davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona sun., 1958-01-16
EIGHTEEN ELECTED TO
NAACP BOARD

NEW YORK, Jan. - Three
new members were elected to
the NAACP Board of Directors
this week while Is other mem
bers were reelected.
The new Board members are
Jackie Robinson, the former
baseball player, c. R. Darden of
Meridian, Miss, an NAACP Of
ficer in Mississippi, and w. Ro-
bert Ming of Chicago, mem
ber of the Associations national
legal committee.
Alfred Baker Lewis of Green
wich, Conn, a businessman, was
elected Association treasurer, re-
placing DR.. Allan Knight Chal-
mers of Boston, who resigned.
Arthur B. Spingarn of New York,
an attorney, was reelected Ma
ACP president, and Roy wilkins
was reelected executive sec
cretary.
Arizona sun., 1958-01-16
FEDERAL COURT WEIGHS Tenn.
SEGREGATION LAW

MEMPHIS, Jan. "a three
Judge federal district court this
week held a hearing to deter
mine the validity of a Tennessee
statute requiring separation OF
the races on city buses and
StreetcarS.
The hearing, held here on
Jan. 6, was on a complaint
filed in June of 1856 by O. 2.
E9vers, Negro postal employee,
who alleged that on April 26,
1856, he and a companion were
directed by the driver of a bus
to vacate seats they had taken
in section reserved for white
passengers. When they refused,
the driver called a policemen
who ordered them to move to
the rear or get off the bus. They
got off the bus.
Arizona sun., 1958-01-16
THE NEGRO STRUGGLE
WHO is THE PUBLIc?'
BY Jean Blake

Under the heading Of con-
structive criticism, we'd like to
take issue with the editorial
position of the Mobile Beacon
of Dec. IA in regard to the bus
strike in effect in that Alabama
city since Oct. 81.
"The Public Deserves Protec-
ton From Bus Strikes" is the
head under which the editor
takes the stand that the union
and the company are equally
guilty of disregard for "the pub
lic," and that state legislation
is needed to protect commu-
mites against this sort of in
justice"
The Mobile Beacon is a mill
tant Negro weekly. In it's news
and editorials dealing with the
struggle for democratic rights
in the South it has demonstrate
ed an acute appreciation of the
fact that the public is made up
of content,ing forces with con-
flicting interests.
In the struggle against seq
regation the Beacon would not
think of saying that "the pub
lie" should be protected from
inconvenience such as those
caused by the Montgomery bus
boycott. The editors would re-
cogsnize that it is necessary to
take sides in such struggles, to
support that part Of the pub
lie" which is in the right.
The Beacon did not condemn
the Montgomery improvement
Association and the city officials
equally for selfish stubborness"
with "little or no regard for the
public interest and welfare"
The Beacon certainly did not
advocate state legislation to pro-
tect communities from the
widespread inconvenience" ac-
companying the just struggle of
the Montgomery Improvement
Association.
Why not? Because the Beacon
recognized the justice of the
demands of the MIA, that the
inconvenience and coStlineSS of
the disrupted bus services re-
sulting from the boycott was
minor compared to the incon-
Arizona sun., 1958-01-16

venience and ,coStlineSs to the
Negroes of Jim Grow buses; that
state interventfonsin the dispute
was on the side of the white
SupremacistS, and not to be
trusted. t.
The Beacon should apply the
same criteria to the struggle
of the bus strikers in Mobile for
better wages and working con-
ditions.
The coStlineSs and inconven-
ience of strike is minor COM
pared with that of continued
low wages and poor working
conditions.
And, just as every struggle
against segregation in the South
is just and helps advance the
cause Of democratic rights, so
every union struggle for better
wages and working conditions
helps advance the cause of a
higher standard of living for
Southern workers and deserves
the support of the Mobile Beacon
and all of U.s.
w are the public, and our in
terestS lie with one side or the
other in the social conflicts Of
our times.
Arizona sun., 1958-01-16

Twelve governors Of states
having non-diScrimination laws
have formed a new standing
Committee of Governors on Civil
Rights, particularly to seek
greater job opportunities for
members of minority groups.
The committee is chaired by
Governor G. Mennen Williams
of Michigan and includes also:
Averen Hartman New York;
Orville Freeman, Minnesota;
Abraham Ribicoff, Connecticut;
George M. Leader, PennSylva-
mia; Robert Meyner, New Jer-
Arizona sun., 1958-01-16
Governors Form New Committee

sey; Dennis Roberts, Rhode Is
land; Foster Furcolo, Massachu-
sets; Stephen McNichols, Col
crado; Vernon Thomson, Wis
consin; Albert Rosellini, Wash
ington; and Robert D. Holmes,
Oregon. All except Governor
Thomson of Wisconsin are DEM
ocrat.
The governors criticized the
Presidents Committee on Coy
ernment Contracts of which Vice
President Richard Nixon is the
chairman, as being too limited
in it's activities and having too
low a budget.
Arizona sun., 1958-01-16
NEGROES OF CLEVELAND MAKING
ECONOMIC STRIDE THRU
INVESTMENT

Slowly, but surely, the Ne
gro of Cleveland is making eco
nor1lic strides Of telling effect,
unseen by many, and known to
few, the number Of shares be-
ing acquired by Negroes in prin-
cipal banks and industries of this
city is mounting daily. In this
way solid gains have been real
lied. Soon there will be concrete
evidence Of this growing eco
nomic strength and definite i'm
pact upon the life and activity
of the Negro in this city.
This is the conclusion reached
by Norman l.. McGhee, head of
the investment brokerage firm
of McGhee and Company, the
first such business establish
ment organized and operated by
a Negro.
For the past five years, NC
Ghee and Company has quietly
gone about causing the Negro,
not only in Cleveland, but
throughout the nation to be-
sOme investment, minded. Thru
It's president, a program of edu-
cation on the value of investing
in the shares of American in
dustries has proved invaluable.
Today, this company operates
in cities of five states: Illinois,
North Carolina, South Carolina,
Georgia and Ohio. In the five
year period just elapsed, more
than three million dollars of
Negro money has been chan
nelled in to profitable invest
ments. McGhee has not said it.,
but present Indications seem to
be that a Negro Merrill-Lynch
firm is in the making. Already,
it is known that he plans to
qualify his firm in the states
Of Pennsylvania, Missouri, Ken
lucky, Michigan and California.
It is just a matter of time now
before full success will attend
his efforts to bring directly TO
the Negro this new vehicle thru
which economic security may be
obtained for the Negro himself
as well as for his race as a whole.
Arizona sun., 1958-01-16

Let to rights Mrs Dorothy r Harrison, Langston, Oka
national president Delta Sigma Theta Sorory Mrs Albert
Kght LAGRANGE president National Congress of COlored
Parents and Teachers and Dr. B. Brazea Atlanta Ga
ident Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools all
to contribute to the March of Dimes The Polio
tion drive for funds to provide for polio patients scientific
research professional
tributiOn to the March Of Dimes TODAY.
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1958-11-27
Port Tonnage UP

Waterborne commerce handled
at Gulfport and Biloxi showed
substantial increases during the
past year. Commerce handled at
Gulfport harbor anountd' to 340,-
845 tons during 1857 compared to
235,328 in 1856. The bulk of ton.
mage was in foreign trade with
imports totaling 103,502 tons and
exports amounting to 133,161 tons.
Leading other commodities was
heterogeneous fertilizer. Tonnage
handled by the port of Biloxi
totaled 1914 tons compared to
172,035 the previous year Motor
fuel and gasoline amounted to
1912 with pulpwood running
second at SO, 433.
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1958-11-27
Bookkeeping As A
Profitable Venture

While it is relatively minor
factor in Mississippi agriculture,
Bookkeeping has been growing in
popularity during recent years
with total production slightly
higher this year than last. Bee
keeping for commercial produce
ton Of honey and beeswax, or
for pollination of fruit and seed
crops has been as sound as any
other agricultural enterprise. /
The capital outlay necessary for
this venture is small and many
people have gone into bee-keep-
ing as a sideline. Many have paid
off mortgages on their farms or
homes by raising bees on part
time basis. u
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1958-11-27
One In Three Sousherners
Owns Vehicle

An average Of about one in
every three residents in seven
southeastern states, A a b m a,
Florid a, Georgia, Mississippi,
North Carolina, South Carolina,
and Tennessee, had some kind OF
motor vehicle registered in his
or her name this year. =
8,833,000 automobiles, trucks
and buses bearing 1858 license
tags of the seven states are now
in operation, an increase of lit
tie more than 100000 over the
1857 registration. 81
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1958-11-27

serve, the more they will get, not
merely by deserving but by Win
ming it for themselves. That, I
think, is what underlies the SUI
preme Courts altered definition
of equal rights, and that is why,
in spite of pain and trouble, part
ly unacceptable, partly needless,
the change will go on. t
Washington: Sir, do you know
why the Marquis de Lafayette
fought for American liberty? Out
of the same feeling for humanity
that made him buy an estate in
French Guiana in order to eman.
cipate the slaves on It. Would to
God, / wrote to him, a like spirit
would suffuse itself generally
into the minds of the people Of
this country. I still do not see
that spirit, but my old despair is
gone.
Jefferson: The struggle today is
between those who fear tomor-
row and those who welcome it.
When it comes, it will be found
that there are soil and sunlight
enough for all.
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1958-11-27
The Petal Rpe.

The PETAL PAPER: Printed on Thurs
day Of each week by THE ADVERTISER
PUBL TSHTNG CO, Pascagoula, MISS
Puhlishea by East Publications CO., BOX
s4s Eattiesourg, Miss.
Fpterea as second class matter at the
Post Office AZ Petal. Mississippi, under
act Of March 9. 1879.
Re ENTERED AT PAscAGoULA' MISS.
RETURN FORMS ss7s TO: THE PET
Al PAPER. BOX 34s, HATTIESBukG,
MISS
r. -. East .-sts...... ho4tof a fuSAisAe'
SUBSCRIPTIONS
Per Year ....--.......+t..F..s. sSVe
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1958-11-27


power was entirely given up
and~rthey became as dependent
on the states as the King of Eng
land was on Parliament.
v. p: Why, sir you squarely
reverse the trend of national de-
velopment. Did anybody else dis.
cover this splintering of central
authority?
Washington: / saw one head
gradually turning into Is. / saw
The powers Of Congress declining
too fast for the consequence and
respect which were due to them
as the grand representative body
Of America. .s.
v. P: Anyway, when the power
was gone it was gone. The Arti-
cles of Confederation delegated
no authority to compel the states
to furnish money.
Madison: Congress had the ex-
press power to demand money
and the implied power to compel
payment.
". P: Implied power? Under
The Confederation?
Madison: BY Article XIII, q
general and implied power was
vested in Congress to enforce all
the articles against any of the
states that violated any of them.
V. p: But, sir, was it not writ
Ten in Article II that each state
retained its sovereignty and indie
pendence and every power not
expressly delegated to the United
States?
Madison: To be sure. The pur-
pose was to protect the internal
police of the states. But every
compact includes the implied
power to enforce it against vio-
lators.
v. P: And how did you intend
10 coerce the states?
Madison: Two or three vessels
of force employed against their
trade would have made it their
interest to yield prompt obedience
to all just acquisitions on them.
V. P: You actually asked Con-
gress to assert such power?
Madison: No. In such a matter
] thought it most consonant to
the spirit of free constitution to
ask for an amendment authoriz-
ing Congress to employ the force
of the United States as well by
land as by sea.
v. P: Did you agree with this
proposal, Mr.. Jefferson?
Jefferson: I saw no need to a.
mend the Articles. When any one
state in the American Union re-
fused obedience to the Confedera-
~tion by which they had bound
themselves the rest had natural
right to compel them to obedi-
ence. Congress, if the case ulti-
mately required it, would pro-
badly coerce by naval force, as
being more easy, less dangerous
TO liberty, and less likely to pro-
duce much bloodshed.
V. p: am glad, Mr.. Madison,
that YOU did not advance such
ideas in the Constitutional Con-
Vention of 1887.
Madison: There was no need to
DO so under the plan proposed by
Virginia and approved by the
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1958-11-27
Convention: That a national gov
eminent ought to- be established


consisting of supreme legisla-
tive; executive and judiciary.
". p: You wrote the Tenth A.
mendment, saying that the pow
ers not delegated to the United
States are reserved to the states
respectively, or to the people
How does that leave any room
for implied powers?
MADISON: It does so by not
using the term express delegat-
ed" 1t was impossible to confine
a government to the exercise of
express powers; there must nee
essarily be admitted powers by
implication, unless the Consti-
tuition descended to recount ev-
cry minutia.
v. P: Was that discussed in
Congress?
Madison: To be sure. Two at
tempts were made to insert the
word expressly" but both mo-
tons were defeated.
V. P: Granting that, where
does the Supreme Court get i'm
piled power to put Negroes and
whites into the same schools?
The Constitution says not one
word about education.
Madison: I agree with you on
that. What does the Court cite as
the source of power?
v. P: The Fourteenth Amend
ment-the clause saying that no
state shall deny to any person
the equal protection of the laws.
Madison: Then it is not a ques-
ton of express or implied power
over education. The question is
whether Negroes assume you
don't mean whites-are denied
equal protection of the laws by
compulsory segregation in pub
lie schools, public parks, trans
portation systems and so on.
V. P: We deny that the Su-
preme Court has any authority
to deal with segregation in any
field. In particular, we deny its
right to change the decision it
made more than half a century
ago, that separate but equal
schools are not a denial of equal
protection of laws.
JEFFERSON: Are the schools
equal?
v. P: l do not say that they
are.
Madison: If the Court has no
right to make any decision what
ever, how can you approve the
one about separate but equal
schools?
V. P: We don't We just accept
it to escape something worse.
Madison: If the separate-but-
equal decision became unchange-
able after so years, how soon
should the latest decision become
Interchangeable?
v. p: Not in a thousand years.
A wrong decision can always be
reversed
Madison: But who is to decide
whether it is right or wrong?
v. P: The sovereign and in
dependent State of Virginia-on
your say-so, and Mr.. Jefferson's.
Have you forgotten, Mr.. Madi-
son, what you wrote in the Vir-
GINA Resolutions of 1898 against
the Alien and Sedition Acts?
MADISON: In case of delib-
crate, palpable and dangerous
exercise of powers not granted
by the said compact, the states,
who are parties thereto, have
the right and are in duty bound
to interpose for arresting the
progress of the evil.
V. P: The right to interpose!
On that ground Virginia inter-
poses against the unconstitution-
al actions of the Supreme Court.
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1958-11-27
state militia with Federal troops?
-Madison:- That question ,ne~es

II
arose. The commander Of TIL e
state troops, and the soldiers who
obeyed his orders, all were in
dicted on charge presented to
the Federal grand jury by JUS
tice Bushrod Washington.
Washington: My nephew.
Madison: They were convicted
and sentenced to prison, but ]
thought that was going too far
and pardoned them.
V. p: Why didn't you prose
cute the governor?
Madison: He was a well-inten-
toned man led astray by bad
legal advice.
WASHINGTON: One thing
puzzles me in this matter of
school indignation. 1t must have
required some very smart law
yers to bring about the change
in constitutional Interpretation.
How were the Negroes able to
secure white lawyers of high
enough caliber to win the cases
for them?
V. P: They didn't. The lawyers
are Negroes.
Washington, Jefferson and
Madison in chorus: What?
v. p: It's the work of the MA
ACP- the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored
People They've built up a corps
of Negro lawyers all over the
South-all-fired clever ones -
and brought in more from til e
North.
Jefferson: Amazing! So it was
slavery, and not race, after all,
that gave me the suspicion of in
herent inferiority in the blacks.
V. p: They are inferior, though
/ will say that the colored people
have made remarkable progress.
But why should they try to push
into white schools when they
have their own high schools, col
leges and universities? Northern
colleges are open to them any,
way.
Jefferson: If they can qualify
Intellectually and morally for
Northern colleges, what reason
is there for excluding them from
the University of Virginia?
V. P: They've been going there
for eight years, thanks to the
Supreme Court. But that's the
limit. If Virginia is forced to in
tegrate the public schools, we
will close the schools.
JEFFERSON: do you know
what you are saying?
V. P: The law to close them is
on the statute books.
jefferson: Oh, Virginia, Vir-
ginia! l proposed the public
school system in 1879 and it had
not been established when l
died. What a dream | had! En-
tighten the people generally and
tyranny and expressions of body
and mind will vanish like evil
spirits at the dawn of day.
V. P: If we are forced to re-
open them to both races, they'll
get no more state money.
Madison: Liberal appropria-
tons for general system of ed
ucation cannot be too much ap-
plauded A popular government,
without popular information, or
the means of acquiring it, is but
a prologue to farce or a TRACE
dy! or, perhaps both.
V. p: Popular governments are
less important than popular gov
ernors.
Jefferson: The most popular
float with the shifting tides.
Madison: Nearly $50 years ago
l advocated that as Negro slaves
were freed they should be help
ed to return to Africa on account
of existing and probably unal-
terable prejudices in the United
States. Otherwise, under the de-
grading privation of equal rights
political or social, they must al
ways be dissatisfied with their
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1958-11-27
Madison: Do you stand also on

; ~
later, that such declarations by
citizens or legislatures, whether
affirming or denying the consti-
nationality of measures of the
federal government, cannot be
deemed, in any point of view, an
assumption of the office of the
Judge?
V. p: Not an assumption of ju-
dicial authority, but superior to
it.
Madison: The declarations in
such cases are expressions of
opinion, unaccompanied with any
other effect than what they may
produce on opinions by exciting
reflection.
V. p: That was not Virginia's
understanding of it.
Madison: My report, including
those words, was formally adopt
ed by the Virginia Legislature in
1900.
V. P: I appeal to Mr.. Jeffer-
son. Did you not say in the Ken
lucky Resolutions of 1898 that
every state has a natural right
in cases not within the compact,
to nullify of their own authority
all assumptions of power by 9TH
ers within their limits?
Jefferson: Of course they have
natural right to do so.
Madison: There is nothing
which excludes a natural right
in the states individually more
than in any portion of an indi-
vidual state, suffering under pal
pable and insupportable wrongs,
from seeking relief by resistance
and revolution.
Jefferson: Recall my earlier
statement that Congress had a
natural right to coerce any state
that violated the Articles of Con-
federation.
Madison: History is repeating
itself. In the l830s, it was re-
markable how closely the multi
fiers who made the name of Mr.
jefferson the pedestal for their
colossal heresy, shut their eyes
and lips whenever his authority
was ever so clearly and emphat-
ically against them.
V. P: We don't assert the pow
er of state to nullify Federal
law. We simply deny, in all these
school cases, the supremacy of
the judicial power of the United
States.
Madison: Those who make that
distinction do not realize the
utter inefficiency of supremacy
in a law of the land, without a
supremacy in the exposition and
execution of the law.
V. P: But in the case of school
indignation there is no Federal
law to execute. The Supreme
Court assumes the right to inter-
pref and enforce the Fourteenth
Amendment without any sup
porting legislation. Here, read the
final paragraph of that amend
ment: "The Congress shall have
power to enforce, by appropriate
legislation, the provisions of this
article" Congress has not done
so.
Jefferson: | observe a similar
provision in the Thirteenth
Amendment. Do you contend
that if a Negro should be reduc-
ed to slavery in the.United States
the Federal courts could not set
him free without an act of Con-
gress?
V. P: There are laws based on
that amendment.
Jefferson: Could Congress re-
establish slavery by repeating
them?
v. P: You can't enforce SUI
preme Court DEGREES with bay
onets.
Madison: They cannot be null
lifted by bayonets, or by MODS
if the President performs his
Evening star., 1958-07-09

Iciple." because or the finance
problem for the Shakespeare
tragedy.
Ingrid BefEman new from the
North wales location Of "Inn
of the sixth Happiness" with
her two daughters. to Paris
picked up son RobertlnO from
the hospital there and took
them all to her beach house
near Rome for the rest Of the
summer. After a week Of rest
ing herself. Ingrid flies back tc
London to complete the movie
/ hear that Robert Donat
as the mandarin, in this 10th
Fox film gives performance
that could win him q postum
nous Academy Award. BY the
way, Miss Bergman expects
daughter Pia 10 visit her about
the middle Of July, and they
plan to visit the Brussels Fair
Evening star., 1958-07-09

because I had sucn 9 wonder
ful time IN New York when the
Worlds Fair was there"
Curt Jurgens viii make an
other movie in Paris before re-
porting to 2Oth-Fox here for
THE Blue Angel"--and he Is
still hoping that Marilyn Mon
roe will play the sexy singer in
the night club, the role origi-
mated by Marlene Dietrich
Curtis part was played by the
late Emil Jannings.
NA%
Tommy Sands was supposed
to sing Bigger Than Texas in
"Mardi Gras." But it win be
changed now to Bigger Than
Alaska" And Alaska Is ever
harder TO rhyme than Texas,
said song writer's Sammy Fain
and Paul Francis Webster.
Jeanne Grain phoned the
Evening star., 1958-07-09

Because Glenn Ford is so
funny in Imitation General. /"
there's another comedy in ms
future at Metro. Guy Mad
isOn played golf with Ben HO-
gan, for charity. in Fort Worth,
!. Sir Laurence Olivier won't
shave on the beard he grew for
Macbeth" until he is sure he
will first make "The Devils Dis
Evening star., 1958-07-09
HOLLYWOOD
BY SHEILAH GRAHAM
Holden Is Being Held

HOLLYWOOD tNANA) =.
william Holden tells me he is
looking forward TO his day in
court. for clarification Of his
contract at Paramount. Bill
contends his contract expires
this year. The studio insists he
has six more years to go. All
Bill wants is to settle the mat
ter. From "The Bridge on the
River Kwai" and THE Key. "
he'll have all the money he can
ever use But an actor must
act. especially the restless
Holden. He's of to the Far
East again in August, with wife
Brenda Marshall.
Evening star., 1958-07-09

Oscar IN The supporting
category.
Beverly Garland finished fiim-
Ing 80 or her 'Decoy" TV series
In New York and is now back
IN Hollywood to resume her
movie career. They are still