davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-04
BROWN
Uncertain u. S. Foreign Policy

leaders and, wherever he
could speak the language, the
man in the street: why are
you so afraid of the Russians
and their satellites; why are
you giving economic and mill
itary aid to your enemies
such as the Yugoslavs and
the Poles and to the so-called
neutrals such as the Indians,
who have shown so clearly
in whose camps they are?"
The answer that our leaders
are convinced that peace can
be brought about only by
such actions rather than by
force caused only shakings
Of the head or smiles and
sometimes the words: when
will you learn? When will 1t
be too late?"
There may be method in
our folly. 1t may be that ad-
vocating a Christian policy Of
love thy neighbor (even II he
is an enemy will pay divi-
dends in the end. If 1t
does, it will be just another
miracle. But from the prac.
teal point of view. all we
have obtained from our pres
ent stand is the creation Of Q
definite impression among all
our allies and friends that
we have no policy and that
we don't know where we are
going.
Under existing world con-
ditions. when the Kremlin
seems to have all the advan.
tages, some less hardy allies.
particularly in Europe, are
weighing carefully whether
coexistence, with all its risks,
would not be the better solu.
ton for them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-04
STUART SYNINGTON-Sub for Stokes
Statistics and Understanding

year. the conclusion is in
escapable that our economy
was not making much prog
resS even during the so-called
most prosperous year Of 1857.
Perhaps this helps explain
why q little change in busi-
ness activity now finds us
with over five million people
unemployed.
The declining trend actu-
ally started several years ago.
But the bare. unanalyzed fig-
ures announced prosperity"
Policy-both in government
and business-should be made
on the basis Of an UNDER
standing and analysis Of the
data. not merely on a reel.
tation Of favorable looking
figures.
Statistics often are cited to
show how large our national
debt is-and it Is large. But,
in order to understand its
true significance. the size Of
our debt needs to be COM
pared with other data.
When we do that, we find
that the $275 billion current
debt 10 less than 1t was in
ls45. IL years ago. On the
other hand. we also find that
the gross national product
has increased s220.s billion
during that period - i.e., IL
has more than doubled.
The national debt, there
fore. has moved down from
$50 per cent Of our annual
production to SO per cent Of
that production.
Substantially less percent
age Of our taxes now goes to-
ward paying the interest and
principal Of the national debt
than it did IL years ago.
While statistics about our
national debt get much pub
lie attention-and they
should be watched with great
care we sh ould not lose
sight Of the fact that per-
sonal debt has been increas-
ing very rapidly in COMPARE
son with Government debt.
For example. during the past
years. installment and mort
gage debt have moved from
about $22.2 billion 1880 to
about t5l.4 billion at the end
Of 1857. an increase Of more
than 1870 per cent.
Again. 1t is important to
analyze and compare data,
rather than expect it TO be
meaningful by itself.
For example. the American
public has been told its de-
lenses are stronger than ever
before in peacetime. With
out going into the question
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-04

mitted." the theology of po-
litical freedom and economic
free enterprise. The Russians
are successfully exporting
imperialism and nationalism,
on the surface independent
OF communism.
Many Of our political lead
ers are thinking in one way
or another in terms Of one
world an international
melting pot in which race and
religion should be amalga-
mated into one big happy
family. Some Of the more en-
thusiastic one-worlders would
like the coming generations
to forget the glory Of the
deeds of their forefathers.
They made slight progress in
this country, particularly in
some schools. But they can
find no buyers anywhere else.
1t is impossible to deny Queen
Elizabeth to the British or
Napoleon to the French. Even
the Russians have promoted
Gear Ivan the Terrible to
Ivan the Great.
The Soviet Union believes
in one world Of its own: The
Communist world in which
the USSR is the dominant
power and the others are
mere satellites (although in
some instances such as in
China they are being
bestowed the title of "allies~.
We give to our allies and
to the neutrals the impress
sion that we are in a state Of
confusion. Russia shows a
picture Of complete and
relentless determination.
backed by power which exists
more on paper and in propa-
ganda than In fact.
This reporter recently has
made a number Of extensive
trips abroad. including one
around the world. He was
always hard put to answer
one question put to him by
heads Of states. political
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-04
Recognizing the Pentoqon

command responsibilities In
their respective services-is a
step in the right direction
But. under the new setup.
the Joint Chiefs become pow
erless and merely an adjunct
Of the ONCE Of the Secretary
Of Defense. They must 60
through an extra person be-
fore reaching the President
Of the United States. The
clumsiness of the present ar
rangement which Mr.. Eisen-
hover emphasizes was just
as noticeable five years
ago when this correspondent
pointed out In these dis
patches the very same de-
fects, only to find himself in
the minority as the Congress
enacted the laws that brought
about the existing snafu.
The battle inside and out
side the Pentagon has much
to do with who shall control
the money. This is what
stimulates interservice ri
valries. It will not be elimi-
mated by the new plan. The
only thing that win do away
with such friction is to give
all services, through their
chiefs, O chance to sit along
side the Commander in Chief
and be guided by his deci-
sions. The Secretary Of De-
tense should be the head man
on procurement and research
and on the coordination Of
peacetime activities, but no
civilian other than the Pres
ident of the United States
should command the mill
Cary SERVICES.
Congress may debate many
points Of the new plan for a
long time. But one thing
seems imperative-to get rid
as quickly as possible Of the
present chain-o f-command,
functioning as 1t does through
a maze of civilian secretaries
in each armed service and
through many Assistant Sec
retaries Of Defense. Every
weeks delay in enacting q
revised plan could mean, q
frightful debacle II war sud.
denly broke out.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-04
DORIS FLEEsoN

Those happy occasions wnen
powerful Hobbies, with the
leadership Of both parties In
their pockets, bite the dust
are as scarce here as Harry
Truman Is around the White
House these days.
The Easter eve victory Of
the amendment which would
encourage billboard regula-
tons on the new 4l.000-mile
interstate highway system is
such an event. Few agree on
how 1t happened, but the
home-going legislators feel
generally that they have
pleased their women con-
stituents.
One honorable exception
exists 10 the subservience Of
the congressional leaders To
the billboard Hobbies. He is
Senate Republican Leader
william F. Knowland Of CAL
ifornia. Senator Knowland
ranged himself firmly with
his fellow Californian, Sena-
tor Thomas Kuchel. also q
Republican, who cosponsored
the anti billboard amend
ment with Senator Richard
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-04
been sighted several years

been sighted several years
ago.
Another might be that re-
covery from this recession is
being made particularly diff
iicult because Of the heavy
fixed burje Of personal
debt in the face Of declining
incomes. along with continu-
ing imitation in the face Of de-
clining production.
AS we Americans face up
to our problems, we. Of course.
should, and will. face up to
them with courage. To use
that courage intelligently,
however. we must first have
understanding.
(copyright, 1858. by
United Feature syndicate, Incl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-04

of the temperature Of the
cold war we are now in, let's
examine the rest Of the
statement. As 1t stands, 1t
may be true. but 1t certainly
leads to the wrong conclu-
sions. We do have greater
military power than ever be-
fore in peacetime; but we
are relatively weaker today.
as compared with a possible
enemy. than at any time in
our history.
A number of conclusions
could be developed from the
few statistics to which refer
ence has been made.
One might be that the cur
rent recession could have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-04
Joint Chiefs as Part of White House.
Setup for President Called Answer

such layer of authority be-
tween the service chiefs Of
staff and the President. In
World War II. both President
Franklin D. Roosevelt and
President Truman had at
their elbows the three heads
Of the armed services. The
head Of the Army Air Corps
not then a separate service
functioned alongside the
chiefs Of the other two serv-
ices. Instead Of q chairman.
Admiral Leahy acted virtu-
ally as secretary Of the Joint
Chiefs and liaison man with
the President.
No civilian secretaries were
able to interfere with COM
bat operations. Unified field
commanders, irrespective Of
what services they happened
to be in. reported directly to
the Joint Chiefs.
Now everything is concen-
trated in the three civilian
secretaries and in the Secre-
tary of Defense. Mr.. Eisen-
hower's plan would remove
the three civilian secretaries
from the chain Of command
but would increase the au-
thority Of the Secretary Of
Defense, m aking him. in
effect, q deputy Commander
in Chief.
This is a mistaken ap-
proach. No civilian UNDER
stands military operations
well enough to be given such
a responsibility. What is
needed is the establishment
Of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
as a part Of the executive
staff Of the White House. AS
long as the Constitution
makes the President also the
Commander in Chief Of all
the armed services, this au-
thority cannot be constitu-
tionally delegated.
One of the proposed
changes-to relieve the Joint
Chiefs of administrative or
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-04

The American people have
never been told until now
what q dangerous situation
exists in the Pentagon in the
event Of the sudden out
break Of a world war. II is
an open question whether
the recommendations just
made will remedy the situa-
ton.
President Eisenhower, in
his latest message to Con-
greSs. wisely reveals the cum
bersome, unwieldy command
structure which has been in
existence ever since the first
so-called "unification" law
was passed by Congress a
decade ago. Mr.. Eisenhower
describes 1t as follows:
To-day the channel of
military command and d.
rection runs from the Com
mander in Chief to the Sec
rotary Of Defense, then to
the secretary of an execu-
tive agent department, then
to a chief of service, and
then, finally, to the unified
commander.
"In time of emergency, the
secretary of the executive
agent department delegates
to his service chief his au-
thority over the strategic
direction and conduct Of
combat operations. thus,
ultimately the chief of an
individual service issues. in
the name of the Secretary
OF Defense, orders to a uni
fed commander"
This means that, unlike
the manner in which World
War I and World War II
were ought under the direct
orders of the President, the
Defense Department now has
been sandwiched. in the form
Of a huge bureaucratic Or
ganization, between the mill
tary commanders and the
Commander in Chief.
In World War I and
World War II, there was no
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-04

Editors Note. This is an
other in the "StdteSmen's
Series" Of columns being iDrit-
ten BY distinguished person.
ages In the Government, ma
tionGl affairs, business and
the military for Thomas L.
Stokes. uho Is seriously ill.,
BY STUART SYMINGTON
o. Q. Senator from Missouri
It is q privilege to try to
substitute for my friend Tom
Stokes-an able and under
standing newspaperman.
knowledge and under
standing are often con-
sidered the same. But it
seems to me, as we now face
growing domestic and foreign
problems, that we have far
more knowledge than we
have understanding. ~
This country probably pro-
duces more statistics than
anything else. We count, we
measure, and then we recite
what we have counted and
measured, as II we really un-
derstood what the figures
mean.
Even the data are incom-
plete. however. Despite highly
trained statisticians and COM
pick computing machinery,
the figures we cite as facts
are usually concentrations
derived from sampling the
actual situation. AS an ex-
ample. we do not know for
sure how many people there
are in the United States, or
exactly how many Of them
are unemployed.
To the extent the Sampling
is accurate and the gen.
Civilizations sound, the figures
are still based upon data
previously collected and on
conditions which existed even
prior to the time 1t was COL
leeted.
There Is more weakness in
analysis, and more failure to
understand the significance
Of all these statistics, than
there Is any intent to mis-
lead by using them.
At the risk Of further
compromising the confusion,
here are q few statistics
recently obtained from ON
cial sources.
1t has been broadly &C.
cepted that the past few
years have been the most
prosperous in our history.
Profit figures and increases
in our gross national product
have been cited to support
this belief.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-04
Senator Indicates That Figures, Added.
Don't Always Give q True Picture

- ~ b0S SS0bS
But corporate profits were
larger in dollars in 1851 than
in 1857, and if the recent
imitation is included. the 1851
profit picture shows up even
better than that.
Corporate profits after
taxes averaged $40 billion
per year during the first i've
years after World War II.
They averaged $18.2 billion
of less valuable dollars dur
ing the second postwar five-
year period (l952-l056).
Farmers net income aver
aged $15.2 billion a year
during 1947-l951. It averaged
$12.S billion a year during
1952-1956.
Current figures show that
the gross national product
was about $40 billion higher
in 1857 than in leslie.
$4l4.7 billion compared with
S434.4 billion. This was an
increase Of about 4.8 per cent.
or about SIT per capita. II
this per capita gross national
product figure is translated
into national income. the in
crease amounts to about SIS
per capita.
To understand about this
prosperity" however. 1t is
important to note what actu-
ally happened to purchasing
power.
II we translate the GIMP
figures for 1857 and 1856 into
uniform dollars-in order to
be talking about the same
thing - we find that the
figures become $430.4 billion
for 1856 and t434.4 billion for
1857.
This Is an increase Of but
81 billion in purchasing power.
compared with the almost $40
billion increase In number Of
dollars.
And the per capita income
increase Of t85 becomes an
actual increase Of SIT.
In other words, only about
g per cent Of the 90 per cent
was an increase in goods and
servicesSproduced. The rest
was nonproductive imitation.
During 194e-52. inclusive.
the real increase in the GIMP
averaged about 4 per cent
per year. From 1858 through
1857, the average increase
has been only l.8 per cent
annually, with the rate Of
increase declining.
With our population in
creasing about 2 per cent .
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-04
Choir at Mission

The choir Of Central IS. CO.
College will sing tomorrow
during an 8 pm. service in the
Central Union Mission observ.
ing the 18th anniversary Of the
reopening of the missions
Children's Emergency Home.
The Nome nugget., 1958-11-10
We Need Worry,
 Says Missile Chief

LOS ANGELES, R - Maj. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever gives this as concensus of informed opinion:
 Russia has an edge over the United States in short-range bal listic missiles, substantially less of a lead in. intermediate range weapons and apparently is about even in intercontinental range missiles.
 The commander of the Air Force Ballistic Missile Division told the World Affairs Council Friday:
 "In saying this I do not want to leave you with the impression that all our problems are solved or that we can relax.
 "We need to worry. We need to do some constructive worrying. It would do us no harm to stay up nights worrying = construc- lively IT. because we are up against an adversary who never coasts and rarely sleeps"
The Nome nugget., 1958-11-10
Alaska Air Lines Planning Ten New 18th State Tours

George G. Foster, Fairbanks, has been named Manager of Tour Programs for Alaska Airlines, ii was announced this week by Le- Roy H. Peterson, Vice President, Traffic and Sales for the airline.
 Increased interest in Alaska, and anticipated further increases in tourist travel to the new State have prompted Alaska Airlines to prepare a new, more extensive tour program" Foster said. "We are planning at least ten new tours which will take people through Alaska the year round"
 Alaska Airlines' new package tours will include fishing, hunting and educational tours in addition to sightseeing itineraries, accord ing to Foster. The all-expenSe tours will utilize local tour serv- ices in various cities and villages, as well as riverboats, ships and other airlines.
 Points in Alaska to be included on new Alaska Airlines tour itin- eraries are Nome, Kotzebue, Circle Hot Springs, Chicken, Talkeetna, Mount Mckinley National Park, Unalakleet, and many others.
The Nome nugget., 1958-11-10
Political Issues Banned At Geneva Talks

WASHINGTON, (R The United States notified Russia Sat- urday it intends to rule out poli- tical isues from this weeks sur prise attack talks at Geneva. It will only deal with technical mili- tary problems, U. s. note said
 The note, delivered in Mos cow and made public here by the State Department, also advised the Soviet government of the blue ribbon panel of military and dip lomatic authorities from five na- tions who will handle the nego- tiations for the West.
 The Geneva talks were sched- uled to open today.
 The first round of the talks is designed to be highly technical - to see whether Communist and Western experts can agree on the requirements of a workable in- spection arrangement to prevent surprise nuclear attack.
The Nome nugget., 1958-11-10
Barrow Pastor Gets Olympic
 Peninsula Post

SEATTLE, R - The Rev. Will liam Wartes, flying missionary assigned to Barrow, Alaska, for seven years, will become pastor of Presbyterian churches at Se- quinn and Gardiner, on the Olym- pic Peninsula in Washington.
 Family responsibility, and a church policy of limiting service in the mission, were major reas- ons for the missionary's change of assignment.
 The Rev. and Mrs. Wartes are parents of six children. He ex- plained schooling for the older children had become a problem because of limited facilities at Barrow.
 The Wartes family is staying here with relatives until they move to Sequim later this month.
 The missionary said the Wartes children consider Alaska their home and would like to return. Clayton, almost 5, has little ad- justing to do here.
 He's always saying he is go- ing out on the tundra to shoot caribou" said MT. Wartes. ''It's causing some wonderment in our neighborhood."
The Nome nugget., 1958-11-10
Mich. State College Paper Resents
 Tattletale Rules

EAST LANSING, Mich, R - Love is rocking the boat at Michi- gan's State University.
 The student congress say s there's too much smooching on canoe rides on the Red Cedar Ri- yer. The campus newspaper says the congress should paddle it's own canoe.
 Morality codes are not student congress- area" the Michigan State News said. in an editorial. It accused the congress of trying to ''pIay the role of a Victorian Sunday Schol teacher" by trying to legislate student morality.
 At the heart of the matter was a resolution passed by the con- gress calling on students witness ing undesirable behavior" on ca noe rides to report the offenders to school authorities. Undesirable behavior" was defined as tex cessive petting.'
 The State News called the reso- lution a "tattle tale clause" It said the congress had made itself ''the laughing stock of the cam pus by assuming it's action is go- ing to change doing what comes naturally.
The Nome nugget., 1958-11-10
Wins By One Vote

SALMON, Idaho, lR - It LOOK county officials nearly four days of counting to make sure, but the closest vote anyone can remem- Der around here was officially de cided Friday by the barest pos Sible margin - one vote.
 The vote elected Republican George w. Howell state represen- tative over Democrat Edward w. Corbett, 1,108 to 1,107. It fixed the composition of the 1859 Ida ho House of Representatives at 23 Republicans and 36 Democrats.
The Nome nugget., 1958-11-10
BOURNEMOUTH, England, A

BOURNEMOUTH, England, R From now on, long-distance Ken Baily will take his night workouts in just a plain sweat suit.
 His luminous model, specially designed so motorists could spot him trotting along the road, was in tatters Saturday - victim of an owl.
 The bird was settling down quietly the other night when along came Ken in his luminous suit. The owl didn't take to it, flew down and neatly ripped it from chin to belt.
The Nome nugget., 1958-11-10
Spiritual Truths Cleaned From
 The News
 Contributed By Nome Gospel Home Israeli Clerk Wins World Bible Contest

JERUSALEM, RNS) - A 30- year-old partially paralyzed clerk in the Jerusalem Institute for the Blind won the first International Bible Quiz at Hebrew University here.
 Garnering Az points, Amos Khaham, whose family name means "'The Wise Man." defeated national winners of IA other countries. Earlier he had been named Israeps Bible champion.
 Mrs. Myrtle Davis, 49, a Bap- tist teacher of Buford, Ga, who was declared Bible Champion of the United States on the $64,O00 Challenge TV program, tied for seventh place.
 Some 2,6OO persons, including Israeli President Yithak Ben-Zvi and Prime Minister David Ben Gurion, jammed the university arnphitheater to witness the five hour contest.
 Questions that Khaham an- swered but that stumped his ri- vals included: There were three women of the same name were toned in the Scriptures. Two of them were described as beautiful. Who were they? The answer: Ia mar. The pretty ones were daught- CTS of David 0I Sam. 13:D and Absalom QI Sam. 14:2D and the third was Judah's daughter-in- law Gen. 38:6).
The Nome nugget., 1958-11-10
Methodist Conference 10 Hear Rev. Roy Finch Tonight

The Methodist Quarterly Con- ference will hear Rev. Roy Finch of Oregon tonight at 7:30 at the Methodist parsonage. The confer ence is holding an extended ses- sion.
The Nome nugget., 1958-11-10
Ketchikan Daily News Sued For Libel

KETCHIKAN, tR - William l.. Baker, Ketchikan radio and TV news man, and for 13 years pub l'eher of the Ketchikan Alaska Chronicle, filed suit yesterday for $83,50G against the Ketchikan Daily News.
 Baker, who is also vice chair man of the Alaska Statehood Committee, listed six causes of action, five for libel and one charging conspiracy in alleged re- straint of trade.
 The chief counts claiming libel have to do with coverage of last years city election in which Baker was a candidate for mayor of Ketchikan. He claims the paper published falsehoods about his ca reer in Ketchikan.
 The conspiracy count charges that Paul s. Charles, publisher of the Daily News, put pressure on another Ketchikan print shop to restrain it from providing type to Bakers Sunday Chronicle, over a period of months, forcing the Chronicle to suspend publication. Baker asks triple damages total ing $28,00O for this part of the action.
 CHICAGO, R - Drink down, ladies'"
 With this brief toast, Mrs. Anna Ward quaffed a glass of wine on her 102nd birthday Friday with guests at a Chicago nursing home
 No seeker for the, impossible, Mrs. Ward said "It's wonderful to be 102 years old, but I don't want people to think I look day over 90."