Evening star., 1959-12-27

NNS OAA SOs 4OOOs AfOA W.
Korean Communist troops. trained
and supplied by the Soviet Union.
acted as though they never heard
of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Without warning they invaded
South Korea in force.
Before the fighting stopped in
1858, there we're more than l00.-
900 American casualties. 1t was
the most peculiar war this Nation
ever fought. 1t was neither won
nor lost and that seemed to be
our aim. This point was drama
tized by Gen. Douglas Mac Arthur,
the United Nations commander,
who became diSenchanted with
the grand strategy set by Allied
politicians and said SO publicly.
Macarthur Ousted
President Truman, upholding
civilian control of the military,
fired his critic in April, 1851.
Called the greatest general Of
World War II by British Field
Marshal Lord Alanbrooke. Gen.
Macarthur returned home to
tremendous welcome
He offered this advice to the
Nation, in an address before a
Joint session of Congress: IN war,
there is no substitute for victory"
The sacking of Macarthur led
to a great debate" in the Senate.
There were seven weeks of hear
ings and the Nation followed
p every word. The inquiry went
far beyond the circumstances of
the dismissal and the military
situation in the Far East.
The Korean War helped, in
part, to break the 20-year Demo-
cratic stranglehold on the White
House. With the election Of
Franklin Roosevelt in 1882. the
Democrats defeated the Repub-
licans for the presidency five
times in a row. The G. o. P.
was in dire straits. There was
genuine concern over the future
Of the two-party system.
Then another war hero came
to the Republicans rescue. Gen.
Dwight D. Eisenhower, who led
the Allies to victory over the
Nazis in the West, agreed to run
for the G. o. P. in 1852. The
battlecry was Korea, communs SIN
and corruption" He won over
Whelmingly and repeated in 1856.
On the home front, there was
more than concern over Korea and
international communism. A
United States Senator. capitalizng
on the fear and anger of the Amer
lcan people over disclosures Of
treason and Red infiltration of the
Government took a speakers plat
form at Wheeling, w. Va, in Feb
ruary, 1850 and declared Il have
here in my hand" the names of
more than 200 Communists in the
State Department.
Joe Mccarthy was off on his
campaign against domestic Reds
q and persons he called Reds At
first, he had rather broad public
support. For four years he rode
high, wide and roughshod.
Mccarthy Army Hearings
The Senator's scatter S h o t
charges, fierce treatment of wit
neSSeS and Smearing of innocent
men became more and more ap-
parent. But it was a stab at the
Army that hastened his downfall.
He accused the Army of ccddling
Communists. The amazing Army
Mccarthy hearings before SEN
ate committee followed The shout
ing, gavel-banging sessions domi-
mated the Nations televiSlo
screens for many weeks and the
public got a good look at Mr. Nc
Carthy in action.
Not long afterwards, on Deem
ber 2, 1854, the Senate voted, 81 to
%, to censure him. He had sound
ed the alert against domestic Com
munists, but the public decided the
end did not justify the means.
Even before the Mccarthy
eclipse, another controversy, one
which may 60 on for decades to
come, hit the American scene.
In a unanimous decision, the
Supreme Court on May II, 1854,
ruled that the separate but
equal" doctrine for public schools
no longer was legal.
The South was stunned, but
far from silent. Southern critics
charged that the justices had
ignored the law and based their
opinion on sociological and psy-
Geological reasons. There came
massive resistance" and a flood
of State laws. all aimed at slow
ing or averting integration.
A crisis came in September,
1857. when Gov. Orval E. FaubuS
of Arkansas called out the Ma
tlonal Guard to bar Negro pupils
from entering Little Rocks Cen
tral High School. AS the Contro-
versy mounted, the Governor flew
north for a conference with Mr.
Eisenhower. But this solved moth
ing.
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