davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montgomery County sentinel., 1958-12-31
BY 1860
Segregation
End is Seen
from, P. I

now the only remaining all-Negto
secondary school, to some oNGer
use by the fall of 1860. ~
Here is. breakdown, area by
area Of Buldette'y blueprint fcr
! the elementary school integra-
ton:
Boyds-PoOIesvilIe area: "a Par
tial integration next fall of pupils
from Taylor into Clarksburg,
Dickerson and Poolesville schools
tsome Negroes already attend
Germantown (2) Completion of
integration by fall of 1860, or as
soon as necessary facilities can
be built at all five schools (esti-
mated cost, $995,000).
i Gather burg LaytOnsvilIe :
Damascus area: "a Total deseg-
regation of Longview by fall of
1859, with reassignment of pupils
there to Gaithersburg, Washing
ton Grove, Laytonsville, Damas-
- 40 anu tAlC pldIlifcQ new OcudT
Grove-Woodfield schools. (2) Con-
struction of additional facilities
at Washington Grove, Laytons-
vile and Damascus ESTIMATED
cost, $475. .900).
Rockville area: "a Transfer of
nine children from Rock Terrace
to Ashburton next fall. (2) Trans
gfer of the remaining Rock Ter
race children to other area schools
in 1860, or as soon as added ia
cilities can be provided at Dar-
nestown, Potomac, West Rockville
and a new 16-room Travilah
School (estimated cost, 1926, ,0OO).
Sandy Spring-SherwoOd area:
"a Transfer of about 100 Negro
pupils next fall from Sandy
Spring to Olney, Burtonsville and
Sherwood schools. (2) Complete
desegregation by fall of 1860, or
as soon as needed facilities can
be constructed at Burtonsville,
Colesville, Olney and Sherwood
ESTIMATED cost, about $800,000).
Montgomery County sentinel., 1958-12-31
Deadline to Apply for z
Scholarships is Jan. 9

Montgomery High School. Seven
four-year scholarships have been
allotted Montgomery County.
Each is worth $1,000.
The scholarships are awarded
by the Maryland State Depart
ment of Education. Winners
must give bond that they will
teach in Maryland public schools
a minimum of two years after
they graduate from college. Thir-
teen State colleges will accept
scholarship winners.
Applications for the examina-
tion may be obtained from any
county high school principal who
will also accept completed appli-
cations. Applications also may
be filed at any high school in the
county.
Applicants must be legal resi-
dents of the county and be either
high school seniors expecting to
graduate next June or graduates.
College students also are eligible.
Montgomery County sentinel., 1958-12-31

Memorial Hospital the past
month.
Mrs. C. Edgar Knill entertained
q members and guests of the
Sunshine Glass of Poolesville Me
mortal Methodist Church at her
home in Sellman, December 16. A
trimmed tree and gaily decorated
home formed seasonal backdrop
for refreshments and an exchange
of gifts distributed by Mrs. Dan
iel Breeden as Santa Claus.
Russell Umstead, Poolesville, is
spending the Christmas holidays
with his grandparents in Florida:
Mrs. Bertha Holt in Tampa and
Mr.. and Mrs. c. B. Norton in
Port Orange.
A luncheon meeting of the
Poolesville Garden Club was held
at the home of Mrs. Allen P.
Horn, Poolesville, December 16,
Members, showing much original
ity, displayed handmade Christ
mas decorations and trimmings
for table, home and doors. The
club will next meet with Mrs.
Rozier Bodmer, Poolesville, on
January 20.
Mr.. and Mrs. G.. Best Linthi-
cum, Beallsville, joined other
members of the family Christmas
Day at the home of Mr.. and Mrs
William D. Cochran, Beltsville,
who were also hosts to Mr.. and
Mrs. Raymond Garner Butt, Ur.
hama, and Mr.. and Mrs. j. VIII
liam Strine, Lewistown.
Montgomery County sentinel., 1958-12-31

the December 21 tree-lighting
party on DIR, Bird rd. Families liv,
ing along that road annually get
together to put lights on the beau.
tiful tall tree in front Of the home
of Mrs. r.. B. Thomas for the
enjoyment of all who pass by
Then the neighbors have a joint
buffet supper at one of the
homes. This year Mr.. and Mrs,
Henry Stabler were hosts for the
supper.
On Christmas eve Mr.. and Mrs.
Ellis w. Manning entertained at
their home. Their son and daugh-
ter.in-law, the Ellis Mannings, jr.,
with their three small children
are spending the holidays with
them.
1t. Cdr. and Mrs. Give Law
renee invited friends on Christ
mas afternoon to their home near
Burtonsville. The Lawrences left
the next day to spend few days
with relatives in Princeton, N. J,
Also entertaining on Christmas
afternoon at their annual party
were Mr.. and Mrs. Kenelm Dal-
lam. This years reception at Pen.
Y-Bryn honored their son and his
bride, Mr.. and Mrs. Frederick
Duvall Dallam. She is the former
Miss Eleanor Lloyd Baker of Bal
timore.
Their annual Christmas morn
ing party was given by Mr.. and
Mrs. Richard w. Janney at Brooke
Meadow.
Mr. and Mrs. William Kricker's
party on Saturday afternoon at.
tracted a great many neighbor.
hood people. Also ON Saturday
the Emory MAYORS had a party
at their Norwood rd. home.
On Sunday afternoon Mr.. and
Mrs. r. Lauck Benson were "at
home" to their friends, MIR. and
Mrs. William Spencer, who live
on DR.. Bird rd., also had an
after five party on Sunday.
Among holiday visitors are Mr..
and Mrs. Harold p. Stetson of
Montgomery County sentinel., 1958-12-31
Twinbrook
Yuh Tree
burning
SET BY Tea
BY Joan j. Stern
Garden 4-9597

Twinbrook Citizens Association
will hold a Burning of the
Green's" Monday at 7:3O pm.
Trash trucks will pick up trees
of all Twinbrook residents at their
homes.
James w. Rowe is chairman
for the evening, assisted by John
Curling. Walter O'Conner, Albert
Muller, Daniel Karsner and Bru-
no Paluch.
Cub Scout Pack 483 was the
hit of the season with the Mont
gomery County Christmas Bu-
reau. These young men not only
earned money, bought brand-new
toys, they also gift wrapped
them. Volunteers at the Christ
mas Bureau have been sitting up
into the wee hours wrapping
presents from other donors who
didn't think to gift wrap them.
The boys also made ornaments
for a tree which they used to dec
orate the Field House for their
Christmas party. They will do
nate the tree and ornaments to a
local needy family.
Young Miss Merrie Dayle Duf.
fly was hostess to IL of her
friends at buffet supper cele-
brating her 10th birthday. Mer-
rie Dayle is the daughter of Bill
and Arlene Duffy.
Although her birthday is De
cember 25 she always celebrates
it earlier, to separate the birth
day presents from the Christmas
presents.
In preparation for the party
Merrie Dayle spent the afternoon
at the beauty parlor having her
hair set. For the party she wore
Montgomery County sentinel., 1958-12-31
New Rt. 24O Link
Cuts Driving Time

Scores of workers at the Ma
tional Institutes of Health, Be-
thesda, have reported that open
ing of rt. 240 from Montrose to
Old Georgetown nd. two weeks
ago has cut travelling time from
points north of Rockville to Be-
thesda by as much as IS minutes.
Formerly, a left-right dogleg
down Montrose rd. and back down
Old Georgetown I'd. added extra
driving time.
Montgomery County sentinel., 1958-12-31

Mt Hermon, Mass who are
spending several days with their
son-in-law and daughter, Mr.. and
Mrs. r. B. Farquhar.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ullrich Hutton
have with them their son and
daughter-in-law, Mr.. and Mrs.
Thomas Hutton, and grandchil.
dren Gwen and George. The
younger Huttons live out in Wash.
ington State.
Miss Carrie Vanderslice spent
some of the holiday period with
her sister, Mrs. Iris Beall. Mrs.
Beall entertained at bridge for her
sister on Friday evening.
1t. Grosvenor Beebe is home
for the holidays with his parents,
DR.. and Mrs. S. o. Beebe.
A New England Christmas was
spent by Mr.. and Mrs. Hewitt
Fletcher and their three sons,
who visited relatives near Bos-
ton over the holidays.
Mrs. George Coffee had a baby
shower on Saturday morning in
honor of little Miss Peggy Sue
Conner, adopted baby daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. James II. Conner.
This Friday, January 2, is the
date of the first of the series of
lectures on Music Appreciation
by Raymond Havens. 1t will be
at the Community Library at s
pm. and all who are interested
will be welcome.
Montgomery County sentinel., 1958-12-31

Application deadline for the
Teacher Education Scholarships
examination is January 9. the
Montgomery County School
Board announced this week.
The examination will be held
at 10 am. February Z at Richard
Montgomery County sentinel., 1958-12-31
Sandy Spring
Sandy Spring
ManyHOM
Holiday
Parties
Margaret #. AdeIfiO
Walker 4-3S03

Christmas lights and decora-
tions seem gayer than usual this
year and so does the holiday
party schedule.
Christmas week started with
Montgomery County sentinel., 1958-12-31
BY Gov. McKeldin

A Gaithersburg gardener
received an unusual Christ
mas present from Governor
Evening star., 1958-07-13

finish in silk. It literally
means "angel skin"
Gr0s de L0ndres (gr0w de
LOndra)-- Glossy, lightweight
silk fabric woven with hori-
zontal ribs.
Poult de sole (pOolt de
swah) Ribbed silk slightly
heavier than gros de Londres.
Sequins - Metal convex
disks used for trimming.
PaiIIettes (pie ettes) -
Small, fiat and glittering
disks, usually sewn to lie fiat
like flsh-scales.
BugIe beads - Tube-like
beads used for embroidery.
Tartan pIaid-Any plaid in
distinctive design of a Scotch
Highland clan.
Paisley-A decorative pat
tern originally used in Paisley
Shawls made in Paisley, Scot
Evening star., 1958-07-13
FASHION ROUNDUP
Know Your Styles
By Their Terms

One way to appreciate the
new in fashion Is 10 know
the terms the designers are
using to designate the
changes being made on the
1858 fall and winter fashion
scene. Here are some Of them
compiled by the couture
members Of the New York
Dress Institute:
Trapeze-The Dior silhou-
cite Of spring. 1858. which
flares out sharply below the
shoulders, somewhat like q
child's dress. The name Is
derived from the geometrical
figure. trapezoid, a pyramid
with a fiattened top.
FIOunce-A full, gathered
section at the base Of q skirt.
Bateau neckline (bat-o)--
Boat-shaped, high in front
and back, pointed at shoul-
ders.
COwl neckline-Soft drape
Of self-material at the neck
line.
COwI back - Similar dra-
perry at the back Of the dress.
Ascot cOllar-A collar with
long ends to be looped over
like q scarf.
BlOusOn - Overblouse held
in at the bottom with q
drawstring.
Raglan sleeve -- A sleeve
cut with slanting seams from
neck to under the arm.
Sling collar - Outstanding
collar made of one continue
Gus band Of fabric.
SmOck cut-Coat or dress
gathered full below a yoke.
Harenl skirt - Full skirt
gathered under the heInline
like harem trousers.
MOhair tweed - Looped,
brushed tweed made Of wool
and the hair Of the mohair
goat.
Loop tweed-wool tweed
with a looped surface.
French knot tweed-Tweed
with nubbed effect like
French knots woven in.
BOucle (bOo-clay) Woven
or knitted fabric that has
q smooth raised surface.
MateIlasse (mat-lassay)-
Soft silk fabric with raised
woven designs in blistered
effect.
Lame (la-may) - Fabric
woven Of fiat gold or silver
metal thread, often with a
design against a sheer silk
background.
Warp-printed silks (satin,
taffeta, faille) - Patterned
silks with a design printed
on the vertical warp threads
of the loom before weaving,
producing a blurred, soft eff
feet in the print.
Cut velvet-Satin or taf-
feta with a raised pattern
Of velvet.
Coupe de velour (cOop-de-
elOOr)-Same as cut velvet.
SOuffle (sO0- 0-flay)-Puffed.
up fabrics or drapery.
Ottoman siIk-Heavy fab
ric with wide fiat ribs ex-
tending from selvage to sell
wage.
EpOnge (ay-ponj) - Soft,
loosely woven, spongy silk.
Peau DANCE (p0-danj) -
Waxy, smooth, gardenia-like
Evening star., 1958-07-13
Miss WiSsIer
To Be Murried

DR.. and Mrs. Edwin Wiss-
Ter announce the engagement
of their daughter Anne Eve
lyn to 1t. Roger Walter STALL
kamp, USAF, son Of MFR. and
Mrs. Albert Leo Stallkamp
Of South Pasadena. Calf,
Miss Wissler attended RAM
dolph-Macon Women's Col
lege and Is a graduate Of
Katharine Gibbs.
1t. Stallkamp attended
Pasadena City College and is
q graduate Of the United
States Naval Academy.
A December wedding Is
planned. ~
Evening star., 1958-07-13
IT'SADATE
TUESDAY


American OsteOpathic As
ISOLATION members wives will
attend q tea and fashion
show at the Sheraton-park
Hotel at 8 pm. The Embassy
Of the Dominican Republic
will show native costumes at
the event. Wives Of the
Dominican attaches will be
honor guests at the event
presented by the Models
Guild. Selma's fashions and
Jacque-Lynn millinery will
star. Mr.. Alan hairstyleS, and
William Hahn shoes will also
be fashion attractions.
THURSDAY
Hecht's presents its Bridal
Fashion Show. Sd floor,
Washington store, with a
bridal party theme Of
Stained Glass window
Green at 6 pm.
Evening star., 1958-07-13

land. but taken from CASH
mere shawls Of India.
Mantle dFapery-Loose-
back drapery starting from
the shoulder blades; also
called "backdrOp."
, 1958-08-14

Government Secretary, or the Governor himself. Of
course. church and civic leaders could also make their
contribution by drawing up such a code and presenting
it to the candidates. N all this, the candidates them
selves, should be in On the very planning stages of the
Thing.
H CHAIRMAN OF the Republican and Demo
cratic National Committees have already signed on the
mainland. How about such code out this way? It
would be a blessing to the poor voter who has to live
through it all.
, 1958-08-14
Editorial
TIME FOR A CODE OF ETHICS
BEFORE WE KNOW it the air !

BEFORE WE KNOW 1t the air Will be CmcK WIN
charges and countercharges accusations will be flying
back and forth at such a rate that the poor listener will
have to be on constant guard against the incessant bonn
bardmen+, The papers will be full of letters and the
like, and mass meetings and lectures" will be too
numerous to follow. The political campaign for 1858
will be in full swing.
BUT BEFORE THINGS get too hot land that is,
literally), the combatants should take a minute out
to subscribe to some sort Of code of ethics. The chances
are that it will be forgotten in the heat of battle, but at
least it would serve as a deterrent. and show some
measure of good faith to have one.
NOW, what is this scode of ethics to which the
candidates could subscribe? It could be a written state
ment agreeing to confne public discussion to issues and
not individuals; to be fair to the other fellow, and not
cast him in the type OF light which the accuser knows
is not SO, and to give the other fellow an opportunity to
make full and complete replies to all charges. A code OF
this sort should be most welcome to all concerned.
AND WHILE ON the matter of ethics, let it be said
that the need is a crying one. Not only is much that is
said completely out of Taste, but downright disgraceful.
Lies Of all kinds, distortions, innuendoes, half-truths,
and on and on we could go. Often incidents in the pri-
vate lives Of the candidates get airing, and these serve
no purpose whatever. In fact, in a place OF this size,
practically everything is known about a candidate long
before he becomes a candidate, SO why 60 into it,
anyway? I.
AND WHO WOULD initiate this code Of ethics?
There again the answer is simple. Any candidate, seri-
Gus enough about this whole business could draw up
one. But in the event a candidate should shy away be-
cause Of not wanting to be accused Of a "holier-than-
thou" attitude, then the President Of the Senate, the
, 1958-08-14

Branch Office, Christiansted, St. Croix, Virgin Islands.
Machine, Monograph w/Cabnet
/ Bicycle, Phillips, Mans Wheel
/ Cooler, Water, Electric
l Cabinet, Wooden, file, 5 drawer
Underwood Typewriters, Standard
1 Table, Steel typewriter
/ Clock, Seth Thomas wall type)
| Machine, Tape Recorder
The Government reserves the right to reject any or all
bids, to waive any informality in bids and, unless otherwise
specified by the Government or by the bidder, to accept any
item in the bid.
Copies of Invitation to Bid will be supplied by the Dvi-
sion of Procurement, Christiansted, st. Croix, Virgin Islands.
Daniel w. Ambrose,
Commissioner Of Property & Procurement
BY: .Alphcnso RomneY
Clerk-in-Charge
Div. of Proc. ST. Croix.
, 1958-08-14
NOTICE OF SALE OF USED
GOVERNMENT PROPERTY

Sealed bids, in quadruplicate, will be received at the Di-.
vision Of Procurement Christiansted, Virgin Islands, until
HOO AM, August Is, 1853, and then publicly opened, for the
sale of the items listed below, "as is" and where is" located
at Office Of the Legislature of the Virgin Islands ST. Croix
Branch Office, Christiansted, St. Croix, Virgin Islands.
, 1958-08-14
:: Ulrr ST. Urutx Auis :

Printed & published every afternoon except Sundays & holidays by
BR O D PRINTERY
Chrisnansted 81. Crolx, U. S Virgin Islands
Telephone 48 P. o Box SSS
Editor g. Msnaqss Canure A Brodhursl
g. Circulation Anna |. Brodhurs,
Subscription Ra1eG
&c per copy 81 90 per month sl2 per year. All subscriptions are
payable in advance.
Entered as Second Glass matter May &c, 1917 at the Post Office at
ChrHtIanstsed. St croix, v. l.. under the Act of March s, 1897
VOL. Ia THURSDAY, AUGUST IA, 1858 NO. III
The Sidney herald., 1958-12-31
HAY CREEK BUSY BEES Al

The Hay Creek Busy Bees All
club held their regular meeting
at the Garfield Linde home on
Saturday evening, Dec. 20, 1858
at 7:30 pm.
Nearly all the members were
present as well as 4 leaders and
several guests.
Meeting was called to order by
president Arlene Henderson, the
pledges were given. Roll call:
ideas for roll CALI. The road
signs we are going to make was
discussed. The calendar for the
year was completed. We discus
SGD the various projects we are
going TO take up next yaar.
We were asked for each fam
lily Of All clu5 members to donate
food for. ,tAe All council food
sale on Saturday. Dec. 18Th.
An exchange Of Christmas gifts
was held after which a very
delicious pot luck lunch was held.
We enjoyed our Christmas
party by playing games and
dancing, each of us received a
treat.
The next meeting will be at
the Chester Hillman home on Jan.
2, 1859 at 2:30 pm.
Craig Berry, Reporter
The Sidney herald., 1958-12-31
Hay Creek

Mr.. and Mrs. Chester Dore are
the proud parents of a 7 ID. 1914
OF. baby girl born Dec. 20.
The Hay Creek School will
have their Christmas program on
Friday, Dec. &c and the children
got out for Christmas vacation
Tuesday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Chester Dore,
Denny and Larry were supper
guests at the Scoop Dore's on
Friday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Scoop Dore and
Dick were dinner guests at the
home OF Mrs. Deva Allen in
Fairview on Monday.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. T. Henderson,
Arlene, Billie and Debby were
Williston shoppers on Saturday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Chester Hillman,
Jean Ann, Dick and Mrs. w. R.
Hillman were visitors at the
home of Mrs. Deva Allen in Fair
view after the Christmas concert
on Wednesday evening.
MI. ana MIS-. chester Hlllman
and family and Mr.. and Mrs.
W. R. Hillman were among those
who attended a Christmas party
and dinner given at their Church
on Sunday. The honored guest
was Miss Ruth Brown who is
home for the holidays from
College at LamOna, Iowa.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Davidson.
Gene and Yvonne of Fairview
were Sunday dinner guests at the
Dallas Ullman home.
Mrs. Celia Stromfeldt enter
tanned Mr.. and Mrs. Garfield
Linde and family and Hans
Swanby to an oyster supper on
Friday evening.
The Methodist Church in Sid
ney had its Christmas program
on Sunday evening. Those from
The Sidney herald., 1958-12-31
Young Farmers Invited to Join
Farm Management Classes

Young farmers who are able
to attend classes in the Sidney
or Fairview areas and who are
interested in studying subjects
related to farm management may
have this opportunity soon. Ten
tative plans call for a series Of
these meetings to be held in the
Vocational Agriculture Depart
ments of both Sidney and Fair
view, starting January 10.
The joint responsibility for
organizing these groups is shared
by the Extension Service office
and the Vocational Agriculture
Departments.
Tentative plans now call for
the following schedules: Income
Tax Management, led by c. E.
Hagen at Fairview on January
10, and at Sidney on January 20;
Farm Records, led by Warren
Trock of Montana Extension
Service, at Fairview on January
26, al Sidney on January 81;
Farm Leasing, led by Eugene
Q~uenemoen, Montana Extension
Service. ct Faivvicw February ,.
at Sidney February 5; Farm In
lranre and Social Security. led
by Eldon Steffens and Bernie
more. a. Fairv.ew February 9,
at Sidney February 10; Farm
Credit. led by Oscar Anderson.
Charles Metully, A. J. Huber, and
Lester Markeson, at Fairview
February l6, at Sidney February
II: Farm Law, led by Victor
Koch, at Fairview February %,
at Sidney February "a; Farm
Planning, led by Warren
Trock, at Fairview March 2, at
Sidney March 3.
Any young farmer who wishes
join one of these groups may
do so by registering their name
at the Sidney Extension Office
The Sidney herald., 1958-12-31
Family Gathering At Home
OF Mrs. John Sebring

Kenneth Sebring arrived home
last week from Youngstown,
Ohio, where he recently received
his discharge from the Air Force.
Kenneth was in the service four
years, two years of which he was
on duty in Newfoundland. He
is going to spend some time here
with his mother, and he tells us
he has made no definite plans for
the future.
Other family guests at the
home Of Mrs. Sebring for the
holiday season are two daughters
and their families, Mr.. and Mrs.
LaVerne Sebring and three chill
dren of Quincy, Michigan, and
Mr.. and Mrs. Karl Kahle and
four children of Salem, Oregon.
The Sidney herald., 1958-12-31

this community participating
we're Denny and Gene Berndt,
Craig Berry, Terry. Jackie, Linda
and Gordon, Barbara and Sharon
Henderson.
Mrs. Garfield Linde and Clau-
dia called at the Lee Swanson
home in Sidney on Saturday.
Delwyn and Richard Levno
were supper guests at the Allen
home in Fairview on Sunday.
Dec. IA.
Iris Moore, Stephanie Swanson,
Wilma Johnson, Elaine Cayko of
The Sidney herald., 1958-12-31

Fairview were supper guests at
the w. T. Henderson home on
Friday evening.
The Hay Creek Busy Bees All
club held their Dec. meeting and
Christmas party at the Garfield
Linde home on Saturday evening,
Dec. 20. After the business meet
ing the young folks enjoyed
singing Christmas Carols, games
and dancing. A delicious lunch
was enjoyed by all and the eve
ming ended with the exchange of
Christmas gifts.
The Sidney herald., 1958-12-31
CARD OF THANKS

The Hospital wishes to thank
he Linen Guild and the various
organizations for the very gener-
Gus gifts Of soap, towels and wash
pillow cases, juices and
-rui.s and q very good assert
ment of home canned juices,
pickles and jellies given at Christ
mas time. All was very much
appreciated.
Thank you,
H. V. Viesntz, Adm.
The Sidney herald., 1958-12-31
LONE TREE LOCAL NO &

The Lone Tree Local held its
regular meeting on Dec. IA, at
the Orvald Norgaards at 4 pm.
with IL members and 3 visitors
present. The regular order of
business carried on.
After our meeting a delicious
turkey dinner was served by the
hostess. The evening was spent
playing cards.
The next meeting at Walter
Knopps on Jan. 3, 1859 followed
by a card party.
The Sidney herald., 1958-12-31
Raymond ]. Mitchell
Serving With 7th Fleet

FAR EAST FHTNC) = Ray
mond j. Mitchell, chief boilerman,
USN, son of Mr.. and Mrs. w. Nit
chell of Savage, Mont, is serving
aboard the cable laying and repair
ship USS Luzon, operating with
the US. Seventh Fleet in the Far
East.
The Sidney herald., 1958-12-31

o. at one of the Vocational
Agriculture Departments. Glasses
will start upon the registration
of fifteen members or more.
Rather than have classes too
large, some restriction on the size
of the groups will be imposed if
deemed necessary by the respec-
tive groups.