davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-10
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
By THOMAS R. HENRY
Volume of World Oceans Estimoted

rocks under the oceans.
These studies. com bined
with studies Of the wa
tiers and living creatures
Of the sea, viii tell us much
about the origin and evolu-
ton Of life on earth"
Especially. the report says.
knowledge Of the seas II es-
sential for better weather
predictions and possible
eventual weather control.
About q third Of all the
energy Of sunlight falling on
the earth, the report ex-
plains, Is used to evaporate
sea water. This evaporation.
followed by condensation at
various heights In the atmo-
sphere. is the primary means
by which solar energy 10
absorbed in the atmosphere.
There apparently are fav-
ored places where this evap-
Grafton takes place but their
locations are unknown. There
is good reason to believe. says
the report, that changes In
these locations produce per-
sistent weather patterns.
I'VE know" states the re-
port, that weather condi-
tions we call climate can
change over o few decades.
We suspect that changes In
the storage Of gas and heat
in the oceans will profound
" influence the process.
Vital Defense Role
OF overwhelming import
ance, the National Academy
scientists believe, will be the
role Of the sea depths in fu-
ture national defense for
the submarine armed with
long-range missiles looms a.
the most threatening wea-
pom Of the near future.
An indication Of what may
be found. the report stresses.
Is the discovery. mostly dur
ing the International Geo
physical Year. Of four great
rivers In the sea depths.
more than q thousand times
greater in now than the
Mississippi. There are prob
ably others. Still nobody
knows where the waters come
from or where they 60.
Present research ships. the
report emphasizes, seem quite
inadequate for the kind Of
exploration needed but, it
says. ut seems highly likely
that within the next 10 years
men will descend through
nearly seven miles Of water
to the deepest point On
earth"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-10

free Of charge to help save the
lives Of children. Persons
having old refrigators can
call any member of this as
ISOLATION listed on page 500
in the yellow pages and get
this service free.
Emma Johnson. Sec,
Locksmiths' Association Of
d. c. Area.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-10

claim any right to conceal the fact that
he advocated rebellion. Thomas JEFF
ferson was not wearing mask when he
drafted the Declaration Of Independ-
ence. They and their associates might
have suffered greatly for expressing
their views. But they were willing to
stand up and be counted, and we do not
think they intended the Constitution,
for which they risked everything, to
confer any privileged, secret status on
those who, in this day and age, would
overthrow our form Of government If
they could.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-10
BottIeneck Cure?

The Fourteenth street
bridge bottleneck might be
helped II the southbound
bridge were made four lanes
again. 1t was four lanes when
1t carried two-way traffic and
narrower lanes are not as
DANGEROUS with one-way
traffic.
Has anyone thought of
staggering the bridges as has
been done on Connecticut
avenue and other streets?
One lane Of the new bridge
could be used for Mount Yer
non boulevard traffic in the
evening. One lane Of the old
bridge assuming four lanes)
could be used for northbound
traffic in the morning. North
bound traffic could jog back
to the right at independence
avenue.
Staggering would take some
signs, educating and an APP
proach or two, but it could
be done long before 1861.
New York avenue NE. was
made five lanes with a paint
brush. Surely the southbound
bridge could 60 back to four
lanes with some new lines.
Clyde Taylor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-10
Home Rule and Vote

Five hundred delegates at
tending the 18th national
convention Of the American
Veterans Committee Joined
the District Of Columbia AVG
contingent in unanimously
voting approval Of q Home
Rule and District Suffrage"
plank in the National Affairs
platform. The plank follows:
I'VE urge that the District
Of Columbia receive:
"a. The right to full local
self-government.
"B. The right to vote in
presidential elections and to
representation in the cleo
toral college in proportion to
its population.
&C. The right to elect one
nonvoting Commissioner to
sit in the House of Repre-
sentatives and to represent
the District in Congress.
ID. A fixed annual contri-
button in lieu Of real and per-
sonal property taxes on Fed
orally owned property within
the District Of Columbia"
The delegates representing
over $4,000 members residing
In the several States Of this
Nation voiced disapproval Of
the "second-class citizenship"
status Of our District of Co
lumbia taxpayers.
r. Hal Silver,
National Secretary, Ameri-
can Veterans Committee
(AVC),
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-10
Genocide VS.. Hartman

The article BY Gov. Z. Aver
ell Hartman In the June 3
Star is a Misrepresentation Of
the true situation in the So
Wet Union. Your headline
Labor Camps Called a Thing
of the Past" tends to COM
pound the Misrepresentation.
Gov. Hartman was allowed
to visit q show prison or mod
Ell prison near the capital.
He was never awakened in
the middle Of the night. torn
away from his family. taken
in q boxcar. crowded with
expatriates, to the Arctic or
to Siberia and there left ell
ther to starve or to take q Job
in o mine or IN the woods.
He was never taken in one
direction, his family in an
other, never more to hear
from each other.
The crime Of genocide is
practiced with impunity in
the Soviet Union today. Ac-
cording to the New York
Times edition Of September
Is, 1919. the Soviet govern
ment. while signatory to the
Genocide Convention, deport-
ed 100000 Jews from the
Ukraine and White Russia to
Archangel and Siberia, be-
cause they were considered to
be too prodemocratic to be
left on Soviet borders in case
Of war. The New York Times
correspondent about stimuli
taneously reported to the eff
feet that. according to con-
firming reports received by
the Department Of State. the
Soviet Union was carrying
out q mass deportation Of
Greeks and other Soviet ma
tionals from the Caucasus
area. The Soviet government
committed these atrocities
while q signatory to the Gen.
ocide Convention, but 1t was
not guilty Of the crime Of
genocide, because by defini-
ton (Article II, Genocide
Convention) genocide is not
committed against political
groups.
Would you do the reading
public the justice of trying
to have Gov. Hartman dis
prove the generally accepted
fact that about 20 million ex-
patriates are today lingering.
in separation from family life,
in Siberia and the Soviet Arc
tic. whether in so-called
prison camps or not makes
little difference.
John A. Granlund,
Member Supreme Court Bar,
Attache to the Russian
Ministry Of Foreign AZ
fairs Until the Red Revo-
luton in Russia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-10
Promoting Discomfort

What's In name? That Which ,Oe call
rose
By any other name mould smell as sweet.
That which the Weather Bureau
calls the Discomfort Index" would smell
much sweeter, however, II 1t were called
something else-and we trust that the
Weather Bureau, manned as it is by
thoughtful as well as competent public
servants, will come up with another
name.
Why emphasize discomfort? Why
choose a term that adds one more rea-
son to complain about things as they
are, one more cause for anxiety and
worry? Everybody talks about the
weather. But we think the well-inten-
toned Weather Bureau has used very
poor psychology by trying to do some
thing about 1t in this case. .
Some years ago, under the urging
Of the heating and ventilating engi-
neers, the Weather Bureau undertook
to discover a formula that would indi-
cate combinations of temperature and
humidity causing most discomfort-or,
to put 1t the better way, the greatest
comfort Having learned to regulate
both temperature and humidity indoors,
the engineers wanted some official guild
ance on the combination. Furthermore,
the bromide and inaccurate observation
1T is not the heat but the humidity
evidently got under the sensitive skin
of professional meteorologistS, who
thought the public should be taught
that 1t is a certain combination of heat
and humidity and some other factors
which throws everybody into sweat.
So the Discomfort 1ndex-which, we I'M
derstand, is supposed to be Of some pre-
cautionary value to certain invalids-
has been Incorporated in the daily
weather information.
But from the view of public psy-
chology, the Weather Bureau has pulled
boner. People all around the country
are becoming upset and even discom-
Portable about it. We suggest return to
a previously used term, Effective Tenn
perature," or something of the sort, to
convey information without telling peo-
pie they ought to feel discomfort, re-
CARELESS Of whether or not they do.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-10

Two-thirds Of the earth's
surface Is covered by the
World Ocean--300 million
cubic miles of water.
Pacific. Atlantic. Indian.
Arctic, Antarctic-it Is all the
same ocean Of the same kind
of water.
This is the estimate Of its
dimensions Just published by
the National Academy Of Sci
ences In its recommendations
for far-reaching studies of
the vast, almost unprobed
bathysphere of this planet
whose depths remain q great
unknown-almost as much so
as the surface Of the moon.
The seas were q major OBJ
ject of investigation all over
the world during the Inter-
national Geophysical Year
Just concluded, but still the
surface hardly was scratched.
National Academy scientists
believe.
Enough was revealed, how
ever. to whet interest in the
myriads Of wonders hidden
in the dark abysses-valleys
whose floors are as much as
seven miles below sea level,
/. mountains nearly as high IS
Mt. Everest, bottom sedi-
ments which contain detailed
records Of the history Of life
on earth.
Challenge 10 Man
1.-THE seas" says the Ma
tional Academy report. "pre-
sent q challenge to man
which in magnitude ap-
proaches that Of space. At
least we have been able to
observe the moon, planets
and stars directly with our
telescopes. but the ocean
depths, shrouded in dark
ness, have been obscured
from our view. Yet we have
learned enough to know that
the major features Of the
ocean floor-35, 000-foot deep
trenches. 1000 mile long
fracture zones, flat-topped
undersea mountains, broad
ocean-long ridges, abysmal
plains as fiat as a calm sea
are uniquely different from
anything on the surface of
the moon or on the land sur
faces Of the earth.
How were these features
formed and why are they 50
different? Answers to these
questions are essential If one
Is to decipher the history Of
our planet and its sister
planets. Part Of the answer
lies in the records of ancient
earth history locked in the
deep sea sediments. part in
an intensive study Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-10

I noted with special In
terest in "Atchison's Angle"
the reference to Donovan
Koontz, who boxed in Wash
ington years ago under the
moniker Patsy Donovan"
and managed the old Mo-
hawk A. C. football team.
1t is a pleasure to report
that Patsy Donovan"-as
he Is still affectionately
called and who is widely
known in Washin gton--
is not one of those many
boxers who ended on the
dream street known as
"Caulifiower Avenue" "Pat-
sy" does not show any signs
Of his former profession and
his present girth also would
not indicate that he battled
the leading featherweights
Of his time. Unlike his pro-
tege and client. the former
world champion Zivic who
parlayed his earnings Of at
least $3.50, 1000 into a ditch
digging Job for the State of
Pennsylvania. Patsy retired
after AZ years of distin-
guished service in the In
terror Department.
His career eliminated in
the receipt Of the meritorious
award from the department.
Mr.. Koontz had studied law
at the Washington College of
Law, and was admitted to
the District Bar in 1941. Sec
rotary Seaton in citing Mr..
Koontz for meritorious serv-
Ice said: "Mr. Koontz be-
came an expert specialist in
the field of land law and
regulations His kindness
and sincerity displayed in
the understanding of prob
lens, where emotions fly
high and compromise is
needed, brought about con-
ciliatory attitudes and solu-
tons Of the problems. Mr..
Koontz is one Of those un-
sung heroes Of Government
service who perform in q
field which is devoid Of out
side honors and Of the CLAM
or attendant upon certain
legal jobs. However. on the
efficient and expert perform
ance Of such Jobs depends to
a large degree the perform
ance of Government work."
The Federal Bar Associa-
ton tips its hat with sham
rocks, Of course) to its mem
Der PATSY Donovan" Koontz.
Civic Washington notes with
pleasure the good works of
his educator son, John
Koontz.
Paul H. CAN'T,
Member. National Council,
Federal Bar AsSociat ton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-10
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES Z. TRACEWELL

In this regard. we wish to
offer the following sugges.
tons:
Do not shrink and shrek
when an oppossum or other
really wild creatures hap
pens to stray into your yard.
Do not call the police.
Do not think O lion n In
the street when It In only o
lonesome fox.
Do not worry over redbirds
and robins rapping ut your
windows In the early morn.
ing.
Do not mind o few car
penter bees boring In your
precious house-they won't
do much damage.
Don't even grow red In the
face over rats, because they
probably are your own fault.
after all, or that Of q neigh
Dor who keeps undisturbed
large piles Of wood and other
objects.
So -
The proper state Of mind
upon the intrusion Of q wild
animal Is that Of keen in
terest.
That an opoSsum visits one
today in Suburbia II wonder
full. It shows Us that we are
not too far removed from
life. as apartment jewellers
are.
Let US hope for . raccooni
There is Q beauty. far bet
ter than an opossum. a. 1ins
Is the latter is.
The raccoon IL really .
little bear, Q fellow Of in
finite Jest and zest. beautiful
to look at, clean In his ha-
bits and manners, and o true
American.
We could ask nothing more
in the suburbs. in which the
wild life Is now dwindling
away. being composed most
ly Of gray squirrels, mice.
rabbits. with an occasional
opossum and rarely Q gray
fox.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-10
farewell to Schools

! don't share your croco-
ollie tears over the prospect Of
the public schools being shut
down in Prince Edward Coun-
ty. Your pathetic and plain
tive wailing in the editorial.
Farewell to Schools" would
indicate that the hapless
county had no alternative to
closing its schools. It does
have. 1t could desegregate its
schools in compliance with re-
peated court orders to do so.
The tragedy Of Prince Ed
ward County Is not so much
that the public schools will
be closed. It Is that such o
drastic step must be taken be-
fore the voices Of moderation
can be heard. It Is that the
wishes Of the segregationists
have been allowed to prevail.
1t is that in the five-year-pe-
Rod since the Supreme Court
first ordered desegregation Of
public schools. not one step
has been made toward that
end BY local authorities. That
Is the real tragedy Of Prince
Edward County.
Your concern over the
plight Of the Negro children
Of Prince Edward County Is
touching but overstated. The
Negro children are accus-
toned to suffering. They have
done so through many years
OF segregated and inferior
schools. No schooling at all,
on q temporary basis, would
not be much worse than the
substandard schools they
have been attending.
More deserving Of your
sympathy. I feel. are the
white people Of Prince Ed
ward County who are SO rack
ed with hate and prejudice
that they would be willing to
abandon their public schools
rather than to comply with a
Supreme Court order to de-
segregate them.
The Negro parents and
children Of Prince Edward
County will be willing to
wait patiently for the day
when the voices of modera-
ton will be heard above the
din Of the extremists, and
the public schools will be re-
opened on a desegregated ba-
sis in accordance with the
law OF the land. That day has
already dawned in most of
Virginia. And. in spite Of
your fears to the contrary, 1t
Will dawn In Prince Edward
County.
j. DeImas ESe0e.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-10
Fuel for Controversy

without doubt, there will be a
highly seasoned mixture OF political and
economic controversy over President
EiSenhower's package request to Con-
gresS for higher ceiling on the public
debt and for authority to pay higher
interest rates on Government bonds.
Indeed, with the debt question running
into June 80 deadline, there were i'm
mediate suggestions from the House and
Senate Democratic leaderships that the
two subjects should be separated legis-
latively-a maneuver that would clear
the way to lengthier consideration Of
the more controversial issue of remov-
ing entirely the current AZ per cent
limit on interest rates on long-term
Treasury bonds. Included also In the
Presidents recommendations, and prob
ably least likely to arouse storm Of
debate, was a proposal to raise to 32
per cent the interest payable on Series
E and H savings bonds.
Actually, the financing problems
faced by the Government are cold and
hard ones that cannot be talked away,
but which lend themselves as easily to
political debate as to economic discus
sion. The current public debt crisis,
not by any means the f1rst, has been
foreseen for long time-at least as far
back as January when the President told
Congress in his budget message that the
permanent ceiling would have to be
raised beyond its 1888 billion ngure and
increased even more on a temporary
basis. He is asking now that the perma-
nent level be set at 1888 billion and the
temporary limit at $295 billion, effective
July /. theoretically, as Democratic
Senator Byrd points out, the problem
might be solved by reduced spending.
AS practical matter, this Is most
unlikely.
The interest problem on long-term
bonds has been shaping up more re-
Gently. For various reasons, among
which the politically debated tight
money" policy Of the Federal Reserve
System is only one, the money market
has become highly competitive. Private
enterprise, as well as State and local
governments which are allowed to issue
tax-exempt obligations, are bidding
vigorously for investment capital, With
the supply under constant pressure from
this strong demand. Interest rates have
risen in reflection of this demand and
only Treasury bonds-maturing in more
than i've years-have a fixed ceiling on
their rate of return. Short-term Treas
ury debt-bills, certificates and notes
have no ceiling and are marketable at
more attractive rates. While the Treas
ury has managed its recent financing
through sale Of short-term securities,
an over concentration in this type Of
debt is considered unsound-the reason
why it desires to make its bonds more
attractive.
There are proposals designed to
force lower interest rates throughout.
The administration, however, rejects
these as "drastically infiationary," while
opposition critics already claim a SINH
larly bad effect will result from remov-
ing the ceiling on Treasury bond rates.
The debate that is sure to come will
cross party lines, and probably will pro-
vide at least as much heat as light.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-10

@. Please compare the
present flying time between
New York and Paris with that
Of Lndbergh.-H. j.
A. In May. 1857, United
States Air Force Mai. Robin
son Risner marked the 30th
anniversary Of Lindbergh's
epic transatlantic fight by
plotting an F-100F Super
Sabrejet from Mcclure Air
Force Base New Jersey to
lie Bourget Airport, Paris, in
6 hours and 80 minutes.
Lindbergh required 331a hours
to make the flight from
Roosevelt Field, Long Island
IN. ~, to lie Bourget.
@. How often may the de-
sign be changed on Q United
States coin?-A. r.
A. According to o law
passed in 1890, the design
may not be changed oftener
than once in IS years, except
by act Of Congress. Even
after this 25-year period has
elapsed. there is little tend
ency to redeSign coins. Con-
gress has. in q few instances,
prescribed q coin design.
such as that Of the WASH
ington bicentennial ascent
piece first issued in 1892,
which was required to bear
the portrait Of our FIRST Presi.
dent
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-10
AnAppeoI
J. Delmas Escoe.

l write from the Sanctu-
airy. q refuge for homeless
dogs upon a hill-farm in
Southern Indiana. I am the
staf-the one fighting wom-
an who is trying to hold the
place together. In times past.
those who love dogs have
been good to us, and so we
ask again. bearing in mind
our debt in gratitude.
We need food. of any sort.
and old towels, blankets, or
pieces. Almost anything has
an application here.
Forty-five cold noses and
warm hearts salute you!
Louise Wood,
The Sanctuary. Route 2, Box
264, Martinsville, Ind.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-10
Similar Names

We would like to point out
that the DR.. Thomas e. Mat
tingly whose name appears
frequently in your column ID
not the DR.. Thomas w. Mat
tingly, Brigadier General,
Retired, Medical Corps. U. 8.
Army, who Is director OF
Medical Education Of the
Washington Hospital Center.
Grace 8. Berman.
Public Relations Director,
Washington H o spitaI
Center.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-10
AbIe's Fote

II one has to die. as did
the tiny Rhesus monkey,
Able. because Of ones con-
tribution to science. it would
be a comfort to know that
death was caused by 50
glamorous-sounding an all
ment as "post-anesthesia
heart arrest" Too bad she
didn't realize this. It might
have helped smooth the
frightened look from her
face. I am afraid she
thought that she was being
tortured to death.
Laura X. Pollock.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-10
Free Service

School vacation is here. and
people are replacing old re-
frigators, and then leaving
them in yards. Easements,
and vacant lots where small
children play in them and too
often get locked inside and
die Of suffooation.
Members Of the Locksmiths'
Association of the D. C. Area
have once again offered to
60 out and remove latches
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-10
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used "
letters carry inrtter's correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden.
sdtion.