davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The people's voice., 1959-04-10
A RESERVOIR OF 100000
JOBLESS IN MICHIGAN

The State of Michigan recently
reported that some $1,000 jobs have
evaporated in the past three years
in the states automobile plants be-
cause of automation, and it is esti-
mated by experts on manpower prob
lens. that some 100000 Michigan
auto workers will be and remain un-
employed even after the last rem
nants of recession has disappeared.
This is due partly to the new auto
mated equipment in the Michigan
auto plants and partly to a shifting
of the industry to new and more
modern plants elsewhere. These two
elements may we'll combine to make
Detroit a depressed area with a sur
plus labor force for long time to
come.
What is true of autos is also true
of electrical manufacturing.
Only few years ago, workers
were exhorted to produce and told
repeatedly that high productivity
was the key to higher living stand
ard. In 1853, the nations mills and
factories employed some seventeen
million workers. Two years later,
with production higher than ever,
total employment i'm manufactur-
ing numbered only something over
sixteen million.
The past several years has seen a
tremendous surge in plant and capi-
tai investment. America now has
more factories than ever before. This
should have been a period of rising
employment in manufacturing, but
such has not been the case-even be-
fore the current recession. 1t is fast
becoming a fact that the greater the
capital investment per worker, the
The people's voice., 1959-04-10

fewer workers that factory en-
ploys in proportion to it's output.
ROBOTS ALSO REPLACING
WHITE COLLAR WORKERS
Until recently, there had been a
growth in the white collar office and
sales workforce. But this field, like
that of the factory worker, shows a
marked trend toward mechanization
and automation with the end result
that what has happened to the fac
tory worker is also happening to the
white collar worker.
A typewriter has been patented
which automatically writes up a
stenographer's notes. The notes are
made on tape with stenographic
machine and then fed into translat-
ing machine. The translator turns
the symbols into standard English
and stores the letters. The machine
then operates the typewriter keys.
A new computer control process
developed by Los Angeles company
can add numbers at the rate of 1000
a second, can do $50 multiplications
a second and has a memory of al
most 5000 words.
A Texas company official has
pointed out that these new develop
ments will "assure a new degree of
automatic control" in refining. OBJ
viously, it will displace white collar
workers and production workers
alike.
There are some service areas that
probably will never be mechanical
or automated, but the trend is def
nitely in this direction wherever there
is even a possibility of eliminating
direct labor.
In 1929, it took farm population
of thirty-one million to feed the
nation. Today, with a farm popula-
tion of only 19 million, we are feed
ing a third more people while piling
up huge "surpluses".
The people's voice., 1959-04-10

when we yield to the greed of
the money lenders who go on
sitdown strike, we are in the posi-
ton where we shall be invading
outer space with our interest rates
sooner than with our missiles. -
Sen. Mike Monroney (D-Okla.) at
tacking increase in CT housing in
terest rates.
The people's voice., 1959-04-10

not permit, nor can | answer my own
questions. However, l believe con-
ferences such as this are intended to
pose questions and food for thought
so that we can begin seeking the
answers to the problems we surely
face.
The people's voice., 1959-04-10
WHAT WILL SOCIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS BE?

University professors and others
in the field of social sciences dis
agree on the answers to the above
question. Prof. William A. Faunce
of Wayne University said that, "work-
ers in automated plants tend to be-
come friendless, isolated Individuals.
If so, will this carry into the family
life and weaken family ties?
Forty-seven per cent of workers
in conventional jobs reported that
they make friendships through their
work associations. Professor Faunce
found that only thirteen per cent in
automated plants reported similar
experiences.
Will this tend to destroy mans de-
sire for close social contact?
Automation, in due time, will
force the nation into a shorter work
week and a shorter work day.
Will workers be prepared to utilize
the extra hours and days, made avail
able by these changes, to social and
family betterment or will they Ian
guish in idleness to the result of
social decline?
Will wages and salaries continue
to keep pace with production so that
workers can buy the products of their
toll or will they be denied these things
and suffer privation and poor living
standards? How will family life be
affected by either result?
i
rapid pace, with resulting unemploy-
ment. will it force workers to leave
their communities and their families
to seek employment elsewhere. How
will this displacement and family
separation affect family relations?
l could go on listing many probable
effects on family life, but time does
The people's voice., 1959-04-10

huLOHldIlOil 10 progress anu S0OuIu
not be feared. However, we must not
wait until it overwhelms US, but must
plan now to make adjustments in
order to deal effectively with the
problems which, certainly, are Gre
ated by such changes.
Great things were promised when
automation first loomed upon the
American industrial horizon. Labor
was warned not to rock the boat or
to stand in the way of the great cleo
tronic revolution which would free
man from routine and drudgery for
new heights of cultural attainment.
"Automation," we were informed,
"has opened up whole new world
to u.s."
Without automation, it was said,
we would be faced with grave labor
shortage, since ''the working force
of the nation is currently growing
smaller in relation to the total pop
ulation. The grave danger, said the
experts, was not that automation
would come too fast but that 1--WE
ought to be thinking in terms of
speeding it up rather than slowing
it down..
Automation, unlike the first in
dustrial revolution, was supposed
to create new jobs even before
the old ones were destroyed. The
new automation h or zon was
searched and found limitless. The
only real challenge was supposed
to have been mans own capacity
to evolve ever better methods of
robot production.
John Diebold, high mogul of the
new technology, told CIO confer
ence on automation in 1866, "There
will be a need for more and more
technicians and highly skilled main
tenance men. We are already woefully
short of personnel in this regard -"
"Automation" Diebold bravely con-
cluded, 'holds no threat to our econ
omy. By giving us increased produc-
tivity, on the contrary, it promises
to invigorate the economy. l think it
is fair to say that automation offers
as great a challenge, and reward,
as any which we have ever known.
In sense, Diebold was right. Au-
tomation has offered a great chal-
lenge and a great promise. But the
very plenty that automation has
helped to bring about has meant the
displacement of millions of workers.
There are between five and six mil
lion unemployed today. There have
not been new jobs at better pay for
these people!
The people's voice., 1959-04-10
MILLIONS BEING DRIVEN
FROM THE LAND

Farms are being abandoned at the
rate of 100000 annually. Agricultur-
al economists feel that the trend will
continue unabated and that farm
population will be again cut in half
within two decades. The new indus
trial revolution on the farm is driv-
ing these millions from the land just
as automation and advanced mech
anization are displacing workers from
industrial jobs and encroaching on
the jobs of white collar and service
workers.
Today there is no real production
problem. Latest figures show con-
clusively that during the post World
War II period output has topped
population growth. This has permitted
rising living standards.
However, maldistribution of in
come and lack of adequate buying
power among the great majority
of the population have once again
resulted in a situation where we
are threatened by the very plenty
that our farms and factories can
turn out.
Automation itself is not entirely to
blame, however. Used intelligently
and with social responsibility, this new
production method can prove to be
a blessing for ourselves and the free
world.
1t would be foolhardy not to recog-
nize why industry is installing the
new method of production. The pur-
pose is the same as it has always
been-to reduce labor costs by elimi-
mating jobs. And there is nothing in
herently evil in this, since any method
of eliminating needless routine and
dull toll has great potentialities for
better world and better living. But
the two-way narrow view of manage
ment which has sought to cut labor
costs by introducing automation and
at the same time jacking up prices
of goods produced, is wrong. Instead
of creating the broader market essen
tial to full employment, manage
ment's policies have led first to con-
stricting the market, then to slowing
down the economic growth rate and,
now, to decline in production.
TOWARD A DECISION
Our job then, is to make our enter
prise system work at optimum capac-
itv in thic aUa of aI1tomation and
The people's voice., 1959-04-10

make 1t produce ever increasing ben
efits for the American people.
Public policy should clearly &C
knowledge the role of government in
good times and bad and make gov.
ernment action mandatory when there
is clear indication that satisfactory
economic growth and stability is not
being achieved and maintained.
Tax policy must also be viewed as
an instrument for the elimination OF
gross inequities in income distribu-
ton. There is obviously something
seriously wrong in a modern society
that still permits the few to live in
extreme luxury while millions go
without adequate housing, food, and
clothing.
Long range planning of public
works - roads, hospitals, schools,
water and power resources, soil
conservation, low income housing,
and recreational facilities must be
geared to the needs of an expand
ing population. These are wealth.
creating activities which over the
longer run will add to the national
output of goods and services.
1t is time, too, to recognize that
broad programs of social and welfare
legislation are essential to an eX-
panding economy. 1t makes good sense
for our minimum wage laws to con-
tain an upward escalator permitting
for the higher output
made possible by the new technology.
1t is more than foolhardy to talk
about economic stabilizers and then
to gear our unemployment insurance
system to yesterdays technology. 1t
is criminal to exclude our elder citi-
zens from the better living that can
be theirs, by claiming them to the
social security legislation that was
even yesterday.
What is needed is a declaration of
public policy establishing direction
for the nation. There is no danger
to our enterprise system inherent in
such public policy. 1t would leave
ownership and control of industry
and save our system,
from the excesses to which it has
been prone.
Minimal planning consistent with
private enterprise and free labor is
essential if the new industrial revo-
ution is to be meaningful to the
American people and if we are to
prevent the dis-integration of the
rec world alliance.
1 have tried to show by my pre-
yious remarks, that there are extra
ordinary problems facing the Ameri-
an labor force.
What, then, will be the effects of
on the family life of the
workers.?
The people's voice., 1959-04-10
Worth Your Reading Time
Worth Your Reading Time
Effects of Automution and Permanent
Job Displacement On Family Life

An address by JAMES MBER President Montana State AFCO
Delivered March TO- 1859 The Family
the World of Work" Montana State University Campus,
Missoua Montana
The people's voice., 1959-04-10
TOWARD A DECISION

Our job then, is to make our enter
prise system work at optimum capac-
ity in this age of automation and
The people's voice., 1959-04-10

fewer workers that a factory en-
ploys in proportion to it's output.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-16
BY DAY THORPE
Star Music Critic

AS S or s hundred music
lovers are intimately aware, the
Cathedral Choral Society has
!naugurated new kind Of mu-
sicale this summer. It is the
singfest. a concert to which
everybody is welcome who has
a voice and some money. Not
much money is necessary-only
a dollar-and also not much
voice, but last night a large
choir turned up at the Cathe-
dral which showed much more
than the minimum voice and
the minimum musicianship,
The result was the type Of
music making which delights
me more than almost any other.
The music was Israel in
Egypt" by Handel. and the
conductor was Wayne Dirksen.
associate choirmaster and or
ganist Of the Cathedral. The
orchestra was a single piano
played upon by two excellent
oratorio pianists - Rebecca
Spatz and Virginia Reinecke.
The soloistS were Mary Anne
Stable and Phyllis Giesler, So
pranos; william Murphy and
George Fortune. BASES; counter
tenor. Richard Levitt, and Carl
Kaiser, tenor.
The chorus was the hundreds
of observation-disclosures who wanted
TO sing. They were anonymous
but not anomalous. The choral
singing was by all odds the best
sight reading by a large chorus
that I have heard in nearly 20
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-16

|
Where America sells its
surplus food abroad. perhaps
ways can be found to use those
currencies either to establish
plants abroad to do the print
ing Job or to finance contracts
with local printers to do
the publishing" he said.
He offered the program to
counter Communist domination
especially in Asia, Of the mar
ket for books that sell for less
than 10 cents.
IF we can turn our excess
(food) into currencies that can
be used to tell the thrilling
story of American democracy
to the people Of the world" he
said, I'VE will oe well on oug
way to win this cold war"
He said that while the United
States Information Agency now
is competing with Communist
efforts at the level of books
sold for 10 cents or more, I'VE
are not offering competition at
the level Of the anna Q.3
cents"
In countries such as India,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-16

where incomes are low, "even a
l0-cent book may represent q
large outlay for some families, I"
Justice Douglas said.
"A real penetration has been
made into the low-price book
markets Of Asia, particularly In
India" he said. THE Commu-
nists no longer have the mo-
nopoly they once enjoyed"
Nevertheless. he added. ut is
still true that the Communists
largely dominate the market Of
books that sell for under 10
cents"
Justice Douglas, an author
himself. said that countries in
command Of the market of low
price books will assert great
leverage over the minds Of those
just learning to read"
He also pointed out that
there are great problems Of
translation. distribution and
publication which still confront
the United States and which
have been solved by Communist
nations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-16
NEWS OF MUSIC
Unframed Hundreds
. Form q Fine Chorus

years association with choral
societies.
Israel in Egypt" is a work
that appeals to me even more
than The Messiah" The text
is a wonderful compilation,
mostly from Exodus. and the
setting is the greatest string
Of choruSes Handel or anyone
else ever wrote. throughout
which are intermingled solos,
fewer in number than in Mes
siah." but no less moving. The
fundamental sense Of the whole
piece is that God can take
care Of His enemies; He has
thrown both horse and rider
into the sea. and anyone who
doesn't get the pitch has only
hellflre TO look forward to. II
is all extraordinarily exciting.
Or the SoloiStS, Miss Stable
and Mr.. Murphy were out
standing. The latter is a fine
bass. strong. smooth and Of
great musical insight. The for
mer is. in the opinion of one
who has heard her four or
five times in the last year
that is in my opinion-one Of
Washington's outstanding So
pranoS. Hardly less impressive
were Mr.. Levitt. Mr.. Kaiser,
Miss Giesler and Mr.. Fortune.
Mr.. Dirksen, who as aSsoci-
ate Of Paul Galloway does not
often have the opportunity to
conduct the Cathedral's big
choral works. proved himself
an artist Of insight in his feel
ing for Handel. and an almost
unequaled craftsman in his
ability to weld the great body
Of unframed singers into O
Y,nusicia niv WhOle
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-16
Douglas Suggests Way
TOWN Bottle of Books

Supreme Court Justice Douglas last night suggested the
United States finance the printing Of lowpced books for
distribution with ocacurency payments for surplus
food.
Justice Douglas revealed his unsua plan before more
than 600 attending the international session Of the
American Booksellers Association convention at the Shoreham
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-16
A revolution is taking place
in your town

In many small US. towns and cities, an impor-
tant change is taking place. And it's mostly in
the people - the way they live, the way they
Think the way they get along. Don't miss Post
Editor Stewart Alsops delightful report on the
New England way of life - and on the forces that
are changing small towns everywherel
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-06-16

TIE ZIG REASON WHY.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-08-20

son, Robert, were shoppers ir
Caldwell, Tuesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Galen Ellison
have resumed their duties at the
Ohio Fuel Gas Co., Byesville and
j. c. Penney's Co., at Cambridge
after enjoying a weeks vacation
at their home. On Thursday they
visited Mr.. and Mrs. Charles
Weber in Columbus.
Mr.. and Mrs. Duane Williams
and children have returned home
after a weeks vacation in Penn
sylvania.
The Clifford Secrest and
Thomas Nicholson families were
Saturday evening guests of rel
atives in New Concord.
Mr.. and Mrs. Warren Miley
and daughter, Betty, Mr.. and
Mrs. Dean Shriver and Mr.. and
Mrs. Noah Shriver enjoyed a bar
cue supper at the Shriver's
home Wednesday evening in
honor of the latter's wedding
anniversary. Mrs. Doris Haught
and son were later evening
guests.
Mrs. Mona Eddy and children,
of Canton, visited the past week
with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
Thomas Finnegan and other local
relatives and friends.
Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas Buckley
and children, of Middlesboro,
KY, are visiting their parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. Victor Oliver, local,
and Mr.. and Mrs. John Buckley,
near Ava.
Mrs. Robert Crow has been
dismissed from Cambridge Com
munity hospital after undergoing
surgery. Mrs. Edna johnson is
spending a few days at the Crow
home.
Mr.. Everett Secrest, Mr.. and
Mrs. Warren Miley and daughter,
Betty, were business callers in
GAINESVILLE, Wednesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Joe Mckee have
moved from the William Mccall
property to their new home on
route 2.
A large crowd attended the
wedding shower for Mr.. and
Mrs. Dean Shriver at the Mt.
Zion Lutheran church, Saturday
evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Galen Ellison
attended the Ava Sunday school
picnic at Cambridge, Thursday.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-08-20
Morrison Reunion

The annual Morrison reunion
was held at the Stafford park,
August 9. A basket dinner was
served at noon. The afternoon
was spent visiting, string music,
singing and playing games.
Everyone had good time.
Those present were: Irwin Nor
rison, Mr.. and Mrs. Jesse Ros-
sitter and Nancy, Mr.. and Mrs.
Parker Crum and family, Mr.
and Mrs. Howard Morrison and
family, Mr.. and Mrs. Everett
Archer and family, Mr.. and Mrs.
Clarence Morrison and Tom.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lee Gildow, Mr..
and Mrs. James Bettinger and
family, Mr.. and Mrs. Zaile Mar
tin, Mr.. and Mrs. Jim Stevens
and family, Mrs. Lucille Smith,
Mr.. and Mrs. Roger Love of
Caldwell, Mr.. and Mrs. Jewett
Morrison, Mr.. and Mrs. Robert
Hartman and family, Mr.. and
Mrs. John Morrison, Mrs. Kath-
ryn Poland and family, Mrs. Bes-
sic Love, Mr.. and Mrs. Wilbert
Hardesty and Shirley, Mr.. and
Mrs. haywood Love and daugh-
ter.
Those attending from a dis
tance were: Mr.. and Mrs. James
Morrison and son, Paul of Cincin-
natl; Mr.. and Mrs. Lawrence
Franks and son, Bob, Bolivar;
Mr.. and Mrs. Flouil Morrison of
Cleveland; Mr.. and Mrs. Robert
Markey and family of Paines-
vile: MIR. and Mrs. Edgar
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-08-20
PERSON.
Hazel ShuttlewOrth, of Lewis

Hazel Shuttlew0rth, of Lewis
street, was among the dinner
guests Sunday in the home of
Mrs. Nola Clymer, Dexter City
Mrs. Lola Dunlap, of Zanes-
vile, visited recently with her
aunt, Mrs. Sciesta Kuntz, of
Sharon.
Weekend guests in the home
of Mr.. and Mrs. Virgil Watson,
Belford street, were Mr.. and
Mrs. o. H. Moore, of VanWert.
Mrs. Jack Mclaughlin and
daughters, of Indianapolis, Ind,
are enjoying an extended visit
with her parents, DR.. and Mrs.
N. S. Reed, Chautauqua Court.
Sunday dinner guests in the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. r. f. Haas,
of Elba, were Mr.. and Mrs.
Charles Moore and daughter,
Janice Diane, Mrs. Billy Pryor
and children, Chris, Pam and
Brad, Mr.. and Mrs. Elden Haas
and daughter, Nancy 10, Kenneth
Haas and Allen Hupp.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ernest ROhrer
and daughters, of Harriettsville,
have returned from a vacation
trip, to Kentucky and other
points of interest.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. O. StOckwell,
of GAINESVILLE, were Caldwell
visitors Friday.
Mrs. Marvellous McCauley, of
Belle Valley, is visiting with her
daughter, Mrs. Virginia Griffin
and family Of Steubenville.
Recent visitors in the home Of
Mr.. and Mrs. II. w. BankeS, of
Cumberland street, were Mrs
Louise Craford and Mrs. Nellie
Karcher of Moundsville, w. Va;
jamie Bankes of Rinard Mills
Carl Martin: Mrs. Mary McKit-
rick and Judy Hill of Columbus
Carl Martin, Mr.. and Mrs
Bankes and jamie Bankes also
| visited with Mrs. Lola Ullmar
at the Rocky Glen Sanatorium
| McConnelSVille.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-08-20
State Income
Is5oaring From,
New Tax Income

State income scared while eX-
penses dropped slightly during
the first month of the 1959-6O
fiscal year records in the office
of State Auditor James A.
Rhodes reveal.
The states business year was
off to a flying start with $149,-
306,309.65 in income reported
during July. This was nearly $44
million ahead of the same month
last year.
During the same time spending
fell off $lla million last month
as compared to July year ago.
The state wrote checks totalling
$l04,475,840.07 last month. Ex-
penditures totaled $l06,006, ,576.91
the first month of the last fiscal
year.
Rhodes said new taxes were
partially responsible for the
rise in state revenue. He pointed
out however that full effect of
the additional two cents tax on
gasoline was not reflected fully
since those collections are about
two months behind. Total gaso-
line tax last month was $15,293,-
053.04. The new two cents tax
accounted for $2,551, ,429.83 Of that
amount. Also not included in
the gasoline tax total is the one
cent tax which goes into the
highway bond retirement fund.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1959-08-20
Cunningham Reunion

The Cunningham reunion was
held Sunday, Aug. 16 at Cam,
bridge City park.
Those present were Mrs. Mar
garet Cunningham and son
Erbin of Sarallsville; Mr.. anC
Mrs. Ernest Wickham and chill,
dren, Ernest and Alice Marie o1
Columbus; Mr.. and Mrs. James
Rhodes and children, Jimmy
Ronnie and Martha; Mr.. and Mrs
Eugene McElroy and daughters
Kathrine and Marcella; Mrs
Lille Moore, Mr.. and Mrs. Rich
ard Andrews, Mr.. and Mrs
Wayne Cunningham of Zanes,
vile.
Mr.. and Mrs. Brady Cunning
ham of Pleasant City; Mrs. Will
liam Wanger, Riverton, New
Jersey; Mr.. and Mrs. Tracy
Nichols, Miami, Florida; Eunice
Cunningham, Adamsville; Rich.
ard Alan Gardner, Jacksonville
N. c.
Mr.. and Mrs. Roger Cunning,
ham and children, Diana, Jean
Junior, Jackie, Darlene, Caro-
and Shirley; Darrell Garrett Of
Byesville.
Mr.. and Mrs. Everett Cunning.
ham and children, Shirley, jim
and David, of Caldwell; Robert
Gray, Cambridge; Mr.. and Mrs
Walter Miracle, James Gadd O.
Byesville.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harvey Hahn anc
son, Alan, of West Lafayette; Mr.
and Mrs. Robert Gress and chill.
dren, Brent and Linda of Coshoc.
ton.
Mr.. and Mrs. Vernon Moore
and daughters, Carol, Judy, Joyce
and Janet; Johnny Warner, o-
Summerfield.