davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23
GREAT DECISIONS +. 1853
Middle East "A New Responsibility for Us?

Arabs without offending Israel,
the very effort to compromise has
engendered distrust in the Arab
world Of American consistency.
And in matters affecting Morocco
and, most of all, rebellious Algeria,
Arab leaders have found grounds
for the charge that the United
States is attempting to have the
cake and eat it too.
Russio's Goal
Russia has historically sought
a foothold in the Middle East.
The imperial Russia of the
18th and 10Th centuries never
seemed to tire of the effort to
break through to a warm-water
outlet to the Western seas. Tur-
keys control of the Dardanelles
was a major target of Russian
foreign policy-and military adj
venture-for generations. Today's
military realities minimize the
Importance of access for Russian
warships to the Mediterranean,
but other strategic considerations
make the Middle East no less i'm
portant to Russian policy in a
divided world.
Using Arab nationalism as its
point Of entry, Soviet policy has
already achieved major and prob
ably permanent gains in the Mid
die East. This is not to say that
the Arab nations, even Egypt and
Syria, are in themselves pro-Com.
munist. All available evidence in
dicates that they are not. But
they are, fervently, pro-Arab and
anti-colonial.
In pursuit of the pan-Arab
ideal, most Arab nationalist lead
ers are openly willing to accept
the support Of the Soviet Union.
Policy Foilures
Only an inveterate optimist
could say that American policy
toward the Middle East has been
successful. Every Arab nation ex-
cept Iraq has Stunned the Bagh-
dad pact-an American idea-and
Arab hostility to the pact runs so
high that the Jordan governments
move toward membership in 1855
precipitated widespread violence
and destruction.
Responsible Arab leaders ridi-
cule Western fears that the Arab
acceptance of Soviet aid indicates
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23

Soviet assimilation of the Middle
East. But the extension of Soviet
influence seems certain to be an
inevitable result of Russian econo-
mic and military aid.
And as that influence grows,
our responsibility for keeping the
Middle East out of the Commu-
mist camp will become increasing
ly difficult to discharge.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23

ment group" DR.. Martin states
that "the typical Federal executive
in the middle ranks does not APP
pear to possess to a marked degree
a strong sense Of self-identity."
HE wants to be many things,
but the means are not there: he
sees reality and 1t doesn't quite
fit with his conception Of himself.
The solidarity Of the group and
the family is the only haven. But
he ends up being not quite sure"
There's Hostility, Too
But at the same time, DR..
Martin warns, the Federal execu-
tive tends to be q somewhat
hostile individual"
Because he is apt to be frus-
trated and not sure Of his own
long-range goals, he tends TO
strike out. His self-control is not
strong. H. finds. however. that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23
BY FRED I'll IOUX
Star star Writer

The question mark after this
weeks Decisions, 1858" topic need
not be there. The Middle East is
definitely a responsibility Of the
United States, unless this Nation
is able or willing to abandon its
unSought role as the leader of the
on-Communist world in the
global power struggle with the
Communist bloc.
That fact is accepted by the
official policy Of the United States.
Both by our leading role in the
formation Of the Baghdad Pact,
and later in the adoption by
Congress Of the so-called "Eisen-
hover Doctrine, /" the United States
has let it be known that the future
Of the Middle East is a matter Of
primary concern.
Up to World War /, the slowly
decaying Ottoman Empire held
sway over what we call the Arab
world. But Arabs were not Turks,
and the common bond of Islam
was no more enough to unite them
than has the common bond of
Christianity been enough to unite
the nations Of Europe. When the
strains Of participation in World
War I on the side of the Central
Powers ripped still more the fabric
Of the Ottoman Empire, the Arabs
seized their opportunity.
The motivation that cast the
Arab princes and sheiks into the
Allied camp between 1914 and
1918 was Arab nationalism. 1t was
the conviction that the Arab
peoples were one, and that their
manifest destiny was self-deter-
mination.
Wind and WhirIwind
The quite cynical cooling of
Allied support for Arab nationalist
aims after World War I was, in
effect, the sowing of the wind.
Today the Western world may be
reaping the whirlwind with pres
ent velocities possibly gentle
zephyrs compared to what is COM
ing.
T. E. Lawrence, the Lawrence
OF Arabia" who spearheaded Brit
aims shrewd and largely successful
effort to separate the Arab princes
from Turkey in World War 1,
chose to spend his life in obscur-
ity as an Raj enlisted man in
protest at London's cautious. half
hearted fulfillment Of wartime
pledges. France and Britain, shar-
ing mandates" over the Arab
lands that Lawrence had pledged
would be freed. faced armed revolt
In Damascus. the capital of Syria
Va the wake of disclosures that a
secret 1916 accord between Britain
and France had "split UP" the
Middle East into spheres-of-influ-
ence.
Unfortunately today, the United
states, despite its own traditional
aloofness from such territorial
deals, inherits the onus attaching
ITO Britain and France in the minis
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
LOCAL NEGRO AMERICAN LEGION
POST PLANNING VIGOROUS
Defense AGAINST CUSTER
PROCEEDINGS INSTIGATED
BY STATE BODY
See Case Causing Widespread
Repercussions Among Legionnaires
See Strong Backing For Negro Post

The national spotlight may again
be focused on Mississippi's rigid
and unmovable prosegregation atti-
tude on March End, the day when
the Local Negro American Legion
Post has been ordered to appear
before the State body to show why
its charter should not be revoked
allegedly because of "un-American
Activities" of the Post Commander,
Albert Powell, growing out of his
activities as a member of the local
. Branch of the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored
People.
The local Negro post, composed
of some seventy -ouu members, is
planning to make a vigorous de-
tense of its right to keep its Char
ter, and last week there were signs
that it will have strong backing.
In letters made public last week,
John D. Silvera, Past Commander
of Jesse Palmer Post No. 1868, of
New York City, one of the largest
post in the country, revealed that
he had come to the defense of the
local Negro Post by going directly
to John S. Gleason, Jr., the Ma
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
NEGRO ORGANIZATION IN SOUTH
AFRICA Seen AS WEAK AND
CONFUSED BUT SLOWLY GAINING
In STRENGTH AND PURPOSE
Government Steadily Increases
Emphasis On White Supremacy
And Strict Racial Segregation
See Troubled Times Ahead for Nation
See Troubled Times Ahead for Nation

johannesburg, South Africa, Feb.
18-The African nationalist move
ment is weak and confused in
South Africa today. But it is slowly
gaining in strength and purpose.
1--WE could bring this country to
its knees in six months" one of
the moderates in the African Ma
tional organization, said recently.
"But if we tried, we in the middle
of the road would be the first to
60"
The first part of his remark was
probably an overstatement. The
African National Congress has
never been able to stage a success
full nationwide demonstration. It's
best, bus boycott, in 1857, was
begun by outsiders and was effec-
tive only in three major centers.
But the second part of his obser-
walton reflected a common feeling
among the older and more restrain
ed Congress leaders. They sense
growing radicalism among
younger members, and they ques-
ton their own ability to control it
under pressure.
Continued on Page Five)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
Three Children
Die In Fire

West Point Feb. II - Three
Negro children burned to death in
their locked tenant farm home
near here.
Funeral home attendants identi-
fled the dead as sisters Lois
Jones, 7, and Daisye Jones, 5, and
their brother, Willie Lee Jones
Jr., 2.
Firemen said the fire occurred
while the children's mother, Mary
Jones, left the house to pick up
their father, a night shift employee
at a boiler factory.
The blaze was discovered by
neighbors who were unable to ex-
tinguish the flames or rescue the
victims.
Firemen were able to save 9TH
er tenant house nearby.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
Chicago Negro
Home Bombed

Chicago (AP)-Windows were
shattered, but no injuries were re-
ported last night after a home
made bomb exploded near the home
of two Negro families who recent
ly moved to a predominantly white
block.
Police 1t. Patrick Kelly said it
was the third instance of violence
at the building, situated on the
city's South Side.
There is no indication that these
incidents are racially inspired"
Kelly said. at may be young
pranksters."
Police guards have been posted
at the building since September
when tie owner, Nathan Freeman,
and his family moved in.
Continued on Page Eight
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
Negro Copter
Pilot Hired By
Tulsa Firm

Tulsa, Okla. Feb. II - One of
three known commercially employ
ed Negro helicopter pilots in the
United States is presently engaged
by the Allied Helicopter service
here in Tulsa.
Bill Hollomon, native of st.
Louis, Mo-, came to the Oil Capital
from Los Angeles Sunday. A vet
eran of both the U. S. Air Force
and Army, Hollomon was contact
ed in California by Roy B. David,
-eo-owner of the Tulsa Helicopter
firm, to work for Allied.
Allied handles such jobs as spray
ing crops, electrical power line pa
troll, fighting forest fires, pipe
line patrol and oil exploration. Ac-
Continued on Page Five)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
Khan To Rally
Again Says
Grand kIaxon

Marion, s. C. Feb. IL - The
Rev. James w. (Catfish) Cole,
self-styled Carolinas Khan leader,
plans to hold Saturday night the
first big Khan meeting in North
Carolina since Indians scattered his
group.
But Cole said the gathering at
Burlington, N. c., will be converted
into . nondenominational evange-
listic meeting and the participants
will wear street clothes instead OF
Khan outfits.
Cole said he is filing protest
for his treatment by North Caro-
Continued on Page Eight
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
Negro Minister Tells Of Communist
Goal For Southern Negroes

Greensboro, Feb. IA Negro
minister testified in federal court
here Friday that Communist Party
workers were taught that Negroes
in a wide area of the South were
q Nation within q nation"
Obadiah Jones Of st. Louis testi-
fled as a government witness as
the Smith Act trial of Junius /.
Scales, former Cardinals Commun-
list leader, ended its second week in
U. s. district. court.
Scales is on trial for the second
time on q charge Of violating the
Smith Acts membership" clause
which forbids knowingly belonging
to an organization which advocates
the violent overthrow Of the federal
government.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
Haiti Future
Depending On
Avoiding More
Political Trouble
Nations Economy
Seen Now At
Very Low Ebb

Port-Au-Prince, Haiti, Feb. T
Haiti seems geared economically
just about as low as a country
can be. She might rise rapidly if
she could avert more political
trouble, adhere to avowed policies
of honesty and entice outside in
vestment.
Only a fourth of the 100000
persons aged ID to IS are employ
ed, according to Jules Blanchet,
president of the watchdog Superior
Court of Accounts. Some observers
think his estimate is too high. Un-
skilled workers get 81 day, skill
ed workers 81 to S..
For the $3,400,0OO inhabitants,
the gross national product for the
Continued on Page Six
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
Bill Seeks Records
III State NAAcP

A bill designed to make the Ma
tional Association for the Avance-
ment Of Colored People file a list
Of it's officers and members with
the secretary Of state was intro
Quoted in the Senate Tuesday by
26 members.
It would apply to all "fraternal,
patriotic, charitable, benevolent,
literary, scientific, athletic, mill
tary or social organizations" except
churches and the National Guard.
But Sen. George Yarbrough Of
Red Banks, who drafted the bill,
said "It is intended for the
NAACP."
"Of course, it also would take in
your Citizens Councils and other
groups" Yarbrough said. ut is q
copy Of the Louisiana law"
Yarbrough said it was intended
to make known all members and
officers Of the NAACP in Missis-
sippi.
The organizations named would
be required to file complete and
CONTINUED on Page Four)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
New Orleans
Schools Lose
In Three Pleas

New Orleans, Feb. IA federal
appeals court put another dent in
Louisiana's armour against deseg-
regation Thursday with three de-
cisions affecting New Orleans pub
lie schools, Louisiana State Uni
versity and facilities at city park.
The three-man Fifth Circuit
Court Of Appeals handed down sep
arate decisions on the issues. In
the opinions, signed by Judges Hut
cheson, Tuttle and Jones, the court:
l. FOR THE second time upheld
. lower court decision ordering New
Orleans to desegregate its public
CONTINUED on Page Six)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
Southern Univ. Budget S4,583,117

our Boards. sensing that nothing
should be spared in giving our
teachers and students the amount
and quality of Institutional equip
ment demanded by these up to the
minute times. Nothing should be
held back now, when the very Sc
curity of the United States and the
free world are at stake" He con-
tinued, THAT Negro scientists, en-
gineers, research workers, human
lists and soldiers are increasingly
becoming a part of our national
defense structure makes the high
est and best education of all MEM
bers of the group a practical ne
cessity."
First call on the funds that South
ern hopes to receive, will be for
additional teachers including 20
who will be brought in at a pro-
Continued on Page Two)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
Negro Minister Is
Elected President
OF Protestant
Council OF
New York City
Rev. Gardner C.
Taylor Is First
To Hold Post

New York, Feb. 15-The Protes-
tant Council of the City of New
York last night elected the Rev. DR..
Gardner Calvin Taylor as its pres
ident. He is the first Baptist, the
first Negro and the youngest man
to hold the office.
The election came at the 14th
General Assembly of the council,
tie official agency for cooperative
work of LOO churches Of 81 Pro-
testant denominations. 1t was held
in the Rutgers Presbyterian Ch.,
236 West Seventy-third st.
Continued on Page Five)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22

Baton Rouge. La Feb.~17.---The
Louisiana State Board of Educa-
ton has approved a budget request
of $4,583, 11700 for Southern Uni
versity and A & NJ College, for
the session of 1958-1959, according
to a report from the President of
the University.
Stated Southern's President, DIR.
FELTON, G. Clark, eve are. appre-
ciative of Boards recognition of
our problem as the country's larg-
est college of our group, trying
to procure additional, highly quail
fled teachers at time when train
ed personnel is scarce and where
we are competing with Americas
industrial giants and Americas
greatest Universities for the best
Negro minds to be found any
where"
He added, eve also appreciate
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22

Jones said that at a Communist
school he attended at st. Louis in
1947 comrades were taught that
the Communist Party Should lead
Negroes to self-determination" and
to their "rightful place as a ma
ton"
He said the school taught that
Negroes had been kept landless and
powerless by U. s. "reactionaries"
and that during World War II
Capitalists" in the U. s. were
afraid to put guns in the hands Of
Negroes drafted in the Army.
An earlier government witness,
Mrs. Barbara Hartle of Evans,
Wash, had testified that the party
taught that Negroes in an area
CONTINUED on Page Five)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
Aged Blind
Woman And
Grand mother
Burned To Death

Tupelo, Miss, Feb. 17-An aged
blind Negro woman and her g.
year-old great-granddaughter were
burned to death Monday when
flames erupted from an open CRATE
fire in their home.
Firemen said Carrie Young, 70,
threw kerosene focal oily on the
flames, apparently to gain more
warmth in the bitter cold weather.
The flames erupted and enveloped
her and young Barbara Ann Jack
son.
A neighbor, Elma Wells, rescued
three other children in the house.
The deaths were the 18th and 18th
in the state from fires since Thurs
day.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
Little Rock
Stud lent Expelled

Little Rock, Feb. II (AP) The
Little Rock School Board decided
tonight to expel Minniejean Brown
from integrated Central High
School for the remainder of this
term.
The move was recommended by
school Supt. Virgil T. Blossom.
The Negro girl claims size has
been a main target of segregation
list students during her five months
CONTINUED on Page Eighty
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
Little Rock School
Suspends 8 Whites

Little Rock, Feb. II - Three
white students were suspended
from Central High School Mon
day. Two were involved in circulat-
ing cards against Indignation.
The cards about the size of a
billfold Identification insert, bore
the phrase, Zone down eight
to CO."
The words refer to tire suspen-
sion of Minnie Jean Brown, one
of the nine Negro students, VINO
has been suspended for the Sec
ond time this school year and
who also has been recommended
for expulsion or permanent sus-
Continued on Page Five)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
Two Dead In
GreenviIIe Fire

Greenville, Miss.-Fires claimed
the lives of a 1-year-old Negro in
FAINT here Thursday night and 73-
year-old Negro Woman at nearby
Benoit Friday.
Joyce Ann Cotton l, burned to
death when fire destroyed the
home of her parents at 523 South
Kinds street shortly before z p. m.
Four other children in the home
escaped to safety.
Mary Smith 70, died of asphyxia-
ton and three Negro children were
hospitalized when Fred billiards.
home in Beniot's east end was
swept by flames at $3.50 a. m.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
Negro Named
moderator0 OF
Presbytery In
New Jersey
Rev. c.. L. MCGEE Is
First of Race To
Hold The Top
Administrative Post

Newark, Feb. II - The Presby-
terry of Newark has elected the
Rev. C. Lincoln MCGEE of Mont
clair as its moderator. He is TIE
first Negro to hold the top ad-
ministrative post.
Mr.. MCGEE, who is pastor of
the Trinity Presbyterian Church,
was chosen yesterday at meeting
of the presbytery in the Second
Church, Newark. He succeeds the
Rev. DR.. Lloyd Ellis Foster, pastor
of the Old First Church, Newark.
Mr.. MCGEE, 48 years old, is a
Continued on Page Six
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22

ership of the United Federal party
yesterday. He plans to give up
his Prime Ministership later. He
had attempted to lead Southern
Rhodesia toward a moderate racial
policy in contrast with the Apar-
theid (racial segregation policy
of neighboring South Africa.
The newly elected United Federal
party leader is Sir Edgar White
head, the Rhodesian Federation
representative in Washington. He
is to leave Washington for Sails
bury tomorrow.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR NAMED
IN P. c. G. c. REGIONAL OFFICE

Washington, D. C.-The appoint
ment of Percy H. Williams of Chi
cago as assistant director Of the
Midwest Regional Office Of the
Presidents Committee on Govern
ment Contracts has been announced
in Chicago by Margaret Clarity,
Regional Director. The Midwest
Regional Office Of the Committee
covers the states Of Illinois, Indi-
ana, Michigan and Wisconsin. The
office is at los West Adams Street,
Chicago.
Before joining the staff Of the
Presidents Committee, Mr.. Will
liams was Director Of Job Oppor-
Continued on Page Seven)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
S0UTH'S RACE STAND TOLD IN
new YORK newspaper ADS

prominently in the full-page ad la
beled "The Position of the South
on Race Relations"
The advertisement was directed
to the people Of New York City"
and asked for sympathetic con-
sideration in the North" toward
Southern segregation views.
Recent tragic events" the ad
said, "in the integrated schools of
Washington, d. c., Kansas City,
Little Rock, and your own New
York City, suggest that an ac-
curate presentation of the views
OF Southern people on the race
question might receive sympathet-
ic consideration in the North and
Continued on Page Eighty
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
SEE SOUTH AFRICA RACE POLICY
SPREADING TO CENTRAL AFRICA

Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia,
Feb. 9 (Reuters) - An African
leader warned today that the GUS
ter of Prime Minister Garfield
Todd meant that South Africa's
racial segregation policy would
spread to central Africa.
Wellington Chirwa, a member of
the Nyasaland African Federal
Parliament, said the news that Mr.
Todd had been thrown out" had
shocked all African and liberal
Europeans in the Federation of
Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
Mr.. Todd was removed from lead
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
Political Tension
Seen Gripping
Africans OF
North Rhodesia
Strikes And BOycOtts
Seen If Africans
Fail To Obtain
Constitutional
Reforms

Lusaka, Northern Rhodesia, Feb.
14-Clouds of political tension are
rolling over the warm, flat plains
of Northern Rhodesia.
Government officials, white poll
ticians and leaders of the African
Nationalist Movement agree that
this British colony is likely to ex-
perience political agitation and un-
rest within the next two years.
The feeling is general that a
campaign Of strikes, boycotts and
demonstrations by Africans can be
avoided only if the Africans receive
substantial concessions in current
Continued on Page Eight
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
Negro Man, White Woman Arrested
For Unlawful Capitalization

Laurel, Miss, Feb. Ia - Jones
County Sheriff Fred Walters said
he arrested a 46-year-old Negro
and a 36-year-old white woman to-
day and charged them with unlaw-
full rehabilitation.
Capitalization between the races
in Mississippi carries a maximum
penalty of 10 years in state prison.
Walters said he led the raid early
today on a warrant signed by the
woman's husband. He said he found
the Negro and the white woman
asleep in the Negroes bed.
Walters declined to identify
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22
SEE SETBACK FOR LIBERALISM
IN BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA

issue of African advancement.
Mr.. Todd was ousted from the
leadership of his United Federal
Party Feb. 8 at a meeting to which
newspapermen were not admitted.
Thus, Mr.. Todd, whose back
ground as a missionary made him
ever suspect among some of the
more hardboiled political circles in
central Africa, has learned the Bit
ter lesson of all white politicians
dependent on white celebrates in
multiracial African countries who
Continued on Page Five)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1958-02-22

New York (AP) - A $4,000 ad-
vertisement in a morning newspa-
per yesterday took what a Lou
isiana segregation leader called the
South's cease to the Northern court
of public opinion"
The advertisement appeared in
the New York Herald Tribune
bearing the seal of the State of
Louisiana. 1t was placed by Sen.
William M. Rainach, of Homer,
La, chairman of the Joint Legis-
lative Committee on Segregation
which sponsored the ad.
Rainach spent three days here
to place TIE ad. His name and
those of the 10 other members of
the committee were displayed