Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-13

| in levying war against them.
or In adhering to their enemies,
giving them aid and comfort"
BrOadcasts At Issue
During and after World War
II. there were convictions of
treason for offenses ranging
from aiding the saboteurs to
mistreating American prison.
ers Of war. For the first time,
Americans were charged and
convicted of treason for broad
casting enemy propaganda.
Pound and the others in
dicted at the same time were
charged on that basis.
The first of these to be con-
victed-the one now serving a
life term at Lewisburg-waS
Douglas Chandler. Chicago
born citizen, who delivered VII
olently anti-Semitic, anti-Brit-
ish, anti-Roosevelt and anti
administration commentaries
under the name of Paul Re-
we're" over Radio Berlin. Chan
dler was convicted Of 10 overt
acts of treason in 1947. SEN
fenced to life Imprisonment
and fined $4,000.
The only other one Of these
eight convicted was Robert H.
Best. a foreign correspondent
who chose to remain with the
Axis and broadcast programs
known as "BBB-Best Berlin
Breakfasts" He was convicted
in 1913 of IL overt acts of
treason. sentenced to life i'm
prisonment and fined $4,000.
He died at the United States
Medical Center for Federal
prisoners at Springfield, Mo-,
on December is. 1852.
Two Women Released
Indictments against the two
women in the same group were
dropped in 1947 and 1913. One
of them. Jane Anderson. the
former wife of American music
critic Deems Taylor, was Of
fered a passport on condition
that she return to the United
States. 1t was indicated at the
time Of her release in Salz-
burg. however. that she prob
ably would rejoin her husband,
Spanish Marquis Eduard de
ChiemsuegoS. at the Austrian
town of Bregenz.
The other woman, Constance
Drexel. returned to this coun-
try after charges against her
were dropped in 1913. She was
frequently seen thereafter at
the Justice Department where
she wanted to consult the rec
ords of her case because she
was writing a book. She died
in 1856.
Another defendant, Edward
Leo Delaney. was picked up in
New York when he landed
there and was taken before a
grand jury. He claimed that
he had stopped broadcasting
for the Germans after Pearl
Harbor and apparently the
Government lacked enough evil
dence to convince the grand
jury otherwise. After the New
York Federal grand jury re-
fused to indict. the indictment
against him here was dropped.
American "Haw Haw"
The other two defendants
died before they could be tried.
One Of them was Max Oscar
KoischwitZ. who later was de-
scribed at the Axis Sally" trial
as her friend. The other was
Fred w. Kaltenbach. described
as the American Lord Haw
Haw." who was captured by
the Russians at the close Of
the war and reported by them
to have died in a Russian
prison.
In addition to Pound and
these seven. three other Amer
leans were later charged with
making reasonable broadcaSts.
These three we're:
4 Herbert John Burgman. who
was convicted here in l949 OF
10 overt acts of treason and
sentenced to from six to 20
years. Burgman died in prison
in 1858.
| Mildred Elizabeth Gillars.
dubbed Axis Sally" by the
troops. who was convicted here
and sentenced to serve from
10 to 30 years in l949. She is
still serving her sentence at
the Federal Institution for
Women Prisoners at Anderson,
w. Va.
IVA Toguri D'Aquino, who
broadcast to troops in the Paci-
flc as orphan Ann" but was
called Tokyo Rose" by her lis
teners. She was sentenced in
California to one overt act OF
treason in l949. She was re-
| leased from prison on JANUARY