davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-01
Supreme Court Decision on
Panama Canal Toll Problem

NEW YORK (UP)- George C..
Charlton, Secretary of the Com
mittee on Panama Canal tolls and
the counsel for the committee, C.
d. Williams said that it might be
up to Congress to straighten out
the tangle produced by the Sup
RENE Courts decision unfolding
the right of the Panama Canal
Company to determine the basis
on which tolls should be comput-
ed.
Twelve us. flag lines started a
legal action in September, 1855
alleging they had been over
charged $27 million tolls since 49,
81 since the Canal Company be-
gan operations under the Reor-
ganization Act.
The decision in favor of the
Canal Company was considered a
setback especially to i~nter-coastal
shipping lines The shipping COM
panies had claimed that the Canal
Company should promulgate a new
toll rate based on Canal operation
only.
Mr.. Williams said: "We are sor-
ny to lose the case Of course. |
have not read the decision in its
entirety and can form no opinion
as to our future course yet"
Mr.. Charlton said the decision
would be circulated among the
twelve shipping companies and
their opinions asked.
Justice William o. Douglas who
read the decision said: "The pre-
sent conflict RACES over questions
that at heart involve problems of
statutory construction and cost ac-
counting; whether an operating
deficit in the auxiliary or support
ing activities is a legitimate cost
in maintaining the Canl for pur-
pose of the toll formula. These
are matters on which the experts
may disagree; they involve nice
issues of judgment and choice
which require the exercise of in
formed discretion"
The decision pointed out that
the Panama Canal Company is not
only the agent Of the President
but "a creature of Congress"
Therefore the company is only
close terms with congressional
committee looking to Congress for
guidance and direction"
Justice Douglas thought that it
was at least arguable that the Con-
gress had sided with the Canal
Company against the Comptroller
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-01
Latin American Finance
and Trade News Reports

General since it had approved the
budgets of the company for 49,
Sc, 1857 and 1858 based on the
company's Interpretation of the
statute. He added:
Although this does not neces-
Sarily mean that the construction
of the act pressed on the court
by the Canal Company is the cor
rect one, it does however, indicate
that the question is so wide open
and at large as to be left at this
stage to agency discretion. The
matter should be far less cloudy,
much more clear for courts to in
trude."
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-01
Know ''' thy

By ANTONIO RUIZ

VENEZUELA - Trujillo, capt.
al of the State of the same name,
was founded by Diego Garcia de
Paroles in 1856. Its original name
was "Nuestra Sonora de la Paz de
Trujillo" (Our Lady of Peace of
Trujillo). The city was also known
for some time under the name of
Trujillo de Medellin. 1t has been
built on different places, the last
of which it has occupied since
1870. Trujillo has a great wealth
in splendid examples of colonial
architecture, outstanding among
which are the church, numerous old
mansions, as well as its typical
steep and narrow streets. The in
habitants are Woodworking, indus
trious people, and in times not
SO far distant, Trujillo was famous
for the richess of its land and its
inhabitants.
In the year 1868, a group OF
pirates under Francisco Gramont
got as far as this city, attracted
by its wealth, although it is at a
considerable distance from the
sea, and sacked it.
Various cultural institutions are
found in Trujillo, outstanding
among them being the 'Ateneo',
which is housed in the same build
ing where Simon Bolivar, the Great
Liberator, on June 4,1813, signed
the historical decree of "War to
the Death"
Not far from Trujillo is the tiny
village of Santa Ana, famous in
Venezuelan history for the meet
ing there between Bolivar and Pa
bio Morillo, the Spanish Pacifier.
A monument commemorative the
historic meeting of the two OPP
posing generals in the War OF In
depencence, has been erected
there.
The old "Iglesia Matriz de Tru-
lilo" is a piece of true colonial
architecture and one of the most
outstanding examples of Spanish
style of construction for churches
in those times. Construction start
ed in 1852, and was completed
with generous financial help from
Bishop Fray Alfonso Briceno. Once
the city was founded and the land
parceled out, work on the church
began, and it was dedicated to St.
James the Apostle and given his
name, which is not used any long
er. At one time it also was called
the Church Of Our Lady OF
Peace"
The pillars of the church were
made of huge cedar trunks rest
ing on the foundations of carved
stone. The church has three naves,
the central one being the widest,
with the high altar at the end,
formerly of richly carved and gid
ed wood.
The tower, which many believe
to be the original colonial con-
struction, was, nevertheless, built
only at the end of the 10th CEN
fury. The patina of age it shows
today is the result of civil wars,
when the church and tower were
used as fortresses by one side or
another. From the nearby Alamo
da Rivas, on a hill adjoining the
church, the inhabitants of the ci-
ty, when out for walks, can obtain
a fine view of the landscape and
city below.
Trujillo is one of the three An
dean states, which r considered
among the most progressive, and
its inhabitants among the most
Woodworking in all Venezuela.
Spanish Version Page
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-01
TOURIST
REQUESTED IN MEXICO

MEXICO CITY, (UP). - The
Federal Government has commits
stoned the National University to
compile a complete tourism inven-
tory, Tourism Director Francisco
Villagran announced.
The data will include informa-
ton on tourist attractions, popu-
lation centers, roads and other
transportation media. The study
will be financed from a fund for
the guaranty and development of
tourism which currently contains
$4,000. 900.
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-01
LATIN MUST
INCREASE INDUSTRIES

WASHINGTON, OUP). - A Re.
preventative of Mexican business
said today that Latin America
must increase its industrialization
to be able to care for its expected
population growth.
Juan o. Monasterio, chairman of
the Mexican C0ordinating Com
mittee Of international activities,
spoke at the international Rela.
tons Luncheon which was held at
the opening Of the annual meet
ing of the Chamber of Commerce
of the United States. He extended
greetings to the United States
chamber from the major private
business organizations of Mexico.
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-01
PERUVIAN STRIKE
OF BANK EMPLOYEES
DECLARED ILLEGAL

LIMA, (UP). - The govern
ment declared illegal the bank en-
ployes strike, which has been in
force for thirteen days.
At the same time, the Labor Mi
nistry said that if the strike is
prolonged, the government will re-
quest from the Supreme Court the
dissolution of the Bank Employees
Federation.
This represents eight thousand
bank employees in all the country,
who should have returned to their
work according to a resolution is
sued by the Labor directory. That
resolution stated a ITO increase
on the first thousand soles and
TO on the next five hundred. The
bank employees who went on strike
demanding higher salaries, refus-
ed to accept the Labor resolution.
The banks opened and the public
was served by their high officials.
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-01
MEXICO SELLING
NEW BOND ISSUE

MEXICO CITY, (UP). = Ma
tional Savings bonds worth 200,
100000 pesos will 60 on sale Fri
day. They are being issued to
bring in funds for an expansion
program of Mexico's nationalized
petroleum industry.
This will be the first time that
natinal savings bonds have been
sold for the benefit Of any speci.
fic industry.
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-01

The company has bought five
more ships which will be obtained
during this year.
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-01
HEMISPHERE EVENTS
Latin America n News in Brief

nicians has been sent to the Tepal-
catepec ares to check on reports
that oil is flowing from a crevice
about "a feet deep.
Antonio ]. Bermudez, Director
of Mexico's nationalized petroleum
industry (PEMEX), said the pc
troleum gushing from such a shall.
low depth is almost unheard of,
but he decided to investigate the
report.
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-01
PRESIDENT RECEIVES


GUATEMALA - Aframed pho
tostatic copy of a letter writtn and
signed by Christopher Columbus
and addressed to the King and
Queen of Spain telling of the dis
covery of America, was presented
by the Ambassador of Spain, DR..
Mariana Vidal Tolosana to Presi-
dent Ydigoras Fuentes. The docu.
ment will be placed in the Ma
tional Library.
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-01
OIL w FROM A
CREVICE IN MEXICO

MEXICO CITY (UP)-A group
Of petroleum biologists and tech
Diario las Américas., 1958-05-01
PERU GETS JETS

LIMA, Peru (UP)- The air
force announced that it has re-
ceived eight Lockheed ESQ jet
figher planes from the United
States under the mutual security
pact between the two countries.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-24
House

S 1914. Labor Management Re-
porting and Disclosure Act Of
1858, Mccormack. Democrat Of
Massachusetts,. motion to suspend
the rules and pass the bill "a
procedure requiring a two-thirds
majority vote. Rejected f90-198.
FOR: Landlord Demoernt Of Maryland.
AGAINST; BroyhlIl Repusliean Of Viz
Smith. Democrat Of virainia and HYDE.
Republican Of MARYLAND.
S 1888 Area Redevelopment
Act. of 1858. authorizing Federal
grants and loans of S279.5 million
yearly for the redevelopment Of
chemically depressed labor sur
plus areas. Hiestand, Republican
Of California, motion to recommit
the bill to the House Banking and
Currency Committee. Rejected
l70-l88.
FOR: Broyhill. Harrison and Smith.
AGAINST: Lankfcrd and HYDE.
S 4035. Housing Act Of 1865.
Passage Of the bill under suspen-
sion Of the rules (two-thirds)
majority required. Rejected ISL
1874.
F0R: BroyhiIl. Lankford ana HYDE.
AGAINST. Harrison and Smith.
By consressional ouaSteriyD
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-24

formation Agency last week an
nounced a $40 million improve
ment project, the first part of q
program expected to cost $27 mil
lion over the next three years.
New and powerful transmitters
in the United States and in the
Middle East will be strong enough.
the Agency said, to broadcast
direct to the Soviet Union even
through Russian tanning" With
present equipment, broadcasts
must be relayed to areas behind
the Iron Cur tain.
When the new and stronger
Voice" begins broadcasting, USIA
officials will be monitoring the
programs carefully to see If the
Soviet tanning" is also in
creased in intensity. A step-up in
the Russian interference effort
would require immense expendi-
lures for new equipment, Voice
engineers said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-24
Integrotion::
Trouble Ahead

Southern opposition to integra-
ton of the races in public schools,
fermenting quietly during the
summer, began bubbling over last
week as the time for return to
classes neared.
The symbol of resistance for
Southerners is Little Rock, Ark,
where sentiment against integra-
ton last year broke out in violence
and mobs yielded only to Federal
troops armed with bayonet-tipped
rifles.
National attention is again
focused on Little Rock. In June,
Federal District Judge Harry j.
Lemley ruled that racial integra-
ton at Little Rocks Central High
School be delayed two and half
years. This meant that seven
Negro students already enrolled at
Central would be banned in Sep
TENDER.
The decision staying indignation
in Little Rock was reversed last
Monday by a United States Court
of Appeals in st. Louis, which
said in it's opinion that Ito hold
otherwise would result in access
sion to the demands of insurrec-
tioniSts or rioters"
Arkansas Gov. Orval E. Faubus,
who recently was reelected on a
platform of continued resistance
to indignation, Immediately began
to make plans for a special session
of the Legislature and enactment
of -integration legislation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-24

about the $544S9 John F. Linehan
owes the Government for a 1914
boat ride from Australia to the
United States.
News stories pointed out that
Mr.. Linehan, though a civilian,
fought valiantly against the Japa-
nese in the Philippines during
World War II. Wracked with dis
ease after three years of jungle
fighting. he was evacuated to Aus
tralia and later returned to the
United States on a troop ship. The
Government has been trying to
collect the fare ever since.
Squirming under Nationwide
publicity, the Justice Department
Friday announced it would not
press the action against Mr.. Line
ham, now 81 and living quietly in
California. Justice recommended
reconsideration by the General
Accounting Office in the light of
unusual circumstances"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-24

ternational agreement to halt test
ing, the scientists declared. The
system would not be absolutely
foolproof, but would offer "a high
degree" of assurance that even a
small nuclear explosion would be
detected.
The scientists at Geneva did not
concern themselves with political
questions, but the terms of the
agreement imply that the Soviet
Union would allow monitoring
stations to be located on Soviet
territory, a significant departure
from the previous Russian posi-
ton.
The United States and Britain
moved swiftly to take full ad-
vantage of the opportunity af-
forded by the Geneva agreement.
President Eisenhower on Friday,
the day following the formal sign
ing at Geneva. proposed a condi-
t1onal suspension of nuclear test
ing, effective October 81. Britain,
in a separate announcement, Of
fered the same plan. France, al
though appriSed in advance of
the suspension proposals. did not
join in them. (See story by Fred
Theroux on page AIS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-24
More Talk of Summit

Mr.. Hammarskjold expects to
be in the Middle East within
two weeks to begin his complex
task. This trip-his ninth in
little more than two years-will
perhaps be easier than some of
his earlier missions, chiefly be-
cause of the evidence of Arab
cooperation already apparent.
But all the Secretary Generals
well-known skill as a compromise
architect will be called upon to
bring about a settlement, plus
a basis for an economic program
for the area.
Already, as an optimistic fore
cast based on the smooth action
in the General Assembly, there
is renewed talk of steps toward
a summit conference between the
Soviet Union and the West. Such
a meeting now, diplomatic sources
suggest. would be far more likely
to succeed than a conference
called in the heat of a major
crisis. such as would have been
the case if the ads-of-state met,
as first planned. right after the
Syrian revolt and the American
British Intervention.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-24
Conditions of Suspension

Conditions attached by Mr.. Eli
senhower in his announcement
and in a formal note delivered
to the Soviet Foreign Ministry
were % that the Soviet con-
tinue its cessation of nuclear
testing placed In effect last March
81; 90 that the test suspension
be for one-year period, to be
renewable annually provided that
the agreed inspection system is in
stalled and working effectively:
90 that satisfactory progress is
being made in reaching agreement
on and implementing major and
substantial arms control measures
such as the United States has
long sought"
Negotiations between the United
States, Britain, and the Soviet
Union should begin on October 81,
the President proposed. This date
was selected apparently in order
to permit completion of the nuclear
test series now being conducted
by the United States in the
Pacific. and for Britain to carry
out a series begun Friday at the
Christmas Island test site. Thus
the Presidents proposals will not
at all interfere with the present
test schedule, since current tests
will continue and new tests would
not be held for year in any
event.
The careful wording of the
American and British offers indi-
Gated that the West intends to tie
a nuclear testing suspension TO
a Soviet reduction Of conventional
(non-nuclear) ornaments.
World reaction to the weeks
Developments on nuclear tests was
generally favorable. with the ex-
ception Of France, repeatedly near
ly ready to Join the atomic club"
with tests of her own.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-24
The Foreign Scene

settlement of the dangerous Mid
die East situation led to much
speculation as to what brought
1t about so readily. Among the
delegates talking informally in the
lounge (where most of the i'm
portant business of the U. N. is
transacted) these observations
were prominent:
Q That neither the Communist
bloc nor the West wanted a show
down over the Middle East at this
time;
Q That the United Arab Repub-
lie, plainly holding great advan-
tage in the Middle East now, was
unwilling to press for further
gains if this would place more
strains on relations with the West,
and is confident that all the
trends in the Arab lands are in
the UAR's favor;
. That both Lebanon and Jor-
udll lIdNC 0oO0l OLIVES blldJ bIlCll
present regimes are safe from
overt interference, at least for
the time being, if they adopt
conciliatory policies toward Cairo;
. That both the United States
and Britain are glad of the chance,
afforded by an Arab resolution
adopted by the U NJ, to get their
forces out of the Middle East
without embarrassment. In this
view, it was being said, the origi-
nal intervention was spanked by
a mistaken appraisal of the inten-
lions OF the revolutionists in Iraq
who overthrow the monarchy last
July IA. Those intentions appear
now to be moderate, and both the
United States and Britain have
recognized the new regime.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-24
MODERN DESIGN
Science and Beauty to Blend at Chantilly

ing with improved silencers on the
tail pipes.
True, Chantilly viii have two
runways 10000 feet long and at
least 400 feet wide, which, with
approaches can be boosted to
$4,000.
It viii have. eventually, two
east-west runways, scheduled for
5000 feet with 10,o00-foot ca
pability. This, needless to say, is
a lot Of concrete - only paving
surface which has successfully
withstood intense heat Of Jet
exhausts.
Border Of Greener
But there will be a 1,000-foot-
wide border Of greenery, grass,
shrubs and quite possibly trees.
on every side of Chantilly. More
verdure is planned. In other words,
it won't be 5000 acres of concrete.
Precisely what tree and what
bush are destined for the bull
dozer hasn't been determined as
yet. Certain to go will be the
timber and foliage on the already
determined runway sites for the
great north-south strips. Exact
location Of the east-west runway
is not so firm, but win be In
matter of days.
The first saw and bulldozer will
be whacking away at some more
Of the $50 million which Congress
has authorized.
Before the last building and
hangar has been built-some Is
years hence when Chantilly is
expected to be the worlds finest
airport-the cost is expected to
reach 500 million.
Have no doubt that q certain
amount Of airport beauty can't be
purchased for that kind of money.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-24
Senate

Confirmation of w. Wilson
White to be Assistant Attorney
General for Civil Rights. Con-
flrmed $500.
FOR: Beall and Butler. Republicans OF
AGAINST: Robertson. Democrat Of vir-
ginia.
NOT VOTING: Byrd, Democrat Of virginia
HR 6789. Minor Court bill.
Hennings, Democrat Of Missouri,
motion to table Jenner, Republic
can of Indiana, amendment add
ing text of the Jenner-Butler bill
Is 2646) to limit the appellate
Jurisdiction Of the Supreme Court.
Agreed to 49-41.
FOR: Byrd and Robertson.
AGAINST; Besll and Butler.
S 654. Clarification Of the in
tent of Congress with respect to
State legislation concerning sedi-
ton. Carroll, Democrat of Colo
RADIO, motion to recommit the bill
to the Senate judiciary Commit
tee. Adopted 41-40.
FOR; Bean and Butler.
AGAINST: Byrd and Robertson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-24
Legal Aid Offered
Where It's Needed Most

became the object of retributive
Justice and appeared before Mr..
Fisher for legal advice. The man,
an employe of a store whose
"eaSy-credit" policy often results
in uneasy debt for gullible Gus
toners, had himself become en-
meshed in the mo money down"
lure.
AS a result he became deeply in
debt to a rival establishment
whose credit manager was at
tempting to attach his wages.
"Can they do that to me?" the
victim demanded of Mr.. Fisher.
I'm a credit man myself"
He left Indignantly when Mr..
Fisher informed him that he was
subject to the same punishment
laws as anyone else.
The local Legal Aid Bureau,
which shares in the United Civ
ers Fund, was organized in 1882
with a number Of lawyers as prime
movers.
Lowers Give Services
Excluding the director who is
paid, the bureau maintains
staff Of 16 attorneys who serve
part time at a fee of $25 monthly
each. An additional IA lawyers
lend their services free of charge.
Last fiscal year the Bureau han
died 6.232 cases, of which 2.914
were domestic affairs including
adoptions, and 1.745 concerned
financial matters such as garnish-
ments, pensions and workmen's
compensation cases. The re-
mainder included property cases
and miscellaneous matters.
Mr.. Fisher considers his aid bu-
reau job particularly rewarding. 1t
has humor. psthos and even a bit
of philosophy every now and then.
There was, for example, the
client" who was asked why her
husband couldn't help with her
bills. Said she:
I'VE are partners. I make the
living and he makes the living
worthwhile"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-24

Continued From Page A-23
troops would in fact be withdrawn
expeditiously. Actual withdrawal
is expected late next month, after
Gen. Fouad Chehab has been in
stalled as President Of Lebanon to
succeed Camille Glamour.
The Sudan's Foreign Minister,
Mohammed Ahmed Mahgoub, who
introduced the Arab resolution,
told the Assembly its approval
could mean "the beginning of
glorious future Of mutual under
standing and tolerance" among
the Arab nations. Mr.. Dulles was
more cautious; he said he looked
for deeds rather than words to
solve the Middle East's problems.
Mr.. Gromyko gave notice that
the Soviet Union would expect
prompt withdrawal of troops, and
warned that Russia would raise
the issue again at the regular
session of the General Assembly,
meeting in id-September, If
there is any delay.
The speedy passage of the res
olution by unanimous vote of
the 80 delegations present (the
Dominican Republic has been
stunning meetings, repeatedly as
a protest against the United
States Army's refusal to grant a
diploma at the Command and
General Staff School to Gen.
Rafael Trujillo, young son of the
Dominican DICTATOR brought the
emergency Assembly session, sum-
moned on August 7. to a quick
adjournment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-24

indignation order carried out.
At his press conference Wednes-
day the President said every
American has a solemn duty" to
comply with the Supreme Courts
indignation order and he implied
he would again use Federal troops
in Little Rock to carry out inte-
grafton.
In his reply, Gov. Faubus said,
"The people of Arkansas and other
States have voted overwhelmingly
against forcible indignation" He
added that millions of Americans
hold a deep and sincere conviction
that the original Supreme Court
decision is illegal and violates the
principles of democracy :"
Gov. Faubus also used the
occasion to deride the Presidents
popularity.
e.. compliance" he said, can
not be obtained by invoking the
sacred name of the Constitution.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-08-24
Atom Tests:
Proposals

At Geneva last week scientists
Of eight nations. after closed-door
meetings over the past seven
weeks. agreed that a worldwide
ban on testing Of nuclear weap-
ons could be adequately en-
forced.
A detection network Of $50 sta
tons. strategically placed on ma
ior land masses and the oceans.
could effectively monitor any In