davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-02

If we must have 1t, 1t should be an army
capable of opposing every force threatening U.S.
elaborate on this issue because in my opin-
ion this explains the essence Of our view on all
armed forces in all countries We are accused Of
trying to keep large armed forces and Of allegedy
wishing to use them to impose our will on others;
we are accused of wishing to impose our theology
on other peoples by force.
Mr.. Dulles excels in this. But that Is all
bunkum. I think that Mr.. Dulles himself does
not believe what he says and If he persists in
saying 1t, it is only for propaganda purposes,
hoping to stir up hatred for the Soviet Union.
1t is sometimes pointed out that in my
speeches express conviction in the triumph of
our cause, that is, the cause of communism all
over the world. And on this basis our opponents
declare that the Soviet Union wishes to have large
armed forces in order to achieve its aim by force,
that is, dominate the world. That is also nonsense
Inevitable Victory
When we speak Of the triumph Of communism
all over the world, what we have in mind above
all is the inevitable victory of Communist ideas
and the triumph of Marxist-Leninist philosophy
the development of countries in conformity with
objective laws independent of our will, which
Marx and Lenin discovered. No armed forces
either conventional, or even less so atomic arm
aments-are needed for the triumph Of progressive
ideas expressing the pressing demands Of social
development.
If theory is correct and reflects the laws of
social development, it inevitably wins the minds
of millions upon millions of people and becomes
the mightest force in the struggle for everything
that is new and progressive. Socialist society
offers better material and spiritual opportunities
for the development of all means, and every man
wishes only for the best. 1t is clear then that
the ideas of socialism attract the working
people. -.
Such is our point Of view. OF course, the
process Of establishment of the Socialist system
does not develop simultaneously; every country
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-02

ern scientific discovery and de-
velopment. obsolescence is built
in to every brand-new weapon.
And to the crushing burden Of the
ornaments cost on the economies
Of the non-C Communist nations
would be added the terrifying
knowledge, the certainty, that to
lose this race would be to lose
survival.
The second alternative means.
on the face of it. acceptance Of
the Soviet Union and its institu-
tions as a fact Of life. Com
munist aims and ideas. Nikita
KhruShchev has assured the
world. will change only when a
shrimp learns to whistle"
Before the West could even
consider this second alternative.
there must be some reassuring
evaluation made of Communist
intentions. No possible deal can
be made without minimum assur-
ances of good faith. although
those minimum assurances can be
those generally prevailing in the
business world-that is. an as
sumption of enlightened self
interest" on the part of both par
ties to the bargain.
Elsewhere on this page, Mr..
Khrushchev, in an interview with
a British journalist. sets forth his
arguments for efforts to relax
world tensions, to establish a
modus vivendi between the Com
munist and non-Communist world
which would permit both to live,
free Of the constant terror of
nuclear humiliation. In his view,
there is nothing too serious stand
ing in the way of such a deal.
The Crowded Closet
But the first secretary of the
Communist Party is still able to
speak in generalitieS. He knows
there are bones in the closet
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-02

proportions" Senator Thurmond
of South Carolina has accused the
court of "usurping" legislative
powers.
On the other hand. the Ameri-
can Bar Association has con-
demned the bill as q threat to
the balance Of powers between the
executive, judicial and legislative
branches.
The 1868 Decision
The 1868 high court opinion
which acquiesced in the shearing
of its habeas corpus review pow
ers-since restored-was based on
q provision Of Article 3 Of the
Constitution.
~. The Supreme Court shall
have appellate jurisdiction, both Os to
law and foet, with such exceptions and
under such regulations os the Con-
sress shall moke."
This appears to give Congress
the power to except from Supreme
Court appellate review anything
it wishes. At least that Is the argyll
ment brought by the 1868 court
in a case involving the arrest by
the military Of a Mississippi editor
named McCardle.
The editor was held for trial
by a military commission as au-
thorized by one Of the reconstruc-
ton acts. He sought his release
on a writ Of habeas corpus arguing
that his constitutional rights to
indictment and jury trial were
being violated. The case was ac-
cepted by the Supreme Court and
arguments were heard.
The courts acceptance Of the
case disturbed and angered the
powerful extremist element In
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-02

now, build nuelear weapons. arm
guided missiles Of long range with
them. and dispatch them almost
anywhere on earth. Whatever the
reservations about the opera
tional" status Of Soviet weaponry,
it would be plainly folly to base
policy on any archaic assumption
that the people Of the Soviet en-
pire don't know how to flx a
spark plug"
Many Of our military and polit-
ical leaders are openly confident,
as Of now, that the recent Soviet
advances, as evidenced by the two
Sputniks and confirmed missile
flrings, still do not mean that
the West is inferior to the Soviet
world in military power. But none
Of them is willing to subscribe to
the notion that the balance Of
strategic power now prevailing will
remain static.
If the Communist nations
of the world accept the PROPOSE
ton that the strength Of the Com
munist bloc will continue to in
crease, then a decision must
quickly be made on what to- do
about it. There are alternatives:
I'd go all out in a crash endeavor
to keep ahead Of the military
power Of the Soviet Union and its
supporters, or (2) to seek prac-
tical accommodation with the
Soviet camp, one which would not
involve appeaSement or surrender.
or the unwilling subsection Of new
areas Of the world to the rule Of
Communist "liberators." In other
words, to deal with the Russians.
Crushing Burden
The first alternative clearly
means an arms race such as the
world has never known before.
With the incredible speed Of mod
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-02
GREAT DECISIONS !!
BY FRED THEROUX'
Star Stan Writer

It might be more meaningful If
our question. can we deal with
Russia" were preceded by the
single word "how." For we
meaning the United States and
our non-CommunlSt allies-must
deal with the Soviet Union in
some fashion. The pertinent
question. is this: Can we deal with
the Communist world as we would
deal with any other power. follow
ing accepted international usages,
or must we accept the inevitability
Of an Armageddon that would
destroy one or both Of the an
tagonists?
Many Communist theoreticians
and many more Communist prop
uganda hucksters have assured
the world that the struggle be-
tween Marxist socialism and
bourgeois capitalism" must in
evitably end in the destruction Of
one or the other. To the Com
munist, of course, the outcome is
certain, with or without violence:
Communism must triumph over
capitalism because Of the inexor-
able laws Of man and nature.
There are quotations from Lenin
and Stain to indicate that the
Communist world expects the diff
ference between collectivism and
capitalism to be resolved in a
holocaust, with communism tri-
umphant mainly because capt.
talisrn must, in the Marxist theol-
ogy. trip over its own contradic-
tons.
But history has long since
demonstrated that events seldom
follow forecasts. And the devel-
opment Of the worlds greatest
revolution has, in every case,
proved only that change is still
the law Of life, and that social
and political upheavals, no mat
ter how radical and violent they
may be. are no exceptions to this
rule. Thus today's Soviet Union
is not the Soviet Union Of 1920,
or Of 1880. or even of 1947. The
Communist theoreticians would
have the world believe the changes
in the Soviet state have con-
formed to the scientific" pattern
set forth by Karl Marx. At any
rate, those changes have been
great. They are still going on, and
today no amount of rationalizing
can account for them within the
Communist Manifesto.
Decision for the West
Today the non-Communist
world is facing a decision Of the
greatest complexity. No longer
is the policy decision a matter Of
'containment," or of massive re-
taliation," or Of craftsmanship"
Instead Of q relatively simple
situation, free world" with SUI
perior military and economic
power manning the baStions
against Communist aggression, to-
day the on-Communist world
faces q foe Of great actual and
potential power.
The Soviet Union can. we know
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-02
BY HOWARD L. DUTKIN
Star stan Writer

I'VE ore not ct liberty to inquire
into the motives Of the legislature. We
con only examine into its power under
the Constitution; and the power to
make exceptions to the oppellote
Jurisdiction Of this court is given BY
express words :"
Thus did the Supreme Court in
1868 unanimously uphold the right
Of Congress to restrict its powers.
That decision is one Of the
presidents cited by proponents Of
a bill sponsored by Senator Jen-
ner, Indiana Republican, which
would impose new congressional
restrictions on the High Court. The
1868 ruling concerned an act Of
the Reconstruction era Congress
depriving the court Of the power to
hear habeas corpus cases ema-
mating from Federal Circuit Courts.
The Jenner bill would ban High
Court review of any cases dealing
with contempt of Congress, the
Federal Employees Security pro-
grams, State and local laws
against subversion and rules for
admission to the bar.
Senator Jenner's bill arises from
bitter disagreement in some con-
gressional quarters with the High
Courts decisions, particularly in
subversion cases. It's hackers charge
that the court has lost all self
restraint. Judge William Old Of
the Chesterfield County (Va) Cir
cult Court, for example, declared
at Senate hearings on the Jenner
bill that the Supreme Court lis
determined to create, by usur-
patton and encroachment. q ju-
dicial obligarchy Of unparalleled
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-02
BY EARL H. VOSS
Star stan Writer

Impact. That is what argyll
ments for revitalizing American
foreign-aid policy have lacked in
the last several years and what
Eric Johnston sought to achieve
in Washington last week.
Most Of the 1900 American
leaders who came from all over
the Nation to the Statler Hotel
for Tuesdays foreign-aid clam
bake probably would agree that
he succeeded.
Here was a case where the adj
jective unprecedented" had a
place. No national program, even
in wartime, ever got the distin-
guished propulsion given it by
President Eisenhower, form e r
President Truman, twice-nomi-
mated presidential candidates
Thomas E. Dewey and Adlai Ste
venson, Secretary of State Dulles,
former Secretary Of State Ache
son, Vice President Nixon, House
Speaker Sam Rayburn, ex-Speaker
Joe Martin, Senate Majority
Leader Lyndon johnson. Senate
Minority Leader Knowland and
Chief Justice of the United States
Warren.
And that was just the first step.
Mr.. Johnston is now organizing a
national committee on foreign
economic policy of 300 to 400
leaders and planning regional
meetings on the grand scale Of
the Washington curtain-raiser.
Mr.. Johnston has mentioned the
University of Minnesota, Wash
ington University of st. Louis, the
University of Washington in
Seattle. and the University Of
California as likely sites.
The hope is that one or several
leading Washington figures on
foreign aid can visit the regional
meetings. Mr.. Johnston also plans
to have literature printed-"well-
written" literature that is simple
and straightforward, he says-and
he hopes to persuade Walt Disney
to illustrate the campaign.
Unprecedented Move
Perhaps the closest thing to Mr..
Johnston's broad-gauged effort to
appeal to the American people,
not behind the back of Congress
but over its head, was the war
bond sales campaign of World
War II. But even the stresses Of
mortal combat never evoked the
concerted effort which Mr.. john
Ston and his White House COM
mittee achieved last week.
The strategy is to build enough
of a fire in CongresSman's con-
stituencies so that those Repre-
sentatives and Senators who
genuinely favor technical assis-
lance and economic aid will be
able to vote their minds. There
are enough of those, administra-
ton Strategists believe, to carry
the Eisenhower program through
unscathed if the public can be
"activated" by summertime.
One Representative who had
been listening closely to the
Dulles brothers. Adlai Stevenson.
Harry Truman. Vice President
Nixon and President Eisenhower,
confided: "You know, I'd really
like to vote for these technical as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-02
That Bipartisan Spectacular
Was No Cinch to Produce

getting White House appointment
as foreign-aid promoter.
Presidential Assistant Sherman
Adams apparently doesn't cotton
to Mr.. Johnston's free-wheeling
generosity with the public purse
in the foreign economic field.
There were several days of I'M
certainty. insiders now say, before
Mr.. Johnston got the promotion
job because of Mr.. Adams resist
ance.
The second problem was making
the foreign-aid campaign biparti-
san on the highest level.
Mr.. Johnston started with the
idea of having President Eisen-
hover and the two living express
idents. Hoover and Truman, mo-
nopolize the opening effort, pro-
jected as an evening TV show.
Mr.. Eisenhower repeatedly re-
jected this idea himself.
There are two versions of how
Mr.. Eisenhower informed Mr..
Johnston of his attitude. One is
that the President said he be-
lieved an appearance with Mr..
Truman would so bemuse news
men that the impact of the aid
plea would be diluted.
According to the other version,
which Mr.. Johnston fatty denies.
the President became very angry
when it was suggested he appear
on the same platform with his
predecessor.
Whichever way the change in
plans came about, Mr.. Johnston
still was able to generate a re-
markable display of high-level be
partisanship by arranging for Mr..
Truman to speak at luncheon and
the President at dinner.
The Money Problem
There was left a third prob
lem: Financing.
To get started quickly, Mr..
Johnston repeatedly went to Nell
son A. Rockefeller and obtained
his agreement to underwrite the
opening-day event. Mr.. Rookie
Teller readily agreed. but Sug-
gested that he act only as back
stop until other backing could be
found.
The wheels were then set in
motion to call the conference. In
the meantime, Mr.. Johnston re-
portedly persuaded congressional
leaders of both parties to obtain
backing from wealthy angels"
of their past campaigns. Both
parties found willing financial
supporters. Last January 81, 16 Of
them. some Democrats, some Re-
publicans, met with the President
at lunch in the White House. Mr..
Johnston, Mr.. Nixon, Undersecre-
tary of State Herter and ICA Di-
rector James H. Smith, jr., were
also there.
Money to pay for the rest Of
the campaign is now to be raised
by the new national committee.
Mr.. Johnston is not ruling out
the possibility that another big
Washington jamboree may be
necessary come summertime and
the crucial votes in Congress. He
seems confident that it could be
done again, if this were judged
to be an effective or necessary
measure to make the final sale
on Capitol Hill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-02

Congress led by Pennsylvania
Thaddeus Stevens.
Two years before. they recalled.
the high court had freed from
military custody. on writ Of
habeas corpus. one Lambdin P.
Milligan, a resident of Indiana.
He had been arrested on orders
Of the military commandant Of
the District of Indiana and
charged with "disloyal practices"
and "affording aid and comfort
to rebels against the authority Of
the United States"
The substance of the charges
was that Milligan had Joined a
group dedicated to the overthrow
Of the Government and had con-
spired to seize munitions. In or
dering him freed from military
custody. the court held that the
military could not, under the cir
cumstances, try a civilian.
With the Milligan case fresh
in their minds, the Stevens forces
determined that the Supreme
Court would not be allowed to
rule the same way in the Nc
Cardle affair. Such a ruling was
seen as a danger to the Recon-
struction Acts which called for
military rule Of the conquered
States.
And so. virtually on the eve OF
a high court decision in the case
a bill was pushed through Con-
gress which had the effect Of ex-
4 ing habeas corpus appeals
from high court review. The
court agreed this was legal under
Article 3.
Bill Could Boekfire
Some authorities see q basic
irony In the,,Jenner bill. 1t is this:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-02

In a recent interptetD Nth the foreign
editor OF the London Times, Nitita Khru-
Shcheu gaze an unusually clear uieU of the
1Ueu-Scrubbed face Russia no,D presents to the
,oorld-that of nation opposed to violence
and convinced that peaceful competition i0ill
bring eventual Uictory for communism. Many
American experts on Soviet affairs doubt-to
put it nildly-Mr KhruShchep's sincerity. But
his public position, sincere or not, has pro-
found influence on our dealings Nth Russia
and the rest of the tDorld. For that reason,
tOe publish these excerpts from the Times
tnterUieD
We MarxistS say that all men, all peoples
regardless of color, creed, nationality, and Ian.
guage have equal rights to exist and should
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-02

organize their existence
after their own fashion.
That is why we should
cooperate and live in
peace with all peoples on
the basis Of the principles
of peaceful coexistence.
We are devoting great
attention to our army
only because we are
forced to do so. Since the
capitalist countries can
not think of existing
without armies we must
also have an army, and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-02

advances and the changing attitudes of
our allies have raised the need for policy
decisions embodving the greatest imagi-
nation and boldness.
The Star begins with this article a
series of eight discussions of crucial
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-02

American people. They presented in cooperation
starting this week in the Washington under the
sponsorship Of the Foreign Policy Association and the
Junior Chamber of Commerce The articles are synchro
groups.
Mr.. Theroux the author of this article is a member
of the staff of the Sunday Editorial Section He writes
foreign and military matters in 'The Week in Per
spective" and in special articles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-02
THE DECISIONS SERIES

At no time since the end of World War II hav
international relations been marked by SO much
tanty and instability. RuSSias tremendous technoogcs
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-02
Crushing Burden

The first alternative clearly
means an arms race such as the
world has never known before.
With the incredible speed Of mod
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-24

6(NoLEGE SURE is a big change from high school"
~ a young woman told recently.
Unless it's city campus where students may shift
from classroom to afterSchool work and all
are represented the fashion extremely casual
L dressed up more in high school than now" she
added
On campus where the arty students wish to attract
fashion attention, gathered from conversation
girls like to sneakers black turtlenecks and long
tights
Since most college students prefer conservatism to
being stared at being casual does lacking good
taste. Our campus informant said the trend is more
toward emphasis studying than being clothes
This means that fashions with zip also have
butn versatility be fun to and possess easy upkeep
I don't have time sometimes to iron blouse" Is
frequent plant of the college girl.
Fashions primer for fall has written on it in big,
bold letters
BOOTS to march from classroom to classroom and
all over the campus
SHORTS that hit above the knees and are worn
with differently coored tights" fashion
newness.
THE SWEATER DRESS with the belt that create
any level waiStline girl wants
PLAID skirts jackets, and Stacks that dazzling
clan colors.
PLENTY OF FLATS. One college WIZ says she
learned to CapeoS before she learned say
OVERBLOUSES and blouses with Puritan collars
The latter favorites with jumper-wearing goods
All our featured fashions are from Best & Co.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-05-27
Five Join Group
Seeking National
Trade Policy

Chairman Sidney A. Swens-
rud announced yesterday the
election Of i've business exeeu-
tives 10 the board Of directors
OF the Committee for a Ma
tional Trade Policy.
The committee describes n.
self as a bipartisan organization
advocating reciprocal reduction
OF trade barriers. Il has sup
ported the Eisenhower admin
istration's proposed extension
Of the United States reciprocal
trade program.
New directors are Stanley C.
Allyn. chairman. National Cash
Register Co.; Stephen. d. BeclIL
tel. president, Bechtel Corp,
San Francisco construction en-
cheering firm: Carl j. Gilbert,
chairman, Gillette Co.: J. Peter
Grace, president. w. r. Grace
a. Co.. shipping and industrial
concern. and Thomas j. Wat
son. jr.. president, international
Business Machines Corp.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-05-27

Ernest M. High. publisher Of
the AL Spotlight in New York,
failed 20 respond today TO a
subpoena from the Senate
Rackets Investigating Commits
tee. and II moved 10 charge him
with contempt OF Congress.
Chairman Mcclellan, Demo-
crat Of Arkansas, ordered a
contempt citation drawn after
Mr.. High failed for the second
successive day 10 show up with
documents the committee had
demanded.
An Affirmative vote by the
committee would send the cita-
ton 10 the Senate for another
vote on whether 10 submit the
case 10 the Justice Department
| for prosecution.
Senator Mcclellan said there
are rather strong indications
Mr.. High is not trying TO CO.
operate" in the committees
investigation Of alleged deals
involving some labor union Of
ficials and a variety Of EN-
ployes.
mfr. Counsel" he said to
Chief Counsel Robert F. Ken
derry. prepare the necessary
papers for contempt and have
them ready for the committee
as soon as possible"
The committee never has
spelled out just what 1t seeks
to learn from Mr.. High. 1t has
described him as a former en-
ploye of the New York Trade
Union Courier. published by
Max Paddock, whose name has
figured in its current hearings
on affairs Of the Butchers
Union.
The action delayed briefly
the start of a second day of
questioning of Butchers Union
list Max Block. who had
Dragged in advance that he
could "outlast and outtalk" the
committee.
The boss Of the New York
Butchers Union was polite but
noncommittal yesterday in re-
plying to all questions put to
him by the investigators. He
appeared only briefly.
Only once did he appear even
mildly annoyed. That was
when Mr.. Kennedy wanted to
know how much Block and
other members Of his family
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-05-27

Ger John duedel. who was best
man.
Mr.. Hale, a.. was formerly
married 10 Jean Gilbert Of San
Francisco, by whom he has two
children. Miss Lord. IS, has
two children by her marriage 70
actor John Archer. which end
ed in divorce In 1854.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-05-27
Outdoor Art Fair
To Open June rs

The Chevy Chase Center
Merchants Association win hold
an outdoor Art Fair displaying
work by area professional and
amateur artists In the arcade
nues from June 20 10 2s.
Prizes totaling $500 contrib
at Western and. Wisconsin ave-
uted by merchants win be
awarded first and second win
ners in three classes: Children
l6 years old or younger. ANA
tours and professionals. There