davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04
Roosevelt Depression Recalled

going administration in an
emergency. Incidentally, the
British parliamentary sys-
tenn provides for instanta-
neous transfer Of power after
an election.
There can be little doubt
that had proper steps been
taken in. November and De-
cemher Of 1892. with the CO.
operation Of the incoming
administration, the "Roose-
welt depression" which fol-
lowed could have been
avoided.
The unemployment figures
for those years are signifi-
cant. The number Of persons
out of work rose from L.
$4,000 in 1929 to l2.060.0O0
in 1892 during the Hoover
depression" But. with Mr..
Roosevelt in office. the un-
employment figure of 1888
went up to 1880, 600. There
were still 10.390,O06 une y
ployed in 1938-after six
years of the New Deal" 1t
was only when World War
II broke out that the figure
came down appreciably-to
5.560,000 in 1941 and finally
to $40, 900 in 1914.
But most people have for
gotten that there were 81
100000 unemployed again in
the year after World War II
ended and that in early 1850
just before the Korean
Wharf.-The unemployed total
rose to 4,828, 900 during the
Truman recession"
There are more people now
in the total labor force than
ever before, so unemploy-
ment statistics should really
be examined in terms of per-
centages. About 28.6 per cent
of the labor force was idle
at the bottom of the depres-
sion in 1888. Although about
5 million are out of work
today, this represents only
IA per cent of the total labor
force as compared with the
postwar high of 7.8 per cent
in 1850 during the Truman
administration. Anything be-
low 10 per cent is nowadays
called a recession" where
as anything above is likely
to be termed a depression"
Reproduction Rights Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04
BROWN
Free World in SO Seen Unlikely to Gain
Anything Except Illusion of Peace

1t is being generally ac-
cepted, both here and in
Europe, that there win be a
summit conference with the
Russians. In advance Of it
will be a lot Of preliminary
sparring. jockeying for posi-
ton, efforts on both sides. to
derive an advantage in adj
vance Of the actual heads-of-
state negotiations. But it is
commonly agreed among dip
lomatic and military officials
that a summit conference will.
actually take place, and prob,
ably before this year is over.
In a bitter sort Of way, this
widely shared opinion Isl d
bit like the acceptance Of the
inevitabiHty of next winter.
The whole attitude, sensed
and seen on all sides. is much
like that existing at the time
Of Munich, in 1888, when the
world seemed to know that
Hitler would have his way
simply because the world
didn't want a new war. So the
statesmen of the democracies,
sensitive to the public opin-
ion they believed, or their
advisers told them to believe,
was so overpowefing as not
to be denied, decided on APP.
peasement. There is the
poignant and pathetic story
Of French Premier Daladier,
returning to Paris after the
appeaSement at Munich ex-.
pecting to be mobbed, star
tied and amazed by a crowd
Of cheering Frenchmen who
hailed his craven act as one
of craftsmanship and peace.
The hard facts on the value
Of. a summit conference with
the Soviet Union this year
are almost as discouraging as
those of Munich. It is abso-
lutely incenceiyable that the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04
Republicans on the Firing Line

States as his party leader and
champion is diStasteful to
Mr.. Eisenhower. He won't
play, and apparently nobody
can take his place. The fact
that he wins anyway. but Re-
publicans don't, adds to the
trauma affecting the party
leaders. To grin and bear it
seems to be beyond most of
them; the economic recession
only adds to their pain.
The Nixon faction, with
Mr.. Dewey acting as a kind
of one-man brain trust, is do
ing what it can. For example,
Attorney General Rogers, a
Nixon intimate and former
Dewey associate. has agreed
not to select Congressrnen for
the Federal bench and so
open the way for more jar
ring special elections.
Gov. Vernon Thompson
of Wisconsin is cooper
Ting with the spirit of this
policy by refusing to call a
special election there to fill a
House vacancy. 1t is sporting
of Gov. Thomson. who
came here last week to plead
for a reversal of Agriculture
Secretary Benson's plans to
reduce dairy price supports
and got absolutely nowhere.
OF course, certain House
members who would like to
retire to the comfortable life
tenure Of. the Federal judi
ciary are not thereby put in
a mood to help the Eisen-
hover program. Such are
the realities Of politics as a
condition, not q theory.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04
DORIS FLEEsON

In automatic reaction to
their recent pistol-whipping
at the hands of former Pres
ident Truman, Republicans
demanded equal television
time to answer him. They got
it. What then proved in short
supply was a Ratchet man of
equal prestige and vigor.
Hopeful hints that Presi-
dent Eisenhower could do the
job, and that it was in fact
his job. fell on barren ground.
The President is not available
to his party in such a role.
Thomas E. Dewey was APP
preached. He was candid
and realistic. you don't
want me-" he said. I'm the
one Truman defeated, re-
member"
Vice President Nixon, who
has amply proved himself in
such a role, and Sherman
Adams, the Assistant to the
President, whose considerable
talent was unveiled in Min
neapolis last month, then
talked it over. They sought
to defer to each other in a
conversation rejecting their
personal dilemmas.
Both are sturdy party men.
But Vice President Nixon
needs independent votes to be
elected President in 1860 and
he realizes they are not at
tracted by his skill with the
partisan hatchet. The price
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04

the Montgomery County Jewish
Community. S402 Freyman
drive, Chevy Chase, Md.
Jewish service personnel in
military installations of the
Washington area will take part
in a celebration at 8 pm.
Thursday in the new chapel at
Fort Belvoir. The affair is
being sponsored by the Wash
ington Armed Services Com
mittee, National Jewish Well
fare Board. Army Chaplain
Henry Skirball will read the
Megillah. Dancing viii follow.
Rabbi Chain Williamowsky
Jewish chaplain at St. Eliza
beths Hospital, announced
today that las Jewish patients
will be entertained at a Purim
festival at 1880 pm. Thursday
In the new chapel building at
the hospital. Elihu Platt Of the
Washington Highland Jewish
Center will read the Meglllah.
Entertainment will follow.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04

the Traffic School,. which fla
grant violators must attend or
forfeit their permits. He also
mentioned traf1ic posters with
safety slogans. which are dis
tributed in conspicuous places
on the streets. Both the posters
and the traffic school play i'm
portant parts in the education
of both the violator and the
potential violator, he said.
AS for traffic court itself, the
judge feels no improvements
are necessary. He also feels one
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04

OdA6N 4AAOAAAOAAAA AAu0 JAob
signment in the traffic branch
of the Municipal Court. He is
succeeded by Chief Judge
Leonard P. Walsh.
The reason for the Districts
superiority and constant i'm
provement, he said, is that the
men who make up the traffic
department are sincere and
enthusiastic in their desire to
alleviate area traffic problems.
Cites Traffic School
Addressing the March meet
ing Of the Dupont Circle Citi-
zens Association in the May
flower Hotel, Judge Kronheim
referred to the Importance of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04
Leaders in G. o. P. Consider Liabilities
OF Blasting Back at Truman


of Mr.. Adams endearing
himself to Republicans is bad
White House relations with
the Democratic Congress.
National Chairman Alcorn
was compelled to settle for a
paper barrage against the
Democrats and a dinner May
6 next for Republican men,
bers of the Senate and
House to be addressed by the
President who will use the
free equal TV time.
The Illustrations of Repub-
lican politicians who want a
Truman-type champion of
their own were not long APP
pearing. Chairman Andrew
F. Schoeppel of the Senate
@. o. p. Campaign Commit
tee said in q television inter-
view it would hurt some Re-
publicanS to support the Pres
ident's program. He also
limited that the President
could help some candidates
but would only hurt others by
coming out for them.
The foregoing is one OF
many bits of evidence that in
the sixth year Of the Eisen-
hover presidency with a
hard : fought congressional
campaign coming UP, the
President and his party have
failed TO close ranks in a
really rneaningful and con-
structive way.
The historical evolution Of
the President Of the United
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04
Shades of 1885 Munich PorIey

the free world might expect
to get from a summit con-
ference. The diplomats are
sitting around discussing the
minimum concessions they
will expect from the Russians
that will give them an excuse
for accepting the Soviet
sought temporary peace.
Probably they are rationaliz-
ing, as did Mr.. Chamberlain,
the benefits to be derived
from surrender, from APP
peasement.
Many of them know they
cannot possibly win. Our
Secretary of State and many
of his advisers know full well
that a summit conference
now is in itself an act of APP
peasement, and must ineW-
tably result in a later and
larger disaster for the free
world. But they are begin
ming to feel themselves caught
in a web not of their own
making. They must, as
leaders of a free society, bow
to what they believe to be the
power of public opinion.
But just so thought the ap.
peasers of Munich in 1888,
and they were terribly wrong.
When the final showdown
came, the peoples of the
democracies rose to a man to
defend freedom against tyr
amy, and in a war of incred-
ible valor and determination
they battered the tyranny in
to mountains of debris and
shameful surrender. 1t does
not augur well for the future
of freedom when its leaders
heed the qualms Of the spine-
less and the fears of the men,
of-little-faith.
Whatever the terrors of the
nuclear age, the principles
that have guided mankind's
long search for dignity and
freedom remain the same.
The price to be paid, now as
always, is often death that
freedom might live. Let ell
Americans stand firm in their
faith, summit conference or
none.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04
Murphy 10 See
GdiIIard Next

LONDON, Mar. 4 R.-The
special United States envoy,
Robert Murphy. few to Paris
today after talks with British
officials on ways of settling the
French unisian dispute.
The American diplomat told
newsmen that Britain and the
United States were Gin COM
plete and full agreement" on
the measures to be taken.
Mr.. Murphy will try to meet
with French Premier Felix
Gaillard in Paris tonight. Fears
here that Mr.. Gaillard is facing
a new crisis for his govern
ment over defense and con-
stitutional questions have cast
a shadow over the Murphy mis-
sion. however.
Also scheduled to fly to Paris
later today is Harold Beeley
Of the British Foreign ONCE,
who is working with Mr..
Murphy In the British-Amer-
lean good offices effort.
Mr.. Murphy came to London
late yesterday after talks with
Mr.. Gaillard in Paris and Tu-
nissan President Habib Bour-
guiba in Tunis. He held lengthy
meetings with Mr.. Beeley and
with Foreign Secretary Sell
wyn Lloyd.
I'VE are very pleased with
the progress so far made and
I think we are both encouraged
and hopeful that our French
and Tunisian friends will find
ways and means to solve the
problem" Mr.. Murphy said.
French Tunisian relations
were severely strained by a
French bombing raid on a Tu-
nissan village last month.
France has accused Tunisia,
its former protectorate. Of har-
boring nationalist figures from
neighboring Algeria.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04
Democratic Presidents '33 Bank Holiday
Called Unnecessary Political Mistoke

welt came to Washington
for a perfunctory visit with
the outgoing President. 1t did
little good. For the air was
filled with rumors about Mr..
Roosevelt's intention to re-
value gold and to call in all
the precious metal for the
Government to hold. Gold
has not since circulated in
this country.
It is difficult to estimate in
dollars the damage done by
the 1888 "bank holiday" The
economic and financial ma
chinery of the Nation was
paralyzed. Since then, a sys-
tenn Of Federal insurance of
bank deposits has been estab-
lished, but even before this 1t
would have been easy for the
Federal Government, If Con-
gress had approved. to ex-
tend promptly the authority
of an agency like the Recon-
struction Finance Corpora
ton so as to enable the banks
to borrow from the Govern
ment temporarily to cover
their frozen assets.
It will always be a matter
of great puzzlement to his
torians as to why this wasn't
done earlier. The only con-
clusion reached by many of
us who witnessed at first
hand the events of that Pc
Rod was that partisan politics
prevented immediate action.
The Democrats who con-
trolled Congress at the time
also wanted to wait for the
new administration to take
over. The politicians t1ddled
while millions of Americans
lost their jobs and for a
considerable time were de-
prived of the use Of their
savings.
The transition period now
adays between the presiden-
tial election in November
and inauguration day-Jan-
uary 20, as fixed by con-
stitutional amendments
somewhat shorter, but the
dangers are just the same.
An incoming administration
does not have the obligation
to cooperate with the out
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04
Will Address Women

DR.. Nels F. S. Ferre. profess
Sor of theology at Andover New
ton Theological School. New
ton Center, Mass, viii speak on
Gods New World" during the
annual dinner of the Christian
Women's Fellowship Of the Ma
tional City Christian Church.
Thomas Circle. at $3.50 o'clock
tonight.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04

free world can gain a single
thing from a summit con-
ference. except the same IL
fusion Chamberlain and Dalai
der brought home from Mu-
mich: "a precarious peace for
the moment. one based only
on the already proven treach-
cry of the antagonist, the
aggreSsor.
The men of Moscow are
not going to a summit meet
ing in any spirit of concilia-
ton or concession. They are
going as the leaders, in repu-
tation at least, of the world
arms race, as the launchers
of two earth satellites. as the
possessors of intercontinental
range balliStic missiles. They
do not need to, and certainly
will not, concede anything
Of value to the West. They
will insist on the status quo
in Eastern Europe and par
ticularly in divided Germany.
This is not to say that
the Soviet emisSaries will
behave like victors in the
cold war. They will not,
because they really want an
agreement that will ease the
tensions in the world. But
their reasons are entirely
selfish and entirely tactical
they are facing severe
stresses and strains in their
own bailiwick. So danger
Gus has the restlessness and
ferment become inside the
Soviet empire that the
Kremlin's masterminds are
seriously concerned lest they
find themselves faced with a
genuine Shutdown strike, a
wave Of civil disobedience, a
general lack of support that
could spell disaster for their
long-range plans. Those
plans remain, as they have
always been, the domination
Of the world. .t~~
In the West there is a
move to map the advantages
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04
Seven Trapped in Mine

/, GELEEN, NETHERLANDS,
Mar. 4 R.-A gallery in. the
State-owned Maurits coal mine
collapsed last night. trapping
seven miners at the coal face.
Thirty-eight others were res
cued.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04

Mordecai, one Of their leaders
and the uncle of Queen Esther,
refused to bow down to him.
Esther. according to the story
as told in the Book of Esther,
interceded with the king. Upon
hearing the plot .Haman had
prepared for a mass extermina-
ton of the Jews, King Ahasu-
eruS sentenced his grand vizier
to be hung and permitted the
Jews to defend themselves
against their enemies.
The word Purjm means lots
and refers to the manner in
which Hannah had set the date
for the massacre Of the Jewish
people. 70
Festival Originated
Mordecai and Esther t h e n
called on the Jews to establish
an annual feast of Purinn, to be
celebrated in communal fun
and festivities in commemora-
ton Of the great deliverance.
At the synagogue services the
Megillah Cor Scroll) containing
the story of Purim is read.
Temple Sinai will hold q
Purim family service at 8 pm.
tomorrow with THE Sinai Jun.
iors," newest youth group at
the temple. giving an animated
Megillah reading.
At AdaS Israel Congregation,
Connecticut avenue and Porter
street NV, a children's service
will be held at Z pm. tomorrow.
On Sunday, starting at $3.50
am, the annual Purim carnival
will be sponsored by the Mems
Club, Sisterhood, Couples Club
and Parent Teachers Associa-
ton.
|
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04

|SpecioI Event to Mark
Jewish Holiday Of Purim

Jewish residents Of the Washington will celebrate
the joyous holiday of Purim starting at shutdown tomorrow
and continuing through Thursday.
Pum celebrates the victory Of the Jews their
secuor Hannah Grand Ver to King Ahasuers who ruled
Persia from 485-464 BE-
Hannah arranged for the destruction Of because
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04
Prize Fills the Bill

WAUKESHA. Wis. (P).-The
day after Thomas Fitzpatrick
and his wife left on o trip to
Florida, he was announced as
the winner of a prize at the
Opening Of q subdivision here.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04
Raps Garnishment Law

Raps Garnishment Law
In an entirely different mat
ter, Judge Kronheim expressed
his concern over, the '.unlim-
tied miseries" caused by Dis
trict garnishment laws.
More than 1000 garnish-
ments, he said, are brought
each week and many people
suffer because of q law passed
over so years ago.
He urged association men,
bers to back a bill that will be
introduced into Congress soon.
The bill calls for strong control
of garnishment proceedings.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04
I roffic Department
Tops, Kronheim Says

The District has Of the best traffic departments in
existence Municipal Court Judge Milton Kronheim IT, said
last night
I'VE ahead of everybody else" he said, "but
must not become complacent"
Judge Kronhem has lust terminated a nine month as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04

judge can handle the cases and
that a 24-hour traffic court is
not needed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-04
Special Services

Two special children's Serv-
ices and an adult service will
be held at 7 pm. tomorrow in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-28

only by subcommittee members
and by no one else, including
subcommittee investigators. Mr.
Mack, who maintained a gen.
orally smiling demeanor during
the hours of Interrogation yes
terday, grimly made clear he
disliked the devices used by
some Of the investigators in
examining him in recent weeks
He apparently referred to a
wire recording used by a former
staff wonderland sanctioned
by DR.. Bernard Schwartz, the
subcommittee's ousted counsel
when asking him about his
loan transactions with Mr.
Whiteside. The recording has
not yet been played in public
Mr.. Moss and several of his
colleagues say the income tax
returns are essential to get to
the bottom of the matter in
volving Mr.. Mack and Mr..
Whiteside and Mr.. Mack's
strong but Subdued stock in
terest in the two corporations.
Mr.. Moss would not consent to
Mr.. Mack's condition for volun-
tary submission of the records.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-28
LABOR
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
chief, also a State officer who
would be legally authorized to
keep submachine guns and tear
gas in his possession
The sort of weapons stock
piled by the Kohler Co. were
demonstrated by Senator Nc
Clellan, who at one point held
in his hands two tear gas
cartridges. One was a round
nosed red-tipped, object about
8 inches long and the other a
flat-ended cartridge Of about
the same length.
AS described for the COM
mittee's record, the round
nosed shot was designed to be
fired into buildings or at dis
tant targets, while the fat
nosed one was meant to be
used at close quarters to dis
perse crowds.
I'm other words, if I wanted
to scatter these people here in
this room, / would use this
cartridge, is that right?" Sem
ator Mcclellan asked, indi-
eating the flat-nosed round.
Accountant Testifles
A hassle between Republican
and Democratic members Of
| the committee developed over
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-28
EISENHOWER
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
underwent his ileitis operation
on June 8, 1856.
After his noon report, Mr..
Hagerty transferred his press
operations back to the White
House. But he planned to be at
Walter Reed again tomorrow
to announce results of the
neurological examination.
Extraction of the Presidents
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-28

pressed ignorance as to whether
H. Earl Barber, his admin
iStrative assistant at the FEC
became vice president of Andar
Inc. Mr.. Moss read from
Florida newspaper story report
ing that Mr.. Barber replaced
one of the original officers Of
the company reactivated last
year by Mr.. Whiteside. Mr.
Barber was in Mr.. WhiteSide'S
Miami law firm several years
ago.
Andar, Inc, according tc
previous testimony by Mr.
Whiteside, vas given to Mr.
Mack as sole owner mainly as
a means of enabling him tc
repay some Of the money he
had borrowed in past years
from MIR. Whiteside. Earlier
testimony also disclosed that
Mr.. Mack was given a one
sixth stock interest in the
Stembler Sheldon Insurance
Agency and received approx
mately $4,000 since 1858 under
an Ownership participation
arrangement.
The subcommittee deferred a
lewiston whether to subpoena
Mr.. Mack's income tax returns
or receive them voluntarily I'M
der a condition laid down by
Mr.. Mack.
To Decide on Tax Data
The subcommittee was to de-
eide whether to subpoena Mr..
Mack'S income tax returns OF
receive them voluntarily under
a condition laid down by Mr.
Mack.
The Mack proviso was that
his tax returns be examined
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-28

upper molar tooth, which he
had split some time ago while
eating, was decided upon ir
order not to take any chances
with infection developing. Mr.
Hagerty said.
The extraction was per-
formed by Col. Robert B
Shira, one of the Army's tor
oral surgeons and chief OF
Walter Reeds oral surgery
! section.
A report from DR.. Shira, re-
layed through Mr.. Hogerty al
11:02, was:
1.-THE President had a simple
extraction Of an upper molal
tooth that he had split pre-
viously while eating.
"The extraction was normal
and successful"
Mr.. Hagerty told newsmen
lit was all very quick and
all very simple"
The extraction was done un-
der a local anaeSthetic.
Walks to Suite
When he left the dentist
chair, Mr.. Eisenhower walked
down a corridor to an elevator
rode down one floor to the
street floor, and walked out to
his automobile waiting outside
He rode in the limousine the
equivalent of two or three
blocks from the dental clinic
to the main administration
building at Walter Reed, got
out and walked to an elevator
for the ride up to the third
floor, and then walked down
the corridor to his suite.
| There he changed his gray