davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

ciated. What is good for everyone
is paramount. This makes it more
difficult for the privileged ones
among us; because even if you
have money, and even If you have
not paid it all in taxes. you do
not really have anything to spend
it on. Because if you try to buy
something that is better. you
usually wind up with something
that is merely different.
This is, in my opinion again, as
it should be. 1t takes off the edge
of the competition that other
wise would be nasty. 1t takes
away another motivation. and
throws the individual back into
the freedom of his own soul,
where he can do with his other
wise comfortable life what he
chooses. This is good, If applied
to good people who know how to
use their freedom.
But now let us consider the
consequences of applying this
thoroughly democratic order of
things to the pursuit Of intellec-
tual achievements. Intellectual
achievements are not attractive
in themselves. The enjoyment of
intellectual achievements is most
definitely an acquired taste. You
don't start out by liking classical
music. You learn to like it. You
don't start out by seeing the diff
ference between good and bad
architecture. You have to learn
to see. And you sit down in front
of a scientific treatise and unless
you have worked on it a lot, it
might as we'll be in Volapuk. VOL
apuk: an extinct artificial Ian
gauge.)
Just Non intellectual
Intellectual achievement is not,
and perhaps never can be, for
everybody. This is not appreciated
in our democratic society. Now it
has been said recently about the
American public, about American
opinion, that it is anti-intellectual.
I believe that this is not so. Amer
lean opinion is not anti-intel-
lectual. 1t is nonintellectual.
An intellectual is not resented;
he is recognized as a person out
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

What they report is generally
friendly reception The vitupera-
lions of the Soviet officials do not
represent the feelings of the man
on the street in Moscow. But when
any of my friends happened to
mention that he was scientist,
this was another thing again. He
became a wonderful person, no
matter where he came from. A
scientist That is really fine.
Now let us consider the posi-
ton of the scientist in our coun-
try. Let me start by saying that
1 am going to criticize-but l am
going to criticize in a matter
which is not easily changed, and
l cen offer no easy remedies. The
poor situation in science stems
from q generally good situation of
society as a whole; I will try to
explain how in my mind these two
things ere connected. And I GER
tainly don't want to change the
general good background to save
a detail even if that detail be ever
so important. We shall have to
think our way around this prob
lem.
But first, let me try my hand at
the diagnosis. I told you that the
Russian children are driven on by
the whip. Ours are not. And I
think this is right. If we should
embark on a competition in WELD
ing whip, there is no doubt that
the Russians will win. Further
more, the greatest accomplish
mentS in this world are not &C
complished by the whip. They are
accomplished for other reasons
for reasons of inner necessity and
that is how it should be.
We live in a democracy. I am
almost tempted to say that we
live mere, in this country, in the
only true democracy the world has
ever known. And by that mean
not only political democracy not
only that we have the means by
which to determine our political
fate. l mean more, much more.
I mean economic democracy. 1
mean that all our production is
for the masses. All value judg-
mentS are for the masses. What is
good for just a few is not appre-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

Asia until after the capture of
mainland China by the Commu-
nistS and the Red invasion of
South Korea.
The strategy, so ably artlcu-
lated by George KEENAN, in 1947,
was based on the theory that the
Communist society contained the
seeds of it's own destruction. If it
could be confined to specific geo.
graphic limits "by the adroit and
vigilant application of counter
force at a series of constantly
shifting geographical and politi-
cal points, corresponding to the
shifts and maneuvers of Soviet
policy" it would eventually fall of
its own weight.
The KEENAN, thesis was valid
only so long as the Western world
Cd retained the clear-cut military
superiority needed to contain
Communist adventurism and (2)
had the will and determination
to enforce its containment policy
worldwide.
Unfortunately, after a brief pc
Rod of unqueStioned supremacy,
when the United States was the
sole posseSsor of atomic weapons,
the Vests preponderance of mill
tary power diminished rapidly as
the SovietS developed their own
nuclear capability.
Today the strategy of contain
ment, still the basis of United
States policy, is justified on the
ground that it is the only realistic
course of action under conditions
of nuclear Stalemate. Its cham
pionS everywhere de-emphaSize
their compromises and small re-
treats and leave the impression
that containment is, in fact, being
achieved.
Steady Erosion
Entirely discounting the queS-
ton of intellectual honesty which
is involved, the net result within
much of the public mind and OF
the corporate personality of the
executive branch has been the
steady erosion OF our most Uttal
national characteristic, our tOill-
to-Win. In sum, what it amounts
to is that the American team
and with it the entire team of the
Atlantic Community and the free
worlds playing for what it
hopes will be draw. Meanwhile,
the Communist team is throwing
everything it has into the game
to win. No wonder Mr.. Khru-
shchev can say with such grim
conviction, I'VE will bury you"
Recently new theory has
emerged as a further justification
of the policy of containment. 1t
is based on the premise that as
time passes the Communist and
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS systems will
gradually merge into some form
of socialist society.
During the same last 10 years,
when the "convergence-contain-
ment-yeast Of change" package
was developing, there has also
arisen within the United States
an ultratimid economic philos-
ophy. This has been nouriShed on
the idea that our national econ
omy is an extremely fragile mech
anism. While it is capable of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
AWAKENING AFRICA
A Chart for Successful independence

but a handful of undistinguished
Frenchmen are employed as SUBJ
ordinates in a few ministries. al
though there are number of
highly-trained foreign Africans in
government service. Virtually no
officials speak any other foreign
language besides the lingua franco,
French. Even the brilliant young
ambassador recently appointed to
Washington, Dialo Tell, as yet
knows no English.
AS in most of Negro Africa
there is great poverty and but a
tiny middle class. In Guinea the
merchants are mainly SyrianS and
Lebanese. There are far too few
literates, a shortage of hospitals,
roads and industry. Natural re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
SCIENCE CHALLENGE
Within Ten Years. Surpassed

side the common society. II he
gets something accomplished, he
is even greatly honored. He may
be put on pedestal. which is not
the right place for him to be, In
my opinion. But he is never, never
understood.
There is a chasm separating the
scientist from the common crowd.
This chasm has been established
on both sides, and both sides
must make an effort to overcome
it. Our society will not be healthy
until, and unless, this chasm is
bridged.
I think we should recognize, all
Of us, that in this chronological
age a person cannot be called
educated If he does not under
stand at least in general terms the
laws OF this world that God has
created. And If he does not under
stand the changes that we men
have made in this world around
us, by the remarkable achieve
ments of technology, he is not
going to guide our future in the
right way.
AS long as we consider the SCI
enlist as a magician, most often
as a student of black magic, we
shall be ignorant strangers in our
chronological world.
Underestimotion Danger
There can be no greater mistake
than to underestimate the Rus
slams and the Communist empire.
To my mind, together with this
appreciation which may be the
basis of a future understanding,
there must go another realization.
Russia. the Communist world, is
a machine. 1t is a magnificent
machine. 1t is an admirable ma
chine. But it is machine. And
the men of Russia are no more
than parts of this machine.
1 feel that the basic fact of this
challenge is this: The world has
become very small. We do inf1u-
ence our neighbors. Our neigh
bors do influence us. Today we
have learned how to harness the
atom. Tomorrow we are likely to
find out how to influence the
weather. Man has cultivated the
land for millenia. We may soon
find out how to cultivate the
oceans.
All this is impossible for an
individual. for company, even
for a nation. 1t cannot be accom-
plished except by cooperation be-
tween nations. The question be-
fore us is this: Shall that CO.
operation be enforced by an iron
rule or shall it be cooperation
between free partners? We know
our answer. We know the diff
cultieS of the adjustments that go
with our answer, and We would
like to take time to work out our
solution. But time is what we
don't have, because the Russians
on the other side are not taking
time.
There is going on today in the
world a revolution of the UNDER
dog of yesterday. 1t is the revo-
luton which has been called the
revolution of rising expectations.
1t proceeds along with the turbu-
lent expansion of the industrial
revolution over the whole world,
Who will lead that revolution,
we or they? The advantages OF
direct action. of strict organiza-
ton, is with them. We have moth
ing but the ability of the individ-
ual. 1t rests on the individual,
on each of us, whether this revo-
luton will bring about a world
which will be slave, or a world
that will be free.
And the education of the scien-
fist is an integral and important
part of that fateful decision.
The Associated Press
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
BY FRED THEROUX
Star stan Writer

The impact of the Presidents
proclamation Of Captive Nations
Week" on July II has been little
short of amazing. Its ultimate
effect remains to be seen, but to
date 1t has caused Cd a bitter,
emotional and surcharged re-
Spouse from the Soviet Union;
% bewilderment and an almost
personal sense of chagrin among
diplomats representing the So
called satellite nations of Central
and Eastern Europe; 90 surprise
among Western and neutralist
diplomats in Washington that the
United States chose so tense a
time, with the Geneva conference
in session and with Vice President
Nixon in Moscow, to exacerbate
an old issue; "a amazement
among American newspapermen
that resolution of Congress, re-
emphasizing a stand known to be
United States policy since 1945,
should be taken so seriously by
Communist governments.
Among State Department Off
Gals directly concerned with rela-
lions with Poland, Czechoslovakia,
Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary,
reactions were mixed. Some, I'M
derStandably not to be identified.
see in the action a severe setback
to their laborious efforts to NOR
malize" diplomatic relations with
the nations in their official areas.
Others approve the action but
question the timing. Still others
express annoyance that the proc
lamation gave to the Kremlin, as
if on silver platter, ready
made excuse for additional in
transigence and a "made-in-
USA" peg on which to hang new
Communist broadcastS from Radio
Moscow on an old theme: Amer
lea strives always to perpetuate
and extend the cold war.
Some Annoyance
In all the American reactions
there is discernible a measure of
annoyance. But the annoyance
is ascribed to various triggers. To
some, Congress is to blame for
choosing so delicate a time in the
development of international rela-
tons to approve a resolution
which. to many members of Con-
gress, is almost as routine as ap-
proving resolution in favor of
motherhood, good health, or the
Deity. To others, the Kremlin
is to blame for using a resolution
that merely repeats a well-known
American position to embarraSS
Mr.. Nixon and to neutralize the
contribution of the American Ex-
position in Moscow to a lessening
Of international tensions.
When Senator Paul Douglas,
Democrat of Illinois, and Senator
Jacob Javits, Republican of New
York, joined in sponsoring the
resolution in the Senate, they
expressed the hope that approval
would strengthen the hand of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

engineers. the most forward look
ing group of men in the applica-
tions OF science to increase our
power over nature and to use this
power to the happiness and adj
vancement of all.
If you would then have enum-
Grated the other countries of the
world, Russia would have come
way down on the list BY quite a
few Of us, Russia might have been
forgotten.
Today there is question where
leadership lies. But there is no
question which country is devel-
oping scientists most effectively.
This country is Russia.
think there cannot be shad-
ow of a doubt that 10 years from
now Russia will be the unques-
toned leader in the scientific
field.
This is something which I be-
lieve we cannot change, no mat
ter what we do today. To educate
q scientist is a long-drawn-out
process. 1t takes many years. The
best minds are the youngest
minds. The chief contribution to
scientific work is made by people
between. say, IS and 30. The peo-
pie on whom this duty will fall
in 10 years are learning today.
They are in greater number and
they are better educated in the
Soviet Union than they are any,
where else. And even if we bend
all our efforts to change the pres
ent situation, all we can hope for
is to regain lost leadership later.
That we are going to lose our
leadership is inevitable.
Russia, by the organization OF
its country-an orgariZa ion whi'h
does not simply find its roots in
communism but which goes back
through the cen turies-is coun-
try where the individual is told
what to do and he does it. After
the revolution the Russians were
told, I'VE have to do something
about science"
In Russia. a scientist is privi-
legged individual. He has all the
honor. the comforts. and he has
also security. This in Russia
means more than it means in our
country. We believe, and 1 think
rightly, that ell Of us should be
respected if not honored; that all
of us should have a comfortable
life and most of all. the life and
liberty of us all should be secure.
This is as it should be. But in the
Soviet Union a child knows that
he can be comfortable only if he
Is a politician-a successful poll
tician, that is-or a scientist. And
he can be secure only if he is
scientist.
In order to embark on their
scientific career. they work hard.
They have to work hard. There
Is the whip of necessity which falls
on every person in the Russian
society.
EFinndIv Perankion
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

~-~->-~------- -->->-->--~------>---~
some disturbing conclusions with
regard to the United States. First,
in terms of the degree of effort
being expended by the individual
American citizen to change his
tory, the United States certainly
ranks third in the great trium-
virate, we'll behind Communist
China and the USSR.
Second, although the United
States has spent great quantities
of treasure and human resources
in all quarters of the globe, this
has been done not to change his
tory, but rather to keep history
from changing.
Third, this infatuation with the
status quo has caused a general
sterility of our political thought.
1t has created a tendency to &C
cept the compromise of our out
lying political positions rather
than face the sacrifices that more
vigorous alternatives might re-
quire. But what is probably the
most dangerous development of
ALT has resulted in the gradual
erosion of our individual and ma
tional Will-to-Win.
When it became apparent,
shortly after World War II, that
our hopes for a long period of
peace based on the continued CO.
operation of the five great war
time allies, the United States,
United Kingdom, USSR, France
and China, were not going to be
realized, we attempted - either
consciously or worcestershire
stabilize the world in the pattern
it had fallen into in 1916.
This attempt soon fell by the
wayside. for two main reasons:
First, the long -smoldering resent
ment within colonial areas against
the overlordship of certain West
ern nations had burst into flame.
Second, the Communist organiza-
tionS, which had used the war to
expand their political and mill
tary strength, took advantage of
the unrest to initiate series of
civil wars.
The Policy Of Contoinment
AS a consequence. we adopted
a policy of containment which we
have been attempting to imple-
ment ever since in Europe and
the Near East, but did not at
tempt in earnest to implement in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
By DIR. WALTER H. JUDD

A nations greatness, when as
sessed in terms of history, is
measured by it's impact on the
course of human events. And
nations impact on human events
is directly proportional to the
drive, the vigor, the determination
of its people to shape their own
environment.
This generalization. when ap-
piled to today's world, leads to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

to reject membership as a semi
autonomous state of the new
French community. But its neigh
borS may leave the community
whenever they desire, and Mr..
Toure-along with Prime Minister
Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, with
which Guinea is nominally united
is not discouraging them.
Common Problems
1--WE consider our freedom as
one of the springboardS of Afri-
can independence" he said.
Mr.. Toure has a considerable
job on his hands in Guinea de-
spite his concern with his leigh
borS' political aspirations. France
withdrew technical personnel and
grants almost Immediately after
Guinea voted for independence. as
Gen. de Gaulle had warned she
would.
Other countries were quick to
recognize GuineaS sovereignty
but, in Difference to Paris anger,
Jagged in opening diplomatic mis-
Sions here or granting material
aid. Unlike African territories
which came to independence I'M
der a phaSed plan, Guinea was on
its own from the moment of birth.
Watching the reticence of the
West to give Guinea hand, the
Soviet bloc moved in. The
Czechs provided arms for which
Mr.. Toure had vainly asked the
United States. Russian and Satel-
lite embassies opened up. The
WeSternerS finally got the point
and came along-including the
French, British and Americans.
This once quiet city of less than
100000 population has become an
international capital, with two
principal centers of activity-the
attractive former palace of the
French governors now called the
presidency, where Mr.. Toure re-
ceives a constant stream of callers,
and the handsome, ironically
named Hotel de France.
Experts Needed
For most foreigners-French or
otherwise-the uneasy air of this
attractive city is at once discern
ible, despite the beauty of its rich
tropical foliage and its superb
seaside situation. The GuineanS,
while polite, do not seem really
comfortable with visitors. They
are extremely sensitive about their
independence, jealous of its pre-
negatives, and-justifiably-still a
little insure of the success they
will have as a sovereign state.
There appears to be a great need
for advisers - people experienced
in the machinery of government
and diplomacy. At the moment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

The author, now serving his ninth con-
seeutive term as O Republican Repre-
sentative from Minnesota, is member
Of the House Committee on Foreign
Affoirs end a recognized authority on
international relations. In the follow
ing article, excepted from the noeo-
zine, Western World. he calls for on
entirely new, "octivist" approach to the
hundred years war" fucine Ecst and
West.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
Friendly Reception

I haven't visited the Soviet
Union myself. But I have talked
with many of my good scientific
friends who have visited there.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
SCIENCE CHALLENGE
BY DIR. EDWARD TELLER

At the end of World War II
there was no question Of where
the leadership in science was to
be found. 1t was right here in
this country.
We had the best scientists, the
biggest and best-trained group of
The scientist known os the "fother Of
the hydrogen bomb" is convinced Russio
will Iced in science in DECIDE. Here's
his suggestion for whot must be done
10 help America catch up.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
The Policy Of Contoinment

AS consequence, we adopted
a policy of containment which we
have been attempting to imple-
ment ever since in Europe and
the Near East, but did not at
tempt in earnest to implement in
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-10-14
Hvala

c CESTRE I BRACO svima vam srdacna
y hvala ma cestitkama ma mojem izboru
kao ma cestitke drugim upravnicima Ia
jednice, koje cestitke primam dnevno IL 81
rokih redova nasega dobrog clanstva. Jest,
oval ponovni izbor je bio dosta teak, ali
cato ie vrijedan i sladak. Kad covjek nesto
dobiva teskom borbom to znade bolje cije-
niti postovati, tako je bio kod meme. Ma
kon izbora drzim Sc one narodne mudrosti:
~ zlu Sc ne ponizi dobru Sc ne uzvisi''.
Covjek Sc nesmije opiti slave, onaj koji
pobjedi treba da je skroman i sirokogrudan.
Svakako, koji izgubi ina pravo da Sc ljuti
grdi, tko je dobio ina da suit.
konvencija, deseta Konvencija je svrsila
sada treba da svi 1.-Two radimo "a dobro
svoje Zajednice, clanstva i svoga naroda.
Treba nastojati da sc duhovi smiruju smi-
re da nasim redovima jos bolje cvate ma
rodna sloga demokracija duhu bratske
liubavi covjecnosti prema svakom pojedin-
Gu svakom narodu. JOS jednom - hvala
vam sestre brace! - Phil.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-10-14

kratko djelatnost owe mladezi
u promicanju nase narodne
kulture.
Doslo je vrijeme rastanku
cd ovog dobrog naroda, j BIZ
10 nam je tesko. Vratili smo
sc bratom Spraitzom u
njegovom gostoljubivom do
mu ostali sve do odlaska ma
uzletiste. Brat Spraitz je zbi-
liza sretan otac i suprug. Uz
dragu gospodju upoznali smo
i ODE kcerke cd kojih je jed
ma diplomirana bolnicarka a
>druga uciteljica, koja Sc ne
davno povratila s dvogodisnje
sluzbe u Evropi gdje je ME
no poznavanje stranih jezika
bilo Cd koristi americkim
vojnickim postrojbama. Jedi
nae sin brata i sestre Spraitz
je po zanimanju lijecnik i sa-
da je ma duznosti u Koreji.
JoS nesto. Brat T. Spraitz
.je skroman covjek j stoga
smo sasvim slucajno doznali
da je on istaknuti gradjanin
So. st. Paula, jer osim broj-
nih duznosti u okviru H.B.Z.,
u svojstvu tajnika odsjeka,
tajnika Federacije, graditelja
Zajednice, on je i predsjednik
Hrvatskog Donna, a u grad
skoj upravi vijecnik Council
mani, dok je jedan drugi Hr-
vat gradski inzinir.
Dobro su nasi u Minnesoti,
nu oni su / dobar marljiv
svijet.
Michael Grasha
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-10-14
NFLACIJA

"a vrijeme inflacije H. G..
Wells posao je svom naklad-
niku, da Sc opet isprica, sto
jos nije nista napisao. Ida
vac ga je dugo nagovarao, da
sto prize napise neki roman.
H. G. Wells je oklijivao.
- Ucinite mi to, zaklinjao
ga je nakladnik. - Napisite
tai roman! Platit Gu yam ko-
liko god budete trazili!
Wells Sc mako zamisli, 4
zatim odgovori:
- Premalo je to!
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1959-10-14
"zDRAVLJE"
Napredak "a Gout izjav|jen

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