davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-11

PARIS,
France is the physical cap
itsl of the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization, the core
of its complicated network of
communications, the heart
land of supply and support
for any military effort 1t
must make. Since the United
States bases its policy for
defense Of the West squarely
on NATO, NATO relations
with Gen. Charles de Gaulle
are only less important to
Americans than his feeling
about the United States it
self.
Though critical, the prob
lem is not now urgent.
NATO is a going concern and
SO far there has not been q
breakdown in its French con-
nectlonS, nor even in that
vast and costly string of Stra-
tegic Air Command bases
along the troubled shores of
North Africa.
The amenities have been
exchanged between Gen. de
Gaulle and NATO supreme
commander Lauris Norstad,
the Minnesota born Ameri-
can Air Force general. That
is all. Gen. Norstad can only
stand and wait, and this he
is doing with a truly exem-
plary display Of discretion
and calm confidence.
In q situation like the pres
ent, every morsel Of gossip
Is precious. Gen. Norstad alb
stains from that pleasure, ex-
eept with those upon whom
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-11
DORIS FLEEsON
Patience: A Virtue at NATO

DC. Considering how many
people have taken a cut at
Field Marshal Montgomery.
1t does not seem unfair to
let him get some of his own
back.
Anyway, Gen. de Gaulle
will have steadily fewer peo-
pie to deal with at NATO
who have a vested interest
in the World War II COM
man post, The newcomers
will be men, too. who saw
at first hand the terrible
weakness of the dead repub-
lie and wish the new Pre-
mier well with real fervor.
He is not expected to like
the present appointment of
a German-Lt. Gen. Hans
Speidel-as commander of
ground forces on the central
front. Otherwise. no one
quite knows where his OBJ
jections might lie, except
that they will have the aim
of increasing Frances NATO
voice.
The United States today
has about $4,000 soldiers and
airmen at French bases, cost
ing upward Of Sis billion.
About so installations, in
GLIDING some half-dozen air
bases, are included in the
total.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-11

to Mrs. Knutson in this years
election.
Mr.. Knutson a month ago
said he had asked his wife not
to seek reelection. He said
their home life had deteriorated.
He also asked her to get rid Of
her administrative aide, Will
liam Kjeldahl, stating Mr..
Kjeldahl exercised "dictatorial
powers" over her.
Mrs. Knutson at that time
said she would disregard his
plea, seek reelection and retain
Mr.. Kjeldahl.
Mr.. KnutSon yesterday at De-
troit Lakes, Mimi, was one of q
group of IS who urged Marvin
A. Evenson of Moorhead to file
against Mrs. KnutSon in the
Democratic Farmer-Labor pri-
mary. Mr.. Evenson said he
would consider being a candi-
date.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-11
Election Contributions by Unions
Viewed as Influence on Bill

ton. He has never really
come to grips legislatively
with the evils that have been
going on inside labor unions
for many years.
Senator Ives is not one of
those members of Congress
who in his campaigns re-
ceived financial support from
the unions, but there are
many other legislators who
have been receiving large
campaign contributions. The
sums contributed are, of
course, a matter of record.
It is a fact that the labor
unions have made a Demo
cratic thing" Of labor legisla-
ton in the past and have
seen to 1t that approx
mately ITS present members
of the House and Senate did
receive money contributions
from the union committees in
recent elections.
Nobody, moreover, can get
the Democratic presidential
nomination who doesn't have
the support of the labor I'M
ions. The late Presiden {
Franklin D. Roosevelt used to
say about matters of impor-
lance at the Democratic Ma
tional Convention. including
the approval of vice presi-
dental candidates, Clear it
with Sidney" The reference
was to the late Sidney Hill
man of the big union of gar
ment workers in New York.
Today, unless Walter Reu-
ther of the United Auto
Workers Union gives his
clearance" nobody can get
the presidential or vice presi-
Dental nomination on the
Democratic national ticket.
Senator Kennedy Of Massa-
chusetts, who often is men
toned as a possible nominee
on the Democratic ticket. CO.
operated with Senator Ives
and did a masterful job Of
putting together a piece Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-11
DAVID LAWRENCE
Politics and Labor Legislation

legislation the labor unions
find palatable.
The labor leaders, however,
really don't want any legisla-
ton passed. and they may
have enough votes to kill all
the bills in the House later
in the session. But they are
appreciative Of the strategy
Of the Massachusetts, Sena-
tor in at least refusing to go
along the route of the ad-
ministration, which, favorS
much more restrictive legisla-
ton.
The Republicans know they
have a big issue in the cor
ruption disclosed in labor
union finances The Demo.
cratic Party's proposals
would punish only indi-
viduals' inside labor unions
who znishandle funds but
would do nothing to punish
unions for irresponsible acts
in the way Of violence and
secondary boycottS. Nor are
the Democrats ready to de-
fend the constitutional right
of a worker to refrain from
joining a union If he so de-
sires, or his right to insist
that his dues shall not be
used for political purposes.
The whole debate will con-
tinue into the next campaign,
when the American working
man will be asked to vote for
members of Congress who are
ready to protect his pay en-
velope not only against The
raids of embezZlers and
others who mishandle union
funds, but against the activi-
ties of politicians inside the
labor unions who are in
terested primarily in feather
ing their own nests. Many
millions of dollars in dues
could be saved for the Ameri-
can worker If there were
stringent laws to prevent
the abuses involved in the
gathering Of so-called strike
funds" and in the autocratic
behavior of those union
bosses who terrorize the rank
and file.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-11
CONSTANTINE BROWN
A-Defense Seen DeteTing Assault
BY SoYietsS Conventional Forces

marine force in its task Of
isolating the free world.
The Communists have. q
huge land mass extending
from the Elbe River to the
shores of the Pacific. Unlike
the Germans and Italians in
the last war, they do not de-
pend on seaborne trade. The
free world is linked together
by two huge water stretches
the Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans-and cannot survive
unless it has free sea lanes.
The Soviet Union has not
unified its services. The air
force is under the overall
direction of the army, which
is still regarded by the
high command as the main
weapon for conquest after the
political leaders have sue
ceeded in pulling the teeth
of our nuclear deterrence.
The peoples in the free
world have been terrorized by
the Red advances in all kinds
Of nuclear power, and Who
ever says that it may be
somewhat overrated is de-
scribed as a stupid optimist.
The trend in every free coun-
try, be it America. Britain or
France, is to do away with
the awful threat of nuclear
warfare-the one real deter
rent we have against the
massive organized manpower
of international communism.
We have become hipped
on the push button war
theory and are directing our
efforts mildly to overtaking
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-11
WILLIAM S. WHITE
Fate of Reciprocal Trade

in the House by such brilliant
figures as Speaker Sam Ray
burn of Texas and Repre-
sentative Wilbur Mills Of Ar
kansas. The Eisenhower adj
miniStration, too, has played
a part, but an off-and-on
part.
Mr.. Rayburn is a f1ercely
faithful regular" Democrat.
This time-and how very in
frequently such an associa-
ton comes about-he is allied
with a man long disen-
chanted with the Democratic
Party as a whole, Senator
Harry Byrd Of Virginia. The
Senator has not really APP
proved any Democratic Presi-
dent since Woodrow Wilson.
Speaker Rayburn looks upon
any Republican presidency as
a sad national mistake.
Each of these Southern
patriarchs knows that time
is running against the one
vision of the proper role for
the South upon which both
can agree an agricultural,
wide shipping region loving
good manners and hating the
high tariff.
For the graph Of Southern
support for the reciprocal
trade program, though still
high, is declining year by
year, as new factories smoke
up the Southern sky.
So each-Speaker Rayburn
at rs and Senator Byrd at
70-is resolved that not in
his span at least will the
South leave the first article
Of its old political faith-free
trade or something close to
it. This-and not "biparti-
sanship"-iS the real drive,
for bipartisanship is only
specifically strong now.
A Rayburn-Byrd combina-
ton is not easily drawn up.
Once drawn up, it is not
easily broken. 1t is an OPP
Grafton Of quiet, immensely
professional competence by
men who talk little. except
where it counts, and do much.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-11

1t can be said with a bit OF
irony that everybody here is
playing politics with the la
bor-union legislation--every-
body but the people who are
the victims Of the abuses.
The workingman evidently is
going to continue to see his
union dues confiscated in
large part for purposes which
he does not approve.
Congress is supposed to
enact legislation at this ses-
sion to protect the worker
against corruption In union
ism. The Democrats have
written a bill they claim is
adequate. The Republicans
are lining up against the
measure because, they say, 1t
is weak and deficient. The
Secretary Of Labor, James P.
Mitchell, who is a "moder-
ate" If there ever was one on
labor legislation and who has
been very friendly to organ
lied labor, says about the
proposed bill:
After examining and an
alyzing the proposals that
have Just been made to the
Congress by the committee,
I am deeply disappointed to
find that these proposals con-
tain deficiencies and weak
neSses of such magnitude
that, were they enacted into
law, I am convinced they
would provide only illusory
protection to trade union
members and to the public,
as well as being almost i'm
possible to administer
For saying this. Secretary
Mitchell was promptly at
tackled by Senator Ives,
Republican of New York,
who sarcastically says MI
Mitchell is trying ito make a
Republican thing" out Of the
bill. Mr.. Ives has declined
this year to run for re-elec-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-11

The opposition Of Army
Secretary WILDER Brucker and
Chief Of STAFF Maxwell Taylor
to a further reduction in
Army personnel is based on
realities.
Many competent observers
are convinced that when the
Soviet bosses decide to strike
they will use conventional
warfare with masses Of
ground forces supported by
air and sea power.
In all disarmament" par
leys the Kremlin has insisted
on abolition of nuclear
power--our only present de-
terrent to Red aggression
against Western Europe -
despite the much-trumpeted
Russian superiority in nuclear
power. Actually, the Red
strategists know that they
have q definite superiority in
conventional weapons and
especially in manpower, while
they are doubtful of victory
in a nuclear combat.
A quick glance at the
present organization Of the
Soviet forces confirms this
belief. The USSR with a
population of some 200 mil
lion people has at present a
ground force of 2.5 million in
ITS divisions. The United
States with a population Of
TIA million has barely is
combat divisions in various
stages of preparedness. The
NATO forces in Western
Europe are actually smaller
than the combined satellite
troops, without counting 20
Red divisions in Germany
and eight in Hungary.
The Soviet Union has no
known airplane carriers but
has the greatest submarine
feet in history. Conservative
estimates place this fleet at
$40 units, of which more
than half is ocean going. The
purpose of this unprecedent-
ed force is unquestionably
strategic. 1t is designed to
cut off all our attempts to
send troops and supplies
across either ocean and at
the same time to prevent any
raw materials needed in time
of war from reaching this
country.
It should be recalled that
Hitler's So submarines ale
most wrecked us in l943.
Similarly an even smaller
number of American subma-
rines had actually defeated
Japan long before Tokyo de-
cided to surrender. The Is
Soviet modern cruisers and
1870 latest type destroyers are
to complement the Red sub
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-11

For two decades the life of
the Southern Democrats
within their party in Congress
has been a largely lonely and
negative one.
Nearly always they are in
a defensive, no-saying posi-
ton against the Northern
Democrats. Nearly always
they are seen as clinging to
the past against the demands
of the present. And some
times they are allied by politi-
cal necessity with the Old
Guard Republicans.
Only once in a great while,
in the harsh realities of
modern politics, are the
Southerners able to break out
of the prison of sectionalism
they themselves have helped
so much to make.
Such a time of temporary
liberation-a rare and poign-
antly welcome opportunity
to be the spokesman for,
rather than against, a great
measure-has come to them
now.
For on the most critical
issue before Congress and
country, it is Southern Rep
resentatives and Southern
Senators who are the out
standing and the indispen-
sable leaders for the future,
and indeed for the free world.
This issue is that of ex-
tending the reciprocal trade,
or tariff lowering, program to
promote more and more world
trade--and to raise a power
ful retort to the Soviet
economic offensive.
1t is the Southerners who
will bring this grand enter
prise safely through both
House and Senate to final
enactment If it is to be
brought through. And all who
believe in internationalism in
the true liberalism of gener-
ouSly helping others to live
so that we, too, may gen.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-11
Norstod Viewed as Feeling De GouIIe
Would Hesitate to Alter NATO Force

experience has taught him he
absolutely can rely. If a mis-
take is made in relations with
that proud man now in COM
mand of Frances destiny,
Gen. Norstad is not going to
be the one to make it.
To his own people he
breaches patient optimism.
He bases it on the fact that
NATO works, not perfectly
but well. Like the United
Nations, it has with all it's
faults been accepted by pub
lie opinion as well as by gov
ernmentS in its member ma
tons.
He hopes and believes that
Gen. de Gaulle, a military
man, will be slow to alter
approved military force in
being. NATO commanders
all do expect that a man so
dedicated to French greatness
Will raise questions and be
tough about the answers.
The problem may be the
less difficult because so many
of the old NATO hands who
were part of the wartime diff
flculties with Gen. de Gaulle
are gone or going. Soon, for
example, the picturesque and
controversial British Field
Marshal. Sir Bernard L.
Montgomery, retires.
Even the Marshal is said
to have mellowed, although
those who have read his
soon-to-be-published mem
oirs suggest that he has not
mellowed quite enough to
make them happy bedtime
reading at, among other
places, 1900 Pennsylvania
avenue NV. Washington,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-11
Mrs. Knutson
Again Refuses
ToQuit Office
BY the Associated Press

Representative Coya Knutson.
Democrat of Minnesota. yes
terday spurned her husbands
latest plea that she quit poll
tics and come home.
IT have not changed my
mind" she said. Il intend to
seek reelection. I have a job
to do here. I am too busy try
ing to do this job to enter into
personality fights"
Her husband. Andy Knutson,
a small hotel and cafe operator
in their home town, Oklee,
Mimi, yesterday pledged his
support to a possible opponent
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-11
Argument for NucIeor Arms

the Soviet Union in that
field. Some say we can DO
successful. Apparently Mos
COW feels the same.
The Red leadership has
never been known to be
humanitarian. It's concern
and its drive for the aboli-
ton of nuclear weapons
cannot spring from a feel
ing of horror over the devas-
tation and suffering which
nuclear warfare would en-
tail but from the belief that
the West can defeat an ag-
gression undertaken with
such weapons.
At the same time, the men
in the Kremlin, despite the
blasts against the atom
warmongering Americans"
know that this country and
Britain would never use them
first. Hence it is sufficient
for them TO parade their
push-button availability to
panic us into parleys lead
ing to abandonment of our
deterrent power.
Because of the heavy exc
penditures entailed in guided
missile research, ETC., we are
cutting our conventional
forces. So are the British
and the rest of our Western
allies who are convinced that
they can rely on Americas
deterrent"
The frank testimony Of
Gen. Taylor and Secretary
Brucker was based on their
documented conviction that
ground forces won't become
for many years "archers" or
mere ceremonial troops. The
Soviet Union is giving us
ample proof of this.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-11
Actor Recovering

HOLLYWOOD, June IL up.
Ward Bond is recovering to-
day from an emergency appen-
dectomy. Mr.. Bond, star Of the
television series Wagon Train, :"
was operated on yesterday.
Doctors said he will be able to
return to work in three weeks.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-09
COLLECTION PROVES 1T
Our An1orous Ancestors
T1dded Valentines, Too

Modest worth should never
pine, I am not ashamed to
stoop. When ! raise a Valen-
tine -"
Another Valentine reader,
1.-THE New Comic Valentine"
&c. 1840), contained heart
felt rhymes addressed ITO an
Old Maid" ITO q Fashion
able Old Hag," ITO a Rake"
etc.
While showing her valen-
tines Mrs. Riddell told some
thing of their background.
Valentine Day, she said,
began with the Romans and
the feast of Lupercalia. This
was the day for the choosing
of mates and was marked by
rather riotous pagan celebra-
tons. In about the third
century AID, the italian
clergy made an attempt to
save the day by naming it
after st. Valentine, q bishop
martyred on February IA by
Claudius II. But in 456 the
Pope banned it altogether in
Italy.
Later. in England. lovers
began writing verses to their
valentines on February IA.
"Chaucer was the earliest.
as far as anybody knows"
Mrs. Riddell said. This prac-
tice continued and finally
gave rise to the valentine
readers, for those who
couldn't write their own
verses. But the valentine
poems were not decorated
until the beginning Of the
18th century, and Mrs. Rid
dell believes the inspiration
for adding pictures came
from the continent.
Friendship Cards"
During the 18th century in
Germany. she explained, the
practice grew up Of giving re-
ligious pictures for New
Years Day. or as souvenirs,
or as tokens of sympathy or
friendship. These holy cards
developed into friendship
cards." and though not given
exclusively on February IA,
they served as the continental
equivalent of valentines.
MRS. Riddell has a collec-
ton of these valentine pred
ecessors" - religious cards
from Holland, Belgium,
Northern France. Austria and
Germany dating from 1900
which is valued at $4,000.
She also has many friend
shop cards = intricate and
beautiful filagree pictures cut
out Of vellum.)
This valentine authority
went on to say that Esther
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-09
BY AMELIA YOUNG
star star writer =.

-%~-~ f-e-.eA - eeN~A FL.
Millions Of young hopefuls
win be wearing their hearts
on valentine cards this FRI
day.
It's an old, old custom.
The sending of valentines as
we know them today chat
Is decorated love notes. dates
back to the 18th century,
according to Mrs. Richard
Riddell. And she should
know.
Mrs. Riddell is a collector
Of old valentines. Her as
semblage, which fills several
shelves Of a large closet,
numbers about 1000 and is
worth approximately $4,000.
The oldest dates back to the
late 1700s.
A trim, attractive WASH
ington matron, she Stun
bled on her first i've years
ago. II was in charge Of
putting on an exhibition at
Friends School and looking
around for . subject" she
said. when I found some
valentines which my sister
and / had received as chill
dren." There was her subject
old fashioned valentines.
A Wide Search
In doing research for the
exhibition. Mrs. Riddell be-
came so intrigued she de-
cided to pursue valentines
further Just for fun. Her
search took her in and out
Of New York bookstores, to
London dealers and even to
France.
BY now Mrs. Riddell prob
ably has one Of the best
collections in the country.
It includes refuses folded
puzzles) of the late 18th CEN
fury; handpainted and litho-
graphed cards Of the early
10th century: elaborate beau
ties of the golden age of
valentines (1840-60) sporting
satin. silver, pressed flowers
and bird cages" (spirally-cut
sections which pull up to re-
veal a picture beneath; box
cards; German mechanical
cards. and the fancy pull out
cards popular in the early
1900s.
Q Among the more fasci-
mating are a set Of IA called
the "unrequited love series"
published in the 1830s. Hand
colored pictures OF desolate
maidens and men. they are
accompanied by tragic little
verses. Example: amid these
wilds I wander in despair, /
sign for her so faithless yet
so fair. Ye streams, We woods.
We breezes tell, The agony of
soul for her I feel"
Tender Messages
Other tender messages may
be found in Mrs. Riddell's
valentine readers" Of the
10Th century. One such. en-
titled "Cupid's Garland, or
Loves Annual Resource" is
full Of original valentine
verses" for ladies wishing Ito
declare their sentiments to
gentlemen in language pleas
ing and amusing" Here is q
taste of what a lady might
have written in 1925 TO a
Gentleman in Humble Cir
cumstances":
LET not merit ever droop,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-09

Rowland, "a lonely spinster,"
was the first person in Amer
lea to make them in guam
tity. Her father was q sta
toner and imported embossed
paper from England. Esther
enlisted some friends to help
her decorate the paper for
valentine purposes and soon
established a $100,0O0-a-year
business.
Miss Rowland repeatedly
went too far at one point
she put a IS valentine on the
market and, according to leg
end, the sutton who sent one
was promptly rejected. Said
his sweetheart: You're too
extravaganza"