davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-06
No Sense of Urgency

The 1884 billion defense appropria-
ton bill has passed the House and is on
its way to the Senate. This is ire
mendous sum of money-more than half
of the total Federal budget for the 1859
fiscal year. But dollars alone, in what
ever amount, cannot insure our Ma
tons security, and it was to this point
that Representative Mahon of Texas
addressed himself in presenting the bill
to the House earlier in the week.
Mr.. Mahon was appealing for an
American sense of urgency, real and
lively recognition of the fact that the
Soviet threat to our pre-eminence in
industry, science and military striking
power is steadily increasing, and will
continue to grow during the next few
years. And defense money alone will
not be adequate to meet the threat.
Mr.. Mahon put it this way:
This bill is not going to be adequate
regardless of the billions provided I'M
less the right attitude and atmosphere
prevail in this country. The degree OF
dedication of the American people at
all levels to the task at hand will deter
mine the outcome. The present attitude
is not sufficient. There does not exist
the degree of determination and single
ness of purpose required to meet the
challenge confronting us.
This, we think, is an accurate anal
ysiS of the American mood. Too many
people, as Mr.. Mahon said, are overly
intent upon keeping up with the JoneSeS
too many are concerned with the queS-
ton of why Silky Sullivan didn't run.
Perhaps nothing can be done to remedy
this condition. But if nothing is done,
If our people cannot be aroused to real
sense of urgency, then we are not going
to stay ahead of the Russians in the
deadly race that is already under way.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-06
Tunisio's Complaint

1t is good that the Security Council
has postponed further discussion of the
TuniSian complaint against France. For
there is a real chance of a negotiated
settlement, now that General de Gaulle
has taken over in Paris. This prospect
would not have been helped, however,
by an acrimonious exchange between
France and Tunisia in the Council.
BombingS and troop clashes have
seriously strained relations between the
two countries. But General de Gaulle
has sent word to TuniSian President
Bourguiba appealing for help to settle
the differences between our two coun-
tries" And the latter was quoted re-
Gently as saying that he thought Gen
eral de Gaulle was the only Frenchman
capable of settling French-Tunisian
problems.
SO why not give the newly installed
French Premier a chance? Postpone
ment of further Security Council debate
until after General de Gaulle and PreSi-
dent Bourguiba have had an opportunity
to see what can be done through direct
negotiations cannot possibly prejudice
Tunisia'S case. On the contrary, If the
real TuniSian objective is to have some
$4,000 French troops recalled from that
country, a show of patience now could
well be helpful.
In any event, our representative on
the Council, Mr. WadSworth, was GER
tainly justified in saying to both France
and TuniSia: 1T is the deep conviction
of the United States that nothing should
take place that might interrupt such
process of pacific settlement, or to pre-
Judge the intentions of both govern
ments. This means that it is important
for the Council to seek to insure that
whatever happens here in no way i'm
pairs the prospect for a satisfactory
solutioF Of outstanding problemf be-
tween the two countries"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-06
DisiIIusioned Neutral?

India continues to offer refreshing
evidence that its "neutraliSm" in the
cold war is not always blindly benevo-
lent toward the Soviet Union.
Two influential Indian newspapers,
the HinduStan Times and the Indian
Express, have carried editorials in recent
days strongly criticizing the Moscow
government for withholding economic
aid to YugoSlavia because of theological
differences. Their cenSure follows the
line expressed a few weeks ago by Prime
Minister Nehru, but goes even beyond
Mr.. Nehru in charging the Soviet Union
with using economic aid as weapon
foX political Subversio3. The fact that
Irla itself is receiving two large Soviet
lc..hs for construction Of industrial ia
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-06
Education by W

Washington continues to lag behind
other cities In phase of education that
could contribute greatly to the cause
of learning. Although 81 stations have
been licensed in this country and one in
Puerto Rico for the broadcasting of nom
commercial educational televiSion, none
exists in the Washington area. The
problem here seems to be one of f1nanc-
ing, which means that no university or
group of universities has indicated any
willingness to sponsor a station.
The Federal Communications Com
mission in 1852 set aside 258 special
channels for educational TV, expecting
a rush of applicants for licenses. The
rush never developed, however. But
there has been steady progress in some
parts of the Nation, as interest has
grown in the possibilities of the new
teaching medium. The ETY. stations,
as they are called, now are receiving
a special series of programs arranged
through the cooperation of the Edu-
cational TeleviSion and Radio Center at
Ann Arbor, Michigan, and the National
Broadcasting Company. Live programs
on medical and biological research, for
eign policy music and other subjects
are fed to the noncommercial academic
stations. Some of them have been re-
broadcast on commercial stations.
Meanwhile, as a result of recon-
mendation by the former Superintend-
ent of Schools, DR.. Corning, the Board
of Education has approved compro-
mise educational plan that makes use
of commercial TV. At present short
hand course is being broadcast over
WTOP. Eventually it is planned to have
programs StreSSing science and other
important subjects, with cooperation of
the television industry. TV will never
replace the teacher in the classroom, OF
course, but it can render teachers con-
structive assistance. If Washington is
unable to support an ETY. station, school
and college authorities ought to take full
advantage of the offers of the TV in
dustry to cooperate through programs
broadcast over regular stations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-06
Riqht-to-Work Law

I challenge the contention
of your special writer, AL
Toffler. that the fight for
right to work" legislation is
a struggle between business
and labor" This is. of course,
the position taken by the
union bosses who would have
the public believe that
right to work" laws are
being conspired by big BUSH
ness interests to destroy
labor unions.
All right to work" laws
now on the statute books of
the various States provide
merely that as a condition of
employment a worker must
have the right but must not
be compelled to Join a labor
union. Basically. this is a
fight of the common worker
against compulsory and mo-
nopolistic unionism. If the
Chamber of Commerce and
the National Association of
Manufacturers are Assist
ing the working man ssthis
fight. / prefer to belief 1t Il
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-06
LETTERS TO THE STAR
.ASaN0b@ SAe

stress q wide open door
policy for musical culture in
our country, from Russia,
and to the Soviet from our
shores? Perhaps with a song
in our hearts and in theirs,
we might find that ray Of
light that would lead the
peoples of the world out of
the dark caverns of their
present hatreds. From this,
perhaps. would grow other
areas of agreement. and
where we do not agree, per-
haps we might learn to
agree to disagree. I suggest
the adoption of an inter-
national campaign song,
You've got to accentuate
the positive!"
Jessie B. Solomon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-06
Music Hath Charms

In contemplating posi-
bilities for peaceful CO.
existence in this world of
divided political ideologies,
1 believe that insufficient
efforts are being directed in
a most important area. 1t
seems that while we pro-
claim Americas desire to
fight for peace" the head
lines continue to stress all
the negative aspects OF d.
verse ideologies that are
irreconcilable.
For example, the recent
performance Of Van Cliburn
and the visiting Philadelphia
Orchestra in the USSR re-
ceived acclaim from the
Russians. The young Texas
pianist recently won the
Tchaikowsky International
Piano competition in Mos
COW. In a statement made
to Robert w. Bowling. chair
man of the American Ma
tional Theater Academy.
Soviet Premier Khrushchev
said that the warm per-
sonality of Clibnrn had lab
solutely captivated the So
Wet people" and that the
performance of the Amer
lean Symphony had drawn
the United States and the
Soviet Union closer together
Why not take that as our
cue? In every given situa-
ton, one can find points of
agreement. as well as dis
agreement. Perhaps the
field Of cultural entertain
ment offers a common meet
ing ground from which point
people could begin getting
better acquainted. Why moi
spread out our American
''togetherness" to wider
horizons, on wings Of song
singing together. dancing TO-
gether? Why not permit an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-06
Alien Property

Over two years ago the
President said he wanted us
to get out of the alien prop
erty business. He has en-
phasized this again and again.
Several efforts have been
made to get some legislation
along this line out Of Con-
gress. Everything is side
tracked or dies in committee.
Private bills to reimburse the
little fellow cannot be con-
sidered because of prece-
dent" After Is years, the
small claimant is still hoping
Off ne is aliyel for the return
of his bit.
Col. NaSser took less than
two years to begin paying NJ
the owners of the Suez CsSI.
Y. POmeroy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-06
Deadlock BREAKING?

Judging from Premier Khrushchev'S
latest note to President Eisenhower, So
Wet, American and other technical ex-
pertS should be able to convene within Z
the next two or three weeks to study
ways and means of policing ban on
nuclear testing. This is an encouraging
prospect At very least, it suggests that
some progress may at last be made
toward breaking the long-standing and
potentially very dangerous disarmament
deadlock
When first proposed by the Presi-
dent, the idea for a technical study was
brushed aside by the Kremlin as some
thing advanced in bad faith merely to
enable the United States and Britain to
delay action on the Soviet Unions call
for an immediate SuSpension-without
any prior arrangements for supervision
of all experimental atomic-hydrogen
detonationS. But later, though rather
grudgingly, Mr. Khrushchev conceded
that there was some virtue in Mr. Essen
hower's point of view, and he has now
affirmed his readiness to have Russian
experts meet with ours and others be-
fore the month ends.
Mr.. Eisenhower has suggested that
the meeting be held in Geneva, Switzer-
land Mr. KhruShchev, for his own part,
while finding such site suitable" has
declared that he would prefer to have
the project staged in Moscow. But this
appears to be minor difference of view,
and it should occasion no great haggling.
AS for the makeup of the conference,
the Soviet Premier would have it in
clude experts not only from the USSR
and the United States, but also from
Britain, France, Poland, Czechoslovakia,
and possibly few other countries on
both sides of the Iron Curtain, including
India. Here again his view seems to be
pretty much in line with the Presidents,
and so there is likely to be little or no
argument about it.
One other point of difference has to
do with the time to be spent at the pro-
iected meeting. The President has pro-
posed that the experts make "an initial
progress report within 80 days aftef
converting and to aim at a final report
within so days" Mr. KhruShchev, how
ever, has urged that they complete their
job in three or four weeks. Considering
the complexities involved in establishing
effective policing for a testing ban, this
seems to be asking that too much be
done too soon. Still, the matter ought
to lend itself readily enough to mu-
tually satisfactory compromise.
So 1t is not surprising that both
Secretary Dulles and the President feel
reasonably optimistic" about getting
the technical study started in the very
near future. Such study, of course,
even if all the experts work together
and agree in truly scientific way, and
even if the Kremlin accepts the controls
they may recommend, will mark but
the beginning of what must be done if
there is ever to be real disarmament.
Yet it can be an exceedingly important
beginning-one capable of teaching the
world how to move, slowly but surely,
toward trustworthy peace.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-06
Teachers Pay

An interesting and effec-
tive pattern of lowering
teachers salaries has been
adopted in the Washington
area in recent months. The
latest to accept this method
is the District School Board,
upon the recommendation of
the new superintendent.
This subtle method is to
increase the length of the
school year while. at the same
time, refusing to pay the
teachers for the days that
are added.
1t seems to be the general
impression that teachers have
a vacation" with pay when
the school year is over. While
payments to teachers in this
area are spread over twelve
payments. the teaching con-
tract is written for a certain
number of days in a school
year
During the summer, teach
ers are simply unemployed
people; they are not ION vaca-
ton" This is more apparent
in the Midwest where the
teacher receives the last pay
ment of his contract on the
last day of school, and then
is unemployed during the
summer or finds a summer
job.
AS an example. take a
teacher who signed a con-
tract for 1888 that called
for $4,000 for a l80-day
school year. If the 1958-59
school year is extended five
days, the new contract will
call for $4,000 for a 185-day
school year. 1t doesn't take
one who is accidentally
talented" to readily observe
that the teachers salary
either is being cut per day or
that he is being told to work
five days for nothing.
With the 1888 school
year running to June 10, 1859,
it should be an easy matter to
extend the l959-60 year to
June 26 (as the superintend-
ent wanted to do this year, i,
and the 1960-61 school year
to the Fourth of July.
Soon the teacher who
signed a 1878 contract for
$4,000 for a 185-day school
year will receive a contract
of $4,000 for a 220-day school
year. 1t is a most effective
method to lower the salary of
teachers. 1t is so quiet and
so casual.
This does not take into
consideration the fact that
the teachers will lose the in
come from a summer job or
be unable to go to summer
school. Even in 1859. the
school year will extend be-
yond the opening of summer
school in virtually all colleges
and universities. (The teach
er probably could go if he
paid for the substitute
The majority of school
boards and school admins
traitors have no interest ir
the daily life of the teacher
DNJ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-06
Battle for Minds

Vice President Nixon be-
lieves an exchange of art and
sports with Latin and South
America will strengthen our
ties with our neighbors and
one time friends. AS a
Nation predominantly reli-
gious, we believe in the
brotherhood of man, the need
for brotherly love-not only
for ourselves but for our
neighbors in South America
and all over the world, as
demonstrated in our League
of Nations attempt after
World War I and many other
policies, costly in time and
assistance, since.
That the Stoning of our
Vice President by students on
his recent tour was Com
muniSt inspired was stated
in news accounts.
Would it not be a good idea
to examine the Communist
students reason for Stoning
our Vice President? Perhaps
they have been led to believe
by relentless and voluminous
propaganda from Russia that
any free or capitalistic nation
does not fit into the Com
munist pattern to control the
world.
Would an exchange of art
and sports have aided Hun
gary or China or Korea ten
years ago? Or India or Indo-
China five years ago? I have
an idea that the mass Of
propaganda from Russia,
reaching every place on the
globe, offering an ideal state
and idealistic theories to
control the world through
scientific planning. has far
more weight with students in
South America, China, or
even in our own country,
than an exchange of art and
sports. When the mind of a
nation is seething with revo-
lutionary theories, fed by
daily shiploads of propaganda
and thousands of dedicated
comrades, then art will not
blossom. Neither will it divert
a movement that within 80
years has enslaved more than
half the world.
First we need to educate
ourselves and then develop a
method that scientifically
bats the Communist
scientific approach to- the
mind of the world.
Mary Louise Long.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-06
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES {. TRACEWELL

Its parents were there in
the yard somewhere, but
they were not averse to let
ting some other bird feed
their young.
In fact, that is part of their
strategy, engineered in the
first place by the baby it
self because it is so hungry.
The startling child evident
ly sees little difference be-
tween mothers, just so long
as a small mother will feed
it.
The parents have got to
the stage where they say, in
effect, to the starting child:
Now you have had
enough. Run along and
watch the pretty grass"
The baby startling has
other ideas. mostly con-
cerned with food. 1t waddles
through the grass, and in so
doing goes up to any other
bird it sees.
Perhaps 1t has a way Of
its own of picking out kindly
birds of other species. Maybe
all birds will help other birds
out in the great task Of
feeding.
Anyway, the startling baby
soon finds a helping bill, and
sticks right along with the
song sparrow or other foster
parent.
$50
Common sparrows often
take over the task Of feeding
startling babies.
We have seen them do this
for minutes at a time while
the big clumsy baby stands
at attention, bill open most
Of the time, demanding food
Starlings in this vicinity
have become garden resi-
dents, and a band Of a dozen
or more will take over a
neighborhood, and site K
pretty closely 10 it.
We believe they do much
good Is eating inimical forms
of insect life.
The young soon lose the
gray coloring Of babyhood,
and by late fall have become
starlings in color and habits
due in part TO the aid they
have received from other
species.
This certainly shows thai
other birds have no such dis
] like for starlings as is some
: times evinced by human
watchers.
We believe that there is {
Aneed to evaluate startling
! fairly. and to stop the inces.
SAINT shipping at them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-06
Amazed by Warren

IA bOAAbA WV oAhAA w
kins decision, Supreme Court
Justice Earl Warren asked:
Who can define the mean
ing of 'un-American'?"
This is an amazing state
ment-one of many such
gems in that very question
able opinion. If Justice War
rem is unable to define "un-
American, how can he de-
fine American? Certainly the
chief of our judicial system
supposedly interpreting the
law of the land should-if
anyone can-be able to de-
fine American. 1t would seem
that if he is unable to do so,
as he admits, he has auto
matically disqualified him
self. 1t is understandable why
Justice Warren cannot de-
fine un-American. Such diff
ficulty would be natural if
one were hazy about the term
American. But if one knew
precisely what American en-
comprised, then it would be
elementary to be able to
identify that which is I'M
American. If you know what
something is, you know what
it is not.
What hope is there for
America if our Chief Justice
is unable to identify or de-
fine what he himself is sup
posed to be? One is either
American or un-American.
If you can't distinguish be-
tween the two categories, you
become involved in intel
lectual anarchy and universal
skepticism. Perhaps that is
what we got in the Watkins
decision.
Another Warren gem goes
like this: What is that sin
gle. solitary principle of the
form of government as guar
anteed by our CONSTITUTIONS"
Here again, Justice Warren
gives admission to being not
capable of defining the most
fundamental aspect of Amer
lean government. This the
very job of Justice Warren
and his court-to define pre-
cisely the character of gov
eminent as licensed by our
Constitution. The Constitu-
ton is the reservoir of all
governmental power. 1t is the
courts job to see that every
governmental action spring;
forth from that reservoir oil
power. and not from the i'm
agination of some modern
day opportunists who try tt
read fine print where there i,
none.
It is strange how Justice
Warren criticiZes the resolu.
ton authorizing the HOUSE
Un-American Activities Com.
mittee as being too vague yet
in this statement quoted
above he is saying that thu
Constitution is so vague tina
it is impossible for him Il
define that single, solitar!
principle of the form of gov
eminent as guaranteed b.
our Constitution" Appar
emily everything is too vagu
for the Chief Justice.
This criticism of Justic,
Warren's decision is mild
however compared to the dis
Senting opinion written b,
Justice Tom Clark. Justic
Clark fatty accuses the ma
jority of substituting 9Th
judiciary as the grand in
quisitor and supervisor O
congressional investigations.
Said Justice Clark: 1T ha
never been So"
Jim Flanagan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-06

An elQGIly. Wtllbc-ilhlICu
gentleman with a high. broad
forehead fumbles with some
glass tubes.
Lights are turned of. cur
tains drawn tight. A ghoStly
blue will-o'-the-wisp appears
in the blackness. The atmos-
phere is as eerie as one can
expect to experience.
A few score of the coun-
try's most eminent physiolo-
gists and medical specialists
watch.
The blue will-o'-t he-wisp
fiutters about in the black
ness. From whence has 1t
come? From the ultimate
depths of life yet penetrated
by man, explains DR.. Albert
Szent-Gyorgyi, Nobel Prize
scientist of 20 years ago. dis
coverer of Vitamin C, con-
sidered the worlds foremost
authority on the physiology
of muscle.
1t is, in a sense, a disem-
bodied spirit summoned out
of the depths by a magician's
wand. But this scene is not
in a medieval alchemist's
laboratory. 1t is in the lee
ture hall of the National In
stitutes of Health, just out
side Washington. DR.. SCENT
Gyorgyi, now at the Marine
Biological Laboratory at
Woods Hole, Mass, is ex-
planning to some of his for
mer colleagues for the first
time the present status of
experiments started while he
was a fellow of the National
Institutes two decades ago.
The objective of the 65-
year-old Hungarian scientist
is to ENTHUSIASTICALLY
not Spiritualistically-the elu-
Sive borderhne between the
two great halves of nature,
the living and the dead. He
works chiefly with muscle
which has, perhaps more than
anything else, the unique
properties of living tissue.
Man Made of "Ice"
A few months ago he said
in a report to the American
Association for the Advance
ment of Science that man
that is, living man - was
chiefly made of "ice." This
OF course, was a broad
statement, not to be taken
quite literally but very basic
in the phenomenon of the
fitting blue will-o'- the wisps
which, like a medieval ma
gician, he produced in the
total darkness, seemingly out
of thin air by waving a wand
They wouldn't have appeared
unless the molecules of liv-
ing stuff in his test tube:
hadn't been ice, or had coats
of ice.
DR.. Szent-Gyorgyi believe:
whole new domain of med.
icine for both physical anc
mental ills will be found il
the strange, semimystica
inner chamber of life who's
door he has been able to oper
a crack.
The ice which coats living
cells, he explains, is hot ice
That is, it is water, perhap
even very hot water, with tn
physical structure of solit
water-that is, ice-rathel
than of liquid water.
One difficulty with hi
conceptions approachin
the elimination of one of tn
most brilliant scientific ca
reers of this century-is tina
it's hard to start at the be
ginning.
He himself starts wit
what he calls the great dis
tinction between the Twin
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-06

Pen names may be used il
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses All
letters are subject to conden-
Sdtion.