davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-06-03

Predsjednik bombajske VIA
de, cavan, boravio je prize
nekoliko dana u gradu Nag
puru, oko 700 kilometara u
daljenom Cd Bombaya. Pc O
bavljenom poslu on je sjeo u
avion krenuo prema Bonn
bayu.
Ma visini Cd 800 metara do
slo je do neobicnog sudara !:
avion sc sukobio 3 velikim or
lom leSinarom! Avion je da-
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-06-03

9,UU cianOVa, Oko o,UUU OQ-
raslog clanstva, ostalo u Po-
mladku. Mi vjerujemo da Sc
broj kanadskog elanstva mo-
re podvostruciti u toku ne
koliko godina ako Sc bude do
bro i slozno poradilo.
Postoje rama misljenjsNo
tome kako postici tai cilj. Mi
smatramo da je prvi uvjet o.
cuvanje H.B.Z. ma temeljima
ma k Jim a je osnovana, a
to je zadovoljavanje izvjes-
nih drustvenih potreba naseg
radnog naroda u Sjedinjenim
Drzavama Kanadi. Treba sc
odlucno oduprijeti s swim po-
kusajima da sc ona skrene
$ tog puta.
Sistem osiguranja i cijelo
poslovanje H.B.Z. treba una
prediti. H. B. Zajednica Sc o.
zbiljno suocava sa konkuren-
cijom osiguravajucih kompa-
Mia, a kod mas u Kanadi u
vodi sc djelomicno zdrav-
stveno osiguranje pod pokro-
viteljstvom drzave. U usavr-
savanju poslovanja H. B. 2.
treba teziti "a tim da Sc da-
de sto bolje osiguranje uz maj
povoljnije uvjete. H. B. "a
.jednica to moze cato sto ME
zin cilj nije pravljenje pro-
fita, kao sto je to slucaj sa
osiguravajucim kompanijama
i sto sc ona oslanja ma dobro-
voljni rad svoga clanstva.
Oslonac ma clanstvo je CLAW
nj uvjet napredka HBZ. Una
predjenje poslovanja i siste-
ma osiguranja zahtijeva vece
strucnjastvo. Ali to ne znaci
da poslove Zajednice treba
prepustiti malom broju struc-
njaka (specijalista), nego tre-
ba raditi ma tome da sc sto
veci broj clanova 8 tim upo-
1naje l pretvara u strucnjake.
U tn svrhu treba organizirati
skole, tecajeve ! predavanja
ma mnogo siroj osnovi nego
je to radjeno do danas.
Treba se strogo pridrzavati
principa demokracvije. Prava
clanstva ne treba ogranicava-
ii nego prosirivati. Ma pro
sloj konvenciji donijeta od-
luka o posebnim pravima de-
legata il m e d j u konvencija
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-06-03

kako razmrskao orla, ali i !
sam poceo n a glo gubiti VI
sinu. Pilot je usmjerio ma
sinu prema pisti sretno ate
rirao. Propeller je bio tesko O
stecen, | predsjednik bombaj-
ske Wade produzio je iste We
ceri put n Bombay - Via
kom.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-06-03

ruju nervoza nestaje. To je praU dusevni
tjelesni odmor
Mas suputnik, Frank, uziva u ribarenju.
Jednog jutra posli smo mime. U motor
nom camcu spustili Sc ma jezero. Plovimo
po MENU motrimo rukave, zatoke jezera,
obalu njegovu u Sunni koja mas okruzuje.
Nas Frank peca, ali ribe kao d. Sc dosjetise
jadu Niti jedna cd tolikih, nehtjede "a
grisu udicu. Bill smo lose srece! Vrati-
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-06-03
PR0GLAS Ma KANADSK0 CLANSTV0
Toronto, Ontario.

Toronto Ontario - Postovana brace sestre: Nalazi-
pred deseom konvencom nase Hratske Bratske Ia
jednice pa odueil da dojavimo svoe poglede
predloge nezin dani razvo onako kako rasprav
ljal svojoj sjednci danas.
Mas prvom mjestu nteresira napredak H B. Zajed-
nice Kanadi redovima HBZ ovdje sada nalazi oko
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-06-03

Najtexi 81 valjda oni Ca
sovi u covjekovom Mvotu, kad
mu je svejedno Ito Sc doga-
dja j Ito e - dogodid.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-06-03
UMJETNO MRIJESTHISTE
HATCHERY - RIBE

Ispod Norfork Dam-a neposrednoj bill
zni nalazi sc kulturna stanica umjetno leg
10 Hatchery i gojenje ribe, razplod cine
sc snabdjevaju rijeke jezera, da su bogate
"a pecanje ribe.
Suma planine pune raznovrsnih kukaca
snabdjevaju ribu jezeru i rijeci bogatom
hranom, pa ribe dobro uspjevaju ova oko-
lica oko jezera North Fork, White Rivers
bogata je nbom. U tome uzivaju ljudi, ko-
j dolaze u owe strane ma odmor (vacation)
zanimljiva je kulturna stanica umjetnog
legla riba. Strucnjaci rukovode, ma osnovu
pokusa istrazivanja mrijestilistem od-
gojom riba- U zgradi su smjestena ciment-
ma korita, kroz koja stalno struj svjeza vo-
da, temperature, kakva je potrebna prema
naravi rbe. Neka sorta ribe trail dosta
hladnu vodu druga ne. u korito se stave
jajesca ribe (ikra), koja se istiskaju il O.
plodjene ribe zrela "a plodnju IL cesa sc le-
gu male ribice, sitna kao mravi tesko da
razpoznajes formu ribe. Tu in Sc vidi ma IT,
suce i milijune. Dobivaju 1lmjetnu hranu i
bro rastu.
Ribe su koritama podjeljene jednake
starosti.. Vide sc male, pa vete, vece vece
U stanovitoj dobi prenosi III Sc u prirodni
Mvot - jezero rijeku.
Stanica je otvorena "a publiku Vrlo je
zanimljivo pogledati ovo umjetno leglo od-
goj ribe. MENU sc vide velike ribs, sto
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-06-03

IEZERO NORFORk smjestilo Sc sredini
~ Arkansas Ozarks planinama, koje sc
gorje nalazi ma granGi dviju saveznih drzava
Arkansas Missouri. Ozark, u suglasju znan-
stvenika, najstarije su brdine ma krugh ze-
maliskoi Pecine su velicanstvene formira-
ne su velike Spite, neke glasovite koje
svijet posjecuje. Pc NINA geologisti zaklju-
cuju vrijeme starosti, da je Ozark gorje bi-
10 starodrevno kad je Rockies CORA rodjena.
To je macajno "a geologiste, ali aktuelno
vrlo je osebujno "a ovo gorje, koje Je stvo-
rio osebujnu karakteristiku sto je svratilo
pozornost sviieta radi svojih osebujnih pri-
rodnih krasota.
Vodici nekih spilja pricaju kakve su for
macije spilja kojima je glasoviti haJduk
Jesse James spavao imao in je "a svoje
zaklaniste skrivanje svoie vrijeme Jed
nom, kad mu je "a petama bila ceta pollca-
jaca, Jesse je pjesice prosao ravno kroz pla-
ninu 35 milja liz Arkansas i izisao van u
draw Missouri. Tako su goleme Spite O.
zarka koie jos do dana danasnjega do kra-
ia nisu istrazene. Zaista velko cudo prirode
U Arkansasu postoji jedno umjetno Gu
zero Norfork Ozark planinama, nedaleko
Cd drzave Missouri Jezero Norfork Sc u
gnjezdilo po proplanicima klancima pla-
nine, a sastoji sc Cd mnogo rukava iii "a
Ijeva razgranjenih ma sve strane jezera. Ia
ko Jezero Norfork pokriva 3d. 700 akera zem-
lie. Niegova obala sc proteze ma preko 500
milja, te je dulje nego cd Pittsburgha do
Chicago.
UMJETNO JEZERO NORFORK
Norfork Dam, hrvatski "Nasip" Ali ovo
nije nasip vet ustava, masivna gradjevina
cd cimenta celika Dam ie podignut u jed
nom uskom klancu ma rijeci North Fork
River tjesnacu izrnedju pecina ma obje o.
bale njeke. Dam je kolosalna gradjevina -
pa noge (feet) visok, 1924 feet dug. Ma
vrhu Dana je autocesta. Ispod MEGA ma
stavlja normalno svoj daljnji tok North Fork
River
utrobi Dana postavljena su 2 gene
ratora koje pokretu turbine ma vodu. Voda
liz jezera dolad kroz ogromne celicne cijevi,
tako, da sc nijedna kap vode neizgubi. Ma
ulazu iz podnozja Dana njegovu utrobu,
sam pogled ma ovu kolosalnu gradjevinu
prama kojoj je covjek mrav, osjecas, da Sc
suocuies necim velicanstvenim. Pravi Ko-
los.
U utrobi je velih prostor sa elektricnom
rasvijetom. Hladno kao ledenici Silna pro-
mjena vanjske vrucine. Ottawa fabrika We
ikom masinerijom Jedan generator produ-
cira $4,000 kilovat sah elektricne energije.
To je energija dovoljna "a snabdjevanje e.
lektricnom snagom grad cd 100000 pucan-
stva.
Povrh Norfork Dana razllo sc umjetno
Norfork Lake - je1ero. Svrha mu je "a
kontroiu povodnja, rezervoj iii snabdjeva-
ME pueanstva vodom, snabd jevanjem elek-
tricnom snagom snabdjevanjem jezera rije-
ka pritoke 8 plemenitom ribom.
UMJETNO MRIJESTILISTE
HATCHERY - RIBE
Ispod Norfork Dana, neposrednoj bill
zini nalazi sc kulturna stanica umjetno leg
10 Hatchery gojenje ribe, razplod, cine
Sc snabdjevaju rijeke jezera, da su bogate
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-06-03

NaruHte 61n pFijei
Evening star., 1959-06-24

'bers sre expected 10 consult
formally with their Democratic
Party leaders in the next few
days. Among them is T. How
ard Duckett, veteran banker.
who has had influence over the
commission since he helped
found 1t II years ago.
The chairmanship in the
hands Of a Montgomery County
member presumably would
weaken Mr.. Duckett's influence.
He Is known to be In close
touch with the controversy.
Contract Awarded
During their meeting the
commissioners awarded q con-
tract Of s2.7S7. 900 to the Malan
Construction Co.. Of New York
for the second phase Of con-
struction Of Watts Branch wa
ter filtration plant on the Po-
tomac River.
The contract covers the con-
struction Of the filtration plant
itself. The same firm earlier
received a first-phase contract
Of $3.5 million covering intake
facilities, pumping station, res
ervoir and underground pipes.
The $28 million plant is ex-
pected to be ready next year.
Evening star., 1959-06-24
z Indicted
In Moonshine
Shooting

BALTIMORE. June "a (spe-
ciaD John w. Hawkins. 81, a
st. Mary's County farmer. yes
terday was indicted by a Fed
eral grand jury here on charges
OF shooting an Internal Rev.
enue Service agent and Of
moonshine violations OF the
liquor tax laws.
Made a co-defendant in the
charges was his wife, Mrs.
Alice Hawkins.
Last May 81. the Federal
grand jury indictment charged,
he assaulted Investigator John
r. Brown, 6326 Abingdon road,
Oxon Hill, by shooting him
with a l2-gauge shotgun. Haw-
kins was shot and wounded
while attempting to escape,
officers said.
The defendants were charged
with operating a $50 gallon
still on their farm near Me-
chanicsville. Illegally acting as
distillers, fermenting and max
Evening star., 1959-06-24
CiivicGroup
Elects in
Calvert

PRINCE FREDERICK, Md.
June "a (SpeciaD Hiram L.
Lawrence Of Breezy Point has
been elected president of the
newly-activated Calvert Coun-
" Civic Federation.
Other new officers are Robert
w. Benner Of Willows, vice
president; Mrs. Margaret BIZ
Vens, Dares Beach, secretary:
and Edgar s. Campbell, Long
Beach, treasurer.
Directors are John T. George
Of Holiday Beach; Louis j.
Milbourne, Randle Cliffs; Ken
meth Gerard. Long Beach; Mrs.
Sylvia Longbon, Dares Beach:
William B. Richards, Neeld
Estate; Norman E. Prince, Sci
entist's Cliffs; S. Woodrow
Schwartz, Willows Beach; Phil
lip Ellis. Breezy Point; Mrs.
Estelle Friedericks, Calvert
Beach; Joseph Sizoo, Cove
Point, and Henry Albright,
Kenwood Beach.
Among its first actions, the
federation voted to ask appro-
PIRATE State authorities to en-
force regulations governing the
pumping of bilge water by
ships passing in Chesapeake
Bay to prevent killing of fish
by oil and chemical pollution.
The federation also asked
that a survey Of property as
sessments be made to deter
mine If beach property owners
are receiving added benefits
comparable to increased taxes
levied against them.
Evening star., 1959-06-24

various commonwealths so as to
protect the confidence in which
Information is communicated to
pastors in the exercise Of their
ONCE from involuntary court
room interrogation
Commissioners to the saith
annual conference Of the Balti-
more Synod. United Presbyteri-
an Church, USA. said the reso-
luton was inspired by a case
last year when a Washington
pastor was forced to testify
under contempt Of court pres
sure on a confidential matter.
Similar situations have aris-
en- in recent years in several
States, bringing a strong reac-
ton from ministers and coun-
ellis Of churches as what they
regard as an invasion Of pas
toral condolences.
Barrier TO Condolences
Pastors have pointed out that
their members would hesitate
in confiding in them If they
felt their voluntary confessions
might some day be aired in
court.
Last year a bill to grant
ministers immunity from this
kind Of testimony was passed
by the House of Representa-
tives. But Congress adjourned
before the Senate could act on
the measure.
Two resolutions dealing with
segregation also were approved
by the commissioners yester-
day.
One indorsed legislative ac-
tions seeking to end racial dis
elimination and exclusion in
restaurants. hotels and other
places of public accommodation
within the bounds Of the
synod"
The other supported the prin-
ciple Of "open occupancy in
housing'-the right of people
to move in any area regardless
Of race, religion or other dis
eriminatory qualities.
Sees Inconsistency
One minister said: "I am
wondering about the wisdom of
talking about other peoples
sins. If we clean up our own
doorstep and can set an exam
pie that Is worthy Of admira-
ton. fine. But 1t seems to me
there is a rank inconsistency
about what we do and what we
say"
The Rev. Don Irwin of Wash
ington, minister of Wallace
Memorial Presbyterian Church,
was named vice moderator yes
terday. The Eew moderator.
the Rev. Jack M. Group of Bal
timore, was elected Monday.
The Baltimore Presbyterian
Synod has l80 churches with
10000 members In Maryland,
Delaware, Northern Virginia
and the District of Columbia.
The Rev. George H. Yount.
minister of First Presbyterian
Church, Arlington, retiring
Evening star., 1959-06-24

Smith is better qualified at the
end OF a year, ! am agreeable
to going along with It," Mr..
Hewitt said.
The statement made in the
middle Of yesterdays meeting
drew no comment from Mr..
Smith. Later he agreed with
Mr.. Hewitt that progress Is
being made"
Mr.. Smith declined to elabo-
rate. Mr.. Hewitt said that by
progress he referred to the
choice Of commission staff Of
ficials such as the secretary,
treasurer and some persons in
the engineering and legal de-
partments. No changes have
been made yet.
Prince Georges three mem
Evening star., 1959-06-24

moderator. told the 2S5 minis
ters, ruling elders and women
C o m m is sioners that the
national magazine of the
United Presbyterian Church.
Presbyterian Life" now has a
record circulation Of l.l48,677.
Mr.. Yount said this subscrip-
ton list made the publication
"the largest church magazine
in the world"
Further reports will be made
at the synod session today at
Hood College. The four-day
meeting will end tomorrow.
Evening star., 1959-06-24
ADVERTISEMENT
What to Do
About Your Voice

OEver listen to a recording
OF your own voice talking to
somebody else? This article in
July Readers Digest cites
cases of business executives
shocked at the emotional traits
such recordings betrayed
gives clues on how voice con-
troll can actually help you inn
prove your personality. July
Readers Digest on sale at
newsstands todayl
Evening star., 1959-06-24
Salvation Army Shift

CHARLOTTESVILLE, Va, June
"a (SpeciaD - Capt. Emery
Frierson, commanding officer Of
the Salvation Army Corps in
Charlottesville, leaves for Nor
folk today to assume command
Of the Army's operation there.
He will be succeeded by Capt.
Harold Davis who has been in
charge of the Salvation Army
in Petersburg for the past five
years.
Evening star., 1959-06-24

year Lerfns providing MS coun-
ty has 1t the FIRST year.
Mr.. Hewitt is the choice of
Montgomery members for the
job. while Prince Georges is
backing Blair H. Smith. The
six commissioners took office
June /.
Progress" Reported
IF the commissioners from
Prince Georges think Mr..
Evening star., 1959-06-24
Pastoral Condolences
Laws Urged bySynod
BY CASPAR NAMES
Star Stan Writer

FREDEDtCK, Nd. June 24.-Natona and State law-mak-
making bodies urged pass bills protecting pastoral conf
dences in resolution approved yesterday by the Baltimore
Presbyterian Synod.
The motion called upon law-makng bodies within the
bounds synod examine and revise the statutes Of the
Evening star., 1959-06-24

ing 87s gallons Of mash and
possessing 26 gallons Of illegal
spirits. Assistant United States
Attorney John r. Hargrove
presented the case.
Evening star., 1959-06-24
Rototing Choirmonship
Compromise Rejected

Prince Georges Countys three members the Washington
Sanitary Suburban Commission yesterday Stunned Mont
gomery County proposal for ending the Craftsmanship dead
lock.
Frank L. Hewitt jr Of the three Montgomery County
Evening star., 1959-06-24

Put steel to use.
In major MILL an TIT designed automation system
records the production requirements then feeds back progress
reports to control centers each phase of the making
process is completed.
TIT Knows Attenuation
You'll find TIT auomaon systems in libraries oil companies
railroads. maorer houses the air forces of NAO gov
ernments, many
To create them requires complete understanding of automation
from the design of simple switch to the functionng of fully
integrated electronc complex.
And TIT kno automaton has been partner automation
progress from the beginning
Thousands of TIT System scientists and echnicians- the
United States in Western Europe in plants and laboratories
four continents contributing to that progress.
You are the beneficiary.
Evening star., 1959-06-24
AUT0MATI0N CUT ITS Teeth ON THE TELEPHONE

Pick up the receiver Dial any number You're practcng thu
art of auomaton The complex switching system which guides
your call was one Of the original examples
Now telephone switching echnque coupled with develop
mens In eecroncs altering the operations of virtually every
business and industry.
Iwa natural that TIT System companies pioneers both
telephony and ecro should become leaders in automation
How AutOmatOn Is Changing Your Way Of Life
Cash check.
1t will be coded sorted and verified automatically of
Americas largest banks by Ideveoped automatic banking
system.
Mail letter.
The nations first automatic post Office being constructed
by an TIT subsidiary in Providence Rhode Island, will speed
on its way.
Evening star., 1959-06-24
I. I. I .l1|0
INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND rELEoRAr

c cpoR
======. = ==:===" $". ==
Evening star., 1959-12-19
% Students Set
Holy Land Trip

Twenty-three students of
WMAL-TV's telecourse Intro
duction to the Old Testament
will fly to the Holy Land to-
morrow with DR.. Edward w
Bauman, teacher of the course
The group will spend Christ.
mas eve in Jerusalem and
Christmas Day on a pilgrimage
to Bethlehem. They will visit
seven countries, following the
trailwayS of the Old and New
TeStamentS, before returning
home on January 7.
The telecourse, sponsored by
WMAL-TV. American Univer-
sity. and the National Capital
Area Council of Churches, will
return to the air at IL am,
February 2.
Evening star., 1959-12-19

GoSpelS. In the "Confraternity
Version" of the New Testament
edited by Roman Catholic
scholars-the verses are:
st. Matthew 13.55-"Is not
this the carpenters son? Is
not his mother Mary. and his
brethren James and Joseph and
Simon and Jude? And his sis
ters, are they not all with us?"
st. Mark 6:3-"Is not this
the carpenter, the son of Mary.
the brother of James, Joseph,
Jude and SimonP And are not
also his sisters here with us?"
We must remember that the
Bible was not written in Eng
lish. The common language Of
the time of Christ was Aramaic.
The claim of the early
Church Fathers and the Coun-
Gil of Nicea, was that the
mother of Jesus was ever
virgin. Some of the early
Fathers-like st. Cyril of Alex
andria (376-444)-believed the
brethren" we're children of St.
Evening star., 1959-12-19

ences but on the Universal
Tradition Of the Church. 1t is
a Roman Catholic teaching that
the full truth Of God is de-
posted in the Church, but that
certain truths-once delivered
are later defined.
The Dogma of Immaculate
Conception - that Mary was
born without sin-was promul-
gated Dec. 8 1854 by Pope Plus
TX. The Dogma Of the Assump-
tion-that Mary was physically
transported to heaven after her
death - was promulgated by
Pope Plus XII, Nov. /, 1850.
Both doctrines were taught for
Evening star., 1959-12-19

that has been gaining in pop
ularity is The Carol of the
Drum" which tells of a little
boy who has nothing he can
give to Christ but shows his
love for the Savior by playing
his drum. "Fum-fum-fum" is a
Spanish dance carol. A light
example of the genre is
Twelve Days of Christmas"
Rector Wrote Carol
Perhaps the most famous
American carol, 20 Little
Town of Bethlehem" was
written by the noted DR..
Phillips Brooks while rector of
a Philadelphia church. The
music for the song was COM
posed by the superintendent of
the church school.
Prof. Meyer cited three carols
rejecting the background of
the States in which they or
iginated. What Month Was
My Jesus Born In?" has a
spiritual quality and came into
being in Mississippi. Jesus,
Jesus, Rest Your Head" is asso-
ciated with Kentucky and 20
Mary, Where Is Your Baby?"
with Louisiana.
Prof. Meyer, who serves as
director of admissions at WeS-
ley Seminary as well as pro-
feSsor of music and speech and
is also part-time minister OF
music at Woodside Methodist
Church, Silver Spring. Md,
first became interested in carols
20 years ago while on the staff
of the Mount Vernon Place
Methodist Church in Balti-
more. The Sunday Evening
Club asked him to give a pro-
gram and he started to look
into source material for a COL
lection of carols. Through the
years he has amaSsed a large
amount of material.
The professor and his wife,
who accompanied him on the
piano and sang, are both
natives of PerkaSie, Pa. They
met at a church there when she
was asked to serve as the &C
companist for the North Penn
Chorus and he was hired as
director. Both coincidentally
taught in the Sellersville-
PerkaSie High School. She is
a graduate of Wilson College,
Chambersburg, Pa, and he
went to Temple University and
the Westminster Choir Col
lege, Princeton.
Prof. Meyer first Joined the
Wesley Seminary staff in l945
when the school was at West
minister, Md.
Evening star., 1959-12-19
ChiIdren's Fete Set

The Christmas program ~
the Sunday School for Re
tarded Children will be held at
8 pm. Wednesday in Bethle-
hem Lutheran Church, Six
teenth and T streets Sc. The
children will take part in a
telling of the Christmas story
and in singing Christmas songs.
Evening star., 1959-12-19

LUTHERAN MISSOURI SYNOD
Evening star., 1959-12-19

EDWARD Meyer, professor OF
church music and speech at
Wesley Theological Seminary,
gave clergymen at the WASH
ington Ministerial Union meet
ing in Palisades Community
Church an insight into this
fascinating field.
Christmas carols come out of
folk carols, which for the first
thousand years of their exist
ence were not sung. During
the time of st. Francis of As
siSi Q182-1226) a new spirit
sprung up through his desire
to have little boys and girls
know more about the church
festivals. He encouraged them
to sing the folk carols.
Starting in the 18th century
the carols were used as part of
the mystery plays, religious
dramas dealing with Scriptural
incidents usually revolving
around the birth, life and death
of Christ,
Sung Independently
Gradually the carols achieved
independence and were sung
by themselves. One tradition,
which Prof. Meyer explained
is probably apocryphal, said
when the carols were part of
the mystery plays the singers
walked of the stage between
the acts and went through the
streets. Like the Pied Piper of
Hamlin. the audience followed
them. In this way, the tradi-
ton stated, carol singing super
Seded the play and the custom
of singing them by wandering
street groups started.
For a time during the stern
Puritan period in England,
carols were banned as being too
frivolous. So they went under
ground for many years, with
little groups surreptiously
gathering to sing them. Be-
cause of this ban the Christmas
hymns. as more appropriate
and serious, came into exist
ence.
In the 18th century people
freed themselves of the fear Of
Christmas carols. The latter
were resurrected and published
for the first time in book form
in the oxford Book of Carols.
Since then numerous volumes
of carols have been issued
around the world.
Carols are Of many kinds.
Two examples of the early
French carols are Sing, Noel"
and Bring a Torch, jeanette,
Isabella" The former swings
back and forth from a jovial
spirit to an austere concern
with doctrinal truth. In the
latter a naive acceptance of
timlessness is expressed, with
someone in the present bring
ing a cross to the Christ Child
in the cradle.
Noel" and 20 Come. All Ye
Faithful" are two of the best
known traditional carols. One