davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona sun., 1958-03-20
Do Nothing Policy In Little Rock
Cited To Army Chief By wilkins
Report Shows ~ Incidents
Occurred, Whites Aggressors

(out of an enrolment of about
10000 were the aggressors. Al
lowing for the Christmas re-
cess" he pointed out, this
means that in a span of 80
school days, AZ incidents took
place."
The reported "do-nothing' Or
der, Mr.. wilkins told Secretary
Brucker, may. explain the re-
peated shovings, beatings, kick
ing, and tripping of the Negro
students. Also the disturbanc-
es of their lockers, knocking
books out of their hands, throw
ing ink, splitting and dumpinS,
food upon them. The failure OF
the soldiers who must have OBJ
served many of these happen
ings to act upon them or even to
report them, with names, to the
school authorities undoubtedly
contributed to the shameful ex-
pulsion of Minnijean Brown on
Feb. IT,"
The federal court order, Mr..
wilkins asserted, contemplated
not merely the bare admission OF
Negro students, physically, to
the premises of Central High
School, but also the protection
of their declared right to an ed
ucation without segregation as
to race"
Arizona sun., 1958-03-20

NEW YORK, March II - In
formation that soldiers assigned
10 Central High School in Little
Rock "are said to be operating
'lnder orders to do NOTHING in
base of a disturbance except to
observe it," is characterized as
astonishing" by Roy wilkins,
FAACP executive secretary, in a
etter to Wilbur M. Brucker,
ecretary of the Army.
In his letter, dated March IA,
nd released today, Mr.. Wilkins
ecounted the continuing har-
ssments to which Negro stu
tents attending Central High
school have been subjected "by
small core of resisters among
he white students" and ex-
|re.Ssed the opinion that the
uty of the troops extends to
he halting of overt acts which
ave the effect of vitiating" the
sders of a federal district court
s desegregate the school "in
omplance with the United
tateS Supreme Court decisions
May IT, 1854 and May 81,
p55."
The NAACP leader cited a re-
ort from Little Rock indicating
that from Oct. 2, 1857 through
eb. 6, 1858, AZ incidents occur
ed in which 80 white students
Arizona sun., 1958-03-20

The editor Of the largest news
hper in the world said in At
|nta, Ca, recently that Ameri-
] must end racial diScrimina-
|Dn if it is to halt a peace Of
EnSive" launched by Russia IN
6ia.
Zenichiro Watanabe, editor OF
he Mainichi Press in Tokyo,
lpan, said the Russians are
wing to make friends with the
kMtics who are wondering why
nerica does not practice what
breaches in the area OF hu-
IN relations.
He explained that the race
oblem here constitutes a Seri-
s threat to Americas foreign
licy and that there is always
e fear that Russia may win
reign countries to Commun-
h.
He said whites, as well as Ne
pes, would profit if racial dis
lhination were ended. Mr..
htanabe reserved his impress
ms on the race problem be-.
use he said he had not been
contact with the situation
hg enough and because he has
t heard both sides OF the
bblem."
He did say, however, that he
ieved the Negro is taking the
ht step through civil rights
d other measures for equall-
He stated that discrimina-
n is almost non-exiStant in
oan, and it is difficult for a
panese to have any idea o1
e scope of the problem.
Arizona sun., 1958-03-20
japanese Editor Sees Bias AS
A Threat To US Foreign Policy

Mr.. Watanabe was particular
ly impressed by the Norris
Brown College choir and said
he hoped the group would be
able to someday sing in Japan
and other countries.
He said on his American tour
sponsored by the U. S. Depart
ment of State, he is making
general observations with par
ticular interest in the tax prob
lem, juvenile delinquency and
the race problem. He is expect
ed to depart for Japan on
March is. He was accompanied
to Atlanta by Manabu F'ukuda,
a State Department interpreter.
The newspaper which ne ed
it's has a circulation of five mil
lion copies daily an dis conSid-
cred the largest in the world.
Published in Tokyo, now the
largest city in the World, The
Mainichi Press provides nation
al coverage of Japan.
Arizona sun., 1958-03-20
HeI6/ Me 'se Dxtsg/

Valley of the Sun dying
need larger circulation list Last week
with the field,
about the possibility going back to eight Cor more and
less than 1000 paid subscription list
1000 the
stands They cod fig
willing cold hard cash in advr
tsing campaign.
of at least three JUST
will built the mail
interested in having coming
OF radio TWO and other keep in
formed do they of the current struggle your behalf
We nOtin n advertising ITSELF
continue the entitled to have
from WITH friends sell
neghbOrS their
them and clay it On!"
Lei VOICE OF THE NEGRO in the state be-
come whisper planning massive campaign get
details
watch details this
Youngsters will be this promise
a Voice."
Editor
Arizona sun., 1958-03-20
Rites Held For Phoenix Butcher

Rosary was recited Sunday in
Ragsdale Chapel in the Valley
for Curtis Evans, 1918 E. Super
ior, a butcher, who died last
week in a local hospital. Req
uiem high mass was sung Mon
day morning at ST. Mary's
Church. Burial was in st. Fran
els Cemetery.
Mr.. Evans, born in New Or
leans, La, came to the valley
from Chicago, % years ago. He
took job as butcher at Tow
rea'S Packing Company which
later became the Cudahy Com
pany where he served as head
butcher for many years. He was
a member of Butchers and Meat
Cutters Union, No. 448.
Surviving are two sisters and
four brothers, all out of state.
Arizona sun., 1958-03-20
Famous Singer Honored At
Reception By AKA Sorority

sales; Mrs. Beatrice Grevenberg,
Delta Theta Sorority; Mrs. Mar
garet Reeder, Zeta Phi Beta So
rority; and Mrs. Bernice Boy
kins, Sigma Gamma Rho 'Soror-
ity. AZ
Presidingat the beautiful sill
yer tea service were Mines Mary
Frances Williams, Geraldine
Solomon, Clara Moore and Mar
garet Crawford. Table ,decora-
tionS were an artistic arrange
ment of pink and white gladioli,
ivy and fern tied with pink tulle.
The success of the AKA'S ef-
forts at helping to present Miss
Price to a large audience of mu-
sic lovers, as a charity project
to raise funds for the Memorial
Hospital Building Campaign,
was due to the very fine cooper
alton given by all members of
the sorority. Musical Phoenix
and Memorial Hospital could
profit by more such fine efforts.
Arizona sun., 1958-03-20
CONDEMNS ANTI-NAACP LAW

DALLAS The Tex
as Council of Churches mas
adopted a resolution denounc-
ing as "unjustified, unnecessary
and undemocratic,' the recent
ly enacted Texas law requiring
branches of the National ASSo-
ciation for the Advancement OF
Colored People to register their
lists of members with county
Judges. The resolution was ap-
proved at a meeting of the
Council, composed of several
Protestant denominations, here
on March IL.
Arizona sun., 1958-03-20

Monday evening in the warm
and friendly atmosphere of the
new lounge at Memorial Hos
pital, the Alpha Kappa Alpha
Sorors received friends and ad-
mirerS of the internationally
acclaimed soprano, Leontyne
Price.
More than one hundred fifty
admirers gathered to honor Miss
Price, following her concert at
Phoenix Union High School
Auditorium which Republic and
Gazette music critic, AnSon
Cults described as IAN artistic
triumph"
In the receiving line were:
Mrs. Louise Phillips, Basileus;
Mrs. Archer Linde, local lmpre-
sario, Miss Price, Mrs. Irma
Bowen, social chairman; Mrs.
Maude Dunno, courtesy chair
man; Mrs. Alice Marriotte, con-
cert chairman; Mrs. H e ! e n
Swindall, chairman Of ticket
Arizona sun., 1958-03-20

JACKSON, Miss, March 6 =
The official newspaper of the
White Citizens Councils of
America now admits in it's Feb
ruary issue that Southern Ne
groeS do want integration "and
the various issues that go with
it,"
Southern thinking has made
an error in thinking that Ne
groes don't really want integra-
ton and will do nothing to aid
in it's attainment the paper de-
clareS in a special article. This
is a false conception" it says,
because "there is substantial
Arizona sun., 1958-03-20
Citizens Council Paper Now Admits Negroes
OF The South Wants lntegration

evidence to show that the ma
jority of Southern Negroes want
integration."
every Gallup poll since Black
Monday, and interviews with
Southern Negroes published in
many responsible journals since
that time, indicate that in fact
the Southern Negroes do want
integration," according to the
writer.
The article also reports, "The
NAACP and other Negro groups
are girding themselves for the
fight for the ballot, which is
loaded with political dynamite
for the South"
The writer of the article bor-
rows the NAACP slogan Fight
for Freedom" and applies it to
the Southern White Council
campaign by saying Southern
erS are coming better to under
stand (their errors) as the fight
for freedom unfolds itself"
Arizona sun., 1958-03-20

The average 81 CARE package
being sent overseas during
CARES 1957-58 Food Crusade
owes 68 percent of it's protein
value to the cheese and milk
powder contained in the pack
age.
Arizona sun., 1958-03-20

with . goa; Of $1,000 Re-.
J. Raymond Henderson. pastor
Of the Lcs AngalsG Second
Baptist Church. plans o aaticn-
wide tour Of churches 70 raise
money for the NAACP's
Golden Anniversary 10 1861.
His own church has agreed to
raise $4,000 90 the initial
contribution % this church
drive for tha Fight Scr Free
dom.
The people's voice., 1958-11-14
Montana's Highway Prob|em--

I cost of constructing highways for We
hicles of various sizes and weights
and allocated the costs of those high
ways back to the vehicle types accom-
modated.
Tax equity is a fundamental prin
ciple in this country and most high
way users like to think of charges fol
highway use as providing equal
charges for everyone in relation to
the amount of road use received. Prob.
ably most passenger car owners think
of the gas tax as providing this type
of equality, which it does so long as
only passenger cars are involved.
However, the gas tax does not provide
for this equality between the normal
passenger car and the larger trucks.
1t can be pointed out that the nor
NAL passenger car weighs about two
tons, and gets about Is miles for
each gallon as gas used. This vehicle
then gets 30 ton-miles of highway
use for each gallon of gas. Since
each gallon of gas requires the g.
cent gas tax to the State of Mon
tana, the passenger car vehicle can
be said to get 80 ton-miles for 6
cents. On the other hand, 80 ton
tractor truck and trailer gets about
miles of highway use for each
gallon of gas, but with this gallon
they may carry 80 tons miles,
and thereby get 12S ton-miles of
road use for cents tax. So, while
the passenger car gets 80 ton-miles,
the large truck gets 1913 ton-miles
highway use for exactly the same
fee.
The report of the committee de-
votes a considerable section to the de-
of vehicle miles and ton
miles of operation of various vehicles.
It is clear from this presentation that
5he ton-miles of operation by larger
vehicles are far out of proportion to
he vehicle miles of operation of the
same carriers.
The people's voice., 1958-11-14

mercial vehicle taxation on consumer
prices. This study was made by the
Bureau of Business and Economic Re-
search, Montana State University,
and published as Regional Study No.
.6.
This study provides graphic IL
lustration of fact known to any
serious student of the problem that
the possible effect of increases in
state taxes on commercial vehicles
on consumer prices would be negli-
gible.
The study points out, for example,
that the most heavily affected among
selected list of grocery items would
be potatoes, where the possible in
crease, under certain conditions of
transport, would be about one cent
per hundred pounds of potatoes retail
ing for $4.0O to $500. On furniture
an increase of about ten cents on a
$4,000 purchase might be realized
from this tax increase.
The reason for the small effect of
iHCIedSSS oii COhouiiSI PilSSS 10 hiSlSiy
the fact that highway taxes are rela-
lively small proportion of the total
operating cost of vehicles and tax
increase is accordingly still smaller
part. This study makes the observa-
ton that any of the increases would
be lost, both in magnitude and trace
ability, in the liberal cost of doing
and, except for few specific
items, would be impossible to realis-
5ically pass on to the consumer.
The people's voice., 1958-11-14

called weight-distance taxes.
In Montana the supplemental
charge is collected in the form of an
annual fee which varies with the
weight of the vehicle. For example, a
commercial vehicle of 10000 pounds
now pays an annual fee of $1,000 per
year, plus its legal license fee and
fuel tax. A vehicle of $4,000 pounds
gross weight pays $210 per year and
a combination truck and trailer of
10000 pounds pays $4,000. These
fees are paid regardless of the amount
of travel Of these various vehicles,
so that the low-mileage vehicle pays
proportionately more per mile of use
than the high-mileage vehicle.
Also, because of a popularity of the
rate structure, a combination truck
and trailer of $4,000 pounds pays only
$105.00, whereas a single unit truck
of the same weight pays $435.0O. The
report points out that due to opera
tional differences, it is more than
likely that the combination unit of
truck and trailer will travel more
miles in a year than the higher fee
single unit truck.
The people's voice., 1958-11-14
The Proposed Highway
Use Tax

1t has been proposed for several
years that Montana should have a
weight distance tax for commercial
vehicles which is related directly to
highway use. 1t is pointed out that
such tax is graduated mileage tax
with rates per mile increasing as the
weight of the vehicle increases. The
report suggests that such highway
use tax could be developed in Mon
tana with annual charges, only, being
made for vehicles up to $4,000 pounds
and vehicles over that weight paying
a mileage tax in accordance with their
weight.
Under this schedule a vehicle
paying Montana fuel tax and weigh
ing $4,000 pounds would pay about
one cent for each mile of travel in
the state. A vehicle of $4,000
pounds would pay about three
cents.
Vehicles burning diesel fuel would
be excused from paying fuel tax and
would accordingly pay at higher
rate. A 80, ,00O-pound diesel would pay
two cents per mile, a 42,000-pound
diesel would pay about three cents
per mile of travel, and 78,00O-pound
The people's voice., 1958-11-14
MONTANA HAS BEEN EASY
ON TRUCKS

The staff of the committee pointed
out that this comparison was restrict
ed to the eleven states of California,
Colorado, Illinois, Louisiana, Mime
sofa, New York, Ohio, Utah, Wash
ington, Idaho and Oregon. These
states were included in a similar study
prepared by the U. S. Bureau of Pub
lie Roads and released in publication
of October, 1856. The eleven states
were chosen because they are states
which have recently studied their
highway taxation problems and ap-
parently arrived at realistic tax struc-
lures. The fact that the Montana rates
are below the maximum of rates in
these states is interesting because of
the limited use of the expensive facili-
ties required in this state. This result
would indicate that Montana has ap-
preached the problem of taxation of
large commercial vehicles in a con-
servative manner.
The people's voice., 1958-11-14
PRESENT TRUCK RATES WAY
BELOW AVERAGE

The fact finding committee staff
prepared a special report which pro-
vided an interesting comparison of
the existing and proposed Montana
truck fee schedules with those now in
existence in eleven other states of
the country, which have made com
prehensive highway cost studies. This
comparison showed that Montana s
present rates are substantially below
the median Ga median value would be
the middle state when the rates are
listed in order of size.)
In list of eleven states, this would
mean that there would be five states
above the median and five states be-
low, of rates charged in these particu-
lar states for vehicles in the upper
weight groups. 1t shows further that
the rates proposed fall very near to
the median of the rates charged in
these other states and do not approach
the maximum in any weight category.
This is a very important point
since it is obvious that trucks con-
tinue to operate effectively in all
of the states considered even
though the rates being paid in some
are substantially higher than those
now proposed in Montana.
The comparison of rates in the
other states studied is shown graphic
ally in the accompanying illustration.
1t should be noted that the compari-
son with Montana rates is made to the
median of the eleven states studied
and not to the maximum, which is
above the median in all
cases. Comparison has been made on
the basis of indices in which a pas
senger car equals one. This type of |
is necessary because of
The variation in taxation charges to |
cars in the several states.
The upper part of the graph shows
he result of rates in effect during |
he year 1856 on vehicles of specific
weight groups of 1000 pounds to
1900 pounds. The lower part of the
graph shows a comparison for the
same vehicles under the rates pro-
posed in the fact finding committee
tudy.
The people's voice., 1958-11-14
Motor Vehicle Departmer
Was Proposed

A highway use tax can be admins
tered by any properly staffed state
department. However, the fact finding
committee recognized that in order to
have the most efficient operation of
such a tax, the establishment of a
motor vehicle department would be
desirable.
Even if Montana were not to have
a highway use tax, the establishment
of a motor vehicle department would
undoubtedly provide more co-ordi-
mated services for the motoring pub
lie. more efficient and effective tax
collection for the state, and probably
safer movement on the highways.
The committees report to the Gov
ernor and the members of the Legis-
lature pointed out that the functions
of the state government concerned
with licensing, control and taxation
of motor vehicles in Montana are as
signed to several departments. These
departments include the Registrar,
under the Warden of the State Pris-
on who licenses vehicles; the State
Highway Department, which admins
ters the Gross Vehicle Weight tax on
trucks and buses; the Board of Equal
ization, which collects gasoline and
diesel taxes and makes refunds as re-
quested; and the Highway Patrol,
which patrols the highways, issues
operators licenses, administers the
Highway Financial Responsibility Act.
and is involved in certain highway
safety duties.
The committee strongly urged that
a motor vehicle department be set up
in the state to take over all of these
functions, in order that they may be
co-ordinated. This appears to
De a move towards good government
n Montana, and could probably in
,rease tax revenues from existing
avs, due to co-ordinated and con-
,erted effort.
The fact-finding committee high
lighted the highway problem in this
tate by pointing out that the develop
nent of an adequate highway trans
network will cost the people
# Montana and their partner, the
ederal government, SIG billion in the
lext twenty years.
Nearly Sc billion of this total cost
will be provided by the federal gov
rnment through federal aid grants in
his twenty-year period. This leaves
billion dollars to be raised by some
Method of local taxation.
This amount of money cannot be
aised without a 7-cent gas tax, but
his 7-cent tax must be accompanied
y a substantial increase in weight
axes on commercial vehicles to de-
elop the equity of taxation desirable
4 this country.
If we are to have the highways
we need, all highway users must
develop a willingness to contribute
to the highway costs in accordance
with the portion of the costs which
they create.
The people's voice., 1958-11-14
PROPOSED RATES LOWER
THAN IN OREGON

1t is interesting to note that these
fee schedules are below those being
collected on practically an identical
basis in the State of Oregon. They
are very close to rates now being col
lected from similar vehicles operating
in the State of Idaho. The report
points out that tax graduated only
according to the weight of the vehicle
falls more heavily on the low-mileage
operator, while a properly scheduled
eight-distance or highway use tax
makes automatic allowance for the
difference in mileage.
Such tax can be graduated to al
low for additional costs for highway
improvements which are occasioned
by the heavier vehicles. Such a method
of taxation also provides convenient
procedure for charging highway costs
to nonresident vehicles.
The disadvantages of highway use
taxes are usually noted as the admin
istration cost, the possibility of evas-
ion, and the relatively high cost to the
taxpayer of complying with the tax
provisions. These disadvantages can
be overcome in large degree by good
management, by rigid enforcement,
and by simplified procedures. All of
these elements were included in the
highway use tax prepared by the fact
finding committee and submitted to
the 1857 Legislature.
The people's voice., 1958-11-14
COSTS NOT FAIRLY
DISTRIBUTED BY
FUEL TAX ALONE

Because of the fact that fuel tax,
as such, does not fairly distribute the
burden of highway costs, all states
have developed some method of col
lecting supplemental fees for vehicles
larger than passenger cars. In some
states, such as Oregon, Idaho, New
York, and others this supplemental
fee is collected in the form of So
The people's voice., 1958-11-14
Continued From Page One
ALTERNATIVE PLANS
DRAFTED BY COMMITTEE

In order to gear this work to fiscal
plans found feasible by the legisla-
ture, alternative plans were set up for
each of the major systems. For ex-
ample, if program were developed
for catching up the backlog of needs
in 15-year period, and at the same
time accomplishing new needs as they
arose, a total amount of $76.5 million
per year would be required for the
first thirteen years for all highways
and streets in the states, with $57
million in each of the next two years
and $25 million per year in the last
five years.
The committees engineering report
points out that while the task of i'm
proving roads, highways and streets
to efficient standards is big, it is far
from impossible. 1t might have been
considered impossible prior to the en-
actment of the 1856 Federal Aid Law,
but the large sums of money that this
law will provide for Montana's main
highways makes the feasibility of fl
nancing the total highway problem in
the state more probable.
1t is interesting to note from the
committees finance report that cur
rent sources of revenue, coupled with
federal aid, can accomplish the total
program with only minor adjustments
to bring about equity among the var
ious users of the highways. The prob
lem can be accomplished over a 20
year or 30-year period from current
revenue sources, or it can be accom-
plished over shorter period by the
processes of borrowing to catch up
the backlog and paying for the high
ways as we use them over a longer
period of from thirty to thirty-two
years.
The people's voice., 1958-11-14
Fewer Orphans

The number of orphans has dropped
from GA million in 1920 to 2.7 mil
lion in 1858, says Health Information
Foundation. Yet the child population
has risen from 80 to 60 million in
that time.
The people's voice., 1958-11-14
7-CENT TAX ESSENTIAL;
TRUCKS MUST PAY MORE

The finance report of the commit
tee staff indicates clearly that a T.
cent gas tax is essential if Montana is
to accomplish its total highway prob
lem within any reasonable period.
However, it points out that sub
-~stantial upward adjustments are
required for weight fees on trucks
to create equity between passenger
cars and the heavier vehicles using
the highways.
The committee study analyzed the
The people's voice., 1958-11-14
Effect of Proposed Use Tax
On Consumer Prices

The committee also made an inter
esting analysis of the effect of COM
The people's voice., 1958-11-14

vehicle would pay about six cents per
mile of travel.