davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-30

process of law" was laid down
in the original school case in
volving the District Of Columbia.
But the due process clause
invoked In that case came from
the Fifth Amendment which Is
not applicable to the States.
The Fourteenth Amendment
contains an identical due proc
ess clause and this amendment
does apply to the States. School
segregation, in the past cases,
had been outlawed in the States
by virtue of a Fourteenth
Amendment provision that no
State shall deprive Its citizens
Of equal protection Of the laws,
Facilitates Lawsuits
BY apparently applying the
due process clause to the States
in the present case through the
Fourteenth Amendment. the
court, some believe, has made
it easier for individual COM
plainants to maintain law suits
aimed against segregation.
1t is explained this way. Due
process protection is a per-
sonal right. Under it an in
dividual might successfully
claim he was Disseminated
against without having to show
he was part of a class of per-
sons suffering discrimination.
For instance, a school might
require special tests for a few
white children and many Ne
groeS. 1t might justify its
action by saying that since
some whites were barred there
was no. discrimination shown
against Negroes-that all were
receiving equal protection Of
the laws. But under the due
process concept. any individual
Negro might sue on the ground
that he, personally. had been
denied due process.
Highlights Of yesterdays
opinion we're:
/. The constitutional right
Of children not to be discrim-
mated against in public schools
because of race can neither be
nullifed openly and directly"
by State ofhcials nor nullified
indirectly by them through
evaSive schemes for segrega-
ton. :"
2. Delay in migrating schools
might be allowable in certain
cases but only where it is shown
that steps have been taken to
ward the earliest practicable
completion of deSegregation."
3, The Supreme Courts in
depreciation Of a constitutional
provision is "the law Of the
land"
4. Responsibility for disorder
in Little Rock rests with Gov.
Faubus and other public on
Gals.
5. Public hostility cannot be
the basis for delaying integra-
ton Of schools.
8. No State official can war
against the Constitution with
out violating his undertaking to
support it."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-30

divorced from state aid Of any
kind. including use of buildings,
teachers wages and school
books.
So clear was the opinion in
outlawing "evasive schemes"
officials said, that any litiga-
ton brought in lower courts in
an attempt to maintain seq
regated schools can be dis
posed Of promptly.
Mandate for Action
They saw the opinion as a
mandate to State governments
and Legislatures to get busy
and carry out the requirements
of the historic 1854 ruling that
public schools must be deseg-
regated.
The ruling was seen as not
only demolishing Arkansas Gov.
Faubus' plan to lease public
schools to a private corporation
for operation on a segregated
basis, but as also negating a
Virginia program for State
paid teachers to take over seq
regated classes in private
homes. Such a scheme has been
started in Charlottesville, Va.
AS the final answer to all
such plans, officials point to q
key paragraph in the opinion:
"State support Of segregated
schools through any arrange
ment, management, funds or
property cannot be squared
with the (Fourteenth) Amend
ment's command that no State
shall deny to any person in its
jurisdiction the equal protec-
ton of the laws"
The court took pains to point
out that participating in yes
terday's opinion were three
justices who we're not members
when the original deSegrega-
ton decision was handed down
IN 1854. They are Justices
Harlan, Brennan and Whit
taker.
Some saw this exhibition 81
unanimity as smashing a de-
spairing hope of Southern lead
ers that somehow. sometime in
the foreSeeable future. the court
might dilute its original ruling.
The opinion gave the reason
+. ing behind the high court order
of September IL which decreed
immediate resumption Of school
indignation at Little Rock. At
issue before the court at that
slime was the validity of a rul-
ing by Federal Judge Harry j.
Iemley which would have de-
layed indignation until 1861.
Significant Statement
Some observers saw great sig
nificance in a statement in the
opinion that 'the right Of a
student not to be segregated on
racial grounds is indeed so
Fundamental and persuasive
that it is embraced in the con-
cept Of due process of law"
This holding that school seq
regation violates the constitu-
tional requirement that no per-
son shall be deprived Of life,
liberty or property without due
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-30
VIRGINIA

Continued From First Page
the rug out from under such
ideas as juggling classes or US
ing State tuition grants.
Gov. Almond two weeks ago
indicated the State could ex-
pect legal difficulties ahead. He
said the people of Virginia
might be forced to turn to a
private school system, with
such help from the State as
the Federal Courts would per-
NIT.
Little Effect in Charlottesville
In Charlottesville private
classes already are under way.
Mrs. Mortimer Caplin, spokes-
man for the Parents Commit
tee for Emergency Schooling.
pointed out that no public
buildings were being used.
Certainly, it is not our de-
sire to evade the law" she
declared. Were just doing
this to take care of the chill
dren until these legal tangles
are settled. We want to 60
back to the public schools and
we will as soon as they open. +"
Her committee is operating
on an emergency basis, and
plans to go out of business
If and when public schools
reopen - even if they are
lntegrated. Another group,
the Charlottesville Educational
Foundation, plans to continue
its private classes if public
schools reopen with racially
mixed classes.
William M. Pope, head of
the foundation, said, II don't
think this has any effect on
our system at all. We are
not trying to lease the public
schools. We have no contractu-
raj arrangements with the
teachers. They are purely vol
unteers. This is not a scheme
to use public schools. This is
q private school,"
Frederick S. Morton is chair
man of a committee co-ordinat-
ing private school efforts of the
other two groups at the high
school level. He said he would
not comment until he studied
the Supreme Court ruling.
p In Norfolk, the Supreme
Courts opinion was discussed
behind closed doors at a meet
ing of city officials and State
Legislators. The closing Of six
Norfolk junior and senior high
schools yesterday has put TO-
900 students out of class in the
port city. No decision was
reached.
A number of the Norfolk
students are attending private
tutoring groups. The Tide
water Educational Foundation
has enrolled 2,427 students in
its private education system.
Warren County Just this week
began making arrangements to
begin private classes for the
1,044 white high school stu
dents who have been locked out
Of class since two weeks ago
yesterdayl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-30
Court Opinion Is Held
Clear on Indignation
BY HOWARD L. DUTKIN
star stan Writer

Justice Department officials said today their Of enforce
ing school racial indignation DEGREES has been considerably
eased by the Supreme Court
They interpreted yesterdays unanimous high court opinion
in the Little Rock ark meaning that attempt
To operate school on segregated entirely
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-30
Protest Rejected

TOKYO, Sept. 80 (AP).-Red
China today rejected a British
protest on a l2-mile territorial
waters limit proclaimed by the
Communist regime. 1t said the
note was an unreasonable in
tervention" in China's SOW
ereignty.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-30
Paragraph Emphasized

Judge johnson said all yes
terday's order is attempting to
do is to maintain the status quo
Evening star., 1958-07-15
$34O Pay Ruise
Proposed for
CupitoI Police

A move to make the Capitol
police a career service has won
dollars and cents support from
the Senate Appropriations COM
mittee.
The committee voted yester-
day to raise salaries of privates
with more than four years serv-
ice $340 a year, from $4,725 to
$5.O65.
Beginning pay would remain
at the lower figure. The raise
was urged by Senator Bridges
Republican Of New Hampshire,
in an effort to keep the younger
career men on the force, many
of whom are working their way
through school.
Budget makers also decided
to ask the Senate to hire 20
more policemen for the new
Senate Office Building.
The items were included in a
1929 million legislative ap-
preparation bill. It was some
$26.3 million more than the
House had asked to run Capitol
Hill Offices.
The recommended increase
would buy new limousines for
majority and minority leaders
and Senator Hayden, Democrat
of Arizona, the Senate's tenn
porary president.
1t also allows Senators to
make three round trips home
from Washington each year
with mileage costs reimbursed.
Evening star., 1958-07-15
Iroq Got
$5OMiIIion
In U. S. Arms
By the Associated Pres,

United States military aid
to Iraq has been on a relatively
small scale, totaling less than
$50 million in the last three
and one-half years.
Historically, the British
have organized, trained and
equipped the military forces
there. But late in 1854, an
agreement among Iraq, Britain
and the United States, brought
American military aid into the
picture.
The United States agreed to
concentrate its aid on improv-
ing Iraq's ground forces and
has sent equipment and arms
for infantry units plus small
tanks and trucks for one ar
mored brigade.
All except a fraction of the
dollar value of American mill
tary aid to Iraq has been in the
form Of outright gifts, totaling
$45.5 million. Military equip
ment declared excess by United
States armed forces carrying a
nominal value of about $1.2
million also has been turned
over to Iraq and that country
has sought and paid for some
thing over $3.50 worth of re-
placement parts.
The United States maintains
no military bases in Iraq. The
American mission there is con-
cerned primarily with planning
and helping administer the
program.
Evening star., 1958-07-15
Check Charges
Hold PoroIee

A 38-year-old Iowa parole
violator who took q fling at
some high living in Washington
With worthless checks has been
caught in Philadelphia, police
reported.
Robert s. Russell was brought
back to the District yesterday
by Detective Sergt. Joseph
Bonaccorsy Of the Check and
Fraud Squad. Philadelphia
police picked him up on a
broadcast description last
Thursday, just houls after he
had left the District.
Russell had rented a $4,000
car with a worthless check for
his flight. had also paid a 500
Shoreham Hotel bill and
cashed an additional S40O in
bad checks here, Sgt. Bonac-
corsy said.
The car was abandoned in
Baltimore and subsequently re-
covered by police, according to
the sergeant. Russell left Iowa
in February, where he was on
parole from prison for similar
bad check charges, Sergt. Bon
accorsy said.
Evening star., 1958-07-15
Taxi Kills GirI,2,
In Front of Home

A 2-year-old girl was struck
by a taxi and killed in front
of her Northwest home yes
terday.
Sheila Russell, daughter of
Mrs. Catherine Russell, Sl0 T
street NV, was crossing the
street. The driver, Alfred C.
Young, So, of 1888 T street
NV, told police he had slowed
to five miles an hour at the
sight of other children playing.
but did not see Sheila. Police
reported she was knocked 35
feet by the impact.
The girl was pronounced
dead at Freedmen's Hospital.
Mr.. Young was held for action
of the coroner.
The death was the 37th traf-
fic fatality this year in the
District, compared to 20 at
this time last year.
Evening star., 1958-07-15
300 Midshipmen
Caught in Crisis

ANNAPOLIS, July is [R).-
Approximately one-third of the
Naval Academy's 1859 graduat-
ing class is aboard ships of the
9Th Fleet. which has been or
dered into action in the Eastern
Mediterranean.
Naval Academy officials said
today they are quite con-
cerned' about them but have
no word as yet whether any are
actually involved in the fleet
movements connected with the
crisis in Iraq and Lebanon.
Some 500 midshipmen from
the senior or first class EN-
barked in 9Th Fleet ships for
summer training shortly after
graduation exercises in June.
They were scattered among
various units, and an academy
spokesman said it is possible
that as tfainees they were
transferred before any of these
units were ordered into action.
Evening star., 1958-07-15
ThreeMoyors
OpposeCut
In SIum Aid
~ me Associated Press

~ tne Asaociateo Press
Three bis-city Mayors dis
puted sharply today the wis
dom Of President Eisenhower's
proposal TO reduce the Federal
contribution for city slum elm
ination and urban renewal.
Mayors who urged an in
crease rather than reduction In
Federal capital housing grants
were p. Kenneth Peterson Of
Minneapolis. Louis C. Miriam
Of Detroit and Robert F. wag-
ner Of New York city. All spoke
for the United States Confer
ence Of Mayors.
Mayor Wagner told a House
Banking subcommittee that the
Federal contribution for urban
renewal programs should be
increased from two-thirds to
80 per cent of the cost.
President Eisenhower pro-
posed a reduction to so per
cent. The Senate. in passing a
$2.5 billion housing bill last
Friday, retained the two-thirds
figure.
The Senate bill authorized a
$l.8 million six-year program
Of Federal grants. a half a
billion more than proposed by
the administration.
Mayor Wagner said ''inade-
quate solutions" to city slums
and housing crises will not be
acceptable to that large ma
jority Of the United States
population now living in urban
or metropolitan areas" "
Mayor Miriam. also backing
an 80 per cent contribution,
told the committee "the vicious
circle Of declining municipal
(tax) revenues coupled with
increasing municipal costs
points to a need for greater,
not smaller contributions of
Federal funds if we are to re-
verse the trend towards blight. ..
Mayor Peterson said the
urban renewal program must
be financed on a continuing
basis with an assurance that
the necessary Federal financing
viii be available"
Evening star., 1958-07-15
Strikes Staged
AtCunuveruI

CAPE CANAvERAL, Fla,
July is P.--About $500 mem
bers of the Transport Work
ers' Union staged a strike
against Pan American Airways
today to protest what they
called inadequate safety con-
ditions at the Air Force mis-
sile test center.
The workers walked of their
jobs shortly after midnight.
Pickets, instructed not to pre-
vent entry to the cape. took up
positions about four miles south
of the main gate to the missile
launching sites.
1t still was too early to de-
termine whether the strike
would interfere with missile
launchings.
A total of about $4,000 work.
ers are employed at the cape
and at nearby Patrick Air
Force Base.
Ernest M. Mitchell, interna-
tional representative for Local
525, TWU, said the strike was
called in connection with the
fatal fall of a mechanic from
an Atlas ICBM service tower
last Wednesday.
It was reported that the
issues also involved a wage
dispute, but details of the
phase Of the strike were not
known.
Pan American manages and
maintains the missile center,
including the 6,000-mile At
lantic test range, for the Gov
ernment.
Mr.. Mitchell said the COM
pany declined to consider six
complaints fled by the union
in reference to the death of,
Fred D. Adams, 80, Of Eau
Gallie, who plunged several
stories down the Atlas elevator
shaft.
Evening star., 1958-07-15
Pokistoni Banker
Addresses Lions

Sheikh Ahmad Irshad, q
Pakistani banker, last night
addressed the Seat Pleasant
Lions Club at a meeting at
Armstrong's Tavern on Central
avenue.
Sheikh Irshad. who has
Travelled 10000 miles on self
financed study tour Of Ameri-
can banking. praised the
United States for its friendship
and good viii towards Pakistan
and said they have helped
greatly to. develop his country.
Sheikh Irshad, q graduate of
the University Of Panjab, has
been an ofiicial Of the National
Bank of Pakistan. He now is
studying banking at the Bank
of Maryland and later this
year will attend the School of
Consumer Banking. at the UNI
versity Of Virginia.
Evening star., 1958-07-15
Rebels Surround
U. S. Embassy

LONDON. July Is (P.-Pan
American Always said today
it had received a radio report
from its Teheran Office that
the United States Embassy in
Baghdad was surrounded by
Iraqi rebels and that no one
was allowed to leave.
Pan Americans London
headquarters said some Of its
information came from moni-
tored radio broadcasts but
that it was considered reliable.
THE rebel government" the
radio message from Iran said,
has the American Embassy
surrounded to supply protec-
ton and also to prevent de-.
parture of the American staff. !"
Evening star., 1958-07-15
Prayers for Peace
Asked in New
PopoI EncycIicoI

VATICAN CITY, July is tR).
Pope Plus XII called for
prayers for world peace and a
return to the precepts of Chris
tianity.
The Pontiff's plea and warn
ing of possible universal exter-
mination came in an encyclical
letter to all bishops and arch
bishops of the Roman Catholic
Church.
The letter was dated yester-
day, the day that strife erupted
in Iraq and threatened to
spread to other troubled areas
of the Middle East.
The Pope, reviewing the long
campaign for peace he began
soon after his election on the
eve of World War II, cited the
terrible power Of today's nu-
clear arms.
THE frightful armament.
discovered by human ingenu-
ity." he said. "are of such inn
mense power that they could
crush and submerge in univer-
sal determination not only the
conquered but also the con-
querors and all humanity"
Evening star., 1958-07-15
Nuri Beaten to Death
Rebels in Iroq Claim

BEIRUT. July is (R.-The
rebel controlled Baghdad radio
claimed today that Iraqi Pre-
mier Nuri Said had been beaten
to death by. a mob.
Earlier the radio had admit
ted its report of his death yes
terday was not true and that
he had escaped. These broad
casts had offered a price for
his capture.
The dog of imperialism was
killed by the people and his
body taken to the palace of
Justice in Baghdad," the later
broadcast declared.
Baghdad said yesterday that
Crown Prince Abdul Ilah had
been hanged on display in front
of the same palace.
The offer of a reward for
Mr.. Nuri had raised specula-
ton that he was among friendly
tribesrnen and was stirring up
resistance. His friends in Beirut
claimed fighting was still going
on in Baghdad.
The new pro-Nasser regime
Of Premier Brig. Gen. Ahdel
Karin Kassem claimed all was
calm in Iraq. but some Develop
r1ents indicated all was not
smooth sailing following the
revolt.
The Baghdad Radio broad
cast orders to Iraqi troops in
Jordan to return home. But
reports from the Jordan cap
ital, Amman. said all Iraqi
troops In Jordan had remained
loyal to Jordan King Hussein.
King Hussein, Hashemite
cousin of Iraq's King ,Faisal.
assumed the post Of chief Of
state of the federation Of Jor-
dan and Iraq after King Fai-4
sails overthrow. King Faisal's.
fate was unknown.
Evening star., 1958-07-15
BOghdod Coup Is Blow
To Hoshemite Family

BEIRUT. July IS ND.-The
Baghdad coup has dealt a hard
blow TO the Hashemite family,
who have sat on four different
Arab thrones since World
War /.
Until yesterday. the family
had only two thrones left, oc-
cupied by 23-year-old cousins.
There was Faisal II In Iraq and
Hussein In Jordan. If the rebel
army leaders in Iraq can make
their blow stick. Hussein may
not have his seat long and the
Hashemites once more viii be
unemployed.
Since World War I there
have been eight Hashemite
kings. reigning in the Moslem
holy city Of Mecca as well as
In Damascus. Amman and
Baghdad.
Faisal's great grandfather
Husseins- a white-bearded cam
el-riding patriarch, led the
1916 revolt against the Otto
man Empire and reigned In
Hejaz. Eastern Arabia, with his
capital in Mecca. He once
claimed to be king Of all the
Arabs but couldn't make his
claim stick.
His son Ali succeeded him in
Hejaz until the fierce Bed
ouin hordes Of Ibn Saud threw
him out in 1925.
Thrones Given Two
Ais two brothers, Abdullah
and Faisal ! moved out Of
Arabia to thrones farther
north which the British gave
them.
Abdullah moved in a camel
caravan to Jordan and pitched
his black Bedouin tents on the
site of the future capital, AM
man. Abdullah was assassinat-
ed while praying in a mosque
in Jerusalem in 1851.
He was succeeded on the
Jordan throne by his mentally
ailing son, Talal. Talal was de-
Evening star., 1958-07-15

posed IN 1852 after doctors
judged him insane.
Young Hussein, Taial's son,
assumed the throne the next
year. when he reached the age
Of l8 He has narrowly escaped
assassination more than once
but has managed to hang on
so far.
Abdullah's brother, Faisal I
claimed the throne Of Syria Inn
mediately after World War I.
The French army drove him
out after q short reign IN
Damascus.
Died Natural Death
At the time the British
sought to give Iraq a measure
Of independence and put Faisal
on the throne in Baehdad in
1921. He died q natural death
and was succeeded by his son
Ghazi. Ghazi was killed in an
auto accident in 1889 and was
followed by his son, Faisal II,
then only 4.
Although they spearheaded
the Arab struggle for independ-
ence from the Turkish empire,
the Hashemites have never
been popular in the Arab
world.
Old King Hussein Of Heiaz
was accused Of growing rich
at the expense of Moslem
pilgrims who poured into
Mecca annually.
In Jordan and IraQ the
family was unpopular with
Arab nationalists because Of
their close ties with the
British.
King Abdullah was accused
OF conniving with Israel In
the partition Of Palestine. He
was assassinated by embittered
Palestine Arab refugees. y
Young Hussein and FaisaI
have been assailed because Of
their opposition to President
Nasser and heavy reliance
on the West.
Evening star., 1958-07-15
Free World Disaster
Seen by British Press

Certainly that is how the world
will interpret 1t. -.
Nov it is the forces Of dis
order, rather than Of reform,
that are released. In Jordan,
as in Iraq, every ambitious
soldier or politician will feel
that his hour has come"
Disaster for West
The pro-government Con-
servative Daily Telegraph said
the outlines Of the Iraq revolt
known so far were "clear
enough to depict disaster for
Western policy" and added:
"It would be no surprise to
learn that the plot had been
Matched in the Egyptian En-
bassy in ,Baghdad. where in
trigues have been uncovered
before"
The anti-government Labor
ite Daily Herald commented:
Our backward-look for
eign Office has underrated the
tide Of revolutionary fervor for
independence which is sweeping
the Arab world. :. 4. both the
West and Nasser have made
mistakes. We should now try
to come to business-like terms.
Nothing could be more dan
gerous than to keep up a quar-
rel which benefits only the
Kremlin."
The Communist Daily Worker
said "all British progressives.
with the labor movement as the
center, must oppose all i'm
perialist Intervention in Iraq."
Evening star., 1958-07-15
Philip Is Substitute
For AiIinq Queen

LONDON. July is (R.-
Prince Philip stood in today for
his ailing wife. Queen Elizabeth
II. at a Buckingham palace in
vestiture ceremony to create
100 new knights and danes.
The Queen has been suffering
from sinus.
This is the first time that
the Queens husband has been
allowed to perform the ancient
practice of dubbing q knight.