davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-30
The Postwar Task

In this situation. as it appeared
not long after the end of the Sec
ond World War, the task of what
has since come to be called the
Atlantic Community, that is, the
states Of Western Europe and the
Western Hemisphere, was to
bring about and maintain with
increasing strength and vitality q
nom Communist world system.
Within this system. not only the
states mentioned but those in the
second segment as well, should, If
the system was workable and
working, be able to pursue their
national ends in their own way.
This effort required, at the be-
ginning. a great deal of recon-
struction. particularly in Europe.
The only state strong enough to
furnish the leadership in this eff
fort was the United States. Both
its Government and its people re-
sponded vigorously to the press Of
necessity.
The steps which were taken are
well known and need not be re-
called here. The important thing
is that they were succeSSfuI In
bringing about a common sense
of purpose, certainly in Western
Europe and the Western Henri
sphere, and to large extent we're
effective in giving opportunity to
those nations in Asia and Africa
which were just coming to the
point where they were free to pur-
sue their national deStinies undi-
rected from the outside.
Since the war, therefore, the
foreign policy of the United States
has become, by necessity, posi-
tive and activist one. 1t has been
one of attempting to draw to-
gether, through various groupings.
that Western area which must be
the center of a free and open
world system, and Of taking the
leading part in providing it with
military security, and with a de-
veloping economy in which trade
could grow and industrial pro-
ductivity could be developed, both
in areas which were already in
dustrially advanced and those
which we're at the threshold. At
the same time it was an essen
tial part of this policy to produce
the maximum degree of cohesion
throughout the whole non-Com-
munist area. through political
policies which would make for in
tegration and strength rather than
for exploitation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-30

little to do with the truth of
the ideas expressed; it has a great
deal to do with their power. Mr..
KEENAN, has told people what
they want to hear, though not
because they want to hear it.
What is it that he has said?
The ideas are almost as vague
as the style is seductive. The
thoughts are expressed as mus
ingS, wonderings. questionlngs,
suggestions. But what comes out
of it is about this:
First. there is the idea OF dis
engagement in Europe. BY this
is meant mutual withdrawal of
American, British and Canadian,
as well as Russian. forces from
somewhere. This somewhere first
appears to be East and West
Germany; then the heart of
Europe: again. the Continent;
and sometimes, from the general
ethoS Of the discussion, it APP
pears to be all overseas areas.
The second idea is the neutrali-
zation of Germany. The third
is that there should be no nuclear
weapons in Europe. And the
fourth is that throughout Asia
and Africa. in what are called
the "uncornmitted areas" there
is little Ito be done except
to relax; that lit is perfectly
natural that Russia should
have her place and her voice
there, too; that "our generation
in the West" has no obligation
vis-a-vis the underdeveloped parts
of the world" and. anyway, there
is no absolute value attached
to rapid economic development.
Why all the urgency?" Ii any
sound scheme for development
are presented. we should support
them, when they arise; but.
only on the condition that they
tell us first 'how you propose
to assure that If we give you
this aid it will not be interpreted
among your people as a sign Of
weakness and fear on our part.
or q desire to dominate you.'
If Asian and African states
should md in this grudging,
meager and humiliating policy no
opportunity to push their economic
development within the nom
Communist system, and should
turn to Communist methods and
Communist help. we should accept
their action without concern and
with pood nature
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-30

vast national effort, another 20
years has ended by bringing back
the old yearnings and errors under
q new name. ''Disengagement," it
is called now: but it is the same
futile - and lethal = attempt to
crawl back into the cocoon of his
tory. For us there is only one dis
engagement possible - the final
one, the disengagement from life,
which is death.
Soon after we had awakened
from the daze Of the Second World
War. 1t became clear to us that
our protected adolescence as q
great power was over. We were
face to face with the responsibility
Of adult national life in the most
critical situation imaginable.
A world which for q century
had had an integral life of sorts
was split into three segments.
One-the Soviet Communist seq
ment, militarily unequalled, except
in nucle4r power in which it was
weak, was held together by an
theological and economic system
supported by force. Another-con-
tanning the vast populations Of
Asia, the Middle East, and North
and West Africa-was left in con-
fusion and turmoil at the end of
the war; and. in addition, either
had newly gained national inde-
pendence or was demanding it
from rulers gravely weakened.
The third segment was what
was left OF the old world order
roughly Europe and the Western
Hemisphere. The second and
third segments had certain i'm
portant common characteristics.
They were not in the Soviet power
system. But various and large
parts Of them could, under some
conditions, be added to it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-30

had saved Mr.. Khrushchev, it was
reported.
October rs, 1957-Marsha Zhu-
kov was abruptly dismissed as De-
tense Minister and relegated to
obscurity. Apparent reason: He
had resisted Communist Party at
tenpts to tie the armed forces
more closely to the party. But the
f1nality of his firing was a conclu-
sive sign of Mr.. Khrushchev's
power.
March 81, 195S-Resignation of
Marshal Bulganin as Premier and
his replacement by Mr.. Khrush-
chew. This move has been viewed
so far not so much as an custer
for Mr.. Bulganin as a preparation
for effective Soviet participation
in a summit conferences major
item on Mr. Khrushchev's agenda.
(See story by Fred Theroux on
page ABB
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-30

After Stolin's deoth the centfol
Committee Of the porty beson to i'm
plement q policy Of explaining con-
eisely end consistently thot il is i'm
permissible and foreign to the spirit Of
Morxism- Leninism to elevate one per-
son. 10 tronsform him into supermon -.
twhol supposedly knows everything,
sees everything, thinks for everyone.
con do onythine. is iniollibIe in bis
behavior"
Thus spoke Nikita S. Khru-
shchev. first secretary of the all
powerful Communist Party of the
Soviet Union. at the goth Party
Congress at Moscow in February.
1855. In the following sessions Of
the Congress the Khrushchev at
tack on the ''cult of the individ-
ual" as personified bv the de-
parted dictator. Josef Stain. was
echoed by speaker after speaker.
Mr., Khrushchev's long and Bit
ter speech Yves the final confirma-
ton Of a process that had been
going on inside the Kremlin's
hierarchy since the death Of
Stain. In its essence. that pro-
cess was perhaps inevitable-the
turbulent readjustment necessi-
tated by the sudden absence of the
absolute dictator. Like all per-
sonal tyrannies. the Soviet die
tatorship under Stain was weak
est in its continuity. Run from the
lonely top by the whim and wis
dom, caprice and suspicion of a
single man. the Soviet system
possessed in 1853 no other single
individual clearly destined to step
into the shoes of Stain. All those
who had appeared since the 1918
revolution had fallen victims to
the according to Mr.. Khrushchev
in 1866 "capriciouS, irritable and
brutal" Stain whose persecution
mania reached almost unbeliev-
able proportions.
Thus it was that a collective
leadership" took control and be-
gan the intrigue and elbow politics
essential to establish which of the
collective" wielders of party and
state power would eventually
emerge as the new dictator.
Last week the Supreme Soviet
(Parliament) Of the Soviet Union
made the result of this maneuver-
ing. official. In a well predicted
move. the body accepted the res
ignation of Marshal Nikolai A.
Bulganin as Premier, named Nj
kita Khrushchev as his successor.
and noted that Mr.. Khrushchev
would retain his post as First
Secretary Of the Party-the real
seat Of power in the Soviet system.
Collective leadership, in form at
least, had lasted from March Of
1858 to March Of 1858. But for
almost year now the emergence
of the blunt-Spoken, sometimes
jovial and always alert Mr.. Khru-
shchev as top man has been all
but certain. But his supremacy was
not established without opposi-
ton. If some day the inside story"
OF the struggle can be told, it
will probably reveal far more diff
Guilty for the 63-year -old former
miner than the world, or the Rus
slams themselves, have yet heard.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-30
Problems Emerge

II we attempt to analyze these
suggestions. the problems which
they create promptly emerge.
First, let us consider the idea that
something called disbursement
can be brought about by removing
American, British. Canadian and
Russian troops from some area
in Europe. What disengagement
does this bring about?
Very little, as one sees If one
pauSes to consider the realities.
mpare the conformation
which takes place between the
United States and the Soviet I'm
ion in Germany with that which
occurs along the DEW line-that
system of early warning stations
which stretches from Alaska,
across the Arctic regions and far
out into the Atlantic. Here there
are daily contacts on a thousand
radarscopes, and doubtless the
same is true on the other side of
the screen. Some of these blips
on the radar are actual aircraft:
sometimes atmospheric conditions
produce them. But they represent
a contact which no action in
Germany can disengage.
There is conformation in every
part Of the world where the area
OF the open and free world sys-
tenn may be reduced by Soviet
military, economic or political
penetration. No action in Ger
many will produce disbursement
here. The word is a mere concep-
ton, which confuses and does not
represent any reality.
So, let us turn from it to con-
slider something more capable of
delineation. For instance, exactly
what is the extent of the mutual
withdrawal about which we arc
asked to negotiate? I.believe that,
once a withdrawal begins, it will
be complete. so far as United
States, British and Canadian
troops are concerned. All the
forces, foreign and domestic, will
combine to bring this about As
the withdrawal makes the mill
tary position weaker, our forces
will be less desired wherever they
may remain. If Withdrawal is
represented as advantageous for
Germans, 1t would seem equally
advantageous to Frenchmen. Ice
landers, Moroccans, Saudi Arabi-
ans and the rest would quickly
follow. And. once the idea caught
hold. Americans would. of course
join in the general demand.
We should not deceive ourselves.
After disengagement, we would
soon find ourselves discussing
complete withdrawal from all
European areas and, very possi-
bly,, from bases in the Far East
and Near East as well indeed
Mr.. Khrushchev has twice served
warning. once IN Berlin in 1857
and again in January OF 1868.
that the sort Of withdrawal winch
he is talking about is withdrawal
from all overseas bases. This
would cut the striking power of
the free world by at least a half,
and, perhaps, until our missile
program accelerates. by much
more.
We must think OF what we pur-
Continued on Page AGA
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-30

President Eisenhower, con-
siStently more optimistic in his
view of the recession than many
economists, believes that I'VE are
going through the worst of it
right now" He told reporters last
week that there is reason to think
1.-The bottom is certainly close, or
possibly even now reached"
There were some encouraging
statistics to support the Presi-
dents position. Machine tool
orders, often used as a long
range economic budapest, were
up in February for the second
straight month, indicating
planned industrial expansion tbut
they were 81 per cent under Feb
ruary 1850. Farm prices and
income were up and construction
contract awards rose sharply.
On the other hand, there were
gloomy figures, too. Steel opera
tons Cat a scheduled sos per
cent of capacity. industrial pay,
electric power production and
freight carloadings continued to
fall. Bank reserves were grow
ing as business loans fell off. And
business failure figures were
rising.
The number of unemployment
benefit claims dropped about
three-tenths of per cent in mid
March. but the total claims, still
$4,000 above mid-February, indi-
Gated little change during March
in the overall jobless figure, which
was $4,000 last month.
In short, despite an occasional
bright spot. there was no sign
that a dilemma Mr.. Eisenhower
has been facing for some weeks
will be resolved soon. The dilemma
was this:
Republicans in Congress want
action to convince November'S
voters that their party can, and
will. lick the recession. But the
Federal budget, which is the re-
sponsibility of Mr.. Eisenhower,
already is staggering under SPEND
ing at an annual rate $6 billion
above the Presidents January es-
innate.
Thus. any costly anti-recession
measures could have severe eff
feet on the economy. owe have
got to think of the years to come"
Mr.. Eisenhower counseled re-
porterS last week..
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-30

Nasser," that Saud had offered
huge brides for a coup aimed at
overthrowing the Syrian regime
and abandoning the federated
Arab state, a charge King Saud
has labeled false.
The State Department has so
far held to the view that the new
role for Prince Faisal does not
necessarily indicate a new, anti
Western orientation for Saudi
Arabia. But the consensus in the
Western press has been that the
power shift represents a signal VIC
tory for Col. NasSer, and thus in
directly a gain for Soviet politics
in the Middle East.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-30

The Republicans might other
wise write off 1858 as a year Of
disadvantages over which they
have no control, but a Democratic
victory-helped by hard times
approaching landslide proportions
could threaten the party's chances
of electing a President in 1860.
Overwhelming control of Congress
would give the Democrats the
added advantage of being able to
call all the plays. write all the
rules and control the 1860 issues.
So If some Republicans on Cap
Continued on Page A-23
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-30
THE NATIONAL SCENE
The Economy: AT the Bottom?

80 Senate seats on the block, 81
are Republicans. Of the dozen
Democrats facing contests in Mo-
vember. five are from the South
and one represents a normally
Democratic Border State.
Rightly or wrongly, in the
minds of many hard times are
more often associated with Re-
publicanS, an impression Demo-
Gratis have assiduously cultivated
for Is years. And this is a theme
that Democrats have been play
ing in endless variation since early
last fall.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-30
The Meaning

IL WOulQ De wholly inaccurate
to say, at this stage of Soviet in
ternal political development, that
Mr. Khrushchev will now be a
dictator in the image of Josef
Stain. There are a great many
personal as well as political diver
gencies between the two men. Also,
the world situation has been radi-
cally altered since 1858. Almost
certainly. Moscow will scout as
Sertions that the triumph of Mr..
Khrushchev means the end of the
collective leadership" But in
effect, such denials will be in the
field of semantics. Barring some
totally unforeseen development.
Mr.. Khrushchev is the head man
in the Soviet Union and has no
serious challengers.
What seems even more certain
is the intensiflcation of Soviet eff
forts to bring about summit con-
ference between East and West
this year if possible. On that front,
there were developments last week
indicating a continuing spirit of
slow. cautious bargaining. For the
United States, Secretary of State
Dulles told his press conference
last Tuesday that the Soviet price
tag for summit meeting was too
high. Mr.. Dulles took the trouble
to list the high prices, item by
item. for the newsmen.
And in Moscow, the Supreme
Soviet was reported about to hear
a surprise announcement: That
Russia. unilaterally. would suspend
testing of nuclear weapons and
perhaps declare an end to their
manufacture as we'll. Such a move,
supposedly planned for disclosure
in a speech to the legislative body
by Foreign Minister Andrea Gro
myko, would be a major propa-
ganda victory for the Soviet Union,
since the United States has
adamantly opposed an end to
nuclear testing unless a reliable
inspection system, plus an end to
nuclear weapons manufacture, is
made a part of the agreement.
The price tags complained of by
Mr.. Dulles were familiar ones and
represented the sum total of the
apparently insurmountable hurdles
separating Soviet and Western
thinking on the proper subjects
Tor discussion at a heads of Estate
meeting.
But the Secretary was careful
to stress that differences were
negotiable" He tried to avoid
strengthening the idea that he
was firmly opposed to a summit
conference, remarking: Il do not
want to imply that there will not
be a summit conference. But he
also commented on Moscow's
latest aide memoire, handed to
American Ambassador Llewellyn
Thompson on Monday. Accept
ance of its terms, Mr.. Dulles said,
would turn the summit meeting
into something much worse than
a spectacle. 1t would mean that
on the way to the summit we
would have lost our shirt. Per-
haps that would result in
spectacle.
The Soviet tactics at present
seem to aim toward presenting
the West, particularly and per-
sonally Mr.. Dulles, as seeking ex-
cuses to prevent or delay a sum-
init meeting. After rejecting the
latest Dulles conditions for a
summit talk as "inadmissable,
surprising. unreasonable, unob-
jective, and Disappointing" Mos
COW again called on the United
States to proceed toward a sum-
init conference without further
delays"
While the Soviet upion and the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-30

United States continued to
shadow-box on the summit issue,
U. N. Secretary General Dag
Hammarskjold was in Moscow fct
talks with the Soviet leaders on
the stalled disarmament negotia-
tions. Hopeful that the U. MS
most successful peacemaker could
do something to alter the present
Soviet boycott of the arms talks,
the United States deferred previ-
ously planned moves at the U. N.
to bring the disarmament issue
before the General Assembly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-30
AcHEsoNs VIEW
Disengagement
Is An Illusion
AcHEsoN's VIEW

George KEENAN, former United States Ambassador to
Russia has created stir throughout the Western NTH
his proposal for dtsengGgeent tnvovtng the withdrawal
OF Russian and American troops from Europe united
but neutrGsed Germany In the following article Aceson
Secretary OF State in the administration opposes the
KEENAN, proposal and at the time offers provocative
analysts OF cold position This article condensed
from the April issue Of Foreign Affairs special permission of
the COPYRIGHT gunner Council Foreign Affairs nc York
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-30
By DEAN ACHESON

Moods change memories, fearful dnmed as
anetes arise and present exertons increasingly
dsaseful The bitter teachings the determine
ton they fired had quite disappeared 1888 replaced by
ideas of neutraism withdrawal from conflict
After these in turn swept the of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-30
Grim Outlook

The concern of Republicans in
Congress is understandable. Even
before the first recession signs
appeared, 1858 looked like a bad
election year for them. OF the
Diario las Américas., 1958-11-01
VOTANTES 49,.
-Viene de la primera .

-
ron sus candidates en- ell prospe-
70 ano de 1856.
Los entendidos dicen que 81
los republicanos logran ell 40
por ciento al menos del vote
de los 'bloques nacionales' i'm
pediran que les sobrevenga una
gran catastrofe.
Los 100000 puertorriquenos
del Estado de Nueva York, pue-
den inclinar la balanza de I'm
lado o del otro en- la lucha por
la gobernacion del estado entire
ell gobernador actual, ell demo
crata Averell Hartman y Nelson
A. Rockefeller. candidate repu-
b]icano.
Rockefeller ha hecho un gran
esfuerzo por ganarse la buena
voluntad de los puertorrique-
nos, a quienes ha hablado en-
espano Ademas, Sc lie conside-
"a I'm buen amigo de la Ameri-
ca Latina y todos recuerdan
SUI actuacion al frente de la Off
Gina de Coordination de Asun-
tos I~nteramericanos, durante la
guerra y SUI labor en- calidad de
Secretario Adjunto de Estado pa
"a las Repuolicas Americans.
Diario las Américas., 1958-11-01
.Banco de Fomenfo Anticipa
S7N.OOO a Cuenta de Bonos
a Municipa|idad de San Juan.

de los funcionarios investigate
res.
La resolution del Supreme
termina diciendo que "la "pre.
sion del numero de delitos, Ell
refinamiento de los metodos de-
lictivos, la falta de adiestra-
miento en- Ia ciencia de la in
vestigacion, la PROFESSIONALISM
cion del crimen, y los apremios
populares y periodisticos, en- ell
future podrian facilmente empu
jar a los INVESTIGATORS oficiales
a recurrir con mayor frecuen-
cia a la coacci6n fisica o men
tai para extraer confesiones de
los detenidos, Generalmente Sc
rian los humildes y ~desampara-
dos, como en- ell presente case,
las victimas de esas d~esviacio-
les. Para que pueda contribuir
mes institucionales o individual
eficazmente a la salud constitu-
cional y moral en- nuestro siste-
ma de justicia corresponds a la
rama judicial reafirmar SUI inal-
terable repugnancia hacia esos
metodos impropios y SUI firme
disposition de rechazar sus fru-
tos."
Diario las Américas., 1958-11-01
PosPUEsTo
(Viene de la PrlmeraJ

NVIene u6 Id FTlIHCLdI
aviacion, y realizaban negocia-
clones para comprar aviones
con los cuales Sc bombardearia
y ametrallaria a Cuba.
Otros que Sc declararon mo-
centes de las acusaciones son
Daniel Vasquez, Enrique Henri
auez Juan Orta, y Luis Silva, to-
dos los cuales gozan de libertad
bajo fianza de tres mil dolares.
Ell Juez John F. Mcohey Sc
halo ell primero de diciembre
para designar la fecha en- que
comenzara ell juicio.
Los cinco acusados residen
en- La Florida.
Dos de los nueve encartados
estan profugos: Guido Busta-
mantle y Tulio Prieto. Otros dos
Luis Chaviano y Jose Iriar-
tie Sc declararon va inocentes
y estan en- libertad bajo fan
"a.
Ell doctor PRO Socarras de-
claro a la United Press Inter
national: "Soy absolutamente
inocente. Espero poder demos
trar en- Ell juicio de una vez por
todas que este proceso fue Ell
resultado de la campana de Ba-
tista eel Presidente de Cuba,
Fulgencio Batista) que trata
de desacreditarme y ocultar asi
sus propias acciones anti de-
mocraticas.
"Espero poder establecer en-
csc juicio que todos los testi-
COS que acudieron ante Ell jura-
do investigator fueron proper
eionados a traves de una fuen-
he extranjera, la que dare a CO.
nocer en- ell juicio. Esto sera
ana revelation y tendra mucho
interes para 81 publico nortea-
Nnericano."
Henry Singer, sbogado del
doctor Prio Socarras, declare
euesu representado demostra-
"a que una de las acusaciones
que Sc hacen a Prio Socarras
y otras personals en- Nueva
York es absolutamente falsa.
"Se demostrara que esta visi-
IA a Nueva York no tuvo NADIA
que yer con actividades clan
destinas" dijo Prio Socarras,
"sino que vine aqui para en-
trevistarme con un represen.
tante del departamento de es-
tado que solicito la vista"