davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1959-02-27
THE NEGRO IN
THE FIELD
OF INVENTION
BY GERALD N. LEW

1t is a common belief even to-
day, that the black in Africa, was
a wild untutored savage, who was
disciplined to civilized ways, by
his white master Of the South.
Hundreds of books have been writ
ten to prove his assertion. have
taken from the shelves Of the Con-
gressional Library in Washington,
D. c. books with such titles as,
us the Negro Human ?" THE Ne
gro a Beast, both written by a
southern white minister named
Schufelt. Other books following
the same line such as the "Leop-
ards Spots" by Thomas Dixon, and
other books of kindred stripe by
Nelson Paige, and pseudo histor-
ian Phillips. These works and kind
red publications, seek but to obs
cure the past, and make the Negro
"udL ne Is NOT.
Contrary to popular belief, the
Negro has background rich in
cultural and creative heritage. Ac.
cording to v. F. Calverton, writ
ing in America Today" quote
IF the Negroes past was better
known, there would be fewer at,
tempts to prove his biological in
feriority. Emil Tonday said, that
in the light Of the Negroes contri,
button to ancient culture, quote
1--WE are indebted to the Negro for
the very keystone of modern civil.
ization, and we owe to him, the
discovery of iron"
Education In West Africa
AS late as 1892, all through West
Africa, the Negroes had establish.
ed many centers of learning. Ir
these schools and universities
courses were given in rhetoric
logic, eloquence, diction, arithme,
tic, hygiene, medicine, prosody
ethnography, music and astron'
omy. Professors were exchanged
with many European schools.
Sudanese University of Tankors
in Timbuctoo, was equal in achieve
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1959-02-27
so the work was finished.


Along with all this he had time
to publish an Almanac, which
found much use and praise, because
of its completeness. To Banneker
goes the credit for making the
first clock in America. Working
with the most imperfect of tools,
he nevertheless constructed an
instrument which not only kept
time accurately, but struck the
hours as well. Looking at your
clock, as it ticks the hours away,
remember Benjamin Banneker, a
freeman, working in and giving
contributions to AMERICA.
Many inventions were made by
slaves. It is claimed but not sub
ject to verification, that slaves
either invented or gave to Eli
Whitney, valuable suggestions for
the cotton gin. What a moment
GUS and revolutionary invention
this was, can only be visualized
by the knowledge that on its work
is largely based the cotton spin
ming industry of the world. 1t also
made slavery, BIG BUSINESS,
only to be done away with after
years of bloody conflict.
Blair, First To Receive A Patent
The first Negro to receive a
patent was a Henry Blair, Of
Maryland, who in 1884 or '36 was
issued a patent on a corn harvest
err. Having been issued a patent,
it is logical to conclude that he
was a free man, as it was impos-
sible for slave to secure a patent.
It is a matter of record that in
1859, after the passage of the in
famous bred Scott Decision, the
Patent Office refused a Negro of
Boston, a patent on the ground
that according to the decision he
was not a citizen of the United
States and therefore could not
have a patent issued to him. What
contrast in this picture to the
granting and holding Of patents by
foreigners, who now have a grip
on some of our vital instruments.
In 1861, Chas. Sumner, fighting
Abolitionist, fighting to rectify
this injustice, offered the following
resolution in the Senate
solved:-That the Committee
on Patents and the Patent Office,
be directed to consider if any fur
Their legislation is necessary in ord
er to secure to persons of African
descent, in our country the right
to take out patents for useful in
ventions, under the constitution of
the United States.
Committee made no report. In
1862, the Attorney General in issu-
ing a passport to a free man of
color for foreign travel ruled that
free man of color" born in the
United States was a citizen.
Montgomery Founded Mt. Bayou,
Miss.
Benjamin T. Montgomery, a
slave of jefferson Davis, was re-
fused a patent on a steam boat
propeller. This propeller, radical
in design was destined to do much
in improving the speed and effici-
ency of river boats. Jeff Davis
recognized this, so much so, that
when he came into the presidency
Of the Confederate States, he had
the following passed concerning
the assignment of interest to Mas
ter.
It is interesting to note that b.
T. Montgomery was father of Is
aih T. Montgomery, founder of
Mound Bayou, Miss. and the Mont
gomery homestead the former
Taf
In the days of sailing vessels
when the Yankee Clipper" ruled
the waves, the sea-coast of Maine
held first place in the building and
launching of fleet ships. In 1922,
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1959-02-27
IL Killed In One Building

Robt. BENZ. Lewis, of Gardiner,
Mo. invented a machine for picking
oakum. This material was very
important in caulking seams, so
as to make a vessel seaworthy.
This machine in all its essential
particulars is still used by ship
building interests in Maine.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1959-02-27
Negroes Hardest
Hit BY Tornado
In 81. louis

st. Louis (ANP)-The sudden
and unexpected tornado which Wis
tied the city in the early morning
hours last week vented its fury
chiefly upon Negroes who lived in
the Crestwood- Blackwood area, ap-
proximately 2h miles from the
business district which had the
first taste.
OF the % known dead, 20 were
Negroes - eight being children.
More than $50 persons were in
jured, II seriously, and it is re-
ported that seven are known to be
missing.
Strikes without Warning
The tornado struck without
warning at 2:20 am. and within
three minutes had left a trail of
dead, injured and wreckag e
throughout a 3o-block long area
on the city's southwest side. I'm
touched was the western and
northern areas of the city.
After clipping the business sec
ton, in which 20 business houses
were demolished and 423 suffered
damages, the twister skipped more
than two miles away to the resi-
Dental district, to destroy Fl null
tiple dwellings, damage 124o, as
well as ripping away at 10 single
dwellings.
The advent of the tornado had
not been predicted by the Weather
Bureau-which came in for cen
soring from the local civil defense
uthorities-because bureau offic-
ials said meterologist reports in
dicated nothing more than thun'
derstorms with high wind. They
attributed failure to give early
warning to the fact that the tor
nado actually developed in the
metropolitan area and was gone
before anything could be done
Bureau officials say it is hard tc
forecast on a local, pin-point basis
The latest twister recalled two
earlier ones which visited them
selves upon the city-in 1926 anc
1927-exactly 81 years and foul
months apart. According to a st
Louis university meterologist, al
three occurred near the end of
sunset cycle, when sunspot activity
is at it's peak. The cycles usually
last IL years but are sometimes
less. There are three cycles eacf
of less than IL years duration
between the three tornados.
IL Killed In One Building
Principal loss of life occurred
| in a three-story brick and frame
house on the southwest of Whit
tier and Delmar. At least IL per
sons were killed in the building
and firemen, burrowing through
the compressed wreckage uncoV'
cred IT persons. According to city
officials, only 10 persons were sup
posed to be living in the building
Six members of one family were
killed in the building. Two remain
ing members, both children, were
rescued, apparently uninjured. and
taken to Homer G. Phillips hos
pital.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1959-02-27

the bombings of churches, syna-
gogues, schools and private homes
by die hard racists. Two of the
bombings occurred in schools
where degeneration was under
way without any over incident.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1959-02-27

1858 saw the establishment of
the indepent African state Of
Guinea and the historic meeting
Of the African Peoples Congress
in Ghana, which re-affirmed the
determination of the colored peo-
Piles Of the world to secure their
rights. A message from DR.. WEB
Dubois, one of the initiators of
the Pan-African movement was
read by his wife, author Shirley
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1959-02-27

(JuniOr and Senior High SCHOOL,
Blanton, Catherine; Hold Fast
To Your Dreams. Messner, 1855.
Bontemps, Arna; We Have To
morrow. Houghton Miffin, 1855.
Graham, Shirley; There Once
Was A Slave. Messner, 1947.
Graham Shirley; Your Humble
Servant (Story of Benjamin Ban
neker). Messner, 1949.
Howard, Elizabeth; North Winds
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1959-02-27

In 1862 a Conferate 300 ton
steamer, the Planter, was captured
by group of Negroes under Rob-
ert Smalls and piloted to the Union
command off Charleston in one Of
the most dramatic naval exploits
of the Civil War.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1959-02-27
News In Brief for 1858

On Nov. Is, Roman Catholic
Bishops of the United States
called upon responsible and sober
minded citizens" to take leadership
in the fight for Interrogation. On the
same day, the Council of Metho-
dist Bishops reaffirmed the support
it had given to the May IT, 1854
decision and urged their people
Ito accept the ruling Of the courts
white clergymen from Atlanta,
in good faith" On Nov. %, 312
called upon the South to accept
the Supreme Courts Indignation
decision.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1959-02-27

Arthur S. Flemming, Secretary
of Health, Education and Welfare,
released statistics that, as Of Dec.
l, about 16,4OO young people al
ready had missed 81 to So school
days as a result Of school closings
a total of almost 100000 pupil
days
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1959-02-27

Graham.
1859 Progress Edition - Sinclair Z
Progress in misunderstanding
May 81, Negroes sat alongside
whites as New Orleans buses were
integrated. At the end of Novem-
knocked out a state law banning
sports contests in which members
of different races were engaged.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1959-02-27
Blow Free. Morrow, 1919.

Also on the negative side were
, 1959-02-17
GROCERIES N OTHER
COMMODITIES

The Government reserves
the right to reject any or all
bids, to waive any i~nformality
in bids, and unless otherwise
specified by the Government
81 BY the bidder, to accept any
item il the bid
Copies Of invitation to bid
may be obtained from the Di-
vision Of Procurement, Chris
tiansted, St. croix, Virgin IS
lands.
Daniel ". ambrose
Commissioner Of Property
and Procurement.
per:
AlphOnsO Romney
Administrative Assistant IT
#.
Division Of Procurement
81, Croix, VI /.
l4-16-17
, 1959-02-17
CALL FOR BIDS

Sealed bids, in quadrupli-
cate, viii be received at the
Department of Property & Pro
curement, Division Of Pro-
curement, Christiansted, ST.
'Croix, Virgin Islands, until
100 A. M. March 6, 1859, and
then publicly opened for the
following:
, 1959-02-17
A WIEsNER & co.
Real Estate

minute from the golf course !.
perfect for farming or subdivid-
ing. Wonderful view Of the sea.
Refreshing breeze. AT the astonish
ingly low price Of only $1,000.
ACT NOW III
LA GRANGE Only one mile
from the beach. TWO really beau
tiful homesites with plenty Of
gardening area left over. NINE
AND ONE HALF acres for only
$4,000!
Less than two miles from the
christiansted p est Office 4!
BUILDING LOTS along a paved
highway Size 100 K 100 for only
1896 each. Time payments pos
~
sible II!
A As acre farm absolutely COM
plete with truck, tractor, huge.
steel structure, even to planted
and growing crops. A real bar
gain. INVESTIGATE
Approximately three acres of
lovely land in RATTAN Wonder
full view Of the Caribbean. Has
about three excellent homesites
Full price $4,000.
Betty Shaw Wood Grace Bigger
Andy Lang, Jr. Peg Wiesner
Frank Wiesner
FRANK WIEsNER 4 co.
Corner Queen q Church
Christiansted Phone 24SW
, 1959-02-17

Your inspection is invited. Mail your offerl9 VIII your
Name, Address & Phone No. to-:
RoBsT Z. MERWIN & INC.
Frederiksted, st. Croix N. +
All offers submitted will be considered and win be sub
jected to our final approval.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15
British Mail Union
Asks Paternity Leave

LONDON. May IS tAPl.-
The British Post once Workers
Union Is going 10 press the
postmaster general for pater.
nifty leave for lis male mem
bers.
A woman member. Mrs
Madge Jones, made the pro-
poSal nc the unions annual
conference. II was adopted
over the objections OF the union
executive council.
Elderly Bill Marshall. head
OF the union legal and medical
department, pointed out that
the post ONCE already allow
up TO six days paid emergency
leave for family medical crises
1T is not practicable 10 ask
the post Office for more" said
Mr.. Marshall.
1T is easy for him 10 say
that" Mrs. Jones told the dele
gates representing 10000 post
Office workers. But he is not
a man of 20 or 80 trying to
build a home.
Many young parents do not
have mum or aunty or any
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15
Food Bocterio Blamed
In Unionists' Poisoning

biological investigation was con-
Quoted by researchers from the
services Communicable Disease
Center in Atlanta.
The findings Of both groups
pointed to the English strain of
bacteria.
Unknown Food Culprits
At present, the Public Health
Service says, the causes of
about 100 of the more than 200
food poisoning episodes re-
ported annually in this country
are unknown.
Researchers now feel that
many of these may be caused
by clostridium perfringens.
Further tests are being made by
the Walter Reed Army Medical
Center and in London by DR..
Barbara Hobbs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15

10 return Al night. He was
admitted % the hospital for the
fourth time after a civil pro-
eeedlng before the Mental
Health Commission following
testimony he suffered from
chronic schizophrenic reaction.
Or. Manson Petit. clinical
director &C 81. Ellzabeths said
Murray had been confined full
time 70 a security ward since
police began questioning him,
Or. Petit emphasized that pa
tients are only permitted 10
leave the hospital grounds
after careful examinations In
dieate a safe degree Of recovery.
500 Go Out Daily
give hundred persons leave
the hospital every day and II Is
remarkable how little trouble
there u.s." the doctor said. How
ever, the patients must be held
responsible for whatever trouble
they cause outside. he added.
Just being in the hospital
does not make people immune
from the law" DR.. Petit said,
Mr.. Graham told police a
man who matched Murray In
clothing and looks came up be-
hind him and placed an arm
around his neck. telling him
This is a holdup. I'm going
10 stab you" Mr.. Graham said
he resisted and the aSsailant
fed after he had stabbed him
in the side with a nut picker
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15
Newell Ellison Named
GNU Board Chairman

Newell w. Ellison. Washing
ton attorney, has been elected
chairman Of the George WASH
ington University Board OF
Trustees succeeding Robert v.
Fleming. who held the position
for nearly % years.
Mr.. Fleming, chairman OF the
board Of Riggs National Bank,
had served as the university
board chairman longer than
any other man. He had asked
10 be relieved OF the duties,
but will continue as an active
board member.
In appreciation OF his long
service. the board conferred on
Mr.. Fleming the title Of chair
man emeritus.
Mr.. Ellison. senior partner in
the law firm Of Covington and
Burline. has been a member Of
the board since 1913, serving as
assistant secretary and secre-
tary. He took both his
bachelors and law degrees at
the university.
Mr.. Ellison has been active in
District Bar Association duties.
as well as the American Bar
Association. and was chairman
Of the District Board Of Elec-
lions in 1856.
At its annual meeting yes
terday, the board also elected
E. K. Morris, president of the
Federal Storage Co.. and presi-
dent Of the Washington Board
Of Trade, as secretary.
Municipal Court Judge God
rey L. Munter was named as
sistant secretary.
Three new trustees were
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15
Warrant 0Kd
For Arrest in
ST. EIizabefhs

A warrant was issued yes
terday for the arrest OF a st
kiizabeths Hospital patient as
a suspect IN an assault and
attempted robbery.
The arrest would break
precedent here. Until now
Washington police delayed ar
rest OF ST. Elizabeths patients
who we're crime suspects until
they had recovered from their
mental ailments.
The warrant Is for John
Lewis Murray, 20 OF Fairfax
Va. a patient IN the hospital
since December
He has been identified BY
William Graham, SO. as TIRE
man who yokee him at 1886
pm. May 6 rear his home In
the 500 block OF lie Baum street
Sc. police sara. Murray has
denied the accusation.
Conference Planned
Police plan to confer with
hospital officials today before
they decide whether or not 10
arrest Murray.
I'VE cannot harbor criminals
over there. 1t is dangerous and
we ought to proceed against
Murray" Assistant United
States Attorney Edmond T.
DAILY declared. Mr.. Daley pre-
pared the warrant after con-
ferring with United States
Attorney Oliver Gasch. Mu-
nicipal Court Judge Thomas c
Scalley signed it.
Murray had been permitted
to leave the hospital daily fol-
several weeks, but was required
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15

Investigators have traced the
cause of the food poisoning
outbreak which struck more
than 100 persons on a Toledo
to-Washington train early last
month.
"A species of bacterium
which causes about Is per cent
of all fooo poisoning cases in
England has been identified
from specimens collected from
the train, the United States
Public Health Service reported
today
known as clostridium per-
fringens, the bacteria have not
been considered a hazard in
this country, and most labora-
tories here are not equipped
to identify the species.
Labor Delegation Hit
More than 100 delegates to
ansAFL-CIO conference on I'M
employment here complained
of stomach cramps and diar-
rhea several hours after eat
ing a turkey dinner. Nearly
80 were rushed to the District
General Hospital for treatment.
Both the Public Health Serv-
ice and the District Health De-
partment rushed specialists to
the scene. Samples of food
were sent to the food and milk
research laboratories in the
services Sanitary Engineering
Center at Cincinnati.
At the same time an epidem-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15
Episcopal Council
Officers Named

The Right Rev. William
Forman Creighton, Bishop CO.
adjutor of Washington, yes
terday was elected vice presi-
dent of the Executive Council,
Episcopal Diocese of Wash
ington.
The election was held at the
Diocesan House, 1902 Rhode
Island avenue NV. The Right
Rev. Angus Dun, Bishop of
Washington, is council presi-
dent.
Others elected were Ernest
w. Greene as treasurer and
Miss Virginia Patton, secretary.
Members were named to the
finance, Christian education,
missions, social relations and
promotion departments. Each
department will elect its chair
man.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15

other fairy godmother avail
able 10 help around the house
when baby comes. Any youn'
father who exceeds his SIX DAY s
OF special leave has 20 pay a
substitute. sometimes at a rate
higher than his own wages,
why" Mr.. Marshall de-
manded. SHOULD the post once
pay for the man 10 stay az
home when married life follows
lis normal course?"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15

elected. They are DR.. Daniel
LeRay Borden. Washington
surgeon; Secretary Of Com
merce Lewis L. Strauss and
Frank E. Weitzel, Assistant
Controller General of the
United States.
Lloyd B. Wilson. former
president and chairman Of the
board of the Chesapeake &
Potomac Telephone Co.. was
named as honorary trustee
Mr.. Wilson was elected to the
board in 1899 and was chair
man of the Personnel Com
mittee.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15
MucEoin Will Oppose
De VuIeru at Polls

DUBLIN. Ireland. May is
tAP) Gen. Sean MacEoin. 81,
was nominated as a presiden-
tial candidate today by the
Fine Gael and Farmers oppo-
sition Parties. He is a former
defense minister and Is known
for his guerrilla exploits In the
l920s.
In the June II balloting he
will oppose Premier canon de
Valera, the DFianna Fail candi-
date and favorite. The present
President. Sean O'Kelly. is re-
firing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15
Husty Judge Hit

TAIPEH, May is tAP).-
Judge HUI Tao-hui. 81, Of the
Quemoy District Court, has
been denoted for granting a
woman a divorce, then marry
ing her himself before the de-
cree became final. The wom-
ans husband. Hung Tien-pei,
had not been notified of the di-
vorce action.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-15
Reds Say Sputnik Ill
Will Orbit TO Autumn

LONDON, May is APP
Moscow Radio said the Soviet
Unions Sputnik III, launched
one year ago tooay, is expect d
to go on circling the globe
throughout this summer and
autumn.
The broadcast said the artifi-
cial satellite has completed
more than 800 trips around
the earth.
Evening star., 1959-11-15
A La Chanel
By ELEM
Star Fashion Writer

DESIGNERS come and go, but Chanel seems
~ to go forever.
The signatures of this fabulous Frenchwoman
seen in the brief, boxy cardigan jackets, trim
little wool jersey dresses, pearls with every
thing, and the trimness of silhouette that first
marked her designing back in the 20s and sos.
The evening scene is rampant with current
Chanelisms interpreted by numerous other design
ers. Tailored approaches prove refreshing as they
contrast with the ball gowns that billow around
the figure.
Sheaths for evening topped with matching
jackets made up in the richest, most fabulous
fabrics create holiday mood both comfortable
and elegant It's the newest look on the evening
scene this season.
Cell Chopmon's cIossic dress hos white busle beods
on white chiffon II features the understood iocket
line mode fomous by the fomous French designer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-05

basis. The suggestion here l,
that Cal keep the opener as a
separate package and start ne
gotiating now for next season.
On The Run:
NBC advises that Gwen Ca
fritz. who was to be on Dave
Garroway's show this morning,
win appear instead on March
~.
Fred Goes two-part produce
ton of For Whom the Bell
Tolls" a Nv dramatic UNDER
taking that is eagerly anti
cipated here's the Playhouse
80 offering part one) next
week. :. Goes reminder to TV
critics is a neat one: a copy Of
the book autographed by the
author,
Also due In the mail; 4
genuine Beaver hat from the
TV show, Leave 1t TO Beaver. ;.
And for the man that has
everything, sob, the loan and
gift list includes a hat-shaped
ash tray from ABC's Peter Lind
Hayes, marking the March oil
Hats to Hayes Month; and a
pair Of bowling shoes so that
my large feet will look Their
best on WMAL-7's Bowl the
Champ Saturday.
In his occasional letter tc