davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-27
In Search of Safety

RecurrenL near-COlllSlOIlS USbWCcH
aircraft. in the wake Of a number OF
fatal midair crashes in recent years,
have accentuated the need for such an
intensive safety-research program as is
planned by the Federal Aviation Agency.
FAA Administrator Quesada has created
a special Collision Prevention Advisory
Group to press the hunt for warning
devices to alert pilots to possible collision
hazards not readily detachable other
wise. The Importance Of this safety
project has increased with the advent
of Jet airliners of such high speeds
that early warning of dangers ahead is
imperative.
The advisory group, headed by Rob-
ert M. Buck of the FAA Bureau Of Re
search and Development, is composed OF
representatives of military aviation and
of various organizations in the CONNER
cial air transport field. The group will
push current public and private studies
designed to develop foolproof prox-
unity indicator for airplaneS. PreSunl-
ably this would be an electronic gadget,
similar to radar, to warn pilots when
they are on collision or near-collision
courses. Some work on system Of this
type already has been done, but insult
ficient money for intensive research and
development has handicapped the in
vestigators More funds ought to be
devoted to the safety program by the
aviation industry, as matter not only
of safeguarding the public but of pro-
noting air travel.
Another aim of the FAA group will
be to develop device that, once col
liSion peril has been observed, would
instantly advise the pilot what avoid
ance maneuver should be taken. And
a third objective will be in the field
of what is called "conspicuity enhance
ment"-in plain language, making an
airplane more readily visible to the
naked eye. This would be great help
to a pilot operating under "see and be
seen" rules. The "see and be seen" plan
has proved to be faulty, however, and
that is why it is so important to find an
electronic substitute for human vision.
1t is to the interest Of all segments
of the aviation industry to cooperate
Fundamentally in this search for equip
ment to make flying safer. Aeronautical
science has proved capable of producing
bigger and faster aircraft. 1t should be
able to solve the problem of averting the
sort of air disasters that have taken so
many lives in the recent past
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-27
Eoubus Setback

The voting in Little Rocks recall
election does not justify conclusion
that q majority of the people now favor
the reopening Of the city's closed schools
on an integrated basis. It is reasonable
to conclude, however, that majority Of
those who voted are opposed to extreme
segregation tactics.
Unfortunately, the issue was not
clear-cut. A petition for recall Of the
school boards three staunch segrega-
tionists was initiated after they had
voted to IRE "A teachers suspected Of
integregationist sympathies. This was
followed by counter petition for the
recall of the three members who walked
out Of board meeting prior to the purge
vote.
These three denied that they were
integrationists, and their hackers in
sisted that the sole issue was the purge
Of the teachers-not desegregation.
The three segregationist members who
were recalled by the voters contended
that desegregation was the issue, and
Governor Faubus advanced the same
claim in two speeches in behalf Of the
defeated faction.
Thus, the probability is that the
purge Of the teachers was the decisive
factor, and that the ardent prosegrega-
tionists would not have been unSeated
in straight-out test of desegregation
sentiment. This view is supported by
the closeness of the vote in each recall
contest, and also by the fact that the
same Little Rock residents voted 8 to l
last fall against reopening the schools
on desegregated basis.
The fact remains, however, that the
recall vote was sharp setback for Gov
ernor Faubus. 1t also encourages q
cautious hope that the day may be in
sight when majority in Little Rock will
prefer limited desegregation to closed
schools.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-27
Red Corpet for Reds

Although the United States
Chamber Of Commerce and
the National Association Of
Manufacturers have not got
ten the point across to date.
it is not too late for them to
enlighten their m e m b ers
with respect to a decent atti-
tude toward communism and
the Soviet leaders. This is
not to suggest that the lead
ers Of our business organiza-
tions attempt to dictate: but
a little education may 60 a
long way.
Businessmen in various To-
calities are straining for des-
ignation of their cities as the
site for q summit conference.
Surely we should recognize
the propaganda detectives Of
Mr.. Khrushchev ct al, in
seeking an invitation to these
shores.
Have we forgotten the di-
visive attempts of Mikoyan a
few months ago as he played
up to those American people
who would overlook the bru-
tality and tyranny inherent
in communism? The Ameri-
can leaders of these people,
we are told are warmongers.
Nor should we be blind to
the effort to picture us as APP
proving Communist tyranny
and its enslavement of many
millions. If not approving,
how can we fraternize with
Communist leaders, dine
them and lead them on tri-
umphal tours? 1t is no more
becoming to businessmen
than to others to do any
thing to earn a dollar"
This reminder to business
does not overlook similar un-
awarenesS or sacrifice of
principle elsewhere, both in
and out Of government. 1t
would be well for all of us
to reexamine fundamental
truth, to reconsider our de-
cisions, and to weigh care
fully the action we take.
Lloyd Buchanan.
X y X \
Your editorial, Inviting
Khrushchev," plainly favor
able toward inviting this cut
throat to our shores, winds
up with this astonishing
statement: 1T is hard to see
how such an invitation could
do any appreciate harm"
How any patriotic American
in his right senses could
make such a statement is
completely beyond under
standing. May I refer this
writer to the article on the
very next page of the same
issue, by David Lawrence, en-
titled Behind Khrushchev's
Summit Bid? Mr.. Law
rence's article, excellent as
always, outlines only too
clearly what "appreciable
harm" could be done.
r. L. Mitten.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-27
Prods RIA
C. d. T

The Star reports that Re-
development Land Agency
Chairman John A. Remon
plans to ask that the United
Z States District Court speed
up its processes in order to
dispose Of a number Of land
seizures delaying the South
west redevelopment.
The Court might suggest
that Mr.. Remon look home
ward. In the February %
Sunday Star, reporter John
Barron detailedly documented
why so many Southwest
homeowners have had to re-
sort to the Court with the re-
sultant tanning of its dock
ct. Mr.. Barron reported that
Mr.. Remon said, II am
troubled by some of the
things ! have been told. ]
want to sit down and go over
this whole subject thorough
ly. I am ordering a complete
investigation of our apprais-
al methods"
What has happened to this
investigation?
Citizen.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-27
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
BY THOMAS r. HENRY
Toxoid for Deadly Food Poisoning

A toxoid which will immu-
nize against the five known
types Of botulism-highly
fatal food poisoning-has
been developed by Army
chemists.
The disease is caused by a
poisonous substance. botuli-
mum toxin. produced by a
species OF bacteria which
grows in improperly pre-
served foods. It also used to
be common in silage. some
times affecting cattle. horses
and sheep on epidemic scale.
In tests conducted at the
Army Chemical Corps lab
oratories at Fort DERRICK,
Md. guinea pigs and rabbits
we're immunized successfully
and there Is every indication
that the preparation will
protect humans.
There have been toxoids in
the past which would protect
against a single type Of the
poison, II the patient was
treated In time. This Is the
f1rst time, however, that a
preparation which works
against all five forms has
been developed.
The disease is relatively
rare in humans since devel-
opment Of modern food proc
essing techniques. There still.
however. are serious out
breaks in rural areas where
home canning Of fruits and
vegetables is common.
Death Rate High
The death rate runs be-
tween 40 and so percent.
Fort DERRICK doctors, they
report, have just come upon
the alarming fact that mega
tive skin tests, almost uni
versally relied upon, do not
assure freedom from tuber-
culosis. Ten healthy mon
keys were infected and then
tuberculin-tested by injec-
ton of tuberculin into the
skin of the upper eye-lid.
Traditionally, an animal is
said to be positive for tuber-
culosis If the injected site
becomes red and swollen and
negative If there is no skin
reaction. Tests remained ne
gative even three months
after exposure when X-ray
evidence showed all the
monkeys had lung LESSONS.
Reason for failure of the
tests is unknown but it is
highly likely, the doctors be-
lieve, that it may also be ex-
pected in humans.
4 y y y
Radiation from atomic
reactors, such as are pro-
posed for industry. may has.
ten the aging of persons ir
close contact with them.
This effect is quite apart
from specific damage to the
body or deterioration of here
dity. the major charges di-
rected against this hoped fol
but far from realized source
of power.
The case is made by ex.
perimentS carried out at the
University of Chicago by the
United States Air Force "a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-27

diation laboratory with As0o
male mice living In afunnA-
pheres identical with those
surrounding nuclear reac-
tons from which come small
but continuous gamma ray
and neutron radiations.
Each radiated group Of
the animals received q dos
age whose combination Of in
tensity, duration and type
differed from all the others.
Relative to human life times
the test animals we're irradi-
ated from the ages 10 to IS
years. They were purposely
exposed before adolescence to
determine the effect Of radia-
ton on their normal growth.
Eighty groups of 80 mice
each were exposed to gamma
(short X-ray) irradiation and
80 groups Of so animals each
to neutron radiation. The
neutrons are heavy atomic
particles concerning whose
specific effects little is known.
Each animal was examined
daily for gross body changes
and blood and tissues were
studied microscopically after
death.
The mice that received the
highest total neutron and
gamma doses gained weight
at decreasing rate from the
first. compared with those
who got lesser doses. The
experiment started two years
ago. Over so per cent Of the
irradiated mice still are alive
compared with slightly more
than 10 per cent Of an equal
number Of mice who re-
ceived no radiation.
Developed ,Cataracts
BY the end Of the first year
of life all the animals in the
highest and second highest
neutron dosage group had
severe cataracts. Only 20 per
cent of the gamma irradiated
group we're so affected. Many
of the animals subjected to
gamma rays developed un-
usual dark fermentation on
their normally pale pink feet
and grey tails. The dark
brown coats Of one mouse in
every cage Of ten turned
spotty. revealing an inherent
individual weakness to radia-
ton. The coats Of all neu-
tron-bombarded mice have
turned gray-the heavier the
dosage the lighter the color.
Now, according to DR.. John
Doull and DR.. Herbert D.
landau who are conducting
the experiments, cataracts
normally occur only in aged
mice. These animals still are
in their early adulthood. An
other aging effect is the
wasting away of the iris of
the eye. not seen In normal
mice until they are at least
81 months old. This defect
appears in irradiated mice at
IA months.
In general, the experiments
indicate, the neutrons Are
five times as damaging as the
gamma rays. They are IS
times as damaging so far as
production of cataracts Is
concerned.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-27

DR.. James M. Moss, speak
ing on behalf of "all the
physicians in the Washing
ton Metropolitan Area" has
scored for organized medicine
another of its public rela-
tons triumphs. In his letter
of chastisement to DR..
Thomas E. Mattingly he
shows clearly the circum-
scribed and provincial think
ing that comes all too fire.
quently from spokesman for
our medical profession. The
effort on the part of medical
leaders to silence public OPP
position within the medical
profession is a much more
important bar to effective
public relations than the ex-
preston of personal opinion
on the part of an individual
doctor. OF course, this idea
should not be stretched with
out limit. Perhaps the crime
Of publicly protesting a scan
dalous overcharge by a mem
Der of organized labor is too
heinous.
DR.. Mattingly's provocative
letters point out that he
is not speaking for organized
medicine but expressing his
own views. His opinions on
medical economics are
obviously based on a critical
evaluation of the issues in
volved, much serious thought
and a deep faith that this
country can provide an equi-
table medical program for all
its people.
Incidents like this force
me ever more strongly to the
conclusion that we must turn
to our political leaders for
the initiative in developing a
satisfactory national health
program. Roy S. Clarke, Jr.
\ =
Tut, tut, DR.. Moss. You
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-27

I am afraid to, as the robins
attack all birds that come
close to the nest.
Every morning the birds
line up, and the squirrels
come to the windows, peer
ing in, waiting for their
handout, but now ! am let
ting them down, for the sake
of our tenants outside the
window. Nature is wonder
full"
4 ~ t
Nature is so wonderful, as
a matter Of fact. that she
reserves to herself the right
to do things in her own way.
Sometimes to the watching
human these ways seem ter
ribly automatic. Darwin told
us. more or less, that the
creatures have built up their
habits over the centuries,
keeping those that worked,
and discarding those that
proved flops.
The birds reserve the right,
1t seems to a watcher. to do
as they please, and this
sometimes includes the right
to persist in building or try
ing to build nests where plain
common sense, human brand,
would dictate that they try
elsewhere.
After this fashion, some
swallows still build nests on
the sides of white bridges,
whereas in the old days,
stretching back to the flood.
they built them on cliffs
whose coloration hid the nat
ural materials of the nests
from marauders.
We can't say why a bird
continues to build where 1t is
having difficulty in doing 50.
Maybe there is a streak of
stubbornness in birds, too.
Robins are hasty builders,
and often their eggs roll out
of the nest. There are prob
ably more robins egg blue"
eggs found on the ground
than the eggs of all other
birds put together.
If the nest had not been
built, and the time Of egg
laying had come. the robins
would have improvised a
hasty nest Of a rudimentary
sort, with a few leaves on a
window ledge. The robin
shelf, often put up by hui
mans, is nothing but a shelf
with a top and back, open
at the sides and front.
AS for the belief that birds
will not return to a nest
touched by human hands. this
is true only now and then.
The belief comes about be-
cause people who disturb
nests often keep such a close
watch that their presence and
continual peering keeps the
birds away, not the mere fact
of touching. Eggs of other
birds have been put into nests
without the mother biNd
knowing it. All one can Sky
about this is that some birds
seem to resent human inter-
ference, others do not.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-27
Free-Swinqinq Bottle Over Free-Spoken Doctor

to defend) are destroyed in
our time-unless thinking
people stand up for what
they believe is right.
Muriel B. Lackey.
4 + x 4
In DR.. Moss letter to DR..
Mattingly, he states that even
though most of the Washing
ton Area Medical Council
doesn't go along with labor's
theology, they mustn't say so
because of their professional
association with said unions.
Does this mean that because
you are a doctor you must
give up your freedom Of ex-
preston? Am I supposed to
entrust the physical we'll
being OF family. when they
are i'll, to men whe haven't
the courage of their convic-
tions? Whether we agree with
DR.. Mattingly or not is be-
side the point. The question
I would like to ask is, does
not a doctor enjoy. the same
freedom Of expression as any
other citizen in these United
States?
Mrs. William Collins.
\ \ =
DR.. Mattingly has been a
prime source of information
and intelligence to the resi-
dents Of Washington and en-
virons through his letters TO
the newspapers. His thoughts
have been original. and
though biased apparently by
his professional interests
sometimes, perhaps unwit-
tingly, he certainly has stated
his opinions frankly and
openly. We may differ with
him on racial views or social
criterion but it is contrary
to the American way to be-
lieve he has to be hobbled by
a medical organization merely
because he is a physician.
II. A. Sheehan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-27
'Hoffo's Challenge

= ~
1t is my hope that your
splendid editorial May 20.
"Hoffa's Challenge" is well
noted by all members of Con-
gress and that those who read
it take appropriate action.
What I say Is not to be
misconstrued as anti-labor.
but in my official position
with the National Federation
Of Independent Business. and
by direct nationwide vote of
our members. we have re-
peatedly urged. in our ap-
pearance before the Republic
can and Democratic National
Conventions, 1913, 1852 and
1856. that labor MANAGEMENT
be brought under antitrust
laws.
Possibly good organized la
Dor was well aware of what
was happening to the anti
trust law enforcement. and
shaped their actions accord
ingly, with the belief that
where violations took place
nothing would be done. If
that was their conclusion
possibly they were justified.
At q public hearing before q
Senate committee, in Feb
ruary, 1947, the spokesman
for the antitrust agency ad-
vised that committee that for
35 years the Administrations
had merely given Zip service"
to enforcement of antitrust
laws.
In the last 20 years or
more. the Government and
the States have been party
to violations of the anti
trust laws through failure to
enforce existing laws and rec
ommending action every so
often for exemptions under
the antitrust laws. In recent
. years interstate carriers were
exempt from antitrust laws
in rate-making. Then shortly
after enactment Of the Robin
son-Patman Act-part of the
antitrust law structure-the
then Attorney General ruled
that the Government was
exempt from antitrust laws
If antitrust laws are to
mean what they say-to pro-
tect the public and the free
enterprise system-then &C
ton should be taken to
eliminate exemptions and the
law should be binding on all
segments Of our economy.
The power to do this rests
with the Administration and
the Congress. if they have
the will to do it.
George ]. Burger,
Vice President, National Fed
Grafton of Independent
Business.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-27

have nothing to fear but
fear itself. All of us who
take time to read The Star
and DR.. Mattingly's letters
are intelligent enough to
realize that the good doctor
is above all an individual,
and that his personal view
points on a variety OF sub
jects do not express the
opinions Of anyone but DR..
Mattingly. Whether the gen.
eral public agrees with DR..
Mattingly or not, I am sure
DR.. Moss own belittling
comments will arouse the ire
of many Star readers. DR..
Mattingly's views show that
he has a sincere and per-
sonal regard for humanity
and civil problems outside
the realm of medicine, and
he performs a public service
by expressing himself.
AiIeen Sheehan.
4 \ y
Never in my wild est
dreams did I expect to rise
to the defense of Thomas
Mattingly, M. D. One OF my
fondest hopes has been that
he would retire to his corner
and give someone else a
chance.
However, now that Dr..
Mattingly's right to voice his
honest opinion and to use his
title has been attacked, let
those of us who would pro-
tect the few freedoms left us
. stand up and be counted.
There is precious little
factual reporting for the
readers these days and many
of us look to the letters-to-
the-editor for a ray Of hope
that all is not lost. Con-
formity may yet be the
secret weapon by which the
liberties chat we proclaim
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-27
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRAcEWELL

How to help a robin in
time Of need:
Mrs. H. j. B. of 'Takoma
Park, Md, writes:
For a number of years I
have watched the birds dur
ing the mating season. and
have always been delighted
when they choose to build
nests on our property. How
ever, this spring. an unusual
thing occurred Ito me, any
way and I think amusing
enough to tell you about it.
Several weeks ago a pair
of robins began building a
nest outside our living room
window on a 3-inch protrud-
ing ledge of a storm window.
Day after day they tried, but
were unsuccessful, as they
could not find anything to
fasten their nest on or to.
Each day their attempts
were in vain, and the nests
were blown off by the wind.
I was beginning to worry
that Mrs. Robin would not
have a home when her time
came.
4 y y
"Then my husband came
to the rescue and fastened
a 12-by-12-inch board to the
side of the house over the
window and then fastened
with sticky tape some Of the
markings of the nest that
had blown away.
And 10 and behold, Mr..
and Mrs. Robin finished the
nest and today she is setting
on four eggs.
1T is very amusing to see
this nest on the homemade
ledge. The robins seem to
accept us, except when we
first come out to the patio
they fly away. However, one
of them always returns even
though we may be close by.
"I have never seen such a
persistent pair.
I'm regard to this, / am
puzzled about a few things.
Are birds always so persistent
about building a nest in the
place they choose? And why,
when it was impossible to
build their nest. did they
keep up the seemingly hope
less task? What would have
happened if the nest had not
been built and it came time
for the laying of the eggs?
4 X
"Also, I have heard that
when human hands touch a
nest, the birds will not return
"Is there any truth in that?
Apparently not, as they
did finish the nest which my
husband helped to build.
I'VE have taken several
pictures of the nest and hope
they come out clear-I would
like to have a good picture OF
this most unusual nest.
Would like to say how
much I enjoy your column
Thank you for a reply.
"P. S.: Incidentally, I have
been feeding the birds and
squirrels every morning. Nov
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-27
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used "
letters carry iDriter's correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
sdtion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-27

to wait until the results Of the FBI in
vestieation become known, and until
the Mississippi authorities have had q
chance to demonstrate their good faith
In prosecuting the offenders.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-27
National Flower

I suggest the Easter lily for
our national flower. It stands
for Christianity and purity.
G. C. X.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-27
John Foster Dulles

There was no sound Of
moaning Of the bar"
When he slipped out to sea
As he exchanged the cares
and pain of earth
For immortality.
So deep. so quiet the out
going tide
The only ear that heard
Its voice was his, and his the
only craft
Its silent movement stirred.
His long-loved Pilot was
aboard to steer
The slender bark for him
To that far harbor where no
adverse winds
Shall blow, nor lights shall
dim.
1t was not twilight nor the
evening bell
That called him out to sea,
But golden daybreak and the
Morning Star
His for eternity.
Elma Roberts williams.
4 &*
A tribute to a patriot, John
Foster Dulles: "Well done,
thou good and faithful serv-
ant.
Thou hast been faithful
over q few things, I will make
thee ruler over many things.
Enter thou into the Joy Of
thy Lord"
C. d. T.