davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE

new constitution proposed by Pre-
mier Gen, Charles de Gaulle. Vot-
ing continued yesterday. with the
large cities casting ballots today
along with the rest of the French
Union.
The new constitution, creating a
Fifth Republic for France. is eX-
pected to win overwhelming APP
prevail despite determined oppose
ton led by former Premier Pierre
Mendes-F France and other political
leaders. Under its provisions,
France will have a strong execu-
tive, able to formulate and imple-
ment policy without dependence
on the volatile National Assembly,
whose role will be much reduced.
But the condition that brought
Gen. de Gaulle to power and
started the wheels Of government
reform, the Algerian revolt, con-
tinues. Terrorism and sabotage all
over metropolitan France kept
gendarmes and troops busy again
last week; a time bomb set to blast
the famed Eiffel Tower in Paris
was disarmed safely, but Algerian
Nationalist bombed utility plants
and storage yards and machine
gunned official cars in several
cities.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
Middle East:
New Regime

In Beirut, ancient and beautiful
capital Of busy Lebanon, a new
President was inaugurated last
Tuesday. Gen. Fouad Chehab,
popular commander of Lebanon's
small army, succeeded the con-
troversial, pro-Western Camille
Glamour, and promptly an
nounced a coalition cabinet. But
hopes that the new administration
would bring an end to the violence
that has torn Lebanon since last
May and brought intervention by
United States armed forces were
quickly dashed.
Troops patrolled the streets Of
the capital and a 24-hour curfew
was enforced as members Of the
Christian Falange, militant or
ganization of Maronite Christians,
called for a general strike to pro-
test the appointment Of Rashid
Kara1ni, a Moslem, pro-NasSer
rebel leader, as the new Premier.
President Chehab is continuing
DR.. Charles Malik. a sturdy friend
of the West, as Lebanon's delegate
to the United Nations. But the
political orientation of the chehab
administration is considered GER
tain to be much closer to pam
Arabisnl, as represented by the
United Arab Republics President
Nasser, than to the West. A Greek
Catholic, Philip Takla, Is the new
foreign minister; he is considered
a moderate but opposed Mr..
Glamour.
The action of the Christian Fa-
LANCE in opposing Mr.. Karami as
Premier reflects the radical shift
in the political balance of-power
in the half Christian, half Moslem
nation. For many years, on an
informal but traditional basis, top
government positions have been
divided equally between Moslems
and Christians. But the influx Of
Palestinian refugees into Lebanon
since l948 has increased the Mos
lem population significantly, and
the refugees are almost solidly
pro-Nasser.
Gen. Chehab has named a cabi-
net in conformance with the half
and-half tradition: -Four Chris
tians, three Moslens, and one
Druse Ca mountain sect active in
the present rebellion). But both
the President and the Premier are
Moslems, departure from the
arrangement. In addition, the
Premier, Mr., Karami, holds the
key posts of Interior and Defense,
which control the police and the
armed forces.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
British Position

Mr.. Lloyd told the Assembly that
whatever may be the juridical
aspects of the current controversy,
/ believe that the whole interna-
tional community should join in
insisting that this matter should
not be settled by force. And Mr..
Coure de Murville, well known in
Washington, where he served as
Ambassador, observed that if a
solution could not be found in
negotiations between the United
States and Communist China. sit
would be up to the United Nations
organization to take cognizance of
the conflict and to attempt to end
it in the spirit of the Charter"
In Warsaw, the talks between
American Ambassador to Poland
Jacob Beam and Communist
China'S Ambassador Wang Ping
nan continued. But they appeared
to be getting nowhere, and the
Peiping radio bluntly described
cthe talks as a failure So far.
Neither of the conferees would
say what progress, if any, was
being made. But neither would
admit despair, and the talks-as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
The Background

Other interpretations, not ex-
GLIDING those Of persons with less
partisan interest than Democratic
Chairman Paul Butler, had the
support of the sworn record Of
the House subcommittee investi-
eating the regulatory agencies.
That record showed:
Q That Mr.. Adams called mem
bers Of regulatory commissions on
behalf of Bernard Goldfine, a
friend whose businesses were in hot
water with the agencies and who
had demonstrated his friendship
with Mr.. Adams by giving the AS
Sistant to the President a vicuna
coat and an expensive rug and
paying over $4,000 worth of hotel
bills Mr.. Adams and his family
had run up.
Q That Mr.. Adams, with his calls
from the White House, did get
results favorable to Mr.. Goldflne:
A recommendation by a career
officer of the Federal Trade Com
mission that a Goldfine company
be brought to court for mislabel-
ing its products was disregarded
after Mr.. Adams had evidenced
an interest in the case.
AS for his charges that he had
been a victim Of campaign of
utilization. the record (this one
made by numerous notable Re-
publicans) indicated otherwise.
The real pressure for his resig-
nation came from beleaguered
G. o. P. Notwithstanding of
New York, Goldwater Of Arizona,
Potter of Michigan, Steinle Of
Wisconsin, among others-who
feared that, as a result of the
Adams case, they might suffer the
same fate as that of defeated Re-
publican Senator Payne of Maine.
Many had demanded his resig-
nation months before the Maine
election.
Mr.. Adams, Of course, was
referring to the Democratic
controlled House subcommittee
which stirred up all the fuss, but
there were Democrats who pre-
tended to wonder if he had meant
to say that his vilifiers were Re-
publieans.
From the viewpoint of Repub-
ican candidates facing the voters
there was much to be desired in
the manner in which the whole
business was handled. There was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
Issue Not Stressed

Actually, the Adams issue has
not been played loudly in any
campaign. No Democrat has used
it as a central issue and none has
based his campaign on a cry of
corruption" Nevertheless it is
an issue, and in States such as
Michigan, West Virginia and Con-
necticut, where Republicans face
tough fights, it could mean the
difference between victory and
defeat.
Yesterday. the White House an
nounced the appointment of Mai.
Gen. Wilton B. Persons, an Ala
bamian, as successor to Mr., Ad-
ans, Gen. Persons, as deputy
assistant to the President in
charge of congressional relations,
has, unlike Mr.. Adams, many
friends in Congress.
The whole influence issue was
even further dramatized last week
by the indictment of former Fed
eral Communications Commits
sioner Richard A. Mack-who,
ironically, had been fired by Mr..
Adams after serious questions had
been raised about Mr.. Mack's con-
duct in the award of a Miami
television channel.
Mr.. Mack was indicted on
charges of receiving money and
other gifts for his vote on award
ing the lucrative channel. Also
indicted was his friend, Miami
attorney Thurman A. Whiteside,
who admitted that he had loaned
Mr.. Mack money from time to
time. Mr.. WhiteSide was repre-
senting one of the applicants for
the channel.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
Eisenhower Speeches

President Eisenhower, in agree
ing to speak in behalf of Republic
can candidates next month in
California. could have chosen
much less difficult terrain on
which to support G. o. P. forces
going TO battle in November.
Once again the President will be
laying his reputation on the line
in a struggle in which the odds are
against him and in which he
stands to lose much.
Can he support Senator Know
land without mentioning the labor
issue upon which the Senator,
aspiring to the governorship, has
built his campaign? If he backs
Senator Knowlands plea for re-
strictive labor legislation, where
does that leave the COP. can
didate for the Senate, Gov. Good
win Knight. who openly disagrees
with the Senator on the question
and who enjoys not little labor
support? But if the President
lodges the issue. how can that
help Senator Knowland?
If Mr.. Eisenhower can solve
that dilemma. his party m ig hit
benefit materially from the firm
stand the administration has
taken-and which Senator Know
land heartily indorses-in the
FornoSa Strait. California, for
geographic reasons, is considera-
bly, more sensitive tosthe Chinese
Nationalist cause than is much of
the rest of the country Thus, it is
believed, Mr.. Eisenhower's no.
retreat Formosa policy is more
popular than elsewhere.
The President also offered other
help to Western Republicans last
week when he ordered the impo-
Sition of import quotas on lead and
zinc at 80 per cent of the l953-'57
average. These industries currently
are in a distressed condition Dust
as are some Republican candidates
from Western lead and zinc
States.
Imposition of the protective
quotas, however, brought some
outcries from those who regarded
the action as sabotaging the
good neighbor" policy with
Latin America One of the coun-
tries most adversely affected by
the quotas is Peru, who last week
bitterly protested that it would
cost her economy some 5000 mil
lion a year. Other criticism was
heard from Canada. Australia and
Great Britain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
Plans for Algeria?

Gen. de Gaulle haSsso far kept
his plans to control the revolt in
Algeria to himself. Western diplo-
mats, however, fear an about
French campaign to suppress the
rebellion will destroy what is left
OF Western prestige in the entire
Middle East and North Africa,
strengthen the pan-Arab leader
ship of the UAR's President Mas
ser, and lose Morocco and Tunisia
as supporters of the West.
In Cairo Friday, the newly
created Provisional Government
in-exile of the Republic of Algeria,
now recognized formally by almost
all the Arab nations and by Com
muniSt China, offered to negotiate
with France for an end to terror
ism and armed rebellion. But
Premier Ferhat AbbaS, holding a
press conference accompanied by
10 of his 10 ministers, made it
plain that negotiations must be
predicated on independence for
Algeria. algeria is not France. y
said Mr.. Abbas.
French citizens all over the
world are entitled to vote in the
referendum today, wherever they
may be. In addition, the people
Of French colonies and depend
encies have the right, through a
mon" vote, to signify their desire
to secede from the French Union.
Algerians, however, are excluded
from this provision, since French
policy insists that Algeria is an
integral part of the Metropolitan
France.
Gen. de Gaulle wound up a
logged, three-week campaign Fri
day with an appeal to Frenchmen
everywhere to vote reSounding APP
proval of the new constitution.
Voters held in their hands the
destiny of France" said the Gen.
eral dramatically. and the new
Fifth Republic will be able ito
conduct France toward the reno
walton for which she has now the
means"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
continued from PaEe AIS

nationwide TV on Monday eve
ming to announce that he was
going to relinquish his powerful
position at the Presidents right.
was as insistent as ever that he
had done no wrong and that he
had been the victim of, a cam
paign of vilihcation."
This, of course, was not the
most objective analysis of the
celebrated Adams affair.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
About Hommorskjold

In the delegates lounge, there
was a new spate of talk to the eff
feet that the Assembly would be
quick to send Secretary General
Dag HammarSkjold, already vet
eran of such challenges, to Peiping
in an effort to work out peace
able arrangement in the event
that the talks in Warsaw ended
in a stalemate. as they seemed
likely to do. Whether such solu-
ton, or a try at one in this man
ner. would be acceptable to either
the United States or the Commu-
mist Chinese was not assured. But
the general attitudes expressed
among the U. N. delegations
seemed to indicate that the effort
would be made.
When President Eisenhower adj
dressed the Nation two weeks ago
on the Far Eastern crisis, he said
that the United States, after a
cease-fire, would be willing to dis
cuss situations that could be
"thorns in the side of peace" Mr..
Dulles, in his address Thursday,
repeated that possibly significant
offer. He said that 80 far as we
are concerned, we would find ac-
ceptable any arrangement which,
on the one hand, did not involve
surrender to force or the threat Of
force, and, on the other hand,
eliminated from the situation fea-
lures that could reasonably be re-
garded as provocative. or which
were. to use President Eisenhower's
words, a thorn in the side Of
peace"
To many observers, the Secre-
tary's words implied a willingness
to discuss the removal of Quemoy
and the MatSus, only four TO eight
miles of China's coast, as a
thorn" But others we're quick to
note the Dulles qualifying phrase.
spoken before the provocative"
sentence: President Eisenhower
and I have made clear that in
these talks we would not be a
party to any arrangements which
would prejudice the rights Of our
trusted and loyal ally, the Repub-
lie of China"
There was no indication last
week that any agreed-upon solu-
ton to the Formosa Strait crisis.
worked OUT between Communist
China and the United States,
would meet with the approval of
the Republic of China. All evil
denceS in Taipei were to the con-
trary. But many close to the crisis
we're careful to remind newsmen
that Chang Kai-shek was most
unlikely to attempt too stubborn
an opposition to any arrangement
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
Red China at U. N.

The weeks developments in the
F0fmosa Strait took place against
d background of a new Illustration
Tor Communist China-refusal by
The United Nations General AS
sembly to debate, this year, the
question Of membership for the
Peiping government in the inter-
national organization. But this
years Assembly vote was of little
comfort to the United States even
though the final tally was an
american victory.
Following a IL to 7 vote, with
two abstentionS, in the Assembly
Steering Committee the previous
week, the entire Assembly voted on
nesday to postpone any consider
ZION in this session of the Com
lnnniSt Chinese bid for member
ship. But the vote was A to %,
with nine abstentions. Since the
ahstainers were nations friendly to
THE United States but unhappy
with the Dulles policy toward
Communist China, the vote could
be said to have been A for the
American position, and 81 against
tia marrow margin indeed.
The Assembly vote undefscored
a general wave of unhappiness,
even among the staunchest allies
of the United States, over the
dangerous situation in the Formo-
sa Strait Britain and France, with
the United States comprising the
"Big Three as the keystone of the
VESTS defenses against Commu-
mist aggression. joined through
their foreign ministers in insisting
that the FormoSa crisis be settled
without force.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
THE NATIONAL SCENE

a general impression that the res
ignation had come after all pos
Sible damage had been done,
There were some in the party who
had believed the issue had been
obscured by the segregation con-
troversy and developments in the
Middle East and Far East. But
now, with the resignation coming
in the middle of the campaigns,
it can be expected to refresh the
public's memory of the case.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
Others Are Accused

Meanwhile, two top Democrats.
Florida Senator Smathers and
Pittsburgh Mayor David Lawrence.
who is also q candidate for the
Senate. were accused by an in
vestigator for the Harris subcom-
mittee of making improper con-
facts with FEC commissioners in
a contest for a Pittsburgh TV
channel.
Mayor Lawrence readily ad-
mitted writing a letter to Com
missioner Robert T. BARLEY con-
corning the case. adding that "as
Mayor of Pittsburgh, I have fought
consistently and vigorously for
additional television channels for
this area. :"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28

FEC regulations forbid of the
record representations to its mem
bers while cases are in adiudica-
ton.
But on Thursday, Chairman
Harris of the House subcommittee
said that neither Senator Smath-
ers nor Mayor Lawrence had done
anything improper in connection
with the case.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
Most Are U. S. Employees

of yesterday-were scheduled to
continue.
1t was increasingly plain last
week that the U.N. General AS
sembly was prepared to add the
Formosa Strait crisis to its al
ready-crowded agenda for this
regular session. Although United
States spokesman were repeating
their intention to bring the con-
troversy before the Assembly if
the Warsaw talks failed, it was
almost equally plain that Mr..
Dulles hoped fervently that such
a course would not be necessary.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28

Continued from Page A-2S
portedly was attempting to serve
IS an Intermediary in an effort
to work out a cease-flre. Since
Britain recognizes the Peiping
4 government, Mr.. Lloyd is in a
position to talk directly with both
sides.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28
Universal Education
Not a Dixie Tradition

denied on the ground that IL
would be used TO educate the
Negro.
The feeling on the part Of some
Virginia officials that they would
rather not have school houses II
1t means that Negroes will attend
also is not new. One Of the first
Federal aid to education bills, in
troduced by a New Hampshire
Senator-while actually defeated
by the liberal" Northern press
met a stiff Southern opposition
based on the still familiar fear
that Federal aid meant Federal
control. and possibly. migration.
The hostile attitude toward
public education in Virginia and
the rest Of the South that had its
inception In the Reconstruction
era was nurtured along in Virginia
BY the State Democratic organiza-
ton.
The ancestor Of todays Byrd
organization was the Martin
machine" bossed by Senator
Thomas S. Martin Of Charlottes-
vile. 1t was at its peak around the
turn of the century, and was fol-
lowed by the organization led by
Senator Claude Swanson, which
in turn was succeeded by the pres
ent organization.
AS in many States-North and
South-in Senator Martins day.
Virginia politics was dominated
to a large degree by railroads that
gave more than adequate financial
support to the machine. The rail-
roads opposed anything more than
token taxation, for schools or any
thing else, and their will carried
always-and with ease, especially
since Senator Martin himself was,
among other things. a railroad
director.
In 1909 railroad attorney was
elected Governor in a race in
which better schools was a cen
trail issue, and in which once again.
Virginians expressed their lack Of
concern for public education. The
new Governor, William H. Mann,
obviously held to the belief that
an education, whether little or
great, sis dangerous thing"
Observed the Governor: Il am not
an educator. but passing along the
roads in the country and the
streets in the cities it seems to me
the children going to school have
too many books"
Politics and Educators
For decades the post Of State
superintendent Of schools was
handed out to unframed men,
often mere hacks, as a reward for
fidelity and service to the party.
One, who served for eight years
expressed some deep reservations
over the idea of taxing people for
schools. Another would have no
part OF money offered to aid State
education from Northern philan-
thropistS.
Richard. E. Byrd. father of the
present Senator, won one cam
paign so years ago with an attack
on a State board of education that
had fought vigorously for improved
public schools. Until the begin
ming of World War l, educators
and State school boards were
haTTied almost annually with
threats and attempts by the Leg
islature to expose
The whole idea of universal free
education in Virginia has history
of struggle And to the $4,000 Vir-
ginia school children who are now
feeling the effects of this historic
attitude through the operation of
the school closing law, the struggle
obviously is not ended.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-09-28

bassy official designated as cul-
tural attache. Instead they ar
range for distinguished educators
and cultural leaders to lecture
and travel in the United States
under private auspices such as
the glish-Speaking Union.
They Are Hord to Find
The USIA, which chooses the
cultural attaches, has great diff
Guilty in recruiting outstanding in
dividuals. especially for the most
important posts. who can ade-
quately transmit the pulse Of our
cultural life. Nine men were APP
preached before one could be
found to serve as cultural attache
in a major Western European cap
ital. In order to fill such posi-
ton it frequently is necessary to
select men who are not up to their
responsibilities and opportunities.
Few of those now serving have a
recognized reputation even in this
country.
That too many Of our cultural
representatives are inadequately
uualif1ed for their-important duties
is being increasingly noticed by
Americans prominent in the sca-