davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-19

to lead the loyalty oath
struggle in the 1852 conven-
ton and because 1t disliked
his close association with
Walter Reuther, controversial
head Of the auto m o bile
workers union.
The South's able politi-
clans perhaps also sense in
him a quality Of ruthlessness
akin to their own. He at
tackled the 1856 campaign Of
Adlai Stevenson as fatally
moderate and early predicted
Mr.. Stevenson's defeat. Gov.
Williams would give the 1860
campaign a civil rights issue
with the bark of.
His candidacy will offer the
party a test of its professedly
liberal principles in a way
that the essential moderation
Of Mr.. Stevenson as a per-
son and the compromises Of
some of its leaders twice
managed to evade.
He has come a long way
from the sophomore loyalty
oath operation Of 1852. In
fact. his preconvention STRAIT
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-19
IN9T ANYTIME bKOWN ~
Israel and Non-Exponsionism

it any longer on behalf Of
their brethren here.
This reporter is not in q
position to know whether the
Jerusalem government may
still harbor unrealistic dreams
of expansion. But he Is con-
WINGED that the military and
the others who are directly
responsible for this country's
security do not want more
territory containing Arabs. AS
it is, these men feel that the
100000 Arabs (inclusive Of
some $4,000 Christian Arabs
and about $4,000 Druses) con-
stitute a security threat to
the country. It is this group
which lives in its own areas
that vote so consistently
Communist that they now
send six Communist repre-
sentatives to the Knesset
Qsraeh Parliament). OF
these, three claim to be pure
Marxist doctrinaires and only
the balance is still loyal to
Russia's "anti-imperialist
policies"
The Moslem Arabs are not
allowed to serve in the armed
forces. The Christian Arabs
can volunteer, as can the
Druses. But despite the ap.
parent resignation Of all Of
them to accept the state Of
Israel where they live. there
is no doubt where their al
legiance would be in the
event Of war between Israel
and It's neighbors.
Realistic leaders here say
It would not serve their pur-
pose to try to expand at the
expense Of their neighbors
when such an expansion is
certain to produce only new
headaches for q country
which has more than its
share.
And this reporter has
found nobody inside or OUT
side the government who
would be willing to solve the
question Of the 100000 Arab
refugees from Israel by per.
hitting them to return here.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-19
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Leaders Assert Agricultural Science
Makes New Territory Unnecessary

TEL AvIv, Israel (By Air
mail) When I pointed out
to Israeli officials and others
that the aggressive attitude
Of the Arabs Is based on what
they feel Is their need for
self defense against Israeli
expansionist ideas to make
room for thousands Of Jews
from North Africa and other
areas. the response was that
such a policy has been given
up-if it ever existed.
There may be hundreds of
thousands Of Jews behind
the Iron Curtain and in
Morocco. Algeria (if the
French withdraw and Tu-
nisia who banker for the
new promised land. But there
can be room for all the i'm
migrants as well as the nat
ural growth Of population.
It is true that Israel has
only 5000 square miles. The
Negeb desert represents SIS
per cent of the area. But
there are close to two mil
lion people living here in rel
atiye comfort. Every inch Of
tillable land is scientifically
developed and new industries
capable Of providing an eco
nonic living for this country
spring up every day, thanks
to the influx Of capital from
the West Especially from the
United States).
Technical know-how exists
here in a greater compare
tive measure than in the
West. There are thousands
Of skilled engineers, chemists,
ETC.. who could have won
fame and fortune in Amer
lea or Britain. But they pre-
fer to offer their talents to
build up this new Jewish re-
public. There is no reason to
believe. this reporter was
told, that minds which helped
smash the atom and contrib
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-19
BY WILLIAM McCHEsNEY
MARTIN, j.
Chairman. Board Of Governors,
FederaI Reserve System

FEDERAL Reserve system
= What is troubling our econ
omy now Is some after-effects
of imitation.
: It is highly regrettable that
we should have been brought
to this pass, but it would be
sfruitlesS at this point to be-
9labor the subject Of what we
might have done in the past
ito better the present.
q The important thing now is
to deal sanely with today's
problems today - and to re-
member firmly that when the
next economic turn comes. as
assuredly it will, the best way
to fight deflation is to fight the
imitation that leads to it.
In coping with today's prob
.lems. it is essential that we
recognize that prosperity is not
brought about merely by more
and more spending. Prosperity
can come only from more eff
cient production and distribu-
ton Of goods and services at
;. prices that people are able
and willing to pay.
n vital as it is to achieve
recovery, it is even more vital
to insure that it will be a
recovery that lasts-a recov-
oaery that does not merely pro-
wide jobs, but lasting jobs.
as Hence, the task before us is
arnot that of finding artificial
stimulants that will bring
: prosperity for one day and a
1Scollapse the next. but a task
of laying the basis for a
sound prosperity that will
.1endure.
g The Federal Reserve Sys-
ITEM is bending its efforts to-
day to fostering credit con-
ditions that will contribute to
recovery and the maximum
sfsustainable growth of our
economy. as 1t was earlier
= when 1t was endeavoring to
y combat the infiationary foun-
tainhead of today's troubles.
In recent months, the Fed
o. eral Reserve, using every one
Of the powers it possesses
= over discount rates. reserve
requirements, margin require
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-19
william Nc c. Marlin Substituting for Stokes
The Slump and Federal Spending

reached q new high in
January.
How soon recession is
checked and recovery is
resumed win be influenced
by the rapidity with which
economic corrections and
adaptations are made in
factors beyond the province
Of Federal Reserve policy
that Is to say. in business
pricing policies, selling prac-
tees and productive EN-
cheney; in wage bargaining;
in various financing arrange
inents. and in the incen-
tives to consumers to buy.
In the past, price reduc-
tons during periods of con-
traction served to stimulate
increased buying and output
and thus to contribute to
general recovery and expan-
sion. Undoubtedly. lower
prices now would prove to
have expansive benefits for
economic activity generally.
We all share the hope that
the recession will be moder-
ate and short-lived, but it is
not possible to be completely
certain about the future
course Of economic activity.
There is a range of views
currently held regarding the
duration and extent of this
recession, and of the timing
and vigor Of the ensuing re-
covery.
In my own view the under
lying strengths Of the econ
omy are many. The inf1a-
tionary trends seem to have
halted before creating mall
adjustments Of such severity
as to lead to a protracted
period Of liquidation and
structural re alig n m e mt in
the economy. If needed re-
adjustments are promptly
made, the current recession
may be moderate and short
lived. and healthy revival
should set in, progressing to
new records Of economic per-
Torrance and new high levels
Of national well-being.
But let us not be misled
into vain hope this will come
about without effort on the
part Of all Of us, for much
depends upon the speed with
which needed establishments
are made.
(copyright, 1868. by
United Features Syndicate. Incl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-19
DAVID LAWRENCE

Y Latest figures from the
. u. s. Department Of Labor
= show that this isn't q ma
tional recession. but that 1t is
! o local recession. For the vast
majority Of the labor areas Of
! the country are operating
: under normal conditions and
4 reveal relatively little un-
employment.
Thus. for example. 149
major areas are surveyed
= every second month by the
g Department Of Labor. and Of
I these Is now are listed as
having unemployment Of 6
a per cent or more. A year ago
: there were 10 areas in that
' category.
i In addition. there are SO
smaller areas at present-with
1.6 per cent or more unem-
. ployed, as contrasted with 81
!. Of the same type a year ago.
What this means is that
! substantial unemployment
: can be localized on the map.
1t is not Nationwide in the
Z sense that 1t is affecting
:. every city and town in the
country. It is prevalent only
IN specific sections and par
y ticular industries.
I While there are one or more
s unemployment areas in 81
! different States, this is q nor
i NAL situation in the sense
= that. with rare exceptions,
since the close Of World War
II unemployment areas have
dotted the Nation every year.
,, even when business and EN-
: ployment in other parts Of
{ the country have been de-
} scribed as booming and UNI
e employment has been at a
) minimum.
- It is this spotty condition
2 which requires attention, and
r It will not be cured by refne-
j dies that propose to give
extra money through tax
reductions to persons who
really don't need it. A case
{ for comprehensive tax reduc-
tion--bringing down the rates
{ for corporations as well as
for individuals-can be made
on the ground that receipts
: would be increased If tax
: rates become productive and
stimulating. But the type Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-19

uted to the creation Of guided
missiles and earth satellites
cannot solve the problem Of
taking the salt out Of sea
water to be used for irriga-
ton.
When irrigation comes, IS
per cent Of the present Is
raeli territory. the Negeb
desert, will become another
Garden Of Eden where at
least another two million peo-
pie could be settled. Scien-
lists already are busy seeking
ways to deSalt the waters
Of the Red Sea for irrigation.
This is expected to be ready
within the next I'VE years.
With desert irrigation, the
IsraeliS feel there is no rea-
son why their country should
not become economically the
Switzerland Of the Middle
East"-the most advanced
agricultural and economic
state between the Mediter-
ranean and the Pacific. This
may be overoptimism and
pardonable pride. But there
is no doubt that progress
in industrial and agricultural
fields here in recent years is
spectacular not only by East
ern but by Western standards.
There is no doubt that
there was thought Of expan-
sion in the past. But after
the victory against the
Egyptians in 1856 and the
defeat at the hands Of the
United Nations forced them
to get back to their borders,
the Israelis seem to have
dropped the chip from their
shoulder. They have become
more realistic politically when
they discovered that the In
ternational Zionists and espe-
cially the zionists in the
United States have either
lost some of their political
power or do not want to use
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-19
y. S. Figures Cited to Show Joblessness
Is.Locolized and Not Hitting All Cities


tax reduction which merely is
temporary and. for example.
forgives withholding taxes
for a few weeks. isn't going to
cure the recession. 1t might
make matters worse.
It is significant that the
Department Of Labor surveys
on unemployment reveal the
heaviest layoffs to be in.
textiles, machinery and ma
chine tools, -fabricating
plants. automobile and parts
manufacturing, aircraft, rail-
road equipment. and many
related industries.
Not enough attention has
been focused on the fact that
heavy-goods industries have
been slowed down because
Americas expansion pro-
grams have been halted. It
is estimated that there may
be $40 billion Of private
spending involved in the
plans for heavy-goods expan-
sion which were laid aside in
the last two years due to
credit restraints. The need
for those projects still re-
mains. Now. with money
rates eased, the next several
months should see q revival
in the manufacturing Of
heavy goods.
It has been argued that
the automobile industry is the
key to the present recession
and that, once automobile
buying is stimulated. there
will be a revival in steel. coal.
railroad freight and a variety
Of industries now adversely
affected. But it is interest
ing to note that preliminary
surveys show that people plan
to buy a record number Of
used cars in 1868. This might
indicate that the prices Of the
new cars are just high enough
to cause hesitation by many
would-be buyers who are con-
tent for the present with
used cars.
A reduction of the excise
taxes on autos is being advo-
Gated as one way to bring
auto prices down. This un-
doubtedly would stimulate
some sales, but it would do
little good II the automobile
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-19

=
petitiouto Congress from national organisation
Of business firms, retailers, banks insurance
companies, pfilanthropic organizations, and
producers Of printing and direct mail:
While leaders in Congress and the Ad-
ministration are seriously considering tax
cut, Postmaster General Summerfield is push
ing his plan to levy $500, 100000 tax on first
class mail users with new, higher rates. Does
this make sense?
Tax-cut discussions are based on the need
to put more money in the hands of consumers,
investors, and employers. Doesn't "a boost
in postage charges (from Sc to SCI fly in the
face of this need? We think so, and we hope
Congress agrees.
Postage costs run into thousands of dol
lars monthly for countless business firms.
Many small firms must rely on the mails as a
substitute for manpower in competition with
big business This is poor time for the Gov
eminent to initiate their COSTS One unwanted
result would be a loss in tax revenue as higher
costs cut into business profits. That's "tax
cut" all right, but without benefit to the tax
payer.
Membership of the National Federation
of Independent Business, Inc, leading small
business organization, recently voted their
opposition to Mr. Summerfield's nickel stamp
proposal Officials of Retail, Wholesale and
Department Store Union District recently
told their Congressman the rate boosts in
first and third class mail would throw
third of their members out of work.
States and municipalities, already hard
pressed financially, would also suffer. For
example, the State of New York spends ST.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-19

->>-~---%--~-%
ments and open market oper-
ations-has operated to make
credit more. available and
thus cheaper.
In the credit and capital
markets, Federal Reserve ac-
tons have contributed to a
marked easing that is illus
trated most dramatically by
the very sharp drop in mar
ket rates Of interest-the
sharpest drop for any COM
parable period Of which I
have knowledge.
This adjustment in credit
and capital markets is help
ing to facilitate and cushion
other adjustments in the
economy. as well as to
strengthen demands in i'm
portant areas dependent on
credit financing. It is thus
helping to set the stage for
recovery in activity and en-
ployment as soon as other
developments contribute to
revival.
Monetary policy by itself,
however. cannot assure re-
sumption Of high-level en-
ployment and sustainable
economic growth, although
ready availability Of credit at
reasonable cost is an essential
ingredient for recovery. It
is incumbent upon business
enterprises, financial institu-
tions, and labor organiza-
tons, as well as Government
generally, to adjust policies
and programs to foster re-
covery.
We have been concerned,
for example, at the decline
in output and employment
while prices generally have
been maintained and some
prices even have risen fur
ther. Currently, it may
be noted, consumer prices
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-19
STOP The STAMP TAX!
Defeat THE s. STAMP!
T.r .g5as 'tr ~
Z, .,,s...s,.ss.4 .y. 80


100000 year for postage, SO96,sof it first
class. The nickel stamp would increase New
York's postage bill by some $1,OO0OOO! New
York citizens would have to make it up in
taxes. ssar ..y%4E .sn sa
sttsne&s, ~. &esf
Similar squeezes on local government
budgets would take place all across the coun-
try. California spends $1,9265OO year for
postage, Michigan S9O093O, Texas $878, 1879,
Florida $85O,OOO, Wisconsin $676,505, Oregon
$590,000, and so on. For New York City the
annual postage bill is $921615, for Chicago
$4,000, Philadelphia $3O7,17O, Pittsburgh
$148,205, Boston $143,318, etc.
Mr.. Summerfield's SC stamp is nothing
less than tax. This is because first class
mail under his proposal would produce rev.
enue equal to 1900 of its allOcated costs. The
extra 1920 is stamp tax-the kind of tax our
cOlOnist fOrefathers got very angry about
some 200 years ago!
Latest available figures show that first
class letter mail produces $2,8O0,000 excess
VI l0VcHuo OEc1 expenditures uIlueI ClS pres
ent &c rate. Yet Mr.. Summerfield wants to
raise this rate by 2s for non-local mail and
1s for local mail. incidentally, he himself
testified before Congressional committee
less than two years ago that "any rate differ
entail between local and non-local first-class
letter mail would be discriminatory, costly,
and extremely difficult to administer, ;.
Public confusion would be widespread.")
While the rest of the country talks about
reducing taxes, Mr.. SummerfieId talks about
raising them!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-19
Reduced Prices to Increase Public Buying
And Production Called Recovery Route

EDITORS NOTE: This Is
another in the "StGtesmen's
Series" by distinguished per-
sonages in Government, bust
ness, national affairs and the
military tpho are ,Driting guest
columns for. Thomas L.
Stokes, iCho & seriously MJ
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1958-04-17

annual salary payable at the time
this charter becomes effective
shall be Three Hundred and Sixty
Dollars (S360.00l.
20(a). The mayor shall see thai
the ordinances of the town are
faithfully executed and shall be
the chief executive officer anc
the head of the administrative
branch of the town government
OBJ The mayor, with the ap
proval of the council, shall APP
point the heads of all offices
departments, and agencies of the
town government as established
by this charter or by ordinance
All office, department, and agency
heads shall serve at the pleasure
of the mayor. All subordinate of
ficers and employees of the of
fees, departments, and agencies
of the town government shall be
appointed and removed by the
mayor, in accordance with rules
and regulations in any merit sys
tenn which may be adopted by
the council.
(c) The mayor each year shall
report to the council the condi.
ton of municipal affairs and
make such recommendations as
he deems proper for the public
good and the welfare of the town,
I'D The mayor shall have the
power to veto ordinances passed
by the council as provided in Sec.
ton Ia.
(e) The mayor shall have com
plete supervision over the finan.
cial administration of the town
government. He shall prepare or
have prepared annually a budget
and submit it to the council. He
shall supervise the administration
of the budget as adopted by the
council. He shall supervise the
disbursement of all monies and
have control over all expenditures
to assure that budget appropri.
atoms are not exceeded.
(f) The mayor shall have such
other powers and perform such
other duties as may be prescribed
by this charter OF as may be re-
quired of him by the council, not
inconsistent with this charter.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1958-04-17
Legal Advertisement

powers of the town shall be exer-
cised in the manner prescribed by
this charter, or, if the manner
be not prescribed, then in such
manner as may be prescribed by
ordinance.
%. To ensure the observance
of the ordinances of the town, the
council shall have the power to
provide that violation thereof
shall be a misdemeanor and shall
have the power to affix thereto
penalties of a fine not exceeding
one hundred dollars ($100.00) or
Imprisonment for not exceeding
thirty days, or both such fine and
Imprisonment. Any persons sub
iect to any fine, forfeiture, or
penalty by virtue of any ordi-
nance passed under the authority
of this charter shall have the
right of appeal within ten days
to the Circuit Court of the county
in which the fine, forfeiture, or
penalty was imposed. The coun-
Gil may provide that, where the
violation is of continuing
nature and is persisted in, con-
viction for one violation shall not
be a bar to a conviction for a
continuation of the offense subse-
quent to the first or any succeed
ing conviction.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1958-04-17
Finance

~. There shall be clerk
treasurer appointed by the mayor
with the approval of the council.
He shall serve at the pleasure of
the mayor. His compensation
shall be determined by the coun-
Gil. The clerk-treasurer shall be
the chief financial officer of the
town. The financial powers of
the town. except as otherwise
provided by this charter. shall be
exercised by the clerk-treasurer
under the direct supervision of
the mayor.
43. Under the supervision of
the mayor. the clerk-treasurer
shall have authority and shall be
required to:
(a) Prepare at the request of
the MAYOR an annual budget TO
be submitted by the mayor to the
council.
(b) Supervise and be respon.
Sible for the disbursement of all
moneys and have control over all
expenditures TO assure that bud
get appropriations are not ex-
ceedcd.
(c) Maintain a general ac-
counting system for the town in
such form as the council may re-
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1958-04-17
The Mayor

IL. The mayor shall be elected
as hereinafter provided and shall
hold office for a term of four
years or until his successor is
elected and qualified. The newly
elected mayor shall take office on
the second Monday following his
election. The mayor holding Of
flee at the time this charter be.
comes effective shall continue TO
hold office for the term which
he was elected and until his sue.
cessor takes office under the pro.
visions of this charter, provided,
however, that In the calendar year
1858 the procedure for the nomi
nation and election of mayor shall
be that which is prescribed In
the provisions of the charter in
force at the time the resolution
heretofore mentioned is adopted
is. The mayor must have re-
sided In the town for at least two
years Immediately preceding his
election and must be a qualified
voter Of the town.
10. The mayor shall receive an
annual salary as set from time tc
time by an ordinance passed by
the council in the regular course
OF business. Provided. however
that no change shall be made In
the salary for any mayor during
the term for which he was elected
The ordinance making any change
In the salary paid to the mayor,
either by way Of increase or de-
crease, shall be finally ordained
prior TO the municipal election TO
elect the next succeeding mayor,
and shall take effect only as TO
the next succeeding mayor; pro-
vided. however that the initial
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1958-04-17
Legal Advertisement
Proposed Charter
Town of Gaithersburg, Md.

/. Be it resolved by the Mayor
and Council of the Town of Gath
ersburg, Maryland, pursuant to
the provisions of Article X1E of
the Constitution of Maryland, the
Annotated Code of Maryland,
1851, the 1857 Cumulative Supple
ment to the Annotated Code of
Maryland, and the Public Local
Laws of Maryland in meeting as
sembled this 18th day of March,
1858, that the Charter of the Town
of Gaithersburg, Montgomery
County, Maryland, enacted by the
General Assembly of Maryland,
Session of 1898, as amended, De
and the same is hereby repealed
and reenacted, with amendments,
so as to read as follows: