davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27

meeting within the Security Coun-
Gil.
Prime Minister Nehru Of India
announced Sunday. the day fol-
lowing Mr.. Khrushchev's invita-
ton, that he would be willing to
attend a summit meeting)
Premier Khrushchev's answer
came before the day was out. He
announced Wednesday night that
he would be willing to attend
summit meeting within the frame
work of the Security Council IL
Mr.. Nehru and representatives Of
the Arab countries concerned
were included. Mr.. Khrushchev
strongly limited that substitution
Of Mr.. Dulles for President Eisen-
hover would not be acceptable.
80 far as the Soviet Union is
concerned" he said, ut would be
represented by its Premier"
Mr.. Khrushchev suggested that
the summit meetings begin Mon
day but this possibility was i'm
mediately ruled out by the White
House, which pointed out that Mr..
Dulles would be in London as an
observer at q meeting Of the
Baghdad Pact nations. The Brit
ish were pleased at the Soviet
leaders prompt reply but also
noted that Mr.. Macmillan was
scheduled to preside over the
meeting of representatives Of
Turkey, Iran and Pakistan. the
remaining nations in the Bagh-
dad Pact now that the pro-
Western government Of Iraq has
been overthrown.
And from the Middle East came
word that Col Nasser and Brig.
Abdel Karen Kassem, Pre-
mier Of Iraq's new government.
plan to be among the Arab rep
resentatives" If a summit meeting
is held.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27
On Cyprus:


A feeling Of desperation and
hopelessneSs spread over Cyprus
last week as British leaders an
swered continued violence with
curfews and tighter military con-
troll.
The latest outbursts dimmed
what little hope there was for &C.
ceptance Of Britain's proposal to
share government Of the Medi-
terranean island with Greece and
Turkey.
The British locked up some
1900 persons in an effort to curb
the violence between Greek and
Turkish Cypriots that has claim
ed more than so lives in the last
two weeks. Even with these strin-
gent measures there was no end
in sight to the killing and vio-
lence that began in 1855 with the
demands Of Greek Cypriots for
self-government and eventual
union with Greece.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27

oughly persuaded that the West
wants peace, the East will be under
pressure to make peace on the
terms set forth. This is always the
case at any East-West confronta-
ton in the diplomatic arena. but
it is true a hundred times over
at a meeting where the opportun-
ity to influence opinion is as great
as it is at the summit.
If Mr.. Khrushchev can be ma
neuvered into a position where
he feels obliged to agree to a
Western plan for action. or even
a Western basis for negotiation.
a new opportunity for peace in
the worlds principal trouble spot
will be opened up.
II he bickers, bubbles. or re-
fuses. without coming up with
something equally persuasive Of
his own, he viii suffer a propa-
ganda setback beside which criti-
cism Of the Anglo-American troop
landings will be insignificant. In
such a case. the issue on which
Mr.. Khrushchev obviously wants
to fight the propaganda battle
an alleged Anglo-American threat
to world peace"-would be all but
forgotten.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Summit Talks: A Task for U.N.?

that other independent states
were about to be pushed over
before United States Marines
waded ashore at Beirut. namely
Saudi-Arabia and the oil-rich
sheikdoms Of Kuwait, Bahrein
and Qatar. And from Sudan came
reports that a Nasser-backed coup
was reported nipped in the bud
there only last week.
These developments. which
were cited as further reasons for
United States intervention as an
immediate remedy. did not help
the administration explain Con-
gressional complaints that % the
apparent failure or lack Of Amer
lean foreign policy permitted the
Middle East situation to develop
to the crisis state. and (2) that
the United States did not have
advance intelligence warning Of
the coup in Iraq.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27
Naturalization

The Kremlin several times has
indicated it would negotiate for
a Middle East settlement on the
basis of naturalization. Always,
however, the essential ingredient
"a guarantee that the area would
stay neutralized-has been lack
ing. For this reason the West
always has resisted the idea, just
as it has resisted the neutraliza-
ton of Central Europe for the
same reason.
Recent debates in the Security
Council have pointed toward
conceivable solution Of this prob
lem, u. N. sources say. A Japanese
plan for Lebanon set forth this
week for the first time the thesis
that the U. N. should assume re-
sponsibility for the territorial
integrity and political independ-
ence" Of that country, as well as
for the prevention of such overt
acts as border crossings and arms
smuggling.
There is Charter authority for
the U. N. to undertake such re-
sponsibilities. To date, the means
have been lacking. But they need
not continue to be lacking, diplo-
mats are saying privately. Border
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27

IN the Russian press and on the
radio ridiculed the United States
position. The Russians said the
United States moved quickly to-
ward war but dragged its feet in
approaching the conference table.
Western diplomats, who agreed
that it would take at least two
weeks to prepare for a summit
conference, expressed fears that
Khrushchev might seize upon this
delay or the conditions specified
in President Eisenhower's latest
note as an excuse to scuttle the
meeting.
With a summit conference still
an uncertainty, new and bloody
fighting broke out in Beirut. While
the fighting was said to lack the
intensity Of earlier battles, it
dimmed the hope of an early peace
between the forces of rebel leader
Saeb Salam and the government
of President Camille Glamour.
Mr.. Salam reiterated his determi-
nation net TO agree to a presiden-
tial election or peace until Mr..
Glamour steps down and United
States troops leave.
Fridays developments included
a new Soviet charge that pro-
Western Turkey is planning to
attack Iraq. A note from the
Kremlin to Ankara accused Tur-
key of planning the invasion lin
a few days time" Turkish dip
lomats shrugged of the note.
They pointed out that Russia has
made similar charges before. that
Turkey is well aware of the strong
Russian forces on her border and
that Turkey would not--and could
not-move without United States
approval-and gasoline.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27

The forthcoming summit con-
ference on the Middle East crisis
seemed 10 be shaping up last week
as Soviet Premier Nikita Khru-
shchev's party until President
Eisenhower in effect reminded the
ebullient Russian leader that he
was just one Of the invited guests.
Mr.. Khrushchev. who first pro-
posed the conference week ago
yesterday. spent last week dictat-
ing guest lists and maneuvering
for the kind Of agenda he wanted.
These activities annoyed Secretary
Of State Dulles. Friday. the Presi-
dent sent the Soviet Premier a
note telling him the United States
would attend a summit confer
ence at the United Nations only II
the Security Council were per-
mitted TO lay down the ground
rules. set the time. name the par
Elephants.
Thus. while events OF the past
week were not particularly en-
couraging for the West, the i'm
mediate threat of war subsidized.
The problems now facing the
United States and Britain are
chiefly political:
. Achieving a United Nations set
Element that viii permit with
drawal of 10000 American Ma
rines and paratroopers from. Leba-
non and 1000 British Tommies
from Jordan while preserving the
status quo in the Middle East.
. Formulation Of a Middle East
policy that recognizes Arab ma
tionalistn and at the same time
comes 10 grips with the eager
expansionism Of Canal Abdel
Nasser. observation-disclosures Of the
United Arab Republic.
These were the day-by-day
developments last week in the
still tension-packed Middle East
crisis and the progress toward the
summit.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27

problems in the Middle East" he
said.
Senator Mansfield, Democrat of
Montana, a member of the new
American delegation to the United
Nations, said, I'VE must do some
thing to seize the initiative :"
Senator Bridges, Republican of
New Hampshire, talked of a new
Monroe Doctrine" that would pro-
tect the sovereignty of small Mid
die East nations from Soviet
aggression exerted through the
. UAR."
Criticism of United States in
tervention in Lebanon died down
somewhat last week after it was
reported that the forces which
overthrow the Irsqi government
were actually en- route to aid the
Lebanese rebels when a sudden
change of plans brought them to
Baghdad.
There were indications, too,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27

quiescence in a Western sphere OF
influence in the Middle East. 1t
could not ask Mr.. Khrushchev,
Col. Nasser. or the U. N. to guar
antee the tenure in Office Of pro-
Western governments. With any
such proposals we of the West
would be laughed out Of court,
it is agreed,
What we could insist upon
would be genuine self-determina-
ton for the people Of the area.
We could offer new opportunities
for economic development. We
could legitimately ask freedom
for proper investment Of capital.
and protection against arbitrary
misuse Of the economic and po-
litical pow0 involved in the pos
session of oil. We could attack
the thorny Arab-Israel problem
at any one Of several points, such
as the resettlement and/or repa-
triation Of Palestine refugees.
None Of this. of course, would
be simple or readily carried
through.
Genuine self-determination for
the Arabs might well mean, in
deed, probably would mean, neu-
tralism in the cold war. Like
most youthful nationalisms. Arab
nationalism is isolationist. Ameri-
can nationalism was strongly iso-
lationist in the days Of George
Washington, and century passed
before the tradition began dying
out.
Political neutralism in the
Middle East today would not,
however. be a threat to the West,
U. N. people say, il it were a
stable and responsible brand.
Even military neutralism would
be something the West could live
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27
By WILLIAM r. FRYE
special Writer for The Star

UNITED NATIONS. N. Y.-The
principal problem Western diplo-
mats now face is how to rescue the
forthcoming summit conference
from utter fiasco and turn it into
o useful exercise.
This is a formidable assignment.
No one in the West really wanted
the conference, not even the Brit
ish who insisted 1t be proposed.
1t is badly timed and poorly pre-
pared-an unwanted child pre-
maturely born.
There is no visible basis for
East-West negotiation. The meet
ing bids fair to be the propaganda
battle of the decade, with the
West at a severe disadvantage be-
cause of the unpopularity of
Anglo-American troop landings in
Lebanon and Jordan.
The Western world really has
only one notable asset; The fact
that the parley is to be held in
the United Nations Security Coun-
Gil. This fact settles the compost
ton in the Vests favor. Even
with Prime Minister Nehru of In
dia and President Nasser OF Egypt
invited to the table, the West will
have a preponderance of friendly
voices. (Since there is to be no
voting on controversial issues, the
veto will play no role.)
There is another important as
set available to the West, U. N.
diplomats say, if the West will
only seize 1t and employ it. 1t is
the fundamental fact that the
Western world wants peace and
order in the Middle East. while
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev
does not.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27
SATURDAY

Mr.. Dulles, in a stopover at
Bonn, discussed with West Ger
man Chancellor Adenauer the ad-
visibility of recognizing the new
regime in Iraq. West Germany is
said to feel that. beyond MAIN
tanning its relatively brisk trade
with Iraq, recognition of the new
government will eventually be
granted by all the Western ma
tions. The Soviet Union has not
yet sent a mission to Baghdad,
but is expected to do so at any
time.
From London came word that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27

Department. I'VE want real re-
suits and q real conference and we
don't think the Security Council
is a good place"
At the same time. French
officials here and in Paris made
a point of noting that Gen. de
Gaulle had not refused to partic-
ipate in the heads-of-state meet
ing but that he was simply reg
istering his opposition to it. His
ultimate action remained un-
practicable.
The United States, which had
been on the defensive in the
United Nations from the moment
the first Marines landed in
Lebanon on July Is, on Thursday
began to plan for an offensive in
the Security Council summit
meeting. The White House and
State Department hammered out
proposals which would provide for
debate on q wide range of Middle
East problems. This would permit
the United States to bring up
Soviet agitation in the Middle
East and anticipates Russian
n1aneuvers to limit discussion to
American aggression" And in
London, much the same process
was going on. The British in
Dictated they will question Mos
cows motives in supplying arms
to the United Arab Republic and
what they call NaSser's Arab
imperialism which seeks to topple
small independent nations.
From Cairo came announce
ments that Joint committees of
VAR and Iraqi representatives
were being formed to set up closer
military, political, economic and
educational ties.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27
Opinion Divided

United States public opinion, as
expressed in editorials and re-
fiected on Capitol Hill. seemed to
favor a summit conference. Some
rightwing Republicans. though
not against such meeting. were
wary. Senate Republican Leader
Knowland Of California warned
that the United States should not
accept Russian conditions which
would weaken the United Nations.
A summit meeting now. he said.
would be "a new Munich"
From the other side Of the aisle.
Senator Humphrey. Democrat Of
Minnesota, suggested that Prime
Minister Ben-Gurion of Israel
and representatives of the Arab
states should be invited TO the
summit conference.
This conference offers the first
opportunity we've had to do some
thing constructive to work out a
solution for the Arab-Israeli dis
pute, which is the seed bed for the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27
WEDNESDAY

President Eisenhower replied to
Mr. Khrushchev's proposal that
the United States would be willing
to join Russia at a summit meet
ing withins the Security Council
'1fssach 3 meeting were generally
desired" In his message, he CURLY,
if not angrily, attacked the con-
tent and tenor of Mr.. Khrushchev's
note:
Il cannot agree,g said the Pres
ident. that the United States has
acted in Lebanon in a manner
calculated to disturb the peace.
Rather, 1t is motivated by the
purpose of helping stop acts of
violence fromented from without.
THE manner in which you have
chosen to express yourself is hard
ly calculated to promote the at
mosphere of calm reasonableness
which, you correctly say, should
replace the presently overheated
atmosphere" he continued.
II am not aware of any factual
basis for your extravagantly ex-
pressed fear of the danger Of
general war"
In his reply. French Premier
Charles de Gaulle said he did
not think a summit conference
held under existing conditions had
much chance for success.
Il have a feeling" said Gen. de
Gaulle, that a conference at the
summit, called before a universe
plunged into worry and concern,
would have chances for success
only in conditions of objectivity
and serenity"
Prime Minister Macmillan, as
did President Eisenhower, rejected
Mr.. Khrushchev's charges of
Western aggression but expressed
a willingness to attend summit
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27
Rescue Mission Needed to Avoid Summit Fiasco

to turn it down or refuse to try
1t out in Lebanon, he would do
much to persuade the world that
the method the United States and
Britain have chosen in the Middle
East is at least a necessary evil.
If he did this, the net effect Of
the summit conference would be
to give Washington and London
the moral umbrella they need to
save their reputation. their in
fiuence, and the position Of their
friends in an important area Of
the world. Instead Of a disaster.
the conference would have been
a worthwhile undertaking.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27
THE WEEK

This was the tugging. pulling.
jockeying and finessing that
brought the world closer to a
summit conference. But the in
fiammatory talk from Cairo and
Moscow demonstrated there is
still danger of a slip from the
brink into the abyss Of war. One
Of Col. Nasser's newspapers open
ly urged the assassination Of Jor-
dams King Hussein. and Premier
Khrushchev repeatedly boasted
that Soviet weapons could turn
the United States Sixth Fleet in
the Mediterranean into collins
of molten metal"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27

patrols. efficient investigatory
work, observation and reporting
would help. A U. N. police force
always on the ready-such as the
Senate of the United States rec
commended this week-would be
better. Lebanon could be made
a test case, a laboratory expert
ment.
The U. N. auspices under which
the summit parley is to be held
gives the West an opening. II
Mr.. Khrushchev we're to be offered
a Middle East peace plan based
on naturalization, with effective
U. N. guarantees. and If he were
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27
FRIDAY

The White House made public a
note to Premier Khrushchev
clarifying the United States posi-
ton on the proposed summit con-
ference. The President told the
Soviet leader that a Monday
meeting would be too early for
us" and said the Council itself
will have to determine who shall
attend the meeting. The Presi-
dent also said that the agenda.
although limited to Middle East
problems, would have to go into
the causes Of those problems" as
well as into their effects.
The Soviet's unofflcial response
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27
THURSDAY

Gen. de Gaulle moved quickly
to correct the impression created
in Mr.. Khrushchev's note Of the
day before that France had &C
cepted the invitation to attend
a summit meeting in New York.
ut is clear in our reply Ito Mr..
Khrushchev) we are not in favor
of a summit meeting in New
York at this time" said Ambas-
sador to the United States Herve
Alphand after delivering a state
ment of opposition to the State
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27

Prime Minister Macmillan would
advise the Kremlin that he APP
proved President Eisenhower's pro-
posals. but Gen. de Gaulle's posi-
ton Still remained somewhat UNI
clear. The French leader said
he would not commit himself to
a summit conference until the
conditions are spelled out,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27

with, though it would require a
recasting of certain defense plans.
But there would have to be
some guarantee, it is said here,
that neutralism would be as far
as the region would go. There
would have to be some protection
against subversion of the kind that
nearly took Syria into the Soviet
camp in 1857. That kind of thing
is not true self-determination.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27
Must Be Negotiable

u. N. experience indicates that
If the West does not come for
ward with a peace plan. others
such as India-will, with results
which could be embarrassing in
the extreme.
In order to forestall such moves
effectively. any Western plan
which is put forward must be. or
appear to be. negotiable. II could
not, for example, seek Soviet ac-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27
MONDAY

The United States and Britain
agreed to consider" Premier
Khrushchev's summit conference
proposal. In his message, Mr..
Khrushchev warned that the
Middle East crisis had brought
the world to "the brink of catas-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27
InCongress::
HomeStretch

The 531 members Of Congress,
anxious to get back home in an
election year and tell the voters
Continued on Page Ar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27

trophe" and again charged that
United States and British inter-
vention were acts of aggression.
The Soviet premier said the
USSR cannot remain indifferent
to what is happening in the Near
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-27

If this fact can be dramatized
for all the world to see, the sum-
init parley need not be a propa-
ganda disaster for the West. On
the contrary, diplomats here say,
it could be turned into a major
victory.
The West will not persuade the
world it wants a Middle East set
Element simply by saying so, it is
pointed out. There is a growing
demand, thus far under the sur
face, for the West to come forward
with a concrete plan so reason
able, so constructive. and so for
ward looking that it will capture
imaginations everywhere and thus
give lift and direction to the con-
ference.
Few imagine that such a plan
could be negotiated and agreed
upon in the few days-weeks at
the most-during which President
Eisenhower, Mr.. Khrushchev,
Prime Minister Macmillan. Mr..
Nehru. and presumably French
Premier de Gaulle despite his re-
luctance, will be under the U. N.
roof.
Could Build Bosis
The most that could happen. it
is said here, is that basis for
future negotiation on a lower
level could be hammered out. a
set of broad but not necessarily
meaningless principles could be
agreed upon. and the machinery
for continuing negotiation could
be created
Whether such a result in fact
is attainable or not. U. N. people
say. it would be useful for the
West to make the effort.
II world opinion can be thor
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-20

fields by neutrals. a. provided
IN the Murphy -Beeley compro-
mise. has been given up.
runizia's President Habih
Bourgiba. who had originally
accepted the Anglo-American
plan. thus has gained BY
patience what other North
African nationalist leaders
might have lost by hasty
action.
IL Is perhaps less likely,
American oficials believe. that
President Bourgiba win be
satified with Premier d.
oaulle's policies toward Algeria
although these are still ohvi-
ously In the formative stage.
Secretary OF State Dulles
advisers are now drafting POSI-
ton papers for his conferences
with Gen. de Gaulle. but on
cials are finding this more DIFF
ficult than usual. So little Is
known about Gen. de Gaulle'i
specific attitudes toward the
details Of NATO and French
American relations that precise
positions cannot be taken.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-20
Khrushchev Provides
Incentive to Formers

MOSCOW. June 20 tR.-
The Soviet Communist Party
today announced another step
IN Premier Khrushchev's plans
to beat United States agricul-
tural production by giving Rus
sian farmers more incentive to
grow more.
The party's Central Commit
tee announced collective farms
no longer viii be required to
deliver a large part Of their
output to the government at q
fixed low price.
Instead, a new pricing sys-
tenn will be established for the
entire output Of collective
farms. 1t aims to introduce an
element of competition for low
cost. efficient production.
A report on the Central
Committee meeting Of about
$50 members on Tuesday and
Wednesday also said two men
were promoted to alternate
membership in the commuters
ruling presidium, the key unit
Of power In Russia. It has had
is full members and Q alter
mates.
The two are N. v. Podgorny,
first secretary Of the Ukrainian
Communist Party. and Premier
d. s. Poliansky Of the Russian
Federation, largest republic in
the Soviet Union.
(There was no mention