davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-12
THE ADMIRAL SPEAKS HIS MIND

whether all Of the rules Of bureaucracy were
carried out or not
Il would like to amplify this point because
think right here you have what is wrong with
some of the large-scale research and development
work. 1t is not money 1t isn't money altogether
To some slight extent. yes, it is money but it
also takes time to spend money. In fact, II
you give man too much money, he can waste
time
And surely would like to disabuse any of
, the Senators here that all you have got to do
is appropriate lot more money and you are going
to get things done It Is time we must buy and
time today is our measure of survival
1T is more the getting qualified people to do
job, make sure they train their people and
make sure, and think-I wouldn't be surprised
that there may not be over 10 or is people in
the whole United States who are capable of
handling large-Scale research and development
work.
Make sure when you get one OF those guys
that you don't let everybody hound him to death
and tie him up with trivia.
For instance, my time and the time of most
Of my leading people, is spent on things which
have no real relation to our Job. We are at the
beck and call of every staff, every stan member
there is in Washington. And a good deal OF our
time is spent in protecting ourselves-in prevent
ing bad things from happening.
Well you could say, Why do you pay at
tention to them? Why don't you disregard them?'
You can't do that. You can't live in an organiza-
ton and just disregard people You can't, because
you will get everybody down on you. and 1t will
become difficult to get things done"
Il think we are kidding ourselves think
most OF our people cannot understand that we
are actually at war. They don't understand IT,
They need to hear shells. They are not psyche
logically prepared for the concept that you can
have war where you don't have actual literal
fighting, and this is the trouble.
Most people say they see It, but they do not
really act that way. / think everybody today
in the military should be acting. should be doing
things as II we were really at war. We have got
TO learn ways Of doing things faster. think 1t
is almost too late. This is what worry about"
THE easiest thing to do In Washington when
something goes wrong Is to reorganize and from
what ] have seen In many years all that usually
gets reorganized are the telephone numbers"
"One OF the main reasons Ifor che success
OF the Nautilus projectl was that there we're so
many people who were certain the project would
fail, and they did not want to be associated with
1t. That was one OF the most wonderful
and lortuitous things that happened in our
Drcgram."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-12
A Course Is chorted

Last Thursday the Nation
heard President Eisenhower chart
for me flrsr time program for
the United States In the changed
world. Mr.. Eisenhower had pre-
viously delivered two "chins up"
breakfasts. but neither had been
specific. The President had also
journeyed to Paris for the meeting
Of the North Atlantic Treaty Or
ganization Council. but no defini-
tive United States program came
from that.
Thursdays state-of-the- Union
message to Congress was eouched
In general terms. but the generali-
ties for the most part possessed
direction. And the President
promised to follow many Of them
with specific recommendations
for congressional action.
In what was widely described as
one Of the best speeches Mr.. Eli
senhower has made since he took
over the White House In 1858, he
laid out In broad outline a COM
prehensive program for dealing
with the changed situation In the
cold war. for eliminating weak
nesses IN the Defense Department
arising from interservice rivalries.
and for countering the Soviet
economic offensive.
Safety through strength" was
the theme. and he cautioned
against too great q preoccupation
with arms alone. There are two
tasks confronting US. and the first
Is to insure our safety through
strength" Mr.. Eisenhower said,
hut we could make no more tragic
mistake than merely 10 concen-
trate on military strength. For II
We did only this. the future would
hold nothing for the world. but
an age Of terror"
Basically. the President declared.
the Nation needed Cd to. build up
its missile ornaments: t1) to ex-
tend and strengthen foreign aid
and to liberallze the reciprocal
trade program: 60 to press the
Soviet Union for q new try at
disarmament. for joint action
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-12

Bulganin may be going to Mos
COW today after being "co-ordi-
mated" with the replies from other
NATO nations. Although q re-
lection, once again the phrase
the door Is not closed" Is being
used to characterize the reply.
Mr.. Dulles at his press conference
declared an ultimate summit
meeting would not be ruled out.
but before such q meeting could
take place there must be SUM-
Gent. advance exploration of the
subjects TO be discussed to be sure
that the discussions will relate to
significant matters and also that
there Is some prospect Of agree
ment In some worthwhile form"
These developments, along with
the Presidents state-of the Union
message, indicated that the policy
battle between Mr.. Dulles and
Presidential Assistant Harold Stas-
sen on disarmament and on nego-
tiations with the Kremlin has
been won handily by Mr.. Dulles.
1t repeatedly was settled Monday
by the National Security Council,
with the Dulles stand receiving
the backing Of both President
Eisenhower and Vice President
Nixon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-12
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Safety Through Strength

Responding intelligently to dras-
tically altered circumstances Is
always q critical challenge. par
ticularly when the time element Is
important. For great Nation,
the challenge Is the more because
Of the complexities involved In q
shift Of emphasis. let alone q
major change Of policy.
Since last October the United
States has faced such Q challenge.
It came with the Soviet announce
ment Of the firing Of q successful
intercontinental ballistic missile
last summer. and was dramatically
highlighted by the launchings in
October Of two artificial earth
Satellites-Sputniks I and II.
Coupled with these jolting dis
closures Of Soviet advances In
science and weapons was q shrewd
and carefully timed Soviet peace
offensive" which seems to be as
much a worry to the architects
Of foreign policy as the increased
military threat.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-12
Events Force Consent

The net effect has been TO COM
pei the Senate's consent by the
logic Of events. Thus. a consulting
surgeon may object to a brain
operation. Once the operation is
embarked upon. though oveHuled
on its ACCESSIBILITY, his efforts TO
see 1t a success are compelled.
The expanding operational ini-
tiative In the executive branch.
strong though II is in It's economic
by-passing OF the Senate through
executive agreement. has been
even more fortified by the dis
coveries" Of the tremendous pow
ers OF the President as Com
nander-in-C Chief.
Thus. the President has the
right TO commit the armed forces
TO action without the consent of
Congress. Yet. paradoxically. only
the Congress has the right 10 de-
Continued on Page AS22
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-12
ONE MANS VIEW
| IS the Senate's
Power Waning?
ONE MANS VIEW

the poer OF the declining as its leisuret processes
founder on the bredkneck pace Of modern
provocative argument In the Affirmative suggestions
Tor corrective changes Mr. Cuneo Is pyttey 0uyer and
president OF the North American Newspaper Alliance His
article Is condensed from Western World Magazine.
ny ERNEST CUNEO
strange age Sputnk veoces that the
United States Senate continues to place
onal slow but 1t does The department
speed with the world like the Spunk occupy
space alone because the Senate unless rules
possibly acquire SUFFICIENT accompany the executive
into the swift world of md-20h century diplomacy
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-12

declared that mo investment we
make In our own security and
peace can pay US greater dividends
than necessary amounts Of eco
nomic aid to friendly nations.
This Is no 'give-away.' Let's stick
to the facts. We cannot afford to
have one of our most essential
security programs shot down with
q sloganl"
Congressional response to the
Eisenhower address could be de-
scribed as ''reservedly warm. !"
There were expressions Of disap-
pointment that the President had
not sounded a tocsin that would
galvanize the American people to
a supreme effort.
General approval was voiced by
both Republicans and Democrats.
with Democratic praise outweigh
ing that from the odd Guard"
wing Of the Presidents own party.
Direct criticism Of the Essen
hover message was sparse but
caustic. Senator Monroney. Dem
ocrat Of Oklahoma. called it "a
strong one-base hit when the
team needed q home run"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-12
Wilson's Experience

The Senate's great stronghold
has been its power in foreign
affairs. This power was derived,
supposedly. from Article II. Sec
ton II Of the Constitution. which
provides that the President shall
have power by and with the adj
vice and consent Of the Senate. to
make treaties. provided two-thirds
Of the Senators present concur.
Until the middle Of the l93O's.
this was considered to have vested
vast residual powers in the Senate.
The League of Nations and
President Woodrow Wilson stimuli
taneously crashed on the reef of
the Senate barrier. Mr.. Wilson,
questioned by Premier Clemenceau
on the intricacies OF American
Government. dolefuly remarked
that the Government Of the
United States consisted Of the
chairmen Of the standing COM
mittees Of the United States Sem
ate. and at that time, IL was true.
But the Supreme Cour dis
covered" some amazing precedents
In the famous ease Of the United
States VS.. Curtis Wright in 1885.
In that case, the defendant COM
pany had shipped airplanes to a
South American country in de-
fiance Of q Presidential order,
given under q joint act Of Con-
gress. The defendant charged that
such powers Of Congress could not
be delegated to the President.
The Supreme Court ruled that
not only had the President such
powers. but Ca he had them all
but independently of Congress:
(b) he was the sole representative
Of the United States Government
In foreign affairs: tcl that the
United States Government had
sovereign powers since l776. i3
years before there was q Constitu-
ton, and hence such sovereign
powers we're inherent. and de-
scended from the Crown Of Eng
land In any event.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-12

Thus. with the goth Century.
changes in the steering apparatus
had 10 be made. Unfortunately
for the theory Of tripartite
division Of powers, the change
has been affected with such
de facto enlargement Of the Exc
ecutive Powers as TO render obso-
iescent many Of the de jure powers
Of the others. In the ordinary
1evolution Of jurisprudence, thu
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-12


the Senate Armed Services Committee last Ueek
and revealed some OF the things ne had learned
Whiie breaking trail In the nucledr potDer field.
Here are some excerpts from his testimony that
are pertinent to the current national determination
to meet the challenge presented By Russias prog
ress in military technology.
a.. The military organization is not set up
to do development work II is set up mostly to
do routine work. So If anyone comes in with a
new idea, the people in the organization naturally
tend to make him conform to the organization
because conformity is priced.
There is still too much conformity rather
than performance rather than per-
Torrance.
80 the first thing that man has to do is
to make up his mind he is going to get his head
chopped of ultimately and If he does not have
that feeling he will never get things accomplished
in the military.
80 when took this job knew that II we're
going to do 1t in a proper manner ! would natu-
rally displease many people and cause them to be
angry with me. My anticipation proved to be
quite correct. :.
e.. The reason my organization is efficient
is not because 1 can find good people. There
are no good people to be found. The good people
"All you can ever do is to find potentially
good people and then you must train them
yourself"
a.. The most depressing thing that comes
out Of the interviews with job candidates. is
the fact that whether they are civilians officers
they do not read, they do not study once they
leave school. The ability to make money, the
ease Of making money for anyone who has been
through college is SO great In the United States
that we have an expression: We say they are
becoming nest builders or egg hatchers' They
are just spending much Of their time working
around the house. They are not improving
themselves enough professionally"
-. There can be no division between re-
sponsibility and authority and really get a Job
done effectively and rapidly.
Nov, the ordinary Government agencies are
geared TO the concept Of the division OF powers,
checks and balances, Just as is the Federal Gov
eminent. This system is perfectly all right for
more or less static or routine things, but It surely
does not work today when weapons are SO power
full and so fast. . Its primary purpose is to
see that everyone does his Job by the rules. But
there are no rules for development. II there
were rules, 1t wouldn't be development
IT we lose q war, II win make no difference
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-12
Reossuronces

The President offered some re-
assurances on the Nations current
defense situation. Since the
Korean war. he said. S225 billion
has been spent on military. defense.
"As Of today, our defensive shield
comprehends q vast complex Of
ground. sea. and air units. superbly
equipped and strategically de-
ployed around the world. The
most powerful deterrent to war
In the world today lies in the
retaliatory power Of our Strategic
Air Command and the aircraft Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-12

against "the diseases that are the
common enemy Of all mortals.
such as cancer and heart disease"
and for Soviet cooperation by
prompt and tangible actions that
win break down the unnatural
barriers that have blocked the
fiow Of thought and understanding
between our peoples" and 90 TO
end the rivalries inside the military
establishment and to create "uni-
fed direction" inside the Pentagon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-12
Executive in Control

But. n practice, this has
changed The executive now runs
the show. Amusingly. enough. the
presidency has accepted its new
functions more or less as q Re-
luctant Dragon, walking the in
ternational tightrope with case
Of constitutional vertigo. Passed
Is the ebullience Of President
Theodore Roosevelt. who. in for
bidding migratory bird shooting In
Cuba. exuberantly-and privately
announced that nine-tenths Of
. Presidents illegal acts were
never even questioned.
Now the situation Is reversed.
The presidency has been forced
into the initiative. but the latent
powers Of veto are still strong in
the Senate. Thus, q Damoclean
sword hangs over even the two
party policy, held under what
amounts to the dead hand of
residual constitutional powers in
the Senate.
"A considerable group OF Sena-
tors believes that the solution is
In the Bricker amendment limit
ing the Presidents treaty-making
powers. which. practically. Is
analogous to King Canute order
Ing back the waves. But the
Senate. proud Of its pride, has
begun to md that its Damoclean
sword is two-edged: Where it
once had the power Of preventing
initiation. 1t must. II it acts at all.
now take the responsibility for
stopping programs already initi-
ated. and more often than not.
upon the slimmest information.
Since this is a final respon-
ability that few Senators care to
undertake. the result has been q
strange and eerie twilight Of wary
cooperation. As Havelock Ellis
remarked that marriage Is more
of q protection for q man than
woman. the two-party policy
paradoxically has acted as
greater political protection for the
Senate than for the presidency.
The reasons for this shift are
born not Of any variation In the
political structure. as such. but
in the incredible changes Of in
dustrial folkway. The Senate is
individually as magnificent and
thoroughbred as 1t ever was: but
90 was Man O'War, Americas
great race horse, even as Henry
Ford was flooding the country
with his Model T.
A civilization which. In SO years.
has experienced. TO enumerate a
few ali-pervasive advances, the
automobile. airplane, radio and
television. atomic energy and the
eiectronic calculator. may be ex-
pected to have delivered heavy
blows on those institutions de-
signed to preserve the viscosity for
the preceding institutional forms;
and nowhere Is this more true
than Of the United States Senate.
II Is an axiom that the govern
ment Of a high-velocity civiliza-
ton Is enough q part Of II 70
necessitate It's maintaining an
equal speed in order 70 maintain
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-12

Is divided into three equal parts.
After the manner Of Alice in
Wonderland. It has been repeated
50 often by Americans that they
not only believe 1t, but their sturdy
repetition has convinced other ma
tons that it is so.
Actually and historically. an
equal balance isn't so at all. 1t Is,
IS q learned Princetonian once
said, q theory unclouded by q single
fact. It Is a fiction Of the law.
And as Mr.. Justice Holmes re-
marked. the very purpose of a nc
ton Of the law is that we act
upon 1t as II 1t were true. Thus.
the theory Of tripartite powers
Executive. judicial and legisla.
tive) has persisted. and whatever
may be the underlying facts. is
the polaKis of American constitu-
tional law.
This theory OF checks and bal
ances upon which the American
Government Is founded has long
been the bane of foreign govern
ments attempting to negotiate
with 1t.
The French summary. delivered
with q shrug. the American Pres
ident proposes. the American Sem
ate disposes." Is still the gener-
ally accepted dietum. by other
powers. as the fnodus operandi Of
American diplomacy. But in con-
siderable part. this Is no longer
true. Through sheer force Of cir
eumstanee. coupled with the logic
Of events. the executive branch
Cthe presidency has marched with
firm tread into those senatorial
areas Of jurisdiction in which
angels and devils alike previously
had feared TO venture.
In more leisurely days. the
American system gave the execu-
tive branch great bargaining
powers: foreign nations were on
notice that any Arrangement had
to receive the approval Of two
thirds Of the Senate. The Pres
ident Of the United States thus
was in the advantageous position
Of Q corporate president urging
concessions not only on the basis
Of what he desired. but on the
minimum Of what his board Of
directors would be likely to accept.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-12

. THE easiest thing TO do In Washington when
something goes wrong Is to reorganize and from
what have seen In many years all that usually
gets 'reorganized are the telephone numbers"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-15

drag him off in the brush. And. when l
come back to the car, I'll be alone"
mo, DIR
think of better way. can leave the gun
in Conroy's hand. It'll confuse the law. And
we'll switch cars as soon as we can.
I'm scared"
"Don't be scared. Diz win fix everything
nice for baby"
was a stable slice of eternity before the
two men left. He heard his car drive away.
Dig, before he left, had taped Joe's wrists and
ankles. Joe opened his eyes and grcaned. The
girl came over to the bed.
water" he gasped.
''Okay. I'll get some" She came back
with glass. She held his head up and held the
glass to his lips. you know, was a nurses
aide once. was going to go into nurse train
ing but it was too tough, you know what
mean? I'm sorry about Ray kicking you"
He clasped his fingers together. FIX the
pillow. Please" he gasped.
''Sure thing" She put the empty glass
aside. Joe felt vastly guilty about what he was
about to do. He had never struck woman IN
his life. And he knew he could not be half
hearted about it. His wrists were fastened
together in front of him. She reached around
him to tug at the pillow He watched her chin
carefully. When he judged it was in perfect
position, he brought his clasped hands up as
hard and as quickly as he could.
The force Of the blow Strengthened her up
and she fell against the other bed and bounced
onto the floor. He swung his legs over the side
of the he'd and sat m She came up onto her
hands and knees, face bleared and dazed. AS
she started to push herself up, he struck her
again, swinging his clasped hands Sideways,
striking the angle Of her jaw.
He tried to hop to the door, but he lost ms
balance and fell He wrigeied the rest of the
way, kneIt and caught the knob, pulled himself
up, unlocked the door, and hoped out into
the night yelling as loudly as he could. He
hoped four times and fell into the driveway,
still hoIlering, as doors opened. and people
were running
AT one in the morning. after the police
surgeon had taped his cracked rib and packed
the wound on the inside Of his mouth, Detec-
tive-Iieutenant Halverson, small and trim and
blond, came in as Joe Conroy was putting his
shirt back on.
Delivered the car to your wife. Told her
I'd bring you home, but she's going to get sit
ter somehow and come down for you.
you got them, then"
Halverson leaned against file cabinet and
lit cigarette. Wouldn't have, if you hadn't
overheard the name of the supermarket they
were going to knock off. When we put the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-15

floods on them, they got ratified. So the girl IS
in cell, and the big blond punk is in the police
morgue, and the one with the sideburns is on
the operating table. We don't have the history
yet, but it will be coming through soon. Now
I've got time for your end Of the story"
Joe told him - and the words came hard.
Halverson nodded when he finished.
''Smart," be said.
I'm real hero, Joe said. '.She was being
a roadshow Florence Nightingale, and
sucker-punched her beautifully"
$50 you wish you'd tried to climb the boys
instead, SO Monday your wife could be picking
out box with bronze handles?
mot that. But -.
81 know what you mean. Both papers want
to talk to you. How will you handle it?''
Il managed to get away. That's enough"
And that's all he told them. But he told
Marty all of it. And he didn't start to shake
with reaction until he was at last home and
safe, and then he took the pills he hadn't
thought he would need.
Sunday, except for all the phone calls,
was like any other Sunday. Almost like any
other Sunday. Just like every day from now on
would be almost like the days that had gone
before. With one little exception. For Joe
Conroy life had become a little more valuable
because it could not SO readily be taken for
granted.
There was evil loose in the world, random
and brutal as summer lightning And this time
his luck had been like coin found in the
street. He read the funnies to the kids, and.
with an awkward eladness, kissed Marty more
often than was his habit. - The End
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-15
Way Out

She adjusted his
pillow - and Joe
tensed 70 strike
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-15
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