davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-15
a UNIVERSITY PRESIDENT SPEAKS OUT
We've Had Enough Of Pious Cant

ing of economic science since the
teachings Of the physiocrats? Has
our knowledge of science not adj
yanced since Benjamin Franklin
few. his kite? DO not the great
principles Of democratic self
government, tested by three and
a half centuries Of Anglo-Ameri-
can experience have as much
meaning for us in our time as they
had when they we're written into
our Constitution? 1t is only our
own morbid imagination that
writes finis to the creative posi-
bilIties inherent in these things
The cure for this neurosis lies
not in the stars nor in the sat-
elites. but in ourselves. The Rus,
slams have started the cure. with
shock treatment. It is we who
must complete it. 1t goes without
saying that they win not help us
produce the wisdom to use such
an arsenal in our own defense
without destroying both ourselves
and them in the bargain-the
wisdom to avoid being maneu-
yered into such an impasse, TO
devise more civilized means OF
saving our civilization. All OF these
things we must do by ourselves.
out of our own intelligence and
virtue. not out Of listening to mel
odramatic countdowns from Cape
Canaveral. nor expecting Ameri-
can virtue to flow automatically
from Russian Sputniks.
We have had enough OF the
pious cant that says the sputniks
were a good thing because they
will wake us up, or that the re-
ception of the Vice President IN
South America was a good thing
because it showed up the weak
nesses in the Good Neighbor Pol
lev. This is worse than making a
virtue of necessity. 1t is making
a virtue of disaster. The worst OF
the disaster has not happened yet,
but it easily might if we do not
look these things in the face and
recognize them for what they are,
namely the result of a long cumu-
lative process of self-deception.
We have practiced this art un-
til we have become past masters
of it. What do we think about
the satellites or the Good Neigh
bor Policy? How do we know: VIZ
don't give ourselves time to think
Or when we have the time W.
spend it listening to the myriad
throated muse of the airwave'
telling us what to think. Tit
written word, with the discipline
it exactS from both the write
and the reader, is succumbing u
the spoken word. with its minima
demands upon the intellect, tn
timeworn instrument of the dema
gogue and the false prophet, tn
real opiate of the masses Tn
cure for this disease is in our owl
hearts and minds, in the sam
combination of moral and intel
lectual purpose that inspired tn
founding of this university, at
time when wisdom and vlrtu
were closely allied and educatio
was regarded as a means OF Toll
ing that old deluder, Satan"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-15
BY FRED THEROUX
Star stan Writer


There was no formal commu-
nique issued at the conclusion
Wednesday of British Prime Min
lister Macmillan's visit to the
United States The White House
released a statement declaring
that mo firm decisions" had been
made, but indicated that the in
formal discussions between the
British statesman and American
officials had been concerned with
a wide variety of foreign policy
questions and military matters.
Mr.. Macmillan himself was at
pains to emphasize the economic
aspects of the Vests current sit
uation. In addressing the National
Press Club just before his depart
ure for Canada, he stressed his in
terest in economic problems. par
ticularly in methods of stimula-
ting world trade the did not ex-
clude the Communist bloc as such)
and in building up the economics
of underdeveloped countries.
But there is evidence, discernible
among those officials of the State
Department most closely associa-
ted with the major problems OF
the West in the continuing cold
war. that the major concern Of
the British Prime Minister and the
American Secretary Of State was
not world trade, but rather the
future of the Western alliance,
which is apparently more Of a
big Two" than a big Three"
NucIeur Meeting in Geneva
Most challenging of all is the
impending July meeting at &C.
neva of scientific experts repre-
senting the Soviet Union, the
United States, and four other ma
lions to explore methods Of super
vising and controlling a suspen'
sion of nuclear testing.
AS a matter Of fact, the United
States and Britain are about u
enter into discussions with tn
Soviet Union on the suspension o
nuclear testing without the ap
proval, or even the positive par
ticipation, of France. the thir'
member of the Western alliance
Oficially. the State Department
is prepared to go ahead with tn
Geneva talks counting on the an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-15

and the rock-throwers who woulc
exchange their lot for ours II they
had a chance to,
Wealth Of Human Tolent
No nation commands a greater
abundance of natural resources
than ours, nor as productive an
economy. No nation possesses a
greater wealth of human talent
and energy. nor provides for It SO
much freedom to find its natural
outlet. Given the moral stamina
and the intellectual purpose and
drive, there is no reason why we
should not be able to combine
these elements to our own and
the worlds great benefit.
What has happened is that our
ability to do this has been chal-
lenged, not our innate ability, but
our will, our determination But
that has been challenged many
times. 1t was challenged in our
struggle for independence. 1t has
faced many challenges ever since,
as it must no doubt continue to
do as long as we preserve our
independence. This need not dis
hearten us. We have survived all
such challenges in the past, and
we can survive this one.
In 1778, not long after the Battle
of Saratoga and the alliance with
France had narrowly saved the
life of our country, the French
economist and statesman Turgot
wrote in a prophetic vein about
the American people to his English
friend DR.. Richard Price:
"This people is the hope of the
human race. 1t may become the
model. 1t ought to show the world
by facts, that men can be free and
vet peaceful, and may dispense
with the chains in which tyrants
and knaveS of every color have
presumed to bind them, undel
pretext of the public good. The
Americans should be an example
of political, religious. commercial
and industrial liberty. The asylum
they offer to the oppressed Of ever!
nation, the avenue of escape the
open, will compel governments t.
be just and enlightened; and tn
rest of the world in due time vii
see through the empty illusion
in which policy is conceived. Blu
to obtain these ends for us, Amer
lea must secure them to her
self. :"
Is this not another way Of say
ing that we must be doors OF tn
work, not mere hearers of the wor
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-15
BY RELMAN NORM

ALGIERS.-Premier de Gaulle.
like Mohammed, has come to the
mountains.
He stands before it in Algeria,
pleading for peace. He has a pro-
gram, he says. that will bestow
freedom and equality on the nine
million Arabs. He hopes to
achieve, by this plan, what the
French army has not been able
to do by force of arms-nor the
savage Moslem rebellion against
French rule in this beautiful
country.
The mountain "emainS silent,
brooding, enigmatic.
In Algeria today, 1.-THE noun
tain" signifies the remote, rock
protected centers Of rebellion.
In it's name, hideous cruelties
are committed. Others follow in
reprisal. Blood runs in the vine
yards, wheatfields, scented orange
groves. 1t stains the cleaning
white cities on the edge of the
Mediterranean.
The struggle is now nearly four
years old.
U. S. Is involved, Too
1t menaces France. primarily.
But it reaches out dangerously
toward the United States, the
North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
ton, and all the nations of the
free world. 1t has these implica-
tons:
/. The Soviet Union, %Scavenger
of revolutions" is feeding on this
one. The Communists will try to
take control of the Algerian rebel
lion as they took control of that
in Indochina, and before then
in China.
2. Anything that weakens France
automatically weakenS NATO, o.
which France is a keystone. Tit
Moslem revolt has tied down nearl!
a half million French troops. TIL,
cost to France is variouSly esti'
mated at $500 million to 81 bill
lion year, seriously aggravatinl
Frances financial problems.
3. A French defeat in Algeria
especially if Communist directed
will add impetus to the Sovie
drive in the Middle East. Vic
versa. if De Gaulle can effect
sound working relationship wit
the Moslems here-thus Robin
the Communists of their sloga
of "colonialism" and Imperialism,
the danger to the Middle Eas
will be that much diminished,
In short. whatever happens i
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-15

or lockers in the mirror? Granted
that much of the trouble we have
had in conveying to our world the
impression so wildly conveyed to
Turgot's and DIR. Prices has been
due to the systematic opposition
Of Russia; granted that the Com
munists have done everything in
their power to deface the portrait
and poison the minds Of its be-
holders: there are intrinsic flaws
in the portrait that can and must
be corrected. II Turgot's prophecy
has not fulfilled itself as COM
pletely or convincingly as we wish
it had. it is partly because we
have not met his condition as fully
as we might have done. II the
rest, Of the world cannot see in
us what we would like them to see
it is because we cannot see 1t
ourselves, no matter how often or
how hard we stare at the mirror.
The mirror cannot create; it can
only reflect, and what is not there
to reflect will not be reflected.
We have become too much a
Nation of lockers and listeners, q
Nation of spectators. Amidst the
easy artificiality of our life. the
plethora of substitutes for learn
ing and thinking. the inrlumer-
able devices for avoiding or dele
eating personal responsibility for
our opinions, even for having any
opinions, the fine edge Of our
faith has been dulled, our creative
powers atrophied.
Our Knowledge of Science
Is our independence any less
secure than it was in l778, when
Turgot wrote to DR.. Price, or for
half a century afterwards, when
it hung by a hair. in the most
delicate balance between great
empires struggling for control OF
the world? Have we learned moth
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-15

come on" the promise OF full
fillment ii e..
Past Soviet performance has
shown that granting credits does
not necessarily lead to trade.
When Franklin Roosevelt recog-
nized the Soviet Union in 1888
there were bright hopes in Ameri-
can business and Government
circles that bountiful trade soon
would begin to flow between the
United States and the USSR.
A State Department report at
that time estimated the annual
trade to be $3.50 million.
The Russians. as condition TO
trade. had been seeking large
American credits. Recognition,
went the Russian argument. would
end the State Departments long
standing policy of barring the ex-
tension of credits by sale OF public
securities. This, they claimed,
would free trade barriers.
United States officials, poll
ticians and businessmen believed
this tempting Russian promise.
Export Import BOnk Formed
American officials and business
men looked forward eagerly to
this much-needed economic boost.
The United States Export Import
Bank was formed in 1884 solely
with Russian trade in mind.
Hawthorne Arey, director OF the
bank. stated at a Senate hearing
in 1854 that:
1.-THE xport-Import Bank was
created to facilitate trade between
the United States and Russia. An
immediate and substantial increase
in trade between the two countries
was expected to follow United
States recognition of the Union OF
Soviet Socialist Republics :"
There was only one hitch to
these dreams: The trade, even
with credit facilities available,
failed to materialize. But the Rus
slams had achieved their aim
recognition by the United States,
In view of this long history OF
unrealized hopes, it is understand
able that American officials have
received the Soviet offer coolly
The offer, however, cannot bt
dismissed as just another propa'
ganda move-although it may vel
be just that.
Any proposal which promise
materially to aid depressed Amer
lean business is certain to get
full hearing here.
And there is an even more Sc
rious-and vexing-side to tn
Soviet proposal. American polio,
makers in the post World War ]
era of crisis have by no mean
been able to forge a policy whicl
guarantees effective diplomat
relations with the USSR and ii
satellites.
! Economic Relations Needed
: Certainly we cannot cocks
peacefully unless East West eco
nomic relations are established o
n a friendly and open basis, operat
4 ing to the mutual benefit Of a
countries.
: British Prime Minister MAJ
r milan said nonstrategic East
e West trade should be expands
n He spoke Wednesday at a M
tional Press Club luncheon.
= The Russian trade propoS
Ie once more presents a difficult 81
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-15
Russia S Latest Proposals for More Trade
Find U. S. Recalling What Happened Before

luton for the United States Gov
eminent.
A final decision is bound to
take into account the opinion OF
our business community. Ger
tainly one reveals no dark secrets
when he says that American in
dustrialists should be interested
in any plan which would open
now-closed avenues of trade.
And certainly it is no secret
that in the past American bust
nessmen have made their opinions
count when it comes to foreign
policy matters. These are the
economic facts of life.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-15

-~--~------>-----~~
Algeria can profoundly influence
the worldwide struggle between
the Kremlin and the free nations.
At this moment, De Gaulle comes
forward with an olive branch and
a new deal for the MoslemS.
An ImpelIing Figure
Charles Andre Marie Joseph de
Gaulle is a strange and powerful
personality. He is stubborn, still
backed, often glacial, he is at once q
realist and mystic. a scholar and
a soldier, recluse and a man who
likes theatres. He burns with cold
fire. He is one of the most i'm
polling figures on the world stage
today.
What does his new deal provide?
He has not spelled it out in
detail. Using his elegant. literary
style of speech, he mingles specific
points with cryptic illusions.
In general, he proposes that Al
geria become a part OF France IN
every respect-political, economic
and social.
Starting today" he says,
there are only 10 million French
men in Algeria with absolutely
the same rights and duties. The
Moslem population Of the coun-
try numbers nearly 8 million.
Next, he speaks of an immi-
nent national vote on revising
the constitution of France to
strengthen the executive branch
Of the government.
I'm three months, the 10 mil
lion Frenchmen living in Algeria
will participate with the whole OF
France in a great referendum
when France will decide her des-
tiny"
He strongly urges the Moslems
to go to the polls, assuring them
that their votes will carry equa
weight with the votes of all othel
Frenchmen."
Prepared to Forgive
He indicates that he is prepared
to forgive the leaders and mem
hers of the National Liberation
front-the rebels ION the noun
tain" who have been fighting
France tooth and nail since No
vember, 1854. Saluting them a
courageous men, he says:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-15

This has been q disillusioning
year in the history Of our country.
The unearthly and to us wholly
unexpected achievements OF Rus
sian science All us with foreboding.
Illuminating evidence Of the low
esteem in which our national aims
and aspirations are held abroad
pours in daily from all over the
world. We expect what comes to
us from unfriendly nations. but
when personal acquaintance in
friendly nations regretfully add
their contribution, NORWOOD is
mixed with the gall. The whole
prospect is enough to give us
pause. It is a prospect of isola-
ton and insecurity that threatens
The very foundations of our coun-
try and our civilization.
Fortunately. 1t is only a pros
pect and not yet a fact. We must
prevent it from becoming one.
But how? A problem as vast and
complex as this admits OF no
simple solution. 1t reaches into
every corner Of our life. Some OF
its solution lies in the realm OF
world politics; some in national
politics, some in science, some IN
military strategy; some, as we are
discovering to our amazement, IN
the realm of music and the arts.
One of the most important
parts, since it touches all the
others and is capable of contrib
uting to all unity and force, is
that which lies in the moral
realm, the realm that has, to do
with our fundamental outlook on
life. our basic attitudes and values.
Akin to this, as wisdom is to viz
tue, is the part that falls within
the intellectual realm, for 1t, too
touches all the other parts. quick
ems them into life, and is capable
of giving them force and unity.
We Con Do Something
It is of these two parts, our
moral and intellectual attitudes
N.that / would speak this morning
NFor these are things We can DC
Nomething about, without waiting
N summit conferences, without
bending upon foreign countries
a IDLY or unfriendly. These arr
no Ne-grown products that we car
pui ; any use we wish. Neglected
ort | to the wrong use they coul'
lead is to disaster. Properly cul'
tiva, d and. put to the right US
they could see us safely out o
our predicament.
If they are to do this, If we ar
to exercise the necessary degre
of self-reliance and self-directio
which they require, we must mrs
see our whole problem in perspec
tive, We are still potentially.
not actually, the most powertl
nation in the world. All the Rus
sian earth satellites, all the Var
kees-go-home legends chalked Q
the walls of foreign cities, all tt
rocks thrown at our Vice Pres
dent, have not disproved the fur
damental soundneSs of our Systel
of government and our polite
philosophy; there are million
even among the slogan-chalke
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-15

What are these barriers?
Since 1948 direct shipment of
strategic" commodities to Soviet
Russia have been banned. The
ban has been extended to Soviet
satellite nations.
Today the principal barriers are
contained in the Mutual Defense
Assistance Control Act of 1851
the So-called Battle Act"
The Battle Act declares it to be
the policy of the United States
to apply an embargo on the ship
ment of arms, ammunition and
implements of war to any ma
ton threatening the security of
the United States, including the
Union of Soviet Socialist Repub-
lies and all countries under its
domination.
Exports are controlled by the
Commerce Department. and pros
pective shippers must obtain a
license.
What Are the Focts?
What effect have these bar
rierS had on EaSt-WeSt trade?
In 1916 United States exports to
Russia totaled STAG million. In
1857 the export figure had fallen
to $3.5 million.
Our imports from the Soviet
Union showed a similar decline.
In 1916 we imported goods from
Russia totaling SIT million. In
1857 imports had slipped to Sic
million.
Total trade with the European
Soviet bloc has shown modest
but. steady increase in volume
since 1858, according to Commerce
Department figures.
The Russian proposal for a
massive increase in trade appar-
emily is limited to nonstrategiC
items. Mr.. KhruShchev is reported
to have told Mr.. Eisenhower that
Russia wants to buy large amount:
of machinery and consumer goods
In return, the Soviets seek Il
sell raw materials, machinery anC
chemical products.
The Russians, however. are add
ing a significant barrier of theil
own: They want to purchas'
American goods if they can Obtain
substantial, long-term credits.
This, too, is a time-teSted So
Wet diplomatic gesture-it is tn
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-15
By HAYNES JOHNSON
Star Staff Writer

Once again, Soviet Russia is
dangling a well-baited lure OF
trade before the United States.
And once again the initial
United States reaction has been
hesitant-if not negative.
The Soviet proposal calling for
a massive increase in East-West
trade promises many things: 1t
promises - magnanimouSly - to
help the United States out OF
an economic recession; it promises
to open sorely needed overseas
markets; it promises to reduce
international tensions created in
part py barriers to trade.
Soviet Premier Khrushchev, IN
his recent eight-page message to
President Eisenhower, is reported
to have said the volume OF trade
could amount to several billions
of dollars In the next few years.
Foce VoIue-ond Beyond
At face value, this is an attrac-
tive prospect for American manu-
facturers. We have surplus goods
to sell; the Russians have the
consumers-some 800 million per-
sons inside the Communist bloc.
Unfortunately. the American
Government has learned that So
Wet trade proposals cannot be
taken at face value. The history
of Soviet-American trade relations
contains numerous examples OF
grandiose Soviet promises-wlth
lust as numerous examples OF
unfulfllled hopes.
In 1888 another stocky, smiling
Russian. Maxim Ltvinoff, in a
significant speech before the
World Economic Conference in
London, held out prospects that
the Soviet Union might place i'm
mediate trade orders to the sum
of 81 billion"
Later that year, in a speech
before prominent American bust
nessmen' in New York's Waldorf
Astoria Hotel, MIR. Litvinotf, first
Soviet Ambassador to the United
States. said the United States
could make use of the 81 billion
worth of trade Ito the extent o.
at least so or 10 per cent"
Impressive words especial!
when uttered during the depths
of the greatest economic depres
sion the United States has known
In the past IS years, the Rus
SLAMS have played on this them
again and again.
Again in 1852
At the 1852 international Eco
nomic Conference In Moscow tn
Russians once again busted OF
their old record.
The Soviets at that time OF
fered to engage with the capital
list world in trade that woul
amount to between SIS billio
and $40 billion in the next tw
to three years.
And in l954-another recessio
year-Russia again held forth
lure of trade. The bait was II
same: 800 million consumers am
ious and ready to assimilate
billion worth of Western goods.
The Russian policy seems to b,
Make a grandiose offer. prefe'
ably at time of economic rece
sion, and then call for a remov
of barriers to trade.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-15

nounced intention of French Pre-
mier de Gaulle to abide by all
Frances international commit
ments. The signature of Jules
Moch, French representative to
the London conference of the
3 United Nations Disarmament Sub
commission, is already affixed to
the proposal of the Western pow
erS for a package" disarmament
plan including a suspension Of
nuclear testing.
But France is known to be on
the verge of testing her own first
nuclear bomb at her Sahara test
site. Even the politicians of the
Fourth Republic were almost
unanimously determined that
France, long suffering from the
Illustrations and frenzies of a
Great Power unable to fulfill the
role such title implies, must be-
come a full-f1edged member of
the atomic club"
Gen. de Gaulle, considering
himself the personification Of
French glory and tradition. and
above all determined to restore
France to the ranks of the worlds
greatest powers, is certainly more
determined than would be any
of his predecessors in the Fourth
Republic that the French entry
into the nuclear weapons race
take place soon.
French Support q Question
1t is therefore practically GER
tain that the West will sit across
the green baize from the Soviet
scientists at Geneva without
French support.
An agreement by which the
United States, the. Soviet Union
and Britain, as Of today the only
nations in the world possessing
nuclear arms. decide to desist II
further testing will be Of Ettlt
significance if France holds alooi
, French nuclear blasts in thu
, Sahara will be as lethal to tn
atmosphere of the world a
> American test shots at Eniwetok
= of Soviet explosions in Siberia, o
British tests at Christmas Island
I. Paris has already given hin
of what is TO come in the chang
2 ing pattern Of French attitude
: resulting from the advent of Ger