davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-22
Hiqh Cost of Inoction

A tragic echo OF the midair collision
last April between commercial airliner
and jet fighter near Las Vegas, Nevada,
has come from poSt-mortem report on
the accident by the Civil Aeronautics
Board. This report reveals that it cost
40 lives to bring about precautionary
measures that might well have averted
the accident-meaSureS which, in view
of a number of near collisions preceding
the fatal crash, should have been taken
earlier.
The CAB has placed the blame for
conditions which made the accident pos
Sible on both the Air Force and the Civil
AeronauticS Administration. 1t found
that military jet training operations and
civil airliner flights had been danger
ously intermixed on the civil airway near
NelliS Air Force Base, that complaints
of ar-encounters with jet fighters had
been made by commercial airline pilots
and that nothing was done by military
or civil aviation officials to correct the
situation. That is. nothing was done
until United passenger craft with At
persons aboard and an Air Force jet
carrying two officers collided, sending
all to their deaths.
On the fatal day an Air Force train
ing jet was on an Air approved
fight course, the board said, where
most commercially air traffic could rea-
sonably be expected" The jets course
was within the airway path of the United
airliner. Just as the airliner approached
Las Vegas on scheduled course and time
and at approved altitude, the fighter
plane began a descent that brought it
into collision angle near the Nellis
base. The particular angle of approach
of the two aircraft, the CAB pointed out,
was one in which it was extremely diff
cult for either pilot to see the other
plane.
The report concluded that neither
the pilots nor the planes were at fault.
Full responsibility for the hazardous
conflict of military and civilian air
traffic in the airway was placed on the
Air Force and the CAA. 1t said: ut was
incumbent upon the military to estab-
lish procedures providing minimum col
lision exposure. -. The (jet's) penetra-
L4OLl kOA J1lC Oh way OA0 LOb 1u41ll G1lAo
obligation" The CAA, the report added,
exercised poor judgment in failing to
take any action with respect to condi-
tons that existed on, the airway Struc-
ture which impaired visual collision
avoidance and created unnecessary col
liSion exposure"
w-belatedly-StepS have beer
taken not only to eliminate the "unnec
essary" hazards near NelliS Air Force
Base but to bring about greater Separa-
ton of military and civil air operations
on all the Always. Flying still entails
risks, Just as riding in automobiles does,
but the CAB report makes it plain that
some of the dangers can be eliminated
by better control of the Nations air
lanes by alert and determined authori-
ties. Oficial apathy on the safety prob
lem cannot be tolerated.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-22
Animals and birds wax and
nc 40 L. a snninnhnrlaAnI

Animals and birds wax and
wane in a neighborhood.
One year it may be squir-
rels that seem to be disap-
pearing.
One thinks of some mean
neighbor who refuses to &C
cept these rodents as part of
the suburban scene.
Is he killing them off, in
defiance of protection laws,
or is he just quietly trapping
them and taking them to an
other section?
One does not know, but the
certainty is that there are
fewer squirrels than for
merly.
=
Another spring, there will
seem to be far less birds than
in past years.
The observer hates to &C
cuse anyone, even mentally,
of harming the birds.
Wild rabbits, formerly plen-
tiful, are seldom seen.
What is happening?
In all such cases, it may be
no more than the waxing
and waning spoken Of; life
is never static. that is why
it is life.
Before we see a culprit in
the scene. let us remember
this.
The golden chain of life
has many weak links.
The ups and downs of liv-
ing come to all persons, in
dividuals, groups.
When the small European
Jennings get to a certain
tribal population, they ire
sistibly have a sudden urge
to go across country.
They leave their habitat,
as if ordered to do SO, and
plunge across country. Thou~
sands fall into streams and
drown, but it makes no diff
ference; on and on they go.
To the watcher, it seems a
sort of death fulfillment in
operation, but who knows
what strange urgings are at
work?
4 4 4
In a suburban neighbour
hood, the observer must keep
in mind that he is not just
a part of a certain subdi-
vision, plotted and mapped,
and all down in the records.
He also is part of the land.
On one side of him is the
city. and on the other side
the ever-increasing suburbs.
Beyond that, the real coun-
try.
Farmlands lie over there
yet. no matter how the eager
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-22
D. c. JobIess

Maybe it is Just that peo-
pie here are too close to Con-
gress. At the House hearing
on raising unemployment
compensation from a maxi
mum of $50 a week to S62
a week. Representative Mac
MILAN. Democrat of South
Carolina. remarked. Il didn't
know that anyone in the
District of Columbia was suf-
fering because they couldn't
get work. They didn't tell
me about it," 1t was pointed
out to him that there are
5000 (including former Gov
eminent employees in the
District who are drawing I'M
employment compensation in
addition to the claimants who
have exhausted their bene-
fits and the large number of
unemployed who were not
under covered employment.
And the District pays a lower
rate than many States.
II. n.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-22
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
R0diotion's Effects on Cells Tested
By THOMAS R. HENRY

mechanisms are responsible
for deaths due to radiation.
There is no single fatal
eject which can be defined ~
the radiation syndrome."
This was reported to the
conference by DR.. A. Dunkic
and his associates Of the uni
versity Of Louvain, Belgium.
The Belgian Psychologists
irradiated with gamma rays
various specific parts Of the
bodies of rats, carefully
shielding all the rest Of the
bodies.
When the head alone was
given a heavy dose, the
animals developed a general
anemia in a few days. Ira
diation Of the thorax caused
serious gastrointestinal dis
turbances in about a month
and there was a high prob
ability of death from pneu-
monia in about three months.
Irradiation Of the abdomen
resulted in a delayed fatal
leukemia.
The animals were exposed
to several dose levels of ra-
diation, both of the whole
body and parts of the body.
1t was found that all the
rats which survived both the
early and late effects and
those exposed to doses too
small to have such effects
still had a definite shortening
Of the expected life span.
No Regular Pattern
This shortening, Dr.. Dun
kic and his associates found,
becomes effective at different
times after irradiation, de-
pending on the area radiated.
On the other hand, the sur
vival curve of animals SUBJ
jected to whole body radia-
ton shows that mortality is
regularly distributed.
80" the Belgian investi-
gators concluded, several
different mechanisms Of
death must be involved in the
shortening of life span after
whole body irradiation."
This shortening of life ex.
pectancy apparently is an
extremely complex phenome-
non, it was stressed in other
reports. There is, for ex-
ample, an apparent heredi-
tary effect. The life expect
ancy of animals from a Short
lived strain is hardly affected
at all, while it is notably
reduced for those from long
lived strains.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-22

UNIVERSITY OF YER
MONT-Surgery with beams
of alpha particles on single
cells 30 by 20 mu in area was
reported before the Internal
tional Conference on Radia-
ton here.
A mu is a millionth of a
millimeter, which is a thou
sandth Of a meter, which is a
little more than a yard.
There are several million such
cells in the tip Of the finger.
A single cell is visible only
under very high microscopy.
The surgery, entirely to de-
termine the effects Of radia-
ton on the cell which is the
unit Of all life, was performed
with extremely precise beams
of alpha particles, the nuclei
Of helium atoms.
The procedure was de-
scribed by DR.. c. l.. Smith of
Cambridge University, Eng
land. It was undertaken to
observe Just what part of the
unit Of life was altered or in
jured by the alpha particle
radiation to which the human
body is exposed from various
radioactive isotopes such as
might come from atom bomb
tests.
Effects on Cells Noted
1t is recognized that the
effects of such tests, both on
heredity and the health of
the individual. are on the
cellular level, but there has
been much uncertainty as to
what actually happens when
a cell is hit by a radioactive
particle. A major effect OBJ
served was failure of a cell
to divide properly, DR.. Smith
reported. He worked first with
cells of incubated chicken
eggs in the process of divi-
sion to form the chick en-
bryo. In nearly every case
there was rather violent
bubbling of the cytoplaSm,
the material surrounding the
cell nucleus. With relatively
low radiation doses, ultrami-
croScopic photographs show
ed, about half the nuclei of
the cells failed to divide but
evolved into cells with double
nuclei which eventually died.
A similar effect could be
expected from radiation on
the mammalian embryo, in
Guiding the human embryo in
case of the radiation of an
expectant mother.
At least three distinct
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-22
TV Critic

We are informed that the
Russians are heavily iamming
the Voice of America broad
casts of the U.N General
Assembly debate. Ambassa-
dor Lodge challenged Mr..
Khrushchev to give the Rus
sian people the opportunity
of listening to a candid, I'M
censored broadcast of the
U. N. debate.
The challenge, as was to be
expected, has not been taken
up by Moscow. But how
about Washington D. c.,
capital of the free world?
Here, nobody would jam the
programs, if only the local
stations would take the trou-
BILE of broadcasting the pro-
ceedings, or showing them on
TV, as is being done con-
siStently in New York. In
stead, we are being served
the usual fare of soap operas
and give-away programs,
with only very few and care
fully selected excerpts of the
debate. Whoever makes up
the programs for radio and
TV must have a very poor
opinion of the Washington
listening audience, if that is
all they can offer.
Gina Racca.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-22
Arab Logic

Mary McGrory, whose writ
ing I always enjoy reading,
asks august l6) in her arti-
Gle on the speech of Ahmad
Shukairy, Saudi Arabian
delegate, before the U.N.
General Assembly, g. . If the
British withdraw what of
King Hussein?" The answer
is in Mr.. Shukairy's speech:
ARAB imperialism is in
conceivable. 1t is unthink-
able for one to enslave him
self, to capture his own land,
to Subdue his own people, and
to conquer his own father
land. One can conceivably
conquer others, dominate
others, inf1ltrate in the terri
tory of others. But no Arab
is an alien to any Arab, and
no Arab country is foreign
to another Arab country. This
is the main premise upon
which we call the United Ma
tons to act"
With this logic, Mr.. Shu-
kairy shows that the assassi-
nations of the Iraqi King
Faisal, Crown Prince Abdul
Ilah, and Premier Nuri as
Said were really their ingeni-
Gus way of committing sui
eide. Since they were them
selves Arabs they couldn't
possibly have been guilty of
dominating other Arabs. The
Arab prisoners in Baghdad
accused of supporting the
former regime would have
the charges against them dis
missed and be set free i'm
mediately if other business
did not prevent Mr.. Shukairy
from serving as their lawyer.
With this logic, the Com
munist rulers of Russia in
weak moments imagine they
convince their workers that
they can't possibly be ex-
plotted since they themselves
own" the factories and
everything else, and "How
can anyone exploit himself?"
If this is the main prem
Use" of the Arab world"
then it is a logic out of this
world. 1t means a fact can
be turned into its opposite by
calling it something else.
Sidney KOretZ.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-22
Pay Inequities

Recently there appeared in
this column a letter by three
engineers describing fully an
injustice which the Civil
Service Commission saw fit to
impose upon certain engineers
mot all engineers) at the
time of the recent so-called
10 per cent Government pay
raise.
Following that letter there
have been expressions to the
effect that engineers are not
now so scarce as alleged when
Sputnik I took to the upper
regions, and that engineers
are well paid and should not
object to having the 10 per
cent raise deleted when they
are promoted.
The questions of whether
Government engineers are
over or under paid and
whether the supply of en-
gineers is excessive or short
are irrelevant. The problem is
that effective as of a specified
day last June some engineers
are drawing almost 10 per
cent more than other engi-
neers at adjacent desks doing
the same work. The reason
for the difference is due to a
ruling of the Civil Service
Commission. Congress gave
civil service classified workers
a 10 per cent pay raise. The
Civil Service Commission inn
mediately ruled that en-
gineers will lose this 10 per
cent when they are promoted.
The writer was under the
impression that next to in
surfing that only qualified in
dividuals are employed for a
given position that the Civil
Service Commission was ex-
pected to establish equal pay
for equal work. Was labor
ing under a misunderstand-
ing?
Could not the Civil Serv-
ice Commission at least pro-
vide for a gradual change
from one pay system to the
other?
BraxtOn H. Tabb, Jr.,
Registered Professional
ENGINEER
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-22
Richard L. FeIdman.
Thompson's Views

I followed with great in
terest Dorothy Thompson's
recent articles regarding the
Arab-Israeli conflict of which
the latest "Swope's Israeli
Institute Request" august
16) illustrates the Machiavel-
Ian spirit to which she stoops
in her pro-Arab zeal.
Her good faith is certainly
dubious when one compares
her views previously expressed
with her present ones on the
same Arab Israeli problem.
M. S. Limberg.
\ X 4
Dorothy Thompson's COL
umn concerning the Swope
bequest to the archaeological
Institute in Haifa, Israel, a
highly regarded educational
institution in sciences, seems
to suggest that American
contributions to such for
eign" institutions have other
wise not been tax-exempt
contributions.
There have been very many
such tax-exempt contribu-
tons to universities in various
foreign" countries through
out the world for many years,
and Americans usually take
pride in that. and such "for-
eign" universities have in
cluded the we'll known
American University in Leb-
anon. and the universities in
other Arab countries, as well,
as many European and Asian
universities. There are also
foreign" beneficiaries all
over the world from tax
exempt contributions for re-
ligious and charitable pur-
poses as well.
I wouldn't be at all sur
prised if Dorothy Thompson
herself has not at some time
or other made tax-exempt
contributions to foreign"
educational. scientific, reli-
gious. or charitable group.
Besides tax-free private
contributions, the Govern
ment itself has been spend
ing money raised by taxes for
such purposes in foreign"
countries for quite a long
time.
About a year ago Dorothy
Thompson wrote a column
reminding readers that about
1916 she predicted in COL
umn that due to geopolitical
factors the Soviets would
ultimately take over the Mid
die East. She wrote as though
she thought that quite a
clever piece of predicting. but
she doesn't always remember
it, because nationally" if
geopolitics already deter
mined that outcome, how
could she blame faulty State
Department policy if that
should happen? Sorry, I have
difficulty understanding her.
Paul Adams.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-22

that many and perhaps most newspapers
are advocates Of cameras In court"
should not be q controlling considera-
ton. What should be controlling is the
reasonably anticipated effect on judicial
proceedings.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-22
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names nGg be used II
letters carry tDrtters' correct
names and addresses All
letters are subject to conden-
sdtion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-22
Cool to Hot Air

Hot air! That is about all
that circulates these days in
the guiSe of craftsmanship
and news!
Hot air kissing through the
Iron Curtain could be nor
mal-like the dragon Kissing
at st. George. But it is I'M
likely that st. George wasted
time kissing back at him.
To hear the words wasted
on the moon-rocket project,
one would think contact with
the moon had never been at
tempted before. For those
born yesterday, we can relate
that the United States Army
Signal Corps transmitted ra-
dio signals to the moon and
received them back almost 20
years ago. Russians were still
counting on their fingers at
that time.
What does the world-audi-
ence think of two show-offs
who are wasting their pocket
money trying to see which
one can blow hot-air out the
rear-end of a rocket the fast
est and send a fragment of a
rocket the farthest in the
hope Of getting a ep-beep
back from the moon from
which the Signal Corps has
on file plenty of "beeps" for
the last two decades?
Let us, by example, bring
up our boys to be men, and
not windbags and SHOW
offs"-to be sound citizens
and, in their turn, as neces-
Sary, soldiers. There is little
future for them or for us if
they are fed on the idea of
being mountaineering cow
boys. gangsters, or space
cadets.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-22

@. Were there any rail-
roads in England when our
first one (the B&O) was
founded?-G. "
A. There had long been
coal-carrying railways in the
English mining districts.
However, when the Balti-
more IL Ohio was incor-
porated in 1927, a 2-year old
English railroad-the Stock
ton and Darlington-was the
only one in the world which
operated carriages for the
transportation Of passengers.
@. In our national cleo
tions, what Is meant by a "pi-
Votal State"?-R. o.
A. A pivotal State is a
State having a large number
of votes, and one in which
the balance between Demo-
Gratis and Republicans is 30
even that victory often
hinges on q few votes. In .
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-22

closely contested presidential
election the vote of a piv-
otal state may decide the
result. Capturing these States
is therefore vitality impor-
tant to a candidate. Before
the Civil War Pennsylvania
was the chief pivotal State.
but since then New York
has more often decided pres
idential elections.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-22

@. Which grades are in
cluded in secondary" schools
in public school systems?-
M. Med.
A. Ordinarily the term re-
fers to high schools grades
9, 10, II and 12). 1t may.
however, refer to junior and
senior high schools grades z
through l2) in communities
where the first 6 years.
rather than the first 8, are
considered the elementary
grades.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-22
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
By THE HASKIN s

By THE HASKIN SERVICE
to u-ttr,
C Please inelo for - ""HE'n o.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-26
Rector of Rome's
American College
Gets GU Degree

The Most Rev. Martin j.
O'Connor, rector of the North
American College in Rome,
yesterday received an honorary
doctor of laws degree at
Georgetown University.
The university celebrated its
Founders Day convocation. 1t
also honored Representative
Sadlak, Republican Of Connec-
ticut. by awarding him an
honorary doctorate.
Bishop O'Connor was desig-
mated rector of North American
College in 1916 after serving
three years as pastor of st.
Mary's Church in Wilkesbarre.
Pa. In 1854 Pope Plus XII APP
pointed him a consultor of the
Sacred Congregation of Semi
naries.
Both men are graduates of
the university.
Also honored for 20 years of
service to the university were
DR.. Robert j. Coffey, director
of surgery; the Rev. Daniel E.
Power, director Of public rela-
tions, and Miss Doris Sabin,
School of Dentistry.
Honored for part-time serv-
ice for the last 20 years were
Drs. Gerald E. McAteer, James
Stanton and Laun Thompson;
also Prof. William J. Hughes,
jr., Prof. George w. M. Fergu-
son and Edgar L. g. Prochnik.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-26

in his opening speech, said
that, despite all progress in in
dustrial safety, only a fifth of
our young people can be prom
ised an accident-free working
career.
BASED on our 1856 expert
ence," he explained, lone out
of every 100 boys and girls IA
to 10 years who are now enter
ing the labor force will die as
the result of q work injury. Six
will suffer a permanent i'm
pairment, and 10 will expert
ence one or more disabling
work injuries before reaching
retirement"
Ralph J. Cordiner, president
of the General Electric Co.,
told a later session that new
technologieS bring increased
safety. He challenged what he
said was propaganda cultivat-
ing a fear OF attenuation.
He listed the five safest in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-26

member, Senator Mcnamara.
Democrat Of Michigan, told a
reporter he is sticking to his
refusal to sign the report. In
a minority report he denounced
the majority findings, as anti
labor" .
Mcclellan Plans Bill
Senator Mcclellan announced
he would introduce this week
a bill to correct some of the
abuses alleged by the commit
tee. He said his bill would
embrace at least four of the
five fields in which the major
ity report called for new laws,
but that it would be my own
bill" rather than one in behalf
of his committee.
Senator Knowland. Repub-
lican of California. the G. o.
p. minority leader IN the Sem
ate. praised the committee last
night for its constructive and
fortnight approach" in recon-
mending reforms. He noted
that he had introduced legisla-
ton which he said would take
care Of most of the sugges-
ti0nS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-26
Marines Deny Charge
By japanese Pickets

SASEBO, Japan. Mar. rs up.
The All-Japan Dock Workers
Union charged today that 20
armed United States Marines
helped break up a labor DEM
onstration outside the SaSebo
Naval Base March "a. The
union said it would ask the OPP
position Socialists to protest in
Parliament.
The United States Navy de-
MED the charge. 1t said the
stevedores were picketing
against a Japanese contractor
working for the Navy and that
the Marines-only IL Of them
and with unloaded rifles-were
stationed just inside the base
gate in case the demonstrators
tried to get in,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-26

practices the committee has
exposed"
Erwin Defends Report
Mr.. Meany called the report
IAN attempt to smear the trade
union movement"
Senator Erwin, Democrat of
North Carolina. another COM
mittee member. called the re-
port "a fair verdict on the evil
dence presented" He said he
considered Mr.. Meany's blast
surprising because Mr.. Meany
had assisted In the textile
workers case by calling atten-
ton of the committee to facts
in the case"
Senator Mundt, Republican
of South Dakota, said the COM
mittee had leaned over back
ward to emphasize this was no
blanket indictment" Of all
unions. He said he doubted
Mr.. Meany could have read the
report before alleging that evil
dence does not support the
committees charges.
The three Senators spoke in
separate interviews. A fourth
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-26
.Meany'sBIast
JoIts Probers
BY the Associated Press

Senate Rackets Committee
members voiced surprise today
at the smear" charge leveled
by AFL-CIO President George
Meany in the wake of a report
condemning top leaders of five
unions.
Honest. decent unionism
should be appreciative and
grateful for the service the
committee has rendered, rather
than condemning the commit
tee." said Chairman Mcclellan,
Democrat of Arkansas.
IF the labor movement has
been smeared in the course of
these hearings, the smear has
come from those leaders in the
labor movement whose corrup-
ton, rascality and improper