davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-24
Soviets' Theory OF Pre-emptve War
And u. S. Defense Seen in Drive

"As long as the Soviet
Union has no hope. In lis
first strike, Of hitting the
opponents striking forces
effectively enough TO pre-
clude retaliation. the initia-
ton of war Is an act Of ex-
IRENE desperation. II the
Soviet Union could create a
weapons system permitting
the elimination Of our strik-
ing force without fear OF
effective retaliation. the So
Wet leaders could attack II
and when they pleased"
Since that time America
has adapted her own strategy
10 the new circumstances,
Gen. Norstad. the top COM
mander Of NATO. said on
December IS. 1857:
"As we 60 along and add
missile launchers, there will
be increasing thousands Of
places an aggressor would
have TO destroy in one blow.
No aggressor can do this.
II is impossible. The retalia-
tory capability Of our West
ern forces could not be de-
stroyed by simultaneous sur
prise attack, either now or In
the future"
This, however. requires
constant alertness by the
Strategic Air Command Of
the United States and the
similar command in NATO.
The "flrst blow" dilemma is
described by Secretary OF De-
tense McElroy in a copy
righted interview this week
in U. S. News a. World Re-
port. when he says:
The thing which makes
our problem more difficult
than his (the enemy's) is
that we are committed not to
strike the FIRST blow. Under
those circumstances. for the
fellow that will make up his
mind only after he sees these
weapons coming In his direc-
ton. the cost Of defense prep
aration is considerably In
creased because Of the neces-
sity Of much more rapid reac-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-24
PuzzIement Over Red Moves

Security Council. is sufiicient
TO give food for thought 10
all. including those who are
advocating disguised appease-
ment, Why this sudden
change Of attitudep Why
should the Soviet follow UP
her spectacular big lies by
new accusations against the
United States2
Only this week. after the
Russians were compelled TO
withdraw their complaint
against the direction OF the
flight Of our bombers. they
raised the issue Of our nuclear
submarines. The Red feet
possesses not fewer than $40
undersea craft. More than
half are ocean-going. Wheth-
er they have any ships OF,
this type propelled by nuclear
power Is not known In WASH
ington. although II would be
q fair guess that they are
being built.
Our submarine force is
some 90 strong, with fewer
than half q dozen having
nuclear power. The dispro-
portion is too great TO lead
the men In the Kremlin TO
believe seriously that we have
aggressive intentions. Yet
they are screaming now
about our submarines. al
though they have known for
at least two years what we
have.
These antics OF the new
Khrushchev" Gas he is de-
scribed in diplomatic circles
since he ousted Marshal Bull
ganin and took his place.
cause puzzlement and con-
fusion among those in WASH
ington who were so anxious
to accept him and his offers
Of coexistence at its face
value. The question asked so
often now is: Will our re-
action be q firm policy-the
only one international COM
munism understands and re-
spects? Or viii we continue
to move according to the
gusts Of wind from Moscow?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-24
The Reds A-PIone Propaganda

ton 10 an actual strike than
II he we're doing the striking
himself"
The Secretary was asked
about meeting the FIRST
blow" Of the enemy, and re-
piled:
"Of course, what we have
10 do Is 10 observe II far
enough out 20 that we viii
have our forces In the air on
the way 10 deliver our own
destructive counterblow 10
him. >. We don't think that
we can stop all OF them, so
we assume that some Of them
will get through. We haven't.
OF course. at the present time
any antiballistic missile capa-
bility so that II he (the
enemy had them--the long
range unsatisfactory they
would all get through. But
he doesn't have the Quanti-
ties Of missiles he would re-
quire 10 deliver such q blow
TO this country"
The Secretary thereupon
was asked: Then do we ac-
cept destruction. really-be-
fore we do anything?"
Mr.. McElroy's reply was:
mo. we are not accepting
destruction before we do
anything. We are accepting
destruction Of some order as
inevitable. but we win be on
the way to deliver our own
destruction TO him. We must
be on our way with either
missiles or aircraft. A COM
bination Of the two is prob
ably what will be involved"
The mere mention Of these
highly delicate points empha-
sizes why a disarmament
agreement has become al
most compulsory. The So
VETS may have unwittingly
brought to a head the very
problem that has to be solved
II the peoples of the world are
to avoid a terrible war. This
can be done only II peoples
everywhere insist on an IRON
clad system Of inspection such
as the Soviets are stubbornly
refusing TO accept. But in re-
fusing. the Kremlin leaders
become the "warmongers" Of
the era.
ORsproduetion Rishts RsssrvsO
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-24
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Kremlin Seen Confusing Advocates
OF Summit Talks and 'FIexibiIity

by a summit meeting are now
wondering what the men In
the Kremlin have In mind.
A handful OF politicians. edi-
torialists. commentators and
other molders OF public opin-
ion has vociferously insisted
that peace In our time could
be obtained by q flexible
policy as requested by the
Soviet Union. There have
been loud outcries that Pres
ident Eisenhower and Secre-
tary Dulles prove their fiex-
ibility by yielding 10 the
Kremlin's demands that West
meet East at an early con-
ference when the four prin-
cipal heads OF states win have
the power TO decide that
henceforth the lamb and the
wolf viii become good bed
fellows. Mr.. Dulles was Sc
verely criticized for being too
rigid when he asked for some
elementary precautions to
provide that the dignified
summit meeting should not
become a mere propaganda
show.
The very same advocates Of
this momentous gathering
we're COMPOUNDED, however.
when the Russians appeared
TO have changed their tune.
The agreement that prelim-
mary arrangements be made
in conversations by the three
Western ambassadors in
Moscow with Foreign Minis
ter Gromyko went overheard
when Mr.. Gromyko sum-
moned the Western repre-
sentatives individually,
choosing to discuss different
and irrelevant matters.
This breach Of faith, linked
with the sudden attack on
the "warmongering" activ-
tiles Of the Strategic Air
Command which resulted In q
Soviet appeal to the U. N.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-24

One is that a bruising,
three-cornered fight is in
progress for the Democratic
nomination for Senator. The
contenders are Chester
Bowles, a former Governor
and vastly successful former
Ambassador to India: Mr..
Bowles' former partner in a
famous advertising agency
who was once appointed by
Mr.. Bowles to the Senate.
william Benton. and Thomas
]. Dodd. a former United
States Representative.
Confronted with this array,
all with claims to party con-
sideration. everybody now is
offlcially neutral. But the
witching hour when some
body has got to make q de-
cision is drawing nigh.
And the second condition
the deciders face is that the
party has still another prom
Using politician on hand
who. everybody agrees, would
strengthen the ticket.
He is Mayor Richard c.
Lee Of New Haven. whose
last plurality was $4,000, the
largest margin ever received
by a mayoral candidate in
Connecticut. Mr.. Lee has
taken his name out of con-
sideration and is reported to
have made certain commit
ments to Mr.. Bowles. Still, he
is there and politicians rarely
resist drafts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-24
Green Named Head
Of Elections Unit

Senator Green, Democrat oil
Rhode Island), was named yes
terday as chairman OF a Senate
Rules subcommittee responsible
for policing Senate elections
and investigating any com.
plants Of campaign irregulari-
ties.
He succeeds Senator Mans
field, Democrat Of Montana)
as chairman Of the Privileges
and Elections Subcommittee
Senator Mansfield resigne 4
from the group because he Is
a candidate for reelection this
year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-24
DAVID LAWRENCE

There's q bit OF mystery
as 10 Just why the Soviets
went 10 the United Nations
Security Council 10 spread q
propaganda which blames
America for keeping bombers
constantly In the air as a
precaution against possible
attack. The withdrawal OF
the topic from the Council by
the Russians for the time
being does not by any means
end the debate.
Back Of the latest episode
Is a highly interesting story
Of changes In Soviet military
strategy. Up TO March. 1855,
II was largely defensive and
based on the use OF conven-
tional forces. Since that date,
however. the Soviet military
journals have been proclaim
ing what has been called
"pre-emptive war" This Is
TO be differentiated from
preventive war" by which is
meant the old doctrine that
one power must attack the
other long before II becomes
militarily strong enough to
inflict defeat.
An interesting article on
the Soviet strategy appeared
In the January, 1858. issue Of
Foreign Affairs, published
quarterly by the Council on
Foreign Relations Of New
York. In that article Herbert
s. Dinerstein, who is on the
staff Of a nonprofit organ
ization that conducts re-
search for the United States
Air Force, wrote:
The strategy Of fighting a
pre-emptive war-getting in
the first blow against an OPP
ponent poised to strike-as
advocated by Gen. Rotmis-
troy and officially adopted in
1855. is essentially a strategy
Of the second-best. For UNI
der these conditions. it is the
opponent who chooses war:
the Soviet Union simply
makes the best Of 1t in seek
ing by earlier action to blunt
the opponents first blow.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-24

Everybody from President
Eisenhower 10 the leaders OF
both parties In Congress is
confused and befuddled by
the policies Of the Communist
world. Even those who would
like 10 forget foreign affairs
for q short spell and concen-
trate on the growing domestic
difficulties have TO admit that
the two are closely inter-
woven.
Our recession Is no longer
a matter Of domestic concern.
Il has worldwide political
repercussions. We have been
through much worse things
than the present showdown IN
production with less than z
per cent Of our labor popula-
ton unemployed-and have
come out with flags flying.
Today. however. what all
economists describe as an
inevitable setback has in
ternational political implica-
tons. The Soviet propaganda
points out to the free world.
which has been accustomed TO
being dependent on Amer
lea. that the Nation on whom
they are relying is getting
short OF breath-"exactly as
the Soviet economists have
been predicting for the last
10 years"
This may affect the system
OF alliances - particularly
across the Atlantic where
there is q tendency to emu
late Soviet materialism-on
which our past and present
leaders have based the coun-
try's security. There is talk
about tax reduction as a
palliative to recession. This,
together with other emer-
gency expenditures, will mean
deflcit spending.
Those who wanted to be
lulled by the Russians into
. feeling Of security that the
cold war could be terminated
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-24
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Ike gets mad again at his press conference There's
ginning TO be doubt whether the Secret Service agents
are there to protect ke-or the newsmen.
The Government reports the Of living UP again
This the first recession In which you yourself
Of house and home without getting past soup course
Air Force Gen. Boushey says can land man on the
moon within eight The keep threatening TO
shoot 1t down, we'll land the long before that
Vice President Nixon will tour South America. The Ike
Dick travels remind of the old Army football backs
and Blanchard Ike is Mr.. Inside Nixon is Mr.. Outside
Arkansas Representative Hays both the United States
and Russia battle against strong drink Well going the
together may be living sure coexistine
Insomnia modern version: One fellow now counts mis-
es instead Of sheep Trouble is time he's about
fall asleep, he perfects antimissile missile.
Ike opposes summit conference with Khrushchev alone
How the dickens could q Communist and q West Pointer
understand each other when neither speaks Republican?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-24
DORIS FLEEsoN
Connecticut Decision Neurs

Some observers believe the
end result will be q ticket Of
Ribicof and Lee or a ticket
of Lee and Ribicoff.
The determining factors
will be many. They will in
clude geographical, ethnic
and religious considerations
which are present to some
degree in most States but
very important in Connecti-
cut with its many racial
groups and more than so per
cent Catholic population.
The unopposed Republican
nominee for Senator. William
Purtell. is Catholic. So is
Mayor Lee. Unless the May
or is drafted. the Democratic
ticket viii not have a Cath
Ollie at the top and the other
Connecticut United States
Senator is a Republican.
Prescott s. Bush.
That Chester Bowles is the
ablest Of the present three
candidates for Senator is
widely conceded. But since he
belongs Enthusiastically to the
liberal wing Of the Demo-
cratic Party, there is some fear
that he Is open to attack as
a radical. Mr.. Dodd. minus
this handicap, lives in Hart
ford County, as does Gov.
Ribicoff.
The Governor and his State
chairman are in close ac-
cord. Perhaps only the cleo
ton returns will show that
they are as clever politicians
as many people think they
are.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-24

Administration officials pri-
vately voiced chagrin at the
cuts below the $3,942, 900, 900
which Mr.. Eisenhower said was
the minimum needed to shore
up free world strength in the
year starting July l. But they
showed no immediate sign of
turning the heat on to try to
get the full amount.
Il don't think the cuts went
very deep" Mr.. Morgan said.
by cutting the bill approx
mately 10 per cent I think II
will strengthen its position Cor
passage in the House"
Gould Have Been Worse"
Representative Vorys OF Ohio
a top committee Republican
said the slashes went too deep
but could have been worse"
Representative Selden, DEM
ocrat of Alabama, said in q
separate interview, IT think
they've gotten by pretty light.
Committee cuts in past years
have ranged up to a billion
dollars.
Further decreases are likely
before Congress gets through
with aid legislation. The pend
ing authorization bill sets terms
and ceilings for the program
The actual money must be
voted in a separate appropria-
tionS bill.
BY a reported 1912 vote, the
committee decided yesterday tt
trim $l60 million from the $l.S
billion Mr.. Eisenhower asked
for arms aid to friendly coun.
tries. Mr.. Morgan supported
the move. Bigger proposed
cuts OF up to a half billion dol
lars were turned down.
Relatively Close Votes
Then. also by relatively Close
votes, the committee chopped
$50 million from the $685. mil.
lion Mr.. Eisenhower wanted fol
economic aid to support foreign
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-24

Then, also by relatively close
votes, the committee chopped
$50 million from the 1895 mil
lion Mr.. Eisenhower wanted for
economic aid to support foreign
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-04-24
House Units Aid Cut
Seen Helping Passage
% &c Associated Press

Chairman Morgan Democrat Of Pennsylvania today
the House Foreign Committees Of $3.50 million Pres
dent Esenhowers foreign aid bill should help the disputed
measure get through the House.
Mr. Morgan summoned his group into closed session to
finish work on the bill it UP for House vote
Evening star., 1958-05-09
WE'VE GIVEN M
School Lifts Its Bon
On BoccoIoureote

Faced with mounting pro-
tests, officials of Northwood
High School in Silver Spring
reversed themselves today and
scheduled religious exercises
for their first class Of gradual
ing seniors.
We've given in" an assist
ant principal said. The bac-
calaureate service, a traditional
part Of graduation week, will
be held on June 8.
The baccalaureate had been
left out of graduation plans at
first. The school principal. Ed
ward A. Bartlett, had told the
students that so many other
functions were scheduled that
there just wasn't time for it.
Several students complained
to their parents and ministers.
Three parents said the school
official told them, I'VE didn't
have a baccalaureate where l
was gradusted-why should we
have them here?"
Northwood is a new school.
1t is graduating its first class,
about l18 students, on June 10.
Montgomery County school are
Evening star., 1958-05-09
Whipcrock Breaks Sound Barrier,
Navy Research Physicist Confirms

stein and Donald A. Hall-told
other scientists about their
findings at the meeting of the
Acoustical Society of America
at the Willard Hotel.
The fact that shock waves
and not leather slapping
leather" propagate the bull
whips crack is an interesting
enough physical fact. Even
more interesting to scientists is
how all that speed gets into
the end of the whip.
DR.. Trent calculates that the
butt end of the whip is moving
only 20 to 80 miles an hour
when he manipulates it. But
the business end has to be
travelling almost 1000 miles an
hour to shatter the sound bar
rier the way it does.
LAS a phenomenon this is
very intriguing because of the
buildup in speed with a very
simples mechanism" DR.. Trent
said. He indicated that the
Navy is interested in knowing
more about it.
Unfortunately, there is a big
mathematical hurdle to be over
come before the very simple
mechanism" is understood. DR..
Bernstein, q mathematician,
Evening star., 1958-05-09

Mr.. Khrushchev last June in
a dispute with former Premier
Georgi Malenkov, former For
eign Minister v. M. Molotov
and others. Mr.. Khrushchev
won and exiled them but lately
Mr.. Molotov has been rumored
back in Moscow.
The Soviet party organ
Pravda today published a direct
attack on Yugoslavia after re-
printing Chinese and Czech
criticism earlier this week. The
lengthy article broadcast by
Moscow radio implied that the
doctrinal dispute with the Yu-
goslav Communist Party might
disrupt relations between the
two governments.
Pravda threatened to with
draw Russian economic assist
ance from Yugoslavia if Presi-
dent Tito continues criticism
of Moscow's dominance in
party affairs. In recent years
the Soviet Union has provided
almost 5000 million in indus
Continued on Page A-4, Col. /
Evening star., 1958-05-09
Khrushchev Reported
Fighting Custer Effort

LONDON, May 9 (R.-Rus-
sia took a tougher line toward
Yugoslavia today and reports
that Premier Nikita KhrH-
shchev is figuring en- attempt
to oust him as not being tough
enough.
Polish Communist sources
said the Chinese Reds and
Russian Stalinists have com:
bined against Mr.. Khrushchev
in a dispute over how the
Communist bloc should deal
with Yugoslavia's refusal to
follow Moscow's dictates.
Reports from Moscow and
Warsaw said the Soviet Com
munist Party'S Central Com
mittee has been meeting in the
Russian capital. Results of the
meeting may come soon, the
official Polish Communist organ
Trybuna Ludu said.
Most sources in Moscow said,
however, the main subject of
the meeting was Soviet indus
trial production rather than
Russian relations with the
Communist parties of other
nations.
The committee rallied around
Evening star., 1958-05-09

not required to hold baccalau-
reatn exercises, but most of
them do.
One Of the Northwood seniors,
an 18-year-old girl wrote an
indignant letter to The Star.
1t will be mo wonder to see
juvenile delinquency RISE" she
wrote, "if this crime is allowed
to happen in a Maryland high
school,"
THE baccalaureate service, /"
she wrote, 'is a reminder to
those going forth that God is
near and that 1t is their re-
sponsibility to follow his ways
to make the world a better
place for ALL"
Several clergymen to whom
parents protested spoke to Mr..
Bartlett about the omission
of the baccalaureate. Q
The school parent-teacher
association held an executive
committee session to consider
the question. but was told by
Mr.. Bartlett that the admin
istration had changed its mind
and would schedule the service.
Evening star., 1958-05-09

Trade has supported the prin-
ciple of the lease-purchase pro-
gram. We believe it is a sound
and satisfactory arrangement
through which the Federal Gov
ernment may, without the ex-
penditure of large sums OF
money, secure needed structures
and, eventually. title to them
by entering into a long-term
lease arrangement with private
investors.
Being taxpayers and deeply
interested in District of Co.
lumbia fiscal matters. the fact
that such structures would be
placed on the tax rolls until
title passes to the United States
presents an additional attrac-
tive feature.
while we recommend con-
tinuation of the lease-purchase
program our main con-
cern is that the Congress
authorize construction of these
buildings in fiscal 1859 and by
direct appropriation, if neces-
sary, for several reasons"
Four Projects Here
The four lease-purchase prof.
ects here effected by the House
action and what they would
cost if built under direct ap.
propriation are:
Federal Office building No. 6
west of the Department oi
See BUILDINGS, Page Al
Evening star., 1958-05-09
Urged by Trade Board
Uptol5oDie
In BruziIiun
Train Wreck

RIO DE JANEIRO, May 9
R.-President Juscelino Ku-
bitshcek today ordered an in
vestigation into the crash Of
two commuter trains in which
an estimated $50 persons were
killed. It was the second dis
aster in as many months on
the governments Central do
Brasil line and the worst train
wreck in Brazil's history.
Some 300 more passengers
were injured last night when
one electric commuter train
plowed into the rear Of an
other. Apparently all the VIC
tins were Brazilians.
Rescue workers toiled through
the misty night to pull the
dead, dying and injured from
the twisted metal cars piled
along embankments 10 miles
north of Rio de Janeiro.
Sixty-seven passengers were
killed March 7 when three
Central do Brasil trains
rammed together.
Ofhcials said one train of FIVE
cars was stopped about 100
yards north of Manguiera sta
ton when an eight-car train
came down the same track at
about As miles an hour. The
engine of the speeding train
sliced through three-quarters
of the rear car Of the stopped
train.
Evening star., 1958-05-09

worked out the formulae as far
as he could.
THE work has some non-
linear differential equations in
it that no one knows how to
solve" DR.. Trent explained.
The naval physicist denies
being an expert whip-snapper
In fact, the Navy had to pro-
cure a whip for him and he
had to teach himself to use \
before experiments could be-
gin.
THE real artists snap the
whip overland" DR.. Trent said.
Il find it easier to do it under
hand-more uniform results,
you know"
Wistfully, DR.. Trent said he
would like to build a machine
to get a really uniform crack
in the whip. But in view of
what his boss said about not
doing anything Ito make the
NAVY look silly" the physicist
appears to have faint hope
along these tines.
Does he crack the whip at
home-413 Tennessee avenue,
Alexandria?
mo Sir!" DR.. Trent replied
i DO all that sort Of thing down
at the lab."
Evening star., 1958-05-09
A CLOSE LOOK
AT KENNEDY

SENATOR KENNEDY, Dsmoerot
Of Massachusetts, is studied TEDDY
by veteran Political Correspondent
WiIIiOm S. White. For Mr. Whites
evoluotion Of the Senator'S strengths
and weaknesses. see POse AIS.
COMMODORE HAYWOOD is a
port-time SEQ dog who reeonditions
his own croft. For on interview with
the moster Of the AItoir, see Charles
COvelI's column on Pose c-S.
cANDYTuFTS con be the oor-
dener's best friends. according to
Stor Gorden Editor W. Y. Young
mon. Mr.. Younemon discusses their
core and uses on Pose A-24.