davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-16

who held the key positions Of
power in the state, being in
charge Of police. army and COM
munications. Mr.. Benes was
forced to nominate a Quisling-
type Prime Minister who was
fellow traveller. He was also
maneuverec by Moscow into the
cession Of the Sub-Carpathian
Ukraine. Mr.. Benes acted under
pressure and knew that if he were
to refuse the Soviets would in
stall purely Communist gov
eminent in Czechoslovakia. The
president hoped that by sacri-
ficing the Ukraine and making
other concessions he could pre-
vent further interference.
Unfortunately matters de-
veloped in another direction. The
West was content that the war
was over, and the SovietS had
free hand. Almost without
serious opposition they seized one
country after the other.
In Czechoslovakia, the anti
Communist forces worked hard to
build a democratic order; they
tried to halt Communist infiltra-
ton and to prevent the full COM
munization of the police, the
army, and other key organiZa-
tons. Yet, it was impossible for
a small nation without any help
to counter a powerful Dictator
ship determined to have its way.
The only hope left was to hold
free elections. But Immediately
preceding the elections, when the
Communists became aware that
they could not win, they resorted
to terror, relying on Moscow's full
support. They INSTRUCTED the free
elections by the putsch exactly
ten years ago. In charge of OPP
erations was Deputy Foreign Min
lister Valerian A. Zorin, dispatched
to Prague from Moscow. He came
allegedly to supervise Soviet grain
deliveries.
Communist Prime Minister Kle-
menti Gottwald rudely threatened
the President with armed rebel
lion. In vain Mr.. BeneS resisted
and refused "You know my
deep democratic faith. l can only
remain loyal to it at this moment,
for democracy is in my opinion
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-16

schedules. But that did not occur.
Maryland and Ohio are two Of
the States caught in this pinch.
Maryland has obligated $40 mil
lion Of the $50 million it will re-
ceive for 1857 and 1858. The next
Federal apportionment will not be
until December, 1858.
Ohio in Pinch
Ohio Is in worse shape. While
Maryland has only 34B miles on
the interstate system, Ohio has
about 1900 miles. Ohio Governor
c. William ONeill pushed an am
bilious two-year, billion-dollar
highway program in which 81 per
cent Of the States Federal funds
were obligated by the first Of this
year.
Ohio already had announced a
$400 million program for 1858
when the Federal Government an
nounced cut in ALLEGATIONS. The
State is financing some interstate
projects with 100 per cent state
money (for which the State will be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-16

reimbursed later but desperately
needs more Federal funds to reach
the 1858 goal and maintain the
crash program in 1859.
Where ore They?
Public opinion is another prob
lem. Drivers are beginning to ask,
Where are these new super free
ways?"
The answer is that only 1923
miles have been completed, in
GLIDING some mileage authorized
before July. 1856, under the pri-
mary road aid plan. Several
States, including Maryland and
Virginia, and the District of CO.
lumbia, have not completed their
first mile Of interstate highway
since adoption of the Federal
Highway Act Of 1856.
The Bureau of Public Roads Of
ficially credits Maryland With
completion Of "a miles, Virginia
with 1877 and the District with
about four miles. But that is for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-16
WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE

a week to support either France
or Tunisia.
Relations between the now-in-
dependent former French protec-
torate and Paris have been bitter
since French bombers attacked a
Tunisian border village last Feb
ruary 8.
Mr.. Bourguiba's ultimatum
highlights again the dilemma fac
ing the State Department. Amer
lean support for Tunisia, and by
implication for the raging Alge-
rian war for independence, would
anger France and perhaps wreck
the Big Three alliance, basis for
NATO. But continued compromise,
or even indirect support for the
French position, seems. certain to
weaken further the prestige of the
United States among Arab ma,
tionalists throughout North Africa
and the Middle East.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-16
Cuba: Rights
Withdrawn

Cuba's Dictator-President Full
gencio Batista, faced with a rising
clamor against his regime. again
suspended constitutional guaran-
tees Wednesday. The cabinet i'm
mediately resigned, and the pros
poets of a general election, repeat
eddy pledged by Gen. Batista for
June /, went glimmering.
Serious unrest in Cuba, spear
headed by the revolutionary forces
Of Fidel Castro and increased by
protests from student. religious
and business groups. has been
spreading despite severe repres-
sive measures. Gen. Batista has
suspended constitutional guaran-
tees eight times since 1856. The
most recent restoration of civil
liberties last January 81 released
a flood Of criticism Of his heavy
handed rule and a wave of ac-
quittals by the civil courts of citi-
zens charged with anti-govern-
ment activities.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-16
State Officials Have Big Stake in Road PumpP Printing

construction Of primary highways
now on the interstate system.
The District tentatively has
been given credit for four miles
on Kenilwort'a avenue from East
Capitol stree to the District
Prince Georges County line.
Anti-recession proposal S APP
proved by the Senate Public Works
Committee would increase the 1859
interstate ALLEGATION from So bill
lion to S2.2 billion and the amount
for 1860 from $22 billion to SIS
billion.
Along with these increases in the
interstate program. increases of
$400 million in 1859 for primary,
secondary and urban highways,
5000 million more in 1860. Tied to
the 1859 increase is a provision for
q loan fund of Sis million for
those States short on matching
money.
While the motorist hasn't seen
Or driven-on many miles of
new interstate highways so far. he
will see a lot of construction ac-
tivity this spring.
The locoI Picture
In nearby Virginia, two Sec
tions of the Washington circum-
ferential highway have been
placed under contract. These
sections extend from Route 236 to
Braddock road and from Brad
dock road to Back Lick road.
Other work under contract or con-
struction on the 1912 miles Of
interstate highways in Virginia in
clude IS bridges and A miles Of
highway at an estimated cost Of
$26 million.
Maryland soon will have 35
miles Of interstate highway under
contract or construction at an es-
timated cost of $40 million. Most
Of this mileage is on the new Bal
timore Harrisburg expressway.
The only work in the Washington
area is being done on Route 240.
The construction section extends
south from Rockville about Z miles
to where the circumferential will
bisect Route 24O.
The District of Columbia will
place about $40 million worth of
new interstate work under con-
struction this spring, including
contracts on the Southwest and
Anacostia freeways. District
highway engineers also hope to
begin work soon on the $24.5 mil
lion Constitution avenue bridge.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-16

If the proposed schemes for
economic unity produce further
advantages which Europe antici-
pates and if the Continent con-
tinues to prosper as the asSocia-
ton becomes more intimate, the
prospects for greater unity are
good. But many difficulties re-
main to be overcome. The most
important of these is that an eco
nornic union may be impossible
without parallel political union.
But both may be endangered If
the riffs over security policy are
allowed to widen.
Back to NATO
This leads us back to Atlantic
unity and NATO. For a time the
growing economic unity Of West
ern Europe was accompanied by
increasing military and political
unity in the North Atlantic area.
NATO has established under
single command an integrated
military force, to which all mem
bers except Iceland contribute.
This is a unique achievement in
the history of peacetime alliances.
Yet this close Atlantic association
remains sharply limited.
The United States and Britain
have withheld important elements
of their military strength to deal
with security problems in areas
outside continental Europe for
which NATO has no responsibility.
Most important. they have re-
tanned national control over their
long-range air forces equipped
with nuclear weapons. NATO as
such has no capability to retaliate
against Soviet strategic nuclear
attack.
With the growth of Soviet nu-
clear weapons, NATO's ability to
ensure European security has been
increasingly questioned. Europe's
fear that the United States will
use the Strategic Air Command
only to retaliate against a nuclear
attack on North America is in
creasing. NATO faces the prospect
of being unable to deter either a
local or an about nuclear attack
on Western Europe.
One way out of this dilemma, of
course, would be an international
agreement on nuclear arms con-
troll. Aerial observation to reduce
the risk of a surprise attack would
also be helpful. although it would
not cope with the emerging Soviet
strategy of conscious nuclear
blackmail. But neither is in the
realm of possibility for the near
future.
Still another alternative would
be an agreement on mutual with
drawal of opposing forces from
both sides of the NATO frontier"
in Europe, reduction in the size
OF these forces, and an inspection
system to ensure compliance. But.
again, such an agreement would
not deal with the problems of
Western Europe's vulnerability to
strategic nuclear attack. Also, a
withdrawal from the dividing line
between West and East Germany
would appear to perpetuate the
division of that nation. No West
German government is likely to
agree to it unless Germany is re-
united at the same time.
Germony's Future
The Soviet Union has consist
emily held that Germany can be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-16
Tunisio:
Hard Choice

American policy toward Arab
nationalism was challenged again
on Thursday. Tunisia's pro-West-
ern President Habib Bourguiba,
smarting after a sharp French
note demanding the end of Tu-
nissan blockade Of French garri-
sons. told the United States and
Britain they must choose within
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-16

the people of the West to remind
themselves of the true nature Of
JCzechoslovakia's degradation -
and of the efficacy of the Commu-
mist technique Of bloodless subju-
cation.
Never has communism been in
troduced in q democratic manner
by the free will of the people. In
Czechoslovakia. between the two
wars known to the world as q
model democratic country. 1t was
achieved by terror, force and
threats. But it started with lures,
promises, pledges and courtesy.
First, DisiIIusion
Czechoslovak democracy has al
ways enjoyed the reputation of
strict adherence to agreements.
But not all of Czechoslovakia's
allies followed this rIle. Czecho-
slovakia suffered the terrible diSil-
lusien Of being abandoned by allies
and friends during the crucial
Munich days and the following
events in 1938-1939. At that time
the Soviets pretended that they
would have come to the assistance
of CzechoSlovakia had CzechoSlo-
vakia resisted Hitler; later Joseph
Stain, with benign smile, signed
the 1889 pact of non-aggression
with Germany.
After the bitter experience of
the Munich disaster, President Ed
.uard Benes was aware of the need
for a postwar geographically close
ally, as a protection against flu
ture German attacks. With these
considerations, the pact on post
war friendly cooperation was con-
cluded with the Soviet Union in
Moscow in 1913; it also included
mutual respect for sovereignty and
independence as well as non-inter-
ference in internal affairs.
Top-ranking Soviet representa-
tives frequently emphasized during
the war that Moscow's sole aim
toward Czechoslovakia was to help
it gain full freedom without a
quid-pro-quo, such as territorial
cessions. Stain. talking to Mr..
Benes in Moscow, said: THE So
Yiet Union will not interfere in the
internal affairs of its allies. I
know that even among you there
are such who doubt it. Perhaps
even you are somewhat dubious.
but / give the assurance. :"
Stain went so far as to offer to
intervene with Czechoslovak Com
munists to curb their activities.
Mr.. Benes declined the offer. He
claimed that in a democratic
country such problems could be
solved without outside inter-
vention.
One Sided Coexistence
Thus Czech oslova k-Soviet
peaceful coexistence" began. But
it spelled for Moscow: Let us do
in your country whatever we like
and don't interfere" Most of
Czechoslovak territory was Glib
Grated" and occupied by the Red
Army. President Benes had to
return to his liberated capital by
way of Moscow. There he was
urged to include in his new cab
met Moscow-trained Communists
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-16
SOME ARE ON A LIMB
By AL ALIBRANDO
Star Staf Writer

State officials and the Nations
road builders are listening in
tently to the discussion of anti
recession measures on Capitol Hill.
They have a vital stake in one of
the steps propoSed-the channel-
ing of more Federal money into
the new 41,000-mile interstate
highway system for the dual pur-
pose of speeding up road construc-
ton and pumping up the economy.
The interest in the proposal
goes well beyond the usual interest
Of possible beneficiaries of Federal
largesse, however. To put it
bluntly, the highway program is
in trouble.
The highways that will make up
the interstate system have been
called the Nations glamour
roads," and for good reason. Built
to toll road standards or better.
they will provide free. safe, COM
Portable travel for all motorists.
The vast network was authorized
by Congress in 1856. The idea was
to build in Is years a system Of
highways linking all sizeable
United States cities-with coast
forecast. limited access. nonstop,
divided highways.
Passage of the act was univer-
sally hailed. 1t provided. on a
pay-as-you-go basis, for the big
gest public works project in
United States history-the expen-
diture of SITS billion. Ninety per
cent Of this amount was to come
from a Federal trust fund fed by
income from highway user taxes
on gasoline, tires, buses and
trucks. Ten per cent was to be
paid by States or other particle
pating local agencies.
Eorly Troubles
The bold new programs diffi-
culties began almost Immediately.
Highway construction costs in
creased.
In January, Secretary Of Com
merce Sinclair Weeks told Con-
Rress the cost of building the sys-
tem had increased $40 billion in
10 months.
Mr.. Weeks said the increases
were due to sharp rises in con-
struction costs and upward revi-
sions in forecasts Of future traffic.
The forecasts are used as a yard
stick to determine the capacity Of
Interstate highways.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-16

This is the third article in The Sunday Stars eight
week Great Decisions I. 1858" series or crucial
M M international questions facing the Amer
ASM M1N lean people The series is presented in
HSEA\& + \S conjunction with Decisions" discussion
IAX I42I II groups being conducted in this area by
lHhIMT ~J the Foreign Policy Association and the
\NVI/MI ~ Junior Chamber Of Commerce
w w Mr.. Moore, associate director of the
Twentieth Century Fund has served with the
State Department and the Mutual Security Admnisra
tion This article is condensed from the FPA publication
"Deadlne Series"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-16
Continued From Page Az!

SEATO that additional assistance
from the West was essential if
Pakistan was not to be forced to
accept generous Soviet offers. He
stressed the point that Pakistan
and other SEATO members had
rejected offers from Moscow. while
the neutralist nations, such as
India, were able to accept aid
from both sides.
Mr.. Dulles. while not replying
directly to that argument. re-
counted American aid efforts and
pledged a continued interest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-16
There's a Lesson for the West
In This Bitter 10th Anniversary
By PETER zENKL

Ten years ago, communism TOOK
over the free republic Of Czecho-
slovakia in a cynical coup d'etat.
And for 10 years we have heard
the Communists claim that the
Czechoslovak people chose COM
munism freely. that they willingly
severed their close ties with the
West, and that the peoples de-
,mocracy''-the Communist dicta-
torship, that is-was established
by peaceful. democratic parlia-
nentary procedure.
Now, on the 10th anniversary
of those tragic days. it is wen Tor
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-16

Dr.. Zenkl is q former Mayor OF Prosus
and wos Deputy Prime Minister at
the time Of the Communist coup IN
czechoslovokio.
Kodiak mirror., 1958-05-24

Whether they continue their studies, or enter the business, pro fesional or work-a-day world, or settle down to just marriage in the case of the young ladies, they should certainly feel debt of gratitude to the fine school sys- tenn Kodiak enjo;s. Long recos- nHed of high calihre, the high school here continues to advance in effectiveness and service. Re suits of effective teaching will be seen in the years to come in this and other graduating classes.
Kodiak mirror., 1958-05-24
Eugene Mitchell {. Goes to Mainland

Eugene (Butch) Mitchell left Thursday to spend few days in Anchorage with Joe and Alice Morino. His mother, Mrs. Barney Herbrig, will join him Saturday.
 On Monday they will meet Barn ey in Fairbanks and begin a vaca- ton that will take them to Liven- good via var, and bush plane to Manley Hot Springs.
 At the end of their vacation the family will return to Panama where Barney is employed.
 Eugene will remain in Tanana until the beginning of the school term, when he will enter Mary mount Military Academy near Ia coma. Washington.
Kodiak mirror., 1958-05-24
Awards Given to r MS Employees

In presentation ceremonies held Thursday in the office of Captain R. B. Jacoby, commanding officer, Naval Station, four employees of the Public Works Department were presented checks for bene- ficial suggestions.
 Awards totaling $2OO were pre- scented to George w. Alexander, Charles Fenner, Lewis H. Kennedy and Tom N. Nachand.
 CDR George I Finch, Public Works officer, was persent during the ceremonies.
Kodiak mirror., 1958-05-24
BPW INSTALLS
 (Continued from Page D

(Continued from Page D
 ton in presenting the Music Trails project and assisting at the vari- ous Chamber of Commerce recep- tions when called upon.
 President Serum thanked the club for their confidence in her and set forth some of her plans for the coming year. She named the following Committee Chair men to serve under her: Career Advancement, Melanie Draper; Finance, Grace Pecore; Health g Safety and Health & Welfare Rep, Marian Johnson; Interna- tional Relations, Helen Schott; Legislation, Ellen Dawson; Na- tional Security, Eudora Preston and Louise Walker; Membership, Etta Edris; Public Affairs, Tenora ROckney and Connie Dandeneau: Program Coordination, Maxine Brooks; Parliamentarian, Margery KnudSen.
 Tables, Antjie Huer; Hostess, Lillian Smith; Place Cards & Res ervations, Dorothy Haag; Cards & Gifts, Virginia Briner; Yearbook, Lillian Lamme; Scholarship, Doro- thy Molletti; Music Trails: Busi- ness Manager, Betty Springhill; Reception, Margaret Lightfoot; Publicity, Irene Lawhead.
 President Brown gave the club members peptalk using as, her topic Are We Carrying Out the National Program?" She also out lined the programs and events scheduled for the National Con- vention to De held in Seattle July 9th through 12th.
Kodiak mirror., 1958-05-24
An Achievement

The B students who received their diplomas Wednesday even ing, signfying the successful com pletion of their high school edu- cation, are to be congratulated on their achievement.
 Their education is not complete, of course, and never will be com pleted in their span of life. But their oGAook TOW as they have passed this milestone advances to n more mature evaluation of their future.
Kodiak mirror., 1958-05-24
KODIAK MIRROR

Virginia Briner and Betty sprmghill, representing Kodiak, will be among the 25 Alaskan Delegates, with headquarters at V the Olympic Hotel.
 The next business meeting will ne held June 2nd at the home of Etta Edris, with Connie Danden- eau and Lillian Lamme serving as co-hosteSses.
Kodiak mirror., 1958-05-24

residents, some prominent, some not, and lists them from \ (Ro- bert Acheson) to z Martin Zuc- ker) Gordon Jensen manager of the Kodiak Telephone Company, urges all subscribers to pick up their directories beginning Mon. day due to changes in listings. Subscribers are asked to bring in their old phone books.
Kodiak mirror., 1958-05-24

Acting Governor Waino Hen tLrickson has proclaimed Monday, May 26, as ACS Day.. We are heartily in accord with a recogni- ton being made of this important $tranch of tine Army on the occas- ion of the celebration of its 58th anniversary. Linking the territory as it has done since the early days If its history. and providing com
Kodiak mirror., 1958-05-24
ESTIMATED INCOME TAX DUE AGAIN NEXT MONTH

Did someone say the income tax filing period was over for this year? For most of us it is, but for 65,OOO taxpayers in Washington and Alaska who are on the "esti- mated" basis, payment is due June 16.
 If you are in this category, Internal Revenue asks that you be sure to identify your remittance by giving the account number shown on the installment notice or by returning the notice with your payment.
Kodiak mirror., 1958-05-24

will to work. The result: An ex- cellent job. Drop up and take look.
 Another group that should be commended for a civic effort is the Tourist Committee under the direction of Dr. Bob Johnson. Al brochure, hot off the press (mimeograph, that isl is being distributed this week. Called What To Do in Kodiak the pamphlet is complete with two maps of the city, fine thumb nail historical sketch, and lists sev- eral attractions for tourists what to look for and how to get there.
 From the brochure, among oth- CT things you will learn: Sheli- kof reported Kodiak unsuited for agriculture; rough-hewn logs are beneath the siding of the former Erskine residence, which was formerly the Governors mansion; behind the stone sea wall at the D & A dock, appears to be rooms with dividing walls of stone, which can be entered at low tide. Up to 1917 children attended a Russian boarding school here, as no territorial school had been established.
 A quick review of the weeks events show that the Statehood bill is getting some action in the Congress, with a vote to open de- bate in the House The Senate passed a bill inceasing postal rates (4 instead of 3 cents for letter, boosts pay of postal employees by 265 million dollars; while on the subject of big money, federal spending for the new fiscal year IS expected to increase to about 80 billion dollars.
 How about pay boost for the
Kodiak mirror., 1958-05-24
Salute to Acs

munication for the distant out posts of Alaska, it has contributed to its growth and welfare.
 The welfare Of Kodiak, too, has been advanced, by the spirit of cooperation shown and participa- tion in the projects and endeavors of this community, by the person mel stationed here over the years.