davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-11
DAVID LAWRENCE
Preventive and Preventive War

VAAe WAA8t @0Rts uACot0Al
wrote was related solely to
measures to be taken-after
due warning-by the United
States and its allies to thwart
another nation when. as he
said, there is positive evil
dence' that such a nation Is
preparing to launch an at
tack at once.
I'm an editorial in U. s.
News & World Report on
December Is last, ! wrote:
We in America and our allies
abroad are faced with the
danger Of being destroyed be-
cause we are unwilling to
strike the first blow. For us
to strike the first blow Is
called preventive war" and
the idea is promptly waved
aside as unthinkable. But
where Is the guarantee
against surprise attack?
There is a middle course
between the two extremes.
Soviet Russia must not be
led to believe that we will
take the first blow. Our
forces must be ready over
seas and In this country TO
strike not only whom
through our devices Of de-
lection - Soviet planes or
missiles are known to have
left the ground but when the
mobilization for attack
against US begins
Surely you would not deny
to America and her allies-the
right to intercept an attack
with pre-emptive blows.
Il appealed in that same ed
itorial for an ironclad agree
nlent limiting or abandoning
altogether the use Of atomic
bombs and missiles by all ma
tons. ] repeated the plea on
January 10. 1858. when i
wrote that, unless a fool.
proof system Of inspection &C
companied any agreements
reached. either Side-believing
that 1t is truly acting in self
defense-may feel compelled
to inhict the first blow as
the real deterrent. and that
this is why a disarmament
agreement has become an abb
solute necessity.
Progress, however, toward
such an agreement will not be
made by ignoring the realistic
facts Of military strategy as
outlined publicly by your own
military men and by attempt
ing to divert attention from
the policy Of 'pre-emptive
war officially adopted In 1855
BY the Soviet Union"
Reproduction Rights Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-11

Premier Bulganin Of the
Communist regime in Mos
COW wrote q letter on March
3 to President Eisenhower
which Is q striking example
Of why there Is q lack Of un-
derstanding between the So
Wet and the American
peoples.
One section Of the Bull
ganin letter is based on q
faulty translation in Moscow
Of the difference between the
words preventive war" and
"pre-emptive war" Conse-
Quently the following mes
sage was today cahled to the
Kremlin by this writer:
ITO Premier Hulganin: In
your letter Of March 3 to
President Eisenhower you
questioned his statement
that he knows Of no one in
the United States who Is adj
vocating preventive war
The President Is right--no-
body is advocating il. You,
however, refer in rebuttal to
the comments Of certain
American writer's, including
myself. and you point par
ticularly to some articles in
D.. s. News & World Report,
Of which I happen to be the
editor.
Perhaps due to faulty
translation, you unfortunate
" confuse the discussion Of
'pre-emptive war with pre-
ventiye war; In the proper
understanding of these two
phrases lies the key to q So
luton Of the critical prob
lens Of disarmament and an
eventual relaxation Of ten
sions in the world.
Actually we in U. S. News
and World Report first dis
covered the significance of
the phrase 'pre-emptive war
by translating several mil
ttary journals published in
the Soviet Union in which
articles by your prominent
military men disclosed that
'pre-emptive war was made
the Official policy of the
Soviet Union in 1855, The
oretically. its purpose is said
to be to defend oneself
against q surprise attack
Surely you would not
deny the United States the
right to adopt for itself this
same doctrine as a measure
Of defense.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-11
Mission of West German Defense Chief
OF Weighty Significance to Diplomats

II. Her colonial empire has
disintegrated; her resources
have been tied UP in frus-
trating and losing struggles
since l945 to keep her rebel
lious colonials in line. She
has lost Morocco and Tunisia
and Indo.C China, and is
rapidly losing Algeria. Her
government is weak and in
effectual. Her population is
cynical and distrustful Of all
politicians, many Of whom are
venal and petty men unable
to understand the response
bilities Of power or the neces-
stiles Of national integrity.
Britain is in far better con-
dition, but again Britain is
also an empire on the wane.
British prestige, once the
greatest in the world. is
dwindling to nothing. Brit
ish power is a shadow Of its
former might.
The debacle Of the British
French invasion Of Egypt in
1856 served to underline
what world statesmen have
known for years-that the
Old Order is vanished. Con-
sequently. Mr.. Dulles acted
only as o practical student
Of international affairs when
he refused to support the
British and French in their
haphazard adventure in
Egypt.
But Germany. If only be-
cause of her geographical
location in the "heartland"
Of the European continent,
is certain to be the prime
power Of the future. Her re-
uniflcation is a historical in
evitability. But the prospect
Of q reunited and rearmed
Germany is a frightening one
to all the peoples Of Europe.
and particularly to the Soviet
Union. II Is not frightening
to Mr.. Dulles, particularly
since he accurately gauges
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-11

Senate Government Opera
tons, Representative Wilbur
Mills Of House Ways and
Means and Representative
Oren Harris Of House Inter-
state and Foreign Commerce.
In addition, Senators Nc
Clellan and Harris are to-
day the chief congressional
Investigators.
But Mr.. Cross had reckoned
without one large fact. A
competitor, the gregarious
Richard. Mack of Florida, was
an Eisenhower Democrat. Mr..
Cross is just a Democrat. Mr..
Mack got the job. Speaker
Rayburn fumed, but since the
FEC statute doesn't distin-
guish-as he does-between
Eisenhower and other Dem
ocratS, they fell in line.
But Mr.. Mack let down his
side. He was let out and Re-
publican National Chairman
Alcorn in a formal statement
explained that Mr.. Mack was
after all q Democrat. Mr..
Cross had landed in the
State Department as assist
ant chief Of its telecommuni-
cations division.
Last week Gerald Morgan,
an Adams aide, summoned
Mr.. Cross to the White House.
Mr.. Adams put Just one ques-
ton to him:
Have you still got the in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-11
DOROTHY THOMPSON
Remnants Views on German Arms

everyone. including the "un-
committed" nations.
Armed neutrality could be
guaranteed by both power
blocs in agreements to pro-
tect each other should Ger
many ever start an offensive
in either direction.
Two armed Germanys, sup
ported by mutually hostile
power blocs, would never
achieve unification and pre-
vent any reasonable settle
ment between Russia and
the West.
I 60 into this recollection
to admit that for eight years
! have been prejudiced in
favor Of George Remnants
thesis.
Mr.. KEENAN, believes that
the United States should dis
engage itself militarily in
Germany and eventually In
Europe in return for Russian
withdrawal Of its military
forces from Eastern Europe.
That the Russians (via
Poland) have recently pro-
posed this is no argument. in
itself. against 1t. But Russian
withdrawal should include
Hungary, which significantly
has not been included.
Personally, I doubt whether
Russia would withdraw from
East Germany in return for
neutrality. My guess Is that
Russia while making over
lures really wants the main.
tenance Of the status quo.
But as long as we maintain
our present posture. Russia
can continue to pose as the
only champion Of a peaceful
and reasonable settlement In
Europe propaganda asset
which this column wished we
had seized in 1850.
'"Russia, the Atom, and
the West" George F. Ken.
nan, Harper Bros. $3.50.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-11

The publication here Of
George Remnants British
broadcasts' makes it possible
to discuss them.
Mr.. KEENAN, cannot be dis
missed as unknowledgeable q
starry-eyed idealist, bemused
by pro- ussianism, nor re-
jected because he has never
been persona grata to Secre-
tary Of State Dulles. and has
aroused the wrath Of Dean
Acheson, under whom he once
served as director Of his policy
planning division.
Mr.. KEENAN, was the author
Of the Commitment" policy
Of President Truman which
led to the demand by Russia
for his removal Is American
Ambassador there. He served
this country as q foreign
service official for nearly q
generation.
He has, ] think, limitations
when 1t comes to viewing
overall world problems. But
] doubt whether any Of his
critics begin to know Is much
about Russia or Germany.
Mr.. Acheson, former Sec
Rotary Of State, is furious be-
cause Mr.. Kennan has chal-
lenged the policy Of arming
West Germany within NATO.
That was Mr.. Acheson's
"baby."
The decision was announced
by Mr.. Acheson after a meet
ing Of Western foreign min
listers in September, 1850,
when q few Of US. supposed
to be public opinion mold
ers," were called In to be
sold" on the idea. This col
umnist alone dissented.
The argument for rearming
West Germany rested upon
an analogy with Korea, ]
thought the analogy falla-
cious. True, both were par
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-11

The current visit to this
country Of West Germany's
Minister Of Defense, Franz
josef Strauss. has received re-
latively little press coverage.
Part Of the reason for the
light interest in the visit on
the part Of the communica-
tons media was what APP
peared to be q deliberate eff
fort on the part of the West
German Embassy and the
State Department to soft
pedal the trip. Denials were
even issued that Mr.. Strauss
was here to discuss the Ra-
packi plan for q "deneutral-
lied. atom-free" zone in Gem
trail Europe.
But the facts are that the
mission Of Mr.. Strauss was
important indeed, and the
subjects he talked about with
our top diplomats were Of
weighty significance. There
is q strong possibility that
Franz Josef Strauss will be
the next Chancellor Of the
German Federal Republic. In
any event. he holds q position
in the Adenauer government
much more important than
his nominal Job Of Defense
Minister indicates.
What makes the Strauss
visit doubly significant is the
ever more apparent fact that
United States foreign policy
is coming to center more and
more on Germany, rather
than on Britain and France.
To Secretary Dulles, the
realities Of European politics
guarantee that the nation to
be reckoned with In future
will inevitably be Germany.
France Is no longer even o
ghost Of . world power; she
holds her ranking in the
councils Of the powers today
solely by virtue Of President
Franklin D. Roosevelt's in
sistence during World War
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-11
Ark0nscn John S. Cross, Passed Over
In Favor Of Mack, Is Chosen for Job

Finding the new Eisen-
hover appointee to the Fed
eral Communications COM
mission, John s. Cross, pre-
scented no difiiculties to Sher-
man Adams. the White House
patronage dispenser.
All Mr.. Adams had to do
was to reach into his FEC
file. Mr.. Cross had sought the
job when the last Democratic
vacancy appeared on the
commission and had secured
the Endorsements of all the
Arkansas delegation. Since
the law demanded appoint
ment Of q Democrat, Mr..
Cross felt extremely opti-
mistic.
His showing was impress
sive. An electrical engineer by
trade. he had risen steadily
in nine years in the Interior
Department career service,
becoming assistant chief en-
gineer by 1941. During World
War II, though not an An
napolis graduate. he achieved
the rank Of Navy captain.
His speciality was communi-
cations.
His fellow-Arkansans were
well placed on Capitol Hill.
BY this time half Of them are
chairmen Of committees:
Senator j. w. Fulbright Of
Senate Banking and Cur
rency, Senator Mcclellan Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-11
DORIS FLEEsoN
New Appointee to the FEC

dorsement Of all the Arkan.
sas delegation?" Mr.. Cross
said he would lind out. He
had. He got the job.
This little tale Of how PEG.
pie make good In the Nations
Capital is not unique though
Mr.. Adams ability to make
use Of Eisenhower Demo-
Gratis for statutory vacancies
allotted to that party is spe-
ctal to this era It does indi-
cate that politics was not
totally absent when the Eli
senhower crusaders went to
work on the mess in WASH
ington.
The circumstances now are
different, Of course. The ad.
ministration must deal with
Democratic majorities in Con-
gress whose support Is liter
ally vital to programs-for-
eign aid, trade-that the
President regards as indis-
pensable. What the President
chooses to do is now open to
question. as it was not dur
ing his first term.
Also, Arkansas has contin-
ued to move up in power. No
other State can boast Of 90
many powerfully situated
members. There is q story in
that Of Q different kind. Ar.
kansas IL 47th in per capita
wealth among the States
and Is losing population and
House seats. But the senior
tty system puts them ut the
head Of the corner.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-11
Writer Cites Reported Soviet Policy
And BuIgonin Charge Against y. 5.

II quoted in an editorial
on January 10 from an
article in the January issue.
Of Foreign Affairs, q quar-
terly magazine published by
q private organization in
New York City known as the
Council on Foreign Relations,
in which Herbert 8. Diner
stein defines the strategy g.
pre-emptive war as getting
in the first blow against an
opponent poised to strike.
He, stated that it was ad-
vocated by your Gen. Rot
mistrov and was officially
adopted as q military policy
by the Soviet Union in 1855.
I'm the February Z, 1858,
issue Of U. 8. News q World
Report, we reprinted from
the May. 1855. issue Of your
magazine Military Thought
an extract from the article
by Gen. p. Kurochkin, in
which he writes:
"In order to make our
motherland more secure
!. against q surprise attack by
an aggressor, we must be in
a state Of complete combat
readiness and must know how
to strike pre-emptive blows
against an enemy who is pre-
pairing TO attack. That is the
only way Of preventing a sur
prise attack by an aggressor.
Events Of June, 1o4l (when
Hitler made his surprise at
tack against Russia) must not
repeat themselves again.
"Also Marshal Sokolovsky,
who Is today the chief of the
general STAFF Of your armed
forces, said in Q signed
article in Izvestia on Febru-
airy %, 1855: 1T is not enough
for States which are under
the threat Of attack merely
to be ready and able to deal
blow for blow. One must
deprive the agsressor Of the
surprise factor-not allow
oneself to be caught UNI
aware
You refer to an article in
o. s. News d World Report
by Capt. w. D. Puleston, a
retired naval ofiicer, as adj
vocating preventive war by
which is meant, Of course, an
attack on q potential enemy
without any warning what
Soever just because the other
nation is believed at the time
to be militarily vulnerable
but may get stronger later
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-11
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

The Eisenhower team may build hospitals to COM
bat the recession The crsades triumphant bugle call Of
ve years turns out to be just another ambulance siren
We're way ahead Of the Russians in rocket zoology Thus
far they've put up only dog while we've had dozen
launchings packed full Of bugs.
Democratic Congresswoman Knutson wants to spend
800 billion for education It may be assumed that one Of
the onces Mrs Knutson not running for Is tax collector
Public works suggestion that would employ million
men: Build monument in every township where JAW
President Reher and COP Senator ooldwater have called
each other snakes.
Vice President Nixon tells British TV audience that Ike
runs the show in the United States Democrats demand he
be given equal time American network-to see If
he'll dare repeat it at home.
The Defense Department gives arms contracts to
jobess areas One defense worker he's little uncertain
whom to thank for his job Ke-or Khrushchev
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-11
Russio's Moves for Troop Withdrawal
Called Propaganda Asset We Lost

titioned, with the Commu-
nistS dominant In one part
and anti Communists in the
other. But the United States
Army (under the Truman ad-
ministration) had withdrawn
from Korea and Secretary
Acheson (who has a lot to
answer for) had publicly an
nounced United States dis
interestedness in Korea.
There was, therefore, q
chance that the North Ko-
rean and Chinese Communists
could take over Korea with
out intervention and the Rus
sian Stalinists gave them q
green light.
II is unlikely that they
would have risked an initial
conflict with United States
forces, nor attack United
States troops in West Ger
many and thus precipitate a
general war. They did not,
during all the years before
West Germany had even be-
gun to arm.
East Germany had armed
under the facade Of "the
peoples police" It seemed to
me that we should have pro-
tested this with all the world
publicity at our command, as
later the Russians exploited
West German armament as
"warmongering." But in
stead we used the excuse for
the subsequent counter-policy.
In the conference, an equa-
ton was drawn between a
neutral Germany and total
inability to protect herself.
There Is no such equation.
Sweden and Switzerland, both
neutral, are formidably
armed. To attack q neutral
country, unable. for lack Of a
great power ally, to attack
any powerful opponent, would
/. arouse the antipathy Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-11
BROWN - II 3ET 81
Strauss Visit Here Soft-PedoIed

the true depth Of the Soviet
distrust.
No. statesman or citizen Of
Yugoslavia or CzechoslovAkia
or Austria or France looks
forward to the day when q
strong and militarized united
Germany can once again
menace the peace Of the
world. The Soviet Union 10
absolutely determined that it
shall never happen, and for
that very reason will not even
discuss the reunification Of
Germany except on terms Of
Its % Sovietization, or (2)
naturalization.
Mr.. Dulles, fully aware Of
the situation, expects to make
the most Of 1t. In all the
discussions about q summit
conference, he has made the
Identification Of Germany q
cardinal principle. He knows
that the Moscow leaders will
reject his approach. AL he
needs to do is to continue to
pose conditions that the Rus
slams will not meet. II they
really want a summit con-
ference enough, Mr.. Dulles
reasons that they viii then
offer concessions somewhere
else in the cold war rather
than accept talks on the re-
unifcation Of Germany by
free elections-which they
know they would lose-or re-
ject the idea Of negotiations
with the West entirely. Mr..
Dulles is taking q rather
large risk, but he considers
it a calculated one with good
chances Of paying OF.
Meanwhile, United States
ties with Chancellor Ade-
nauer's Bonn government
will become closer and closer.
The influence Of the aged
West German leader has al
ready been apparent: he
played a large part in the
conditioning that doomed the
mission Of Harold E. Stassen
at the London disarmament
talks. He will play q larger
role in the future.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-11

SySaSy "AS yVu Oetihs
The Piggy Bcnk Thut Cont Do
Ruidedl To find out how fast
small change can add up, try put
ting it into U. S. Savings Stamps.
lof and 25e denominations are
available at your post Office along
with handy albums to keep them
in. Start a book today
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-11

Forty million Americans are proving every day
that a smart way to save for their own family
securiy-and to help build their counuy's strength
at the same tme-is through the purchase of
United States Series E Savings Bonds.
These Americans know, and you should, that
Savings Bonds are one Of the safest investments
you can make. Bonds are guaranteed safe by our
Goyernment-backed by the strength Of ITO mil
lion Woodworking Americans.
And Bonds are absolutely indestructible. If they
are lost, stolen or destroyed the Treasury will re-
place them for you without charge That means
Bonds are safer than cash.
And, although Bonds are redeemable at any
time two months after their purchase, most Of US
are little more reluctant to spend them than
The coastland times. [volume] (Mnateo [i.e. Manteo], N.C.) 1947-1959, 1958-09-12
WANcHEsE PERSONALS

Mrs. Llewellyn Daniels and Mr.
and Mrs. "Sonny Boy" and daugh-
ter, Arneli, Donna Forbs and
"Babe" Gallop were in Norfolk
Wednesday.
Mr.. Clois Daniels of Pittsburgh
and Mr.. and Mrs. Freddie Greet
of Norfolk attended the funeral of
Mrs. Mamie Midget here Tues
day.
Mrs. Carrie Tillett, Mr.. and Mrs.
Earl May of Norfolk, Mr.. and Mrs.
H. Brewsey of Belhaven visited
Mrs. Arlettie Tillett.
Mr.. and Mrs. Herman Swain of
Brigantine, N. J. are visiting Mrs.
SWANS mother, Mrs. Arlettie Til
lett.
Mrs. Charles Scarborough was in
Norfolk Sunday.
Mrs. Theoff Wescott after re-
ceiving medical treatment in Nor
folk spent the week end here, she
was accompanied by her daughter
and son-in-law, Mr.. and Mrs. Will
liam Forbes and son, Irving.
Mrs. Cecil Daniels, Mrs. louisa
Williams, Mrs. Dick Tillett and
Mrs. Billy Baum were in Elizabeth
City Tuesday.
The coastland times. [volume] (Mnateo [i.e. Manteo], N.C.) 1947-1959, 1958-09-12
HATTERAs PERSONALS

Mrs. Pauline Oden, Mrs. Brittle
Gaskill and Miss Mitzi Oden went
to Elizabeth City Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Johnny O'Neai
went to Norfolk Monday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ernest Lee Styron
and family of Norfolk spent the
week end with Mr.. and Mrs. Muir
ray Styron.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Midget and
family of Haddenfield, N. j., are
visiting Mrs. Brittle Gaskill.
Mr.. and Mrs. Horton Austin and
Grady went to Greenville Friday.
Grady is enrolled in college there.
Mr.. and Mrs. Steve Styron and
family of Norfolk spent the week
end with Mr.. and Mrs. Murray
Styron.
Mr.. and Mrs. Donald Oden and
Mitzi went to Murfreesboro Sun
day. Mitzi is enrolled in college
there.
Mr.. and Mrs. M. L. Burrus and
Sarah went to Murfreesboro Sun
day. Sarah is enrolled in college
there.
Ronald Stowe, Jr., of Cornell
College, Ithica, N. Y, is here Wis
iting his parents.
Mrs. Rolma Grace Ward and
children spent the week end with
Mrs. Violet Austin.
The coastland times. [volume] (Mnateo [i.e. Manteo], N.C.) 1947-1959, 1958-09-12
RODANTHE PERSONALS

Mrs. Ersie Midget has returned
home after spending some time in
Norfolk, Va, with her daughter,
Mrs. George Rucker, Jr. A son
was born to Mr.. and Mrs. Rucker
August 18th, weight 6 lbs, IL ozs.
Name George Keith.
Mr.. and Mrs. Raymond Smith
and boys, Jack and Raymond Jr.,
from Norfolk spent the week end
with Mrs. Smiths parents, Mr.,
and Mrs. E. r. Midget.
Mr.. and Mrs. Selba Gaskins and
girls from Elizabeth City spent
the week end with Mrs. Gaskins'
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Jethroe w.
Midget.
Mr.. and Mrs. Herbert K. Mid
gett were in Norfolk this week
and visited their son, Ellery C,
Midget.
Mr.. and Mrs. Julian L. Gray,
Mrs. Lurania Midget and Her
bert X. Midget, Jr., are in Fort
Pierce and Miami, Fla, visiting
relatives.
Mr.. and Mrs. John E. Herbert,
ST., arrived home Sept. 3rd after
a vacation to New York City,
along with their son John E. Her.
bert Jr. and family. While in New
York they attended the church we'd
ding and reception of Mr.. and
Mrs. John Pechia.
The coastland times. [volume] (Mnateo [i.e. Manteo], N.C.) 1947-1959, 1958-09-12
MAINS HARBOR PERSONALS

Mrs. Forest Sawyer of Darien,
Ga. is visiting her father, Claude
Midget.
Mrs. M. w. Implicit and daugh-
ter, Ricky Lynn, and Miss Media
Francis of Manteo returned last
week from Morgan City, La,
where they visited Mrs. Umph-
let's sister, Mrs. David Guidry.
En- route home they visited Silver
Springs and Marineland, Fla.