davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-08
Little Rock Lesson

The latest news dispatches from
Little Rock suggest two things-one, that
public sentiment in that city is not I'M
yieldingly opposed to some indignation in
the public schools and, two, that make
shift private schools for white children
cannot survive where public schools are
In operation:
The Little Rock School Board has
announced that it will open the COM
munity's four high schools on deSegre-
gated basis on August IL. This advanced
date apparently is designed to beat Gov
ernor FaubuS to the punch in any plans
he may have to continue his fight against
indignation. The Governor may yet come
up with some program to block desegre-
cation. It seems most unlikely, however,
that the school board would have acted
as it has unless the members felt as
Sured of substantial community support.
OF greater significance, perhaps, is
the fact that Raney High School will not
reopen. Raney was the largest OF three
all-white private schools started last fall
after Governor FaubuS closed the public
high schools. Plans had been made for
new building and the school had ex-
pected to enroll more than 1000 pupils
this year. But now it will go out of bust
ness, following the example set several
weeks ago by two smaller church-oper-
ated schools. The explanation offered by
DR.. T. J. Raney, president Of the Little
Rock School Corporation, is simple one.
He said: 1--WE are broke"
This, in three words, sums up the
key problem in setting up private schools
to avoid indignation. 1t may be possible,
although it will be difficult, to raise
the necessary money in communities in
which public sentiment is overwhelm-
ingly against indignation and in which
public schools have been abandoned.
But it just can't be done on any signifi-
cant scale If public schools are operating
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-08
PADDING Around in Orbit

II there are any space travellers
from other worlds out there, our latest
and queereSt-looking of earth satellites
must be arouSing acute curiosity. The
impression they will get is Of strange
newcomer to the array of DRIFTING earth
objects, seemingly padding its way in
a long elliptical course around our
planet.
Actually, of course, the paddlelike
appendageS on the 26-inch 142-pound
Explorer VI have nothing to do with
the satellites 10000 000-mileS-an-
hour velocity or its oblong path about
the earth. They will have great deal
to do, however, with the amount of in
formation which the hurting aluminium
vehicle transmits to scientists eager to
learn more about radiation, coSmic dust
and other phenomena affecting space
travel. For thousands of solar electric
cells on the paddles are designed to
power the satellites complex inStru-
n1ents-and keep them powered-as
long as Explorer VI remains in orbit.
Thus, the Air Force and the Ma
tional AeronauticS and Space Admins
tration, joint sponsors of the project,
hope to CLEAN more data over longer
period than has been possible with sat-
elites with fewer instruments and less
reliable sources of power to keep them
operating. The elongated orbit, delib-
erately planned, will carry the sophis-
ticated instrument package through the
for-little-explored Van Allen belt, of
cosmic radiation on regular trips, twice
a day. There is hope, therefore, that
new and highly valuable information
will be obtained concerning radiation
hazards which manned space ships will
encounter on some fateful day in the
future. The knowledge thus gained
should help to hasten that day-and to
reduce the risks to which pioneer hui
man space explorers will be subjected.
It is obvious, therefore, that the
successful launching of Explorer vi,
with its paddle wheel power generators,
is an achievement Of interest to all the
world and one Of which the Air Force
and the new space agency have right
to be proud. We hope the new satellite
will have good hunting and long life
perhaps longer even than the year
which its builders believe it may endure
the rigors Of space flight.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-08

if they want to be first-class
citizens.
What sage counsel does he
have for those like myself
who were born here? I have
no place to go back to. Sep
TENDER %, 1899, I was born
on the other side of the rail-
road tracks, in a small rented
home, the present site of The
Evening Star. Except as a
volunteer overseas in both
World Wars, the Nations
voteless. Capital has been my
home. Surely service in two
wars should give me the right
to be a f1rst-class American,
not subject to the un-Amer-
lean veto of those who hold
our inalienable rights as free
men in utter contempt. AS
one who has served on the
battlefield, who has paid
taxes without representation
and who approaches his 60th
birthday without exercising
for one second the right to
vote, I hold this fervent
hope: Some day, the great
political party of Jefferson.
supreme champion of human
rights, will not allow Tobacco
Road Dixiecrats and seces-
sionists to veto my inalien-
able right to be a flrst-class
American.
Thomas E. Mattingly, MD.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-08
Less Destructive Route

The Fairfax County Planning Com
mission has shown proper regard for
homeownerS' rights in protesting the
tentative Federal plan to run the Dulles
International (Chantilly) Airport access
road through the heart of one of the
county'S finer residential communities.
1t is unfortunate that neither the plan
ming agency nor the county'S Board Of
Supervisors was consulted before the
Government moved to shift the route
mile southwark from generally APP
proved rural area first chosen for the
superhighway. It is not too late, how
ever, for the Federal Aviation Agency
to heed the good advice of the county'S
planners and other officials by build
ing the road where it was originally
planned through corridor where the
feweSt homes would be affected.
None of the county's officials or
residents was aware of the arbitrary
change in route until Federal court
action was instituted to seize land south
OF the publicly announced corridor. Be-
1atedly, in response to storm of protest
from property owners, the FAA granted
a hearing to those whose homes would
be destroyed or reduced in value by the
shift The professors presented strong
case for returning the route to the
corridor initially decided on.
We hope the FAA will join with the
Fairfax County Planning Commission in
giving due consideration to the human
factor and property values in the final
decision on route. Certainly there is
no reason from an engineering stand
point, judging by testimony at the
hearings, why the broad, limited-access
highway cannot be built within the
sparsely populated corridor originally
chosen.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-08

Although I am now a reg
istered voter in Maryland, I
lived in the District Of CO.
lurnbia for many years. 1t is
appalling to me to hear that
several members of Congress
are reported to have made
statements to the effect that
If the people Of D. c. don't
like the city without a vote,
to let them get out, as no
one sent for them.
Let me tell these members
of Congress that If these
statements are true, they
should be the ones to get out,
because no one in the Dis
trict of Columbia sent for a
single one of them. They
were all anxious to get on the
Government gravy train, and
probably their constituents
were so tired of hearing their
speeches and promises that
these people elected them to
Congress to get rid of them.
Any permanent resident of
the Metropolitan Area of
Wa hin gton knows that
members Of Congress are a
dime a dozen in many cases
and we could all do just as
well without them. There
are in all cases exceptions,
I realize that there are many,
many able and far-sighted
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-08

boycott, the President said:
Take another company-let
us say a furniture manufac-
turer. The employees vote
against joining a particular
union. Instead Of picketing
the furniture plant, the un-
scrupulous officials use an
other scheme. They picket the
stores which sell the furni-
ture this company manufac-
lures. Its purpose is to pre-
vent these stores from ham
ding that furniture. How
can anyone justify this kind
Of pressure against stores
which are not involved in any
dispute? They are innocent
bystanders. This kind Of &C
ton is designed to make the
stores bring pressure on the
furniture plant and its en-
ployes-to force these en-
ployes into a union they do
not want. This is an example
Of a secondary boycott"
Meany Exerts Pressure
The President added en-
phatically: II want that sort
Of thing stopped. So does
America"
President Eisenhower's is
not the only pressure that
is being exerted in this mat
ter of labor legislation. Pres
ident George Meany of the
AFL-CIO and other leaders
of organized labor are exert
ing every means to prevent
the passage of the kind of law
the President is demanding
the administration bill or the
Landrum-G Griffin bill, spon-
sored by a Democrat and a
Republican. Indeed, the lead
ers are opposed to the Ken
nedy bill and the Elliott bill
as they stand, and want the
Shelley bill, which is weaker
even than the Elliott bill.
At the same time, Mr.. Meany
and the other labor leaders
insist they want to do away
with corruption and racket
eering and crooked union Of
ficials and crooked employers.
Anyway you look at it, the
coming fight in the House is
likely to be bitter and hard
fought and close when it
comes to a showdown. A
special rule for the considera-
ton of the Elliott bill-backed
by Speaker Rayburn-per-
mits the offering of any and
all amendments. If the Lam
drum Griffin bill is passed
by a combination of Re-
publican and conservative
Democratic votes, a terrific
struggle will come in con-
ference over the Senate and
House bills.
Senator Kennedy has
warned that such a struggle
might result in no legislation.
That, however, is unlikely.
Congress would not adjourn
without passing a bill. The
public would be outraged If
it did nothing to put an end
to the corruption revealed by
the Mcclellan committee. A
reform labor bill failed Of
passage in the last Congress.
If this happens again. while
1t may please some interested
persons, it will give the DEM
ocratic-controlled Congress a
black eye.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-08

@. Why is the newspaper
field referred to as the
fourth eState"?-G. L.
A. An estate" is a class OF
people vested with distinct
political power, whose con-
currence is necessary for leg
islation to be adopted. In feu-
dial Europe there were three
esta tie s-the clergy, the
mobiles, and the commoners.
Edmund Burke, British
statesman, referred to the
press gallery of the House Of
Commons as the fourth es-
tate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-08
'One-Two Punch

Representative Rivers of South Car
DINA, a member of the House Armed
Services Committee, has given an apt
description of the abrupt action Of Con-
greSS in eliminating the so-called "tomb-
stone" promotions of Navy, Marine and
Coast Guard officers upon retirement.
He said the ban on honorary stepups in
rank, on top of hump" legislation fore
ing early retirement of many combat
veterans, constitutes "one-two punch"
to officers who have served their Nation
well. 1t is not surprising that turmoil
among officers Immediately affected has
resulted, with potentially serious effects
on morale Of the sea services.
The tombstone" promotion ban was
not an economy measure, since the one
grade elevations in rank on retirement
of decorated regular and reserve officers
do not cost the Government penny.
They are purely honorary promotions,
not increasing retirement pay. They do
have value to the officers involved, how
ever, in their quest for jobs in civilian
life. 1t is true that the Army and the Air
Force have been Disseminated against
in this system, which for "a years has
applied only to Navy and Marine officers.
1t was because Of this discrimination,
apparently, that the Senate amended
the "hump" legislation to ban the retire
ment promotions.
But to end the 34-year-old practice
by November / of this year, without
advance notice TO the many officers
concerned and without giving them ade-
quate opportunity to revise their retire
ment plans, is to deliver low blow to
men who deserve, instead, pat on the
back, at least. 1t takes time to process
retirement applications, and some on
GERS who may wish to retire before the
November deadline on tombstone"
StepupS are at sea or abroad and will
have little or no time to consult their
families on their future course of action.
Since both houses of Congress have
approved the sudden ban-with too little
consideration of its far-reaching i'm
plications-there are only two ways in
which the blow can be Softened. One Is
by presidential veto, which is unlikely
because of the urgency of the hump"
legislation to which the ban amendment
is attached. This legislation is desired
by the Pentagon to smooth out the So
called hump of officers awaiting promo
tion-a hump resulting from the vast in
crease in officer personnel during World
War II. The other way is one proposed
by Representatives Stratton Of New York
and HuddleSon of Alabama. They have
introduced bill to postpone the cutoff
deadline on retirement promotions until
July 2, 1860. That would give the af-
fected officers more time in which to
consider their retirement problems and
to make decisions.
The delay plan makes more sense
than terminating almost overnight" Gas
Mr.. Stratton put it, a 34year-old pro-
cedure for giving retired off1cers bit
more prestige and higher rank to be
inscribed on their tombstones.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-08
LETTERS TO THE STAR


One thing certain, 1860 be-
ing the big election year, we
can look for no tough labor
law to curb the corrupt union
lists in 1859. because the la
Dor cars spent too many mil
lions in 1858 to elect this
present New Deal so-called
Dem o c ra t-controlled Con-
greSs. Oh. yes, our vote-hun-
CRY Congress will do much
barking about the corrupt
unioniSts, but no biting. 1t
will be more on the order of
back-rubbing by Congress
and tail-wagging by the labor
cars.
There will never be a labor
law to curb corrupt unions as
long as the labor cars con-
tinue to elect and rule Con-
greSS. Heaven knows I don't
condone Dave Beck's and
Jimmy Hoffa's labor union
activities but 1 feel they have
been singled out by this New
Deal Congress to be used as
guinea pigs while at the same
time coddling the other la
Dor racketeers for their worth
at the voting polls.
New Deal Senator Ken
nedy, who has his sights
raised and aimed at the
White House in 1860, is pres
emily playing footsie with
the labor cars. We must re-
member that the Far West
labor lords were big factors
in the Democrats victory in
1858, especially California.
Nish Showers.
So E&
! was surprised to learn
from Doris Fleeson's column,
July 81, that the Senate
approved labor reform bill is
"milder" than the House
Labor Committee bill.
Actually, the reverse is true.
The House committee bill is
considerably milder than the
Senate bill. The Star even
quoted an AFL-CIO spokes-
man as saying that the House
committee bill looks better
than the Senate bill. OBJ
viously, a union spokesman
would not say this If the
House bill were stronger than
the Senate bill.
Unfortunately, the unions
apparently are having some
success in trying to make it
appear that they would like
to effect some changes in the
House committee bill. This
is nothing but a defensive
move on their part to help
assure adoption Of the COM
mittee bill, rather than the
Landrum-G Griffin bill. Miss
Fleeson, Of course. helps their
case by making it appear that
the House bill is stronger
than the Senate bill.
The House committee bill
is already being termed the
"Hoffa bill" in many circles
for the clear reason that it
takes care Of 16 Of the 10
criticisms the Transfers had
of the Senate bill. How dis
gushing that a bill to protect
union members and the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-08
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES (. TRACEWELL

He likes to pick up stray
sheets of paper, wire, and
odds and ends, especially
odds.
Then what to do with
them?
We asked Jones about
this, and he smiled and said,
What else can you do with
them except throw them into
somebody's yard?"
So there you are, an an
Swer from an expert.
4 4 y
The fact is that if every
one in a block saw to the
street, parking and sidewalk
in front of his own home,
there would be no need for
an official busybody, fuddy-
buddy or not.
1t would take so little time
or effort, one by one.
When some one person has
to do it all, without the prop
er equipment, really, he has
a time of it. now and then.
And he does, unavoidably,
give others a sort Of infe-
riority complex, as they see
him doing what they know
they should do for them
selves.
Our correspondent prob
ably is suffering from this
complex.
Actually. the busybody is
an asset to the community.
Other people charge for
what he is doing free.
And because he is a free
agent, and is doing 1t because
he wants to, he does a better
job, no doubt, than those who
are merely paid to do a dis
agreeable one.
Other residents of this I'M
specified community should
Join in. 1--WE either stick to-
gether, or hang together"
went an old saying.
In this case, they will
either have an untidy look
ing block together, or a spick-
and-span community to-
gether.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-08
THE POLITICAL MILL
Labor Bill Bottle Lntensifies
BY GOULD LINCOLN

President Eisenhower has
thrown his influence onto the
legislative scales on the side of
effective labor reform laws. In
addition, he has appealed to
the American people directly
by radio and television for
backing. This he correctly
insists is the peoples busi-
ness. On the eve Of the la
Dor bill debate in the House
Of Representatives, scheduled
for this coming week, he has
made this unusual appeal be-
cause he does not believe
that the Kennedy bill which
passed the Senate or the FL
lott bill which has been re-
ported to the House by its
Labor Committee are effec-
tive.
The President pointed out
he is running for no Office.
He declared that the issue is
outside and beyond partisan
politics; that, indeed, 1t is
anonpartisan issue. He spoke,
he said, for no special inter-
estS, either organized labor or
organized management. His
only thought was for the best
interests Of honest working
men and women, honest en-
ployers, and for the people as
q whole.
Describes Two Abuses
Chief targets of the Pres
ident were the corruption and
racketeering revealed during
the more than two years in
veStigation by the Senate
Rackets Committee, headed
by Senator Mcclellan, Ar
kansas Democrat, and two
practices which have been
used to coerce employers
and employees alike. These
practices are what he called
"blackmailing picketing" and
the secondary boycott. In
plain, understandable Ian
guage, the President shed
light on just what he meant
by both blackmailing picket
ing and the secondary boy
colt. phrases which to a great
many people have only the
haziest meaning, if any mean
ing at all.
Here, for example, is how
the President described
"blackmailing" or coercive
picketing: Take q company
in the average American town
your town. The union off,
cial comes into the office,
presents the company with a
proposed labor contract and
demands that the company
either sign or be picketed,
The company refuses, be-
cause the employees don't want
to join that union. And re-
member, the law clearly gives
employees the right to have
or not to have a union
clearly a basic American right
Of choice.
Then what happens? The
union Official carries out the
threat and puts a picket line
outside the plant-to drive
away customers-to cut of
deliveries. In short, to force
the employees into a union
they do not want. This could
force the company out OF
business and result in the loss
Of all the Jobs in the plant
Describing the secondary
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-08

Lear Sir:
please don't m ention
where I live, but there is
something I want to talk
about.
I'VE have an old fuddy-
buddy in our neighborhood
who insists on picking up
every scrap Of paper in the
block.
He has appointed him
self unofficial street sweeper,
or something. and growls in
his beard at the tiniest scrap
he finds.
II will admit the block
looks better for his ministra-
tons, but he is a busybody
and makes me feel lacking in
civic virtue or something.
II especially resent him
throwing old wire onto my
lawn, just to get it out of his
way. I think he had better
put it in his pocket, just like
the man did in the famous
story about the piece Of
string, just a piece of string,
mister.
Very truly, w. E. Y"
We are unable to join with
our correspondent in her
heated discrediting Of this
capable citizen.
Every block ought to have
at least one such person in
1t. Especially someone to
pick up the discarded whisky
bottles.
Community tidiness is
something all must work at,
or at least ought to work at.
Usually it dwindles down
to some one with the clearly
complex.
Probably he is a man who
washes his hands many
times a day. The psychia-
tristS have a name for him.
Still, he may be a very fine
person, and every community
needs one or more, so that
what all should see to is
cared for by at least one.
Trash boxes and the like
commonly are overlooked by
people at large.
y 4 4 4
They do not mean to be
untidy, or make a mess of
their own or somebody else's
community, but they do not
much care, one way or the
other.
Perhaps it is the spirit of
the day. as the world sits on
the brink Of being blown sky
ward some awful morning.
We are sure it will be in
the morning.
No other time would do.
Everybody would be just
getting up, and quarreling
about the hot water. and
wondering whether one or
two eggs for breakfast. when
suddenly
Wham! as the comics say,
but it wouldn't be funny at
all.
Temp Jones is an unap-
pointed street sweeper.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-08

In spite of their advanta-
geous economic position, the
union has refused, so far, to
compromise.
To drastically reduce de-
velopment, as would have to
be done If the industry met
the unions demands without
a price increase. would be q
dangerous move for the
steel companies and the Ma
ton. In 1859, for the first
time since the beginning Of
the century, United States
imports Of steel exceed ex-
ports. Our steel exports
have dropped q per cent in
the first four months Of this
year because our prices are al
ready as much as 10 per cent
higher than foreign steel.
Russia is also gaining rap
idly on the United States in
steel production. These are
of no real danger yet. The
American steel companies
feel they can combat this
competition by automation
and superior quality. If re-
search and development are
slowed down, this foreign
competition might prove to
be a threat to our economy.
Members of the Congress
should look beyond the next
election to the future Of the
Nation and contemplate the
consequences If Russia, one
of our strongest competitors
in the world steel market,
captures our position as
world leader in one Of the
most basic industries. Not
only labor racketeering but
the immense power Of labor
must be checked by appro-
pirate legislation, as was the
power Of industry. It seems
only fair that labor and in
dustry should possess q bal
ance Of power.
C. X. FeweIl, Jr.
Justice Felix Frankfurter's
heartening decision in the
Hoffa litigation. refusing a
stay order, and remarking
that the proceeding is IAN
unusual manifestation Of
equity" is something which
I, as a lawyer of 81 years,
wish to praise.
The ruling is also a force
full notice, and surely a time
ly one, that our Federal
courts. all of which are by
Congress invested with equity
jurisdiction, already, and for
that very reason, have am
pie power to deal with situa-
lions such as the Hoffa liti-
cation.
Justice Frankfurter's ref
erence to the fact that the
Hoffa case is one in equity
(chancery), and not a case
at law, should also be good
news to laymen, showing
that our courts can handle
our rights, even in the alb
sence Of any further legisla-
ton by Congress, If it should
fail to act.
A. w. Lafferty.