davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
& Citizens
Deposits Near
$50 Million

Deposits of the First and Citi-
Gems National Bank of Alexan-
dria totaled $40. 420.776 on De-
cember 81, a gain Of 7.6 per cent
from $45,9l9.64l a year earlier.
President Clarence J. Robinson
reported today.
Assets amounted to $53, 65T. :
929. an increase of rs per cent
from $49.920.326 at the close
Of the previous year.
Mr.. Robinson said there was
a 10 per cent increase in loans
Of all kinds during the year and
a Is per cent increase in net
profit. both before and after in
come taxes.
The banks investments in
Government obligations in
creased 4 per cent and invest
ments in. state and municipal
obligations we're up 80 per cent.
The 96-year-old institution Is
Virginia's oldest national bank
Il also is the largest bank in
Northern Virginia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
Suez Closing Cove
Punumu Best Year

BALBOA. Canal Zone, Jan. 3
R.-The Panama Canal Com
pany reported today that the
closing Of the Suez Canal last
year boosted Its revenue by So
million.
Summarizing operations In
the year which ended last June
80. the company said about
liz million long tons Of cargo
that would have gone through
the Suez came here instead.
The Egyptians blocked the Suez
canal after the November, 1856.
attack by Britain and France.
and 1t was not cleared until
April, 1857.
The company aeported a net
income Of $3,82i,456 during the
biggest year In its history.
A large part OF the increased
business picked up from Suez
apparently will be retained. the
company predicted. Even more
significant than the rerouting
Of ships has been the modifi-
cation Of world trade patterns
which has been advantageous
to the Panama Canal" the re-
port said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03

business decisions these days
The tuition differential between
the State : supported schools
and the nontax-supported in
dependent colleges tends to
send new hordes Of students
TO the State institutions. Tina;
will require more facilities
and higher taxes for State
education.
Let us have no illusions as
TO the effect OF this on our cor
porate tax structure" warns H.
w Prentis. jr.. chairman Of
Armstrong Cork.
Corporations are stepping up
their giving to the independent
colleges. One aim is to help
them hold down tuition and
dormitory charges. Another is
to raise faculty salaries so that
colleges won't lose good men
often TO industry itself.
Today 453 of the smaller
nontax-supported colleges OF
liberal arts and sciences with
total enrolment Of 10000 are
grouped into 80 State associa :
tons using a cooperative sys-
tenn Of asking corporations for
one gift for all.
Some $4,000 banks. corpora
tons. partnerships and indi-
vidual business firms contribute
TO them on this plan. Total
gifts this year are estimated at
SIS million. a gain Of SIS
million over 1855.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
Key Stocks Rise
/ 10 7 Points in
Active Trading

NEW YORK. Jan, , R.--
The stock market continued It's
New Years rally with more
active trading and good gains
on a broad front early this
afternoon.
After q barely higher start.
the market went TO town in
late morning. posting gains
Of l or 2 points for key stocks
in many sections.
Rails. steels and motors were
In more brisk demand than
other groups but aircrafts. base
metals, chemicals. airlines and
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. also showed
respectable gains.
Wall streeters said there was
still plenty Of scope for i'm
provement after the heavy
year-end tax selling. They also
noted improved sentiment in
the steel and rail industries.
expectations OF bigger defense
spending and an easing Of
credit for housing.
Reports Of layofis in various
industries were still making
news.
The Associated Press average
of so stocks at noon was up
$i.20 to $i5T.S0 with the in
dustrials up $i.40. the rails up
$2.S0 and the utilities up 10
cents.
Corporate bonds were irregu-
lar. United States Government
bonds advanced.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
Log Continues
In Bill Payments

MINNEAPOLIS. Jan. 3 GP.-
Americans continued to lag in
paying their bills promptly dur
ing the fourth quarter Of 1857,
the American Collectors Asso-
citation collection index showed
"Overbuying continues as the
number one reason for non
payment Of bills" said John w
johnson. executive secretary OF
the association.
Unemployment caused by
layoffs Of seasonal workers. cut
back in Government contracts
in some areas. and an unusually
high amount of illness also con-
tributed to consumers inability
to pay. an association state
ment said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
BUSINESS
BRIEFS
Bank clearings in the holiday

Bank clearings in the holiday
week ended Wednesday totaled
$50. 973. 46l 900 compared with
$20.2li. 208. 900 in the preceding
holiday week and s23 .323. $780,
900 in the five-day week a year
ago.-Dun & Bradstreet.
Loans 10 brokers and dealers
on other than United States
Government securities held by
member banks in New York
City totaled 1919 million yes
terday. an increase Of sl36
million from a week before. and
a decrease Of S258 million from
a year before.
Commercial and industrial
loans Of Reserve member banks
in leading cities rose So million
during the week ended Dec. IS.
raising the total of such loans
at reporting banks TO t3i.676.-
900. 900. - Federal Reserve
Board.
Heavy Construction contract
awards for 1857 totaled ST.
985. S45. 900. third highest yearly
total in history. Volume was
down II per cent from record
made in 1856 and 80 per cent
under the 1855 total-Engineer-
ing News Record.
Trans World Airlines will
start nonstop service from
New York to Madrid Sunday,
The once-weekly fight win
take II hours.
Allis- Chalmers and Radio
Corp. report they have formed
q combined engineering organi-
zation to design and build a
facility at Princeton University
for advanced research in con-
trolled thermonuclear reactions.
Shipments Of the copper and
brass mill industry in the. first
nine months OF 1857 were 28l
million pounds lower than in
the same portion Of 1856
Commerce Department.
First National City Bank OF
New York reports its 1857 earn
ings plus those Of its affiliated
City Bank Farmers Trust Co.
rose to s60.205. 900. equal to
$500 a share from $5l ,962 900.
or $4.33 q share in 1856.
Chemical Corn + x c h angeI
Bank reports record net oper-
ating earnings Of S24.609. 907.
equal to $3.50 a share for 1857.
In 1856 the bank earned
$20.5S2.69l. equal to $3.23 a
share.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
Sputnik Begins to Bring
Checks to Colleges

NEW YORK. Jan. 3 LP.--One
form Of giving Is getting a
boost today from Sputnik.
College presidents report that
c corporation executives are
opening their checkbooks q bit
wider now that all the hula
baloo over Russian scientific
advances has given sharp point
to the needs Of higher educa-
ton in America. Corporate
support in 1857 to all phases
OF education Is expected TO
reach $50 million.
Business was already in
creasing its giving to educa-
ton. The need for more tech
nicians and higher skills in
many corporate fields has i'm
pressed business leaders for
some time.
Taxes enter the picture. too
las they do In almost all
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
Pulo Plan Studied
Bv Newfoundland

ST. JOHNS. Newfoundland,
Jan. 3 tP).-If the Newfound-
land legislature grants its APP
prevail. Crown zellerbach Corp.
will. begin early this year to
study the possibility Of estab-
fishing a big pulp and paper
project on the south coast Of
Newfoundland.
A Joint announcement by
Premier Smallwood Of New
foundland and p. T. Sinclair,
president of Crown Zellerbach
(Canada) Ltd. said the flrfn
has plans for mills that would
produce 400 tons Of newsprint
and up to 1000 tons Of chem
ical pulp a day.
The Newfoundland cabinet
has approved the plan. and II
will so before the legislature
which opens January 20.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
New Ford MeduIist
On Sale This Month

DETROIT. Jan. 3 (R.-
Ford's Lincoln and Mercury
division announced today a
new low-price model called the
Medalist will go on sale this
month.
The new unit. on a 122-inch
wheelbase. will be powered
with q Va engine designed to
provide extra gasoline econ
omy. It will have a suggested
list price OF $2,324 for the two
door sedan and $2.3S0 for the
four-door sedan. These prices
are sos and s97 respectively
lower than the present lowest
price Mercury models.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
Chevrolet Leeds
Ford in 81 Output

DETROIT. Jan. 3 R.-
Chevrolet outproduced Ford
division by la units in pas
Senger cars last year. according
70 figures announced by Gen.
eral Motors and the Ford Motor
Co.
The figures were Chevrolet
l.522.550: Ford division, 1872. :
406.
The figures. Of course. in
clude totals for December
which are described as pre-
liminary and subject to change.
Tabulations Of retail deliv-
cries have not yet been COM
pleted. However. the most re-
cent count showed Ford with
an apparently safe lead Of
around $4,000 units.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
Record Net Seen
For N. & w.

ROANOKE. Va. Jan. 3 R.-
The Norfolk and Western Rail.
ways gross and net earnings
for 1887 will reach an all time
high. r. H. Smith. NEW pres
ident. forecast at a meeting Of
Roanoke Better Service Club
last night.
Noting that final 1857 figures
have not been completed. Mr..
Smith noted your Norfolk and
Western had q pretty good year
contrary to the general
trend in the railroad industry"
The president said last years
coal loadings probably reached
AN all time high mostly be-
cause of the continued growth
of our volume Of export coal
traffic"
Although coal for the steel
industry and other uses fell of
sharply" he said the export
volume i nl957 was higher than
the previous year in every
except November.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
cHrGO LIVESTOCK

CHICAGO. Jan. !. aP.--seiahis haas
s.0oo. active eutchefs SO 10 1 a
IRON Tssfsass's 'i io@ .Im ne !, sews s'e.s
2 mostly 80 hisher GOOD shIuptnr
demand e-3 ia0.e3a ~. hutckers
~ 90: 10 so; more unlfofm i-3s 100.
go lbs lH50-lgsk. and 81 READ
closely sosied mostly LES sio is.
x 90; "a @5n-sH0 he Is 0O-ia 90:
s19.ss0 lbs. iT.s0-ls IS. and some
y s9o-1.s lbs At ~ co. IL 50: IsTssr
iot. MIXED Grade a7A-ssO 10. ssus
lt.la-ia00. some 3OO-3dO ia fs co.
1880, eood clearance
aalahle cattle 500: calves 100.
prime absent steers aud hsifeTs choice
and below scarce, weak COWS iuiiy
.ieady. other classes yere steady 3
few loads and lots 5000 and choice
steers l,iS0 lbs. down % Oa-s5 so:
30 head sood LOO lbs st.35. few
cutter holstein steers IL 90. lev
5000 and choice heifer 81 fs-ss 90:
standard down 10 10 10: utility and
commercial COWS Is OO-i7 Isl most
s s,i,,, and eut.ers is Oo-i 90.
~ 90, yealers 3O0 90 down. . few
hsh; bulls ~ low a. 1000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
FOREIGN EXcH'GE

NEW YORK. Jan. . A.--Furelgn
snehanse rates Great Britain in dol
iars others In eentsl.
Canadian dollar In New York open
MARKET Y per cent premiun or lOi IS
U. 2. cents on 3I33 Of a cent.
Europe Great Britain fpoundl.
Sssl ilas, on 3I39 Of cent. Great
britain. 3O-day futures, $50 pI33. on
OF cent Great Britain. d0-day
iSs.gsss' S 6i1s. "a 4 Of sspt; oTs,,
Of 2 cent; Belsium tfrancl hNN. on
.00is Of cent; France lfranci safs
OF a cent. UNCHANGED; Germany WEST
eInl tDeutsehe mark, a3h0, I'M
shansed. Holland lsuildsrl, 70 so. un-
ansssnsed; sweden Ss' sir sssaS' 1891.
UNCHANGED: Switzerland ffraneD free
.9al. unbalanced: Denmark tkronel,
~ so. UNCHANGED.
attn America: Adsentlna (freel.
ga, unchenged, Brasil lfrcel, l1i,
nnehanget: Venezuela tbollvarl, a0.03,
UNCHANGED.
Far Fa.i: Hons Kons dollar. 1890,
UNCHANGED.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
N. Y. PRODUCE

NEW YORK. Jan. 3 IN tuepAl.-
Wholesale csc prices were weak today.
prices base don exchange and other
volume. sales New York spot quota
Midvsstern--Mixsd eoiors. extras
.4s-e0 lbsJA .40-4l; extras large ltb-
~ lbll. 39iR-tO: extras medium.
larss asiI-36 checks. Sss.Jf.
Whites. extras $500 ,lbsl. 5000
s ssiTs: m lssSs % liS Browns s' .s,lS
:, Nssrsys-whiis,. top quality. 1880
s i3a ' 5s.ss RBs sSWns ,cp SsS,iieis;
$3.50 lb.,l. .43-4ti mediums. 4Its-
fsn small. 1910, ....
lfrsahl Creamery, b3 score iAay.
60E 20 score tBl, eO-60h. -
cheese--steady, Receipts, ia0. 600.
Prices UNCHANGED.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
BY SAM DAWSON
Press Financial Writer

NEW YORK. Jan. 3.-Janu-
airy should see the start Of the
test Of the new theory Of busi-
ness cyeles-the theory that
new cushions have been pro-
vided making unlikely any hard
bumps.
These cushions helped ease
the previous postwar recess
sions, those Of 1919 and OF
l953-54. But this time there
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
CHICAGO GRAIN

prizes moved hisher on the Board Of
rraoe To-Day. led By advances of more
than cent a hushei ior Ire bread
eFslns a. the outset OF trading.
trace expectations OF large scale
uyine BY exporters IN the near future
accounted for the deman for wheat
Pakistan rtp1rtediy purchased around
nnnu0 bushels OF hard weat over
nleht haf dozen other countries
are expected TO Commence buvtn~
wheat shortly
RYE futures followed wheat upward.
se2rins early rains OF almost two cens /
Near the end Of the nrs, hour
whea, was ! 70 Ia hiaher. March
ss.2ob corn unchansed 10 {. hirher.
March sl.iSas. oats "a 10 a hisher
March ~ re = 20 y hishsr, March
nary s2.2Sa. ana lard vas anehansed
uary sii.60.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
TRADE
WINDS
Nv LOU SCHNEIDER

~ ~ ~ AJ~AAAN
Though some economists still
yell nuts to talk Of q slow
down" the fact is that Amer
lean business today faces its
greatest marketing challenge
in decades. Make no mistake
about 1t. say leading corporate
heads.
A strong readjustment comes
naturally after three years Of
unparalleled prosperity. Gen.
eral conditions probably will
turn worse before they get bet
ter. But the new year. as a
whole. can turn out to be a
good one.
Harlow H. Curtice. president
Of General Motors. admits
there's a sharp lag in new car
sales. He attributes the drop 70
the lack of confidence on the
part Of business and consumer
But II would still be a good
year even II total sales were
only Sc million units.
And Eugene Holman. chair
man of Standard OIL IN. ~,
admits his industry will again
face the problems of excessive
stocks and some price weak
ness in 1858. But it still will be
favorable because it may show
some gain over 1857.
Chairman Wendell B. Barnes
Of the Small Business Admins
tration admits there's some
slackening in overall business
activity. But. says Mr.. Barnes,
1858 will be relatively good
compared with the volume of
only a few years ago.
That's the way IL goes
throughout the business lines:
1858 may dip from 1857 levels.
but will be q relatively good
year. In other words. hopeful.
Gordon Churchill, Canada's
minister of trade and COM
merces admits an increasing
slack in Canada'S economy
with little evidence of forces to
generate new strength quickly.
The hint is of some form of
public works to aid the situa-
ton. But the December bust
ness review Of the Bank CT
Montreal declares the economy
is leveling out after the 1855
and 1856 climb and the long
range prospects indicate higher
ground ahead. Neil J. McKin-
non. president of the Canadian
Bank of Commercs. says de-
spite some lag in the economy
there are elements of stability
winch are sources OF reaSSur"
ance" for lonc-term prospects.
In Japan. business leaders
fear the prospect of a recession
That's the opinion OF japanese
NJ anag EN- mt Association
leading economic organization
in that country. MaSamichi
Jamagiwas. governor Of the
Bank Of Japan. cautiously sug-
gests Japan's economy had best
lie low" in 1858. But 1t may be
hat conditions will hold above
some Of the more bearish pre-
dictions.
consolidated News Features)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
CIuett. Peabody Cuts
Prices on Some Lines

NEW YORK. Jan. 3 (P.-
Cluett. Peabody g. Co. Inc. to-
day reduced prices on some
lines of dacron and cotton
blend dress shirts, effective i'm
mediately. The company makes
Arrow brand shirts.
Dacron-cotton white and
piece dyed shirts were reduced
to $4S.75 a dozen with a sug-
gested retail price of $685. each
from $3.50 a dozen with a sug-
gested price of $7.95 each.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
NEW YORK COTTON

NEW YORK, Jan. 2 R1.--Further
sa ns dssns sr0P IN 'r sCoD S ,Us,
gurlns the late morning Commission
house and New orleans buying was
credited 10 views that early action
on farm legislation 4 unlikely,
were slight for any major chance in
the present cotton nroeram, Under
this program, q somewhat higher loan
Is anticipated on the 1893 cotton crop
than on the 1887 crop because q
further reduction OF surplus stocks
this season.
Nearby futures were quiet and held
n check BY light LIQUIDATION and
Noon prices were Is cents TO 81 .Os
March jb,Oi. MAY 1905 ana July
$500.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
METAL PRICES

NEW YORK. Jan. . Rl.-spot metal
prices today Copper shih-27 cents a
pound Connecticut valley. Lead n
cents a pound. East 81 Louis, Tin
ora cents pound. New York For
eien silver Saaa cents per troy ounce,
New York
WAS quoted At ~ O0-3a 90.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
HevEiv Sales on me srshsnss
lIiOo am $50 600 Moon Gao ooo
TOO Pm I 2eo 600 100 m o 600 600

iunlt Of trading 10 shares or sale. IN
full; Rates o. dividends in the foresolna
table are annual disbursements based "a
the. last quarterly or semi.annual declR.
raiion. Unless Otherwise noted, special
OF extra dividends are not included,
q Also extra or extras, Annual Me
plus stock dividends. d Declared or paid
OF paid so far this year. PAYABLE IN
stock during 1851. estimated cash value
9 Paid last year h Declared OF paid
after stock dividend OF split.up kDe.
clarcd or paid IDS year, an accumulative
this year, dividend omitted, deferred or
no action taken NJ last dividend meeting.
dend. Payable In stock during 1855,
estimated cash value, - ex-dlvidend or
ex.dlstributlon date. .yLiguldatinG diyi.
dend,. cid Called. Ex dividend. KIDS
l Es distribution. II M rilhi.. Nv With;
When distributed. wi When issued. nd
Next day delivery, I'm bankruptcy OF
recelyerahip or being reorganlzed under
ihe bankruptcy Act, OF securities assumed
BY such companies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
DEALINGS

NEW YORK, Jan. VE1 THE. New
these odd 10, transactions by principal
dealer, for January Purchases 81
shares Including i,642 shares sold
short
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
Business Cycle Theory
Get New Test Soon

are some conditions different
from the earlier years.
These cushions that have
been built in the last rs years
are such things as unemploy-
ment benefit payments that
help keep consumer spending
fairly high even when the job
less total is rising--some In
dustries also have q modified
form of unemployment insur-
ance for their workers--and
Government pump printing
through housing, highways and
other public works.
Spending Stepped Up
To these has been added Of
late a planned stepup in Gov
eminent spending for defense.
What happened in 1887. as
described today by the First
National City Bank Of New
York in its monthly review OF
the economy. was lust q pc.
Rod Of drifting followed by q
gentle slide"
The question as January gets
under way is whether the gen.
tie slide will continue TO be
gentle for a few months or
whether the cushions viii prove
inadequate TO prevent a real
drop before spring.
Industrial production has al
ready dropped SIS per cent
from its peak, mostly in the last
months Of the year. In the two
previous recessions it took about
a year to bring production
down 10 per cent.
The jobless total went to ~
million in the i949 setback and
to 81 million in 1854. 1t now
tops three million and some
say it will rise to four million
soon and others think 1t may
hit five million.
Consumer spending held high
through both previous recess
sions. But there were two
cushions then that we may not
have this time: Cuts in per-
sonal income taxes and pentup
consumer demand for homes
and appliances.
Trend Is Vital
It's the trend in consumer
buying that most economists
think will determine how far
down we slide
The First National City Bank
points out three other things
that may determine how soon
the economy will rally: /. The
promptness with which busi-
ness firms adjust their inven-
tories" 2. The amount and
timing Of fiscal and monetary
measures to counterfeit recess
sionary trends
The third trend is largely up
10 the men In Washington: To
the Federal Reserve Board
which will decide how soon and
how much the money and credit
situation should be eased; the
Congress which will set the
amount the Government win
spend on new defense items
and on public works Of various
sorts. and the administration
which win decide how fast the
spending should be.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
DIVIDENDS

-. NEW NEW YORK, Jan. . s.-Divi'
The Glacier reporter., 1958-01-09

given to persons unemployed or
underemployed.
Fuhrer emphasized the fact
that the applicants general past
record. school records. employ
ment and self.employment will
be carefully reviewed to deter.
mine whether or not he possess.
es the potentials to personally
benefit and can use the training
to secure reasonable and salts.
factory employment.
The amount of school training
the applicant has had will be
considered In relation to the type
of training he Is interested in
taking.
Some training courses require
elementary school background
while others require completion
Of high school.
Only schools located in Oak
land. California. St. Louis. Mis-.
souri,, and Chicago are participat.
ing in this program at the pres
ent time, Fuhrer said.
Applicants selected will be un.
der the general supervision of
the field relocation offices To-
Gated in these cities and the
length of the training period
varies with each course: but in
all cases cannot exceed "a
months.
If the school Is closed during
the summer months, the student
may find employment in the city
and resume his studies when
school re-opens. Many of the
courses can be completed with.
out any breaks for vacation.
Academic or professional train.
Ing Is not offered. Fuhrer said.
The courses available are of a
vocational nature and are de-
signed to equip the student for
employment upon completion.
Financial assistance will be
granted on the basis of need and
within certain limitations.
Fuhrer listed among the cate.
gories Of financial assistance
available, transportation and
subsistence to place selected for
training; food and shelter, health
coverage. housewares. items for
personal appearance during the
course Of training. and tuition.
books. supplies and tools selected
for training.
Upon completion Of the train.
ing course, the student will be
given assistance by the school
and the Field Relocation office
In finding employment.
The Glacier reporter., 1958-01-09
Adult Vocational Training Available
TO Indians Accented For Relocation

Blackfeet Aghncy Relocation
officer Reuben Fuhrer said this
week that In order to enable the
Indians to better equip them.
selves for employment, the 84th
Congress, End session, passed
Public Law $50 on August 3,
1855.
The necessary funds to carry
out this program are now avail.
able. Fuhrer said. and applica.
tions are being entertained. How.
ever. Fuhrer said. since funds
are limited. the number Of per-
sons accepted will also be limit
ed.
Fuhrer also pointed out that
certain eligibility requirements
have been established. among
which an applicant for Adult
Vocational Training must be a
member Of a recognized tribe,
band or group of Indians; must
live on restricted land or trust
lands, or federal lands under the
jurisdiction of the Department
of the Interior, and must be at
least 10 and not more than IS
years of age.
In the selection of persons for
this training, preference will be