davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-18
Congress and the Stors
Now that CONGRESS- has unanin

Now that Congress has unanimously
approved the necessary legislation, our
country soon will have in operation the
kind Of organization it needs to carry
out, on high-priority basis, what Presi-
dent Eisenhower has described as IAN
imaginative and well-conceived space
program"
This program will have the following
detectives, among others: ~ Increasing
human knowledge of the phenomena in
the heavens above us; (2) improving
the safety, desisa and efficiency of air.
craft: (S) developing vehicles, manned
as well as unnamed, for spatial explo-
ration aimed at promoting the peace
full, scientific progress Of mankind; az
maintaining our ,country's role as a
leader In all such ventures; and (5) CO.
operating with other nations engaged in
the same sort of activities.
As set forth in the new legislation,
which contains the substance of Mr.. Eli
Senhower's recommendations, the Fed
eral body in charge Of all this win be
called the National Aeronautics and
Space Agency. 1t will absorb the exist
ing National Advisory Committee for
Aeronautics, and it will continue-and
greatly expand upon-the committees
current projects. It win do so under a
single administrator, who Is expected to
be DR.. Hugh L. Dryden, the NACAs
present director. Working closely with
it, in addition to q Pentagon liasion
group, will be a nine-man advisory
council, including the President, whose
decision win be final in any civilian
military dispute as regards the direction
and supervision of certain types OF
Spatial undertakings.
Moreover, although the organiza-
tional setup Of the new agency will have
the effect Of establishing firm civilian
control over such undertakings as a
whole, the law specifically provides that
the Defense Department viii be the boss
Of all activities peculiar to or primarily
associated with development of weapons
systems, military operations, or defense
of the United States" As far as some
projects are concerned, this leaves room
for possible controversy between the
Pentagon and the projected NASA, but
the Presidents overriding power as arbi-
ter safeguards against disputes Of kind
that could seriously impede progress.
Everything considered, therefore,
Congress seems to have done an excel
lent Job in legislating to create the new
agency and lay the groundwork for far
reaching activity in this all-important
field. If the agency itself acts with
vision and vigor, our country should be
able to hold Its own in space as a power
second to none.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-18
Sobu and the Law

Clark King, our respected assistant
corporation counsel, is as fast on his
feet as an ocelot. He proved 1t the other
day by deity yielding to the District
Commissioners the problems Of an oce-
lot named Sabu.
Sabu, you'll remember, created quite
a stir when he appeared downtown,
attached to one end Of a leash. Hailed
before Mr.. King, he listened dolefully
to three announcements. First, said Mr..
King Tin ruling we trust never viii be
reversed), Sabu and any Of his ocelot
friends are wild animals. Second, city
permit is needed to keep any wild ami
NAL in public place. And third, wild
animal permits are handled by the
Commissioners.
Even more doleful than Sabu was
his companion and owner, man named
James Coan. Not only is Sabu not wild,
Mr.. Coan said, but ocelots make flne and
harmless pets. And he felt 20 strongly
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-18
A Critical Frontier

The fact that Moscow has ordered
military maneuvers" along the south
ern frontier Of the Soviet Union Is not
surprising. For the frontier In question,
extending from the junction OF Bulgaria
and Turkey on the Black Sea coast to
the point where Iran, Afghanistan and
the USSR come together deep in Asia
Minor. represents roughly the line Of
'containment" which has been drawn
during the past decade as BARRIER TO
Soviet expansion southwark.
Turkey is a member OF the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization; Turkey
and Iran are members OF the Baghdad
pact alliance. Both are historically and
justifably fearful Of Russian aspirations
southwark; both have demonstrated the
courage to face up TO Russian power. In
today's fast-moving events, they are In
danger Of having pro-Soviet power at
their backs-in Syria and Iraq. But
with NATo strength in Turkey currently
being reinforced by arrival of American
troops. Iran and its long land-sea from
tier with the Soviet Union may become
the real testing point IN the current
crisis.
1t is not necessary to 20 back be-
yond World War II to establish the fact
that Iran is the place where Russia and
the West are most likely to come face
to face in the Middle East. It happened
in that war, as indeed 1t had happened
before, and it was not until May, 1916,
nearly year after We day, that Rus
sian occupation troops left the northern
part Of the country. Only the strongest
American pressure in and out of the
United Nations, Iranian economic con-
cessions to the Soviet Union, the ear
lier withdrawal of British forces from
Southern Iran and defeat Of Russian
scheme to set up satellite Azerbai-
Jan Republic brought about the Russian
retreat.
Even In the years since, Iran has
remained a major battle-ground in the
cold war. AT various times, the Com
munist-dominated Tudeh Party, the
Islanic Brotherhood and the National
Front headed by DR.. Mossadegh have
played MoScow's game-deliberately or
otherwise. On-the Western side, Amer
lean policy through both the Truman
and Eisenhower administrations has
been consistent and strong in support
of Iranian resistance to the never-ceas-
ing Soviet presSures. We have extended
both military and economic aid, and
ENCOURAGED Iranian adherence IN the
Baghdad pact. The friendliest relations
have existed with the youthful Shah,
Reza Pahlevi.
In this background. it is evident
that more than a geographic frontier
exists between Iran and the Soviet
Union. 1t is rather, a significant and
critical line of demarcation between the
Communist bloc and the free world. And
Soviet military maneuvers" along this
line assume a particularly threatful
quality at this time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-18
Flight From Tyronny

There could be no better or more
damning commentary on the nature of
Communist East Germany than the fact
that thousands Of men, women and
children nee westward from 1t every
month. They flee from It to the free
dom of the Bonn Federal Republic, and
they include large numbers of scientists
and other intellectuals.
Figures reported from West Berlin
show, for example, that no fewer than
500 physicians and 100 university. pro-
fessors have taken part In this flight
during the past six months. Indeed, the
exodus of such people has been so
continuous and so heavy that even Otto
Grotewohl, the puppet East German
Premier, has openly described 1t as
serious problem for his Communist
regime-serious enough, in fact. to have
moved that regime to promise the intel
ligentsia "the restful conditions neces-
sary for their scientific work" and to
appeal publicly to them not to 60 to free
Germany but to stay behind the Iron
Curtain because socialism is winning"
1t may be doubted, however, that
this appeal will have any appreciable
effect After all, every informed East
German knows only too well that he is
the victim of tyranny that exploits and
Expresses him for the greater honor and
glory Of the Kremlin. So the exodus.
despite the Grotewohl regimes promise
of pie in the sky by and by, will certainly
continue as an eloquent reproach to
communism and tribute to freedom.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-18
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWeLL

He read feverishly. and
probably had more than one
book stored In his capacious
pocket. producing them as a
mother kangaroo might.
Today it is no longer a
minor crime to read detective
stories, but we can remember
when 1t was: no proper
mother wanted her young
lad to read about the ex-
ploits of Old King Brady and
Nick Carter.
These were the two nickel
novel detectives held most
in repute.
In the minds Of the young
sters from 8 TO IL years. tnes
held first place even over
Sherlock Holmes. who was
Just then coming into favor.
Today's detective stories,
especially those of Josephine
Tey and Ngaio Marsh, have
aspects Of real writings
Perhaps they always did!
There can be no question
that many readers, in the old
days, made a mistake in plac-
Wing this form Of writing far
down in the scale. The fact
that Edgar Allan Poe started
it all ought to have told them
something.
Now we have psychoIog-
ical thrillers, suspense sto-
ries. and sophisticated tales
Of all types In this category.
1t may be that some Of them
would never be missed, but
that is the ultimate fate Of
all writing.
Shep and his special
pocket have left town. His
retirement to a warmer cli-
mate makes his pocket not
needed, but wherever he is.
he reads. We are sure of
that. That is the beauty Of
being q reading man. When
we stop to think that once,
in the long. uphill climb Of
man to civilization. So
called, he could not read or
write, but hired a special
man to do It all for him, we
can see how large Shep and
his friends loom In the scale
Of nature.
Let us never say 1t is un-
natural to readl Maybe the
native Americans didn't, and
that Is why they had such
good eyesight, but nature has
her mysteries no less than
man. and knows how to adj
just, too.
The special pocket in old
Shops overcoat Is q nostal-
gic reminder that life is
short and art Is long and we
must make the most Of read
ing while We can.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-18
FreehH Victory

1t was generally expected that Jo-
seph H. Freehill, Fairfax County board
member, would win the Democratic con-
gresSional primary in the 10th district.
But his victory margin comes as some
thing of surprise. Mr.. Freehill polled
$3.50 votes-more than the combined
total of his three opponents. The total
vote, however, was relatively light. Some
14,700 Democratic voters went to the
polls-an appreciable improvement over
1856, when only $3.50 voters turned out
In 1854 the total was 10, 400 and in 1852
some $4,000 votes were cast. There are
10000 registered voters in the district.
The Freehill victory means that
familiar pattern will be repeated in
the 10th District Liberal" Democrat
running against Republican Joel Broy-
hill. This has worked to Ear. Broyhilps
advantage in the past three elections,
which he won. And 1t poses a problem
for Mr.. Freehill, since many "conserva-
tive" Democrats, unwilling to support a
"libera" candidate, either stayed home
or voted for Mr.. Broyhill. Mr.. Freehill
tried during his primary campaign, and
he will try harder between now and
November, to maintain party harmony
and unity.
There is also strong probability
that something new--the school inte-
grafton issue-will be injected into the
November battle. This issue did not
bring many voters into the primary,
even though the line was rather clearly
drawn between Mr.. Freehill, who in
sistS that the schools be kept open, and
his prosegregation opponents. And Mr..
Broyhill who signed the Southern man
ifesto, is quoted as saying he does not
think the issue will have much effect in
November. But he may be mistaken.
Arlington is under court order to in
tegrate in September, and If the county
complies with this order some of its
schools presumably will be shut down by
the Governor. If this happens, we Sus-
peet that the school issue will be not
only new but very important issue
In November.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-18

What precisely is the "cold
war" that figures so promi-
nently in our lives? One looks
in vain for q cogent answer
to this question. There is no
record Of its having been "de-
clared" by responsible au-
thorities. There is no prece-
dent for its formal conduct.
And there is no prescription
for its final resolution in
either time, place or circum-
stance.
There is, of course, the
vague general notion that the
cold war" Is q state Of hos
tilities carried on desultorily
across q mythical Iron Cur
tain between the United
States Of America and the
USSR, but there Is no speci1i-
cation Of the issues involved,
II any. II we do not know
what the issues are, how can
we tell when they are recon-
ciled? Imaginary issues can
not be resolved by either edict
or force Of arms.
Meanwhile. on the plane of
actually, there are practi-
caIly all the conditions Of q
formal peace. In q formal
or hot" war there is immedi-
ate disruption Of diplomatic
and commercial relations.
This is certainly not true at
present. The presumptive an
tagonists not only have
normal and direct ambassa-
dorial and consular relations,
but also indirect relation
ship through the United Ma
tons, through S0-called sum-
init conferences plus peace
full collaboration on various
scientific and cultural prof.
ects ss well IS sconsiderable
amount Of commercial inter-
change. q
ELM c. jones.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-18
East Front Views

Perhaps, as q reader OF 80
years standing and close
friend of the former manaR-
ing editor Oliver Owen Kuhn.
I may be permitted TO write
you In friendly opposition. II
there is such q thing. to the
spirit Of your editorial In the
issue Of July 13. concerning
the Capitol east front ex-
tension, an editorial In some
what contemptuous mood.
The mood Of the distinguished
Star is its own concern and
under its own control.
Yet we have here q difhcult
controversial subject. where
everyone seeks the most
nearly proper solution. The
Star has honestly and ear
nestly favored the east front
extension, an attitude by a
widely read, distinguished
newspaper which brought the
subject before what may be
and should be spoken Of as
the highest architectural
body. the American Institute
Of Architects.
This institute. representing
through accredited delegates,
more than $4,000 architects.
voted strongly, with near
unanimity, against the east
front extension. The vote was
in the spirit that the great
monuments of the world, of
which the Capitol is distin-
guishedly one. should remain
unchanged in the form we
have come to love.
The Star speaks belittlinely
of such expert opinion. Yet
the solution Of difficult con-
troversies should be shaped
by those educated to higher
understanding of the subject
under debate. I believe no
newspaper, necessarily in
lesser expert position, should
oppose such thinking meant
to guide the public. / hold,
as certainly must you, that a
newspaper as educator re-
fleets, does not originate.
public opinion. The Fourth
Estate listens. And the action
Of the American Institute Of
Architects is a strong sound
wave.
Edwin Bateman Morris, Sr.
American Institute Of Ar
chitects.
Editors Note: While The
Star disagrees with the Of
fetal ALA position on the
east front. the editorial in
question did not ''belittle"
this position. What it did
was to question whether the
manner In which q small
number Of ALA members have
resorted to constant personal
abuse and exaggeration
against their opponents is not
out of character with the
traditions Of this much
respected profession.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-18

about II that he threatened 70 move
somewhere else. II necessary.
We would hate TO lose Mr.. Coan,
and we'd Ike 70 say the same for sabu.
But We can't. Sc n sabu doesn't get his
permit, Wen Just wave q carefrce fare
well 70 both OF them. And II he does
get the permit. We have only one re-
quest: Please. sabu. tell Mr.. Coan 20
keep a tight hold on that leash.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-18


we should try to work with
the forces for change. guild
ing them towards democracy
and economic self-suficiency.
Warren w. Morse.
Underlying the Middle
East crisis is the slippery
problem OF oil. A look at a
few facts win reveal the ex-
tent of the problem and the
urgency Of q solution.
In 1856 the continents of
North America and South
America produced approxi-
mately two-thirds Of the
worlds supply Of oil. Europe
and the Middle East pro-
duced the bulk of the re-
mainder. The United States
alone produced and used APP
proximately four times the
amount Of petroleum pro-
duced and used by Russia
and her satellites. The cur
rent rate of production and
consumption Is important In
relation to the known re-
serves Of crude oil.
In 1856 the major known
reserves in the world in bill
hons Of barrels were estimated
as 2s.6 for the United States,
Venezuela 40, other coun-
tries 12.2. the Communist
bloc 1913, and the Middle
East 1852. q
At the current rate of us
age both the Western nations
and the Communist bloc
could use up their known
reserves within the next IL
to Is years. OF course, these
estimates could be in error,
and new discoveries may add
to the present reserves. But,
the unacceptable conclusion
is that both the West and
the East win become increas-
ingly reliant upon the Middle
East for oil.
Under our present technol-
ogy q modern industrial ma
ton cannot live without oil.
II either the East or West is
excluded from Middle East
oil, the nations excluded will
eventually resort to war.
Thus 1t becomes rather EVIL
dent that any plan Of cock
Silence between the free and
Communist worlds must in
clude some method Of shar-
ing Middle East oil. The es-
Enlistment Of some type Of
international cartel whereby
Middle East oil could be al
located to the nations Of the
world may not be the best
answer. but it may be the
only one.
Bystander.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-18
Bystander.

In my mid-teens, at a very
impressionable age, / had
the good fortune and pleas
ure Of attending the First
Congregational Church where
DR.. Kopf served as pastor
for ten years. I was not q
member Of the church but
I did sing in the women's
choir and rarely missed q
Sunday for several years.
Going to church, for the first
time, was not q duty which
was expected Of one but a
privilege which so many Of
us overlook completely or
take for granted.
DR.. Kopf did not preach.
He had q message to con-
vey to anyone who listened
and he had q way Of max
ing one listen. A very learned
man, he spoke beautifully.
simply and in gentle tones
on the joys Of q Christian
way Of life. His message
always gave food for spiritual
thought. This man was not
q preacher but an orator who
was q powerful and success
full messenger Of God be-
cause he was q dedicated,
sincere and humble man. DR..
Kopf had q deep respect for
all religious faiths and O
love for all people.
DR.. Kopf's passing brought
to mind this lovely passage
from st. Matthew, chapter
VIC: LET your good light
so shine before men, that
they may see your good
works. and glorify your
Father which is in heaven"
His passing from this life
has brought sadness to un-
told numbers Of people every
where but with 1t an aware
ness that he was once again
"calied"-this time for q
bigger job in . greater
cathedral.
CareIe Williamson Welmex.,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-18

Did you ever hear Of the
special pocket in Shops over
coat?
It was built in on the slant,
so that the owner could make
a quick draw.
Il wasn't a gun, however.
What he Owed into his
special pocket for was q
paperback detective storyl
Probably few such COM
plete fans Of the paperbooks
existed. He continually was
reading or looking up a new
one.
Shep loved these stories, as
do millions Of others.
The paperbook business.
now booming, put them right
in the center Of the reading
map.
From being peripheral
reading for many. they Just
struck the taste Of countless
addicts.
Somehow. some way. rs TO
IS cents seemed lust the
right price for them.
= 4 =
The rational basis for the
pocket in overcoat was this:
Riding the buses, one is
often hemmed In on all
sides.
The difficulty. then, Of get
ting o book out Of o coat
pocket Is well known.
Mostly, you can't.
The book simply cannot be
reached, because q fat lady is
on your left.
Sometimes the volume can
be touched. but 1t win not
come clear out.
Shep, magnificent reader
solved this In his own direct
way.
He had a tailor put in the
pocket slantwise over TO the
left. so that when he thrust
In his right hand, the book
was ready to be drawn out
naturally, without q hitch.
It took q deep understand
ing Of human nature, as well
as q complete indifference to
what other people say, be-
cause somebody Is always
kicking about the unusual.
The movement In with
drawing the book was some
thing on the order Of the
revolver in the old days in
the Far West.
In those times and places,
the quick draw was essential
to life, maybe.
In Shops modern life in a
big city. Il merely meant that
he could read what he
pleased at the time one
pleased, and where.
\
No lady. fat or slim, could
stop him.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-07-18
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Rockets to Probe Mysteries Of Sun

shot aloft with Mid boosters
which viii be fred from a
rail on the deck OF the USS
Thomaston. The contrivance
now Is being installed at San
Diego. Five tests have been
carried out at So. Nicholas Is-
land on the California coast.
In two Of these attitudes OF
more than $50 miles have been
attained. Much the same. II
Is believed. can be done from
shipboard. so that the time
the Asp spends above the nee
essary 90 miles win be about
equal TO the duration Of to-
tally.
The Navy astronomers
want 70 squeeze into the nee
essarily brief period Of OBJ
servation as much informa-
ton as possible about sum
spots In general and, they
stress. there never win be
another such opportunity for
anybody now living. These
sunspots increase and decline
In numbers In both minor
and major cycles. The minor
cycle is Of about ii years and
70 IL has been attributed no
table changes In the worlds
weather picture. The differ
ence in numbers, however, is
not great from start to finish.
But. DR.. Friedman points
out, there also appears to be
a major cycle Of so years
which probably has more
profound weather effects.
Apparently the sun now is
at about the top of a 50-year
cycle and. there are more
spots on the disk than at
any time In the last century.
He expects the observations
at Pukapuka may throw new
light on the phenomenon.
Astronomical observations
with rockets have been car
ried out for the past decade
but their scope has been
quite limited owing to the
difficulty Of keeping the
vehicles aloft long enough at
snfncient attitudes. Only the
major recent improvements
make the projected eclipse
program possible.
Above Cloud Cover
The rockets during the
period Of totality viii be well
above any possible cloud
cover which could interfere
with observations. Thousands
often have been spent on
total eclipse expeditions to
far corners Of the world for
observations Of about two
minutes-always with the
realized possibility that
simultaneously with totality
clouds viii cover the sky and
any visible work will be i'm
possible. There always are
tense moments of watching
the heavens as the crucial
second of totaIity APP
proaches. One can't see, or
take very good pictures,
through clouds.
Presumably this will be as
much q problem as ever for
some of the expeditions in
the South Pacific but even in
the past year electronics have
gone far towards replacing
human eyes. "a n rc
~ The Navy astronomers
have worked with observa-
ton rockets almost since the
first v ones were brought
from Germany at the end Of
the last war and for a. long
time some of their results
have constituted major con-
tributions to astronomy.