davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-09
ChiIdren's e. Tests
Measure Use of Ideas

BY North American Newspaper Alliance
NEW YORK, Aug. 8.-Many
tests have been developed to
measure the Intelligence Quo
tent Il. O. of children.
The objectionable intel
| ligence tests, prepared by
Prof. Irving Lorge and Robert
L. Thorndike of Teachers Col
Ilege, Columbia University, are
| frequently used in elementary
and high schools. The tests are
published by Houghton Miffiin
Co.
The tests attempt to measure
abstract intelligence" which
the authors define as "the
ability to work with ideas and
the relationships among ideas. p"
Below are samples of this test,
geared to children from the
middle elementary grades
through high school. The
average" child can get the
right answer.
Sentence completion: One
word has been left out Of each
sentence. Choose the word that
will make the best, the truest
and the most sensible complete
sentence.
/. There's no book so =. but
something good may be found
in it. (a) good -. (b) true >.
(c) beautiful I'd bad .
(e) excellent.
2. Men are more apt to be
mistaken in their generaliza-
lions than in their particular
(a) reactions (b) OBJ
Servations Co intuitions
:. Cd differences :. (e) pre-
sumptions.
3. Convictions are even more
dangerous to truth than are
(a) reasons (b) arguments
:. Co discussions :. I'D de-
bates (e) lies.
! Verbal analOgies: The first
two words go together in a GER
tain way. Find the word at the
right that goes with the third
word in the same way that the
second goes with the first:
/ 4. Ruler - length: scale -
(a) drawing :. (b) weight :. =.
| Co map :. I'D pound -. (e)
number.
( 5. Will is to codicil as consti-
tuition is to (a) clause CD
preamble (c) decision q,
Cd amendment . (e) right.
6. Scepticism is to disbelief
as credibility is to ca Supersti-
ton E. (b) confidence =. Co
gullibility :. Id legality ". .
(e) mysticism.
Word knowledge: Choose the
word which has the same mean
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-09
COLLEGE NEWS
COLLEGE NEWS
CIV Scholarships Go to Is in Area;
TwoHere Aidedby U. of Rochester

George Washington Univer-
sity's School Of Engineering has
awarded scholarships To l6 area
residents. Full-tuition compet-
tive scholarships went to the
following four men:
Lee Kaminetsky Of 8108 East
ern avenue NE. a graduate Of
Calvin Coolidge High School;
Francis M. KIlsch Of 1925 Fort
Hunt road. Alexandria. Con-
zaga High School; Thomas F.
Pollock Of 2S44 North Roches-
TER street. Arlington, Wakefield
High School, and Donald A.
Miller of Middletown, Md. Mid
dletown High School.
Other engineering scholar
ship awards include:
Henry T. Hill, 1000 F street
NV, Howard Harding Carter
scholarship.
Ronald GrOssman, 1924 Sligo
Mill road NE, Eugene and
Agnes E. Meyer scholarship.
Paul A. Oscar, 5232 Forty
fourth street NV, Henry Par
sons Erwin scholarship.
Stephen A. THAI, 87l3 Sum-
dale drive, Silver Spring; Ken
meth w. Yee, 4817 Thirty-sixth
street NV; Henry G. Mayo,
1910 South Monroe street, Ar
lington, and Richard L. Potter
ton, 316 North Kenmore street,
Arlington, Emma K. Carr schol-
arShipS.
Walter G. Santilli, 419 North
Kenmore street, Arlington,
Maria M. Carter scholarship.
Renewal scholarships went
to Donald L. Eddins, Laurel,
Md; Lawrence M. DenisOn, jr.,
1900 S street Sc, william Pc
razich, 5542 Chillum place NE,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-09

facilities in Arlington and move
them to the new site. BY 1863,
we hope to have a junior COL
lege in operation there"
A gymnasium auditorium
building, as an adjunct to the
high school, is scheduled for
completion next year.
The pre-school and elemen-
tary grades will continue at the
Alexandria branch at 500 West
Windsor avenue. 81
The Arlington operation,
which was extended through
the ninth grade level last year,
occupies several buildings on
two blocks bounded by Oak,
Nash, Twelfth and Fourteenth
streets.
Last years enrolment at
the Arlington branch was over
500, while that at Alexandria
was 100.
The new high school will
have a capacity of 300 stu
dents. More than ITO already
have been enrolled and en-
trance examinations will con-
tinue through the first week
in September.
State Funds Available
Because the school has no
church connections, parents
are entitled to collect $3.50 in
State scholarship funds to help
defray the cost of tuition at
Congressional. The tuition fees
are $500 a year for junior high
grades and $625 for senior high.
An additional SITS is charged
those requiring school bus
transportation.
State scholarships were made
available by the General AS
sembly for the private. educa-
ton of children whose parents
object to their attending pub
lie schools. While race is not
mentioned as a factor, the pro-
gram is a part of Virginia's
anti-integration plan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-09

ing, or most nearly the same
meaning, as the word at the
beginning of the line:
Z. javelin ;. (a) bleach ).
(b) coffee Co jacket
Id rife E. (e) spear.
8. illusory (a) conjuring
>. (b) colorful =. Co emmi-
nent Id fallaciouS ..
(e) enlightened
8. durance (a) MEM
brane (b) imprisonment
Co discrimination Cd
lunacy (e) wheat
Verbal classification: Think
in what way the words in the
first line go together. Then
find the word on the line below
that belongs with them:
10. cotton wool
silk (a) dress (b) sew
:. (c) fibre -. Id linen :.
(e) cloth =.
II. Fitness. aptness, relev-
ance, propriety.
ca adaptation (b) con-
currence =. Co accord J.. Id
pertinence (c) consist
ency
Arithmetic reasoning: Choose
the right answer to the prob
lem:
/ IL. Three men rented a pas
ture for $108. A put in two
horses, B put in three horses
and c put in four horses. How
much ought B pay for his
share? (a) $12 (b) $24
Co $48 Id 500 (e)
none of these
Is. If there are $4,000 miles
around the circumference OF
the earth in the temperate
zone, how many miles are there
to each degree of the earth's
circumference there? "a 1000
miles . (b) Is miles . . (c)
100 miles Cd 662s miles
:. (e) none of these =.
IA. The monthly flour re-
quirements for a lumber camp
of 40 men is 1000 pounds
What is the average flour re-
quirement in pounds per man
per day, counting 80 days to
the month? (a) 11s pounds
=. (b) rs pounds (c) Ia
pounds I'D "a pound .
(e) none of these
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-09
School Costs,
Needs Rising,
Study Shows
BY ANDREW w. BINGHAM
star stan Writer


star star Writer
The National Education AS
ISOLATION came up with some
convincing proof yesterday Of
the massive task facing this
country's schools in providing
more education for more peo-
pie.
In a 32-page statistical study,
the NEA compiled figures show
ing that public schools today
are:
/. Educating 40 million
youngsters, compared to II
million in 1900.
2. Graduating is million
seniors yearly, compared to
$4,000 at the turn Of the GEN.
tury.
3. Employing 1.3 million
teachers compared to 423,000
in 1900.
4.Providing l78 school days
a year, compared to LA in 1900
with average yearly atten-
dance up from 80 to 159 days.
S. Spending $14 billion a year,
compared to $2l5 million in
1900.
Now Major Enterprise
AS Sam M. Lambert, director
of MEAS research division,
noted in the forward to the
study:
Education in the United
States has become a major
enterprise. The accelerated
growth of the Nations econ
omy during the twentieth CEN
tury has been exceeded by the
expansion Tin expenditure) OF
the total educational system. u
The tremendous increase in
school operations is reflected
in the steadily rising educa-
tional attainment Of the adult
population, the study reported
In 1940-the first year for
which such statistics are avail
able-only half of the adult
population had gone beyond
the eighth grade. Today, the
median attainment is the 10th
grade; and by 1880, it is ex-
pected that half the popula-
ton will have completed high
school.
A higher percentage OF
youngsters between 5 and II
years are going to school now
than in 1900, the study also
indicated. Over So per cent OF
them are getting a formal edu-
cation now; so years ago only
70 per cent were.
Schools on Decline
In the old days, moreover
very few Of the children Of
high school age-only ia pei
cent-were actually in high
school. Today 80 per cent OF
them are.
Despite the enrolment in
crease. the actual number Of
schools has declined since 1900
largely through the steady
elimination Of the one-teachel
units. There are 10000 schools
now, compared to $4,000 al
the turn of the century, the
study said.
The study showed that ex-
penses for public education
have increased from IL pei
cent of the gross national prod
uct in 1900 to 3 per cent last
year.
But it also indicated that
schools are finding it increas-
ingly difficult to pay for theil
expanded operations.
LAS would be expected from
the growing State and locaI
government debt" the study
said, public school expendi.
lures have outStripped revenues
in every year since 1913"
1t reported that per pupil
expenditure has increased from
$11.58 in 1900 to $309.13 today
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-09
BY BENJAMIN FINE
North American Newspaper Alliance

NEW YORK. Aug.-You raise your childs 10
the belief Of leading psychologists and educators
who have studied the question Of intelligence extensively
For years parents told that 10 dntegence
quotient static thing child born either bright or
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-09

The author, o Pulitzer Prize winner, IS
educotion editor OF the North
American Newspaper Alliance and
deon Of the Groduote School Of
Education, YeshNo University.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-09
Answers:

/. Cd bad; 2. (b) observa-
tons; 8. (e) lies; 4. (b) weight;
5. Id amendment; 6. (b) con-
fident; 7. (e) spear; 8. I'd
fallacious; 9. (b) impri SON.
ment 10. Cd linen; IL. (d)
pertinence; IL. (e) none of
these; 10. Cd 662s miles; IA.
(e) none of these.
Evening star., 1959-11-25
TeIevision's Adolescence

There are people in the televiSion
industry, so goes the rumor, who feel
that the press exploited the quiz show
scandals as an opportunity to discredit
a competing medium of advertising. So,
as method of retaliation, some plan is
reported under consideration within the
televiSion industry to discredit the press
by seeking out and exposing it's sins.
If such rumorS were true, it would
be another indication that televiSion is
still in its infancy. TeleviSion, to be
sure, should expose any practices of the
press that warrant the sort of public
cenSure which followed the exposure of
fraud in the quiz shows The picture of
the press riding herd on televiSion, and
televlSion, in turn, riding herd on the
press, is not without it's attractive pos
Sibilities. But if the motive is one of
mutual diSparagement for selfish gain
the whole idea becomes rather ridicu-
louS and, we are sure, is lacking in sub
stance and unsupported by responsible
people in televiSion.
AS matter of fact, many of televi-
Sion'S current difficulties are the result
OF lneXper1ence, the absence of adequate
Capitalization of controls and an un-
developed sense of public responsibility.
Such defects in the amazingly rapid
development of a marvellous new means
of communication are not surprising.
They were evident, in other forms, in
the early days of the movie industry.
They were found not so long ago within
press that was further away from
maturity than it is now. They will be
overcome with age and a greater reali-
zation, by those who control television.
of its splendid opportunities for con-
Structive public service.
TeleviSionS running feud with Mel
son Rockefeller, because Mr.. Rockefeller
insists on separating his press and tele-
vision news conferences; the attitude
OF some of its practitioners that the
press is seeking to discredit television
for selfish reasons, and the latest child
1sh talk of mass repriSal-allNhese too,
are signs of adolescence, which in time
will be outgrown
Evening star., 1959-11-25
Billboard Heorino

The Stars November 6
story on the hearing on bill
board legislation in Rich
mond was remarkable for its
failure to present a balanced
reportorial picture of what
occurred. Completely ignored
was the presentation of the
Hon. Richard Broaddus, who
was acting as the official
spokesman of the garden
clubs and other women's
groups. Also ignored were the
arguments of various busi-
neSSmen and Harrison Mann,
the drafter of the measure
which has the wholehearted
support of those who wish to
keep our new interstate
highways free of billboards.
The primary arguments of
the billboard lobbyists we're
reported, however.
I suggest that The Star
can do a better job for its
readers.
Katherine L. BIOOmeT
Editors Note: While the
story did not identify or
quote all of the "a witnesses
at the 3-hour hearing, it
gave what The Star consid-
cred a fair summarization of
testimony by billboard oppo-
nents, as well as that of ad-
VocateS.)
Evening star., 1959-11-25

Life is full of diSappoint-
ments. Just a few days ago
and at long last-we
thought we would finally see
the lion and the lamb lie
down together.
At the time, press reports
indicated that the Mulish
Musician of Missouri and the
Gallivanting Golfer of Get
tysburg might team up in an
international mon and
Pythias act. Apparently it
was to be a non-political
show with Shakespearean
overtones; there were to be at
least two soliloquies and
maybe a balcony scene. And
as I understand it, the entire
production was to be staged
in living color and language.
Now we are told that it just
amt so.
1 don't know what our
friends across the sea will
think. but this is one show
that I wanted to see. Oh!
frankie and Johnnie were
loverS-dum dunn de dunn.
Angus Sinclair.
Evening star., 1959-11-25
The Black Jelly Bean
AS far as low

AS far as lovers Of sweets are con-
cerned, two sinister stories have just
cropped up in the news. One tells of a
Swedish dentist who has implored his
government, for the sake of his country
mems teeth, to ban all imports of candy.
And the other tells of how the black
jelly bean is being looked at most sternly
and most SuSpiciouSly by our Federal
Food and Drug Administration.
In a way, it seems ridiculous to
make candy as whole kind of outlaw
in the world. So let us narrow the queS-
ton down to the black jelly bean. Why
is it in trouble at the moment? Well,
1t derives its color from a carbon SUB
stance which the FDA, with furrowed
brow, is wondering about. What needs
Evening star., 1959-11-25
Is War Necessoy?

The Star of November 4
has a blood-chilling article
by Thomas r. Henry on the
subject of Biological Warfare
written in an oddly detached
way. After stating that BW
seems not only dreadful but
dreadfully unSportsmanlike,"
Mr.. Henry goes on to say
that there are not many
rules of craftsmanship" in
war and. after describing the
ways in which BW may be
used. ends up quoting an ex-
traordinarily SpeciouS argu-
ment by Gen. Greasy, retired
chief Of the Chemical Corps.
Gen. Greasy, in dismissing
"unrealistic forms of senti-
mentalism," is quoted as
saying: Down through the
ages almost every new weap-
on has had a horror tag
applied to it, before man
has placed that particular
weapon on his So-called ac-
ceptable list" The fact that
this statement is true does
not mean that it is Sentimen-
tai to attach a horror" tag
to a weapon-it means only
that man has slowly but sure
ly become desensitized in the
mad business of preparing
for war. Greek fire was hor-
rible; so were boiling pitch,
gunpowder, shrapnel, poison
gas, napalm bombs, and nu-
clear weapons. But what is
truly horrible is that today
our policy-makers are pro-
ceeding on the assumption
that there are national in
tereStS which might best be
served by wiping out entire
populations, even our own.
1t is assumed today that
we, in our own defense
against Russia, for example,
would be justified in making
the world uninhabitable not
only for the Russians and
ourselves, but even for all
mankind. 1t is assumed that
our society-our Western cul-
ture Of which we are so proud
need apply no moral stand
ards to its own conduct in
war.
We need today a frank,
open discussion of the ac-
ceptability of war itself, not
only of the most horrible
weapons. 1t is clear that if
another war comes it will be
a war fought without honor,
decency or hope. Do we think
such a war could ever be the
lesser evil? Have we really
decided democratically to re-
sort to such final resources?
Or are these decisions made
simply by the lunatic realists
of the Pentagon?
Warren w. Morse,
President, w shington
Committee for a Sane Nu-
clear Policy.
Evening star., 1959-11-25

to be determined is whether this sub
stance is or may be injurious to the
health of human beings (rats. appar-
emily are less involved in the matter
than they have been in the great cram
berry criSiS).
Speaking for ourselves, we applaud
the FDA for investigating the possible
dangers inherent in food additiveS.
Among all jelly beans, however, the
black one is unqueStionably the top
favorite of vast numbers of Americans.
Accordingly, we can only hope that it
will pass its present trial with flying
colors. Our way of life would seem the
poorer without it.
Evening star., 1959-11-25
Beware the Cliff

The ugly word feather
bedding" is much in the news
of the day. Railroad tycoons
and labor giants are squaring
OF for a massive struggle
over the issue. The pressure
for better pay and benefits
is on, but labor is on the
defensive. 1t is called upon to
show cause why work rules
designed many years ago
should not be revised to fit
modern tools of tranSporta-
ton. The following reasons
are advanced for retaining
rules status quo:
l Sweat was expended to
wiring concessions from man
agement years ago.
2. Any relaxation is an ad-
mission of weakness.
3 Railroads can we'll afford
additional concessions.
1t appears to us that review
of obsolete work rules is not
an admission of weakness,
but recognition by manage
ment that labor has reached
maturity. 1t has outgrown the
booties knitted for the infant
OF 1919 and is ready to dis
card them for the work shoes
of a responsible adult.
The sweat expended was
not in vain. 1t started a Jug
gernaut moving relentlesSly
in the direction of better pay
and more favorable condi-
tions. Its progress resembles
the periodic migrations of
Jennings. which proceed in a
fixed direction over cliffs into
the ocean. Those who survive
the plunge swim on to ex-
haustion and extinction.
Can the labor juggernaut
be steered away from the cliff
OF railroad destruction? Can
responsible leadership from
within control it, or must
government again stsp in?
Railway labor still has the
golden opportunity to profit
by the example of predatory
Evening star., 1959-11-25
Couqht in the Middle

IL may De True, TO quote JuSJlce
Douglas, that 1T is better, as the Fourth
Amendment teaches, that the guilty
sometimes go free than that citizens be
subject to easy arrest"
The extent of easy arrests is per-
haps indicated by FBI statistics, quoted
in footnote in Justice Douglas opinion,
reporting that in 1856 some ILL., ,274 citi-
zenS in 1,025 cities (2804 per 100,0O0)
were arrested on suspicion, but not in
connection with any specific offenSe,
and subsequently were released without
prosecution. Easy arrests are those un-
supported by probable cause. Probable
cause exists if the facts and circum-
stances known to the officer warrant a
prudent man in believing the offense
has been committed"
Yet it is unfortunate that a better
case to illustrate the absence of prob
able cause could not have been available
as text for Justice Douglas sermon on
the Fourth Amendment. AS Justice
Douglas recounts the circumstances in
his opinion, it is easy to understand why
even a prudent man would have had
very good reason to believe he was in
the possession of probable cause to ar
rest man later convicted of possessing
three cartons of stolen radios. The FBI
agents who made the investigation and
the arrest thought so. The judge who
presided at the trial which convicted
the defendant thought so. A majority
OF the Court of Appeals which reviewed
the case thought so. Chief Justice War
rem joined Justice Clark in thinking so,
although Justice Douglas and six Of his
brethren did not think so.
When reasonable men and learned
judges, examining the same set of facts,
disagree as to where the line should be
drawn between legal and illegal arrest,
and the use of resulting evidence, that
line becomes so thin that one must
wonder whether the intent of the Fourth
Amendment has been more obScured
than clarified. AS Justice Clark OBJ
served in his dissent, 1--WE should not
place additional burdens on law en-
forcement agencies" Caught between
their own battle against increasing
crime and the battle between the judges,
the law enforcement agencies are rather
heavily burdened as it is.
Evening star., 1959-11-25
Relief Problems

The recent report from the
Director of Welfare, Gerard
M. Shea, should be read by
all citizens. not only by those
OF the District, as our prob
lens of relief and, so called,
charity, are Nation wide.
The narrow, restrictive and
temporary categories of re-
lief now being universally
practiced are not cures for
the generally deplorable con-
ditionS prevailing. They are
only emergency measures.
Our fire departments are not
cures for the causes of fires;
our citizens must eliminate
the fire hazards.
The Shea report is a chal-
lenge to all our political,
business and religious leaders
throughout the country to do
something constructive and
see that families and chill
dren get the kind of help
they need"
Charles L. Dickson.
Evening star., 1959-11-25
Passed Acid Test

E. E. Edgar's Famous
Fables" feature in The Star
for November l9 quotes from
one DR.. Roger 1. Lee the
story of how DR.. N. M. Pusey.
now president of Harvard,
was OK.'d for that exalted
office, after his predecessor
retired, by Harvard's board Of
overseers. A board member
wondered about DR.. PuSey's
human side; specifically:
Does any one know if this
man PuSey ever takes a
drink"
Thereupon the board ar
ranged a trial by ordeal;
Pusey attended a social
gathering, and there was
asked whether he'd like a
drink. Fortunately Il sup
poSe) for all concerned, Pusey
passed the trial triumphantly
by saying Bourbon on the
rocks"
There are those who might
object that a tolerance, a
liking, or even an ardent
desire for alcoholic drink
especially the hard" type
like bourbon) may not quail
ify a candidates human
side" as being appropriate for
the presidency of a great
university. What intrigues
me, though, is what might
have happened if Pusey had
f1ubbed his cue and said
something barbarous like
Thanks, I'll have some gin
ger ale," or perhaps some
thing completely outrageous
like mo, thanks, don't drink
hard liquor" The poor man
would today still be among
the small fry-merely preSi-
dent of Lawrence College in
Appleton. Wisconsin (assum-
ing he could even keep tnat
Job)-and some one else,
more deserving and more of
a topper, would today be presi-
dent of Harvard.
Stanley MetalitZ.