davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28
Citizens Oppose
Puwnbroker Bid
For Rate Boost

The District Commissioners
will rule shortly on a proposal
to increase interest rates pawn
brokers may charge.
The city'S six pawnbrokers
have the backing of c. T. Not
tingham, superintendent of the
Licenses and Permits Division
of the Department Of Licenses,
and Corporation Counsel Ches-
ter H. Gray, in their bid for
the increase.
First opposition to the pro-
posal came yesterday during a
public hearing.
A statement from the Fed
Grafton Of Citizens Associations
said there was mo great need
for pawnbrokers in the District
which cannot be filled by those
presently engaged in that busi-
ness"
The federation added that
mo inducement should be Of
tered to attract additional cap
ital to a business which was
barred from this city for many
years and for which no press
ing need can be shown to exist. {"
Also opposing the measure
was the Glover Park Citizens
Association.
The proposed rates, to be
applied on a monthly basis,
would allow pawnbrokerS to
charge 3 per cent interest on
loans not exceeding 500; 21a
per cent interest on loans not
exceeding 5000; 2 per cent in
tereSt on loans not exceeding
$500 and / per cent interest on
loans not exceeding $1,000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28
Gunmon Nets 1895
In Arlington HoIdup

81 South Edgewood street, Ar
lington. and Rosemarie PierSon,
Route 2. Vienna.
After warning the three en-
ployes not to follow him or call
the police for five minutes, he
fed in a car which police said
was stolen earlier from Ed
monds Motors, Inc, of Airing
ton.
The car, which had two diff
ferent license tags which also
had been stolen, was found by
Fairfax police about four hours
later near Seven Corners.
Mr.. Buoy said the bandit was
white and in his early 20s. He
described him as "a very cool
character-not nearly as nerv-
Gus as I was"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28
Texas Legislature
Backs Johnson

AUSTIN, Tex, April % (AP) &.
Senate Democratic Leader
johnson Of Texas, who says he
is not a candidate for the 1860
Democratic presidential NOM
ination, has the backing of his
States Legislature if he de-
cideS to run.
The House yesterday passed,
l29-15. and sent to Gov. Price
Daniel q bill which would let
Senator Johnson's name ap-
pear on the 1860 ballot as a
candidate for reelection and
for President or Vice President.
The bill passed the Senate
UNANIMOUSLY.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28
TALKS
General Accord
Seen for Allies

have been willing 70 separate
the question Of a new European
security arrangement from the
question Of German reunifica-
ton. Assuming, as most peo-
pie do, that the phased reuni-
flcation process comes to Moth
ing. they would have liked to
press on with an effort to reach
an agreement on limitation Of
forces II not outright disen-
gagement. As things stand
now. the only aspects Of the
security problem which the
West is willing 10 discuss sep
arately are those involving sur
prise attack and limitation Of
nuclear tests already under dis
cussion.
Elasticity Is Problem
There remain, Of course, q
certain number Of problems to
be settled among the ministers.
not the least Of which is what
to do when the Russians turn
down the allied plan. How
much, If any. give" there may
be in the allied position is nat
urally something which the
Western diplomats are not
talking about much at this
point. The impression, how
ever, is that any revision that
may be made will be reserved
for the summit by which time
the allies should have a clearer
idea of the Russian game.
In the meantime. since the
Russians rarely say no In a
hurry, 1t is hoped that the new
allied proposals for reunifca-
ton Of Germany will at least
provide enough conversational
material to keep the Geneva
meeting going for q number of
weeks. Long enough, at any
rate, to forestall any precipi-
touS action by the Russians in
Berlin toward the end Of the
month.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28
BUILDING
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
they have to say" Mr.. Turner
declared. But we will not
negotiate jointly with the other
trades and their two-bit pack
age is entirely inadequate"
A statement proclaiming
unity among the employers
brought some discord from
some Of the contractors attend
ing the meeting because rep
resentatives of at least seven
of the larger contractors had
failed to sign the declaration
The lockout agreement read
in part: Should a strike in
volving any contractor in the
building industry occur, we
shall consider it to be a strike
against all other contractors
and will Immediately locK out
any trade or trades which may
be directly involved on all Of
the projects in the D. c. area
on which we are doing any
work"
An official of the contractors
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28
ReyoItCuIIed
Serious in
Punumu
By the Associated Press

Senator Smathers, Democrat
Of Florida, quoted Panamanian
President Ernesto de la Guar
dia today as saying the revolu-
tionary outbreak in his country
is enormously serious"
He said he spoke to Mr.. de Ia
Guardia by telephone.
"He told me if the fighting
remains in the mountains his
government probably can hold
out" Senator Smathers said at
a news conference.
But Of it breaks out in the
city he is in for serious
trouble"
Senator Smathers proposed
that the United States make
two deStroyers and some mill
tary planes available to the
Organization of American
States to help Panama sup
press what the Senator called
a Communist-supported re-
volt.
Senator Smathers said Mr.
de la Guardia told him the
planes are needed ito break ur
a concentration of rebels in the
Mountains" and the destroyers
to head off two additional ships
of rebels reported on their way
from Cuba.
A reporter asked if Senator
SmatherS thinks Cuban Rev.
dictionary Leader Fidel Castro
is behind the revolt.
He said no, but added, 81
wouldn't be surprised if his
brother, Raul Castro, had some
thing to do with it."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28

tige-even from adequate ca
pacity TO defend ourselves" he
said.
Sees Other Losses
Senator Symington said the
Eisenhower administration is
also losing the economic and
psychological battles with the
Communists by skipping on
foreign economic aid and in
formation and cultural ex-
change programs.
Does this administration
point out the needs and ask
the Nation to make the neces-
sary sacrifice?" he asked. at
does not.
Instead, it calls on us to
worship at the altar of the
budget - and not Just any
budget which is balanced by
looking backwards
ut labels as reckless spend
ers' all those who are willing to
make the necessary sacrifices
for our national security and
we'll being"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28

thesda to get to proposed new
radialS either in Silver Spring
or In Prince Georges County,
A portion of the long
awaited Metropolitan Area
transpoi tst.on study already
released ShuWed a fTeeway
along Wisconsin avenue from
oook's Hill III Bethesda to the
Glover -ArchboId parkway near
Tenley Circle "he Commits
sjoners said their action today
does not repudi lte this recon-
mendation. But neither viii it
rerllit 80 pei cent Federal aid
funds Lc help the road get
built.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28
NUCLEAR

Continued From First Page
powers, and the final third by
home nationals.
Russia, on the other hand,
had been demanding that all
except four or five of the per-
sons in each of the control
posts be home nationals. These
four or five would merely be
observers. with no authority.
Recently Kremlin negotiatorS
conceded the four or five could
be part of the operating. su-
perviSory staff, with authority
But Mr.. TSarapkin still insisted
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28

an advanced state Of compile
ton.
Last January the chairman
of the Joint Chiefs Of STAFF
testified there were interme-
diate-range ballistic missiles in
England and that these
American IRBMs were sitting
there and ready TO co." he
said.
Nothing Ready. He Says
"Ten weeks after that state
ment was made to the Con-
gress," he continued, II visited
that RBM base of ours in Eng
land which was nearest to COM
pletion.
There was nothing ready to
CO.
There was nothing which
met operational standards.
There was nothing ade-
quately dispersed.
THE entire installation was
literally a sitting duck for sab
otage.
And those naked IRBMs in
England are by far the most
advanced of anything we have
on that score in any foreign
country"
Outline Of Platform
Senator Symington, Demo-
crat of Missouri, is frequently
mentioned as a possible candi-
date for the Democratic nomi-
nation for President next year.
His speech was a broad criti-
cism of the Republican admin
istration and an outline Of a
Symington platform. The big
issue as he sees it, is the
American fight in the cold war.
1T is a protracted conflict, -
he said. IF we are fortunate
enough to avoid nuclear war,
it will last without letup
through this century, and per-
haps into the next"
"The history of the last six
years has been one of long and
inglorious retreat by the United
States from world influence,
world power and world pres
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28
TALKS
continued From First Par,

Continued From First Page
first minister scheduled to
speak.
In Its present form the
Allied package proposal"
amounts TO little more than a
polite no TO RuSsia's plans for
Germany in general and Ber-
lin in particular. 1t is q far
cry from the plan which the
British would have preferred.
In fact, British flexibility in
London seems to have consisted
mainly of a willingness to jet
tison a number Of their pet
projects.
Thus, for instance, the
British would have been willing
to try to negotiate a new agree
ment for allied presence in Ber-
lin replacing the present one
based on the right Of conquest
and subsequent agreements
with Russia. They we're talked
out Of this by the West Ger
mans who feel that any such
negotiations would undermine
the legal basis for the present
arrangement.
Seek Limitation Of Forces
Furthermore, as originally
discussed the alderman cleo
toral commission, in addition
to working on an electoral law,
would have been charged with
considerable responsibility in
working out solutions to com
mon problems" between the
two regimes. This idea again
met strong objections from the
Bonn delegates at London who
felt that the commission might
In fact assume some aspects OF
q provisional government. At
this point, although the exact
limits of the commissions ac-
tivity are still not entirely de-
cided, there's general agree
ment that they should be
sharply circumscribed.
Finally the British would
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28

that none Of the four or five
foreigners could be the TOP
man in a control post.
StiII Not Satisfied
But this amounted to q small
concession since Moscow &C
cepted the principle of multi.
national staining. But the Brit
ish and American negotiators
were still not satisfied with the
number Of foreigners to be al
lowed on the stats.
Prime Minister Macmillan OF
Great Britain first made the
proposal for limiting on-site
inspections TO Q fixed number
each year when he visited So.
Wet Premier Khrushchev in
Moscow two months ago. He
said the West might agree to
limit the number Of on-site in
Spections each year in return
for Soviet abandonment Of It's
veto demands.
President Eisenhower later
said Mr.. Macmillan's plan was
Impractical" The British SUBJ
Sequently dropped the idea in
their talks with American ON
Gals at the time Of the Camp
David md talks in March.
Khrushchev Brings II Up
But Premier Khrushchev,
who previously indicated he
had found the Macmillan pro-
posal interesting" brought
the subject up again last week
end. when he wrote President
Eisenhower suggesting the
problem be studied at the &C.
neva negotiations.
East-WeSt experts agreed
last summer there would be
20 to 100 unidentitiable under
ground disturbances which
would not be distinguished
from control posts. either as
earthquakes or underground
nuclear blasts. Since then,
four American underground
tests OF nuclear weapons have
shown this estimate to be per-
haps 10 times too low.
New Dispute Possible
This raises the possibility OF
the ceiling on on-site inspec.
tons becoming Q new matter
of dispute.
Russia has not abandoned
its demand for . veto on de-
terming violations Of q nucleaI
test ban treaty. The Soviet
Union still wants the power
to stop the proposed Interna-
tional Control Commission
from labelling q suspicious un-
foreground disturbance as q
clandestine test, or violation.
Russia also continues to de.
mand a veto on Judiciary
logistic, personnel and ad.
miniStrative matters.
The United States anC
Britain. on the other hand
already have agreed to share
a veto with the Soviet Unior
on amending any treaty
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28
Cold War Weakness
Yelled, Symington Says
BY RICHARD FRYKLUND
Star SIAN Writer

Senator Symngon charged today that the administration
has deliberate policy conceal the people the weakness
of our position" IN the cold war
Speaking before the National Press Club he said the
administration had msed the people into believing American
bastc missile bases In England we're
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28
Lamp Sales Up

CLEVELAND.-Sales Of fiuo-
resent lamps in the United
States during 1858 totaled
about $85 million-double the
number of 10 years ago.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28
Authoritarian System

AUTHORITARIAN OyStem
After studying family pat
terms among mental patients
in Boston, DR.. Hitson went tc
Burma, a country chosen fol
study because it has the second
highest homicide rate in the
world latter Ceylon). Her task
in II months of residence in q
village 20 miles from Rangoor
was to try to relate the homi-
eide statistics of the country
with the patterns of living
there.
DR.. Hitson found the Bur-
mese family and village Struc-
ture to be an extremely author
itarian one, based principally
on age.
Within the family, she went
on, fathers are dominant in
Burma. They are feared by
wives and children alike. The
defining characteristic Of the
Burmese male, in fact, is that
he is potentially dangerous,
and the family is a unit created
to serve his needs. He requires
obediance by both wife and
children. Children are sub
dued in the presence of their
fathers and are kept out Of the
way when guests are present.
The Child Protected
But in general, when the
Burmese child is not being
worked or forced into conform
ity with some standard of con-
duct in a social situation, he
is left pretty much to his own
devices, the researchers found
And when trouble looms from
the outside owing to mischief
by a child, She Isl protected
from outsiders on the grounds
that the Isl still young, doesn't
understand. and did not do II
deliberately"
The upshot Of the Burmese
child'S training is that he grows
UP to neutrality-suspicious. hi
can get away with murder,
Suicide, on the other hand
happens infrequently in Burma
Where mental illness is con.
cerned in Burma, it almost
invariably takes the form Of
paranoia, or what is commonly
known as "delusionS of perse.
cution." Oppressive pSychoSis
where one withdraws inwardly
on oneself, is virtually unknown
there, DR.. Hitson indicated
Similarly. where murder Il
rife, suicide is a rarity.
The village in Burma wherl
DR.. Hitson stayed was populat.
ed entirely by BuddhiSts, Sht
said.
The Two Ethics
DR.. Funkenstein said thu
Western ethic which holds tina
the individual is personally re
SponSible for his deeds, ma!
cause the WeSterner to turl
his anger inward. A differen
outlook on the Oriental's par
including the Buddhist'S IRE
nunciation of objective rela
tions," may cause his anger II
be manifested against others
the pSychiatriSt said.
DR.. Funkenstein noted tina
just as Ceylon and Burma =
stronghold of Hinayana Bud
dhism - have the worlds high
est murder rates, so Denmark
and some of the other Protes
tant Christian Scandinavian
nations, lead the world in sui
cideS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28
PSYCHIATRISTS

Continued From First Page
IRENE cases, this worked out
to suicide and murder, reSpec-
lively.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28
johnson Sees
$500 Million
Aid Fund 0kay
By J. A. OLEARY
star stan Writer

Senate Democratic Leader
johnson Of Texas predicted to-
day the Senate will approve a
5000 million stop-gap appro-
priation to keep the foreign aid
Development Loan Fund gong
until July /.
Senator Ellender. Democrat
Of Louisiana, said he will lead
a fight to cut the fund back to
the 500 million allowed by the
House, but with the leadership
against him, his chances are
not bright.
The 5000 million loan fund
placed in the second supple
mental money bill by the Sem
ate Appropriations Committee
is within $25 million of the
amount President Eisenhower
asked for.
FavOrs Larger Fund
Senator johnson is known to
feel that with world conditions
in the ferment that exists to-
day it is the part OF wisdom
to go along with the larger
amount for loans to under
developed countries.
The foreign aid skirmish in
this supplemental bill, sche-
duled for floor debate today,
will be only a warmup for a
major battle later in the ses-
sion over the foreign aid bud
get for 1860.
When that main event comes
up on the floor, Senator Full
bright, Democrat of Arkansas,
chairman of the Foreign Rela-
tons Committee, will try to
change the whole trend of the
administrations foreign aid
program.
Shift in Emphasis
Senator Fulbright wants to
swing the emphasis from mill.
tary to economic assistance,
with a much bigger Develop
ment Loan Fund.
In place of the $700 million
the administration has request
ed as a direct appropriation
for the fund after July /, Sem
ator Fulbright is proposing
SIS billion each year for the
next five years, to be financed
as a debt transaction by the
Treasury instead of appropria-
tionS.
This would bring the flnanc-
ing into the realm of what Re-
publicans have criticized as
"backdoor" spending. The adj
ministration also is expected
to oppose playing down the
military assistance on which
alliances with other free coun-
tries have been developed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28

/ council said a strike would Sc.
riously curtail what ne said sis
shaping up to be a banner year
for the construction industry
here"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1959-04-28
WELFARE
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
to the committee had literally
hundreds of incorrect figures.
BY the time the committee had
concluded its hearings 1t was
abundantly clear that the peo-
pie whose responsibility it was
to prepare these Qualifications
had been placed in an impos-
Sible position.
"They had obviously been as
signed the task of making it
appear that the budget repre-
scented progress in the field of
medical research when the true
facts are that in a desperate
attempt to present on paper a
balanced budget. the Budget
Bureau or someone in authority
has even gone so far as to set
back the medical research pro-
gram"
The bill as sent to the House
for probable action Thursday
would appropriate $3,348.472,-
2s1 for Health and Welfare,
s547,l14,50o for the Labor De-
partment and $19,4 97,400 for
miscellaneous agencies.
$50 Million Increase
NH would receive $344.279,-
900. an increase of about $50
million over the administra-
ton request. The National
Cancer Institute, for example,
would receive about $83 million,
Approximately SO million more
than the administration pro-
posal. The committee said a
reduction in this program
would be gross foolishness."
Among major items in the
bill are: $2.033,500,000, the
amount requested by the ad-
ministration, for grants to
States for public assistance
programs; $45 million for
grants for waste treatment
projects, an increase of SIS
million; $143 million for hos
pital construction grants, an
increase Of $43 million, and
$l54 million for payments to
school districts affected by Fed
eral activities.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1959-04-16

Wednesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Albert Smith and
sons visited Sam Smith, who is &
patient at the Veterans hospital
Martinsburg, w. Va, on Sunday.
Mr. and Mrs. Orval Rush were
dinner guests last Tuesday of Mr.
and Mrs. Ross Speicher.
Mr.. and Mrs. Guy BroadWater
and family were dinner guests on
Sunday of Mr.. and Mrs. B. H
Bender, of Grantsville.
Asa Griffith, of Prospect Park
Pa, is visiting relatives here for
several weeks.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Seggie and
children attended the Cherry Bios
som festival in Washington, D. c..
over the weekend.
Mrs. William Oester and family
and Mrs. Adam Oester, of Grants
vile, visited Mr.. and Mrs. Charles
ReXrode. last Wednesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Seggie and
family visited Mr. and Mrs. James
II. Mann, of Rockville, on Sunday
afternoon.
Rev. and Mrs. w. E. Hamilton
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1959-04-16
Road Work Soon
To Be Under Way

Over five and one-half million
dollars in road construction soon
will be under way in Garrett and
Allegany counties and additional
highway jobs are in prospect for
the summer.
Projects in various stages of
completion and one that has been
awarded bring the total ALLEGATION
in SRC money to S5627 ,846. Most
of the projects are in Allegany
county.
The Garrett county projects:
The Hazelwood firm will begin
work about May l on the S1,257 $40
contract on us. route PIG, from
Gortner to Oakland, ard route 1875,
from Oakland to Mountain Lake
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1959-04-16

Adv. 1t*
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1959-04-16

ing. repairing and keeping the
road clear of snow.
According to the story the AL.
legany road crews have to travel
from Frostburg up us. route 4C
to the Finzel road intersection and
then some miles further before
they get to the slightly more than
mile section to be maintained.
There is no other route from
Allegany county to the roadway
The area is mountainous and in
winter the snowfall is usually
heavy.
A background of The boundary
line is given.
Back in the 1905 the line be-
tween the two counties was based
on a survey made by a man
named Chisholm. After some
years it was discovered that
Chisholm's line was made in the
survey by use of the magnetic
compass technique. This resulted
in errors and it was decided to
have a more exact line surveyed.
A man named Bauer, who was
connected with the Topographic
cal Division of the U. S. Geologi-
cal Survey, was commissioned by
The State of Maryland to resur-
vey the boundary and submit a
report.
Due to the magnetic pole shift
ing from time to time the sur
vey by Chisholm produced errors
and Bauer made his survey by
use of the magnetic declination
method Engineers at the local of
flee of the U. S. Geological Sur
vey advise that the magnetic
declination procedure allows for
the corrections of any errors re-