davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-20
BY GODFREY ANDERSON
Associated Press Stan Writer.

PARIS.-For the 25th time since
the war, France is without a gov
eminent to mind her shop-but
the customers will find business
much as usual.
Technically, of course, there is
always a French government in
Office. One set OF ministers does
not hand in its portfolios to the
President until the next one is
ready to accept them.
But the lame-duck ministers are
only caretakers and sometimes
they seldom go near their minis
tries while the political crisis lasts.
Cynics say they are too busy hang
ing around the next possible Pre-
mier and jockeying for better po-
sitions in the new cabinet.
Who, then, really runs France
when there is no government to
govern?
The answer is--the civil serv-
ants. A small band Of top off,
Gals, who stay on the job as the
politicians come and go, really
hold power IN their hands. They
run their departments with pro-
fessional efficiency whether there
is q patron" (boss) behind the
big Empire desk In the minister's
room or not.
In fact, French cabinet minis
tiers have relatively little to do
with the day-to-day running Of
their departments even when they
are there. Their job is rather to
ram departmental legislation
through the balky Parliament.
make weekend speeches through
out the country, eat dinners and
put up a representative front.
Because Of the continuity of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-20

pose a dangerous problem for
West Germany. The Bonn re-
public could not long remain af-
filiated with NATO while it lay
between the Iron Curtain to the
east and a neutralized, non-NATO
France on the west. Participation
by Chancellor Adenauer's govern
ment in Western defense measures
would be at an end. and almost
inevitably West Germany would
be forced TO seek. some accommo-
dation with East Germany and
with the Soviet Union.
Thus the dilemma presented
to American policymakers by
Frances plight is a thorny one.
Outright and unqualified support
for France in her North African
quarrels. now demanded by the
French right wing. would auto
matically and Immediately an
tagonize the entire Arab world,
as we'll as the entire Afro-Asian
bloc, which is OF immense i'm
portance in the United Nations
and in the cold war. But on the
other hand. vigorous American
pressure for a compromise settle
ment Of the Algerian revolt could.
in the present temper Of French
politics. destroy the alliance.
In Washington, there we're in
dlcations last week that the State
DepartmeI1E was about ready to
take a tougher attitude toward the
French. The anti-American tone
of the Gaillard defeat, plus the IN
creasingly dangerous situation in
Algeria and Tunisia, seem to have
strengthened the arguments that
United States pressure should be
applied TO Paris for a negotiated
settlement in North Africa.
In the midst Of the French
crisis. the NATO Council met at
Paris last week to recommend Cd
a NATO ground force in Western
Europe nearly double the present
strength. and % immediate
establishment Of bases in NATO
countries for intermediate range
ballistic missiles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-20

tional Press Institute secuted
such fears as misrepresentation
and nonsense" He commended
that national defense and security,
now so expensive as TO be de
plorable," must be reorganized in
the interests Of safety and SOL
vency."
Mr., Eisenhower dismissed fears
OF military dictatorship and a
garrison state. We cannot have
effective defense, he warned, by
overwhelming sentimental at
tachments to outmoded military
machines and concepts" The
waging OF war by separate ground.
sea and air forces was gone for
ever" he told the editors.
Soon after the Presidents speech,
"a Republican Senators pledged
their support. But a quick survey
OF congressional sentiment indi-
Gated that the President faces a
fierce fight in both houses. Most
lawmakers expressed belief that
large parts Of the administration
proposals would be approved. how
ever, with at least a modest
strengthening of the powers Of
the Defense Secretary and a clari-
f1cation Of the role Of the Joint
Chiefs of staff.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-20
Presidential Moves

Last Tuesday President Eisen-
hover vetoed a SIT billion rivers
and harbors spending bill, which
had been promoted as an anti
recession measure. He explained
that 1t could hardly be called anti
receSsionary, since it would not
create new jobs for many months.
And on Wednesday, with "Seri-
Gus misgivings." he signed the
bill speeding highway construc-
ton.
Unless the recession lasts into
1859. the highway building speed
UP will not be a great direct help
to the economy. A principal item
in the bill is $400 million worth
of work that must be contracted
for by December. 1858. and COM
pleted by December. 1859,
One of the Presidents serious
misgivings" about the bill was the
method Of apportioning this $400
million. Ordinarily. Uncle Sam
pays half Of the costs Of primary,
secondary and urban roads in Fnd-
eral highway building outside the
big interstate system. The Fed
eral share is divided so that
IS per cent of the funds going
to a State must be spent on
primary roads. 30 per cent on
secondary roads and rs per cent
on urban roads. Under the new
bill, however, the Federal Gov
eminent will pay two-thirds OF
the cost. which may be used on
any class road at the States dis
cretion.
The rivers and harbors bill had
been presented as an anti-recession
measure in Congress. But in
truth, it was largely an old-fash-
Toned pork barrel. Many Of the
larger projects in the bill are not
yet even in the planning stage
and so offered no early benefit to
the economy, as Mr.. Eisenhower
noted.
At his news conference We'd
nesday. the President again spoke
out firmly against tax relief and
the spending of billions and bill
lions for building up some ire
mendous structure" that would
not actually improve the state
Of the economy.
On Democratic proposals for
vast public works spending, the
President had this to say:
a.. ! think thot you hove TO be
very, very careful about proposing greet
public works. things os-os omit
recession measures and then remember
ing thot IL you have all Of these greet
measures coming to the peck Of thsir
expenditure curves all OF the some time,
what this country will need to oppro-
priote ond toke out Of the private
pocketbook to poy for these things is
going to be very greet indeed. Let's
Try TO be reasonable"
Last week. in testimony before
a Senate committee. the admin
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-20

ants, they usually remain on the
job for several years at a time
considerably longer than any
French government.
Financial Teom
Four men split the RESPONSE
bility for finances-Pierre Schweit-
ger, 45-~a nephew Of the famed
DR.. Albert Schweitzer-Director Of
the Treasury; Gilbert Devaux, 81,
Director Of the Budget; Wilfrid
Baumgartner, SIS, Governor Of the
Bank Of Franc and Martial
Simon. Director Of Public Account
ing. Under them they have rep
resentativeS Of the elite French
corps of Inspectors DIES FL
nsnces."
Francis Perrin, Sc, High Com
missioner for Atomic Energy, sees
to 1t that the nations scientific
work goes ahead.
Herbert Luethy, a Swiss his
torian who has been making a
hrst-hand study Of French political
crises,summed 1t all up this way
In a book, France Against Her
self"
1T can be said, paradoxically
enough, that in France politics
and the state machine function in
two watertight compartments"
The brief life Of French gov
ernments, he suggests, counts for
little compared with the absolute
permanence Of this state machine.
when the crowned heads fell.
the real sovereignty was trans
ferred to this apparatus. But it
works in the background, unob-
trusively, anonymously, remote
from all publicity and almost in
secret; a monarch, a monarchy
whose only surviving driving prin-
ciple is routine"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-20

legislation. The Republicans man.
aged-in the absence OF Ma
Jority Leader Johnson-to delay
until after Easter consideration Of
the Democratic bill to increase
loan funds for community facili-
ties from 500 million to 81 billion.
1T was, however. passed in the
Senate last week.
Shortly after Congress return
to the Capital. came the unem-
ployment figures for March. They
indicated only a slight worsening
Of the overall picture. And they
made the administration more
comfortable in its "go-slow" posi-
ton,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-20

istration came out against still
another Democratic measure-the
proposal to spend S5l2 million
for airport construction and i'm
provement.
Since there was virtually no
hope that the Democrats could
induce both houses to provide the
necessary two-thirds vote for
overriding the Presidents earlier
veto Of a bill freezing farm price
supports. and only a slim chance
that the rivers and harbors bill
veto could be overturned, the
Democrats had to decide whether
to trim sails or forge full speed
ahead
In the Senate Lyndon john
sons decision apparently was to
Jorge ahead. The TWO EisennoWtr
veto messages were sent to the
committee where the affected bills
originated for study" The move
obviously was the first in an at
tempt to override the vetoeS.
Before the week ended. House
Democrats already had racked up
one victory. The Ways and Means
Committee adopted the Demo-
cratic version of an unemploy-
ment relief extension plana which
would cost Sis billion-almost
twice as much as Mr.. Eisenhower's
plan. The vote came almost at the
same time the Labor Department
released figures indicating that
unemployment is still moving up
ward. The figures showed that the
number Of workers drawing job
less compensation benefits rose by
37,803 in the week ended April S.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-20
Frances Civil Servants Garry On in Crisis

higher, but the exact amount is
secret.
Under their direction the state
bills are settled, schools and hos
pitfalls function. trains keep run
ming, television and radio pro-
grams go on, the veterans pen
sion still gets paid. Tax collection
is neither more nor less efficient
than when a government is there.
The Key Men
Here are some Of the key men
who are keeping the wheels turn
ing in the present crisis brought
on by the fall of the Gaillard cab
met:
Louis JOKE, Sc, a small white
haired man with bright eyes and
a friendly manner. holds the top
diplomatic post as secretary-gen-
eral Of the Foreign Ministry. He
speaks English and German, has
served as French Ambassador in
Moscow and Bonn.
Jean Verdier, So, till, hearty
and smiling, is the top security
man in France. AS director-gen-
eral Of the Surete Rationale, he
bosses all police and intelligence
services from his Offices in the
Ministry Of Interior. He is aided
in Paris by the Project of Police.
in the provinces by projects local
governors) and gendarmerie gen.
erals.
Continuity at the National De-
Tense Ministry is assured by the
armed forces chiefs OF staff, work.
ing with civilian department
heads. Gen. Paul Ely. so. small.
pale-faced, austere. is present
head Of the Joint chiefs of staff.
Although these military officers
do not hold their posts per-
manently like the top civil sery-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-20

talks with Tunisia toward settling
the issues that have disrupted
diplomatic relations since the
French bombing ten weeks ago
OF a TuniSian village. Announce
ment of that decision set of a
roar OF denunciation from the
right-wing. and an echoing pro-
test from the moderate. center
parties which have been the chief
but shaky support for Mr.. Gail
lard.
France is in the midst OF re-
gional election campaigns. and
the emotional appeal OF algeria
is French" has had wide atten-
ton from candidates Of varying
political affiliations. Since the
quarrel with Tunisia is basically
over Tunisian aid to Algerian reb-
els. the always-flerce rightist de-
tenders Of colonial empire found
this time strong allies from the
center and even left-of-center
parties.
The reckoning came Tuesday,
when shouting deputies lined up
many deep to berate American
interference" and to charge be
Uayal" Of France by her allies.
The vote was a Shattering 32l to
255. Mr.. Gaillard resigned. and
France is without a government
at a critical period.
The fall of the Gaillard cabinet,
in office only five months. brought
renewed fears for the future of
French democracy.
Each time a French cabinet
falls, talk Of a return to power of
General Charles de Gaulle begins.
Disbursement at the tenuous
grip held by any Premier. plus a
yearning for strong hand at the
wheel. leads many Frenchmen-
and many foreigners-toward the
man on horseback" Perhaps
significantly, the loudest voice
raised against Mr.. Gaillard in the
Assembly was that Of Jacques
Soustelle. de Gaullist and former
Governor Of Algeria.
Gen. de Gaulle remained in the
background last week. but his
followers spelled out his terms
if he should be called upon to
form a cabinet. They are harsh:
Suspension Of constitutional proc
eSses, dictatorial powers.
President Rene Coty may call
upon Mr.. Soustelle to attempt TO
form cabinet, in the belief that
he will fail and thus remove for
the time being the danger Of a
rightist coup favoring de Gaulle.
The other choices for Mr.. Coty are
familiar names: Guy Mollet,
leader Of the powerful Socialists:
Antoine Pinay. moderate rightiSt:
Pierre Mendes-France. rentrist
Radical Socialist; George Bidault,
former Premiers.
None Of these yesterday appeared
likely TO succeed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-20

given fail safe point, II they
have not received by radio "un-
equivocal orders (to proceed 10
targeD which can come only
from the President OF the United
States" The fail safe" point,
American officials insisted, Is far
from the borders OF Soviet or sat
elite territory.
The Vests defenseS, the State
Department stressed, were based
on fear OF a surprise attack-a
fear that could be resolved, the
statement said, II the Soviet
Union would accept American
proposals for mutual inspection
and controls. Since a missile
launched In the Soviet Union
would take only 80 minutes TO
reach its target in the United
States. SAC bases cannot wait
on the ground until a radar blip
is identified. officials said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-20

Announcing that Moscow was
asking the U. N. Security Council
TO take up the charge. Mr.. Gro
myko warned that meteorites and
electronic disturbances, causing
blips on American radar screens.
could set of a nuclear holocaust
by mistake.
Mr.. Gromyko laid most of the
blame for what he called dan
gerous provocation" at the door
Of military leaders. What will
happen II these generals whose
nerves. as shown by the facts.
frequently play them false. do not
realize in time that the meteor
they see is not a guided missile?"
The situation was too danger
Gus. he declared. to be tolerated
by the peoples of the world. in
Guiding the Americans themselves.
The charges will be taken up
Monday ct the United Nations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-20
And Some Action

But all was not advice. From
the Federal Reserve Board there
came action that was generally
hailed by the business community
as stimulating.
The board on Thursday stimuli
taneously cut the rate 1t charges
on money borrowed by member
banks from the Federal Reserve
System and reduced the reserve re.
quirements of its New York and
Chicago banks. Similar action is
expected soon in other districts,
The board said that the action
would add about $2.7 billion to
the funds available for loans and
investments.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-20
BUSINESS AS USUAL

purpose provided by the perma-
nent officials and the fact that
roughly the same figures come
back again and again as ministers
despite all the frantic shutting
OF cabinets. French policy seldom
reflects the nations basic political
instability. This is particularly so
in foreign affairs.
During the period in which
France .has had 20 Premiers, she
has only had five Foreign Min
isters-Robert Schuman. Georges
Bidault, Antoine Pinay, Pierre
Mendes France and Christian
Pineau. All except Mr.. Pineau
have had their turn as Premier,
too.
But, though the routine work
goes on without any break, the
initiative on important questions
is often paralyzed. Dossiers in
volving big decisions get thrown
on the pile on that Empire desk.
They're the Experts
The men who stay on and really
run France are among the top
brains Of the country. Somber-
suited, often elegant, sporting the
red ribbon or rosette of the Legion
Of Honor in their lapel, they are
often graduates Of the states top
polytechnique school and expert
technicians in their fields.
These men may get salaries up
to 100000 francs ($833) monthly
plus bonuses Of 100000 francs
($238) monthly and unspecified
expense accounts. The bonuses
paid to the director Of the Bank
of France and the heads of the
nationalized undertakings (coal
mines, railroads, tobacco mo-
nopoly, public utilities, etc. are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-20
The Cold War;:
New Charge

Moscow tossed another propa-
ganda bomb at the United States
Friday when Foreign Minister
Gromyko called newSmen to
special press conference Friday
and charged that planes Of the
Strategic Air Command, fully
armed with hydrogen bombs. were
frequently flying toward 0he bor-
ders of the Soviet Union"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-20


come firmly established. His zeal
for his revolutionary government
led him into indiScretions resulting
in his recall at George Washing
tons demand and very nearly
brought war.
Another serious strain occurred
when Abraham Lincoln, beset by
civil war. encountered the in
trigues OF Napoleon III in Mexico.
Openly sympathetic to the Con-
federacy. the Emperor ignored the
Monroe Doctrine apd established
the Emperor Macmillan in Mex
leo City II was not until the
veterans Of the Union Army in
1865 moved him to a second
thought that he withdrew from
Mexico. leaving Macmillan to a
firing squad.
Although recent years have
seen France firmly established as
a member of the Big Three West
ern alliance and a cornerstone OF
the North Atlantic Treaty Organ
ization. the Vests military arm,
the basic Franco-American friend
ship has been spiced with ten
Sions.
No longer a great power, France
has experienced since l945 almost
constant internal political confu-
sion and q steady disintegration
Of her once-mighty colonial en-
pire. Illustrations have followed
Illustrations. and many of them.
in the French mind, have been at
least partially the fault of Uncle
Sam.
Despite Washington's efforts to
avoid sntagonizing Paris. the
American role in the develop
ments leading to independence for
Morocco and Tunisia was resented
by French nationaliSts.
The debacle of Indo-C China. i'm
mensely costly to France, further
strained the harmony between
Paris and Washington. The
French seemed to feel that the
United States. after actively en-
couraging French efforts to quell
the Indo-China rebellion OF Ho
Chi Mini. failed TO support them
when the last chips were down at
Diem Bien Phu. Having thus made
inevitable a French equalization
tthe French thesis goes the
United States then scolded Paris
for coming to an agreement with
the Communists in 1854 and &C
cepting. partition of Wet Nam.
In 1856 French anger flared
anew when the United States re-
fused to sanction the French
British-Israeli invasion of Egypt.
For a time 1t seemed that the
Western alliance was in danger
of collapse after the United
States, acting in concert with the
Soviet Union. demanded through
the United Nations that the in
vaders depart.
Now once again there are bitter
words in the streets and bistros of
Paris and in the halls of the
National Assembly. Frustration
over Algeria, where for four
years Arab nationalist have been
in rebellion against French rule.
last week brought the downfall Of
Premier Felix Gaillard's mod
crate government and the most
intense expressions of anti-Amer-
lean feeling heard since the end
of World War II.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-20
A Crucial Letter

The spark for the explosion in
the National Assembly that blew
Mr.. Gaillard's cabinet-25th since
l945-out Of Office was a letter
from President Eisenhower TO Mr..
Gaillard. In the letter, Mr.. Eisen-
hover urged France to accept a
United States-British good Of
fees" plan to ease the strained
relations between France and her
former protectorate of Tunisia.
The Gaillard cabinet did accept,
and promised to resume direct
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-20
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
A Crisis for France-And the West

Louis XVI OF the absolute monarchS rule France
his nations dwndng but potent into the
American struggle for independence in 7 he established ira
don OF friendship That tradition endured
although severely strained at times
Citizen first French Ambassador to be accredited to the
United States nearly the tradition before had time
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-20
Plentiful Advice

The Government was not with
out plenty of advice last week on
how to deal with the worst recess
sion since World War II.
Former President Truman. lead
of witness at the House Banking
Evening star., 1958-01-27
ADVERTISEMENT
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Evening star., 1958-01-27
FAMOUS FABLES

PROGRESS: Some years ago
when ne was the British Am
bassador TO the United States,
Sir Oliver Franks attended a
Washington conference on
Anglo American cooperation.
When he emerged from the
conference room reporters
asked him II an understanding
had been reached.
mot yet" said the Ambas-
sador.
HAS any progress been
made?"
"Oh yes. we are making prog
ress." replied Sir Oliver. I'VE
spent the morning discussing
the differences that exist be-
tween us on the points OF
agreement"
OFFER: Movie pioneer Carl
Laemmle was q shrewd trader
who always haggled before
buying. On one occasion, he
received q wire from a literary
agent asking $4,000 for a
new novel.
Offer him $1,000" Laem-
Evening star., 1958-01-27

have to 90 to school 10 learn tc
speak again.
This surgeon gave us q bool
entitled You Can Speak
Again We read the instruc-
tons carefully. Two weeks aftel
coming home from the hospl'
tai We were having coffee and
reading the morning paper
when / asked him a question
that required yes or no for an
answer and he looked at me
and said yes
Il became so excited that
jumped up and down clappine
my hands. 1t was the most
wonderful thing that ever hap
pened to me and he was just as
surprised and elated as I was.
Since then he has made
wonderful progress and Is
speaking more clearly every
day.
His breathing is through
his throat and he can never
breathe through the nose or
the mouth again: but all In all
! am just plain thrilled and
happy to be his wife and part
ner.
In conclusion. anyone hav-
Ing a constant hoarseness or a
hoarsness that comes and goes
l hope you well benefit by our
experience. Don't put 1t of
See q throat specialist. II may
save your life.-Mrs. B. B."
There you have II. A timely
letter from a wonderful lady. q
hope MIR. B. B. realizes how for
tunate he has been--during his
trials and tribulations-to have
such q marriage partner
To repeat what deserves
constant reiteration: Persistine
hoarseness Is like q red fare
that warns Of danger. Your
job is to see a throat specialist
as soon as he can see you. Any
hoarseness that fingers or
should be considered guilty un-
Ill proven innocent.
released By The Bell Syndicate. Inc.
Tomorrow: Beneiin Of Florida eli.
mote Tor heert posieat ore DISCUSSED