davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1958-03-07

have been removed from the
labor market. Older men now
customarily retire with some
years of leisure in prospect.
international tensions require
large numbers of young men
to serve in our Armed For
ces. Inevitably women have had
to take over an increasing
share of the work that must
be done outside the home.
'Apartment-house living and
mass production of ready
made clothings, household APP
pliances and ready to eat
foods have facilitated women's
assumption of their new du.
ties"
Nevertheless, the Women's
Bureau found that over half
of the women IA years of age
or older were exclusively
homemakers, about a tenth
were in school, or were wom-
en- who are unable to work.
About a third of the employ
er married women were year.
around, full-time workers. The
rest were "in and out" of the
labor force or we're part-time
workers, students working
during rush seasons or house
wives working only two or
three days a week.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1958-03-07

q. What is the difference
between the Greek Orthodox
Church and the Eastern Rite
members Of the Cath ollie
Church?
A. The Greek Orthodox
Church consists of a group of
independent churches which
separated from the Roman
Catholic Church in the ninth
and tenth centuries. There are
II more or less national
groups which have grown
from the original schismatic
members of the patriarchiates
of Alexandria, Antioch, Con-
stantinople and Jeru S a | m
They are outside the Catholic
Church, especially in the mat
ter of rejecting the divine au-
thority and primacy of the
bishop of Rome, the pope.
There are eastern churches,
many of them formerly part
of these schismatic groups,
which belong to the Catholic
Church and recognize the
pope. They are members of
the Eastern Rite Of the Cath
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1958-03-07
and We Quote
Right to work

Some textile worker from
Concord in a letter to the
Raleigh News and Observer
explains that he had been all
wrong in his understanding Of
the North Carolina Right To
Work Law. Says he just now
discovered that the law does
not say one single word about
his right to get or hold a job.
Either the man is droll in
the extreme. or had been ex-
cessively naive. He closes his
letter published Feb. 21)
with: as it not time for Gov
ernor Hodges. our State legis-
lators and our State and our
local Chamber of Commerce
to make a fortnight state
ment to the unemployed that
there is no such thing as a
right-to-work law, or if there
Is one, to tell us unemployed
workers. how we can claim
its benefits" Unemployment
in North Carolina is Z per
cent above national average
North Caroline Catholic
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1958-03-07
The Yardstick
The Yardstick
Economist Thinks Labor
Position Needs Analysis
By Msgr. George G. Higgins

DR.. Edward Chamberlin
of Harvard University, in
the booklet referred to in
last weeks column CThe
Economic Analysis of Labor
Union Power" American En-.
terprise Association, Washing
ton, D.C.l says that the av-
erage man in the street as
we'll as the average profes.
sional economist does most OF
his thinking about the labor
problem in terms of outmoded
cliches.
organized labor" he says,
els on the whole rather well
up the income scale. yet the
anachronism that labor is
down-trodden and deserving
of some special kind of pub
lie sympathy carries on"
mo CRITICISM"
This so-called cultural lag"
DR.. Chamberlin continues, has
been a deterrent to any IA.
tional economic analysis OF la.
Dor unions and has made IT
almost impossible for econo-
mists and even for the popu-
lar press to criticize the labor
movement without being &C
eused OF having an anti-labor
bias.
"fsi the plain facts are" he
eoneludss. that for anyone
ssfesrnsd with the prsssrvs.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1958-03-07
The Washington Letter
Women Constitute Nearly
One-Third OF ALI Workers

outnumber men as stockhold-
ers (but the total value of the
stocks they hold is less than
that of stock owned by mem;
are a third of the college stu
dents, and are nearly a fifth
of all labor-union members.
The Department of Labor
forecasts an increase of five
million women workers in the
decade between 1855 and
1865.
One-half of the women
workers in 1856 were over 80
years of age: one-half were
married; one-fourth were sim
gle, and slightly less than a
fourth we're widowed. divorc-
ed, or their husbands were
away from home. Of lose
who were ever married more
than one-fourth had no chill
dren under six years OF age,
and we'll over half had no chill
dren under Is.
The Women's Bureau says
a along social evolution" has
altered the pattern of women's
lives in the course of a hum
dred years.
1.-The social structure has
undergone change" the study
points out. Children, by vir-
tue of school attendance laws,
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1958-03-07

WASHINGTON - AL
most a third of all work
ers In the United States
are women.
Over a third of the wo-
men in this country-22
million out of GOT million IA
years old and over were
found to be workers.
These included:
Half Of the IL million single
women.
Two-fifth OF the lis million
women who were widowed,
divorced or separated, or
whose husbands were in the
armed services or employed
away from home.
Three-tenths of the 1873
million married women whose
husbands were living at home.
These statistics have been
compiled from figures gath
cred in 1856. They have been
published in Spotlight on
Women in the United States,
1861" a study made by the
Women's Bureau of the us.
Department of Labor.
The study also reveals that
women cast approximately
half Of the votes in the 1856
presidential elections; slightly
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1958-03-07
FIR. Healey's Inquiry Corner
lis Creek Orthodox
Same as Eastern Rite?

Ollie Church and are often
spoken of as the innate Cath.
Ollie Church. They resemble
the Orthodox in ceremonies
and customs but they are en-
tirely one with us in all es-
sential points of Catholic faith
and practice.
q. Would Alan and Eileen
be suitable Catholic names for
twins?
A. st. Alan was bishop Of
Maestricht and died about
$50 AID. His feast is Febru-
airy s. He is known as patron
of brewers, innkeepers and
wine merchants. Eileen, Elean-
or, Ellen are variations Of
Helen. of whom the most IA
nous is the mother of Con-
stantine, who died in 1923 and
whose feast day is August
18th.
Send questions to Father
Edward F. Healey, Inquiry
Corner, The Catholic Times,
Box 636, Columbus is, Ohio.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1958-03-07

ed 4,500 persons in all its
varied enterprises. 1t said that
PAX's budget for social and
political activities during 1856
amounted to $9.5 million.
In January, 1850, the Polish
government seized Caritas,
Poland's Catholic welfare
agency and the largest non
governmental relief ~organiza-
ton in the nation.
Caritas was turned over to
PAX where it has become an
other tool for the division and
conquering of the nations
faithful. When the Stalinist
regime fell in 1856 and a
Church-state agreement was
reached, the Polish hierarchy
insisted that Caritas be return
ed to Church management.
During the past year Carl
tas has been removed from
PAX control and placed in
the hands of Catholics who
are sympathetic with the CO.
mulka regime. But the Church
has not been given control of
the agency.
A patriotic priest" Anfoni
Lempsrfy, who super vissd
Caritas for PAX, is still chair.
man Of the organization and
Jan Erankowski, . politician
who broke with PAX when
Gomvlks came TO power. is .
director.
Caritas now operates homes
for the aged and for the
handicapped. 1t also has 81
institutions for retarded chill
dren.
During the past year PAX
has entered a new venture in
the form of cooperative as
sociations, through which it
hopes to broader and
strengthen its financial posi-
ton.
Twenty-six of these associa-
tons have been set up so far
for the production Of build
ing material. During 1858 it
is hoped that they can pro-
duce six million bricks and
1905 900 cubic feet of prefabri-
Gated building material.
To a great extent, these as
sociations are financed by
loans from the PAX associa-
ton. For example, the new
brick kiln at Ryki was built
with a $250,00O loan from
PAX.
Thus it is that an organiza-
ton whose popularity is on
the Wane has been able to
maintain its Importance. AL
though PAX's activities have
become less and less appar-
ent, who knows if they are
not more dangerous now than
ever before?
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1958-03-07
tor. Today's underprivileged

tor. Today's underprivileged
are to be found elsewhere"
"Dr. chamberlin might have
added that the labor move
msnt, with all It's faults and
imperfections. is probably do.
ing more than any other sim
gle group in the American
economy land FIRE qvsntly
against the sllesedly better
judgment Of professional econ.
omists) to raise the standards
Of the undsrprivilesed, wher.
ever they are found.
That doesn't mean, OF
course, that organized labor
should be immune from le-
gitimate criticism. Not at all.
Economists and newspaper ed
itors, among others, have a
perfect right to 60 on criticiz-
ing the labor movement to
their hearts content, as so
many Of them are doing at the
present time.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1958-03-07
DOUGH IMPORTANT

DOUGH IMPORTANT
The rule does not imply
that one must remain dormant
and stationary in the loWest
levels. That is not human, let
alone Christian. 1t is because
of men who do just that that
some mothers are forced to
leave their homes for outside
work. Another reason why
some mothers leave home is
because their husbands,
through no fault of their own,
simply do not make enough
money. True, imam does not
live by bread alone" but
dough is still very important
and not only for bread.
Some husbands can get only
mental Jobs; here our hearts
go out especially TO many mi
nority groups. The extra mon
sy . wife can earn is neces-
ssry for survival. Other moth
ers take outside Jobs because
they cannot stay all day in
dark. dirty, crowded houses.
Few human beings could en-
dure living In "hsuntsd"
shaeks.
Older children also soon
learn to detest this type of
home. They prefer to remain
on the streets as late as they
can, though this means bad
company, learning to get
tough, to be daring, to be
skilled at knife I j 6 &.
There is a constant relation
ship between delinq uency,
drink, immortality, and bad
housing.
Would that one Presidsn-
tial Nominee - at least one
would some day recognize this
housing problem on his po-
litiesI platform. Over 1900.
900 Americans are living in
sIums. Philadelphia alone has
5000 houses every year fall.
ing into that category.
Space permits that we only
refer to class prejudice here
which is often more cruel and
subtle than race prejudice.
Even school teachers fall vic
Tins to the blight and destroy
the trust that pupils need to
have in the teaching profess
sion. These teachers seem on
ly too readily to favor the
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1958-03-07

tion Of free institutions The
power position Of labor has
become truly ominovs, that II
has gone largely unrseosnir.
ed, and that II cries out for
analysis from truly public,
as distinguished from . labor
point of view"
! wonder if things are real
ly as bad as all that. II il true
that economists as a group are
so sensitive to public opinion
that they are reluctant to crit
icize the labor movement for
fear of being labeled or carrie
atured as midi Victorian reac-
tionaries? Maybe they are, but
frankly | wouldn't have
thought so on the basis of my
own fairly extensive reading
In the held oil professional
economic literature.
SACRED COW?
In any event, whatever the
situation may be within the
ranks OF the economics pro-
fession, there is no evidence,
TO the best of my knowledge,
that the popular press of the
United States has been or is
being substantially influenc-
ed, much less intimidated by,
the alleged popularity Of or.
ganized labor. On the con-
trary, there is reason to be-
lieve that the majority Of
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1958-03-07

American apers and
periodicals have criticized the
labor movement more often
than they have praised it.
This could mean one of two
things. On the one hand, 1t
could mean that the American
press is courageously and even
Tecklessly Indifferent to the
pressures of public opinion;
or, on the other hand, it could
mean that labor's popularity
is considerably less than DR..
Chamberlin makes it out to
be. AS an omnivorous reader
of newspapers and magazines
from all sections of the cQun-
try, | am rather inclined to
think that 1t means the latter.
pEBATABLE THESIS
In the course of developing
his highly debatable thesis
that labor is a kind of sacred
COW in American society, DR..
Chamberlin makes another
point which should be quail
fled, | think, not only in fair
ness to the labor movement
but in the interest of objective
truth. He says that Those
who are rightly concerned
with the lot of the underprivi-
legged in our economy will
hardly be impressed by the
claims Of the trade union sec
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1958-03-07
Making Marriage Click
Be Frugal No Matter
How Much You Have.
By Msgr. Irving A. DeBlanc

child who is better dressed, or
from a higher social class, or
more poised; they never real
ize how deeply they wound
other pupils. Doctors refer Of
ten now to a disease known as
morasmus. 1t. is a disease
which kills and is often found
among young children who
have not been loved suffi-
GENTLY. often these poor
youngsters are victims of
class distinction.
THE COMMON GOOD
Our last rule would remind
us that we must give super
fluous money TO charity. The
Holy Father has stressed this.
Too much money is "excess
baggage" on the road to eter-
nifty. Wealth is a trust and
man cannot use it exactly as
he wants TO. For that reason
a true Christian cannot arbi-
trarily retire from business
just because he has enough
money. He lives also for the
good of society and if society
needs him he is not permitted
to stop and just loaf.
In helping others, we must
keep in mind that we first
help those who are nearest TO
Us in blood or in location.
That is, we first help our rel
atives, our in-lsws, then our
fellow townsmen and gradual
Iy we move out 10 others in
the world. Wa next help
those who are most in need;
those who are missing the ne
eessifies Of I~ife--food, shell
Ter. clothing. love. And with
over one.hslf Of the world 60
ing TO bed hungry can we
ever Ivxvriate?
Finally, We help in proper
ton as we are capable OF
helping. Obviously we can
not afford to help all who
need but we can always help
some.
We continue to 80 forward
today in the science of mathe-
mates. but we are falling far
behind in the science of love.
Pascal would caution us
quickly, "R of that
knowledge which does not
end in love-"
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1958-03-07

In the last column we
spoke of two rules by
which men could live it
up but still be Christian.
Today we have two final
rules.
One is to live within ones
status, but to select the lower
level of that status, not the
highest degrees of it.
The Holy Father forcefully
reminds us that Sisters, Bro
Tiers, and priests should have
the necessities of their status
but that it should be the ne
cessities Of a frugal middle
class in the civil community
In which they live.
The emphasis is on frugal.
We priests could not be very
convincing il we preached a
doctrine but did not practice
1t. II Christ had thought that
only A doctrine was necessary
for men TO live by, His stay
on earth might have been
very, very short.
Doubtless one reasons why
Hssdid remain 80 years was
10 .Aeonvines Us OF values by
actually living them. That
surely Is one Of our main
tasks IS priests; TO become
living examples Of what Christ
taught. There Is TO be no cult
Of insincerity.
In a study entitled yankee
City" Warner and Lunt divide
American classes into six cate
gories: the lower lower, the
upper lower, the lower mid
die, the upper middle, the
lower upper, and the upper
upper. This rule does not
mean that a Christian in
slower middle" should live as
one in an upper lower, or
that one should be satisfied
In any one class. No! But
there are degrees in each ac-
ceptable category: a frugal"
level Is then recommended,
not the lavish, extreme level.
Reaching always, always for
that higher ceiling easily up
sets Gods recipe of seeking
first the Kingdom of God and
His justice" That is the prin-
eiple to be observed.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1958-03-07
Fails to Split Polish Catholics
PAX Becomes Economic POUer
MM.

The author of the fol-
lowing article is an exiled
Polish newspaperman who
served on daiIies in War
saw and abroad and has
written extensively on
Polish Problems.
BY Vincent Pol
For more than Il years
now Poland's PAX Or
ganization of progressive
Catholics has been en-
jagged not only in social
and political activities,
but also in the publish
ing and business world.
It's admitted aim is to con-
vince the nations 26,500,000
faithful that it is possible to
be good communists while re-
naming good Catholics.
Despite its failure to &C
complish this mission with
any measure of success. PAX
has been able to establish it.
self as an economic power.
Because of its vast CONNER
cial and financial holdings,
PAX has entrenched itself in
the nations economic struc-
ture and has grown to be
larger than Poland's entire
private industry.
PAX controls more than IS
factories which produce
myriad Of items from shoes
TO metal products. II has q
monopoly on church and de.
vofionsl items, as we'll IS corr
troll of an extensive publish.
ing empire.
Its financial power was one
of the major reasons that 1t
weathered a serious crisis that
arose shortly after the anti
Stalinist Gomulka regime
came to power late in 1856.
During the years when the
Stalinist regime was in pow
er, Red stooge Boleslaw Pia.
secki. directed the PAX AS
ISOLATION. In his attempt to
i~nfiltrate the ranks Of Catho-
lie laymen and to create "di-
versionary" action among the
Polish people, he realized that
PAX would need the facilities
to print and distribute tons of
propaganda.
With the aid of state funds,
Piasecki guided his organiza-
ton in establishing a vast
publishing empire, which to-
day includes four publishing
companies.
-Kierunki Publishing Com
pany publishes the Warsaw
weekly Kierunki Directions).
-Katolik Opolski Company
also publishes a weekly, Kato-
lik Opolski Catholic of Opo-
LEI.
-Zorza Swiateczna Com
pany publishes Zorza Swia-
teczna Holiday's DAWN, an
other weekly.
PAX Publis hing Com
pany, the largest of the four,
is actually a vast holding com
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1958-03-07

R1A NAt>
ly, a weekly, a bi-monthly,
controls a book publishing
firm, and operates a school.
Its biggest publication
is Slowo PoWszechny (Univer-
sal World. a Warsaw daily
with a circulation of approx
mately 175,000. Its annual bus
mess totals nearly So million
at the official rate. Its circu-
lation and cost of publication
nearly equal that of Trybuna
Ludu Peoples Tribune), Off
cial Warsaw daily of the Unit
ed Workers Communists par
ty.
The firm also publishes the
Wroclawski Tygodnik Katoli-
kow Wroclaw Weekly for
Catholics), and the bi-month-
ly Zycis / Mysl Qife and
Thought.) The latter publica-
ton has a yearly budget of
$15O,O00.
PAX Publishing Company
also owns the Instytut Wy
dawniczy publishing 1nstl-
tute) which printed numerous
books during 1856 at a cost of
81 million. The sale of these
volumes crossed the Organlza-
ton about $7.2 million.
During 1857 the Publishing
Institute planned to print and
distribute 1.3 million copies
of 125 separate works. Finan-
cial figures for the past year
arc not available.
The st. Augustine School
in Warsaw also benefits from
the PAX firms wealth. Near
..ly $375,000 is given annually
for the education of 200 stu
dents at the school.
From the publishing indus
try, PAX brsnehed out into
the field Of religious and de-
votionsl goods, and later into
international trading and man.
ufaefvring.
Two d j aries were
established in connection with
the publishing firm, which
acts as a holding company, to
conduct those operations 9TH
er than publishing.
Largest of the two is NCO,
an international trading COM
pany. This firm oversees "a
industrial enterprises includ-
ing a large metal products
company, an engi n eering
firm, and a Warsaw chemical
plant called Tetra. The last
named firm crossed $4.5 mill
lion during 1856 with a profit
of S2.2 million.
The other subsidiary is
VERITAS. a chain of relig-
iouss goods stores with small
plant for the manufacture of
devotional items. Nearly
three score of these religious
goods stores are located
throughout Poland.
During 1856. INco and
vERlTAS crossed about SIS
million, more than The total
gross business Of The nations
privately owned industry.
Within the past five years
the annual business Of these
firms has increased fivsfold.
NCO and VERTTAS, which
employ around 5000 persons,
transmit their profits to the
PAX Publishing Com pany,
which, in turn, makes the
money available to Piasecki
and the Pax Association. In
1856. NCO handed over $15.7
million, while VERITAS con.
tributed $7.5 million to the
PAX Golfers.
A few months ago the War
saw weekly, Zycie Gospo-
darcze Economic Life, esti-
mated that the PAX Associa-
tons capital funds exceed
$16.5 million with an annual
turnover fund Of more than
SIS million, OF which SGT mil
lion was cash-on-hand in Pol
ish banks.
The weekly also stated that
the PAX Association employ.
Evening star., 1958-07-08
CONTRACT
BRIDGE
By EAsLEY Lakewood

In many cases an unblockine
play adds to the chances Of
making your contract-and
cannot possibly lose anything,
In today's deal Mr.. Meek led
the ten Of clubs against the
skimpy three-no-trump con-
tract.
North dealer.
Bost sides vulnerable.
NORTH
(Mrs. Keen)
AlO4
2Q7
oAKl0975
%QJ2
WEST EAST
(Mr. Meek (Mr. AbeD
AAQ5 AJ73
1854 0K1062
oJ8 oQ@2
%Kl0983 ass
SOUTH
(Mr. Masters)
AK9862
0AJ83
%
%A74
The bidding:
North East South West
10 Pass IL Pass
20 Pass INT Pass
3NT All Pass
Opening lead: Ten Of clubs.
The usual play in this setup
would be to play the queen or
jack from the board, hoping the
opener has led away from the
king. If he has the queen or
jack will hold the trick. But, as
Mr.. Masters saw at once, he
could not win three tricks in
the suit by going up with an
honor in dummy, except in the
extremely unlikely case where
Mr.. Meek had underled the
king doubleton.
He tossed out that possibility
and decided that he could win
two clubs and no more. What
did it matter, then, if he won
the first two or the first and
third? The main consideration
was that he had to make GER
tain OF an entry to dummy to
bring in the long diamond suit
after 1t was set up.
So he played the deuce of
clubs from dummy and went
up with the ace in his own
hand. This seeming extrava-
gance was actually the ulti-
mate in conservatism.
Now the defenders could not
keep him out of dummy unless
they had two kings of clubs.
At track two he led his lone
diamond to dummy's king.
caShed the ace of diamonds and
discarded a small spade from
his hand. Next he led the ten
OF diamonds and Mr.. Abel won
with the queen. On the club
return Mr.. Meek won with the
king and led a third club. But
dummy won this last trick and
after cashing the rest of the
diamonds Mr.. Masters took a
heart flnesse and made his
contract.
The result would have been
different If he had won the
first club with the queen in
dummy. That would have left
htm'with the ace and seven. He
could hardly overtake the ace
with dummy's jack, and when
ever he played the seven Mr..
Meek would play the king.
Thus he would never get to the
board to run the diamonds or
to take the heart finesse.
Distributed By McNanuht arnhicat.A
Evening star., 1958-07-08

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