davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1958-07-02
RIGHT to Counsel

The Supreme Court seems to have
disposed Of one objection which has
been advanced by critics Of the pending
Mallory legislation.
This Mallory bill provides that the
police must inform suspect that he
need not answer any questions. Once
this warning has been given, however,
a delay in arraignment, standing alone,
would not serve to invalidate a voIun,
tary confession. The effect Of the bill.
II passed, would be to modify and clarity
the Supreme Courts earlier ruling in the
Andrew Mallory rape case.
Some Of the critics contend. how
ever, that the legislation would deprive
suspect Of what they call his constitu-
tional right to counsel, and that there
fore the courts would strike it down.
In two decisions this week, the
Supreme Court cast considerable doubt
on this theory. TO be sure, the court
was ruling on criminal convictions COM
Ing up from the States, as distin-
guished from cases governed by the
Federal rules Of criminal procedure. But
the constitutional principles announced
would seem to be essentially the same in
either situation.
The court said there is no fixed
constitutional right to counsel at the
time a suspect is being questioned by
police. The matter depends upon the
circumstances of each case. And the
controlling principle appears to be that
a suspects demand for lawyer may be
denied unless the suspects position, as
result of the denial, would be $50
prejudiced thereby as to infect his sub
sequent trial with an absence of that
fundamental fairness essential to the
very concept Of Justice"
What it all boils down to is that
there is conflict, which the court rec
ognizes. between the rights of suspect
In criminal case and the right of So
ciety to adequate protection from GRIM
1nal activities. And the majority of the
court (it is divided S to ~ is not willing
to resolve that conflict by raising the
rights, or the alleged rights, of suspect
to level which would bury the rights
of the public.
Evening star., 1958-07-02
Penal Powder Keo'

Testimony before a House Appro-
priattonS subcommittee has confirmed
reports OF dangerous overcrowding at
District penal institutions Powder keg"
conditions arise when hardened prison.
erS work and sleep in proximity to
one another--as they do now in local
prisons. Against this possibly explosive
background the request of District off,
cialS for $850,O0O with which to relieve
jail and prison congestion seems ex-
tremely moderate.
The Karrick committee last year
studied the correctional situation and
found it bad. The committee especially
stressed the need for more dormitory
facilities at the Lorton Reformatory,
where beds are crowded together in a
way that tends to create problems of
safety, health and morals. What the
District really needs, of course, is a
larger, more modern prison plant for
men and women. However. the commit
tee felt that the city could not at this
time afford such costly penal improve
mentS Instead, the group recommended
a number of remedial measures, includ-
Ing increased use OF parole and probation
for minor offenders and an effective
program of rehabilitation for drunks.
Minor offenders, including the large
number Of drunkS, have contributed
heavily to the overpopulation problem.
The provisions in the District
budget, therefore, for additional dormi-
tory facilities and for expansion of the
city's parole, probation and alcoholic
rehabilitation programs are justified.
The proposals would reduce the number
of prisoners sent to penal institutions,
while providing deserving ones with a
chance to become useful members of
society. And the new dormitories would
ease the worries of harasSed guards, who
live in fear of outbreaks similar to those
which have occurred in a number of
prisons elsewhere. The urgency Of the
requested appropriations is self-evident.
Evening star., 1958-07-02
Showdown Near

The fight is now fast and
furious. Literally thousands
Of humane people are writing
to Senators to stop cruel
slaughtering methods. The
moneyed minority of meat
packers are trying to shelve
the humane slaughter bill
again. on the same pretext:
that lit needs two more years
of study"
Will the Senators let them
get away with it again, when
it comes to the Senate vote?
More people are learning of
cruel slaughter and If the bill
to stop it is not passed now.
the deluge Of letters etc. will
be steadily increasing, until
the bill is finally passed.
(Senators please note). But in
the meantime the cruelty will
continue. Lee Arthur.
Evening star., 1958-07-02
Insurance Pie

Congratulations to The
Star and to Charles Hoffman,
in particular. for the articles
on the Maryland insurance
pie.
We need more courageous
reporting of this type, and
! find it especially noteworthy
and commendable that The
Star did the necessary
digging for the facts and ap-
parently originated the ideas
behind it.
Readers get weary Of the
routine releases and advertis-
uncontrolled copy.
Let's have more significant
stories of this type. particu-
larly concerning Maryland
State politics and especially
Prince Georges County.
Marjorie Huxley Silver.
Evening star., 1958-07-02
Birth Of a State

The definition of continental
United States" has taken on significant
new meaning this week with enactment
of legislation admitting Alaska as the
10th State in the Union. Geograph-
ically, it extends for the first time the
boundaries of this unique partnership
beyond the Arctic Circle and beyond the
l80th Meridian that separates the East
ern and Western HemisphereS. It adds
to the continental area another 586, 400
square miles of land and inland waters
increasing by approximately 20 per
cent the size Of the United States. 1t
brings into the Union proper great
natural resources, some not yet fully
measured, and an added population Of
about 100000 civilian residents.
There is, however, a deeper and
more prideful significance in this his
toric action. 1t was in 1867 that Alaska
was purchased from CzariSt Russia and
1t was in 1912 that it became an Organ
ized Territory of the United States. It's
evolution. politically and economically,
got of to slow start, but it has steadily
increased in pace since the 1930s. In
recent years. both major political par
ties Endorsed statehood for the Territory
and the Alaskans themselves have DEM
Onstrated the now unquestionable quail
iflcationS for full citizenship in the
Union. 1t will be to the everlasting
credit of the 85th Congress that it rose
above the temporizing of the past and
cleared the way for the new State.
And there are many others to whom a
share of the credit is due But at the
moment it is enough to welcome Alaska
into this indisSoluble Union.
Evening star., 1958-07-02
Parking Signs

Just a few words on GER
tain no-parking signs, with
a suggestion for their i'm
provement so as to reduce
the risk of misinterpretation
by the driver.
On K street. in the North
west section. which is q very
busy thoroughfare, west of
Eighteenth street, on the
north side Of the street, there
is o variety of no-parking
signs. Some of them are the
strict mo Parking at Any
Time" signs, which to the
motorist who can read can
have only one meaning. Some
are BUS Stop, No Parking"
signs. which he can also un-
ambiguously understand. But
there is a variety of signs.
actually a double sign: the
lower half" reads mo Park
ing, $3.50 am. to 400 pm;
the upper half says mo
Standing, 400 to $50 pm"
The other evening, at
about 5, I drove up to one
of these double signs, and
looking at the bottom half,
which says "No Parking, $3.50
am. to 400 p.m.." took it to
mean that parking after 400
pm. was permissible. This is
in accord with the general
principle that motorists ap-
ply many times every day.
that where parking is not
expressly prohibited, the
driver is at perfect liberty to
park. I left my car there with
a feeling of relief Il was in
a hurry, but when I re-
turned several hours later,
with not quite the same feel
ing found a parking viola
ton ticket on the wind
shield.
Now I know that I should
have carefully perused the
mo Standing" sign immedi-
ately above. and carefully
weighed its significance in
the vagaries of my thought.
But the point wish to make
is that although / may have
been technically guilty, the
real guilt is with those who
designed the sign. Parking
signs should be composed not
to trap stupid or unwary
motorists, or play tricks on
them, but to make the intent
of the traffic engineers crys-
tai clear. If only the mo
Parking" sign had read mo
Parking, $50 am. to $50
pm.," not $3.50 am. to 400
pm" I would not have mis-
interpreted the intent of the
engineers. They could have
left the mo Standing" half
as it is, or possibly changed
it to mo Car Standing" to
remove any trace of .ambi-
guilty.
Somebody, the Trafiic and
Vehicle Division, the Police
Department, etc. should re-
turn my fine. With an apol-
ogy, to boot. And. more i'm
portantly, they should rede-
sign these signs.
L. NJ. Court.
Evening star., 1958-07-02
Crime Witnesses

I think it is disgusting and
revolving that people who
witness a crime in Maryland
can be and are held in jail
for months If they cannot
raise the bail to assure their
appearance in court. 1
couldn't believe it when ]
read it. In fact. it strikes
me as more shocking than
all the fuss made about the
Adams case. j. d.
Evening star., 1958-07-02
Promise in Geneva

After having blown confusingly hot
and cold on the matter, the Kremlin
now appears to be firmly committed to
the idea Of participating seriously in
the eight-nation meeting that has just
begun in Geneva to study technical
ways and means Of monitoring an inter-
national ban on nuclear testing. At any
rate, good sign in that respect is the
fact that the Soviet delegation is headed
by one Of RuSSia's most distinguished
scientists, man greatly respected by
his counterpartS in the West.
This man is Dr. Yevgeni K. Fedorov,
and he has made clear-after a friendly
and effective" two-hour conference
with DR.. James B. Fisk chief of the
American delegation in Geneva-that he
and his group, which includes experts
from Poland, Romania and CzechoSlo-
vakia, intend to limit themselves solely
to technical and scientific matters at
the current meeting. Thus, together
with DR.. Fisk, he has emphasized that
the meetings deliberations will be con-
fined exclusively to the diff1cult problem
of figuring out the kind of policing ma
chinery (mobile observation posts and
the like) that will be needed to insure
adequately against the danger that a
testing suspension or limitation might be
violated or evaded through clandestine
underground explosions Of
a sort that could easily be confused with
natural earth shocks unless subject to
the careful check of trustworthy in
Spection system.
Significantly enough, DR.. Fedorov,
like DR.. Fisk and other members of the
Western delegation canadian, French
and British, has stated it as his per-
Sonal conviction that such system can
be worked out. In any case, he has
stressed that he and his associates from
behind the Iron Curtain feel certain
that lit will be possible to find common
language with our colleagues of the
United States and other nations" and
that the technical discussions in Geneva
will help our governments to take
measures to decrease tension and con-
tribute to a durable and lasting peace
which all of us are working for" These
are encouraging words. They suggest,
first of all, that he and his group really
intend to deal with the problem in a
strictly nonpolitical manner, without
resort to propaganda. They suggest, too,
that the meeting may actually produce
an effective policing plan in which
everybody could have confidence.
OF course, at any moment, DR.. Fed
orov may be instructed by Moscow to
start singing another, less promising
tune. But it is encouraging to think
that his initial remarks mean that the
Kremlin itself is genuinely anxious to
prepare the way, on solid scientific
foundations. for mutually acceptable
political agreement on nuclear teStS-an
agreement that might include provisions
for supervised continuation of deto-
nations that could promote the peaceful
progress of mankind Certainly, If the
Soviet leaders are ready for honest CO.
Evening star., 1958-07-02
Sales Plot

What has become of good
taste in our culture? Is
propriety obsolete?
l was shocked recently by
the extreme lack of good
taste of a local cemetery. A
woman knocked on my door,
saying she was taking a
survey" and then proceeded
to ask questions about our
family-our name, how many
in our family, if we owned
cemetery plots. When l finally
protested that / didn't care to
discuss our personal affairs,
she replied, well, just "
me ask-what would you have
done If you'd needed a GEM
etery plot last Saturday."
/ feel deeply for those re-
Gently bereaved or with sick
loved ones who've been sub
jected to this unseemly adver-
tising. This, as any person of
good taste viii recognize, is
as unthinkable as would be
undertakers or doctors solicit
ing business door-to-door.
This thinly disguised "sur-
Vey" is nothing more than
Grass money-grubbing even
unto the grave.
Dolores Alien.
Evening star., 1958-07-02
THIS AND, THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

understand them without be-
ing either one or the other. :
This is because the chain
OF life is really something
more than a phrase. It con.
trolls all Of us, and the more
human beings there are in
the world, the closer we get to
the worst side of the animals:
This comes about, we think,
because of the infinite variety
Of brains brought into the
world by the process.
Every nation manages q
certain civilization, a. we
laughingly cali 1t, in which
all types are more or less
alike for q time.
When breeding goes out Of
control, this natural Selec+
ton, as Darwin didn't call
it. fails to work any longer.
The mavericks, in other
words, increase and tend TO
take over.
Thus we have awful crimes
by little children, crimes by
middle-aged people, and
crimes by the old.
The criminal in all Of US
Is given free play. and we
have the universal spectacle
Of streets on which people
are afraid to walk after dark,
and schools to which decent
boys and girls are afraid to
go.
In this state of affairs.
the turtles and the butter
flies help keep the balance
sane.
They act according to the
old ways. the decent old ami
NAL ways. a species of intelE
ligence in itself, that comes
into their minds they know
NOT how and keeps them on
the right track. c ,
Hence the sight of the old
box turtle coming back to the
old stand after six months
away is an enheartening one.
The picture of the wonder
ful golden butterflies re-
spending to the call Of spring
is better than Tennysons
photo-flash Of the millions
of daffodils dancing in the
breeze.
As long as we trust to tur-
ties and butterflies, COWS,
dogs, cats. nice hyenas and
lovely armadillos, we are safe.
What wiz happen to us
when we put all trust In hui
man fourflushers?
Evening star., 1958-07-02
YISTAS IN SCIENCE
BY THOMAS R. HENRY
Nature Protects Polar Creatures

Antarctic seas contain an
abundant and powerful anti
biotic which apparently
protects the birds. ilsh and
mammals Of the Far South
from all bacterial diseases.
This has Just been reported
to the American Institute Of
Biological Sciences here by
DR.. John Mcneil Siehurth of
Virginia Polytechnic Institute
who. as q representative Of
the institute, accompanied
the 1857 Antarctic expedition
of the Argentine Navy
part Of the international
Geophysical Year program.
The fact that the Antarctic
regions are essentially free Of
disease long has been OBJ
served. A common cold, so far
as known. never has been re-
ported south Of the Antarctic
Circle. Sick bays on ships are
almost deserted. except for
accident victims, for a few
months. But as soon as the
circle is crossed again COM
ing north everybody starts
coughing and sneezing and
often there are q few cases
OF pneumonia.
Exported Animals Die
Efforts to bring back seals
and penguins almost always
fail. No matter how carefully
protected. the animals usu-
ally succumb to disease before
reaching the United States,
or a few days later. This, it
has been speculated, is due
to the fact that the Ant
arctic region is germ-free and
the creatures have never de-
veloped any resistance. They
are victims Of the first "bug"
that hits them, which prob
ably would have no effect at
all on a temperate zone
organism.
No human baby ever has
been born south Of the circle.
1t has been freely speculated
that If this ever happens the
child never can be brought
back to civilization alive
or certainly will be dead very
shortly after getting here.
DR.. Sieburth got his first
clue from a gentoo penguin
captured near the Argentine
Almirante Brown base on the
west coast Of the Palmer
Peninsula. The food of the
gentoos, he had observed,
was entirely euphausian
shrimps. These shrimp are
the most abundant form of
Antarctic life. They color red
square miles of sea surface
and even ice pack.
No germs Of any kind could
be found in the penguin.
He turned to the shrimp. AS
he tells 1t in his report:
DiSsected shrimp indi-
Gated that the antibacterial
activity was located in their
bright green phytoplankton
laden stomachs. (Phytoplank-
ton are the invisibly minute
plants which are found in
countless billions in surface
watersOf the seas.) Sea water
phytophnkton samples taken
at the various Argentine
photographic stations on the
trip into the Weddell Sea
indicated q marked anti
Evening star., 1958-07-02
Questions and Answers
By THE HASKIN SERVICE

@. How many square feet
OF siding will a gallon Of paint
COVERT. w.
A. Although paints vary IN
eoverage. with most paints a
gallon will cover about 500
square feet. If the surface Is
unusually rough or heavily
textured. or dry and porous.
20 per cent more paint may
be required. Narrow lap sid
ing takes some 10 per cent
more paint than wide siding.
Evening star., 1958-07-02
Not Good Enouoh'

ADAMS erred, SAID Know
land. Adams made a mistake
in judgment, say many. The
President says he needs
Adams. In this case may we
not conclude that the admis-
sion Of need carries with it
the admission Of inadequacy,
a condition which many
Americans had realized much
earlier.
If Sherman Adams can
make a series Of mistakes in
judgment that resulted in al
lowing him to enjoy certain
luxurieS for which he did not
write checks, how good is
that judgment fop the coun-
try at large in advising an
inadequate President in prob
lens in the national and in
ternational fields in these
very serious times?
How good Is. his judgment
in selecting persons for the
President to appoint to posi-
tionS Of great Importance?
Many would say, it is not
good enough. Yet Adams, be-
cause of his part in selecting
these key figures, is actually
in control of a clique that
may determine the destiny
OF our country.
When Adams appeared be-
fore the House Legislative
Oversight subcommittee after
six of his ''indiscretiQns" had
been pin-pointed in wide
publicity, he and his friends
stressed the idea he was ap-
pearing of "his 9 own free
will" Adams made his ap-
pearance. but how good was
his judgment in offering
f1imsy excuses to questions
put to him courteously by
members Of the subcommit-
tee? :. He did not know
this" and was not aware
of that"
Mr.. Adams early career
had not conditioned him to
either power or affluence, any
more than had Mr.. Eisen-
hower's. Eisenhower owes his
advancement to one man,
President Truman; and Ad-
ans owes his advancement
to one man, President EiSen-
hover. In the Adams case
the original appointment was
classed as q political payoff
10 q governor.
Adams does not seem to
care for personal popularity.
He likes to make decisions
and is a tireless worker. It is
no secret that Eisenhower is
not a mental type. His read
ing and indoor relaxations
are mainly those that appeal
to adolescentS. But these two
men have shown themselves
in Washington to be alike in
two points: both love power
and perquiSites. Eisenhower
is a f1gure-head on whom.
honors and position have
been thrust under q miScon-
ception of his ability as a
general. He reacts to adula-
tion as students Of human
nature would expect him to
react. But Adams remains an
enigma.
Quincy E. Demarest.
Evening star., 1958-07-02
Exclusive Fourth

ing by those in high public
Office, and of using the Gov
ernment for personal privi-
lege, it is consistent that the
traditional Fourth Of July
fireworks display for the pub
lie will be removed from the
highly appropriate Washing
ton Monument Grounds in
order that a private showing
might be arranged for ad-
ministration big wigs and
their friends who will occupy
the reserved seats at the
Watergate outdoor theater for
this restricted viewing of the
spectacle this year honoring
their old wheel-horse, Theo-
dore Roosevelt.
OF course, the public, in
cluding the thousands of Wis
itors who will be in town ex-
pecting to take part in the
celebration of Independence
Day, have been thrown a few
crumbs by having been told
that some of them may be
able to view the fireworks,
! too. if they are fortunate
enough to be able to crowd
themselves into the narrow
strip along the banks of the
Potomac between Twenty
third street and Virginia ave-
nue-or If they can manage
to hang over the railing on
Memorial Bridge for a peep
at the goings-on.
Sponsors of the shift to
Roosevelt Island have, ! un-
derstand, announced that
their object is to "revitalize
independence Day" Some Of
us still recall that George
Washington had quite a part
in originating Independence
Day, which has long been
commemorated and vitalized
by the public and the dis
play of fireworks at his MonN
ument every Fourth of July.
But whose idea was it to re
vitalize" this day by taking
the fireworks from the pub
lie. and removing them from
the Washington Monument
site for the private showing
this year? From newspaper
reports l see that this bril-
liant coup was suggested by
none other than Harry
Thompson of National Cap
ital Parks. This is the same
Harry mpson who
worked so feverishly for the
Freedom Wall" project that
was so soundly rejected this
year, because the plans called
for taking millions Of dollars
from school children and the
public for the project, with
no accounting to the Gov
ernment of how much was
collected or spent by the pro-
moters. The public never ap-
pears to come out very well
under Mr.. Harry Thomp-
sons plans. but I'll bet he is
still a hero in the exclusive
little circle who will have the
Fourth Of July all to them
selves this year. Let them en-
Joy it while they can. They
won't be with us much
l0ngerl
4 A. L. Jackson.
VT 4 y
The Washington Humane
Society has had many pro-
tests about the use of Roose-
welt Island. a wildlife sanc-
tuary. for the display of fire.
works on July 4.
Not only is This Society
concerned about the fright
ening or perhaps destruction
of wildlife but moreover the
danger on our treacherous
river to the many canoeists
who will congregate for this
event.
Mrs. Robert Watson,
President, Washington
Humane Society.
Evening star., 1958-07-02
Grateful

I wish to thank publicly
the Junior Chamber of Com
merce for letting me take part
in the Fair for the Handi-
capped on June 13.
Annie NJ. Wright.
Evening star., 1958-07-02

operation on that score, then the oe-
neva meeting could lead to a world
cheering break in the old and supremely
dangerous disarmament deadlock.