davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-14
Kate Roosevelt
To Be Married

NEW YORK, Oct. IA (AP).
Miss Kate Roosevelt, whose
grandfather was the late
President Franklin D. Roose-
welt. and William Haddad, a
New York Post reporter will
be married Saturday at a
small ceremony.
Miss Roosevelt is the adopt
ed daughter Of John Hay
Whitney, United States Ann
bassador to England and
publisher of the New York
Herald Tribune.
She is the daughter Of
Representative James Roose-
welt, Democrat of California,
and the former Betsy Cush-
ing, now Mrs. Whitney.
Mr.. Haddad, is the son Of
the late Charles Haddad of
Madeira Beach, Fla, and
Esther Dublin.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-14

His Royal Highness Prince
Naim Of Afghanistan, foreign
minister and deputy prime
minister and former Am
bassador to the Unite d
States, winds up his three
day visit to Washington to-
day.
Prince Naim will leave for
New York where he will be
entertained by United States
Ambassador to the United
Nations and Mrs. Henry
Cabot Lodge. His further
itinerary is implanted, the
embassy reports, but he may
go on to London.
The Prince. a cousin of
King Zahir Shah and hus-
band of the Kings sister,
has been in this country on
an informal private visit
since September 26.
Prince Naim called on
President Eisenhower at the
White House on Monday and
yesterday was entertained at
luncheon by Secretary of
State Herter.
Last night he was enter
tanned at a dinner at the
Afghanistan Embassy given
by Ambassador and Mrs.
Maiwandwal.
Among the 80 guests at the
black-tie event were Afghani-
stan Ambassador to the
United Nations Pazhwak, the
nations Deputy Minister Of
Planning. A. H. Aziz, also a
visitor, and the representative
in Los Angeles. M. A. Kazimi.
Also on the guest list were
Senator and Mrs. Mike Mans
field State Departm n
Counselor and Mrs. George
Frederick Reinhardt. Acting
Director of the international
Cooperation Administration
and Mrs. Leonard j. Saccio,
and Assistant Secretary of
State for Near Eastern and
South Asian Affairs and Mrs.
G. Lewis Jones.
Also, deputy assistant Sec
rotary of State for Near East
and South Asian Affairs and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-14
Crone-Lonqmuir

Mr.. and Mrs. Willed Ste
ven Crane of Arlington an
nounce the engagement of
their daughter Mary Beth to
Mr.. Robert Bruce Longmuir,
son of Mr.. and Mrs. Stuart
G. Longmuir of Pontiac,
Mich. A late fall wedding
is planned.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-14
Foreign
Minister
Departs

Pakistan Foreign Minister
Manzur Qadir left Washing
ton yesterday for a three
day visit to San Francisco,
Calf. On Saturday he will
fly to New York City and
from there he will return to
Karachi.
Minister Qadir came to
the United States for the
opening of the United Ma
tons last month and he rep
resented Pakistan at the
CENTO conference here last
week.
Two dinners given in his
honor by Ambassador and
Mrs. Ahmed at the Embassy
preceded his departure.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-14
Keene-Melton

Mr.. and Mrs. Herbert G.
Keene of Falls Church an
nounce the engagement of
their daughter Linda Mary
to Pfc. Walter W. Melton. jr.,
USING, son of Mrs. Mary
Chandler of New Orleans, La,
and the late Mr.. w. w. Mel
ton. A spring wedding is
planned.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-14
Conner-Wood

Mr.. and Mrs. Lendell Allen
Conner of Bethesda announce
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-14
Exhibit Planned

An exhibition of the paint
ings of Madiha Umar, wife
of the former Counselor and
Charge d'AffairS of the En-
bassy Of Iraq, will be shown
at the Middle East House
Friday through November IA,
from 9 am. to 5 pm. on
weekdays.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-14

Burdick, II, son of Mr.. H.
Russell Burdick of West
erly, r. 1. Miss Neill is also
the daughter of the late Mr..
Neill. Rev. Burdick is the son
of the late Mrs. Burdick.
A December wedding is
planned.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-14
Afghan Prince Feted
AT Embassy Dinner

Mrs. Parker Thomson Hart,
Assistant Secretary Of State
for African Affairs and Mrs.
Joseph c. Satterthwaite and
Director of South Asian AZ
fairs in the State Department
and Mrs. Frederic Bartlett.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-14

the engagement of their
daughter Anne to Mr.. Dick
Raymond Wood, son of Mr..
and Mrs. Raymond A. Wood
of Chester, N. Y. A January
wedding is planned.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-14
Foircloth-FreeSe

Mr.. and Mrs. Roy F. Fair
cloth announce the engage
ment of their daughter Patri-
ella Anne to Airman Wayne
Douglas FreeSe, son of Mr..
and Mrs. George A. Freese of
Oxon Hill. A November z
wedding is planned.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-14
EXCLUSIVELY
YOURS
Yehudi Menuhin Gets q Jolt;
MI. Stone Recommends Gold

At the Jouett Shouses'
after-concert party last eve
ming, Violinist Yehudi Menu
hin had something Of a jolt,
and Architect Edward D.
Stone revealed some surpris-
ing information.
The two had no connection.
The guest soloist for the Ma
tional Symphony Orchestral
opening concert of the 1852
go season and the designer
Of the National Cultural Gen.
ter simply shared honors at
the party along with the
symphony'S conductor, DR..
Howard Mitchell. Mrs. ShouSe
is both on the board of di-
rectors for the orchestra, and
on the board of trustees for
the cultural center.
AHUMBLE MAN, Mr.. Men
uhin would never object to
sharing plaudits with another
artist, even though it was he
who had just given the
masterful performance of the
extraordinarily difficult Bar
tok Concerto No. 2. But it's
not likely that he was pre-
pared for one surprising en-
counter at the Corcoran Art
Gallery, scene of the party.
Didn't you play a violin
solo bit tonight?" casually
asked a young man with a
crew cut.
"Well-yes-I did," replied
Mr.. Menuhin somewhat
taken back. The Bartok with
its incredible variations was
such feat of memory, that
alone should have made an
impression.
1T was rather nice" con-
tinued the lad nonchalantly.
"Oh, thanks very much"
said the most famous Ameri-
can-born violiniSt in the
world.
Now wait a minute-don't
tell mel know" said the lad,
about to give the artist the
extreme pleasure of his per-
sonal recognition, your name
is Mulin."
II suppose" said the guest
Of honor politely, 81 might
recognize myself by that
name"
Bright. young, amusing Mrs.
Menuhin, standing on the
sidelines, could hardly stifle
a boot.
EDWARD STONE, who
was also accompanied by his
pretty wife, a petite sparkling
brunette with flashing eyes,
isn't at liberty yet to discuss
his now completed plans for
the National Cultural Center.
Although already approved
by the trustees of the center,
they have to pass the inspec-
ton of the Fine Arts Com
mission which saw them this
morning, the Park Commits
sion, and several other
groups.
They also will be approved
by the President, no doubt,
before they are made public
in three weeks or so-if all
goes well.
But Mr.. Stone did reveal
that the entire center will be
under one roof and the build
ing will be white with gold
columns. The columns could
be bronze, but he favors gold
leaf because it keeps its bril-
lance.
Does that sound too capi-
taliStic?" smiled Mrs. Stone.
Heavens, mol" exclaimed
this columnist. why should
capitalism put on a shabby
face and f1aunt something
like the can-can when the
Soviets have the Bolshoi?"
The trustees who have seen
the design for the center say
it will be beautiful. gather
that it will be shaped some
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-14
Eberhort-Simpich

Mr.. and Mrs. John Alsa
Eberhart of Raleigh, N. c..
announce the engagement of
their daughter Patricia Joan
to Mr.. Frederick Simpich,
III, son of Mr.. Simpich, jr.,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-14
By BETTY BEAE

thing like a shell, right on
the waters edge. and will
include a big ballroom in a
rotunda opening onto a re-
ception hall overlooking the
water. 1t will not have the
oriental style exterior screen
for which he is famous, and
which adorns the American
Embassy in Delhi.
SEATED IN THE PRESI-
DENTS BOX at the concert
in Constitution Hall last
evening were Special Counsel
to the President and Mrs.
David Kendall and Secretary
of the Navy and Mrs. FRANKIE.
Coming on to the party
afterwards were Perle Mesta
and former Ambassador
Rudolph Schoenfeld, with Mr..
and Mrs. Philip Cox. Mrs.
Mesta, just back from two
weeks in San Francisco where
she went in hiding to do
some work on her book,
Call Me Perle," was wearing
a new lavender chiffon eve
ming dress with matching
satin coat. Margaret Cox had
on a taffy colored satin gown
with mink trimmed jacket.
The Nicaraguan Ambassa-
dor and Sonora de Sevilla-
SacaSa brought the latter's
siSter-in-law who is visiting
them, Nicaragua's First Lady,
Sonora de Samoa.
CHILEAN AMBASSADOR
and Sonora de Muller were
telling about the 81 Chilean
guitarist-singers who will give
a concert at their Embassy
at 10 O'Clock Friday night
following one at the Com
merce Department Auditor
ium. Trained and headed by
Mrs. Carmen CuevaS, who
compiled and arranged the
folk songs of Chile for their
use, all have taken part at
the big annual folk song fes-
tival held on her estate near
Santiago.
The German Ambassador
and Nine. Grewe and the
Minister and Nine. Franz
Krapf ate their beef bur-
gundy land other delectables
from the buffet at a table
with the Menuhins. He is
adored by the Germans" con-
fided the musicians wife.
president HeuSs decorated
him last year for his work
as a Jew in Germany. He
went there the instant the
fighting ceased and played
in the concentration camps.
refugee camps and concert
halls to show what a Jew
could do" Though American
born, her husband was of
Russian Jewish extraction,
she said.
Others at the attractive
party were the Belgian Am
bassador and Nine. Scheyven,
the Luxembourg Ambassador
and Nine. Heisbourg, the
Garrison NortonS, Mrs. Ather-
ton Macondray. Mr.. and
Mrs. Ralph Becker, Mr.. and
Mrs. Eric Johnston, the Carl
Shipleys, Indian Minister and
Mrs. Chatterjee and bearded
publicity man James Moran
dressed like an ambassador
from the Duchy of Grand
Fenwick.
Wearing a scarlet uniform
with gold epaulets, by his
Graustarkian appearance
alone he was painleSsly prop
agandizing the coming film,
THE Mouse That Reared"
Standing beside him was a
very beautiful, black-haired
girl in a magnificent black
and white figured satin gown
edged with white mink, who
said she was the Marquise of
NaVarone. That's another
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-14

q
L. Frank-famous for jr. fashions
that do things for
you and your budget.
We KNOW juniors ,0eUe specialized in junior
fashions oUer the years and rcere proud of the
outstanding selection, the fine quality, the young
look that has made L. Frank headquarters for
junior size fashions in all departments in
all sizes, from three to seventeen. See these four,
see hundreds more of FASHIONS DESIGNED
WITH THE JUNIOR IN MIND.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-14
Neiu-Burdick

Mrs. Harold Dwight Neill
of Middletown, Ohio, an
nounces the engagement of
her daughter Nancy Griffith
to the Rev. Edward Moves
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-10-14
ENGAGEMENTS

of Honolulu, Hawaii, and
Mrs. Ruth Gullion Simpich
of Orinda, Calf.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1959-11-20

gle Hall that the fight for clean
government is the moral respon-
Sibility of clergymen. There were
men who attacked him as politi-
clan, who felt that a rabbi has no
business mingling with city poll
tics, but he stood steadfast in his
convictions, loyal of his beliefs
that only when fight is won for
the cause of justice, then the NOR
al life of man can be furthered for
the happiness of all. He and his
lifelong colleague, DR.. John James
Holmes, cleaned the city govern
ment and brought to that great
metropolis an understanding that
good government is the moral re-
sponsibility every city shares.
But the most passionate fight of
his life was to bring justice to the
homeless Jews of the world. The
letters reveal that Wise ceaseless-
ly gave the strength of his heart
to this cause. He believed from the
very moment that he attended the
first Zionist Congress that justice
for the Jew could be only when
he would have something to call
his own.
NO MAN FORESAW the tragedy
of his people as clearly as Wise
did at the advent of Hitferism in
1888. He burst forth in passionate
protest against the Hitler hordes
in NaZi Germany. He spoke when
others were silent. With courage
he marched through the streets in
protest as behind him marched
thousands of men and women,
most of them from the poorer
classes, until they reached Madi-
son Square Garden.
Wise lived long enough to learn
of the birth of the State of. Israel.
Yet he knew that the struggle
must go on for generations. His
hope was at the efforts to which
he gave his energy and time would
find greater fulfillment after his
death.
The most touching letter was
the last one he wrote which he
placed secretly to be given to his
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1959-11-20

Rabbi PIOtIxin his personal life
struck too deeply to give him
peace of mind so indispensable to
great creative writing.
BUT THERE WAS one thing
Wise did do. He wrote frequent let
ters rather than long ones. This
book, "The Personal Letters of
Stephen Wise" reflects the man
even more profoundly than his own
autobiography, '"The Challenging
Years"
His letters show the soul of the
mana man as fierce as lion in
fight for a cause and as gentle
as lamb in his devotions to his
family and his friends.
Most of these letters were writ
ten to his beloved wife, Louise.
She played a deep role in his life.
No letters that 1 have read reveal
such sincerity, such unbounded de-
votion as these, written to a wo-
man who shared with her husband
his entire life.
MANY WE'RE THE occasions
when it was necessary for him to
be away from his wife and fam
ily He would write two and three
letters day, pouring out to his
beloved one all the inner torments
and conflicts. She shared his tri-
umphs, and from her love he
CLEANED the comfort to sustain him
in hours of agony and trial.
What quality do you find in these
letters which so deeply revealed
the man? Tenderness.
Wise deeply loved his father.
Coming from three generations of
rabbis, his father, Aaron Wise,
was to DR.. Wise the very essence
of the highest qualities which the
rabbinate can produce. This devo-
ton from his father poured forth in
his heart that same fatherly feel
ing to his wife, his children and,
most of all, to his boys, as he
called the graduates of the Jew
ish Institute of Religion.
Many were the crusades which
this great leader led, and among
his foremost was his fight for a
free pulpit. His letters reveal that
his call to Temple Emanuel in New
York City was conditioned by the
board controlling the policy of the
pulpit. This Wise could never ac-
cept, and he fought with all his
fury to keep the pulpit in the
American synagogue free. Moth
ing must violate the conscience of
a man who in his search for truth
must have the complete freedom
to speak the truth as he sees it.
His congregation might not agree
with him. They might even censor
him, but that freedom must be
there. This cause, which so in
famed the passionate cry of his
resounding voice, brought courage
not only to rabbiS, but to clergy
men of all faiths.
HE FELT THAT the pulpit is
the conscience, the moral con-
science, the sounding board against
injustice and evil. When wise
found that the mayor and the 10.
cal city government was corrupt,
he did not hesitate for a moment
to make known to his congrega-
ton on Sunday morning in Carne-
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1959-11-20
Young Judaea
Group pDeIays
Chari+yDance

Young Judaea's V.IP. group has
postponed its Thanksgiving Hop to
7:30 pm. Dec 5 at the Jewish
Community Center. Proceeds will
go to fight trachoma, an eye dis
ease, in Israel. Sixth, seventh and
eighth graders are invited to at
tend.
New young Judaea groups being
formed include: seventh and eighth
grade girls, Mrs. Sarah Halpern
and Mrs. Helen Gonshak leaders,
Sheila Palais junior leader; sixth
grade girls, Mrs. Irene Fried and
Mrs. Ellen Ross leaders, Karen
Cohen junior leader; fourth and
fifth grade girls, Mrs. Bea Steier-
man and Mrs. Bea Meyer leaders,
Joan Cries junior leader; seventh
and eighth grade boys, Mrs. Shir-
ley Brohner leader, Morris Aborne
junior leader; sixth grade boys,
Mrs. Frances Frankel leader;
fourth and fifth grade boys, Kenny
Meyer junior leader
The co-educational Senior Juda-
cans held their first meeting at the
home of President Ken Meyer.
All groups will participate in a
Dec. 90 Chanukah luncheon at the
center.
Membership information may be
obtained from Mrs. Helen Cries,
WI 3-3730.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1959-11-20
JEWISH BOOK CORNER
Letters Reveal Wise Soul

children. These touching words he
wrote: ''as you know had to
leave you, but / feel the time is
drawing near for me to go home.
If God wills, it will mean the re-
union of my spirit with that
of Mummie's. You know that
want my dust to be placed
in the niche where she lies. ALI love
forever to you, who have taken
such wonderful care of me and
will do so, 1 know, to my end
whatever it is to be. You will love
and care for each other always.
Into the Hand of God 1 commend
my spirit. May He continue to
vouchsafe me His grace and mer-
cies."
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1959-11-20
By RABBI ALBERT PLOTKIN

No personality was more illustri-
Gus or better-known amongst Jew
and non-Jew than the stalwart fig
ure, the strong, the mighty Steph-
en- S. Wise. From church to syn
agogue, from city to townlet, this
goth Century prophet brought forth
message that made American
Judaism a vital and dynamic
force in building a finer democ-
racy.
Rabbi Wise was like a Jacob who
wrestled with the angel ceaseleSS-
ly, but in his wrestling the one
luxury he did not have was the
writing and publishing of a great
book which would contribute crea-
lively to the thought of his age.
Wise had deep desire to write,
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1959-11-20
Chapter To Hear
Investment Views

Jack K. Sneider, investment con-
sultant for the Phoenix office of
Francis l. DUPONT & Co. and a
member of the New York Stock
Exchange speakers bureau, will
address the Phoenix Chapter of the
Jewish National Home for Asth-
matte Children at $3.50 pm. Mon
day. Site is the Jewish Community
Center.
Sneider will discuss 1.-THE New
York Stock Exchange and the In
vestment of Money" with ques-
ton and answer period following.
Refreshments will be served. The
public is invited.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1959-11-20
Classified Ads
S1.UO for rs words and DC per
word thereafter

MILITARY supplies, mems wear
and shoe store, together with brick
building 25-ft. front, stories and
a basement. Conspicuous front.
Pleasant. Best business location.
Reasonably priced, and will coop
crate in financing. Retiring (due
to age) after 35 years successful
operation. Here are Ft. Carson,
the Air Force Academy air base,
a great tourist resort and a health
full, lovely place to make a perma-
nent home. KLINE'S, 122 S. Neva-
da Ave-, Colorado Springs, Colo.
FOR RENT: To a woman, large
airy room in nice home, kitchen
privileges. Bus line. 3125 W. Camel
back Rd. YE 1859.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1959-11-20
BBW Sets Nov. 29
BOWLING Niqht

Phoenix B'nai Birth Women will
hold a bowling night at Thunder
bird Lanes, Indian School Road
and Black Caynon Highway, at 8
pm. Nov. 20, with trophies going
to the men and women rolling high
series and high game with handi-
cap. Entry fee of $3.50 covers line
charges.
Tickets may be obtained from
the events chairman, Mrs. Art
Schnitzer, 1919 w. Sells Dr., or her
committee members, Mrs. Milton
Sacks, Mrs. Nate Wolf, and Mrs.
Hy Kossacks, or may be purchased
at the alleys. Proceeds will go to
B'nai Birth philanthropieS.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1959-11-20

Ibut his success
as a public speak
|er and leader was
I'm o r e than he
|could cope with.
1T left him no
time, and when
he had time, he
was a r e a d y
weary and worn
out. The tragedy
of his DeODle and
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1959-05-15

The SoG'hside Community Hosp
tai moved into the spotlight Of the
Farmville Junior Woman's Club
Tuesday night al the regular meet
Of the Junior Woman's Club.
On the occasion Of National
Hospital Week. Joseph H. James
Jr. hospital administrator spoke to
the club members on More Roads
to Recovery
The club presented the Southside
Community Hospital with a check
to be used for the purchase of a
health kit fol- electrophoresi tests
n connection With abnormal hemo-
globins resulting IL anemla Ger
tain types Of { IAN cer poorly
functioning kidneys and certain
heart diseases
New members welcomed into the
club Tuesday night were Mis- Lois
Erdman Mrs John W Peery and
Mrs. Kenneth Lane
Hospital Growth
Hospital Administrator James
took the general theme Of Hospi-
tai Week as More Roads to Re
covery. the constantly expanding
services Your hospitals are provid
ing to bring you longer life and
better health :
james said The four basic roles
of the hospital arc parent care
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1959-05-15
T. Woman's Club Makes Donation
TO Southside Community Hospital

cal medical and rehabiltatiye pro
cedureS bring recovery to victims
who would have been doomed ID
death or permanent disability yes
terday.'
Better Care
Another modern day accomplish
ment is the maternity care re-
ceived in the hospitals In 1888 less
than 81 per cent Of all births oc-
Cured III hospitals and the death
rate was % for every 10000 births
BY 1856 over % per cent Of all
births were in hospitals, and the
death rate was down 10 for every
10000 births
Explaining some Of the factors
that 90 into cost of operation of a
hospital. James said the cost in the
Southside Community Hospital III
about Si9 per day, compared with
the s26 per day in the average
hospitals over the nation.
We expect the rise IN hospital
costs tO continue because the fac
tors producing the recent increases
are Still operating the advance of
medical science, the increased use
Of medical services By the public
the growing needs for skilled per
sonnet. ana the initiation, " james
aid
Hc concluded BIZ saying. In an
cra of explosive growth, hospitals
must depend Az never before apon
community support and community
understanding, if comprehensive
ervlccs Of HAN quality ard 70 oa
mage available " a4l thc people
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1959-05-15

Mr. and Mrs Gray Wllkerson. Of
Richmond, visited his mother, Mrs.
Everett Wllkerson. recently.
Mrs. Walter Robinson will enter
tain her bridge club Friday eve
ming.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harold Word have
had as then guest Luther Gillispie,
Of Norfolk.
Mrs. Doris spillrnan, q Rich
mond, was the guest Of Miss Sarah
Wilkerson for the week end
Mrs. Connie Gills aid daughter
Connie Lou. were week end guests
of Mr.. and Mrs. c. W. LaWhorne
j.. in Lynchburg.
Mn and Mrs. Robert Floyd And
SON Bobby Of Petersburg. arc to
be guests Of her parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. c. w. Harris. Mr. Floyd
VIII participate IN the Kindertor
golf tournament in Clarksyillc this
week end.
W. H. Wilkerson. Of Lynchburg
n pending tew dyas here wish
his family.
Nh and ms Indy Hamlet
visited her mother Mrs J. r
ChernaGlt N Apponattox during
the Week end.
Mr.. and Mrs. Billy Bunch have
been the guests Of their parents
Dr. and Mrs.. R j. Daniel and Mi
and Mrs william Bunch, of Roa-
noke Rapids. N. q.
Charles shorter. Jr. visited hi.
parents, Mr- ana Ans. Shorter IA
Gently
j B. Ellington. Al Page. Walter
Wllkerson and Robert Wilkers on
We're III LynchbJrg Friday eyenlng
for the wrestling matches.
Miss katherine II bel spen
Mothers Day week end in Burke
vIlle With her mother Mrs ] H
liable.