davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
Hardest Government Jobs to Fill

demic and cultural world in the
course Of their travels.
Professors Preferred
The search for suitable cultural
attaches centers largely in the
academic world. Experience indi-
Gates that university professors are
most likely TO have the breadth Of
knowledge, ability TO speak well
and the personal quality Of mixing
easily in Intellectual and cultural
circles.
Yet the demands Of academic
life are most frequently given as
major reasons why outstanding
educators refuse to accept the job.
First Of all, 1t is essential that he
serve at least two years in order to
develop the minimum contacts and
get himself known. Universities
generally grant leaves Of absence
for only one year and considerable
pressure Is required for even an
other II months. Consequently,
more use has been made Of retired
faculty members. 81
Many professors VINO would be
eminently qualified are unwilling
to interrupt their academic careers
and postpone their research, and
writing commitments. They much
prefer a one-year visiting profess
sorship, such as a Fulbright, dur
ing which they can concentrate on
their own special fields Of study.
1t is generally agreed that salary
consideration is not a major de-
terent. In the top embassies the
cultural attache can be given in
pay and living allowances as much
financial compensation as he is
likely to receive in his professional
Spost-even in the best-paying uni
VerSitieS.
0iscouroging Angles
Prominent educators feel that
the present status Of the cultural
attache in the embassy discour-
ages many outstanding prospects,
Distinguished academic figures
often instinctiyely distrust and
shun any connection with a Gov
eminent organization like USIA
engaged in official propaganda
and cold war activities. They feel
that American culture is too vital
and all-embracing an aspect OF
our national life to be tied to such
an association which also is mimi
cal to academic ideals of objective
scholarship. Then, too. an emf
nent retired university president
for example. cannot be expected
to serve, as do present cultural
attaches, under the USIA's public
affairs officer who is also the EN-
bassy's top press and public rela-
tons man.
Leaders in the cultural, educa-
tional and foundation world are
convinced that if the cultural at.
tache were given equal status or
the ambassadors staff with thu
military naval and air attaches
and relieved of operating and ad.
ministrative duties and USIA con
nections. top-flight prospect
could be attracted.
As a State Department diplo'
matte officer. he would feel fret
to devote his entire time to per,
Sonal contact work and public
appearances which our most sue
cesSful cultural attaches hav,
found to be particularly effec'
tive. Then. too the dignity O
the position would encourage NOR
pressure to be exerted, if neces,
Sary by the Secretary of State o.
even the President. to persuade
reluctant universities and othel
organizations to forget about con
venience and release outstanding
individuals who can represen
American culture abroad will
distinction.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28

JoB-Reeenty cultural ofFoip officer
in Korea.
BoRN--Moreh ], 1913.
HoME-Los Angeles.
EDUcATl0N-University Of California,
ABB, University Of Chicago. MA.
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Stote Wslfors
Department. l959-42.; United Stotes
Novy, l942-46; welfare director.
United States Military Government.
Koreo, lS46-4s; EcA, Korea. l94s-
~; USlA. euIturol affois officer.
1919.
Awarded honOrov citizenship in The
Special City Of Seoul and honorary
Doetorote Of Literature by Seoul No
tionoI University for his efforts in be-
holt OF eultufoI unity Of this country
and Korea.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28

port that the United States is
weak in cultural attaches who
have proper acceptance. can assess
local needs, and can assist the
governments and peoples of these
underdeveloped areas. Cultural
foreign aid, they point out, is no
less vital than economic in align
ing these areas with the West,
The post of cultural attache"
originated in 1871 when cultural
officers were assigned to Latin
America. In 1916 the program
was expanded to nine countries
outside the Western Hemisphere.
Today there is a cultural attaehe
in 81 countries throughout the
world, plus more than 100 cul-
tural affairs officers in So coun-
tries.
Most Are U. S. Employees
Although a few cultural at
taches in the major capitals are
university professors specially re-
cruited for a short period, the
great predonderance of our cul-
t,lral representatives are longtime
government officials with a GER
tain amount of academic back
ground.
In a major European country,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28

SoRN--ApriI 20. 1914.
HoME-BostOn.
observation-disclosures College, A.B.,
studied at Eeole des choTtes. Paris.
and received Ph,D. from cothOlie
University in Preach.
EXPERlENcE-Tousht romance lon
euoses at c. u. l93S-4o; Office Of
War information; Army. Office OF
Streteeic Services; HOushton, Mifflin,
publishers; EcA information division;
cultural effoiS officer in Belgium.
Aworded onnuol critics prize in Poris
for his book in French on contemporary
literoture in the United Stotes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
importance Of the Job

Americans abroad, aware Of the
fact that cultural relations pro-
vide one of the most lasting and
least controversial ways to foster
a truer understanding of the
United States, especially in the
minds of leaders Of thought and
opinion, have frequently observed
that next to the ambassador the
cultural attache has perhaps the
greatest single opportunity to
reach a receptive audience and TO
make a favorable impression.
From London to Tokyo there is
a widespread and intense curiosity
to learn more about American
culture.
The cultural attache can fulfill
q special function in the emerging
countries Of Asia and Africa.
These nations in transition. trying
in a few years to bridge the gap
from colonialiSm to independence,
are desperately seeking advice and
help in spreading literacy. develop
ing their educational setup and
achieving scientific and technical
competence. In this quest they
turn to the best-qualifed repre-
sentative Of foreign country
American or Russian.
2
Educators. just back from con-
situations in Southeast Asia, re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
BY GEORGE w. CAKES
Special Writer for The Star

The Government is having q
hard time filling one very desira-
BILE kind of job because the intel
lectual standards are so high.
It's the Job of cultural attache
In our embassies Of important for-
eign countries. And the word "cul-
tural" is not used loosely. The
Government means what 1t says
for the man who fills the job
must know:
American Education.
history. Music.
Literature. Painting.
The social Philosophy.
sciences. Sports.
And what is more-he must
know also what the foreign coun-
try is doing in cultural affairs so
that he may compare our achieve
ments.
In practice these are the things
that the cultural attache must
know. In Government words this
is what he is expected to do
with this knowledge:
To act as consultant to the Am
basSador on all cultural matters,
to direct our Governments edu-
cational and cultural program in
the foreign country. to address
intellectual and educational or
CARNATIONS and to conduct extern
sive personal contacts in aca-
demic and cultural circles.
1t is the last named that, per-
haps, contains the most pitfalls.
A man can get by with knowing
less in a formal speech than he
can in the give-and-take of a fast
conversation with a real intel
lectual. To mix on an equal foot
ing with a country'S top figures
in education. literature and the
arts, the cultural attache must
be an individual of superior abil-
ity, reputation and personality.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
French Union:
BoIIoting

In strife-torn Algeria Friday
ballot boxes were set up in the
more isolated villages and rural
areas for the referendum on the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28

JoB-cuIturoI affairs officer in NepoI.
BoRN-Juy I6. 1905.
observation-disclosures College. B.S.,
1927; Harvard College. MA, 1885.
ExPERIENcE--Heod Of science depoft-
ment in privote school. 1928 TO i94l;
Novy, 1924; military government in
Jopon, l947-49; study in Greece
under FuIbrisht scholarship, l95O-5E
with United Stotes information SeT-
ice since 1852; served in lndonesia
and Germany before going TO NePoI.
Monosins Editor Mormon Isoces in
an article in Louisville Times described
Mr. Johnson os "a great ambassador"
Of the United Stotes because he helps
the NepoIese without grinding any
oxes."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28

entered into by the United States.
almost his sole support.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
BY DAVID KOONCE
Star stan Writer

In 1922. Thomas Jefferson, be-
moaning the failure of his struggle
for a free public school system in
Virginia, observed that "all the
States but our own are sensible
that knowledge is power"
It was probably not the first
time, and certainly It was not
the last time, that deep concern
would be expressed for the fate
Of free education in Virginia. To-
day, LAG years later, Virginians in
Jefferson's own Albemarle County
are rejecting upon the fruits Of
an historic reluctance In Virginia
and all the South--to accept
public schooling as an irrevocable
obligation Of the State.
There are historic reasons why
free public education only in COM
paratively recent years has be-
come an accepted figure in the
fabric Of society in the Southern
States.
Before Che Civil War, the State
governments were in the hands
Of the privileged few of the upper
class who, regarding education as
an individual responsibility rather
than State duty. could afford to
send their own children to costly
private schools.
Reconstruction brought the
Freedman's Bureau, with its
schools and teachers from the
North. With the Yankees came
the idea of free public education,
an idea that was written into law
by number of carpetbaging leg
islatures-one Of the few con-
structive achievements of the
Radical reconstruction.
Not only was it an idea that was
identified with the hated Recon-
Struction period at the beginning,
but this identification with alien
and enemy" sources persisted for
many decades.
In 1908, more than century
after public education became a
fixture in the North, the Rich
mond Times-Dispatch was warn
ing that State-supported educa-
ton was "socialistic, and it will
not do to push too far the prin-
ciple upon which it rests"
At the turn of the century, COM
pulsory education was still a long
way of in Virginia. But the State
was not alone in the South. Nc
other Southern State (unlesS
Kentucky is counted Southern
had compulsory education laws
although outside the South only
two States were without them
The very idea was repughant tC
most Virginians. One Of them
probably expressed the prevalent
sentiments in a letter to the editor
Of the Times-DiSpatch which said
Invade my house and drag my
child away to have its memory
stuffed! 1t makes my blood rur
cold"
Stotistics on Schooling
rTl- .-.,t-ls- -Aksk,.z~ ..,4,,,.- H.,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
Stotistics on Schooling

The public attitude, naturally.
was evident in statistics on edu-
cation in the State.
In 1900, only 80 cents day was
spent on each school child. COM
pared to 20 cents in Massachu-
sets. There were only 20 library
looks for every 100 population.
The school year was ll9 days sfor
whitesl, and only 81 per cent Of
Sabotage children atten de d
school. The average annual salary
for teachers was S168.I9.
There were, from time to time,
sincere efforts to improve the
state of public education in Vir-
ginia. And. although some Aof
these efforts bore fruit, often the
plea for more school money was
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1958-10-09
Junior Fire Marshal
Program Is Started

National Fire Prevention Week,
October to II has marked the
start of a year-long program of
local Junior Fire Marshal activi-
ties in the county.
The Independent Insurance
agents association of Garrett and
Allegany counties is cooperating
with the Allegany-Garrett County
Firemen's association in the pro-
gram Already distributed this
week are pamphlets to teachers
of the third, fourth and fifth
grades.
The program was said to be of
particular significance this year
because last year for the first time
in the nations history fire losses
passed the one billion dollar mark.
For the first six months of 1858
the property loss from fire was
running six percent above that
for the same period last year.
Special emphasis is to be given
to a study of fire problems of
other nations but the fundamentals
of fire safety in the home will con-
tinue to be the basic part Of the
program.
The educational material will
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1958-10-09
Lutheran Sunday School
Names Officers For Year

Officers for the ensuing year
were elected at a meeting of the
Lutheran Sunday School Sunday
morning.
Erwin S. Smith will be general
superintendent. with Miss Ellen
Turney as secretary; Miss Willard
Ann Glotfelty, assistant secretary;
Mrs. Karl Kahl. treasurer: Harry
Coddington adult superintendent;
H. d. Swartzentruber, assistant;
Mrs. Earl Roth, pianist, Miss Jane
Hanst. assistant: Mrs. Jack Glotfelty,
Children's superintendent, Miss
Carrie Kolbfleish and Mrs. Carl
ton BoWser assistants; Miss Grace
Falkenstein, pianist Mrs. Robert
Sincell. assistant; Robert B. Sincell
youth superintendent; William E
Sharps, assistant; Miss Lois Swart-
zentruber, pianist.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1958-10-09
Tax Increase For
Employers Outlined

The Department of Employment
Security offered an explanation
this week concerning the tax rise
that went into effect for employers
July l as a result of substantial in
creasos in unemployment in the
last year or so.
The rise was in accordance with
an "escalator" clause in the Mary
land Unemployment Insurance law
which provides that whenever the
Unemployment Insurance fund is
drawn upon heavily and fails tc
certain levels, tax rates are auto
matically increased.
The July l increase means that
most employers will pay at a rate
0.3 percent three tenths Of one
percent of taxable payrolls higher
than they have been paying.
The employers tax rate is deter
mined on the basis Of his "bene-
fit ratio" a device which has the
effect of pegging his rate at higher
levels if his workers or eX-workers
have drawn heavily upon the fund
or at lower levels if they have
drawn benefits to a lesser extent.
The benefit ratio is obtained in
the case OF each employer by di-
viding the dollar amount of bene
fits paid his workers and ex-work-
ers for the 36-consecutive month
period ended March 81, 1857, by
the total of his annual taxable pay
rolls ION which Unemployment In
surance contributions have been
paid for the three calendar years
ended December 81, 1858.
The department also announced
that the Maryland Unemployment
Insurance taxes for the third cal
endar quarter are due October 81.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1958-10-09
Eight Births Occur

Eight births occurred at the Gar
rett County Memorial hospital in
Oakland during the past week, six
boys and two girls.
On the 3rd a son to Mr.. and Mrs.
Walter Clayton Bittinger, Mt. Lake
Park; son to Mr.. and Mrs. Ever
EFT Richard Snyder, Horse Shoe
Run, w. Va.
On the 4th a daughter to Mr..
and Mrs. Charles William Knots,
Kitzmiller
On the 9th daughter to Mr. and
Mrs. Samuel Harrison Meyers, Jr.,
Mt. Lake Park.
On the 7th a son to Mr.. and Mrs.
James Roy Friend, McHenry; a
son to Mr.. and Mrs. Leo Francis
Costello, Oakland; a son to Mr.. and
Mrs. Bonnie Joe Beckman, Oak
land.
On the 9Th a son to Mr. and Mrs.
Roy Lyden Holler, Oakland.
During the week the hospital adj
mitted Al patients and discharged
"a. Census this morning was 80.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1958-10-09

Announcement has been made of
the marriage OF Miss Dorotha
Angela Carskadon, daughter of Mr..
and Mrs. Cletis w. Carskadon, of
Danville, to Leo Melvin Everett,
son of Mr.. and Mrs. Melvin Everett,
of Romney. The ceremony was
performed August % with Rev.
Joseph E. Gerstell, pastor of the
Crellin Methodist Church, officiat-
ing. TN the Dawson Methodist
Church. Mrs Floyd Carskadon,
aunt Of the bride, was pianist.
Mrs. Gerald E. Johnson, sister of
the bride, was matron of honor, and
Charles Dawson, brother-in-law of
the groom, was best man.
Given in marriage by her father,
the bride was attired in a light
blue linen dress with white lace
hat and white accessories. She
carried a white Bible with a white
orchid marker, a gift of her grand
mother.
A reception was held following
the ceremony at the home OF the
bride Mrs. ElWood Carskadon pre-
sided at the punch bowl and Mrs.
Claude Spiker served the cake.
The bride was graduated from
Bruce High School, Westernport,
in 1855. She was a member of
Student Council and active in the
All Club. She is employed as a
teller at the First Federal Savings
and Loan Association in Cumber-
land, Md.
Mr.. Everett was graduated in
1949 from Romney High School
where he was active in sports. He
served four years in the Navy
aboard the Robert L. Wilson. After
attending Potomac State College he
is now a student at Catherman's
Business School, Cumberland, Md
The couple is residing at Dan
vile.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1958-10-09

stress the fire dangers in home
made rockets The campaign this
week centers around a home in
spection report which was dis
tributed in the elementary schools
of the county To qualify as junior
fire marshals pupils must COM
plete fire hazard check of their
homes, fill in the home report
have it signed by a parent, and
turn it in to their school teacher.
Boys and girls who complete a
certain number Of questions in
their home reports will receive Of
ficial junior fire marshal signet
rings. If they fill in completely
they are entitled to helmets, and
the school room receiving the most
helmets is entitled to banner for
the school,
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1958-10-09
Oakland Personals

Mr.. and Mrs. J. Gordon Mealy
returned last week from a trip to
Michigan and nearby states
Mrs Philip Wachtal, Anchorage,
Alaska, is visiting her father, DR..
b. F. Selby. and Mrs. Selby.
c. f. Sharps attended a pre-
showing of 1859 Chevrolet models
in Hershey, Pa, last week for
franchised dealers.
Mrs Ivan Carroll and Mrs. Vir-
ginia Wright of Bridgeport, w.
Va. wore guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
Karl f. Kahl on Sunday.
Mr. and Mrs. Earl Roth returned
home Sunday after spending
several days last week in Baltimore
with their children.
Mrs L. II. Weimer spent the
past week with her nephew and
wife, Mr.. and Mrs. f. O. Liller, in
Loeb Lynn Heights.
Miss Joann Paige, student nurse
at Fairnont, w. Va, spent the
weekend here with her mother,
Mrs. Mary Frances Paige.
Benson Kelley, Spelter, w. Va,
spent last Thursday and Friday
with his parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
Charles Kelley, of near Oakland.
There will be a chicken supper
at White Church on Friday, Octo-
Der II, sponsored by the WSCS of
the church. The public is invited.
Mrs. Clarence Long, CT McHenry,
is visiting her son-in-laW and daugh-
ter, Mr.. and Mrs. Jack Brown, in
RavensWood, w. Va, for a few
days.
Cheston H. Browning, son of Mr..
and Mrs. Cheston H. Browning,
Jr, is a member of the chapel
choir of Mercersburg Academy,
according to a recent announce
ment. Membership in the choir is
attained after extensive try-outs.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1958-10-09
IN THE TRUNK

the one with Granny's
Observation-Disclosures stuff That
bundle of old lettersl It's the
envelopes I would like to buy.
Particularly those used between
1845 and 1855. Should you have
any I'd be pleased to hear from
you. PAUL P. GLENN, Purchas-
er of old U. S. Stamps and
Envelopes, Spring Mount, Pa.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1958-10-09

Mrs. Cecil Smith spent several
days last week as a guest of Mr.
and Mrs +. d. Draper, at Clean
Spring She returned TO her home
Sunday evening.
Charles Mersing has returned tc
Baltimore after spending the week.
end with his parents and maternal
grandparents, MIR. and Mrs. Charles
Nine. of Sunnyside.
Lonnie d. Naylor, son of Mr.. and
Mrs. Howard Naylor Alder street
Oakland, is a member of the foot.
ball band at Mercersburg academy
it was recently announced.
The Parent-Teacher association
of the North Glade elementary
school is holding a social and boz
supper at the school on Tuesday
evening, October IA, beginning al
8 o'clock.
Sunday evening guests of Mr.
and Mrs. Clarence Mersing were
Mr. and Mrs. John Pysell, of Oak
land and Mr.. and Mrs. Charles
Knots and Mrs. Flora Sisler, OF
Function, w. Va.
Mr.. and Mrs. Bernard Glotfelty
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Schell, OF
near Oakland, were called to Bruins,
wick last Thursday where they
attended the funeral of their neph.
ew, Charles A. Fowler.
A son, Bernard Joseph, was born
to Mr.. and Mrs. Albert Franc, of
Pittsburgh, on Monday, September
81. This is the couples fourth child
and third son. Mrs. Franc was the
former Muriel Robinson.
The Oakland office of the De
partment of Employment Security
will he closed on Monday, Octo-
Der 10. All Monday claimants are
being advised to report on Friday
October 10, at their regular time.
Miss Edith Brock and hel
mother, Mrs. W. B. Brock we're in
Hagerstown over the weekend visit.
ing the family of Mrs. Brooks
daughter, Mrs. Marion Sea Mrs
Sea is ill in a hospital in Balti-
more and was visited this week by
her sister, Miss Edith Brock.
Charles F. Hammond quietly OBJ.
served his 93rd birthday anniver-
sary on Monday, October 6. Mr.
Hammond is still quite active He
has served as bailiff in the Circuit
court for many years and is also
serving as a Judge of the Orphans
Court and is a candidate for re-
election on the Republican ticket
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1958-10-09
Oakland WSCS to Meet

"And Crown Thy Good with
Brotherhood" is the theme of the
October meeting of the Woman's
Society of Christian Service of ST.
PauPs Methodist church, Oakland,
to be held next Wednesday, Octo-
Der Is, at O'Clock in the Fellow
ship hall of the church.
A film, Hawaii. the Crossroads
of the Pacific" will be shown.
Mrs. Dale Garman will be in
charge of the program, assisted by
Miss Ethel Hesser, Mrs. Helen
Buchanan and Mrs. Richard Davis.
Hostesses will be Mrs. Buchanan.
Mrs. Mabel Sollars, Mrs. Irwin
Field and Mrs. Robert Stemple.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1958-10-09
CARD OF THANKS

We desire to express our sincere
thanks and appreciation to all our
friends for their kindness and help
fulness during the illness and fol-
lowing the death of the late Miss
Ruth Moon.
We also want to thank Rev. Paul
Poland for his comforting words
and all who gave flowers and con-
tributed the use of their automo-
biIes for the funeral service.
Mr.. and Mrs. Boyd Hardesty
and Daughters
ADV. 1t#
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1958-10-09

Mr.. and Mrs Gilbert Filsinger, of
near Deer Park, announce the en-
gagement and approaching mar
riage of their daughter, Mary Helen,
to Edward E. Lightner, of Alex
andria, Va. a son of Mrs. Lena
Lightner, of Washington, ID. c.
Miss Filsinger is graduate Of
Oakland High school, class of 1851,
and a graduate of Zion Bible In
stitute, East Providence, r. l., class
of 1854 She is presently employed
in Washington. d. c., for the De-
partment of the Army.
An early fall wedding is planned.