davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-01
ADMIRAL BURKE SPEAKS OUT


HotD the United States should
eTpend its money and energy to
make the strongest possible de-
tense In the face OF Sopiet
threats has been a Ituelv coBtro-
Versv In Washington for a long
time. Most OF the criticism has
originated at the Capitol.
Last meek too high officials
spoke out on the problem. The
first was Admiral Arleigh A.
Burke. Chief OF Naval Opera
tons, IN a speech at Charles
ton. S. c.
The second iDas President Eli
senhower tpho stressed the need
for balance In remarks at his
press conference and cited Ad-
mirGl Burke's speech on. the
same subject as Indeed good"
This Is the teri OF the parts of
the admirars speech dealing
NTH the subject:
We must make sure that Russia
knows we have enough to destroy
the Soviet Union. and that we
win use it II she launches q
nuclear attack.
There is no point trying to
equate our requirements and capa-
bilities with the enemy's. Our
requirements are entirely different
and our capabilities must be de-
veloped around our own needs.
We do not need to engage in an
endless arms race with the Soviets
in ballistic missiles, any more
than We have attempted to race
them in numbers Of submarines
or army divisions.
The really important thing
about q deterrent force is not
numbers but invulnerability, not
total numbers built, but numbers
we win be able to use. In making
our retaliatory forces secure from
enemy attack, we do not need
great numbers Of missiles and
bomhers.
Whether the USSR has one half
or as many or several times as
many missiles as the United
States. 10 really academic as long
Is We have the assured capability
Of destroying Russia, and as long
as the Soviets know it. and are
really convinced Of 1t.
There is. in fact. far greater
psychological advantage for the
United States in having this
capability than in allowing our
selves to be drawn into a fluitless
ard unnecessary race on Soviet
terms.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-01
Dark Africa:
Rough Dawn

The spreading tide Of national
ism In central Africa brought new
rioting and seething unrest last
week to the Belgian Congo. Rho
desia, Nyasaland and Tanganyika.
British troops were rushed to trou-
BILE spots in Southern Rhodesia.
More than 435 Nationalist leaders
were rounded up by security forces
and confined in hastily erected
barbed-wire pens. Five Africans
were shot to death in skirmishes
with police and troops.
Sporadic rioting continued in
the Belgian Congo. where the
Brussels government has begun
steps toward greater autonomy
for the colony. An advisory body
made UP Of Congo natives has
been named to sit as q Native
Council, but without powers ex-
cept to advise the Governor Gen.
eral. But this body. plus others to
be set up in the provinces, Is ex-
pected to prepare the way for
later creation Of native legislative
councils. elected by direct suf-
frage, which will enjoy lawmaking
powers.
In London, the British govern
ment speeded O broad.scaie re-
view Of the nationalist surge.
There appears to be little organ
lied pattern to the disturbances
thus far, but the movement 10
growing rapidly throughout CEN
trail Africa. The examples Of
Ghana, formerly the British CO.
lony Of the Gold Coast, and Of
Guinea, until recently q French
colony, both now independent ma
tons. have inspired African ma
tionalists with new zeal and de-
termination.
European powers with African
colonial territories are concerned
with heading of explosions like
that in Kenya. where the Mau
Mau launched a reign of terror,
murder and burnings suppressed
with great difficulty and still
smoldering. Methods Of orderly.
gradual transfers Of power from
the colonial administration to
native hands are being studied in
tensely. Such q transition was
signally effective In Ghana, colo
NAL ofdcials point out.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-01
that which they don't want US to

that which they don't want US to
know.
II they had . particular capa-
bility. would they make such
statements as TO cause Us 10 build
an appropriate response to, that
particular threat?
II the Kremlin really intends
to exploit an advantage. would II
not be better for them to remain
quiet and surprise US with deeds
rather than words?
The United States is embarked
upon a defense program aimed
at meeting our security needs. BY
not entering q numbers race with
the Soviets on their terms we also
avoid the limitless economic drain
which such a race would involve.
We can afford what we have to
afford for United States security,
but also. We must spend our
funds for what we need. We
must apportion our funds care
fully to meet all the contingencies
facing US.
A general nuclear war deterrent
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-01

athletics. In the arts, In scientific
achievement, In industry. political
maneuver. and everything else.
This is the challenge which faces
the United States. The Soviets
have not said they were going TO
take the world through general
nuclear war. What they have said
Is that communism Is the wave Of
the future, and will make over the
world 'fh
Fifteen years ago we thought
the; Soviet Union would build a
massive force Of long-range air.
craft. They certainly had the capa-
bility Of doing 1t. But they did not
build many.
Two years ago we were given a
Jolt with their unwilling of q new
and powerful long-range jet
bomber, the Bison. But the So
viets. did not build many Of these
either.
Today their space achievements
are impressive. Their objective is
twofold. First they want to be
really able to develop the military
capability which, is implied by
such achievements. They need not
necessarily do 1t, but they want to
be able to do so If they think they
have to,
Their second objective Is to dem
onstrate to the world the techno-
logical proficiency Of the USSR:
they want to show the world that
they can do 1t.
Both Of these have their roots
In Soviet psychological pressure
on US, on our allies, and on the
rest Of the world. both within and
outside the Sino- Soviet bloc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-01
The choIIense We Foes

This Is the challenge which
faces the entire Nation today. It
is the challenge Of facing Com
munist competition in every line
Of human endeavor. 1t is a chal-
lenge which will not be met with
slogans. gimmicks and simple an
swers.
1t is a challenge which sum-
mons all Americans once again
to reaffirm our purpose in the
world community of nations, and
to pursue that purpose with yigor,
and not be detected by the cold
winds of communism.
Let US take a hard look at what
is happening in the world, q hard
look at what is happening to our
markets in the world, and let US
look at the Soviet economic Of
fensive and determine how well
we are responding to it.
Let us take a hard look at what
we need in military hardware.
The answers will not be found
in mathematical equations or with
master-stroke answers. We are
talking about the whole spectrum
of human endeavor. for which
there is no single or simple for
mula.
The United States is ahead to-
day, but we will stay ahead only
by the dint of hard work, by
higher standards of individual
achievement, by the exercise of
free initiative, and by placing our
personal comforts and interests
second to the interests of strong.
virile and dynamic United States.
This is not a one-man job. 1t
is not a northumberland job,
nor a job only for a million men.
1t is a challenge to one hundred
and seventy million Americans. 1t
is a job for you and for me, for
all of us, for your children, and
your children'S children. for as
lon gas they live they will live
in competition.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-01
This Week
In Congress

The Senate Labor Committee
Monday will begin drafting the
labor reform bill that will be
sent to the Senate floor for
action. The House Labor Com
mittee will open hearings
Wednesday on similar legisla-
ton.
Hawaiian statehood and the
Housing bill will be taken up
during the week in the House,
in that order.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-01
Labor:
Pressure

President Eisenhower doesn't
think ANY good" can come out
OF mass demonstration in
Washington of unemployed
workers. President George
Meany of the AFL-CIO doesn't
think much of the idea either. He
would prefer Washington con-
ference of union leaders to apply
pressure on Congress for laborS
legislative aims.
But Walter Reuther, who orig
inally proposed the march on
Washington, last week talked the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-01
Precision Forces

Precision Forces
We know that the Soviet ex-
pansionist policy 10 continuing.
There have been local agrees
sions. local uprisings. local crises
in the past. which could not be
dealt with by the use Of mass
destruction capabilities.
These will continue to face us
in the future. and we viii be able
to deal with them effectively only
by measures which At the local
circumstances.
This means controlled. pre-
cision forces which can be
operated with discrimination
and finesse, forces armed with
conventional weapons and small
atomic weapons. forces which can
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-01
The Element Of Secrecy

Hiding behind the Iron Curtain
the Kremlin can tell US what they
want us to know. and they are
able to conceal fairly effectively
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-01

effort than military effort alone.
The range now extends TO include
everybody. not just the military.
Our country has grown strong
In an environment Of personal
liberty in which the spirit Of COM
petition runs strong among us.
The United States has become q
world leader as a result Of the
effort Of many Woodworking peo-
pie to whom the concepts Of pri.
vate enterprise and individual in
itiative have real meaning.
But today we run the grave risk
OF becoming complacent in our
position of world leadership. and
of becoming Indifferent TO the
hard realities of the competition
we face as q nation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-01

most dangerous thing they saw
in Russia is the look on the faces
Of the people.
What Americans have seen in
their visits to Russia Is the grim
look Of determination. the cool
and deliberate confidence Of peo-
pie who are going places. who
know they are missing q lot Of life,
who know they are being forced
to sacrifice both tangible and in
tangible human values. but who
are resolute in their aim to beat
the United States in everything.
Soviet People Seek Prestige
And what do they expect to gain
by this? Simply this. they expect
to gain prestige in the eyes OF
the rest of the world. They expect
to gain greater respectability in
the world. They expect to DEM
onstrate that their way is the way
Of the future. How better can they
prove all this than by beating the
United States in everything--in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-01
Quemoy Remoins Active Threat
DESPITE LuII in Actual SheIIinq

there have been frequent reports
about buildups of Communist air
power in the vicinity of the off,
shore islands and Formosa.
Only last week there was word
that a new concentration of Red
bombers had been spotted $50
miles inland American officials
are not yet ready to believe this
is significant, or even accurate.
There are frequent training
moves which are easily confused
with buildups.
In the Red airfields along the
coast there has been no significant
withdrawal or buildup of which
American intelligence is aware.
The fields are still obviously
heavily manned, as they were last
September and October; training
and reconnaissance flights daily
tour the coastal area-but usually
well out of range Of Quemoy.
Matsu or other Nationalist-hel
offshore islands.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-01


Since last fall there has been
only one report Of O Red air.
craft flying over Quemoy. Ma
tionaliSt Chinese anti-aircraft
chased that one OF.
Intensiflcation Of the pressure
on the offshore islands is within
Peiping's means and would be a
logical extension" of general
Communist strategy. officials point
out.
At a time when American Off
Gals like Army Chief Of Staff Gen.
Maxwell Taylor are suggesting re-
mobilization Of ground forces so
the United States can play the
game of unlimited poker" for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-03-01
BY EARL II. vOSS
star stan Writer

American officials are alert to
the possibility that Communist
China and the Soviet Union may
be cooking UP q combination mill
tary crisis involving Quemoy as
well as Berlin.
Red Chinese artillery is still
sprinklinR Quemoy with a few
shells every other day-from q
dozen or two TO q hundred or two
on each occasion. Quemoy's civil
ianS are getting so used to 1t, how
ever. that officials have a hard
time getting them TO take cover
when the bombardments start.
But there has been some build
up Of Communist artillery posi-
tons opposite Quemoy. The only
way to Judge their effectiveness.
however, is to rate an actual bonn
bardment.
There has been only one inten-
sive Smelling since last fall. when
the Red Chinese followed their
sudden cease-fire with the curious
every other day" war.
Big Attoek in January
On January Z the Reds poured
in $4,000 rounds In four hours,
close TO the peak rate Of last
August, when they tried to cut Of
Quemoy from its naval supply line
based on Formosa and the Pesca-
dores.
That rate left American and
Chinese Nationalist officials still
wondering, however, whether the
new activity along the Communist
coastline has appreciably increased
the flrepower available.
Besides the artillery activity,
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-07-04
RapeSuspeet
Hidden For
Safe Keeping

Montgomery, Ala.-An unidenti-
fled voice on the telephone asked
the deputy sheriff which cell in
the county Jail held Drewey Aaron,
a 23-year-old Negro accused of
raping socially prominent white
woman in her home near here.
"He's not in the county jail"
replied Deputy Sheriff Richard
Goodwin. II moved him elsewhere
for safekeeping."
When Goodwin received that call
Saturday night, his answer wasn't
exactly the truth. But it is now.
Aaron, father of three who police
CONTINUED on Page Eighty
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-07-04
King Book 10 Be
Published In
Europe Asia

The Southern Christian Leader
ship Conference announced today
that DR.. Martin Luther Kings
prize-winning book Stride Toward
Freedom is being published in both
Europe and Asia this summer.
In England it is to be published
by Victor Gollanz with an intro
duction by Father Huddleston, who
was expelled from South Africa
as result of his fight against
segregation. Father Huddleston
calls Stride Toward Freedom a
great book"
In Holland the book will be pub
lished in Dutch by Van Loghuun
Slaterus.
The Navajivan Press in India,
where DR.. King recently visited
with Nehur will publish three edi-
tions-one in English, one in Hin
du and on in Gugerati, to cover
the great demand for the Mont
gomery story throughout India.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-07-04
National Education Association
Again Battles Segregation Issue

St. Louis, Mo.-The long smoul-
dering battle over how strong a
stand the nations educators should
take on public school Indignation of
races erupted almost on schedule
Monday.
The resolutions committee of the
National Edrcation Assn, which is
converting here, offered the same
mild statement that caused a crisis
at the associations Cleveland con-
vention last year.
1t says little more than that the
problem should be approached in
"the spirit of fair play, good will
and respect for all which has al
ways been an outstanding charac-
teristic of the American people
:"
Battle lines are drawn up imme-
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-07-04

diately by delegates who had come
to the meeting prepared to fight.
Proponents of a stronger stand
said the resolution is weak and
outmoded for the times and does
not condemn segregation"
Southern delegates, however,
protested that anything stranger
would be resented in the South and
do more harm than good.
The resolutions committee will
consider the arguments and report
back to the full convention with its
final recommendations Friday
morning.
Two delegates who wanted a
stronger resolution were key fig
ures in last years crisis at Cleve-
land.
Continued on Page Two)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-07-04
See NationaIism
Beginning To
Make headWav
In kenya
Legislator In U. S.
Has Plan To Bring
Kenya YOungster
Here For Education

New York, June 27-The nation
alist movement is finally begin
ming to make Roadway in Kenya
after a bitter struggle and pro-
longed political impasse.
This is the word brought here
by DR.. J. Gikonyo Kiano, Califor-
MIA educated member of the Kenya
Legislative Council who sees the
two big questions remaining as the
date when nationhood will be
achieved and the place minority
groups including white settlers will
play in the new government.
DIR. Kiano, who first came to the
United States in 1948 with no
money and left with an MA. from
Antioch College and a Pho. from
the University of California, has
Continued on Page Two)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-07-04
1000, 900 Construction Project Gets
Underway At jackson State College

Construction of a much-needed
classroom building was started last
week at Jackson State College.
Nickles and Wells Construction
Company entered the low bid on
the facility which will be built and
equipped at an estimated cost of
$425, 100000. Sixteen basic class
rooms will be included in the build
ing which is to house the Area of
Language Arts and the Area of
Education. Also to be included in
the completely air conditioned
structure is a language laboratory
which will house facilities for re-
cording and playing various rec
ords in the teaching Of languages;
Continued on Page Five)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-07-04
Negro Voters
Purge In Louisiana
Hit By U. S. Suit
Justice Dept. Files
Suit To Halt Removal
Of Negroes From
Voters Lists

Washington = The Justice De-
partment filed suit Monday to stop
large scale removals of Negroes
from the voting lists in Louisiana's
Washington Parish. The White
Citizens Council for the area and
four of it's members were named
as instigators.
Atty. Gen. William P. Rogers
announced filing of the suit in US.
District Court at New Orleans. 1t
is the third voting rights action to
be taken under the 1857 Civil
Rights Act.
The previous IONS, in Georgia
and Alabama, were knocked down
by U. S. District Court and are
now being appealed to the Supreme
Court.
The suit at New Orleans named
as defendants: Washington Parish
Registrar of Voters Curtis M.
Thomas; the White Citizens Coun-
Continued on Page Six
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-07-04

EDITOR REGRETS NENEWED
vIG0R OF NEGRO ISSUE
RECURRING In STATE POLITICS
Say Negro Voters Needed TO Bring
Healthy Progressive Politics To State
SEE CHARGE OF NEGRO BLOC
VOTING TOTALLY UNFOUNDED

when he takes the chair as Gov
ernor of Mississippi, thus becom-
ing the governor of all the people
Of the state, we are going to seek
a way through which we may be
able to work with him in helping
to bring about better day for the
Negroes of the state, through
working in cooperation with re-
sponsible Negro and white leaders
at the local community level to-
wards the accomplishment of those
things which make for a greater
future for the state.
Recalling the 1948 election when
Negro voters of the state got their
first heart-thrilling experience of
voting for candidates in the race
for governor, and nothing the de-
cline in the use of the Negro issue
in the subsequent campaigns, a
result of the slow but steady in
Continued on Page Five)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-07-04
Presidents Antibias Committee Gets
New Executive Vice Chairman

WASHINGTON, D. C. Vice
President Richard Nixon announced
today the appointment of Irving
Ferman as Executive Vice Chair
man of the Presidents Committee
on Government Contracts.
The Committee, of which Vice
President Nixon is the Chairman
and Secretary of Labor James P.
Mitchell the Vice Chairman, works
to broaden Equal Job Opportunity
throughout the United States.
Government contracts under exist
ing regulations must include a
clause prohibiting discrimination
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-07-04
AFRICAN farm LABOR PLAN
lit IN SOUTH AFRICA

Cape Town, South Africa, June
South Africa's controversial
frican "farm labor" scheme is to
Il an airing.
Following complaints and charg-
that Africans are being Illegally
zpressed for labor on farms, and
metimes i'll treated thereafter,
+ government has ordered an
Ficial inquiry and temporarily
lted the scheme.
although Africans are supposed
CONTINUED on Page Eight
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-07-04
Howard Univ. Prof. On Trip To Europe
Will Spend Three Weeks In Russia

WASHINGTON, d. c. - DR..
Flemmie Kittrell, professor and
head of the Department of Home
Economics at Howard University,
this week began a two-month
European trip, including a three
week tour of Russia.
She will participate in interna-
tional meetings in Geneva, Copen-
hagen and Stockholm. AS a rep
resentative of the Women's Inter-
national League for Peace and
Freedom, she is attending through
July 1st in Geneva, Switzerland, a
meeting of the United Nations
Commission on Human Rights. A
member of the executive commit
tee of the U. S. section of the
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-07-04

in employment because of race,
religion, color or national origin.
Mr.. Ferman, as the new Execu-
tive Vice Chairman, will be re-
sponsible to the Vice President
and the Secretary of Labor for the
execution of Committee policy as
determined by its Is members
drawn from private life and Gov
ernmental agencies. He formerly
was the Director of the Washing
ton, D. C. office of the American
Civil Liberties Union until May
of this year when he began serv-
Continued on Page Five)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-07-04
Night Riders
Order Negro
Family To Move

Plant City, Fla. For 80 years,
Jesse Woods lived in the Picnic
community near here Eight robed
white men went to his home Satur-
day night, burned a cross and
gave him and his wife eight hours
to leave the house.
Officers to whom Mr.. Woods re-
ported the incident advised him
to move. Another family was
elected from the community about
three weeks ago after a visit from
the Klan-like delegation.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-07-04

League, DR.. Kittrell will address
the second plenary session of an
international seminar arranged
by the Danish section of the Wo-
mems international League, July
10 to rs in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Her subject is Economic Influ-
ences on Cultural Development"
Following an international meet
ing of the Women's League in
Stockholm, Sweden, July 26 to
August l, DR.. Kittrell will make
three-week tour of Russia, where
she will study the activities of
women and children.
This will be the 9th trip abroad
for DR.. Kittrell since 1947. On
Continued on Page Five)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-07-04

Anchorage, Alaska, June ~ -
Delta Sigma Theta Sorority estab-
lished in Anchorage today the So
rority's first chapter in Alaska,
Americas newly admitted Act h
state.
The chapter, called the Alaska
Alumnae Chapter, was established
by Delta's president, DR.. James L.
Noble and first vice president, DR..
Geraldine p Woods, both of whom
flew here from Denver, Colorado
where the Sorority's Central Re-
gional Conference was held last
weekend.
Marking this historic occasion,
which increases Delta's chapters to
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1959-07-04
Bail Bond High
In New York
Rape Case

New York-Four teenage Ne
groes were held for grand jury
action Friday when Magistrate
Milton Solomon refused to dismiss
first degree rape charges against
them in an alleged schoolyard
assault on a 14-year-old white
girl.
Solomon ordered the four held
Continued on Page Six