davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08
THOMAS L. STOKES
Antagonist Toward Nixon

President as a candidate in
1860 to succeed President Eli
senhower finds no stage at the
Capitol and no stage-managers.
He is somewhat in the role of
the super there. and mostly in
the wings. The build-up will
have to be done elsewhere and
in other ways. such as good
will tours around the world in
the first Eisenhower Admins
tration and his recent tour of
Africa.
He gets much warmer well
come in Asia and Africa than
he does at the Capitol here at
home.
The antagonism Of Demo-
Gratis toward him. which has
its highest development in
Speaker Rayburn. is very sim
pie in origin. 1t is nothing
more complicated than his at
tacks on the Democratic Party
in the 1852 and 1854 elections.
These attacks were often
vicious. with insinuations of
disloyalty which his somewhat
softer approach in the 1856
campaign did not wipe out, nor
ever will wipe out.
A veteran like Sam Rayburn,
who has served in Congress
through three wars, will not
countenance insinuations OF
disloyalty to the party which he
has worked with and for since
he was a young man.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08
NATO's Future Worries u. S.

appeasement policies of the
Western powers, Americas soft
stand in the Hungarian rebel
lion and the black eye given to
Britain and France by Nasser
have had a psychological effect
on the democratic Germans.
Why risk further antagon-
izing the Reds, they ask. when
their main opponents have bor-
rowed the historic Chamberlain
umbrella?
The masses in Germany de-
termine the Bonn Republics
policies. They are geenly anx-
ious for an early reunification
of the Reich. They now see
more hope for it through i'm
proved relations and an even
tual understanding with the
USSR than through the good
efforts of their Western allies.
On an attempt to get some
new blood and military effec-
tiveness in NATO. Washington
has been entertaining the idea
of inviting Spain to join that
moribund organization. Gen.
eralissimo Franco may agree to
accept such an invitation. But
NATO is an exclusive club. One
single member can blackball a
new admission.
France, Britain, Italy and
the others are willing to accept
Spain. But little Iceland. which
has no military forces of her
own. is still opposed to admit.
ting Spain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08
CONSTANTINE BROWN
West European Coalition Grows Weaker
As Britain DrosticoIIy Cuts Military Fund

and American equipped forces
to send them to Algeria.
The Suez Campaign" COM
PEELED the British to withdraw
the equivalent of a divi-
sion. thus further weakening
NATO.
London is now contemplate
ing the immediate withdrawal
of two of its four divisions
to relieve the budgetary strain.
1t is in the cards that the
French will have to follow
suit.
Norway and Denmark are
being blackmailed by the
Soviets who have threatened
dire reprisals if they permit
the installation of guided
missile sites on their territory.
1t is thus understandable
under existing world condi-
tons that they have been in
Inundated and are remaining
only nominal members of the
coalition.
So far only little Holland
is showing some spunk. It's
budget provides for increased
military expenditures of $50
million a year for the next
three years.
Thus while the administra-
ton is asking for nearly SIS
billion in foreign aid for the
1858 fiscal year, with NATO
getting an important share
of it. the question arises in
the minds of responsible Con-
gressmen as to how effective
NATO will be.
It's European pillars, Britain
and France. will continue to
reduce their military contri-
buttons. Their policy in the
years to come will be neces-
Sarily directed to substantially
charging their tagging indus
trial production and increas-
ing exports to foreign mar
ketS.
When Germany was admit
ted to the West European
coalition with much fanfare
she was supposed to contrib
ute II ground divisions and a
small but effective air and
naval establishment totaling
100000 men. So far all she
has been able to muster is
less than 10 per cent of the
promised contingents.
Germany is enjoying an era
of unprecedented prosperity.
She has full employment, fine
social legislation which pre-
cludes widespread strikes such
as have occurred in recent
years in Britain and France,
and a dampening of the Prus-
sian military spirit which
made a call to arms so easy
in the past.
This explains the lag in or
ganizing the armed forces
promised to NATO by the
government headed by Chan
cellor Konrad Adenauer.
Other factors such as the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08

whose attacks on the regular
governmental appropriations
are now being reversed. In
fluential members of Con-
gresS who have supported it
IN other years will take the
cad in demanding a fresh ap-
proach.
This is the kind of creative
Job the Secretary has not
previously had to do. He has
been largely carrying on with
ideas and programs left over
from the Truman administra-
ton. When something new was
offered-the Formosa resolu-
ton. for instance-President
Eisenhower'S prestige served
him in lieu of arguments. The
manner in which Senators this
winter long delayed and sub
stanttally altered the Essen
hover Doctrine proves that
those days are gone forever
Senatorial dissatisfaction
with the old foreign aid con-
cepts is more than matched
by senatorial anxiety over
events in the Middle East.
So far as the Senators have
been able to tell, Dulles is bet
ting on a realignment of the
Arab bloc which will freeze
out President NaSser of Egypt.
He seems to feel that former
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08
BY the Associated Press

The administrations civil
rights bill today bumped into
at least another weeks delay in
the Senate Judiciary Commit
tee.
Only seven members, one
short of the legal minimum
needed to transact business,
showed up for committee ses-
sion. The seven waited around
for nearly an hour before Chair
man Eastland, Democrat of Mis-
sissippi. finally called off the
meeting.
No further session of the COM
mittee is scheduled until next
Monday.
Even staunchest hackers of
the measure had held little hope.
however. that they could get a
vote today on the bill. A bloc
Of Southern members. including
Senators EaStland, Erwin, Demo-
crat of North Carolina; DIN d.
Johnston, Democrat of South
Carolina. and Mcclellan. Demo-
crat of Arkansas, is fighting it
Hennings Urges Action
Earlier Senator Hennings had
proposed that the committee
agree to act on the legislation a
week hence.
Senator Erwin. said in advance
North Carolina. said in advance
Of the meeting that he would
urge the committee to request
Attorney General Brownell tc
come before it and testify on the
legislation
In a statement yesterday. how
however. Senator Clifford p
Case. Republican of New Jersey
called on congressional leaders
to speed action on the civil
rights bill and on President
Eisenhower's requests for school
aid and refugee legislation.
He said Congress is approach
ing an Easter recess, tradition
ally the halfway point in the
legislative session." but that
none of these recommendation;
of the President has been acteC
on by Senate committees.
House Unit Okays Bill
A civil rights bill closely con-
forming to Mr.. Eisenhower's pro-
posals has been approved by the
House Judiciary Committee, hu,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08
DORIS FLEESON
Dulles New CHALLENGE
Secretary Viewed as Facing Demand
For Fresh Foreign Policy Approach

Foreign aid and the threat
Of war again in the Middle
East are the double feature
in the Senate caucus room
this week.
What special committee
of Senators from Foreign Re-
lations. Appropriations and
Armed Services proposes to get
If it can is an explicit account
of administration policy in
these two areas. The group
has been struggling with the
problem for some time, and
the nebulous character of its
findings has rendered it more
than somewhat frantic.
Secretary of State John
Foster Dulles is the lead-of
witness. Mr.. Dulles has just
been disentangling himself
publicly once more from the
too fervent compliments of
another admiring Time maya
zine biographer. There may
be mention of this phoenix
too frequently but the general
nature of the new challenge
TO Dulles is different.
What is required of him now
is a strong and creative Of
fensive. The Presidents foreign
aid program is in danger. 1t
has always been the principal
target Of the economy bloc,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08
.1o Diplomats Begin
7 our of California

SAN FRANCISCO. April 8 up,
Nineteen diplomats Of the
Americas, an interrupted flight
from Washington quickly for
gotten, swung today into a good
will" tour of California.
The 10, including l6 ambassa-
doris. are their countries repre-
sentatives in the council of the
Organization of American States
a sort Of hemisphere United
Nations.
They hope their Pan American
Week tour Of California will
further inter-American under
standing. and call greater atten.
ton to their organization.
The first three days OF the
week will be spent in San Fran.
cisco. and the last three in Lo'
Angeles. with a one-day tour Of
Yosemite National Park in be-
tween.
A plane carrying IA Of the dip.
lomats from Washington to Sar
Francisco developed motor trou,
BILE over Nebraska yesterday, anc
put down in Denver.
The plane was taken TO han
gar for a check, and the grouI
was placed on a later fight.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08

There were worried faces in
Washington when Britain an
nounced last week that it will
reduce its military budget so
drastically that by 1861 it's
armed forces will be little
more than a constabulary.
The contemplated cuts were.
of course. known to our policy
makers. Prime Minister Mac
milan disclosed the general
terms to President Eisenhower
and Secretary of State Dulles
during the Bermuda confer
ence last month.
Mr.. Macmillan told them
that Britain's economy is
under such strain that only by
cutting public expenditures to
the bone can she be expected
to survive. And the most
popular cuts for the increas-
ingly unpopular Conservative
government could be made
only in the military expendi-
lures.
The naked truth is, how
ever. that the London gov
eminent is now openly ad-
hitting that it can no longer
assume the position of a great
power and it must plan in
diligently to take an honor
able place among the secon-
Diary world nations.
The London government has
decided on drastic curtailment
or complete withdrawal of its
forces in West Germany. Libya.
and Korea. Within the next
two years it contemplates NOV
ing its forces out of Malaga
and Singapore and reducing
the present 20.000-man Hong
Kong garrison to a mere local
police force. There are negotia-
tons coming along for Ameri-
can ships to evacuate British
citizens from that crown coll
only in case of an emergency
The British government con-
siders it a likely possibility
that China's dictators may fol-
low President Nasser's ex-
ample in his handling of the
Suez Canal and demand that
Britain's leasehold on Hong
Kong be terminated before il
expires in 1888.
What concerns us immedi-
ately is the fate of NATO. on
which the American people
have spent so many billions and
which has been represented to
them as the only bulwark of
the Western Free Worl d
against Communist aggression.
Despite the statistical dress
ing up" of the power of NATO.
1t is an open. secret that that
military organization has never
reached the power agreed on by
all its members at the Lisbon
conference in 1852.
In the last 10 months its
strength has been greatly di-
minished. The French were
compelled to withdraw the
bulk Of their highly trained
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08

Representative James Rich
ards will be able with his 5000
million kitty to push along
that realignment.
Among his inquisitors Dulles
will find men who refuse to
dignity such an optimistic
attitude as a policy. They will
want to know how he is pre-
pared to meet a situation in
which Israel, feeling her sur
vival is at stake. declines to
wait until the Soviet Union
has had time to rearm Presi-
dent Nasser.
The tension here has been
increased by the revolution
airy new British defense pol
icy which seems TO admit that
the British Isles cannot be
defended in atomic war. Dep
uty Secretary Of Defense
Reuben Robertson will follow
the Secretary of State to the
stand for an explanation of
what the Pentagon intends to
do about that.
Now that the first shock is
past. there is an inclination
in some quarters to praise the
British for having the cour-
age to break with old patterns
and face up to new neces-
sites. Those who share this
view are represented in the
caucus room: their great de-
mand upon Dulles and Rob-
ertson will be for new ideas,
not defensive explanations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08
A 7rovesty on Government

interests for one party to win
the Congress and another the
White House. It is all very
well for the wishful thinkers
and those who wish to foster
propaganda for their own
party to claim that the coun-
try in the 1856 election gave
the Democratic Party, as such,
a vote of confidence" in the
national elections by permit
ting it to win an extra seat in
the Senate or a few seats more
in the House, than the Repub-
licans got. But, by the same
token, the people gave a strik-
ing vote of confidence" to the
ma tional and international
leadership of President Eisen-
hover. Who then really does
represent the national interest
now?
The spectacle of the House
and Senate committees in
Washington trying these days
to cut the budget by the meat
axe" method is a sorry exam
pie of divided and irresponsi-
BILE government. They pick
out items in a sort of vindic-
tive Spirit--to see who can pu',
the other party in a hole. Thus
as in the row over the postal
service, the Nation is bound to
suffer.
It's about time some Mod
ern" Republican or Modern"
Democrats came up with a
proposal to modernize our
constitutional system so as to
make the legislative and the
executive branches together re-
sponsible more directly to the
people in some modification of
the parliamentary system. OBJ
solete forms of government are
risky in an atomic age. The
power of decision cannot be
widely distributed in resolving
either national or information
al questions today.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08
Nation Seen as Suffering Under System
In Which Neither Party Is Accountable

Under a system where poll
tics reigns supreme and
spending" is the supposed
test of liberalism" it might
be thought that the reformers
who from time to time have
brought forth proposals to
"reorganize" Congress would
be pointing with righteous in
dignation at an Anticipated
system of government which
allows the expenditure of
about ST. billion a year to be
made the subject Of political
whim and selfish caprice.
In Canada. in Britain. in
Australia, in New Zealand. in
South Africa, in every modern
government where the parlia-
mentary system is in vogue
there couldn't be a dispute over
Just one or two items in the
budget. If a serious contro-
verSy arose it would mean that
the size and nature of the en-
tire budget was being chal-
lenged and it would be up to
the party in power to get a
vote of confidence" in the leg
islative body or carry the issue
to the country in a general
Election.
This is known in the par
lance of the political scientists
as a responsible government"
This is because at all times the
people can hold to strict ac-
countability the party in power
and fix the responsibility for
what is being done by both the
national legislature and the ex-
ecutive at the same time.
When separate elections are
held in this country, as, for
example, for seats in Congress
and for the presidency, it is
possible because of the varied
nature of local and sectional
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08
Ten in House
Ask Study on
Envoy
BY the Associated Press

Ten House members joined to-
day in introducing a resolution to
set up commission TO study
how to expand and "Modernize"
the United Foreign Service.
The Commemorative Demo-
Gratis and five Republicans-said
in a statement that thousands of
able young Americans are not
even thinking of going into the
Foreign Service as n career these
days because they believe For
eign Service officers come from
a special social group and be-
cause they don't think they have
enough money.
"A massive TRANSMISSION of
Main Street into the arteries of
our foreign service would elm
mate this dangerous different
teams attitude in our country"
the statement said.
The proposed study commits
sion would cost $4,000 and
would be made up of % persons
B from Congress and IS APP
pointed by the President from
among representatives of busi-
ness. labor. the professions and
schools.
The proposal was sponsored by
Democratic Representatives Boz
land, Of Massachusetts. Edmond
son, Of Oklahoma, Don Mag
nuson, Of Washington, O'Brien,
of New York. and Rogers. OF
Texas: and Republican Repre-
sentatives Garfield. Of New Jer-
sey. Carrigg. of Pennsylvania
Ford. OF Michigan. John j
Rhodes. Of Arizona. and UT. OF
california.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Attorney General Browne the Justice Department
costs less than in 1882 Probable
my big budget again--and get back the team"
Vice President Nixon American aid to Africa
didn't Sibera-or be
wall carpetng for the steppeS.
Postmaster General Summerfed wins fight Con-
for money. lick this fellow Summered-
and the goes for of his stamps.
The Red Cross prepares to buy President Gruenther
1000 home Judging by the that will flow the
purchase price, this must be flood relief item.
Communist Poland thinks SIS million of American aid
isn't enough Say these Poles beginning like
allies
Progress onward and upward division
always wearing out they make shoes where
soles last forever-and the tops out.
Russia threatens annhilate Holland uses Amer-
A-bomb bases Khrushchev getting tired Of
Egypt and Israel hogging the humiliation concession
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08
'Riuhts Bill Vote Held Up
Week in Senate Unit

the Rules Committee has not vet
cleared it for floor debate.
The legislation. among other
things, would empower the At
torney General to go into Fed
eral District Courts to seek in
functions for the enforcement of
civil rights laws. instead OF hav-
ing to rely on criminal prcsecu-
tons.
In protesting against this as
well as other parts of the bill.
opponents have emphasized that
defendants in contempt cases
arising out Of injunctions OBJ
tanned by the Government are
not entitled to a jury trial.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08
DAVID LAWRENCE

What a strange travesty on
government - even modern"
government-that the world
is witnessing today as the
news dispatches tell the people
about the quarrel between the
ecutive and legislative
branches Of the United States
Government on the subject of
postal service.
A whole nation, accustomed
to prompt delivery of mail. its
business institutions dependent
on the speedy transport Of its
communications every day. is
threatened with a collapse of
the postal system in the next
three monthS-and mostly be-
cause the Democratic Party
controls Congress and the Re-
publicans control the White
House and cabinet.
Abroad - even just across
the border in Canada-the
budget is a matter of party
responsibility. Under their
system they couldn't possibly
have one party in control of
the making of the budget and
another party in control Of the
votes Of the legislators who
unloose the purse strings.
But in these days when
much is being said about
Modern" Republicans and
Modern" Democrats the only
things that are modern are
the size and classification of
the particular items in the
budget. The desire to spend
for the public welfare" and
to take in taxes what Peter
earns and give it to Paul is in
principle as old as Roman cir
cuses and other devices by
which the demagogues have
stayed in power since time
immemorial.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08
Democratic Resentment Explained;
President Squelches Rumor as Rot

The National Capitals latest
tempest in its gossip pot seems
to be mostly a case of fear
being father to the thought.
We refer to the reports, Cir
culated by word of mouth and
getting into print here and
there. that President Essen
hover might step out of Office
and turn the job over to Vice
President Nixon.
Angrily the President nipped
this one in the bud at his latest
news conference by calling it
"the worst rot that l have
heard since I have been Presi-
dent"
The significance of the ru-
NOR concerns Vice President
Nixon rather than the Presi-
dent. What it reflected is the
antipathy toward him among
Democrats-which is deep and
bitter among some party lead
ers in Congress-and shared
in milder degree by a few Re-
publicans.
Democrats who feel strongest
about the Vice President lust
can't abide the thought that
he might become President by
some sort of accident or other,
and, should that happen, that
he might be elected which has
been the case with the three
Vice Presidents who stepped
into the Presidency in this
century.
The President was made
very much aware of this Dem
ocratic antagoniSm. as they
desired he should, at the con-
ference which the President
called at the White House a
few days ago to outline his
ideas about meeting the emer-
gency Of a Presidents dis
ability.
Speaker of the House Ray
burn was brusque enough to
reporters after the Presidents
conference with Congressional
leaders Of both parties in OPP
posing the Presidents proposal
for a constitutional amend
ment that would delegate the
Cabinet to determine a Presi-
dents disability and install the
Vice President as Acting Pres
ident.
This turned out to be a pale
reflection Of his blunt words to
the President which leaked out
afterward. He suggested that
TO give this matter such i'm
portance as would be done by
a letter from the President TO
Congress, which was first in
tended. would raise the pos
sibility OF step-down by the
President to the people.
The doughty Speaker told
the President frankly that the