davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-22

willy head Of Syria's Army INTEL
ligence, who have returned only a
few days ago from their sudden
pilgrimage. to Cairo. 1t has now
been reconflrmed that the Syrian
army constitutes part of the uni
fed Syro-Egyptian forces which
are under the command of Abdel
Hakim Amer. Egypt's minister Of
War and Chief of STAFF Of the
Egyptian armed forces. Thus, at
least on paper, any attack on
Syria Is an attack on Egypt.
The real strength of Egypt in
the Arab world does not derive
primarily from her alliance with
Syria. but rather from the con-
tinued popularity Of Canal Abdel
Nasser as the hero Of Arab ma
tionalism. It is almost impossible
to convince the man in the street
that Arab nationalism in Egypt
is, at least in part. a function Of
Egyptian nationalism.
The Egyptian radio station, the
Voice Of the Arabs. is far more ef-
fective than anyone would think
possible in the Western world.
This writer has had occasion to
listen 10 1t almost daily for the
last three months and has found
1t more powerful. far better or
ganized than any station heard
In the Arab world
To millions of Arabs the Voice
Of the Arabs coming from Cairo
represents the only true voice.
In this writer's opinion, the pres
ent crisis in the Middle East Is
there TO stay for a long time.
Barring a Soviet-American agree
ment over the Middle East, the
cold war will now gradually
solidify IN its new Middle Eastern
pattern. Because Of the difference
In the stage and the setting the
symbols and the criteria Of the
cold war in the Middle East may
not be the same as those with
which we have been familiar in
Europe and the Far East. But
the alignments are clear, the is
sues are becoming clearer and the
initiative is still in the hands Of
the West.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-22

ago. 1t has proven a much sturdier
creature than even its creators
had ever expected. II should be
remembered that these northern
Moslem states have had strong
roots Of cooperation and friend
ship long before the emergence Of
the direct menace of international
communism, and that the Bagh-
dad Pact already had its counter
part in the 1887 Saadabad Pact
concluded between Turkey, Iraq,
Iran and Afghanistan tPakistan
was stu part Of India).
Crescent Is Firm
In the Fertile Crescent area,
1raq. Jordan and Lebanon are
firmly allied to the West. In the
Arabian peninsula, the Saudi
Arabian monarchy together with
the small but oil-rich Arab prin-
cipalities Of the Persian Gulf are
totally dependent on the West. In
Africa, the Sudan, Lydia, Tunisia
and Morocco are firmly steered
in a consistent. pro-Western di-
rection. Only Egypt, Syria and
Yemen in the entire Arab world
have taken a neutral" de, pro-
Soviet course. OF these three
states only Egypt. which is the
richest and most populous Of all
Arab countries, can truly execute
Independent policies.
While herself much less COM
mitted to the Soviet Union than
Syria actually is, Egypt is in
directly responsible for the emer-
gence and continuation Of the
present state Of affairs in Syria.
1t is very likely that had President
Nasser backed Syria's President
Kuwatly In his intention to resign,
when the latter had hurried TO
Cairo for advice after the latest
Syrian crisis .lree weeks ago, the
Syrian pro Communist regime
would have collapsed.
But President Nasser had APP
parently welcomed the shift Of
world attention 10 Syria and thus
chose TO- give full support 10 Gen.
Bizri. the new Syrian Chief Of
Stan, and TO Col. Serial, the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-22
DeuIe

Meanwhile, in Deale, Nd. a
fishing town south of Annapolis,
a Negro. physician withdrew his
6-year-old son from the local
elementary school. previously at
tended BY whites only.
Observation-Disclosures threw bricks
through the windows of the build
ing being used as q classroom
where the boy first went to school.
Last week q 7-foot cross was
burned in the yard of the boys
home.
Maryland Gov. Theodore Nc
Keldin personally took a hand in
the matter and assured the boys
parents. DR.. and Mrs. Harry N.
Jones. that he would use all the
powers of his Office to enable the
boy to return to school safely.
But DR.. Jones said that he
was afraid his child would be
harmed if he returned to the
school, and that he either would
send him to school In Washington.
or move his family to the District.
Young Harry. although shielded
from the Juror, still wonders why
he can't 60 to school, his father
says.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-22
REVIEW OF THE WEEK
Little Rock: End Of Impasse

On June 9, 1855. the superin-
tendent Of schools at Little Rock.
Ark. Virgil 7. Blossom. announced
that Indignation would start In the
city by September. 1857. at the
high school level. The plan had
been worked on since shortly after
the May II, 1854. Supreme Court
odecision banning public school seq
regation.
The key to the program was to
be the completion Of a new high
school on the west side Of town
where few Negroes lived. There
was no hope, DR.. Blossom saidsof
integrating q single Negro pupil
until this school, then on the
drawing boards. was completed.
Officials Of the National Associ-
alton for the Advancement Of Col
ored People objected to the delay
and filed notice that. unless Little
Rock started indignation by the
fall term Of i9S5-two years be-
fore DR.. Blossoms target date
the courts would be asked to force
immediate indignation. But on
August %. 1866, Little Rocks grad
ual desegregation plan, having
been upheld in Federal District
Court. was further upheld by the
Circuit Court Of Appeals and the
NAACP did not take the matter
further.
In the meantime. DR.. Blossom
and the Little Rock School Board
began a campaign of education,
hoping to condition" local cIti-
Gems for the inevitable day. Every
report on the campaign was OPP
timistic. There would be no snaes,
1t was said.
Last summer, the new high
school was completed and Little
Rock seemed prepared to 60 ahead
with integration.
During the summer, however,
the State Chancery Court granted
a petition which ordered the Little
Rock School Board to disregard
the Federal Courts green light"
order. Testifying before the State
court. Gov. Orval Z. Faubus said
that he feared violence and blood
shed would result II the plans
were not delayed.
On August 80, Federal District
Judge Ronald N. Davies set aside
the Chancery Courts order, and
told the school board to proceed.
Gov. Faubus, declaring q state Of
emergency. called <out the Ma
tional Guard to surround Central
High School on opening day. He
said his only motive was to pre-
serve the peace.
When. on September 3. the nine
Negro students who had registered
at Central High came to attend
classes, they were turned away by
the Guard men.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-22
The Break

The break ii the Little Rock
impasse came Friday when Judge
Davies enjoined the Governor and
the Governor withdrew the troops.
There had been considerable spec
ulation over whether Gov. Faubus
would obey the court order. During
the week after his meeting with
the President, Gov. Faubus' atti-
tude had seemed to be stiffening.
He and his aides had been at
tempting compromise with Negro
leaders involving q cooling-of pc
Rod during which time the Negro
students would not attempt to
attend Central High. But the
Negroes we're adamant. They re-
jected first q proposed delay Of
six months. then one Of three
months. one Of one month, and
finally proposal for q two-week
cooling-off period. The Governor
refused to see the press, and late
in the week rejected q summons
to appear in a related racial case
before Judge Davies.
On Thursday. the Governor de-
manded. through his attorneys,
that Judge Davies disqualify him
self. During the course Of the Fri
day hearings. Gov. Faubus' attor-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-22
The Conflict

At that point came the clash
between Federal and State author
ity. Gov. Faubus was ordered by
Judge Davies TO appear IN court
on September 20-Friday-to de-
fend his use Of the militia. An in
conclusive conference was held
between the Governor and Presi-
dent Eisenhower September IA.
Last Friday, Judge Davies, en-
Joined the Governor from further
interfering with indignation at the
school and three hours later Gov.
Faubus withdrew his troops. He
announced the action In a tele-
vision address that clearly dumped
the problem back into the lap of
the Federal Government and dis
claimed any responsibility for
violence that may result when the
school is opened tomorrow to all
races. He also said he would APP
peal the Davies ruling.
President Eisenhower yesterday
expressed confidence that Little
Rock citizens will vigorously OPP
pose any violence by extremists"
this week.
From. his vacation office in New
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-22

four all-white schools in Airing
ton County.
On September IA, Federal Dis
trict Judge Albert v. Bryan Of
Alexandra ordered Arlington to
admit the seven students on
September 23-tomorrow. Judge
Bryan. in effect, was directing Ar
lington County to carry out an
order that had already become
shopworn in litigation.
But last Wednesday, on petition
Of school board attorneys. Judge
Bryan stayed his order, pending
an appeal to the Fourth Circuit
Court Of Appeals, which begins a
new term on October I. Should
the higher court uphold Judge
Bryan's original order, the appeal
would be taken to the Supreme
Court.
Thus. indignation was delayed
in Arlington County-and possibly
all Of Vireinia-for this school
term and perhaps for the entire
school year. The new delay APP
parently viii permit the Byrd
controlled Democratic organiza-
ton Of Virginia to 60 into the
gubernatorial election on Novem-
Der 5 with its massive resistance"
position intact.
But the repriete may not be Of
long duration. Another test Of the
resistance program win come dur
ing the upcoming term Of the
Supreme Court, which also sits
again on October 2. Before the
high court are appeals from Fed
eral court orders for indignation
IN cases originating in Norfolk
and Newport News.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-22

anything, there is more sullenness
and cynicism among the people of
Syria than perhaps In any other
Arab country. Many observers
believe that the slightest sudden
shift in the precarious balance Of
power among the regimes three
allied groups. the army, the Bath
coalition and the bona fide Com
nunists. will cause a total break
down Of the present regime.
But this fact should not be con-
strued to mean that If one waits
long enough the current crisis will
disappear Of its own. The danget
lies precisely in such an attitude.
The Soviets are responsible for
building UP In the Arab world such
a degree Of tension that extreme
solutions begin TO appear as the
only solutions.
Alternate Attitudes
One day, in the last three or
four weeks. the Arab press would
declare that war is about to break
out in Syria. the next-that nothing
will happen because everything is
back TO normal. II Is in such an
atmosphere Of alternating anxiety
and relief, Of tension and relaxa-
ton that Soviet propaganda has
succeeded In making Russia's pres
ence In the Middle East an almost
accepted fact. when only a few
months ago the slightest Soviet
move in the Middle East caused
considerable stir precisely because
1t came from the only big power
not Middle Eastern power.
on the other hand, the Vests
foothold in the Middle East Is,
despite the aftermath Of the Suez
invasion, quite firm.
There is first the protective belt
Of the Baghdad Pact Alliance
which apart from Britain) in
cludes Turkey, the dominant mill
tary power in the Middle East, and
her sister MosleIn states, Iraq, Iran
and Pakistan. It Is worth noting
that In spite Of the difiicult and
somewhat imperfect birth Of this
northern tier alliance" four years
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-22
FlRsTHAND REPORT
FLRsTHAND REPORT
West Still Holds initiative in the Mideost

The author of this up-to-
the-minute appraisal Of the
status Of the Edst-West strug-
gle for the Middle East is
professor of modern Middle
Eastern history at Georgetown
University. He has just re-
turned from three-month
stay in the Middle East during
mitch he provided a number
Of dispatches for this section.
BY II. B. SHARABI
Recent Soviet gains in the Mid
die East-clearly the new focal
point of the cold war-have been
dramatic but by no means de-
cisive. There is little doubt in the
mind Of this writer that the West
still holds by far the stronger
position there.
Any settlement between the
United States and Russia which
would render the Middle East a
"neutralized zone" clearly would,
therefore. amount to diplomatic
surrender on the part Of the West.
II Is clear that Russia cannot risk
direct occupation or control Of
any Mideastern state at present,
and the direct aim Of It's dealings
with Syria. Egypt and Yemen is
an East-West settlement Of that
sort, which would finally give her
a legitimate position in that cru
cial area.
The so-called foothold which
the Soviet now has in Syria is a
very shaky one. To any observer
on the scene 1t is fully clear that
the present Syrian pro-Soviet re-
gime is as unstable as any small
South American dictatorship.
Whatever support this regime
may enjoy in Syria, 1t is based
on factional and individual in
terests within the army and ruling
political groups rather than on
any solid popular backing Of a
definite policy.
II is a commonplace that the
Syrian people have not turned
Communist and are not likely 70. II
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-22
The Te0nsters:
Latent Power

In an economy so thoroughly
dependent on the movement Of
goods from the production line
TO the market place. the IA mil
lion truck drivers, warehousemen
and allied workers Of the Team
sters Union are tremendously i'm
portant.
No building, home, highway or
bridge can be built without the
Transfers. without them food
would never reach the supermar-
ket and milk would be denied
to babies. Gasoline for auto
mobiles and buses and fuel for
homes and businesses would re-
main at their points Of distribu-
ton. In some cities even the
dead cannot be moved TO a burial
ground without a Teamster Union
member at the wheel Of the
hearse.
Last week a civil war within
the labor movement was taking
form that conceivably could even
tually cause this great power to
react in a way that would be
felt by all Americans.
The AFL-CIO, in effect, served
notice on the Transfers, It's larg-
est constituent union. to clean up
or get out Of the united labor
movement. The indictment was
handed down by the federation's
Ethical Practices Committee and
had as its basis the information
divulged by a Senate Committee
on Labor Management Racketeer-
ing. Atu
The Ethical Practices Committee
said that the evidence showed that
outgoing President Dave Beck and
Vice Presidents James Hoffa and
Frank Brewster used union funds
for personal purposes. used their
position for their own profit and
advantage and frequently 10 the
direct detrimep Of the Teamster
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-22
The u. NJ:
Fast Sturt

The opening speeches Of Mr..
Dulles and Mr.. Cromyko to che
U. N. Assembly indicated plainly
that the current session, which be-
gan formally on Tuesday, would
be one Of hot contests.
on the opening day the New
Zealand delegate, Sir Leslie Mum
roe. was chosen as president Of
the Assembly. DR.. Charles Malik,
Lebanese Foreign Minister and
former Ambassador to the United
States, withdrew after q pre-bal-
loting count showed his strength
and that Of the New zealander
almost on par. which would
have meant q harmony shattering
fight If he had stayed in the race.
In the arrangement worked out,
DR.. Malik is virtually assured Of
election to the post next year.
Again arnicably, the newly-in-
dependent Federation of Malaga
was admitted to the q. N. as the
international organization's 82d
member nation. There was no OPP
position. But on. Wednesday the
aEnity was over.
First proposal to run into DIM
Guilty was the Greek bid to have
the Assembly schedule debate on
the Cyprus question. Greece asked
the Assembly to condemn Britain
for atrocities and violation Of
human rights on the violence
wracked Mediterranean island.
Archbishop Makarios Of Cyprus,
leader Of the "enosis" or union
with Greece movement, was on
hand for the occasion. But the
Assembly's powerful Steering
Committee rejected the Greek
proposal. adopting instead a Nor
wegian suggestion that the As
sembly discuss only "the problem
Of Cyprus" in general.
In another agenda decision, the
committee cleared the way for
debate on the Algerian revolt.
France. in q modification Of her
previous position, did not oppose
the item for the agenda. but made
plain that French policy still held
that Algeria was an integral part
Of Metropolitan France and not
subject to international jurisdic-
ton.
Red China lost another prelimi-
nary round IN the perennial battle
to gain U. N. membership. A pro-
posal backed by India and the
Soviet bloc for admission Of the
Peiping government, plus q COM
panion move TO Gust Nationalist
China. lost In the Steering Com
mittee. The action. on q vote Of
nine to four with two abstentions.
blocked any debate on the China
question for this year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-22

Vladimir uyitch Lenil, who
masterminded the Bolshevik coup
In revolutionary Russia, advised
his Communist followers carefully
on the role Of natlionalisrn In the
world revolution he envisaged. In
dependent and colonial countries.
he declared, the pressure Of ma
tionalist aspirations could be used
to bring about characterization. The
Communist role, he said, must be
to support vigorously all such
nationalist movements against
the "imperialists." using native
nationalist leaders and slogans.
Ienins followers have proved
themselves apt pupils. Except
when the pose would interfere
with Moscow's needs Of the mo-
ment, the Kremlin has consist
emily played the part Of cham
pion Of all "downtrodden, captive
and exploited peoples held In
alien capitalist bondage" All too
often. the technique has been
successful.
Today the Soviet espousal Of
the cause Of Arab nationalisul,
true to the Lenin tradition. has
shifted the center Of the cold
war to the strategic Middle East.
Many statesmen Of the West be-
lieve the astute Soviet use Of the
force Of Arab nationalism threat
ems to achieve for Russia what
two centuries or more Of Czarist
politics and war failed to do: A
foothold for Russia In Asia Minor
and In the Eastern Mediterranean.
tSee report By II. B. Sharabi on
this page.l
Close observers are almost
unanimous in their belief that,
as yet. neither the responsible
Arab nationalist leaders nor the
masses they lead see any menace
in communism. Egypt, Syria and
feudal Yemen openly accept
Soviet assistance and the first
two nations have officially de-
clared more than once that they
fear no Interior motives on the
part Of Moscow.
Last week. however, one Arab
nation beset with serious troubles,
both internal and external.
warned q neighbor state that in
ternational communism was in
deed q grave threat. Jordan, in
q note to Syria replying to Syrian
charges that United States in
fiuence was distorting Jordanian
affairs, declared, The future
dangers threatening Arab ma
tionalism and the very existence
of Arabs are Israel and world
zionisin and the new-style i'm
perialisn that Is international
communism"
In deity associating conamu-
nism with the common enemy Of
the Arab world - Israel - King
Hussein'sa government continued
to conform to the pattern Of Arab
unity. On one thing-hostility
TO Isracl--and on very little else.
all the Arab nations can agree.
The Jordanian opinion on inter-
national communism Is unlikely
to have any effect on the present
military regime in Damascus, or
on Cairo. But the West IS under
standably pleased that an Arab
state win publicly tell another
that the free world is not the
only source Of imperialism.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-22
The Outlook

What would be the consequences
Of Teamster expulsion from the
federation? isss-
Among the first AFL-CIO steps
would be the setting up Of a new,
clean" truckers union, as has
already been suggested by Walter
Reuther. head Of the United Auto
Workers. Such a union, the nu-
cleus.o of which might be Teamster
locals now FESTIVE under Beck
Hoffa leadership, probably would
face the same difficulties-on q
larger scale-that face the ALL
Go longshoremen's union, set up
to replace the previously ousted
International Longshoremens AS
ISOLATION. The AFL-CIO long.
shoremen have been signally UNI
successful in their campaign to
become the bargaining agents of
the lockers in New York port,
their most important goal.
Jurisdictional disputes would be
the first source Of friction between
the two unions. Mr.. Hoffa al
ready has announced that, If he
is elected to the Teamster presi-
dency. he will expand its member
ship and its jurisdiction.
AS boss of an unafiliated team
ster union, Mr.. Hoffa's first or
ganizational goal would be truck
drivers in jobs of overlapping
jurisdictions who belong TO unions
other than the Teamster Union.
There are. for example, nom
Teamster truck drivers in the In
ternational Ladies Garment
Workers Union, the United Steel
workers, the United Auto Workers.
the Retail Clerks, International
Association. the International
Union Of Operating Engineers.
and the Brewery. Soft Drink and
Distillery Workers International.
There are, additionally, Team
ster jurisdictional agreements
with unions of machiniSts, plumb
ers, service station workers, auto
garages, construction workers, and
even meat cutters that have con-
tributed to labor peace. however
uneasy at times.
A jurisdictional dispute between
Mr.. Hoffa's Teamsters and the
Retail Clerks Union over who
should organize supermarket
checkers could result in a refusal
of Transfers to haul food to stores
Of an affected food chain. Similar
disputes could immobilize trucks
hauling coal, fuel oil, gasoline,
autos, steel and q wide range of
other items vital to the economy.
1t lis true, of course, that the
Transfers all along has possessed
this potential big stick" But an
outcast Teamster Union headed
BY Mr. Hoffa would have two inn
pelling reasons for invoking. It:
ID To gain an organizational adj
vantage In the inter-union power
struggle, and ca maneuver, to re-
taliate against those who showed
him and his union the door.
Last week, Mr.. Hoffa's CAM
paign for the presidency received
both boost and a challenge. The
Chicago Joint Council, meeting to
decide whether or not to withdraw
its Endorsement Of Mr.. Hoffa, de-
cided to go along with him in
Miami. N
Here in Washington, Federal
Judge F. Dickinson Let's directed
the Transfers Union to show
cause why its election should not
be delayed beyond the September
80 convention. The order was
granted on a petition by q group
Of New York City teamsters who
charged that the upcoming cleo
ton already had been rugged in
Mr.. Hoffa's favor.
This Tuesday Mr.. Hoffa again
will face tho senate compittes.