davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
Boqhdod Pact Ties
Is Senate .Bypossed?

member OF an alliance with four
OF the Baghdad pact powers.
assuming exactly the same obli-
cations. but not by the treaty
method. Instead. the United
States assumed Us obligations by
what Is called the "joint resolu-
ton method"
Depends on Doctrine
Mr.. Dulles considers that the
executive had the power TO enter
into the commitment because
both houses OF Congress approved
this kind OF support for the inde-
pendence OF Middle East nations
In the March, 1857 Joint resolu-
ton, called the Middle East or
Eisenhower Doctrine"
Section 2 OF this Joint Resolu-
ton to Promote Peace and Sta
bility in the Middle East" states:
The President is authorized TO
undertake, In the general area
of the Middle East. military as
sistance programs with any ma
ton or group Of nations Of that
area desiring such assistance.
Furthermore, the United States
regards as vital 10 the national
interest and world peace the
preservation Of the independence
and integrity Of the nations Of
the Middle East. To this end. II
the President determines the
necessity thereof. the United
States is prepared TO use armed
forces to assist any such nation
or group of such nations request
ing assistance against armed ag-
erosion from any country con-
trolled by international commu-
nism: Provided, that such
employment shall be consonant
with the treaty obligations Of the
United States and with the Con-
stitution of the United States"
Other legal experts in the State
Department point out that Con-
greSs each year goes farther than
the Baghdad pact language pro-
vides in supporting Middle East
ern nations by voting economic
and military aid for Turkey. Iran
and Pakistan.
These are two legal presidents
for the substance of what Mr..
Dulles committed the United
States to. but not for its form.
Senator Bricker of Ohio has
long been jealous Of the Senate's
constitutional right to ratify all
treaties. including executive
agreements. If his past perform
ance is any guide. it can be as
Sumed that he would regard the
obligations assumed by Mr.. Dulles
to be of a scope that should be
approved by the treaty method.
There is still time for the Secre-
tary to ward off troubles. He could
proclaim the London action as
an interim procedure and seek
Senate ratification for the declara-
ton next year. Or the Implement
ing bi-lateral agreements with
Turkey. Iran and Pakistan can be
brought to the Senate for Tatifi-
cation after they have been nego-
tiated.
Some of Mr.. Dulles Democratic
critics, however, can be expected
to seek political profit in compar-
ing this London performance with
his 1852 plea for bipartisanship in
foreign policy:
Corporation requires enough
foresight and initiative on the
part of the executive so that his
representatives can sit down and
talk out in advance with congress
sional leaders what the United
States should do"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
No Concentrations

No Concentrations
There appears to be no major
concentration of governme nt
forces in Beirut. They are scat
tered about piecemeal. supposedly
guarding vital installations. This
is true in some measure. There
are guards around the Presidential
Palace. At night street patrols
protect the breweries.
There are some tanks mount
ing what appear to be one
FOUNDER cannon, something SIM
liar to the old American 37-mm
which was abandoned because it
could barely penetrate a wash
tub at 700 PAGES. In addition,
there are some old medium British
and American tanks.
Undoubtedly if the Lebanese
ever decided on a hammer and
tong civil war, things would get
tough. The narrow and twisting
streets and alleys of Beirut would
call for house top to house top
warfare. Since many Of the houses
ire of concrete block construction.
they could become fairly sub
stantial little fortresses.
Lebanon is a mountainous coun-
try with some of the barren, rock
strewn hills rising as high as 5000
feet. Some. according to the
French maps used by the United
States Marines here, are quite
precipitous. The Marines consider
the mountains to be much worse
than those in Korea. A near miss
with a rifle shot would scatter
rock' fragments all about and a
rock silver is just deadly as a hit.
Cautious Marines
The Marines here are almost
amuSingly security conscious.
When you ask one how to reach
a command post, he pauses as if
you had just asked him for in
Structions on how to bomb the
White House. But these are mostly
rear echelon Marines, the store
keeper types. I spent two hours
in broiling sun trying to get
past a Marine roadblock after I
located the command post. I found
the place by the simple expedient
of having an interpreter ask q
local citizen where the Marines
were headquartered.
Some Lebanese are not at all
happy over the presence of the
Marines, but not for the reason
you might think. Apparently they
have heard the Marines shoot to
kill and have no hesitation in lev
cling the landscape. There has
been a great deal of new construc-
ton in Lebanon since World War
II. The prospect of having any of
1t leveled at some considerable
cost is enough to make a good
Lebanese citizen weep.
Well now, if you will excuse me.
I've got to go out on the well-lit
patio of the st. Georges Hotel to
have my evening Martini and to
listen to the snipers sniping. War
isn't so bad if it belongs to some
body else and your foxhole is air
conditioned.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
by EARL II. v0SS
star stan WFiteF

Another testimonial 10 the legal
genius OF Secretary OF State Dull
les was published last week. More
may be heard about II from the
Senate, whose treaty making
powers are involved,
The testimonial was a declara-
ton which Secretary Dulles
signed committing the United
States 10 full partnership" in
the Baghdad Pact, as II Is still
called.
Mr.. Dulles may have originated
a new form Of international.
instrument which has the force
OF a treaty but, as In executive
agreements, avoided the process
Of treaty ratification by the
Senate.
II is not likely that many
Senator'S will take issue with the
substance Of what Mr.. Dulles did.
The declaration committed the
United States only Ito cooperate"
with Britain. Turkey, Iran and
Pakistan "for their security and
defense" and promptly to ENTER
into agreements designed to give
effect to this cooperation"
This only follows established
American policy, fully supported
by Congress.
But the way the Secretary did
1t may have set a precedent that
could be used TO justify bypasSing
the Senates treaty ratification
prerogatives.
Two Reasons Given
Two reasons are given for
Secretary Dulles unexpected
action.
First. there was a need for
quick, public American support
of Turkey. Iran and Pakistan,
shaken by the July IA military
coup which displaced their Bagh-
dad Pact allies in Iraq with a
new group. Mr.. Dulles new inter-
national instrument allowed this
swift support without waiting for
Senate ratification. which could
not have come before 1859.
Second, the United States did
not want to commit itself to the
old Baghdad Pact, because this
would have involved a commit
ment to the new Iraai regime,
still a member. BY aSsociating
the United States with this new
declaration, not signed by Iraq,
Mr.. Dulles avoided this commit
ment.
The Secretary conferred with
President Eisenhower twice by
transatlantic telephone on Mon
day, while the declaration was
being shaped.
Later, prominent Senators on
the Foreign Relations Committee,
both Republican and Democratic,
said they had not been consulted
in advance on Mr.. Dulles unusual
procedure.
A check among State Depart
ment experts on the Middle East
later last week indicated there
had been little if any advance
planning along these lines. There
are grounds for believing that
the whole thing was a Dulles i'm
proviSation on the spot in London.
Assistant Secretary of State
William M. Rountree was in Lon
don with Mr.. Dulles, and no doubt
participated in drafting the dec
laration.
Under its terms the United
States becomes, in effect, a full
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
The Always Mysterious East:
A Few Notes at Random

go elsewhere-and get the same
treatment.
In Jeddah. Saudi Arabia. the
women must wear their black wells
and gowns at all times. never
showing their faces in public. But
the rich ones flock to a little store
which sells party dresses and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
Hot and Cold Water

In the principal hotel Of Jeddah
in Saudi Arabia, you get q warm
shower by turning on the cold
water tap and vice versa. This is
natural. The hot-water apparatus
is in the cellar and never works.
so the water comes out cold. The
cold water is on the roof, boiling
in the sun all day, so it comes out
nice and hot.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03

farmers pay sharply reduced and
controlled rents for their land.
a maximum of 371a%o Of the an
nual crop per year before land
reform these rentals ranged up
to so per cent a year,.
While pride Of ownership I'M
doubtedly is partly responsible for
the three-fold increase in farm
production since 1916, the in
creasing know-how Of the Chinese
farmer is another prime factor.
A Joint commission Of American
and Chinese farm experts, armed
with film strips. props. modern
farm equipment, and great deal
of energy has been touring Taiwan
for several years. They have
pounded forth the newest tech
niques, everything from use Of
chemical fertilizers to how to
plant rice most effectively. They
have even established American
SLyl6 TN CiuDo III ACAuObC NAAaSSo
far from the main highways. Lit
tie by little, the once unlearned
peasant is today the knowledge
able farmer. Literacy has become
near-universal through improve
ment in rural schools. The ancient
scourgeS of Asia-trachoma, the
plague. smallpox and cholera
have been practically eradicated
in an island-wide health and san
itation program that has eStab-
lished free clinics within walking
distance of the compact Z. farms
and farm communities.
American experts on Asian
problems assert that land reform
in Taiwan is one of the great
accomplishments in the history
of the earth's most populous con-
tinent. 1t has brought pride to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
Shortage Of Sond

In the midst Of the most bis
tering deserts on earth. both Saudi
Arabia and Kuwait are running
out of sand. So much of their
money is poured into new build
ings that the fore-shore sand they
need for cement is running short.
The Saudis already import sand
for their cement plant, and soon
Kuwait will have to, also. The
silly sand of the desert is no good
for cement.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
Bothinq Beauties

In Kuwait, the most distressing
problem for a European woman
concerns swimming. When she
dons her bathing suit and goes
out on the beach. Kuwaiti men.
accustomed to seeing mostly
women in veils-sit near by and
stare. Nothing else-just stare, by
the hour.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
On the Dotted Line


In Kuwait. on the Persian Gulf.
the ruling sheikhs spend most Of
their time in their ministry off,
ces signing letters-to themselves.
Many sheikhs head a number Of
ministries at the same time. The
minister of public works. for ex-
ample, writes a letter on Tuesday.
when he's in his public Office. to
the Minister of Public Health. On
Wednesday he's at the public
health Office, so he reads the letter
to himself and then answers him.
self.
Kuwait has good prospects Of
becoming a dilly Of bureaucracy.
Bureaucrats just love to sign
their names. It's a matter OF
prestige. 1t take 40 signatures.
for example, to get clearance for
a cargo through customs-signa-
lures from top to bottom and back
to the top again. II a man is left
out on the signature deal. he's
hurt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
ny DON FRIFIELD,
Special Writer Tor the star

TAIpEI. FormJsa. - HE who
requires much from himself and
little from others will keep himself
from being the object OF resent
ment." These words Of confuciuS.
more than $500 years old. are still
guideposts Of policy 70 the Ma
tlonalist Chinese. who man the
island bastion Of Taiwan Formo-
sal against the spread OF COM
munism from the Chinese main
land.
Unlike some other beneficiaries
Of American dollars. the Formosa
Chinese are acutely aware OF their
own obligations. A billion dollars
In United States aid funds and
military equipment, has been
granted them since the Korean
war. but this a provender for
which the accounting must be
done In two ways: In terms Of
tangible benefits 10 the nom
Communist world alliance and in
terms Of Nationalist China's own
moral commitment to the Chinese
people.
American Government observers
In Taiwan declare that both con-
ditions are being reasonably well
met. The Chinese on Formosa,
they assert, is working herself 10
the bone TO strengthen both the lot
Of her people and their ability TO
defend their island. In American
strategic terms this is also a con-
tribution TO the Vests defenses.
Secretary Of State John Foster
Dulles, in fact. called Taiwan a
major and indispensable part of
the free worlds defense partner
ship against Communist expan-
sion."
OF the billion dollars, some $3.50
million has been allocated since
1850 toward building UP Taiwan's
general economy. The remaining
money is q rough estimate of the
value Of military hardware
turned over to the Nationalist:
guns. tanks. planes, ships. and
other equipment. Logistical sup
plies. construction for military
purposes. and other military ex-
penses come from the $3.50 mil
lion.
Formosa's own defense forces
number $4,000 men, who are re-
cruited by compulsory consumption
for at least two years. They are
bept in razor-sharp training con-
dition. Drills and maneuvers are
endless, on the theory that such
vigilance is necessary in this CEN
tury Of lightning wars.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
BY WILLIAM L. RYAN
Associated Press FOreign News Analysl


BEIRUT, Lebanon.-A few ram
dom notes on what makes the
Middle East what 1t is:
Baghdad, the ancient tabled
capital Of the caliphs, is suddenly
going for the hamburger and hot
dog. There are two new stands in
Baghdad. one called, simply. the
Baghdad Drive-In. The other is
called, of all things, the Baghdad
Texan.
AS for the hamburger, they don't
call it that, because ham is bad
word to the pork-hating Moslem.
They call it just "sandweech."
They serve it with French frize."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
Ubiquitous Lebonese

Lebanese are exportable and
versatile. Everywhere one goes
in the Middle East. he finds ma
tives Of Lebanon working for other
governments as ministers or coun.
selors: as newspaper editors,
teachers, or just plain statesmen.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
Sondbog Lines

AS for the war: rebel positions
most often are simply line of
Sandbags in the street. The gov
ernment's positions are somewhat
the same. The line separating
rebel from government territory
occasionally is just a half inch
manila rope stretched from one
doorknob to another across the
street.
Any one of the armored. self
propelled guns of World War II
vintage could knock down the
whole works in about 80 seconds.
incidentally, the Lebanese insist
they have no army. just something
they call security forces. They are
armed with a motley collection of
bolt-action French. Belgian and
British rifles, some Stem guns.
some Bren guns and even sporting
rifles.
Some 40 per cent of the So
called Security Troops are MoSlem
and since the rebels are mostly
in the Moslem quarter, this poses
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03

Of Lebanese gather along the sea-
wall in the ritzy hotel section to
gossip, talk politics and watch
the well-to-do swim, water ski and
drink.
Extremely lovely girls in Bikinis
lounge lazily and self-consciously
in the warm Mediterranean sun
for the benefit of beautifully
tanned and trim young men clad
only in what is best described
as a sophisticated G-string.
Not long after night falls-on
some nights-you can hear the
crump of one or two high-explo-
sive mortars. or dynamite bombs,
the putt-putt of Sniper with a
rs caliber rife and once in a
rare while the bang of a self
propelled rs nm. gun. 1t doesn't
cause q ripple in the flow of
Scotch, though the ice tinkle
CRATES on your nerves.
Deep-but Not Here
This so-called war has been
billed back in the United States
as one with deep political under
currents stretching from Moscow
to Cairo.
If you happen to be the betting
type one will get you 10 that the
last people on earth the LebaneSe
want to see are the Russians.
Further, one will get you five that
they wouldn't be especially glad to
see too many people around from
the United Arab Republic headed
by Cairo's Canal Abdel NasSer.
The Lebanese are very fond of
money, fonder perhaps than most
people. 1t is a reasonably safe
guess that they would take dim
view of the Russians if for no
other reason that the Russians are
people to whom the mere making
of money is not necessarily mark
of success.
BY the same token is is not
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03

green fatigue uniforms. But the
government forgot to issue them
regulation shoes. Most of the wom-
en- solved the marching problem
nicely. however. They bought ball
let slippers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03

The Lebanon crisis hos shoken the chan
esIleries Of the world. but not oil
Lebonese. As wOrs 90. this one borders
on the ridiculous. although il hos its
serious moments Here is o report BY
Morine veteran Of World War u
and the KoFeon woE.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03

other items at fancy prices. They
buy gaudy gowns by the case loads.
just to take home for the purpose
Of parading privately before their
husbands.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
Woter Is Rore

The man who strikes water in
Kuwait will make more money
than anybody. But its almost
hopeless. Every time a man digs
for water he hits oil.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
Women in Uniform

In Syria, the women Of the Mu-
uuwamah Al-Shaabiyah, which
means peoples resistance organi-
cation. formed to fight an enemy
II he gets into Syria, have nice
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
Jukebox as Weapon

Russian technicians in Damas-
Gus like to eat out in the local
restaurant once in a while, but
they're being discouraged. Too
many American jukeboxes drive
them away.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
Development Pushed

The $3.50 million in American
aid has nourished a number of
great enterprises: the moderniza-
ton Of Taiwan's island-wide cleo
trio power system, largely hydro
electric: a virtual agricultural rev.
olution, increasing vastly the
capacity Of land and farmer to
produce more crops; q spawning
Of factories making such items as
plastics. synthetic f1bers, chemical
fertilizers. aluminium products,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
Men Are Just BOYS

The Jeddah husbands some
times show up at the store, too.
1t sells toys. among other things.
and the Saudi men like to tinker
with them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
A BANANA WAR
BY Benz PRICE
Associated Press star Writer

BEIRUT, Lebanon. - There is
only one adequate description for
what is now going on in this tiny
Middle East natlon-banana war.
If this had happened in Latin
America most Americans would
have dismissed it with a shrug.
To be sure a few people, abom-
inably equipped, shoot at other
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-03
Industry Is Sound

a delicate problem. Who knows
but what the Moslems might
desert to help their fellow CO.
religionists?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-05-22

DEAR ABBY: I have a hus-
band who has q NJ II ! buy
anything from anyone who
comes TO the door. He says
they are all crooks and what
ever they are selling Is no good
and costs too much. I have
bought q lot Of very good
things land cheaper, tool from
oor-to-door statesmen. VIII
you please tell me II I have
been taken for q ride7 You
can print this letter but please
sign II Brown Eyes" because
n I used my right name my
husband would never let me
forget II. Brown Eyes.
Some top-quallty proApcts
are sold only door-to-door.
However, us not worth
fighting about. So. since
Papa pays the fiddler. let him
cali the tune.
$50
DEAR ABBY: For 10 years
I have been married 10 q hus-
band who Ia one Of the best
husbands and fathers a wom-
an could want. My problem ID
that I have got 10 get some
sleep. I am afraid II ! sug-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-05-22
FAMOUS FABLES
BY E. E. EDGAR

OF FEE r: Newspaperman
Haywood Broun had little tai
ent for the business end of his
profession. When he was sports
editor of the New York Trib-
une. Broun was eager to hire
a young writer who had shown
considerable promise.
He spoke to the managing
editor, who gave his consent.
offer him $50 q week." said
the latter. IF you can't get him
for that, you can go to $55."
A few hours later Broun had
the writer in his office.
How would you like a Job
on the Tribune?" he asked.
I'D like it fine" said the
other. what does 1t pay?"
Well" said Broun, II am
authorized to offer you either
$50 or SIS a week. Which would
you rather have?"
After a very short pause, the
young writer said:
II think I would rather have
$55."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-05-22
If Popo Poys the Fiddler, Let Him Coll the Tune
sy ABIGAIL VAN BUREN,

gest twin beds he win think I
don't love him any more. which
Ia not the case. II Is only that
he weighs 265 pounds and he
falls asleep with his arm on
me. II feels like a ton OF logs.
I move over. and he moves
over. until ! am on the edge
OF the bed-so I get up and
walk around the bed and crawl
In on his side. Then the same
thing starts all over again.
Please advise me. TIRED.
Give your husband n long
and loving lecture on how
much you love him and then
order the twin beds.
DEAR ABBY: My problem
Is my wife. We've been mar
ried for 20 years and she has
nothing 10 do all day but clear
the house and rearrange the
furniture. When I get used
10 where everything is. she viii
move everything around again
She cleaned out my desk. and
now ! can't find my insurance
policies. contracts. receipts OF
anything. How Goes q man tel
his wife 70 leave her mitts OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-05-22
FEATURE Rcz

women who use the pay check
as a weapon Of aggression or
defense against them.
Both Jenny and her mother
should recognize that a girl with
good sense and an attractive
personality has q far greater
chance for happiness than q
girl who expects her good looks
to bring her everything desir-
able in life. A dull beauty is
sought by men more interested
in showing Of their prowess to
the world than in giving and
receiving love.
(Copyright 1853,
General Features Corp1
Tomorrow: Shy career sih eIinss
to friendship with older women.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-05-22

homely. You don't have to tell
me to improve my hairdo and
try different makeup, etc. I've
gone to the best beauty salons
and I do the best I can with
what I have. There is some i'm
provement in my looks. but not
enough to make me even
passably nice looking.
The way I figure it. I'm never
going to get married. With
beautiful girls all over the
place, why would anyone
choose me2 So I've decided that
I must equip myself for q good
career. / want to be an en-
gineer. My parents say they
never heard of anything SC
silly in all their lives and say
they won't even help me
through college If I study en-.
cheering.
Mrs. F. DIT is true thai
Jenny has a problem with hel
looks. but I don't see why
girl of 16 should give up al
hope of ever getting married
In spite Of her handicaps
Jenny has loads of friends, in
GLIDING boys. They sort Of trea
her like one of the fellows, bu
she never sits home and brood
without q date like a lot o.
prettier girls do.
I can't see any happiness IL