davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-04
Mercury Drops
To 36 in Miumi

MIAMI. Fla. Feb. 4 R.-
Frigid weather hit Miami again
today. bringing an early morn
ing low of SO degrees. the cold
est February 4 since 1917.
Temperatures dropped even
lower in some outlying areas.
Suburban Opa Locka registered
a freezing 80. Frost accompa-
MED q 34-degree reading in
South Miami. 1t was 80 on
Miami Beach. Elsewhere in the
State. Tampa had 24-the cold
est in that city in SO years
and Jacksonville 81. Tallahas-
see, in Northwestern Florida,
had %.
j. o. Pearce of Okeechcobee,
president Of the Florida Cattle
mems Association. said cattle
are dying by the hundreds and
that in some areas IS per cent
of the range cattle may not sur
vive the winter.
Freezes and foods on millions
Of acres Of grazing land caused
the cattle tor diey Mr. Pearce
reported. Water from heavy
rains has covered all except the
higher pastures. 80 - ~2ss
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-04
Pedestriun Listed
As Traffic FutuIity

A SO year : old pedestrian.
struck last December 6, who
died in Emergency Hospital.
has been listed by the coroner
as a traffic fatality.
The dead man, Lowest Hay
den Of 1877 q street NE, suf-
fered multiple fractures in the
accident which occurred while
he was crossing Seventh near
E street NV.
Driver Of the striking auto,
police said, was Airman l/c
Paul Blythe, "a, now stationed
in Honolulu.
Meanwhile, another pedestri-
an. Sam FinkeIstein, II, Of 233
Ninth street NE, died Of in
juries yesterday received while
crossing Pennsylvania avenue
near his home. His death brings
the Districts traffic toll to i've
for this year as compared to
six on this date in 1857.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-04
THE EVENING STAR AS
Washington, D, c. /"
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1888
Sturkweuther
Girl PIeud
Not Guilty

LINCOLN. Nebr.. Feb. 4 A9.
Pleas Of not guilty were made
in Lancaster County yesterday
by 19-year-old Charles Stark
weather, admitted killer Of II
persons, and Carl Fugate. his
l4-year-old girl friend. They
appeared separately.
Crowds which jammed hall
ways and the courtroom in the
courthouse were orderly and
silent beyond excited bursts OF
whispering after q 1irst look at
the defendants.
Both Starkweather and Carl
appeared without counsel to
plead to identical charges Of
premeditated murder and MUIR
der while in the commission Of
robbery. On conviction the jury
sets the penalty at death in the
electric chair or life imprison-
ment.
The charges are based on the
shooting Of Robert Jensen, IT.
of Bennett, Nebr., in an aban-
doned farm storm cellar 16
miles southeast Of Lincoln.
Young Jensen's car was taken
after the shooting and used for
a return trip to Lincoln.
Starkweather and Miss Fl.-
gate, whose stepfather, mother
and 2-year-old stepSister were
among the slain. are held with
out bond.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-04
Yemen Delays Joining
New Arab Alliance

CAIRO. Egypt. Feb. 4 @.-
The Crown Prince Of Yemen
still had not arrived in Cairo
today to link up his medieval
kingdom with the new United
Arab Republic formed by Egypt
and Syria. There was no
definite word when he would
come or why he was delayed.
Prince Self Ell Islam Ell Badr,
who is also Yemen's premier.
has been reported expected
momentarily since Sunday. An
Egyptian government spokes-
man said he would announce
Yemen's adherence" to the
UAR, which could mean fed
Grafton with it rather than
complete union.
One possible explanation for
the delay was q report pub
lished abroad that the Princes
ailing father and Yemen's
ruler. Imam Ahmed. had abdi-
Gated in his sons favor. The
Yemeni Legation in Cairo
viewed this report with "ex-
IRENE skepticism."
Federation Offered
Presidents Nasser OF Egypt
and Kuwalty of Syria in set
ting up the UAR agreed to
merge their governments under
one president and one parlia-
ment. But to attract Arab
kings who want to keep their
thrones. they said other ma
tons could federate with them
as well as unite.
1t Seemed highly unlikely
that Yemen's ruler. one Of the
worlds last absolute mon
archs. would yield his power
over his southwestern corner Of
the Arabian peninsula to Col.
Nasser. The Egyptian n resident
is considered certain to be
elected president Of the unified
new state in a plebiscite Febru-
airy 81.
Reporting to Parliaments
Yemen so far is the only
Arab nation reported interested
in joining the UAR. This was
no surprise since Yemens' for
eign policy duplicates that Of
Egypt and Syria. and all three
nations get arms and assistance
from the Communist bloc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-04

Mr.. Kuwatly arrived home
from Cairo and goes before the
Syrian Parliament tomorrow,
Col. Nasser is to report to his
own Parliament at the same
time.
A Syrian-Egyptian commit
tee was at work in Cairo on
merging the two armies. which
already have a joint command.
Designs for q nag also are
being studied. and composers
have been asked to work on q
national anthem.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-04
The BIG MOVE
BY WILLIAM FERRIS
Associated Press Writer

They like to tell this story
in Cleveland:
Two lonely snowflakes were
circling together high above
the public square. near the top
of Terminal Tower. One snow
flake said to the other. Let's
drop down and start a traffic
JAM"
IN Cleveland. New York.
Chicago and many another
city a handful Of flakes can
start traffic jams. There are
other cities-Los Angeles and
Miami are two-where snow
flakes aren't needed. In many
Northern cities. traffic jams
come with snow or sun.
The traffic jam is part Of
our daily life. It is where we
have come to in our new mode
of movement. in how we get
from here to there. Many Of
us have come to q stalE with
a tell I'm in front of US and .
fancy chrome grille behind.
The United States is under
going a revolution in trans
portation. 1t is as significant
as the shift from the canal
barge and the lake steamer to
the train, as profound as the
change from the horse and
buggy to the trolley and the
interurban express. It affects
us all.
1t is a revolution which will
accelerate enormously in the
next few years. 1t will leave
us a different country than we
were at the end of world
War II.
There are these immediate
developments.
Railroads Cutting Back
Railroads all over the country
are cutting down on passenger
service. Famous-name trains
are being curtailed or CONSOLE
dated, just as surely as branch
line locals. Says Ben Neineman,
chairman of the board Of the
Chicago & North Western:
"Our competitor is not the
bus or the airplane. 1t is the
private automobile. The vast
road programs of the State and
Federal Governments, combined
with the convenience Of the
private automobile, have de-
stroyed through passenger bust
ness This market has dis
appeared"
Airplane travel has winged
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-04

The foce Of American transportation
is ehonsing-ond drostieolly. Rail
rood passenger business is going
downsrode end soinins speed. Pri-
vote cars ore iommine city streets.
Airlines move between cities almost
as fost os sound. This is the first
Of four authoritative articles on the
revolution.
out Of nowhere, within the lives
of many of US. to a point where
it is the top method Of public
long distance transportation.
Yet the airlines themselves are
hard pressed to make money.
W on dering how they can
finance the movement into the
jet age.
The intercity busline is fall
ing behind in the race to keep
up with airplanes and private
automobiles despite such inno-
vatioHs ~ a aaEatory, air con-
ditening ana electric shaver
outlets. The running time be-
TWEEN New York and Chicago is
now II hours and SIS minutes.
compared with 80 hours in 1889.
Bus Companies Hit
AS for the smaller urban and
suburban lines-in many a
| town the last bus has rolled
into the garage, the doors have
been locked and the company
has gone out Of business. Still
more lines have cut back on
service.
And everywhere there is the
automobile.
Three out Of every four
families in the United States
own a car. There are Sc mil
lion cars on the road today,
compared with 26 million at the
end of World War II. Twelve
out of every hundred families
own more than one car. COM
pared with only three such
families a decade ago.
Suburban living has in
creased the demand. In metro
politan areas, more than so per
cent of new car buyers live OUT
side the central city. Improved
vehicles have stimulated de-
mand - automatic tIansm.s-
sions, power steering. power
brakes, greater use Of the Va
engine. Cars have grown more
dependable.
Cars Are Changing
AS Americans have rushed to
buy cars, the cars themselves
have undergone a transition
They are longer, wider, Sleeker
The Metropolitan Regional
Conference New York. New
Jersey, Connecticut) says that
between 1898 and 1858 the av-
erage length of four-door Sc
dams has increased from 1913 to
212 inches.
Says Mayor Wagner Of New
York: I'm the past 10 years
the average parking lot has lost
is per cent Of its disable space
while prewar garages have lost
40 per cent" He has appealed
to auto manufacturers to give
consideration to smaller cars.
Tomorrow: How the railroads
and their passengers are learn
ing TO live without one an
other.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-04

BAG, containing 2 rosaries and watch;
between Hecht's and Kann's, down
town: reward. OIL. 2-7451.
BILLFOLD, lady's, dark blue Buxton;
contains important papers MRS.
NE. IL 4-54s6.
DIAMOND STAR PIN, vicinity Be;
thesda. January IS; reward. Call
VIII. 6-17S4.
DOG, on sat, Feb. /. mr.. western Jr.
High School on Mass. ave; DIX, re-
male. mixed terrier breed: answers 10
the name Of Sid" OIL. 10000.
DOG, collie, female, brown and white;
Heather: Jan. 81; reward. Spring
4-910s.
DOG, collie, young purebred male.
sable and white: vicinity Hillcrest
Heights, missing since Fridav. 10. q
1871.
DOG. basset hound, female. black
with tan and white markinEs' tan
S fGlis5 .s T.O Alex 'f XII s EsSs!f O'
DOG, Llewellyn setter male ans Sam:
each eye. $50 reward ward u 4.4SSi
GLASSES. boys. badly needed: Grove
ton School area. Cal 50. 5-21s2.
MERCURY DIME FOLDER. sat. night
In cab, bet District General Hosp,
0433 G 81 Sc; reward. LIZ. 2-b193.
PARAKEET, chartreuse; calls himself
Bethesda. OIL. s-siS4.
SHETLAND sHEEPDOG, strayed Sat. J;
,Lassie." 2syear-old female looks
child's pet: vic. hoo blk, Kingwood
dr.. Takoma Park; reward. Call HE.
4-2340.
WATCH, Rinzie, lady's, sold: down.
town. Saturday; reward. HA. 2-4Ob2.
WATCH, mans, Swiss; on 42nd or
Pc. 3-416H, OWNER.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-04
FOUND

DOGS t2), 4-B mo- old, terrier type.
long ears, all-black female; black
and-white male: vic. 9th and NJ sts.
NV; owner or good home. HE. y
1904.
DOG, sheep collie, female: vic. Ari..
mr. Shirlington. ia. 2-OO37.
DOG, female, black and white; vic.
windsor ave-; owner Qr good home.
XII. g-3g5g.
DOG, male, tan and white, mixed
breed vic. Alabama ave. owner or
Eood ONE. XII. g-30b0.
DOG, female, gray, mixed breed; vic.
Olebe I'd; owner or good home.
XII. a-3g5D
GLASSES, without case; vicinity Fes-
sender st. NV, on sunday. WO.
$3.50.
PUP, female. about moss vie. 81.
Johns Catholic School, Mclean, Va;
owner Or aood home. IKE. e-b70b.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-11-29
Ga1R1S z4ZI3l
Campbell College
Trojans Are
Printing Up

The Trojans are working the
floor extremely hard as they prime
up for a rough junior college sched-
ule of basketball games for this
school year. The Trojan squad
suffered heavy losses in their line
up from last year. Big Franklin,
outstanding center from last year
as we'll as team captain, is now a
member of the armed forces; how
ever, Coach Oscar "Pops" Williams
promises that the Trojan squad
will give its all in racking up vic
tories.
Men who should excel for the
Trojans are Quincy Dent, g. 2"
center from Hattiesburg; Wilfred
Phillips, s. 10" guard, Laurel;
Lester Smith, s. IL" guard, Can
ton; Woodrow Logan, s. 9" guard,
Magee; Cleveland Payne, G. 2"
forward, Laurel; Tevester Ander-
son, s. IL" guard, Canton; Anzie
Gotten, g. 1" forward, Canton; and
Willie Hardy, g. forward, Laurel.
The first game the Trojans
played was on November %, at
8 pm. in the college gymnasium.
The Trojan quintet played host to
Natchez Junior College.
Patronize Our Advertisers
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-11-29

project and Premier Khalirs later
endorsement of it appeared to her
aid additionally the beginning of
an open split between the two.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-11-29
Jim Hill High
Tigers Win City
Championship

Winning the mythical city cham
pionship, the Jim Hill High Tigers
scored in the first and fourth quar-
tiers while containing the Lanier'
High effectively and won with a
1870 victory Friday night.
Jim Hill, currently in a three
way tie for first place in the South
Division Negro Big Eight Confer
ence, now has a 81 record while
the Lanier Bulldogs have a 7-3
mark.
4 Alfred Armon raced into the end
zone from three yards out in the
closing minute of the first quar-
ter for Jim Hills first touchdown.
The conversion attempt failed.
A 35-yard run by George Reese
set up Hills other six-pointer at
Lanier's 10 yard line. Two plays
later, at the start of the fourth
quarter, Armon dashed over and
a pass from Ernest Reese to Eddie
Hatchett produced the bonus point.
Lanier threatened on one occa-
sion when Quarter Linell Moore
passed to MIC. Taylor who reached
the 15-yard line. But Hill pulled
its defense together and eventually
took over on downs.
Fumbles proved costly to Lanier.
The Bulldogs bobbled on eight oc-
casions, recovering only three. Hill
lost two of the four it fumbled.
Jim Hill had eight first downs
while Lanier fashioned 10; the
Tigers tried 10 passes completing
four and Jim Hill tried nine, also
clicking on four. Hill led Lanier
in yards rushing, 216-110.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-11-29
+ een-Ager...
CONTINUED from Page One)

NSOuIAAuCd AAOhA o6C OhSt
In a gutter after staggering sew
eral blocks from the spot where he
and another boy were ambushed
Wednesday night. The other boy
escaped.
The wounded youth is Sidney
Rhodes, Is, also a member of the
Corsair Lords. He was called out
Of candy store by a Jonquil war
party, pulled into a hallway and
knitted in the chest, left arm and
lower body. He is IN serious con-
dition in hospital.
Police seized six Jonquils and
were looking for a seventh. The
six are charged with homicide and
assault.
The trouble started between the
two all-Negro gangs, police said,
when a Jonquil "war counselor"
got into a fist fight with a men,
Der of the Corsair Lords. Other
youths broke up the fight, but both
gangs quickly began assembling
for battle.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-11-29
Southern .
CONTINUED from Page One)

at is shocking that out of this
number, court conviction has been
secured in only one case" a council
statement said. This case was in
North Carolina where three per-
sons were convicted of plotting to
plant bomb in a Negro school, the
statement said.
At the same time the council
commended moves by Florida, Ten
nessee, Georgia, and Alabama to-
ward tighter control of explosives.
The council is composed of both
whites and Negroes. Directors at
tended from Alabama, Arkansas,
Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mis-
sissippi, North and South Caro-
lima, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas,
and Virginia.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-11-29
w.. c. Bulldogs,
State Champions

On Thursday afternoon, Novem-
Der 20, 1858, the Utica Junior Col
lege Bulldogs overpowered the Okla
Iona Blue Devils by beating them
400. This victory gave the Bull
dogs a clean slate by having won
all conference games played this
year:
Coahoma, 0; U. ]. c. 6.
T. J. Harris, 7; U. j. c., 20.
Prentiss, 6; U. ]. c., 26.
Finey Woods, o; U. ]. c., 81.
The Bulldogs became state Jun
ior College champs under the cap
able and dynamic leadership of
Head Coach Luther Ensley, assist
ant coaches frederick Paige and
Moses Howard. The Utica family
and friends salute these illustrious
persons.
The persons comprising the Bull
dog squad this year are: Quarter
backs: Robert Moreland and Ralph
Burns; Halfbacks: Theodore Hill,
Edward Johnson, Eddie Denton,
Edwin Copeland, Dudley Bracy,
Lanier Bracey and Andy Horton;
Guards: hurry Johnson, Ebert
Belts, Johnny Singleton, Johnny
Clay, Andrew May, and Clarence
Williams; Ends: Lanier Dixon,
Billy Davis. Richard Chase, Milton
Kinnard, and Thomas Anderson;
Tackles: Paul Burnley, William
Parker, Nathaniel Joiner, Charles
Jones, Cleo Smith, Eddie Clark and
Roosevelt Level; Centers: Charles
Roach, J. Coleman and Robert
Washington; Fullbacks: Andy
Washington and Preston Mont
gomery; Trainer, Currie Davis.
The winning of this coveted
prize is the first for the young
but fast growing Utica Junior
College. The president, members
of the faculty, staff, student body
and friends of the Utica Junior
College salute the fighting Bull
dogs of Utica Junior College.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-11-29
Grabbing Has
22-Game Cage
Schedule
By COLLIE ]. NICHOLSON

Grambllng, La. (Spec1al) - Inc
Grambling College cage squad will
undertake a tough 22-game sche-
dule this winter, athletic director
Eddie Robinson announced Wednes-
day.
At first glance, the task may
seem a little beyond the current
forces of Coach Fred Hobby but
the redoutable mentor has his best
potential in two seasons and should
prove a tough opponent for teams
in the Southwestern, Gulf Coast,
Midwest and Southern Intercol-
legiate Athletic Conferences.
Champions of the Midwest loop
last spring and winners of the
NCAA South Central Regional
smalI college title, Hohby's inn
pressive delegation finished the
campaign with an overall 28-4
mark.
Grambling participated in the
NCAA championship tournament
in Indiana and must be considered
at this stage as a possible men,
Der of the post season tournament
group.
Only one man was lost from the
1878 squad. The team has better
depth and experience in material,
and freshman prospects have re-
vitalized a strong bench.
Despite the formidable appear
ance, Hobby says the ambitious
schedule may limit the percentage
of victories 20 normally.
1t includes Texas Southern, Jack
son State, Southern University,
Arkansas AM&N, Wiley and Prai-
lie View.
Other schedule highlights include
the Pelican State Tournament in
Shreveport Dec. 22-24 and the
Xavier Christmas Tournament in
New Orleans Dec. 26-27.
The Tigers will play IA South
western Conference games. The
complete schedule follows:
Dec. 6, Philander Smith, Gramb-
ling.
Dec. ID, Alcorn College, Gamb-
ling.
Dec. Is, Alcorn College, Alcorn,
Miss.
Dec. II, Philander Smitr, Lit
tie Rock, Ark.
Dec. Is, Paul Quinn Grambling.
Dec. 1924, Pelican State Tour
nament, Shreveport.
Dec. 1921, Xavier Tournament,
New Orleans.
Jan. 5, Southern University,
Baton Rouge.
Jan. 6, Jackson State, Jackson,
Miss.
Jan. 10, Prairie View, Prairie
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-11-29

failure to keep records a. q means
Of accurately determining profits
or losses, (3) the practice by .
few farmers Of selling animals by
the head, rather than by grade
and weight, az paronizing only
one auction market, instead Of
watching prices at the various
markets, (5) the need for i'm
proved management, and (6) fall
ure to make greater use Of market
information.
The study was conducted by
three agricultural economists Of
Alcorn A. 4 M. College, Lorman,
Miss, in cooperation with the u.
8. Department of Agriculture I'M
der terms of the Research and
Marketing Act of 1916.
A total of 260 Negro farm own
ers in IL counties were interviewed
during the study All obtained ut
least % percent of their gross
income from the sale of livestock.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-11-29
CONTINUED from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
Soviet Union and Communist
China
The manifesto called for
marches, public rallies, and DEM
onstrations on q large scale in
Africa and Asia Dec. /, and ex-
pressed confidence that this day
vnuld serve as "final notice to
the imperialists to get out at once"
It said that the terrified and
panicky imperialists are resorting
to the most shameless and naked
practices to maintain their totter-
ing empires"
The manifesto denounced "the
deceit and trickery of the So
called de Gaulle referendum and
the British-manipulated elections
in Uganda"
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-11-29

FAMOUS LAST WORDS: "Why
can't you get mad at me and stop
talking for a couple of days like
other mems wives ?"
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-11-29

Continued from Page One)
grated public schools.
The clergymen significantly rep
resented big city and small neigh
borhood churches and Jewish tenn
Piles, including conservative and
liberay groups. They composed the
bulk Of approximately 400 Protest
ant churches and synagogues in
the Metropolitan area.
Similar stands previously have
been adopted by Roman Catholic
and Jewish religious leaders.
The new manifesto, following
by a year a previous one on the
subject, called for:
Obedience to laws governing
racial integration.
Preservation of the public school
system.
Calm leadership for political fig
ures in place Of the type of "in-
flammatory utterance which has
characterized too many public pro-
nouncements."
Encouragement within churches
of "a free and intelligent discus
sion of the issues we confront"
Appointment of q citizens COM
mission Ito preserve the harmony
of our community"
The ministers fatty rejected
"any suggestion" that church prop
erty be used for school purposes
here "as a mean of circumventing
the law" in the event of integra-
ton orders. It has been suggested
that church property be used as
private schools should public insti-
tutions be closed by the state.
The clergymen said they did not
"believe in the wisdom of massive
integration." They expressed be-
lief that if the states take reason
able steps toward compliance with
court mandates, "the federal gov
eminent will be willing to leave
the working out of details in local
hands,"
The statement, bearing the sig
natures of some of the most out
standing clergymen in the South,
came at a time when concern was
increasing here over pending school
cases affecting Atlanta in the fed
eral courts. The cases are expected
to be settled by September, 1859.
The ministers hailed ''the intelli-
gent concern and struggle" of an
number of groups who
are facing the issue and its impli-
cations.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-11-29

Roughneck: II like a girl with
a good figure either physical or
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-11-29
Ham pton 80.
Continued from Page One)


the areas of Chemistry, Mathemat-
les and Physics. The in-service
teachers would register for eight
hours of academic credit and earn
credit for four semester hours Cor
the subject-matter course and four
semester hours for the general
seminar.
Major responsibility for teach
ing the caurses will be assumed
by instructors drawn from the
regular faculty of Hampton's De-
partment of Natural Sciences. This
group will be assisted by instruc-
tors representing other disciplines
and by visiting lecturers to be
used in general seminars and for
individual and small group confer
ences.
The faculty will consist of DIR.
Inge; DIR. Victor L. Fields, Pro-
fessor of Chemistry; Professor
SEVERN r. Beyma, Associate Pro-
fessor of Mathematics; and Pro-
fessor William L. Fields, Associate
Professor of Physics.
Seventy-five participants viii be
selected from the Southern Region
of the United States who hold a
Baccalaureate Degree from an ac-
credited institution with strong
concentration in Science and
Mathematics
The applicant must be actively
engaged in teaching the field in
which he selects to study and must
be recommended by his principal.
He will not be charged tuition or
fees and will receive in addition
stipend not to exceed $75 week
plus an additional allowance for
dependents Cup to a maximum for
four) at the rate of SIS per depend
ent per week
Application blanks may be OBJ
tanned by writing to DIR. Frederick
Inge, Hampton, Institute, Hamp-
ton, Va.