davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-09

and conventional weaponry-
tanks, artillery, tactical aviation
which the West as a whole seemed
no longer willing or able to con-
tribute to its defense against the
vast Communist land forces.
This solution. in turn, soon
began to seem inadequate. The
summit" conference at Geneva
in 1855 expressed a conviction on
both sides that "nuclear stale
mate" had been reached and that
there was. as President Eisenhower
later put it. mo alternative to
peace"
Unfortunately. however, neither
was there any alternative to war:
and the idea that conventional
wars could still be fought out on
the old basic pattern. varied only
by the introduction of tactical
atomic weapons, while the stra4
tegic bombers with their terrible
hydrogen bomb loads held the
ring, as it were, against total de-
struction, seemed less and less
convincing the more it was studied.
For one thing, the Russians
repeatedly surprised us with their
demonstrations of a high degree
of competence in military tech
nology. 1t had to be assumed that
if one side introduced tactical
atomic weapons into the conven-
tional battle the other side would
do likewise.
1t would also be very difiicult
to keep the war conventional.
Since the West was unwilling or
unable to maintain ready forces
capable, even with tactical atomic
weapons, Of sustaining a conven-
tional war for Western Europe
against a conventional Soviet at
tack, the only real reliance was
still the strategic air forces and
their weapons of mass bombing.
The West would then be faced
with the appalling choice Of either
using them at the beginning or
losing the war.
With the introduction Of the
nuclear weapons the problems Of
keeping an about conventional
war conventional are repeated in
the problem of keeping q limited
war limited.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-09
Disagreement Is Offered as Means
Of Relaxing Eost-West Tensions

ton has stemmed largely from two
developments. Although former
British Prime Minister Sir Anth-
ony Eden had expressed interest in
Soviet feelers for a mutual with
drawal of occupation forces from
both East and West, feelers later
verified by Nikita Khrushchev
himself, it remained for the ques-
ton to be reopened rather force
fully by George F. KEENAN,, for
mer United States Ambassador to
the Soviet Union. Last November
Mr.. KEENAN,. in series Of lectures
prepared for the British Broad
casting Corporation. urged phys
ical disagreement in Eastern
Europe by mutual withdrawal Of
troops to be followed by reunifica-
ton Of Germany on q basis of
formal naturalization.
At Leost q Chance
Separating geographically the
forces of the great nuclear pow
ers," said Mr.. KEENAN,. would af-
ford lat least a chance that Eu-
ropes fortunes might be worked
out, and the competition between
two political PHILOSOPHERS carried
forward in a manner disastrous
neither to the respective peoples
themselves nor to the cause OF
world peace"
Mr.. Remnants appeal was re-
jected in Washington, although 1t
seemed to win a very serious con-
sideration in other NATO capitals.
Response inside the Soviet bloc
was UNDERSTANDABLE sympathetic:
one result of the KEENAN, talks
was to focus attention on a pro-
posal made last october 2 by Adam
Rapacki, Poland's foreign minister,
before the United Nations. The So
Wet Union began incorporating the
Rapacki plan in its letter-writing
summit conference" campaign.
Substantially. the Rapacki plan
proposes that Poland. East Ger
many, West Germany and Czecho-
slovakia be declared a neutralized
zone in which ID nuclear weap-
ons Of any kind would be pro-
hibited; ~ the manufacture or
storage of nuclear weapons would
{ be prohibited; I'D no nuclesX
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-09
GREAT DECISIONS 1853
Rx WALTER MILLIs

When Russia launched its first
ICBM In 1857 the American peo-
pie became generally aware that
they were facing a series of chal-
longing and completely interrelat-
ed problems in the broad field. Of
military and international policy.
The United States, in fact, was
confronting q revolution in weap-
ons systems. military policies,
military costs, strategic require
ments and diplomatic methods.
This revolution had long been
foreseen, but only by 1857 were its
implications beginning to be gen.
orally recognized: and the United
States was ill-prepared for them.
The permanent peacetime mill
tary system which we set up under
the National Defense Act Of l947
was of an essentially conventional
pattern. It was intended to make
possible another colossal manpow-
er and industrial mobilization. on
the model Of World War II, should
this be required by some unpre-
dictable future emergency"
The terrible new atomic weap-
ons hardly entered into the post
war planning. We believed that
we alone possessed "the secret Of
the atom." and the weapons at
that time were too few and too
costly to provide a base for a seri-
Gus military policy and strategy.
The politico-military agrees
sions of the USSR in Turkey,
Greece, Germany and elsewhere
began to shake this approach.
The Russians first nuclear ex-
plosion in the late summer Of
1949 and the Communist on
slaught on South Korea in June.
1850, shattered it.
The nuclear explosion forced
us to reconsider the true place
Of the nuclear arsenal in our
own strategy, while Korea demon
strated a desperate need for
available military forces to con-
troll or influence current military
or diplomatic issues-not merely
those of q hypothetical future
in which our most vital interests
might be jeopardized.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-09

tration took stock. From Ques-
tionnaires to ~ key industries,
the Commerce Department re-
ported:
Gains in steel operations, COM
pared to the last half Of March.
Production and sales Of auto
mobiles % per cent higher than
the same period for 1892.
Cement and motion pictures
we're down from 1892. Wheat and
meat prices had risen. The stock
market had made some gains.
There was much better feeling"
In the farm machine industry.
Brewers, in business again, said
they were planning to spend s22
million on the East Coast, and
expected to create 100000 jobs.
Had public confidence been re-
stored? Observers disagreed.
What II Means Today
What do the 100 days mean TO
US today2 a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-09
Many Decisions Ahead

Here are some of the decisions
with which this situation presents
us:
. Will we not only accept but act
upon the Presidents statement
that there is mo alternative to
peace; or will we continue to
take 1t as just harmless form of
words under which we shall con-
tinue in the future as we have
done in the past, to enjoy all the
projections and advantages of a
military power policy without
counting the possible costs?
. Will we commit ourselves
finally and irrevocably to the
nuclear weapons as our primary
expression Of military power; or
will we make serious attempt
1--WE have not yet done sol to
remove them from the stage Of
international relations?
. viii we cling to the old
concepts of war-which ruled in
the Civil War and the two world
wars-as a near-total outpouring
of the young manpower Of the
Nation, trained and equipped to
throw bullets and high explosives
at an enemy? Or will we develop
a new concept of war as highly
technical operation in which the
machines and their producers and
suppliers are the central element,
with only a comparatively few
skilled professionals bearing the
actual brunt?
. Will we continue to accept the
destructive verdicts of high ex-
plosives, whether conventional
or nuclear, as the only significant
sanction in international affairs?
Or will we prepare ourselves
as both Hitler and Stain did-to
wage war" by the many pSy-
Geological. political. economic
and other .instrumentalities which
in our times have, in fact, exerted
a greater influence over the course
of history than all the bombs and
shells ever fired at covering
human flesh?
. Will we analyze the problem Of
war itself and its real role in
modern society,". Or will we
simply accept the traditional views
and go on the traditional way
down to irremediable disaster?
Sooner or later these questions
will require solutions that are
constructive and that will permit
the survival Of civilized society.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-09

Banking practices were radically
changed, most financial men be-
lieve for the better.
Section TIA Of NRA became the
basis for the Wagner Act and
other Observation-Disclosures legisla-
ton. The results are fiercely dis
puted.
Dispute RACES, too. over the
farm laws that grew out Of the
AAA, and over the iva and other
Government-developed projects.
What about the overall impact,
the impact on philosophy?
Raymond Moley ana Rexford
G. Tugwell, both members OF the
original brain trust" would de-
bate that.
Mr.. Tugwell cited. as some prime
results:
I'VE have the floor which ex-
lists under the whole social
security system. We never can
have o 1929 again because We will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-09
GREAT DECISIONS
The Search for Security in the Rocket Age

would have no function; II the
deterrent force succeeded only In
producing Q total war Of mass
determination, the conventional
forces again would have but q
small role in the resulting holo-
caust. But II q situation such a.
the one we confronted in Korea
should again arise, in which 1t was
desirable to make q large but
limited military effort. then only
the. Army. the Navy and the Ma
rines could meet it. Therefore,
they had to be maintained: but
there was no agreement on num-
bers. equipment. degree Of air,
transport ability and degree Of
readiness.
It was trying to retain q
We mobilization base" for an
other World War II type Of con-
fiict. This did not mean merely
keeping UP an industrial plant
capable Of turning out suddenly
vastly increased quantities Of
planes, guns and electronic equip
ment in an emergency" 1t also
meant o great reserve system,
including large numbers Of partly
trained but mobilizable young
men, who could be summoned to
expand the peacetime active forces
to the high levels that were re-
quired in World War II, but whom
it seemed increasingly doubtful
that the Nation could use or could
even organize or transport in
future war.
It was in 1857 that a general.
If often unclear, realization began
to grow that these three aims
were in many respects incompat-
ible and that to achieve them all
in adequate measure would involve
an indispensable burden upon
the economy. Our military policy
seemed to call for some funda-
mental redesigning to adjust it to
the actualities of the present world
rather than to the membranes,
the traditions, the assumptions, of
the past. But no one, either in the
Administration or outside it. had
offered any imaginative suggestion
as to how a redesigning might
proceed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-09
Trade Act Faces
Potent Combine

Textile South. The old Cotton
South stood for a trade policy that
permitted its major raw material
to be sold on world markets with
a competitive advantage. But to-
day, the South is growing less and
less cotton while it manufactures
more and more textiles to be sold
in domestic markets.
Thirty-f1ve years ago, North and
South Carolina, Georgia and Ala
bama grew about one-third of the
Nations cotton. In 1857, these
States produced only about 2 mil
lion bales on a combined. acreage
of 2 million. California alone, in
the same year. produced about the
same amount on only 100000
acres.
On the other hand, the Caro-
linas, Georgia and Alabama today
spin. weave and finish almost
three-fourths of the Nations tex
tile goods.
Depressed Industry
For the past five years the tex
tile industry, long subject to the
slightest economic whin, has been
in depressed state. The more
detached observers blame the hard
times in textiles on excessive and
overpriced stocks, plus increased
wage costs.
But the industry-and South.
ern representatives in Congress
blame the busy shuttles and looms
OF Kobe and Osaka in Japan. They
argue that Japanese textile i'm
ports, produced by coolies who
are paid coolie wages" have pro-
duced an impossible competitive
situation in home markets.
OF course, the Textile South did
not come into being overnight
at least certainly not just since
the Trade Agreements Act was last
extended in 1855, when almost 80
per cent of the Southerners in
both House and Senate voted for
the conference committees report
on the bill.
Relied on Protection
At that time, the Southerners
explain now. they believed that
the added protection given the
textile industry in the final yer.
sion OF the measure would be sui.
ficient.
They say they thought that when
they voted for the bill in recent
years. the built-in guarantees
against damage to industry would
work. These guarantees - the
escape clause" and the peril
points" provision - promise relief
and exceptions from the act for
any industry that can prove sufi-
Gent damage because of low
tariffs.
These guarantees just haven't
worked. so the argument goes.
Representative Ashmore of South
Carolina, who represents one Of
the largest textile areas, says that
of the 10 cases which he knows Of
that have been brought before the
Tariff Commission with pleas for
protection, the Commission has
recommended to the President
relief for only nine Of them -
and the President, he says, denied
relief in all nine.
Mr.. AShmore says that he has
talked with enough of his South
ern colleagues to feel certain that,
this year, extension of the act will
have virtually no support in
Southern delegations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-09

The Suez crisis is Q case in
point. When Britain and France
set out to solve it with what was
intended to be- short. sharp
and limited military action on
the old pattern, the United States
in effect vetoed the operation.
Just why We did so is still far
from clear; but the deepest mo-
tive appears to have been our
fear that the limited war would
become total.
These dilemmas. clearly APP
parent by 1865, have only been
intensified by chronological
progress" The accident to the
Japanese fishing trawler Fortu-
nate Dragon at the time Of the
great hydrogen explosion at BIZ
KIM in 1854 first called attention
to the appalling danger Of tall
out"
Some have found an answer to
the fallout problem in the posi-
bility Of producing clean" bombs.
the President has stated that the
scientists have assured him that
bombs IS per cent clean are prac-
ticable and that further refine
ment is to be expected: hut too
little information has been vouch-
safed to form any real idea of
what this means. What the
bombs are clean Of, what this
implies as to their other effects,
what proportion Of the whole
arsenal has been or may be
cleaned up, whether wartime use
would be as clean as peacctime
teSting-none Of this has been ex-
planned.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-09
BY DAVID KOONCE
Star Stan Writer

SeaA osAh WAAtNA
Everybody concerned is willing
to agree that the Presidents recip-
rocal trade program, that adjunct
of American foreign policy which
is due to expire on June 80, is in
more trouble than it has been at
any time since its conception by
Cordell Hull in 1884.
And, paradoxically, the source
of most of its trouble-there is no
disagreement here, either-is to be
found among the Southerners in
Congress, the men who represent
the region that for $50 years was
the citadel of free trade.
Mr.. Eisenhower has asked for
a five-year extension of the Trade
Agreements Act, which permits the
United States to give tariff breaks
to nations that reciprocate in a
like manner to the United States.
Congressional veterans who in
the past decade have fought in
the seven legislative battles to
repeatedly extend the 1884 act,
believe that the President will be
lucky to get a one-year extension,
and that, even then, the act is
likely to be riddled with weaken
ing amendments.
The Southerners, of course, will
not stand alone in the fight on
free trade. There are also the
traditional protectionists = a
goodly number. And this year,
there is an added factor: Rising
unemployment and slowed produc-
ton lines have thrown a scare into
many members of Congress who
in the past have given easy
support to the reciprocal trade
program.
In the South. it's complaining
textile industry, but elsewhere.
pressure also is coming from the
chemical, glass, pottery. plywood.
hat. bicycle, residual oil. cheese,
coal. glove, lead and zinc indus
tries. Fewer imports Of these prod
ucts, it is reasoned. would provide
larger domestic markets, which in
turn would make work for workers
now unemployed.
The Changing South
But the largest regional bloc of
opposition this year is the South,
represented by LOG members of the
House and % Senators. Not all of
these, of course, can be counted in
one camp. But a district-by-dis-
trict and a State-by-State study
of the regions economy suggests
that as many as IS Southerners in
the House-20 per cent of that
body-and Is Southern Senators
may be marshaled against extern
sion. That is. If they vote accord
ing to the predominant interests of
their constituencies.
Back in 1884. not a single South
erner in Congress voted against
the original act. But today it
would be difficult-at least in the
House-to find more than a hand
full Of Southerners willing to speak
out for reciprocal trade. And these
few would likely come from to-
bacco country. which still depends
greatly on foreign markets.
The answer lies in the great
changes that have been taking
place over the region, especially
since World War II. What was
once the Cotton South today is the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-09
Prospects for Missiles

Still another factor, prominent
after 1855 and beginning to as
sumo dominant Importance in
1857, is the introduction Of the
missile (unmanned) carrier.
It is believed that the interme-
date ballistic missile, with a
range Of about 1900 miles, may
soon be in production. The Rus
slams have claimed the successful
launching of an intercontinental
ballistic missile presumably with
a range Of about 5000 miles,, and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-09
THE DECISIONS SERIES

IhlS the second article IN The Sunday Stars eight
week Great Decisions 1858" series crucial inerna
tional issues facing the American people
: !:
IN IN The series is presented in conjunction
NgS\\%I "a with the Decisions" discussion groups
II VS. n being conducted in this area by the For
tfS fHT M eign Policy Association and the Junior
\\(7IVNO III Chamber of Commerce
wv MIH Mr.. Mills edited 1.-THE ForreStal
W w Diaries and is the author of "Arms and
Men, Study of American Military History" He the
staff of the Fund for the Republic His article condensed
from the FPA publication, Headline Series"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
How to be dOub!y sure you
meet baby's nutritiOnaI needs!

xIou know how important pro-
/ teins are to your baby's good
health and growth Proteins build
body tissues: bone, muscle, skin,
hair, blood. They furnish energy,
build resistance to infection, too.
oTo help you be ttOice as sure
your baby gets the nutrients he
needs, Heinz has perfected High
Protein Cereal-a delicious new dish
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28

that's tIOice as rich in proteins as
regular baby cereals.
. Prepared from good things
like wheat germ, soybeans, oats and
milk, Heinz High Protein Cereal
has a nice nut-like flavor and a fluffy
texture. To make this tasty cereal
even more complete INTENTIONALLY,
Heinz adds extra vitamins and min
erals plus GctiUe iron.
o Iron deficiency is the most COM
mon nutritional deficiency in child
hood. Baby's body can't completely
utilize some types of iron found In for
tilted foods, but Heinz adds 0ctiUe iron
to all pre-cooked Cereals. It's a special
form of pure iron that is extra easy
for your baby to absorb.
Q Heinz offers 4 other Cereals
besides High Protein, so it's a cinch to
switch havors and surprise baby with
delicious new tastes. Choose from
Rice, Barley, Oatmeal, MIXED Cereals.
Diario las Américas., 1958-08-17
Notas SoGaIes

BESIDE ahora nos es grato enviar
nuestras mas caras felicitaciones al
precioso uino Luis Garcia, quie7
celebra a siata OCCASION de su cum
pleanos en- Ell dia de manana y lie
deseamos muchos amos mas de vi
da. para satisfaction y orgullo de
sus amantisimos abuelitos, senior
lgnacio Marquez y sonora, oJsefi-
ma de MARQUEE.
Diario las Américas., 1958-08-17
DOMINGO, II DE Aeosro DE 1858

con las p%rofesorash y ash podra CO
laborar COMO debe a la mejor
educacion de sus vastagos Los
ninos pueoen tomar ej lunch"
en- ell colegio, ~pudiendo luego re
cogerlos a las tres de la tarde,
bora en- que cesar las classes.
Diario las Américas., 1958-08-17

diquen, a Sus pequenos, y podra
tener el descanso spiritual de
que sus hiios seran edLcados poi
unas slmas abnegadas que han
entregadC SUI vida a esta clase
de labor LIE aconsejo que Sc
ponga en- frecuente coatacto
Diario las Américas., 1958-08-17
de Ia PAgina ~
Gumpleohos

Llesa nuy a un nuevo ano de su
allegro existencis la graciosa ninlta
Lucy Vidal hija del Coronel Pedro
n. Vidal Y sonora Lucy Won Spree
ken de Vidal motive por Ell cual
nos es gratu enViarle nuestras ca
rihosas felicItacIones y votos por.
que guce de largos y %venturosos
amos mas de vida
Diario las Américas., 1958-08-17
:.
lN%
viere de Ia pxs

- Viene de Ia PSg. -
no que por 10 visto no es Ell mis-
me que Ell suyo
LA EDUCACION DE LOS HIJOS
Querida Amaranta: AcabO de
llegar de Puerto Rico. TengO dos
hijOs, un6 de siete y OtrO de
ochO amos y quierO e~nviarlOs a
la escuela, pero no sc que hacer
nj en- que eScuela pOnerlOs. 70
soy cat6lica y deseo que mis- nj
nos vayan a una escuela adecua.
da. 70 traDajO hasta las dos de
la tarde. GPOdrfa listed aconse-
Diario las Américas., 1958-08-17
jarme sobre este problema?

jarme sobre este problema?
CLAUDINA
Su prOblema es muy facil de
resolver En- la mayoria de las
ciudades existen eseuelas parro-
quiaies, donde Sc educan los hi
jos de las familias catolicas en-
teramente gratis No me dice
donde Vive y por ESQ no puedo
decirle doode queda la escuela
a la que sus hijos les correspon-
de asistir pero 81 listed va a la
iglesia mas cercana de SUI casa.
ALI lie intormaran cumplidamen.
tie sobre este particular Lleve a
matricular a la escuela que lie in
Diario las Américas., 1958-08-17

BESIDE hace algunos iias Sc en-
cuentra tecruida en- ell Hospital Mt,
Sinai de Miami Beach la gentil da.
ma sonora Virginia TOrruella de
Green.
Lamentamos Ia novedad que lie
aqueja y le deseamos I'm pronto y
complete restablecimiento.
Diario las Américas., 1958-08-17

Vayan nuestras sinceras felicita-
clones para ell apreciado caballeru
sonora James A. Mccarthy Jr., con
motive de la grata celebration del
aniversariC de su natalicio en- ell
dia de hoy
Diario las Américas., 1958-08-17

A. VESTIDO DE SOL abotonado al frente, en- estampado de
rosas con bonlto efecto de corazon en- ell cuello. Azul
Mandarina.
3: VEST1DOS DE SOL con espalda de ziper, corbata atras, con
DOS ampllos bosillos. Estampado Florida, Rosa o Azul.
e. PlNAFORE CON ZIPER AL FRENTE, estampado de flores
fresco como la brisa. Naranja Florida o Rosa.
Sc Aceptan Ordenes TO- Correo q TeIefono lame r o oAa1t
Diario las Américas., 1958-08-17

o Una magnifica ,manera de pasar ell dia en- uno de estos
vestdos, para descanzar o trabaiar!
. Este algodon lavable, de facl cuidado, .tiene unos estampados
horales que los hace lucir mas carosl Tallas 1920 1415- 24k
Sc ACEPTAN ORDENES POR .CORREO O TELEFONO
LANE AL FIR 9-4311 E
flavor de Ahadir go imp. de venta)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-19

award-winning American,
Molly Parnis, Sally Victor
and possibly Nettie Rosen-
stein. All viii be present to
comment on their own fash
ions.
They will discuss among
other fashion topics of the
day, Have We Sacked the
Sack?"
The designers also will ex-
plain the meaning of today's
fashions. why they consider
them important and how they
influence the leading per-
sonalities who wear their de-
signs.
Victor and Parnis will
combine their efforts in CO.
ordinating costumes and hats.
Miss Victor may be able to
feature the hats chosen by