davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-16
HAS The COOKIE CRUMBLED?
Professor Calls for Second Thoughts on Transforming

Students who worked alone and
those assigned to think in groups
were selected at random and were
comparable. Prof. Taylor ex-
planned. Each Of the four-man
teams included men who not only
knew each other but who had
worked together effectively in
small group discussion.
In a preliminary lecture to all
So men in the test, the origin.
nature and widespread use Of
transforming was described. The
purpose. the professor said. was
to create interest in the procedure
and as favorable as possible an
attitude toward it.
All think sessions were recorded,
and later typewriter transcripts
were made Of the responses from
groups and individuals.
The Results
When the records made Of the
thinking on three separate prob
lens were analysed. 1t was found
that the average number Of ideas
produced by the IL four-man
groups was greater than the aver
age output Of each Of the 4S lone
thinkers.
Such group superiority" Prof.
Taylor explained In his report,
may well account for the wide
spread impression that group
participation does facilitate pro-
duction Of ideas. The individual
who compares his own perform
ance working alone with that Of q
group in which he participates at
another time may Understandable
conclude that group interaction
stimulates creative thinking. But
that only tells part Of the story.
The group should produce more
ideas than the individual because
in the group more people are
working on the same problem"
So to make a fairer COMPARE
son Of both types OF thinking, the
output OF the IL four-man teams
was compared with the production
OF IL so-called nominal" groups.
formed by picking at random and
placing In sets of four the records
OF the 48 individuals who had
worked alone. The performance
Of the nominal groups was then
graded and compared with the
performance Of real groups.
A The results Of all this statistical
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-16
BY TAFT TRUSSELL
Special Writer for The star

Transforming. q quite new but
already hallowed practice along
Madison avenue and its tribu-
taries. is under fire. A Yale pro-
lessor has concluded after a
year-long experiment that BRAIN
storming or, more accurately,
group thinking-not only doesn't
produce the best and most ideas
but it really slows down the
creative flow.
For the uninitiated, BRAIN
storming (also called ideation,
imagineering, etc. has gained
wide acceptance as a method Of
developing new products. proc
esses. advertising gimmicks or
what have you. 1t started in ad-
vertising, but 1t has spread
throughout industry and into the
Government and the armed serv-
tees.
In q transforming session,
several persons attack or storm"
q specified subject In an attempt
to come UP with as many ideas
as fast as possible. Brainstorm-
ing's originator. Alex Osborn. Of
Batten, Barton. Durstine and Os-
born advertising agency. devised
the technique in 1889 as a means
Of stimulating promotional or
marketing ideas.
From that start transforming
has been extended to problems in
engineering, civil affairs, research
and logistics. Some organizations
have set up special creativity
courses 30 their employees can
make full use Of group-think.
Colleges and universities are Of
fering courses in 1t.
Thinking by the Rules
The purpose Of transforming
Is to mass-produce ideas. The
theory is that group thinking
helps build one idea on another,
breaks down inhibitions to novel
thoughts and enlarges the choice
Of solutions to a problem.
The rules are:
. Criticism is barred. Judging
ideas must wait until later.
. Free-wheeling is encouraged.
The wilder the idea the better.
. Quantity is expected. With
quantity there's more likelihood
Of Eapre good ideas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-16

thought or approach, the greater
would be expected to be the num-
Der Of different ideas produced.
To the extent that group partici-
patton reduces such variety" he
declares. sit will inhibit produc-
ton Of ideas"
Prof. Taylor says he feels ex-
periments using people in business
or government, rather than stu
dents, would yield the same or
even more favorable evidence
against group thinking. In such
experiments. he points out. the
individual would be subject to
criticism. spoken or unspoken. by
his peers or superiors at the BRAIN
storming session.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-16

one important respect: They are
the only Arab countries receiving
economic and military aid from
the Soviet Union. This factor,
more than anything else, is re-
sponsible for the current negotia-
tons to bring Yemen into fedora
ton with the new Arab Republic.
Yemen. however. is not expected
to join on the same basis which
will unite Syria and Egypt.
Chances are that it viii merge in
foreign affairs. defense. currency,
and education, retaining its in
ternal sovereignty. The same basis
Of federation will be applicable to
Saudi Arabia.
Lebanon is under increasing in
ternal and external pressure to
join the new Arab Republic. Last
week, President Shukri ell Kuwatly
of Syria appealed to President
Camille Glamour of Lebanon to
take the first step towards fedora
ton. But the Lebanese President
answered that his country is de-
termined to preserve its inde-
pendence. During the last two
weeks several demonstrations were
staged in Lebanon in favor of
federation and the situation is
reported very tense. Opposition
in Lebanon is strongest among its
Christian citizens who comprise
half Of the population.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-16
BY NED MAKDISI
Special Writer for The Star

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.-Arab
delegates to the United Nations,
who greeted the news of the union
of Egypt and Syria with uncon-
cealed elation, are now taking q
more serious look since the an
nouncement Friday of another
Arab union-that of Iraq and
Jordan.
In order to obtain clear picture
of what seems to be shaping-up
in the Arab world. this writer has
talked at length with Arab dele
gates here. monitored broadcasts,
and watched closely what the
Arab press had to say about the
mergers.
Arab nationaliSm unquestion-
ably expresses the feeling of the
overwhelming majority of the
Arab masses who inhabit an area
stretching from the Atlantic.
across North Africa and the
Middle East, to the Persian Gulf.
1t is not dictated by governments
or politicians.
Consequently. the rulers of
Egypt and Syria have consider
ably enhanced their popularity by
announcing the merger Of their
two countries to form the new
United Arab Republic. Further
more, they scored a major sue
cess against their adversaries
in the Arab world by in
viting other Arab countries to join
the new republic. In fact. this
shrewd move brought prompt re-
suits in the hastily consummated
IraQi-Jordan merger.
Praise All Around
No sooner had Egypt and Syria
announced their plan to merge
than demonstrations broke out in
other Arab countries in support
of the new republic. Even the
most anti-Nasser publications in
Jordan and Iraq, had nothing but
praise for the new move. The
governments of Jordan. Saudi
Arabia. Yemen, Iraq and Lebanon
were dramatically made aware Of
the popular sentiment for Arab
union.
Immediate reaction in Saudi
Arabia was to join Jordan and
Iraq, the two Arab countries ruled
by the Hashemite dynasty. in the
new Arab federation. But Saudi
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-16
Arabs at United Nations Closely Watch
Moves Toward Union in the Middle East

Arabia is now reported wavering
between the Hashemite kingdoms
and the new republic.
King Saud's natural inclination
is toward joining Iraq and Jordan
in spite Of the enmity betw IN his
dynasty and the Hashemites dat
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-16

. Combinations Of ideas are
sought. Amending someone else's
thoughts-"h itchhiking"-or join
ing two ideas is welcomed.
A few critics have questioned
why thinking in a group should
be any more productive than
thinking alone-why the whole
should total more than the sum
Of the parts. But brainstorm en-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-16
By PRESTON GROVER
Associated Press stan Writer

PARASITIC French bombing
uf an obscure Tunisian village a
week ago today may not make
even a footnote in military his
tory. But it has shaken the po-
htical world from Washington to
Moscow and forebodes a grimmer
future for France and perhaps all
the West in Arab North Africa.
The bombing of Sakiet Sid
Youssef cut such hole in French
influence in North Africa that
some Western influence must be
stuffed in If the gap is to be
filed. The United States is the
only Western nation with the
money and standing to do it.
The matter is pressing. because
the bombing has brought Russian
communism big step nearer to
spreading westward over North
Africa toward the Atlantic. French
and American observers. here be-
lieve the bombing in Tlnisia is the
biggest boost given Russia in At
RIGA since the British French at
tack on Egypt in 1856.
Need for Repairs
United States diplomats began
Immediately after last Saturdays
raid to study what could be done
to shore UP Frances position and
to use American influence where
needed. There were no clearcut
answers.
The United States Is in the pain
tul position. as one American Dip
lomat phraSed 1t. Of having to
carry water on both shoulders. It
must maintain close association
with France, and at the same
time keep friendly contact with
North Africa. -
- American influence has grown
steadily in both Tunisia and Mo-
rocco since France granted them
independence. The United States
is negotiating now to keep four
bomber bases in Morocco. 1t will
cost a lot of money, which the
Moroccan economy can use as
French contributions dwindle.
But the United States friend
ship with France complexities deal
ings even with Morocco. The
bombing doubtless caused cheer
ing among the far leftist and pan
Arab wing Of the dominant Is
tiqlal party there. This wing likes
the pan-Arab movement led by
Egypt. 1t is a source of unsteadi-
ness to the throne of King Mo-
manned v.
AS to Tunisia, it would be simple
II the United States could send
in military advisers to help Presi-
dent Habib Bourguiba build I'D
his army to take over the French
bases. That is the way it went
in Indo-China when Frances foot
slipped. 1t won't work that way
in Tunisia. There would be such
an angry uproar in France that
NATO. already unsteady on its
foundation, would be shaken.
Potehing Effort Foils
The Vests best hope Of keeping
Tunisia friendly was to patch I'D
the French Tunisian quarrel be-
fore it got to the United Nations.
That hope began to fade Thurs
day night when Tunisia went
ahead with its demand for a U. N.
Security Council meeting to hear
Tunisian charges that France is
guilty of aggression.
Even before that. many believed
the quarrel could not be patched
UP unless France bowed to Bour-
guiba's demand that the $4,000
French troops still there pull out
Of Tunisia.
United States military leaders
consider the big naval base at
Bizerte important to Western de-
Tense. France insists that four Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-16
Our Mounting Troubles in the Arab World
tTunision Incident Smokes
West's Position in Africa

the I'VE air bases in Ttlnisia must
at all costs be kept out Of Russian
and Egyptian hands.
MATCHING" them is one pos
sibility. It is being studied here.
France probably would accept
that. Nobody knows whether
Bourguiba would 60 beyon d
"NATO-izing" Bizerte. He indi-
Gated he would agree to the West
running the navy base.
At present he is conducting q
starvation blockade on the bases
and insists that France get out.
This is so popular In Tunisia that
it will be hard for him to back
down.
France has provided most Of
the money for Tunisia's economy
for many years. As relations
worsened since 1856. negotiations
over the aid deteriorated. About
$25 million was involved in the
talks. This is important money to
a country with 100000 people
and few resources.
Aid must come quickly or even
Bourguiba, the Vests best friend
in the country, will lose stature.
Even casual visitors can see the
ranks of jobless in the capital
grow almost daily.
Alserio Is the Key
But after everything else, every
remedy suggested for improving
Western relations with North
Africa runs head on into the Al
gerian question. The French in
siSt on holding onto Algeria as q
part Of France. The rebellion
going on there, steadily worsening
since 1854. Is draining France of
money and international prestige.
French resolution has hardened
with the discovery Of oil in the
Algerian Sahara and its promise
of profit. Yet no solution can be
agreed on.
Chaos might result if France
was forced to give up the fight in
Algeria for sheer lack of money.
But little seems to come from the
present French effort at pacifying.
Even when Algeria was relatively
peaceful for 10 years after World
War II, France could agree on no
program moving toward the au-
tonomy the Algerians demand.
Some Western diplomats here
were struck with the fresh APP
proach proposed by Senator Mike
Mansfield. Democrat of Montana.
He suggested that Algeria be
treated like Puerto Rico, which
remains attached to the United
States of its own free will and
can become independent pretty
much as it wishes. But it would
take a lot of persuasion to lead
the French to do this for Algeria.
Communist influence meanwhile
is growing in Algeria. although it
Is not yet strong.
A big problem is that the CEN
trail French government, unable
to agree on a truly decisive Alger-
ian policy. has great trouble con-
trolling the strong colonial forces
in Algeria, with whom the army is
largely in sympathy.
Explaining the bombing in
TuniSia to the National Assembly
in Paris. Premier Felix Gaillard
defended it as just reprisal. De-
spite this position, there doesn't
seem the slightest doubt that the
government was shocked and dis
mayed.
To westerners who watched
France go through the same
struggle in do-China, there
were tragic parallels. No govern
ment in France ever was able to
control the pro-consuls it sent
to Indo-China. Algeria is nearer,
and its problems are vastly diff
ferent. But, as in Indo- China,
years Of fighting have brought no
final victory.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-16

Jordan. whose population is
made up largely of pro-Nasser
Palestinian refugees, was plainly
endangered by her geographical
location. between Egypt and Syria.
King Hussein and his advisers had
to move quickly to head of new
pro-Nasser revolt.
However. the neV Arab Fedora
ton inevitably weakens the al
ready tottering Baghdad Pact.
Iraq. a member now, may soon
withdraw, Arab UN delegates are
predicting.
1t could be that Nuri el-Said,
the strong man of Iraq. and the
old veteran Of Arab politics, had
seen the writing on the wall when
he warned. during the recent
meeting in Ankara Of the Bagh-
dad pact countries. that his coun-
try could no longer stand aloof
from Arab national aspirations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-16

by others is always possible and
appraisal Is being made even
though 1t isn't expressed at that
time.
Also. he suggests. "a number Of
individuals working in a group
appears more likely to pursue the
same train Of thought and to have
the same general approach TO the
problem than the same number OF
individuals working alone, The
greater the variety Of set, Sain Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-16
FAMOUS FABLES

TRANSLATION: Humor-
ist-author George Abe made
his early reputation with his
writings in slang. Once when
he was visiting in Europe. q
French publisher asked him
If his work had been trans
lated into that language.
Heavens. no." replied Mr..
AIDE. 1T hasn't as yet been
translated into English"
FEAST: Diamond jim"
Brady. the most celebrated
gourman dof his time, was
in his later years interested
in food to the exclusion Of
everything else.
One night at a stag party.
after consuming three dozen
oysters. two dozen crabs and
eight Holsters, he was about
to finish his sixth quart Of
orange juice when suddenly
there was a roll Of drums and
a huge cake was wheeled into
the room.
Another roll of drums and
out popped a beautiful girl,
covered with only a few
chunks Of pastry. The other
celebrants stopped what they
were doing and leaned for
ward. openmouthed. Mr..
Brady leaned forward also
to examine the cake.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-16

fused 20 take her 10 the
hospital when she had her
baby. I knew she couldn't
depend on this bum. so I
refused 70 move with my
husband 10 another city when
he had a chance for q
promotion. Now everyone Is
down on me because I tried
10 be a good mother. Who
rs wrong7
A GOOD MOTHER.
Sorry. but your iirst duty
IA being . good wife. Perhaps
n your daughter didn't have
you 10 lean ON. she'd make
more demands on her hus-
band-and he'd face up.
DEAR ABBY: I won't beat
around the bush. ! am a man
Of "a and ! am married to
q woman Of IS. We've been
married three years and !
must have been crazy. ! fell
in love recently with q won
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-16
BY PHIL YEACER
and JOHN STARK


A fellow named Roy Jacob
sen OF shooley's Mountain,
N. j.. sued Columbia Univer-
sity recently for $4,000.
This represented tuition
money and other expenses
which Mr.. Jacobsen said his
Columbia education had cost
him. And he wanted II back
because. in his view. the uni
versity failed 10 provide him
with the wisdom II had prom
ised TO teach.
Mr.. Jacobsen lost his case
In superior court OF Norris
town when Judge Gerald Fo-
ley granted q summary Judge
ment against him on grounds
his suit lacked proper legal
form. The real question. said
the judge. was whether any
Of the statements attributed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-16

Measure Your Man from the Eyebrows Up
ss ABIGAIL VAN buREN

DEAR ABBY: ! am q tall
siri and. just my luck. I had
TO fan In love with a fellow
who is four inches shorter
than !. People say we look
ridiculous walking down the
street together. We plan 10
get married and want 10
know n there are other
married couples who have
successfully overcome this
problem.
MARY AND BILL.
A man Is measured from
his eyebrows upward. He
doesn't have "a be taller than
his lady for her 10 look up 10
him.
80
DEAR ABBY: I hope you
can help me. as everyone
thinks ! am an abnormal
mother. My daughter married
q man without character and
without honor, He even re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-16

have another baby. I have
a friend who wants a child
very much but hasn't the
gumption to reduce. She must
be at least so pounds over
weight. Don't you think she
should try what / did. Mrs.
B. c.
Although all medical men
may not agree, / have often
seen pregnancy ensue after =
marked loss Of weight i'm an
obese woman. I have also OBJ
served many thin women who
became pregnant after TAX
ing thyroid for a few months.
Nevertheless i advise would
be mothers against running
cut and buying thyroid pills.
They are potentially danger
Gus. Ask your doctor.
released By The Bell Syndicate. Inc.)
Tomorrow: Stuff q eoId3
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-16
How to
STOP KILLING
YOURSELF
inflammation of the EyeIids
THE COUNCILS VIEW
BY DR.. PETER J. srEINcRoHN

thought that the "cards were
stacked against him. or any
one else who needed a chest
operation
Well. I've had two lung
operations within the past
five years. For 10 years or
more ! suffered from bron-
chiectasis and emphysema.
I'd get a terrible cough when
ever I caught cold. And when
ever I got nervous or upset
I'd have a hemorrhage. At
last my husband checked 10
see II there wasn't a cure
instead Of q relief" We we're
recommended to q very good
specialist in Boston.
/ was advised to return in
a month for the operation.
was afraid to go but I went.
In 1852 they removed one
lobe from my right lung and
l was only up there three
weeks. / got along so well
that / returned in 1853 for
an operation on my left lung.
That time they had to re-
move only a part Of q lobe
Of lung.
I certainly have felt better.
No more hemorrhages or
other complaints. Perhaps
this will give some of your
readers Encouragement. Sim
cerely, Mrs. E. p.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-16
jim BISHOP:
REPORTER
The Last Time I Sow Los Angeles

dena. Fl Monte. San Marine.
Redondo. San Fernando.
From the Town House In the
middle Of Los Angeles. II Is a
50 cab ride 10 Hollywood and
Vine.
The motion-picture people
live IN Beverly Hills and Bel
Air. or on the other side OF
the Santa Monica Hills IN
"the valley" This Is an
enormous collection OF motels
and neon signs discovered by
Andy Devine. II consists OF
places like Burbank and En-
elmo and Van Nuys and Sher-
man Oaks. Studio City and
Alhambra.
sss
THE STUDIOS make up a
small part of this big kid.
Only Columbia Pictures is in
Hollywood. The rest. like or
ange groves. are on the edge
Of the landscape. At the en-
trance TO Beverly Hills. the
tourist can buy a 50-cent
guidebook TO the homes Of
the movie stars. He can spend
a week in low gear without
seeing q star.
There must be a million
bungalows around the city
and they are among the
prettiest N the world. 1t is
rare TO find two alike, and
the owners make good use
Of bright pastels and orange
lights under palm trees. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-16

Dear DR.. Steincrohn: Could
you tell me what causes the
eyelids to become itchy,
scratchy and puffy? They
have been bothering me like
that, especially in the eve
nings, for the last six months.
I have tried an old remedy:
bathing the eyelids with half
milk. half water. Strangely
enough. this seems to give me
relief, at least for q while.
My glasses are only two
years old. ! am SO. Our doc
tor retired two years ago and
we have not found another
to take his place. I do not
know whether this is a case
for a medical doctor or an
eye specialist-or is just the
result Of age. Mrs. F. w.
My guess would be that you
are suffering from q chronic
inflammation Of the lids
called blepharitis, or from
-conjunctivitis, which Is an
Inflammation Of the inner
part Of the eyelid. This Is
only conjecture, as / make
II a rule (althOugh the temp
tatiOn Is sometimes great TO
break 10 never TO diagnose or
treat by mail. or in this
column.
l suggest that You FIRST
try an eye specialist 10 rule
out q local cause-such as
allergy or lOw-grade infec-
ton. II he Is suspicious Of q
systemic reason for your
complaint, he will refer you
20 a generalist general prac-
AsNS.-a.A - A.. -. anNa@nSsN
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-16
Lung Surgery

Dear DR.. Steincrohn: I am
over so and have been adj
viSed to have a lung opera
ton. But frankly. 1 am
scared to death at the
thought of it. Can you cheer
me up? s. s.
The mortality from lung
surgery Is relatively low. A
good chest surgeon goes into
the chest cavity with the
same confidence displayed BY
the abdominal surgeon. Per-
haps the following letter win
give your spirit q boost:
Dear DR.. Steincrohn: !
read recently the letter sent
10 you by q man who asked
about lung operations and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-16

derfui girl my own age where
! work. She knows ] am mar
ried but doesn't know how old
my wife Is and I'm ashamed
70 tell her. ! am all messed
up and ! can't think OF any
thing but getting rid Of my
wife and marrying this girl.
My wife and I have three
kids together and she had
two when I married her. Help
me. please?
ALL MESSED UP.
I don't know how crazy you
are. but l can ten you this
You are VERY married.
Try 10 remember what you
saw In your wife when you
married her. You didn't take
her on approval. Buster.
For a personal reply. iDrite
TO ABBY IN care OF The
Evening Star. Iuclose a SELF
addressed, stamped envelope.
Distributed By
hcNaught Syndicate. Incl