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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-03
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21
Balkans:
An Accord

A week of political talks be-
tween Greece and Yugoslavia
ended Friday with the signing Of
nine accords and general agree
ment" on relations. once bitter.
between the two countries. But on
one major matter-the establish-
ment of missile bases in Greece
there was still a wide gap. Greece.
as a member of NATO. is negotiat-
ing now for the building Of rocket
launching sites on her territory.
YugoSlavia. under President Tito's
guidance strictly independent Of
either bloc in foreign affairs, sup
ports an "atom-free" peace zone
in the Balkans with missiles
banned from all nations. including
Italy and Greece.
Greek Foreign Minister Averof,
however, hailed the agreements
with Yugoslavia as real coexist-
ence." Both he and Belgrade'S
Foreign Minister Koca Popovic
stressed that differences in inter-
nal systems and in views on some
international questions" were not
preventing cordial relations be-
tween Athens and Belgrade.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21
FdrEdst:
Shooting

The international tensions that
concerned the foreign ministers
at Geneva were not eaSed last
week when two Communist MIG
fighters attacked a United States
Navy patrol plane of Korea. The
American plane escaped, severely
damaged and with one crew mem
Der wounded.
Added to the political Juror that
always accompanies these sporadic
sky clashes was another factor this
time. Landing at its base after
the attack, the crew of the Navy
plane told reporters that only one
turret of their aircraft was able
to return the MICS fire. Senator
Bridges, Republican of New Hamp-
shire. and other lawmakers
promptly demanded explanations
from the Navy and the Pentagon.
The explanations were forth
coming, but the issue had already
been joined. The plane attacked.
said the Pentagon, was recon-
Nuisance craft, and electronic gear
had replaced the armament in
two main turrets of 20-millimeter
cannon. Defense Secretary Nc
Elroy Indignantly called the up
roar ridiculous" Even If the
PAM Mercator had been fully
armed. he observed, its guns would
not be of the type useful in fight
ing MICS.
The real issue, said Mr.. McEl-
roy, was the irresponsible attack
against a plane on a peaceful mis-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21
Johnson at Helm

The swift climax to the Strauss
debate that had droned on for two
weeks in the Senate was en-
gineered by Lyndon johnson, who
was irked by recent Republican
efforts to pin a won't do label
on the seth Congress. When a
roll call on an appropriations bill
Thursday disclosed that oil ga
Democrats were on hand while
three G. o. P. Senators were out
Of town, the Majority Leader
made his move.
The Republicans were informed
that the Senate would be kept in
session until the Strauss vote.
While @. o. P. Senator's fiIibus-
tered on the floor. urgent calls
went out to the three missing
members to return to Washington
at once.
SSssSator Morton of Kentucky,
the party's national chairman,
few back from Denver. Senator
Bennett Of Utah arrived from
Salt Lake City on a jet trainer
supplied by the Air Force. Sena-
tor Young of North Dakota left a
Milton Young Day" celebration
In his home State aboard an Air
Force jet tanker.
When the first two Senators
made 1t back to the Capitol
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21

Close Call

President Arturo Frondizi of
Argentina, long struggling against
a serious economic crisis, mar.
rowly averted a new coup against
his regime Friday. Powerful ele.
ments Of the armed forces. re-
portedly led by officers resentful
of alleged "softness" in the
Frondizi government toward Per-
onistas and Communists, were
threatening direct action.
Moving swiftly, however, Mr..
Frondizi mustered army and air
force units he could depend on,
confined all others to barracks,
and arrested a number of prom
inent officers. Two known leaders
of the dissident military groups
surrendered voluntarily-Admiral
Arturo Rial and 1t. Gen. Arturo
Ossorio Arana--to face sedition
charges.
Behind the reStleSSness in the
armed forces is a distrust of Per-
onista influences in Mr.. Frondizi's
administration. Officers who led
the successful coup against Die.
tator Peron and governed the re-
public until elections could be
held fear deal" might bring the
impatient Peron back to power
in Buenos Aires.
The surrender of Admiral Rial
and Gen. Ossoria Arana is viewed
as an indication that President
Frondizi has agreed to certain
military demands for drastic
changes. in return for the armed
forces support needed to keep
him in power. -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21
Gromyko Deliberate

Mr.. Gromyko took some time in
replying. He twice asked for "a
hour postponements Of sessions
arranged for the Soviet answer.
But there were plain indications
Of rejection. even before the So
Wet official met with his Western
colleagues at his villa Friday
afternoon. Adm. the East German
news agency, called the Vests
latest package "a reiteration Of
old points in more conciliatory
form" The Soviet reply. when it
finally came Friday, followed with
obviously planned timing a speech
made in Moscow Friday morning
by Mr.. Khrushchev. In essence, 1t
was "nyet."
Not only was the Western posi-
ton Objectionable, said Mr.. Khru-
shchev and his Geneva spokesman
Mr.. Gromyko. but 1t was not even
adequate as "a basis for negotia-
ton" Mr.. Gromyko, in a 35-
minute session with the Western
statesmen, countered their pro-
posal with a reiteration Of Soviet
demands made earlier:
Get out of Berlin.
End the occupation.
Accept West Berlin as a "free
city" possibly under United Ma
tons supervision.
Sign peace treaties with both
East and West Germany.
End the rearming Of the Bonn
government.
Agree to keep nuclear weapons
out Of both Germanies.
Thus the Geneva conference
recessed until July Is at almost
precisely the point where it be-
gan-except that the area of dis
agreement had been well clarified
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21
In Bonn::
Feluding

When 83-year-old Chancellor
Konrad Adenauer changed his
mind about exchanging the cham
cellorship for West Germany's
largely ceremonial office Of presi-
dent, he made many enemies.
But the man who had the most
reason for dismay at the Ade-
nauer reversal was Ludwig Err
hard. economies minister and vice
chancellor, who had the inside
track in the race to succeed Der
Alte."
In Washington when the storm
broke. Mr.. Erhard few back to
Bonn and patched UP a shaky.
chilly truce with his stubborn
chief. But the truce was even
more transitory than Mr.. Ade-
nauer's original decision. Last
week Mr.. Erhard was publicly
accusing the Chancellor Of sys-
tematically maligning his repu-
tation and seeking to eliminate
HIM politically. "The fate Of the
christian Democratic) party is
at stake" said Mr.. Erhard. as he
promised a determined defense.
The immediate spark for the
latest explosion was an interview
the Chancellor granted to a re-
porter for the New York Times.
In replies to questions, Mr.. Ade-
nauer was quoted as questioning
Mr.. Erhard's political experience.
An excellent Minister Of Econom.
les, he was reported to have said.
was not necessarily qualified as q
political leader or as an architect
of foreign policy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21
The Principle Involved

The principle that appeared to
weigh most heavily in the OUT
come Of the tight confirmation
vote was that Of executive privi-
lege and the extent to which it
had been abused by Mr.. Strauss,
in the eyes of his critics. in his
relations with the Congress. The
former chairman of the Acc
stood accused, and in Fridays
vote convicted. of deceit and de-
ception" Of the legislative branch.
The political lines were first
drawn by the Republicans. who
stood almost solidly behind Mr..
Strauss and Mr.. Eisenhower. and
disclaimed by Senate Democratic
Leader johnson. who remained
publicly uncommitted until the
roll call
The vote of Lyndon johnson did
not alone decide the fate of Mr..
Strauss but 1t assured victory to
the Democratic liberals who might
otherwise have gone down to en-
barraSSing defeat The victory be-
came personal triumph for Mr..
johnson and provided another
testimonial to his power and skill
in legislative technique.
The Republican defeat was the
more painful because of the de-
lection Of two G. o. P. Senators
NfyhAnn
crucial. Senator LANCER of North
Dakota. often a maverick, had
announced in advance that he
would oppose Mr.. Strauss. The
position Of Margaret Chase Smith,
Of Maine, was unknown and I'M
suspected by most of her fellow
Senators until she answered the
confirmation roll call with an en-
phatic mo-"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21
Eisenhower Sad

Mr.. Eisenhower's reaction. in
a statement the following morn
ing was more bitter:
Last night the Senate refused
to confirm the nomination as Sec
rotary Of Commerce Of Lewis
Strauss man who in war and
in peace has served his Nation
Loyalty. honorably and effectively
under four different Presidents.
II am losing a truly valuable
associate in the business Of Gov
eminent. More than this-if the
Nation is to be denied the right to
have as public servants in re-
sponsible positions men Of his
proven character, ability and in
tegrity. then indeed 1t is the
American people who are the
losers through this sad episode"
The rejection OF Mr.. Strauss was
a personal defeat for Mr. Eisen-
hover, who had thrown his full
prestige into the Senate fight At
his Wednesday news conference he
had confirmed that he had been
behind the administration lobby
ing" which had sought unsuccess-
fully to swing uncommitted Sena-
tors behind Mr.. Strauss.
He believes in using every in
fuence he can muster to "get the
Congress to see the light" when
his conscience tells him they are
wrong about an issue. the Presi-
dent said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21

by a vote Of 40 to 46, to confirm
Mr.. Strauss for the Cabinet post
he had already filled for seven
months.
Mr.. Strauss became the eighth
Cabinet nominee rejected by the
Senate in the history of the
United States. Dwight D. Eisen-
hover became the fifth Chief Ex-
ecutive so rebuffed -four Of the
eight reflections were during
the administration Of President
Tyler.
The Senate's reasons for ques-
tioning the fitness Of Mr.. Strauss
to serve in the Eisenhower Cabi-
net have been explored and ana
ylzed exhaustively. In the begin
ming. when no one in the Senate
really expected that the former
Acc chief would fail to win con-
flrmation as Commerce Secretary,
they were primarily issues Of per-
sonalify.
In the end. when AZ Democrats
and 2 Republicans voted against
Mr.. Strauss. they were issues of
violently disputed principle--and
of politics.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21
Summit Possibilities

At his press conference Wednes-
day, President Eisenhower told
reporters that he would never
decline the opportunity" of TAX
ing part in summit meeting IF
there is any kind of reasonable
progress that justifles" such a
gathering. He would not, he de-
clared, insist that the Soviet
Union withdraw its Berlin chal-
lenge as a precondition for a
summit meeting. But he observed
that prospects for such a meeting
were mo brighter" now than they
had been when the foreign min
listers first met at Geneva last
month.
Yesterday the State Depart
ment. in a formal statement. re-
iterated Western intentions to
stand fast in Berlin. The people
Of West Berlin, the Department
said. can depend on continued
support of their security and well
fare.
1T might be appropriate to en-
phasize," the statement noted.
that throughout these talks tin
Geneva. as will be true Of the
talks when they resume. the
United States has constantly
borne in mind the difficult posi-
ton Of the courageous people Of
West Berlin. Our responsibility
to them has been and will remain
our primary consideration"
The statement was moderate
and even hopeful that solution
would eventually be reached. In
tone. it lent substance to the
widespread belief that the SEEM
ing impasse at Geneva did not
spell the end Of serious efforts on
both sides to discover a mutually
acceptable solution to the vexing
German problem.
Mr.. Herter, due in Washington
today. will see the President after
his return from Gettysburg this
afternoon. Later the Secretary
may report to the American peo-
pie by radio-TV on the Geneva
meeting, and will discuss the sit
uation with key lawmakers in
Congress this week.
Despite the stalemate at Geneva,
Soviet spokesman both in Mos
COW and Washington were con-
tinuing to express confidence in
the inevitability of a summit ses-
sion. Most non- Communist dip
lomats along Embassy Row APP
peared to agree with them. Their
logic: Everyone wants settle
ment. no one wants to go to war,
therefore there will be some fur
ther attempt at settlement and
1t will very likely be a summit
conference because Mr.. Khru-
shchev has made it plain all along
that there, and only there. can
a settlement be reached.
And though the foreign min
listers have returned to their capt.
tails. the channels Of possible nego-
tiation, informal and formal,
seem to be open. Mr.. Eisenhower
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21
History of Reflections

1t was the first time the Senate
has turned down any major APP
pointment by Mr.. Eisenhower. The
last rejection af a cabinet nominee
was during the Coolidge admins
tration, when Attorney Charles
Warren was voted down 4l-to-39.
A former counsel for sugar refining
firms, he was rejected on conflict
of-interest grounds in the after
math Of the TEAPOT Dome scandals.
Roger fancy, Andrew Jackson's
Secretary of the Treasury, was the
first Cabinet appointee evicted
from Office by the Senate. Presi-
dent Tyler had four of his Cabinet
choices overruled during a feud
with Congress after he lost the
support of his own Wing Party.
Andrew Johnson's selection of
Henry Stanbery as Attorney Cen
eral was rejected in 1867 shortly
after his own impeachment trial.
If Mr.. Eisenhower has picked
successor to Mr.. Strauss as Com
merce Secretary. he has not dis
closed his selection to Republican
leaders. One name mentioned In
speculation was that of Under
secretary Frederick H. Mueller,
who is expected to take over as
acting Secretary when Mr.. Strauss
vacates the Office.
The breakdown of the Senate
vote showed that Is Democrats
Joined the 81 Republicans who
voted for Mr.. Strauss. Southern
Democrats, who had been counted
on heavily by pro-Strauss forces,
split sharply despite the strong
backing given Mr.. Strauss by Vir-
ginia's Senator Byrd, one of the
most influential voices in the
Continued on Page Ca
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21

Energy Commission quarters has
grown stronger and more open to
ending tests. Despite a new wave
last year Of alarming reports of
radioactive fallout from previous
tests. opponents Of a test ban
claim security requires further
testing. They have cited UNDER
ground tests as difficult to detect,
and also as producing minimum
danger from fiSsion products in
the atmosphere.
The Soviet Position
Mr.. Tsarapkin insisted that
such evidence as that contained
in the Berkner report had no
place in the Geneva meeting,
which was charged with negotia-
ting a test ban. Such additional
scientific information as that con-
tanned in the Berkner study should
be turned over to the experts who
would be included in any East
West test ban system, ne con-
tended.
American Chief Delegate James
j. Wadsworth replied to the So
Wet charge by pointing out that
both Congress and the President
had called for an end to testing.
But such technical information as
that in the Berkner report, he
declared. was entirely pertinent
to the debates at Geneva.
The Soviet Union has agreed to
discuss methods Of detecting test
blasts in outer space. but so far
has rejected further study of I'M
derground testing. Continued
Western insistence on such study
could bring the test-ban con-
ference to a stalemate similar to
that marking the unproductive
Geneva meeting Of foreign min
listers. Testing series would nor
mally resume this summer or fall
unless a suspension is agreed
upon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21
Test Ban:
Trouble

Another Geneva conference was
in diff1cult straits last week the
three-power meeting on ways and
means Of agreeing on and enforc-
ing a ban on nuclear weapons
testing
In the most sharply worded So
Wet statement since the confer
ence began last October, Soviet
Delegate Semyon Tsarapkin &C
cused the United States and Brit
ain Of deliberately torpedoine a
test ban The method employed,
the Russian charged, was the in
PRODUCTION of the Berkner report
on detection Of underground nu-
clear blasts.
Since the conferees first met,
opposition in military and Atomic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21
The Best Interpretation

Inere mas Deen no agreement
whatever at Geneva, despite the
long series Of talks. formal and
informal, that have taken place in
the weeks since May IL. Yet
there has been, in the opinion of
many diplomats an atmosphere
Of negotiation" which they think
virtually guarantees the working
out of some modus vivendi II the
chiefs-of-state get together. The
foreign ministers, they point out.
are not packing their bags in
wrath and departing in dudgeon.
Therefore. 1t is being assumed, 1t
is too early to classify this latest
attempt at East-West harmony as
a failure.
When the foreign ministers
wound UP their meeting yesterday
with a plenary session in the
United Nations Palace Of Nations,
they left unanswered the i'm
mediate question Of Berlin. The
Soviet Union has threatened
unilateral action on the former
German capital. occupied since
l945 by Britain, France, the
Soviet Union and the United
States under the terms Of a war
time agreement. Repeatedly last
November. when Soviet Premier
Khrushchev first issued the
challenge, the Kremlin has
warned that lack Of agreement
with the West would mean only
that Moscow would conclude a
peace treaty with the German
Democratic Republic East
Germany-which would turn over
Soviet responsibilities in Berlin to
the Communist German govern
ment.
In their final proposal, the
Western allies took a few hesitant
steps toward the Soviet position.
The revoked package" proffered
to Soviet Foreign Minister Andrea
Gromyko by Secretary of State
Christian Herter on Tuesday
offered ID to keep the present
Western garrisons in West Berlin
at their present size. or possibly
to reduce them; CD to restrict
the garrisons to conventional
weapons; 90 to recognize East
German officials as agents" Of
the Soviet Union in traffic mat
tiers between Berlin and West
Germany; and "a TO reduce anti
Soviet propaganda activities in
West Berlin. In return, the
Vests proposal demanded a
guarantee of unlimited access to
Berlin from West Germany.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21
ForCubo:
New Woes?

Premier Fidel Castro's recent
sweeping land reform law con-
tinued last week to be the focus
OF widespread protest. After mass
meetings of landholders at widely
scattered locations threatened stiR
resistance to the land decree. flve
cabinet members were replaced.
Mr.. Castro Is standing firm.
however. and the government has
promised stern measures to sup
press terrorist acts" Nine bombs
exploded in and around Havana
Thursday and Friday. Premier
Castro. ascribing the violence to
disciples OF ousted Dictator Full
gencio Batista, threatened new
revolutionary tribunals and firing
squads.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21

sion" over international waters.
The Navy reported the attack area
as being 80 miles from Korea. The
superstition at the Pentagon was
that the attacking planes were
North Korean fighters Of Soviet
manufacture.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Strauss Case Mixes
Principles, Politics

With the DixonYaes controversy swirng
1854 Lewis Strauss then chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission
reflected with some bitterness on the rewards Of public service
This will be last public job earth" he
He the accepted October
appointment Secretary few months after leaving
the Acc post
Last week the Senate wrote historic end to the
public Lewis
tive Of advice
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21

and the diplomats ''knew what
they were talking about" The
most optimistic Of observers had
not expected the foreign ministers
to reach any major agreements.
But there had been a general ex-
pectancy that they would arrive
at some token accord that could
be used as the basis for a later
summit meeting. Such an initial
accord was lacking yesterday. but
even yet few diplomats were ready
to dismiss prospects of a meeting
Of heads-o f-state later this sum-
mer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21

at his news conference referred
TO the forthcoming visit of Soviet
Deputy Premier Frol Kozloy and
the trip Vice President Nixon Is
taking next month TO the Soviet
Union: I'VE would never lose any
opportunity that would arise
through the contact of any re-
sponsible official of any govern
ment :. to bring about some
advance L shall certainly
make an engagement some way so
tMr. Hollow can come to see me-"
Macmillan Rumor
Amid reports that British
Prime Minister Macmillan would
fly to Moscow and Washington to
press for a summit conference re-
gardleSs OF the stalemate at
Geneva. Mr.. Khrushchev Friday
repeated his contention that fall
ure, at Geneva makes a summit
meeting more necessary than
ever.
I'VE hold" he told a Kremlin
rally for an East German dele
cation. that If the foreign min
listers do not reach agreement in
Geneva a meeting at the summit
will become all the more necessary
would be glad to go. not
only to one but to several summit
meetings" Setting a date for a
change in Berlin, he added. was
never meant to be an ultima
tum." But the change must be
made, he warned. and If the West
should attempt to maintain the
occupation by force. "the Soviet
Union would support the German
Democratic Republic with all
means at its disposal"
Any attempt at a summary of
the situation as it exists today
would have to assume. first, that
there exists a "time OUT period
rather than new crisis. Moscow
has made 1t plain that flexibility
governs the time limit on Berlin
but equally plain that the status
quo in that occupied city is I'M
acceptable. The West has not
forced showdown. or conditioned
a summit meeting on the solution
Of the Berlin question, even though
the latter has been considered
paramount to the United States
consent to go to the summit.
What does appear strongly likely
is that the Kremlin feels it holds
a better hand of cards than the
West. that the overriding ques-
ton of European security tthe
Specter Of a rearmed Germany
must be settled. and there will
never be a better time than now
to do 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-21

Thursday evening Democrats
agreed to arrange a pair" to can
Gel out the vote of Mr.. Young.
who was still on his way. TIE
vote on Mr.. Strauss began at
1917 am. Friday and the result
was announced at 1875 am.
Mr.. Strauss. who waited for the
news in his Office at the Com
merce Department. composed a
formal statement to express his
feelings at becoming the first
Cabinet nominee since 1925 to be
rejected by the Senate.
Il have done the best ! knew
how to do-to protect and defend
the national security even when
that was not the recognized nor
easy, nor popular course Of ac-
ton, at the time" he said
1T leave with confidence that
history will be Just"