davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-31

of Quemoy still held by the Ma
tionalistS, loudspeakers are set up
for direct verbal assault on the
mainland troops. OBJECTIONS from
b the Communist batallions are
numerous enough to make this
strategem worth while on con-
tinous basis.
Children go to school during
the day, where they learn the
language, culture and history Of
their nearby but unvisitable moth
erland. Only a few Of the older
children have ever set foot on
mainland China.
In Quemoy town, whose narrow
streets see no vehicular traffic ex-
cept military jeeps and trucks. the
visitor may stroll down streets
lined with shops selling a bazaar
like variety of goods, from incense
sticks to canned foods. There is
no rationing, nor is there much in
the way of luxury goods.
curfew's at 10 Pm.
A curfew sends every one home
by 10 pm.
The artillery shells no longer
whistle in every evening, but when
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-31

a compilation of the questions and
answers in talks with Arabs and
non-Arabs, officials and private
individuals. professional men and
Psychologists, peasants
@. What exactly does Arab ma
tiOnalism mean?
A. That depends on who is talk
ing. Military men think Of vast
fighting unit. combining the forces
of all the Arab states. Business
men see it as an economic bloc
in which the Arabs will control
and market their own resources
especially oil-develop q common
currency and coordinate eco
nomic operations. An old scholar
said, 1T means dignity. 1t means
winning the self-respect we never
had when we were dominated by
foreigners. first the Turks, then
the British and the French"
@. Would this lead to q single
political state?
A. Arab leaders differ. Some
speak of a United States of the
Middle East" Some see confed-
Grafton of states. each sovereign,
but with common policies in for
eign affairs, defenses, etc ..
@. Did Nasser invent Arab ma
tiOnalism?
A. Definitely not. But to mil
lions Of Arabs, he Symbolizes it
and is the most successful practi-
toner.
Q. What would happen IL he
were suddenly removed from the
picture?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-31

were trying to buy in WASHINGTON.
q. Is that the reason Arab
newspapers and radios attack the
United States so violently?
A. Partly. The other part Is
that Arab nationalism is a move
ment highly charged with emo
ton. This is its driving force. To
maintain the emotional pressure,
a whipping boy is necessary. So
the United States is depicted as
having imperialist policies in the
Middle East and trying to revive
colonialism. These labels, reviving
painful memories, flick the masses
OF people like whips, although the
more intelligent Arabs know
better.
@. What has NaSser done for
Egypt?
A. The Egyptians certainly are
are not a free people under his
regime. Whether he has lifted
the standard of living for the av-
erage man is an arguable Ques-
ton. Professional economists and
businessmen from the United
States and West Germany say the
Egyptian economy is sound and
improving all the time. Yet, within
sight Of Cairo there are thousands
of people living in mud huts as
the ancient Egyptians did. They
draw water from the Nile by man.
power operating a derrick and q
bucket. They ride on donkeys.
They seem to have enough to eat
but many are badly clothed. Incl
dentally, they are representative
about some of this.
Q. For example?
A. A German television crew,
working at Luxor, told me the
Egyptians would not permit them
to photograph the primitive
method Of getting water for irri-
CATION. The Egyptians said: I'VE
have power pumps now. Photo
graph the power pumps, not the
poverty Of the peasants" Another
example: A Cairo newspaper told
its readers Egypt is fully abreast
Of other nations in scientific de-
velopment. I'VE could put UP an
artificial moon or manufacture
guided long-range missiles. We
have the scientists and the know
how, but there is no reason to
expend our resources on such
things"
@. Has NaSser changed person.
ally in the past few years?
A. An ambassador who sees him
frequently says not. He is bound
to be impressed by the position
ne finds himself swept into" he
said. He is even a little surprised
by what has happened, I think.
But in his personal life, and his
manner. I don't detect any
changes"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-31

A. Probably nothing. An infiu-
entail newspaper editor said, THE
movement would 60 on Of its own
impetus. Someone else would be-
come the symbol. In fact. Nasser
today is in some ways the creature
of the Arab nationalist move
ment."
@. What does that mean?
A. That events may have moved
more swiftly than he expected.
For example, Egyptians say he
was not ready to take over Syria
when the Syrians asked to merge
with Egypt. He didn't have the
administrators, the civil servants.
nor the fixed policies to meet the
new situation, according to peo-
pie who should know.
@. How is the Egypt-Syria
merger working out now?
A. You get conflicting reports
in Damascus and Cairo. Syrians
said they have made trade with
Iraq since the revolution but not
with Egypt. Egyptians said Syria
is an economic milestone on Egypt.
Besides. it appears that Nasser
confronts q very serious problem
in trying to coordinate the eco
Monies Of the two countries-the
Syrians are merchants, par excel
lence, shop keepers and free en-
terprisers. They are afraid of
nationalized industries.
q. What Is the basis Of Nasser's
influence on the Arab world?
A. This is a key question. Take
1t in sections:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-31

they do come it's around midnight.
OF late the principal victim of the
Communist Smelling had not been
Quemoy itself. but the minuscule
Nationalist island Of Little
Quemoy, just south Of Quemoy.
There one sees the Quilted houses
and pockmarked streets one would
expect. In Quemoy town up to this
week there had been little evidence
that this is a front-line village
within enemy gun range.
Troops Are Young
The younger troops are mostly
natives of Formosa province. None
of the younger men, except for
pilots, has seen actual warfare
apart from the limited artillery
duels between Quemoy and the
Communists. Many of the older
men and officers, natives Of the
mainland, have fought against
both Japan and the Chinese Com
munistS. Discipline is sharp. Men
walk with military erectness even
when off duty. Training and
maneuvers, weapons inspection
and the cleaning and polishing of
vehicles and equipment are almost
incessant. Every six months a two
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-31

makes it yield cabbages, sweet
potatoes and sugar cane. But food
must still be shipped in from For
mosa. The farmhouse is of stone
with the arched caves typical of
Fukien province, of which Quemoy
is a part. Sometimes many of
these farmhouseS are clustered to-
gether into tiny farm village,
of which there are so on Quemoy.
TowoFd the MoinIond
Viewable from Quemoy is the
Chinese mainland, a panoramic
postcard scene Of blue waters, tiny
islands, great mountains rising
imperiously from a green coast,
fishing boats and Sampans with
bright-colored sails that ply the
waters now as always. Between
tiny Quemoy and the Communist
held islands In Annoy harbor the
guns still rage, usually only at
night, a reminder Of the hot war
that is at least temporarily cold
elsewhere in the world.
Formosa is $50 miles to the east.
In the intervening waters, the
United States Seventh Fleet is on
permanent patrol. Between Que
moy and the mainland, however,
only fishing Sampans pass. A
mile and a half separate Quemoy
from the nearest Communist terri
tory. One hundred fifty-five miles
to the north even timer Matsu
(one-tourth the size of Manhat-
tam is the other offshore island
group held by Nationalist China.
The artillery fire MICS notwith-
standing, the war of words is still
important on Quemoy. Every day,
when the wind is right GLOWING
from the southeast), flights of bal
looms take off, loaded with leaflets
exhorting the mainland Chinese to
harass the Communists, to with
hold crops, to avoid despair and
keep up hope that China will see
the end of Communism in good
time. Radio stations broadcast the
word rom Formosa to Communist
troops across the narrow waters.
Artillery shells, loaded with leaf
lets, are shot across as well, and
frogmen even venture close to the
mainland shore to float more leaf
lets is plastic tubes. which are
picked up by soldiers, fishermen
and wanderers along the shore
p line.
On a few Of the timer islands
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-31
By RELMAN MORN
Associated Press Correspondent

CAIRo.-"Nothing in the world
can stop it."
Across the Scorching deserts,
Arab leaders FASTENED to see
Canal Abdel NaSSer, the lynx
eyed Egyptian dictator. Old quar-
rels were patched up. Messages
of solidarity passed between the
Arab states. The airwaves cracked
with jagged words against "the
imperialists. In the U. N. Gen.
eral Assembly, the Arabs won a
mandate of immense Importance.
A Western diplomat in Cairo.
observing these developments and
many others, said quietly, moth
ing in the world can stop it"
He was speaking of Arab ma
tionahsm.
This great force, powered by
raw passion. is at white heat in
the Middle East today. The revo-
luton in Iraq, the dispatch Of
troops to Lebanon and Jordan,
the shock and fear that followed
all acted liked forced draught
on the flames. They reached far
to the east and west Of Nasser's
capital, and deep into Africa.
The Picture Today
Today, the picture looks like
this:
l. NaSser's bandwagon Is rolling
along the high road. Some Arab
states are rushing to Chamber
aboard. Others, trying to stay out
of the way. are adjusting their
policies.
2. If he wants an empire-and
he says he doeSn't-NasSer prob
ably could take Libya, the Yemen
and the Kuwait by telephone.
3. He is in a position now to
suggest that the oil-producing
countries share the revenues with
the United Arab Republic. If he
has done so. the information is q
well-kept secret.
4. American prestige in the
Middle East is close to absolute
zero. President Eisenhower's pro-
poSals for economic aid apparently
fell on deaf ears in the Middle
East. Neutral observers saw in
the Presidents speech a sharp
reversal of American policy, a
willingness to deal now with Mas
ser. The Arabs, however. professed
to be unimpreSSed.
5. What steps could the United
States take to regain the lost pres
tige? Not money-arms, said an
intimate of NaSser. You did a
clever thing in giving arms to the
Indonesian government. 1t would
be even more clever to offer them
to Nasser." Is this the trial bal
loon?
! To see the full picture. here is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-31
NOTHING CAN STOP 1T NOW
The March to Arab Notionosm Becomes Rush

First, to the Arabs, he is a fan
taStic success. He nationalized the
Suez Canal. He took over Syria.
The British-F rench-Israeli oper-
alton of 1856 failed to unseat him.
Khrushchev and the Russians de-
fer to him, building him up. Being
Tito's guest added to his pres
tige in Arab eyes. They see him
as a man of world stature, the
only Middle Eastern leader big
enough to tell of" the West.
Second, some Arab states are
frankly afraid of him. 1t is gen.
orally believed this is why the
Saudi Arabs had the four-day
talks in Cairo, patching UP their
quarrels. A well-informed neutral
observer said the Sudanese and
Ethiopians are scared stiff of
NaSSer.
Third, Nasser has a propaganda
powerhouse. The great publish
ing houses are in Cairo, pouring
out newspapers, magazines and
newspapers that flood the Middle
East. It's the movie capital of
the whole area.
@. Did Nasser engineer the up
risings in Lebanon, Jordan and
Iraq?
A. UnqueStionably, arms and
men went from Syria into Lebanon
and Jordan. How many, and
whether they were acting on
Nasser's instructions Is hard to
pin down.
@. Can the q. N. handle these
problems?
A. As O personal opinion, no.
Borders are III defined. Distances
are great, terrain is rugged. The
Arabs, masterpieces, could oper-
ate under the very noses of U. N.
teams without being detected. In
my view, only the Arabs them
selves can handle the problem.
q. Why are the Arabs 30 violent
against the United States?
A. The Arabs reel on q long
list Of charges. They cite the
Eisenhower doctrine and the
Baghdad pact, which, Of course,
cut right across the lines of Arab
nationalism." They bark. back to
the withdrawal of funds for the
high dam" and they claim that
when they needed wheat. the
United States insisted on payment
in dollars-whereas the Russians
loaned the money to buy Russian
wheat. The statement attributed
to Secretary Of State Dulles, Mas
ser does not represent Arab ma
tionalism." Infatuated them. Per-
haps most important, they con-
slider the United States to be
Israel's founder and main sup
porter. And they claim the De-
Tense Department even turned
over to Israel secret lists Of Egyp-
tan arms which the Egyptians
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-31

weeks furlough to Taiwan is
granted.
Apart from the regular army
troops on Quemoy, draftees also
serve. Nationalist China requires
two years Of compulsory service
in the army for all young men,
or three years in either the navy
or the air force.
The military mayor of Quemoy
is Col. Sun Ton. As. Morale is
high here" he said. People are
used to the firing. They want
peace, of course. but much prefer
the status quo to living under the
Reds"
Outside Quemoy town the island
is craggy and hilly. with red earth
reminiscent of Georgia and piles
of boulders that look like magma
tive drawings of the surface Of
the moon. Streams are sluggish,
but water the land sufficiently for
raising limited crops. AS well as
the farmers, the soldiers also till
the land on their OF hours.
From every hillock and mound,
as the visitor turns around to
look, foxholes and pillboxes gut
the land. Underground a complex
series Of trenches and tunnels in
terlocks various command posts.
Beneath q towering statue of DR..
Sun Yat-Sen, instigator and in
tellectual champion of the Chinese
revolution of 1911, a radial tun-
mel system is manned day and
night to watch over the islands
extensive road system, which has
a major junction point here. Small
mountains are followed out to
shelter trucks and jeeps. Lonely
horses, cattle, rabbits and goats
meander over the terrain.
Observers man powerful binocu-
lars atop Quemoy's highest hill,
800-foot Tai-wu-shan, scanning
the mainland and the Commu-
nist-held islands in Annoy harbor.
The men eat and sleep up here
while their duty lasts, after which
they are replaced with a fresh
crew.
Remember Old Bottle
On the great observation rock
huge Chinese ideographs are
carved in a copy of Generalissimo
Chang Kai-shek's own handwrit-
ing: Remember What Happened
at Chui" This recalls a battle in
China more than 1000 years ago
when a small army-in-exile won
back an entire kingdom from
conqueror that had won II cities
but not the 72d, which fought
back to reconquer the II lost
cities.
Anti-aircraft batteries are on
24-hour alert. Nearby, a brand
new junior high school functions
normally. The students are all
Boy Scouts or Girl Scouts; most
will go on to high school. Some
will try for the all-expense Schol-
arships offered by National Tai
wan University in Taipei.
IF the Reds want to try again,
we're ready for them" the deputy
commanding general told me. He
is 1t. Gen. Kuo Yeng-fen, ma
tive of Canton. The general is
AZ, looks about IS. and reminisced
to me in his stone headquarters
building covered with morning
glorieS.
They invaded this island in
1949. They landed 10000 men and
lost half Of them. The battle took
two days. When they evacuated
their troops, 1900 were left dead
on the battlefield and $3.50 more
were taken prisoner. They have
had the good sense not to try
again."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-31
BY L. EDGAR PRINA
star star Writer

Despite the Soviet Unions ac-
knowledged lead in the develop
ment of intercontinental ballistic
missiles, the United States is far
from an inviting target for q. sur
prise atomic attack.
In fact. the United States today
holds-and expects to continue to
hold-a significant edge over the
Russians in strategic weapons and
the ability to deliver them.
These are the opinions Of men
in the Pentagon who are privy
to some of the Nations most
closely guarded secrets and intel
ligence reports.
These experts are becoming in
creasingly irked at what they call
"politicking defense critics and
handwriting columnists" who
predict an imminent nuclear
doomsday unless the United States
has more of every kind Of weapon,
especially ICBMs, than the Soviet
Union.
President Eisenhower, who has
made it plain he feels the same
way about these prophets Of dis
aster, let of a little steam at his
news conference last week when
he said:
II think it is silly to say that
we can be defeated in a first-blow
attack fol the simple reason that
we have so much strength, retail
istory strength, that any nation
foolish enough to resort to that
kind of an effort would itself
be destroyed"
The Ideo of ICBM's
This is precisely the point that
is overlooked by the more vocal
defense critics, who see the period
of 1860 to 1864 particularly dan
gerous to our survival because the
Russians are expected to have
considerably greater numbers Of
1NbMS DIldH VIC uO.
Just what does the President
mean when he says our great re-
taliatory strength is a deterrent
to a Soviet attack? Here Is how
the Pentagon experts view the
situation today:
While it is true that the Rus
slams, who started years earlier,
lead us in the development of
ICBMs. the United States pos
seSses and will continue to possess
a variety of weapons systems
which have the very real capabil-
ity of destroying the Soviet Union
two or three times over.
First and foremost today is the
Strategic Air Command, the most
highly trained big bomber force
in the world. SAC has a couple
thousand 600-mile-an-hour hydro
gen-bomb carriers and scores Of
available bases ringing the USSR.
In addition to its aircraft, SAC
has the Shark, an intercontinen-
tai guided missile capable of de-
livering hydrogen warhead 5000
miles or more. While the airbreath-
ing Shark is not nearly so fast as
a balliStic missile, it would give
Soviet defenders large additional
headache.
And by the end of this year,
the first Air Force 1,500-mile inter-
mediate range ballistic missiles
are scheduled to be deployed in
Great Britain. More Thors and
Army developed Jupiter IRBM's
are expected to go to bases in
Britain and on the European con-
tinent in the first half of 1859.
Don't Overlook ToeticoI Air
Then there is the Tactical Air
Command, often overlooked, with
its thousands of f1ghter-bombers,
all capable Of carrying nuclear
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-31
Number Of Missiles
Only Part Of Story

weapons. TAG planes could ny
from more than 200 overseas bases
for strikes at Iron Curtain targets.
The Navy, too, has q potent
striking force in its l,500-mile
twin-jet bombers which fy of
giant aircraft understanding
targets which cannot be zeroed in
by missiles in q surprise attack.
The Navy also has several sub
marines In commission which are
equipped with intermediate range
guided missiles.
Nor can the Army be counted
out in any recapitulation of re-
taliatory strength. 1t has an undis-
closed number Of its first big tao
tical ballistic missile, the Red
stone. deployed in West Germany
now. While this weapon has a
listed range Of 175-200 miles. it
could reach out 400 or more with
modification.
Pentagon experts believe the
Soviet Union will not have q sig
niflcant number of reliable
ICBMs for at least two years.
They believe that any about war
fought through 1960--and prob
ably even later-would see most Of
the strategic nuclear weapons de-
livered by manned bombers.
Does Russian possession of sig
Y1ff7aoY1fv ,n1,uakare nf TCnAHc ,,naa,.
that We've had it?" Again the
answer is, mo" Here's why:
1t is fallacious to consider mere
numbers of missiles. If the Soviet
Union, as an example, should have
1000 ICBMs in 1864 and the
United States only 200, it does not
follow that we are automatically
at the Kremlin's mercy. Two hum
dred ICBMS could kill an awful
lot of people.
The United States undoubtedly
would take terrific toll of dead
if the Russians launched a sur
prise attack now or in 1964-but
the chances are considered good
that enough of our retaliatory
strength would remain so that we
could still destroy them. This is
the deterrent.
Will We Strike Beck?
What will our retaliatory capa-
bility look like in late 1860 or
early 1861 when Russian ICBM
production is expected to be
rolling?
In two years or a little more,
we will have a beefed up SAC,
equipped with faster planes and
powerful new Standoff air-to-
surface nuclear missiles. There
will be a better dispersal of SAC
aircraft on new and hardened
bases.
The production of our own
operational ICBM, the Atlas,
should be we'll under way.
Production and development Of
either or both our IRBMS, the
Thor and Jupiter, will have been
accelerated. Overseas, these weap-
ons become, in effect, American
ICBMs. They could strike as deep
into the Soviet Union as the Atlas
fired from bases in the Continent
tai United States.
The first Polaris ballistic mis-
sile submarines will be ready for
sea, barring any unforeseen snag
in development of this most prom
ising weapons systems.
Nine PolariS submarines have
been authorized. To gauge the
deterrent value of Just one Of
these nuclear subs, which will be
armed with Is hydrogen-warhead
missiles of 1.500-mile range, con-
slider that it could hide submerged
in the Mediterranean Sea and
destroy Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev,
Stalingrad, Sevastopol and several
other large cities.