davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-09
DAVID LAWRENCE
Butler as Democratic Chief

toll Hill. They frankly said
that they didn't feel bound
by any advice such a COM
mittee might give. The pur-
pose. Of course. Of the Advi-
sorry Committee was to get
publicity for political or ideo-
logical viewpoints that, 1t
was felt. would not be re-
Elected by Messrs. Rayburn
and johnson. Yet the device
has served only to accentu-
ate differences and to pub
licize factional strife within
the party.
Everybody knows. of course,
that there are differences of
viewpoint inside the Demo-
cratic Party between con-
Servatives and the so-called
liberals who are really radi-
calls at heart, but the disputes
that arise are usually with
reference to specific items Of
legislative policy, and GER
tainly no setup should bar
the free expression of ideas
on any subject by any party
member. In the long run,
however, the party leaders in
Congress can smooth out diff
ferenceS or invoke enough
ambiguous phrases to take
care Of party platform planks
on controversial questions at
a national convention.
If America had a parlia-
mentary system of. govern
ment. its experienced leaders
would today be the candi-
dates for President. and the
Democrats would be certain
to choose either Speaker
Rayburn or Senator Lyndon
johnson because they have
won top rank in the national
legislature. But in America
today. where divided govern
ment still illustrates national
legislation, the only hope of
securing some semblance of
direct responsibility is, at
least. for the major parties
to choose as their respective
national chairmen either the
House or the Senate leader.
Then a general secretary
could be appointed to take
over the actual operation of
the party organizations.
(copyright, 1850
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-09
chormonship Believed Best Filled
By Member of Party in Congress

the party. but should he be
its official leader. too. and
what should be his relation
ship to the elected leaders Of
the party in Congressp
The Republicans have Just
chosen as their n national
chairman Senator Thruston
Morton of Kentucky. While
he isn't the Senate's Repub-
lican leader, he is much more
identified with Republican
policy operations in Congress
than his counterpart, Mr..
Butler, is with Democratic
policy-making in the Senate
or the House.
In Britain, the two spokes-
men for the major parties
are part of the governmental
apparatus, one being in the
cabinet and the other the
leader of the opposition party
in Parliament.
The true leaders of the ma
jor parties in this country
today are in the Government
at Washington. Mr.. Eisen-
hover is the leader of the
Republican Party, while
MeSSrs. Rayburn and john
son are really cochairmen of
the Democratic Party.
There is every reason why
the two national parties
should each have as a per-
manent secretary a man of
enough stature in politics to
command the attention Of
State groups. He might be a
former member of Congress
or a former Governor. His
work would be to operate the
organization through it's ma
tional headquarters. But pol
icy leadership belongs to the
elected spokesman of the two
parties in Congress.
Reform in the national
Craftsmanship situation is
long overdue. Party Squab-
bles are unhealthy, no matter
what their origin. The crea-
ton recently Of an Advisory
Committee Of prominent
Democrats was not received
with any enthusiasm by the
Democratic leaders on Capt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-09
Political RevoIutionist Viewed as Hope
OF People to Ease Their Inequities

salaries pass from the hands
of the boss to the uSurer,
whose future is a pay re-
duction and dismissal, whose
life is perennial work. and
whose rest is the tomb. We
call on the 100000 small
farmers who live and die
working a land that is not
theirs who die without
possessing it; who cannot
love it, nor improve it, nor
plant a cedar or an orange
tree to beautify it because
they do not know the day
when a sheriff or rural
guard will come and tell
them they have to go. :"
Castro was 81. He spoke for
more than an hour. The
judges heard him out. They
then sentenced him to Is
years at hard labor. His first
appearance in the pageant
of history was ended.
A year later the story Of
the attack. the atrocities. I'M
denied, against some of the
captives, became known. So
did CaStro'S eloquent, emo
tional words. On May 16,
1855, he and the survivors
were released from prison
after long agitation for an
amnesty. In January of the
next year he and II men
reached the Sierra Maestro
mountains. He was once more
in the pageant.
The pageant will continue
through the centuries ahead.
Fidel Castro is an episode
-. a new type revolutionary,
a political revolutionist, not
a military. The odds ire
mendously are against him.
But if he does not succeed, it
is not comfortable to consider
the next scenes in the pag-
cant.
Americans, who are them
selves heirs of revolution, fall
into a common human error
of comparing everything with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-09
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Khrushchev Pours on Terrorism

cept on some inveterate fell
low travellers and dupes.
Where Mr.. Khrushchev sue
ceeded best was with the
gullible visitors to the Soviet
Union. He took advantage Of
the visit Of the former Gov
ernor Of New York, Averell
Hartman, to whom he gave
an extended interview. Mr..
Hartman is regarded by
many as an expert" on the
Soviet Union. He represented
the United States as ambas-
sador to Moscow during part
of the last war. Hence, his
reports printed in American
daily and weekly publications
were likely to carry more
weight than those Of a run
of-the-mine Senator or bust
ness tycoon.
Mr.. Khrushchev spouted all
his venom in the long talk
with the former Governor.
who still plays an important
role in Democratic politics.
He threatened without cajol-
ing. He told him that the
Soviet policies are immutable
and that unless we yield there
will be a nuclear war. He
added that the Soviet Union
was determined to join Com
munist China in waging war
on the United States, should
Peiping decide to take by
force Formosa and the off,
shore islands.
The interview represented
terrorism at its best. Such
tactics are bound to be at
least partially fruitful with
the rank and file, when those
responsible for the conduct Of
our affairs do not answer with
the famous one word uttered
by Gen. McAulife at Bas-
togne: Nuts"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-09
Adverse Effect on Program Seen
From Domestic Economy Policy

led by Senator Aiken Of Yer
mont, are openly bitter.
In a final tumble, the Pres
ident sent his sarcastic veto
Of the housing bill on the
eve of the foreign aid vote.
The housing bills sponsor,
Senator Sparkman of Ala
bama, has consistently stuck
his neck out for foreign aid.
There is always a remote
and cynical chance that the
President does, in fact, know
that by his own acts he con-
siStently undercut the foreign
aid bills chances. This is not
believed here by any qualified
observer. 1t is not the first
time he has instead seemed
truly oblivious to the pres
sureS upon Congress and the
role the President must play
when he requires its members
to sacrifice their constituent
cies to what he deems the
national interest.
The course of reciprocal
trade legislation has shown
much the same thing. Trade
and foreign aid alike depend
for passage upon a measure
of loyalty and protection from
the White House for the
members of both parties who
are willing to support them.
It required no special po-
litical astuteness to realize
when the President raised
his anti-spending battle cry
against Congress that the
destined scapegoat was for
eign aid. 1t was never popu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-09

There's something more
fundamental than a mere
difference Of opinion on
party policies in the contro-
versy that has arisen be-
tween Paul M. Butler. chair
man of the Democratic Ma
tional Committee. and the
two Democratic leaders in
Congress - House Speaker
Sam Rayburn and Senator
Lyndon Johnson of Texas.
The real question it raises is
whether anyone ought to
hold the post of national
chairman who is not a mem
Der of the leadership group
of the party itself in Con-
greSs.
A national chairman nova
days has no responsibility for
party policy. He is not a part
of the legislative process.
Nor is he part Of any branch
of the Government. There
was a time when Postmasters
General did serve as national
chairmen, and at least this
identified them with the
Presidents cabinet sessions
where national policies were
discussed. Today. while the
Democrats control only Con-
greSs, the leaders in the Sen
ate and House do shape party
policy nationally.
Plainly, it is in Congress
where national issues have
their origin and where one
party or the other must take
responsibility for the kind Of
laws that are passed and for
the way the public's money
is spent.
A national chairman has
no direct connection today
with all this and usually uses
his time mostly to go around
the country working with the
party organizations in the
various States. But here, too,
he is not alone. There are
State chairmen who are sup
posed to build the State or
CARNATIONS.
The national chairman is,
Of course. a mouthpiece Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-09
Gen. McAuIiffe's Reply is Urged
As Best Answer to Red Tactics

Ian by pointing out to him
that one hydrogen bomb
would be sufficient to wipe
out the British Isles. After
he realized that he had OBJ
tanned the needed effect, he
impressed upon his honored
guest that If the latter could
persuade President Eisen-
hover to attend a summit
meeting, there would be sub
stantlal gains for the British
induStrialists in good BUSH
ness with the USSR.
Mr.. Macmillan, as his sub
sequent visit to Washington
proved, bought the Red boss
threat and Establishments 100
per cent. The opposition of
the American people and of
the administration in WASH
ington to placing the Nations
neck in a moose was more
difficult to overcome. This
Mr.. Khrushchev readily real
lied.
When his attempts to OBJ
tain an invitation to visit
America failed, he sent a
bevy Of propagandists to this
country. Deputy Prime Min
lister Anastas Mikoyan came
as a private individual to
visit his friend. the Soviet
Ambassador Menshikov. But
soon after his arrival he I'M
furled the flag of Official
dom. While indulging in the
American politicians sport
Of baby kissing, he also
talked tough to the high
ranking Americans who re-
ceived him, from President
Eisenhower to members of
Congress. He was soon fol-
lowed by another phony in
the person Of the other
deputy prime minister, Frol
Kozlov-a more personable,
though more arrogant in
dividual. Their campaign
slogan was ordered by Mos
COW: 1.-THE Soviet Union does
not want war, but neither
does it intend to bulge an
inch from its present posi-
ton regarding Berlin and
Germany, where a Commu-
mist government must be
preserved"
Neither Of the two high
ranking Soviet propagandistS
made much of an impression
on the American people ex-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-09

which have encouraged Ameri-
can officials to think he is COM
ing to believe that communism
menaces his nations independ-
ence. He has publicly and
sharply rebuffed Communist
elements demanding the exc
cution of traitors" a class
which includes many enemies
of Red policies.
u. S. Keeps Hands OF
Both the American Embassy
in Baghdad and the State De-
partment are standing strictly
aloof-aS they have since Brig.
KasSem took over.
The new Iraqi regime has
withdrawn fro mthe Baghdad
Pact and taken other actions,
indicating it is extremely sensi-
tive to Western interference"
in its affairs. Even praise for
Gen. KaSsem'S present course
has not been forthcoming on
the theory it might hamper
Iraqi military leaders policies.
American officials have suS-
pected for some months that
the Communists were everyday
ing their hand in Iraq.
Now that Gen. Kassem ap-
pears to be moving against
them the Reds have two alter
natives. They can challenge
him for power or they can
retire to fight another day.
Red Move Uncertain
Officials here are split in es-
timating the chances for seri-
GUS trouble. All recognize this
possibility, but whether the
Communists will press their
position in these emotional days
of the first anniversary of the
startling coup a year ago is not
clear.
Reports of the street fighting
last week end-apparently held
up by censorship-indicate to
some that the Communists are
ready for an about battle for
power. Others say the clashes
have been small and think they
are only probing actions.
Among the pro-Communist
participants in the street fight
ing have been young Commu-
mist members of the Popular
Resistance Forces, a semi-mili-
tary organization counted
among Iraq's defense forces.
In a recent speech, Premier
Kassem praised other elements
in the Iraq defense forces-the
army and air force-but con-
spicuously omitted the PRF.
PRF Role Reduced
At about the same time he
stopped issuing arms to the
PRF, and key Communists in
the organization are being re-
assigned to harmless activities
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-09
RALPH McGILL
Cuba Needs Castro to Succeed

their present situation, laws,
customs and comforts.
Here is why the odds are
heavily against Castro. The
labors of Hercules are less
in comparison.
Most of his people are de-
pendent on agriculture-per-
hapS go per cent of them.
Most of them are landless.
The average yearly earnings
of thousands of them is less
than 500. This is true not
merely in Cuba, but all Latin
America. Cuba is but one of
those in the spotlight. The
long-term issue is not Castro
but the stability of Latin
America. 1t is not now Com
munist. There is no head of
a government who is Com
muniSt.
But even Castro cannot
stem the tide of discomfort
If he cannot remove some
of the inequitieS which have
SO long been smouldering in
the minds of millions of Latin
peoples.
Something like one-quarter
of the worlds population of
more than 2.5 billion people
today live in what can be
called rich countries. These
peoples average a per capita
income of about $1,000 per
year. These peoples are most
ly the Europeans, the Amer
leans, Canadians, Australians,
New Zealanders and so on.
From somewhere between a
half and three-quarterS of
all the people in the world
are definitely and excessively
poor with an average income
of about 500. There are at
least three with this income
for each making $1,000. And
the gap between "have" and
"have not" nations widens
fearfully-ominously.
This is the problem of Cuba
but it is also that of other
Latin countries and of Asia.
1t is against this backdrop
we must see Castro-and the
continuing pageant-if we are
to understand.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-09
RALPH McGILL

HAVANA, Cuba.-Here, see
ing Fidel Castro'S bearded
soldiers Strolling along the
Prado, and on the streets Of
this ancient and beautiful
city, one thinks of the
Pageant of History.
Cuba has had her share
Columbus, Diego Velasquez,
Cortez, De Soto, pirates, and
British and Spanish rule.
Now, in the long pageant,
appears Fidel Castro.
His story is too new to
belabor. But, let us recall, in
this attempt to find under
standing, that this is his
second appearance on the
stage of Cuban history. His
first was very brief. On July
26, 1858, he led a small group
of rs men in a desperate
attack on the Moncado fort
reSS near Santiago de Cuba.
1t failed. Castro was arrested.
Plots to kill him were
thwarted by friends, and the
court, not yet dominated by
the Batista forces, heard
Castro'S defense. This was
more than five years ago.
None of it was then permitted
to be published.
In a long, eloquently writ
ten defense, Castro said
almost six years ago:
I'VE call on the people,
the 100000 Cubans who are
without work. the $780,
900 camp workers who dwell
in miserable shacks, who
work four months out of the
year and are hungry the
rest, sharing the misery with
their sons, who do not have
an inch of land to plant and
whose existence should move
more to compassion if there
were not so many hearts of
stone; the 100000 industrial
workers and StevedoreS whose
retirement funds, all, have
been embezzled. whose
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-09

like training rather than being
allowed to hold key positions.
President NaSSer Of the
United Arab Republic has
withheld personal attacks on
Brig. Kassem for some weeks
another indication of the
changing climate in the Mid
die East.
All evidence available here
indicates Brig. KaSSem has re-
tanned loyalty of the army, the
key power factor in Iraq. There
have been infiltrations, and
some pro-Red colonies are still
allowed to speak out, but the
bulk of the military forces are
believed to be behind Brig.
K aSsem's determination to
maintain strict independence
for Iraq.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-09
Church Group Elects

PHILADELPHIA, July 8
(AP).-The Rev. DR.. Clyde w.
Meadows, pastor of the King
Street United Brethren Church,
Chambersburg, was elected
president of the International
Society of Christian Endeavor
yesterday. He succeeds DR..
Earle w. Cages of Derby, N. Y,
the president since 1855.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-09
Navy Reorganization
Bill OKd by House
BY the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press
The House has passed a bill
to combine the Nays Bureaus
of Ordnance and Aeronautics
into a new Bureau of Naval
Weapons.
The merger, voted by the
House yesterday, would place
weapon development under a
single naval authority. The
Navy does not expect the con-
Solidation to save money i'm
mediately, but says it will re-
suit in much more efficient
operations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-09
Red Showdown in Iroq
Seen Near for Kossem
By EARL H. VOSS
Star Stan Writer

outbreak of street fighting in Baghdad between pro-
Communist and Communist elements indicates aq Pre-
mer Abdul Karin Kassem be showdown with the
Reds.
Ocias here believe tensions will continue to mount as
Tuesdays first anniversary of the Kassem coup ap
proaches.
Premier has made several in weeks
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-09
Kursh, Photographer,
Taken to HospituI

Yousuf Harsh, noted Ottawa
photographer, was reported in
satisfactory" condition today
at the Washington Hospital
Center. where he was admitted
last night after complaining Of
chest pains. ..t.
Mr.. Harsh was taking photo
graphs of Senators in the Capi-
tol when he requested medical
attention, DR.. Theodore j.
Abernethy, Mr.. Karsh's doctor
here, said.
Diario las Américas., 1959-02-12
TERMINA VISTA
DE RUBOTTOM

BOGOTA, Feb. II. (UPI).-
Roy Rubottom, Secretario de Es-
tado Adjunto para la America
Latina, puso fin a SUI vista a
Bogota y sigui6 a Caracas de-
jando tras de ST un ambiente
de %optimismo en-. los medios gu
bernamentales y economics So
bre una mas activa coopera-
cion especialmente en- cuanto q
la defensa de los precios del
cafe.
Rubottom viaj6 a Venezuela
en- un avion especial de la Fuer-
"a Aerea colombiana, acompaha-
do por la delegation de Colon
bia a la possession del Presiden.
te Romulo Betancourt y por ell
Embajador de Venezuela en- 30.
gotta, Eduardo Arroyo Lameda,
despues de celebrar varias con-
ferencias con ell canciller Julio
Cesar Turbay Ayala y con ell
Presidente Alberto Lleras Ca
margo.
Rubottom, en- declaraciones
(Pasa a la Pag. s.
Diario las Américas., 1959-02-12
Bella LegisIadOra
Argentina Refira
RetO a Diputado

SALTA, Argentina, febrero
11.-tUPD-Teresa Mezqui.
da, cuya belleza es uno de los
adornos de la Camara de Di.
putadoS della provincial de Sal
ia, tenia hoy nuevamente guar
dadas sus pistolas y floretes al
terminar una comedia de erro-
res que culmino con I'm desafio
de la hermosa legisladora a uno
de sus colegas varones.
Lo unico no divertido en- to-
do Ell asunto fue que la legisla-
dora alta, moreno y de 20
amos es una maestro eximia
en- ell arte de manejar la pisto-
tola y la espada.
Todo comenzo hace una Sc
mana en- la legislature provin-
clal, cuando un diputado de la
minoria fustigo yerbalmente a
la mayoria.
Por una confusion, un dipu-
tado de- La mayorfa, Aldo Flo
res, vincul6 ell ataque con la es-
pigada y estatuaria legisladora
Mezqui4a, tras 10 cual las cosas
Sc complexion todavia mas con
ciertas palabras de otro dipu-
tado, de apellido Sansone, So
hre las joyas de aquella.
ESQ fue demasiado para la
legieladora. Proclamando que
Flores o Sansone tendrian que
pagan con SUI sangre, OPTIC por
ell primero y lie envio sus padri-
nos.
En- la confusion que siguio,
Flores protest6 diciendo que ell
c6digo del honor no valia para
las mujeres y envi6 emisarios
q ia casa de SUI retadora para
que arreglaran las cosas pacifi.
camente. La le~9isladora, sin EN-
barge, les dio con la puerta en-
las narices y Sc mantuvo firme
eff que SUI honor debia ser lava
dc con sangre. Tn diarie sugi.
rio que ell duelo Sc efectuara
con plnches para ell cabello.
I'm ito de la l~egisladora, Mi
guel Mezquida, intervino en- Ell
ssunto y acepto batirse por ella
pero como no habia mala san
gre entire Ell y Flores, errada-
mente atribuidas a la dana,
provocaron la gresca. Hasta hoy
nadie lie ha enviado sus padri-
nos.
Diario las Américas., 1959-02-12
ExiIados Protestan Contra
Negative de Truji||o Sobre
Respeto a Derecho de AsiIo

NACIONES UNIDAS, febrero
IL. (UPI)-Tres organizaciones
de exilados dominicanos envia.
ron telegramas de protesta a las
Naciones Unidas y la Organiza-
cion de Estados Americanos,
contra 'la negative del regimen
de Trujillo a reconocer ell dere-
cho de asilo a Is fugitivos in.
cluso a cuatro memories que es-
tan bajo la protection de la
embajada de Venezuela en- Gu
dad Trujillo."
Los grupos que firman ell tele-
grama son ell Comite Primero
de Enero de damas dominicanas
del exilio; la Federation Estu-
diantil Dominicana, y ell partido
Revolucionario Dominicano.
La sonora Luz Silfa, que acorn
panada de I'm grupo de damas
dominicanas, cubanas y puerto
rriquenas trato sin exito de ha-
Ger entrega personalmente de la
protesta en- la Secretaria, dijo
que la gestion que hacian habia
sido motivada por una informa-
cion pubficada hoy en- ell New
York Times.
La information en- question,
fechada en- la capital dominica
ma, refiere que ell gobierno do
minicano, hasta ell momento, Sc
ha negado a reconocer ell dere-
Diario las Américas., 1959-02-12
Formula de GNU Podria Ser Uti|
en- Conf|icto Mexico Guatemala
Por O

NACIONES UNIDAS, febrero
IL. (UPD-Circulos diplomat
cos opinan que la formula en-
pleada con exito recientemente
por ell Secretario General Dag
Hammsrskjold para resolver la
disputa fronteriza entire Italian
dia y Cambodgia, pudiera ser
utilizada eficazmente en- la con-
troversia mexicano-guatemalte-
ca.
Opinan que ell mismo proce-
dimiento pudiera ser utilizado
en- este ultimo case tanto por las
Naciones Unidas como por la
Organization de Estados Ameri-
canos (OEA), aunque sin excep-
cion cream que ell problema CO.
rresponde a esta Ultima.
En- SUI conferencia de prensa
de la semana pasada, Hammar-
skiold diio que las Naciones
Unidas estaban empenadas en-
una "tremenda actividad politi-
ca" en- campos no d~irectamente
relacionados con la guerra en-
frio. Ell Secretario General, en-
tire otros casos, cito ell exito que
habia tenido ell Embajador Jo-
han-B eck-Friis, de Suecia, que
como representante especial de
Hammarskojld presto sus bue-
nos oficios en- la disputa entire
Tailandia y Cambodgia.
Fuentes bien informadas SUI
brayan la semejanza entire la
disputa en- ell sudeste de Asia y
la controversial mas recientee n
tire las dos republicas latinoame-
ricanas.
Ell 2 de diciembre de 1858, la
mission permanente de Cambod-
gia envi6 una queja al Secreta-
rio General de las Naciones Uni
das, en- la que manifestaba que
Tilandia estaba concentrando
tropas y equipos militares en- SUI