davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1959-11-29

I don't need to cut all your throat.
I only need to cut half of your
throat &"
This is the kind of thing into
which we are being led by the in
credible view that any sort of ne
gotiation is good per Sc"
A Broader Attack
Mr.. Acheson mounted a much
broader attack in a recent press
conference:
. "Locomotion seems to have
taken the place of policy and ac-
ton" Referring to the late Sec
retary Dulles travels and Presi-
dent Eisenhower's new yen for
world tours, Mr.. Acheson charged
that when nothing can be accom-
plished everybody starts moving
around The belief seems to be,
he says. that "by going places one
is doing things or getting some
where" He predicted the Presi-
dent will put on another show of
charm without content" in his
Europe Asia Africa tour next
month. What is lacking, Mr.. Ache
son charged, is "a policy, a course,
a purpose in mind"
Q KhrrShchev'S visit here was a
great opportunity missed, because
the President didn't have views"
to present to the Soviet Premier.
The -esUlt, Mr.. Achenson claims,
was that Mr.. KhruShchev turned
his visit into "a circus" during
which he told US something-eVery-
thing that was his was his, and
anybody who interfered might ex-
pect trouble. The Soviet leader
also made it clear, Mr.. AcheSon
said, that there is an alternative
to peace: You'll find out about it
if you fool around with what's
mine"
Q The United States is now en-
dangered by a unilateral relaxa-
ton of tensions induced by Mr..
KhruShchev's visit. Whose ten
sion does Mr.. Khrushchev want
to relax? His own? Clearly not.
Is it American, British, French
and German tensions he wants
to relax? The answer is obviously
yes"
. Negotiation with the Rus
slams on a nuclear weapons test
ban risks drifting into a de facto
suspension without controls, which
the Soviet Union has been seek
ling all along.
. Republican defense policies
have endangered the national Sc
curity. Even further reductions
in ground forces would be almost
the crowning disaster" because
the administration has paid too
Evening star., 1959-11-29

capacity of all 81 dams in the
Tennessee Valley.
5-The Russians have developed
new techniques which they con-
tend will "revolutionize" the art
Of building dams. Some of their
newest work in this field was
shown to the Senate group only
on the last day that the delega-
ton was in Russia.
6LPower is being transmitted
considerably longer distances IN
the Soviet Union than in the
United States, and the ultimate
goal Of the Russians is to have
an interconnected transmission
system stretching all the way
from Vladivostok in the east to
Leningrad in the west-a dis
tance of some 1000 miles. Already
the Russians are transmitting
power for more than 600 miles:
our longest transmission lines are
about 300 miles.
THE Russians are transmit
ting power at higher voltages than
IN the United States. The highest
voltage now in use in the United
States is 345,000 volts; the Rus
Evening star., 1959-11-29

plant under construction in
Siberia. The largest now in opera
ton in the United States is the
Tennessee Valley Authority's King
ston plant, with an installed ca
pacity of 1,44O,000 kilowatts. How
ever. the size Of the units in the
Russian steam plant Is smaller
than the largest on order today
in the United States.
1t should quickly be pointed out
that, despite the leadership which
Russia has achieved in the build
ing of individual dams ana gener-
ating units, the total power ca
pacity of the Soviet Union is still
considerably below that of the
United States. AS of the begin
ming of this year, Russla's total
power capacity was about So mil
lion kilowattS, whereas that of the
United States was about 142 mil
lion kilowatts.
Moreover, the goal which the
Soviet Union hopes to achieve by
1865, the end of the current seven
year program, will represent less
power capacity than the United
States has installed today. The
Evening star., 1959-11-29

Russian goal for 1865 is 110 to
112 million kilowatts. BY 1865,
it is estimated by the Federal
Power Commission that the United
States will have an installed ca
pacity of some 223 million kilo-
watts.
The significance of the Russian
power program, however, lies in
several factors:
First-If the rate of growth of
the United States and the Soviet
Union continues at the present
pace, the Soviet Union could
equal if not overtake the United
States in power capacity in the
1980s.
Second-Even if the Russians
have less electric power capacity
than the United States, the Rus
slams contend that they can out
strip the United States in produc-
ton because they are devoting a
larger share of their power to in
dustrial uses.
Third-The Russian hydroelec-
trio power projects are being used
as the basis for a vast complex
Evening star., 1959-11-29

Russians have now attained world
leadership in hydroelectric power
development:
1.-The Russians already have
in operation the worlds largest
dam-Kuibishev, with a capacity
of 100000 kilowatts. Prior to
completion of KuibiShev, the
worlds largest was Americas
Grand Coulee, with a capacity of
l,900,000 kilowattS.
2-The Russians are nearing
completion on another dam, Sta
lingrad, which will have a power
house even larger than Kuibishev.
Stalingrad's capacity will be
2,530,000 kilowattS.
3-A dam being built on the
Angara River in Siberia and
scheduled for initial operation in
1861 will have an installed ca
pacity of 4.500,0O0 kilowatts-
more than twice the size of Grand
Coulee.
4-Still another dam, Krasno-
yarsk, under construction in ST.
IBERIA, will have a capacity of not
less than 100000 kilowatts-
which is almost twice the power
Evening star., 1959-11-29

slams are transmitting power at
400, 900 volts, and within the next
few months will step this up to
100000 volts. Moreover, they are
making plans to transmit power
at up to 100000 volts, by direct
current. The significance of the
use of these higher voltages is
that they permit the transmission
OF larger blocks of power over
longer distances.
8.-Larger generating units are
being used in Russian hydroelectric
plants than in the United States.
The largest generating units now
in use in hydro plants in the
United States are those at Grand
Coulee, with a rated capacity of
100000 kilowatts each. The Rus
slams already have installed 49,
O00-kilowatt units at Stalingrad;
they will install 225, ,000-kilowatt
units at Bratsk, and 500, 0,000-kilo-
watt.units at Krasnoyarsk.
9.-Although the Senate groups
mission was to study only hydro
electric power, the delegation also
learned that the Russians now
have a 2.4-million-kilowatt steam
Evening star., 1959-11-29
HOW EAR APART ARE THEY?
Acheson-Herter Stands Contrasted

little attention to two essentials
of defense policy: Narrowing the
missile gap and extending the
modernity and quantity of ground
forces"
Lack Of Courage choreed
Previously Mr.. Acheson has
charged that the administration
has not shown the proper cour-
age in seeking an increase in
taxes to build up. Western con-
ventional strength to deal with
threats short of nuclear war.
In his speech before the NATO
parliamentarians the former Sec
retary of State also seemed to be
turning another Republican lance
against its producers: Liberia
ton" of the captive peoples of
Eastern Europe.
The Republicans had left the
impression in 1852 that they would
be more eager and active in lib
Grating East Europe from the
Communist grip than the Demo-
Gratis had been. After Mr.. Eisen-
hover was elected, however, his
administration declined the June
IT, 1858 opportunity in East Ger
many and the November, 1856,
chance in Hungary to support
popular uprisingS-largely because
Of the nuclear-War danger.
Now Mr.. Acheson finds the Re-
publicanS in danger of accepting
the status quo in Eastern Europe.
He told the NATO parliament:
"NATO should look at Eastern
Europe and come quite clearly
to the conclusion that it looks
forward to the time when
government throughout Europe
will have a decent basis in ma
tional acceptance. I'm not talking
about liberation; I'm not talking
about applying force to overthrow
ing regimes in Eastern Europe"
Secretary of State Herter gave
the official Republican answer to
former Secretary Acheson's as
Sault in his press conference last
Tuesday.
After reading the speech, Mr..
Herter said: 1T seems to me that
what Mr.. Acheson had done was
to build up a number of straw
men. and then knock them down.
"The assumption he made was
that the Russians would be insist
ing still on the same position that
they held year ago last Novem-
Der. when this crisis was first pre-
cipItated. Actually they have come
a very long way from that. In ad-
dition, I don't think that he had
any grounds for assuming that we
were necessarily going to make
Evening star., 1959-11-29

electric power development. and
the possible impact of this pro-
gram on world affairs. To un-
derestimate its extent and sig
nificance could be as perilouS as
it'would be to take lightly Russian
progress in missile and rocket de-
velopment.
In fact, the power program,
though less dramatic, ultimately
may prove to be of even greater
significance than the missile and
space exploration program-for
electric power forms the basis of
the industrial might of a mod
ern nation.
Sow Ukroine Projects
The delegation inspected 10
water-power projects on seven
rivers, from the Ukraine in the
east to the Lake Baikal region in
Siberia. The group also held nu-
merous conferences with officials
of the USSR ministry of power
station construction, and visited a
thermal power station, various
other electric facilities, and four
hydroelectric institutes.
We found this evidence that the
Evening star., 1959-11-29
BY DAVID LANCASHIRE
Associated Press staf Writer

'VIENTIANE, Laos.-Laos is a
drowsy Southeast Asian kingdom
the size of Kansas, supported
largely by the American taxpayer.
The United States pays for the
30,000-man army-from shoes to
salaries. rice to guns. 1t footS most
Of the bill for the police force.
United States dollars back the
kip, making the country's colorful
elephant-decorated money one of
the hardest currencies in Asia.
Every sign of progress in the
primitive state of two million
people-schools, drinking wells,
the capitals electric plant-in-
wolves the United States Opera
tions Mission (USOM).
Laos itself does not have
penny to invest" says Laotian
Finance Minister Thao Leuam
Rajasomat.
The American taxpayer has no
prospects of getting anything back
Ill uOlldIo dllu CCLlIos
U, S. Aid Necessary
But without American aid Laos
probably would collapse overnight
and fall to the Communists who
are waging guerrilla warfare to
overthrow the pro-Western gov
ernment.
Since 1855 the United States has
poured $165 million into the
tiny Buddhist nation nestled in the
heart of Southeast Asia f1anked
by Red China and Communist
North Wet Nam.
About so per cent of this money
has gone toward military support.
In addition, a secret amount of
military equipment has been ship
ped in for the army, raising the
overall total of American aid
to an estimated $225 million.
Even with this aid it is diff
cult to see how the little kingdom
can ever be self-sufficient," says
Willard o. Brown, deputy director
of the American mission. But our
end purpose here is to develop
Laos at least more toward the
point of being able to support it
self"
Former USOM Director DAILY C.
Lavergne says Laos is so strategi-
cally located that "if this nation
Evening star., 1959-11-29
The Efforts in Red Chino

Fourth-Russian leadership in
the field of hydroeiectric power is
being used as an important means
OF strengthening the ties of the
Russians with both Communist
and non-Communist nations. AL
ready the Electrosila factory in
Leningrad, which manufactures
generators for power plants, is
supplying equipment for 23 coun-
tries, and Russian engineers are
assisting many nations in their
hydro power projects.
In no country is this work of
more startling proportions than
in Communist China. We learned
that Red China now has 255 dams
under way, and that the goal of
the Chinese is to have a capacity
OF 70 million kilowattS of hydro
electric power in production by
1870. CAS of this year, the United
States had a capacity of more
than 29 kilowatts of hydro power,
and total capacity of more than
142 million kilowatts. The Fed
eral Power Commission estimates
we will have As million kilowatts
OF hydro power, and a total utility
capacity of 283 million kilowatts
in 1900
A Russian engineer told us that
the extent of the dam building
and other public works projects
in Communist China is of such
magnitude that the Chinese now
have a shortage of labor, despite
the fact that they have a popula-
ton of more than $40 million, and
women are used extensively in
their labor force. The shortage
results from the fact that the
Chinese have undertaken a large
scale construction program with
very little mechanization. Only
two years ago the Chinese were
faced with the problem of putting
people to work, the Russian engi-
neer told US.
Evening star., 1959-11-29

velopment programs-the village
self-help plan-has picked up
surprising speed since it was begun
last January.
On a budget Of only Sl75,O00,
plus $334,000 in kip, the USOM
has supplied nails, tools, sheet
iron and materials like cement
and paint for projects chosen by
the villagers themselves.
Villages Are Helped
The Laotians make all the deci-
sions and do the work themselves,
So far it has resulted in 9l8 prof.
ects in $50 villages-new schools.
dlspensaries, wells, irrigation
canals, bridges, pagoda community
centers, cart roads and market
places.
1t is well beyond our expecta-
tions." says USOM Director John
Cool. I'VE were told it would never
work out. The Self-help plan has
done more than any other project
to show off American aid and to
represent the central government
to remote villages.
If it had been initiated a few
years earlier it might have done
much to head off the current pro-
Communist rebellion. But Lao
politicians did not see the need for
1t then. The (pro-C Communist
Pathet Lao movement went into
the villages rarely visited by gov
ernment officials and convinced
the villagers the administration in
Vientiane had no interest in them
and said American aid went only
to help the politicians"
Few Laotians can read. There
are no universities in the country
and only 1000 high school stu
dents. There are 400 elementary
schools without teachers.
Under the United States pro-
gram 500 teachers will be trained
at a national education center
being built outside Vientiane.
The chief barriers to progress in
Laos are lack of roads and compe-
tent civil administration.
One attempt at roadbuilding
with United States aid resulted in
a scandal over a 81 million
highway to the royal capital of
Luang Prabang. Most of the road
has been washed away and only
a potholed track remains.
Evening star., 1959-11-29
Soviet H Hydro-eIectric Growth Is Phenomenal

Of new industrial development.
particularly in Siberia. One evil
dence of the Russian intentions in
this regard is the fact that all of
the construction camps for hydro
electric projects are built as per-
manent cities. AS work on The
dams slackens, industries are built
in the immediate area, and the
new cities are used to house in
duStrial workers.
Evening star., 1959-11-29

The outhor accompanied on ll-mon
United Stotes Senote delegation
which recently conducted on inspec-
tiOn Of vital Soviet hydroeIeetric
power projects. Mr.. Rodin is general
manager Of the Americon Public
Power Association. representing more
thon 900 municipal and other
lOcol, publicly owned electric utilities
throughout the United Stutes. He
wos asked to accompany the Senote
group by Senotor Murroy Of Mon
tono, ehoirmon Of the Committee on
Interior and lnsulor Affoirs.
Evening star., 1959-11-29
$l65 Million U.S S. Dollars in Laos:
Is the Effort Really q Success?

were lost to communism the poll
tical integrity not only of South
east Asia would be placed in seri-
Gus jeopardy but also South Asia.
Our program in Laos not only
makes sense, it's imperative to the
preservation of our way of life"
The American hustle to bring
progress to this lazy land Of blue
mountains, green jungles and
high plateaus has failed to have
much impact on the fun-loving.
unambitious people or their off,
cialS.
During the recent Communist
offensive in the north the lights
burned nightly in the American
aid Offices in this capital, but
Laotian military headquarters
closed for week ends, and Budd-
hist holidays, and regular three
hour noon siestas prevailed during
the crisis.
In a small hotbox Office at the
Lao National Bank an American
financial expert works long hours
to set up system. Downstairs
bank employees sit idly Tipping
elastic bands at lizards scurrying
across the ceiling.
The Laotians average just over
5 feet in height, have brown skins
and broad noses, eyes without
slant. They have a happy and
peaceful disposition and frown on
hard work. They love festivals
and even funerals are gay.
Americans at Work
About 80 Americans are work
ing in the USOM economic pro-
gram. The United States military
advisory section is run separately.
The Americans deal with Lao
tian government officials in
French, the second language for
the kingdom which was under
French rule for a half century
until granted independence in 1949.
Laos receives one of the largest
per capita allotments of United
States aid of all nations in the
world, but there are few trained
personnel to administer the pro-
gram.
Corruption begged down the
program at the start but the aid
projects are beginning to move
more smoothly.
The most effective Of the de-
Evening star., 1959-11-29
By EARL H. VOSS
Star stan Writer

SN0A SNaA "AAkeA
Now it is Dean Acheson who is
accusing the Republican admin
istration of being outwitted by
communism.
In 1852, when Mr.. AcheSon was
Secretary of State for the DEM
ocrats, he was the favorite target
OF John Foster Dulles and other
Republican leaders-on the same
charge.
Mr.. Acheson was accused of
losing China" by failing to give
Chang Kai-shek adequate sup
port against the Chinese Com
muniSts. He was charged with
harboring "pinkoS" in the State
Department. He was pictured as
having failed the captive peoples
of Eastern Europe. His political
enemies blamed him for inviting
the Red attack in South Korea by
placing the Korean Peninsula out
side the United States defense
perimeter.
Now the worm has turned.
The former Secretary, whose
administration built the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization,
ek-TurkiSh aid, the Marshall
Plan. the Berlin airlift, the United
Nations resistance to Red aggres-
sion in Korea, thinks the Republi-
cans have been sucked in" by
Soviet Premier Khrushchev.
Their principal offense:
Negotiating, with Mr.. Khru-
shchev's gun at their heads, about
Berlin, where any change conceiv-
able would be for the worse-and
any talking they do is under the
threat of serious harm.
They are being both unrealiStic
and undignified, he says.
do not negotiate about the
vitals of your survival" he cau-
toned in Indignation at a press
conference recently. Suppose a
man comes to me and says: My
proposal is I should cut your
throat Do I answer let's talk
about it?"
The Heort of NATO
Before the NATO parliament
tarians here a fortnight ago Mr..
Acheson declared:
This issue, want you to note
very carefully, goes to the heart
of NATO and to the heart of the
possibility of creating a counter
power to Russian power. What
this issue is, as stated by Mr..
KhruShchev, is that the PotSdam
agreement is void and illegal, that
the presence of allied troops in
Berlin is illegal and detrimental,
that they should be Immediately
withdrawn. The city should be a
free city under international guar
antees. And that all of this should
be done against what Mr.. Khru-
shchev calls a background of
demilitarized Germany from
which all foreign troops should
withdraw, East and West, and
which should withdraw itself from
NATO and East Germany from
the Warsaw pact. .. :"
Demilitarizing Berlin and Ger
many, however, would mean mov-
ing United States power across
the Atlantic while Soviet power
would be moved only few hun
dred miles away to the Soviet
Union, Mr.. AcheSon explained.
Premier Khrushchev, in other
words, is inviting us to confer
with an idea of coming to terms
about our own existence" the
former Secretary warned. HE
proposes in gentle terms to end
our possibility of independent life.
And he says: Surely we can talk
about this. This is a matter on
which q compromise is possible.
Evening star., 1959-11-29
A FIRsT-HAND REPORT
BY ALEX RADN
forth American Newspaper Alliance


Americans have become pain
fully aware Of Russian leadership
IN the exploration of space. A
delegation representing two COM
mittees Of the United States Sen
ate, recently returned from 8
month-long. 12,OO0-mile trip in
the Soviet Union, has impressive
evidence that the Soviet Unior
has also overtaken the Unite,
States in the building of hydro
electric power dams.
We cannot afford to take light
the Russian program in hydro
Evening star., 1959-11-29

JeCIIFS VI CLlIOWlng tne west out
OF Berlin. but had made procedural
concessions.
AS to the Acheson charge that
the administration has no foreign
policy except one of "locomotion, !"
Mr. Herter retorted the adminis-
tration has very distinct for
eign policy" that the principal OBJ
jective has been clearly enunci-
ated." Methods to achieve the OBJ
Jective obviously vary in diff.
terent countries and in different
sections of the world"
Meeting Acheson Objection
Presumably he was meeting the
Acheson objection that no nego--
tiation was planned during the Eli
SenhoWer visit to the Middle East
area. In that area the admins
tration is maintaining almost
complete silence on the theory
that anything the United States
will be held against it. This tactic,
officials say. deprives nationalistic
groups in the Middle East of the
opportunity of making the United
States target.
In his recent Speechs. Secretary
Herter has defended the admin
iStration policy of negotiating
with the Soviet Union. He de-
cl9red the goal to be agreement on a
set of ground rules" with respect
to weapons of war, on guarding
against surprise attack and other
disarmament measures. This is
the area where Mr.. Acheson too
sees possibilities for mutually ad-
vantageous agreements, rather
than the one-sided Berlin case
where he believes only the West
can lose.
The administration does not see
the period of negotiation ahead
as a dangerous, one-Sided relaxa-
tlon OF tensions. Mr.. Herter
described the situation this way:
President Eisenhower, conclud-
ing that the outlook for peace was
darkening, determined to turn the
course of history away from war
and toward a lasting peace. He
began by inviting Chairman Khru-
Shchev to visit our country. You
know OF the meetings to follow"
Mr.. KhruShchev'S visit, far from
a minus" was a "plus" in the
administrations judgment. 1t
alerted the people to the foes
craftinesS, officials say. Whether
the people were relaxed or alerted
may be tested in the next Con-
gress' appropriations for defense
and foreign aid.
On the quest for nuclear-test
ban, the administration claims to
be as cautious as the Democrats
about being drawn into a test
suspension without controls.
On basic defense policy, soma
officials say the decision to focus
American power in nuclear weap-
ons while reducing ground forces
has proved correct so far, even in
the Berlin crisis. Mr.. Khrushchey.
they say, has needed President
EiSenhower's warning that nuclear
war would surely be his answer
to any move to seize free West
Berlin.
The administration has no in.
tention Of openly recognizing the
status quo in Eastern Europe,
officials say, but there is also great
sensitivity to the dangers for all
civilization of pressing too hard
for Soviet pullback and riskina
q nuclear war.