davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-24
NEARBY VOTES

Votes of the nearby Maryland
and Virginia Legislators on major
roll calls in Congress last week:
SENATE
S J Res Al. International Health
and Medical Research Act of 1859,
to establish a National Institute Of
International Health and Medical
Research within the National In
stitutes Of Health, and a National
Advisory Council for the program.
Passed 63-17 ID 46-7; R 17-10),
May 20, 1859.
FOR: Beall, Republican Of Maryland.
AGAINST: Butler, Republican Of Maryland;
Byrd and Robertson, Democrats Of Viz
sinia.
HOUSE
HR TITS. Appropriate $685.
l65, 498 for the Department of Ag-
riculture in fiscal 1860. Motion by
Taber, Republican of New York, to
recommit the bill with instruc-
tons to add language that would
limit to $4,000 any single Com
modify Credit Corp. loan. Agreed
to 261-165 ID 14-161; r r 1910,
May 20. 1859.
FOR: Broyhill. Republican Of Virgini@
Harrison. Democrat Of Virginia, -
Foley, Democrat Of Maryland.
AGAINST: Smith, Democrat Of virginia
and Landlord, Democrat Of Maryland.
S 81. Housing Act Of 1859. Pas.
sage of the House committee yer.
sion of the bill. as amended on the
floor. Passed 261-l60 Cd 228-45; r
33-115), May 81, 1859.
FOR: Broyhfl. Republican Of virginia:
Foley and Landlord. Democrats Of Mary
land.
AGAINST; Harrison ana Smith, Demo-
Gratis Of Virginia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-24

one involving security. Yet Sc
curity cases we're occasions for
such great oppression in days be-
fore our Constitution that the
trainers established special safe
guards for their prosecution.
Treason--the most heinous Of all
crimes-has q peculiarly high
standard Of proof written into
Article III, Section 8 Of the Con-
stitution. The definition supplies
a hard test" CHaupt VS.. United
States, $50 U. s. 63l, CAD to avoid
the evils Of prosecutions for such
illusory and dangerous charges as
Comprising" rulers death.
Cramer VS.. United States. 325
u. S. /.
The philosophy of our system
Of laws was that men and women
we're to be prosecuted for overt
acts, not for their ideas. This re-
Quirement has had long history.
The terrible trials Of the Inquisi-
ton were mainly concerned with
matters of dogma and belief, not
with conduct against the Chris
tian faith. . =.
Reaction Against History
Our Bill Of Rights was in part
reaction against that gloomy chap
ter in history. AS Jefferson wrote
in 1876 q. 1t is time enough for
the rightful purposes Of civil gov
eminent, for its office to interfere
when principles break out into
overt acts against peace and good
order. -"
One sometimes needs to 60
abroad to get perspective on his
own country. The American repu-
tation for intolerance has grown
greatly in recent years. The atti-
tudes that reach the foreign press
are not so much the quiet work Of
courts in seeing that even the
despised person gets fair trial.
as the announcements Of officials
and other groups condemning
people not for their deeds but for
their ideas. The witch hunt has
put much pressure on agencies of
Government to lower the stand
ards of law administration at
home. 1t also has done us meal
culable damage abroad.
When the FBI was making the
so-called Red Raids in 1920,
shamefully arresting many inno-
cent people in a vast dragnet,
there was a current saying, Civil
liberties? So is your old man."
That slurring comment stung like
a lash at the time and fingers as
one of our most melancholy MEM
cries. 1t was repeated in similar
words during the late '40s and
made America the symbol of in
tolerance in Europe and Asia.
On travels abroad one also sees
in new perspective the role of a
judiciary in a troubled world. Go
to even the new countries Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-24

Charles B. Warren, rejected as
Attorney General in 1925, to get
a Senate rundown.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-24

lieve wos eoHtoined in recent speech
by Justice DousIos OF the Columbia
University Low Review dinner. Beeeuss
il Is fronk, simple discussion Of some
recent controversial security" de-
eisions. The stor Is reproducing here
the major part Of the address:
-------~---~-->----
shall. presiding over the trial Of
Aaron Burr. an alleged traitor,
deplored ANY attempt to
prejudice the public judgment,
and to try any person by
public feelings. which may be
and often are artificially excited
against the innocent. as well as
the guilty a practice not less
dangerous than 1t is criminal"
This is, a lesson in Americanism
that needs to be taught over and
over.
1t is difficult at times for people
to realize that the despised nil
norities in our midst are entitled
to equal justice under law. It is
easy to take the accusation as
the proof and to condemn those
who are charged with such I'M
speakable crimes as sedition or
espionage. Yet we know from
experience that If shortcuts are
taken as to some citizens. prece-
dent is established that lowers the
moral tone of the law and de-
grades it. Other minorities become
the next victim as the breakdown
in our safeguards and guarantees
continues.
These safeguards and guaran-
tees are designed to protect the
citizen not only against mobs, but
against Government itself. Pro-
cedural due process gives protec-
ton to the citizen against over
reaching officials. Abuse of power
by government is an ancient evil.
Those who drafted the Constitu-
ton and Bill Of Rights had per-
sonal experience with attorney
generals. public prosecutors and
even judges who were willing to
take shortcuts to carry out the
will of a king. Our forefathers
knew that a majority in demo-
cratic society could be as tyrani-
cal as any king. So these pro-
cedural safeguards we're inter-
posed to prevent overreaching by
officials, to immunize trials from
public hysteria, to make the public
trial in America a calm objective
affair, not spectacle.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-24
Observing Safeguards

These days there is occasional
derision Of a judge when he in
Sists on a meticulous observance
of those safeguards. I have even
heard a few lawyers say that the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-24

A discussion Of the Supreme Courts role
in protecting the rights OF oil citizens
to be condemned only for whot they
DO and not for what they think Or be-
lieve wos contained in recent speech
BY Justice DousIos OF the coIumbia
University Low Review dinner bseeuss
il is fronk. simple discussion Of some
recent controversial security" de-
eisions. The stor IS reproducing here
the moioF part Of the address:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-05-24

Votes of the nearby Maryland
and Virginia Legislators on major
roll calls in Congress last week:
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1959-05-07

In the early part of the century it was plodding
rafting baggage" or express" wagon-sometimes
horsedrawn sometimes mechanized-with leather cur
tans that rolled down to protect the passengers OPP
tional equipment included lenders windshield, and
tai-ght bracket BE sure to mention them If you
want Them" said the ads Mr.. Studebaker, however,
was making a wagon then that was called
station wagon" in keeping with his practice OF
applying names that fit the vehicles USE
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1959-05-07
On Wheels

During the twenties it became bulky, shaky
wooden box that looked ungainy and as uncom-
Portable as delivery truck although by then it was
called an ESTATE wagon" Strictly custom-but, it
earned this title as the fourth or fifth car in stable
of exclusive models carefully tended by the chauffeur
II was then used, most Often to bring weekend
guests and their gear from the station to the country
houses of the rich.
AS the twenties roared into history the first produc
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1959-05-07
The Saga Of the Station Wagon
from rafting horse drawn ancestor
to the sleek descendants Of 1859

ton model appeared, Ford Station Bus" mounted
on Model A chassis. Only about five thousand were
produced; the price was S65000 fob. Detroit. In
the thirties transportation began, new functions
we're discovered and the term station wagon" be-
came firmly established but so, it still accounted
for less than % of all auto sales. A wooden body
still its distinguishing feature and il was still more
playhing than work horse, up to the outbreak
of the Second World War.
Continued on neh page
The Sidney herald., 1959-08-26

IL MILES WEST-so 1t seems the marker at Dundas win have
to bo moved west about IT miles, or a new one erected at the new
center"
Nelson Stanley, upon whose farm the new obelisk Is headed.
seemed unconcerned. IT don't know that 1t means much" he said.
"But we'll be glad to have a marker just the same"
The nations center Of population Is the point upon which the
United States would balance If all its people were Of equal weight
Moving the center as OF this date came as a surprise. Back In
1850 the spot was pinpointed on the Carl Snider farm, near Dund1.
and after two days of celebration, teleWsion and radio broadcasting.
an obeisk was set up. for the 1O-year period. However, Dundas got
cheated. They're going to move the marker before its full 10-year
tenure The census people can't help it, really. because they had
no idea what the acquisition of new states would do tc the balance
of population.
INDICATES TRENDS-The early pioneers, year by year, started
the population shift toward the Mississippi river. The center Of
population is one of those imaginary but important reckonings, like
the North Pole or the equator. A mere dot on the map marked by
an obelisk, it nevertheless is a symbol that tells how the country
is growing. 1t is an indication of trends and the movement of peo-
whole nation. The 1890 census, spouing the population center
near Baltimore, seems homogeneous today. The next count, made III
1900, moved it west only 10 miles.
However, by 1910 the center had passed Washington, d. c. From
1920 to 1910 it shifted through West Virginia. 1t swept on. even
crossed the Aneghenies into Ohio. Indiana claimed
it by 1890. Since then, the center has moved slowly Another
but surely across central Illinois. ~. m..
1t is interesting to note that the acquisition of
Alaska and Hawaii caused another shift of II miles In 1860 >
to the west.
When heads are counted in 1860, another shift will be noted. And
it's a pretty safe bet to say that the trend will be-west.
Evidently we're still needing the advice Of Horace Greeley!
The Sidney herald., 1959-08-26
DOCTOR TALK
By JOHN B. REMBERT, NJ. d.

1t shouldn't be necessary at this
time to suggest again that all who
have not received their Polio vac
cine should do so without further
delay. All Of the latest figures
show that at this time there are
twice as many paralytic poliomye-
litis cases as reported at this time
in 1858. What is even more alarm
ing is that at the rate cases are
occurring at this time 1859 may
be the forst polio year since the
first Introduction of the Salk vac
cine in 1855.
Several figures will show what
is happening in the United States
4. in the four year period Of
1950-1954 before the Salk vaccine
was introduced there was an n
nual average Of $4,000, polio cases.
BY the end of 1857 the average
annual rate was below 5000 cases.
In the year 1858 the cases jumped
above the 5000 mark.
Considering only paralytic cas-
es of polio the average is nuch
greater for the first six months
Of 1859, some $50 paralytic cases
having been reported through the
week ended July 10, as against
437 cases for the same period Of
time a year ago.
After close checking of all para
lytic cases thus far reported in
1859 il is interesting to note that
nine out Of every ten persons SO
afflicted have not received the
full series of three Salk %innocula-
tons. Figures now available con
clusively prove that the Salk vac
cine is rs to 80 per cent effective
in combating the disease.
No shortage Of Salk vaccine now
exists anywhere in the United
States, SO if you are forty years of
age or under do not hesitate to
start your cancellations immedi-
The Sidney herald., 1959-08-26
{2PAREnT T2OBLEMS
Infant Care In Russia
Described By Educator
More Per Child

More Per Child
The persons in attendance
were of high quality, intelligent.
cheerful, loving; and far more
of them per child than in our
nursery schools. Presumably
nearly all Russian preschool
children are in nurseries. Corpo-
raj punishment is prohibited in
every child-rearing institution
and school throughout U.S.S.R.
Like other visitors in Russia.
DR.. Sem reports that school
children, even at the elementary
level, work terribly hard-a
six day week, ten months a
year" They seem to cover, in
ten years, more subject matter
than our children in twelve
years. Five hours of evening
homework in the upper grades
is not considered too much in
Russia.
Emphasis On Rote
There's more emphasis on
rote memory than on initiative
and original thinking. No I. @.
tests are used at any time. But
in the seventh grade and again
in the ninth, there are COM
petitive examinations to deter
mine what kind of education
training or work placement
each child is best suited for.
Russian students get far more
learning in mathematics, phys
lcs, chemistry, biology and
foreign languages than Amer
can students.
So DR.. Sem reports.
(My bulletins, tot Learning
Be Sociable" and Parents
IAN Help Child Succeed at
school," may be had by send
ng a self-addressed, u. S.
tamped envelope to me in care
f this newspaper.)
Answering Parents Questions
Q. If you were visiting with
our children, six to twelve
ears of age, at a farm for sew
days, would you require
hese children to do some chores
here?
A. I certainly would, and not
My for kindness to the host
nd hostess but also for the
laracter education of the chill
rem.
Syndicate, Inc.
The Sidney herald., 1959-08-26
WHERE ARE YOU SAFE

How small, weak and insignificant we mortals feel wher
a disaster such as the earthquake of last week occurs. Man
tries to convince himself that he is such an important being
how the main purpose is to climb to the top of the financial
ladder.
After such a smashing ca~tastrophy occurs our thoughts, at
least for a while, are directed to One that has SO often asked
us to love Him as He loves us.
How smart we think we are, as our scientists make plans
to even fly to the moon-yet how humble we should feel
when we think what could happen any place, any time, with
no allowance to anyone.
Isn't it better to know that we would have a few prayers
to our credit, rather than a million dollars in the bank, if we
were victims of such a catastrophy.
Anyone endowed with good common sense should real
ize that there isn't always going to be another chance
Sunday comes only once each week. WHERE ARE YOU
SAFE?
The Sidney herald., 1959-08-26
By GARRY CLEVELAND MYERS, Ph.D.

IN RUSSIA, most babies arr
born in hospitals where mother.
stay two weeks. There is moth
ing like our "rooming-in" plan
Except when brought to their
mothers to be nursed, babies
are kept in the nursery.
When the mother returns to
her job, she is excused from
work for the time required to
nurse her baby, who is being
cared for in the factory or some
other nearby creche. Over 90
per cent of Russian women
nurse their babies. AS most
mothers work they get four
months maternity leave at full
pay-two before the baby is
born and two after.
Birth Rate Increasing
Abortion has been legalized
since 1856. Yet the birth rate
there. like ours, has been in
creasing.
Such are some of the personal
observations reported in last
winters edition of Child Study,
by DR.. Milton ]. E. Sem. Di-
rector of the Yale Child Study
Center.
Some further observations by
DR.. Sem:
Babies in Russia are swad-
died during much of the first
year. This practice is in sharp
contrast to our practices. We
assume that the infant needs
freedom to wiggle, twist and
turn, wave his arms and legs
and raise his head.
Unusual Play Pen
At creeping age, the Russian
baby is placed in a play pen
with horizontal and vertical
bars. Later he goes into a large
community pen with children of
assorted ages, where there are
ramps and steps with toys on
a platform above them as a lure {,
to climbing" .
The nurseries are we'll
equipped with apparent en-
phasis on motor and mental de-
velopment. Yet there are dolls c
and doll corners Suggesting a
that the tender emotions are c
honored and cultivated, too" d
c 1859. King Feature
The Sidney herald., 1959-08-26
SCORES USE OF CTS

Senator Paul H. Doublas d.
Ill.) has said that nearly 5000
service men were being used as
grocery store clerks in military
commissary stores.
We are losing the equivalent of
two full combat regiments by hav-
ing enlisted personnel sell bread,
meat and canned goods Douglas
claims. He also said that "A farce
has been made of the law" gov
erning such establishments inside
the United States.
The Sidney herald., 1959-08-26
RECORD

More Americans were at work
last month than at any time il
the nations history.
The Labor Department has re-
ported that in mid-July employ
jment stood at 81, 1894, 900, an in
crease of $4,000 over June, when
The previous record was set, and
2,415,000 more than a year ago.
The Sidney herald., 1959-08-26
TO MAP UNKNOWN

The United States IN Inc coming
year Will explore unknown areas
Of Antarctica, attempt to deter
mine if the frozen continent is
divided, and study the BIRDS and
fishes Of the polar region.
These plans for the exploration
in l959-6O were announced recent
~ by the National Science Foun-
dation, which has been given res
possibility for directing the Uni
ted States antarctic research pro-
pram.
The Sidney herald., 1959-08-26
IKE A R STEEL wi

The fourth week of the national
steel strike has ended with Presi-
dent Eisenhower standing fast
against White House Intervention.
Aides report that the President
is holding to this position in the,
face of Democratic calls for direct
Federal pressure to end the tie
up before Premier Nikita S.
Khrushchev of the Soviet Union
arrives here in mid-September.
The Sidney herald., 1959-08-26

The center MAO SHHteu West ITUH q SPOt "e"r
Dundas, H.. in Richland county, to the Nelson
Stanley farm. about eight miles from Louisville,
in Clay county. the news CAME as a surprise to
many, for usually the U. S. population census
is given publicity only on 10-year intervals. The
next official census will be In 1860.
However, it seems that the acquisition OF
Hawaii and Alaska has changed the existing
balance, so the event made the headlines. In
other words, the obelisk which since 1850 has
been lust of Illinois route 100 at Dundas. ILL.,.
il no longer the official center" even though
the official census taking Is still over 4 year in
the future. The acquisition Of Hawai- and Alaska
caused the shift westward.
The Sidney herald., 1959-08-26
Household Hint

If shoes air for a day be-
tween wearings, perspiration
viii not have a chance to rot
Innings and leather. This pre
caution can double the life Of
shoes.
The Sidney herald., 1959-08-26
Odd Fact

When an arrow and part Of a
longbow were stolen from q
statue of Robin Hood, the
Sheriff of Nottingham, England,
instituted an about search.
The Sidney herald., 1959-08-26
AdideWAShINGT0M
==MARcH OF EVENT. ==
MARCH OF EVENTS
Louisville, Ill.,, Seems
Unexeifed Over Shift
Center of Population
Agoin Moves Westward
By N
Central Press Association Washington Writer

Central Press Associdtion Washington WTIleT
Observation-Disclosures George Montgomery of Louisville, ILL.,,
w is a calm man. When told that his town was the population
center" of the United States. he remarked, That's ,nice-but it's
nothing to get excited about, is it?"
Some of the reporters who have beer trying &c pnpomt n exact
center r mora excited than the mayor.
When the United States Census Bureau announced May Is that
The Sidney herald., 1959-08-26
VETERANS AID

The Senate Finance Committee
has approved legislation to pro-
vide liberalized pensions for vet
Grams of World War II and the
Korean conflict whose disabilities
were not connected with their
service.
The measures, scaled down
somewhat, are the benefits ap-
proved by the House of Represen-
tatives on June Is.
The Sidney herald., 1959-08-26

--Notes--
O NEW FUEL PLANS

The Air Force has Cancelled a
500, 900, 900 program to develop
chemical fuel for high-speed
bombers and fighter-interceptors.
The cancellation raised specu-
lation in the Pentagon over the
future of the multi billion-dollar
program involving the BIO
Valkyrie and the Fl08 Rapier.
Evening star., 1959-10-25
STATISTICS

touchdown in each of the final
three periods. A year ago, vir-
tually the same squad won only
two of nine games.
The defeat was Colgate's
eleventh straight, and fifth this
season.
Tom Singleton, Yale's junior
quarterback, started the Blues
off with a 4-yard touchdown
run around end just before the
first half ended. Winkler'S bril-
liant run over the slippery turf
came in the third period and
Bob Blanchard wrapped it up
in the final quarter with a
12-yard blast down the middle.
Colgate made only two seri-
Gus threats. The Red Raiders
missed a field goal attempt from
the 80 early in the first quarter
and Yale stopped them on the
2 by intercepting a pass in the
second quarter.
A pass, Singleton to Nick
KangaS after the Blues first
touchdown, and Ed Kaake's
placement after the third ac-
counted for Yale's extra points.
Yale piled up 13 first downs
and held Colgate to 8. The Yale
line limited Colgate to 79 yards,
See YALE, Page D-2
Evening star., 1959-10-25
STATISTICS

passes. scored a touchdown,
ran 16 times for 66 yards and
passed for II to account for
more than half the Nittany
Lions total yardage.;
The game, scheduled as part
of the st. Lawrence Seaway
celebration, drew only 15,O45
Illinois converted two breaks
into scores, turning a recovered
tumble into a 30-yard field
goal by Cliff Roberts in the
opening period and a pass in
Perception into a second-per-
iod touchdown by Fullback Bill
Brown.
But Penn State went the
long way to get it's first two
scores. The victors marched 65
yards in nine plays in the first
period with Lucas going the
last four on a keeper play. Ir
the second period, the Lio6y
went 81 yards in IA plays in g
drive spanning the first anc
second quarters with HalfbacE
Dick Pae scoring from the one.
yard line.
The third score was practi.
cally a gift. Gary Kolb of Illi-
See PENN STATE, Page D.:
Evening star., 1959-10-25
FLOWERS RIPS UP LINE
Ole Miss Crushes
Rozorbocks, 28-0

MEMPHIS, Tenn, Oct. "a
(AP).-With Fullback Charlie
Flowers ripping Arkansas line
to tatterS, mighty Mississippi
man-handled the Razorbacks
$50, today.
Flowers rammed over two
touchdowns in a bitter first-half
scramble that left the Razor
backs reeling. Fullback Jim
Anderson and Quarterback Jake
Gibbs also hit paydirt for the
Rebels.
The heavy but agile Missis-
sippi line kept the frustrated
Porkers bottled up most of the
game. A ferocious goal-line
stand late in the game stopped
Arkansas best effort on the
Ole Miss five.
Bid for High Ranking
Ole Miss, a 10-point favorite,
controlled play from the start,
piling up 201 yards rushing to
Arkansas LOG and using just
enough passes to keep the de-
fense of balance.
It was a strong bid for a
Evening star., 1959-10-25
STATISTICS

higher berth in the national
football rankings. Ole Miss
stands fourth in the Associated
Press poll. Arkansas was tenth,
The Rebel touchdowns came
on drives of 80, Sc. 40 and 20
yards.
The 20 yard setup came in the
second quarter when Arkansas
Halkback Lance Alworth, back
to punt. fumbled a low snap
from center. Four plays later
Flowers dived over from the
three.
But Ole Miss already had
shown who was boss on the 49,
play. 80-yard drive that wound
up the first period. The big
bite came when. Quarterback
Bobby Franklin, with Arkansas
See MISSISSIPPI, Page D-S