davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Smyrna times., 1958-06-19
IS GRADS SEEK
HIGHER LEVEL
Smyrna Students Win SchOl-
arships, Acceptance
for College
) ENTER NURSING

Larry Vodvarka, Larry Ellery,
Judy Passmore, Bruce Wright,
Carole Wickham, Chester Stach-
ecki, Sylvia Allaband, and Phyllis
Lomax are receiving scholarships
or other aid for advanced educa-
tion. according to announcement
released this week by Smyrna
High School officials. Larry Vod-
varka, one of two 1858 Delaware
National Merit Scholarship win
ners, will receive $3.50 renewable
annually. He will take up engin-
eering at the University of Della
ware. Lawrence Ellery also Jared
well in the National Merit COM
petition. He received a special
certificate which is nationally
known and respected, and will
make any college happy to ad-
NIT him or to give scholarship
aid as needed Larry Will study
engineering at the University of
Delaware. Carole Ann Wickham,
who will pursue the home econ
cmics course at the University of
Delaware, received the Kent
County Home Demonstration
scholarship. This is a grant of
$500 for the freshman year and
a loan of $500 annually for the
next two years. Judy Passmore
received a scholarship of $3.50
from Juniata College and the Van
Gasken award of S291.33, admin
istered by the Smyrna Board Of
Education. Judy will major in
chemistry at Juniata College.
Bruce Wright, who is interested
in chiropody, will take pre-pro-
fessional training at Washington
tContiRued on Page Eight
Smyrna times., 1958-06-19
SCOUT HEADS
UP CONVENTION
Smyrna Woman, State Presi-
dent, to Direct Legion
Auxiliary Farley
WELFARE GIFT MADE

Mrs. George T. Scout, Smyrna,
will preside at the 37th annual
convention of the American Leg
ion Auxiliary at Milford June 81
%, climaxing year as president
of the Department of Delaware.
During her term of Office she has
attended the national convention
in Atlantic City; the presidents
and secretaries conference in In
dianapolis, Ind, and the Rehabili-
tation and Child Welfare Confer
ence at West Point, N. Y. She
has assisted with the organiza-
tion of four new units in the
state: Seaford, Georgetown, Sell
byville, and Camden-Wyoming,
and installed the officers of sew
enteen of the twenty-six units in
the state. Smyrna has been re-
presented on the state level in
many phases of auxiliary work.
Mrs. Grant G. Garis is depart
ment secretary, an Office she has
held for six years; Mrs. Francis
]. O'Neill, Sr., is chairman of the
Girls State program; and Mrs.
Edward Everhart is music chair
man. Mrs. Scout has had as her
project this year gift to the
State Welfare Home of an ad-
Unstable magnifying floor light to
be used in the treatment room.
Delegates at large to the conven-
tion from the Auxiliary to the
David c. Harrison Post No. IA,
American Legion will be Mrs.
Scout, Mrs. Garis, Mrs O'Neill,
Mrs. Everhart, Mrs. George B.
David, unit president; and Mrs.
Clay Bailey, unit secretary. The
elected delegates are Mrs. Lloyd
Pleasanton, Mrs. Leonard Pleas
anton, Mrs. Howard Deakyne and
Mrs. Ollie F. Loose; alternates:
Mrs. Lex FAIRIES, Mrs. Albert
O'Neal, Mrs. Vernon Ford, and
Mrs. Oscar Leager. The conven-
ton will convene at 10 am. June
21. Mrs. Garis and Mrs. David
will serve on the credentials COM
mittee. Mrs. Edward Everhart
will sing at memorial service
for members of the auxiliary de-
ceased during the past year. She
has organized a choral group, in
cluding several from Smyrna
Smyrna times., 1958-06-19
Grangers Plan July Outing

At a meeting of the Smyrna
Grange on Thursday, June 26 at
SIS pm, plans will be made for
the July covered dish supper, an
annual event of the grangers.
The Smyrna Grange award of a
S25 defense bond for the best stu
dent in agriculture was presented
to Donald Davis at the awards
assembly at the high school by
Mrs. Francis ]. O'Neill, Sr.
Smyrna times., 1958-06-19
CLAYTON VIEW HONORED
Membership Award Bestowed On
Post at Convention

Delegates from the Newman
Lee-Urban Post 1901, Veterans of
Foreign Wars at the 28th VFW
convention held at Lewes Satur-
day were Merritt Haley, Lester
Smith, Albert Kershaw, Ralph
Berghorn, George Barnes, and
Harry Shirey. Members of the
Auxiliary to the VFW post at
tending their convention included
Mrs. June Short, Mrs. Marie
Cooper, Mrs. Jewell Burke, Miss
Mary Burke, Mrs. Peggy Carson,
and Mrs. Nora Smith. The post
received one hundred percent
membership award, the William
Ellison m m orial membership
award, also the community SER
vice citation. An increased MEM
bership, greater service to the
community and continued work
for veterans benefits were set as
the aims of the new officers of
the Department of Delaware,
VFW. William A. Mazzetta, Will
mington, and Mrs. Edna Fulton,
Woodcrest, were named as state
VIEW commander and state aux
iliary president. Mr.. Mazzetta is
a member of the Gen. w. w. At
terbury Post, Wilmington, and
Mrs. Fulton of the Diamond State
Auxiliary, Richardson Park. The
work of renovating the post is
progressing and some painting
and grading is to be done out
side, and painting about to start
in the interior. Work is scheduled
for almost any evening. Members
who can help are asked to come
to the post home in Clayton, or
contact the commander.
Smyrna times., 1958-06-19
Death of Frank F. Venski

Frank F. Venski, 70, a native
of Poland, who had made his
home with Lee w. David near
Taylor's Bridge for twenty-nine
years, died on June Is. He had
been a naturahzed citizen of the
United States since Sept. 10,
1921. Funeral services were held
Wednesday, June Is at 1:30 pm.
at FAIRIES Funeral Chapel, Smyr-
ma With interment at Odd Eel
lows Cemetery. The Rev. Robert
F. Loss, pastor of the Odessa
NJ thodist Church, officiated.
There are no survivors.
Smyrna times., 1958-06-19
AUXILIARY FEEDS SOLDIERS
Firemen Aides to Prepare Meal
for Guard Caravan

The regular meeting of the
Ladies Auxiliary of the Citizens
Hose Company was held Monday
night with twenty members pre-
sent. Mrs. Ruth Leager, presi-
dent, conducted the business ses-
sion. Miss Sari Brinsheld, of Sea-
ford, past president of the Aux
iliary of the Delmarva Volunteer
Firemen's Association, was a Wis
itor at the meeting. The Auxili-
ary will hold a picnic on Sunday,
July 13 at Colchester, Md. Any
one wishing to go is asked to be
at the fire house at $3.50 am. A
luncheon will be served by the
auxiliary on Sunday, July 20 for
a National Guard battalion COM
ing from Bristol, Pa, enroute to
Lewes, Del. Plans are being made
for the state convention to be
held in Smyrna Sept. 1920.
Smyrna times., 1958-06-19
Death of Mrs. Katherine Arthurs

Funeral services for Mrs. Kath-
crime D. Arthurs, Wilmington,
former Kenton resident, will be
held at the FAIRIES Funeral Chapel
this afternoon, June 10, at 2 pm.
The Rev. w. H. Revelle, Jr., pas
tor of Asbury Methodist Church,
Smyrna, will officiate. Interment
will be in Lakeside Cemetery, at
Dover. Mrs. Arthurs died in Will
mington June 16. She was the
daughter of the late Edwin
Downs and Martha Slaughter
Downs, both of Delaware, and the
widow of the late John w. Arth-
urs, of Kenton. She is survived
by two daughters, Mrs. Emily A.
Deakyne, Smyrna, and Mrs. Nam
cy A. Walker, Perryville, Md; a
Miss Nancy A. Ennis,
Smvrna; and three sisters, Mrs.
Edith D. Fisher, East Lansing,
Mich; Miss Ann w. Downs,
Smyrna; and Mrs. Rachel D. Gar
rison, Wilmington.
Smyrna times., 1958-06-19
Jitterbugs Win Trophies

Trophies were awarded to the
two winning couples at the final
in the series of jitterbug contests
held by the Treble Clef last Fri
day night. The first award went
to Buzzy Rogers and Norma
Blendt, and the second to James
Persinger and Norma Jane Brit
tingham. The contest which ran
several weeks met with enthusi-
astic response by the teenagers.
The judges at the final contest
were Mr.. and Mrs. Henry R.
Shapley and Mr.. Reynolds Brad
lev.
Smyrna times., 1958-06-19
Death of Mrs. Fanny e. Hirons

Funeral services were held foI
Mrs. Fanny Evans Hirons on
Monday, June 16 at 4:30 pm. at
st. Peters Church, with the Rev
F. Sydney Bancroft, rector, Off
ciating. Interment at Odd Fellows
Cemetery. Her death occurred on
Friday, June 13. She was the
daughter of the late Joseph and
Mary Cheffins Evans, both of
Delaware. She had spent all of
her life in Smyrna and was a
member of st. Peters Church.
The survivors include a son, M.
Leslie Hirons, of Philadelphia; a
daughter, Mrs. Olive Hirons
Stats, Smyrna; also a grandson,
Leslie Hirons, Jr., Philadelphia.
Smyrna times., 1958-06-19
TOWN ENACTS
PARKING BAN
Sewer Extension Pondered ;
Street Painting Completed;
Manager to Visit Texas
HIRE STREET SWEEPERS

At the regular meeting of
Smyrna Town Council Friday
night, with all members and May
or George M. Blendt present, a
report was made by Councilman
John E. Wilson III of a meeting
of the water and sewer and f.
nance committees. The cost of
work on streets and sewers We're
reviewed and a financial study
was submitted, with recommended
tions. The proposals of the COM
mittee included four points: 1.
That the town would receive bids
for trunk line sewers for the
southwest section in August,
1858; 2. Town would borrow
$4,000 in 1859 to help cover cost
of trunk sewer; 8. Negotiate with
Fred Wilson, developer, for S4,-
500 cash settlement for sewer
trunk line; 4. The town to extend
laterals with use of town crews.
Council voted to accept the
amendment to the ordinance en-
titled: stopping, Standing, or
Parking Vehicles in Specified
Places, to read: 1T shall be un-
lawful to park any vehicle on
Union Street between Mt. Vernon
Street and Commerce Street ex-
cept said vehicle be parked par
allied and within one foot of the
easterly curb or side of Union
Street between the aforemention-
ed streets" This will be effective
July 1. Town Manager Rex D.
Gilmore reported that the town
had received from Civil Defense
1888, the towns share for the
auxiliary electric generator at
the fire house. Mr.. Gilmore also
gave a report on his attendance
at the Maryland and Delaware
Water and Sewage Association
meeting held in Frederick, Md,
which was attended by 300 per-
sons. The town manager also re-
ported that the painting 27,200
running feet of stripping lines for
parking, marking curbs, drive
ways, and fireplugs had been
completed. Three men have been
put to work as street sweepers
to cover the thirteen miles of
the towns streets. Council auth
orized the replacement of the
boom on the line truck used by
the electric crew with hydraulic
operated unit. Mr.. Gilmore was
also authorized to make arrange
ments to attend the 44th annual
city managers conference to be
held at Dallas, Texas October 49,
%. Council decided to pave the
street between Diamond Supply
and the Pennsylvania Railroad
without curb and gutter The
town manager reported that at
tendance has been good at the
municipal beach at Lake Como,
which is supervised by two life
guards, Karl Gebhart and Ben
Solloway, under Mr. Gilmore's di-
rection. Things are operating
smoothly at the beach, with the
guards on hand from 10 am. to
9 pm. DR.. c. ]. Prickett, men,
ber of the town Board of Health,
and Mr.. Gilmore will look at the
property owned by Oliver Cover
dale on East Commerce Street,
checking on conditions reported
at the previous council meeting,
and report will be made at the
next meeting of council on Fri
day, June q.
Smyrna times., 1958-06-19
Mofitt Taxi Again Active

S. Allan (Reds) Moffitt was
authorized by the Public Service
Commission last week to operate
a taxi service in Smyrna and an
area within six miles of the town
line. He will begin operations
with one radio-equipped cab. Mof-
fit previously was in the local
taxi business for several years.
Smyrna times., 1958-06-19
Homemakers Meet Tomorrow

A meeting of the Smyrna
Homemakers Club will be held
tomorrow at 8 pm. at the home
of Mrs. Arthur CHM, with Mrs.
William George as co-hostess.
Mrs. John Sheridan and Mrs.
CHM will be the leaders and the
topic will be cake decorating.
The Homemakers Club awards
for proficiency in homemaking
were given to two high school
students, Alice Mae David and
Kay Jarman at the awards as
sembly on the final day of school
The presentation was made by
Mrs. Margaret M. O'Neill.
Smyrna times., 1958-06-19
Smyrna Insurance Man in NY.

Robert Davis, Smyrna, repre-
sentative of the Metropolitan
Life Insurance Company, is in
Lake George today for a business
conference with officials of the
company at the Sycamore Hotel.
Mr.. Davis had an exceptional
sales and service record last year
and is among the top-ranking
members of the Metropolitan's
staff of almost 25,000 field repre-
sentatives in the United States
and Canada.
Smyrna times., 1958-06-19
GoIdens at West Coast Farley

Mr.. and Mrs. Martin Golden
left by plane from Philadelphia
airport on Sunday for Los An
geles, Cal, where Mr.. Golden will
attend sessions of the convention
of the national Junior Chamber
of Commerce, as national di-
rector. They will stay at the Ho-
tel Statler and expect to return
by air next Sunday. Mrs. Golden
and Mrs. Ray Becker, of Will
mingon, wife of the newly-elected
state Jaycee president, are the
only women in the delegation of
Jaycees attending the convention.
Smyrna times., 1958-06-19
BPW Dine at Granary

The Smyrna Clayton Business
and Professional Women's Club
will hold the final meeting of the
club year at The Gran ary,
Georgetown, Md, next Monday
evening, June %. Members should
make reservations with Miss Ruth
Ellen Reihm, $500.
Smyrna times., 1958-06-19
WINS NURSING GRANT

Wilmington Rotary Names Caro-
lyn Reynolds Recipient
The Woman's Auxiliary to the
Delaware Medical Society helped
screen the candidates for the full
three-year paid scholarship pre-
sented by the Rotary Club of Will
mington. The scholarship is for
training at Memorial Hospital,
Wilmington, and was announced
at the awards assembly at Smyr-
ma High School last Friday as
awarded to Carolyn Reynolds and
was based on scholarship and
personal interview.
Smyrna times., 1958-06-19
Clayton w.s.C.s. Meets Tuesday

The Woman's Society of Chris
tian Service of Ewell's-St. Paul
Church will meet on Tuesday,
June "a at s pm. The hostesses
will be Mrs Harold Wiley, Mrs.
Helen Jones, and Mrs. Bertha
Burris.
Smyrna times., 1958-06-19
RebelSahs Meet Before Recess

Laura Rebekah Lodge No. IL
will hold its last meeting before
beginning summer recess next
Monday evening, June %. The
session will be preceded by COW
cred dish supper. All members are
requested to attend this final
meeting.
The Arizona post., 1958-06-27

rights and other civil rights.
1t asked Congress to enact
new legislation to help COM
munities trying to end racial
segregation, and ask for more
laws in states and cities to
protect equality in housing,
education, and employment.
1t also urged liberalization of
the national immigration pol
icy, particularly replacement
of the nation-origins quota
system.
THE ATE M E N T de-
nounced the Arab boycott of
American business as inter
national intimidation and de-
manded that the United States
government take effective
steps against it. 1t expressed
the conviction that peace in
the Middle East depends upon
the development of a plan for
the economic and political de-
velopment of the whole area,
and urged that the U. S. Gov
ernment take initiative in Gre
ating conditions for a just
and stable peace in that re-
gion by guaranteeing all ma
tons there against aggressive
attack and supporting a com
prehensive plan Tor economic
development.
David L. Ullman, Philadel.
phia attorney and Jewish
civic leader, was reelected
chairman of the National
Community Relations Advis-
ory Council for a second
term. All other officers also
were reelected.
The Arizona post., 1958-06-27
Only 1000 Jews In YUgoslovio

main, according to DR.. Jac-
ques Confino, chairman OF
the Jewish community in Bel
grade and prominent Yugo-
Slav writer.
Only 10000 of the pre-War
Yugoslav Jews remained llV-
ing after World War II, DR..
Confino said in All interview
with the Yiddish daily, Die
Folkshtimme. Many of these
were saved from annihilation
by the Nazis when Yugoslav
partisans liberated them from
an island in the Adriatic Sea
where they were guarded by
Italian fascists. Later, about
5000 of them left Yugoslavia,
most of them going to Israel.
The Arizona post., 1958-06-27

SAMUEL GOODWIN has decided upon Todd
40 as the process in which he will film George Gersh-
wins "Porgy and Bess" "Todd-AO has all the visual
qualities of the most advanced widescreen systems
Goldwyn states "and in addition the vastly superior
quality of its six-track sereophonc sound is vital
consideration. Using ToddAO will add 81 100000 or
over to the cost of the picture but feel that it will
add immeasurably to the effectiveness of the produc
tion"
"Porgy and Bess' will be the fourth picture made
in Todd-AO the others having been Around The
World in 80 Days. "Oklahoma, and South Pacific.
JERRY LEWIS, whose production of "Rock-a-
ByeBaby" will be released soon, has left for London
and an engagement at the Palladium. In England
he was special guest at luncheon of the London
Variety Club where us. Ambassador John Hay Whit
new received the Clubs honor.
The Arizona post., 1958-06-27

of the country.
THE STATEMENT reaf-
firmed the commitment of
the Jewish organizations to
work for equal opportunity
and full citizenship rights for
all, regardless of race, reli-
gion or color. 1t urged vigor-
Gus action by the Justice De-
partment to protect voting
The Arizona post., 1958-06-27
Hollywood Report:
Jewish Boy Scores A Hit
In Ten North Frederick
By HERBERT G. LUFT

HOLLYWOOD-Stuart Whitman local Jewish
boy who only recently made his screen debut in the
title role of Johnny Trouble gives truly remark
able performance in "Ten North Frederick" as the
impetuous Latin lover Charley Bongiorno playing op
poste Diane Vars the youthful heroine of the movie.
The highly controversial picture based on John
OHaras best seller depicts the most outspoken scenes
of illicit sex seen on the screen in many year.
The Arizona post., 1958-06-27
SAM KAUFMAN prepares for productio

SAM KAUFMAN prepares for production "The
Last Btzkrieg" original screenplay by Lou Nor
helm dealing with the career of a German spy, of
a general who infiltrated American lines during the
Battle of the Bulge in World War II. Arthur Drefuss
set to direct the Columbia feature with Van John
son playing the lead The schedule calls for months
location work in Holland after which the troupe will
move to France for an additional two weeks.
The Arizona post., 1958-06-27

VIENNA (JTA) = Out of
$4,000 Jews who lived before
World War II in present-day
Yugoslavia, only 1000 re-
The Arizona post., 1958-06-27
NCRAC Reoffirn1s Stand
On Equal Opportunity

BOSTON (JTA)-A statement of for Jewish
community relations agencies during the coming
adopted this week the close of the 18th plenary
sion National Community Relations Advisory Council
which attended by $50 communal leaders from all parts
The Arizona post., 1958-06-27
PRODUCTION in all phases of work on S

PRODUCTION in all phases of work Samuel
Goldwyns "Porgy and Bess" swung into high gear
this week 80 artists and craftsmen abored at the
Goldwyn Studio on the George Gershwn musical.
Fifty singers will join the 1O5 musicians pre-re
cording the famous under direction of composer
conductor Andre Prevn. dozen artisans are at work
on preparation for costumes for 'Porgy and Bess,"
designed by Irene Sharaff, twice Academy Award
winner for 'The King and r and can American in
Paris"
The Arizona post., 1958-06-27
CHANA EDEN, an Israeli actress now in H

CHANA EDEN, an Israeli actress now in Holly
wood, makes her screen debut in the Schuberg pro-
duction of "Across the Everglades" " much of which
was photographed on location in Florida Budd, the
famed novelist has teamed up with his brother Stu
art who only recently returned from ten years of
movie production in Europe They have followed in
the footsteps of their father P Schulberg by estab
fishing their own motion picture company
The Arizona post., 1958-06-27

HARRY COHN, head of Columbia Pictures, has
revtaized plans to produce Joseph and His Breth-
ren" Frank Capra, Academy Award winning screen
director will return to activity with this broad Bbli-
cal work. Capra currently is revising Clifford Odets
scenario in preparation for casting and work
early next year.
Evening star., 1958-07-13
cIRcLINc TIE COUNTRYSIDE
Parties Surround
Yearling Previews

solemnity usually confined to
church, until Humphrey Fin
ney shouted "On TO Liangol-
lent"
The climax Of the preview
came at Mrs. George Green
halgh's Springsbury Farm
near Berryville, where lunch
was served on the lawn before
Mrs. Greenhalgh's five year.
lings with 10 consigned by
Tyson and Kenneth Gilpin's
Kentmere Farm. were shown.
Watching and Waiting
A slightly impatient group,
who did not so over the
mountain to lunch. sat on the
bluegrass which Queen Elifa-
beth had trod last fall, watt
ing at Paul MELONS Middle
burg training track for the
afternoons choice yearlings.
A pin could have been heard,
dropped in straw, as the
magnificent product Of Mrs.
d. N. Lees stables and Mrs.
George Harrison's Blue Ridge
Farm were paraded in front
Of the stables. led by sleeked-
up stable boys. MRS. Harri-
sons son, William Grayson:
his wife Janet, Mrs. A. c.
Randolph. her daughter Nina
Winthrop. Mrs. Eugenia
Bankhead. Mrs. Hickey
Ohrstrom. who lunched at
the Irving Eldredges; Hubert
Phipps. Winifred Maddux,
Emory Schwab. down from
Long Island, and a number
Of others. including Col
umnist Nancy Lee, who
stopped to wade in q bubbling
brook between Greenhalgh's
and the training track.
Some of them dropped out,
but others were added as the
group went back toward Up-
perville to the Taylor Hardins
Newstead Farm. The seven
Newstead yearlings looked as
though they had been rubbed
down with pine oil as they
minced and glistened in the
late afternoon sun. AS the
last fllly was led back to her
stall, the last of her admirers
wandered over to the Hardins
lovely old home for cocktails.
Some of them stayed in the
dining room with the hot
biscuits, Virginia ham, thin
sandwiches. iced tea and bar,
but others were more en-
chanted with Tatine Hardin's
magnificent flower garden
behind the terrace.
AS an aperitif, unexpected
and not on the planned tour,
Mrs. Isabel Dodge Sloan in
vited what remained of the
audience over to Brookmeade
to see her yearlings, which
are not slated for Saratoga
but will be sold privately.
Evening star., 1958-07-13
BY DOLORES PHILLIPS

Special Writer for The star
There Is no group more
qualified. or experienced. at
mixing work and play than
the thoroughbred horse
breeders Of Virginia.
Having learned that a
cocktail In the hand Of a
prospective buyer is some
times worth q check in the
bank. these experts on blood
lines gave the buying public
q two-day preview Of their
top yearlings. adroitly soften
ing the mood Of the previewer
with iuncheons. cocktail
parties and q barbecue.
These yearling colts and
fillies, bred for the August
Saratoga Sales (unless
snapped up during the tour /,
were sons and daughters Of
such sires as Never Say Die,
Citation. imported Ambiorix.
imported Tulyar. Native
Dancer. Endeavour II,
Khaled, Shut Out, Hasty Road
and other notable stations.
The first debut on the Vir-
ginia tour was at the Whit
ney Stones Morven Stud at
Charlottesville. d. Farley
Cox. jr., and Mrs. E.. H.
Augustus Joined Mr.. Stone in
showing their yearhngs. The
party moved on to the c.
McGhee Baxters' The Bar
racks. also near Charlottes-
vile, where 10 Of the Bax-
ters' yearlings and two be-
longing to Walter D. Fletcher,
we're paraded.
Buyers and Kibitzers
The ever-growing group Of
serious buyers and serious
kihitzers stopped on for
lunch at the Melville Church
u's North Cliff Farm at
Rixeyville. where they were
shown consignments from
DR.. and Mrs. r. A. OKeefes'
Pine Brook Farm, the Ken
meth Edwards Fenton Farm,
as well as the numerous pol
ished offerings from North
Chd. Included was one lone
colt belonging to probably
the youngest consignor to
Saratoga, the Churchs'
daughter Margaret.
The first days tour was
topped on by a barbecue at
the H. M. Dancers Kinloch
near The Plains, given by
Mrs. Mollie Cullum, and the
Dancers, who divide their
time between their vast Vjr-
ginia estate and New York
City.
Rested, the tour continued
the next day at Sue Burke's
Benton Farm Stables, where
Jim Wiley's well stacked
yearlingS were viewed with q