davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-10

1856. but stopped abruptly at
the Panama Canal-nobody
knows why.
The job Of the mosquito
men is to detect any new
wave at its very beginning, so
that all possible precautions
can be taken and warnings
issued to the northern
countries.
The known virus carriers
all are day-fiyers. There is
no need for the men to stay
at their posts in darkness.
There may. however, be night
flying carriers. perhaps Of
still unknown species. To de-
tect them cages containing
chickens are hung around the
jungle at night and then
their blood is tested to-
viruses. An important facet
OF this work is to determine
the ability Of birds to carry
any Of the viruses in their
blood. Some migratory spe-
cies might easily carry the
disease agents far to the
north. Yellow fever, for ex-
ample. comes In waves" out
Of the jungleS.
A period Of years may
elapse between waves, but
each seems to extend a little
farther north than its prede-
cessor. The last such surge,
starting in 1913, carried the
malady through Guatemala
into Southern Mexico, after
which there was a recession,
like that of a sea wave. A
new surge now may be
starting.
Experts of the Gorgas
Memorial Laboratory here.
however, are confident that
no wave can extend very far
north Of the tropical rain
forest which ends in Yucca
tan. There is extremely lit
tie probability, they say, that
any surge can extend as far
north as the United States.
Quite different is the posi-
bility that mosquitoes carry
ing the yellow fever virus
may be brought in by air
plane and create a reservoir
of the disease among suscep-
tible North American man.
mails.
Vicious Circle
One Of the major jobs Of
the laboratory is study of the
surges and recessions Of this
dreaded disease, very similar
to the type Of yellow fever
which in the past has caused
some of North Americas
most devastating epidemicS.
The virus of this type. the
so-called "jungle yellow
fever" is carried by q blue
mosquito ordinarily found
only in the canopy of the
rain forest where it infects
various treetop animals such
as bowler monkeys and opos-
sums. These, in turn, are
bitten by other mosquitoes
who pass the virus on to
man.
The saving grace Of the
situation, says DR.. Carl M.
johnson, director Of the
laboratory, is that a wave is
bound to be self-limiting as
susceptible animals become
fewer. A victim either dies
or RECEIVERS. If it RECEIVERS an
immunity is built up in its
blood which makes 1t no
longer a disease carrier.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-10
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

ers around the ducks ran
hilarious races on the ice, and
one day when the wind blew
a film of water over the ice
they could not keep their
footing and now and then
one would be blown the
length of the ice with the
rest quacking what sounded
suspiciously like the horse
laugh.
Fright now the swamp is
so dinful Of spring peppers
that I can hear them even in
the house with the windows
closed.
Sincerely, A. c. W."
Ability to hear the spring
pepper indoors does not de-
pend upon ears or walls.
This small creature has
lung powers superior to al
most any other created thing.
1t has been said that on a
calm day in the country a
pepper can be heard for two
miles.
Perhaps that is a bit
exaggerated, but not much.
When we first moved to
Chevy Chase, Md. there
were many Of these creatures
over Western avenue way,
and when they all cut loose
at once, they could be heard
for miles.
The sound is high pitched,
but exceedingly musical.
1t has a certain sweetness,
despite shrill overtones.
Hylan crucifer, the little
frog is called scientifically.
The name comes from an in
distinct cross on the back.
His song, II it may be
called song, is regarded as
one of the best signs Of
spring, even better than the
appearance Of the robin.
Once this song is in your
ears, you will never forget 1t.
If you were to hear it a
hundred years later. you
would recognize 1t instantly.
1t is something like the smell
Of sassafras.
One may feel sure that II
he were TO wake UP in Para
disc, see the golden bar Of
Heaven, in all its glory. and
hear the angels sing, there
still would be something
missing.
Il miss something, Lord"
one says.
You were always COM
planning on earth" saith
the Lord. "Let My httlest mu-
stefan sing"
And the spring peppers. with
their joyous music, would
make Paradise complete.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-10
COLLEGE PARK, Md

COLLEGE PARK, Md.
Dear Sir:
Hi, Cholly!
$50 you don't drive a car,
huh?
"Well, neither do I, so &C
cording to statistics we are
two of a splendid minority OF
seven in a hundred between
the ages of Is and 30. And.
dangit, I get every place I
want to go to.
But birds are what's on
my mind. Living as I do only
three blocks from that glori-
Gus birdland, Indian Greek
swamp, stretching from Hol-
lywood down the BIO
tracks past Lakeland and al
most to Riverdale ana WIN
ideal cover and food, always
with open water the year
around, it holds a few OF al
most every kind Of bird that
goes through here, including
the famous first robin.
1.-THE annual spring her
ring gull phenomenon was
well known to my farm boy
hood days in Iowa and South
Dakota when thousands OF
them showed up every spring
and no plowman had fewer
than a hundred after him.
oftentimes touching the
horses or pillow. They were
mainly after the big fat white
beetle larvae which we always
called grub worms, but they
ate any worm or insect.
4 4
But why hasn't someone
talked about that bird OF
birds, the white Long Island
duck?
.Sr,r;ce every work day l
see over 200 Of them on the
park Manor pond on Route
4lO lust east of Adelphi; they
are the grown up BABY
Easter ducks put there by
local residents and always
there are a few wild ducks
among them.
"All through the freezing
weather the whole flock pa
tiently, hour after hour. day
after day. swan in relays to
keep a patch of open water,
the wild ones taking regular
turns with the others. Skat-
ers did not bother them. Not
once was the pond frozen
completely over as the ducks
would not give up.
zone evening a line OF
skaters stood watching the
swimming relay at work and
the ducks paid them no
mind whatever.
This is one of the most
wonderful things in nature
that I have ever seen.
when there were no skat-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-10
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used "
letters carry iOriter's correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
NSntion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-10

pennant or even landing in the first
division at seasons end. Yesterdays
fine show was solace for past sadness
and inspiration for the fans who always
dream OF what might happen to justify
their faith, come another season.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-10
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Capturing Mosquitoes From Treetops

CAMP ON PAYA RIVER,
Darien Province. Panama.
Here. in the midst Of a
nearly impenetrable forest,
sentries posted in high tree
tops guard the worlds most
advanced outposts against
surging waves Of death
breaking out of dense and
largely UNEMPLOYED jungles Of
the Magdalena and upper
Amazon.
Strangest Of jobs is that
Of the Gorgas Memorial
Foundations I'm o squito
men,"
They sit on platforms
built 40 to so feet high in
jungle trees six hours a day
and five days a week, bare
footed and with their pants
rolled above the knees. as
live bait for the blue mos
quitoes Of the jungle canopy.
Six now are employed and
they seem to enjoy their
unique profession for some
have stuck to it steadily
through the six years since
the project started.
The high tree platforms
are the outermost sentry
posts against invading waves,
particularly of yellow fever
and various forms Of Sleep
ing sickness. which at any
time may sweep out Of the
trackless jungle to the south
and come far to the north,
even to the United States.
The viruses of the deadly
maladieS are carried by mos
quitoes which move north
ward through the treetops.
very rarely descending to the
ground. Thus the high sem
try posts are necessary.
Mosquitoes Captured
The mosquito men, all CO.
lombian Indians, are expert
climbers. All have been in
noculated against yellow
fever. They are not sup
posed, however, to allow the
insects to bite them. The
insects pick up some virus
from the human bait which
greatly complicate diagnoses.
Instead, the men are sup
posed to capture each mos
quito alive, before it has
time to bite or suck any
blood, by thrusting an open
bottle over it as soon as it
lands on the legs. An aver
age catch during the dry
season is is to Is a day. DUR
ing the rainy season it runs
as high as 100.
AS soon as the insects are
turned in at the jungle lab
oratory they are identified as
to species with the purpose Of
determining which types will
attack man. Then they are
placed in jars filled with
packed ice and shipped once
a week in a dormant state
to the GorgaS Laboratory in
Panama City, where they are
tested for the viruSeS they
may carry.
The insects captured of late
do not seem to be carrying
the jungle yellow fever virus.
This, however, is not surpris-
ing, for the disease seems to
surge out of the great jungles
in waves. One of these
reached as far as Southern
Mexico. The latest was in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-05
Against Mobilization Proposals

to try to resolve the differ
ences between the East and
West by military force.
President Eisenhower keeps
emphasizing that the United
States Is not welded TO any
single formula in trying 70
solve the problems raised BY
Moscow in connection with
the status Of Berlin. II had
been hoped that. by means
OF free elections. q solution
could be achieved. But since
the Soviets do not wish TO
permit free elections In East
Germany, the United States
has taken the flexible posi-
ton that some other solution
might well be examined, This
does, not mean II viii neces-
sarily be accepted but SIM
ply that there IL q readiness
at least to talk about any
plan.
One point that has not
been given much attention Is
that, when Moscow breaks the
interallied treaty giving the
Western military forces &C
cess to Berlin. this makes q
scrap Of paper" out of q
solemn agreement. OF what
value. It viii then be asked
throughout the world. are
any other agreements or
pledges given by the Soviet
government?
The Western nations, there
fore, are waiting for the
deadline in May when the
Soviet government. II 1t car
ries out its published threat,
will have announced to the
world that, acting entirely
on its own, 1t Is deliberately
breaking an international
agreement. This, in turn.
could invalidate all other
agreements between the East
and West and lead not neces-
sarily to war but to q quar-
antine" by the West against
the Soviet dictatorship. such
as President Franklin D.
Roosevelt proposed in 1897
against the dictatorship OF
Hitler and the Nazis. Had
this plan been agreed to hen
by our allies. 1t is conceivable
that World War II might have
been prevented. That's Why
firmness now on measures
short Of war could avert q
third world war.
(copyrisht. 1880
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-05
FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Our Pioneer rocket sreaks past the moon Scientists
say only thing with longer trajectory is an Eisenhower
sentence.
Harold Stassen runs for Mayor Of Philadelphia Dick
Nixon hopes carries the cityand the city carries liability
insurance.
One veteran CONGRESSMAN refuses embrace the fashion
of putting relatives his payroll He old dog can't
stand ticks.
New York Republicans rebuff Gov. Rockefelers
taxes New rock troll slogan: "WeT keep roll You
can have Rock"
Missouri congressional district Democratic in
landslide slogan Down with taxes Long live the
spenders."
Khrushchev East Germany calls for peace peace and
once again Couldn't get along better Just fighting
over one peace at time?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-05
President Indicates u. S. Will Hit Back
Before Any Enemy's Missiles Land

understand the trend Of
American thinking. The coun-
try is given time to get used
to It.
The sequence Of events
climaxed by the Presidents
remarks is interesting.
Last week United States
cable communications we're
severed OF newfoundland.
There were Russian trawlers
I'm the vicinity. and 1t was
known also 70 the Navy that
Russian, submarines are no
strangers In these waters.
American officers boarded
a Russian trawlef and In
vestigated. They exculpated
it-offcially.
Monday. In House Space
Committee questioning of
Secretary Of Defense McElroy.
Majority Leader Mccormack
of Massachusetts put it to
him that United States mill
tary policy had always been
that this country would not
strike the first blow in any
future war. us that still our
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-05
Charles Curtis
Bust Is Unveiled

A bust Of the late Vice Presi.
dent Charles Curtis. who served
with President Hoover. was
unveiled here yesterday. The
sculpture will be sent to the
Indian Hall Of Fame in Okla
homa.
Vice President Nixon Joined
members Of Congress in paying
tribute TO "the Kaw Indian who
shaped the history Of his race
in the Southwest" on the Soth
anniversary Of his Inauguration
dwelling the bronze bust In
the old Supreme Court cham.
Der Of the Capitol was a daugfl-
ter Of Mr.. Curtis. Mrs. Webster
Knight of Providence, r. I.
The bust. sculptured by Mad
eliene Park. will be placed next
to those Of II famous leaders
who have been selected for the
hall of fame.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-05
AFL-CI0 Sets
April Job Rally

The AFL-CIO has picked
April 8 as the date for a mass
rally here to demand Federal
action to relieve unemployment,
union sources said today.
Thousands Of union officials
and jobless workers are sched-
uled to hear speeches and
adopt resolutions at the Ma
tional Guard Armory.
On April Q, according TO
lplans laid yesterday by an ALL
ICIO arrangements committee.
delegates from the mass con-
ference" win discuss and per-
lhaps lobby for specific legisla-
tive demands.
The ALL CLIO executive
council called the rally during
last months meeting in San
Juan. p. r.. as a substitute for
la march on Washington" pro-
Iposed by Walter p. Reuther,
president OF the United Auto
Workers.
The demonstration will be
designed to dramatic the
plight of unemployed workers
in the face of what the ALL
CLIO calls "complacency" and
"callousness" by the Eisen-
hover administration.
The labor federation Is trying
to break down President Eisen-
hower's determination to cut
Federal spending. Instead of
concentrating so much on curb
ing imitation. the union lead
ers contend. the Government
should mote economic
growth.
To expand the economy and
provide the jobs. the AFL-CIO
council said, the Government
should increase spending for
housing. school construction.
airports and other projects.
Another conference de-
manding increased Government
spending ends today at the
Sheraton-Park Hotel. About
$500 delegates of AFL-CIO
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-05
Printing of 1Smort-AIeeky Remark
OF Embassy Official Stirs Criticism

exploited for more than It Is
worth.
The result Of that thought
less quotation was a series Of
violent anti-American demon
STATIONS by the subyersiVes
who swarm all over our sister
republics. American maya
ZINES with international cir
culations, as this reporter has
found during his round-the-
world trips. are taken far
more at their word by foreign
readers than by Americans.
In many countries where
! freedom Of the press is some
thing tenuous and Is often
subject to political winds"
people have difficulties in
understanding that important
American publications some
times receiving State Depart
ment subventions. do not rep
resent the official point Of
view Of the United States
J Government. And because of
that belief the several maya
zines with overseas cIrcuIa-
tions are read avidly not only
by foreign officials but also
by the educated people who
have even a vague knowledge
Of the American language.
Any reference to a politician
in office or to a still-un-
developed country. written IN
a smart-alecky vein for the
American leadership. can be-
come the reason for a serious
crisis between America and
the country referred to.
There is little doubt that
the reporters do not create"
the quotes: they are genuine.
all right. But what many
foreign correspondents occa-
sionally overlook is the fact
that the American official to
whom they talk may be fed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-05
Peace Desires
Held Universal

People everywhere want not
bigger bombs or missiles but
more understanding and ability
to achieve a better world.
That's what the president Of
Rotary International, Clifford
A. Randall. told a Mayflower
Hotel Rotary luncheon yester-
day that included II ambassa-
doris.
MIR. Randall. a Milwaukee
lawyer and civic leader. said
he found a universal desire for
peace while travelling in 80
countries recently.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-05
Mcclellan Rallies Aid
For Tight Union Law

Tended the Administrations bill
at yesterdays House hearing
but seemed amenable to COM
promise.
On the Senate floor, at least,
Senator McClellan's bill prob
ably will attract substantial
support. His basic approach is
to establish detailed standards
for the conduct of union affairs
in such matters as meetings.
elections and finances. He
would require unions to adopt
these standards, or else forfeit
tax exemptions. the right to
protection of labor laws and
other Federal assistance.
Conceding his bill would in
iect the Government deep into
union affairs, Senator McClel-
Ian contended such regulation
is a Federal right and duty.
The Government. he said. gives
unions great power. so 1t should
set up rules to protect members
against abuse Of that power.
The Kennedy Erwin bill. Sen
ator Mcclellan testified. would
not be fully effective because it
attempts through reporting re-
quirements and criminal PEN
alties to remedy abuses after
the damage is done. 1t would
be better. the Senator said. to
prevent abuses at the start by
denying privileges to unions
failing to adopt prescribed
standards.
Senator Kennedy argued that
it would be unfair to penalize
a whole union for the derelic-
lions of corrupt officers. But
Senator Mcclellan maintained
his bill would push rank and
file members into cracking down
on crooked officers.
In another controversial area,
Senator Mcclellan proposed q
ban against use Of union funds
to promote Federal. State and
local political candidates. He
said he would allow voluntary
contributions to candidates,
and expenditures Of union funds
for political education" and
lobbying on issues.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-05
DORIS FLEEs0N

For the first time in the
history Of the republic. the
President Of the United States
has said that this Nation
might strike the first blow Of
a future war.
Such . decision has always
been implicit in the space
age. Il is a matter purely Of
survival that q country able
to strike first with its missile
power should do 50 when and
as it saw enemy missile power
approaching. y
The United States has mis-
sile power and a warning
system.
President Eisenhower told
his press conference only the
obvious decision he and any
future Commander in Chief
must make. That 1t did not
fall with greater impact is due
to the prolixity Of the presi-
Dental prose, which by now
is legendary.
In this instance it served
him well. The Russians will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-05
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Magazine Blamed in Bolivia Case

UP with the country in which
he has been stationed. &C
cording to his own reckoning.
too long.
There have been many
instances when this reporter
has sat down with members
of the stan Of embassies
abroad, be they on the diplo-
matte, economic, ICA or
USIA lists. Frequently they
have let their hair down
as they might have done in
Washington when speaking
Of the policies Of the DEPART
ment or the actions Of their
chiefs. Many who had spent
more time than they could
stomach In a Middle Eastern
or Far Eastern country were
ready to "have it given back
to the Indians" The gentle
graft exercised In some Of
those countries at the
American taxpayers expense
gained enormous proportions
in the eyes Of the nostalgia
officials.
These officials are home
sick either for America or for
a Western European country
where golf green's are not
artificial or where they can
choose whether to spend the
evening at the opera or at
a concert. If their words
were quoted in print every
time they vent their spleen
on a fellow lust from state
side" there is no question
that our international rela-
tions would be even worse
than they are now. Gen.
orally speaking, the reporters
who meet them understand
what may be termed as lob
fatigue"
If they don't, 1t is the job
Of editors in the home office
to realize the hot water in
which they can put Uncle
Sam by letting by a smart.
alecky quote Of q homesick
Official abroad.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-05
DAVID LAWRENCE

Common sense IL more
important than the wiles OF
diplomacy, and that's why
President Eisenhower's re-
marks deploring excessive
talk about war and threats
Of war could have a -sobering
effect just now on interna-
tional relations.
The President had ample
opportunity at his press con-
ference TO be clustering and
accusatory. but he dealt with
Khrushchev's peculiar tactics
in the Berlin crisis by using
the mild words Of restraint.
AS Mr.. Eisenhower sees II,
the United States has certain
responsibilities In maintains
ing. under treaty rights. the
present status Of Berlin. He
welcomes negotiation and
discussion by the four for
eign ministers.
More and more 1t is be-
coming apparent that the
Kremlin dictatorship would
like to scare the West into
some form Of abject sub
mission and that behind Its
every move is propaganda
designed to assure the Soviet
people that the Kremlin
rulers are winning big VIC
tories.
To some extent, Khru-
shchev has succeeded in
soaring some members Of
Congress. as they are already
calling for partial or total
mobilization in this country.
To yield to this sentiment
would be q mistake, Mr..
Eisenhower thinks, because
there is no telling how long
such an uncomfortable pos
ture would have to be main
tanned. In all likelihood. the
Kremlin would lie glad to in
fiict a costly and prolonged
Inconvenience Of this kind
on the American people.
Modern war doesn't re-
uuire any large-scale mobil-
ization II it's to be nuclear.
Airplanes are in readiness.
both in the United States
and at Western bases in Eu-
rope, to infiict severe pun
lshment on an enemy II war
comes. But II the military
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-05
DORIS FLEEsON e"',,
The Nations Policy on Defense

policy" Mr.. Mccormack
asked.
The Secretary replied that
It still Is our policy but he
added: whether that will al-
ways be true is another mat
ter"
Reporters reminded Mr..
Eisenhower Wednesday Of
this exchange. Could he. they
asked, foresee any circum-
stances In which the United
States would strike the first
blow against the potential
aggressor.
The President said no--and
then yisibly thought better Of
his answer. He would. he said.
discuss the matter "in this
fashion" The fashion began,
very much as usual. with o
little homily, this time on the
"instinctive and natural right
Of self-preservation.
His wind-up. however. car
ried the bomb. II this country
should be under threat OF
attack as evidenced by mis-
siles or planes coming our
direction" he said, then we
would act "as rapidly as hui
manly possible to defend our
selves"
He fastened to add that
he was sure Congress would
not amend the Constitution
to give the President the
right to declare war, In the
missile age. this power. Of
course, is obsolescent, as any
military man or thoughtful
politician knows.
The President will not set
into any trouble with Con-
gress on the point he has
now made. Members will be-
lieve 1t is time he made It
and will welcome the evidence
that in this area. where his
talents are greatest. his hand
seems firmly on the helm.