davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1958-03-13

ENcHTDlS lTOfl JuUSc I1GuQCISOll y
charge to the jurors follow.
Gentlemen of the Jury:
After you have been duly sworn
and given proper instruction you
will retire to the Grand Jury
Room and begin your work. Your
presiding officer will be the one
who has been selected by the
Court as foreman of the grand
jury.
He VIII SeIect at least two clerks
who make records of the proceed
ingS, and also door keeper who
arranges for the admittance of
witnesses as their presence is de-
sired This is done through the
Bailiff who is on duty outside the
door, and who is at the service of
the Grand Jury.
Probably most of the matters
that will engage the attention of
the grand jury will be brought be-
fore it by the States Attorney. He
is the official adviser of the
Grand Jury, and many matters
have from time to time come to
his attention which it will be his
duty to present for your action.
But you are not limited to matters
presented to you by the States
Attorney, and you can. of your
own accord, go into other matters.
If any of you have personal knowl-
edge of other offenses, it is not
only your privilege bnt your duty
to bring it to the attention of your
colleagues.
Your proceedings must be kept
secret, and what goes on should
not be revealed by you, except by
order Of Court If from the teSti-
mony you conclude there should
be charge made against one or
more persons, then you do this by
a "presentment" After you have
done this the States Attorney pre-
pares the official charge on which
the accused is tried and which is
called an indictment. Even when
these have been given to the
Court, you are not released from
your duty of secrecy. And, of
course, if you decide not to charge
the accused, nothing should be
said on the outside as to the evil
dence which you have voted as in
sufficient, or even that any accusa-
ton has been made.
Witnesses are heard by you
singly. Nobody else should be
present except the States At
torney. or the Court Reporter if
authorized by Court. Ordinarily
the questioning is done by the
states attorney, but you too are en-
titled to do this You can even
examine witnesses the States At
torney being present. if you SO
desire. But ordinarily time is
saved and better results are OBJ
tanned if the States Attorney does
most of the questioning. But when
the time comes for you to vote
whether you will charge the com
mission of a crime, nobody except
your own members can be present
in your room.
Your vote need not be unani-
nous. but at least twelve must
vote in favor of making any accu-
sation.
Grand Juries have always been
considered as bulwark of liberty
to the citizens. Unless the Grand
Jurors find that there is reason
able ground to believe that an ac-
cuSed person has committed a
crime, their duty is to refuse to
find an indictment They thus
prevent innocent persons from be-
ing put to the expenses and humili-
alton of trial where there is
really no case against them.
Your function is double 1t is, on
one hand, to bring to trial persons
whom you find have committed
crimes, and on the other hand, to
refuse to charge persons whom
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1958-03-13

Unusual circumstances sur
rounded the meeting of the March
Term Grand jury Monday morn
ing in the Court House. There was
the usual charge to the grand
jurors, but it was unusual in that
it was delivered by Chief Judge
George Henderson, who was con
tributing his last official act in
the circuit before his forced re-
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1958-03-13
With Our Men
In The Service

Donald G. Harvey, fireman, USN,
son of Mr. and Mrs. Edward X.
Harvey of Bloomington, and hus-
band of the former Miss Jay S.
Dawson of Westcrnport, returned
to Norfolk, Va, Feb. %, aboard the
destroyer USS John r. Pierce after
taking part in the Atlantic Fleets
annual Operation Springboard''
being held in the Caribbean Sea.
The anti-submarine training oper-
alton began in late January and
will continue through March.
-CD-----
Explorer II was believed to have
burned to dust after firing.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1958-03-13

viving are the parents, a twin
sister Diana Kay, and another
sister Joy Groves
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1958-03-13

Twenty thousand bodies were
discovered in a World War II pris-
on camp in Western Poland
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1958-03-13
Accident Personals

The Ladies Aid of the Church
of the Brethren met at the home
OF Mr. and Mrs. Ross Speicher on
last Friday night. The president,
Mrs. Clark Schlossnagle, had
charge of the business. Mrs. Mar
win Calls and Mrs. Fred Alexander
conducted the program. AT the
Evening star., 1958-07-01
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Vice President Nixon says Sherman Adams case is not
the the Truman scandals With Adams for instance
everything he touches turns to Goldfne.
Who says the United Nations won't work? Member
nations hard at work to who hdnap the most
Americans.
The Marines blast Ikes defense revampng plan. The
Marines regard themselves something like Texas with
the United States but not Of it
~
One politician has adopted a code Of ethics He
will take only perishabe gifts small enough to t
shelf Of cebox-candy, fruit vegetables-and money.
Diners glossary Grits-What Southern restaurants put
next to tourists in place Of sign reading Yankee
60 home"
mans home is his hassle.
Now that Russian dancers have appeared a metz
work TV show, 10 million Americans may have to take
the Fifth the question: Have entertained Com
munistS In your living room?"
Evening star., 1958-07-01

fully" accepting Mr.. Adams
resignation, is that he is in
dispensable. Mr.. Adams has,
in fact, been the President
for q very large part Of the
entire second term! He is the
Presidents alter ego.
That confession by the
President is essentially more
damaging to the administra-
tion, and the Republican
Party than the admission by
Mr.. Adams. 1t is O testimony
Of the Presidents incapacity
to bear the full responsible
ties of his Office. And Mr..
Adams is also caught. He can
not put the responsibilities
he has assumed back into the
Presidents lap. The burden
would be too much for the
President, and it is not as
Signable. For better or worse,
therefore, Mr.. Adams must
stick it out.
Evening star., 1958-07-01

him take over but named the
monitors to guide him.
Mr.. Schmidt brought the
compromise suit originally and,
with fellow attorneys, is seek
ing $350.o00 fees from the un-
ion, which agreed to pay all
costs as part Of the settlement.
Hoffa continued q quarterly
session with the Teamsters'
executive board with the COM
ment, 1--WE Just plan to 10
about our business Of running
a union Of which every member
can be proud"
Hoffa told reporters he op-
poses Senate-approved union
reform legislation which,
among other things, bars cons
victed criminals from holding
union office. Hoffa said felons
;an hold Teamsters' ONCE and
he felt all unions should be left
free to run their affairs.
He said the Teamsters are
going along with a monitors
plan to name q panel to investi-
gate corruption disclosures by
the Senate Rackets Committee
against Ray Cohen, boss Of
Philadelphia Local lot and a
union vice president.
Evening star., 1958-07-01
I Teomsters Accused
Of Buckinq Reforms

attorney, said he planned to
file the report with United
States District Judge F. Dick
inson Let's in a few days.
Mr.. Schmidt's report will
conflict with that filed by for
mer chief monitor Nathan Cay.
ton, who said upon resigning
some weeks ago the monitors
were getting close cooperation
from TIE am msters President
James r. Hoffa.
Martin O'Donoghue, the new
chairman Of the monitor group,
was reported seeking greater
authority to operate the moni-
tor system established by
Judge Let's to work out re-
forms with Hoffa.
1t was reported Mr.. O'Dono-
ghue is contending he must
have more leeway to operate
and greater assurance that
monitors cleanup orders will
be carried out, or he too will
quit.
The third monitor is a union
selected man, l.. N. D. (Nat)
Wells.
The monitors were appointed
in January in a compromise Of
a law suit seeking to bar Hoffa
from becoming president Of the
Teamsters. The settlement let
Evening star., 1958-07-01
Qu0si-Judici0I Groups Members
Held Not Subject to President

The Supreme Court Of the
United States has Just re-
afiirmed q principle Of con-
stitutional law that has q
direct bearing on some
aspects Of the controversy
over the Sherman Adams
case. The principle Is related
also to the recent furor over
influences exerted by mem
bers Of Congress on the Fed
eral Communications Com
mission, which awards IL
censes for television and
radio.
It has been enormously
assumed in the last few
weeks In some quarters that
the White House exercises
some sort Of control over the
tenure Of members of the
independent agencies, such
as the Federal Trade Com
mission or the Securities and
Exchange Commission. II has
been charged by critics that
Q telephone call from the
executive oflces merely in
Quiring about q pending
matter could cause q COM
missioner to tremble because
he might be summarily re-
moved.
But the Supreme Court on
Monday Of this week, in a
unanimous opinion, says
that, where Congress by law
does not specify q cause for
removal, the members Of
quasi : judicial commissions
cannot be dismissed by the
President and that they do
not, therefore, hold Office
subject to his will.
Justice Frankfurter, who
wrote the 9-to-0 opinion,
went somewhat further than
did the Supreme Court %
years ago when it ruled that
members Of the independent
commissions could be re-
moved only for the causes
specified by Congress. Justice
Frankfurter's opinion of this
week says the members Of
these commissions cannot be
removed by the President
during their term of ofiice,
even when Congress fails to
specify any causes for re-
moval.
A Presidents power Of re-
moval had never in the his
tory Of the United States
been the subject of any ex-
haustive study by the Su-
preme Court until October rs,
1926, when it was held that
the Chief Executive could re-
move a postmaster at will.
From this it was inferred
thereafter that he could re-
move all other officials Of the
Federal agencies as well.
Evening star., 1958-07-01
DAVID LAWRENCE
Supreme Court and Influence

freedom from Executive In
reference. For IL Is quite
evident again TO quote Hum
phrey's executor (case), that
one who holds his ONCE only
during the pleasure Of an
other, cannot be depended
upon TO maintain an attitude
Of independence against the
latter's will"
The case before the court
this week concerned Myron
Wiener, q member OF the
War Claims Commission who
was removed on December
10, 1858, by President Eisen-
hover. Congress had not
specified BY law any grounds
for removal Of the commits
sioner but did say the COM
mission was TO "adjudicate
according TO law" and that
the commission was to be
entirely free from the con-
troll or coercive influence, d.
rect or indirect" Of either
the Executive or Congress.
Justice Frankfurter added:
IF, as one must take for
granted, the War Claims Act
precluded the President from
influencing the commission
in passing on q particular
claim, q fortiori must it be
inferred that Congress did
not wish to have hang over
the commission the Damocles'
sword Of removal by the
President for no reason other
than that he preferred to
have on that commission
men Of his own choosing?"
It has been argued that
commissioners would never
theless be subservient to
Executive pressure because
they might desire reappoint-
ment and, once they in
CURED presidential disap-
proval, there would be no
extension Of tenure. But this
could apply also to the ne
cessity for confirmation by
members Of the Senate. So
theoretically, Congress must
not be antagonized, either. If
commissioners want to play
politics, however, they can
do so anyway. but over the
years the members of the
quasi judicial commissions
and boards have shown their
independence. Many of the
commissions have career per-
sonnel who serve indefinitely.
They know the score. Scan
dals Of improper pressure
would be promptly exposed
by them. The theory. there
fore, that members Of inde-
pendent commissions must
kow-tow to the White House
to retain their posts now has
been completely demolished
by the Supreme Courts
unanimous opinion Of this
week.
Reproduction Rights Reserved
Evening star., 1958-07-01

too frosty to make many
friends, and the brash
Lithuanian immigrant who
so easily made his pile, so
easily picks up useful friends,
throws his weight around
and his money too, drops
famous names, knows that
the world being what it is,
influence is nine-tenths of
the law, and has q wonderful
time.
Mr.. Adams must have
found his company warm
and relaxing, relaxing enough
TO cause him (AdaIuS) to
fall out Of a character created
initially by a hard childhood,
a hard-working youth and
life, and one then sedulously
built UP from such founda-
tionS: to quote his 81-year-
old father. Sound as q dollar.
square as a brick"-an anach-
romism about both dollars
and bricks, neither of which
are what they once were.
The whole story is reminis-
cent of the folklore Of the
honest country boy bedazzled
by the city slicker. Mr..
Adams, even while confessine
his ''imprudence," described
his ebullient friend as "an
upright and honest citizen,
trustworthy and reliable.
Adjectives are seldom pre-
else definitions. Mr.. Gold
fine is q go-getter, who does
not waste time on unimpor-
Evening star., 1958-07-01
DORIS FLEEsoN
No-Copment Appearance Recalls Story
OF Coolidqe.s Silent Attorney General

Washington has not seen
anything quite like Bernard
Goldfine's lawyer-fianked ar
rival in Washington since
President Calvin Coolidge ap-
pointed a fellow-Vermonter,
John Sargent, to be his At
torney General.
President Coolidge was hav-
ing trouble with the Teapot
Dome scandals and he
charged Mr.. Sargent not to
talk to reporters. Mr.. Sargent
took this admonition literally,
refusing to reply even when
an exasperated reporter who
had found himself in the
small hours at Union Station
for nothing said: "Well your
name is John Sargent, isn't
1t?"
Mr.. Goldfine was met by
one Of his Boston attorneys,
Samuel P. Sears, who snap
ped at reporters that his
client was saying absolutely
nothing" When one sug-
gested that Mr.. Goldine
might say something simple
like you're glad to be in
Washington" Mr.. Sears
waved his arms and shouted
mol mol"
Lawrence Cohen, another
Goldflne lawyer from Boston,
already had made it official
that his client-or perhaps
one should say their client, "
since Mr.. Goldflne seems to
Evening star., 1958-07-01

have more lawyers than Car
ter has pills--is "a terrible
witness" It is clear at any
rate that q determined effort
is under way to stop him from
the kind of broadsides which
the old associate who fingered
him for the Harris subcom-
mittee, millionaire John Fox
Of Boston, has been firing.
For it also became appar-
ent over the week end that
Sherman Adams. with the
help of President Eisenhower,
is directing from the White
House a determined counter
offensive to the Adams
must go" demands within his
own party.
Vice President Nixon spoke
up for Mr.. Adams and the
administration G generally.
White House Press Secretary
Hagerty exploited the reck-
lessnC's Of the Fox charges
and Mr.. Adams held his first
press conference. Mr.. Adams
did not answer questions, but
it was an historic occasion,
nonetheless.
Roger Robb, q Goldfine at.
torney from Washington, was
described by the Boston con-
tingent as their chief Of staff
and their channel to q Madi-
son avenue public relations
firm advising them on pro-
cedure. Mr.. Robb, well known
as an Adams associate, says:
mo doubt Goldfine talked to
Evening star., 1958-07-01

Chief Justice Taft, who had
himself been President, hand
ed down the decision in the
famous Myers case. He ruled.
In effect, that a President has
an inherent constitutional
power Of removal Of all off,
cials even when they have
duties Of a quasi judicial
character" This was sup
posed to flow from the Presi-
dents power to see that "the
laws be faithfully executed"
Then came the historic de-
cision Of May ~. 1885, when
by o to 0 the Supreme Court
justices overruled President
Franklin d. Roosevelt's dis
missal Of William e. Hum
phrey. q member of the Fed
eral Trade Commission whose
term had not then expired.
Mr.. Roosevelt said that Mr..
Humphrey was all right ex-
cept that his mind "did not
go along with the Presi-
dents and he wanted q man
Of his own selection.
BY the time the case was
decided Mr.. Humphrey had
died. but his heirs had sued
in the Court Of Claims for
back salary and this was
awarded in the 1885 decision.
The Supreme Court insisted
that the Myers opinion Of
1925 applied only to "all
purely executive officers" and
did not apply to members Of
quasi : judicial commissions
like the Federal Trade Com
ission. The court expressly
disapproved Of the concept in
the Myers case concerning a
Presidents inherent ,consti-
tutional power Of removal.
Thus, In this weeks opin-
ion, Justice Frankfurter says:
Humphreys case was a
cause celebre-Aan not least
in the halls Of Congress. And
what is the essence Of the
decision in Humphreys case?
It drew a sharp line Of cleav-
age between officials who
were part of the executive
establishment and were thus
removable by virtue of the
Presi dents constitutional
powers. and those who are
members Of a body to exer-
else its Judgment without the
leave or hindrance of any
other official or any depart
ment Of the Government as
to whom a power Of removal
exists only If Congress may
fairly be said to have con-
ferred it.
"This sharp differentiation
derives from the difference
in functions between those
who are part Of the execu-
tive establishment and those
whose tasks require absolute
Evening star., 1958-07-01
MINE BROWN
Kidnupings Seen Communist Move
To Show Up u. S. as Weak

risk Of a clash which this
country neither wants nor Is
willing 10 accept"
All our allies, friends and
those uncommitted nations
which stili regard the United
States as the foremost power
In the world ready to take a
chance In order TO safeguard
the tenets Of freedom are
aghast. They believe in the
inherent power Of America
to meet head on any chal-
lenge from the suppressots
Of freedom. But they wonder
at the indecision, timidity
and fear Of the American
leadership both in the exec
utive and legislative branches
Of this Government.
A case In point Is Lebanon.
There Is no doubt whatso-
ever that we gave fun assur.
ance to the Lebanese govern
ment that we stand ready TO
help 1t with everything to
remain free and outside the
Soviet and United Arab Re-
public orbit. We backed that
promise by sending the re-
inforced 9th Fleet with am
pie contingents of combat
Marines to Lebanese waters.
We alerted paratroopers in
Germany to stand ready to
move into that distraught
Middle Eastern republic at a
moments notice. Yet last
week when President Cha
noun intimated that he was
about ready to ask us to
honor the check given by
President Eisenhower he was
strongly urged not to en-
barrass US since the United
Nations Secretary General
Dag Hammarskjold was GO
ing to find a solution to the
problem.
Lebanon in itself is Of little
consequence. But the impli-
cations Of our hesitancy will
have necessarily very serious
repercussions on the rest of
the Middle East which is vi
tally important in our scheme
Of global strategy. Power is
the most important ingredi-
ent to maintain self respect
and prestige in that area.
Russia is showing more than
1t actually has: We present a
picture Of indecision which
Evening star., 1958-07-01
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Reds Psychological Offensive

Is interpreted by the Arabs
as fear Of Russia's might.
The most recent move Of
international communism's
propaganda machine is the
note with q strong ulti-
matum flavor from the
Chinese Communists. Peiping
broadcast q demand that we
resume diplomatic negotia-
tions with them at ambas-
sadorial level. Unless we
comply, the Communists in
dicated they win consider
themselves free TO start op-
erations to ''liberate the
Formosan territories" which
they said "are an integral
part Of the Chinese Peoples
Republic"
The diplomatic negotia-
tions" mentioned by Peiping
were discussions which
started at Geneva In 1855 for
the sole purpose Of liberating
the American prisoners Of
war stu held In Communist
China In contravention Of
the Korean armistice. They
continued for more than two
years with no other practical
results than that 8 Of the
40 prisoners have been liber-
ated. As a matter of fact. &C.
cording to Pentagon sources,
there still are more than $50
American boys In Chinese
jails.
The ultimatum issued by
the Chinese Communists
through the broadcast does
not demonstrate any de-
sire of the Pieping regime
to talk over the fate Of hum
dreds Of arbitrarily held
GIs. It merely indicates
that it wants diplomatic
negotiations at aEnbassa.
dorial level. The obviou0pur.
pose is to increase COM
munist China's prospects Of
admission to the United Ma
tions next November. Here
tofore the administration was
adamant on that subject. But
the Communists, whose main
weapon is blackmail. believe
that the peace in our time"
attitude Of the American
administration would fright
en- it into accepting their de-
mands. They are giving US
the alternative Of complying
or witnessing an offensive
against either Formosa or the
offshore islands or both.
Evening star., 1958-07-01
Presidents Aide Seen Unable to Turn
Responsibilities Back to Eisenhower

The sherman Adams
case" crowded other news off
the front pages of European
newspapers, and in coun-
tries notorious for q press
most of which is a paid
vehicle for one or another
business or political interest,
there was an element of glee
in the. exposure.
For the stock of the Presi-
dent land his adminiStra-
tion) has fallen precipitous-
ly in the last months. Abroad
he has been blamed, not for
Mr.. Adams, hitherto inter-
nationally anonymous, but
for Mr.. Dulles who is any
thing but.
To try to fathom just why
Mr.. Dulles should be so de-
tested even by people who
so along with his policies is
difficult. These blame him
because his policies are not
notably successful, but dis
like him for his pervasive
air of Self-righteouSnesS
Now they can get back at
Mr.. Dulles through the
righteous Mr.. Adams, and at
the President for retaining
them both.
This column confeSses a
certain sympathy for Mr..
Adams. A novelist might try
to analyze this attraction of
oppositeS in between the
prudent penny counting
northern New Highlander of
founding-father er ancestry.
Evening star., 1958-07-01
DOROTHY THOMPSON
Mr.. Adams Must Stick 1t Out

tant people.
The incident has filled Mr..
Adams with the utmost cha
grin. But there are no signs
Of embarrassment by Nj.
Gold1ine.
Both men are ambitious:
Mr.. Goldflne for money,
luxury. high living. sue
cess; Mr.. Adams for we'll
earned power. A bad combi-
nation in friends. The money
man doesn't want power. He
wants friends in power
Someone to drop q word, put
In a telephone call, open
doors-the friend needn't
commit himself; understand,
1 don't want you to do a
thing for me-" But the
thing" is already done. The
door is opened. Once in, the
money-man. respectfully re-
ceived, expects to sell his own
bill Of goods.
And, by the way, why
should an overcoat whose
cost at the mill is in the
vicinity of $69." as Mr..
Adams testified, retail (as 1
believe it did for $700? What
goes into that extra-manu-
featuring cost? Influence"
otherwise known as public
relations?
Influence-peddling has be-
come an integral part of
American life.
But the crux Of this case is
that the President, admitting
Mr.. Adams imprudence,
needs" Mr.. Adams-as he
needs Mr.. Dulles. The essen
tial argument for not regret
Evening star., 1958-07-01

plane so he can attend the
celebrations in Northern Jut.
lands Rebild Hills.
Denmark is the only country
outside the United States
which celebrates the American
Independence Day.
Yesterday Mr.. Stevenson
visited Prof. Niels Bohr, lead
ing Danish physicist, and
lunched with Premier Hans @.
Hansen. The American poll
tical leader is on his way to
the Soviet Union.