davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-14
It's Muskie's Day

Edmund Sixtie Muskie. who for
two terms as Governor has been
one of the Pine Tree States most
popular officeholders since James
G. Blaine, led the big Democratic
sweep. 1t was clearly his popularity
more than anything else that made
so much Of the rest of the Demo-
cratic ticket acceptable in the
traditionally Republican State
officials at the Republican Ma
tional Committee, although disin-,
clined in the face of the figures to
offer even fainthearted excuses.
did point to the Muskie popularity
factor. But it was the majority
that the Governor received in his
successful bid to unseat Senator
Frederick Payne that was impress
sive--and indicative more Of a
Democratic trend than Of merely
a personal victory.
Gov. Muskie's total was 17I,942
votes, compared to 112.17s for Sem
stor Payne, who in addition to
enjoying a reputation as a hard
working Senator, is himself no
novice on the stump.
The race for Governor provided
evidence that even the Democrats
had no idea that this would be
such big year for them in Maine.
Most of them. including Gov.
Muskie. had despaired Of the
chances of Clinton A. Clauscn,
their chiropractor candidate for
Governor who won with 1900
votes to spare. That it was almost
too easy for the Democrats was
also shown in one race for a State
Senate post in which a Democrat
won on a platform that promised
a better recipe for clam chowder.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-14
FOREIGN
SCENE
Continued From Page A-25

Continued From Page AIS
tiations in Amman, Cairo, Beirut
and Damascus were united in a
belief that the Secretary General
had failed to bring about accep-
lance of plan for stability in the
Middle East.
Chief stumbling-block, report
edly, was Jordan's refusal to agree
to withdrawal of British troops
unless positive guarantees were
received from United Arab Re-
public President Nasser of support,
or at least noninterference. for the
government Of King Hussein.
Cairo sources said such guarantees
were refused by Col. NaSser, who
also rejected the plan to have
U. N. monitors stationed in every
Arab nation.
Mr.. Hammarskjold will report
on the Middle East journey when
the U. N. General Assembly
gathers for its regular session this
week.
In Iraq, reports that the new
revolutionary republic was split
between pro-Nasser forces and
those advocating independence
were strengthened by the abrupt
removal Of Brig. Abdul Salam
Aref. deputy commander of Irao's
armed forces and Deputy Premier
Of the republic. Dissension inside
the government, it was reported,
was threatening to bring down
Premier Abdul Karin Kassem's
cabinet over the issue of closer
ties to NasSer.
Lebanon, torn by revolt since
May, was relatively tranquil last
week. Gen. ~Fouad Chehab. who
will succeed Camille Glamour as
President on September "a, COM
forted pro-Westerners by an
nouncing he would reappoint DR..
Charles Malik as Foreign Min
lister and head of Lebanon's dele
cation to the U. N.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-14

something-not to be blood -shed-
ding. If we started with blood, we
would not stop. We would go on,
and others would initiate us. That
l learnt from Charles Dickens.
q. NapoleOn--what do you think
Of him?
A. was against Napoleon, be-
cause he invaded Egypt lie
laughs as though / may feel this
reaction naive.) He put his guns
on the Moqattam hills and shelled
Cairo-so. Of course, / was against
him. as a schoolboy. Now? Well,
it was the policy of force. Believe
me, although I am soldier, and
a revolutionary, hate war, ] hate
violence. Revolution must 60 side
by side with principle and char
acter. It is not the heroic actions
which matter--though they get
spoken of in the newspapers--but
heroic principles. For example,
the Turkish Revolution: I do not
like Ataturk's GMustapha Renal
Ataturk, Turkish leader after
World War II brutality. He was
cold, not sentimental. and he
signed the death mandate of his
best friend, his closest friend. with
out being affected. What good is
a revolution If it does not make
the individual free? If it is just
by force? / also admire George
Washington. He was a gentle
man, not cruel man.
@. But your dislike Of violence,
your discipleship OF Gandhi-in
way your choice Of career, as an
officer, goes against this?
A. 1t may seem so, but not
really. In countries like Egypt the
army is a force of education. The
role of an army can differ from
one country to another. But did
you know at the start of the revo-
luton / was personally against
having a big army? 1t was peace
full. even toward Israel. 1t was
other officers who insisted on the
dangers. All this changed when
the GAIA raid happened. It all
changed in one night: 28th Febru-
airy, 1855. Then we had to have
arms, to defend ourselves. You
know. / saw the refugees, and I
was terrified TO see Egyptians be-
come as refugees. So we asked the
West for arms. and they refused
us. So we took them without con-
ditionS from CzechoSlovakia.
@. Returning to Arab national
ism, who for you is an Arab?
A Anyone who speaks Arabic,
as his mother-tongue.
@. You don't go for the theories
which make Egyptians Pharaonic,
the Lebanese Phoenicians, and SO
on?
"A. No. it is all rubbish, but rub
bish Intentionally exploited.
@. In what sense are these who
speak Arabic a nation? In the
sense that the Germans are a ma.
ton already, even though di-
yided? Or in the sense that the
Europeans may one day become a
nation?
A, The Arabs are people united
by speaking the same language,
which you do not do in Europe;
but more important. they also have
similar reactions to events and
incidents. If something happens
to one section of them, it con-
Germs all Of them. from end to
end. They have in the last hum
dred years all been victims Of the
same imperialism.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-14
Continued From Page AIS

Continued From Page AIS
suits are filed directly in the Fed
eral courts by the NAACP.
Meanwhile, three other Virginia
localities face the possibility Of
seeing some of their schools closed
this month.
In Norfolk, the school board it
self challenged massive resistance
by asking a Federal court to strike
down a State court injunction for
bidding the assignment Of II
Negroes to white schools. The plea
win be heard on Wednesday, and
If the school board wins, it pre-
sumably will assign the II stu
dents to white schools, which
likely will be closed by the Gov
ernor.
In Charlottesville. the school
board was placed under n1anda-
tory injunction yesterday by Judge
4 Paul specifically directing it to
admit II Negroes to two white
schools. The judge denied a re-
quest for stay pending appeal.
Opening of the city's schools, twice
postponed, is set for September %.
In Arlington, where 80 Negroes
have been seeking entrance to
seven white schools. classes were
continuing nm segregated basis
while the county waited word on
the fate of the 80 applications
from Federal Judge Albert ".
Bryan. Judge Bryan had said that
he would not rule until after the
Supreme Court decided the Little
Rock case. Last week he said
there would be no ruling from him
before next week at the earliest"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-14

Mail talked Of these factors Of
strength as though 1t was a plan
for Nassei"s empire. They never
stopped talking Of Nassers plots.
II something happened in BAH
rein. they would not ask II there
was some local cause. No, 1t had
to be NasSer. II there was
strike in Alden. I had organized it.
Even If ! didn't know about it,
(He smiles, half ironic. half hui
morous.) The empire of Nasser!
The last thing we want. But New
Zealand does not take orders from
England. India does not obey Cam
ada. Yet you have your Common
wealth. Why not an Arab feeling
Of union. without talk of empire?
We do not wish to dominate. But
we wish to defend ourselves.
q. What chances do you think
there are Of better relations be.
tween the West and the Arabs?
A. Between the people, already
very good. I get $4,000 letters a
day. From all over the world.
Before Suez got about 20. From
Arabs Gin Brazil, in Africa, in
Australia. From America, from
ordinary people in Los Angeles
and California. and of course New
York. It is strange how letters
vary according to the part Of the
country they come from. People
write apologizing for Mr.. Dulles.
or course there are many from
England and Germany. China,
too, and Yugoslavia.
@. And Russia?
A. No. the Russians don't write.
I don't know why. And people
send presents. Germans send
gramophone records. One lady
from America sent me two wolf
hounds by aeroplane. In a letter
she wrote: You will be needing
these to guard your house!
q. A last question: What did
you feel at the time Of Suez, 1
mean, the time of the ultimatum?
A. Eden proved me wrong. Yes.
quite wrong. believed he could
not be serious, because I had
prepared an appreciation of the
situation. from his point of view.
was convinced that an attack
on Egypt was seventy per cent
unlikely, and an attack with
Israel one hundred per cent i'm
possible. I argued that from
their point of view they would
lose SO much, so much, did not
believe his ultimatum. I thought
then. it must be a bluff to help
the 1sraelis, to give them a cheap
victory. You know we had air
superiority for the first twenty
four hours? But when / heard
Jets over the city, and came
on to the roof of my house and
saw Canberras, then I knew Eden
was serious. So Immediately we
decided on the retreat from Sinai.
Immediately. 1t was the only
thing to do: to save the majority
OF our forces from being cut in
two.
@. And do you think England
has lost everything?
A. No. because she saved her
honor. We heard in, Egypt every
thing about the Parliament. the
demonstrations in Trafalgar
Square, about the protests, the
letters in the newspapers, and
this restored our respect for Eng
land. AS I said, We respect prin-
ciple. ~
International Copyright
The Middle East Forum, Beirut Lebanon
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-14
PRESIDENT
An Intimate, Personal Portrait Of Nasser

together. Why? Because the
theater Of operations would be
spread-it would not be just
where the attacker choSe--it
would be over a great area. And
in this wide area there was an
even wider extent of interests.
And because throughout the Arab
world an extent Of public opinion
would exist. too: to fight together.
@. When did these discussions
take place?
A. The year before the revolu-
ton, 1861. And another thing:
Egypt'S greatest weakness had all
along been its strategic position.
After all, it was for its strategic
position that it had been oc-
cupied. both by the Turks in
1917, because 1t commanded the
route to the East, by Napoleon in
1898 and by the British in 1882.
My idea was to turn this disad-
vantage into our bigger aSivan-
tage: Not to attack other coun-
tries. but to defend our own.
Again, we had studied the wealth
Of the Arabs: The oil in particular.
In the Palestine war. for example,
every Arab country was fright
ened for its wealth, for its oil.
Again. we would turn this to the
Arabs advantage. We would use
the threat to oil against invaders.
Again. not to attack, but in self
defense. This was not to cut the
throat of Europe. On the con-
trary. 1t was to force the West
to cooperate with us, as equals,
not dominate over us. We wanted
a new relationship. The same
thing with the canal. When it
was built the Khedive though it
would be Of use to Egypt. In the
result it served all the world: But
Egypt-it served only as an ex-
cuse' for our occupation.
So the strategy Of Arab nation
alism took shape. as a strategy.
BY it. we can defend Egypt and
the Arab countries. We can win
respect from the world; we can
feel justly an important and USE
full member of the world, not Just
people orders are given to. Our
dignity is safe. But repeat again.
Arab nationalism is something
practical, not sentimental.
@. Does Pan-Islamism play
part?
A. Our idea is that if we mix
religion and politics, politics will
dominate over religion, and in this
way kill religion. Never forget, we
are trying to escape from 600
years of domination by the Turks,
and then by the British. To escape
from this ! had to look for sup
port, for a base of strength, from
which to act. I mentioned this in
my book. The Philosophy of the
Revolution" But it led to two mis-
understandings in foreign coun-
tries. / found Egypt at the center
Of three circles-circles of force.
First. the Arabs: We are at the
center Of the Arab world, halfway
between Morocco and Iraq. What
happens to us will affect all the
Arabs. Second. We are Moslems;
We are at the center of the ISlamie
world. What happens to us will
be felt by all Moslems. And third,
we are in Africa. We are an
African country. The people of
Africa will not regard us as
strangers. What happens here
affects all Africa.
Newspapers like the Daily
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-14

troops as soon as possible and
with no strings attached.
2. A general amnesty for all
those who participated in the
rebellion.
Faced with these conflicting de-
mands. Gen. Chehab finds himself
in a dilemma. His most serious
problem is what to do with an
estimated 500 persons arrested for
criminal acts causing the death
Of many innocent people.
Another Revolt Threatened
The opposition is insisting that
they should be included in a gen.
eral amnesty while the loyalists
are threatening to start revolt
Of their own if they are set free.
So far. only a few murderers have
been brought to trial and none
has received the death penalty.
Even worse. murder is on the in
crease in Beirut where hardly a
day passes without, at least, q
dozen assassinations taking place.
Commenting tartly on the de-
teriorating situation, a Lebanese
columnist wrote: Murder was
never as common and life was
never as cheap, not even in AL
Capone's days when the Malta
rfilad Hl1inoCo -
What to do with the murderers
is only one Of the problems facing
Gen. Chehab. If he should deal
with it effectively. he may pave
the way to the solution of other
outstanding issues. These are:
/. The withdrawal of American
troops. While the opposition is
insisting on quick withdrawal,
the loyalists are demanding that
the Americans remain here until
peace and order returns to the
country. Procurement newspa-
per Al-Amal stated the loyalists'
position as follows: THE Leba-
nese people will not ask for eyac-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-14
A Big Job Awaits Chehob
In Power Switch in Lebanon

uation Of these forces, which have
come here as rescue forces until
all causes which necesSitated their
presence in Lebanon have been
eliminated"
Groduolism Predicted
How will Shehab deal with this
problem? This writer has talked
to many top-ranking LebaneSe of
ficerS close to the general (who
still refuses to meet the press and
their thinking on the subject
seems to run as follows: Chehab
will wait until September "a when
he is expected to take over the
presidency from Glamour. If the
opposition will. by that time, de-
eide to end the strike, he will ask
for gradual withdrawal of the
Americans.
2. United Nations observers:
While the opposition decries their
presence here, the loyalists are
cool to having them arguing that
they have not been and could not
he effective. It is felt here that
Gen. Chehab will tell U. N. Secre-
tary General HammarSkjold that
his observers are not needed for
the time being.
3. The future government of
Lebanon: Gen. Chehab is reported
searching hard for successor to
Premier Sami Sohl. While the
opposition is adamant in insisting
that one of its ranks should form
the new government, the loyalists,
who control majority of votes in
Parliament, insist that they will
never cooperate with a man who
has been involved in the revolt.
Consequently, ,Chehab will, most
likely. dissolve Parliament and set
a date for new elections to be held
as soon as possible. In the mean
time, he will appoint a neutral
caretaker government.
To sum. up: Chehab'S main
problem remains what to do with
the murderers. Could he possibly
get the loyalistS and opposition
to agree on q solution? From the
outlook here, the chances for such
a solution seem dim. Some go so
far as to predict that he will re-
sign before September "a. 1t is
argued that the only way left open
before him is to force his own So
luton on both parties. Even this
might be too late.
The most promising note of
hopefulness in the situation is
the fact that neither of the major
factions has. at hand, an accept
able substitute for the middle-of-
the-roader Gen. Chehab. If he
were to bow out of the picture,
either voluntarily or by coercion,
then Lebanon would fall again
into political confusion and violent
anarchy. with Nasser on the one
hand and the West on the other
vying for advantage and the sta
bility Of the Middle East a sure
loser.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-14

hated Cromwell. Now l feel the
opposite.
A. oh, see. OF course, the
Khedives Irulers of Egypt under
nominal Turkish sovereignty. /
admired Muhammad Ali 1.-THE first
Khedivel to some extent, for he
was a reformer. but a brutal re-
former.
q. Which Khedive was the
worst?
A. OF course, Tewfik! IKhedive.
1S79-l892.l
@. l agree.
A. He was horrible.
q. And Ismail, his father?
A. ISmail was good-hearted. He
wanted to make Egypt part Of
Europe, but you cannot do that by
building an opera and roads. pal
aces like Abdin and telegraph Of
fees. The only way you can do
it is by raising the living stand.
ards of the people till it is nearer
to Europe. Only by that. Which
means industrialization, for we can
never feed all our people by agri-
culture. You know that next year
we shall make machine tools?
@. Yes, i have been to Helwan.
The steel factory is very impress
sive.
A. I laid the first stone two
years ago. and I shall go to the
opening. We must industrialize.
Cromer 1.-THE Earl of Cromer, di-
rector of Egyptian finances under
the Joint British French interview
ton, 1876-1880l wanted us to grow
cotton only. for Lancashire.
@. Were you influenced by any
writers?
A. Yes, by many. From 1884 I
read the works of Mustafa Kamil
tthe Egyptian nationalist. not the
Turkish DICTATOR / read his biog-
raphy: l read all the articles by
him which had appeared in the
newspapers. To do this / went
to the public library and asked for
their files. Then I read Tewflk
al Hakim and Taha Hussein. OF
course, I was particularly in
terested in the history of Egypt
in the 18th century. Again. it was
a combination: A combination of
novels and biographies. newspaper
articles and poetry. Above all, l
was interested to read about the
French Revolution. / read their
lives, the revolutionaries, again
and again.
@. Which Of them did you adj
mire? DantOn? RObespierre?
A. None of them really. / adj
mired Voltaire. Because he was a
calm man, not cruel. The other
leaders were too Understanding.
They all killed each other. Every
one dies by violence. Do you know
one who did not? Tread the novel
of Dickens. You have read it? A
Tale of Two Cities? read that
several times. / learnt from it
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-14
Adoms-Goldfine Issue

AS has always been said of
Maine elections. the national sig
nificance was not slight. For one
thing, this years election revived
the almost moribund issue swirl
ing around Presidential Assistant
Sherman Adams and his munifi-
cent friend. Bernard Goldfine. Gov.
Muskie did not make much of the
fact that Senator Payne had adj
mitted that he also had received
some large favors from Mr.. Gold
fine, including a loan of over So, 900
which had not been repaid. Never
theless, this was considered a ma
jor-although not controlling
factor in Senator Payne's defeat.
To many Democrats, this is
evidence enough that Democratic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-14
BY DESMOND STEWART

>. "a wall, a guard. door;
And through the door. Nasser's
house is visible, a moderate-sized
villa, no bigger or more pretentious
than a doctors house in Surrey.
with a lawn in front. A nurse is
looking out OF an upstairs window,
holding a small child. As / go
through the front door, hear
someone say something in Arabic:
We have guests,
I wait alone in drawing room
furnished in a style which bears
no hostility TO France. and while
/ sip an orange juice, / have time
to study the six photographs on
the mantelpiece.
Tito is the only European: the
others are all from the Banding
powers; Kuwatly Syrian PREMIER
is the only Arab. A secretary
comes in, and / follow him across
the hall to the door Of Nassers
study. -.
After an hour, i said: Zone
thing I would ask, please kick me
out when you are tired of me-"
And a little later ! spread the
typed questions on the table, be-
side my second coffee. thus in
sertin9 into the sea of talk an
archipelago. These questions are
the islands;
@. Arab natiOnalism. as distinct
from Egyptian nati0nalism, is as
sOciated with your name. When
did you first become conscious Of
ArabiSm? Was there any partic-
ular moment?
A. Not one moment-all my Sec
ondary school days. I and the
other boys. we were always re-
acting to the Arab incidents in the
press. Whatever happened in the
Arab countries affected us. The
chief events? The Arab revolt in
Palestine and the French bru-
talities in Syria.
@. Who were your bOyhOOd
heroes?
A. with his very characteristic
laugh, that some of his caricatures
catch, but none of his photo
graphs, have been asked that
question before. A combination.
that is the true answer. Gandhi.
l admired Gandhi very much.
But again, when I was smaller
and We we're studying religion in
school, l admired very much Mu-
hammad. He was. ! considered, a
leader working for his people, to
liberate them from ignorance.
learnt one virtue from Muham-
mad, too-the virtue of patience.
For twenty-three years, he was
patient. No one believed in him
or followed him. Except his wife.
But he believed in himself. si-
lently. (His face suddenly lights
up) Do you know a strange
thing? Nelson, he was my first
hero from a foreign country.
While ! was boy in primary
school. About 1927. I read a
book, an officer called on someone
this was when Nelson was young
for a task which involved risk
ing his life for others. Nelson
offered himself. / admired him
for this. Yes, my first foreign
hero.
@. And your bOyhOod villains?
A. Villains?
@. The opposite of heroes.
Sometimes they reverse their roles
later. i, fer example, wOrshipped
Marie Antoinette as = boy, and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-14
In Morocco:
Air Bases

At a cost of at least $500 mil
lion, the United States has built,
stated and equipped five major
air bases in Morocco for the use
of the Strategic Air Command.
Yesterday it was disclosed that
the United States has agreed, in
principle, to evacuate those bases
at the insistence of the Kingdom
of Morocco.
But Pentagon hopes are that the
actual withdrawal of the Ameri-
can squadrons from the five bases
will take long time, perhaps an
other five years. The Air Force is
emphatic on the value of the bases
to the American deterrent" policy
by which possible Soviet agrees
sion against Western Europe u
made decidedly risky.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-14
THE NATIONAL SCENE

ALT Landon in 1886 when the rest
of the Nation was crying hungrily
for more New Deal. For the first
time in almost a half century
Maine at the same time sent
Democrats both to the Senate in
Washington and to the State
house in Augusta. Democrats. in
the States last "early-bird' cleo
tons. also won two of three seats
in the United States House and
increased their holdings in the
State Legislature.