davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13

-. A chronological explosion
is occurring on American farms
as can be seen from the fact
that production per farm
worker has doubled in the last
is years. A new dimension in
farm policy has been created
which makes II virtually i'm
possible to curtail agricultural
output with the type Of controls
acceptable in our society.
shall send to the Congress
shortly a special message re-
commencing certain changes
In existing legislation that will
permit the Secretary Of Agri-
culture to establish price sup
ports for basic crops consistent
with the increased productive
capacity Of our agriculture.
These measures could not begin
to have a significant effect in
freeing the farm economy from
Government controls before
1860 under a program Of grad
ual adjustment Of production
TO normal market demands.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13
Presidents Proposals
Seek to Save Billions

A five-pronged attack to holC
down Federal spending in tn,
domestic field was launched b!
President Eisenhower in hi.
budget message TO Congress.
today.
He said his proposals woulc
provide the basis for budget.
AIRY savings of several billior
dollars annually within a few
years"
Few would have much effect
on the new 1859 fiscal yeai
budget. however. The message
estimated expenses in the broaC
!. civil benefits" category at SIG.
billion. down 5000 million from
the current fiscal year.
Moves Detailed
The Presidents economy
moves involve:
/. Curtailing. revising OF
eliminating some existing pro-
grams. including changes ir
farm benefits and veterans pen.
SionS.
2. Shifting to states or To-
calities a greater share of the
costs of such things as relief
for the needy and slum clear
ance projects.
3. Collecting more Of the
costs from those who benefit
directly from special Govern
ment services. This would in
clude raising postal rates. avi.
alton gasoline taxes. patent fees
and interest rates on housing
and other loans advanced by
the Government.
4. Putting of or cancellins
some previously recommended
new programs like Federal aic
in school construction.
/ 5. Granting the President
authority TO veto any particu.
lar item in an appropriation
bill instead Of having to APP
prove or disprove the measure
as a whole.
Mr.. Eisenhower did not spell
out details Of changes he pro-
poses In benefits to farmers
and veterans-proposals likely
to raise considerable fuss in a
congressional election year. He
said these would be submitted
In later special messages.
Aims nc Pensions
Veterans got a hint that
he may ask curtailment Of non-
service connected pensions.
Fundamental changes have
taken place In our society In
the last several decades which
require us to reconsider the
laws providing veterans bene-
FITS and services which now
overlap other growing public
benefit and welfare programs. /"
he said.
Extensive changes In various
forms Of Federal grants to
States were proposed to help
hold future Federal expendi-
lures To prudent levels"
The President accepted rec
concentrations Of q Joint Fed
eral-State Action Committee
for complete transfer to States
OF proNams for vocational ed
ucation and construction Of
waste treatment Of facilities,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13
Farm Program
Facing Slash
[0f S345N Million

Farmers absorb a s345 mil
lion cut in the fiscal 1859 bud
get. and President Eisenhower
plans deeper slashes for the
future.
The budget calls for the
Agriculture Department to
spend not quite s. billion, as
compared with $50 billion for
the current fiscal year.
furthermore. the President
served notice that he will press
for important revisions in our
price support. conservation.
and rural credit programs to
place them on a sounder long,
term basis with less reliance
lon the Federal Treasury"
Members of the Congress
sional farm bloc are lining up
to oppose these recommends
tons. which are highlighted by
plans to lower price supports.
Agriculture Secretary Benson
has announced essential points
of the program and the Pres
ident will pin down details in
q message TO Congress sched-
uled for this week.
The key feature Of the pro-
gram would let Mr.. Benson cut
price supports for basic"
crops below existing legal
minimums. He also would relax
production controls as part of
his plan TO reduce Government
intervention.
AS indicated earlier. the
J President recommended scrap
ping the acreage reserve phase
OF the soil bank at the end OF
the 1858 crop year. and ex-
( pandtng the soil banks long
range conservation reserve for
retiring surplus crop land from
production. This proposal
stands a good chance of APP
proval.
The Agriculture Department
biggest activity-price supports
and related activities - takes
the deepest cut in the 1859
budget. Spending is forecast
at less than $25 billion. down
$433 million. Ofiicials admit
ted this estimate Is only an
educated guess. Big crops could
boost expenditures substan-
TALLY.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13
Arms Control
From year TO We,

:. From year TO yeor we
have hoped that success would
finally crown our efforts 10
reach an international agree
ment which would permit. II
not general disarmament, at
least some reduction In the pro-
duction Of nuclear ornaments.
Again we find ourselves In a
situation that leaves us no
choice but TO test and produce
further quantities OF such
ornaments for defense o. the
free world.
Soviet ambition poses a
threat to the free countries
that takes several forms: open
armed attack. internal sub
version. and economic DONNA
ton, Mutual security helps to
meet all forms Of this threat.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13
Budget Receipts

Although higher than In pre-
vious years. the current esti-
mate Of receipts for the fiscal
year 1858 is somewhat smaller
than earlier expectations. re-
fiecting establishments cur
rently taking place in our econ-
omy following the rapid growth
OF the past several years.
There are strong grounds tc
support my confidence that the
expansion Of our economy will
soon be resumed. bringing
higher levels Of receipts with
present tax rates. The accelera-
ton Of defense efforts already
under way. the increasing pace
Of activity in a number Of pro-
grams involving State and local
as well as Federal expendi-
lures. the rapid pace OF tech
biological advance and its ap-
plication by American industry
the expanding needs and de-
sires Of our growing popula.
ton and Government policies
designed to facilitate the re-
sumption Of growth are among
the major factors that Justify
this confidence.
j. II the Congress follows
my recommendations. ! believe
that we shall be able to dc
what Is required for our de-
Tense efforts and meet the
basic needs of our domestic
programs without an increase
in tax rates. To maintain
present rates. ! recommend
that tax rates on corporation
income and certain excuses.
which under existing law are
scheduled for reduction next
July l. be extended for another
wear
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13

available for military functions
of the Department OF Defense.
This transfer authority is i'm
portant and ! will not hesitate
to use Ii.
The rapidly changing char
acter OF the military program
Is strikingly evident when the
weapons and equipment we
propose to buy in 1859 are
compared with those bought
as recently as l955-the first
full fiscal year after the Ko-
rean conflict.
All the fighters and
bombers proposed for procure
ment with 1859 appropriations
viii be capable Of supersonic
speeds and Of using guided mis-
siles and nuclear weapons. +.
:. For the total missile pro-
gram. about 90 per cent Of the
dollars planned for procure
ment in 1869 are for weapons
which were not in production
in operational quantities in
1855.
Most of the ships in the pro-
posed 1859 construction pro-
gram are entirely new types
not to be found in the 1855
shipbutlding list. These in
clude guided missile destroyers
and the first nuclear powered
frigate. The first three ballistic
missile submarines for the feet
are included in the 1858 sup
Elemental request.
Fully half Of the proposed
1859 program Of military con-
struction is for facilities for
the Strategic Air Command
and for weapons systems and
equipment which will have been
brought into operational use
since 1855.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13
Defense, Science

Americans are determined TO
maintain our ability to deter
war and to repel and decisively
counter any possible attack
+. Today we possess military SUI
periority over any potential
.aggressor or aggressors. Every
American should clearly under
stand that the vast defense
programs undertaken during
the past several years have
greatly advanced our military
preparedness and developed
and harnessed impressive new
scientific achievements. We
have sharply increased the
numbers Of scientists and en-
gineers assigned to top priority
defense programs. We have ex-
banded many fold the expendi-
lures for the development Of
missiles. both defensive and
8 counteroffensive. We have ac-
tolerated development Of adj
2 vanced guidance systems. new
fuels. and heat-resistant ma
E terials. We have greatly en-
larged our network Of warning
devices and communications
E Our longer-range ballistic
missile development. in parti-
: cular. has long had the highest
national priority. The result is
striking. Whereas In 1858 we
spent only 81 million on these
programs. we spent 81 billion
I; in 1857 and will spend more in
1858 and still more in 1859.
:. Our defenses are strong to-
day. both as a deterrent to war
2 and for use as a crushing re-
Spouse to any attack. Now our
j concern is for the future.
!, The development Of longer
range ballistic missiles. con-
]: struction Of missile sites and
detection systems, and other
:. missile programs including
d guided missile ships will be sub
stantially augmented. The total
expenditures for missile re-
p search. development and pro-
/; curement for guided missile
. ships. and for missile-related
construction will be S4.3 bill
lion In 1858 and $50 billion
In 1859. compared with So bill
lion spent IN 1857. SIT billion
In 1856 and sl.2 billion in 1855.
Commencing IN 1858. we will
, procure a number Of new mis-
stiles which have been recently
developed and have now become
+: operational.
: As an indispensable part OF
our efforts TO maintain an ade-
, quate defense. the budget rec
concentrations for 1859 call for
continued contributions 10 the
, efforts Of free world nations TO
promote the collective defense
, and economic growth. The
Soviet threat 10 freedom Is far
more than military power alone.
Poverty and ignorance. and the
despair. fear. and unrest that
now from them. have always
been enemies to liberty. The
Communists well know this and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13
Changes in Emphasis

I Total Government expendi-
lures; (ll for all procurement
to equip our forces and those
Of our allies with weapons.
ships. planes and missiles: 81
for atomic energy. and (3l for
all scientific research and edu-
cation. will be approximately
S2l.l billion IN 1858 and S2l.6
billion in 1889. compared with
$20.5 billion in 1857.
Within these totals for pro-
curement and science, we have
gradually but substantially
changed our emphasis. This
administrators continuing
attention in recent years to
new concepts Of defense is
shown by the fact that more
than rs per cent OF the total
funds for procurement in the
1853 budget and 1858 supple
mental requests is programmed
for new types Of equipment
which had not been developed
in the fiscal year 1855 or were
not being bought in produc-
ton quantities in that year
the first full year following the
Korean conflict. In 1858 mis-
siles alone took less than 2
cents OF each dollar spent for
major procurement: in 1857
missiles took about is cents Of
every procurement dollar: and
In 1859 will take about "a
cents.
The greatly increased fire.
power Of modern weapons and
the continuing increase In EN-
cheney permit q further reduce
ton In the numbers Of military
personnel. Procurement Of
older types Of weapons and
equipment Is also being re-
duced. Other defense expendi-
lures viii be reduced by clos
ing installations that are out
NODDED or are Of limited use.
and by tightening maintenance
standards. procurement prac-
tees. and supply manage
nnaraf
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13
Missiles Expansion

The budget provides funds
for a still greater expansion OF
the swiftly progressing inter-
continental and intermediate
range ballistic missile pro-
grams.
Expansion and further i'm
provement Of the continental
defense early warning network
viii be undertaken and con-
structed Of a new ballistic mis-
sile detection system started.
This budget includes funds
for accelerating the dispersal OF
Strategic Air Command aircraft
TO additional bases and for the
construction Of "alert" facil-
ties. -.
Funds are provided for an ex-
banded research and develop
ment effort on military satelli-
ties and other outer space
vehicles. and on antimissile
missile systems. to be carried
out directly under the Secretary
OF Defense. An increase is also
included for basic and applied
research in other areas.
Antisubmarine warfare capa-
bilities viii be increased "a
counter potential enemy SUBJ
marine threats.
While greater attention Is
given in this budget to the
foregoing areas. conventional
warfare capabilities Of all the
military services are also being
improved. For example. funds
are provided to initiate produc-
ton OF new models Of small
arms and ammunition. stand
ardized for use by all members
of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13

-. Expenditures for activi-
ties designed to promote the
defense Of the civilian popu-
lation against nuclear attack
are estimated TO be about the
same in the fiscal year 1859 as
In the current year. The ques-
tip Of q shelter program is
uni Ter consideration and tests
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13

with simultaneous relinquish-
ment to the States Of a portion
OF the local telephone service
tax. He said he would submit
legislation to carry out these
transfers in 1860.
Besides dropping his school
construction aid proposal. the
President suggested curtail-
ment Of the Federal program
Of grants to help build and
operate schools in areas where
enrolment is swelled by Fed
eral activities. This program
has cost the Government 81
billion since World War II.
On the relief front. he said
he will submit proposals later
for undermining the formulas
for public assistance with a
view to gradually reducing
Federal participation in its
financing"
Eyes Stun Aid Funds
\ AS for slum clearance or
urban renewal projects, the
President said:
i believe the time has come
when States and local COM
munities should assume a share
of the administrative and
financial costs more nearly
commensurate with the bene-
fits which their citizens re-
ceive
For Federal credit programs
generally. the President re-
newed appeals that interest
ceilings be raised to permit the
lending agencies to charge at
least as much as it costs them
to borrow the money. He asked
authority to vary the rates
for guaranteed or insured loans
IN line with market conditions. 1"
legislation recommended by
the President last year to raise
postal rates already has been
passed by the House and now
is pending in the Senate.
He urged amendment Of this
legislation. primarily by es-
tablishing a S cent letter rate
on all except local letters" in
order to provide revenues
which will more adequately
meet present needs" The
House-passed bill calls for a
accent rate on all first class
mail.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13

In order to pay for imports
OF goods and services from the
United States other countries
must be able TO export to Us.
The Reciprocal Trade
Agreements Act should be ex-
tended for five years beyond It's
expiration date Of June 30
1858. with certain new au-
thority for the President tc
negotiate gradual and selective
tariff reductions. Legislation
should also be enacted to au-
thorize United States member
ship in the Organization fol-
Trade Cooperation TO improve
the administrative efficiency OF
our trade agreements with
other countries.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13

The budget for the fiscal year
1859 which ! am transmitting
with this message reflects the
swiftly moving character Of the
time In which we live. It Is
clearly q time of growing oppor.
tunity as technology and science
almost daily open wholly new
vistas to all mankind. Yet II Is
also a time Of growing danger
The progress Of the Soviets In
long-range missiles and other
offensive weapons. together with
their continuing rejection Of a
workable disarmament. COM
pels us to increase certain OF
our defense activities which we
have only recently expanded
many fold.
We know that We are sturdy
today in the many strengths
that keep the peace. This
budget reflects our determine
ton to remain so in the future,
This budget reflects another
determination-that Of adher-
ing to those principles Of gov
ernmental and fiscal soundness
that have always guided this
administration-economy In ex-
penditures, efficiency in opera
lions. promotion Of growth and
stability in a free-enterprise
) economy. a vigorous Federal
State system. concern for hu-
man well-being. priority Of ma
tional security over lesser needs.
revenues adequate to cover ex-
penditures and permit debt re-
duction during periods of high
business activity. and revision
and reduction Of taxes when
possible.
To meet the respc nsibilities
imposed on US by world con-
diti0ns and by the fiscal prin-
eiples to which we adhere, the
budget for 1859 contains rec
concentrations to provide:
% An immediate increase
for 1888 Of SIS billion in spend
ing authority for the Depart
ment Of Defense. and a further
increase Of s2.5 billion in 1859
over 1858. to be applied princi-
: pally to accelerate missile pro-
, curement. TO strengthen our
. nuclear retaliatory power. and
to spur military research and
development programs:
go A resulting increase of
S2.S billion in estimated 1859
expenditures over 1857 for mis-
siles. nuclear armed or powered
ships. atomic energy. research
and development. science and
education. plus a further pro-
vision Of sos billion for defense
purposes, If needed: in addition.
authority to transfer up to 81
billion between military appro-
priations, in order to take
prompt advantage Of new de-
velopments:
80 A decrease Of SIS billion
in 1859 expenditures below 1857
for other military arms and
equipment and aircraft Of de-
Ginning importance. in favor Of
the newer weapons:
a. Curtailments. revisions.
or Examinations Of certain pres
ent civil programs. and defer
ments of previously recon-
mended new programs. in order
to restrain r1onmilitary SPEND
ing in 1859 and to provide the
basis for budgetary savings Of
several billion dollars annually
within a few years:
80 Continuation Of present
tax rates TO help achieve .
balanced budget in 1859.
I believe that this budget
adequately provides for our
Federal responsibilities in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13

INCREASINGLY exploit these fac
tors to extend their Influence
and control. This Soviet eco
nomic assault on freedom Is
rapidly growing. Conquest by
this route is no less menacing
to us and other free nations
than conquest by military force.
We must. accordingly, viRor-
ously advance our programs to
assist other peoples in their
efforts to remove poverty and
ignorance. AS we succeed in
these military and economic
efforts. our own freedom and
security are strengthened, and
the prospects for peace are i'm
proved.
Scientific and research eff
forts throughout the Nation
must be expanded. This is a
task not only for the Govern
ment but also for private In
dustry, foundations. and edu-
cational institutions. The Gov
eminent. on its part. viii in
crease its efforts in this area.
Supplemental appropriations
for 1858 will be requested for
the National Advisory Com
mittee for Aeronautics and the
National Science Foundation,
as well as the Department Of
Defense. For 1859. new pro-
grams to promote education
in science are being recon-
mended and basic research
activities are being generally
expanded.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13
Debt Limit

A debt limitation serves as
a proper reminder Of the i'm
poftance Of operating econom-
ically in discharging the re-
sponsibi-ities placed by the
Constitution and the statutes
on the Executive Branch. How
ever. the present limit of S275
billion is too restrictive In view
OF rising defense expenditures
and Of the need for more
fiexibility TO permit efficient
and economical debt manage
ment.
Therefore. will recommend
that the present limit be
revised upward temporarily
through the fiscal year 1853.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13
Military Issues

It is essential that we be
able promptly TO modify and
accelerate programs when and
as important discoveries or
archaeological Developments in
weapons indicate such action
TO be desirable. To accomplish
this end. the budget includes
a contingency reserve OF $500
million for defense purposes
only. It also proposes that the
Congress authorize the Presi-
dept TO transfer up to 81
BIZ ion between appropriations
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13
How Budget Balances

By the Associated
The following Official compares President
Eisenhowers new budget proposals with estimates for
the current fiscal ending next June 80 and with
final figures for the ended June go 1857 Tin millions
Of dollars:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13
PARTIAL TEXT OF MESSAGE
Budget Centers on Arms BuiIdup

FOLLOWING Is partial teri OF President EisenhoiOers
budget message TO Congress today,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13

THE EVENING STAR A-l3
Washington, D. @. -
MONDAY, JANUARY "a. 1858
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13

OF various types of shelters are
continuing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13
How Money Is Spent

The following official table summarizes by Govern
ent subdivisions the way President Esenhowers budget
today projects the spending Of $73934OO0O00 in the
fiscal year 1859. beginning July /. together with
paratve figures for the fiscal year 1889 and
the one ended June 80. 1857 Tin millions OF dollars
1857 1858 1859
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-13
Budget Needs
All f|le Breaks
ToAvoid Deficit
BY LEE M. COIN
Star star Writer

President Eisenhower's budg-
ct plans will collapse unless he
gets all the breaks.
Even q sprinkling Of bad
luck would push Federal A.
nances into the red next fiscal
year or force a tax increase.
The budget for the year start
ing next July is delicately
balanced on paper. at present
tax rates. 1t shows a half
billion-dollar surplus - the
margin between $73.9 billion of
spending and $74,4 billion Of
receipts.
Diario las Américas., 1958-07-11
DR.. +.
continuation de Ia pag. 81

(COntlnuacIOH de la pag. 81
necesitan para sus iaportacio-
mes. Ell cafe es tambien un pro-
ducto importante para la eco
nomia de Panama y Nicaragua.
Eisenhower y sus acompanan7
ties estudiaran tambien, euidadog
samente, los esfuerzos que rea-
lizan las cinco republicas Gen.
troamericanas para crear I'm
mercado comun regional. Esta-
dos Unidos esta convencido de
que este proyecto es uno de los
promisorios en- ell campo econo-
mico latinoamericano y desean
que tenga ell mas pleno eXito.
A este respecto es muy pro-
bable que ell doctor Eisenho-
wer regrese a Washington, en-
condolences de recomendar- al.
guna ayuda concrete de Estados
Unidos, para que ell mercado
comun centroamericano pueda
e una realidad.