davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

city'S big buildings. frantic traf-
flc jams and beautiful women,
they marched down the streets
shouting their devotion to "Fidel,
saviour of Cuba"
Fidel Castro, tine revolutionary
leader who toppled the regime of
Dictator Fulgencio Batista earlier
this year, was the man of the hour
in Cuba. For reasons known best
to himself, he chose today, July
26, the sixth anniversary of his
revolutionary movement, to wrest
still another mandate of his
people.
He announced in an emotion
charged television address last
week end that he would leave it
up to the people whether he would
resume his post as head of the
government He resigned hours
earlier to force out President Man
uel UITutia, who had incurred
Mr.. Castro's wrath by picturing
himself as a forceful anti-Commu-
mist.
Mr.. Castro, who denies that
either he or his government has
any Communist faint, angrily
charged that such protests we're
unnecessary.
Riding the crest of national
popularity unmatched since Jose
Marti. who led Cuba's fight for
independence against Spain, Mr..
Castro is clearly in the drivers
seat. Actually, it is unimportant
what post if any - he holds,
since he has publicly stated he
would not relinquish command of
the revolutionary movement. 1t
is that group which controls the
government.
There is no question as to what
the Cuban people will ask of Mr..
Castro. Signs reading, "Fidel,
stay!" have been popping up all
over the island nation-juSt as
the bearded revolutionary knew
they would. Some observers think
Mr.. Castro ordered the celebra-
ton to appease his own vanity.
The date, which is Marti's
birthday, is doubly significant to
Cubans. Mr.. Castro and a band of
rebels chose it deliberately six
years ago when they attacked the
Moncada Army Barracks in San
tiago de Cuba. About 100 students
and soldiers were killed in the
attack, which ended in near dis
aSter for the Castro group.
Mr.. Castro was sentenced to Is
years in prison for his part in the
revolt, but was later released. For
two years he worked abroad. Or
ganizing the go de julio" move
ment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Free Speech in Moscow

Muscovites belatedly unrolled a
somewhat tattered Red carpet last
week for Vice President Nixon.
Then they promptly pulled it out
from under him.
Mr.. Nixon's visit, ostensibly to
open the American National Exhi-
bition, began rather badly on
Thursday. He was accorded per-
haps the city's chilliest reception
since Napoleon's arrival in 1912.
Greeted only by newsmen and a
few Soviet officials, Mr.. Nixon de-
planed at Vnukovo Airport at the
very moment his visit was under
attack by Soviet Premier Nikita
Khrushchev and the Moscow
press.
On Friday. however, the atmos-
phere grew warmer, and Mr.. Nixon
was graciously received at the
Kremlin.
This is our first meeting" Mr..
Khrushchev said. smiling. II well
come you"
Then followed one Of the most
fantastic exchanges in the history
of international relations.
The pair. followed doggedly by
a milling crowd Of 200 newsmen,
Soviet and American security Off
Gals and aides, embarked upon a
tour of the fair. Immediately. all
Semblance of amity blew sky high
in a rare display of verbal fire.
works. 1t was a show that far out
stripped the exhibition itself.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
Was Election Issue

The labor reform bill which
cleared the Senate by an 88-to-1
vote in 1858 died in the House of
Representatives. Its demise pro-
voked a bitter political Squabble
that carried through last Novem-
ber's elections, with Democrats and
Republicans each accusing the
other of Scuttling labor reform.
This year the Senate passed the
Kennedy labor bill COL after a
violent floor battle over the Bill
of Rights" sponsored by Sen. Nc
Clellan, Democrat of Arkansas,
chairman of the RacketS Com
mittee.
Prospects of House passage of
labor reform legislation have been
almost as perilous as last year.
however, chiefly because of strong
suspicious that the faction-ridden
Labor Committee would never be
able to agree on the bill it has
been trying for months to write.
Despite the gloomy predictions
the committee did produce a la
Dor reform bill last week - by a
vote of 16 to IA. More moderate
than the version passed IN April
by the Senate, it came under
prompt and scething criticism
from critics who consider it too
mild - and from others who re-
gard it as anti-labor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
AT Genevd:
NoProgress

much has been said at Geneva
about the question of Western
rights in Berlin" Secretary Of
State Herter told an attentive au-
dience yesterday in the old Ger
man capital
"These rights" he said, "are
clear and cannot be terminated
by unilateral action of any other
power. We have not accepted and
will not accept any deadline on
them"
Firmly and clearly, Mr.. Herter
treasured the "a million residents
of West Berlin that the Western
foreign ministers would not sell
them short at Geneva.
Mr.. Herter declared:
Il assure Berliners that the
United States will not forget it's
responsibilities toward Berlin in
this or any other respect"
The Secretary of State tempo
rarily left Geneva apparently con-
WINGED that the Big Four talks are
nearing an end. Both he and
Maurice Couve de Murville, For
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
Berlin Chessmen

West Berliners are the first to
recognize that their way of life
perhaps their lives themselves
are at stake in this power struggle
between East and West. Many
Germans are afraid that the West
will sacrifice the city in order to
preserve the peace, if that is the
price the Soviet Union demands.
Mayor Willy Brandt, escorting
Mr.. Herter through his vital city,
commented bitterly that the Com
munistS consider several million
BerlinerS to be no better than the
men on a chess board"
Then he urged Mr.. Herter to
return to Geneva to press for an
early and satisfactory settlement
of the problems. The Secretary
of State said he would try.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
Foreign Aid:
Another Trim

The course of foreign aid has
gone up and down in dizzying sue.
ceSSion in recent weeks.
Last week it went down again.
The House Appropriations Sub
committee, as expected, trimmed
the Presidents budget request for
nearly 81 billion by SIPS million.
The President hours earlier. had
hopefully signed an appropriation
act which cut his request by
about $500 million-a consider
ably lighter cut than appears in
the making when the actual APP
preparation is voted.
Non-military aid Jared rather
well in the subcommittee, but
military assistance was drastically
reduced. The President requested
Sic billion but the group ap-
proved only STA billion.
Mr.. Eisenhower said he was dis
appointed by the action, but
hoped that some of the money
could be restored before passage.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
Hoffo Victory

To Representative Kearns.
ranking Republican on the COM
mittee, the watered-down reform
measure represented the great
est victory" yet won by James R.
Hoffa, boss of the Transfers Un-
ion and chief target of Congress
sional labor investigators.
To George Meany, president Of
the AFL-CIO, it was ''anti-iabor"
and thus unacceptable 20 unions.
He called instead for a bill which
would get the crooks and not
damage legitimate unions"
To some observers Mr.. Meaay's
criticism had a tongue cheek
flavor. His denunciation of the
committee bill appeared a Calcu-
lated effort to win support for eff
forts on the floor of the House to
write an even milder measure.
The floor fight will be bitter. for
there will also be determined ef-
forts to tougher the bill that OPP
ponentS regard as already ever
loaded with concessions 20 Unions.
The bill is expected to reach the
floor for debate in about two
weeks. Its highlights:
Requirements for the election
of union officers by secret ballot,
or through delegates chosen by
secret ballot.
Provision for the filing of f.
nancial reports by unions and
some employers.
Protection of the rights of
union members, with provision for
aggrieved members to sue for an
injunction to enforce his rights.
. A bar against Communists or
persons convicted of major crimes
serving as union officials or Off
GERS of employer associations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
kdq Revolt:
Contained

Premier Abdel Karin KaSsem
forcefully demonstrated last week
that he and nobody else is still
the boss in IraQ.
Trouble broke out on Monday
when a religious celebration in
oil-rich Northern Iraq exploded
into full scale revolt. Accord
ing to diplomatic circles. the re-
volt was headed by pro-Commu-
mist elements in the region Of
Kirkuk, city of 10000 about $50
miles north of Baghdad.
The clash repeatedly erupted
when Moslem celebrantS of a re-
ligiouS holiday were attacked by
Communists. Local army and
police units then fell upon the
Communist demonstrators and
more than 200 persons were re-
portedly killed or injured.
Arab sources said casualties on
both sides totaled nearly 1000
persons before Premier Kassem's
units regained command of the
situation.
Diplomats in Baghdad believe
the attacks were caused by recent
shifts in Gen. Kassem'S govern
ment, which displaced several
Communist sympathizerS. The
Communists have subsequently
been asking for stronger voice
in the government, but so far
without success.
Last weeks outbreaks were
viewed among Western diplomats
as a further setback to the Com
muniStS. BY the middle of the
week, Gen. Kassem was plainly in
control of the situation. and he
angrily promised "severest" pun
iShment for those who had stirred
the revolt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
The Vital Subjects

1t has been President Eisen-
hower's practice in July or early
August to assess the record Of
Congress and display a list Of
must" legislation that should be
enacted before the lawmakers
adjourn.
When the perennial question
was asked at his news conference
last Wednesday the President
didn't have his list ready. But he
extemporized on three subjects he
considers most vital-labor reform,
highway construction and a
decent farm bill"
The Presidents chances of get
ting his wishes in any Of the three
fields are slim.
The labor reform bill passed
last week by the House Labor
Committee contains few of the
teeth proposed by the admins
tration. The Presidents proposal
for a / u cent increase in the Fed
eral gasoline tax to pay for the
interstate highway program has
no chance of winning congress
sional approval-he will be lucky
to get a l2-cent boost from the
Democratic-c controlled legislature.
Chances of Congress producing a
major farm bill this year have
already gone aglimmering. The
deep division between Democrats
and Republicans over the best way
to approach the multi-billion-
dollar problem of mounting farm
SURPRISES make it highly unlikely
that any broad new farm bill will
be passed before 1860.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
No Negotiations

He said before he left the United
States that he did not expect to
effect any great changes in the
world situation by his visit. The
tour was described by President
Eisenhower as "a good will ges-
ture." The President declared:
He (Mr. Nixon knows all
about government, he knows
about the attitudes, he can i'm
part information-but he is not
negotiating anthing."
Arriving in Moscow after nom
stop flight from Washington, he
warned the Soviet Union that
there will be no victors, only
losers" in the event of a third
world war.
1t was clear as the week ended
that Mr.. Nixon's talks were going
considerably further than he may
have expected. Diplomats hoped
that the tone of those conversa-
lions, in the privacy of Mr.. Khru-
ShchevS own home, would remain
on a friendly basis. 1t was evil
dent. they said, that the leaders
were speaking to the world, not
each other, in their unexpected
public debate.
Mr.. Khrushchev has stated
time after time that he wants a
summit conferences meeting
with Mr.. Eisenhower, President
Charles de Gaulle of France and
Prime Minister Harold Macmillan
of Great Britain. Many observers
thought that Mr.. NiXon'S visit
might help to pave the way.
Thus, the exchange between MIR.
Nixon and Mr.. Khrushchev was a
bitter blow to many Western
hopes. 1t was especially ill-timed,
they felt, because of the stale
mate in negotiations in Geneva.
Even MI. KhruShchev. the
master of buster, must have
realized the debate was going too
far. At one point, he replied to
Mr.. Nixon that the success of the
Geneva conference docs not de-
pend on me-"
All" said Mr.. Nixon, "but it
takes two to make an agreement.
You cannot have it all your own
way"
ITO put an end to the vestigeS
Of the last war is the only way
to make peace" Mr.. Khrushchev
responded. That is what we
want"
Then he paused a moment,
considered his words, and con-
cluded:
1T is very bad that we quarrel
over peace and war"
Moments later, addressing an
assembly gathered at formal cere-
monies opening the exhibition, he
made a final bid at restoring
degree of amity.
1--WE should be glad" he said.
"if President Eisenhower found
it possible to visit the Soviet I'm
ion. I think such a visit would
be very useful both in improving
relations between our two coun-
tries and in strengthening world
peace"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

viewed the revolutionary hero as
the answer to their prayers.
But seven months later, the
Castro government is still in fer
ment. Cuban landlords and Amer
lean sugar baronS alike have been
threatened with seizure Of their
holdings for redistribution among
the farmers. Relations with the
United States have been steadily
deteriorating. and though Mr..
Castro says he doesn't care, there
is every indication he does.
Nevertheless. he spent week
in the United States last spring
trying to convince this country
that he was not a Communist and
that he merited American support
in his program Of reform for
Cuba.
Elsewhere on the international
scene, Mr.. Castro's influence Is
being felt in every one of the 81
member nations of the Organiza-
ton of American States. His
country is under constant attack
by other Latin American nations
for Matching plots and revolutions
against other regimes-particu-
larly those Of the neighboring
Dominican Republic and Nicara-
qua.
Tensions in the Caribbean have
increased to such a point that the
GAS has called a conference of its
foreign ministers at Santiago de
Chile on August IL. There the
diplomats will study the situa-
ton and frame a plan of action
to rid the hemisphere of these
troubles.
In consideration of all these
problems on the international
scene, Mr.. Castro will doubtlessly
receive considerable comfort today
from the celebration rally in
Havana. Armed with popular
support at home, he can be ex-
pected to deal more confidently at
the conference table.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
For the Cameras

The exchange began. appro-
priately enough, though unSched-
uled, in front of cameras in an
exhibition color television studio.
Mr.. Nixon, stunned and stumbling
at first, soon recovered and
matched wits nimbly with the
articulate Soviet Premier.
Mr.. Khrushchev squared off,
accusing Mr.. Nixon of threaten
ing the Soviet Union. The Vice
President countered with the
same complaint against Mr..
Khrushchev, then led the debate
still one step further.
81 don't believe the cause of
peace is helped by your reiterat-
ing the point you just made
that you have more strength than
we have, because that is a threat,
too" Mr.. Nixon asserted.
If you want to threaten" Mr..
Khrushchev said, I'VE will answer
threat with threat"
Tourists and workmen, their
mouths gaping, listened incred-
ulously as the talk shifted to the
situation at Geneva.
Mr.. Nixon asked the Russian
leader if he thought East and
West could settle their differences
over Berlin at the foreign minis
terS' conference.
IF we considered it otherwise,
we would not have incurred the
expense of sending our foreign
minister to Geneva" Mr.. Khru-
shchev replied acidly.
Then Mr.. Nixon observed that
it would "be a great blow to
peace" if the conference were al
lowed to fail.
The argument continued I'M
abated = sometimes grim and
sometimes funny-among washing
machines, dolls and SwimsuitS on
display at the fair in Moscow's
Sokolniki Park.
Once the Vice President accused
the Premier of filibustering like
an American Senator. Mr.. Khru-
shchev subsequently apologized
for talking so frankly, and Mr..
Nixon replied through an inter-
prefer:
"Tell him I have been insulted
by experts"
Their conversations. which con-
tinued yesterday, have been lik-
ened to a "little summit" confer
ence. Nobody expected, however.
that they would be carried on so
frankly in public.
Even before Mr.. Nixon arrived
in Moscow, the ground was being
laid for a titanic propaganda
battle. Weeks ago. the Soviet
press denounced a model Ameri-
can home on exhibition as untypi-
cal of living conditions in this
country. The Soviet Unions prin-
cipal newspapers, Pravda and IL
vestia, have been painting a grim
picture of conditions in the United
States, emphasizing unemployment
and slum housing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
Equal Representation

The Soviet Union wants greater
recognition and prestige for East
Germany from the West, and has
insisted that such a committee
have equal representation from
both sides. West Germany SCOTS
that such a proposal is unfair
because it has more than twice
the population of East Germany.
The Western ministers will
have their next opportunity to
sound out Mr.. Gromyko'S feelings
at private luncheon tomorrow.
There Mr.. Herter repeatedly will
seek to learn if the Russian min
lister will agree to a long-range
truce on Berlin. The Russians
have been trying since last No
vember to GUST the Western allies
from West Berlin or to reduce
their strength and prestige in
that city, which is entirely sur
rounded by Communist East Ger
many.
AS the talks dragged on last
week without any sign of major
progress, Mr.. Herter threatened to
call them off unless the deadlock
were broken.
WeSternerS have been hoping
all along that Soviet Premier Nj
kita Khrushchev would end the
stalemate because of his desire
for a summit conference Of Big
Four chiefs of state. But as the
conference moved sluggishly into
the third month of unproductive
negotiations. there was still no
sign that the Soviet Union was
willing to concede anything.
Only one of the Western trio,
in the face of this Stalemate, re-
tanned any optimism about the
talks by the end of the week. Mr..
Lloyd. seconding the sentiments
of Prime Minister Harold Mac
milan, hopefully declared:
II believe that it should be pos
sible here or at some other meet
ing, perhaps at another level (the
summit, to get final acceptance
of this interim agreement ION
Berlin)."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26

In the White House library one
evening last week President
Eisenhower sat chatting with 10
old df sometimes fickle) friends,
The after-dinner conversation
ranged spiritedly from the pros
poets for a Big Four summit
meeting to Mr.. Eisenhower's opin-
ion Of Nelson Rockefeller, from
taxes to the steel strike.
Before the guests departed at
IL O'Clock they had received the
most thorough review of Presi-
dents thinking on the great and
small issues of the day ever ac-
corded members of the working
press by a Chief Executive of the
United States.
The Is newSmen who listened
raptly to the Presidents every
word and piled him with fresh
questions whenever the fascinat-
ing monologue began to ebb were
the regulars" of the White House
press room. They were, as Mr..
Eisenhower explained later to
their enviouS colleagues, the men
who had covered his activities
wherever I've gone, day in, day
out on good trips and bad"
The background" conference is
an old and honored Washington
institution. One of the first to
employ it regularly was the late
Secretary of War Henry L. Slim
son, who met frequently with cap
ital reporters during World War
II to provide guidance on military
matters that could not be dis
cussed publicly.
John Foster Dulles, until his
death, was the most frequent and
skilled practitioner of the back
grounding art in the Eisenhower
administration. During his six
years as Secretary of State his
confidential briefing sessions for
newsmen often provided the first
tip-off of important shifts in
United States foreign policy;
1t was his custom at the close of
an important international con-
ference to assemble American re-
porterS for a detailed discussion
of what had been accomplished.
Former Attorney General Her.
bert Brownell. jr., touched off the
first major press squabble of the
Eisenhower administration in 1853
with his announcement to a select
group of newsmen at such a
background" meeting that Presi-
dent Eisenhower planned to nomi-
nate Earl Warren as Chief Justice
Of the United States.
In 1852. when he was the Re-
publican candidate for President,
Mr.. Eisenhower met twice with
reporters on his campaign train
on a background basis, both
times to discuss the Nixon ex-
pense fund controversy. Out of
one of these meetings came the
celebrated pronouncement, attrib-
uted to "the highest sources" that
Dick Nixon would have to be
"clean as hounds tooth" to re-
main on the G. o. P. ticket.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
Captive Nations

That treatment was mild, now
ever, in comparison to the blast
which Mr.. Khrushchev ignited
upon his return from a good will
tour of Poland. Referring to a
recent Presidential proclamation
urging observance Of Captive
Nations Week." he called such
tactics rude" interference in the
internal affairs of the Communist
bloc.
Mr.. Khrushchev angrily de-
clared that the observance was
the result of growing American
fears of the Soviet Union. The
Soviet camp has never been 80
solid and powerful as now" he
added.
His outburst-repeated and ex-
banded by the Soviet press-was
regarded in Western circles as
Cd A propaganda trick to becloud
the atmosphere surrounding the
exposition, and (2) A natural re-
action of Soviet sensitivity over
the status of their satellite coun-
tries. Those nations are widely
regarded among Western leaders
as the Achilles heel of the Soviet
bloc.
Strangely enough, the Presi-
dents proclamation, issued at the
request of Congress, had attracted
little attention anywhere else in
the world. 1t was one of many
such propaganda maneuvers in
the continuing cold war and APP
parently fell coincidentally on the
date of Mr.. NiXons visit.
The Vice President, no new
conner to difficult situations, met
the challenge head on. Memorizing
folk sayings-a favorite device of
the Soviet Premier. reviewing the
background of Soviet affairs and
even learning a little Russian, he
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
Democrats:
Public Truce

1--WE wanted everybody to know
that the three of us weren't
f1ghtin' and scratchin' at each
other"
With these words, spoken last
Friday by House Speaker Sam
Rayburn. public truce was called
in the "feud" between Democratic
National Chairman Paul Butler
and the party'S congressional
leaders.
Mr.. Butler dropped by Mr.. Ray
burns Office for an hour-long
meeting with the Speaker and
Senate Democratic Leader Lyndon
johnson. Then the three Demo-
cratic chieftans met the press
Continued on Page ca
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-07-26
THE NATIONAL SCENE
The White House
'Backgrounder'

fident that there will be a budget
surplus for the current fiscal year
and determined to present Con-
gress with another balanced
budget for fiscal 1861.
At his Wednesday news con-
ference the President expanded
on some Of the points.
He declined to go further in
his assessment of Nelson Rookie
Teller, noting that he does not
have the same relationship" with
the Governor that he has with
the Vice President, whom he has
often praised in public.
He said Monday nights dinner
was an experiment" which he
would probably try again. White
House reporters, delighted at their
new intimacy with the Chief Elk
ecutive, were hopeful that he
would,