm
prove productivity"
Personnel problems exist on
all newspapers in varying de-
grees. But each year more
publishers are establishing a
formal personnel department.
+. Definite personnel policies
are needed to effectively main
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-23
Castro Leaves Doubts
Despite His Sincerity.
BY JOHN v. HORNER
Star stan Writer

High Government officials concerned Fide CaSros
casual attitude toward communism and his lack of
knowledge in economics and other important areas.
Those who talked with the young Prime Minister during
his recent unofficial visit pleased with his personal charm
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-23

tain amicable employee re-
lations.
publishers, like other en-
ployers. must rely on compare
tive facts to guide them in this
management function. A con-
tinuing, objective appraisal and
review OF personnel plans and
practices Of newspapers is a
sure means of improving labor
relations"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-23
Newspaper Strikes Up,
ANPA Group Reports

NEW YORK. April % tAP),-strikes against American
newspapers last special industry committee said today
reached the second highest total since World War H. and the
committee said IF the record Of 10 strikes the first quarter
Of 1853 continues this will match the worst in the present
century"
The report was made during na-day sessions the 7sd
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-23

young Prime Minister in vari-
GUS ways that while majority
rule Is right. even a majority
can be tyrannous and there are
individual rights which ma
iority should never have the
power to destroy.
Mr.. Castro was encouraged
to take into his government as
many strong men as possible
and to delegate responsibility
to them in the economic and
other areas where he now
makes decisions. One objec-
tive repeatedly was to get the
visitor to think in terms of how
his place in history would be
affected by the courage and
craftsmanship he displays at
this critical time.
Concerned Over Economy
The Prime Minister showed
obvious concern over C,lba's
economic plight. He contended
that a man who works in the
sugarcane fields for thre
months and starVes the rest of
the year wants a lob. feod,
shelter and clothing. and
doesn't care a bit whether he
had freedom along with it,
An effort was made to con-
vince him that, as a leader, he
should try to develop support
for policies which could assure
economic progress with free
dom, rather than without It..
Mr.. Castro was said to have
held it foolish for the United
States to send arms 10 Cuba
or other Caribbean countries
because everyone should know
these countries would not be
able to play a part in the de-
Tense of the Western Henri
sphere if a world war breaks
out.
The arms received by gov
ernments in this hemisphere,
he said, are used only to sup
press people. Mr.. Castro con-
tended it would be far better
If the money sent to Latin
America for arms be provided
instead for capital investment.
Prefers Government Capital
Repeatedly, he favored United
States Government capital
rather than private investment
in Cuba. 1t was explained to
HIM that his best hope was to
attract private money and that
he would be serving the in
terests of Cuba better by adopt
ing policies to attract it.
Mr., Castro made no effort to
conceal his bitterness over the
reporting of the revolution by
the United States press. 1t
was clear that he has not
learned how to take criticism.
He was critical of this coun-
try'S fear of what the Commu-
nists may do in Cuba and else
where. He said Americans
should talk more of their
strength and the reasons that
the democratic system is SUI
perior to communism and other
relationships.
Communism Explained
In an effort to put the
United States attitude toward
communism in context, Amer
lean officials pointed out that
communism is more than Just
an idea. that its agents are
dangerously effective in grasp
ing power and setting up die
tatorships.
Mr. Castro also was told that
the people of this country be-
lleve that being against COM
munism is not enough-that it
is even more important that
what is done and said abroad
convinces other people that
the aim is to help them achieve
economic progress in a climate
of freedom.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-23
Committee Takes Up
u. S. School Aid Bill Ii
BY ROBERT X. WALSH
star star Writer

The Education Labor Committee today started
discussion Of 81 billion bal for Federal aid TO States for
school construction and teachers salaries.
But Chairman Barden, Democrat Of North Carolina re-
fused to be pinned down how and how often the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
FloYd-Fretz

Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph D.
Fretz Of Arlington announce
the marriage of their daugh-
ter Elizabeth Anna to Mr..
Harold L. Floyd, son of Mrs.
Christine Floyd of Cheverly,
Md, and Mr.. Woolford Floyd
of Annandale. Va. The we'd
ding took place Friday in the
Cheverly Community Church.
The couple will live in Ar
lington.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
McCortneY-Woldrop

Mr.. and Mrs. Otis Ash
ton Waldrop Of Kensington.
Md, announce the marriage,
of their daughter Martha
Frances to Mr.. Robert Bruce
Mccartney, son of Mrs. Har-
old G. Mccartney of Will
liamsburg. Va, and the late
Mr.. Mccartney. The wedding
took place yesterday in the
Warner Memorial Presbyter-
ian Church in Kensington.
The couple will live in Logan,
Utah.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
Muller-Putton

Mrs. Kathleen Patton Of
Mexico City. Mexico, an
nounces the marriage of her
daughter Shirley Ann to Mr..
Armand Duvall Muller, son Of
Mr.. and Mrs. Julien Muller.
The wedding took place June
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
Stufford-F

Mr.. John Fabian Of Barnes
boro, Pa. announces the mar
riage of his daughter Theresa
Marie to Mr.. Lawrence John
Stafford, son Of Mr.. and Mrs.
Paul w. Stafford Of Bethesda,
Md. The wedding took place
yesterday at Our Lady Of VIC
tory Church.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14

Mr.. Urban Macken Donnelly.
son Of Mrs. Elizabeth D. Dom
nelly and the late Mr.. Urban
M. Donnelly. The wedding
took place yesterday at st.
Michael's Catholic Church.
The couple will live at Fort
Lee, Va
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
Engel-Johnson

Comdr. and Mrs. John Nor
ton johnson of Annapolis an
nounce the marriage Of their
daughter Juliet Ann to Mr..
John Michael Engel, jr.. son
Of MIR. and Mrs. Engel Of
Alexandria. The wedding took
place yesterday at the United
States Naval Academy Chapel
In ANNAPOLIS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
Donohue-BrodY

Mr.. and Mrs. John B. Brady
Of Chevy Chase announce the
marriage of their daughter
Marie ThereSe to Mr.. Joseph
Walter Donohue. jr.. son Of
Mr.. and Mrs. Donohue OF
Lexington, Mass. The wedding
took place yesterday at Saint
AIMS Catholic Church.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
Lunkford-LitteU

Announcement is made Of
the marriage Of Mrs. Flor
ence Prede Littell and Mr.. /.
Smith Landlord III. The
wedding took place yester-
day at the Community Meth
odist Church in Arlington.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
Anqoliu.Kline

Mr.. and Mrs. Fred G. Kline
announce the marriage OF
their daughter Vivian Ruth
to 1t. John Randolph An
golia, USA. The wedding took
place yesterday at Calvary
Baptist Church. The couple
will live in Fayetteville, N. C.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
HoYes-Grohon1

Mr.. and Mrs. John Ste
phens Graham Of this city
and Winston-Salem, N. c.,
announce the marriage Of
their daughter Louise to 1t.
Charles Willard Hayes III.
USA. son of Mr.. and Mrs.
Hayes of Chevy Chase. Md.
The wedding took place yes
terday in Saint Andrews
Church, New London, Conn.
The couple will live at Fort
Sill. Okla.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14

Mr.. and Mrs. Winston
Riley, jr., Of Amman. Jordan.
and Chevy Chase, Md. an
nounce the marriage of their
daughter fonda Louise to
I'd 1t. Robert Carl Nc
Farlane, USMC. son Of Mr..
and Mrs. William Doddridge
McFarlane Of this city and
Graham, Tex. The wedding
took place June 7 at the
Chevy Chase Presbyterian
Church. The couple will live
in Quantico, va.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
Jennette-Bdrry

Mr.. and Mrs. Arthur Thorn
as Barry Of Boston. Mass.
announce the marriage Of
their daughter Elaine Louise
TO Mr.. Arthur Harris Jen-
nette. son Of Mr.. and Mrs.
Arthur s. Jennette Of Silver
Spring. The wedding took
place yesterday at st. Mary's
Church in Manhasset, N. Y.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14

Mr.. and Mrs. Benjamin F.
Goodman announce the mar
riage Of their daughter Elaine
to Mr.. Irwin Leonard Zarin.
The wedding took place yes
terday at Temple Israel. The
couple will live in Hyattsville.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
Houoht-Dixon

Mr.. and Mrs. A. Imrie DIX
on Of Melrose. Mass, an
nounce the marriage Of their
daughter Carol Mae to Mr..
Alan Frederic Taught, son
OF MIR. and Mrs. Fred B.
Taught Of Bethesda. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
Mutthews-Zeiqler

Mr.. and Mrs. Harold c.
zeigler Of Charleston, 8. c..
announce the marriage OF
their daughter Martha Hunt
ington tp Mr.. Carl Judson
Matthews, jr.. son Of Mr.. and
Mrs. Matthews Of Bethesda.
The wedding took place June
10 in the Summerall Chapel,
The Citadel in Charleston.
The couple will live in Phila-
delphia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
Burnhum-Peed

Mr.. and Mrs. Benjamin
Franklin Peed announce the
marriage Of their daughter
Barbara Louise to Mr.. Clin-
ton Elliott Burnham, son Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
WEDDINGS

to Mr.. James Frederick
Bromley, son Of Mr.. and Mrs.
Charles D. Bromley Of Den
yer, Colo. The wedding took
place yesterday at st. Adams
Episcopal Church.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
Leeds-Couqhlin

Mr.. and Mrs. John Joseph
Coughlin announce the mar
rage Of their daughter Mary
Elizabeth to Ensign John
Michael Leeds, USN, son Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
BromleY-Clopp

Mr.. and Mrs. Werner W.
Clapp Of Chevy Chase, Md.
announce the marriage Of
their daughter Judith Ladd
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14

Mr.. and Mrs. Horace Joseph
Durham. The wedding took
place yesterday In the Con-
gress Heights Met h o dist
Church. The couple viii live
In Chapel Hill, N. c.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14

Kline. son of Mr.. and Mrs.
Sidney D. Kline OF Wyomiss-
ing Hills. Pa. The wedding
took place yesterday at Mount
Vernon Place Methodist
Church. The couple win live
In PHILADELPHIA.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
DonnellY-Brodt

Mr.. and Mrs. William
Charles Brodt of Arlington
announce the marriage Of
their daughter Doris Anna to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14

6 at st. Luke's Methodist
Church. The couple will live
in Mexico City.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
Kline-Hoom

Mr.. and Mrs. Wilson L.
Hooff announce the marriage
Of their daughter Laura Ann
to Mr.. Robert Cornelius
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14

Capt. John r. Leeds. USN.
and Mrs. Leeds. The wedding
took place yesterday at the
Shrine Of the Most Blessed
Sacrament. The couple win
live In Newport, r. I.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14

Mr.. and Mrs. Charles
Vernon Gessford announce
the marriage of their daugh-
ter Susan Shelton to Mr.. Jo-
seph Edward Spicer. son Of
Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph Hume
Spicer. The wedding took
place yesterday at Saint
Patrick's Episcopal Church.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14
BushneN-Cissel

Mr.. and Mrs. John Harry
Britt Of Bethesda announce
the marriage Of Mrs. Britt's
daughter. Miss Ann Carroll
Cissel, to Mr.. Guy Nations
Bushnell Of Westmoreland
Hills. The wedding took
place yesterday at st. Johns
Episcopal Church in Be-
thesda. The couple will live
In Glover Park.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14

MIR. and Mrs. James Ben
ners wilhelm Of Chevy
Chase announce the mar
riage of their daughter Mary
Tee to Mr.. Thomas Terrett
Parsons, son Of Mr.. and Mrs.
Arthur Charles Parsons. The
wedding took place yesterday
at All Souls Memorial Epis-
copal Church. The couple will
live in Bethesda.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-14

wedding took place yesterday
at the First Methodist Church
in Melrose. The couple viii
live In Princeton, N. j.
The people's voice., 1959-10-09
Corporation Profits
High; Banks Cry

The First National City Bank of
New York-the third biggest in the
country-reports in it's Monthly Let
ter for August that profits after taxes
of 808 leading corporations during
the first half of the year showed a 56
per cent increase (from $4,438, ,065,-
900 to $6,915, 9,O00) over profits
for the same period last year.
Immediately following that report,
the Letter prints an item criticizing
Governments Expanded Role" and
walls: "Taxes at all levels of govern
ment are levied most heavily on
work, enterprise and capital accumu-
lation.'
But not so heavily, obviously, as to
prevent the 808 corporations from
accommodating $2,477, 1854, 900 more in
profits after taxes during the first
half of '59 than they accumulated in
'58.-ITU REVIEW.
The people's voice., 1959-10-09

WASHINGTON, D. Cray Nc
Brian, chief research engineer for the
Denver and Rio Grande Western Rail-
road, recently reported to Congress
research project undertaken by his
company designed to modify soft
woods so that they perform like hard
woods. Preliminary studies, he said,
indicate that it is theoretically pos
sible by the use of certain chemicals
in conjunction with gamma radiation
to induce polymerization of the fibers
of softwoods, and thereby secure the
equivalent of hardwoods.
The people's voice., 1959-10-09
Smaller Cars Could
Play Hob With
Gas Tax Revenues

Since gasoline taxes are the pri-
mary source of state highway reve-
nues, number of officials are begin
ming to worry about what the effect
of smaller foreign or domestic econ
omy, compact cars will have on state
tax revenues.
AAA national headquarters in
Washington advises that at least one
state-North Carolina-has begun
traffic counts of economy cars and
others may follow suit in the near
future.
The survey in North Carolina indi-
Gates that small cars are not yet nu-
merous enough to threaten gasoline
tax revenues. In all, they were found
to constitute only 2.6 per cent of all
traffic. The highest counts, over per
cent, were found in the central part
of the state which has the most indus
tries, the most dense population, high
est per capita income, most industries
and most of the colleges and univer-
sites.
An interesting finding from this
pioneer check-up was that there is
little difference in the small-car per-
centage during the various hours of
the day. This would indicate that the
small car is replacing the convention
al car for all purposes as about the
same extent in highway travel-that
is, for work, business and pleasure
MOTORIST.
NOTE: Considering high
way wear and tear, the small cars
still pay more than their share as
compared with the big commercial
trucks.
The people's voice., 1959-10-09

ure. They are unchallenged by any,
including employees of private
firms.
The only real trouble foreseeable
is getting these highly trained men to
accept Montana government careers
when South American mining COM
panies offer so much money. And
then politically minded boardsmen are
always apt to use technical mems
heads as stepping stones to the top
of the departments political ladder.
SPECIFICATIONS COMPLIANCE
LABS CHIEF FUNCTION
eagle explained that the main func-
tion of the lab is to check whether
specifications are complied with. The
standards for materials are set by the
American Assn. of State Highway Of
ficials in cooperation with the Bureau
of Public Roads.
The lab develops standards modi-
flying those of AHA to adapt to the
material found in this state.