davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-07

weapon scene almost a decade
after the war. The Nautilus, the
first, was commissioned in 1854,
followed in 1857 by the Seawolf
and Skate.
Five other atomic subs have
been launched but not commits
stoned. IA are being constructed
and IL others have been author
lied by Congress, bringing to 80
the total number planned, in
building or launched.
All told. the Navy has ITO active
submarines today as well as a
bulky moth ball"-or reserve
fleet.
The major advantages of the
nuclear submarines over those run
by conventional power are these:
They can dive much deeper. travel
considerably faster submerged and
remain under water indefinitely.
1t took man hundreds of years
to plan and groom the submarine
for warfare. but in a relatively
short time it has Enthusiastically be-
come one Of his most feared mill
tary possessions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-07

Pacific feet in the war, said that
our submarines whitfield down
the great Japanese merchant feet
to such a point that the enemy
overseas operations were gravely
imperiled."
Here's a striking example of the
submarines contribution toward
victory: While manned by only
$4,000 of the Nays 1880. 900 war
time personnel, submarines &C
counted for a staggering So per
cent of the total japanese shipping
destroyed.
Shortly after the war ended,
the Navy began pushing revolu-
tionary program; Nuclear propul-
sion for submarines.
The Navy asked the Atomic
Energy Commission in December.
1947. for early development and
construction of a reactor suitable
for a submarine. Within a few
months after this request, the
Acc initiated the project.
Why the submarine, Of all yes
sells, was selected for nuclear pro-
pulsion is explained by Rear Adj
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-07

munists appeared to have tight
ened their sea and air blockade
of Quemoy and the Matsus effec-
lively. The Nationalist garrison is
reported well supplied with food
and ammunition. But Rear Ad-
miral Liu Hoh-tu, Chiang's chief
military spokesman, said in Taipei
Friday that United States war
ships might soon be needed to
convoy supplies to the beleaguered
garrison.
The largest naval striking force
ever seen. the United States
It'll Fleet, meanwhile was cruis-
ing around Formosa ready for
any eventuality. Six huge carriers.
presumably armed with nuclear
weapons, pose a lethal warning to
Peiping's strategists. Tactical COM
manders, however, have no author
ity on their own to employ nuclear
weapons. Such an order, the adj
miniStration has stressed, can
come from the President alone.
On Okinawa, where most Amer
lean armed might in the Far East
is stationed. Air Force squadrons
were in constant readiness. At
Clark Field in the Philippines,
reinforced fighter and bomber
squadrons awaited eventualities.
From Washington, Air Force Gen.
Curtis LeMay, Vice Chief OF Staff
and former commander Of the
Strategic Air Command, took of
in a fast KC-135 jet tanker for
Formosa.
Reaction to the American de-
ciSion among our allies in Europe
was decidedly unfavorable. Brit
ish newspapers, in particular,
criticized the United States policy
toward Communist China and
Formosa. Some saw in the pres
ent situation "a new exercise in
craftsmanship" referring to Mr..
Dulles reported brink Of war"
techniques. The influential Man.
chester Guardian said there can
be no Joy in this for any of
Americas allies it is hard to
see how the Americans can emerge
from their position without
humiliation or major war;"
Yesterday Communist China re-
sponded cautiously, again in Dip
lomatic language of studied
ambiguity. Chou En-lai, astute
premier of the Peiping regime,
called on the United States ito
make another effort for the de-
tense of peace" by 'resuming talks
at the ambassador level, such as
were referred to by Mr.. Dulles in
his statement Thursday. But Mr..
Chou again insisted that the ques-
ton of Formosa was a Chinese in
ternal affair, and repeated the
Peiping determination to exercise
Chinese sovereignty and to lib
crate those areas"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-07
Red chino's Attitude

To Communist China, the pres
ence of Chiang'S forces on the
string of islands constitutes more
than an annoyance. Besides their
threat to Amoy's shipping. they
serve also as an air base Tor
forays over the mainland and as
a doorstep center for Nationalist
espionage. Perhaps even more
important is their psychological
effect on the Peiping regime, long
bitter that Chiang's government
represents all China on the United
Nations Security Council.
Peiping announced Thursday,
shortly before the Newport state
nent, that henceforward Chinese
territorial waters extended IL
miles from all territories of the
Peoples Republic of China" This
extension from the standard 8
to IL miles puts most Of the
offshore islands within Chinese
territorial limits, thus making any
American naval or air activity in
the area a technical intrusion
into Chinese jurisdiction. The
announcement broadcast by Pei
ping Radio specifically included
"the island of Taiwan" and the
offshore islands as part of China,
and warned China has the right
to recover these areas by all suit
able means at a suitable time.
This is China's internal affair in
which no foreign interference is
tolerated"
The United States promptly
rejected the Peiping claim as
invalid and illegal. In Taipei.
capital of Formosa. Nationalist
officials also rejected the an
nouncement. Whether Peiping can
make the extension stick remains
to be SEEN Other nations have
altered their territorial waters
limits, some successfully; last week
similar extension to IL miles
around Iceland stirred a lively
Goldfish war" between British
fishing trawlers and Icelandic
coast guard vessels.
As the week ended. the Com
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-07

miral I. ]. Galantin, a veteran
submariner and now Deputy Chief
of Staff, Logistics and Admins
tration for CINCSOUTH, in the
magazine United States Naval In
stitute Proceedings.
Admiral Galantin writes that
'of all types of naval ships. the
submarine had most to gain from
this revolutionary power source.
Advantages Of Subs
He lists the reasons: I'd A heat
source independent of oxygen
and thus the atmoSphere-making
it a true Submersible";; 20 the
submarine. unlike surface craft,
can operate unsupported in enemy
waters; 30 the submarine en-
bodies the advantage Of conceal
ment. and a. in its proper ele-
neutrality-suspicious. submarine
is unaffected by bad weather.
which can hinder surface vessels.
The first omic-powered sub
marine in which Admiral Rick
over played such a leading role,
made its noisy entry into the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-07
SPACE CONTROL PLAN

East-W West propaganda war. this
latest American gesture gives the
West a defense against the more
sweeping provisions of the Soviet
plan and a tool with which to
combat the appeal it otherwise
might have had in the 81-nation
U. N. Assembly. 1t opens up wide
possibilities for constructive ac-
ton in its field.
Seen from a broader perspective.
however, the American plan is a
device to fend off pressure for
premature space disarmament. It
will be interesting to see how
Western public opinion reacts to
this novel posture which circum-
stances have imposed upon the
United States Government.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-07
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE

Assembly over the Cabinet would
be sharply curtailed. The Presi-
dent would be elected by an as
sembly of "notables," a provision
Mr.. Mendes-France found par
.ticularly unacceptable.
The peoples Of Frances colonial
possessions will be able to choose.
when they vote on the proposed
constitution, whether they will re-
main in the French Union or
secede. This provision will not
apply in revolt-torn Algeria, how
ever, because that North African
territory is technically AN integ-
raj part Of metropolitan France"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-07
Massive
Resistance

it was a hard decision. An in
dorsement would do much to erase
the separate identity which they
have maintained for so long and
which has been the basis of their
appeal as a party, Some even
feared that support for Tam
many's man might even mean
the end of the Liberal Party.
But it was back Tammany or
see Republican Kenneth B. Keat-
ing elected to the Senate.
The Liberals chose to indorse
Mr.. Hogan, thus making the
Democratic candidate the bettorS'
choice at this stage of the cam
paign.
Both Mr.. Heating and the Re-
publicans' gubernatorial candi-
date, Nelson Rockefeller, have in
Dictated they will make "bossism"
an issue in the campaign,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-07
Middle East:
More Talks

The energetic and hard-to-
discourage Secretary General of
the United Nations, Dag Ham
marskjold, continued his gruelling
tour of Arab capitals last week.
After leaving Amman, he spent
three days closeted with President
Nasser of the United Arab Re-
public in Cairo.
Except to describe his lengthy
sessions with the UAR leader as
frank and useful, Mr.. Hammar-
skiold observed his careful policy
of mo comment" while his delicate
negotiations were still in progress.
He goes now to Iraq for converse
tions with the new republican
government, then to Lebanon, and
again to Jordan.
Reports from Cairo continued to
indicate optimistic expectations
that the Secretary Generals mis-
sion would achieve at least &C
ceptable results. The Arab states
themselves seek a peaceful solu-
ton Of the areas difficulties, but
are determined that any program
for sterilization shall bear an
Arab label.
In Lebanon last week, conditions
were gradually returning to norm
al, The rebel broadcasting station,
Voice of Arabism". closed down
four transmitters voluntarily 'in
the national interest" toward "co-
operation with the new regime.
That regime will take over at
Beirut on September "a with the
Inauguration Of Gen. Fouad
Chehab, commander Of the armed
forces. as President to succeed
Camille Glamour.
But United States marines and
soldiers remained. at their posts
in Lebanon, and British para
troopers stayed in Jordan, pend
ing the outcome of Mr.. Hammar-
skjolds mission.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-07

times called, served the Navy from
the early l920s into World War II,
sinking $1,000 tons of Japanese
shipping in the war.
Between World War I and the
outbreak of World War ii, great
strides were made in size, speed
and armament capabilities of SUBJ
marines. These advances enabled
the Navy to badly cripple Japa-
nese shipping in the war.
Embodying these capabilities
was the World War II tteet-type
submarine, the Nays top under
water fighter in the war. The
fieet-types were capable of 20
knots surface speed (slower sub
merged, measured 800 feet in
length and 81 feet at beam and
were armed with 10 torpedo tubes,
At wartime peak the United
States had 247 submarines oper-
ating. Fifty-two were lost in the
war.
Praise From Nimitz
Admiral Chester w. Nimitz, COM
mander in chief Of the Nays
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-07
Continued From Page A-2s

Continued From Page A-ZS
islands would be made only If the
attack appeared to be a forerun-
ner or a part Of an attack on
Formosa itself.
Thursdays Newport statement
was, in effect. a decision that an
assault on the islands would be
considered an attack on Formosa.
AS Mr.. Dulles pointed out in pre-
vious statements during the pres
ent crisis. the 'interdependence"
of Formosa and the offshore
islands had greatly increased
since the 1854 treaty was put into
effect.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-07

Continued Fr"m Page A-29
plan on the U. MS docket which
provided for both space disarma-
ment. on their terms. and CO.
operative peaceful development.
What Mr.. Lodge was doing was
attempting to steal the copyright
to the latter part of the Russian
plan and divorce it from the part
which provided for disarmament.
Spelling out his latest ideas in
a formal memorandum to the
U. N. last week, Mr.. Lodge said
space disarmament should be
separated from space-for-peace,
and that in the disarmament field,
a committee should be set up to
study the problem.
AS a tactical maneuver in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-07
NUCLEAR AGE UNDER WATER
MUcEAR AGE UNDER WAFER
The Submarine Brings Itself Up to Date
BY DONALD s. SMYTH
bpecial Writer for The Btar

The atomic-powered submarines
which thrilled the world by cruis-
ing under the ice pack in the
North Pole early last month are
golden links in a long chain of
submarine progress and history.
The United States Navy's
powerful undersea warships Naut-
illus and Skate, which navigated
the waters beneath the polar ice
sheet and thus proved their adapt
ability to the nuclear age. can
trace their family tree all the way
back to early historical times.
Like most everything me-
chanical, the early Greeks and
Italian Renaissance MASTER fall
fields Leonardo da Vinci either at
tempted to build submerSibles or
considered their application in
warfare.
Greek philosopher Aristotle
writes of early attempts at build
ing undersea vessels. but it wasn't
until the 18th century that sub
stantial progress was achieved in
summarizing.
The American army employed
q crude submersible against the
British in the Revolutionary War
and Robert Fulton, inventor of
the steamship, built several
underSea craft capable of navi-
eating. including the Nautilus in
1900.
Success in Civil War
1t wasn't until the Civil War,
however, that a submarine was
successful in combat. The Con-
federate sub Hunley, a mite of a
vessel at % feet, sank the Union
frigate Housatonic at Charleston.
S. c., in 1864 to become the first
sub to sink ship in combat.
The Navy has played a major
role in developing the submarine
"a vessel which proved such an
Important factor in naval warfare
in two world wars and will con-
stinue to help at sea If another
should break out.
The Nays submarine force was
born on April IL, 1900 with the
commissioning of the USS Hol-
land-the first submarine &C
cepted by the Navy.
Only 81 feet in length. powered
BY a single gasoline engine and
capable of making only eight
knots surface speed. the Holland
was a far cry from the Sleek
speedy, deep-diving atomic ships.
But the Holland showed the
way to better days in suomarln-
ing. BY 1911, 20 submarines had
been built and by 1914 the Navy
boosted Is in commission, with
the "E" class subs, the first driven
by diesel engines, being the sturdl-
est.
The Skipjack, an e" class YES
sci, in 1917 became the first SUD-
marine to make a transatlantic
crossing. She could hit IA knots
surface speed and considerably
slower submerged.
Subs in World War
Although American submarines
played a comparatively small part
In World War I, the Navy had so
undersea vessels-all diesel-power-
cooperating in the war. The
90" "R," and 81" classes were
used, though they sank no enemy
ships.
AS a matter of fact, American
submarines didn't even make
enemy contacts. German subs,
on the other hand. we're highly
successful in the war, sinking
many Allied ships and a few
American vessels.
After these early-model SUD-
marines came the IS" class. These
"old reliables," as they were some
Arkansas State press., 1958-03-07

chief Deputies Goforth Coleman Beverly Roberts are
proud OF the that has been thus far through
the EFFORTS OF their organizations Plans being
lated TO provide music the the lunch period
VIII DE wholesome and pleasant nerude in the pupils school
day. - 1890
Inc organizations are attempting live up pledge
VIII help to reduce crime by fully cooperating with nv church
parents teachers and law enforcement agencies and will en-
courage other boys and girls to do likewise other areas
of school activities.
Other activities during this year have included
maintaining safety patrol Each morning evening vol
ueer ep with school traffic at the busy intersections
found our school, The following boys good lob in
lns capacity Benjamin Howell Napoleon Eugene Jones'
James Humphrey Neal Lane, and Shelby Wilson,
leachhg IRE SAFETY is another of the activities of the
Junior Deputy Sheriffs and Sheriffees bov
hep IN Keeping order and acting monitors during reo
lar fire drills Especially active this capacity are lanes
Sally and Joe Jones.
The following pupils members of the official staff of
Continued page -
Arkansas State press., 1958-03-07
Pine Street School

CONWAY-The choir sang at
Ebenezer Methodist church Sun
day at the Race Relations Day
program. Oliver Bell is director.
The Polar Bears were defeated
in the District tournament by the
Fort Smith Pirates.
The Seventh Grade class honor
ed their parents with a program
and refreshments on Tuesday
night. The patriotic theme of red,
white, and blue prevailed with
minutemen hats used as center
pieces on the table, and fasci-
miles Of Chinese chimes of red,
white and blue steamers hang
ing from the lights. The discus
sion for the evening conferred a.
round the theme, Character
Building Is A Cooperative Affair"
Each parent was presented pic
torial programs OF the evenings
activities. Anna Ruth Givan was
mistress of ceremony. The class
presented one act play, "Oh
Babyp Characters were Barbara
Lasker, Loretta Cornett, Betty
Fuller, Edgar Madison, Odell EN-
bry and Carol Ann Price.
Mrs. Ida Jane Madison won the
Continued on page Ten
Arkansas State press., 1958-03-07
:: WITH THE SCHOOLS :
= Dunbar Junior High School :

The Science Explorers club presented an assembly on
tuesday February 25 The program play Could
Be You which pointed the Importance training in var
ous aspects of science in this travel and extern
sve scientific Appearing in this PLAY were the fol-
lowing pupils Sybl Jordan Fosse Nunney Helen Richard
son. Celestne Williams Tetoba Hayes Fisher Robert
Jones, Onzel Wright Lawrence Smith, Thad Honeycutt
Charles Webb Freddie Reeves Stanley Shavers John Jeffrey
Margaret Emby Ella Jackson, Herbert Denton, Richard
Mays Conrad Pao Dwight Johnson Ada Shine
Shirley Freeman Jacquelyn HILL Bertram Thomas
Joyner.
Other numbers which presented were Sonata No
l. Beethoven piano solo by Cecil Douglass "Unchained
Melody vocal solo by Alice Jones; Lament" VIII
liam Grant Still, vocal ensemble directed by Mrs H.
Galloway.
Mrs NJ. Parr presented the club with its charter from
the national organization and Principal Edwin
presented the club members with certificates of membership
cards. John Jones served Master of Ceremonies
Among the important and quite active organizations at
Dunbar Junior High school is the Junior Red This
group is affiliate of the American Junior The
services OF the members voluntary and rendered be-
fore school, during the day. and after the regular
school hours All the members
to know is that their services needed
The organization has been huite active in civic we'll
school service 1t has participated in the following act
ties during the current school year:
l. Membership campaign-1172 pupils at Dunbar paid
members.
q Exhibited on the main floor display of art which was
produced by pupils in foreign countries.
B. Contributed home made cookies made in the honemang
classes as Thanksgiving project to the V A. hospital
Donated large box of assorted toys puppets (made
by pupils in the Art Department. to the Crippled Child
rens Hospital for Christmas.
5. Presented large number pocket editions Westerns
and Mysteries to the V. A. Hospital at Christmas.
The toys and books made available by the home
All gifts distributed by the American Junior
Red Cross, Pulaski County Chapter.
Thirty-one gift boxes have been requested by Chap
ter to be distributed among pupils to be filled.
AS affiliate of the American Junior
entitled to share in the following activities
1. The American Red Cross Children's Fund
q Gift boxes to be sent gesture of friendship to
children in other countries
3. School correspondence program
A. international School Music Project
s. International School Art Program
g. The production program which gives boys and girls
opportunity to make recreationa and comfortable
tices for and servcemen in hospitals
z Red Cross accident prevention first aid
safety and nursing.
8. Community service anything that is helpful and
good educatonaly such traffic safety activities
rodent control, antiNvaste campaign
The Junior Deputy Shes and the Junior Deputy Sher
ffettes have selected their major project for this school
conditions the cafeteria Each
the lunch periods boys and girls preside hosts and hos
the tables and the pupils maintain
Arkansas State press., 1958-03-07

The Junior Deputy Sheriffs and the Junior Deputy Sher-
ffette have selected their major project for this school
year improvement of conditions in the cafeteria Each day
the lunch periods boys and girls preside hosts and hos
the tables and encourage the pupils to maintain prop
er decorm and leave the tables tidy.
Diario las Américas., 1958-11-21

mas de 100 dssde Ell 8 de no.
Viembre
Los ultimos combates de que
da euenta Ell ejercito que sin
embargo no menciona ell de San.
tiago de Cuba citado por los
rebeldes. ocurrieron en- Puerto
Padre, donde dice que estos tu-
vieron 10 bajas y ell ejercito 2;
Camagiiey, donde los rebeldes
tuvieron IL bajas y ell ejercito
/; Quemaditos y Las Macias,
donde 20 rebeldes fueron muer-
tos y 10 de SuS vehiculos y IL
de sus caballos fueron destrui-
dos.
FL ejercito dice que tuvo un
muerto v dos heridos en- I'm en-.
cuentro en- la carretera entire
Los Negros y Barre, pero no
precisa las oajas rebeldes, Ii
nitandose a decir que ''fueror
muchas"
Diario las Américas., 1958-11-21
NO CREE A CASTRO
COMUNISTA

WASHINGTON, Nov. 20 =
(UPI)- Tn comunista declara-
do cubano diio en- una en-
trevista captada en- cinta magne-
to1onica y transmitida por una
radioemisora de Washington
que 81 no cree que Fidel Castro
sea communist
La entrevista la hiZo en- Gu
ba Steve Allison, de la estacion
WWDC Allison dijo que hizo
la entrevista con plena autoriza-
cion de funcionarios del Go.
bierno cubanO
Allison, que regreso reciente-
mente de Cuba, dijo que Sc lie
nego una entrevisa con ell Pre-.
sidente cubano Fulgencio Bats
ia y con ell Presidente elects
DR.. Andres Rivero Agiiero.
La entrevista la hizo con Jo-
Sc Matar Franyie, que fue en-
c2rcelado hace pocas semanaS
por ser comunista. Ell coronel
Mariana FACET Diaz, Director &c
neral de Investigaciones Co.
munistas (BRAC) que autorizo
Ia entrevista, sirvio de interpre-
ts.
Allison dijo que pregunt6 a
Matar Frayie: t"Cree listed que
Fidel es I'm comunista?" Ell in
terrogado contesto: EN- mi OPT.
Mon particular. no creo que
Castro sea un eomunista'.
Matar Frayie agreg6 que Sc
lie habia dicho que Ell hermano
de Fidel, Raul, habia visitado
CIecoeslovaquia u otro pals de
L. Cortina de Hero. cuando
Matar Frayie estaba ALA.
SIN embargo, dijo que nunca
VIC a Raul en- sus Wales. Matal
Frayie diio que preferiria que
Castro tuese Presidente mejor
que Batista, porque este ultl.
Diario las Américas., 1958-11-21
Viene de la Primera)

I'm convoy entire Victoria de las
Tunas y Hoiguin. Los revolu.
,ionarios, agrego, Sc apoderarou
de Seis vehiculos cargados de
abastecimientos. Tambien admi-
tic que dos rebeldes resultaron
muertO6.
Ademas, la radio dijo que loE
rebeldes incendiaron tres omni-
Gus cerca de Santiago de CUBA
e :lIrieron a seiS soldados que
custodiaban los mismos. Tam
bien anunci6 que murio en- ac-
ci6n ell dirigente rebelde Noel
dirigente rebelde Noel Fer
nandez, zen algun lugar del tren
te de Camagiiey" que es ell fren
tie central de Cuba.
Mientras tsntU, en- La Habana,
la policia anuncio la detencion
de dos importantes dirigentes
cJmuListas a su vuelta de 'cur.
sos de adiestramiento" en- Russia
y dijo cue ellos son Fidel Do
menech Benitez, de "a amos. Je,
fe del movimlento subversivo en-
la provincial de Oriente, y Jose
Mdtar Franyle, de "a amos, jefe
del movimiento clandestino en-
la provincial de La Habana.
Ell EJERCITO NO COMENTA
LA HABANA, Nov. 20 CUPID
= 81 Ejercito ha hecho un la
mamiento para mas reclutas
mientras Sc revive la por largo
tempo estancada batalla de San
tigJ de Cuba
FL Quartet general del ejercito