davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-21
Nosser Rule Requires
Arabic Use in Trade

CAIRO, Aug. 81 (AP) Pres
ident Canal Abdel Nasser is
world-famed chiefly as a SYM
Dol of Arab nationalism. But
he works quite as diligently
promoting it in his native Egypt.
His latest move is a decree
requiring use Of the Arabic Ian
guage in commercial corre-
spondence between individuals
and companies and in govern
ment departments. It also re-
quires Arabic on labels, posters
and trade marks on all COM
moditieS sold in the Egyptian
and Syrian states of President
Nasser's United Arab Republic.
The new rules require that
all contracts and bids must be
in Arabic or have attached
Arabic translation if they are
in a foreign language. Hence
forth no trade mark may be
registered unless it is written in
Arabic and no expiring trade
mark may be renewed unless it
is modified and written in
Arabic. Arabic labels must be
attached to all products sold in
the UAR. But for export for.
eign language labels are per-
mitted.
Foreign as well as domestic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-21

to get a slice Of the Sahara
in due course. Newspapers
speaking for the 1Stiulal, the
governing nationalist party of
Morocco, have repeatedly at
tackled Mr.. Bourguiba on this
issue in recent weeks. Ell Fassin,
one Of the most prominent of
the 1Stiqlal chiefs, roundly con-
demned what he called "Bour-
guibiSm" in an important
speech. He went unreprimanded,
The French are watching
developments with anxious at
tention. A break between Nor
Deco and Tunisia is far from
their wish. Fundamentally, Gen.
de Gaulle's hopes of achieving
peace in Algeria depend on
Morocco and Tunisia jointly
exerting a moderate and con-
structive influence on Algerian
nationaliSm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-21
President Vetoes
Tariff Measure
BY the Associated Press

President Eisenhower yester-
day vetoed a tariff bill because,
he said, it would violate an
agreement with Canada.
The measure would have in.
creased the duty on seed wheat
treated with poisonous sub
stances which serve to prevent
wheat diseases and discourage
insect damage to crops. Al
most all such wheat comes into
the United States from Canada.
At present. the duty is 5
per cent Of the value or about
10 cents a bushel at current
prices. The bill would have
made the seed wheat subject
to the same Il cents a bushel
duty applied to all other i'm
ported wheat.
Mr., Eisenhower said the bill
was ''inimical to the trade
policy of the United States,
the interests of our farmers.
and our relations with Canada. Z"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-21
Question of Quemoy and Mutsu

Under these circumstances,
the Nationalist government
has made 1t clear that q
statement from washington
to the effect that the offshore
islands are to be defended a.
much as Formosa itself might
be q better deterrent than
the policy Of keeping the
Reds guessing.
The Nationalist point out
that we have helped them 10
make Quemoy and Matsu
impregnable against any kind
Of landing operation from the
mainland. At our request
they have stationed q mill
tary force of some $4,000 men
who can fight from fortiflca-
tons dug into rocks. But this
force depends on supplies Of
all kinds from Formosa.
The intentions of the Com
munists, in as far as can b
gagged at present. is to inter-
rupt with their air power all
communications between For
mosa and its outposts: then
soften and conquer the is
lands by a combined air.
amphibious attack. Chinese
spokesman add that while the
loss of Quemoy and Matsu
may not be considered BY
Washington as a fatal blow to
Taiwan, the moral impact on
the 10 million Chinese on that
island and on the IL million
overseas Chinese, many Of
whom contribute vast sums
for the defense of Nationalist
China, may be disastrous.
The Communist propaganda
continues to blare all over
Asia warnings to the Nation.
alists in the islands and to
their fellow citizens in othor
Far Eastern areas not to trust
America because they will
not fight on your side when
the chips are down."
To dispel this type of prop
uganda it is essential, in the
opinion of the political lead
ers in Taipei, that Washing
ton declare itself firmly and
leave no doubt that Americas
might will be brought into
play should the men in Pei
ping unleash an attack
against the two islands.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-21
DORIS FLEEsoN
Next Move Is Up to Foubus

preachingest President in
history.
How then can he restrain
himself on an issue which
arouses so much moral fer
vor on all sides, including
integrationists, segregation
lists. liberals and many plain
people? He certainly is
humane. He speaks up
strongly for help to poor ma
tons, for collective security,
for peace and progress always.
1t is possible that, as he
lacks imagination. he finds
1t difficult to be emotional
or indignant about anything
not within his personal ex-
perience.
The President himself has
not had experience of ex-
IRENE restitution, personal
injustice, social snobbery,
lack Of access to a proper
education or economic dis
ability by reason Of his sex,
color or creed. These are
the burdens so often borne
by minorities. and how gall
ing they are is shown by
the fruit Of bitterness they
yield.
1t also is true that the
President has seemed less
emotional about the prob
lens of the unemployed than
about deficits. He has never
been unemployed since he
entered West Point. and
even during the depths of
the depression of the 30s.
every time the bugle blew, he
ate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-21
The President and the Governor

assistant United States mar
shall. There have been occa-
sions when as many as 5000
deputies have been sworn in
to handle riots and other dis
turbances where Federal
court DEGREES were being vio-
lated. Every citizen must
under those circumstances
accept service when sum-
moned. He must, when on
duty, arrest any person inter-
fering with enforcement Of
any Federal court decree or
Federal law, This method
has been disparaged by some
critics as futile. but 1t has
never proved so in the past
as, for instance, at the time
Of the Pullman riots in Illi-
nois during the Cleveland adj
ministration.
It is at least a civilian proc
ess, and, If 1t breaks down,
the persons responsible for
breaking 1t down can be pros
ecuted in Federal courts.
But, even with such methods
Of enforcement. the big OBJ
stacle is public sentiment.
President Eisenhower in mid
September, 1857, said to a
press conference: "You can
not legislate morality where
human beings are involved
1t must come from within"
He has repeated that COM
ment many times since. The
experience of the American
people with the Eighteenth
Amendment is a case in point.
1t was widely resisted be-
cause prohibition was UNI
popular. Enforcement be-
came next to impossible.
Resistance" need not be
violent. 1t can be peaceable.
Abraham Lincoln said in
1858 with respect to the bred
Scott decision of the Supreme
Court of the United States:
Somebody has to reverse
that decision, since it is
made; and we mean to re-
verse it, and we mean to do
1t peaceably."
The right of the people by
peaceful means to resist"
any law or court ruling is
imbedded in the Bill of Rights
Of the Constitution itself.
This generation has had no
experience with massive re-
sistance" to a provision of
the Constitution. The sue
ceSsful campaign, however, to
repeal the Eighteenth Amend
ment in 1888 was just such a
legitimate exercise of Consti-
tutional rights.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-21
Presidents Stand Viewed as Putting
Little Rock Issue Up to Governor

does not greatly care about
migration or at least is in
different to it.
A reporter put it to him
plainly. Would he talk, not
just about law and order, but
his personal feeling on the
indignation issue? Did he
personally favor an end to
segregated schools?
He replied that he thought
it was "just not good business
for me to do So" He sug-
gested 1t would weaken
public opinion" if he dis
cussed separate cases of con-
Stitutional law where I
might agree or disagree"
The presidential syntax
as usual was cloudy. But
Whatever q professor OF Eng
lish might think of it, it
served what was obviously his
purpose, which was to escape
the issue of conscience posed
to him.
And that is the really re-
markable fact about the
Presidents behavior on the
indignation issue. He loves
to preach. He breaches all
the time. He breaches on
economic questions, to the
despair and Illustration of
economists and politicians
who simply do not believe
that economic facts yield to
moral suasion. His friends
and foes agree that he is the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-21

President Eisenhower has
now affirmed publicly that he
will maintain law and order
in Little Rock and every
where else in the United
States. He refused to elabo-
rate, but the effect is a
pledge to use troops again,
If necessary, In the integra-
ton struggle.
So the monkey is on the
back Of Gov. Orval Eau
bus Of Arkansas and other
defiant SegregationistS. Unless
they can manage to keep the
issue floating around in some
kind Of Federal court nirvana,
school reopening in about
two weeks will be a time Of
tension and worse.
Inc President maze GOOD
on the background assurances
Of the Justice Department.
which were all that could
be had here until he spoke.
These sources were insisting
that the Federal Government
would maintain order some
how.
What the President refused
flatly to do was to speak up
in support Of the principle Of
indignation. This is the point
where Southern moderates
feel let down and in a sense
left isolated in hostile ter
ritory. Liberals contend that
the presidential silence per-
mits the inference that he
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-21
DAVID LAWRENCE

Neither the statement is
sued by President Eisenhower
nor the one issued by Gov.
ernor Faubus Of Arkansas
points the way to a settlement
Of the "integration" contro-
versy at Little Rock.
The President is right as
far as he goes in interpreting
the duty Of the Federal Gov
eminent, and Gov. Faubus
is right in constituting the
limits Of the power of q State
Governor.
Mr.. Eisenhower spoke of
"the solemn duty that ALI
Americans have to comply
with the final orders of the
court" But this does not
solve the problem Of how
court DEGREES shall be en-
forced. The President added:
Nor should we lose sight Of
the fact that the maintenance
OF order to permit compliance
with the final orders Of the
court is the responsibility Of
each State"
The key words are the
maintenance Of order"
which, in turn. would per
NIT compliance" with Fed
erAl court orders.
Gov. Faubus says: II
do recognize my duty to pre-
serve the peace Of the State,
and I shall continue to do so
to the best Of my ability"
so far, both the President
and the Governor are in
agreement in interpreting the
duty Of a State. The issue,
however, Is broader. The
President, for instance, says:
Each State owes to its in
habitants, to its sister States
and to the Union the obliga-
ton to suppress unlawful
forces"
Even this would be agreed
to by the Governor of any
State. But the President APP
pears to extend the obliga-
ton Of State authority when
he says:
ut (the State) cannot by
action or deliberate failure to
act permit violence to frus-
trate the preservation Of in
dividual rights as determined
by q court decree"
The reference in the fore
going sentence to deliberate
failure to act" is unprece-
dented as q definition of con-
stitutional obligations at
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-21

firms here are affected. Heavy
fines are imposed on violators.
Cairo newspapers hailed the
decree. One saw it as com
plotting the aspects of our ma
tional status and dealing with
a serious drawback that be-
longs to the days when the
country was under domination
and foreign occupation"
The new law does permit use
of a foreign language on signs
side by side with Arabic but on
condition that Arabic is more
prominent.
Most Cairo shops for years
have had multiple language
signs-either English and Ara
bic or French and Arabic.
President NasSer's Arabic
campaign began with the
schools. There he ordered that
no student may be promoted
to a higher class unless he has
satisfactory grades in Arabic.
He also introduced the Ger
man language in schools.
Choices are among English,
French and German. German
is gaining but English and
French are still far ahead in
nearly all schools.
Russian and Italian will be
added next term.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-21
CONSTANTINE BROWN
u. S. Offiei0ls Seen SecretHe on Action
Should Reds Attack Formoso Outposts

any action which the Com
munist bloc could denounce
as aggression.
The present policy Of the
administration seems to re-
main, as in the past, TO keep
the enemy guessing" One
Of the reasons why we are
discouraging counterattack is
that the planes we have
provided the Nationalist
with, while more recent than
those given the Republic Of
Korea Air Force, are still in
ferior to those the Soviet
Union has supplied the Chi
nese Communists. Thus any
retaliation or massive en-
gagement Of the Red Air
Force over the Formosa
Strait would necessarily have
to be supported by American
air power. That may mean
setting the whole Far East
afire.
President Chang Kai-shek
and Prime Minister Gen.
Chen Chen, an able soldier
who Is designated to succeed
Generalissimo Chang to the
presidency, do not believe
that the guessing game
adopted by Washington as a
diplomatic military instru-
ment In that area will pay
dividends. It might have
been all right in the past,
when the Communists were
fearful of the American
striking power represented by
the 18th Fleet and our air
force in Okinawa.
But recent developments
have caused them to doubt
our willingness to fight if
challenged. According to
American sources in the Far
East, the unfortunate sur
render study" widely pub
licized last week has made a
real impact not only on our
enemies but also among many
friends who are relying on
this country's determination
to fight to maintain the free
dom Threatened by the Com
munistS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-21
No Solution to Little Rock Issue Seen
In Eisenhower or Foubus Statements

tributed to a state Governor
or q State Legislature. 1t
means. In q nutshell, that q
State Is required to assist the
Federal Government in the
enforcement of its court de-
crees. This has never before
been regarded as q legal obn-
CATION Of the State. though
many times State authorities
have voluntarily assisted the
Federal Government, parti-
cular'y where Federal prop
erty or even enforcement Of
a Federal law was involved.
To say, on the other hand,
that the Federal Government
may act as the disciplinarian
of a State is to contradict the
Constitution which declares
that Federal forces may be
used to suppress domestic
violence" in a State only
when called upon by the
Governor or the State Legis-
lature. The President has the
right to use Federal troops
to suppress instruction" or
to enforce the claws OF the
United States" but no au-
thority specifically given by
Congress exists today which
would permit the use of Fed
eral troops to enforce court
DEGREES. There Is a legal dis
tinction between a court de-
cree and a Flaw of the United
States"
Governor Faubus is we'll
aware of the limits of the
legal obligation imposed upon
him when he says:
"If it is the purpose of Mr..
Eisenhower'S statement to re-
affirm his position Of last fall,
that it Is my duty as Gov
ernor to use the militia to
enforce Indignation in any
school district in this State,
then I must say my position
Of last fall is unchanged.
II do not interpret my con-
stitutional duties to cover any
such theory as advanced by
the President. I do rec
ognize my duty to preserve
the peace of the State, and /
shall continue to do 50 to the
best of my ability"
There is a way available to
the Federal Government to
enforce court DEGREES without
using troops. 1t is the only
one provided by law. 1t per-
mits a United States marshal
to deputize any citizen as an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-21

American policy-makers are
adopting q secretlve attitude
when Queried about what our
forces In the Pacific will do
in the event the Chinese
Communists decide to attack
Quemoy and Matsu, the two
strongly fortified outposts Of
Formosa. We have q definite
treaty with the Nationalist
government providing for the
defense Of Formosa and the
Pescadores Islands. But the
decision to defend the two
offshore islands is left to the
discretion Of President Eisen.
hover. who will be guided,
according to statements made
by him previously, by "stra-
tegic considerations"
The Taipei government In
sists. however, that when the
treaty Of alliance was signed
in 1856 there was an i'm
piled pledge on our part to
help defend the two vital
outposts. In recent weeks,
since the high-level CONFER
ence between Nikita Khru-
shchev and Mao Tse-tung in
Peiping, the Communists have
stepped UP their "demonstra-
tons" against Matsu and
Quemoy considerably. The
islands are being shelled
heavily by Communist artil-
lery.
What is giving the Ameri-
can and Chinese Nationalist
top military much food for
thought is the fact that the
Communists are now making
numerous sorties with MIG
ITS and Jet bombers. These
sortieS are regarded more as
an indication Of an impend-
ing attack than as intimida-
ton. The Nationalist STRAIT
egg is being dictated by
Washington. Thus. although
the Nationalist would like to
retaliate or at least engage
the enemy's sorties, they are
being urged to refrain from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-21

PARIS. Aug. 81 CNANA).-
President Habib Bourguiba's
cooling relations with the Al
Eerian rebels have taken a dras-
tie turn for the worse following
the seizure by TuniSian author
tiles Of the rebels oficial news
paper.
This latest sign of a falling
out among North African ma
tionaliSts is highly welcome
news to French officials. They
hope it may lead to an align
ment of nonextremist forces in
North Africa against the
FILMS adamant refusal to
negotiate an Algerian solution.
The FIN. is the leading
Algerian nationalist group.
Reliable sources here report
that what amounts to an open
break has occurred between the
moderate and pro-WeStern Tu-
nissan chieftain and the FIN.
leadership. It resulted from a
raid by Tunisian police on the
printing plant where the FIN.
propaganda organ. FL Moudja-
hid, was published. The plant
was padlocked and the news
paper. containing q bold attack
on Mr.. Bourguiba. suppressed.
Delegation Snubbed
When an FIN. delegation,
led by Krim Belkacem. few to
Tunis to discuss this and other
widening differences with Mr..
Bourguiba, he refused to see
them.
Mr.. Bourguiba also is reliably
understood to be threatening
to withdraw from the Tangier
agreement Of last April. The
agreement pledged the nation
alist parties Of Tunisia and
Morocco to ally themselves with
the FIN. in its fight for in
dependence.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-21
Tunision Chief Breaks
With Algerian Rebels

The feud between Mr.. Bour-
guiba and the radical leader
ship of the FIN. has been
simmering for several months.
The immediate reason behind
Ell Moudjahid's bitter criticism
of Mr.. Bourguiba was Tunisia's
willingness to help France build
a Sahara oil pipeline.
The best route for a pipeline
is through Tunisian territory.
But the rebels look on Tunisian
acquiescence in the project as
tantamount to trading with the
enemy.
Deeper Differences
However, basic differences run
deeper than this. Essentially
anti-NaSser, Mr.. Bourguiba has
been increasingly dismayed by
the FILMS veering toward
Cairo. He has sought. without
success, to persuade it to re-
nounce its close ties with Col.
NaSSer.
Also. the Tunisian President
does not hide his high regard
for Charles de Gaulle. He be-
lieves the FIN. could deal with
the French Premier and ulti-
mately reach a satisfactory
Algerian settlement. When the
FIN. scotched the possibility
of negotiating with Gen. de
Gaulle. Mr.. Bourguiba was OUT
ragged.
In the present situation, Mr.,
Bourguiba finds himself vir-
tually alone. Morocco generally
has been TuniSia's ally on the
side Of moderation. This time,
for . variety of reasons. the
Moroccan government is siding
with the FIN.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-21
With the FIN.

Mr.. Bourguiba's attitude to-
ward the pipeline also has an
gered the Moroceans, > who hope
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-31
Ex-Prohibition Agent
Retiring From GSA

Frank d. Tlppett. 90. a
mainstay Of Prohibition en-
iorcement before repeal. Is re-
firing e. chief Inspector Of the
Federal supply Services quail
ity control division after more
than 80 years Of Government
service.
At the General Services Ad-
minlstration. Mr.. Tlppett has
been chief inspector IN charge
OF materials manufactured and
purchased IN the District. Mary
land. Virginia and West vir-
einia. He also supervised ma
terials purchased under the
foreign aid progress.
Previously, he served ~ years
until 1910 with the Bureau OF
Internal Revenue. holding nu-
merous area supervisory post
tons around the country. Be-
fore repeal Of prohibition. he
was cited on several OCCASIONS
a. one Of the outstanding brew
cry enforcement agents.
A native Of oeorgetown. Mr..
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-31

SEOUL. Korea. July 81 tR.--
Pfc. Carey Z. simpson Of
cIarksdaIe, Miss. today was
ordered 10 stand trial August
$ before q general courtmartial
on charges Of pushing two
Korean soldiers OF the mail
car Of an Army train he was
guarding.
The 1e- year old military
policeman was formally charged
with involuntary manslaughter
and assault. One OF the
Koreans was killed and the
other seriously injured after
they hitched . ride on the train
May - Just south Of Seoul.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-31

Tippett was with the Navy De-
partment for two years. He
lives at ai21 Thirty-seventh
street NV. He L married and
has a daughter. Mrs. cloyd
Myers. Warwick. n. I. and
three grandchildren.
Mr.. Tippett IL an enthusiast
&c hunter and has two coon
hounds and two rabbit dogs.
He Is an associate OF Harry
Lloyd OF the OK Yoke Inn. Ger
mantown. Md. where the ate
Walter johnson kept. bred and
raised many Of his hunting
dogs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-31
Czech Army Chief
Removed From Post

VIENNA. July 81 R.-The
Czechoslovak Army chief OF
stan. Gen. vaclav Kratochvil,
has been removed from his
post and replaced by a Gen
Rytir, Radio Prague said yes
terday. No reason was given.
The General, who was not re-
elected TO the general commit
tee Of the Czechoslovak Com
muniSt party last month. pre-
sumably has been purged.