davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03

All over the free world
particularly in the English
speaking countries - the
'Sputnik" episode has in
duced a REORGANIZATION OF
the trends in education. Sci
ence Is all the rage now. with
o tendency 10 put more EN-
phasis than ever before on
specialization. This can go
too far.
Listening q few days ago
to q short-wave broadcast
from Australia. this writer
was impressed with the fact
that many phases Of the
educational problem in that
country are similar to those
in the United States today.
Norman Harper. associate
professor Of history at the
University of Melbourne. was
discussing q study Just issued
by q special committee APP
pointed by the Australian
government 10 look into the
general problem Of university
development. Through the
courtesy Of the Australian
Broadcasting Comm isston.
the full text of the speech
was received by airmail. Prof.
Harper said in part:
The Murray report tof
the special committee APP
pointed by the Australian
governmentl was being writ
ten while the first Russian
satellite was circling the
earth. Yet while it pointed
to the need for the training
Of more scientists because of
their great scarcity. 1t also
pointed out that Australia
needs more trained people Of
all kinds. :.
"On many occasions in
the past. society has been
threatened by mass move
ments aimed at strengthen
ing the state and disregard
ing man himself. Totalitart-
anisrn has always been the
enemy Of freedom and indi-
vidualism. This was the
great curse Of Italian fas-
cism and Of German naziism.
The recent criticisms Of
Stain in Russia have made
1t clear that communism Is
as totalitarian as either fas-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
Presidents News Conferences

publicans who selected Mr..
Eisenhower to break such
threads. The news accounts
are calculated leaks from
sober-minded men who feel
a responsibility toward the
public. Mr.. Hagerty Is try
ing TO smother those leaks.
But his careful choice Of
words Is revealing almost as
much as It conceals.
The extent to which DR..
James r. Killian. the Pres
ident's scientific adviser, Is
being kept under wraps Is
also becoming noticeable.
Weeks ago DR.. Killian ac-
cepted an invitation to make
q major address at the an
nual congressional dinner Of
the Women's National Press
Club. He agreed that the oc-
casion would offer an excel
lent sounding board since
leaders Of Congress viii join
reporters in his audience.
Now. however. 1t has become
o matter for conferences with
the Presidents staff over
whether he can do more than
discuss generalities In the
manner OF the Presidents
"chins up" speeches.
II Is. In fact. beginning to
appear entirely possible that
the sense Of urgency so APP
parent in the early winter
after Sputniks I and II en-
tered into space can be
successfully muted after all.
Certainly the tendency Is
that way.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
Lopse Of Two Months Seen C0vsing
Tendency to Smother information

week In peacetime. one week
" in wartime. Harry Thu
man fixed on once q week and
rarely skipped that. The
cabinets Of these last three
Presidents reflect. IS Is nat
ural. the pattern in news
dissemination set at the top.
Nevertheless. however In
frequent. the presidential
press conference is uniquely
valuable. Its absence Is re-
fiected in ways that are very
nearly as important as the
loss Of objective access to
the President. himself.
When the President Is not
speaking for himself and his
administration about major
developments in the Govern
,ment, the whole tendency Of
the people about him Is to
smother the news. II becomes
easy for the Lilliputians Of
the White House to bind
down other administration
leaders with their threads
marked personal loyalty" or
teamwork" or don't rock
the boat"
Examples Of how this works
out are appearing on every
hand.
The spate Of stories about
the grim warnings in the
Gather report represents an
effort by internationalist Re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
THOMAS L. STOKES
Government Press Relations

and the Hennings committee
Of the Senate, which found
in q wide area all sorts Of
inhibitions imposed on in
formation TO which the public
is entitled.
AS the two committees pur-
sued their inquiry they had
cited to them repeatedly Q
section Of an ancient enact
ment Of 1889 Of the United
States Code. 1t was. as SEN
ator Hennings describes.
merely a housekeeping stat
ute giving the department
head authority to prescribe
regulations, not inconsistent
with law. for the government
Of his department. the con-
duct Of its officers and clerks,
the distribution and per-
Torrance Of Its business, and
the custody. use and preser-
vation Of the records. papers
and property appertaining TO
IT,"
The Moss and Hennings
bills meet this situation by
adding this sentence: This
section does not authorize
withholding information from
the public or limiting the
availability Of records to the
public"
The awareness Of the pub
lie TO the progressive infor-
nation blackout is currently
reflected by increasing letters
TO editors expressing resent
ment toward q press secre-
tary's speaking for the Chief
Executive and toward a gen.
eral lack Of information as
TO what is going on in WASH
inQton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03

There has been an almost
imperceptible change in our
Government press relations.
and It is time for US to take
account Of 1t.
Since the President himself
sets the standard. we can
start with him. and . new
year offers occasion for a
review.
As q matter Of record.
President Eisenhower has not
held q news conference since
October 80. There have been
reasons such as his mild
stroke Of November. which,
however. did not interrupt
his routine. except briefly,
and the NATO conference in
Paris only two weeks after
his illness. His regimen has
been restricted to some ex-
tent and he spends more
time in Gettysburg.
But many momeptous and
portentous events have hap
pened during which there
has been a blackout In re-
gard to direct contact be-
tween the President and the
press. We did get q brief
report Of Sputnik at one
presidential press conference.
but In the gap since there
has been a second earth sat-
elite. the Vanguard failure
and the NATO sessions.
As a matter Of fact. Presl-
dent Eisenhower has ex-
banded the role Of press Sec
rotary beyond what II has
been and should be. This
stems from the emergency at
the time OF MS heart attack
In Denver in 1855. and this
was further intensified by
his ileitis attack. Jim Hag-
erty, indeed, was q Pooh Bah
Of a high order. In previous
administrations IL had not
been the function Of the press
secretary TO speak In areas Of
high policy.
The unavailability Of the
President for direct question:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
Our Give-Awoy Foreign Policy

When inquiries are made as
TO when this portion Of for
eign aid may start moving.
the answer is: ITS in cham
nels."
Those with long memories
will EN- e m Der the same
'in channels" remark by mi
nor but important bureau
Gratis in 1947 after Congress
had appropriated $500 mil
lion for Chinas armies and
President Truman signed the
bill. It was kept In "chan-
nels" for such a long time
that when it started moving
the ships which carried some
of the equipment had to be
rerouted TO Formosa. Chang
Kai-shek and his armies had
lost the battle to the Com
munists.
We are prepared to provide
our allies. who definitely are
unwilling to fight against the
Russians, with everything in
our arsenal from the latest
types Of conventional weap-
ons TO atom heads and guid-
ed missiles. But for the time
being a trickle Of only rela-
lively modern weapons has
been sent TO our sitting ducks
the LIST Cavalry and It'll
Infantry DivisionS-in Korea
and almost nothing to the
81 ROK divisions which are
guarding the Far Eastern
positions against the Chinese
and North Korean Commu-
nists.
We are being advised
through diplomatic channels
not to rock the boat of peace
and coexistence. That is TO
say. TO refrain from giving
the Communists the impress
sion Of aggressiveness. This.
It is assumed in diplomatic
quarters. is the reason for the
slow-motion assistance to
allies at the borders of the
Communist lands whom the
Soviet Union regards as un-
alterably opposed to appease-
ment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
DORIS FLEESON

II Is now two months since
Q presidential press confer
ence has taken place and re-
porters are beginning TO ask
themselves whether that In
stitution viii be allowed TO
regain its usefulness during
the critical months ahead.
The news vacuum thus
created has not been filed
by the transformation Of
White House Press Secre-
tary James c. Hagerty from
q conduit for news TO q
source Of news. Reporters
accept the situation because
they must take what they
can get. They know that Mr..
Hagerty Is not and cannot be
q real authority on defense
and other matters about
which he now creates news.
Though President Eisen-
hover. despite misgivings
about his inexpeFienee. cas-
lily mastered the press con-
ference. he never utilized its
possibilities to the same de-
gree as his immediate prede-
cessors did. His last session
with reporters on October 80
last was his 124th. This rep
resents an average Of a little
less than one every two.
weeks.
Franklin Roosevelt h eld
press conferences twice Q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
Reticenee Of Many Officials to Reveal
Information Is Defeating Public Riqht

ing has likewise spread
throughout the Government.
Prior to the Second World
War, and even into it for a
time. every cabinet officer
held one or two press con-
ferences weekly. This had
been true during the twelve
years Of Republican admins
trations In the l920s. Gov
eminent then moved at a
more casual pace. 1t is true.
During the war, when there
was less attention to the reg
ular departments. the press
conferences began to be
abandoned and the newspa-
pers got out Of the habit Of
insisting on them. We have a
new generation Of reporters
to whom the system Of very
little contact with the Presi-
dent and his cabinet officers
Is the usual. normal and
accepted order Of things.
Three Of the present cabi-
net have a better record than
their associates in holding
conferences. Secretary Dulles
holds them regularly. but Mr..
Hull held them daily during
his twelve years as Secretary
Of State. Recently appointed
Attorney General William
Rogers is setting up press
conferences as against the
practice Of his precedessor.
Herbert Brownell. who held
them almost never. Secretary
Of Labor Mitchell called them
occasionally. but now with
the economic recession, rising
cost Of living and increasing
unemployment. he holds them
with more frequency.
The tendency OF top adj
ministration officials TO see
less Of the press has trickled
down, In It's influence, to
officials below. not only in
their departments, but In
special independent agencies
that have become so vital to
Government today. This was
graphically revealed by the
Moss committee Of the louise
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Conception Of Any Other Program
Seen Difficult for Political Leaders

When President Eisen-
hover and Secretary Of State
Dulles went TO the NATO
summit meeting In Paris last
month they felt certain that
the offer TO supply our allies
with heretofore top secret
know-how and our latest
weapons would be received
with thunderous applause.
They were taken aback
when none but the Turks,
and to a limited extent the
British and Dutch, showed
any interest In our offer.
Hence, 1t Is regarded by our
diplomats as a welcome New
Years present that the
French are now willing to
accept the plans for con-
struction Of atomic subma-
rines and the required fuel.
The French news Is inter-
preted as an indication that.
after all. the North Atlantic
alliance may survive In its
initial concept as a military
cooperative defense system.
1t appears difilcult for our
political leaders Of both
parties to conceive any other
policy than give" because we
have been accustomed to ID
for the last 10 years since we
camoufiaged the then neces-
sary "give-away diplomacy"
in a lend-lease agreement
with Britain. Ever since. we
have been giving without
much regard TO whether
friend or foe Is on the re-
ceiving end.
In some respects. our for
eign economic and military
assistance programs can be
likened TO efforts to catch a
bird by putting salt on its
tail. We are spending billions
on countries such as Yugo-
slavia. Poland. India and
other so-called uncommitted
areas in the vague hope that
we can thus draw them TO our
side or at least gain their
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03

good will. At the same time.
in order TO meet some Of the
demands Of the American
economy we are treating
tried allies as poor relatives.
The Yugoslav government
announced last month that
II did not want any further
military aid and it showed
indifference to onomic
assistance. Our diplomats
are now trying to save at
least the latter for Tito. In
a recent conversation in Bel
grade. highly placed Yugo-
slay official was asked by a
foreign dignitary why Yugo-
slavia refused to accept
something for nothing" The
reply was: I'VE don't need
American military equipment
because IL Is Of inferior
quality. As for economic aid,
we really did not refuse 1t.
All we want TO do is TO make
the Americans beg US TO
accept it. You see. they I'M
derstand only tough Ian
guage. And we are doing
exactly that"
We have punctually de-
livered everything TO Yugo-
slavia provided in the mill
tary-economic agreement as
we have cleared without de-
lay the 500 million in eco
nomic assistant to the Polish
government Of Gomulka. But,
at the same time. we are sad
ly behind in our assistance
10 such tried friends as the
Turks. President Eisenhower
signed the foreign aid bill
last July. It provided among
other things a relatively small
amount Of economic and
military aid to the hard
pressed Turks. Six months
have elapsed since the bill
was signed. Yet not a cent Of
appropriated money has been
cleared by the middle eche-
Ions of our bureaucracy,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
Guard Against OverspeeioIizotion
Uroed to Avoid TotoIitorionism

cism or naziism. that II pro-
duces the same results that
Hitlerism did in Germany.
In all these states there has
developed q love Of power
and q ruthless determine
ton to push to one side any
thing which stands In the
way Of getting power.
"The love Of efficiency.
and Of power. has come cas-
lily to the scientist who Is
unframed in the social
sciences and who knows lit
tie of how men behave. In
telligent men often fail to
apply the same critical analy-
sis to society as they do to
chemistry or medicine. and
so are often easily influenced
by totalitarian ideas.
Because of this danger,
the Murray committee has
pointed to the need to es-
tablish in Victoria a new
and full university and not
merely an institution for
training more scientific spe-
cialists. Il Is essential, Of
course, to stimulate an inter-
est in science in the schools
and the universities. In this
way It Is possible to keep
abreast Of world discoveries
in science. But 1t Is just as
necessary to stimulate the
study Of the humanities."
The Australian Prime Min
lister, Mr.. Menzies, In discuss
ing the Murray report. said:
Civilization In the true
sense requires q close and
growing attention. not only
to science in all Its branches,
but also to those studies OF
the mind and spirit Of man.
OF history and literature and
mental and moral philosophy.
Of human relations In society
and industry, Of international
understanding. Let US have
more scientists and more
humanists. Let the scientists
be touched and informed by
the humanities. Let the
humanists be touched and
informed by science 50 that
they may not be lost In abb
stractions derived from OUT
dated knowledge"
BY Q curious coincidence,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Economic feelings about 1858 mixed. Republicans
afraid business viii get Democrats afraid
IL won't. faa
Ike returns from his farm Washington for "a hours
Even gentleman farmer has to to town week
TO cash his check.
Senator Russell says the first Of Congress viii
be missiles. Congressmen happy. Every call
himself expert in debatewithou fear that anybody
enough to contradict MIN.
Congress viii launch investigations the first week
officials will have drop everything and rush
TO Capitol Hill TO explain why they stopped work.
Ford and Chevrolet who sold the most
cars year. That's easy The wives Of the guys who
bought them.
We've got q durable economy. About the only thing
that wreck 1t Is about war-or About peace.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03
Soueer Group 70 Meet

Washington Saucer Intelli-
gence will hold It's FIRST meet
ing Of the year at 9 pan. To-
morrow in the All States Hotel.
514 9sineteenth street NV. The
1853 program will be discussed
along witch some interesting
sighting aerorss."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-01-03

You cannot buy this fine cloth.
ing anywhere else in Washington
even at regular prices! All
sale merchandise is from our
current stocks--no special pur.
chascs, no out.of.datc clothes.
Although our entire stock IL
not included, a truly compre.
hensive selection is offered.
Shop early--take your pick.
You're sure TO leave with some
al che best clothing buys in
Wsshingtou historyl
Diario las Américas., 1958-10-10
Su Sonfidad Pho XII
EMBAJAD0R De CHILE
AGRADEcE EDITORIAL

Con motive de I'm reciente
editorial publicado en- DIARIO
LAS AMERICAS, ell Embajador
de Chile en- Washington, Hon.
jose Serrano, dirigio una aten-
ia y bondadosa carta a nuestro
director, DR.. Horacio Aguirre,
que dice:
Estimado Senior Director:
Tengo ell agrado de dirigirme
al Senior Director para agrade-
cerlc, muy s~inceramente, en-
nombre de los chilenos residen-
ties eli este pals y en- ell milo
propio, los cordiales terminus
con que ell Diaro Las Americas,
ell SUI editorial del dia de aver,
rndio homemade a Chile, cor
motive del aniversario de su in
6ependencia.
Ese editorial refleja, una vez
mas. ell gran interes con que ell
dlario de SUI digna direction Sc
ocupa de los acontecimientos
chilenos, ash como de TODD nues.
tro Continente al que sirve en-
forma elevada y aficaz.
(Pasa a la Pag. 81
Diario las Américas., 1958-10-10

faprica a%Zucareras cuyas ocupa-
clones habituales en- la cargo o
manipulation de azucar en- sa-
cos desaparecio a partir del ano
natural 1854 como consecuencia
del establecimiento del sistema
de embarques de azucar al gra-
mel.
LIE Ley cubre a los trabajado-
res de muelles de los puerots de
San Juan, Fajardo, Humacao,
Arroyo, Aguirre (Jobos), Qua
vanilla, Guanica y Mayagiiez.
Igualmente estan cubiertos los
trabaiadores de fabricas azuca-
reras donde Sc modernizaron
las operaciones de ensaque, CO.
sid0, rotulado. ,pesado, almace-
maze y otros processes relaciona-
dos con los embarques de az1car
en- sacOs
Los trabajadores del puerto
de Guanica, Aguirre (Jobos) y
Arroyo seran elegibles para di-
chos pagos compensatorios 81
trabaiaron en- esos puestos en-
Ell ano 1854 por un periodic
no menor de u horas; los de
Guayanilla 81 trabajaron en- Ell
1855 por igual numero de no.
ras, loo de Humacao y Fajardo
por ell mismo numero de horas
en- Ell 1855 y los de San Juan y
Mayagiiez 81 trabajaron TN mini
mo de los horas en- ell afo 1855.
(Continta q II PAsina 81
Diario las Américas., 1958-10-10
de Estudo
Fracuso en- lruk
Dice Cobierno

BEIRUT, Oct. 9 CUPID ADD
del Kerim Kassem Primer Minis
tro de Irak, sofoco un golpe de
estado la semana pasada Sc
gun aseguran informes diplo-
maticos llegados aqui = arres-
tando al hombre que fue SUI pri-
mer ayudante, Mohamed Salam
Aref y a otros 3 oficiales mas,
que Sc proponfan hacer que Ell
Irak ingresara en- la Republica
Arabe Unida.
Los mismos informes dicen
que Aref habia decidido que ell
golpe Sc ejecutara ell lunes por
la maiana, antes del amanecer.
S proponia colocar a Rashif Ali
Kilani en- ell lugar de Kerim. Ra-
shid Ali fue la primera figura
del Irak - despues del Monar-
ca = durante la segunda que
ira mundial.
Los informes anaden que
Aref, Rashid Ali, un hermano de
Aref que tiene ell grade de Bri-
gadier General y unos 30 oficia-
les mas, fueron detenidos al en-
terarse Kassem, por boca de off
ciales leales que Aref iba a dar
ell golpe.
Los oficiales dijeron a Kerim
que solo tenia unas horas para
actuar. Aref = que habia trail
eionado en- cierto modo sus pla-
ess.s, -(Pasa q Ia pag. 81
Diario las Américas., 1958-10-10
Eneontr6 FL Santo Padre en- Ia Muerte Ia
Paz Que en- Vida Bust6 Y Dese6 al Mundo
C0ddver Serd
TrdsIddodo al
V0ficono Hoy
Ell SUMO PONTIFICE FUE ENEMICo.
IMPLACABLE De LOS COMUNISTAs

CASTEL GANDOLFo, Italia, octubre 9.-(UPD-ET
Papa Pho XII murio en- las primeras horas de hoy en- SUI resi-
dencia de Castel Gandolfo, halando en- la muerte IA pz que
busco en- ell mundo durante los 10 amos y sete meses de su
reinado. Tenia 80 amos.
Ell Papa de la Paz', enemigo impIacable del comunismo,
no recobr6 ell sentido deSpues del segundo ataque cerebral
que sufrio aver pr la manana. Falleci6 a las 3.52 de la ma.
mana (hora locaD con un curciijo sobre ell pecho y I'm rosario
en- sus fragiles manos. @
Ell tanido de las campanas de la Basnica de San Pedro,
en- Ia oscuridad que precede al amanecer. senal6 Ell comienzo
de los nueve das de duelo por la muerte del Papa Pho XII.
Cuando la notcia de la muerte del Santo Padre corri6
por TODD ell mundo, las campanas de la Basilica de San Pedro
la Iglesia de San Juan de Letran comenzaron a taner a muer.
to, por ell ocupante del trono de San Pedro. Y Ell violeta in
vadio Ell estado papal.
Los altares de las iglesias y todos los cardenales presen-
ts en- la ciudad eterna, Sc vsheron de violeta imbolizando
Ell dolor de la iglesia, por la desperation de uno de sus mas
grandes Papas
Ell primer da de duelo senala Ell principle de una serie de
solemnes ceremonies. (Pasa a Ia Pag. 81