davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-27
The Moon
As q Cool

Moon exploration will In
volve three distinct levels of
difficulty. The first would be a
simple shot at the moon, end
ing either in a hard" landing
or a circling of the moon. Next
in difficulty would be soft"
landing. And most difficult of
all would be a soft" landing
followed by a safe return to
earth.
The payload for a simple
moon shot might be a small
instrument carrier similar to a
satellite. For the more difficult
soft" landing, the carrier
would have to include, as part
OF its payload. a "retro-rocket"
"a decelerating rocket to pro-
vide braking action, since the
moon has no atmosphere that
could serve as a cushion.
To carry out the most diff
cult feat, a round trip to the
moon, will require that the
initial payload include not only
''retro-rockets" but rockets to
take of again from the moon.
Equipment will also be required
aboard to get the payload
through the atmosphere and
safely back to earth. To land
a man on the moon and get
him home safely again will
require a very big rocket en-
CINE indeed-one with a thrust
in the neighborhood of | or 2
million pounds. While nuclear
power may prove superior to
chemical fuels in engines of
multi : million pound thrust.
even the atom will provide no
short cut to space exploration.
Sending a small instrument
carrier to Mars, although re-
curing much more initial pro-
pulsion than a simple moon
shot, would take a much longer
travel time (eight months or
more, and the problems of
NAVIGATION and final guidance
are formidable.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-27

run faster than its counterpart
on earth, another Of Einstein's
great and daring predictions
would be confirmed.
(This is not the same as
the prediction that any NOV
ing clock will appear to a
stationary observer to lose
time-a prediction that ply
sicists already regard as well
confirmed.)
There are also some special
questions about cosmic rays
which can be settled only by
detecting the rays before they
shatter themselves against the
earth's atmosphere. And, Of
course, animals carried in satel-
lites will begin to answer the
question: What is the effect Of
weightlessness on physiological
and psychological functions?
(Gravity is not felt inside
q satellite because the earth's
pull is precisely balanced by
centrifugal force. This is just
another way of saying that
bodies inside a satellite be-
have exactly as they would
inside a freely falling eleva-
tori
Boon for Weathermen
The satellite that will turn
its attention downward holds
great promise for meteorology
and the eventual improvement
Of weather forecasting. Present
weather stations on land and
sea can keep only about 10 per
cent of the atmosphere under,
surveillance. Two or three
weather satellites could make
a cloud inventory Of the whole
globe every few hours. From
this inventory meteorologists
believe they could spot large
storms dncluding hurricanes)
in their early stages and chart
their direction of movement
with much more accuracy than
at present. Other instruments
in the satellites will measure
for the first time how much
solar energy is falling upon the
earth's atmosphere and how
much is reflected and radiated
back into space by clouds,
oceans. the continents. and by
the great polar ice fields.
1t is not generally appre-
ciated that the earth has to
send back into space, over the
long run, exactly as much heat
energy as it receives from the
sun. If this were not so the
earth would either heat up or
cool of. But there is an excess
of income over outgo in the
tropical regions, and an excess
Of outgo over income in the
polar regions. This imbalance
has to be continuously rectified
by the activity Of the earth's
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-27

WnaC are the principal rea-
sons for undertaking q national
space program? What can we
expect to gain from space sci
ence and exploration? What
are the scientific laws and facts
and the chronological means
which it would be helpful to
know and understand in reach
ing sound policy decisions for
a United States space program
and its management by the
Federal Government? This
statement seeks to provide brief
and Introductory answers to
these questions.
It is useful to distinguish
among four factors which give
Importance. urgency, and in
evitability to the advancement
of space technology.
The first of these factors is
the compelling urge of man to
explore and to discover. the
thrust Of curiosity that leads
man to try to go where no one
has gone before. Most of the
surface of the earth has now
been explored and men now
turn to the exploration of
outer space as their next OBJ
jective.
Second. there is the defense
objective for the development
of space technology. We wish
to be sure that space is not
used to endanger our security
If space is to be used for mill
tary purposes, we must be pre-
pared to use space to defend
ourselves.
Third. there is the factor of
national prestige. To be strong
and bold in space technology
will enhance the prestige of
the United States among the
peoples of the world and create
confidence in our scientific
chronological. industrial, and
military strength.
Fourth. space technology af-
fords new opportunities for
scientific observation and ex-
pertinent which will add to our
knowledge and understanding
of the earth. the solar system,
and the universe.
The determination of what
our space program should be
must take into consideration
all four of these detectives.
While this statement deals
mainly with the use of space
for scientific inquiry, we fully
recognize the Importance of the
other three detectives.
In fact it has been the mil
itary quest for ultra long-range
rockets that has provided man
with new machinery so power
full that it can readily put sat-
elites in orbit, and. before long,
send instruments out to explore
the moon and nearby planets.
In this way. what was at first
a purely military enterprise has
opened UP an exciting era of
exploration that few men, even
a decade ago. dreamed would
come in this century.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-27

that can never reach the earth's
surface because of the inter-
vening atmosphere.
The satellites immediate en-
vironment at the edge of space
is empty only by earthly stand
ards. Actually, empty" space
is rich in energy, radiation. and
fast-moving particles Of great
variety. Here we will be ex-
ploring the active medium, a
kind Of electrified plasma,
dominated by the sun. through
which our earth moves.
Scientists have indirect evil
dence that there are vast sys-
TENS of magnetic fields and
electric currents that are con-
nected somehow with the out
ward flow of charged material
from the sun. These fields and
currents the satellites will be
able to measure for the first
time. Also for the first time. the
satellites will give us a detailed
three dimensional picture of
the earth's gravity and its mag
netic field.
A Test for Einstein
Physicists are anxious to run
one crucial and fairly simple
gravity experiment as soon as
possible. This experiment will
test an important prediction
made by Einstein's General
Theory of Relatively. namely,
that a clock will run faster as
the gravitational field around
it is reduced. If one of the
Enthusiastically accurate clocks,
using atomic frequencies, were
placed in a satellite and should
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-27
The Thrust
Into Space

Rocket engineers rate rockets
not in horsepower. but in thrust.
Thrust is just another name
for push, and it is expressed in
pounds of force. The rocket gets
its thrust or push by exhausting
material backward. It is this
thrust that lifts the rocket of
the earth and accelerates it,
making it move faster and
faster.
AS everyone knows, it is more
difficult to accelerate an auto
mobile than a baby carriage.
To place satellites weighing
1000 to 1000 pounds in orbit
requires a flrst-stage rocket,
engine, or engines, having a
thrust in the neighborhood of
100000 to 100000 pounds.
Rocket engines able to supply
this thrust have been under
development for some time.
For launching a satellite, or
other space vehicle, the rocket
engineer divides his rockets in
to two. three, or more stages,
which can be dropped one af-
ter the other in fight, thus re-
ducing the total weight that
must be accelerated to the final
velocity desired. (In other
words, it is a great waste of
energy to lift one huge fuel
tank into orbit when the tank
can be divided into smaller
tanks-each packaged in its
own stage with its own rocket
motor-that can be left behind
as they become empty.
Weight Reduction FOreseen
To launch some of the pres
ent satellites has required
rockets weighing up to 1000
times the weight of the satellite
itself. But it will be possible to
reduce takeoff weights until
they are only so to 100 times
that of the satellite. The
rockets high ratio Of gross
weight to payload follows from
a fundamental limitation in
the exhaust velocities that can
be achieved by chemical pro-
pellants.
If we want to send up not
a satellite but a device that
will reach the moon. we need
a larger rocket relative to its
payload in order that the final
stage can be accelerated to
about $4,000 miles per hour.
This speed. called the escape
velocity" is the speed with
which a projectile must be
thrown to escape altogether
from the gravitational pull of
the earth. If a rocket fired at
the moon is to use as little fuel
as possible, it must attain the
escape velocity very near the
beginning Of its trip. After this
peak speed is reached, the
rocket will be gradually slowed
down by the earth's pull, but
it will still move fast enough
to reach the moon in two or
three days.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-27
Why Satellites
Stuy Up

Inc DaSlc laws governing sat-
elites and space flight are fas-
chatting in their own right.
And while they have been well
known to scientists ever since
Newton. they may still seem a
little puzzling and unreal to
many Of us. Our children, how
ever. will understand them
quite we'll.
We all know that the harder
you throw a stone the farther
1t will travel before falling to
earth. If you could imagine
your strength so Enthusiastically
multiplied that you could
throw a stone at a speed of
$4,000 miles per hour, it would
travel a great distance. 1t
would. in fact. easily cross the
Atlantic Ocean before the
earth's gravity pulled it down.
Now imagine being able to
throw the stone just a little
faster, say about 10000 miles
per hour, what would happen
then?
The stone would again cross
the ocean. but this time il
would travel much farther than
1t did before. 1t would travel
SO lar that 1t would overshoot
the earth, so to speak, and keep
falling until it was back where
1t started. Since in this imagi-
nary example there is no atmos-
pheric resistance to slow the
stone down, it would still be
travelling at its original speed
$4,000 miles per hour, when il
had got back to its starting
point. So around the earth il
goes again. From the stones
point Of view, it is continuously
falling, except that its very
slight downward arc exactly
matches the curvature of the
eartn, and so 1t stays aloft-or
as the scientist would say, "in
orbit"-indefinitely.
Must Be Fired High
Since the earth has an atmo-
sphere, of course, neither stones
nor satellites can be sent whiz-
zing around the earth at tree
top level. Satellites must first
be lifted beyond the reach oil
atmospheric resistance. 1t is
absence of atmospheric resist
ance plus speed that makes the
satellite possible. 1t may seem
odd that weight or mass has
nothing to do with a satellites
orbit. If a feather we're released
from a ten-ton satellite, the two
would stay together, following
the same path in the airless
void.
There is. however, a slight
vestige Of atmosphere even q
few hundred miles above the
earth. and its resistance will
cause the feather to spiral in
ward toward the earth sooner
than the satellite. 1t is atmo-
Spheric resistance. however
slight. that has set limits or
the life Of all satellites launched
to date. Beyond a few hun
dred miles the remaining trace
OF atmosphere fades away SC
rapidly that tomorrow's satel-
lites should stay aloft thousands
o. years. and perhaps, indef.
initely.
The higher the satellite. in.
eidentally, the less sneed Il
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-27
INTRODUCTION TO SPACE
Presidents Advisers
Give Stellar A-B-Cs

Following is the ter OF the document "Introduction
to Outer Space prepared By The Presidents Scientific
Advisory Committee 0ich President Eisenhower yesterday
termed he most interesting and fascinating thing in this
field that haze seem:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-27

SILVER SPRING, ND. $500 Daily
ALEXANDRIA, VA. $50 to 8 Mon, Thurs Fri.
CLARENDON. VA. $50 to Mon, Thurs, Fri.
7coRNERS, VA. $50 to $50 Mon, Thurs, Fri
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-27

l4th 6 6 1909 Mon., Thurs.
7th SK 5000 Mon., Thurs.
ABB CONN. 1909 Daily
BIB 18th 1909 Daily
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-27

SPACE PRIMER AUTHORS Kian r Qef chairman
of the Presidents Science Advisory Committee special
assistant science technology principal sgner the
report Introduction Space among Is
who prepared the fascinating" by the President
DR. Hans Behe noted physicist nter) 1t
Dooe chairman the National Advisory
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-27

needs to stay In orbit once 10
gets there (thus. the moons
speed is only a little more than
1000 miles per hour), but to
launch a satellite toward a more
distant orbit requires a higher
initial speed and greater ex-
penditure of energy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-27

For the first te Forheim hos perfected method
reducing weohtot sacrifice This SOLoht
construction remarkable oeheeenyoue feel the difference
the moment you step into our flexible Spring FIorsheims
A. SORRENTO, black brown Golf sipon 1895
LUcERNE black brown walnut colt noeex construction 1925
C. COMO black brown oove and fine morocco eron
zl.ss
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-27

paratively 10
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03
Hold Rites for
Mrs. Niehus, So

Funeral services were held
Monday morning at the Riton-
daro Funeral Home, Chardon,
for Mrs. Nora NiehuS, Clay St,
Montville, who died in Lake
County Memorial Hospital Fri
day after a long illness.
She was born March 6, 1905 in
Fairport and had been a resi-
dent Of Montville II years, COM
ing from Mayfield Heights.
She was a member of st. Pat
rick's Church in Thompson.
Surviving are her husband,
Oswald, (best known as Red, -
three sons, william, Chardon po-
lice Dept. Patrolman, Thomas,
and James, Montville; a sister
Mrs. Eileen Winter; a brother
Edward Sullivan; mother, Mrs
Maude Sullivan, and one grand
child.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03
NOTICE
VACATION WITH A PLUS

VACATION WITH A PLUS
These are summer months
when nearly everyone is taking
a vacation. We are glad for ev-
eryone who can have vaca-
ton, but there will be none for
many of humanity'S suffering
children. For example, read this
portion of a letter from a leper
couple: MY dear brothers and
sisters, The cross that we bear
is very heavy indeed. I am with
out my feet and almost without
eyes and now the home of our
children has been destroyed.
Life has become unbearable.
This leper colony is certainly
indebted for what you have done
for it and may God bless you"
The Lord Jesus had a special
interest in lepers. This summer
as thousands take to the high
ways and beaches, may you
have a vacation with a plus ..
do something extra for others.
Bandages are urgently needed
for lepers. You can help. All
white cloth such as shirts,
sheets, etc Please contact Mrs.
Robert Poison, Avenue 6-1441,
Mrs. May Blewett, Avenue s.
1905. 1x27
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03
FOR S ALE
HOUSEHOLD
GOODS

2 OSCnLATING FLOOR FANS,
SIS each 1854 Westinghouse
Thrifty Thirty" stove, good
condition, $1O0. Brass fireplace
set including screen and irons
and tools, complete $40. 1854
Westinghouse "a ton air condi-
toner, 500 Sunbeam meat
grinder and food chopper at
tachment, SIS adjustable win
dow fan, excellent shape, $40.
Phone Avenue 6-4141. 2x27
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03
Rites in Mansfield
for James Quaintance

EAMBDEN-Last rites for ia
es F. Quaintance, 81, who died
Wednesday afternoon in Lake
side Hospital, were held in
Mansfield, Ohio, Sunday.
Three months prior to his
death he had resided with his
son and daughter-in-law, Mr..
and Mrs. Chester Quaintance,
Rt. 1866, Hambden.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03
CARD OF THANKS

We wish to express our sin
cere thanks to our many friends,
neightobrs, relatives, DR.. Corey,
ther Walsh, the Sheriff's Dept,
and his staff, Father Moran, Fa-
and Charles Russell for their
many acts of kindness, flowers.
and spiritual bouquets.
Mr.. Joe Tvergyak Sr.
and Family 1n27
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03
BUSINESS
OPPORTUNITY
MAN OR WOMAN

NII11N O1N VO4VIAA1N
Responsible person from this
area to service and collect from
automatic dispensers. No sell
ing. Age not essential. Car, re-
ferenceS, and a small invest
ment necessary. 7 to II hours
weekly nets excellent monthly
in c O m e. Possibility fuJltime
work. For local interview give
phone and particulars. Write
P.O. Box 146, Minneapolis 40,
MINI. 1p27
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03

FOR SALE OR RENT NEAR
Gates Mills. Beautiful ear
ly American thoroughly re-
modelled home. 8 bedrooms
and bath up. Living room
17x30 with large picture win
dows, entrance hallway. Kit
chen, full dining room, lava
tory and utility room down.
Full basement and double
garage. Situated on a 2 acre
wooded parcel overlooking
beautiful scenery. $29, 500.
Call owner KE 1-OO34 or KE
1861. 2p28
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03

5 PAIR DRAPES BEAUTIFUL
floral design line new. Only
$40. Phone E. Claridon 6-6577.
2ltf
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03

AUTOMATIC washer, works like
new. Call and see what you
can get for only $50. Phone
Montville 1901. 13tf
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03
CARD OE THANKS

We wish to thank all the many
friends and neighbors for their
thoughtfulness and kindness
during the recent sudden pass
ing of my husband and our SON.
in-laW. Our especial thanks to
Rev. Kallio and Rev. Bickel.
Mrs. Paul Moore
Mr.. and Mrs. Albert
Schroeppel 1p27
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03

NEW 1858 HOUSE TRAITOR
as long TO- wide $3895. 90.
Leaders Trailor Park, S4424 Eu-
cid Ave, Willoughby, Ohio. Call
Whitehall 2-9399. 3c27
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03

FOR SALE TO SETTLE AN
estate: In Middlefield, 2 IA
mily home ON Main st. with
unusually deep lot: New auto
matte oil furnace: Full base
ment. Very sound construc-
ton. Garage. Make offer.
At Lake Aquilla, cottage
with garage, Oil heat. Can
be purchased for $500.
Write Thomas D. Rowley,
attorney at law, Middlefield,
Ohio, or call Middlefield Q
5531. 23tf
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03
SCENIC, NEAR CHARDON, 2

SCENIC, NEAR CHARDON, z
years old, lot 1O0x235, city wa
ter, sewers, 3 bedrooms, clay
tile bath, carpeting, fireplace,
planter boxes, full basement,
Best heating system, aluminium
storms and screens, 2 car at
tached garage 24x32 with cleo
trio door, would consider small
er home on trade, asking only
$23, 500. Sturger Realtor. CHI g.
5681 or VIII 3-2485. 2x27
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03
CARD OF THANKS

I wish to express my hearth
est thanks and gratitude to the
ChardOn Police and Geauga
Sheriff's Dept, Ritondaro Fun
eral Home for ambulance Ser
vice, Corey Hospital and all the
doctors who assisted in the care
of my wife, Helen Bushnell
Stone. Also to all who helped at
the scene of the accident.
WaVne N. Stone 1D27
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03
FOR SALE
TO SETTLE ESTATE

TO SETTLE ESTATE
2-family home in Middle
field, full basement, deep
lot, new Oil furnace. Very
good construction. Gar
age. Make offer.
Cottage at Lake Aquilla,
oil heat, garage. Price
$500.
Write or phone Thomas G.
Rowley, Attorney at Law,
Middlefield, Ohio, Middle
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03
CARD OF THNAKS

To all the good friends, who,
in my recent disqualification sent
me get we'll cards or any other
expression of their interest and
good will, I wish to express my
SinCereSt appreciation.
Pearl Knapp lp27
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03

FISH FOR STOCKING PUR-
poses. Free estimates and ad-
wise on pond and lake stocking.
Algea control. Call Fritz Neu-
bauer. Temple 4-8501 or JOrdon
4-2253. 6p27
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03
FO S ALE

26' WESTERN FLYER BICY-
Gle, in Al condition. Call Ave
nue. 5-8941. 2x27
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03

DACHSHUND P U P S, RED,
males. Axe. Phone Avenue s.
Aba. 2x27
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1958-07-03

WANTED-HOME FOR ABAND-
oned young female dog in ear
ly stages of motherhood. She
seems to love children and
would make a lovely pet. She
Is small and looks like a cocker
Spaniel. Park 9-4553. 2p28
Montgomery County sentinel., 1958-12-18

Laurel didn't make floor shot
in either the first or third quar-
tnrc
Montgomery County sentinel., 1958-12-18
Damascus Off
To Fast Start
In Cage Play

Damascus is host to Westmin-
ster, Class A school from Car
roll County, this Friday night,
The Hornets with an allsenior
starting five, are off to fine
start with two wins in impress
sive style. They played Glenelg
high of Howard County Tuesday,
The Hornets won their opener
against Mt. Airy 1925 and then
slaughtered Laurel 49-17 last Fri.
day. Louis Abrahams has been
the hottest article at the up-coun-
ty school in long time throwing
in As points in the first two con
tests.
Coach Leon Swart doesn't know
too much about Westminster but
hopes for win despite the diff.
ference in enrollments of the
schools.
Damascus held Laurel to less
than 20 points for the game and
led 23-7 at halftime last week
Montgomery County sentinel., 1958-12-18
R0rons Host
ROcketsAher
johnson MIN

B-CC may have a little trouble
duplicating its feat of last week
in winning in spectacular style in
the last five seconds, but the
Barons aren't likely to find it nee
essary when Richard Montgom-
cry comes to town Friday night.
The Barons got their first win
of the season and also their d4 d
matte first win over rival Walter
johnson on a one-handed set from
the outside by Dave Young last
week.
Meanwhile, Richard Montgom-
cry lost to Blair by the lopsided
score of 1928, after leading the
Blazers for a quarter. For the
Rockets it seems a question of
time before the highly-touted
sophomores can start feeling their
oats and until that time the
shakedown is going to be rough.
The Rockets will again find
themselves looking up at the op-
position. Fred Role, 6 foot 3,
Brad Brooks, foot 5, and Don
kreuger 6 foot 3, have most of
the high altitude and while not
"tall' in the modern basketball
sense of the word, they are high
er than the Rockets.
THE big boys were rebound
ing much better against Walter
Johnson than against Wakefield"
Montgomery County sentinel., 1958-12-18

O 0 Windsor / Mackey
o 0 McClelland ! 0 Pontius, w.
Doane, X.
1S 8 45 Totals s II q
Halftime: 21-l3, Blair.