davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-01

The trustees Of the Mar
garet Paxton Memorial have
asked me TO thank you for
the article written by James
Birchfield about the Paxton
Home children and pub
lished In The Star.
We have been much graft
fed by the response TO his
article. Various people have
come to visit the home. hav-
ing read the article. But. at
Christmas time. q couple
from Alexandria presented
the home with q handsome
hi-fi set and 20 albums Of
records which they had in
storage. having moved TO
a smaller house. A widow
whose husband was in the
farm-p products business
brought five turkeys. q crate
OF cabbages. quantities Of
frozen foods. a crate of
oranges. nuts. candy and q
dollar for each child. A group
Of men at Fort Belvoir pre-
scented the home with two
outdoor gymnasium sets in
lieu OF sending Christmas
cards, and a church group
from Mclean came one eve
ming, bearing gifts and food.
and gave our children a lark.
All Of these people had read
about US in The Star. We are
most grateful. and the trus-
tees extend to Mr.. Birchheld
and The Star their most
heartfelt thanks.
Leon0ra Preston Male,
Secretary TO the Trustees.
IeesburV. Va.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-01
Our 'Shinino Amor

Even tnOukn the OOtlet
leaders have been guilty OF
the most monstrous crimes.
! must heed your plea for an
Open Mind"
Secretary Dulles. In his
NATO tetevisio n report.
talked as II we can get no.
where in negotiation with
Russia. Secretary Dulles re-
minds me Of Metternich. who
is supposed TO have said: u
tell myself 20 times q day
how right I am and how
wrong the others are"
We must rid ourselves Of
the tendency to march
around like knights in shin
ing armor. This hampers US
both in struggle and In ne
gotiations. Our enemies are
unmitiaated scoundrels but
they are also Just rs adroit
as We are In m0uthing viz
tuous phrases. We must think
not only Of them but Of those
who think they are on the
sidelines. from whom. as well
aS from God. we want help.
now that new weapons de-
velopments have put US no
longer in the rear but on
the very front line.
Noble sermo ms telling
others how to become like US
have not caused the rest Of
the world 70 love us. and
sometimes have hidden the
real good We have done. We
have exhausted some Of our
strength making sure there
Is no infiltration within our
own ranks while letting the
enemy get away with murder
in places where the real
fighting was being done.
Have We been as tough"
and virtuous as some Of us
have imagined? We have al
lowed many TO look upon the
Soviet Union as a citadel Of
strength and protector OF
the weak. The brutal sup
preston in Hungary. rather
than we. punctured one Of
these bubbles. The other Is
still q bubble. although the
Soviet Union has been al
lowed to get q Jump on US in
destructive power which is
real. Until we recover the
balance We shall need more
than superior virtue Jring
over more forces r. side
OF freedom.
Sidney KOret1.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-01
Forced Integrotion

Law Prof. Arthur S. Miller
OF the University of North
Carolina has written a book,
Racial Discrimination and
Private Education" in which
he declares that, according
TO existing legal theory, the
Supreme Court would compel
indignation in the private
schools II the Southern States
abolish their public schools.
and even hints that Federal
bayonets might move in on
private schools in States that
integrate public education.
Prof. Miller confuses soci-
illogical dogma with existing
legal theory" and sees moth
ing wrong with the abolition
Of private property rights and
a government which compels
people to be educated In the
way government prescribes.
We are all familiar with the
rantings Of liberal column
nists but a more serious mem
ace is this boring from with
in" q phrase which aptly fits
the Arthur Millers in our law
schools, who are departing
from the traditional stand
ards OF the law in favor Of
social justice.
We are indeed becoming a
decadent nation when. under
the guise Of education and
with the apparent connivance
Of their superiors. American
youth are "brain-washed" by
the pernicious teachings Of
such instructors.
Old Reactlonary.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-01

defiant attitude which Egypt
maintains towards the United
Nations Security Council rul-
ing Of 1851 with regard TO
free passage fos Israeli ships.
The Egyptian attitude also is
contrary TO the CONSTANT
nople Convention Of 1888.
4. Egypt is now the sole con-
troller Of this vital water
way. having rejected Western
proposals for some kind Of
international CO : operation.
Europe and the free world
thus now depend entirely on
Nasser's good will" and on
Egyptian moods. In fact. a
South African ship was re-
Gently detained by Egypt
under the pretext that 1t was
an Israeli vessel
8. B. Gilman.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-01
Questions and Answers
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE

@. How were soldiers in
Korea fed while they were at
the front?-E.G.
A. In some cases q field
kitchen was set up In a tent
Just behind the front lines.
Here meals were prepared
fer troops who were able to
leave their position in small
groups. Sometimes the
kitchen was a 2l2-ton truck
with a trailer. equipped to
serve troops on the move.
When heavy action was TAX
ing place, food was placed
in bulk in insulated con-
tanners and taken to the
front lines by truck or jeep.
Where soldiers were out of
reach Of the field kitchens
they were given packaged
meals TO take with them.
@. Is 1t true there is now
a chemical which kills in
sectS. plant diseases, and
weeds?-S. e.
A. One chemical Is known
TO kill at least one insect
(fiea beetleS. and TO control
q rather wide range Of plant
diseases and molds. It has
also proved effective against
several weeds. The technical
name is pentachloronitro-
benzene.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-01
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Some Soviet Findings on Radiation

logical changes were more
pronounced than In hu-
mans. From three TO seven
days after irradiation "the
rabbits showed a motor irri-
liability. salvation and tear
ing, and refusal TO accept
food. Observation-Disclosures
showed speeding UP and
irregularity In brain waves.
Beginning with the second
week the irradiated animals
manifested Q general weak
ness combined with q sharply
increased level Of irritability.
Later there was q definite
diminution Of the earlier
noted abnormalities and the
brain pattern had q tendency
to return to normal"
The irradiated rabbits were
checked day by day against
controls. The control animals
behaved normally all the time.
gained weight, and showed
no brain wave changes. The
brains Of all the experimental
animals were studied as they
died of the varying degrees
Of radiation sickness. They
showed throughout areas dis
tended with blood, areas from
which blood supply had been
cut of. and small hemor-
rhages. Despite the observed
improvement in behavior
there was no improvement In
brain condition from the first
heavy irradiation.
Areas Of Devastation
There appear" says the
report, ito be many small
foci Of destruction. During a
recovery period the blood dis
turbances appear to subside
somewhat but there are areas
of devastation where cells are
swollen or wrinkled. In the
sub-cortical dover nervous
SYSTEM areas there appears
diffuse damage with disturb
ances Of metabolic exchanges
in all organs and systems,
upsetting Of normal interac-
tons Of subordinate struc-
lures. and strengthening Of
impulses from outside the
body. This appears immedi-
ately or within the first 10
minutes Of radiation. The
phase Of cortical depression.
changes in brain wave pat
tern, develops several hours
later and lasts several days.
being the result Of the I'M
folding pathological process
within the nervous system
and within the whole organ
ism Of the irradiated animal.
The process or normaliza-
ton Of the bio-electric cur.
rents develops several days
to a week after irradiation.
During this period the wide
spread pathological process
affecting the functional state
Of the nervous system be-
comes limited, partially re-
storing some nervous ele-
mentS."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-01
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES {. TRACEWELL

in a table drawer. so en-
amored was he of his two ten
dollar pipes.
He invested in all the we'll
known tobaccos Of the day,
and capped the climax, as it
were. by ordering a tobacco
that sold in New York for $40
a pound.
He bought only a quarter
Of a pound. 1t is true, but
that was enough: all his
friends said II Smelled like
fruitcake. and that no hon.
est tobacco ought to smell
like fruitcake. you see,
they only smoked the Is
cent kind.)
Being a thorough man.
Templeton Jones invested
in a five dollar pipe cleaning
outfit. including two reamers,
one for small pipes, one for
large. These were for cutting
out the cake when it got too
thick.
Templeton Jones thought
he would experiment with his
old 50-cent pipe with the
perfect cake. The book said
1t would be better II the cake
was cut out.
1t wasn't.
1t never smoked the same
again. and though he built
up another cake in it. the old
pipe was not the same.
Jones had ruined the best
pipe he had. the 50-center.
Just plain pipe. not shell
brier or anything.
After that, the heart went
out Of pipe smoking. His ro-
nance with Miss Nicotine
was at an end.
1t was nice while it lasted.
Jones said. Miss Nicotine
was q good girl. a nice girl
but Of the rowing kind.
He had glimpsed. in her
eyes, away back there in the
'20S. something the scientists
were not to catch until the
l950s.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-01
Suez Situation

There is no one who will
not share the feeling Of salts
faction over the situation in
the Suez Canal which you
expressed In your editorial Of
December II. This great IN
ternational waterway is OF
vital Importance to Europe
and the free world.
But there are still some as
poets Of Egyptian control
which continue TO cause
grave concern. These are:
/. Compensation TO share
holders has not yet been paid.
2. The canal Is operated by
Egyptians and Russian Com
munist pilots, which Is not O
source Of satisfaction. 3. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-01

Radiation exposure mas d.
rect effects on the brain and
other parts Of the nervous
system.
These appear-but actually
are not--transitory and
largely have been lost sight
OF due to the well-known
ability Of uninjured brain
tissue TO take over the func-
tons OF injured areas. So 1t
has been believed that nerve
cells were highly resistant.
Highly ionizing radiation
X-rays and gamma rays--are
much more likely TO damage
some parts Of the nervous
system than others.
This is the substance ct
two reports by DR.. X. A.
Kyandaryan and q group Of
associates Of the Ministry Of
Health Of the Armenian
Soviet Republic. published in
the ofhcial biological journal
Of the Soviet Academy Of
Sciences. now being trans
lated by the American In
stitute Of Biological Sciences
here.
Effects Of Radiation
Their attention was di-
rected to the phenomenon,
they report. by transient
changes in behavior and
brain wave patterns Of pa
tients treated with radiation
for tumors Of the head and
neck. They followed this clue
by extensive experiments
with rabbits; then to hu-
mans.
All the patients. they re-
port, were on their feet and
able to work throughout the
treatments. Some had head
aches, which disappeared
seven to ten days after the
treatments were concluded.
All complained Of some un-
usual drowsinesS. But when
brain waves were recorded
there was q diminution in
their amplitude. and differ
ences between the two sides Of
the brain. AL these changes
were noticeable in the first
"a hours after irradiation.
In about 10 days all the pat
terms had returned TO nor
NAL The general effect. they
say, was that of a quickly
reversible depression OF the
cerebral cortex. the top OF the
brain. which is the seat OF
conscious behavior.
They then turned TO the
experimental rabbits that
could be given large enough
doses TO produce generalized,
and most often fatal. radia-
ton sickness. The brain
wave patterns-it seems rab-
bits have about the same
kind Of brain waves as
men-were followed for as
long as two months as the
creatures died q lingering
death.
The psychological or neuro-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-01

You don't happen to have
any pipe cleaners. do your"
q friend asked Templeton
Jones.
mo. ] don't" replied Jones.
As q matter Of fact. he
hasn't had any since 1924.
when he took up the pipe.
II had been a matter of
romantic interest, in a way.
rather than an addiction.
Jones was enamored, al
the time. Of the romance of
the pipe. with its ancient
meanings. its rites, and its
literary reputation.
From Barrie's My Lady
Nicotine" he had learned, as
an impressionable youth. to
look upon pipe smoking with
favor.
The smoking pipe was for
ever appearing in books he
read.
There was always Sherlock
Holmes. Of course. with his
big pipe and his expansive
ways.
II you read at all, you
couldn't get far from q pipe.
The roaring '20s. as they
are now called. were not
called anything then.
Harding and Coolidge. and
raccoon coats. were all the
rage. and the chicken in ev-
cry pot and two cars in every
garage just around the COR
ner.
II was easy come. easy go.
The war to end war was
over. and for a time there
was a period Of good feeling
everywhere.
Somehow. without unions,
the war had managed TO
about double everybody's
salary.
AS a nation. we felt flush.
So it came perfectly nat
ural to Temp Jones to buy a
$40 pipe.
II was a shell brier. and
you could only get it by send
ing to a fabulous shop in New
York City. where fabulous
things grew.
Jones was so struck with
the superiority Of his new
pipe that he ordered a Sec
ond one. this time q plain
smooth brier.
The two Of them looked SC
nice that Jones bought q
stand to hold them. and then
a humidor for his tobacco.
All this time. he was build
ing up the cake In his two
beauties.
To real pipe smokers. the
cake is the thing.
This is the end result OF
smoking a pipe, The layer
Of carbon ON the inner sur
face grows by millimeterS.
slowly and previously. SC
that in time II becomes about
an eighth Of an inch thick.
and then you have a pipe,
boys.
Despite the luxury Of his
two famous pipes. Temp
Jones already had q pet pipe
q 50-cent affair. squat and
sturdy.
The cake he had achieved
In this was q beauty.
1t made the pipe smoke as
well as his new ones. he
thought.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-01
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used n
letters carry writers correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
sdttoR.
Diario las Américas., 1958-03-25
Green que pexi AMo a Gran Draana
Bahama Runnana Desaparece en- Londres

LIVERPOOL, Mo. "a. (UP)-
La policia ha buscado vanamente
por toda la ciudad a la bailari-
ma, Doina Trandabur, de % amos,
miembro de un conjunto nacio-
nal rumano de bale y musica,
que hacia una gira por ell pals,
y que desapareci6 ell viernes.
La Ultima vez que Sc lie vi fue
csc dia, cuando sslia de su hotel
La Ultima vez que Sc lie vic fue
ese dia, cuando salia de SUI hotel
llevando consigo solamente SUI
cartera, pero esa misma noche no
Sc p~resento con los demas MEM.
bros del conjunto a la function.
Los demas miembros de la
compahia Sc dirigieron aver a
Londres, desde donde continual
ran viaje a Copenhague mana
ma llevando ell equipaje de Dol
ma.
"Creemos que esta muchacha
tratara de buscar asilo en- In
1latefra" dijo xno De los dctee-
Diario las Américas., 1958-03-25

que proteste de los terminus colo
nialistas de la Ley de Relaciones
Federales que republic la misma".
Ell portavoz de la mineria indie.
pendentista en- Ell Senado hizo una
moeion verbal con tai proposito
en- ell hemiciclo de dicho cuerpo,
pero Sc acordo que la misma fuera
radicada por escrito para ser dis
cutida en- la pr6xima session del Sc
nado a celebrarse ell tunes a las
cuatro de la tarde.
En- la referida mocion ell senador
Conception de Gracia pide que ell
Senado "proteste de la forma fes-
tinada en- que Ell Congreso aprobo
la referida Ley de R~elaciones Fee
derales, la cual dej6 subsistence la
colonia en- Puerto Rico con todas
sus durezas, injusticias y rabitra-
riedades".
Sc alega mas adelante ne la mo-
cion que la Ley de Relaciones Fee
deraleS mantuvo VICENTE "las dis
posiciones fundamentals de la Ley
Jones de 1917 que fueron riguro-
samente combatidas por los hon.
bres de Gobierno en- Puerto Rico
y pOr todos los puertorriquenos
que sin estar en- ell Gobierno Sc
preocupaban por Ell destino de
Puerto Rico. Sc pide tambien en-
la mocion que ell Senado republic
la Ley de Relaciones Federales,
porque en- SUI ~apartado primero
"establece que nuestro pueblo per-
tenece a los Estados Unidos, y
tambien, en- SUI articulo x dispo-
ne "que todas las diligencias jul
diciales Sc haran a nombre de Es-
tados Unidos de America, ell Pre-
sidente de los Estados Unidos, y
que todas las acciones criminales
o penales Sc i~nstruiran a nombre
y por autoridad de ell Pueblo de
Puerto Rico.
En- la moci6n, Sc pide, ademas,
que Ell Senado proteste y republic
otras disposiciones de la Ley de
Relaciones Federales.
(Pasa a la Pag. 81
Diario las Américas., 1958-03-25

Owen Griffiths, gerente bril-
tanico del conjunto, declare que
la compania entera estaba in
trigada por la conducta de la
muchacka y otro tanto ocurri6
con ell agregado cultural rumano
en- Londres, quien manifesto:
"No sc 81 la causa (de SUI desa-
parici6n) ha sido algdn enredo
amoroso Hasta ahora Sc que era
feliz."
La policia sabe que Doina tie
ne en- Londres una amiga ruma-
ma casada con un ingles. Sc tie.
ne entendido que Doina recibi6
una llamada telef6nica desde
Londres ell viernes. Unos dias an
ties habia hablado por telefono
con SUI familia, residente en- Bu-
carest.
Doina es la unica del conjun
to que habla ingles y hacia de
interprete a los que visit6 en-
'anterierss wales al pais.
Diario las Américas., 1958-03-25

la OTASO frente al edificio de
Ia embajada.
Los diplomaticos expresaron
la preocupacion de que los car
telones sean presagio de pro-
blemas, posiblemente durante
las manifestations de mafana.
La Ultima demonstration de i'm
portancia fue contra los holan-
deses.
AL mismo tempo ell peri6dico
nacionalista 'Merkeda" pidi6 al
embajador norteamericano Ho-
ward Jones que trate de sacar de
Singapur la Seiptima flota de Es-
tados Unidos. I'm crucero y dos
destructores estan preparados
para evacuar de Sumatra, 81 es
n%ecesario, a los residences nor
teamericanos.
Ell periodico dice que la pre-
sencia de las unidades navales
podria considerarse "una prepa-
racion para intervene, o por 10
menos provocar TN incidente in.
necesario".
La agencia de noticias Antara
otto fuentes dignas de TODD Gre
ditto y predijo que Ell gobierno
tomaria medidas contra ell 60
bierno Nacionalista Chino Dor
haber supuestamente proporcio-
cionado aviones a los rebel
DIES. Tambien Sc pronosticaron
medidas contra los pronacio
nalistas que viven en- Yakarta.
Ell sentimiento contra la OTA-
SO Surgi6 al informar ell gobier.
no de importantes victorias en-
Sumatra y al decir los obser.
vadores en- %Singapur que las tro-
pas leales aparentemente estan
dominando gradua1mente la re-
beli6n.
I'm communicate del ejercito
soDre los prlmeroS doce dias de
lucha dice que Ell gobierno ha
realizado sus principales objeti-
vos: ocupacion de los grandes
centres petroleros, control de
las principles carreteras y "fi-
nalmente TODD 81 este y d cen
fpn a Snmatsap
Diario las Américas., 1958-03-25
Manifestations en- Masa
Ola de ~Sentimientos Contra Ia
0TAS0 Sc Provoca en- |ndonesia

SINGAPUR, mario "a (UP)
Una serie de victorias en- la
rebellion indonesia anunciadas
por Ell gobierno p%rovocaron una
ola de sentimientos contra la or
ganizacion del Tratado de Asia
Suroriental (OTASO) en- Yakar-
ia.
Grupos de estudiantes sindo-
nesios anunciaron que manana
~realizaran manifestations en-
masa contra la OTASO, frente a
la embajada de Estados Uni
dos, Australia y Filipinas.
FL misunderstanding esta en-
aumento y los guardas de infan-
terra de marina en- la embajada
de Estados Unidos fueron pues-
tos en- estado de alerta contra
Diario las Américas., 1958-03-25

AcuSad0 reclentemente de cons
trabando de armas y de otras ac-
tividades reyolucionarias" por
las autoridades norteamericanas,
Prio afirmo que sus partidarios po-
liticos no tomarian parte en- cleo
clones en- Cuba "hasta que Batista
caiga del poder".
Ell gobierno de Batista ha dicho
que este ano habra elecciones a pc
sar de la agitacion reinante, Y Sc
tienen informaciones de que a los
exilados politicos Sc les permitira
regresar a Cuba a tomar parte en-
ESQ., comicios.
De acuerdo o las leyes de Gu
ba, nj Batista nj Prfo pueden pre-
sentar SUI candidatura.
Entire los candidates que hasta
ahora Sc ha anunciado que Sc pre-
sentaran a las elecciones figuran
ell doctor Ramon Grau San.Martin,
jefe de la rama electoral" del
partido revolucionario cubano, que
encabeza Prio Socarras; Carlos
Marquee Sterling, de la organiza-
cion del pueblo libre; y Andres Ri
vero Agiiero, apoyado por Batista
y cuatro partidos oficialistas.
Prio tambien reiter6 SUI afirma,
(Pasa a la Pag. 81
Diario las Américas., 1958-03-25

la desocupacion en- la industrial"
johnson hizo tai declaration a
los periodistas, a la vez que ell Sc.
nador Democratic, Mike Mansfield,
decia en- una entrevista por televi-
sion que "todos los indicios senalan
una rebaja de los impuestos" por
Ell Congreso para contribuir a ven
Ger la crisis economical actual.
Ell proyecto de ley por ell cual
Sc congelan los subsidies a la agri-
cultura tai como son hoy, fue apro,
bado por ell Congreso, la semana
pasada, pjara impedir que ell Secre
tario de Agriculture, Ezra T. Ben
son, redujera los subsidies a los
productos de lecheria, trigo y gra-
nos de f~orraje. E
Ell primer mandatario dijo hace
POGO que la MEDIA es sun viraje
de 100 grades en- la direction equi-
vocada," por 10 que ell Congreso
cree en- general que votara ell pro-
veto de ley. Las votaciones de las
dos camaras legislativas convencie-
ron a representatives y senadores
de los estados agropecuarios de que
no podran lograr la mayoria de
las dos terceras parties de los vo-
tos, necesaria para anular un vote
presidential.
Johnson afirm6 que ell vote Sc
ria "un. anuncio directo e inequivo-
co de que Ell gobierno Sc propone
reducir los precios de los produc-
tos del campo a I'm nivel aun mas
bajo del que tienen ahora. Confio
en- que ell Presidente no asestara
csc golpe al agricultor norteame-
ricano. La agriculture no puede
aguantar mas sacudidas."
Asimismo Johnson refut6 la AFR
maci6n de Benson de que la reba-
ia de los subsidies a los producto-
res de lecheria puede traducirse
en- precios al por ,menor mas bajos
de la leche, manteca y queso.
"Un periodic de crisis-anadi6-
no es Ell momento para reducir ell
poder adquisitivo de cualquier Sec
tor de nuestra economic. 81 los
agricultores no pueden comprar
los .productos del trabajo y la in
dustria, esos articulos no seran
- Pasa . \ p6sina
Diario las Américas., 1958-03-25
Dag Sc Refine
con los Jefes
de Ia U. s. 5.

MOSCU, Mo. 24.-CUP).-El se.
cretario general de las N%aciones
Unidas, Dag Hammarskjold, Sc en-
trevistara hoy con ell Ministro de
Relaciones Exteriores de la Union
Sovietica, Andrea Gromyko, en- I'm
esfuerzo por romper ell impasse en-
tire Oriente y Occidente sobre Ell
desarme, y por facilitar, al mismo
tempo, una conferencia de jefes
de gobierno.
Sc cree que Hammarskjold Sc
entrevistara tambien con ell jefe
del Partido Comunista, Nikita
Khrushchev y con otros dirigentes
rusos, pero ell secretario general de
la organization mundial, rehuso re-
velar los detalles de sus proyectos,
(Pasa a la Pagina 81
Diario las Américas., 1958-03-25
Mike TODD Serd
%sepuItudO hoy
en- Chicago

CHICAGO, marc "a tUP). -
Ell cadaver de Mike Todd sera de-
vuelto manana a Chicago, la ciu-
dad en- que Ell director cinemato-
grafico, muerto Ell sabado, inicio
SUI carrera t~eatral. Sera sepultado
a lisa 2 de la tarde del martes, en-
ell cementerio de Waldheim, en- ell
suburbio de Poorest Park, junto a
la tumba de su padre, Ell rabino
Chain G%oldbogen.
FL tren en- que viaja ell cadaver
desde Albuquerque, estado de Nue.
vo Mexico, llegara a Chicago a las
cuatro y treinta de la manana del
martes.