davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-08
WAVE OF THE FUTURE
Balance of Power
In Asia and Africo
BY WILLIAM r.. FRYE
Special Writer for The star

UNITED NATIONS N. YSeen perspective of decades
rather than weeks what at stake for the
Western World in North Africa is this question:
Community maintain strong cohesive
alliance without actions and policies which fatally weaken its
ties Africa Ashland thus risk the
Communist rule?
There deepening feeling here the that the two-thirds
Of the world Africa astrde
The Charta the Renaissance industrial revolution
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-08
THE FOREIGN SCENE.

the debate until Tuesday without
taking action Prospects were
slim that the Council would then
do more than call on all parties
to the dispute to settle their diff
ferences peaceably.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-08
CROSSROADS
Lebanon: Three Thousand Years Of Strife

ties has created much bitterness
In the ranks of Moslems. who
claim that they now outnumber
the Christians.
As q Christian Nation
Lebanon's status as q primarily
Christian country made it unique
among the dependencies of the
Ottoman Turks, who ruled the
entire Middle East from the fall
of Christian constantineple in
1883 until the end of the First
World War. From the time of
the CruSades, the Christian ma
tons of Europe, encouraged good
relations with Lebanon, both as
a means Of re-establishing Chris
tan control of the Holy Land, and
in order to promote trade with
the East. The main device for
the penetration of Lebanon by
Europe was, not unnaturally, mis-
sionary activity. First the Jesuits,
and later other sects, established
schools and missions, and by the
middle of the 18th century, with
the acquiescense of a weakened
Ottoman Empire, were firmly
rooted in Lebanon.
Each major religious group
could count on the support Of
some Western power. The British,
for example. as early as 1890,
took the Druzes under their pro-
lection. The Maronites were the
special province of the French,
and to strengthen the relation
ship. Maronite college was
established in Rome to educate
Lebanon's Maronite clergy. The
Russians claimed the right to pro-
tect the Greek Orthodox Church,
not only in Lebanon, but in the
entire Middle East.
When fighting broke out in the
middle of the 10Th century be-
tween the Druzes and the Maron-
ties, the g-standing connection
of the European powers with Leb-
anon gave them an excuse to
intervene. The combined power
of Great Britain. Austria, Prussia.
Russia and France forced the
Turks to grant Lebanon semi
independence in 1860, with its
sovereignty to be guaranteed by
these powers and reluctant Turkey
itself.
MosIem DiIution
After the first World War, the
mountain territory of Lebanon
was expanded to include the pre-
dominantly Moslem cities of Bel
rut, Tripoli. Tyre and Sidon. In
retrospect, many Christians doubt
the wisdom of that acquisition,
since the former Christian ma
jority of Mount Lebanon was sud-
denly diluted by the addition Of
large numbers of Moslems. Recent
events have borne out the Chris
tians' fears: The present conflict
in Lebanon began with a strike
in Tripoli, and spread to Beirut
and Sidon, while the mountain
communities have remained rel
atively quiet.
When the Ottoman Empire dis
integrated following World War I.
the Allies were faced with the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-08

problem of what TO do with the
liberated Arab countries. Britain
had promised the Arabs inde-
pendence. Britain had also prom
Used the Jews a national home In
Palestine. Neither Of these prom
Uses was fulfilled. Both Britain
and France were. in fact, deter
mined to hang on to the military.
economic and political advantages
they had won in the war. A pleb-
iscite, held in the Middle East in
1919 to determine the wishes of
the people, learned that the great
majority of the Arabs preferred
complete independence. However,
If the Allies insisted on imposing
mandate on the Arabs. they pre-
ferred that the Americans exer-
else it OF. if the Americans refused.
the British. They would accept
the French only with extreme re-N
luctance. AS it turned out, the
results Of the plebiscite were ig-
nored, President Wilson decided
that the United States should not
become involved in colonial ad-
ventures. and the Arab nation
was forthwith carved up into 1lve
artificial areas. Britain admin
istered Iraq, Transjordan and
Palestine, and France governed
Syria and Lebanon. The last for
eign troops didn't leave until the
expulsion of Gen. John B. Club,
leader of the Arab Legion, from
Jordan in 1856.
President Wilson's decision to
keep the United States out of the
Middle East confirmed the high
regard most Arabs felt for Amer
lea. 1t is safe to say that never
before in history did the inhabi-
tants of one land have such af-
lection for those of another, and
with good reason.
Lebonon's Middle Course
Lebanon, though generally shar-
ing the sentiments of Arabs VISA
Wis the West, has continued to
steer a middle course between the
two great political currents of the
goth century. On the one hand, it
applauds the successes of Canal
Abdul Nasser in gaining conces-
sions from the great powers, who
have so long dominated the Arab
countries. On the other, it. hesi-
tates to make any move which will
ALLEVIATE the West. for in the final
analysis. trade with the West is
its lifeblood.
The problem uppermost in the
minds of the Lebanese today Is
whether events will force their
country into some sort of union
with the United Arab Republic.
Supporters of pan-Arabism,
most Of them Moslems, insist that
such a union is a natural and
welcome extension of the fuSing
of Egypt and Syria into a single
state. Opponents of union, pre-
dominantly non-Moslem, argue
that Lebanon s-and the Middle
East'S - best interests will be
served by keeping Lebanon out
side the union, maintaining its
position as a bridge between East
and West.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-08

There was speculation that. In
the unlikely event the new nomi-
nee is not named chairman, Acc
Commissioner Harold Vance might
be elevated to the post.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-08
The Acc:
Exit Strauss

There are few areas of public
policy today that do not include
consideration of the atom-both
the peaceful atom and the mill
tary atom. Consequently, the man
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-08
BY DANIEL DA CRUZ
an..,.l wr,,.r ,or ~. a,..


BEIRUT.-At the mouth OF the
Dog River, nine miles north Of
this Lebanese capital, there are 10
inscriptions chiseled in the cliffs
facing the sea. Each comment
crates the conquest Of this vital
trade center between East and
West by a foreign power.
The first was carved by the SOL
diers of the Egyptian Pharoah
Ramses II more than 5000 years
ago. In the footsteps Of Ramses
came the legions of Nebuchad-
nezzar, Alexander the Great,
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, the
Crusaders. Saladin, Tamerlane.
Napoleon III, De Gaulle's Free
French, and a horde Of lesser
military powers.
These stark stone inscriptions
are a constant reminder Of the
vulnerability of Lebanon. They
testify to the strategic importance
of this strip Of coastline on the
Eastern Mediterranean, and en-
phasize why Lebanon, which has
brought its present troubles to
the United Nations, continues to
be everybody's business.
The secret of Lebanon's survival
as a fairly independent nation
even when occupied by foreign
troops-has been due to highly
developed instinct for compromise,
a sure knowledge of the precise
point where the possible ends and
the impossible begins. Where
greater nations were wiped out by
foreign military forces, Lebanon
has out-traded, out-witted, and
above all, cultivated Its enemies,
and managed to do a respectable
business even in the worst Of
times.
Troders for 5000 Years
The Lebanese have been traders
ever since the Phoenicians made
their appearance nearly 5000
years ago. The mechantile tradi-
ton has noC oiSmlnisheo down TO
modern times. Beirut has long
since replaced Tyre and Sidon as
the principal crossroads of trade
between East and West. Producing
little itself. it acts as the middle
man and transshipping agent for
Eastbound manufactured goods of
America and Europe including
some of the Iron Curtain coun-
tries). and Westbound raw mate
rails of the Arab states, especially
crude oil.
About the size of the State of
Connecticut, Lebanon consists of
a sea coast with several excellent
harbors, and two ranges of noun
tains paralleling the Mediter-
ranean with a narrow strip of fer
tile land between.
Lebanon's chief export is peo-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-08

true that everyone in Lebanon be-
longs to a minority. Lebanon de-
rives its strength from that fact.
Since no single group is powerful
enough to rule. every public issue
must be solved by compromise
just as Lebanon's present troubles
. will undoubtedly be solved by
compromise rather than complete
victory for one party or another.
No Spirit Of Compromise
One need only glance at the dis
tribution of Offices in the govern
ment of Lebanon to see how all
pervasive is the spirit of compro-
mise and. the balance of power.
According to unwritten. but faith
fully observed, law, the President
of the republic must be Chris
tan Tin practice, he must belong
to the Maronite sect. The Prime
Minister must be Moslem "a
Sunni Moslem, not a Shi a Mos
LEM. The president Of the Cham
Der of Deputies Cparliament) must
be a Shi "a, and the membership
of the Chamber of Deputies itself
is based on the proportional rep
resentation of the various SectS.
So carefully was the balance Of
power calculated by the trainers
of the constitution on the basis of
the census of 1892. that no further
census has been taken. In that
year, the population Of Lebanon
was 7S5.543: conservative esti-
mates put Lebanon's present popu-
lation at over is million. This
lofty disregard of statistical reali-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-06-08
NEARBY VOTES

Votes of the Maryland and Vir-
Rinia legislators in Congress last
week,
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-10-07

All have to do pick the winners the listed each
This The getting the right first prize
best. second ond forth.
two tebreokers % the closest the ootuo the
FHS and hot doesn't beok the w
HompdenS Sydney Use this Official entry
blonk NO OTHER MEANS OF ENTERING WILL BE ACCEPTED
Check the each I'D and MOL FOOTBALL
CONTEST The Formvie Herold BY
Judges Decision Fino.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-10-07

Mr. Snead now enioves the com
forts Of a missing home and the rest
mat hard working and success
lui farmer deserves An enthusiasts
nc follower Of fox hounds. his
friends IN Buckingham county re-
call his fox hunting expeditions that
ranged from his boyhood until two
years ago.
He lived in Flnvanna county un-
I'll the death OF his wife In l945.
the former Miss Rosa Melton whom
he married in 1906 FIVE children.
Is grandchildren and 10 great
grandchildren are living T he e
children visit him attentively but
their visits do moi interfere with
his avid interest in baseball. par
ticularly the World Series on TV.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-10-07

a total OF Is $50 600 pounds that
haze Decn bought ioi BIT program
since July !
Prices Oh turkeys IN the Shenan-
doah Valley were about steady this
week with supplies adequate. The
small type turkey flyers were "a to
n ~ cents Heavy type hen ttr
keys were ID cents and heavy type
toms we're u To p II cents a
pound 4 iest plices We're about a
penny and 4 hail below Iowa
prices
Don't expect much Improvement
III egR prices III the next Two to
three weeks. There may be some
MINOR fluctuations WIN slight
price decrease but no price
increase IS in sight.
Eggs are still undergoing a per
tod Of price adjustment on the mar
ket. and this may continue for
several more weeks New York
markets this week are rejecting
some price fluctuations due to the
maritime strike which has affected
the export market
The egg markets were lower for
the third consecutive week How
ever, receipts iii four Virginia mar
kots Increased SIX per cent III Sep
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-10-07
Farm Price
Outlook
Is
Turkeys

Turkeys
Turkey producers can look for
prices around THANKSGIVING TO be
as good as OF better than last year
Watch for slight Strengthening Of
Price by md October and another
price squirt around The FIRST ol No
ytInhrr
Heavy breed supply Is Increasing
and VIII reach the peak about the
FIRST 81 November. but ! ~ h /
breeds moved onto their peak dur
ms the last week Ill September
Both heavy and liPht breeds going
Ia market win be lower in volume
fpf the next two months ~ that
means that marFelinRS INTO ma
vember Win be somewhat shorter
than w the past two years
the Virginia supply Of hcavcs IS
short compared 10 the national
picture Virginia is down - per
cent from last year and the nation
IL down three per cent Slaughter
Of the heavy breeds for the nation
n down fol- tho first three weeks
of September rs compared 70 a
ycar ago And future markctlngS.
based On placements viii also BE-
less than last year for another
month or two
Government buying for the school
lunch program continues Last
We@E | 200 700 pounds " dressed
turkey were bought by the y s.
lot thls PROGRAM AZ prices ranging
from III a3 cents III Utah u 1898
cents III South Carolina This makes
iail Supt Carney reports there Is
i a biz vacuum to BIZ filled IN know
edEe Of thr Oh government seat,
which was DESTROYED by fine lib 1892
The Park Service strives for com
Hlatc accuracy III It's reStoratlons
and any reliable information on the
interior Or exterior VIII be wei
coined
Pictures. letters containing de-
sciipliYe phrases u arrangement
details and similar information All,
desIrrd and persons WIN such art
asked M contact the Park Service
The same information is desired
about the jail Ii sui stands. bu'
The biz question is one Of authenti
city How did il look, inside ane
out IN 1862 That is the informa
ton required FIR accurate restora
tion
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-10-07
Celebration Honors
Samuel p. Snead On
His 91st Birthday

A recent celebration was held in
Suffolk In observance of the 9lst
birthday of Samuel p Snead re-
tired farmer Present for the fes
tive occasion were his daughter.
Mrs 3 + Seay, ms sranddauph-
ter, Mrs Russell Davis. and his
great grandson. Seay Davis. Of Dnl-
wyn. among others. The celebration
was enjoyed by the Youngest and
the eldest though the difference in
their ages represented 30 years.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-10-07
AppOmattOX National Historical Park
Visitor Stream, Restoration Continue

Visitor attendance at Appomat-
tox National Historical Park is run
ming fully equal 10 the pace Of
1857 when over 10000 people estah-
lished new high. according to II
A. Quincy. superintendent
Keeping pace with the visitor
trend at the historical site afc
restoration activities. A current
project is the Tavern Guest House
where soon-to be-completion Will
add an important addition to attrac
tons at the old village.
The house was originally
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-10-07

the u s. Navy under the High
School Graduate Electron,c pro-
gram. which assures him one Of the
Navy trade schools ia the E.lec-
He Is now undergoing nine weeks
Of basic training at the Naval
Training Center. Great Lakes. Ill
Before entering the Navy. Earl was
employed by Roses 5 and 10
Store Of Iarmvllle Earl graduated
from Carter g. Woodson High
school III DlIlWvn
Government estimates rebels hold
quarter Of Lebanon
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1958-10-07

caused the large increase IN acre
age harvested for seed lius year
Production for the nation " also
up. Estimates indicate that h If
q s crop viii b. ~ per cent
above the crop for last year
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-17
Star stan Photo.

st. Louis art museum-a gift
from actor Vincent Price,"
Mrs. vanderbroucke' said.
@Mr. Price had bought it
from q Mme. Revier in Paris
some years ago." she related.
Again it is an unpublished
piece Of work and its signif-
icance was lost" she said.
Since both Of these works
were written during Gau-
gums latter life in Tahiti,
it proves that he did not
live his last days in de-
hatchery" she went on.
Instead. he was trying
very hard to reconcile modern
scientific philosophic concepts
with Christian DOGMA" Mrs.
Vanderbroucke said.
Her most important dis
coveries. however. were those
dealing with Gauguin's per-
sonal life. the scholar re-
ported.
The personality Of the
artist has been grossly mis-
understood and most writings
about him have been quite
unjust" Mrs. Vanderbroucke
claims.
She says that much of the
misunderstanding concerning
Gauguin has been due to the
popular novel, THE Moon
and Sixpence," written by
the English novelist Somer-
set Vaughan. y
This book is generally be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-17

at being asked to leave home,
according to Mrs. Wander.
broucke.
She said some Of her other
discoveries revealed that, de-
spite some writings to the
contrary. Gauguin had a fine
education. that he was a
high-ranking officer in his
merchant marine days rather
than just a sailor. and that
his grandfather, Andre Cha
zal, had been a fine artist.
Mrs. Vanderbroucke took
highest honors while getting
her doctorate at the Sor-
bonnie. She did her under
graduate work at New
Rochelle College in New York
State, did graduate work at
Fordham University in New
York City and took some
graduate courses at the Uni
verSity of Paris.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-17
the lodies are wearing.

lieved to be q biographical
study Of the artist.
Mrs. Vanderbroucke re-
veals. however. that she
contacted Mr.. Vaughan
early in her research period
and asked him how much Of
what he had written was
absolute truth.
HE warned me to be care
full" she reported.
She said Mr.. Vaughan
wrote her and explained he
had first heard of Gauguin
in a Paris cafe shortly after
the artists death and be-
lieved his life was good ma
terial for a novel.
According to Mrs. Wander
broucke, the author wrote
her: MY Mr.. Strickland is
not Gauguin. He is a char.
acter based on Gauguin."
Mr.. Vaughan then went
on to say that once he began
the novel, it became the
work of a creative artist and
fact and fiction were fused.
Two Friends
Mrs. Vanderbroucke re-
ports her footwork led
her to two people who had
personally known Gauguin.
One of these was Jeanne
Schuffenecker, daughter Of
the artists best friend. The
other was an old sea captain
in Brittany, Henri Revel,
who had known Gauguin in
Tahiti.
From these people and
from others, as well as from
unpublished letters, I discov-
cred Gauguin did not Just
quit his job, leave his family
and run off to paint in Ia
hiti." she reported.
She said Gauguin left his
job as stockbroker in a
French exchange because the
stock market crashed. Ac-
cording to her. the artist did
odd jobs and then took his
family to Rouen, where
living costs were cheaper.
He later moved with his
family to Copenhagen. where
the family of his wife
Mettegad lived. In these
places he had jobs which in
cluded selling insurance and
awnings and hanging signs.
She said she found Gau-
gums wife liked spending
money on luxury items and
that Mettegad asked the ar
fist to leave home when he
failed to keep her in the
manner in which she liked
to live.
Gauguin was heartbroken
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-17
EXCLUSIVELY YOURS

the centerpiece-for example,
ruby crystal and rose-red
porcelain on q fine pink linen
cloth with q center bouquet
OF red roses. The head table
was set with sapphire crystal
conferred with a magnificent
sapphire crystal candela-
braun holding not candles
but individual bouquets Of
sapphire blue and white
flowers.
Lunch began with fruit
cocktail favored with kirsch;
continued with filets of beef
garnished with tomatoes and
mushrooms and served with
potatoes. asparagus and
cooked stalks of celery. Salad
was Of alligator pear, endive
and hearts Of palm on let
tuce. And the dessert was q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-17
Contd. from Page B.,

Contd. from Page B.
yesterday on the heels Of her
big dinner. the night before.
The party in her exquisitely
paneled. crystal lit dining
room was so beautiful It
didn't make any difference
what one ate. but ] picked up
q menu from the table just
in case. And the food was so
delectable it mattered not
who was there, but I'll tell
you, anyway.
The entertaining by WASH
ington's queenly hostess was
brought forth by three house.
guests - her most frequent
escort. Herbert May Of Pitts
burgh: Eleanor Whitney. the
former wife Of Sonny" Whit
ney; and Col. Clair Irish Of
Paris who said he had stayed
IN many large homes in his
day but never one run with
the perfection Of Mrs. Posts.
Eleanor, down from her
home in Westbury, L. l..
wore q "semisack" dress by
American designer Galanos
topped by one Of the new
style, untamed-look coiffures.
She was returning to New
York today, but Washington
can expect. to see more Of her
in the future.
The Ambassadors Of Mo-
rocco, China, Turkey and Ice
land were there with their
wives - Nine. Aloud, Nine.
Tong. Mime. UrgupIu and Mrs.
Thors respectively, and the
Ambassador of Canada Nor
man Robertson without his.
She's in Canada right now.
Senator and Mrs. Russell
Long, Senator Allen Ellender,
ColumniSt Roscoe Drum
mond and his wife, Repre-
sentative Jim Fulton. Justice
and Mrs. Harold Burton,
Justice and Mrs. Stanley
Reed, Mrs. Gilbert Hitchcock,
the Augusta Rossos, Connie
Landa and the Moroccan
Minister DR.. Ahmed Benabud
were among the company.
They sat at six tables, each
set with different. colored
china and crystal to match
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-17
NATO Wife Does Thesis
About Artist Gauguin
BY ROBERTA HORNIG
Star stan Writer


A new insight into the life
and personality of famed
artist Paul Gauguin has been
provided by a young NATO
wife.
A three-year stay in Tahiti
spanked Mrs. Gilbert Wander
broucke's interest in the
French painter and led her
on q six-year pilgrimage, dur
ing which she Travelled Gau-
gums footsteps from Europe
to the romantic South Seas.
Mrs. Vanderbroucke is an
American, married to a high
ranking French officer now
stationed at the Pentagon.
AS q result Of her travels
she discovered new or prev
iously unpublished aspects Of
the artist. tall, dramatic
looking Ursula Vanderbroucke
believes.
These she has set down in
o three-part doctorate thesis
for the Sorbonne, Where DO
We Come From? What Are
We? Where Are We Going?"
(This is also the title of one
Of Gauguin's best known
paintings.1
The drst section of the
thesis will be published this
month in Paris in a special
Gauguin issue Of the maya
zine Gazette Des Beaux Arts"
and the rest will be carried in
two coming installments. She
is now preparing a manu-
script for an American pub
lisher.
Two Manuscripts
One Of her important dis
scoveries, Mrs. Vanderbroucke
reveals. are two unpub-
lished manuscripts which
show that Gauguin was a
philosopher as well as an
artist.
sThe first Of these, The
Catholic Church and Modern
Times I found in an incon-
spicuous spot at the Louvre
Museum" she reported.
ITS true that it was in a
public place, but the docu-
ment was hidden in a far-oh
corner and was available
only to researchers. You had
to ask for it to get it, and
not many people were aware
Of its existence" she pointed
out.
The second manuscript,
Modern Scientific Spirit and
Catholicism ! found in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-17
Luncheon Planned

The Arlington County
Women's Democratic Club
will hold its regular meeting
tomorrow at noon in Hogate's
Arlington House. Guest
speaker will be Mrs. Olin
Johnston. wife Of the Senator
from South Carolina.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-02-17

vanilla ice cream and straw
berry ice mold with angel
food cake 50 light you had to
hold onto N to keep it from
floating away.