davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-15
DAVID LAWRENCE
Supreme Court and Settled Law

decides cases on the basis Of
what is desirable" - the
philosophy that the end JUS
titles the means? There was
prophetic vision in a famous
dissent by Justice Edward D,
White of the Supreme Court,
who later became Chief JUS
tice, as he wrote:
Teach the lesson that
settled principles may be
overthrown at any time, and
confusion and turmoil must
ultimately result
IF the permanency of its
conclusions is to depend
upon the personal opinions
of those who. from time to
time. may make UP its mem
bership. 1t will inevitably be-
come a theater Of political
strife, and its action will be
without conference or consist
ency. ..
Break down this belief in
judicial continuity, and let 1t
be felt that on great consti-
tutional questions this court
is to depart from the settled
conclusions of its predeces-
sors. and to determine them
all according to the mere
opinion of those who tempo
rarity all its bench, and our
Constitution will. in my
Judgment. be bereft OF value,
and become a most danger
Gus instrument to the rights
and liberties Of the people"
That solemn warning was
given in 1895. but only last
month the same warning
came from the chief justices
Of 80 States. who adopted a
report. made after an ex-
haustive study by a COM
mittee Of chief justices of
the States. in which the re-
cent decisions of the Supreme
Court of the United States
we're severely criticized. par
ticularly in the expansion Of
the 14th Amendment. The
report, approved by the chief
justices of three quarters Of
the States of the Union. said:
IF reasonable certainty
and stability do not attach to
a written Constitution. is it
q constitution or is 1t a
sham?
These frequent differen-
ces and occasional overrul-
ings Of prior decisions in
constitutional cases cause US
grave concern as to whether
individual views as to what
is wise or desirable do not
unconsciously override a
more dispassionate consider
alton of what is or is not
constitutionally warranted"
Reproduction rights reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-15

result was ito leave the
Communist aggressors there
holding a dagger over free
world interests "a dagger
whose poised presence the
administration no longer
denies. But this, too, was
offered as a victory for Mr..
Dulles diplomacy.
The change in tone here
and its Importance could
hardly be overstated-seems
to have begun in the most
recent crisis in the Middle
East. There the President
stepped in with a boldness
and decisiveness unexampled
for him in sending the Ma
rines and paratroopers to
Lebanon.
Now, as in his address to
the country last week, he is
talking in a way that his
administration was never
quite willing to talk before.
He is saying that while he
will not fight for the little
offshore islands - Quemoy
and so on-as such, he win
certainly fight for them if
the Chinese Communists as
sault them as way stations
to larger aggressions.i
He could have taken the
easy and popular evasion
that the little islands were
in any case meaningless. And
the temptation to do that
was great in light of the sim
lister rise in the belligerence
of Communist China in asso-
citation with the Soviet Union.
Moreover, and this is the
key to the whole point, the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-15
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Little Rock Central High wins Its 34th straight football
game Almost anybody close school these days but
power earth can close stadium
Eisenhower appeals to Khrushchev in the Far East crisis
between the United States and Russia the only side with
than Chnamans chance Of winning are Chinese
Debbie Reynolds husband Eddie Fisher, must be
ing himself for President Every day he delivers state
of-the-union message
Republicans dispatch truth squad" to Omaha where
the Democrats met The squad needs only four to tell
the truth. That's enough versions OF 1t for one city.
In towns this semester the only high school student
bodies the being carried of the football field
Question box. Q.-why do the Democrats always want
to spend so much money? Aft Democrat, would
you leave 1t for the Republicans to spend?
Dixie Democratic candidate: I'm campaigning like mad
against 10 opponents Friend TEMP? Candidate yeah
One Republican-and nine members Of the Supreme Court
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-15
WILLIAM S. WHITE
New Condor in the White House

President obviously has rec
ognized that what he is
doing is not popular even in
this country---but only nee
esSary in a responsible leader.
This new kind of new look
is even more evident in Sec
rotary Dulles. Mr.. Dulles
has publicly faced up to two
harsh realities-and what
ever his actions of the past
he has faced up to them like
a man.
One of these realities is
that our allies are absolutely
out of step with us in our Far
East policy and will not 60
along with US if we get into
serious trouble out there. The
second truth Mr.. Dulles Is
now acknowledging without
shelter behind legalisms must.
have been hardest Of all to
accept in an administration
that has so persistently relied
on public relations tech
niques. .
This reality is that a for
eign policy in this world and
in these times cannot be run
on any Gallup Poll. postcard
principle of asking the public
to send in the answers as to
what really ought to be done.
In a word. the Madison ave-
nue. approach-the advertis-
ing technique which made
peril look like security and
losses look like gains-has
gone from the conduct Of our
foreign policy. And not a mo-
ment too soon. For it seems
clear that the administration
is way out ahead Of the pub
lie in the Formosa Strait. and
only plain. tough, candid talk
will put right that situation.
Many-this correspondent,
for one-have repeatedly pro-
tested the lack of candor in
the administration. Perhaps
, they ought now in fairness
acknowledge that Mr.. Eisen-
hover and Mr.. Dulles are
looking steadfastly down the
gun barrel into the bright
face of danger and running
our affairs abroad without
resort to any soft-sell or soft
soap.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-15
BY L. EDGAR PRINA
Star stan Writer

The United States and sew
eral of its NATO partners,
pushing hard to meet the
tremendous Soviet undersea
threat. have agreed to establish
new anti-submarine warfare
center at La Spezia. Italy.
The purpose of the organiza-
ton is to facilitate the ex-
change of information, to gen.
crate new ideas on how to COM
bat the menace Of the 500-boat
Russian submarine feet and to
decide what nation or nations
shall pursue particular break
through possibilities dealing
with detection and destruction
problems.
Admiral Jerauld Wrig h t,
NATOs' Supreme Commander
Atlantic, will have overall re-
sponsibility for the center at La
Spezia, which lies halfway be-
tween Genoa and Leghorn and
is the site Of the Italian Nays
technical headquarters.
Civilians Included
\ Capt. Kenneth Gentry. now
on duty at the Pentagon in the
Office of the Chief of Naval
Operations. is slated to be
designaed as director. A British
officer probably will be named
deputy director. The staff is
expected to include civilian
scientists as well as naval off,
GERS.
In addition to American
British and italian represen-
tsEyes. personnel from France
III
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-15
BROWN
Situation in Jordan Is UnreIieved
While Nusser Marks Time in Egypt

II a formal report had TO be
issued at this time on the
success or failure of Dag
Hammarskjold's mission of
peace to the Middle East, 1t
would have to admit complete
failure.
The United Nations Sec
retary-General has wisely
maintained his usual policy
of silence on the intricate
dealings he is having with the
Arab leaders. But enough is
known. from Jordanian. Iraqi.
and Egyptian sources, to
make a strong surmise that,
SO far, his efforts have gotten
nowhere.
What the Middle East mis-
sion of the great persuader
has done so far is to preserve
a tenuous peace in the area.
While the talks go on. the
United Arab Republics die
tator Canal Abdel Nasser
has been temporarily blocked
in his ambitious drive to take
over pan-Arabism as his per-
sonal property. He is, in a
sense, marking time, because
there are not the slightest in
dications that he has changed
his aims or his aggressive
policies.
The Jordan situation. most
precarious of all In the Mid
die East. is not one whit
relieved British paratroopers
still support the shaky gov
eminent of young King Hus-
sein, and the Jordanians
make no bones about admit
ting, at least privately, that
the departure of the British
will probably mean the end
of Hussein. 1t is to this end
the maintenance of sta
bility in Jordan-that Mr..
Hammarskjold has been
devoting most Of his efforts.
But the able Secretary
General was unable indeed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-15
President and Dulles Praised for Shift
From Soft-SeH Approach to Realities

One of the most significant
changes in Washington at
mosphere since Dwight d. Eli
senhowerv came to power in
1858 is now unfolding.
Both the President and
Secretary of State Dulles are
speaking in increasingly can
did terms of the enormous
world problems that so long
have confronted US. And if
candor is the beginning Of
wisdom, then this admins
tration's foreign policy is
becoming far more nearly
wise, however sticky the sit
uation in the Far East may
be or may become.
For five and a half years
the President and Mr.. Dull
les had addressed this coun-
try and the world in largely
soothing terms. Their settle
ment of the Korean war gave
the Communists an en-
trenched position along our
security line in the Western
Pacific.
But to that part of public
opinion which was more in
terested in any peace than in
power, the administration
presented the Korean ar
rangement as a triumph for
peace. And to that public
opinion which believes peace
can only follow power, the
administration represented its
partial surrender as a tough
and practical conclusion.
In Indo- China we took
up a confused, ambiguous
position, half of involvement
and half of aloofness. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-15
Wisdom Doubted of Altering Principles
Long Established by Predecessors


sessions OF the State legisla-
lures, ratification" Of the
l4th Amendment was COM
PEELED.
In case after case the
Supreme Court of the United
States has always evaded the
issue Of whether the 14th
Amendment was constitu-
tionally ratified" and has
said that this is a political
question" and not within its
power to resolve.
Many people are saying
that all this happened long
ago and that it isn't feasible
TO turn the clock back now.
The present Supreme Court,
however, in its 1854 decision,
did turn the clock back
So years and nullif1ed the
settled law" of the land on
the question Of equal but
separate" facilities which had
been upheld by some of the
most eminent men who ever
sat on the high court. includ-
ing its greatest liberals.
What is Settled law?
Abraham Lincoln defined it
as something that has been
initially decided by the SUI
preme Court when the issue
was first raised. and then
affirmed and reaffirmed in
decisions for years after
wards.
Thus, 1t is settled law"
today that no State can
be compelled to appropriate
money or keep schools open
or do any Affirmative thing
Just because the Federal Gov
eminent may want to see it
done. The settled" law on
this point was proclaimed in
a decision known as Hopkins
VS.. Clemson College, decided
in 1911, when Justice Lamar
wrote in behalf of the court:
mo suit, therefore. can be
maintained against a public
officer which seeks to COM
pei him to exercise the States
power of taxation; or to pay
out its money in his possess
sion on the States obliga-
tions: or to execute a con-
tract, or to do any affirmative
act which affects the States
political or property rights"
But will this be accepted as
Settled law" by the present
Supreme Court of the United
States in the Arkansas and
Virginia cases? Can anything
be considered settled" when
the highest court departs
from legal precedents and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-15
BROWN
HommorskjoId Mission a Failure

ments seem to be gaining. al
though important key figures
in the government are OPP
posing closer ties to the JAR.
These opponents. remember
ing what has happened to
other Arab leaders who have
crossed Nasser's ambitions,
will do well to guard them
selves closely. AS a result Of
this necessary caution. the
effectiveness of the oppose
ton to NasSer Is greatly
weakened.
Lebanon may achieve
some tranquility at last
after the army chief, Gen.
Fouad Chehab. takes over
the Presidency from Camille
Glamour later this month.
Gen Chehab has already
publicly backed the pro-
Western foreign minister,
Charles Malik, and indicated
he will keep DR.. Malik in
Office. where his voice has
been a powerful one for the
West against Communist in
fluences.
The Arab-sponsored reso-~
luton approved by the U.N.
General Assembly that dis
patched Mr.. Hammarskjold
to the Middle East now be-
gins to emerge as a very
clever manuever by Nasser
and Fawzi. While it COM
mitted the JAR to nothing, +
1t brought Nasser needed time
for regrouping his forces and
raised bright but false hopes,
that the Arabs themselves
would take the initiative in
stabilizing their violence
torn backyards. (
This the Arabs will do, :
perhaps, but only Nasser's
plans are to be followed. )
Unfortunately, there are
still many Arabs who dis
like such a Sterilization" Z
which would put the lambs
inside the wolves. I:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-15

The State of Arkansas has
not "def1ed" tho Supreme
Court Of the United States by
closing the high schools in
Little Rock. Nor has the
State of Virginia committed
any act Of defiance" by'
closing schools.
The Federal Government
has not "defied' the States Of
Arkansas and Virginia by
supporting plans that seek
through the courts a means
Of reopening the public
schools.
Each is acting within its
own constitutional orbit. The
exercise Of legal rights to
contest the validity Of State
or Federal action is not
defiance"
The Federal Constitution
itself permits these legal
procedures. ~
1t is enormously being
preached that there is only
a moral question" involved
and that the States of the
South are disregarding 1t
when they contest by legal
means the orders of a Fed
eral court requiring ''in-
tegration" In the public
schools AS for moral
questlons," unfortunately
the North has forgotten, but
the South hasn't that the
very l4th Amendment on
which the present Supreme
Court is basing its rulings
was born in immortality and
ratified" in immortality.
Although Abraham Lincoln
had always held that the
Southern States had never
been out of the Union. Con-
gress-after his death and
three years after the War
Between the States was over
insisted that the Southern
States be excluded from rep
resentation in the House and
Senate. So when the 14th
Amendment was voted on,
there. was no representation
in either House from many
States in the Union.
Also, when the State legis-
1atures in the South-subse-
quent to the war-ratifled
the 18th Amendment abolish
ing slavery but rejected the
14th Amendment, as they
had a right to do, Congress
caused the legislatures to be
elected with most white voters
excluded. and then, with
Federal military commanders
sitting alongside the presid-
ing officers in the legislative
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-15

in Cairo, In the face Of STALL
ing operations performed
adroitly by Col. Nasser and
his shrewd foreign mibisrer.
Mahmoud Fawzi, to secure
even a hope that Egypt KEY
stone of the UAR. would
cooperate in insuring sta
bility by promising no fur
ther subversion in Jordan.
Jordan's future. geographic
cally and economically.
belongs with that OF Israel.
The two nations have every
thing in common except the
one thing that will probably
forever prevent their CO. OPP
Grating - the Jewish Arab
blood feud. Until that is set
tled-a matter perhaps OF
centuries-there can be no
Joint river projects or eco
nomic steps so vital to the
development of both Israel
and Jordan. Col. Nasse, is Of
course very determined that
such cooperation never come
to pass unless it is done in
an Arab empire controlled
by himself.
The participation of the
Arab League in the efforts be-
ing made to bring stability to
the seething Middle East can
be Of very little help in the
present status of the League.
1t is no tool of Nasser today,
principally because the Sudan,
Morocco, Tunisia and Libya
are not as yet under Nasser's
domination. But by the same
token, those nations are DOW
erless to assist measures to-
ward stability so long as
Nasser controls the rest of the
Arab world.
In Iraq the new Army-led
republican government is still
torn by internal dissension
over affiliation with Nasser's
expanding Arab empire. At
present the pro-Nasser ele-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-15
ARTHUR c. KEEPER
Cogayel

H. wINsHIP wHEATLEY, JR.
AJJoei6fs Cornell
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-15
u. S. and NATO Allies
Plan Anti-Sub Center

West Germany, Norway, Dem
mark and the Netherlands are
expected to participate.
The United States, it is un-
derstood. will contribute about
So million to help underwrite
the initial cost of setting up the
new unit. which has the formal
name of SACLant Anti-Sub-
marine Warfare Center.
McEIrOy to Visit Ships
Disclosure of the new NATO
unit comes as Defense Secre-
tary McElroy prepares to un-
derline the Pentagon's high
priority interest in American
anti-submarine defense with a
visit this week to the ships Of
the Nays recently organized
TASK Group Alpha.
Operating out of Norfolk as
a unit of the Atlantic Fleet,
Task Group Alpha is a spe-
cial force employing air, sur
face and undersea units work.
ing as a closely knit team
against submarines.
It's purpose. as part Of the
forces at Admiral Wright's dis
posal, is to help keep the vital
Iifelines to our allies open and
to combat any enemy missile
submarines which mig h I
threaten the continental Unit
ed States.
Task Group Alpha is COM
manded by Rear Admiral John
S. (Jimmyo Thach. a naval air
hero of eWorld War II, whose
flagship is the carrier Valley
Force.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-15
OFFICERS

7. HOWARD DUCKETr
Chairman Of Board and
Executive COMMITTEE
FRED L. LUTES
Vire Chairman Of Board
and ExefRHps Committee
WILLIAM BOWIE
Vice Chairman Of Board
J.RoBERT SHERWOOD
PgsJideRt
VICE PRESIDENTS
BENJAMIN c. SHAW
JOHN H. HUNTER
OLIVER METZEROTT
FREDERICK X. WILSON.
BRICE D. DUCKETT
TTezJErsr
ASSISTANT VICE PRESIDENTS
WARREN E. LAWSON
CHARLES NJ. MARSTELLER
LLOYD S. CAREY
JOSEPH T. HOWARD
GEORGE L. A. DRESSED
WILLIAM H. SMITH
CYRIL E. MARE, JR.
Comptroller
GRAHAM P. KESLER
AJJiIfaEt C0MbfroIIsr
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-15
ASSISTANT TREASURES

W. WILSON RICH
ARTHUR M. WOODSIDE
NORMAN D. MARTIN
F. IRA wHEATLEY
JOHN r. GRAFT
F. KENNETH WHITE
GEORGE o. PURCELL
LESTER ]. CRAwLEY
RICHARD L. WALKER
HARRY R. SwTTZER
EMIL E. NEIL
WILLIAM G. NORRIS
JOHN R. REINOEHL
WILLIAM r. READING
HENRY BRAUTIGAM
TED M. HUFFMAN
WAYNE M. PROCTOR
WALTER J. CLEMENTS
GARRETT d. NSCOE
EARLE L. RUSSELL
ALFRED M. SCHRDER
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-15
DIRECTORS

W. CARROLL BEATTY
Aft0rGeJ-6f-Lav
ROLAND H. BERGER
Pys5idsnf, Q. & 5. LGEHdgy
G. CARvILLE BOWEN
Lumber
WILLIAM BOWIE
Vice Chairman OF Board
JAMES A. CLANCY
G6S6ss and Service Station
]. DONALD CLAGETT
Ko0dJidf Continuation Co.
T. HOWARD DUCKETT
Chairman Of Board and
ExerRfipe COMMITTEE,
dfiorNsJ-dt-L4w
SAM EIG
fHPtJtmentJ
WRIT A. GILL
Retired
JOHN H. HUNTER
df1eEHErSt iMpffSseHft, kstfre6
THADDEUs M. JONES
Retired
ARTHUR c. KEEPER
sfftorhsy-at-LAw
FRED L. LUTES
Vice Chairman Of Board
and Executive COMMITTEE
HARRY MARTENS, JR.
Pref, Imperial IaJRrsnes COMPANY
WILBUR 3. MEHRING
DeRfiff
OLIVER METZEROTT
Valuation Engineer
WALDO B. MOVERS
PbJJiefSS
NICHOLAS oREM. JR.
AttorHsJ-af.Law
HERBERT w. REICHELT
PreJideHf,
Prince GeofgsI County
CommiJJioHsrS
WILLIAM H. REYNOLDS
Pref, Amerie11 IE5fSRmesf Co.
JOSEPH RICHARDS, JR.
Vics PssJo Columbia Specially Co.
c. BAILEY SCRIMGEOUR
fggsJfmsGiJ
]. ROBERT SHERWOOD
PrsJi9tHf
THOMAS B. sYMONS
UsiptrJify Of MARYLAND, Retired
WILLIAM 3. WHEELER
dttoyBsJ-Gf.LsV
WILLIAM NJ. WRIGHT
JsVtley
The Nome nugget., 1958-06-09
U. s. Orders
 Soviet Diplomat ToLeave Country

WASHINGTON, LR - The Uni ted States Saturday ordered the custer of a Soviet diplomat for paying hundreds of dollars to an American in an effort to buy secret military documents and Army manuals.
 Officials said the diplomat failed to get the secret papers but did obtain some Army man. uals which had never been se- cret. The American was not i'm mediately named but the Penta- gon said he was not member of the military or a civilian em- ployee of the Armed Forces.
 The State Department, announ- cing the action, identified the Russian as Nikolai I. Kurochkin, a third secretary of the Soviet embassy It said the embassy had been told to get him out of the United States immediately because he is "personna non grata" (personally unwelcome).
 Officials said Kurochkin had paid at least $450 to the un- identified U. s. citizen.
 It is customary and entirely legal for military representatives of foreign embassies to buy non secret manuals from the U. s. Armed Services. The embassies buy the manuals at the usual government printing office price.
 The United States moved against Kurochkin about three weeks after the Russians busted from Moscow a U. s. embassy second secretary, John A. Baker Jr., of Westport, Conn.
 Baker, a 3O-year-old second secretary of the U. s. embassy in Moscow was expelled after So- viet officials charged that he systematically viola te d the norms behavior for diplomatic representatives" Tn e Unit e d States protested that this was not true.
The Nome nugget., 1958-06-09
Issuance Of Liquor Licenses Ban Close To Permanent Colleges

JUNEAU, LR - Alaska law prohibits licensing of new liquor dispensaries within two miles of any permanent community col leges, Atty. Gen. J. Gerald Will liams' office has concluded.
 An opinion to this effect was given John A. Mckinney, Liquor Control Board Secretary, who in quired whether community col leges came under the 1857 law banning issuance of liquor licenses within two miles of "any college or university"
 The opinion. by David J. Pree, assistant attorney general, said they debut only such com munity colleges as "are located with reasonable permanency."
 And it quoted Dr. Dorothy No vatney, director of the Juneau Community College, as saying none of the colleges of that class in Alaska have a permanent To- cation at this time.
 In Juneau and Anchorage community college classes are held in high schools; at Ketchi- kan they are scattered in differ ent locations. Such temporary quarters, the opinion said, would not come under the two-mile law.
 But if and when community col leges are located permanently, Pree said, the legislative intent seems clear. "The intent" he added, must have been a de- sire to protect the young people in attendance from exposure to demoralizing circumstances which. by the authority of common knowledge, seem incident to the traffic in intoxicating liquor.''
The Nome nugget., 1958-06-09
Jack Muller Completes Naval Recruit Training

SAN DIEGO, Calif., = Jack F. Muller, son of Mrs. May Mul- Ter of Nome, graduated from re- cruit training May 23 at the Naval Training Center, San Diego, Calf.
 The graduation exercises, mark ing the end of nine weeks of "boot camp, included a full dress parade and review before military officials and civilian dig nitaries.
 In nine weeks of instruction, the "raw recruit" is developed into a Navy Bluejacket, ready for duty with the fleet.
The Nome nugget., 1958-06-09
Bartlett Speaks At Daughters Graduation

WASHINGTON, R - Delegate E. L. Bob) Bartlett O-Alaskal told a group of graduating stu dents Friday he hopes Alaska also will soon receive it's diploma. Referrir the territory's bid 4 -' e said:
 ska has been in
 and has passed
 examination. pha.. at graduation
 Mart School MAIN 46 r, Sue, was