davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17
Senate

HR 13247. Cooper Republican
of Kentucky amendment to re-
duce from SITS million to SIS mil
lion the annual authorization for
the creation of national defense
scholarships and limiting each
scholarship award to $3.50 per
year. Agreed to, 46-42.
FOR: Byrd, Democrat Of Virginia Robert
son, Democrat OF Virginia; Bean, Re-
publican Of Maryland
AGAINST: None.
HR 13247. Passage of the bill.
Passed. 62-26.
FOR: Beau
AGAINST: Byrd, Robertson and Butler.
Trade Agreements Extension
Act Of 1858. extending the recip-
rocal trade program through June
30, 1862. Adoption of the confer
ence report. Adopted, 1918.
FOR; Byrd, Robertson, Bean and Butler.
AGAINST: None.
HR 1921. National Defense
Education Act of 1858, authoriZ-
ing approximately S1.3 billion in
Federal grants and loans for a
seven-year program of aid to the
Nations students and schools.
Mcnamara Democrat of Mich
igan) amendment to add to the
bill a section authorizing. annual
grants to the States of 81 billion
for two years for public school
construction. Rejected, 30-6l.
FOR: Beau
AGAINST: Byrd. Robertson and Butler.
by Confessional Quarterly
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17
THE NATIONAL SCENE

under the internationally consti-
tuition"
Committee investigators have
found strong ties between Team
ster officials and the underworld,
but worse, they have evidence that
Teamster influence in high places
has surrounded the 1.5-million
member union with a cloak of
immunity from the law.
The committee had hoped its
revelations would bring corrective
legislation and public awareness of
the underworld's infiltration into
the Transfers and some other
labor unions. Chances for passage
of such legislation were consid-
erably diminished last Thursday
when the House Education and
Labor Committee killed a mild
Senate approved bill which would
protect the integrity Of union well
fare funds and provide for honest
elections.
Some House members said the
legislation would be brought up
Monday under suspension of the
rules. But even if Speaker Ray
burn recognizes a member and
suspends the rules. there still is
some question whether the bill can
muster the two thirds vote neces-
sary for passage.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE

Thor Vanguard, ready for mans
first attempt to orbit the moon.
The relative positions of the earth
and the moon will be at the OPP
timum only four days each month,
and for August those days are to-
day. tomorrow, Tuesday and We'd
nesday.
Newsmen have gathered on the
beaches near the test site in an
ticipation of a launching today or
tomorrow. The huge rocket, if
launched successfully, will take
over two and half days to reach
the moon. Inside its nose is an
elaborate instrument package"
to pick up and relay back to
earth, in code. details of the trip.
If the rocket should go into orbit
around the moon, pictures of the
back side" may be transmitted
to observers on earth.
Despite the reticence of the Air
Force, there was an air Of high
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17
The Average
Employe

BY and large, Federal en-
ployes are just like a cross-sec-
ton of the people in any town
they have the same hopes,
ambitions, and problems.
The average Federal employee
is male, married, and a veteran.
He works hard in This job and
counts himself a member of
the middle-income group. The
chances are that he is buying
a home and owns a car that is
several years old. His savings
such as they are-probably
are in Government bonds pur-
chased through payroll deduc-
tionS.
He is interested in commu-
nifty affairs and is active in
church and civic groups. He
pays taxes, responds to charity
drives and to appeals for blood
donations.
In Short-the average Fed
eral employee is an average
American except that he works
for the government rather than
for himself or a private en-
DISQUALIFICATION of the auer-
age United States empIoye in
the tOords of the CiUn Service
Commission itself in a fact sheet
on its 18th anniversary.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17
The Shadow of China

A dark shadow behind the
scenes at the U. N. was the vast
bulk of Communist China. Oppo-
sition Of the Peiping regime to the
proposed summit meeting under
Security Council auspices is cred
tied by most observers with bring
ing about the present assembly
session. The Chinese Communist
goal is to replace the Nationalist
of Generalissimo Chang Kai-shek
IN the U. N. and particularly on
the very important Security Coun-
Gil. The tactics of the Soviet bloc
at the Assembly session are ex-
pected to reflect this aim more
than ever since the influence of
Peiping on Moscow's policy has
been so clearly revealed.
Even as the U. N. sought a solu-
ton in the Middle East, reports
from FormoSa described a Chinese
Communist Step-up in military ac-
tivity opposite the Nationalist is
land stronghold that could be
ominouS. Opinion varied widely
as to the significance of the furry
of activity at this time. But
Radio Peiping was once again talk
ing of the liberation" of Formosa
from "Chiang's gangsters and the
American occupation" and MIG
II fighters from Fukien we're
clashing with Chiang's American
built Sabrejets over the FormoSa
Strait,
AS the week ended, there were
increasing indications that the
United States and Britain were
moving carefully to transfer the
Vests leadership in the Middle
East debates to more disinterested
spokesman. Norway was being
mentioned prominently as the
choice to sponsor a request to Mr..
Hammarskjold to seek, through
personal diplomacy. some &C
ceptable accommodation in the
Middle East.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17

imagine Harry s. Truman, with
hisscampaign philosophy of Give
EN- hell" paying such q compli-
ment to, his opponent as Douglas
did to Lincoln?
And can anyone imagine Frank
lin Delano Roosevelt standing arm
in arm with Herbert Hoover on a
hotel balcony during their cam
paign as Douglas and Lincoln did
at Freeport?
How They Looked
AS they stood ON that balcony
there was remarkable contrast
between them. Douglas, about
feet tall, had a round face, thick
neck and Napoleonic shape of
head. He wore a fancy ruffled
shirt. dark blue coat with shiny
buttons, light trousers. highly pol
ished shoes, and a white soft hat.
He looked the picture of success.
In contrast, Lincoln, 6 feet
4 inches tall, had a lean, home
ly, sorrowful face, stopped shoul-
ders, and general ungainly APP
pearance. He wore an old high
stovepipe hat, coarse rusty look
ing coat with sleeves too short.
and baggy looking trousers which
were SO short that they showed
his unpublished rough boots.
When the candidates arrived at
the seven cities for joint debate on
separate special, or regular, rail-
road trains they were greeted with
a salute of artillery guns. Then a
band of music escorted them to
their hotel.
Another procession formed with
a band of music as they wendell
their way from the hotel to the
speaking grounds where they
usually arrived about two in the
afternoon. In these professions
the candidates added color. For
example. at Freeport, Douglas rode
in a splendid carriage drawn by
white horses. "Old Abe" rode
with a dozen dirt farmers in
an old-fashioned Pennsylvania
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17

tive Adam Clayton Powell, ir., de.
manded that Tammany Hall re-
shuttle Democratic leadership in
his Harlem district. Tammany
Leader Carmine DeSapio and
Governor Hartman were hardly
in position to refuse.
The front-runner to oppose Mr..
Hartman is multimillionaire Mel.
son A. Rockefeller. His leading
opponent in the forthcoming Re-
publican State convention in
Leonard w. Hall, former Repub.
hcan National Chairman.
The week also brought a fifth
candidate for the nomination for
United States Senator at the
Democratic convention in Albany.
August IS and Is. The late
starter but serious contender is
New York City District Attorney
Frank E. Hogan.
Mr.. Hogan entered the race
after Mayor Robert Wagner said
he would not be a candidate. The
District Attorney, who is said to
be the choice Of Tammany Leader
DeSapio. has some formidable
competition in James A. Farley.
former Postmaster General and
one-time Democratic National
Chairman. and Thomas K. Fin
letter, former Secretary Of the
Air Force.
The G. o. P. has no avowed
candidates for the seat being re.
hnquished by Senator Ives. a Re.
publican. All three leading Repub-
lican candidate for Governor have
insisted they aren't interested in
the senstoEial race but New York
Republican, are hoping that i
will be Rockefeller-Hall ticket.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17
R0ckets::
Illustration

The Senate Rackets Committee
last week found its renewed efforts
to bring James Hoffa to book for
his corrupt leadership Of the huge
Transfers Union a trying and
frustrating experience.
Before the committee Tuesday,
Mr.. Hoffa did not deny testimony
and evidence that the union had
employed IS ex-convicts in De-
troit: that it had spent hundreds
of thousands of dollars to defend
Teamster officials in criminal ac-
tons: and that the union had
paid $l14,719 to four officials of
Michigan local while they we're
serving prison terms for extortion.
Mr.. Hoffa'S answers gave the
committee very littl satisfaction.
He said he would dtA with team
ster corruption Gin due course . &.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17
What to Expect

Observers on the scene at the
General Assembly do not expect
much in the way of fireworks
from the emergency session. They
forecast:
(1) A lot of talk, with every
nation getting on the record in
some generalization.
90 A shifting of direction
toward the Secretary General,
Dag Hammarskiold, in the hope
that his notable ability as a
COMPROMISED might bring a work.
able solution to the current i'm
passe acceptable to both East and
West.
90 A significant gain in strength
for the neutralist block of nations
in the U. N.
a. A graceful and gradual
withdrawal of American forces
from Lebanon and, later, the
same of British paratroopers from
Jordan.
50 Last. but most important,
no showdown now between East
and West that would increase
the danger Of general war at
this time.
Unmentioned in Mr.. Eisen-
hower's speech to the Assembly,
but nevertheless a prominent
factor in the entire problem of
the Middle East. particularly in
the responses of the Arab states
themselves to U. N. proposals. was
the State of Israel. (See story by
William R. Frye on Page A-251
The Israeli delegation was busily
engaged in seeing to it that Mid
die East discussions consider fully
the role of Israel in the present
and future of the region. And
Arab delegationS were carefully
lodging anything thatrbuld con-
oeivably appear to their home
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17
Continued From Page AIS

Continued From Page AIS
couched his resolution in mild
phrases; he even offered to join
in consultations with the United
States, Britain and other nations
to seek a mutually acceptable
formula" for the stability of the
Middle East.
But the Soviet press and radio
was not so restrained. Moscow
radio charged that Mr.. Eisenhower
was attempting to "rehabilitate
the aggreSsors in the eyes of the
world" Pravda, Izvestia, and Red
Star assured their readers that
the Eisenhower plan was merely
a new device to perpetuate CAPT.
talist imperialism in the Middle
East and to assure "oil, oil, OIL"
AS of yesterday, nothing had been
heard directly from Premier Nikita
KhruShcheV,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17
Moon Shot,:
Today?

When the much-publicized first
attempt to launch an American
earth satellite fizzled at Cape
Canaveral. the armed forces
learned lesson. Yesterday the
Air Force was being super eau
tious about an impending event
the first moon SHOT" They
weren't talking.
On launching pad a. the Flor
ida test site stood a three-stage
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17
Big Survey to Study
Federal Executives
BY JOHN F. SEMBOWER
Special Writer for The st6A

CHICAGO I-The most ambitious effort made to probe
into executives
nd what makes them tick not tick about to be launched
by social scientists at the University of Chicago and
Cornell University with of $4,000 from the Carnegie Cor
poration in New York
analysis which guravey will put scientific sampling
Federal executives the ocoogts for soul
searching their most movation back
grounds training attitudes such expected to take
than three years.
1t win take up pilot study made by
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17

Continued From Page AIS
some Of the pet theories" Of the
Acc. particularly its advocacy of
unlimited testing.
In what seemed to be unfortu-
nate timing, the United States
last week exploded a test anti
missile over Johnston Island in
the Pacific. The explosion was
visible TOO miles away in the Ha-
waiian Islands, and. according to
Acc Commission Willard F. Lib
by. would send radioactive fallout
switling around in the upper skies
for 10 years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17
BY GEORGE w. GRUPP
Special Writer for The star

optciaA WfitcS Aof Ine ntar
One hundred years ago Thurs
day-August 81. le5e-Abraham
Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas
met in Ottawa. H.. for the first
Of their famous seven joint de-
bates.
The air was filled with excite
ment that day. Twelve thousand
persons gathered to hear the
orators. There were parades be-
fore and after the speeches. And
when the speakers made q point.
their partisans responded with
shouts and cheers.
This was the zenith Of stump
campaigning.
At stake was q seat in the
United States Senate. Douglas
was running for reelection as
United States Senator from
Illinois and Lincoln was trying
to gain his seat.
The issue was slavery and
States rights. Douglas believed
the States should decide whether
slavery would be permitted.
Lincoln commended that it should
and would-be decided on a
national basis.
The Orators: A Description
The orators presented a sharp
contrast. Stephen A. Douglas was
the most powerful man in the
Senate. He was the most infiuen-
tial person IN the Democratic
Party, and one of the best known
politicians in the United States.
Lincoln was merely country
lawyer who was practically UNI
known outside the State of Illi-
nois. Even though Lincoln was five
years the senior of Douglas, he
was only at the sunrise of his po-
litical career while Douglas was at
about the sunset of his political
career.
Both Douglas and Lincoln
started out in life as poor boys.
but Lincoln was the poorer. Both
had toiled with their hands. Doug
las as a farmer and cabinetmaker,
and Lincoln as a farmer and rail
splitter.
Lincoln and Douglas were self
made men except that the Little
Giant" had some formal elemen-.
tary education. Both were lawyers.
Douglas was a natural leader and
master of men; Lincoln. however,
did not possess the same degree
of these advantages. Both were
politicians and ambitious.
The Slavery Question
Neither of them advocated slav-
cry, but each had a different point
of view and method of dealing
with it. Douglas supported the
bred Scott decision and Lincoln
opposed it. Douglas did not care
had the individual States voted on
slavery. Lincoln did not believe
house divided against itself could
endure.
They had great respect for each
other in spite of their being po-
litical opponents. When Douglas
heard that Lincoln had been NOM
mated the Republican candidate
for United States Senator he said:
II shall have my hands full. He
is the strong man of his party
full of wit, facts, dates-and the
best stump speaker, with his droll
ways and dry jokes. He is as hon.
est as he is shrewd; and if / beat
him my victory will be hard won."
won"
In his opening speech of his
campaign, at Chicago on July 9.
1858, Douglas said Lincoln was "a
kind, amiable and intelligent gen.
tleman, a good citizen and an hon.
orable opponent" Can anyone
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17
The Skote::
Underneath

Following the lead Of her older
sister submersible, the USS
Nautilus, the nuclear powered
American submarine Skate last
week sailed under the polar ice
cap and the North Pole. The
Skate surfaced three times on her
trip. the last time of the ice island
T-3, where an American scientific
team has been conducting Arctic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17

rear perspectives and opportun-
tiles Of the service.
The investigators are intrigued
by their early findings that the
Federal executives do not appear
to possess to a marked degree a
strong sense of self-identity."
Whereas the Henry survey of
executives in private industry
stamped them Enthusiastically as
individuals who know what they
are and what they want and have
well-developed techniques for get
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17

excitement discernible among Of
flcerS and scientists connected with
the pioneering project as the
count-down seemed nearer. But
all they would admit openly was
careful opinion shat the chances
of successful firing were slim.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17

the blazing sun; settling down at
the towns where the meetings are
with hardly a chance for sitting,
and even less opportunity for eat
ing, waiting in anxious groups for
hours at the places of speaking,
amid the war of artillery, the mu-
sic of the bands, the waving of
banners, the huzzahs of the crowd
as delegation after delegation APP
pears, the cry of the peddlers
vending all sorts of ware, from
infallible cures to monster water
melons in slices to suit the pur-
chasers-combine to render the
occasion one scene of confusion
and commotion.
1.-THE hour of one arrives and
perfect rush is made for the
grounds; a column of dust rises
to the heavens and fairly deluge
those who are hurrying on through
it. Then the speakers come with
flags, banners. and music, sur
rounded by the cheering parti-
sans. Their arrival at the grounds
and immediate approach to the
stand is the signal for shots to
rend the heavens. They are in
PRODUCED to the audience amid
prolonged and enthusiastic cheers:
they are interrupted by frequent
applause and they sit down fl
nally amid the same uproarous
demonstration.
"The audience sit or stand
patiently throughout the debate,
and as the last word is spoken,
make a break for their homes,
first hunting up lost members of
their families, getting their scat
tered wagon loads together. and
as daylight fades away, entering
again upon the broad praries and
slowly picking their way back
to the place of beginning"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17

ting what they want" DR.. Miller
was puzzled that in many Federal
executives INSTEAD of conviction
there is doubt"
About Illustrations
HE wants to be many things,
but the means are not there; he
sees reality and it doesn't quite fit
with his conception of himself.
The solidarity of the group and
the family is the only haven, and
because he is apt to be frustrated
and not sure of his own long range
goals. his self control is not strong
and he tends to become a some
what hostile individual"
DR.. Miller hopes that the study
will indicate what can be done
about such tendencies, and how to
channel the Government execu-
tives' energies more effectively.
1t is believed that the upcoming
survey is far and away the most
extensive investigation ever made
inside the Government executive
structure, and that the only COM
parable analyses made in the past
are some investigations conducted
by sections of the Bureau of the
Budget in the Executive ONCE of
the President.
At the conclusion of the pilot
survey. DR.. Miller said that "a huge
job remains to be done, because we
know relatively little about the
constellation of psychological fac
tors which make up the complex of
the executive role in large organi-
cations. of which the Federal Gov
eminent is the biggest business"
Apparently the Carnegie Cor
poration has provided the means
for tackling the job on the scale
envisaged by DR.. Miller and his
associates, who now hope that
their preliminary assay of the Gov
eminent executive as IAN essen
TALLY nice guy" is true, since during
the next three years there will
have to be a considerable amount
of patience reflected on the part
of many of them as extensive
Cupboard interviewing is under
taken throughout the Federal
establishment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17
AN ANNIVERSARY WEEK .xSsaRRss All
Lncoln-D Douglas Debates After 100 Years

contrast, with his thin unmusical
voice had to lift it to a high pitch
in order that the people on the
outer edge of the crowd could
hear him.
The greatness of Douglas was
so exaggerated that any dogmatic
statement he made carried more
weight with the audiences than
the profoundest arguments Of
"Old Abe"
In spirit Douglas was agrees
Sive. alert and combative. In man.
ner he was either arrogant or
patronizing. Lincoln, on the other
hand, was imperturbable and
slow in getting started. But as
he proceeded he gained assurance
and spoke in a natural and con-
vincing power, and often rose to
eloquence.
The debates had brought the
two men to a common level to
test their intellectual strength.
The crowds were not disappointed
with the strength of Douglas, but
they were amazed by the unex.
pected power of Lincoln.
At the beginning of the CAM
paign, before the joint debates.
and in spite of the opposition Of
his friends Lincoln announced
the main issue of the debates.
1t was: "a house divided against
itself cannot stand. believe this
government cannot endure per-
manently, half slave and half
free. do not expect the house
to fall-but do expect it will
cease to be divided. 1t will become
all one thing, or all the other.
Either all the opponents of Slav-
cry will arrest the further spread
of it. and place it where the pub
lie mind shall rest in the belief
that it is in the course of ulti-
mate extinction. or its advocates
will push it forward till it shall
become alike lawful in all the
States, old as well as new, North
as well as South"
LineoIn's Friends Worried
Lincoln's stand made many of
his friends shiver for they believed
he would easily be delivered into
the hands of Douglas because the
Little Giant" in opening his cam
paign, and before agreeing to the
Joint debates. made a terrific at
tack on Lincoln's stand, by de-
claring: Lincoln advocates boldly
and clearly war of sections, a
war of the North against the
South, of the free States against
the slave States-a war of exter.
mination-to be continued relent-
leSSly until the one or the other
shall be Subdued, and all the
States shall become either free
or become slave"
Lincoln denied that he advo-
Gated war for he believed the
slavery question could be solved
with peaceful methods and with
out bloodshed. Lincoln denied
the implied charges of Douglas
seven questions.
Then Lincoln asked Douglas
four questions. In his second ques-
ton he asked: Can the people
of the United States Territory, in
a lawful way, against the wishes
of any citizen of the United States,
exclude slavery from its limits
prior to the formation of a state
constitution"
Douglass reply to that question
reelected him as United States
Senator for Illinois, but it lost for
him the presidency of the United
States for he had offended the
Southern bloc. And it was then
that Lincoln is reported to have
said to Joseph Medill of the Chi
cago Tribune: Nov have won
the place that he was playing
for"-meaning the Presidency OF
the United States
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17
Politics.:
Tempo Rises

The tempo of New York politics
picked up considerably last week.
After a lan6Slide victory in the
Democratic primary, Representa-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17

lands as any negotiations with
Jerusalem's representatives.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17
NEARBY VOTES

Votes of the nearby Maryland
and Virginia legislators on major
roll calls in Congress last week:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-17
DoueIos the Orotor

Douglas always addressed his
audiences with a finely modulated
voice which could reach the utmost
limits of the crowd. Lincoln, in