davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27
TeIeVision con CoIores

PLYMPTON, Inglaterra, 6
de mayo CUPID. = Como era
de esperanto, la "television
con dolores" es va un hecho.
William Rose, un inventor
local, snuncio que ha inven-
tado la manera de que Tin
aparato de television emita
diferentes olores mediante un
impulse electrico reeibido del
transmisor.
Mediahte SUI aparato de
"Telehuelevision", segun Ro-
Sc, los televidentes no solo
podran, por ejemplo, yer ell
mar y DIR SUI rugido en- las es-
cenas maritimas, sino tam
bien oler SUI brisa salada.
Esto para no hablar de las
escenas de amor, en- los jar
dimes, que seran matizados
con ell perfume de las flores.
Rose dijo que su modelo
experimental contiene cuatro
botellas de diferentes perfu-
mes, 81 bien afirmo que teo-
ricamente no hay Unite pa
ra la variedad de olores que
podran salir de los aparatos
de t%elevision
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27

ocurrido, aunque hubo una gran
manifestation publica en- Ell cen
tro de Ajaccio.
Algunos pasajeros del vapor di
jeron que, al parecer los hechos
comenzarop a las 10 Am. con la
lleeada en- avion desde Angel,
del diputado dercchista frances,
Pascal Arrighl. A las dos de la
tarde, Henri Ma,llot, pariente del
General Charles de Gaulle y jefe
del movimiento degaullista en- la
isla, lego a la prefecture de
Ajaccio, sede del gobierno civil,
y Sc dirigi6 directamente al des-
pacho del Prefectc, Marcel Saw
veux.
listed seguirs siendo prefec-
to de C6rcega, 81 coopera con
nosotros". dijo Maillot a Saw
reux, segun+ los testigos.
Fl prefecto, sin embargo, pa
Ssss habesss AaasAA.
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27
Por JOSEPH w. GRIcT

-EH
PARIS. mayo 26 --CUPI)-
Aparentemente ia flota francesa
del Medlterraneo presto hoy su
respaldo al gobierno de Pierre
Pflimlin pero los elementos del
ala derecha en- ell parlamen-
to frances, respondieron con la
exigencla de que ell General
Charles de Gaulle, sea llamado a
colaborar para poner fin a la
crisis.
Ell Minlsterio de Defensa en-
Paris, desmintio los rumores de
que ell Almirante Philippe Au-
boyneau, habia enviado las naves
bajo su mando al sector rebelde.
81 la poderosa flota del Medi-
terraneo mantiene SUI lealtad al
gobierno de Pflimlin, este podra
cortar las rutas maritimas de
Francia continental a los terri
torios rebeldes de Argelia y Cor
cega.
I'm portavoz de Auboyneau en-
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27
.Aparentemente Ia FIota Francesa
.Sigue LeaI al Gobierno de Paris

Angel, dijo que Ia Ecs.. e dixige
a su base de Tolon, Francia, pc
TO agreg6, y este resulta signifi.
c%ativo, que primero hara escala
en- puertos de Argelia, en- ell via
je desde Malta.
En- medic de esta situacion
aun confusa de ia flota, los ele-
mentos del ala derecha (conser-
vadores) determinaron interve-
mir en- favor de de Gaulle ante ell
presidente Rene Coty, que guar
da la carta de triunfo en- la crisis
~fFancesa.
Los Conservatives reclaman
una conferencia de mesa redon-
da de todos los Jefes de partidos
de centrO, con Ia a~sistencia de
de Gaulle.
Ell general de Gaulle nantes
to la semana pasada que inter-
vendrIa en- la crisis solo en- ell ca.
so de que clio Sc lie pidiera
constitucionalmente, acaso de
parte de Coty.
Los Conservatives dseignaron
a SUI lider Antoine Pinay y a los
miembros del comite ejecuptivo
del partido, para que pidan a CO.
ty que convoque a la conferencia
de mesa redonda.
Pinal va visito a de GauIle la
semana pasada. con conocimien-
to del gobierno, pero sin SUI res
paldo Official, para pedirle su ayu
da. La respuesta del general, en-
esa oportunidad fue que inter-
'Pasa a Ia Pagini 81
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27

mana a las 2 PM. aunque sin
definir de Immediate a la dura-
cion del paro.
Mientras tanto, la Comision
de Asuntos Judiciales de la
asamblea rechazo esta marana ell
proyecto de ley de Pflimlin que
habris privado de SUI mandate
parlamentario a todos los dipu-
tad0s rebeldes. Ell proyecto fue
diluido en- forma que pudiera
aplicarse solo a la inmunidad de
Pascal Alright, ell diputado dere-
chista que encabezo la ~revuelta
del sabado en- C6rcega. FL pro-
veto diluido fue aprobado por
la comision por u votos contra
8, e inmediatamente fue enviado
ala Asamblea en- pleno.
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27
gS SyyaaggdaiSiiaaiNiS2 EEI ||1l|
Bomba EsiaIIa en- Tranvia de Beirut

BEIRUT, Mayo 26. -CPD- Eementos terroristas hceron
estallar hoy una bomba de tempo en- un tranva colmado de pasa-
jeros en- esta capital.
Las primeras noticias dicen cue hubo sds VI ocho muertos y de
IL a Is heridos.
La explosion puso una nOa sangrienta en- una delicada situa.
1cion politica existente en- las atlas eseras del gobierno.
Sc tene entendido que existe un movimiento denro de la Ad-
minisraci6n en- favor de pedir ell apazamiento de la reunion que
ell Consejo de Seguridad de las Nacones Unidas debe realizar msnana
en- Nueva York, a petici6n de Libano, para considerar la queja de
este pals contra la Republca Arabe Unida. a la que acusa de intro
mission en- los asuntos internos libaneses. 4.
Renuncia del Gabnete v~eneloIano
CARACAS, Mayo rs. -(UPD- Ell Contraalmirante WoHgang
L4arrazabal Presidente de la Junta de Gobierno, conhrm6 que Sc
producira la renuncia del gabnete, despues de una reunion de los
membros del mismo.
Agrego que ell nuevo sabinete "contara con caras nuevas".
Con la renuncia del gabinete culminara la crisis que sobrevino
en- los dltimos dias pr la renuncia de dos miembros de la junta.
En- circulos dgnos> de credito/ sc ct6 como posbles ministries del
nuevo gobierno >aE exgobernador, Coronel Miguel de Ia Rosa; Luis
Geronimo Pietri, expfnistro en- los gobiernos de los Generates Eleazar
Lopez Contreras; e 1saias' Medina Angarta; Hector Hernandez Cara.
bano, exreetor de Ia vnversldad Central y lose Ansenie MspobeA
desaeAdo soonenissA
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27

Luis Munoz Marin concedi6 los
beneficios de la exencion contri-
butiva a cinco nuevas empresas in
dustriales que Sc estableceran en-
la Isla, las que Sc informa entire to-
das daran trabajo a unas 1927 per-
sonas, y cuya production total
combinada Sc valera en- 1925, 900.
Esas nuevas empresas son.:
Marion Foundation, Inc, GU
briendo la manufacture de fajas.
I~nstalara maquinaria y equipo por
valor de $40, 900; empleara unos
106 personals; pagara una nomina
(Pasa a la Pagina y
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27

La noticia del ofrecimiento de
De Gaulle vino pocas horas des-
pues qIe ell Partldo de los indie
pendiente Conservatory uno
de los partldos integrantes del
gabinete de Plimlin, decide esta
manana pedir al Presidente Re-
ne Coty que llamara a De Gaulle
y los lideres de todos los parti-
dos centristas a una conferencia
de mesa redonda para conside-
rar la crisis.
AL parecer para c~ontrarrestar
este movimiento en- favor de la
Intervention indireata del Gene
raj De Gaulle, la Confederation
General del Trabajo, dominada
por los %comunistas, orden6 un
paro nacional que Sc iniciara ma
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27

72l,O0O, a empresas inoustriales
y comerciales locales y de afuera.
De esta suma, $22, 0O8 900 cores
ponden a al prestamos locales,
que es ell -67 por cientc del total
prestado a intereses locales y del
exterior.
Estos numeros, expllc6 Ell doctor
Pic6, no incluyen desembolsos tenn
poreros, para cuyos fines Sc han
prestado $26 millones invertidos
en- proyectos de bajo eosto.
EXIMEN DE CONTRIBUCIONES
A CINC0 NUEVAS EMPRESAS
SAN JUAN.-El gobernador
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27
Confederation, General del Trabajo
de Franela Ordena I'm Paro General
De GaUlle 0frece Entrevisturse con PfImIin

PARIS. mayo rs. -(UPD-
Fuentes oficiales fidedignas d.
jeron hoy que Ell General Charles
De Gaulle Sc ha ofrecido para en-
trevistarse con ell Primer Minis
tro Pierre Pflimlin a fin de dis
cutir a puertas cerradas la Grill
sis .cada yez mas grave que sufre
Francia.
Las mlsmas fuentes diieron
que Pflimlin, momentaneamen-
tie afirmado en- su posici6n por ell
aparente apoyo de la flota fran
cesa, no ha decidido aun 81 acep-
taria Ell ofrecimiento, pero que
de todos modos Sc espera que
De Gsulle venga esta noche a Pa
ris desde SUI retro en- Clombey-
Les Deux- Eglisses, en- Lorena.
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27

Radio Beirut dijo anoche que
ell ejercito lucho varias horas en-
las Gales de Habla, Is kilome-
tros al noreste de la cioudad por-
tuaria norteha de Tripoli, para
arrebatar la plaza a los rebeldes.
Fuentes de la oposicion, die
ron que cuatro personas perecie-
ron y doce resultaron heridas en-
la lucha.
Sc tiene entendido que Sc To-
gro una tregua anoche en- Sidon,
pero que la ciudad es presa de la
intranquilidad.
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27

|W31Sy
RICO.

ca, bajando los tipos de interes a
pagarse por entidades industrial
les y comerciales.
Recapitulando las actividades del
Banco Gubernamental desde su
fundacion en- 1912 y hasta Ell fin
del mes de MARIO pasado ell doctor
Pic6 dijo que en- TODD csc periodic
concedi6 542 prestamos desembol-
sados, por un monte total de $780,,
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27

IBERoAMERiCA en-
DIN DID
Elk MINISTRIES PERONISTAS
SALEM DE LA CARCEL

BUENOS AIRES, (UPD.-Aban-
donaron la carccl de Madariaga,
situada en- la provincial de Buenos
Aires, los ex Ministries de Ejercito
y Aeronautica del regimen pero-
nista, General Franklin Lucero y
Brigadier Juan Ill San Martin, res
pectivamente.
Los citados militares, que Sc ha-
llaban e~ncarcelados desde 1885, re-
cuperaron la lihertad, MERGED a I'm
decreto de indulto del poder ejecu-
two, cuyo texto no ha sido aun da-
do a conocer.
Sabese que Ell mismo d~ecreto, al
CANA al General Jose Domingo
Molina, que desempenaba un alto
cargo en- la epoca peronista.
SIGUE "OPERACION TORTUGA"
EN- RIO
RIO DE JANEIRO, (UPD.-Con-
tinua la <'operacion tortuga, entire
los telegrafistas y radiotelegrafis-
tas de Is empresas radiotelegrafi-
cas- extranieras que funcionan en-
Brasil. Sc trata de una huelga en-
respaldo de la demanda de aumen-
to de dichos empleados.
Los telegrafistas y radoitelegra.
fistas estan transmltiendo ahora So
10 Is palabras por minute, en- vez
de las so Q go que transmiten nor
malmente.
Los huelguistas dan la ~preferen-
(Pasa a la Pagina u
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27
CUBA

sus Fuerzas Armadas y, por con-
siguiente, a su pals, ante la Junta
Interamericana de Defensa, con la
dignidad y ell mas hondo decoro
que pueden ser concebidos y en-
gendrados solamente en- aquellos
espiritus que, amanda e%ntranable-
mente a SUI Patria, conocen y Sc
imponen de la grave responsible
lidad adquirida para cumplir con
sus deberes exhaustivamente, sin
perder un solo momento nj ell
amino nj la determination para
prestigiar, desinteresada y CONT
nuamente, a SUI pueblo y a su
bandera.
."Asimismo, deseamos exponer
que sus dotes excepcionales de
mando, SUI integridad personal, SUI
amplia cultura general y sus in
discutibles virtudes y preparation
professional como militar, sirvie-
tPasa a la Pagina u
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27
lneomunieado ell Corone| Barquln en-
|s|a de Pinos> Denuneia Ell DR.. Bisb@
tend@ 5 Cubans que Sc Cree %Fabricaban Armas en- California

DosN VeHos y 2 Reddos en- Academies de TrdnMoD vmMee Fir de semuna.- - oMn a MMonado
Huhe ShnIado IN Rho - Aedde de LIZ Hubunok qu Veuddoda ua Nhio - Mission de
la cdmar de comeriod de Mam Hae Deduudones en- La Huhuna : ohsI mpodnhes Niis
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27
q TEMPO

Pareialmente nublado con
possible Huvias ell martes. Tenn
peraturas, en- los $50 T. Vien-
tOs variables.
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27

L. Walsh y contraalmirante Charles
w. wilkins, de los Estados Unidos,
por los generates Crist6bal Guzman
Cardenas y Jose Machado Lopez,
de Mexico y Brasil, respectiva-
mente, y por otros distinguidos
oficiales, a raiz de esos aconteci-
mientos, 10 siguiente:
"Deseamos hacery patente que en-
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27

bancOS de Ia
reserva fede-
raj, pero que
81 puede facili-
tar prestamos
para la activi-
daJ aoopH-;
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-27

la opinion de cada
n de ~nosotros.
ell coronel Bar
uuin representa- a
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1958-01-16

We offer our congratulations
to the American Legion, Miss
issippi Department, on the ser
vice it is rendering to those of
us who happen, by the grace OF
God, to be Mississippi - Ameri-
cans.
Their service to us is in ac-
cordance with their Constitution
which, in part, reads:
/. To uphold and defend the
Constitution of the United States.
2. To foster and perpetuate
a 100 per cent Americanism.
8. To combat autocracY of both
the classes and the masses.
A. To make right the master OF
might.
S. To safeguard and transmit
to posteritY the principles OF
justice. freedom. and democracy.
Let's take the recent case of
the William Walker Post 214 in
Jackson, Miss.
This was Negro post. Their
charter was cancelled. This is a
service to all of us in the mag
nolia jungle.
The fact is, and this is a SER
ious matter, the ex-commander
of the post was active in the
NAACP. He was considered to
be trace agitator." He had
spoken out for rights as an AM
erican citizen. It is more than
obvious that he mis-read the
Constitution of the Uni t d
States; he seems also to have
interpreted the Constitution
of the American Legion.
Upon being kicked out of the
Legion, the ex-commander num-
bled something about having of
fered his life to safeguard and
preserve America, having donned
the uniform of the nation during
the war. What a thing to say!
Further, he said, Regardless of
the views of others, we shall
strive to make American demo
cracy living reality"
Who would deny that this
fellow was, and is, a ''racial
agitator?"
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1958-01-16

In the limitless perspective OF
Mind, there is a material vanish
ing point at which the physical
and metaphysical join -.
In this great truth lies the an
swer to the claim of incompati-
bility between science and re-
ligion
Scientists are not irreligious.
Many of the greatest have openly
professed faith in God faith
in power which seems less SUI
pernat,ral and more supremacy
natural as the scientist extends
his knowledge ever deeper and
higher.
To the mind able to peer, as
does the modern astronomer, into
the foothills of infinity, and to
reckon with what he finds there,
belief in a higher power is as es-
sential as belief in higher mathe-
mates. To the atomic scientist
who blasts matter into inmate
riality, who must attune his think
ing to the somethingness of moth
ing, the real of spirituality is not
far afield.
The astronomer and the atomic
physicist deal with their own va
rieties of infinity !. the astrono-
mer deals with the infinitely
large, the atomic physicist with
the infinitely small. But in the
ultimate extensions of their
thought, both discover that there
is no real difference between the
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1958-01-16
1907 American
The Legion Renders Service

In addition to these serious
mistakes by the ex-commander,
his post was guilty of "dabbling
in partisan politics." While we
aren't too sure what that means,
we would guess they didn't in
vite the great leaders of the citi-
zens' councils to their meetings,
as did their white protectors IN
meetings in Jackson early last
year.
That, as any MississippiAmer-
lean we'll knows, does not con-
stitute partisan politics" That's
just plain, down-to-earth, good,
m m n sense. But those
Negroes. 49,! Like we've al
ways said, they got to be kept
in their place. They can't even
read the Constitution right. They
think they're as good as people,
especially under the laws of the
land.
Yes, we congratulate the 1000
American American Legion on
their action.
While on the subject of the
Legion, and while pointing out
some of the great public service
rendered by it, we would call
to your attention the fact that
the institutions of higher learn
ingin the state recognize it's
value.
Some two or three years ago
someone came up with the idea
to screen speakers who were
to appear on campuses of state
supported colleges in the state.
At the University of Mississippi
a person getting ready to invite
a speaker would submit a list of
names to the office of the Chan
cellor The names, or name,
would then be submitted by the
Chancellor's office to the nation
al offcie of the American Legion
for clearance. That's how speak
ers were screened. For all we
know they may still be doing it.
If not, they certainly should. We
Mississippi-Americans need all
the protection we can get.
We have been told by a re-
Continued on next page)
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1958-01-16
Henry Theodore Rowe Gives -
A Theme For A Sermon

infinite, large or small. Neither
can be rationalized or reconciled
in material terms.
The astronomer has unfolded a
cosmos so vast and involving
speeds so great that he begins
to confront utter contradictions of
material terms: distances so great
as to be unencompassable at any
speed, speeds so great as to en-
compass any distance, instantane-
ously. What can embrace such
space, attain such speed? What
indeed, but Mind.
The atomic physicist has Great
ed a substance so small that it has
ceased to be substantial; has ceas-
ed to exist in material terms. His
magic wand, in one radioactive
wave, has swept away the struc-
lures wrought of a trillion earth
years, and left not even rubble
with which to rebuild accumulat-
ed so-called knowledge. What IS
there left to build on, and with?
What indeed, but Mind.
The astrophysicist and the atom
ic physicist, and their brothers IN
a thousand fields of science, have
learned, when the mists of mate
riality cloud their vision to impel
their progress into the light OF
new understanding by the great
est power, the only power, that
really exists =. Orderly Energy.
Some call it Intelligence.
SOME CALL 1T GOD.
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1958-01-16
Wutch On The
POTOMAC
by
Robt. c. Spivack

TWO RUSSIANS-History, ac-
cording to an old saying, is writ
ten by the survivors. If, as some
fear, there must one day come a
military showdown between the
U. S. and the U. S. S. r. the place
that Nikita Khrushchev will oc-
cupy may be determined by
which of the two nations sur
vives"- any nation can survive
in the Observation-Disclosures
era.
Until that happens, and I for
one do not believe such show
down is inevitable, we must be
content to take Khrushchev as we
find him. In my judgment he is
the man of the year.. But what
kind of a man is he?
r I have read the reports Of those
who have met him and talked
privately with some of them. It's
my impression that he is sharp
witted cynic who believes that
Russia's most pressing problem
is to stall for time. Almost every
thing that Khrushchev does seems
aimed in that direction.
X X X
Yet even so brilliant a tactician
as Khrushchev makees mistakes.
On one occasion he said to the
Americans, eve will bury YOU"
And on another occasion he said
the trouble with Poland was that
there were "too many Abramo-
witches" in its government, re-
mark that was interpreted to be
anti-senitic. When the first Sput-
mix went up into outer space the
Soviet press, following his lead,
tainted us with remarks about
how efficient we were in making
better tail fins on our cars, but
how backward" we were in the
sciences.
Knrushchev has, of course, new
er been to this country. suspect
that he has read very little about
| it. Certainly the one thing he
does not seem to understand is
| the American character and that
is. our real "secret weapon. You
can push Americans only so far
and then, as Hitler learned, they
will begin to push back.
We're almost at that stage now
Losing the Olympics to the Rus
slams didn't mean too much, be-
cause it's like football game
Someone was bound to win and
someone to lose. We take those
things philosophically.
Even losing the race to outer
space didn't bother us at first. II
was only after Khrushchev began
implying that we had grown soft
lacked dedication and were NOR
ally decaying that we began to SIT
up and get made.
X X X
THE SMARTER APPROACH
! Khrushchev's mistake may prove
costlier to the Russians than il
does to us. Because once we get
into action I doubt that they car
keep up.
A Soviet scientist, Prof. D. /
Blokhintsev, who recently visited
at. Stanford University, takes
much more realistic view of the
situation than the Communist
party boss. Blokhintsev headed 9
delegation of four Soviet physi-
cists who participated in the win
ter meeting of the American Ply
steal Society. Unlike Khrushchexy
he didn't seem to be deiudins
himself or his own people. He
was also well-mannered and mo-
Continued on next page)
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1958-01-16
BY P. D.

CyII1P
While not an authority on the subject know many
ways Of committing suicide of the most effecveto
be discussion of ones views religion This, then,
a suicide note.
am prompted into it because of the largenumberof
letters received having with my lack Of church
nection It would feel, be foolish to try tousfy any
single concept religion Religion is something person
SEEK arrive at by pure logic Of Sorts
perhaps but not logic
For good quarter-century I've been concerned with
Cod not necessarily religion And there is difference
to my way of thinking Religion and God conceived
by most of until the combination boys down the indi
vua seeking understand than is told him by his
parents Sunday school class taught by the parents
of someone else.
Briefly and to the point my belief in God is almost
absolute; indeed it's almost chd-like.
do believe in life after death. To me that's al
ways beenone of the immature Of mans egotiscal
manifestations believe in immortality but not of the
SOUL since cannot conceive what soul Immortality
is attained by the individual through his children and
their children Also Immortality attained blythe work
does this earth, example OF this concept be-
ing Milton Plato Socrates, and many others through
which God presented apart of Himself. use the Him
SELF simply because don't know another word to
do not believe God created in His image; rather
hold that man has created God in his nage) ea sa@
At this point I should explain what God is, how
see Him. etc But that isn't possible for to do. After
worrying over the matter for twenty-five years have
reached conclusion about God It's, in effect the
basis of all my thinking. Stated simply it is: GOD IS
And how Why where when etc. beats the hell out OF me-
am frank and honest in saying that am not
Christian I've been, amt and see NO hope
of ever being one wish were; wish my nature was
such that could attain such heights of moral behavior
l say in the greatest sincerity that hope you are
Christian f you want to be one that grocer be one
that all those with whom associate be of such moral
character they could qualify AS for it's impossible
and am sorry about it, too think what I'm trying to say
is this While believe the teachings of Christ to be
ong the best have, much too weak to practice
them but hope others not so weak
AS to the Church proper, I've been member OF the
Methodist Church. did not join because wanted to.
Joined for two First they scared the daylights
cut of me- could my wicked self going straight to
he'll hitting with quite splash Second Twas promised
new suit get sprinkled in if I'd join up have since
resigned my membership (And haven't had new suit
in years.
TO my mind the Church is somewhat like the Country
Club sans golf course and bar and appreciate the
necessity both Personally I've felt the need for
either except as stated above.
am convinced that Christ great and good man,
but I'm not convinced that he any the of
Continued On Page2)
Smyrna times., 1958-04-03
KentOn

Services at Kenton Methodist
Church, the Rev. c. E. Wilkins,
pastor, for Easter Sunday will be
as follows: Church School, 10 am.
Worship service, IL am; Easter
meditation, Resurrection Joys"
Baptismal service, IL o'clock. The
church is grateful to Miss Ethel
Geiser for making the white
capes for the twenty members of
the junior choir. Also, the teen
ayers will wear choir robes in
the first public service on Easter
Sunday.
Special evangelistic services are
going on this week with guest
speakers. On Friday evening at
8 o'clock, the Rev. Edward Wiki
ms of Dover will be the speaker.