davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29
Deficit of s. Billion

Instead of showing the 5000
million surplus or the relatively
small $400 million deficit which
the President confidently expected
in the last two Januarys, the
budget for the fiscal year now
ending will reveal a deficit of at
least So billion. And even before
all the money is appropriated,
the upcoming budget for 1859
already is shaping up as red ink
document with a deficit of at least
$40 billion-and later estimates
may even run as high as $13
billion, or SIS billion.
There are some obvious reasons
for the wide range between the
earlier estimates and the more
Arm figures which viii be released
soon.
For one thing, administration
advisers for months gave too little
weight to the recession and its
impact on the budget. When the
new budget was submitted last
January Mr.. Eisenhower saw
signs Of recovery within six or
eight weeks, although these signs
still we're not clearly visible six
months later. AS a result Of this
optimism. officials throughout the
administration were constantly
and greatly overestimating the
Governments receipts-whNle at
the same time Understanding
its expenditures.
Apparently. neither was the
alarm over the Sputniks, with
its attendant cries for more
money for education, defense,
etc., taken into proper account.
Then there was the persistent
inflationary spiral moving incon-
sistently upward in the face Of
an otherwise declining economy,
and in the process making more
expensive anything the Govern
ment buys, whether it be red ink
or the services Of salaried EN-
ployes.
The monthly figures that more
accurately chart the course Of
that imitation were released again
last week. The Governments
Consumer Price Index was still
rising, though the latest measure
ment showed the climb 70 be
only slight.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29
WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE

Continued From Page A-25
fullest sense of the word" united
in a North African federation with
Tunisia and Morocco in close ties
to France. Without spelling out
the details of the arrangement,
Mr.. Malraux projected a new era
for North Africa Of mutual pros
perity, internal sovereignty. and
greatly improved standards Of
living.
AS the week ended, reports that
Gen de Gaulle was ready to make
major personnel changes in Al
geria after another quick visit
there were widely accepted in
Paris. The changes. according
to the reports, would remove the
armed forces from participation
in the rebellious committees Of
public safety and disarm polit-
lcally the extremist wing Of the
"colons."
Only one move of the De Gaulle
government last week brought
concern to those who feared die
tatorship. On Wednesday. the
Army Ministry ordered the seizure
and suppression Of two weekly
newspapers: L'Express, organ OF
former Premier Pierre Mended-
France, and France Observateur. a
left-wing but non Communist
journal. Mr.. Malraux let 1t be
known that the issues were seized
without his approval; the Army
Ministry would say only that the
issues were suppressed ''for the
security Of the state" There was
no indication that the suppression
would be permanent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29
Charges Come Fast

Mr.. Hagerty said that Mr..
Adams would not dignity the new
charges with a statement. In
stead, the press secretary spe-
officially denied the Fox testimony
about the house and the cash and
the checks. He noted that the
charges were coming so fast that
Mr.. Adams had to follow them on
the White House ticker.
Even among those who have
been most critical of Mr.. Adams
there was considerable inclination
to view Mr.. Fox accusations with
raised eyebrows. One Of these OBJ
servers wryly remarked that
Jesse James couldn't be con-
victed on such testimony"
1t was. for instance, easy to
nail down one Of the charges
that about the house Mr.. Fox
said Mr. Goldflne bought for Mr..
Adams in Washington.
Since coming to Washington
with the new Eisenhower admin
istration in 1854, Mr.. and Mrs.
Adams have lived in two houses
both rented. Their first year they
lived at 100 c street Sc. Then
they moved to their present adj
dress, 2400 Tilden street NV,
into a house they leased from
Mrs. Harry H. Kerr. still the
owner.
1t no doubt was this kind of
charge which Mr.. Goldfine's at
torneys had in mind when they
pressed their demands that Mr..
Fox be heard in closed session.
They hoped Representative Harris,
chairman of the subcommittee,
would invoke a House rule written
during the heyday OF Senator Joe
Mccarthy. when committee for
ums were being used to destroy
the innosent as well as the guilty.
That rule. Rule XI. Section 1875
tm) ~. reads In part:
IF the committee determines
that evidence or testimony at an
investigating hearing may tend to
defame. degrade. or incriminate
any person. 1t shall receive such
evidence or testimony IN executive
session"
AS a result Of the mounting
criticism against taking Mr.. Fox
testimony in public session, the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29
Defense Bill:
No Repris0Is

At Quantico week ago Defense
Secretary McElroy stirred up a
hornets nest of Congressional
criticism in a manner reminiscent
of former Secretary Wilson's
technique. He attacked the point
of view expressed on the admins
tration's defense reorganization
bill by Admiral Arleigh A. Burke.
and seemed to imply that the adj
mirals future was dubious.
AS Senators, led by Georgia's
Democrat Richard B. Russell.
protested that the generals and
admirals we're being gagged"
Mr.. McElroy assured the lawmak-
ers that the brass would be un-
hampered in their testimony. But
this was not enough for Senator
Russell; he demanded. and finally
got, written assurances from the
Pentagon that no military chief
would suffer reprisals for oppos-
ing the administrations measure.
Retired Gen. Clifton B. Gates,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29

NOnttnueo FROM rage AIS
familiar word that he had nothing
else to say about it.
The statement denied Mr.. Fox
charges ''categorically," said that
the allegations were made largely
in terms of what he alleges
someone else told him." and
called him a completely ire
sponsible witness"
Mr.. Adams denied that he had
ever said to Mr.. Goldfine or any,
one else that he would take care
of"s his affairs with a Federal
agency. He did not, however, deny
that he was present in a local
hotel room with Mr.. Fox and Mr..
Goldfine where Mr.. Fox claims the
take care of me" statement was
made by Mr.. Goldfine.
The statement was read to re-
porters Thursday evening.
The next day Mr.. Fox placed
into the record the charges re-
lating to purchase of Mr.. Adams
home and the cash" paid Mr..
Adams.
The denials then resumed
angry and quick.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29
ny EARL II. vOsS
star stan writer

II isn't every day that staunch
allies like South Korea and the
Philippines, Canada and Mexico
line up solldly against the United
States In . big international con-
ference.
This Is what happened in the
recent Law Of the Sea conference
Of s6 nations at Geneva. however,
and State Department negotiators
are still smarting from the expert
ence. The important gathering
received only passing notice in
this country.
Secretary Of State Dulles legal
adviser, Lotus Becker. and Chief
Delegate Arthur Dean, another
distinguished lawyer. went 10
Geneva expecting 10 find lawyer
group trying TO agree on internal
tional law as established In past
practice. Instead they found q
conference Of politicians. econ
omists and military men. putting
their own interests and sometimes
only their own sentiments In di-
rect opposition to past concepts
OF international law.
The most important matter be-
fore the conference was the proper
breadth Of the territorial sea. At
present the concept Of territorial
sea Is not written into any form
Of international law. The Geneva
attempt to write one failed be-
cause no plan could get a two
thirds majority approval.
The United States favors the
three-mile limit, which 1t adopted
In 1893 and still upholds. The
Soviet Union advocates-and en-
forces-a 12-mile limit. Canada
and Mexico prefer IL miles. too.
Chile, Peru and Ecuador claim a
200-mile limit.
The broader the territorial sea
the less international fishing
ground and the less area for ma
neuver by naval or air forces. Thus
the United States has both econ
omic and security interests at
stake.
The Strait of Gibraltar Is only
ia miles wide. Adoption Of IL
mile limit could conceivably allow
either Spain, Morocco or Britain
to seal OF the Mediterranean sea
and make all ships. commercial or
military. take the long route
around the Cape Of Good Hope.
What is not so generally known,
aircraft would be subject to the
same restrictions. Airspace above
the territorial sea is subject to the
same sovereign control Of the
coastal state as the sea itself.
MilitoTy Aspects
In time Of war the neutrals' ter
ritorial seas would presumably be
Of limits to belligerents. The
Straits Of Malaccas between Indo-
nesia and the Malay Federation
would be another important trade
and naval route affected.
A 12-mile territorial sea would
afford roomier Ravens for Soviet
submarines. American subs and
anti-sub equipment-much Of it
airborne-would not be able to 60
into the area to search for enemy
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29

former commandment Of the Ma
rine Corps, testified Thursday.
and was certainly free Of critic
ism. He repeated and Endorsed
the contention Of other Marine Of
ficers that the Pentagon reorgan-
ization bill would make it possible
for a Defense Secretary to reduce
the Marine Corps to IAN orna-
mental nonentity."
The measure. still before the
Senate Armed Services Committee.
may 60 to the Senate floor this
week.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29
New Form of Latin American Unity
Arises in Puerto Rico's Rebirth

Rican formula: Internal sover-
eighty In association with the
mother country. plus economic
development programs made pos
sihle by the autonomy plus the tar
IN projections Of the association.
Influencing Students
Gov. Munox hopes 10 make the
most Of his big successes for his
little island. At the University OF
Puerto Rico. students from all
over Central and South America
can come TO study nuclear physics
as well as labor leadership. Semi
mars In these and other vital fields
are held regularly. ut the RIO
Piedras and Mayaguez campuses
Of the university, and while the
students learn their speciality,
they can also observe the way
free institutions can operate IN
a nation similar In language and
culture and background 10 their
own.
When they return to Chile or
Costa RIGA or Venezuela-or
wherever their homeland--they
win bear with them the things
they have learned. Since many OF
these young men and women win
be the leaders Of the future in
their countries, the influence Of
Puerto Rico's freedom and prog
ress must be considerable.
"Reappraisal" Of American poll
icy toward Latin America, brought
to the fore by the unhappy expe-
riences Of the Nixon party, has
so far been confined to the Con-
gress and TO individuals. Many Of
flcials here fear "foot-dragging''
In the State Department will lose
a chance for the United States to
make Of all Latin America q loyal
and dependable ally in peace and
war.
Fear Dietotor's Attitude
OF particular concern to Puerto
Rican leaders, and as well to
statesmen in other West Indian
areas, is the "equivocal" attitude
Of the State Department to Latin
American relationships. Contin-
ued tolerance, and even encour-
agement, Of dictatorial regimes,
they warn, means a dangerous
weakening in United States pres
tiee among those elements, grow
ing swiftly, who would like to see
political freedom and economic
progress such as Puerto Rico en-
joys become the rule for all the
West Indies, and Central and
South America.
There are indications that
strong forces in the Eisenhower
administration, with some silent
but eager support among State
Department officials. are pressing
strongly for major alterations in
United States policy toward our
southern neighbors. Vice President
Nixon has spoken with vigor on
the subject several times since his
return to Washington. with con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29
House

HR 1915. Amendments TO the
Atomic Energy Act Of 1854, au-
thorizing the transfer Of atomic
weapons information. Passed 345-
IL
FOR: Harrison and Smith, Democrats Of
Virginia. Broyhill Republican OF Viz
ginia; Landlord. Democrat Of Maryland,
and HYDE. Republican OF Maryland
AGAINST: NONE.
H. Res. 900. An open rule pro-
viding foy debate on an omnibus
farm bill CHR. 1854 that in
cluded six separate commodity
programs and extension of the
farm surplus disposal law and
several milk programs. Rejected
17l-2l4.
FOR: Harrison, Smith and Lankford.
AGAINsTs BFoyhiu and HYDE.
By Conversational ouartsrlyl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29
LAw-of-THE-sEA pARLEY
A Diplomatic Round Fails

lions, 30 q i2-mile limit 10 not
considered necessary.
Island republics like Indonesia
and the Philippines present special
cases. IndoneSia's proclamation
that her territorial sea includes all
her inland waters could seriously
affect trade routes. especially TO
and from Australia and New zea-
land.
The Philippines lie athwart
routes from Indonesia 10 most OF
Asia.
There are basic military and
economic reasons. then. for United
states interest In the law OF the
sea.
Psychological Foetor
But Legal Adviser Becker found
that "there was O minimum OF de-
bate, and even less inclination 10
vote. upon the merits as principles
OF international law of the vari-
Gus specific proposals submitted
for conference approval. The
principle Of freedom Of the seas,
with It's corollary. the three-mile
limit. was established before many
Of the states represented at the
Geneva Conference had gained
their independence. In large
measure, at the conference such
states made no serious effort to
weigh the advantages they might
retain by maintaining the freedom
of the seas as against the disad-
vantages Of an extension Of terri
torial sea. They opposed the
three-mile limit upon the ground
that It had been adopted BY the
major maritime powers before
they had come into existence. For
that reason alone. the pre-exist-
ing rule had to be changed. That
was regarded as progress"
The Voting
The United States went to the
conference seeking q three-mile
limit, but ran into such solid OPP
position that 1t never brought q
resolution TO a vote.
Britain then produced a six
mile limit as a compromise be-
tween the three-mile and l2-mile
advocates. Sweden proposed q
similar six-mfle limit, Neither got
far.
India and Mexico. however, pro-
posed that all states be permitted
to set their own territorial sea
limits between 8 and IL miles out.
The Soviet Union enthusiastically
backed this plan, but 1t failed to
get the necessary two-thirds ma
jority.
Later the United States. In what
State Department officials regard
as supreme effort to reach agree.
ment, abandoned its traditional
three-nnile preference and sug-
gested a six-mile limit on terri.
torial sea with six-mile contiguous
zone for exclusive fishing rights.
This came closest to getting APP
prevail of two-thirds Of the So
delegations. The vote was As for.
80 against. But swing Of seven
votes would have been required to
pass the resolution and present 1t
to parliaments for ratification.
The conference wound up with
out passing any resolution setting
new limits on the breadth Of the
territorial sea. Instead, the United
Nations General Assembly was
asked TO call another conference
later, and individual states we're
urged not to extend their terri
torial sea or fishing claims In the
interim.
That means the frequent clashes
Of American shrimp boats with
Mexican authorities and Of whal-
ers OF the west coast of South
America with Peru and Chile are
likely to recur.
The United States, for its part.
has reverted to its three-mile
limit concept.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29

siderable support from among
Senators and Interested executive
departments.
But Puerto Rican leaders, with
grimly wry humor, like to recall
the remarks broadcast to all the
Caribbean area by the Dominican
Republics radio transmitter after
Mr.. Nixon's experience. The Vice
President, said Dictator Trujillo's
spokesman, must have been re-
ferring to the dictatorship of Gov.
Luis Munoz Marin over the I'M
happy people Of Puerto Rico"
when he called for an end to
dictatorship In Latin America.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29
The Economy:
Stock-Tokinq

Last January when President
Eisenhower submitted his new
budget. contemplating expendi-
lures of $73.9 billion in the fiscal
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29
NEARBY VOTES

Votes of the nearby Maryland
end Virginia Legislators on major
roll calls in Congress last week.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29

subs unless there were firm evi-
dence that the subs had violated
q non-belligerent's territorial sea.
Detection Is difficult II not impos-
sible from afar. however.
A three-mile limit. Of course.
provides much less room for sub
marines 10 maneuver. Dangers to
subs in shallower waters are much
greater.
On the economic side, fishing
interests are mainly involved.
Coastal states with good fishing
of their coasts are logically inter-
ested In q broad territorial sea.
That explains the 200-mile limits
set by some Latin America coun-
tries. the i2-mile limits which
Mexico and Canada prefer, and
President Syngman Rhee's ''Rhee
Line" extending in some cases be-
yond 200 miles from South Korea.
Fishing Gropnds Involved
Other coastal states, however,
do most of their fishing of other
nations coasts. Japan is one we'll
known example. Portugal is an
other. Portuguese fishermen re-
Gently celebrated the 500th ami
versary of fishing in the Grand
Banks Of Canada. Something like
10 per cent of Portugal's protein
comes from fish.
The United States fishing in
dustry does about one-third its
business of other nations coasts.
Since most of the fishing Is done
close to other nations shores,
within the 12-mile limit, impor-
tant American economic interests
were also at stake in the Geneva
deliberations. In its own coastal
waters. America is able TO meet
the competition from other ma
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-13
Editor Criticizes
Secrecy Curtoin
In Government

ATLANTIC CITY. N. j., April
IL GA Southern newspaper
executive sharply criticized to-
day what he termed the sitting
curtain Of secrecy draped over
virtually all operations OF the
Federal Government.
V. M. Newton, jr., managing
editor Of the Tampa Fila. ,
Tribune. told the National
Headl:ners Club:
To-day in Washington. 1t is
sad to relate. our Federal pub
lie servants have developed the
new American philosophy that
Government belongs to them as
their private domain. and that
the American public mind
should be fed only that pre-
digested sknowledge which the
politicians deem proper for the
well-being Of the politicians"
He said this is an arrogant
attitude only a step removed
from the practice in Commu-
mist Russia.
Mr.. Newton. chairman OF the
committee on freedom of infor-
nation Of Sigma Delta Chi
professional journalistic frater-
nifty. and former president OF
the Associated Press Managing
Editors Association. spoke al
the oath annual headliners
award luncheon.
Some % persons and organ
izations, including the Federal
Government. were presented
silver medallions by the club for
journalistic achievement during
1857.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-13
Eisenhower
Colts, Works
On Speech

AUGUSTA. Ga. April IL up.
President Eisenhower played
another round of golf today
after working on the defense
reorganization speech he will
make in Washington next
week.
The President got out on the
Augusta National Golf Club
course after lunch in his cot
tage near the 10th tee. The
weather continued just about
ideal-sun bright and the tenn
perature in the low 70s.
Mr.. Eisenhower few here
from Washington yesterday
afternoon for the week end
and got in Is holes almost i'm
mediately. He announced plans
for 10 more this afternoon and
a final round tomorrow in adj
vance Of flying back to WASH
ington.
The speech will be delivered
in the Capital Thursday at a
luncheon meeting of the Amer
lean Society of Newspaper Edi-
tors and the International Press
Institute.
Entitled "Why we Must Mod
ernize our Defense Establish
ment." the address will be
broadcast coast to coast on
television and radio. The con-
troversial reorganization plan
already has been sent to Con-
greSs. The President told a
news conference last Wednes-
day he doesn't care how nu-
merous or how powerful foes
of the plan are-he intends to
fight for it with every means
at his disposal.
Mr.. Eisenhower then worked
on a round Of routine Govern
ment business before having
lunch and turning to golf.
In Washington Monday
morning he will confer with
Budget Director Maurice H.
STAINS and then meet with the
National Security Council.
In the afternoon he is Sched-
uled to toss out the first base
ball at the seasons opener be-
tween the Washington Sena-
tors and the Boston Red Sox.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-13
Circus Tickets
TOGO on Sale

Ticket sales for the 18th an
nual Shrine Circus at Uline
Arena will start tomorrow at
three locations. General Chair
man Harry Martens. jr.. said.
The three-ring circus. which
will run from April 80 through
May s. benefits the Charities
and Activities Fund OF Almas
Temple. There will be daily
matinee and evening perform
ances at las and 8:l5 pm.
The program features more
than 30 acts.
Mr.. Martens said tickets will
go on sale tomorrow at the
Fairway Sports Store. 1923 G
street NV, and at the Shore
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-13

EICSlQCDL ELoCIliiOWCI Is
scheduled to address the two
organizations at a Joint lunch
con Thursday.
The sessions will be held at
the Hotel Statler.
More than so Of the foreign
editors are expected to reach
National Airport on a charter
flight from Amsterdam at 900
am. today.
They will be the vanguard of
the institute members from IS
nations of Europe and Asia.
Joining them will be about so
American members.
About 500 editors and their
wives are expected to attend
the ASNE meeting which will
run through Saturday. Regis
tration opens Wednesday and
the board OF directors will
meet then.
The International Press In
stitute has headquarters in
Zurich. This will be its first
meeting in this country. The
members arriving today will be
greeted by John P. Harris. edi-
tor and publisher Of the Hutch
tnson tKans.) News Herald, a
member Of the institutes exec
utive board.
The editors in their meet
ings will explore the role of
the press in helping meet the
scientific manpower need. the
job Of reporting news Of the
United States and the ques-
ton Of press self-control.
Among those who will adj
dress the meetings will be DR..
J. Robert Oppenheimer. direc-
tor Of the Institute OF Advance
Study at Princeton: Robert
Marjolin. vice president Of the
European Economic Commu-
nifty. and Walter Reuther,
president Of the United Auto
mobile Workers.
Oscar Pollak. editor-in-c hief