davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-10

State Delegate were support
ers Of massive resistance
Probably the biggest voice OF
segregation on the local level IL
that Of J. Barrye Wall. round
faced. cigar-ehewlng publisher
Iof the twice-weekly Farmville
Herald. Were not made al
anybody, we Just don't want
any indignation" said Mr.. Wal
whose home backs UP to the
property Of q Negro.
Forecast Changes
Mr.. Walls son, J. Barrye, jr.,
is attorney for the school foun-
dalton.
I'VE said all along we would
abandon the schools If inte-
grafton was ordered" said
young Wall. "This was our in
tention: we did it, and now we
are taking care Of our own chill
dren."
The attorney said the people
Of Prince Edward feel that
Governor Almond let them
down when he steered the State
away from MASSIVE resistance.
What we think about the
State administration can't be
printed" he said.
Private schools are here to
stay, there's no question about
that" said B. Blanton Hamburg.
president Of the private school
foundation.
I'm not sayin there never
will be any integrated schools.
for never is a long time" said
Mr.. Hamburg, who operates
a barrel and box-making fac
tory employing about 100 peo-
pie. mostly Negroes But I
don't see any In tine forseeable
future. If there are any they
Twill be put here by somebody
besides the people of Prince Ed
ward County"
Farmville Mayor w. F. Wat
kins, jr., an attorney. said the
Board Of Supervisors action In
cutting of school funds was "a
step we had TO take" He said
indignation "is not possible here
now or at any time in the near
future"
These sentiments are echoed,
with few exceptions, by club
leaders, businessmen and the
man in the street. The last
graduating class at the white
public high school in Farmville
donated its treasury balance
S66.92-to the private founda-
ton.
Offer Help to Negroes
Community leaders say they
are saddened that such dras-
tic action had to be taken
Foundation officials said they
have offered to help Negroes
set up their own private schools
They point out that the Negroes
could use State tuition grants
to finance private schools.
When the Board Of Super
visors refused to levy school
taxes, 1t said 1t did so with
profound regret" and without
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-10
Bombings in Little Rock
Are Charged to Two Men

LITTLE ROCK. Ark. Sept.
10 (AP). "A segregationist
leader and q truck driver were
charged today with three Labor
Day bombings linked with Lit
tie Rocks school integration
battle.
The segregationist is Z. A.
Lauderdale. ST., q 48-year-old
lumber dealer. His arrest fol-
lowed that Of ]. d. Sims. q So
year-old truck driver.
Each was held In jail under
$4,000 bond on charges Of de-
stroying property with explo-
sives. q felony which could
mean as much as i've years
imprisonment and q $500 fine
for each.
A second truck driver, Jessie
r. Perry, also was arrested.
No charges were filed against
him. but police continued to
question him throughout the
night.
Bonds Continued
Bonds for the two men were
continued at $4,000 this morn
ing BY Municipal Court Judge
Quinn Glover.
Mr.. Sims appeared in court,
but Mr.. Lauderdale. represent
ed by Amis Guthridge, q seq
regationist attorney. did not. I.
Mr.. Sims rejected efforts Of
Mr.. Guthridge to represent
him. When Judge Glover asked
him II Mr.. Guthridge was his
attorney. Mr.. Sims replied:
II sent word to him last
night that I didn't want q
lawyer"
Mr.. Guthridge, attorney for
the segregationist Capital Citi-
gems Council. had asked that
Mr.. Sims be brought into court
to prove he had retained coun-
sci. The attorney insisted Mr..
Sims wife had employed him.
Refuses to Reduce Bonds !.
Mr.. Guthridge repeatedly
tried to get the court to re-
duce Mr.. Undertakes bond.
but each time prosecutor j.
Frank Holt replied:
II do not consider the bail
excessive"
Ire Judge refused to reduce
the bonds of both men.
Mr.. Guthridge charged Mr..
Holt and Police Chief Gene
Smith had refused to let him
see Mr.. Sims in jail last night.
That's q false accusation"
Mr.. Holt shot back.
Mr.. Guthridge finally gave
UP on Mr.. Sims and said he
represented only Mr.. Lauder
dale.
Mr., Iauderdale long has been
active In the Capital Citizens
Council. He was twice de-
feated for the City Manager
Board. once in q close race
with Werner C. Knoop, now
Mayor.
Mayor Knoop's Office was one
Of three places bombed Mon
day night. The others were
the school boards administra-
tive building and Fire Chief
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-10
Indio Claims to Have
One Tenth of Poultry

NEW DELHI. - A poultry
book just issued by the Indian
Council on Agricultural Re-
search says midas poultry
population Is 95 million, or
about 10 per cent Of the world
total.
More than 10 billion eggs are
laid in India annually. with q
value Of more than $50 million
rupees (about $3l, 500.000).
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-10

CAPE TOWN.-South Africa
is the worlds largest platinum
producer. It is also a large
supplier Of gold. uranium and
diamonds and has much man
ganese. coal. chrome. asbestos
and iron ore. but crude oil has
not yet been discovered in pay
ing quantities.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-10

lshostility toward the Negro
people Of Prince Edward
County"
Most foundation officials see
little hope Of opening public
schools again because they
would have to be integrateu.
They see private schools for
white students as q permanent
thing, but they are worried
about the financial problems.
At this point. the foundation
Is not planning to use State
tuition grants. Under Virginia
law, q student may receive up
to $3.50 a year for schooling at
a private, non-sectarian school.
In Prince Edward. the maxi
mum is about 1892.
1--WE don't want anything to
do directly or indirectly with
State aid" said Attorney Wall.
The foundation fears that ac-
cepting State tuition grants
might give the private schools
a public tinge and lead to court
action by Negroes.
Financial Dream
"Of course it's a financial
dream" said Mayor Watkins.
We've raised over q million
dollars for community projects
in the last five years. When
you ask for $500, 900 more. it's
a sacrifice. That's a lot of
money for q community Of 49,
900 and half Of them Negroes. "
Mr.. Hamburg said he hoped
the State Legislature next year
will make the tuition grant
program stronger so 1t can be
used without fear Of court
attacks.
The foundation is talking Of
buying or building permanent
quarters for private schools.
but no concrete plans have
been made. Right now, we're
going one year at q time" said
foundation Treasurer E. Louis
Dahl, a Farmville merchant.
against the private school plan.
A few parents have rebelled
against the private school plan.
DR.. c. @. @. Moss, head Of
the history department at
Longwood College. a State in
stitution for women in Farm
vile, is sending his eighth
grade son TO o private school
in Richmond.
II thought the Board of
Supervisors action was wrong
and / can't support the private
school plan by sending my son
to it," said DR.. Moss. II think
it is undemocratic and un-
christian to deny the Negroes
the right Of public schooling.
Destroying the public schools
is an evil thing"
Russell Macdonald. assis-
tant professor Of English at
Hampden-Sydney College for
Men 6 miles south Of Farmville,
said he will teach his third
grade son at home under an
accredited correspondence type
program.
I'm not sure interrogation Is
the best thing, but 1t is the
right thing" Professor Mac
Donald said. II think that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-10
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
Board Chairman Roy r. Pear
son. q retired oil firm executive
with q degree in education, re-
signed his school post to be-
come administrator Of the pri-
vate foundation. The founda-
ton hired 66 Of the county's
rs white public school teachers
It signed up nearly 1900 stu
dents, less than 100 short Of
the public school enrolment
last term.
There Is no doubt that
abolishing the public schools
to avert integration has the
overwhelming support Of the
white citizens. They said so In
q petition five years ago, right
after the Supreme Courts de-
segregation decision, and they
have not changed their minds
There are q few white resi-
dents opposed to the school
closing, but theirs are voices in
the wilderness.
Negros Struck
Prince Edwards current
school troubles began eight
years ago when 400 Negro high
school students went on strike
for better facilities.
Our schools had no plumb
ing; on rainy days the water
ran through the classrooms
the children could never keep
warm in winter" said the Rev
L. Francis Griffin. eo-ordinatoI
for the NAACP unit Of Prince
Edward County.
Originally the issue was
equal facilities, but the NAACP
attorneys said they were no
longer filing suits for equal
facilities but for desegrega-
tion," said Mr.. Griffin. THE
parents decided to file suit"
That suit and four from
other sections of the South led
to the historic desegregation
decision Of the Supreme Court,
Ironically, two years before
the Supreme Courts decision,
Prince Edward completed a 81
million high school for Negroes
the most modern school plant
In the county.
Prince Edward is a rural
county In the heart Of Vir-
pinia's tobacco country. It's
other main source Of income
comes from its forests.
The county's white and Negro
populations are almost. equally
divided. The Negro school pop
ulation is slightly more than
the white.
Like many other Southern
rural areas, its Negro schools
lag far behind the white. Even
NOW, Of its 10 Negro schools,
II have no running water OF
central heat. Four Of them are
one-room schools, four have
two rooms. two have three
rooms ana one has four rooms
Besides the new school, there
ID a large Negro elementary
school In Farmville which
houses about 800 students.
An eight white schools have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-10
Young coneer Victim

CHICAGO. - Cancer caused
more than 100000 deaths in
the United States In 1858.
mostly in the middle and older
years, but including about
1000 children under age IS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-10

indoor plumbing. The smallest
is three rooms.
The white leaders claim most
of the Negroes want segregated
schools but are being pushed
by the NAACP..
Mr.. Griffin denies this.
There may be some not behind
it (desegregation). To say we
are 1909 would not be telling
the truth. But the majority will
go along with whatever course
the NAACP legal STAFF decides
to follow"
To Continue Fight
He said the Negroes have no
intention of withdrawing from
the fight. I'VE believe segre-
cation is morally wrong and
the courts have said 1t is legally
wrong"
Meanwhile, the Negro chill
dren are not being educated.
Mr.. Griffin said. No action
whatsoever" has been taken by
the Negroes to set UP private
classes as the whites have done.
ANY acceptance Of private
classes or private schools would
be detrimental to our objec-
tiyes." he said.
Mr.. Griffin said he expects
court action to be taken in an
attempt to bring back public
schools. but he added that 1t
appeared likely the Negro chill
dren will not be educated this
year. He said as or 20" Ne
groes have gone to other areas
for schooling. There we're about
1850 Negroes in school last
term.
Most Of the 81 Negro public
school teachers have found
posts outside of the. State. One
Of them became principal Of a
new Negro high school in War
rem County, Va. which has
had It's own school racial prob
lens.
Won't BE Easy
II Indignation does come
eventually to Prince Edward
County 1t will not come easily
Segregation has been the way
Of life here for generations.
The last major engagements
between the armies Of Grant
and Lee were fought at Say
lor's Greek Just east of Farm
vile. Appomattox, where Lee
surrendered, is in the neigh
boring county.
Farmville is the home base
for a segregationist Defenders
lof State Sovereignty and In
dividual Liberties. Defender
President Robert B. Crawford,
who lives In Farmville, said.
I'VE are calm, resolute and de-
termined that there viii be no
indignation"
Prince Edwards congress
sional representative is Demo
crat Watkins Abbitt, a staunch
segregationist and States
Fighter. Its State Senator and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-09-10
TRAIN

Continued From First Rage
NAMED scattered along the
,ight-of-way.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-17

mittee's findings win be re-
ported to the regular inter-
American foreign ministers
conference scheduled to be held
In Quito. Ecuador, next year.
Raul Castro said he was
going TO Santiago TO convey
the good win Of the Cuban
people. But during q stopover
IN Caracas last night he de-
scribed the conference as
"farcical" and said his brother
is not interested in II. He also
described the GAS as useless"
Nobody in 1t realizes or will
deal with the real problem In
the Caribbean and In all Latin
America, which Is the economic
problem" he declared.
He also charged the GAS
frequently is used by certain
people for their own needs. .
He asserted that Gen. Trujillo
wanted the conference, held to
coincide with the plot to in
wade Cuba"
Mai. Castro. who is COM
mander In chief Of cuba's
armed forces. was accompanied
Rby his wife and 40 others.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-17

new ships and other weapons
cannot be reduced without en-
dangering the strength Of the
Navy six to 10 years from now,
he added.
If the budget ceiling is main
tanned, where would money
come from to maintain the
size Of the feet and develop
and buy new weapons?
The Admiral had only q
hint:
1--WE have a large retaliatory
capability now an aggressor
cannot avoid being demolished.
But people always want a
lot more than they've got. ]
wouldn't reduce our retaliatory
capability. but there is a ques-
ton of where do you go from
here. I would like OF 60 more
into a limited war capability."
This can be translated: Re-
duce spending on the Air
Forces big-nuclear-war forces
and spend some Of the saving
on Navy aircraft carriers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-17

the accuracy might not be as
good as ours
It was unclear whether he
was referring to ballistic or air.
breathing missiles or both. The
Navy is still conducting initial
firing tests with its Polaris bal
listic weapon which is designed
for 1900 mile range.
In q frank discussion Of his
budget troubles during the con-
ference. the naval leader said
his service was I'm q bind" ADJ
miral Burke is just starting his
third term as Chief Of Naval
Operations.
Secretary of Defense Nc
Elroy has already said the fiscal
1861 budget ceiling would re-
main about the same as in the
past several years. There is
nothing to indicate the Nays
share Of the total viii be in
creased.
Imitation Boosts Costs
At the same time. imitation
is pushing costs so high that
the same old ceiling will buy
less Navy than ever before.
Therefore, Admiral Burke
said. Navy officials are in the
process of deciding to recon-
mend either q cut in the sixe
of the fleet or q cut in de-
velopment and procurement of
new weapons.
The feet seems a likely loser
at this point.
The Navy. with an 864-ship
fleet. has recently undergone
a one-third reduction in size.
It has been thought, Admiral
Burke said, that this is the
minimum size which can pro-
vide q defense of the seas.
Personnel, he said, cannot
be cut if the fleet is kept at
| its present size. Research, de-
velopment, and procurement Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-17
President S Aid Sought
In Settling Steel Strike

Secretary Of Labor Mitchell
has been acting as Mr.. Eisen-
hower's fact-flnder on the
strike.
Senators Javits, Republican
of New York, and Aiken, Re
publican of Vermont. said in
a joint statement that their
resolution would be a substitute
for a pending resolution intro
duced by Senator Symington.
Democrat Of Missouri, and
signed by 80 other Democratic
Senators.
In asking that the President
make public at once a report
by Mr.. Mitchell, Senators
Javits and Aiken said such a
move should be able to crys-
tallize the weight Of public
opinion to bring about a set
Element Of the strike or indi-
cate what further steps may be
taken to bring it about
Omits Mediator Role
The Senators said their pro-
posal that Mr.. Eisenhower tell
the public just what Mr..
Mitchell has determined to
date as fact-finder would omit
the Symington resolution re-
quest that the President act as
a mediator or make recon-
mendations on settlement
terms.
"In a situation like this" the
two G. o. p. Senators said, 1--WE
need to find new techniques for
asserting the public interest.
Public fact-finding is such a
technique"
The President. acting under
the Taft-Hartley Act, could
compel an end to the strike for
80 days.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-17

0A4AASoAe oAASs
The Soviet Union. he said
at a news conference. ''proba-
bly," has missile carrying SUBJ
marines capable Of shooting
both the slow and low-fiying
air breathing guided missiles
and the swift and silent ball
listic rockets.
And the possibility Of limited
war, he said, is very serious.
The United States still is only
building the first Of its sub
marines which will be able to
launch Polaris missiles.
Reds Working ON Subs
He added that Admiral
Burke said the Russians have
been doing q great deal of
work in the submarine and
missile field. He did not say
how many ballistic missile
launc hing submarines he
thought Russia might have.
Until now Navy officials had
suggested that Soviet subma-
rines probably were capable of
handling only the air breathing
missiles. Relatively slow, these
are essentially unnamed.
robot controlled bombers which
can be intercepted by some
anti-aircraft missiles. There is
no known counterweapon ca
pable of intercepting ballistic
missiles, though the United
States is working on the prob
lem. ~ -
Air breathing missiles can be
fred only from the surface,
Admiral Burke said in answer
to q question. Ballistic mis-
siles can be launched from SUBJ
marines hiding well below.
Doubts Accuracy
I While he thought Red sub
marines might be able to launch
missiles, the Admiral suggested
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-17

U. s. Heads Committee
The United States is chair
man Of the peace committee
at present. Other members
are Venezuela. Uruguay, FL
Salvador and Mexico. The COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-17
Raul Castro
Flies 10 Chile
For Farley

SANTIAGO. Chile, Aug. II
AP).-Fidel Castro's brother
Raul flies into Santiago today
as the foreign ministers Of
Latin America and the United
States argue out final details
of a compromise plan to calm
things down in the Caribbean,
The younger Castro's impact
on the foreign ministers talks
NOW In their sixth day-was
likely to be light. It was not
even certain he would appear
before the conference. How
ever. 1t was understood In Ha-
vana that he was bringing doc
uments purporting to link the
Dominican Republics dictator,
Generalissimo Rafael Trujillo,
with the anti-Castro con-
spiracy the Cuban regime says
it uncovered last week.
Haiti Makes Protest
Haiti protested to the con-
ference today against the in
vasion Of that Negro republic
by a small band Of revolution
aries.
The Haitian delegation said
the invaders. who terrorized a
village after landing Thurs
day. are believed to have come
from Cuba. Haitian troops are
hunting them.
This was the first case of
violence formally brought to
the attention Of the conference,
called to discuss Caribbean
tension.
Haiti's foreign minister,
Louis Mars, delivered the pro-
test to Foreign Minister Ger
man Vergara Donoso Of Chile,
chairman Of the conference.
The Haitian note, however,
may be referred to the Organ
ization' Of American States in
stead of bieng taken up for
mally by the ministers. Their
meeting is scheduled to wind
up tomorrow.
Aggression Charged
Mars declared Haiti is "the
victim Of aggression whose
manifest objective is to alter
public order and menace the
stability Of a constitutional
government"
His complaint noted that
about 30 men with long boards
land green unifroms. who were
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-17
~ the Associated Press

More Senators were looking
to the White House today fol
help in settling the Nationwide
steel strike as Joint negotiations
were set in New York today.
Talks between teams repre-
senting the industry and the
striking United Steelworkers Of
America recessed for the week
end last Friday as the stoppage
became q month old. There
was no indication Of progress
toward agreement on a new
contract.
Joseph r. Finnegan. director
Of the Federal Mediation and
Cancellation Service, is sitting
in on the negotiations.
2 Seek Facts
Two Republican Senators an
Ylounced they would introduce
IN the Senate today a resolu-
ton asking that President Eli
senhower make public the facts
about the strike that he pos
sesseS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-17

possibly Cuban revolutionaries.
had landed on Haiti's south
coast. He said that. for the
moment. Hiatt Is not accusing
Cuba or any other government
as the nationality OF the lead
ers has not been proved.
The foreign ministers have
hammered out agreement on q
set Of resolutions TO be pre-
presented to the conferences
general committee. It was ex-
pected they would be signed at
a final conference session to-
morrow.
Study Under GAS
The key resolution would
give the already existing Inter-
American Peace Committee Of
the Organization Of American
States temporary powers to
study methods and procedures
to prevent activities originating
abroad designed TO overthrow
constituted governments"
The aim is to prevent such
things as the invasion Of Pam
anna last April by about 100
men. mostly Cubans. recent in
vasions Of Nicaragua from Cos
Ia Rica and Honduras. the
Dominican campaign against
Premier Castro and his against
Gen. Trujillo.
The resolution balances this
fire prevention agency urged by
the United States with provi-
sions to meet demands by
Cuba and Venezuela for en-
phasis on strict observance Of
human rights and representa-
tive democracy and economic
help for underdeveloped ma
tons.
The resolution includes q
declaration Of Santiago" which
restates the principle of nonin-
tervention in each others In
ternal affairs: an order for q
legal study defining interven-
ton: an order for preparation
of a draft treaty which would
give the force Of law to declara-
tons on human rights; q
resolution urging speed in put
ting into effect the inter-
American economic program
advocated by Brazilian Presi-
dent Juscelino Kubitschek. and
a request for q study of the
possibility of reducing military
costs.
U. s. Heads Committee
The United States is chair
man Of the peace COMMITTEES
at present. Other members
are Venezuela, Uruguay, Fl
Salvador and Mexico. The COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-17

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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-17
U. 5. Leads in Eggs

OAfAHA--The United States
Is the worlds largest egg pro-
ducer. with an output exceed
ing that Of all Europe.