davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-10-14
'>cottsvilIe TO Name
Miss Highlander

The contest for The selection Of
Miss Highlander for 1858 III the
Scottsville Tcenage Club started
October 3 and Will end November
"A
jqrS wrapped In blue or yellow
paper with the contestants name
have been placed IN business firms
ani TIKI girl receiving the largest
number Of votes, one penny d vote
VIII be crowned Miss Highlander
Al the Coronation Ball in tho Vet
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-10-14
On SEEDING CLOUDS

The Navy has announced that il
has managed to create clouds and
destroy others bv seeding them
with ordinary carbon black
The woman scientist who dis
covered the new method said cx-
perimenis oyer southern Gaoraia
produced series Of clouds at 4
cost Of 10 cents a cloud
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-10-14
LATIN AMERICAN RELATIONS

President Eisenhower and Score
tary Of State Dulles have stressed
to Latin-American foreign mini
sters the measure Of United States
concern for inter American re-
lations. This concern. they said, is
backed by new initiatives this
year.
The sessions with the twenty-one
foreign ministers were informal
Latin American and United States
officials said the atmosphere was
cordial.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-22

adjoining communities and from
the city by strips Of natural wood
land and farms. The city rapid
transit system will extend into the
entire suburban area dependent
upon the city, running on de-
pressed tracks.
The majority of the buildings in
the cities will be relatively low,
spreading with wings and land
scaped courts TO make them hui
man in scale and inviting to work
and TO live in. There will, of
course, be an occasional sky
scraper-in fact, some Of today's
will still be standing, although
they will be considered somewhat
outmoded and maintained pri-
marily for their historic and pres
tige value.
And outstanding buildings from
the 18th. 18th and 10th centuries
will be cherished. too, even more
than they are today, for their
architectural. historic. or senti-
mental associations.
AS to the style and materials of
the buildings themselves. no doubt
metals and synthetics will be
widely used, masonry will be
scarce, except where it may be
needed for architectural effect or
decorative value. The present
principle of prefabricating build
ing units will be applied to a far
greater extent than it is today,
the size Of the units being limited
only by the transportation prob
lem. Buildings will be rich in
detail. ornamentation and color,
making full use of sculpture,
painting, mosaicS and the other
arts Of decoration.
Houses will be mostly one-story.
The rage for plate glass having
long since passed. it will be used
extensively only where the house
opens into its garden.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-22
What Life Will Be Like in the u S. in the Year 1000

The people who should know
what the world we will be living in
in the year 1000 is like are the
people who are going to be building
it between now and then.
They are the architects and con-
tractors.
Recently the Associated General
Contractors Of America. Inc, dedi-
Gated new building at the corner
of Twentieth and E streets NV.
They asked editors of architectural
and contracting magazines to write
out their predictions on what life
will be like in 1000. The editors
did and Vice President Nixon
placed their sealed predictions into
the cornerstone. to be opened when
the next century begins.
Here are the highlightS Of what
the editors say things will be like
in 1000:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-22
Contraction
BY LAWRENCE LESSINC

Technical consultant. Architectural Forum
These are the major trends Of
development which will be of
significance to the construction
industry in the year 1000.
l. Great improvements in
chemical soil-conditioners and
stabilizers will reduce most site
preparation to simple injection
treatment. a minimum of exca-
walton and earth-moving.
2. Great parallel development
OF prefabrication and of fabri-
Observation-Disclosures on
the size and economics of the
project-will move a major part
OF building to highly mechanical
production lines.
3. Assembly on the site will
have progressed to a point Of
mechanization where large repeti-
tive jobs. such as curtain-wall
placement and interior finishing,
will be performed by automatic
machines directed by operators
from control stations.
4. Development of curtain
walls, floors, and ceilings will
have reached the point where
they are produced in large, fiex-
ible strips of variable dimensions,
containing as an integral part
of their prefabricated structure
such utilities as heating. lighting,
and air-conditioning elements,
insulation, wiring, sound control,
and fenestration.
5. Strong new adhesives, auto
matically applied and set. will
have replaced most mechanical
fasteners in the jointing Of ma
terials. including structural mem
bers, exterior walls, and roofs.
s. New structural systems, such
as the geodesic spheres and thin
shell membranes Just rising, will,
with the aid Of new metallic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-22
Highways
BY A. PERRIN

Publisher Better Roads
In contemplating the year 1000,
the question arises:
Will there still be the need for
automobiles and for highways?
Will they be replaced by cleo
ironically controlled push button
mechaniSms?
Perhaps surface travel will give
way almost completely TO air
travel. And intercontinental
travel will be made insignificant
in the face Of interplanetary
Journeys.
All these things can take place,
and perhaps they may. But we
doubt that by the year 1000 there
will be no place for highways in
the scheme Of things.
In 1000, there viii still be auto
mobiles, there will still be trucks.
there will still be highways. And
there will more than likely be a
great deal Of agitation throughout
the country for highway improve
mentS. about highway programs
and about the money to build
them.
Rural life will change in the
next AZ years. There will be a
reversal Of the trend toward the
city. People will be returning TO
the country in greater numbers
as accessibility to the cities be-
comes. a matter Of q few minutes
from nearly everywhere in func-
tional automobiles on scientifically
engineered highways.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-22

away from the rather intellectual
aSceticiSm Of many designs to-
day.
Perhaps it will be more accu-
rate to say that buildings will go
in divergent directions. as for the
aesthetic inspirations. Certain
buildings now inspired by tech
nology will go still further in that
direction. Certain other types of
buildings equally inspired by tech
nology should tend to find more
human motivations and depart
further from the slick sterility
that is always considered to be
the mark of our modern" archi-
lecture.
One might expect. for example,
that the factory building will be-
come more of a simple shell than
it already is. Perhaps it will not
be recognized as a building" at
oil. but merely a covering for me-
chanical processes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-22
Architecture
By JOSEPH WATTERSON
Editor, Journal Of the American
Institute OF Architects

Editor, Journal of the American
Institute OF Architects
Cities will continue to grow.
and skyscrapers will continue to
be built, for millions of people
prefer to live and work in the
city.
But the cities will have broad
areas free Of automotive traffic:
residential areas will be grouped
on the neighborhood principle,
each complete with its own stores
and community centers: and the
business centers will consist of
both tall and spreading buildings
set on HANDICAPPED malls. Neces-
Sary business traffic will be under
ground, or otherwise separated
from pedestrian traffic.
There will be light, clean. fast
transit lines below the ground. in
depressed right of ways, or high in
the air. to take residents from
one neighborhood to the other
and business men from building
to building. These rapid transit
lines viii also serve to carry car
owners to the fringes of the city.
where there will be municipal ga
RACES, for the use of personal cars
for ordinary getting about town
will not be permitted.
The nobility Of the city will
return. as originally conceived by
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-22

the great planners of the Renais-
sance. No longer will the cities
be ten per cent grandeur and in
spiration and 80 per cent con-
fusion and despair, as they ere at
present. No longer will vast areas
Of the cities be RABBIT warrens of
uglinesS. dirt and disease. There
will be ordered spaciousness. ur-
bane orderlineSS, animation and
color. Through the suppression
Of traffic and the creation of
neighborhoods. communal life will
return to the streets, similar to
that of the medieval cities. The
city will come into its proper place
in the scheme of life, as a delight
full place to live and to work.
The suburban areas will under
60 a similar transformation.
Thousands Of acres of housing de-
velopments built during the first
20 or 30 years after World War
II will have become slums, owing
TO their shoddy construction and
the lack of interest on the part
Of their owners in maintaining
them-because of the crowding.
lack of privacy and congested
strip-developed Highways lust
around the corner. They will have
been bulldozed away and Sub
topia" will have disappeared.
In its place there will be at
tractive communities of homes OF
various price classes, each on q
spacious lot. oriented for privacy
and full use of the property Each
community win have its own
shops, theaters. community center
and schools, and be separated from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-22
ReoIity and Orthodoxy
OUR BIRTH RATE

The birth rate the United averaged Is per
thousand inhabitants the last decade.
for four 1885, according the National
Office of Vital Statistics. only 236 thousand
per from the first four months of 1857
April the 23l thousand against ass per
thousand for April 1887 From January through
5000 fewer than No boom here obviously
The decline in births last September employment
began Slip The slump has been steady almost since
worsening year-to-year comparison every month
But there's unhappr coming The marriage
declined So cent from ga nupaS thousand
thousand the of 1858 there
$4,000 marriages. "a cent fewer than
for the period in 1857.
April registering the
eighth consecutive monthly decline the rate
this will anywhere the per thousand of June
1857 the l47 per thousand of June 1856.
Resear Reports
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-22
Chinese Communists Back Un-Morxist Plan
To Control Countrys Mounting Birth Rate

ciety deliberately claims to be
overpopulated in order to sweat
the worker and to justify i'm
perialist wars.
Vice versa, they say overpopu-
lation does not exist in a Commu-
mist state. and in fact is impossi-
BILE. Presumably, removing the
profit motive and equal sharing
of production permits a Commu-
mist government to support an
infinite number Of people.
Now comes the switch-dra-
matte. astonishing. and highly re-
vealing about conditions in China.
In 1858. the Communists con-
Quoted a. census. Peiping said it
disclosed a population of 582 ,603.-
AIT on the mainland, and almost
another 20 million Chinese living
in other countries.
The Reds we're exuberant-at
first. The more people the more
power. The problems Of how the
increasing millions we're to be
fed, clothed and housed. where
the jobs would come from, was
overlooked at first.
Death Rote Lowered
Moreover. the death rate was
being lowered-as it is in most
Asian nations through the use of
scientific controls of infectious
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-22
Building
BY J. J. SVEC
Assistant Publisher,
Building Construction Illustrated

Building Construction Illustrated
In general, buildings will be
much lighter in weight, thinner in
wall sections and simpler in de-
sign.
For instance, much Of this
change in design will be the result
from the use of solar and atomic
sources Of power. No factory.
church or house will have power
delivered from outside sources.
Each structure will make its own
power from the suns rays, or from
atomic sources.
The use of semi-conductors and
transistors will eliminate many Of
the cumbersome motors needed to
operate heaters and coolers.
Power will be so cheap that
glass walls, metal walls. brick walls
will be lined with special heat
conducting coatings, heating walls
and rooms. and insulation will be
eliminated.
Porcelain enamel will play a
great role in the house of the flu
ture, Now that lightweight
aluminium can be porcelain
enameled, the weight Of construc-
ton definitely will come down.
Exterior panels and interior panels
will be Of this light material coated
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-22

with colorful porcelain enamel
glass. And this glass, too. can be
made fiuorescent so that walls will
glow for lighting.
We will see the incorporation of
brick that will weigh no more than
a pound and large panels pre-
fabricated of light clay material.
The clay material will be colored
and glazed in the most complete
hue Of colors. These will be for
both exterior and interior panel
work.
The lightweight in ceramics
will carry into sanitary ware so
that bathtubs, wash downs, sinks.
laboratories will weigh but a frac-
ton Of their present weight.
The construction industry will
not deal in single materials, but
prefabricated components, large
sections of walls, roofs. floors will
be put in place because of their
ease Of prefabrication before hand.
Concrete. too, will make the
step forward in lightweighting,
even beyond the present light
weight concretes. And it will be
faster setting.
For the future, each structure,
from the largest to the smallest,
will have blast resistant cores
which will protect the inhabitants
against storms, man made blasts
and other disasters.
Space will be extremely valuable
around large metropolitan centers
so that much Of a building will be
underground for automobile and
plane storage.
The most significant change
with respect to housing, however,
will be its location: Home devel-
opments will be strung almost
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-22

diseases. And at the same time,
percentage of annual increase,
estimated at rs per cent, was
adding more than IL million more
people to the total.
How accurate was the census?
The American demographers,
Lawrence Krader and John S.
Arid. subjected the available data
to an exhaustive study. They
said 1t may contain errors but
that it is the best source avail
able.
More important. they concluded:
There is no question that
Peiping acts on its statistical in
|ormation. Despite strong ideo-
logical opposition, a radical policy
change regarding birth control
was made on the basis of what
was known Of the size and rate
Of growth of the population"
The signs of that policy change
were not long in coming.
In 1855. Shao THU, a deputy,
made a speech to the first ma
tional peoples congress. He
urged the government to spread
the knowledge of birth control.
Demonds for Help
A government survey in q
Shanghai factory showed that IT
per cent of the women workers
were pregnant twice within
year and So per cent once each
year.
DR.. Chou Ngo-Een. a writer, con-
tlnued in an article, reasonable
demands by the people cannot
long be ignored"
All such expressions were care
fully and cautiously worded.
The reason, Of course, was that
officially a Communist government
cannot admit it has a problem
Of overpopulation. Therefore, the
program was made to appear as
having been launched in response
to reasonable demands by the
people"
Very little is known about the
results so far.
The important fact is that, in
spite of the strong theological
taboos, the Communists are trying
to slow the tremendous birth rate.
Mere numbers of people, APP
parently, no longer are considered
synonymous with power, as the
census officially originally said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-22
A FIRsT-HAND REPORT

what we nave seen IN a MONTH
long study Of the schools In the
USSR has amazed US In one out
standing particular: we we're sim
ply not prepared for the degree 20
which the USSR. as a nation. Is
committed TO education as a
means OF national advancement.
Everywhere we went we saw In
dication after indication of what
we could only conclude amounted
to q total commitment 10 eduea-
ton. Our major reaction therefore
Is one OF astonishment--and
choose the word carefully-at the
extent TO which this seems TO have
been accomplished. For what II
Is worth, 10 American educators
came away sobTed by what
they saw.
Closes Reasonable Size
Here are some OF the evidences
OF this total Soviet commitment
to education:
. Glasses are Of reasonable
size.
Q Teachers are chosen on a
highly Selective baSis-we saw
no indication Of any shortage.
o Foreign languages are widely
taught.
o The educational process ex-
tends after school hours and
during the summer under pro-
fesSional direction.
. Teachers and principals have
an abundance of staff assist
ance: Curriculum experts, doc
tors nurses. laboratory assist
ants and so forth.
. School money is available to
do the job. We were told re-
peatedly, "A child can be born
healthy but he cannot be born
educated"
o Responsibility for the con-
duct and achievement of their
children rests with the parents.
who participate regularly in
school affairs.
Our hosts were most co-opera-
tive. Minister of Education Alan
asenko. at our very first meeting.
smilingly REFEREED to the closed
curtains in his office. saying,
This is only for the benefit of
the movie cameras. You will find
no iron curtain about our schools"
interested in U. S.
This prediction was confirmed.
We were impressed by the appar-
ent interest of the Russians in
the cultural exchange with the
United States. In theaters and on
the streets, as well as in the
schools and on campuseS, we were
greeted with great interest. re-
flecting Russian curiosity about
things American. In Leningrad,
for example, we saw lines that,
we were told, had waited all night
long to buy tickets to the Phila-
delphia Symphony.
Despite our limited time we
were anxious to obtain a cross
section view and asked for q
schedule that turned out to be ex-
ceedingly strenuous. even with a
chartered airplane and night
travel of nearly 1000 miles around
the Soviet Union. in addition to
our studies in the Moscow area
which itself involves a school
system comparable in size and
completely to that of Chicago.
Operote Doy and Night
In Leningrad we saw a typical
example of the Soviet drive for
knowledge. Here 10000 men and
women in full-time jobs are on
double shifts-but the second
shift is spent as full-time students
in regularly established schools
operating day and night to fl
their jobs. From this and other
observations it seems clear that
for hundreds of thousands oil
working youth and adults educa-
ton has not ended; not only dc
they have an opportunity to fin
ish secondary school, but also a
great proportion continue right
on through the higher institutions
of learning. And then other tens
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-22

continuously along all express
ways in the Federal highway sys-
tenn. 1t will be, in many cases,
difficult to ascertain whether
homes belong to this or that met
ropolitan center. For example,
there may be neighbors residing
in S. Michigan, one of whom
'works in Chicago, the other in
Toledo or Detroit.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-22
BY RELMAN MORN
Associated Press stan Writer

Quietly. and with as little OUT
side fanfare as possible, China's
Communist rulers are driving to
push through one Of the biggest
and most significant projects in
the history Of the country-birth
control.
They deny that they are caught
in the terrible dilemma of popu-
lation overtaking the resources Of
food and jobs.
On the contrary. they contend
that the rate Of increase in the
production of these resources Is
greater than the burgeoning in
crease in population.
Nevertheless, in newspapers ard
carefully-worded speeches Com
munist officials are urging new
measures to stem the tidal wave.
Their own census figures indi-
cate China's population is around
600 million. The net annual in
crease-excess of births over
deaths-iS estimated between IL
and Is million.
So the great drive is under way.
But 1t is seldom mentioned, much
less blazoned, in Peiping's overseas
propaganda.
The Control Drive
1t takes three forms:
/. To discourage the early for
nation of families, calling on both
men and women to wait until at
least their middle 20s before mar
rying. =. i. .....
O.. To spread information about
contraceptives and promote their
use.
3. To convince the people that
for reasons of health-and there
fore the welfare of the socialist
state-"family planning" should
be adopted, spacing the births far
ther apart.
AS the campaign went into
gear. 1t ELECTED some strange pro-
posals.
For example, Yang Sze-Ying,
demographer, quotes one Yeh
Hsi-Chun. a herbalist, on a pre-
sumably cheap and simple contra
ceptive:
Fresh tadpoles coming out in
the spring should be washed in
cold well water, and swallowed
whole three or four days after
menstruation. If a woman swal-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-22

q pofiiol teHt o. the speech.
Of thousands take the popular
correspondence courses.
As I mentioned earlier, we saw
no evidence Of any teacher short
age. Teacher work loads and other
working conditions are advanta-
geous. Teacher prestige is high:
salaries are at the levels Of those
Of doctors and engineers Gin fact.
a fully trained doctor and nurse
are regular members Of each
school staff); only the best are
chosen 10 teach-one out Of six
who apply.
We saw scientific research es-
adjustments with trained STATS
running into the thousands. and
with excellent plants and equip
ment. We saw. of course. the sky
scraper university in Moscow with
its lavish appointments and its
ultra rmodern equipment. We
noted the expansion of univer-
stiles everywhere. and at the other
end Of the scale we we're i'm
pressed by the quantity and num-
Der of child care centers and
kindergartens.
The Importance of science in
is unqueStoned. Biology, chem
istry. physics. and astronomy are
required of every pupil regardless
of his individual interests or
aspirations.
The Minister of Education for
the largest Soviet republic told us
that plans we're under way to
introduce greater variety into
their curriculum. The emphasis
upon a uniform academic curricu-
lum weighted heavily with mathe-
mates and science is being modi-
fed, somewhat in favor Of poly
technic courses and industrial
practice.
Slightly Less Science
The contemplated program will
add an 18th year, and decrease
slightly the number of lessons in
mathematics, science. and the
humanities. All pupils in grades
9, 10 and IL will be required to
spend three days in school and
three days in agricultural and
industrial work experience outside
the school.
incidentally, we were interested
to note that driver training is
being included as a part of the
practical course work in the Sec
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-22
Design
BY EMERSON GORLE

ManaEinS Editor. Architectural Record
Hopefully. designers will follow
a rather obvious need OF our time
TO add more delight in the age
old formula of commodity, firm
ness and delight. We should
expect architecture to move-at
least in some types Of buildings