davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-09-19

Freedom of the press is basic freedom.
1t is the mainstay of all the other freedoms.
Yet there has been growing fear that this
freedom is in danger, because of govern
mental restrictions on the movement of
the press to sources of information both in
this country and abroad, because of the
Withholding of information to which the
public and the press which serves it has
a right to know, and because of proposed
punitive regulations aimed at newspapers
and other publications.
An American Newspaper group has
now issued a declaration of principles. This
states: "The American people have the right
to know as the heirs of Magma Charta, the
nheritors of the privileges and immunities
of the English Common Law and the benefi-
ciarieS of the freedoms and liberties guar
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-09-19
++ The American Way *

sordid trial which followed,
held the Mortified attention Of
the whole country. But now,
what is our reaction to a situa-
ton in a single big American
city when there is in the news"
papers the record of a juve-
nile murder or attempted muir
der almost every day of the
week over a period of months?
This IS not the story of
merely unruly youngsters
just willful boys who will be
boys"-but of boys (and girlsl
who will be murderers and
thieves. Of course. this awful
performance has been more
obvious in the large cities be-
cause they are vast and be-
cause living conditions in
many parts of them are so
bad. But it is not confined to
large cities. 1t is, Of course,
worse in New York-so bad in
fact that the Police Department
has modified 600 special police
to deal with this strange
scourage. In Chicago we read
of four teenagers stopping
priest, slugging him and steal
ing his camera. In Arizona,
kids aroused by liquor held up
a man, murdered him and took
$3.50 from his pockets.
1t is reported that in one
city juvenile crime has quad
rupled. In another small city
there were six juvenile mur-
ders in six months. Arrests of
young offenders of all sorts
have been on the increase
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-09-19
The Right To Know

anteed them by the Constitution and the
Bill of Rights of the United States
"To exercise this right citizens must be
able to gather information at home or
abroad, except where military necessity
plainly prevents; they must find it possible
to publish or relate otherwise the informa-
ton thus acquired without prior restraint
or censorship by government; they must be
free to declare or print it without fear of
punishment not in accord with due process;
they must possess the means of using or
acquiring implements of publication; they
should have freedom to distribute and dis
seminate without obstruction by govern
ment or by their fellow citizens"
The group has pledged itself to resist
by every appropriate means every encroach-
ment upon the peoples right to know.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-09-19

generally. In one large city,
$4,000 juvenile offenders were
arrested in a year-and this
represented an increase of
200 percent. In New York City,
Police Commissioner Kennedy
has reported that Juvenile Of
tenders under 16 have become
a shocking problem. Rape by
this age group increased 43
percent, sodomy 100 percent,
arson 1872 percent, stealing
automobiles 36 percent and
robbery Is percent. Of course,
there has always been GER
tain amount of crime among
children Of poor and unem-
ployed parents. But it is great
er now in spite of the fact that
there is less poverty and al
most no unemployment, and
that wages are higher than at
any time in our history.
Certainly there must be some
root causes of all this. / do not
pretend to know precisely
what they are, but there are
one or two which stand out as
especially prolific in the field
of Juvenile crime. For one
thing, employment now is at
the highest ever known, which
one would think would pro-
duce better home conditions.
Instead, full employment must
bear some share of the respon-
sibility for juvenile crime. For
instance, this tremendous en-
ployment means that in mil
lions of homes where there are
Continued on Page 3-BE
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-09-19
Federal Bureau Lobbyists

The first reaction of the aver
age citizen to a Federal economy
drive is that some of the govern
ment inefficiency and padding
which is so apparent on occasion
will be removed. That, too, is the
normal intention of the White
House and Congress. At this
point, however, subtle processes
often begin to operate. This can
mean that the processes of demo
cracy break down and the pro-
cesses of bureaucracy become
paramount. Like spoiled child
whose candy has been taken
away, the operators of Federal
empires begin a campaign to
teach Congress lesson.
When this happens, govern
ment facilities located in the
State or districts of key economy
advocates in the Senate and
House of Representatives are
suddenly hit by economy direc-
tives from government bureaus
in Washington. Families and
friends of workers who thus feel
the blow of the economy axe are
quick to react. Instead of the
elimination of duplicated effort
and the deflation of the empires,
personal vendettas can be, and
sometimes are, carried out. This
is the lesson many members of
congress have experienced
Looking at these influences, it
is apparent that the various
branches of the Federal govern
ment are among the most pow
erful lobbies with which Con-
gress must contend.
In another approach, one vet
eran member of Congress re-
Gently told me it was his expert
ence that each time a decrease
in the military budget is under
consideration, rumors of imnlin-
ent national peril seemed to
spring from all sides. These in
cluded the presence of unidentl-
fled submarines mysteriously
prowling in our continental wat
ers and suggestions of various
crises about to occur.
The devices used by Federal
agencies to perpetuate and en-
large themselves are manifold.
This does not mean that there
is no interest in our bureaus in
cleaning house when house clean
ing is needed. However, it is
obvious that tften the most
transparent press>Tes are direct
ed toward Capitol Hill to gain
the budget detectives of various
agencies.
New immigration Law
One bill which the President
is now considering involves a
change in our laws relating to
immigration. Although this has
been a highly controversial issue
in Washington for many years,
the action by Congress in the last
days before adjournment changes
only those aspects of the present
law about which there has been
Continued from Page 2-B)
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-09-19

One-fifth of the nations $4,000, ,00O,0
wage and salary income is earned by
women.
Three out of every ten married women
are working, as are two out of every five
mothers with school-age children.
Six out of every ten working women
are married, as are two out of every five
mothers with school-age children.
Since 1850 the largest source of new
workers in the labor force has been women
in their middle and later years.
If we may be forgiven for scrambling
metaphors, we'd say: "The hand that rocks
the cradle has a great many irons in the
fire"
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-09-19
Women at Work

The man who persists in the belief that
woman's place is in the home, and prefer
ably in the kitchen, should leave the home
more often to find out what is going on
outside.
The most startling development, accord
ing to the National Manpower Council, is
the steady departure of women from the
home. The council finds that
One-third of all women IA years old and
over are now in the labor force in any given
month.
More than tWo-fifths work in the course
of year-about 100000 women.
Women will account for at least half
Of the ten million persons expected to join
the labor force between 1857 and 1883
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-09-19
WHAT'S BEHIND THE
JUVENILE CRIME WAVE?
BY John T. Flynn

A good many years ago the
nation was Mortified by the
news that two young men--of
wealthy families and with un-
usually high intelligence and
education-murdered a boy
for the sheer fun of it. The
case shocked the minds of the
American people for many
months. Here, indeed, was
something new in the annals
of crime. And the crime itself,
together with the long ard
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-09-19
News Of 10
Years AGO

Carlos L. Archer, 81, son of
Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Archer, of
Caldwell, was seriously injured
Friday night when trailer
truck in which he was riding
collided with a small pickup
truck near Syracuse, New York.
Representative George c. Phil
pot, of Sumlnerfield, has re-
ceived word from H. A. Rider,
Commissioner of the Division of
Conservation and Natural Res
ources of Ohio, Columbus, that
work on the Seneca Lake pro-
ject would begin in the near
future.
Janice Bishop, IA, daughter of
Supt. and Mrs. Ward Bishop, of
Summerfield, remains in a seri-
Gus condition at a GAINESVILLE
hospital, when she suffered head
Cllu llCAh IllJ uI lNS Ill q IL can
automobile accident near her
home, Sunday evening.
Births - Mr.. and Mrs. Merle
Barnhart, Caldwell, are the par
ents of a six pound boy born
Saturday morning in the Good
Samaritan hospital.
CTC and Mrs. Pete KuSnerak,
of Dahlgren Proving Grounds,
Virginia, are the parents of a
son born Sunday at the naval
hospital.
1t. Colonel C.. V. Grafton, u. S.
army liaison officer, stationed at
GAINESVILLE, spent last Friday in
Caldwell, in connection with re-
turning Noble county overseas
veterans, who lost their lives in
the various theatres of opera
tions but are being returned tc
this country for burial.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-09-19
Political Matters and Otherwise
JESS S. HARRIS
By JESS S. HARRIS

pleasing to his legion of Noble
county friends and admirers, as
we'll as elsewhere throughout the
state of Ohio.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-09-19

The Muskingum county grand
jury has recommended that &
new court house be erected in
GAINESVILLE, occasioned by the
need for expanding facilities of
the sheriff's department for
handling prisoners.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-09-19

Two prisoners confined in the
Louisiana state penitentiary were
brutally hacked to death in their
sleep last Thursday night by
unknown fellow prisoners. Their
dead bodies were discovered the
next morning and an mvestiga-
ton was at once started. Revenge
is suspected as the cause.
Eight hundred thousand gov
ernment employees were drop
ped from the nations payroll
during the month of August, ac-
cording to reports. If true, that's
big saving to the taxpayers.
But maybe the saving goes into
foreign aid.
The first snow of the season
anywhere in the United States
fell in Wyoming on Tuesday
morning of last week. This was
followed by one inch of rain.
Constant raise in labor wages
bringing about initiation has
financially brought Argentina to
bankruptcy. Argentina is the
second largest nation in South
America. Uncle Sam should take
notice.
Secretary of Agriculture Ben
son has stated that he will not
resign and that he will remain
4 the job through the remand
er of the Eisenhower administra-
ton, despite the protest of farm
ers in all sections of the nation.
All Of his acts are upheld by
President Eisenhower, who has
the utmost confidence in him as
a man and as a member of his
cabinet, and has said that he
will not ask for the resignation
of Secretary Benson, which set
ties the matter, if carried out.
1t is firmly believed by many
of the friends Of Senator John
w. Bricker that he will consent
to seek election next year to the
third term of his highly COM
mendable senatorial career.
Should he finally consent to do
so he unquestionably would
have no serious opposition in
his campaign for the nomination
at the May primary election. His
acceptance would be highly
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-09-19
MacksDurg

The village of Macksburg has
the distinction of being located
in two counties, part in Noble
and part in Washington, and in
the old days the postoffice was
first located in one and later
in the other, mostly due to
whichever political party was IN
power. Back in the 1905 and
early '80's the village was in
the midst of the greatest oil
boom and development ever
known in this section. In the
course of years, millions of bar
rels of crude Oil were shipped
by rail to the markets.
The father of ALI Landon, the
Republican nominee for presl-
dent in 1886, then the governor
of Kansas, resided in nearby Elba
and was the oil gauger for the
territory. ALI spent his babyhood
and early childhood days with his
parents in Elba and later went
with them to Kansas.
Following the end of the oil
excitement and development, the
village became as it is today.
Charles Eagler, a resident of the
'Macksburg community, several
years ago served as member
of the Noble county board of
commissioners for two terms.
The public schools in a Rhode
Island city were closed all of
last week because of the teach
ers having gone on strike in
asking for an increase in wages.
Apparently that was the bottom
roung of the strike ladder.
Some merchants in nearby
| cities are using the radio in an
nouncing that approved credit
may be obtained with no pay
ment being made until the first
of the coming year. Is this due
to sales falling off, the fear o.
| deeper initiation or what? One
answer or that of another is a
good as any.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-09-19

It
valleys During their heyday e
Eagles Nes
Creek Bear Creek Pleasant Ridge Crooked Tree IA"
Paw Koon Holler
Americans studied the famous
McCuey McGuffey certainly the High Priest OF
his Gospels of American way OF Lie
These sturdy landmarks of ndividuasm have all but vaneo
Centralized School Systems Iher
rbuon deveopenent and Republic
enabled blaze of glory They trained
the USA In fact they Enshrlned Ame
Gamma"
children attended little buildings walked from
miles day. carried their lunch in basket or poke
School opened with and short prayer by the eane
from each
the early fall the pupils roasted ana during
the winter they roasted side and froe on the other
filled all smells from the barn. chcken
house. hog and other places All long and
miserable ordeal for the girls who hated to nave
big this combination there
the and of Republic hate to
the However
Time marches bringing change after change some good and
not good. Uncle sam Stlue
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-09-19

Here's a new one just out, to
the writer at least: When a baby
is born it sees things upside
down until it reaches the age of
six or eight weeks. What human
being remembers things at that
age? Not here.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-09-19

Conditions in the city of
Toledo, Ohio, have become such
that women are fearful to appear
upon the streets at night in that
city and number of extra
policemen have been added to
the regular force. The same
conditions are said to prevail
to a lesser degree in some of the
other cities of the northern part
of the state.
In the opinion of the writer of
this column, the next addition
to Caldwell will be on the hill
side Immediately south of town.
This in all probability will de-
velop in some few years yet to
come, but it is coming in the
distance. The old roadway be-
ween the Olive FIGURING mill
and the location of the one-time
Continued on Page 3-B)
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-09-19

The first snow of the season
anywhere in the United States
fell in Wyoming on Tuesday
morning of last week. This was
followed by one inch of rain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-30
BerkeIy Springs
To Vote Tuesduy
BERKELEY SPRINGS. w

BERKELEY SPRINGS, w
Va. May 80 Especially. - A
spirited election is in prospect
here for next Tuesday, some
what in contrast to many years
when there is q dearth OF
aspirants.
For the position Of mayor in
the non-partisan. biennial con-
test James Ambrose Is opposing
Mayor william H. Hunter who
Is filling out an unexpired term,
Recorder Smith Rockwell. 4
veteran in the post, Is being
opposed by Gracean Heare and
Mildred Shisler.
Twelve men have filed for the
f1ve places on Town Council,
They are, Observation-Disclosures
Durham, Frank Willard, ST., and
Lee U. Michael. Two other mem
bers OF the present body-Roy
Rockwell and Tom Stephens
are not seeking reelection.
The other council candidates
are: William Harrison, Carroll
Young, David johnson, Carl T
johnson, E. B. Ruppenthal, ST.,
Albert Kline, Clarence Spring
M. p. Michael and Wilbur Rob-
ertson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-30

other jobs should try to admin
lister the school system"
Clashes over responsibilities OF
the board and the superintendent
have been reported on number
of cases in the past behind closed
doors between the present board
and DR.. Norris.
DR.. Norris, In his only attack
on the board for refusing to re-
appoint him. said the board had
tried to NEEDLE too much in the
administration Of the schools
and that he did not intend to
act as an ONCE boy.
Getting Big Raise
DR.. Whittier will be getting a
big raise in the new Job which
will pay $15.50O. His salary
would have been $500 II he had
remained In Florida as Pinellas
County assistant superintendent
He would have supplemented
this with an $1,000 teaching
assignment at the University Of
Florida.
DR.. Whittier has more outside
interests than time In which to
enjoy them, he conceeds. He
likes to fish, play q little soft
ball, bowl or play the saxaphone
in q music fest with his family.
Finding q home here for his
wife and four children In the
next month or so Is one Of his
biggest headaches right now.
He will return to Florida tonight.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-30

before they can make an arrest.
Under q new law taking effect
at midnight tomorrow night,
police no longer will have to
warn slowpokes. They can arrest
them whenever they observe q
violation.
Another new law permits pass
ing on the right on four-lane and
one-way roads.
Still another raises the max
imum speed limit for school buses
while transporting pupils from
IS to As.
Other new motor vehicle laws
will restrict the use Of flashing
red lights to emergency vehicles
and tow trucks while at the
scene of an accident and require
the licensing Of driver training
schools.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-30

would effect a IS cents per 500
hike in the county tax rate. DR..
Pullen estimated.
Prince Georges County will re.
ceive $l.2 million or $603 per
teacher, and would suffer q az
cent tax hike If 1t lost Federal
aid.
Any change in the Federal aid
program would strike hard at
the counties in the coming year,
since Gov. McKeldin vetoed
State legislation which would
have provided $500 per teacher
in State aid.
The State board, after hear.
ing DR.. Pullen's report, took one
action benefiting the teachers of
the State. 1t authorized the
Towson Teachers College to set
up q masters degree program,
starting In the summer of 1858.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-30
|TV MOVIE HAS
ALL EARMARKS
OF LIVE SHOW

A woman shrieked in the
night and Fairfax County
police responded promptly.
woman screaming for
help" the assignment to
Police Pvt. d. w. Kris read.
His report:
Upon investigation Of
this complaint, I determined
that the screaming was
coming from the second
floor Of q house in the TOO
block Of Jefferson avenue
where the occupants were
watching q late television
movie and had the volume
turned up loud.
mo police action taken"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-30

recognize the higher speed limit
even If the new signs are not
posted.
Other State speed limits are
unchanged, except that trucks,
which are required to 60 10 miles
an hour slower than passenger
vehicles, will be able to travel
as fast as so miles an hour on
the limited access expressways
where the new 60-mile maximum
will apply.
The 55-mile-an- hour limit will
continue for roads such as the
Richie highway between Balti-
more and Annapolis, which are
divided but do not have con-
trolled access. Top passenger
car speed for all other roads will
remain at so miles an hour.
Law Is Strengthened
It's against the law now to
drive SO slowly that the normal
and reasonable movement of
traffic Is impeded, but police are
required to issue q warning
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-30

hour on divided, limited or con-
trolled access highways, such as
the Washington National Pike,
the John Hanson Highway and
the Maryland end Of the Balti-
more Washington parkway.
For the time being the 55-mile
limit will remain on the Federal
end of the Baltimore parkway,
which is patrolled by Federal
Park Police. but a spokesman for
the National Park Service said
the Federal speed limit I'M
doubtedly will be raised soon.
State Limits Followed
He said it is policy for the
Federal service to make its speed
limits comply with those Of the
State in which its roads are
located.
1t will be about two weeks
before the Maryland Roads
Commission has changed all its
55-mile limit signs to so miles
an hour. according to Traffic
Director George N. Lewis, jr.
But State police said they will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-30
Critz Girls Essay Wins

Nancy Ruth Plaster, a student
at Hardin Reynolds Memorial
High School. Critz. Va. has won
first place in an essay contest
among high school students
sponsored by the Virginia State
AFL-CIO. Other winners are
James Scoville. Washington-Lee
High School, Arlington. second,
and John 8. Kolodziej. Norfolk
Catholic High School, third.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-30
Montgomery Officials
Meet New School Head
BY CHARLES L. HOFFMAN

Montgomery County officials
yesterday met DR.. c. Taylor
Whittier, Of st. Petersburg. Fla,
who will become the new county
school superintendent.
DR.. Whittier is q big man
6-foot-2 and more than 400
pounds-with Q soft voice. He
was in town to accept the post
now held by DR.. Forbes H. Norris.
DR.. Whittier said he felt the
argument over progressive and
traditional education Is caused
primarily by confused think
ing that has got people upset."
1T results from q lack Of
real understanding" he said.
Backs Scientific Techniques
DR.. Whittier said no one
wanted to minimize the funda-
mentals but added that he felt
they were not enough. He said
he believed in using every scien-
tiflc teaching technique avail
able. and noted that many Of
them had been developed at the
University Of Chicago where he
received his three degrees.
I'VE have our responsibility
to carry on the kind of educa-
tional experiences for children
this community rightly deserves
and is willing to pay for" he
said.
One Of the biggest headaches
he foresees in his new Job Is the
providing Of adequate classrooms
and teachers to man them.
Maintaining q continuity in
the educational program In q
community with q big teacher
turnover and increasing enroll
ments also Is q problem, he said.
Board to Set Policy
A bird problem he sees In the
new Job is developing an UNI
derstanding Of the whole school
program.
DR.. Whittier told the press he
intended to act as superintendent
while he holds the job but that
he felt the board had to be re-
sponsible for policy and had to
be kept fully informed on school
affairs.
At one point, describing board
members as non-professional
members Of the community he
said:
'I'don't think busy people with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-30
Tax Change Opposed

CHARLOTTESVILLE, May 30
R.-A resolution opposing a
proposed change In the State
corporation Commission
method Of assessing public serv-
Ice corporation property for local
taxation has been adopted by the
Executive Board Of the League
of Virginia Counties.