davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-09-23
30 Riders 10 Compete
30 Riders 10 Compete
Congressman viii Charge
Jonsiing Knights October 4


Ae i'oh Wli'-an n lncE Fi'h
RiSff'c' Congressman and former
RoNel Aar " NHsAia Nlll deliver
'he Aaoi. aSa hffn ocioh6l to siant
tao sa'e championship ioAStin2
tournament ~ lon9Wood Estate
James II Forbes president "
'ne NRoMs 1fiAa l+9E# CAi2 ioiaV
annoAnefd Congressman THck + All
cep.anc ll!s addfes here w the
pFoEfam WIS thc charge t9 tho
klilRhfA 9liaMs NJ the eNeHt ohe NJ
lhf commonwealth outstanding
ciiixehs aHd master of osatory
'le LloAS ClAD WAleA W.ll tlrn
oyer proceeds tran lhe eNant w lhc
community SWIMMING pool An ar-
fanRih2 "A cologfHi schedule of
events 70 surround the Fid.l@ com.
Qc'liioa
Colortul Parade
onratn8 rvas4 u,l1 Nv. tha >,
parado If mo3n.ed snd cnena,,,d
kfgah-, fbrai,ah a4dtoa,o ,crs~d.
,3y -a w NJ r5ie-,, r.,..,, .a.a.
a,aa fsr .Ao ava,.s rbe ,,s,ad. ,,ln
Nv ENLARGED M irelaan an.tps., ,,n-
tage autos = dr,nn and ;,syia hand
and aoncon,n.+,ne rfdars II \
mount4
Tbe naraar vin fn,r,, IA. tho eaot-
lees sto,.o n,r.,,ea w, oa ~a,th
Main straet and n,aye snftn on
2,aiY s+reet u FoYrtb stree. iii
Fourth IA Ionouood avonna and
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-09-23
s-Dey Field Runs
3-Doy Field Runs
Fox Hound Tests
Start In Show
Ring Wednesday

One hundred and fifty fox hounds
will be put to the tests of tho show
ring and field here this week when
the Central Virginia F'oxhuniers AS
ISOLATION conducts It's annual fall
trials.
The meeting starts With a bench
show Wednesday night at Middle
Warehouse n w Weldon. of Wei
don. N c. will judge the per-
formances. which get underway at
s O'Clock
Bench show awards Will be made
for the outstanding male and f.
male hounds both in the derby
young and all age Older hound
divisions Awards also VIII 20 10
the top pairs of hounds and The TOP
pack
S am. Casts
The daily field runs. or casts.
Will commence al M. Thursday
Friday and Saturday The derby
and all age hounds VIII be released
toENtifSi. Dui JitENS iOdiIillg Inc
countryside viii Judge them III
separate divisions.
There Will be two days testing
Of the young hounds. tho first two
days. Saturdays cast viii be only
of the top remaining all age hounds
The public is invited TO The daily
casts which will be conducted over
the countryside at the Joe Hines
farm in Prince Edward county To
reach the grounds S. spectators
should drive out Route Is south to
about two miles south Of Worsham
there taking the left turn over the
road to Meherrin Signs will direct
traffic from that point
Final Awards
The Association will hold its
annual business meeting Friday
night, when awards for the derby
hound performances will be made
Continued on page Y
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-09-23

Blttnger whose own wit and keen
observation put last years contest
over SO successful kept things go
ing at such a lively pace. the hour
and a half show moved to eli
max IN what seemed like consider
ably less time than it actually took
Questions ranging from what is
the color Of angus cattle to the
Biblical significance of the rainbow
and the date of ground hogs day
eve Kept the contestants on the Spot
from the beginning to the end. The
mind tWisters were divided into
I'VE categoiles. namely, Virginia
local history, Biblical material. cur
rent events, important and unjm-
portant dates. ard miscellaneous
which included agriculture, sports
cooking and even table etiquette
A few controversial questions
such as what is homocenizcd to-
bacco saw the moderator and the
Judges toss the decision back and
forth Bittinger would leave h G
final decision up to the judges on
whether this and that would be ac-
ceptable. The Judges. referred to as
the Little Supreme Court in the
pit would find themselves with a
hung jury and toss it right back
tn Ritfipoor
The little Supreme Court" or to
De more specific, Judge panel, con
sisted OF Mrs. John G. Graziani, Dr..
w j. Sydnor and Bob Merritt. They
had a tough job to do and came
up with a decision in a matter of
minutes after completion of the
tive categories Of questions despite
Continued on page y
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-09-23
BY BEN BOWERS

Thursday night was termed a
cool and comfortable one by
weather experts in the area. how
ever at least IL persons could easily
put up a good argument that the
night was a scorcher The Ia were
contestants representing civic clubs
from five counties in the second
annual battling Battle of Wits
feature of the Five County Fair
Their versatile, unbeatable Dr.
Joseph Smith with a knack for
anwering most any type of ques-
ton quickly, pointedlv and often
humorously walked away with s25
prize for his sponsoring organiza-
ton. the Farmville Rotary Club for
the second straight year Deco
rated with a Blue Ribbon. the de-
Tending champion was the real tar
get Of quizmaster NJ Henry Bit
finger but no challenge was suf-
ficient to take the coveted title from
DR. Smith
q. St {. Robinson OF the Cumb-
erland American Legion pos t
COPIED second place in the wit for
wit scrabble and won a $40 prize
for his sponsoring organization and
a red ribbon for himself Close on
the heels Of the money winners was
Mrs. William Watson. III. of the
Farmville Junior Woman's Club
who received honorable mention.
Master of Ceremonies was John
Wilson, manager of radio station
WFLO. who introduced the con-
testants and judges. M. Henry Bit
finger. Longwood College history
professor, got things off to a rousing
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-09-23
Lane High VenabIe Elementary
appeal Denial Mu0hes automatic State
School Closing Lane At Charlottesville

Plans for private schools have
been speeded up at Charlottesville
where Virginia : automatic school
closing Law today Monday closed
Lane High School and Venable Ele-
mcntary School and al Norfolk
where the end of classes at ssx
schools appears imminent
The an.versi's city schools. added
70 Warren County High School ut
Font Royal bring ITO three the
number of public sc hools row
closed III Virginia
The formal State closing notice ak
Charlottesville came one day after
Chief Judge Simon E sobcloff Of
The Z s Fourth Circuit Court Of
Appeals refused to stay lower
court order directing the city school
board 70 admit 10 Negroes into
Vcnable School ana two into the
citys big Lane High
AT Norfolk secondary school open
ngs for The tenn have been de-
layod nntll September %. Mean
while TIKI school board vii seek
stay Of descgrcgatlon orders Of
Federal District Judge Walter L.
Hoffman
Norfolk Schools
II judge S0beloff denies The STAY
appeal and he has denied similar
requests at Warren County and
Charlottesville. Norfolk.s school
board mas said il viii reluctantly
assign u Negroes to AK white
schools That would invoke the
state closing law for six schools
with combined enrolment Of
10000.
Maury and CRANKY High School
NoryieW High School and three
junior high schools are the ones
which would be closed in that
event
At Charlottesville. the Charlottos-
lille Educational Foundation and
the Parents Committee for Emer-
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-09-23
Gloria Steeer, of
Buckingham Wins
Football Contest

Gloria stegcr, Of Buckingham.
and Mrs. J. W. Dunnmgton, of
Farmville. led the race by missing
only four games. Judges Of the con
test had to go to the first tie
breaker to pick the first place win
ner- Mrs. Huntington guessed the
Farmvllle-Greensville score to be
l2-6, missing the exact score 80
points, while Gloria steger guessed
the score to be 8-l5, taking first
place from Mrs Dunnington by
missing the exact score SO points
A. 0, Lafoon, ,Jr. was the only
one in the field missing only
IlVe games in the contest. He took
third place with no competition at
all
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-09-23
Injured FHS Griddcr
Resting At Home

Wyatt Lee Ovcrton. right guard
on inc Fafviiic High School foot
ball team. is resting more com
fortably al his home.
Overtcn. who played fine de-
iens've game in the Wolverines
1920 loss 10 Grccnsyillc Friday
was carried from the field by am
bulance after sustaining fracture of
two ribs in the final quarter.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-09-23
Is Area Contestants Quized
Defending Champion Smith Retains
Title In Fairs ''BatfIe of Wis.,

start by confusing his contestants
SO much that the first question was
missed. Such an easy question it
was too. Simply name the five
counties that are associated with the
Five County Fair.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-05-25

higher than at State stores. In February,
caulifiower sells for S., lemons are IS cents
each. But goods are available here when they
can be found nowhere else in town.
The American women don't have to de-
pend entirely on the Soviet stores. For them
there's the US. Embassy Commissary, To-
Gated in the whitewaShed cellar Of the build
ing that serves as home and Office for most
Of our diplomatic corps. Prices are high,
because Of the long-distance shipping. but
real American canned foods are available.
No Ads, Few Deliveries
An American housewife suddenly trans
ported to Moscow would have a series Of
jolts. No supermarkets, no mark-down sales,
no five-and-tens, no newspaper ads, no tele-
phone orders and few deliveries.
Whatever Khrushchev's bureaucracy may
have in store for the future, there can be no
question about the situation today. Ameri-
can housewives are feeding their families bet
ter-and with far less struggle. The End
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-05-25
In Russia, You
Wrap u Yourself

unacceptable except for the thoughtful
custom Of hanging the head Of the animal
nearby. This helps in identification, but
soueamish housewives feel sliehtlyuncomfort-
able under the accusing stare Of the animal.
A periodic absence Of certain types Of
meat is also often problem. One day my
wife Nancy set out undecided about whether
to buy steak, veal or lamb. Her choice was
made easy by the fact that in six straight
stores, the only thing available was chicken.
When you buy meat, the butcher almost
always takes moment to brush OF a fiy or
two before handing il to you. Unless you're
prepared, the meat win be plopped right into
your bare hands. Wrapping it is your prob
lem and the wise shopper in Russia carries
his own paper, plastic bags, jars. No waxed
paper or foil wrapping is even sold in Russia.
Everybody's Spoon
An American who decides that the free
market offers better choice than the State
stores must adjust to a standard of santa
ton incredible in the twentieth century.
For instance, each customer is invited to
pick up a wooden spoon, take a taste Of
sour cream or yoghurt exposed in open watts,
and then drop the spoon back into the vat
for the next potential buyer.
But the free market does have advantages.
Besides the greater variety available, there's
also greater camaraderie among the shop
pers. There's less pushing and showing for
place in line, for instance. Since many Rus
sian women work as Steam-roller operators,
bus drivers and snow-shovelers, foreign
women are at a muscular disadvantage in
queueing up. Often, though. recognized for
eigners are sent to the head of the line.
Prices at the free market are usually
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-05-25
Toothpaste leaves
denture odor in. -.
POIide71t sO0Rs 1t out!

many dentists win tell toOthpase can't get rid Of all real
Denture Breath It just can't reach them
unpleasant odor in dental plates from deayng bits
bacteria that lodge tiny
creyces your brush can't reach.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-05-25

Yes, toothpaste can leave Denture 0dOr
in dental plates; Polident soaks it out.
That's why thousands Of false teeth
wearers are switching to instant action
Polident every day. It soaks oHt cling
ing food particles and odor-breeding
bacteria at the same time it soaks as0av
yellow, dingy film.
Don't risk leaving Denture odor in
your plates because you're using tooth
paste. Soak your plates in Polident. Try
II. For the first time since you started
wearing dental plates. your false teeth
may be naturally white and odor-free.
Denture Breath il gonei
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1958-04-11
Ike Says Hunger
State Problem

From Washington Post and
Times Herald report of Presi-
dent Eisenhower's news confer
ence of March Is. "A reporter
asked him if there wasn't some
way that surplus food held by
the Government could be given
to hungry Americans. He said
he agreed that something should
be done for people who are
hungry, but not that it be done
from Washington.
From same paper, same day.
"Leaksville. N c.. March IS 4
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1958-04-11
Fri, April II, 1858 STATE PRESS

burg had been divorced from his
wife on charges of adultery. He
had also once been arrested and
charged with assault upon man
A picture in police records dated
1888, does not carry upon its back
listing of the charges nor the
reason for the taking of the pic
ture, but it does carry the num-
Der 21962.
Negroes, who were once said
to have numbered more than
fifty per cent of the iewelry
stores customers seem to have
deserted the store.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1958-04-11
N. 0. Race-Bai''inq
Candidate Sued
Over Bad Debts

NEW ORLEANS-Leonard Gun
zburg, rabid segregationist and
Negro batter, who ran this year
for the office of mayor of New
Orleans on a strict segregation
platform, and who ran page after
page of advertisements in lead
ing daily newspapers as we'll as
erecting a huge sign against inte-
grafton on Canal street has been
the victim of a volume of suits
in civil district court filed by
dealers who claim that Gunzburg
has purchased goods from them
and has not paid properly.
Gunzburg owns and operates a
large jewelry store, Manners
JeWelry Company on Baronne st.
near Canal.
According to local newspapers
two of the firms have secured
judgments. Those were Antainette
Pears Inc. for the sum of $3,66080
and Link-Dimon for an unstated
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1958-04-11

lOTCH anu tnc OOssa DTaVa.
unique" is the word most
Americans use to describe
Spain. And unique" is the word
for SPANS open-sided piggy
back" trolleycars for sightseers
(above). Rides are only a penny
apiece.
SPANS greatest attraction is
her people-proud, independent
yet friendly. Traditions of hos
pitality are as old as Don Quix-
ote. So are the traditions of
counting even if the language of
love often sounds like five. The
caballero at left, for instance, is
SHINING the turkey" while the
senoritG tries to decide whether
to "toss him the hook" or "hand
him a pumpkin" Anyway, those
bars are for real.
Another big attraction iii
Spain is the cathedral at Sam
tiago de Compostela (bottom).
Here, the remains of st. James
the Apostle, Patron of Spain, lie
buried. Like the pilgrims of the
Middle Ages, thousands Of Wis
itors from all parts of the world
are expected to wend their way
across the Spanish countryside
this year, following the ancient
Road to st. James and Chris
tendom's third most holy shrine.
The feast of St. James is cele-
brated on July "a and rs.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1958-04-11
ADVERTISEMENT

Thousands Of go Smiling through" those trying
yeas-vtovf awful suffering from hot fushes" fension
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1958-04-11
ListaAm0unts

Others listed in the newspapers
as having filed suits include
Windsor Pen Co. for $6,52O25; A
Schwarez and Sons for $3,O9O;
Forestville Clock Company for
$3,250; and Emanuel Burton Dia-
mond Company for $9,355
A check of police files and
court files revealed that CUM
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1958-04-11

26-year-old unemployed man, who
apparently had no money to feed
his family, put bullet through
his heart yesterday shortly after
police arrested him for trying to
steal SO worth of food. Police
had picked him up after he tried
to get food for his wife and two
small daughters"
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1958-04-11
GREATER NEW YORK
CAMPAIGN TO SEEK $4,000
NAACP MEMBERS

A dinner opening the 1853 \
AACP membership campaign n
the Greater New York area viii
be held at the Belmont Plaza
hotel in New York this week, II
was announced by Miss Lucille
Black, the Associations member
ship secretary.
Miss Black said the campaign
goal is $4,000 NAACP members.
Speakers scheduled to address
some $50 NAACP branch officers
and campaign workers who are
expected to attend the dinner
include Mrs. Marguerite Belafonte.
national co-chairman of the As
sociations 1858 Fight for Free
dom Fund campaign.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-03-18

oaYins public 20 give TEACHERS
arse Increases ia pay simply for
acting Is baby sitters for our c!il-
dfan and grandchildren during
cnaoI hours
Scholarships MOI OnIs Answer
CAcle S.sn is beina asked to
3laa Scholarships d pGp.is as an
iheniiNr tor tliain % 10 better
Aoss Penrraliy and Il itadertlke
stud.aa n scientific fields. +; IS Il
sound idca 10 ave scholarships 70
exceptional students; bui Why ex-
aecI Uncle sam u finance thelna
Local hNslnes. interests and local
governments skould partly carry
iiiH BAL here However scholar
ships alone are not the answer to
what alls Us educationally
what We need and what have
been advocating for a long time
z complete overhaul OF om edu-
1atlDaal system For the past couple
oi generations, We have been grow
ING soft IN our attitude toward
teachers and pupils Progressive
education \ has been anything but
progressive With its emphasis on
Self expression. il has destroyed
discipline In many OF our schools.
Today, respect for teachers is the
exception rather than the rule. as
Is respect for the rights Of others.
Our Children Are Our True Wealth
Teachers and educational theo-
rists should not be blamed for all
The troubles that beset our schools
today We. parents and grandpar-
eats are also TO blame In our
eagcrneza 10 avoid controversy re-
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-03-18

Washington rAerr aaa aA wv
siire u ia reduction sttiiilm ni M
Washington following Vice ffesi
u,nl Nlaona atatt luefh lliat ne
ibS ofed taN UNIT osef i nasaiNe
spnuinA prupfaH lv ennbai Gaa
recession
This Was accepted ON capitol Hi
RS expressing lhe adnilisila uon s
preseih position However tie aei
ADMINISTRATION Stlli eoatendN mat fli
tule economic conditions Wlll de
teln,ne whether loWei taxes attu
ally at4 recommended a. t'hAeff
II further aatiferessluA aston -
,unsiueieG necessary Mf hiHDn
SAID IL wouiu preiei 'lo-eo ds'vn
tic Tax cutting road rather ilaA NV
Spending road
unasi such circumstances iu
said. te muuld iaslf ~ asfRaa lNt.
board reduction III income Aid bAs.
ness taxes and rEclses IL shrNld
/ b. aimed he, DECLARED ai pd,
lng MONEY III thf bands lal pfly
! u customers btt 81 luh gltefs
Secretary ii Labor Mitchell u
Said A mapa and slthsiA0lal tn'
IA personal ana itttsn~s laAf
4 possibility i eeYn0ote eoHaltan
III lot lfnproYe IN tspectcd
Tie action can assure y'jH
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-03-18

gardlne religion In public schools
We have forced school adnlnstra-
'orEsAo avoid teaching ethics and
morals. Or Al least We have sat
idly BY
Our children ana grandchildren
are ON true wealth We need The II
JfalnpoWei and moral fiber 10 meet
he serious problems which We viii
tace in another decade Or THO Yet
most Vi Us 10 not spend as lnuCh
time with our young III Il month a.
We spend Workin- out the details
81 \ single business agreement
And when We are with these young
people do we know hoN To tax tc
hem, how 10 capture and hold
their interest?
The first thing W. must do for
the next generation ~ to restore
their respect fol discipline and
study. To do this. we must take IN
interest IN our young people We
must teach them ourselves BY ex-
ample, as well as BY precept
AS for study: The blame for lack
Of proper study habits among chill
dren today should be laid squarely
upon The shoulders Of parents, Lax
fathers and mothers push their
children into adult pursuits too
early in life. The result is that
boys and girls have such a demand.
ing social life that they may not be
able TO give sufficient time TO
study. AS they grow older, these
social obligations increase and
study gets still less attention. Fall.
ure 10 correct this trend can one
day make us easier prey for some
sturdier civilization
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-03-18
Double Check

14y Reduction Postponed untll
aIhr The summer PRIMARIES Are
0sar AM sealing uiiice are ior IL
sli ali .ulef are altff II Tar cuI
tir bas n aals held ~ 'front.' 81
.he ,oIrf p maize tifn pun the
claw N ploa III opponeht under
it 4in4s #aft
iie4a WAX IN nany ioblrSa n the
~ a Ih4t II !. hard u find people
u administer The Government re
het The administrators must have
n iOb Even III view 81 all the out
VII jJta ths administration Is falling
0tH among THEMSELVES as 10 HOW
II van n handled. COP Is IN Tor
anOlhef shakedown- either hey
fat- tDAed thelr quota Or run Out
Hf eguBllc ans Any Demo
p44. 4ldiAg 10 lu iadeout I1ay
pGy
aa@H @Aerv NJ vas planning VI
HHNH4 taa h4aJor apretfes aobiI
t-paAs i5m a General ~ ~ q
A.4jor .4ls. easy HOPE you kno"
4lE,. mean. don't
.ll, d partisan peace ralues
afl nlr npeclaAy when politicians
Ifa aylae ti4e TALKING They amt
igoAn tbs guy @itl that staff No
IRE II tiua lortign reciprocal
aaae .Hil N good Why explain.
hIYM af tan nv lDngrf LAY That
DAHh A4gr never dropped Oh
American soil of thr troops hay E
WGArd ',.r b1yonet against iree
aHa AtAalieaA citizens We can
4i4y noaaei NE nexl chapter,
ilsAl i0r leading
Hf4NvIfl BROWN
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-03-18

~ iiia eiAiH. anu lit iiAftiA
lalling fhn electoral COLLEGE sy5-
teifr obsoirlaN ami cumbersome
t.aitof Dfhdoiil aTpte last year IN
i'he hoahoAr Va Times that ii
serves 10 uat-lul purpose IT. points
out that rireipia iMEht .iidei svinr
circumstances lraDfr tie Miairs VI
the electorate Ett there Is useful
purpose III llhls very FEASIBILITY
Ii lvts IN. South. when some
issne ~ NtAl enough, play pir
party against tie otter III tbA col
Iene. bargaining for sgtiat may be
iii very ntf Ilir the thrown away
INo Thirda Rulp fur prinDefalic
sidrntlai Nominations ann I'm
Sun standing Two 1turds hs,le toI
3llutilnp oil sehate debate tliit
freedom u electors plus thr re-
quireMrnt VI 4 majority NJ tielt "
4 weapon III TIN South
The Une iiall Plus One Rule; Il
Hlpilt be called
Interestingly III TIN Shreveport
Times Dou Ewing discussed A tils
anne time Alabama ! Democratic
Presidential f.lectof W, t. Furiel
Ato Voted lor judge Walter Il
Jvnrs iu W. Ih. Times rditClla
MT recalled the usefulness VI TN
electoral college to The 0iPind
concept btit seemed 10 agree Hiti
Editor DfuduIIl tllat there ADn'
An@ -asf tllrn ~ Consider NV
me ttsr fsl,i.tor Iufnrr made WI
die ohe by Alabama 10 1919 ali~n
Stats u DeinocIdiic rlettof candi
dates nan lhd were rit--trd WA IN
p"cltic understanding ti4di N lnu
flau Mrir nominee tiiey Would nv
support him III the electoral college
Al H. nations major aAd mos
exposed minority. w Aes-d llI ut
arms. ali devices available Hnde
TN Constitution ior getting d bal
ante Of power and bargaining mitl
lhl@ held pter fiAliL N electors \
DF ifrr il pne
Education Editor Benjamin rms
N lhe New York Times VITO wen
w littlt kpek All reporter AN
remained w be partisan \ uDt "
actual PAL utipani Il no longer 0!t
The Times But Inquiry BY the As
soeiated pfeas ELECTS iniygtaatlo
tA4i ~ VIA An't fired however r.
mere " M explanation V WHY 4
Wasn't
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-03-18

Marriage may not be the answer I'd ali Of
nfe's problems, but il seems To be pretty
popular AZ the beginning Of them.