davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1958-07-03
Dear P. D.

Dear P. D.
Grand Bay, Ala.
The amusing letter in May 9th
issue. of The Petal Paper from
one. Mr.. Will D. Campbell
Preacher, would make it appear
that you perchance have been
associating with a questionable
character. The tone of his letter
could make one feel that he be-
lieyes himself to be the slave OF.
a god, therefore he tries to iml-
tate. his master, Luke 1871. But
those mine enemies, which
would not that I should reign
over, them. bring hithef and STAY
them before me-.
Here is ample authority for the
determination of the Huguenots,
the Albigenses, the War OF the
Roses, the slaughter Of the non.
Catholics when the church ruled
ENGLAND. the fight against. the
Protestants, of Holland, the wip-
inc Of millions Of pagan Indians
IN the Americas and the slaught-
er Of countless numbers of in,
nocent people.
In this country when the
sraniards were masters OF the
1h.rnenot part Of FlnTida, a
scene. of carnage .ens1ed d.
coldiers. women, children, the
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1958-07-03
Letters

DR.. Stout did not do right by our
friends, the Stokleys. I think
Neither Black nor White is not
greasy at all, but good solid
menu of all the different. atti-
tudes and people and experiences
that people here in the South
present. think it is well written
and even has some poetic in
sights that give it quite delight
full aspect.
My, objection to it is quite
other than its form or content,
both of which / think are good.
1t is that nowhere do you find
any reasons for the various at
titudes nor any solution of them.
1t seems to make its judgements
on a purely personal and mdivid-
ual level and not based on any
historical nor value judgements.
do not believe the Southern
people are so different from all
the other people in the world
that they don't have reasons for
what they do and will not react
nationally IF THEY HAVE A
CHANCE. The difficulty is that
they never get anything but the
same old diet of "NIGGER, MIG
GER, BLAME EVERYTHING
ON THE NIGGER." 1t is not just
the Bilbos and the Bradys and
the WCC and the xxx that
spout this line, they hear it from
Coleman, Fulbright, Sparkman
and Hill, who are by all stand
ards of judgements, literate and
powerful and sophisticated men.
They never get any other diet
and as a poor diet brings on pei
lagral in the. body, when mems
minds are starved and their souls
are starved, they get pellagra OF
the spirit.
For generations the small
group of slave owners kept the
southern poor white man igno-
rant. poor and superstitious, and
made the poor black man the
enemy. Has there ever been any
thing more foolish than the poor
white southern white man. fight.
ing and dying to preserve a sys-
tenn that kept him down? But
he did. Now the old time south
ern slave owner or his descen-
dant is joined to the Yankee
trader to keep the southern white
man down, poor and ignorant, to
bust the Unions, starve the.
schools and make both the white
and black man their slaves and
still the poor southern white
man is kept satisfied with the
cry of "NIGGER." CAT LEAST
YOU ARE BETTER THAN THE
NIGGERS." One day they are
going to wake up and when they
do, think you will see some-
thing this country has never seen
before. They are going to get
tired of being fooled and they
are finally going to know who
their enemies are and it isn't the.
black man. But right now they
are Just as blind as can be, like
moles.
/ think you are doing a great
job.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE

assistant to former President
Truman.
The first arrest in the Adams
Goldfine case came on Friday
when Metropolitan Police an
nounced the arrest Of a suspect
in the theft Of some of Mr.. Gold
fines records from his hotel room
here over the July 4 week end.
The suspect was a cashier at the
hotel.
Meanwhile. Mr.. Adams seemed
about to be catapulted into still
another influence" case. A for
mer member of the Pentagon's
Contract Appeals Board said that
last year he had protested wha<
he called pressure" in an Army
contract case about which Mr.
Adams had requested information.
The former official. Roswell M.
Austin, said that in Mr.. Adams
letter requesting information was
another letter to Mr.. Adams ask
ing "help" for a defunct New
Hampshire textile company which
had been penalized almost $4,000
for late delivery Of contracted
Army cloth in World War II.
A subcommittee Of the House
Armed Services Committee will
open an inquiry into the charge.
behind closed doors, tomorrow.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20

Continued From Page A-2I
confidently expected that, in 1860.
nobody will be reminding the
voters that Eisenhower ended the
war Truman started in Korea"
The foreign and American
press editorially expressed both
approval and disapproval Of what
the West had done. The London
Times said not to intervene
would have been plain dere-
lection Of duty" But Britain's
liberal News Chronicle said:
Britain and America may be
saving Jordan and Lebanon to-
day. They are losing the Middle
East for tomorrow"
American newspapers for the
most part approved of President
Eisenhower's decision to send
troops to Lebanon. Typical of the
disapproval was the editorial dis
sent of the conservative Wall
Street Journal:
And whatever else may be
clear about our immediate action
in the Middle East, there is as
yet no showing that we have any
clear idea of what we will do after
We have applied our force"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20
InCongress:
Defense Bill

Congress. with an apprehensive
eye turned toward the Eastern
Mediterranean, last week went
nervously about the task of clear
ing its still-crowded calendars to
make room for legislation being
moved up from the committees.
The Senate, by an 800 vote.
passed the Defense Department
reorganization bin in q form ac-
ceptable to President Eisenhower,
who had placed the measure high
on his list Of must" legislation
for this session.
The bill now goes to q Senate
House conference for settlement
Of differences between the versions
passed in each house.
OF the three big changes Mr..
Eisenhower sought in the maze
Of defense organization, only one
was approved by the Senate: an
increase in the authority Of the
Secretary of Defense over the in
dividual services.
Other provisions Of the bill as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20
In VKginio:
Reckoning

Virginia, which has successfully
delayed a school indignation crisis
with its massive resistance" pro-
gram. feared last week that a
day Of reckoning is near.
Bolsterihg this fear was word
from the Norfolk School Board.
long under Federal court order TO
integrate its schools. that 1t had
no alternative but TO desegregate
with the fall term, which begins
in six weeks.
In Arlington County. also under
court order to desegregate, group
Of ast-ditch segregationists
opened a private school in an old
house. A sign outside invited pu-
pills TO come In and register" at
the school," which. according TO
the sign. bore the name George
Mason Grammer and Academic
High School.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20

lives the Glamour government.
From this day forward it will be
virtually impossible for friends of
the West to enjoy popular support
or political power in the Near East.
American troops are likely to be
locked into this intervention for a
long time, and our Government
faced with the terrible alternative
of a withdrawal in defeat or a per-
petual occupation.
Senator Morton, Republican Of
Kentucky: The President has
given assurance that our repre-
sentatives Iinl the United Nations
will urge firm action by that body.
so that our troops can be with
drawn as soon as possible.
Senator Bridges, Republican Of
New Hampshire: It would be ir-
rational for the United States and
the free world to put up with the
inability Of the United Nations to
take prompt action. :.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20
House

HR 3. Smith ID. Va bill to
provide that no act of Congress
should be construed as multiplying
State laws on the same subject
unless Congress so specifies or un-
less there is an irreconcilable con-
fiict between q State and Federal
law. Willis ID. La amendment to
include in HR the text Of HR
977. specifying that no subversive
activities law already passed by
Congress should be construed as
invalidating State anti-subversive
laws. Agreed to 249-l47.
FOR: Broyhill, Republican OF virginia,
Harrison and Smith, Democrats Of Viz
ginia. Hyde. Republican Of MARYLAND.
AGAINST; LAngford. Democrat Of Mary
land.
HR 3. Passage Of the bill as
amended. Passed 24l-155.
FOR: Broyhill. Harrison. Smith and HYDE.
AGAINST: Landlord
CBy Congressional ouarteTA
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20
A Woman Crowned
Iroq's First King

gan. a young diplomat she met
while visiting In Teheran. was
heightened by their mutual love
Of the desert. PersiaS nightingales
and gardens. They had been en-
gagged when Henry cadogan died
OF cholera.
She went on alone TO the things
they had planned together. One
was 10 explore the mysterious des-
erts Of Syria. Arabia. Jordan and
Iraq. She mixed this with archae-
ology. and II was on such a trek
she first met the young T. Z. Law
renee. Her travels, alone except for
native caravaneers. led 10 friend
ships with powerful tribal chief
tains. She spoke their language.
understood their customs = and
they called her Daughter Of the
Desert"
intelligence Agent
Gertrude Bells knowledge Of
these areas we're of inestimable
value TO British Intelligence during
the FIRST Great War. Part Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20

passed in the Senate would give
the President power to transfer.
merge or abolish individual serv-
ice functions in time of war; grant
the Defense Secretary authority
to assign weapons to an individual
service; prevent disputes over au-
thority among the top command
ers Of each service, and place re-
search and development for all
services under one director.
The Senate refused to override
its Armed Services Committee in
preserving the individual services
right to appeal on their own to
Congress. The committee also had
rejected another Eisenhower sug-
gestion, that Congress restrict its
own power to transfer or abolish
individual service functions.
The House-passed bill extending
the Reciprocal Trade Agreements
Act, which Mr.. Eisenhower re-
CARDS as vital to American foreign
policy. was debated for the better
part of three days in the Senate
and then put on the shelf until
Tuesday, when a one-hour limita-
ton will be placed on debate.
AS passed by the House. the
bill would extend for five years
the Presidents authority to lower.
under certain conditions, tariffs
on goods entering the United
States. But the Senate Finance
Committee cut the proposed ex-
tension to three years. Friends of
the bill thought they had enough
votes to retain the more liberal
provisions Of the House version.
In other Congressional actions
last week:
. Both houses passed q bill auth
orizing 1887 million for new
atomic energy projects-twice the
amount sought by the President.
The bill was then sent to q con-
ference committee for resolving
slight differences in the Senate
House versions.
Q The Senate passed legislation
creating a civilian-controlled Fed
eral Aviation Agency which would
control airspace for both civil and
military aircraft.
Q The House passed a bill pro-
hibiting the Supreme Court from
multiplying State laws on the basis
that the State law is superseded
by Federal law. There is little
hope the bill can get through the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20
Adams Probe:
New Issue?

Bernard Goldfne. the gifted
giver, gave Washington a fare
well last week and returned not
quite triumphiantly to the more
friendly grounds of New England.
where he makes his homes.
Although he had testified for
eight days before the House Sub
committee on Legislative Over
sight, the committees 1nquisitive
members knew little more about
his tangled affairs than when he
first came to town avowing he had
nothing to hide.
And his activities the last eve
ming he was here we're just about
as mysterious as those $4,000 in
uncashed checks the committee
never cleared up. Mr.. Goldfine's
press agent, Jack Lotto. told re-
porters that the Goldf1nes had
dinner with the Sherman Adamses
the last evening here. Mr.. Gold
fine himself also said that on
Thursday evening he had visited
the home Of the Presidents top
deputy. from whom he has denied
seeking special favors.
But Presidential Press Secre-
,ary James Hagerty said there
must have been some misunder-
standing. He emphatically denied
that the Goldfines visited the
Adamses Thursday night. al
though he did say that Mr.. Adams
had dropped by Mr.. Goldfine's
hotel Friday morning TO bid him
farewell.
, In the final week Of the Gold
fine testimony, the Boston in
duStralist admitted that he had
telephoned Mr.. Adams AZ times at
the White House in one six-month
fAori0d
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20

ligence means and by means Of
modern technology. They are not
met by bazookas and tanks, or
even air power.
There is the probability that the
troops themselves will become a
symbol for Arab Indignation and
q target for new attacks on the
United States.
Senator Thye, Republican Of
Minnesota: I cannot see that the
President could have done other
than what he did in ordering
Marine unit to stand on the soil Of
Lebanon to defend precious Amer
lean lives. I believe that such ac-
ton will make it possible to halt
further aggression, and thereby
give the United Nations organiza-
ton the opportunity to review the
situation and bring about some
order in the Middle East.
Senator Morse, Democrat Of
Oregon: The old regimes Of feudal
overlords are toppling. They can
not be saved with greenbacks. ..
also doubt that they can be
saved with American military
power. =.
There is an old saying that
water and oil will not mix. Neither,
may I say to the American people,
will blood and oil mix. I am not
in favor Of spending American
blood for oil, be it needed in
Europe or elsewhere in the world.
I am for our taking a stand
through the United Nations.
I am proud that in 1857 I
fought the Eisenhower doctrine
on the floor Of the Senate. for the
very reasons which the crisis in
Lebanon has now proved.
Senator Javits, Republican Of
New York: The Presidents action
is an element of self-defense not
only for Lebanon. but for the
United States itself.
It is not easy to be free. Many
people have suffered grave sacri-
fees and lost treasure and blood
long before US in the defense of
freedom.
Senator Jenner. Republican Of
Indiana: Any competent high
school student who had read his
history could have predicted at
that time all developments in
Egypt, Syria, Lebanon. Jordan,
and Iraq today. Everything fol-
lowed according to standard mill
tary principles.
/ do not think men entrusted
with leadership by the American
people have the right to run
around in circles talking about
one crisis after another when
there is nothing new.
Senator Proxmire. Democrat Of
wisconsin: We are no longer Just
on the brink. American troops are
being sent in to defend with theN,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20
WHAT THEY SAY
Comment on the Crisis

Senator Fulbright, Democrat Of
Arkansas: I would be less than
candid were / not to repeat what
have said In the past, namely,
that the United States has had no
long-range policy to serve as a
guide in the day-to-day decisions
which we have had to make. We
have never made the fundamental
policy decision as to whether Arab
Northumberland by Mas
ser-was a force with which we
should try to work. or a force
which we should oppose. AS a
conseQuenc our day-to-day
actions have cavillated between
tempting Arab nationalism with
offers Of assistance and
haunting it with refusals to sell
wheat, refusals to continue CARE
programs. and similar petty
annoyances. 49,.
In most countries the United
States has dealt with princes.
potentates, big businessmen, and
the entrenched. frequently COR
rupt, representatives of the past.
We have not been true in our for
eign policy TO the precept Of our
own Declaration Of Indepen-
dence. -.
Senator Capehart, Republican
Of Indiana: there is tendency
in the United States to say that
everything the United States does
is wrong: that everyone else is
right. but the United States is
always wrong; that it makes no
difference what we do. because we
are always wrong.
II my memory serves me right.
Mr.. Nasser 4. is the same Mr..
Nasser whose skin. the policy
Of the United States, through the
President Of the United States.
saved O few years ago when the
French and British were making
war against him. Now Mr..
Nasser, in appreciation for that
action, is stirring up trouble
throughout the Middle East.
No one seems to take the posi-
ton, which is true and 100 per
cent factual. that Mr.. Nasser is
being promoted and abetted and
encouraged by Russia. 80.
Senator Humphrey. Democrat
Of Minnesota: The problems con-
fronting US in the Middle East
are not susceptible Of military
solution. The landing Of Ameri-
can forces and Marines settles
nothing. The kind Of aggression
taking place in, Lebanon is not
the kind Of aggression which can
be fought by the Marine Corps. ;.
Military forces do not stop the
conspiratorial forces of an under
ground movement. Economic and
political subversion and infiltra-
ton are met by political and eco
spmic means and by counterintel-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20
Senate

HR 1881. Trade Agreements
Extension Act of 1858. Clark ID.
Pa amendment to make the
reciprocal trade program perma-
nent. Rejected 4-85.
FOR: None.
AGAINST: Byrd. Democrat OF virginia,
Robertson, Democrat Of virginia, Bea1.
Republican Of Maryland and Butler
Republican OF Maryland.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20

time she was in Cairo. Baghdad
and Delhi. The Viceroy summoned
her to India for delicate discus
sions about increasing Egypt's
role in the war.
The war over, the old Ottoman
Empire shattered, the political
course Of the area now embracing
modern Iraq hung IN balance. Va
rious promises had been made
but could they be carried out?
Miss Bell and her desert war
riors learned at the Paris Peace
Conference that Britain was to
have a mandate over the new,
yet-to-be born kingdom. But who
was to be king?
BY the time Winston Churchill,
the Secretary of State for Colonies.
called the Cairo Conference a year
later. it was Gertrude Bell who
was calling the signals.
Rivalry for the throne Of Iraq
was fierce. Miss Bell stood firm
for her candidate even in face
of tribal revolt. There was bitter
enmity between Faisars Hashemite
family and King Ibn Saud Of
Saudi Arabia. But Mr.. Churchill
listened. And her choice-Faisal-
was the man.
On her return to Baghdad.
responsibility fell heavy on the
shoulders Of this slim feminine
woman, now in her early fifties.
Talking endlessly to the sheikhs
of various factions. drinking end
less cups Of thick black coffee.
Miss Bell in truth, was practicing
personal diplomacy. The Arabs
trusted and needed. A plebiscite
showed So per cent Of the voters
favored Faisal.
After King Faisal was crowned
on August %. 1921, Miss Bell
wrote a note to a friend back
home in England. We've had
terrific week" she wrote. but
we've got our king crowned"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20

American policy toward the
Middle East has long been a tar
get Of criticism, both here and
abroad. In general, the criticism
has been based on what appear
to be inconsistencies and contra
dictions in the United States
policy toward the reawakening
Middle East since the end Of
World War II.
In l945. American prestige in
the Arab nations was high. There
was no history of American i'm
perialism in the area, as there
was Of British and French colon
ialism. The United States, on the
contrary. was known for its con-
tributions to Arab progress. for
the great success Of the American
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20
BY FRED THEROUx
staF star Writer

49, 8N@R "fsNss
What happened 10 Americas
foreign policy In the Middle East
last week2
over 5000 United States Ma
rines are In Lebanon. British
paratroopers are IN Jordan. with
more on the way. A. French
cruiser lies OF the harbor Of Bel
rut. with other French naval
units nearby. nE
On the border between Iran and
the Soviet Union. and between
Turkey and the Soviet Union,
Russian ground and air forces
said 10 number at least % divi-
sions are engaged In "maneu-
vers" directed by two Marshals.
The surface Of the Black Sea is
being cleayed by prows of Soviet
warships, operating with the
ground and air units In joint oper-
atoms.
In Turkey. Army and Air Force
leaves have been Cancelled and
there is an ominous expectancy
In the atmosphere. Turkish ON
eials are complaining that their
armed forces need assurances OF
greater gasoline and ammunition
supplies. There are rumors, un-
denied ofiicially. that q movement
into Iran or possibly into Iraq Is
only q matter. of hours and United
States approval.
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrush-
ehev. after talking for eight hours
with Egypt's President Dictator
Canal Abdel Nasser. authorized
the Soviet Foreign Ministry to
declare that the Soviet Union
would have to take the necessary
measures dictated by the interests
Of the security Of the Soviet Union
and the preservation Of general
peace" because Of "unprovoked
aggression in q region adjacent to
It's borders"
At the United Nations, the Sc
eurity Council debated. with the
situation painfully plain that the
U. N. faced q crisis for itself, for
It's continued existence, in the face
Of unilateral actions that left
the international organization
fioundering helplessly. In the Of
fice Of Secretary General Dag
Hammarskjold. almost frantic eff
forts were being made TO take con-
troll Of the explosive situation be-
fore It was too late.
Near the Abyss
Thus, after q frenzied week, the
international situation stood on
the edge Of an abyss. Gone was
talk Of world disarmament. The
meeting In Geneva to survey
methods Of controlling q suspen-
sion Of nuclear testing had been
pushed literally OF the world
stage.
Washington and the Western
world are now looking at the
implications Of the fast-moving
counter-action begun by the
Presidents decision to send the
Marines to Lebanon. Both in the
Nations Capital and at the United
Nations there have been grave
doubts expressed as to the wisdom
Of the intervention. But in WASH
ington at least. there are few
voices to criticize the necessity.
The situation, the consensus
seemed to be. had deteriorated to
the point where military action
was the last resort and it had
to be taken now.
Why this fatalistic, hands
spread attitude? Two questions
come quickly: ID What was the
American foreign policy that led
to so dangerous a development,
and ca why is the Iraqi revolt
viewed 80 seriously as to justify
the risk Of World War III?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20

University at Beirut in educating
Arab leaders. for its friendly en-
couragement Of the self-deter-
mination aspirations Of the Arab
peoples.
But also in 1945 began the
Palestine problem--an old prob
lem in q new and more pressing
guise. World Zionism had long
sought the recreation of a ma
tional home for the Jews in
ancient Palestine. Deeply disap-
pointed following World War I by
the cautious policy Of Britain
toward the Zionist movement. the
Palestine Jewish organizations
struck forcibly and fervently after
World War II. The British, still
reluctant to offend the Arabs and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20
NEARBY VOTES

The votes Of the nearby Mary
land and Virginia Legislatures on
major roll calls in Congress last
week.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20
Bipartisan Calls

But in reply to questions from
Republican members Of the panel,
ne said he also had probably
called John Steelman about as
often when My. steelman was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-20

Senate before the present session
ends.