davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-13
Hard Choice in Iruq

The British government has taken
a calculated risk, but one with at least
slightly favorable odds. in It's decision
TO supply arms TO Iraq. Furthermore,
an opposite decislon--a rundown of
Prime Minister Kassem's request for this
type Of aid--would have posed the even
greater risk, If not certainty, that he
would have had no alternative except
to make an arms deal with the Soviet
Union. This was, in fact, the course
taken by President Nasser Of Egypt
after Western unwillingness to furnish
him military equipment, and the conse-
quences OF that decision have been
advantageous only to Moscow.
Actually, the British gamble in this
case boiIs down to risking very little
the issuance of the necessary export
licenses for commercial arms shipments
lin comparison with what might be
won. In sense, General Kassem HIM
self is at bay in Baghdad. Under in
creaSing pressure to accept Communists
in his government, the target Of an un-
successful soldiers revolt few months
ago, and berated by Colonel Nasser from
Cairo, the Iraqi leader has been in a
dangerously isolated position. The best
advices are that he is not a Communist
himself and that evidence of his accept
ability, but not subservience, to the West
would increase both his strength and
his will to resist Communist maneuver-
ing. In addition, there is opinion in
both London and Washington that
enabling him to modernize his military
establishment will improve his standing
with the officer corps-an important
political force in Iraq as in so many
other Arab countries today. And finally,
as far as the regional rivalries are con-
cerned, it is significant that three of
Iraq'S pro-Western neighbors - Iran,
Turkey and Jordan-approved the Lon
don decision in advance of its annonce-
ment
There is one other consideration
that must be given weight in eyaluat-
ing General KasSem's meaning to the
West. Iraq'S oil is being developed by
Western companies, including American,
and is important to West European in
dustry. Thus far, at least, he has not
interfered with this operation despite
rumorS that he may ask revision of
the royalty agreements. Obviously, the
Western markets are important to Iraq
just as the oil is important to the
West. Reciprocal recognition of this,
and maintenance Of the status quo,
would be of genuine value to both sides.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-13

partment would not recommend a veto
Of the Fulbright plan. II enacted by Con-
gress: CD that he expects 10 recommend
a longer-term and probably larger de-
velopment program next year; 60 that
there already has been a gradual shift
in emphasis In foreign aid IN the under
developed areas in the past three years.
with military assistance declining from
so per cent to IS per cent while eco
nomic assistance rose from SO per cent
to IS per cent
On this basis. perhaps Chairman
Fulbright should direct his attention
more upon converting some OF his COLI
leagues on Capitol Hill than upon berat-
ing the administration.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-13
GoIfinq President

Upon the subject of Presi-
dent Eisenhower and golf:
If all the Presidents critics
would spend one week per-
forming the duties Of the
ofice-try living with the
worries accumulated am
sureteach and every one Of
them would retract his
criticisms. Apparently they
think that the President is
simply a figurehead who has
nothing more to do than sign
papers, make speeches and
play golf.
In my opinion, people
should investigate the facts
and then draw conclusions.
I feel that these critics have
no right to criticize any Of
the Presidents actions unless
they know the true story.
Andrew F. Pitas, jr.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-13
They Can Still Serve

The Star is to be COM
mended on its excellent edi-
torial May z entitled, They
Can Still Serve"
Approximately 81 State
governors have already adj
vised American Legion ma
tional headquarters that they
have scheduled official cere-
monies marking observance
Of Employ the Older Work
er Week" in their respective
States. In addition, our Ma
tional Economic Commission
has been advised that a great
number of Legion depart
ments are citing employers in
their States in recognition Of
their hiring of the older work.
er. especially the war veterans
Of America.
BY calling this program.
sponsored for the first time
this year by the American
Legion. to the attention of all
employers in the Metropolitan
Area. The Star has rendered
the Nation an invaluable
service indeed.
James v. Day,
National Director.
The American Legion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-13
Fitting Over Foreign Aid

BaSically, more shadow than sub
stance is involved in the current tilt
ing between Chairman Fulbright of the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee and
the administration over foreign aid.
In his recommendation that $50
billion be made available for the mutual
security program in the next fiscal year,
President Eisenhower asked that $700
million be authorized and appropriated
for nonmilitary assistance through the
Development Loan Fund. At the same
time, he did two other things. He asked
for supplemental appropriation of $225
million for the fund in the current fiscal
year, and reminded the Congress that
he already had stated his plan to ask
for a longer-term capitalization of the
fund commencing with fiscal year 1861.
Mr.. Fulbright, seeking greater and
more immediate emphasis on economic
aid to underdeveloped countries, has
proposed that the longer-term question
be dealt with at once-that the fund be
extended for five-year period with
total capitalization Of $7.5 billion, or SIS
billion yearly. In submitting his plan,
the Arkansas Democrat has added some
political seasoning by charging the adj
miniStration with timidity and absence
of leadership.
There is, of course, difference
between the Eisenhower and Fulbright
positions, but there is evidence that the
difference is not as deep as the Senator
implies and that by and large foreign
aid, both economic and military, is one
field in which the administration has
taken a consistently determined stand.
It has, in fact, been in Congress that
the strongest fight against foreign aid
has been mounted each year and the
Democratic controlled House already has
voted to slash the supplemental appro-
priation for the Development Fund to
500 million The Senate has raised it
to 5000 million-Still short of the PreSi-
dents recommendation and only after
beating back Democratic-led economy
move directed by Senator Ellender of
Louisiana. In addition, the admins
tration's spokesman on this particular
issue, newly appointed Undersecretary
of State Dillon, has testified before Mr..
Fulbright's committee: ~ That the de-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-13

@. How were soundings Of
the depth of the ocean OBJ
tanned before sonar was in
vented?J. K.
A. They we're obtained by
dropping to the bottom a
long sounding line marked
in fathoms. The first suc-
cessful sounding of ocean
depths was obtained by Sir
James Clark Ross in the
South Pacific Ocean in 1889;
using a heavy hemp line over
4 miles long, he obtained q
sounding of 2,425 fathonk
which ne described as very
little short of the elevation
of Mont Blanc" By the time
sonar was invented, the total
number of soundings that
had been obtained by the old
method from all the ocean
basins in the world was only
about $4,000, or roughly one
for every 5000 square miles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-13
On Again, off Again

Andrei Gromyko is running true to
Russian form as the foreign ministers
session at Geneva gets away to splut-
tering start.
Mr.. Khrushchev's man tossed his
first monkey wrench into the works
when he demanded that the East Ger
mans be seated at the conference table.
The western foreign ministers were
sure he was going to make this pitch.
Mr.. Gromyko was sure the West would
not agree to it. And in the end, after
what one dispatch describes as "ardu-
Gus" effort, compromise was reached.
Instead of getting place at the
conference round table, the East Ger
mans were seated at a rectangular table
a few inches from the round table.
This, we gather, preserves their status
as advisers, and does not carry the de
facto recognition as full-fiedged partic-
ipants which would go along with seats
at the round table. Similar accommo-
dations, and, one supposeS, similar sta
tus were provided for the West Germans.
Next came hassle over seating the
Czechs and the Poles at the round table,
and this, we imagine, will be compro-
missed in one way or another.
This is a performance which strikes
us as being pretty silly. What would
happen, we wonder, if Mr.. Gromyko
were to stop fooling around and get
right down to business? Or, looking at
1t another way, that might have hap
pened If the Western representatives,
faced with the demand from Mr.. Gro
inyko, had said something to this effect:
All right, we recognize that both the
East Germans and the West Germans
have an interest in this business. Let's
put all of them at the round table and
get on with our work.
Such a reaction, we suspect, would
have sent Mr.. Gromyko hotfooting it
to the nearest telephone for new in
structions from his boss. He might
even have been shocked into forgetting
about the Czechs and the Poles.
Unfortunately, international con-
ferences aren't run this way. The de-
batting points have to be scored, and
there will be more Of them before the
Geneva session is over Perhaps it
doesn't matter too much. For this con-
ference will produce results if the Rus
slams want results. And if they don't
want results, there won't be any. So
the maneuverings, while nuisance, are
not really important.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-13
Hero's Son

It seems hard to believe that almost
Is years have passed since Army Cap
tain Colin P. Kelly, jr., died on bomb
ing mission in the Pacific and became
one of our country's first heroes of the
Second World War. But that is the
way the time has flown, swiftly as usual,
and now the hero'S Son-a mere toddler
when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor--
has grown up in manner worthy of his
father.
For this young man has chosen the
hard way to win appointment to West
Point. He has done so by taking strict
competitive examination for it, although
he knew that he probably could have
avoided such test on the basis of Pres
ident RooSevelt's celebrated 1941 let
ter--a letter requesting "the President
of the United States in 1856" to give
special consideration to the naming of
Colin P. Kelly Sd to the military acad-
envy, without having to compete for the
honor, as 'token of the Nations APP
probation for the heroic services of his
father"
President Eisenhower, well aware OF
MIR. Roosevelt's request and apparently
prepared to act favorably upon it, has
taken note of all this by personally
saluting young Mr.. Kelly for having in
sisted upon getting the appointment on
his own. The story is altogether heart
warming, and even inspiring. Captain
Kelly's son, with dignity and quiet de-
termination, has brought further honor
to his famous name.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-13
Eager Toxpoyers

Many people individually
and many who claimed to
represent many more people
at the budget hearings in
Fairfax County expressed a
desire to pay more taxes.
The Board of Supervisors is
overlooking a new source of
revenue. The next time they
send out tax bills they should
include a small form for the
convenience of those wishing
to make voluntary contribu-
tons. The form should read
something like this:
"Inasmuch as many people
desire to pay more to the
county than the amount
stated on the tax bill. volun-
tary contributions will be ac-
cepted. Please state on this
form your favorite project
and the amount Of your con-
tribution. No special recog-
milton or privilege win be
granted those making contri-
buttons and the money will
be put in the General Fund.
The amount and number Of
voluntary contributions will
help us determine the sim
certify of the demands for
increased county expendi-
ture. You are not obligated
to contribute"
George A. Birdsall.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-13
Reaction From Brazil

] would like to compliment
that brilliant group Of per-
forming clowns in the United
States Senate for their scin-
tillating performance in the
Luce affair. The climax on
the last day, as in every good
play, was the best. When I
opened the morning paper
and read the final act. /
laughed so hard ! sailed UP
the coffee.
! stopped laughing. how
ever, when I went downtown
and found my Brazilian
friends laughing at the
United States Senate, too
While Mrs. Luce's trials
end troubles have their hui
morous side, they illustrate
a grave weakness in the Sem
ate procedure Of interview
ing potential ambassadors.
The Senate, Of course, has
the right to investigate each
ambassadorial prospect, but
there certainly could be more
efficiency, less delay, and the
committee sessions should be
secret.
An irresponsible statement
Senator Morse made was
picked up by nationalist pa
pers here to prove that Mrs.
Luce and the United States
took improper steps in Italy
to prevent that country from
developing its own govern
mental oil monopoly. A state
ment more damaging to Bra
lillian good opinion of the
United States could not be
made. Senator Morse left the
definite impression that the
United States did take i'm
proper steps against the es-
Enlistment Of a government
oil monopoly in Italy. This,
Of course, lends support to
the often reiterated Com
munist argument here that
the United States Govern
ment is improperly trying to
get Brazilian oil for the large
corporations.
Not only should the ses-
sions of the Foreign Rela-
tions Committee be secret,
but there should be some
kind Of a gentlemen's agree
ment not to blacken the
name of our potential am
bassadors by privileged SLAM
der by Senators acting under
the mistaken apprehension
that they are cheerleaders
at a tank town lynching.
John F. Reilly.
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-13
Salvation for Formers

The only way the farmers
can make a living under FL
senhower and Benson is to
sell their farms, come to Wall
Street and play the stock
market.
How can a man who has
lived of the Government all
his life care anything about
the farmer or the small
business man?
Gerard Mentally.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-13
Tax Victim

I was amazed and angered
to learn that an old friend
of mine. who receives $50
monthly as an ex-Civil Serv-
ice employe retired for total
disability, must pay Federal
and District income taxes on
his paltry pension. His. of
course, is not the only case
Of this kind. How hard up
our Government must be to
extract such bloody money!
John Kendall.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-13
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRAcEWELL

"FORTY-FIRST STREET.
'Dear Sir:
"This spring there was the
usual number of wildbirdS
that I take great pleasure in
feeding, but unfortunately I
permitted a robin couple to
build their nest over the
light on the kitchen porch.
Naturally they drove away
the cardinals that come to
the feeding board on either
corner of the iron fence on
the porch, so I have been
obliged to get what seeds I
could to the cardinals below
the porch.
This morning a blue shell
was on the floor indicating
that the robin eggs were
Matching. Later I saw a tiny
young bare bird--no feathers
had fallen from the nest.
He lay in the hot sun on
the porch for over an hour
but when I went to remove
him he wiggled his legs and
seemed to be alive, so I put
him on a soft cloth and
placed him in the nest. There
were two birds there.
What I want to know, if
the little one should not live,
will the mother push it out?
1t hasn't been pushed out
yet.
Also another question:
This morning the very beau
tiful large female cardinal
that came with her mate for
seeds was found dead in the
street out front, lying close to
the curb.
81 do not know how she
was killed, but am heart
broken. / prefer cardinals to
all other birds.
"There will be no more
cardinals in this section, I
fear.
MY question is, since it
is said cardinals mate for
life-and my observation I'M
til now is that they do-what
will become of the mate?
Sincerely, B. p"
4 4 4 X
Triumphs and failures
among the birds at nesting
time are many. We do not
see most of them, one way or
the other. Perhaps this is
Just as well, in the main, be-
cause nature never intended
that humans should interfere.
one way or the other. in the
life of the birds. They lead
their lives, we live ours; that
was natures plan, but We
have vitiated it in many ways.
The good we have done the
birds is small, the hurt large.
Even in helping. we some
times bring upon ourselves
many sorrows, such as those
enumerated above. This can
not be helped. if we take an
interest in other living things.
The dead cardinal in the
street is something that hap
pens commonly. because the
redbird is not traffic wise.
Perhaps more Of them are
run over by cars. than any
other birds.
Among the animals. the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-13

skunk and the opossum are
the worst sufferers in traffic.
These and many other AMI
mails seem to have no under.
standing of modern motor
speeds, and how can they?
The wonder is that any Of.
them escape.
The cardinal seems to pre-.
fer to feed in the street. Of.
ten picking up there the
many fruits and tasSels and
petals that fall from trees.
The writer here actually
witnessed the death of a male
cardinal by being run over by
a taxicab. /.
X 4 + Il
AS for the mating of the
birds, who can say? I.
Even if one species is sup.
posed to mate for life, the.
chances are, we believe, that.
life and springtime viii take.
their toll. and the bereft
male will finally take unto
himself another mate. I.
AS for the robin in the
nest, some of them push a.
dead bird out, others do not.
It probably makes little
difference, since the creature
is so small.
Mostly the robins are very
sanitary in their habits. They
dispose of refuse and excreta
quickly, sometimes by the old
provision of eating it. 1t is
encapsulated, and sometimes
one of these white capsules
may be seen beneath the
nest. Nature is not mice" in
the human sense, which is,
of course, the flnicky sense.
Birds have no sense of the
odoriferous. but are other
wise remarkably clean, con-
Sidering the lack Of facilities
they have for sanitation.
We may say that they are
clean enough for their pur-
poses.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-13

the North Sea. LIVING con-
dltions Of people In bic cities
become more and more un-
natural as q resuis OF cx-
haust fumes. dust. etc. and
thus the number OF cancer
cases win steadily Increase.
For the present. nt least.
we win have 10 be satisfied II
we can slow down cancer
growth IN order 10 prolong
the life Of the patient longer
under bearable conditions.
The chemotherapy Of cancer
still Is In its very beginning.
Observations we have COLI /.
lected 70 the present show
that not only leukemia butt
carcinomas and sarcomas
can be Influenced. The ex-
periments with animals) !.
can be related 10 treatment
Of different malignant tu-
mors in man, 1T least In
principe. and this Is decisive
for further experiments"
A hitherto unknown
mechanism that makes it
possible for animals TO live .
out Of water has been found
by Public Health Service in :
vestigators.
Its development may have
been one Of the major steps :
in evolution. It exists APP
parently in all dry land ver- >
tebrates from reptiles to men. .
It is q system Of engines :
physiological chemical sub :
stances which promote chem
ical reactions-found in liver :
microsomes. almost micro
scopically minute particles in :
liver cells. Their function is
to alter chemically foreign
compounds in food and to
inactivate many drugs.
Disposal System Needed
When animals evolved from
water to land forms. accord
ing to the report Of Drs. L.
E. Gaudette. r. p. Maickel.
w. r. Jondorf and r. B.
Brodie Of the National Heart
Institute, special mechanisms
were necessary for disposing :
Of foreign substances. The.
systems apparently were de-
veloped in the livers of an
cestral species as a way Of
eliminating useless or harm
full substances taken into the
body with food. Hundreds Of
compounds Of no nutritiVe
value are swallowed by ami
mails. Others are created by
bacteria in the intestinal
tract.
Many of these compounds
would be poisonous to the
animal If permitted to &C
cumulate, and thus must be
disposed Of" says the report.
However, the kidneys. major.
route for disposal of waste {.
material, has a limited ability
to remove fat soluble materi- :
ais from the body. Since
many foreign substances are .
fat soluble, they would leave
the animal only very slowly
unless first made less soluble
by some sort of chemi- :
cal change. Mechanisms to
rid the body of foreign
substances obviously are
necessary"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-13
Provoked by Dr.. Adler

DR.. Mortimer j. Aoler'S
article, "Great Ideas from the
Great Books" Sunday Star
Magazine, May 81, was
thought-proyoking. I am
curious to know from what
great books" he derived the
great idea" that we are
morally justified in using any
means which viii accomplish
a good end. In explanation,
DR.. Adler states, IF an ac-
ton is morally bad in itself,
it cannot really serve a good
end, even though it may on
the surface appear to do so"
This implies that an irtrin-
sically evil act cannot be-
come morally good because
Of a good end which, in fact,
it cannot serve. In other
words, any immoral act per-
formed with the intention of
achieving a good end must
fail to do so, and thus re-
main immoral.
Therefore, when DR.. Adler
says that the end justifies
the means, he actually
agrees, in essence, with the
Thomistic philosophers OPP
posite and much less confus-
ing statement that a good
end can never justify or
make good an evil method of
attaining that end.
This double-talk in philo-
sophical principles is danger
GUS. 1t could lead to the use
of an apparently immoral
means of attaining a good
end, with the hope It misht
accomplish the end and thus
be proven morally good.
The simpler statement
makes it clear that we must
consider the morality Of our
actions effectively, without
allowing the desirability of a
good end to prejudice our
reasoning.
William j. FinnOrn.
y 4 4 X
DR.. Adler's muddle- headed
''free thinking is a mental
poison presented under a
light Of dignity. For instance,
our moral and civil laws tell
us very plainly that we shall
not steal. DR.. Adler tells us
that any means is justified by
a good end. The implication,
therefore, is that we cannot
steal for a bad end, but we
can steal for a good end (aft-
er first making sure there's
no cop around, I supposed
meaning that there is no abb
solute moral standard.
Sure, I know I'm entitled
to a loaf of bread If I'm
starving. but this is a ques-
ton Of rights. not Of means
and ends.
Certainly. I'm interested in
what people about me are
thinking; however. m a or
propositions, unsupported by
logical argument. are confus-
ing, and should not be in
dorsed in your magazine.
I do not plan to continue
carrying such literature into
my home, and I regret this,
for I've been buying and en-
joying your paper in excess
Of six years.
J. J. Ferguson.
Cumberland, Md.