davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16
Marines:
New No. ]

President Eisenhower, who
makes something of a habit out
Of pulling surprises in his nomi-
nations for top military COM
mands. did 1t again last week.
He selected Maj. Gen. David M.
Shoup, winner of the Congress
sional Medal of Honor for his
gallantry during the bloody in.
vasion of the Pacific atoll Of Ia
rawa in World War II, as the new
commandant Of the United States
Marine Corps. Gen. Shoup will
succeed Gen. Randolph Nice.
Pate, who retires December 81.
He viii serve for two years.
Gen, Shoup said he was
shocked" by the news Of his APP
pointment and doubtless he was
as surprised as anyone In the
corps. He was jumped over nine
senior Marine general officers.
Known as q tough fighting man.
he proved it at q news conference
called to introduce him to PEN
tagon reporters. Asked what his
relig Gus affiliation is, the Gen.
eral, who presently commands the
Marine recruit depot at Paris
Island. s. c., looked witherinely
at his questioner and replied:
I'm a Methodist and my blood
type is o."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16
ShipIoods of Arms

He said the ministers were In
terested in destroying his govern
ment, not the Trujillo Dictator
ship. He criticized Mr.. Herter for
talking about "invasions" and not
about food for hungry babies. He
asserted that four shiploads Of
arms had been sent into Cuba to
anti-Castro fprces-one from the
United States and three from the
Dominican Republic. And he told,
with great relish, how his aides,
led by William A. Morgan, an
American soldier-of- fortune type,
tricked Trujillo into sending a
transport plane loaded with arms
to an "anti : Castro" airfield In
Cuba which turned out to be a
well-laid ambush.
United States officials are in
clined to let Mr.. Castro have his
head Of steam and roll with any
punches he may aim in our direc-
ton. One key reason is fear
that by wrong moves or words, the
United States might push him
into the waiting arms of the Com
munists. This is particularly wor-
risome in view of the growing eco
nomic difficulties, including $780,
900 unemployed workers. now
being experienced by Cuba.
Mr.. Castro is regarded by WASH
ington as sincere, dedicated
leader who truly seeks the better
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16

American bases exist in Laos or
are planned. A small group Of
American military experts. along
with a French contingent. are
helping to train Laotian troops.
The North Vietnamese, for
their part. warned Burma. In
donesia. South Wet Nam and
Thailand not to send troops to
Laos or it would be regarded as
a threat to its security. In such
a dangerous situation, the Wet
Nam Democratic Republic Gov
eminent (Communist) will not
stand idly by" a Hanoi defense
official warned.
President Eisenhower took note
Of the Laos situation when he told
a news conference that he would
certainly discuss it with Premier
Khrushchev when the Soviet
leader comes to, Washington In
September. The United States
takes the position that Red China.
and possibly Moscow, have sup-
ported the aggressive action
against Laos.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16
Reflections Of Top Military Palmer

war incidents Of the past couple
years. the development Of the
Polaris missile and its atomic
powered submarine base-"the
best retaliatory system in the
world, by far"-and an increas.
ing realization Of what mobility
means In the ballistic missile
age, has turned the spotlight on
the Navy again.
"But we still haven't been able
to crack the money barrier" he
said. I'VE continue to get about
% per cent Of the total defense
budget"
He explained that the Navy has
not been able to obtain q per-
centage increase-nor has the
Army-even though, in his opin-
ion, we already have more than
enough strategic weapons. very
expensive items. He believes that
some of the funds now being allo-
Gated to increasing our stocks Of
these big weapons should go to
the modernization Of the feet and
ground forces.
There is not any relief in sight.
either. According to the admiral.
the money squeeze. tight last year,
will be worse this year."
While he declined to predict
what defense spending will be
limited to in the new budget. he
made the point that even II there
is no reduction, the rising costs
of labor and materials and the
increasing completely Of equip
ment could, mean less defense for
the dollar.
The admiral asserted that dfas-
tic steps, such as the elimination
of entire weapons systems, prob
ably will have to be taken If the
Navy is going to live within its
share Of the 1861 budget now
being drawn up.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16

Caribbean peace committee to
study the crisis and report to the
18th Inter-American Conference
in Quito next February. The COM
mittee would have no real author
ity over GAS members, but it could
keep q spotlight on any new in
vasion moves and investigate
hostile propaganda.
Reports from Santiago indicate,
however. that the Herter proposal.
as stated, is not likely to be ac-
cepted. It was believed more
probable that the ministers would
restore the wide powers of investi-
CATION and Cancellation the Inter-
American Peace Commission had
up until three years ago.
Mr.. Herter did not mention
Cuba or Mr.. Castro by name In his
remarks about invasions which
were organized with the knowledge
and support Of government offi-
Gals. But the shoe seemed to At.
Friday night, In q radio-television
speech billed as q report to the
people on how an anti Castro re-
volt had been put down. the Cuban
leader denounced the Santiago
meeting as q farce"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16
Nixon Observations

Meanwhile, Mr.. Nixon, in q
series of tapped interviews with
Republican Congressman. for use
by their home State radio sta
tions, discussed his recent trip to
the Soviet Union and made these
observations:
Q His warm reception by the Rus
sian people demonstrated the
failure of the Kremlin's years.
old Hate America" propaganda
campaign.
. Prospects for real peace" are
good because all people, including
the Russians, do not want war.
But we cannot reduce our de-
lenses merely because Of the
Khrushchev visit and the posi-
bility of summit conference.
Mr.. Khrushchey believes the
United States is weak economically
and that there are millions" Of
workers in this country who are
just waiting for the time they can
throw out the present system and
institute a Socialist or Communist
state.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16
Laos:
Threats

The threat to the peace in
Southeast Asia continued last
week, but gunbattles gave way,
at least, temporarily. to Q war of
words as the Chinese Communists
and Red North vietnamese rallied
against Laos and the United
States.
Most Of the Communist forces
which had infiltrated northern
Laos from North Wet Nam re-
portedly had withdrawn across the
border. Laotian leaders believe
the Reds are preparing for a new
invasion during the dry season
which begins in October.
Meanwhile, the Communist
propaganda guns were blazing
away full tilt. Peiping Radio ac-
cused the United States Of threat
ening the peace Of Asia by its ac-
tivities in Laos and demanded that
American military bases" there
be abolished. The State DEPART
ment promptly denied that any
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16

the strengthening Of Americas
limited war capabilities.
He feels keenly about this be-
cause. in his opinion. About war
between the United States and
the Soviet is only Q remote posi-
bility and win grow less likely rs
newer, deadlier and less vulner-
able weapons come into being.
Admiral Burke contends that
there is mo real evidence" that
the Russians No. ! priority is
sneak attack against this country
at the earliest moment. II such
was their aim they would have
built up q large heavy bomber
force. he says. This they have
not done.
According to the admiral. the
American people. as q whole. stili
do not understand that the Com
munist strategy is for q ceaseless
war of attrition and an avoidance
Of any dramatic military attacks.
Asserting that Soviet nibbles
around the periphery of the free
world ''are going to come faster.
and faster and faster" he asked
q Naval War College audience last
April:
why can't we realize that we
cannot react violently to one prov
ocation and then sink back into
lethargy? Why do recurring offers
Of Soviet peace stir q new but
vain hope?"
The admiral complained. too.
that We let the Soviet Union set
the ground rules-like the one
that the battle-ground Of the cold
war is always in q free world
territory. never within the Soviet
bloc. He said:
what they (the Russians) say
in effect is that what happens in
the nom Communist world lis their
business, but what happens in the
Communist world is nobody else's
business.
Something very dangerous hap.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16

vicious propaganda duel. between
the Dorpinicans. on the one hand.
and Fidel Castro's revolutionary
Government Of Cuba and vere-
zuela, on the other. began TO foul
the air.
Faced with an obviously wor-
SEEMING crisis, the foreign ministers
Of the 81 American Republics.
members Of the Organization Of
American States. convened In an
extraordinary session in Santiago.
Chile, in an attempt to find q
solution which would restore tram
guilty to the area.
The key issue is an extremely
thorny one: How can democracy
and freedom be promoted without
violating the cornerstone prin-
ciple of inter- American relations.
that of non-intervention by one
or more states in the affairs Of
another?
Cuba and Venezuela argue that
there must be some modification
of the on-intervention policy II
relationships Of the Trujillo ilk
are to be eliminated and freedom
brought to all people in the herni-
sphere. But most of the other
members Of the GAS, including
the United States, are voicing
strong support for non-interven-
ton.
When 1t was originally adopted.
the non-intervention policy was
directed primarily against the
United States, which had had q
record of sending Marines to
square away any troubles Amer
leans may have had in the 'Ba-
mana Republics" American off,
cials find it ironic now that some
Latin countries are willing to
water-down the guarantees against
interference by any country.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16
Senate

q s 81. Housing Act Of 1859.
johnson, Democrat Of Texas. mo-
..tion to pass the bill over the Presi-
Gents veto (two-thirds majority
Tequired). Passed $50 Demo
.cfats 53-10: Republicans 2-30). I
august 10, 1859. (Sixty-four yeas"
were required for passage.) A
Snay9 was a vote supporting the
Presidents position.
4pR: Byrd and Randolph. Democrats Of
! AGAINST: Beali and Butler, Republicans
. ~ OF MARYLAND; Byrd and Robertson, Dem
ocrats Of virginia.
HR 1850. Veterans Pension Act
.N0f 1859. Passage Of the bill.
Passed 1876 Democrats 58-2: Re-
.-6ublicans 28-4), August 10, 1859.
IOR; Beail, Republican of Maryland; Rob.
Randolph. Democrats. Of West yirEinia.
syrd, De 5Ss:ss E e virsiTis p A''0
- s 8l2. A bill to authorize the
establishment Of a youth con-
s.Servation corps to provide health
'sftll outdoor training and employ
s@Tnent for young men and to
I advance the conservation. Develop
ment and management Of national
, resources Of timber, soil and range.
and Of recreational areas, Passage
esof the bill. Passed 47-45 Demo
Gratis 45-15: Republicans 2-30),
!. August Is. 1859.
FOR: Byrd and Randolph. Democrats Of
. AGAINST: Besii and Butler, Republicans
- I Of Maryland; Byrd and Robertson. DEM
ocrats Of Virginia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16
Latin America:


Last April a boatload Of 90
armed Cubans scrambled ashore
in Panama in an abortive invasion
attempt. 1t was the first in. a
series Of incidents which have
brought about one Of the most
critical periods in Caribbean re-
lations since the days Of Dollar
Diplomacy.
Other Cuban invaders at
tempted to strike at the Domino
can Republic, which is headed
by Dictator Rafael L. Trujillo.
Nicaragua, too, had to repel raid
ers from outside It's borders. A
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16

pens to the man who comes to
accept that the other fellow viii
always carry the ball."
The Reel Fight
The real fight with communism
Is on the "day-to-day scene" and
that Is where I'VE will have to
take them on" he declared. If
we don't, he warned. there will
be no death agony" but rather a
prolonged. gradual. almost pain
less ebbing of the life and spirit
Of the free world"
Admiral Burke said he figura-
lively keeps pasted in his cap q
statement made by Dimitri Ma
nuilsky, the old Soviet warhorse,
in 1891. He expressed q wish that
all Americans could occasionally
refer to it. This is what Mr..
Manuilsky, said:
war to the hilt between COM
munism and capitalism is inevi-
table. Today, of course, we are
not strong enough to attack. Our
time will come in 20 or 80 years.
The bourgeoisie will have to be
put to sleep. so we viii begin by
launching the most spectacular
peace movement on record.
"There will be electrifying over
tones and unheard-of concessions:
The capitalist countries, stupid
and decadent, will rejoice to CO.
operate in their own destruction.
They will leap at another chance
to be friends. As soon as their
guard is down we shall smash
them with our clenched fist"
The admiral conceded that the
public today probably does not
understand as thoroughly as it
did before and during World War
II. the need for strong sea forces.
importance of Mobility
He feels, however. that the
Lebanon. Formosa and other cold
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16
THE FOREIGN SCENE.

ment of his people. But he also Ii
looked upon as q man who is ig-
norant in the ways Of democracy.
Here it is noted that he has not
called for free elections, he has
supported aggressions against
other countries and he has under
estimated the threat of the Cuban
Reds.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16
Brother Critic Of U.S..

There are said to be several pro-
Communists close to Mr.. Castro.
His brother Raul, Cuba's armed
forces chief, is an outspoken
critic of the United States. There
are believed to be about 10000
Communist Party members in
Cuba and probably three times
that many fellow-travelers.
Meanwhile, adding to United
States concern, the Reds are show.
ing increased activity in several
other Latin nations - private
sources familiar with the situa-
ton report approximately 225.000
Communist Party m m bers
throughout Latin America-and
Anastas I. Mikoyan, Soviet Deputy
Premier, is reported to be planning
a South American tour late this
year to drum up trade and friend
ship for his country.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16

aides are ignorant OF America, the
4 Soviet exhibition at New York's
: Coliseum, which closed this last
week, would have proved the point.
= Russia obviously put into It's ex-
Z hibition the things 1t believed
would impress Americans, just as
the United States-rather more
successfully, 1t would appear--put
Y into the American exhibition IN
Moscow the things 1t believed
would impress the Russian people.
Technical Prowess
81 Russia clearly believed that q
demonstration Of technical Prov
less-of sputniks and atomic ice
breakers, of TYPE YIELDS and
,eiectronic whiz-gadgets - would
make q deep and lasting impress
sion on Americans. affecting fa-
vorably their outlook on the Soviet
Union.
Specifically. perhaps, 1t did.
1IicEC dIC 0Ac-oaAu Wills SSAAS
spondent is one-who Is years ago
sold $35 wrist watches to Russian
soldiers in Berlin for $3.50. and
who got the idea that Russians
were too backward to make q
. wrist watch themselves. Any IL
lusions Of this kind which had
remained after Sputnik I obvious
w. were dispelled at the Coliseum.
:. But q demonstration OF ma
.!1brialistic accomplishment does
not really affect Americans deep
", This is perhaps the funda-
mental mistake Moscow makes
about the United States and its
people. the mistake that was
: dramatized so wildly by the
Soviet exhibition. Surface mani
festations to the contrary. the
United States is not really q ma
terialistic country.
!. Americans like creature COM
forts, Of course, and 60 for clever
novelties like roll-on deodorants
and atoothpaste caps that unscrew
without coming on. But the
things that move America deeply
are entirely different, and are
more often than not the things
Of the spirit.
For days the No. ] newspaper
story in the United States was Of
a child on Long Island caught in
an abandoned well.
More recently q dog which
Jumped between q child and q
rattlesnake, taking the bite and
/. saving the child's life. was q fea-
tured news story. Firemen are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16

sylvania, motion to recommit the
bill. Rejected 1929 August II,
1859. A may" was q vote sup
porting the Presidents position.
FOR: Foley, yrisdel. osrmatz and john
son, Democrats Of Maryland; Bailey,
West ,YIr5inis; Moore. Republican q
A bsSss.ss y ssrI sssn sSs E.H Ssss
ine, Gary, Hardy, Harrison. Jennings,
. Smith and Tuck, Democrats Of Vireinla;
F ESsn H ssf Ron ssDSSlsans Of WEST vs
Virginia.
HR 8342. Labor Management
Reporting and Disclosure Act Of
1859. Landfum. Democrat of
Georgia, and Griffin, Republican
Of Michigan, amendment to re-
place the text Of the bill with the
text Of a Landrum Griffin substi-
tute bill containing curbs on Sec
ondary boycotts and organizational
and recognition picketing, and
giving the States power to handle
no mans land labor disputes.
Agreed to 229-20l Democrats o.
1874; Republicans l34-17), August
Is. 1889. A "yea" was vote sup
porting the Presidents position.
FOR: Brewster. rallon, johnson and Iank-
ford. pemecrats Of Maryland; Abbitt.
nG Tnsi toy Z, vrrInia: Smith sTdSa
hill and Pom, Republicans Of Virginia.
AGAINsL; Fclsy; rTisdsl and oarnasts.
ocrat Of vireiiia: Bailey. Hechier, Kee,
Slack and gtaeeers, Democrats Of West
Virginia: Moore, Republican Of West
HR S342. Acknowledgements
Reporting and Disclosure Act Of
1859. Passage Of the bill. Passed
303-125 August IA. 1859. A 'yea"
was a vote supporting the Presi-
dents position.
FOR: Brewster, Failon, Friedel, johnson
and Lankfcrd. Democrats Of Maryland;
Abbitt. Downing, Gary, Hardy Harrison.
Jennings, Smith and Tuck, Democrats
Of VirRinia;. Broyhill and Poff Repub-
Leans Of Virginia; Hechler and Slack.
pemocrats q West Virginia; Moore. Re-
. PUBLICAN q West virginia: !, 49,.
land; Bailey. ,Kss and stssssrs, DEM
NOT VOTING: Fclsy, Democrat Of Mary
Compiled BY consressionsl euarterlyo
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16

other officer. Admiral william
Sheppard Benson held the post
from May II. 1915. to September
"a, 1919.
The heads Of each Of the armed
services automatically serve as
Q member Of the jos. Before the
appointment Of Admiral Burke to
third two-year term. no officer
had ever served more than two
terms. The Admiral Is credited
with having q particularly acute
grasp Of Soviet tactics and global
strategy. The late Secretary Of
State, John Foster Dulles, often
conferred directly with him.
The President and Admiral
Burke have not always seen eye
to-eye on major defense issues.
One of the prime examples was
the admiral's opposition to key
portions Of Mr.. Eisenhower's PEN
tagon reorganization plan. But q
great deal Of mutual respect exists
between the two men.
Not the smoothest Of the Joint
Chiefs on the witness stand, Ad-
miral Burke nevertheless has been
q particular favorite on Capitol
Hill. Although he sometimes
gropes for words in his eagerness
to explain his position, he almost
always finds the right ones.
After q hearing earlier this year
on the Nations defense posture.
Senate Majority Leader Lyndon
Johnson told reporters that in his
more than rs years Of attending
congressional hearings he has
never heard q more competent or
more honest witness than Arleigh
Burke.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16
BY L. EDGAR.PRNA
star star Writer

Admiral Arieigh A. Burke. who
tomorrow begins an hnprece-
dented third term as Chief Of
Naval Operations and as a MEM
Der Of the Joint Chiefs Of Stan.
was q deeply troubled man when
he was asked to stay on for two
more years.
It wasn't that the 57-year-old
destroyerman was tired or fed
up. Far from it. The reason.
which may astonish those who
don't know the admiral. projects
light on his character and per-
Sonality.
II wasn't sure it would be q
good thing for the Navy for one
man to run the show, to have
things done his way, for so long
q period" he told q reporter.
"And ! am still not sure"
But while Admiral Burke may
have preferred to step aside.
when he was told that his Com
mander in Chief particularly
wanted him to continue, he re-
sponded willingly.
It was President Eisenhower.
Of course, who. in 1855 dipped
down past four admirals. 20 vice
admirals and 6S rear admirals
to pick the two-star Burke, then
commander. Atlantic Fleet de-
stroyers, to succeed Admiral Rob-
ert B. Carney as Chief Of Naval
Operations. OF the 81 flag ON
GERS he leapfrogged. only 30 are
on active duty today.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16
Ends VS.. Means

In an. address to the ministers,
Secretary of State Herter referred
to the recent invasion activities
and declared:
."Yet, whether or not they were
commendable, we cannot conduct
our inter-American relations on
the theory that the end justifles
the means. :. To weaken the
principle of non-intervention and
the principle of collective security
in an effort to promote democracy
is a self-defeating activity. ). :.
1.-THE tensions which have de-
veloped in the Caribbean area in
the last six months have, in the
opinion of the United States, had
an effect opposite from that Of en-
couraging democracy"
The Secretary proposed q special
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16
". N. CIRCLES WONDER E1iF
n ! Can KhrushchevGet
!: Real Picture Of U.S.?
BY WILLIAM II. FRYE
contfibutine writer

UNITED NATIONS, Y- Soviet Premier Khrushchev
Russia after his American visit with mental
image the States which reasonably
perspective considerable contribution will
10 world stability Western diplomats here believe.
Ignorance the dangerous Accomplishments
power Khrushchev the worlds powerful
single Combined with mpusenes ignorance
menace matter how much capacity for
IMAM may possess.
If there ever was any doubt that Mr. Khrhchev and his key
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16
Continued From Page CT

OVAhgaAAeAO~A = OeAA = 80 .
stalemate and that he and every
one else should do what he could
to break 1t.
At the same time. Mr.. Eisen-
hover denied the assertion by
some pundits that the Biggest
Two talks mean a reversal of the
policies Of John Foster Dulles.
Ear from it." the President told
his news conference. He added
that he and Mr.. Dulles had talked
many times of the advantages Of
personal discussions with Mr..
Khrushchev and that late last year
it was agreed that some new diplo-
matte method might be needed
to melt the cold war ice.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16

In an interview in his Penta-
gon office late last week. the Navy
chief made it clear that in the
next two years he would press for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16
Youngest Member Of jos

Admiral Burke, who remains the
youngest member of the jos. still
has four months and IA days to
60 before he will have served
longer as Navy boss than any
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16

HR e342. Labor Management
sReporting and Disclosure Act Of
1859. Kearns, Republican of PENN
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-08-16
NEARBY VOTES

Following are the votes Of Mary
Hand. Virginia Nand West Virginia
members Of Congress on major
roll calls last week: