davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23
The Problems
OF France

The serious rift between France
and Tunisia over the French
bombing of a Tunisian village has
done more than spotlight again
the dilemma of the West. par
ticularly the United States, in
dealing with the Arab drive for
independence. 1t has also exposed
the precarious position of the
French Republic-not only of the
present cabinet of Premier Felix
Gaillard, but Of the French state
itself.
Mr.. Gaillard, Sparring with the
powerful but chaotic National AS
sembly. is kept in power by q
pickering. unstable coalition Of
center parties who can attain a
semblance of unity only through
their common fear that a Gaillard
collapse would mean the triumph
of either the radical left or the
radical right-probably totalitari-
anism in either case.
But Mr.. Gaillard has been
warned again by his more right
list supporters that he must take
a firm stand on Algeria. Last
week the harassed Premier. ready
to accept an olive branch Of
compromise preferred by Tunisian
President Habib Bourguiba. was
forced to take a sterner stand.
France now demands that Tunisia
pledge "non-belligerence" in the
Algerian rebellion and patrol the
borders to prevent aid to the rebels
as the price Of settlement Of the
dispute.
Mr.. Bourguiba. modifying his
bitter stand of a week ago. on
Thursday reafiirmed his govern
ment's ties with the West. The
softening of the Tunisian stand
was believed due largely to assur-
ances from Britain and the United
States that France would be
pressed to settle the Algerian
crisis this year and no later.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23
The Summit

On Thursday the State Depart
ment responded officially to Pre-
mier Bulgsnin's last summit APP
peal. The response was both
rejection and brush-off. 1t was
a rejection because it was in the
form of an aide memoire stating
that "under those circumstances
it was premature to deal with
such matters as the time, place
and composition Of either a for
eign ministers meeting or sum-
NIT conference" 1t was a brush
of because it did not reply per-
sonally to Soviet Premier Bull
ganin, who had made the pro-
posals in the form Of a personal
letter to Mr.. Eisenhower.
Last weeks developments made
no change in the basic positions
Of East and West on the subject
Of a summit conference.
The United States let it be
known that Washington was not
viewed as the proper place for
such a top-level meeting. Mr..
Dulles was reported adamant
against the suggestion. made pre-
viously by Soviet Ambassador
Mikhail Menshikov. that Mr..
Khrushchev and Premier Bull
ganin would come to Washington
gladly II invited.
The Secretary was said to feel
strongly that an American well
come for the Soviet leaders would
be OF tremendous propaganda
advantage to them. and would
weaken gravely the Dulles insist
ence that Soviet communism be
presented to the world as a sort OF
international gangsterism.
In Western Europe there was
official support for the American
position. West Germany's Parlia-
ment was told, in the course OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23
BY CHARLES L. HOFFMAN
Star stan Writer

The uproarious windup of the
Maryland General Assembly re-
fiected optimism ON the part Of
Democratic leaders over their
chances Of reoccupying the execu-
tive mansion in Annapolis next
January after eight years of alb
Sence.
At the same time it was
recognition that the man up
stairs" was a Republican lame
duck Governor with whom they
still would have to contend in the
years ahead.
This was the spendingest, tax
INCEST Legislature in Maryland
history. and the hardest to get to
go home. Ignoring their legal adj
journment deadline, the law
makers stayed on six days before
completing their business.
Despite the political calculations
behind virtually every act in this
election year session, the Legisla-
ture ended up with quite a
creditable record.
1t slashed STA million from
Gov. McKeldin's spending program
--two-and-a-half times as big a
cut as made by any previous Legis-
lature. 1t banned jai alai with
pari-mutuel betting from the
State and closed seven slot ma
chine casinos along the Potomac
River, effective Junes1. After more
than a decade Of attempts, it
passed anti-billboard legislation.
And, most important, it adopted
a controversial broad tax program
that should - under reasonable
economic stability-make unneces-
Sary any big, new tax increases in
the next few years.
Fought for Program
It was the Democratic leader
ship, exuding political confidence,
that fought for the Governors tax
program, described by its OPP
ponents as "the kiss Of DEATH"
That plan provided for increases
from 2 per cent to 3 per cent in
the income and sales tax rates.
with the latter the bone of con-
tention. Seven times the Demo-
cratic leaders brought the Nickel
din program to the floor of the
House before it won acceptance.
Governor McKeldin began this
last legislative session with the
worst defeat of his political career.
He had fought hard to have his
veto OF a $400-a-year teacher pay
increase sustained. But on opening
day the legislators rushed pell-mell
to override the veto, to give the
pay raise to the teachers, and to
impose a new 3-cents-per-pack,
$l0.7 million cigarette tax.
The Governor had only three
supporters among the l52 legis-
lators and only one was a Repub-
lican.
Then as the session ended the
Governor appeared even more out
of step with his own party. His
tax program was opposed openly
by the Republican leadership in
both the Senate and the House
and on the first ballot in the
House only six of the225 RepuB-
licans voted for it.
Embarrassing Votes
For the first three or four ballots
it was obvious Democratic House
leaders were using this schism to
publicly embarraSs the Governor
as man no longer in control Of
his party. This maneuver was
based in part on a feeling among
Democratic fiscal leaders that the
sales tax increase was inevitable,
if not in January, 1859, then in
July.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23

munity activity, for the common
good"
He was active in the Komso-
mols, the Communist youth or
ganization, and since his accept
ance by the party proper he has
maintained his political activity
as a panel speaker, lecturer and
active member Of party discussion
groups.
DR.. Bassov was born in Usman
five years after the Russian revo-
luton. His father was an engi-
neer, but times were hard for all.
Young Bassov entered the army
after 10 years Of schooling. in
l941.
He tried to get into technology
cal work, but was shunted into
the medical corps and spent most
OF his five years in the army as
medical and laboratory assistant.
Demobilized in Moscow on New
Years eve,. l945, he Immediately
tried to enter a scientific institute.
His record was good and in Feb
ruary, 1916, he was accepted by
the Institute Of Physical Engi-
neering here.
He completed the basic five-
year course five months early,
even though during the last three
years he worked part-time at the
Lebedev Institute.
After graduation he continued
working part-time for the Lebedev
Institute while studying full-time
for his electorate.
DR.. Bassov won his Candidate Of
sciences" degree-about equivalent
to a masters degree-in 1858, and
two years later his Doctor Of
Technical Sciences" the somewhat
tougher Russian equivalent Of q
Pho.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23

His education was not only free
but was cushioned by a state al
lowance from start to finish. AS a
freshman, his allowance was 800
rubles a month. In the first twp
years it rose to 480 rubles, at
which point he started working
part-time at the Institute, Jump
ing his total income to about 1000
rubles.
The official exchange rate is
four rubles to the dollar. The
average monthly wage in the So
Wet Union is estimated at $50
rubles.
From 1850 to 1858 DR.. Bassov
received 900 rubles a month in
allowances-similar to a scholar
ship-and $50 rubles in half-pay.
His wife, whom he married in
1850, was earning 1000 rubles
working and studying alongside
him, so their total income those
years was q comfortable 1850
rubleS.
His income now, as a Doctor of
Technical Sciences, is $500 rubles.
His wife still works, bringing their
total income to 1850 rubles, or
over $1,000 a month. BY COMPARE
son. factory manager earns 1000
rubles and up.
But this is nowhere near DR..
Bassov'S ceiling. AS a professor,
the next highest Soviet academic
rung, he could earn 5000 rubles.
A corresponding member of the
Academy Of Sciences draws 5000
rubles in addition to regular
salaries and fees, and a full mem
Der 5000 rubles additional.
None Of that depends on me,
however," he says. That's a
matter Of selection and appoint
ment. If I'm picked. fine. In the
meantime I have more than
enough to keep me happy and
occupied"
Few Pleasures
His pleasures. outside his work.
are few-a weekend ski jaunt, a
Sunday theater or stroll in the
park. mo hobbies he says. mo
time for them"
He doesn't even like chess, I'M
usual for a Russian, especially a
mathematician. TOO much like
work." he says.
He receives nearly two months
vacation a year, double the ma
tional average.
Not having attained the
"dacha" level-the summer house
in the country which is one of
the prerequisites Of an established
Soviet scientist-Dr. Bassov takes
his wife and son to his parents
home In Voronezh. near his birth
place, every summer.
Dr.. Bassov has no set hours at
the Institute. With Is assistants
working under him. he is his own
boss. Sometimes we have to throw
him out at night, just so he'll be
fresh the following morning"
a friend remarked.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23
BY GEORGE w. CAKES
Special Writer for The Star

School construction as an anti
recession measure is getting BIZ
partisan attention in Congress.
Despite the indignation issue, edu-
cation policymakers in both
Senate and House believe that the
rising demand for useful public
works has reached such proper
, tons that school construction leg
ismtion could be adopted by both
housesif the administration would
lend its support.
There are a number of bills for
school construction already before
Congress and more are in the
works. For example. Representa-
tive Peter Frelinghuysen. a New
Jersey Republican and on the
House Education Committee as an
administration supporter. has in
troduced q bill that would make
$l.8 billion Of Federal funds avail
able to the States on a $3.50
matching basis over q three-year
period. To speed construction his
plan would waive certain require
ments on the States contained in
last years unsuccessful admins
tration bill.
Early this month Is Democratic
members of the House Education
committee. including Representa-
i've Adam Clayton Powell. whose
anti discrimination amendment
was a stumbling block for school
construction legislation in previous
Years, urged President Eisenhower
to recommend again the major
principles of the administration
1857 school building program.
Also, Senator Kennedy of Mas
sachuSetts, a leading Democratic
presidential contender. has intro
duced a school construction bill
during the current session. Sem
ator Kennedy sees school con-
struction as one of the most effec-
tive ways Federal public works
could be used to strengthen the
economy. In his view. school
building is especially suitable for
that purpose because it would take
place largely in populated areas
where plans are likely to be ready
and where the money expended
would have high velocity of cir
culation.
Where Should Aid Go?
One of the basic questions that
the administration and Congress
must resolve in any school con-
struction program conceived as an
anti-recession measure is whether
Federal funds will be provided to
school districts that need new
buildings the most or to areas
where construction plans are
ready. If schools are built on a
"where-required-most" basis. then
the impact on the economy will
probably be delayed. On the other
hand. if the guiding principle is to
get construction under way as fast
as possible, then priority will nat
urally be given to those school dis
tricts that have already drawn up
their plans.
There are no reliable official fig-
ures available as to how many and
which of the approximately $4,000
school districts throughout the
country actually have building
plans prepared or under way. Such
data is usually prepared by the
State education departments, but
In some States school districts are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23
Recession Raises
School Bill Hopes

Independent Of State control and
therefore the necessary informa-
ton cannot easily be compiled.
Federal education officials, in
discussing proposals for school
building, favor ALLEGATION Of funds
on the basis of need even If such
a policy would delay construction
because they consider that educa-
tional requirements are para
mount. They also say that Federal
funds should not be provided for
States and local communities that
can finance new schools on their
own.
For example. Baltimore County
has six-year $50 million program
under way. II Federal funds
should supplement the $24 million
Of local and State money to be
spent in l959-60 probably twice
as many schools could be built
during this period. But officials
believe it would be better to spend
the same amount Of Federal money
in States which cannot afford to
finance q program Of their own.
See Whispered Effects
Proponents of school construc-
ton as business stimulant argue
that the funds expended would
have benefits far beyond the areas
IN which the schools are built.
They declare the projects would
have national impact, since they
would stimulate the entire build
ing materials business. and, of
course. the additional money flow
ing into the selected areas would
create markets for consumer prod
ucts made in all parts of the coun-
try.
How, long would it take to build
the average high school for 1000
children? Oficials estimate that
on the average three months
should be devoted to educational
planning, six months for the
architectural plan and another
year to construct and complete
the building-1 year and 8 months
in all. In some areas, of course,
the first two steps have been
taken.
The last big Federally financed
school construction programs were
the PWA and WPA operations
nearly rs years ago. Then about
SIS billion at today's prices was
invested in building public schools.
The cost Of labor and materials
is three times what it was then,
but because Of more efficient de-
sign and construction methods,
the classroom cost is up only ga
times.
What are the political prospects
OF a school construction bill? The
Democratic leadership in the Sem
ate would probably back it as part
Of an overall public works pro-
gram. In the House-where the
fight will be tougher and where
school construction legislation has
been repeatedly defeated-present
prospects are that school construc-
tton legislation would face less
hurdles than in the past few years
for economic and other reasons.
However, its strongest supporters
point out that only AdminiStra-
ton backing will make it possible
to muster the necessary votes, so
these advocates-both Republican
and Democratic-are looking to
the White House for encourage
mept.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23

Mr.. SeorIes, director Of the District Of
Columbia Redevelopment Land Agency.
hos recently returned from q nine
month tour Of more thon 40 European
cities to observe urban problems. His
trip was mode through q Rockefeller
Public Service Award.
-~-~-----------~-~---
lens and in methods to solve
them. We Americans have moth
ing, for example, to compare with
the massive housing shortages of
Europe. On the other hand, Eu-
rope has no parallel to our prob
lem Of minority housing, or the
influx Of minority groups into the
central cities of our metropolitan
areas.
Like America. Europe has great
problems Of metro expansion. But
industrialization and the stag
gering popularity Of the autbmo-
bile are at least a decade more
advanced in the United States
than in any European city.
The Europeon Pottern
Despite these differences, I saw
a number Of things Of special in
terest to me as an American rede-
velopment official.
For example, Europeans have
less aversion to downtown" living
than we do. Consequently, there
appears to be q more conscious
effort to make European cities
more attractive, comfortable
places to work and live.
A distinctive feature Of many
Of the new downtowns of Euro
pean cities is that they are at
least partially turned over to pc
destrians, with autom b hiles
banned. Streetcars are the only
vehicles permitted in these areas
usually the main shopping dis
tricts-So pedestrians are free to
stroll along broad streets and
parks. Some cities provide spe-
cial parking areas at the periph-
cry Of these districts.
1t is also interesting to rote
that most Of the expressways
serving European cities do not
enter the cities themselves as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23
Continued from Page AIS

some future agreement. In any
case it seems assured that a sum-
NIT conference. if one is held, will
almost certainly include serious
discussion of the space issue. (See
story by William Frye on Page
A-27.)
Mr.. Dulles was out of the coun-
try when the most recent Soviet
proposals were delivered to WASH
ington. His immediate aides re-
sponded in the manner they knew
the Secretary would choose. Upon
his return from the Pacific Tues
day. after attending the South
east Asia Treaty Organization
conference at Manila and calling
on Generalissimo Chang Kali
shek at Taipei. Formosa. capital
Of Nationalist China, Mr.. Dulles
began a careful study of the effect
the latest Moscow moves have had
on the maneuvers toward a sum-
NIT conference.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23
WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE

a stormy debate, that nuclear
weapons were absolutely essential
to the Bonn defenses if the Ade-
nauer government was to properly
fulfill its NATO commitments.
The NATO Council, meeting in
Paris, was formulating a common
Western policy repeatedly uncriti-
cal of the Dulles position. In
Britain there were a few reserva-
tons. mainly to the effect that the
Dulles attitude. however valid,
should stop short of deliberately
antagonizing the Soviet leaders.
And British unrest over the Mac
milan governments decision to
set up American missile bases con-
tinued to make major news.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23
SOVIET MAN OF SCIENCE
DR.. Bossov Works Without Wor|d|v Cares

On March 2 tUe published on
this page a profile OF a typical
American ScientiSt-Dr:: Arthur
GGlston. a research botGnist at
Yale. DR.. GGlston. a tuI profess
sor at 81, earns about $4,000 a
year. has outside interests rang
ing from jazz and hdndbGH to
the PTA and politics and is
motiudted in his work By the
thrill of discovery. of adding
"Single bricks to a big lUdll."
Here is a profile OF his opposite
number across the world-a
young physicist at RuSSia's
Lebedeu Institute of Physics.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23
MARYLAND REPORT
Democrats ADOPT
Optimistic Outlook

And. while playing havoc with
the Governors prestige, the Demo-
Gratis at the same time were trying
to make sure the sales tax in
crease was known as the NC
keldin plan" This, they agreed,
was especially important in Balti-
more City where they feel Gov.
McKeldin will run for mayor next
year. =
This political maneuver at first
seemed to be going of as planned.
but then the House leaders found
they could not control the situa.
ton. BY the fifth ballot the
Democrats were certain the tax
program would pass but, despite
pressures from the Governors Of
fee and a major break in the
Eastern Shore opposition, the pro-
gram fell seven votes short Of
passage.
After a weekend layoff the
same thing happened again. BY
this time the Democrats were be-
ginning to look little ridiculous.
Too many observers were be-
ginning to check tally sheets and
were learning that a big block Of
Democrats had refused to vote
for any tax increase although
they had supported a budget de-
handing 1891 million in new
taxes.
Then plea went out in earnest
to Controller j. Willard Tawes.
the Democrat most likely to be
nominated to succeed Gov. Nc
Keldin. Unless optimistic about
chances Of winning to nomination,
Mr.. Tawes would not have allowed
himself to become involved in this
tax controversy, most observers
agreed.
Towes Steps In
But early on the morning Of
March ii Mr.. Tawes conceded he
might enter the picture, and later
the same day announced his sup
port of the McKeldin plan. In
the meantime Tawes lieutenants
began corralling some Of their or
ganization legislators, and later
that night the McKeldin plan was
passed with two-vote margin.
Mr.. Tawes appears to have come
out of the situation stronger than
he went in. Never known as a dy-
manic party leader, he appeared
to have accepted the role of party
chief in this instance.
He had. in urging support Of
the McKeldin plan, indicated he
was uncertain as to its equity
and would therefore appoint q
special commission to study the
States total tax program to see
what changes were needed.
Mr.. Tawes' enemies referred to
this statement as ''his kick in the
stomach today, pie in the sky to-
morrow program" Mr.. Tawes,
however, was seeking to remove
the sales tax as an issue in the
upcoming gubernatorial fight and
may have succeeded.
Certainly If the sales tax had
not been increased as Of next
January 1. after the election, the
next Governor would automat-
icallg face tax deficit Of some
$25 million under other tax pro-
grams suggested by the Assembly.
This would have meant that
Mr.. TaweS would have been called
on to propose his own tax pro-
gram during the campaign and
the question of a sales tax increase
would always have been present.
AS the situation now stands,
gubernatorial candidates face the
rather pleasant prospect of going
into Office without any immediate
prospect of having to propose
major tax increases.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23
BY ROY ESSOYAN
Associated Press stan Writer

MOSCOW. - Nikolai Ginadich
Bassov, at IS a Doctor of Tech
meal Sciences and one of the
Soviet Unions promising young
physicists, says:
Science is my whole life"
Except for a five-year break
during World War II, he has lived
science. studied it and worked at
1t ever since he can remember. He
looks forward happily to doing
nothing else the rest of his life.
1t started, he says, with popular
science and science fiction maya
zines before he was in his teens.
His father, an engineer. brought
the magazines home to their log
cabin in the village Of Usman, 400
miles from Moscow.
They we're great" DR.. Bassov
recalled recently, beautifully
written, Interestingly presented.
They aroused my curiosity, and
nothing has dulled it since"
DR.. Bassov is one of an estimated
$4,000 Soviet scientists engaged in
research in 1853 major scientific
institutions supervised by the
Soviet Academy Of Sciences.
He is happy. enthusiastic about
his work and, except for occa-
sional illness or other family
problems, processes to have no
worries in the world.
His future Is assured and as
he proceeds up the ladder of his
career the chances ara high the
few personal problems he still has
such as housing-will be re-
moved.
The New Elite
Scientists are part of the Soviet
Unions new elite. Their income,
social position and living condi-
tons are several pegs above the
Soviet average. Top scientists
live in preferential housing-up
to seven or eight-room apart
ments, with a summer house in
the country thrown inland have
the use of one or two cars, a
marked privilege in Russia.
DR.. BasSov has not reached that
rarified stratum yet. He lives in
two small rooms with his wife,
3-year-old son and his wife's
parents. This is fairly represent
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23
SENATE

s ] Res. 1852. House version of
a bill to prevent reductions of
price supports or acreage allot-
ments of farm commodities below
the 1857 level. Agreed to. 1882.
AGAINST; Byrd. Robertson, Beall and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1958-03-23
NEARBY VOTES

The votes Of the nearby Mary
land and Virginia legislators on
major roll calls in Congress last
week: