davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1959-05-01

The Full of Pepperettes took
advantage of the warm days. met
at the home of Mrs. Dorothy Car
son, the adviser, liked to Fair
Park and had a picnic. They PR
ticipated in all forms of .amuse-
ments and visited the Zoo. They
hiked back to Mrs. Carsons for
their respective homes. Almeta
Lanum, president, Carolyn Finn
secretary; Dorothy Williams, re-
porter.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1959-05-01

The Buds Of Promise club met
on Thursday in the social room
at Booker Homes After the bust
ness meeting the members played
ping pong. The smiling faces in
Dictated the happiness of having
Celestine Montague, their candi-
date for Miss Y-Teen. Ada Shine
is president; Cassie Books, secre-
tary; Mrs Lillian Springer, advis-
er.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1959-05-01

The jolly VS. played soft ball
on the "Y' lawn and enjoyed the
warm days. Warren Jean Jack
son, president, Alice Flakes, sec
rotary, Mrs. Oyama Hampton jr,,
adviser.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1959-05-01

The Sunhghters club met on
Thursday in the social room at
Hollingsworth Court. Mrs Leah
G.. Peake will give demonstra-
ton in handicraft at the next
meeting A short program was
held after the business meeting.
Josephine Jones, president, Bea-
trice Madden, secretary.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1959-05-01

The Molliettes club met on Fri
day at Hollinsworth Court. Plans
were made for a wiener roast and
a banquet for the mothers. Caro-
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1959-05-01

The Jones Teen-Timers, Mrs. I
K. Smith, adviser, sold the larg
est number of potato chips. This
club has the distinction of vim
ing the Plaque for two years ir
succession. We extend congratula
tons to the Teen Timers"
A report for the Neighborhood
meeting at Camp Aldersgate was
made to the NCNW on Sunday by
Carmelita Caruth chaplain of the
Y-Ettes club.
The Interclub Council will meet
On Saturday, May at D. m. at
the ~. All clubs are asked to
send representatives.
Chaperons and members of the
Mems Auxiliary for last week
were Mrs. Tarlece Barker, Mrs.
Andrew Jeffries, Oyama Hampton,
jr. ana James L. Wise. Thank you
for such loyal cooperation.
Mrs. lola T Mcdonald, Y-TEEN
Director
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1959-05-01

M6oYA At LlBERlAN RECEPTloN-Tom Mboya second
from right member of Kenyas Legislative Council and pres
dent of the kenya Labor Unon shown Lber1an
bassy reception given in his honor April 18 David NJ Tho
left charge daffores of the Embassy Next to
Mr. Thomas Mrs George Padmore wife of the Lberian
Ambassador to the United States is Ambassador
Daniel A. Chapman of the Embassy of Ghana.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1959-05-01

Ign Burks and 10 Ann Sharpe
were co-hostesses. Ivory Dansby,
president. Betty Pearson, secre-
tary.
Evening star., 1959-12-28
November

From lesiondie Co-ops
comes q Speeiol import Of
lamb al remarkable val
Ues. A cooking, toste-test
is held for the leelondie
Ambassador and the Press
OF the Piney Branch Hos
pitolity Room.
Evening star., 1959-12-28
October

The tremendous new Coop
worehoUse stoTts opero-
tion in Beltsville; will
handle the coming ropid
exponsion Of the Coop
stores. New business Of
fiees odioin.
Evening star., 1959-12-28
December

Again Coop goes round
the world 10 offer the
best VulUes, with another
shiplood Of the delicious.
vnvsUollY lean lomb from
lcelondie co-ops OF some
OF the lowest prices seen
in ysou.
Evening star., 1959-12-28
September

A huge, new Coop Super
Store opens in nsorbY
Westminster, Nd, oIong
with q complete oUto
service center, TO offer
one-stop shopping for
every need.
Evening star., 1959-12-28
November

Coop president, Robert 7.
Bonhum tleft), O.K.'s the
leass for q new Coop
Super Store TO open eorly
in 1850 o' the new Pen
Nor Shopping Center in
Marlboro, Nd.
Evening star., 1959-12-28
June

The weekly "Homsmokers'
Open House" al the Pinsy
Bronch Coop Voeotions for
the summer otter its most
successful season Of home
maker dsmonstrotionS and
tolks.
Evening star., 1959-12-28

Co-op's own bokeTY opens
in the Wheaton Coop store
offering q complete selse-
tion Of reolIy fresh-boked
breads. pies and poSfry
specioliieS.
Evening star., 1959-12-28

New Ultro-modsFn Coop
Ph1rmoey opens in Tokoma
Park adjoining CHA Lobor-
Management Health Gen.
ter, New Hampshire Ave.
Of Eost-WSst Hwy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12
How the System
|WiIl Be Paid For

The estimated cost Of the
recommended transportation
system is approximately $2.5
billion. This figure includes
about $1.8 billion for highways
1854 million for express transit
facilities, and $119 million for
parking facilities in the down.
town area. Approximately three
fourths of the total amount
should be spent within the next
10 years.
A portion Of the recommend
ed freeways will be financed by
the Federal Government, Mary
land, Virginia and the District
of Columbia under their con-
tinuing highway construction
programs. About $500 million
worth of the new highway sys-
TEN will not be covered by these
programs under the presently
planned arrangements for high
way financing. This amount
should come from a new source,
because the highway agencies
already face serious financial
difficulties in meeting the pres
ent construction schedule. The
full $500 million should be
raised within a few years, since
a large part Of the recommend
ed new highways are needed
within a few years. If this ex-
penditure were initially financed
by a single 30-year bond issue
at 4 per cent interest, annual
payments of interest and prin-
cipal would be about $26.7
million.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12
MOST OF SYSTEMS COST
WOULD BE SPENT IN D. &.

More than half the cost of the $24 billion trans
portation facilities would have to be spent within the
DiStrict-where the least number of benefits would
accrue.
On the express transit SYSTEM for example, District
residents would constitute only AZ per cent of the
riders. But 80 per cent of the system cost would be
in the District Furthermore, SO per cent of the in
crease in full value of real estate expected in the
Metro Area by 1880 will occur in the suburbs and 80
per cent of the projected increase in personal incomes
will accrue to Maryland and Virginia residents the
report noted.
Following is how the costs break down by juris-
diction:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12

sources can reasonably be ex-
pected to pay the whole added
cost Of the recommended sys-
tenn. ~
Strong arguments can be
made for loans and contribu-
tons by the Federal Govern
ment toward the cost of trans
portation facilities in the Ma
tional CAPITAL Region because
Of the special Federal interest
in the sound development OF
the region, and the special
burdens that are placed on the
region by the presence Of non
taxpaying Federal installations.
The Federal Government
should, in particular, make
initial contributions toward the
planning and design of the rec
commended rail system. 1t
should also be prepared to pro-
vide funds for the early stages
Of the rail transit construction,
If an interstate agency capa-
BILE of raising funds within the
region is not established In
time.
Also, in view Of the inability
Of State and local agencies to
finance in total the highways
required under the recon-
mended plan, the Federal Gov
eminent should study and take
action on additional highway
financing which will provide
the necessary funds.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12

express transit service, capable
Of attracting a large number
Of riders who would otherwise
travel by private automobile
from the suburbs to points in
or near downtown Washington
during the rush hours. Only if
many of these people are in
duced to use public transit can
the highway system within the
10 mile square accommodate
the people who are not in a
position to travel by transit.
Under the auto dominant
plan, the number of automobile
trips terminating in the central
sector would be one-third
greater than in 1855 if the
highways needed to move this
many automobiles could &C.
tually be provided; while ex-
press transit service will reduce
the number of such trips to a
figure slightly below today's.
Even after express transit
has made its full contribution,
however. the volumes of auto
motive traffic expected within
a few years on many routes are
far greater than the capacities
of the existing and previously
planned highways. The region
therefore faces the need for an
expanded highway construc-
ton program as well as a new
form of express transit service.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12

FOLLOWING is the teri Of the summary Of the Mass
Transportation Surrey report approved BY the National
Capital Planning Commission and the National Regional
Planning Council and submitted to the President:
~
~ l. A network of freewayS on which people can
travel quickly between any two parts of the region
even at the hours when traffic is heaviest
sr 2. A new kind of fast, comfortable public tran
sit service between the suburbs and downtown Wash
ington This transit service will take two forms:
(a) Modern express buses on eight of the routes
that lead to downtown travelling freeways at high
they reach the downtown street system.
|, (b) Modern rail transit service on four heavily
Travelled routes. The rail lines will be located in sub
ways in the inner of the District of Columbia
and elsewhere will be in the medan strips of reewayS
or on their own rights-of-way
"a 3. Arterial streets and highways extensively i'm
proved to carry automotve traffic not served by the
freeways.
FL: A. Expanded and improved local transit service
on artera and local Streets to carry passengers not
served by the new bus and rail routes
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12
Federal Corporation

More than a regulatory body
will be needed to provide the
region with the transportation
system that it requires. Prompt
action is needed to secure
rights-of-way for highway and
transit routes, to begin planning
the rail transit system, and to
accelerate the highway con-
struction work. To begin work
in these directions, the Con-
greSS should at once establish
a temporary public corporation.
This corporation should be en-
powered:
(a) To acquire rights -of-way
for transit facilities and con-
struct them Subject to ap-
proval by Maryland and Vir-
ginia of projects in those
States.
tb) 10 operate transit faclll-
ties or to provide for their OPP
Grafton by private firms.
(c) To finance its operations
from transit revenues and from
Federal contributions.
ID To review highway plans
as they may affect transit facili-
ties and to consult with high
way agencies upon these plans.
(e) To assist highway agen-
cies in overcoming any deficit
in funds.
The interstate regulatory
agency should serve as a liaison
agency between the corpora
ton and the several jurisdic-
tons.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12

of-way should be reserved or
acquired for the new freeways
and the pace Of highway con-
struction programs should be
accelerated to complete many
Of the already planned free
ways well ahead Of the present
schedule and to make some Of
the newly proposed freeways
available as well. The quick
completion Of many miles Of
new freeways is needed to pro-
vide roadways for express buses.
as well as to accommodate
rapidly increasing numbers Of
private automobiles and trucks.
Second, express bus service
should be introduced on the
new radial freeways as they
are completed, beginning in the
early 1905. The accelerated
highway construction program
should continue during these
years and a beginning should
be made on the construction of
subways for the rail transit
system before 1865.
Third, rail transit service
should be inaugurated no later
than 1870.
Copoeity for the Future
The radial freeways should
be designed to permit expan-
sion to meet the needs Of a
population even larger than the
8 million predicted for 1880.
Failure to promptly preserve
capacity for the future will
greatly increase the cost of the
transportation facilities that
will be needed sometime after
the region passes the 3 million
mark.
Flexibility for expansion can
be achieved by building free
ways with wide center malls,
which can be Handicapped in
early years, and later paved to
provide additional lanes. These
center lanes might serve as
one-way roadways with direc-
tons reversed in the morning
and evening rush hours, to be
used by both autos and buses,
or these lanes might be reserved
for buses moving in both direc-
tons. If transit traffic grows
still heavier, the paved lanes
could be replaced by a double
track rail-line or a new form
of rapid transportation. not yet
foreseen. in place Of convention
al rail equipment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12
The Recommended
transportation System

The recommended system in
cludeS a network of freeways
and parkways, express bus
service, rail transit service,
local transit, and improve
ments to existing streets and
highways.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12
Alternative Approaches

It was decided at the outset
that a realistic study of the
regions transportation problem
would have to explore the abil-
ity of both public transit ia
cilities and private automobiles
to serve future needs. Three
hypothetical systems were con-
sidered, each consisting of a
particular form of public transit
service plus whatever highways
and streets would be needed to
carry the people who would not
travel by public transit under
that plan, as well as the truck
traffic.
The transit components OF
the three hypothetical systems
we're:
l. Auto dominant system.
Public transit service would be
much like today'S, consisting OF
transit vehicles sharing the
streets and highways with other
traffic, and travelling at the
same schedule speeds as today.
2. Express bus system. Fast
moving express buses would
carry large numbers of people
along the radial freeways lead
ing to the downtown area. The
present kind of public transit
would provide feeder service
for the express bus lines and
serve the other non-automobile
trips.
3. Rail transit system .
Trains, probably operating on
rails, would serve the traffic
along the radial routes. The
present form of local transit
would provide feeder service for
the rail lines and carry other
Inonautomobile trips.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12
The Organization
To Create the System

While the Federal. State and
local governments can indie
pendently carry out many Of
the steps leading to the crea-
ton Of the recommended
transportation system, new
forms of governmental organi-
cation are needed to complete
the job, since the existing gov
ernments do not have all Of
the powers and financial re-
sources that are needed to do
the whole job. The develop
ment Of the necessary organi-
zation will require the estab-
lishment Of three new regional
agencies, two Of them to be
established at once and later
to be replaced by a third, ulti-
mate form Of organization.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12

An evaluation Of the auto
dominant system showed that
it would be infeasible, in the
absence of improved public
transit, to provide the number
of freeway lanes that would be
needed to carry all of the auto
mobiles moving along routes
inside or near the 10-mile
square.
Under the second alternative.
the introduction of express bus
service on radial freewayS was
found to reduce the number Of
lanes needed on many free
ways. by attracting many rid
ers who would otherwise travel
into or near downtown in the
rush hours in private auto
mobiles. More highways than
have so far been planned would
be needed, however, to accom-
modate the still great numbers
lof private automobiles as well
as trucks and the new express
buses.
The inauguration of express
bus service would not meet all
of the regions transit needs,
since even fast-moving express
buses would not be able to car
ry all the people desiring to
travel by transit into the
downtown area. The passenger
volumes from the heavily
populated areas to the north
and northwest could not be
carried through the built-up
parts of the District Of Column
bia by buses using the limited
number of freeway lanes, spe-
cial bus lanes and loading bays
that could be provided along
these critical routes.
The evaluation of the third
hypothetical system showed
that rail transit could carry
the volumes Of passengers
moving along the routes where
express buses would be made
quate. Because construction Of
most rail lines in Washington
will be very expensive, while
bus service can be provided at
little additional construction
cost on the freewayS that will
be needed in any case, the bus
es generally have an advantage
on routes where they can &C
commodate all of the potential
transit riders.
The evaluation Of these three
hypothetical systems, resulting
in the conclusion that no single
one of them was altogether sat-
iSfactory, led to the design Of
a fourth system, embodying
some features of each of the
others. This system was sub
jected to further tests and eval-
uation, which led to the con-
clusion that it should be recon-
mended as best meeting the
future needs of the National
Capital Region.
The most important conclu-
sion to be drawn from the eval-
uation of the three alternatives
and the recommended system
may be stated as follows: An
adequate transportation system
for the National Capital Region
must include a new form of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12
Interstate Regulatory Agency

The first step should be the
prompt ratification by the Con-
gress of the interstate compact,
already approved by Maryland
and Virginia, which establishes
an interstate agency to regu-
late transit throughout the
Metropolitan Area. This
agency will facilitate the in
tegration of transit service
across the jurisdictional bound
airy lines, and with the aid Of
an advisory highway and traf-
f1c board it will encourage the
coordination of transit service
with highway planning and
traffic regulation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12

Under the assumptions made
as to transit fares, parking fees
at transit stations, and the
terms of financing the express
transit system, revenues would
be Sufhcient-when the regions
population reaches 3 million
and the transit and freeway
systems are in full operation
to cover operating costs and a
substantial part of the yearly
payments of interest and prin-
cipal on the initial investment
There would remain a net an
nual deficit, amounting to about
$16.1 million in 1880, for which
a new source Of funds would
be needed. :
There are two main poten-
tial sources Of additional funds
for transit and highways:
Taxes and charges imposed
within the region, and Federal
contributions. The most OBJ
vious sources of locally raised
additional money are: Special
regional motorfuel taxes and
motor vehicle license fees, spe-
cial parking fees. taxes on pay
rolls and additional real estate
taxes. Not all of these sources
are required, but the best way
Of raising funds within the
region would probably consist
Of q combination OF several Of
them. It will be up to the
people, through their own gov
erning bodies, to decide which
means they prefer in order to
have the transportation sys-
tenn that the National Capital
Region needs.
There is serious question,
however, whether local re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12
Highways

The recommended freeway
system consists of 329 miles Of
freeways and parkways, of
which 81 miles are already in
existence, and another 178
miles are presently planned by
the highway departments. The
remaining 10 miles are newly
proposed in this report. In
addition, extra lanes and other
improvements are needed on
some of the existing freewayS
and on some of the already
planned routes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12
Future TroveI Potterns

The studies carried out ir
the course of the survey pro-
duced a substantial body of in
formation on the probable
character Of the regions fu-
ture growth. and the pattern
OF travel that is to be accom-.
i1nodated. The most important
OF the predictions about the
future Of the National Capita
Region, on which the recon.
mendations are based, are a:
follows:
l. The population of the re
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12
The Timetable

The creation of a modern
transportation system should
take place in three steps:
First, immediate action should
be taken to improve the present
public transit service in several
ways: BY migrating operations
on a regional basis and over
coming the barriers imposed by
jurisdictional boundary lines;
by using traffic controls and
regulations to help transit
vehicles improve upon schedule
speeds, and by building more
adequate transit stations at key
points. The detailed planning
and design of the new express
TRANSIT facilities should also be-
gin. At the same time, rights
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12
Downtown Parking

Downtown all-day parking
space will be required in about
the same amount as exists
today. However, the expected
loss Of a large number of to-
days downtown parking spaces,
on temporary lots and on the
streets, will call for the provi-
sion of $4,000 new all-day
spaces, most of them in multi
level structures. There will also
be a need for $1,000 new short
time spaces, both to replace
some existing spaces and to
meet new demands.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12

and some are already carrying
more traffic. than their rated
capacities. Improvements in
existing streets and highways
can accommodate only u small
part of the anticipated traffic
increase. Increasing congestion
threatens to lengthen the time
that both motorists and transit
riders waste in traffic.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12
Whot Is Needed

Each of the above listed as
poets of the anticipated regionaI
growth helps to determine what
kind of a transportation system
we must have:
o The large increase in pop
ulation and in person miles OF
travel will create a need for
greater capacities on all main
routes Of travel.
Q The dispersed. low-density
residential development will cal
for considerably increased high
way capacity throughout the
region, since public transit can
only serve economically a small
proportion of the trips original
ing in the suburbs. Increased
automobile ownership in all
parts of the region and reliance
on the automobile for all kinds
of trips will have the same eff
feet.
. The continued heavy flow
Of workers into downtown
Washington will require large
capacities on the main radial
routes.
. The diffused pattern OF
travel to new, dispersed en-
ployment centerS will empha-
size the Importance of circum-
ferential highways, and will
call for still more capacity on
radial routes to accommodate
the radial portions of trips
through, around, or short OF
the central area.
. The large present and fu-
ture population to the north
and northwest of the District
Of Columbia will demand trans
portation facilities with very
large capacities.
. The rapid depletion of
such little spare capacity as
now remains in many existing
highways means that many
new highways must be built
promptly. while the large in
creases in traffic flows along
certain routes indicate that
new and improved transit serv-
ice will also be needed soon.
Continued heavy concentration
of traffic in a few peak hours
will also call for high-capacity
transit service.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-12
How Recommendations
Were Arrived At

The above recommendations
were only decided upon after
g thorough study of the
regions future needs for trans
portation, and a careful con-
sideration of alternative ways
Of meeting those needs.