davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-13
REPORT FROM CANADA
It's q Crucial Time
For u. S. Interests

for sale at prices below those oh.
tanning in the United States.
Historically the Conservative
Party is the high tariff party. His
torically Ontario is the high tariff
province. And for a generation
Conservatism and Ontario walked
hand in hand. neither much loved
by the rest of Canada. But now
Conservatism. at least the Diefen-
baker brand, has become a ma
tional movement.
On the basis of election results.
five of the 10 Canadian provinces
are even more strongly Conserva-
tive than Ontario-and they are
in the prairies and on the At
lantic coast, both of which are
historically low-tariff areas. Mr..
Diefenbaker himself is from low
tariff Saskatchewan.
Oppose U. S. Direction
While the government has not
encouraged the idea Of higher
tariffs against American goods, it
has encouraged the expectation
that it will strongly oppose die
tation by American boards of di-
rectors Of commercial policy for
Canadian companies over which
the United States boards exercise
financial control.
Early in the election campaign
Mr.. Diefenbaker said he hoped to
persuade" United States firms
with Canadian subsidiaries to sell
stock in the subsidiaries to Cana
dians, and to wipe out restric-
tons which in some cases prevent
the subsidiaries from selling in
foreign markets in competition
with the products of the parent
United States firms. Late in the
campaign the verb changed from
persuade" to require"
Any element Of compulsion
might tend to inhibit the inflow
of United States capital Canada
needs for resources development
and to help finance the country's
trade deficit with the United
States.
More British investment capital
might get Canada around this
difficulty, but Britain would have
to be able to earn the dollars to
invest in Canada. mainly by SELL
ing more British goods in this
country. And that fact brings the
government squarely up against
the British free trade offer which
the government rebuffed last fall.
The offer has attractions for the
low-tarif provinces, but none at
all for Ontario, where industry
and jobs might be seriously af-
fected by an influx of low-cost
British goods.
Thus 1t is obvious that Mr..
Diefenbaker must try to reconcile
some perplexing and contradictory
economic considerations in draft
ing new economic policies toward
the United States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-13


cials Saturday indicated the
United States. Britain and France
will quickly reject this proposal.
The feeling in Washington is
that Russians do not really want
a summit conference in the near
future. or that if they do, Rus
sian leaders want the West to
come to such a meeting on Soviet
terms. The White House observed
that the latest Russian proposal
dealt only with the time. place
and composition of a subsequent
foreign ministers meeting.
The Western powers in an
earlier note to Russia asked that
the preliminary meetings be used
to determine the issues to be dis
cussed by the heads Of the four
powers.
Another sticking point is Rus
Sia's insiStence that they be per-
mitted to exercise a veto power.
even on the foreign minister level.
This has been interpreted as an
effort to block discussion of Ger
man unification or Communist
domination of Eastern European
countries.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-13
BY GERALD WARING
Special Writer for The Star

OTTAWA-An important result
Of the Conservative landslide in
Canada is that Prime Minister
John Diefenbaker now has a free
hand to deal with" the United
States in the forceful way in
which many of his party believe
the United States should be dealt
with. The question now is: How
tough will the Canadian govern
ment get? Or how tough dare it
get?
Any excessive swapping Of the
Canadian beavers incisors could
result in some retaliation by the
American eagles talons. While
Canada and the United States are
very dependent on each other mil
itarily and economically, Canada
is the more dependent. A serious
falling out between Ottawa and
Washington would hurt Canada
more.
Relations already have been
chilled by Mr.. Diefenbaker's pol
icies intended to reduce Canadian
dependence on the United States
commodity market for both pur-
chases and sales, and to lay down
new ground rules for the Sl4 bill
lion that Americans have invest
ed in this country.
A cause for new irritation may
arise from the investigation Mr..
Diefenbaker has promised into
charges that United States Gov
eminent policy prohibiting Amer
leans from trading with Commu-
mist China effectively blocked a
prospective sale of 1000 cars to
the Chinese Reds by Ford Of
Canada.
Business Is Expectont
Ontario business leaders, in
Guiding some who contributed to
the Conservative campaign fund,
expect government action to en-
courage domestic manufacture of
many goods now imported from
, the United States. They point out
that this would help bring about
the Is per cent cut in imports
from the United States which Mr..
Diefenbaker desires. and would re-
duce Canada's trade deficit with
the United States. which the
Prime Minister described last
year as frightening.
The most obvious way to curb
imports and encourage domestic
manufacturing is by tariff in
creases, and the Canadian busi-
ness community is thinking in
these terms. There has been no
indication that the Canadian gov
eminent is.
During the election campaign
Mr.. Diefenbaker did not go be-
yond promises that farmers. tex
tile workers and others would be
protected against the dumping Of
United States products in Canada
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-13
Path to Power

The sudden emergence of Ba-
tiSta occurred during a severe de-
preston and following the repres-
sive dictatorship of Gerardo Ma
chado Q925-l933. Machado was
ousted in a military coup and Ba-
tista threw out the officers who
had evicted Machado.
The one-time sergeant-sten-
ographer elevated and toppled q
series of Presidents in the years
that followed but did not assume
the presidency himself until 1910.
In 1914. Batista bowed to the
increased pressure for a truly free
election. Since he had placed q
non-succesSion provision in the
Cuban constitution, he could not
run. The opposition candidate.
Ramon Grau San Martin won
and Batista went into exile at
Daytona Beach, Fla.
Batista returned to Cuba in
1919 as a member of the Senate
and began building support, par
ticularly in the Army. In 1852
he led a whirlwind, 79-minute
coup in which President Prio
Socarras was ousted.
The stocky dictator's trouble
with Fidel Castro began on July
26. 1853, when the law student
led a band of youths in an attack
on Moncada Barracks in San
tiago. About 100 students and
soldiers were killed. Castro was
captured and sentenced to Is years
in prison.
Batista, the only candidate in
the 1854 presidential elections. in
a show Of benevolence granted
presidential amnesty to Castro
who went into exile in Mexico.
The freed rebel leader returned
to Cuba with band of 81 VOL
unteers in December. 1856, and
since has waged a guerrilla war.
At the moment it appears that
idealiSt Fidel Castro has little
chance to drive out 57-year-old
Fulgencio Batista. The dictator
has the nation in a tight grip.
Police and troops patrol trouble
spots night and day. Constitu-
tional rights have been suspended
eight times in Is months; there
is no freedom of speech, press.
radio or television.
President Batista has powerful
American interests on his side.
While American businessmen may
find a dictatorship distasteful.
they fear a full-scale revolution
and the uncertain aftermath as
a threat to their investments.
Gambling interests, too, are
against change. Havana had only
four casinos two years ago. Today
it has 10 and three more are
under construction. In addition.
there are 200 "garitos." small
gambling houses that operate
illegally. (See story by Miriam
Gutenberg on Page A-25J
Although Batista seems to be
solidly entrenched. neutral OBJ
servers are not yet ready to write
off Fidel Castro. They say Bastista
is hated by most Of the islands
6 million population and point
out that middle-class business
men selling liberation" bonds are
raising about 100000 a month
for the rebel leader.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-13
GREAT DECISIONS 1853
The China Trade Dilemma
BY NEAL STANFORD

There are more angles to the
question, Should we trade with
Red China?" than first meet the
eye. For much more is involved
here than trade. In fact, such
trade as may be in mind, no
matter how much. is by far the
least important factor at stake.
For the United States this is a
political question-and still a red
hot one, although now 1t is at
least discussible, which was not
the case some years ago. China
trade is also sore point with our
allies--and for all kinds Of reasons.
Until 1857 the United States
had kept the lid on Red China
trade. imposed at the outbreak Of
the Korean war in 1850. During
the past year Washington reluc-
family agreed to let our allies do a
certain amount of trading in GER
tain items with Peiping but it
wants to have no part of such
VI dOC iIoCl.
The fact that our allies were
prepared to trade anyway. with or
without Washington'S permission.
may somewhat spoil our posture
Of resignation: but it indicates
that American officials could see
the way the tide was running.
How Much Is There?
But If our allies would like to
see the United States take an
even more tolerant view toward
Red China trade, they do not nee
essarily want us to go overheard.
While they would like to have us
make trade with Red China easier
for them they are not necessarily
interested in seeing us start trad
ing with Peiping.
To put it crassly, they do not
want to divide whatever small
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-13
WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE

ing center Of Ell Cobre, west of
Santiago. The rebels reportedlg
burned the city hall and touched
of 80 tons Of dynamite in con-
struction shack before returning
to their hideoutS in the Sierra
Maestro Mountains.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-13
BY EARL II. VOSS
Star stan Writer


There are those in the Penta-
gon who sometimes feel that they
are caught in a >nightmare-the
kind in which the pistol is pointed
straight at your heart. finger is
tightening on the trigger and you
are in the grip of a strange paraly-
sis. unable to duck or even cry out.
The pistol in the Pentagon night
mare is Russia's military machine.
the finger is the Kremlin leader
ship and the paralysis is the diff
ficulty in the American defense
organization to arrive at decisions
and carry them through to COM
pletiQn.
President. Eisenhower's newly
unveiled plan to reorganize the
Pentagon, and some independent
actions by Secretary of Defense
Neil McElroy, recognize the prob
lem. Whether they are proposing
enough. or whether Congress will
allow them to do enough. is a
question of great Importance to
this Nations future.
Dimensions of the decision
making problem have long APP
palled those familiar with it. But
the general atmosphere of secrecy
in the Pentagon has kept details
from the general public.
There has been some publicity,
to be sure. 1t has been revealed
that it took about eight years
from conception to production Of
the B-52 bomber. while Soviet
counterpart was developed in four
to five years. Our FLOP fighter
took seven years to develop. COM
pared to four years for the So
Wet Farmer fighter.
How 1t Works
Recently professor from the
graduate school of business adj
nninistration at Harvard went into
considerable detail on the slug
gishness Of Pentagon decision
making.
The professor, j. Sterling Liv-
ingston reported to a Washington
audience that it takes an average
of five years from the time new
weapon idea is conceived until a
decision is made to proceed with
its deSign-not its production. only
its design"
The reason, widely recognized.
is that authority and responsibility
are widely divided" fragmented
among far too many organiza-
tons in each of the services, and
even in their subordinate COM
mands.
Here is a flow-chart example Of
an Air Force decision in the max
ing. drawn from Prof. Livingston's
speech:
STEP ONE: Formulation by Air
Force headquarters of develop
ment planning objective calling
for a piece of hardware to do a
certain job, say an attack air.
craft that can outmaneuver the
latest Soviet antiaircraft defense.
STEP TWO: Feasibility deter
mination." assigned to one of the
IL research centers of the Air
Research and Development Com
mand.
STEP THREE: Assignment Of
the problem to weapons manu-
facturer. under a study contract"
for research into the feasibility Of
the original objective.
STEP FOUR: Return of the
weapons manufacturers proposal
to the Air Research and Develop
ment Command.
STEP FIVE: Forwarding the
proposal. with recommendation
from ARDC. to Air Force head
quarters in the Pentaeon.
STEP SIX: Preparation by Air
Force headquarters of a draft
requirement for a new weapons
system.
STEP SEVEN: Review of the
draft by some 20 or 80 interested"
Air Force Offices.
= Time elapsed so far: THREE
|. YEARS.
STEP EIGHT: Coordination of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-13

International questions facing the
American people. The series is pub
lished in conjunction with Decisions"
discussion groups being conducted in
this area by the Junior Chamber of
Commerce in cooperation with the
Foreign Policy Association and the
American Foundation for Political Edu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-13

cation Mr.. Stanford is staff correspondent of the
Christian Science Monitor This article reprinted from
the FPA publication, Foreign Policy Bulletin
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-13

This is the seventh article in The Sunday Stars
elghtweek Great Decisions 1858" series on crucial
info otto
Diario las Américas., 1958-12-23
Mueren 8 Rorcuds en-
Choque de Dos Autos
Cercd de Belle Glade
Trabo;adores Pereeen al chocur con Auto de PoIiciu

cuentra a unos cuantos kilome
tros de este lugar, murio afe-
rtado al volonte Los investiga
dores dijeron que trato de des-
viarse pero no logro rehuir ell
choque.
Russell dijo tambien que los
ruertorr quenos Sc dirigian a I'm
bar cercano. Manifesto que to-
dos nabian estado tomando be-
bidas alcoholics.
Este ha sido Ell peor acciden.
tie que he visto en- TODD mi vida
-anadi6-. Necesite mas de I'M;
bora para sacar del coche todos
los cadayeres."
Ell tcagico choque ocurri6 es-
ia madrugada temprano, POGO
despues de la medianoche, Ger.
ca del 'Rictu Motel, situado en-
ell noroeSte de este pueblo de la
Florida Meridional.
Lola Richmond, propietaria
del motel, dijo que Eel acciden
tie ocurlio cast frente al patio
oelantero de mi casa"
me disponia a acostarme -
(Pasa a la Pagina III
Diario las Américas., 1958-12-23

LONDRES, Die. 22.-(UPD-
China Comunista ha dado SUI
total apoyo" a la demanda So
vietica para que Sc retiren las
tropas extranjeras de Berlin
Occidental y Sc ponga termino
a la ocupacion cuatripartita de
esa IONA de la ciudad.
La declaration Official del go.
bierno de- Pekin fue anunciada
por la radio de esa ciudad, en-
transmission escuchada aqui.
Berlin debe ser devuelta al
pueblo aleman", dice la decla-
raci6n. "Esta es una MEDIA jus
ia, de acuerdo con ell deseo
unanime de TODD ell pueblo ale
man y los intereses de la paz
mundial."
La declaration de Pekin ca.
Utica la proposition sovietica
sobre la antigua capital de Ale
mania como "otra poderosa
prueba del noble deseo del 60
bierno sovietico y 81 espiritu
Diario las Américas., 1958-12-23

tunadas en- ella.
Ell diario Official comunista
ataca ademas al comandante del
ej5rcito norteamericano en- Eu
ropa, H. /. HodeS, a quien LA.
maron provocador y belicista.
por haber afirmado que Estados
Unidos considerara I'm bloqueo
de Benin como un ataque con.
ira Estados Unidos.
Kiefert, que es Primer Secre-
tario del Partido Comunista de
Berlin, diio en- terminus claros,
que Estados Unidos no lograra
romper un bloqueo de Berlin
Occidental porque mo podra
desplegar sus canones de la o.
TAN"
Las proposiciones sovieticas
llevan implicita la amenaza del
(Pasa a la Pag. III
Diario las Américas., 1958-12-23
FdciI Triunfo de De Gau||e
en- las E|ecciones Francesas
cUIminaeion de una Revolution que
Deio Eliminado la cuarta RepGbIico
Por ARTHUR HIGBEE

bre I'm total de ASS votos,
contados hasta esa bora, De
Gaulle habia obtenido 36,162, es-
to es, ell 81 por ciento. Ell comu-
nista Georges Marrane tenia a.
500 y ell liberal Alberto Chate-
let 3,945. Ell numero tai de
"grandes electores" era de 3d.
SOB. La votacion termino a las
1900 GMTM.
Dos minutes despues de COMO
cerse ell triunfo de De Gaulle
Rene Coty, ell hombre a quien
sucedera ell General ell 8 de enc
no, llamo por telefono a este, a
SUI Residential de campo de Co.
lombey-Les Deux-Eglises, para
felicitarle.
"Quiero ser ell primero -dijo
Coty- en- transmitirle mis- sim
ceras y calurosas congratulated
mes por SUI election"
La victoria de De Gaulle esta-
ba asegurada desde que anuncio
SUI candidatura hace doce dias,
pues Ell 80 por ciento, mas o me-
nos, de los compromisarios es-
{Pasa a la Pagina I'D
Diario las Américas., 1958-12-23
Grandes Tempestades |nundan a
Rio Y ParaIizan Todo Transito

Varias radioemisoras no pu-
dieron trasmitir hoy por la ma
mana pues las lluvias han ave
riado sus subestaciones trans.
miSoras.
NumeIosas casas chicas Sc de.
rrumbaron.
En- Ell barrio de S. Cristovao,
ell aqua lego en- algunas parties
a dos metros de altura.
Los talleres del vespertino
ultima Hora", en- csc barrio,
estan inundados, por 10 cual no
circuldra hoy ell periodico.
Tambien sobre la poblacion
de Visinhas cay6 una verdadera
tromba de aqua la noche pasa-
da.
Los trenes que vienen desde
ell interior a Rio de Janeiro sus-
pendera ell servicio a paritr de
las nueve de la noche.
Ell Alcalde de Rio Janeiro, Sa
(Pasa a la Pagina I'D
Diario las Américas., 1958-12-23

oportunidad para reclamar ere
ditto POI clio.
La reSponsabilidad por ell pri-
.ner punto corresponds proba
blemente al Presidente de la
Junta. Edgard ~Sanabria, desta
cado abogado, professor universe
tario y ASSESSOR gubernativo, que
sucedio a Larrazabal a media
DOS dc noviembre. En- menos de
dos meses en- ell cargo, Sanabria
Ia demostrado que no desea ser
considerable, mera figura deco
rstiva En- dos ocasiones ha re-
currido al pleno uso de la auto
ridad presidential: AL preparar
las e%lecciones para evitar per
turbaciones en- ell dia de los CO.
micios; y al d~eclarar, despues
lie estos que suspende las ga
rsntlas constituencies 81 con
tinuaban las Manifestations
(Pasa. a la Pag. III
Diario las Américas., 1958-12-23
Sc Adehnlan al Maestro
Junta de Gobierno de Venezuela Sc Anota|
I'm 1Fiunfo con Ell Aumento de |mpuestos
%sanobria Pruebo Ser Hombre de Aeei6n y Astuto

CARACAS, diclembre %. (U.
P.I.)-Ei Gobierno provisional
de Venezuela gano de mano al
maestro de la politica nacional
ell Presidenet electo R6mulo Be
tanco,rt con un decreto por ell
que eleya ell minimo de la carga
impositjva que pagan las COM
panias petrcleras, del so por
ciento de las utilidades, a, por
10 menos, e, so por ciento de
esas gansncias.
La MEDIA Gle la junta fue in
cluida en- un decreto especial
totalmeIte .inesrersdo. en- ell que
sc dec'dra retroactive para TODD
ell ano de 1858 un aumento ge-
neral de los impuestos a la rem
ia.
En- esta lorna, ell gobierno
provisional Sc anota un doble
triunfo politico de una sola plu
mazda
Diario las Américas., 1958-12-23

RIO DE JANEIRO, Die. %.
-(UP.J- La capital brasilena
sufrlo dos grandes tempestades
Ell las dos ultimas noches, con
mas de cuarenta muertos. La
ciudad sc encuentra practica
mente inundada hoy por la ma
mana con ell trafico ferroviario
paralizado Y ell transito de auto.
buses y tranvias Sc hace lenta
mente y con exceso de pasaje-
ros.
Despues de intense calor, Sc
produjeron las dos grandes tenn
pestades de las cuales la Sc
gunda fue la mayor, desde las
seis de la tarde de aver hasta
las cualro de la manana de hoy.
Los periodicos dan informa-
clones diciendo que Sc han
contado % cadaveres de victi-
mas de las lluvias de inundacio
mes per1 la policia afirma que
son AZ los muertos.
Diario las Américas., 1958-12-23
FOTOGRAFIADO FL
SATELLITE ATLAS"
EN- La ARGENTINA

BUENOS AIRES, Die. % =
(UPI)-El Observatorio Astro-
nomicc de la Universidad de
Cuyo, en- San Juan, Argentina,
informa que fotografio anoche
al satellite Atlas, por primera
vez, Ell la Argentina y segun
Sc cree por primera vez tam.
bien en- ell Hemisferio.
Las ~fotografias Sc tomaron
cuando ell Atlas paso de Este
a Oeste, aproximadamente, a
mil Kilometres de altitud en-
SUI decima mona orbita.
Trabajando con los Observable
rios de Huancayo, en- PERU Y
Almogoido en- Nuevo Mexico,
y estacIones en- Canada, San
Juan Ca to al Atlas directamen.
tie oe frente
Ell director del observatorio
doctor Erlco Cesco informo que
Ell satellite parecia de un color
amarillo naranja. lanzando una
intense luz mientras giraba.
FL ~ingeniero Lopez Echega-
ray dijo que parecia girar con
mas ientitud que ell Sputnik
aunque viaja con mas rapidez.
Ell Atlas pasa sobre San Juan
lcada bora y Al minutes, y es
visible por 10 minutes, habien-
doselr dado a la fotografia una
exposition de dos minutes cua-
renta segundos.
Diario las Américas., 1958-12-23
Russia Anuncia
Reduction en-
sus Gastos
Para Defensa

MoSCU, Die. 22.-(UPI)-El
Minlstro de Hacienda Arseny
zverev pidio hoy al Supreme
Soviet Parliamentary, que aprue
be un presupuesto para 1859,
que reduciria los gastos de re-
fensa rusos por cuarto ano con-
secutivo
Zverev propuso un presu
puesto balanceado que tendria
ingresos por 1872. 900. 100000 de
rublos para ell proximo ano.
t180. 700. 900. 900 d6lares al tipo
Official de cambio), y gastos de
7n7.200. 600. 900 de rublos (176.
800.O00.o0 dolares).
Propuso un 'presupuesto mi
litar visible" de 96.100. 000. 900
de rublos (24.025.O 600. 900 de do
lares) para 1859, unos 193. 275.
600 rublos (43.318.750 dolares);
para 1859, unos 193.275.000 ru-
Bios (43.318.7 $50 d6lares) menos
que la cifra comparable para
1858.
Gel presupuesto presente de
los Estados Unidos tiene gas
tos por so. .0O0. 900 de dola-
res, la mitaG de cuya suma es
para defensa. Ell presupuesto
scvietito para gastos "militareS
vlsibles" presumiblemente no
incluye partidas tan costosas CO
mo los estudios sobre cohetes.)
Zverev pidio a los legislado
res que aprueben s27. 300. 900. 1000
de rublos (6,800. 000. 900 d6la-
RESI- para ciencia. No dijo CO.
mo Sc distribuiria esa suma.
Dljo que ell presupuesto mill
tar "refleia la politica de la
Urion Sovietica de preservar
la paz y reducir las tensiones
en- TODD eel mundo' pero que
Russia no .puede desatender Ell
hecho de que algunos paises
a2resivos estan amenazando la
paz, aumentando la tension y
ell peligro de guerra"
Por esa razon. diio, ell pre-
supuesto militar "tiene cast ell
mismo nivel que Ell del ano az
tual."
La proposition presupuestal
hecha en- la primera session de
trabajo del Supreme Soviet Sc
espera que sera aprobada por
los 247 diputados reunidos pa
"a la segunda session parlamen-
taria del ano
Los observadores indicaron
que era possible que parte del
programa de gastos militares
aparezca baio otras partidas.
Las cifras comparables de
1856 a 1858 fueron:
Pasa a la Pagina III
Diario las Américas., 1958-12-23
Crisis de Berlin
zenge
China Communist Apoya por Complete Ia
Demanda Rusa de Que Sc Retren 7ropas
Berlin Debe Ser DevveIto al Pueblo AIemdn, Dice

Berlin Occidental en- una "ciu-
dad de la Inca del frente" den.
tro de Alemania Democratica
(OrientaD."
Expresa que Berlin 0cciden-
tai ha sido utilizado como ba.
Sc para adelantar la guerra fra,
creando tension y emprendien.
do actividades subversivas y
perturbadoras" contra Ale
mania Oriental y "otros paises
socialistas."
Acusa a Gran Bretafia, Fran
cia y Estados Unidos de "ha.
Der violado totalmente los
principles fundamentals del
acuerdo de Potsdam' que esta-
blecio la ocupacion de Berlin,
y que "por tanto, han perdido
toda base legal para continuar
la ocupacion de Berlin occiden-
tai"
Precisamente por este, dice
la declaration, la proposition
(Pasa a la Pag. LII