davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19
Segregation:
Close Victory

Virginia's newly charted course
Of moderation in the painful re-
treat from massive resistance faced
a crucial test last week and won
a crucial victory.
The moment of crisis for Gov.
Almond and hackers of the Per-
row commission plan came Friday
on the floor of the State Senate.
The margin of victory over die
hard segregationists was one vote.
The showdown came on a bold
parliamentary maneuver designed
by the Gov. Almond forces to by
pass the hostile Education Com
mittee, which had killed a pupil
placement bill earlier in the week.
The plan to restore to local
communities the right to assign
pupils to public schools is the
heart of the Perrow commission
proposals. 1t was passed by the
House of Delegates Thursday by
a vote of 1916.
The strategy devised by the
Almond forces in the Senate was
10 bring the bill before the full
membership of the upper chamber,
without reference to the Educa-
ton Committee.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19

Is aloof and distant, that his
swivel chair route to the pres
idency gives him no real kinship
with the blister BELLE"
rank-and-flle who face the fur
naces every day.
Mr.. Mcdonald lives in an I'M
pretentious seVen-room fleldstone
house in Mount Lebanon, a Pitts
burgh suburb. His roots 60 deep
into the steel industry and the
labor movement. He came into the
world on raw November day in
1902, while his sh-immigrant
father was walking a picket-line
in the nearby Hardwood suburb
as a member Of the Amalgamated
Association of Iron, Steel and Tin
Workers.
On his mothers side of the
family, his picket line pedigree is
even more impressive. She was
the daughter of an officer of the
Sons of Vulcan, an early ironcraft
union, and both her brothers we're
ardent union men. Mcdonald still
recalls having to face the family's
wrath when he dated a girl whose
father had scabbed 20 years
before"
Sent to parochial school and a
two-year commercial course at
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19

lea grows and the demand for
steel increases, and the methods
of producing it change, new job
opportunities must be found. Man.
agement and labor, working to-
gether, can help find them"
Inside Union GrumbIines
His fervent belief in the mutual
truSteeship of labor and manage
ment has led to some of the
grumblings within his union.
His career began in 1923. when
he went to work for Phil Murray
as his personal secretary for $285
a month, considerable improve
ment over the $50 he had been
drawing as mill clerk.
Mr.. Murray at the time was
vice president of John L. Lewis
United Mine Workers. Young
David followed him faithfully and
admiringly through the tumult-
uous coal field wars of the '30S,
and helped him organize the
steel companies when Lewis
branched out. Mcdonald had an
important seat at the conference
table when Murray negotiated the
first contract with United States
Steel in 1887.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19
Old Procedure Used

In a parliamentary maneuver
that had not been employed in
rs years, the Senate voted, after
a pitched floor battle, to turn it.
self into a committee of the whole
to consider the House passed bill.
The decisive vote was 20-l9. in
an atmosphere cracking with
drama.
Senator Stuart B. Carter of
Fincastle, still recovering from
recent surgery. was flown to Rich
mond to cast the tie-breaking
vote when the 1919 deadlock be-
came apparent on Thursday.
The result was heavy blow to
the hard corps of massive re-
sisters in the State Legislature
who look on the Perrow plan as
capitulation to the integrationists.
The pupil-placement proposal
would give local school boards
the power to assign students to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19

Senator Kennedy, Democrat of MGSSG-
chusetts, himself Drittng man, is gaining a
reputation for the QuGntity-dnd Qudlity-of
learned references In his political speeches.
Last meek in tiDo addresses in Wisconsin he
quoted these:
SHAKESPEARE-The content of those dar-
ing White House messages Con variety of issues
remind me of the exhortation from King Lear
that goes:
'I will do such things-that they are yet I
know not-but they shall be. the terrors of
the earth"
VERNON LOUIS PARRINGTON-Of popular
slogans in political campaign in 1829-"1t was
battle between homsespun and broadcloth for con-
troll of the Government"
JUSTICE OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES
whether we sail with the wind or against the
wind we must above all set sail-and not drift
or lie at anchor"
ARTEMAS WARD-"I am not a politician
and my other habits are good also"
ROBERT E. SHERWOOD-Upon the occasion
of the Republicans moving out Of the White
House in 1888:
Flooding feet
Tramp-tramp;
The Grand Old Party's
Breaking camp
Blare of bugeS, din-dln,
The New Deal is moving in
FINLEY PETER DUNNE-Describing Amer
lean polticians-"Fine, strong American citizens
with their hands on the pulse OF the people
and their free forearm against the windpipe."
SIDNEY HOOK-"Many intenectuals would
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19
Taxes:
Another April

The idea of a Federal tax on
personal incomes was conceived by
Abraham Lincoln in 1861 as an
emergency solution to the financial
problems created by the heavy
cost of the Civil War.
Congress agreed, after some
spirited debate, to go along with
the Presidential proposal despite
its dubious constitutionality. The
first Federal income tax, 8 per cent
on all incomes over $500 a year,
was levied in 1862.
The original law was repealed
in 1872 and a subsequent effort by
the Federal Government to return
to the income tax field was de-
clared unconstitutional by the
Supreme Court in 1895. The
grounds: the Federal Government
had no authority under the Con-
stitution to impose direct tax on
citizens of the United States.
This dilemma was eventually
resolved, in 1918, by the Sixteenth
Amendment.
THE Congress shall have pow
er to lay and collect taxes on in
comes, from whatever source de-
rived, without apportionment
among the several States. and
without regard to any census or
enumeration.
That opened the gates. The per-
sonal income tax now produces
some $40 billion a year for Uncle
Sam and pays approximately half
of the cost Of the Federal budget
The annual day of reckoning
came last Wednesday for the
American taxpayer.
The total number of returns
flied this year, by estimate Of the
Internal Revenue Service, was 81
million
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19

at the request of the House Ways
and Means Committee, the De-
partment of Health, Education
and Welfare supplied detailed es-
Inmates Of the cost Of such a
program.
The figures:
Q The annual cost Of adequate
disqualification protection to per-
sons drawing Social Security bene-
fits would be about 81 billion.
Q An increase Of at least one-half
per cent would be required in the
Social Security payroll tax to pay
for the program
The report submitted by Secre-
tary Flemming made no recon-
mendatlons for or against such a
plan. There is little prospect Of
any congressional action before
next year, at the earliest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19
Court Chances Good

It's strength lies in the fact that
it has a good chance Of standing
up in court. Several other South
ern States have similar plans in
operation, in the hope that they
will survive the scrutiny Of the
Supreme Court.
The Senate will meet as a COM
mittee of the whole tomorrow to
begin public hearings on the pupil
placement proposal. Final pas
sage is expected by a margin Of
several votes.
The House has already acted
on several less controversial fea-
lures of the Perrow Commission
package of is bills and will take
up others tomorrow.
Among the proposals it APP
proved last week was the COM
pulsory attendance bill, which
would allow any parent to with
draw his child from school on
simple grounds of conscientious
objection to his attendance.
The Perrow plan would also
provide scholarships up to $3.50
for children attending non-sec-
tartan private schools.
The parliamentary maneuvers
employed to keep the pupil place
ment plan out of the Senate
Education Committee brought out
ragged cries from the bloc of
massive reSistors in the upper
chamber.
They were denounced as a
very. very dangerous" precedent
by Senator Harry F. Byrd, jr. His
father, member Of the United
States Senate and the leader Of
Virginia's retreating massive re-
Sistance movement. has taken no
public stand on the showdown
in the State Legislature.
From Gov. Almond came this
statement after Fridays victory:
Il am gratified at the progress
of the legislation.
II certainly hope any bitterness
that may have developed vii dis
appear can assure you. have
none in my heart"
The eyes of the South were or
Virginia last week. as they were
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19

when massive resistance crumpled
with the peaceful Indignation of
schools in Arlington, Alexandria
and Norfolk in January.
The extent to which the Perrow
plan becomes the law of Vir-
GINA will have strong influence
on other Southern States still
struggling for a moderate" Solu-
ton to a crisis that will be five
years old next month.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19
Security:
Old Age

There are approximately Is
million persons in the United
States SIS years Of age or over.
For many of them the cost Of
disqualification and medical care
is a critical problem that can be
met to only a limited degree by
participation in private insurance
plans.
Numerous proposals have been
introduced in Congress to extend
Social Security benefits to cover
Mathematical care. Last week,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19
THE NATIONAL SCENE

specific schools under stipulations
set by the State Board Of Educa-
ton.
Its effect would be to put in
tegration on a local option"
basis that would give segregation
ist-minded communities a way to
keep most Negro pupils out Of
white schools.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19
deadline of midnight, April is. +
put his return in the mail.

deadline of midnight, April is, to
put his return in the mail.
One interesting sidelight:
The number Of taxpayers asking
the Government for help in filing
out their returns dropped by about
rs per cent this year. The figure
apparently reflected the success
of the teaching taxes" program
inaugurated by the Internal Reve-
nue. Service seven years ago.
Some rs million high school
and college students have taken
the course to learn how to make
out tax forms. Many Of them,
apparently, have taken on the
Job of making out returns for
friends and parents.
Another factor was the new
regulation permitting 10 million
additional taxpayers to file the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19
BY NORMAN JEROME

North American Newspaper Alliance
NEW YORK. Drug addiction
among doctors is causing concern
in the profession itself.
Medical men, who theoretically
know the dangers Of dope better
than any other group, today have
an addiction rate 100 times greater
than that Of United States society
in general.
1t is estimated that there is one
case Of drug addiction per 10000
representatives Of society as a
whole; among doctors, the rate Is
one in every 100.
And in England, where drug adj
diction is not a felony. some rs
per cent Of the victims are doctors
or other health workers.
Says DR.. Harris Isbell, director
of the United States Public Health
service hospital in Lexington. KY,
where thousands Of drug addicts
have been treated:
Scarcely q week passes that
q physician who is a demerol adj
dict is not admitted to our insti-
tuition" Demerol is a drug COM
monty used to relieve pain.
Even Deems Addicted
Detroit's DR.. ]. Dewitt Fox said
that at one eastern hopsital re-
Gently, "a regular epidemic" Of
drug addiction broke out. "The
interns at this institution were
taking to dope like ducks to wa
ter. Within the space Of a few
years, five interns ended up as
addicts. Two died tragically, one
addicted his wife.
Sven professors and deans Of
medical schools, the shining ex-
amples to students, are succumb-
ing to this insidious disease" he
said.
Following a detailed study Of
scores of physicians admitted for
dope addiction to the United
States Public Health Service Hos
pital at Fort Worth, Tex, officials
were able to draw this picture of
the average drug-addicted doctor:
He Is married, has two children,
practices in a small urban or
rural community. He starts taking
narcotics at the age Of SO. and
his habit lasts Is years, during
which time he makes three volun-
tary efforts to shake it" six
months after hospital treatment,
q per cent of the doctor addicts
are back on drugs.
How do doctors become adj
dicted?
To borrow from George Bernard
Shaw, they have the maximum
temptation combined with maxi
mum opportunity. Working long,
irregular and unpredictable hours
of the day and night, doctor may
feel the need for the fast physical
and mental lift" which is a chief
attraction of narcotics.
Eosy Access
In addition, doctors have COM
paratively easy access to drugs.
Many say that they believed they
knew enough about the dangers OF
dope to avoid becoming dependent
on it.
But one doctor-addict recently
explained to a physician friend in
Michigan, during my student
days, not a single professor told
us a word about narcotics ad-
diction. We had plenty OF lectures
on how to prescribe narcotics. but
not a word on the personal
dangers. it's time the profess
sors of medicine stop taking 1t for
granted that young, inexperienced
medical students knoweeyerything
they should know. :"
The doctor who develops q
chronic, painful disease is likely
to become susceptible. He may
try to carry on his work sched-
ule, overcoming his discomfort
with drugs until he is chained
to the habit.
But DR.. Isbell notes, I'VE al
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19
PORTRAIT or A UNION LEADER
/ Mcdonald: Man Of Si|k-and Steel

Holy Cross High, Mr.. Mcdonald
went to work at Is when his
father was crippled in q steel mill
accident and bed-ridden for 10
months. Limp and all. dad went
back on the job and worked until
his final killing illness at r." Mr..
Mcdonald remembers with q trace
Of bitterness. There was no work.
mems compensation or retirement
programs in those days"
Perhaps as q result Of these
experiences. Mr.. Mcdonald places
heavy emphasis on retirement
provisions In his contract talks.
He was one Of the first labor
leaders to win q pension increase
for workers long retired and has
appointed q committee to study
methods Of using oldsters in union
recruiting campaigns. The USW,
In locals from Labrador to Pana-
ma. runs pension clubs. old folks
dances and encourages its re-
tired members to do political ac-
ton work.
'"This Is the century Of the
children" says Mcdonald. There
are literally thousands Of groups
constantly applying themselves to
the problems Of youth. but very
few interested in the problems
brought about by o longer life
span. A retired steel worker re-
mains q member of our union.
We are not going to let the rising
cost Of living void his pension"
Foe of Communism
Mr.. Mcdonald is against gov
eminent ownership of steel mills
and unalterably opposed to COM
munism. Dynamic capitalism to
me is the best way Of life for
mankind"
After battling nightly to toss
the Communists out of his own
union, Mr.. Mcdonald played a big
role in the breakup Of the Com
munist-dominated world fedora
ton Of trade union. He has
preached against communism to
labor groups all over the world
And his travels have accounted fol
good bit Of his time in recent
years.
On q recent trip to Australia,
Mr.. Mcdonald made headlines by
saying communism is for the
birds" in answer to a reporter
opening question. Later, in Hong
Kong, he drove up a mountain
road in a driving rain storm to
the wire-fenced frontier that
marks the start of the bamboo
curtain, got out to thumb his nose
vehemently. then drove back to
town.
II have been a constant target
of Communist abuse" says Mr.
Mcdonald. IF they ever took over
here, I'd last about as long as 9
BatiSta general"
A Frustroted Actor
At Sc, Mr.. Mcdonald is still
handsome, keen Of eye (grey-blue)
and trim of figure (6 feet, l95
pounds, keeps in shape with a
killing work schedule and occa-
sional blitz diets eight prunes a
day.. He's also a frustrated actor
who studied drama at Carnegie
Tech and once flirted with q
Warner Bros. screen test. Always
he brings ready wit, swift repair
tee and deft argumentative skills
to the bargaining table, but Nc
Donald has no illusions about
where the real work is DONE"
"Our current three-year con-
tract" he says, runs to severa
hundred pages, but it was f1rst
written in long hand on two sheets
of hotel stationary. It's been thai
way at every conference I attend
ed since 1924. In the end it al
boilS down to the two head men
one from each side, getting TO-
gether in a hotel room and say
ing "All right now this is how i
will be.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19
BY HUGH A. MULLIGAN
Associated Press star Writer

Associated Press stan Writer
PrTTSBURGH.-From his Office
windows on the 18th floor Of the
Commonwealth Building, David
Mcdonald, president Of the United
Steelworkers, can see his life and
career laid before him as II In q
Museum diorama.
In the forefront. Just beyond
the glass, rises the cleaning AZ
story United States Steel sky
scraper. lair Of a familiar foe
whom he will face soon again In
contract negotiations that may af-
feet the economy Of a nation
Beyond. along the banks Of the
muddy Monongahela. rise the
smoke-furled stacks Of the sprawl
ing Jones g. Laughlin works. where
he worked as q boy for 20 cents
an hour and where a goodly num-
Der Of his union members now
average SO an hour, plus fringe
benefits, and look to him for q
sizeable increase in the coming
steel talks.
Further down river, hazy and
smoke dimmed in the afternoon
sunlight, rise the clustered stacks
ofsthe rolling mills at McKeesport,
home Of the foe within. Here
lives and tolls Don Rarick. an al
most unknown furnace tender who
made labor history by running
against Mr.. Mcdonald for presi-
dent in opposition to 50 dues
hike. Mr.. Rarick got one out Of
every three official votes, and now
has gone before the courts ana
the Mcclellan committee in hopes
Of proving that he actually won.
Will Negotiate Contract
All these pieces will be fitted
into the picture when the 56-year-
old Mcdonald, one Of the shrewd-
est negotiators in the business.
takes his seat at the conference
table to discuss what will happen
when the Steelworkers' three-year
contract expires on June 80.
II guarantee won't be in that
negotiation room two hours before
I know whether there is going to
be strike" the silver-haired boss
Of the Steelworkers recently told
q cheering district conference.
Perhaps he already knows, just
from looking out the window. The
questions are all there, waiting for
answers.
The fact that there is smoke
streaming from the stack means
the mills are rolling again after a
recession layoff. How badly does
industry want to stay in produce
tionf
1t also means that the rank and
file have money in their pockets
again and can meet payments on
the house and car. Will they risk
a strike and another layof for
better contract terms?
And the painful fact that Rarick
and his rebels still flourish. despite
a setback at the recent Atlantic
City convention when they at
tempted to force election rather
than appointment of union staff
personnel, raises the question of
whether Mcdonald needs a big
wage boost to boost his own stock
in the IL million member union.
Question Of Automotion
Looming larger than all Others
Is the question of automation. a
problem staring at all big indus
trial unions.
I'm in favor of anything that
will take work off mems backs
and put it on their minds" he
said in an interview. Industrial
change has always been with US,
1t was one of the first major
problems that confronted us when
we started out in 1887. The hand
sheet mills were being closed and
the high speed strip mills coming
in. We are used to this. AS Amer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19

Continued From Page CT
out, it will be a summons to in
tegrity and courage" said Mr..
Hoover.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19
More Self Reliance?

AS usual, about one taxpayer
in 10, or six million in all. waited
until the last 4S hours before the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19

simplest form, the postcard-sized
l040 A.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-19
How They're Detected

wv" 'uSJ 'S SStS(AS0
Doctors who take dope usually
are discovered not because q
patient detects any unusual be-
havior, but because the physician
tries to hide his trouble by charg-
ing off to various patients the
narcotics he is himself consuming.
It's not long before the increase
in the amount of drugs the doctor
is prescribing is noted by a mar
cotics agent, who starts investi-
eating the why's and wherefores.
Druggists are quick to notice
any abnormality in the number Of
narcotic doses prescribed by any
physician" according to the late
DR.. Hubert S. Howe, chairman Of
the Narcotic Subcommittee Of the
New York Academy Of Medicine.
Doctors lose their licenses more
often because an irregularity in
their prescriptions is noticed than
because anyone notices that they
themselves seem to be under the
influence Of narcotics"
DR.. Fox advises fellow physician
to avert 1.-The insidious danger Of
addiction" by avoiding exec
fatigue, alcohol and worry; re-
member Benjamin Franklins
aphorism The man who treats
himself has a fool for a doctor"
In addition. says DR.. Fox, doc
tors should take a moment every
DAY TO mediate on the blessings
God has given them. Best OF
all" they should breathe a prayer
for God to keep their hands of
any narcotic!"
Evening star., 1959-06-04
WHERE
AND WHEN
Current Theater Attractions
and Time Of Showing

Stage
National-"Sunrise at Camp
obello"; $50 pm.
Ambassador - THE Young
Philadelphians";; 1880. 4:05.
6::35 and 9:lO.
CapitOl-"Some Like 1t Hot:
IL am, los, 3:15,. 5:25, 7:35
and 9:45 pm.
Columbia "Compulsion";;
'i1:40 am, 1:40, $40, $40, 7:40
and 9:45 pm.
Dupont THE Gunfighter";;
l:55. 4:45, 1885 and 1890 pm.
Keith's - Pork Chop Hill;
IL 20 am. 1:25, $3.50, $40, 7:45
and $50 pm.
M a cArthur THE Two
Headed Spy; 6:15, 8 and $50
pm.
Metropolitan - "The Young
Philadelphians";; 1880 am,
1:55, 4:25, 6:55 and 9:25 pm.
Ontario-"Room at the Top;
I, $40. $40, 7::35 and GAS pm.
Palace "A Woman OBJ
sessed"; 1880 am, 1885, 3::35,
6:35, 1885 and 9:40 pm.
Playhouse blackboard jun
gle"; 1:20, $40 and 9:20 pm.
Plaza-"Love Is My Profess
SION; 11:40 am, 1:40, 3:45,
$50. 7:55 and 10 pm.
Town - The Last Mile: IL
am. l:50. 4:40, 7:35 and 1925
pm.
Trans-Lux-"It Happened to
Jane; 1850 am, 1850. $3.50.
$50, 7::50 and $50 pm.
Uptown - Dairy Of Anne
Frank; $3.50 pm.
Warner-"South Seas Adven-
ture"; $3.50 pm.
Evening star., 1959-06-04

Marcel wants very much TO be-
come an immortal. but he's
afraid he'll get IT,"
One Of Achard's feuds was
with Jean Paul Sartre, who had
announced he wasn't interested
In writing plays unless they
had social meaning. ''If Mr..
Sartre wants to write only for
a very small audience, let him. /"
said Achard. "As for myself,
I'm interested only In big au-
diences--and you will find
them only by telling human
stories about simple people,
not by making speeches"
THE ANIMAL KINGDOM:
When "Tarzan's Greatest Ad-
venture" was filmed in Nairobi.
director John GuilermIn hired
See LYONS DEN, Page F-7