davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29
CONGRESS Fovors TV in SchooIrooms
But Seems to Be in No Hurry About 1t

successfully fought to have some
television channels reserved for
education when she served on the
Federal Communications Commits
sion.
Lobby Support Of Bill
The nearest thing to a WASH
ington-based lobby pushing the
Magnuson bill is a federation Of
educational organizations called
the Joint Council of Educational
Television. 1t has no registered
lobbyists and concentrates on dis
tributing information rather than
face-to-face persuasion Of law
makers. The largest organization
within the council is the National
Education Association represent
ing $4,000 school teachers and
administrators. Although the NEA
has a lobbying staff, Mr.. Udall
said the organization has not
come forward and offered to help
get the televiSion bill through the
House.
Both Senator Magnuson and
Mr.. Udall plan to push the tele-
vision bill again next year If 1t
fails in 1858. They agree with DR..
Thomas Clark Pollock of New
York University who said, "Tele-
vision offers the greatest oppor-
tunity for the advancement Of
education since the introduction
Of printing by movable type"
The only official opposition to
the Magnuson bill so far has come
from the Eisenhower administra-
ton. The Department of Health.
Education and Welfare told Sem
ator Magnuson. I'VE have no in
formation indicating that a Fed
eral program is necessary to
assure continuing development Of
educational television. :" SEN
ator Monroney, Democrat Of Okla
homa, characterized the stand as
another administration do-it-
yourself kit"
(copyrisht. 1858. Confessional
Quarterly, Ine.l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29

Telephone Co. Of Maryland in
stalled free of charge. the neceS-
sary coaxial cable to link the
schools. The telephone company
hasn't yet given any cost estimate,
but electronic industry sources
figure it as at least 100000. With
the expansion coming UP this fall,
the costs will mount appreciably.
That's about 1881, 900 spent in
Washington County thus far on
classroom television. And it doesn't
include the cost of wiring build
ings for TV, since this part OF the
project was paid for by the county.
No one is quite sure yet how to
figure the cost of a smaller opera
ton. Industry sources estimate,
however, that for a one-studio
system with two cameras it might
run to $48,850 with film equip
ment, or $33,350 without it. This
allows for $4,000 for the studio,
$3.50 for 10 receivers and 1880
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29
Indignation Moves
In Court Endless

the cloud or uncertainty nhhse
over Central High School.
Here Is q brief chronology OF
Little Rock In the courts:
February 9. 1855; National as
ISOLATION for the Advancement or
Colored Peoples files suit charge
ing "a Negro students were denied
entrance TO Little Rocks white
schools because Of race.
August %. 1855: Federal Dis
trict Judge John E. Miller dis
misses suit. declaring Little Rock
officials acted In good faith In
setting up voluntary intesration
plan.
April q. 1857; Eighth Circuit
Court Of Appeals In st. Louis up
holds Judge Miller in rejecting
NAACP appeal.
August 20. 1857: The Mothers
League Of Central High School
goes into q State court asking
temporary injunction against i'm.
pending desegregation at Central
High. Nine days later, State court
grants the injunction.
August 80. 1851: Federal Judge
Ronald Davies, acting on plea by
NAACP, sets aside State courts
injunction, orders school board to
proceed with plan, and entoins all
interference.
September 3, 1851: Judge
Davies, despite fact that National
Guard surrounds school and pre-
vents entrance to Negroes, orders
integration begin September 4.
September s. 1857: School
board asks Judge Davies for tenn
porary suspension of his order.
September Z, 1857: Judge
Davies refuses, again orders inte-
grafton to proceed.
September 20, 1857; Judge
Davies issues injunction against
Arkansas Gov. Faubus' use OF Ma
tional Guard to foil court order.
February 20, 1858: School board
petitions for a 2ha-year delay.
Judge Harry j. Lemley is as
signed case on April Is, Judge
Davies having returned to his
home bench in North Dakotao
June 3, 1858: Hearings on petit
ton open.
June 81. 1858: Request for 2la.
year delay granted.
June %, 1858: NAACP appeals
to Circuit Court and asks Judge
Lemley to stay his order until APP
peal is decided upon. Judge Lemley
refuses, and NAACP petitions Cir
cult Court for stay.
The NAACP lawyers in Arkan-
sas mailed their plea to the Eighth
Circuit Court in st. Louis on Mon
day. The school board has flve
days after receiving a copy Of the
NAACP motion in which to file q
response.
On Thursday, national NAACP
officials in New York asked the
Supreme Court to grant an i'm
mediate review of Judge Lemley's
ruling. If the Circuit Court refuses
to grant the stay, or If the Su.
preme Court refuses the MACE
plea for immediate review, thu
NAACP could take its request fol
a stay pending appeal directly Il
a single Supreme Court justice.
Although the high court, like thu
Circuit Court. is preparing to ad'
journ for the summer, a single
Justice could act on the stay-bu
not the review-immediately, a
did Justice Douglas in granting
Soviet spies Julius and Ethe
Rosenberg a stay Of their execu'
ton in 1858.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29
TV Education
In the District

BY next fall, the District
School System hopes to have
some form Of educational SCI
ence television produced for
nth and sixth graders in about
IFS elementary schools.
Science lectures viii be held
twice a week and repeated the
following day. On Fridays, there
will be q general discussion OF
science.
The plan. approved by the Dis
trict Board of Education, has
been led by the Greater Wash
ington Television Association.
So far, the television station has
not been selected. Also indef-
mite is the time Of the day the
programs viii be broadcast.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29
Little Rock Case May Give Virginia
A Tip on How to Delay Indignation

to white schools has reached sew.
eral dozen.
Rather than leaning on Little
Rock, it is more likely counsel in
these cases will attempt to hold
of an indignation crisis by other
means.
This has been indicated in
statements made last week by
John s. Battle. jr., counsel for the
Charlottesville School Board.
The attorney, whose father is q
former Virginia Governor and q
member of the Federal Civil Rights
Commission, has announced that
Charlottesville school authorities
are making plans to cope with the
Negro transfers in ways that are
legally defensible."
Charlottesville Plan
The exact nature Of the Char
lottesville plan has not been re-
vealed, but from Mr.. Battles
comments it sounds like the city
intends to rely on some kind Of
pupil assignment program. If this
is the case, students may be as
signed to schools according to
aptitude or scholastic achieve
ment. In this way, the city might
attempt to preserve segregation
and at the same time insist that
the assignments were not made
because of race.
Charlottesville efforts to keep
schools open no doubt has been
spurred by results Of a poll at
one of the white schools where
Negroes are seeking admission.
A majority of the parents who
responded said they would rather
keep the school open with some
Indignation than close the school
altogether.
The new State placement law
is another factor that is apt to
be offered as a new legal defense.
Federal courts have held that
Negroes need not use the original
placement law, citing the other
anti-integration laws as evidence
that 1t was part Of a scheme to
thwart the Supreme Court deseg-
regation decision. The new law,
which took effect last week, Is
yet to be tested.
Lewis S. Pendleton. jr., Rich
mond attorney who Is president
of the pro-segregatlon Defenders
of State Sovereignty and Individ-
ual Liberties in his city, has ex-
pressed the view that the new
placement law will afford the
State at least another round Of
legal delays.
Mr.. Pendleton is head Of a CO.
ordinating committee to main
tain efficient education in Vir'
Rinia, which is working tc
encourage the work Of local cor
porations established to operat'
private schools.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29

q vote, Senator Magnuson told
fellow Senators it was lone Of the
most important this Congress will
pass for the future of education,
particularly in this fast moving
world of physics and science. in
which subjects teachers are hard
to find and in which there can be
some sort of mass education by
use of the new and wondrous
means of television." Senator
Bricker, a conservative, agreed.
The Senate then quickly passed
the Magnuson bill by voice vote.
House Outlook
The Senate enthusiasm for the
television bill did not spill over to
the House. Senator Magnusons
counterpart there, Chairman Oren
Harris of the House Interstate
and Foreign Commerce Commit
tee, has shown no inclination to
push the bill. Currently, he is
busy investigating regulatory
agencies.
Sponsor Of the television bill on
the House side is Representative
Udall, Democrat Of Arizona. He is
a member Of the House Education
and Labor Committee but not OF
the Commerce Committee which
will decide whether to do anything
about the Magnuson bill He is
trying to stir UP enthusiasm
among House members for early
action but does not sound opti-
mistic.
He said obstacles to House pas
sage were the quiet but effective
opposition of the networks and the
crowded agenda of the Commerce
Committee.
Although some educators credit
networks with helping launch edu-
cational television. others claim
networks are doing all they can
to stifle it.
Frieda Hennock. for one, claims
the networks ARE scared to death
Of educational television." She
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29

Congress is moving toward CIV
ing educational television the big
gest boost of its life.
The boost would be in the form
of Federal money to help build
educational television stations.
Each State and the District Of
Columbia would get up to 81 mil
lion each for this purpose. Nom
profit groups as well as State
agencies would be eligible for the
money.
The bill authorizing the Fed
eral grants passed the Senate
May 20 without a murmur Of pro-
test. The next few weeks will tell
whether the House will follow suit.
Up to now Congress has let ed
vocational television struggle for a
foothold unassisted. Through
grants from foundations and in
terested individuals, 80 education
al stations have been built. They
broadcast programs on everything
from arithmetic to zoology.
More Stotions Wonted
But what has educators wiring
ing their hands is that many more
educational stations would be on
the air If there were money to
build them. They complain that
State legislatures. under pressure
from businessmen who want to
get TV channels away from edu-
Gators, are reluctant to appropri-
ate funds to build the stations.
Two Senators in strategic posi-
tons came to the aid Of the edu-
cators-Magnuson. Democrat OF
Washington and Bricker, Repub-
lican of Ohio. They are. respec-
lively, chairman and ranking Re-
publican on the Senate Interstate
and Foreign Commerce Commit
tee. Senator Magnuson sponsored
the bill and Senator Bricker in
dorsed it. 1t was also their COM
mittee which held hearings on
the bill.
When the measure came UP for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29

for distribution equipment. This
appears to be the minimum.
The people in charge Of the
Hagerstown project are well aware
of TVS other great limitation:
It can't replace the classroom
teacher.
Miss Lucille Miller. principal at
Pangborn Elementary, sums it up
this way:
classroom television has many
wonderful possibilities for educa-
ton. But it isn't the great cure
all. 1t calls for more than just
lots of equipment and q baby
sitter for each class. 1t takes plan
ming, teamwork and hard work.
But it can do a great job for US
If we use 1t properly"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29
versus
The 3 Rs

Hearing q hundred times Is not
as good as seeing once.-A Japa-
nese proverb.
One look is worth q thousand
words.-Fred r. Barnard, In
Printers Ink 1921.
Die Augen glauben SIGH selbst, die
Ohren andern Leuten." CThe
eyes believe themselves, the ears
believe other people.)-An old
German proverb.
Men trust their ears less than their
eyes.-Herodotus.
Men trust more fully to their eyes
than to their ears.-Seneca.
Seeing Is believing.-John Clark.
They believe what they see
Plautus.
The eye Is more reliable than the
ear.-Callimachus.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29

The on-again-off again Little
Rock school indignation contro-
versy Is providing q good example
OF how many times the same bait
tie must be fought before the held
Is won.
As four years of repeated legal
roundtrips 10 courthouses have
shown, neither the May n. 1854,
Supreme Court decision outlawing
school segregation nor It's imple-
mentation order q year later has
settled the matter in the South.
Only Is school districts have de-
segregated out Of 1854 in the 10
Southern States where the prob
lem Is most severe.
Forms Of Legal Delay
The delays and the roadblocks
available are as numerous as legal
cunning can conjure Up. Here are
some Of the standard forms:
4 A school district is ordered
- to desegregate by q Federal
court Judge. But the State APP
peals, asking for more time. The
time is gained In the months
required for q case TO go all the
way back up the legal ladder.
= In the meantime. a delaying
Zs device is fashioned in the
State observation-disclosures pupil
placement law is q good example.
When the district again is ordered
to integrate. the new device comes
into play and Is attacked by law
yers representing Negro applicants.
While the device is tested In an
other lengthy course through the
courts, the order to desegregate
is stayed.
Z Here It is possible to repeat
y. Step No. Two all over again
by amending the delay device
(Which ostensibly may be plan
under which desegregation could
be Accomplishment to conform with
court decisions on the matter,
And, this too may be challenged
in the courts.
A When, once again. the district
fs is ordered to integrate it
schools, local officials may go be-
fore q Federal judge-as Little
Rock school officials have sue
cessfully done-and ask for an
other delay on the grounds thai
conditions" have greatly changed
since the original integratior
order In the District Court. II
any case in which an appeal u
taken by local officials, they ma!
ask the court to grant a stay o
execution of its order until tn
appeal is heard in the highe
courts.
= Finally, when all laws set VI
y. to preserve segregation fall
the State may limit its desegre
CATION only to the one specif
school district which has been or
dered to desegregate, despite tn
fact that it may be clear that tn
will of the law applies to tn
entire State. This requires tn
Negroes to go into court distrit
by district, and each case may B
as involved as the first one.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29
BY MARY LOU WERNER
Star Stan Writer

If Virginia segregation is to ben
eft greatly from Little Rocks in
tegration delay, State leaders may
have to swallow bold talk of no in
tegration anywhere, anytime.
The Little Rock School Board
has persuaded Federal Judge
Harry j. Lemley that conditions
may be more favorable for inte-
grated schools in 1861.
"We have tried and could not
now succeed" the mentors Of edu-
cation at Central High School told
the court.
In Virginia, where four commu-
mites face Federal Court orders to
end segregation in the fall, such
a plea hardly seems possible at
present.
The States massive resistance
program fatty forbids Indignation
in public schools supported by
State funds--now, two and half
years from now, or 100 years from
now.
One law automatically closes
school the minute indignation oc-
ours. If the locality manages to
persuade the Governor to permit
reopening of the school. all State
school funds for the locality will
be withheld.
Almond Is Adomont
Gov. Almond, elected on a plat
form dedicated to a continuing
fight to preserve segregation, has
maintained that indignation any,
where means destruction every
where"
When the Little Rock delay was
granted. Gov. Almond quickly
commented that it proved public
education would be destroyed by
indignation. He said he failed to
see how the situation would differ
two and one half years hence.
To use Attorney General Al
bertis s. Harrison's own phrase. a
persuasive effect" would seem
to be the only possible impact Of
the Little Rock delay on the Vir-
ginia situation.
How persuasive that effect may
be could depend on how subtly the
State moves through the next few
months preceding the fall opening
Of school.
The next legal skirmish comes
up July IA, when Federal Judge
Sterling Hutchinson will hear ar
guments on motion by the Ma.
tional Association for the Advance
ment Of Colored People to order
desegregation Of Prince Edward
County schools in September.
Move After DeodIine
Judge Hutchinson previously wal
overruled BY the Fourth Circuit
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29
We have our future to think about.
our kids are growing up in a diff
ferent world than we did"
The Drawbacks

The DFowbocks
Talk to the folks in Hagerstown
long enough and you might get
the idea that classroom TV has
no drawbacks. And that's wrong.
First, it's expensive.
In two years, the Electronics
Industry Association has donated
more than $3.50, 900 worth of equip
ment to the Washington County
system, including All TV sets.
The fund for the advancement
of education, part of the Ford
Foundation, has given the school
board 1881 900 for such things as
the summer work shop that put
the projects in motion, and teacher
training.
The Chesapeake g. Potomac
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29
Little Rock: Step by Step

In the Little Rock saga, from
which other Southern States can
learn much, litigants on one side
or the other have stood before
the Judge ten times-and still
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29

Privately counsel involved In
some of the segregation lawsuits
are not optimistic about much
persuasive" effect from Little
Rock extending to Arlington.
Charlottesville, Norfolk or New
port News.
The desegregation dates have
been set. There has been no
change of State policy since the
last hearings we're held. All four
have been told that beginning in
September no child can be turned
away from school because OF race.
In Arlington's case, SPECIFIC order
has been issued to admit seven
Negroes to four white schools and
Is additional Negroes have applied
for transfer. More than 100 Me-
groes have applied for transfer to
white schools in Norfolk and In
Charlottesville the number Of Me-
gro applicants seeking admission
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29

Court of Appeals when he refused
to set a deadline.
With less emphasis on I'VE
can't do it ever" and more on
I'VE can't do it now" 1t is con-
ceivable the State might succeed
in pushing a desegregation dead
line for Prince Edward beyond this
September.
BY his previous refusal to set
deadline, Judge Hutchinson indi-
Gated q sympathetic attitude to-
ward the Southside Virginia COM
munity where white parents have
vowed to educate their children
privately rather than submit to
Indignation.
He took note Of local condi-
tions, commenting that any action
which might cause racial mixing
in Prince Edward schools, thereby
closing them. would be injurious
to children Of both races.
In reversing Judge Hutchinson,
the appellate court did not tell
him what deadline to set. But 1t
was made clear there should be
no dilly- dallying because Of the
school-closing threat.
1.-THE fact that the schools might
be closed If the order were en-
forced is no reason for not en-
forcing it," the appellate court
said. "a person may not be denied
enforcement Of rights to which he
is entitled under the Constitution
of the United States because Of
action taken or threatened In de-
flance of such rights"
Fall desegregation headlines al
ready have been set for Arlington,
Charlottesville, Norfolk and New
port News. In the case Of the
latter city, a technically remains
to be argued because Newport
News is merging with the city OF
Warwick on July /.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29

Judge Hutchinson previously was
overruled by the Fourth Circuit
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-29

children UnoereStlmoteo
Mrs. Cramer is a sixth grade
classroom teacher who takes over
where Mrs. Vance leaves of.
mo teacher could possibly pre-
pare and present the material
Mrs. Vance does, and still teach a
class" she says. There Just
aren't that many hours in a day.
THE pupils are being offered
more, and they're learning more.
The one thing this experiment has
proven to me is that we aren't de-
manding enough of our children.
They are capable of learning
much more than we're giving
them-and television is bringing
this out.
MY students are showing ire
The people's voice., 1958-11-07
Dairy Industry Week at MISC
TO Be November i7-f9

| ZEMAN-Offering a program
designed to be of interest to both
dairy professors and dairy farmers
the twenty-third annual Dairy Indus
try Week will be held November IL
to 10 at Montana State College.
The three-day session will also in
clude dairy products show, state
forage show, the annual meeting of
the Montana Purebred Dairy Cattle
Association, and a meeting of the
American Dairy Association of Mon
tana.
To bring professors up to date on
new developments in the manufac-
turing and marketing of dairy prod
ucts, a number of authorities in the
industry from Montana and out of
state will appear on the program
along with staff members of the MISC
dairy industry department.
The sessions for professors will
continue through all three days, start
ing at 9 am. November II.
New this year on the program for
professors will be an ice cream clinic
at which the latest developments in
the manufacture of this product will
be described. The clinic will be held
November 10.
The dairy production program, No
vember 18 and 10, will deal largely
with the growing and feeding of for
age crops. Taking part will be Mon
tana Agricultural Experiment Station
workers and specialists from the Mon
tant Extension Service.
Other features of the three-day
event will be a tour of MSC's new
experimental dairy center west of
the campus, smorgasbord luncheon
and the annual Dairy Industry Week
banquet.
The people's voice., 1958-11-07

At one time there was a voter OF
extremely bad temper because his
wife wasn't listed as a taxpayer anG
of course l could see his point but
there are lots of them in the same
category and haggling with us judges
is no cure. | took the easy way out
and told him that they are crooked
down at the courthouse.
After eight at night the locks came
off the big tin boxes and the ballot
names were chanted over and over.
The tally books went one, two, three,
four, tally, on into the night. The
janitor gave me the key to lock the
school when we left, but he was opti-
mistic. l handed the key back unused
in the morning.
There was a couple of technical
boo-boOs made but the six ladies and
will sit in Jail forever before we
would reveal what they were. The
mistakes were not in the matter of the
count so don't think that any candi-
date received a rough go from us.
There was a lot of real nutty jazz
about the voting machines before the
election and as it is always, none of
the noisemakers ever sat at a tally
chant. The machlaes are okay but
the judges should be paid for coming
one hour early to get their signals
straight, but giving an extra buck to
a judge will happen after the second
coming of Christ.-F.S.