davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1957-04-17
CONSTANTINE BROWN
British Desperately Need New Markets;
Japan Joins in Pressure ON Woshinqton

Negotiations have started
among the United States,
Britain and Japan to ease the
embargo placed on trade with
Communist China in 1850
after its forces entered the
Korean war.
President Eisenhower and
Secretary Of State Dulles were
convinced by their talk with
Prime Minister Macmillan at
Bermuda that Britain's econ
omy desperately needs new
markets which Britain says it
can find only behind the iron
and bamboo curtains.
The japanese have made
strong representations in
Washington that they cannot
maintain for long their present
industrial prosperity without
trading extensively with their
neighbors across the Yellow
Sea.
Britain and Japan, as well
as France, can buy and sell to
the Communist world what
ever they like without our ap-
proval If they want to take
a chance on losing the money
they receive from US in eco
nomic assistance. The Battle
Act. on the United States
statute books. contains a long
list of strategic and nom
strategic materials which can
not be exported to Communist
countries under penalty of los
ing Americas aid. Many of the
original items have been elm
mated from this list since
1854. But our allies want to
trade practically without re-
strictionS.
The Peiping regime is faced
with one of the worst economic
crises since 1949. The SovietS
can take and have taken care
of China's military needs. The
Peoples Republic itself has
made important strides in
production of modern military
equipment since it's conquest Of
the mainland. What it needs
now to stifle the growing rest
lessness in that country is the
wherewithal to produce con-
sumers' goods, more for export
than home consumption. It
requires modern machine tools
and raw materials to improve
its economy.
From the international point
Of view the Chinese rulers
know that they must be able
to provide nonmilitary goods
to "neutralized" countries,
Burma, Indonesia. Ceylon and
others, lest they go to the
capitalist" camp. They also
feel that while executions are
extremely useful to keep the
population In check. something
must be done for the people
who lack everything and in
despair have often taken q
chance at facing a firing squad.
In the meantime. while
waiting for the result of the
conversations in Washington
to lift most Of the restrictions
on exports to the Communist
countries. the Peiping rulers
have stopped rafting the sa-
Der in regard to Formosa.
Evening star., 1957-04-17
Shermon Adams Believed Directing Fight
Against Development of Public Power

administration and former
Secretary of Interior Douglas
Mckay for helping to hand
over development at Hell's
Canyon to a private power
company. Idaho Power, an abb
sentee-owned corporation which
holds its stockholders meet
ings in Augusta, Me. The
Idaho Power Company was
awarded a license to build three
dams at Hell's Canyon by the
Federal Power Commission.
The way was opened for the
company when Secretary OF
Interior Mckay withdrew from
the FPC a recommendation by
his Democratic predecessor,
Secretary Oscar Chapman. for
construction Of one high dam
by the Government at Hell's
Canyon. The latter was in
keeping with the overall plan
prepared by the Army Engi-
neers for development of the
Columbia River system, of
which the Snake is a tributary.
Now we come to Sherman
Adams, who won't be at Salt
Lake City.
II was he who called Secre-
tary Mckay from the White
House early in the Eisenhower
administration and instructed
him to withdraw the Chapman
recommendation for a high
Federal dam. Thereupon
Secretary Mckay tore UP the
memorandum which he had
drafted supporting the high
Federal dem and prepared an
other to withdraw the previous
recommendation.
So much for Western geog-
raphy. Now for Sherman
Adams geography, to get a
better understanding of why
he is directing the fight
against public power develop
ment. His attitude reflects a
widespread antagonism In New
England among businessmen
against Federal power Develop
ment. They have resisted de-
velopment Of their rivers for
production Of cheap electric
power by comprehensive Fed
eral development. This failure
is a factor in migration Of SO
many mills to the South. Be-
cause Of that migration, much
OF II TO the iva cheap power
territory in the Southeast,
you find deep-seated hostility
toward iva among New Eng
lands members In Congress.
That 10 shared by Sherman
Evening star., 1957-04-17
DORIS FLEEsoN
Cabinet Officer Proves Public Can Force
Congress to Yield Its Power of Purse

Postmaster General Arthur
Summerf1eld has won a great
victory over the Congress. He
has proved that if he has nerve
enough. a cabinet officer can
make cuts in his appropriation
react SO severely on the public
that the public will force Con-
gress to yield its power Of the
purse to the executive branch
That is what happened here
this week. The Postmaster
General spent his appropria-
ton ahead of time and got
more from Congress after he
had refused to deliver the mail
on Saturdays.
The confusion was COM
pounded when the director of
the budget, Percival Brundage.
admitted he didn't know that
postal revenues went into the
general funds of the Govern
ment. Brundage thought more
business would give Summer
field the extra sums needed:
instead the more business the
Post Office got, the deeper in
the hole it went.
1t adds up to quite a per-
formance by a "businessman's
administration" under a Press
Evening star., 1957-04-17
Millions Were Lost in Postal Delay

possible. Under a parliament
tary system the executive and
legislative branches together
take full responsibility for the
budget. Yet in America today
there is no such direct re-
sponsibility, because the Con-
gress Is controlled by one
party and the presidency by
the opposing party.
President Truman had the
same thing to contend with
when the Republicans won
control of Congress in the
middle Of his last term. Other
Presidents have been up
against the same kind of
stalemate in Congress. Only
the most urgent legislation is
passed as the partisans fight
for advantages. and many i'm
portant measures are sabo-
tagged altogether.
Since there Is no immediate
chance for a change to a par
liamentary form Of govern
ment. the American people will
have to learn that in presi-
Dental elections they should
vote for the same party to
control both the legislative and
executive branches Of the
Government.
The 1868 election affords an
opportunity to eliminate di-
vided government by electing
a Republican Congress. The
people cannot change the pres
idency in 1858. but they can
place the full responsibility
on the Republican Party for
the last two years of the
Eisenhower administration.
Then the voters can decide in
1860 whether the record war;
rants a continuance or a re-
lection Of the Republican
Party for the succeeding four
years.
Responsible government"
has long been the dream Of
many who have studied the
weaknesses of the system of
divided responsibility possible,
under our present form. but it
may take a disaster in an
atomic age to bring about the
needed reform.
Reproduction Rights Reseryedl
Evening star., 1957-04-17
Red China Embargo Easing Seen

nese "in exile" will soon, on
their own volition, join the
motherland.
Mao and Chou know that
time is on their side. They
seem convinced that by the
end of this year they will
become. full-fledged members
Of the United Nations at the
expense of the free republic
Of China. And they seem con-
vinced that when the millions
OF Chinese on Taiwan and the
100000 soldiers who live in
hope of reconquering the
mainland see these hopes frus-
trated they may be inclined
to take a chance and listen
to the voices from Peiping.
In the meantime the Chi
nese Communists expect that
their present desperate in
ternal situation will be much
improved by forthcoming trade
with industrial nations which
heretofore were prevented
from dealing with them.
Evening star., 1957-04-17

ident who is a passionate advo-
cate of the division of powers
between the executive. legisla-
tive and judicial branches and
quotes it at the drop of a
controversial question.
Nevertheless there is no dis
position on the part Of men,
oers Of Congress to deny that
Summerfield got away with it.
It rankles. but they are poll
ticians trained to listen to the
voice of the people. They lis
tened-and appropriated the
money. though it rankles.
How much it rankles will
appear when the Postmaster
General comes up for his next
regular appropriation. He can
depend on it that personally
he won't even get a new waste
basket.
But so far he has, with the
Presidents backing, won every
major fight. After he had
persuaded the President to veto
two pay bills. he got a new
classification system he wanted
and Congress didn't. He has put
in a new system Of regional
offices which Senators claim
adds to his costs but not to his
efficiency.
Evening star., 1957-04-17
Interest Rise
On BondsOK'd
BY the Associated Press

Congress has cleared the way
for the Treasury to pay 3A per
cent interest on Government
savings bonds.
The Treasury has indicated II
plans to make the higher rate
effective on all bonds sold on
and after last February /. The
bonds have been limited to
per cent.
The House passed and sent
to President Eisenhower a Sem
ate-approved bill which set the
limit at 3h4 per cent. The orig
inal bill passed by the House set
the rate at 3l2 per cent.
The Treasury, in the face OF
tagging bonds sales, had asked
for discretionary authority to in
crease the rate to q maximum OF
4A per cent. Congress, how
ever. limited the increase to the
immediate boost contemplated
by the Treasury.
The new rate will be realized
on series E bonds by reduction
in the period required for ma
lturity. The present period Of
9 years 8 months would be short
ened to 8 years ii months.
Evening star., 1957-04-17
SummerfieId Scores Great Victory

In a real sense, however, their
hassles are a side issue. The
unpalatable facts are that the
mail has never moved so slowly
and erratically as now and
that postal officials are trying
to handle the postal burdens of
an expanding America with an
Anticipated plant a private in
dustry would have long since
shut down. No new post Offices
Of any size have been built
since 1910 though the mail
burden has more than tripled.
This problem has not been
tackled with courage and vision
at either end of Pennsylvania
Avenue.
Members of Congress have
tried to hold on to the post
otnceS as their private polltlcal
hunting grounds.
The Eisenhower business ad-
ministration has never sent to
the Hill and put its full weight
behind the kind OF change and
modernization required for a
postal system that would meet
today's and tomorrow's needs.
Such a move would be expen-
sive and politically risky.
The Post Office is not an easy
shop to modernize. but Amer
leans have licked worse prob
lens.
Evening star., 1957-04-17
Richards Confers
With SeIuissie

Adds ABABA, Ethiopia, April
II R.-Emperor Halle Selassie
conferred yesterday with James
P. Richards, special envoy for
President Eisenhower's Middle
East doctrine.
while Ethiopia may not be
located directly in the Middle
East Mr.. Richards told a re-
porter, "the country's future and
destiny are directly tied UP with
the Middle East area.
THE Middle East has become
a focal point Of Communist In
filtration and activities"
Mr.. Richards said talks be.
tween his mission and top Ethio-
piaj1 government officials now
ara. In full swing.
Evening star., 1957-04-17

Premier Chou En-lai knows
that military operations
against the island fortress will
not only be more costly than
his government can afford but
that the chances of victory are
very slim. He is now telling the
Chinese on the island that he
loves them dearly and that
they would all-including their
highest civilian and military
officials-be welcomed into the
fold.
Peiping's skillful propa-
ganda, which started several
months ago when Chang Kai-
shek was offered a high posi-
ton in the Peiping govern
ment, Is continuing in daily
broadcasts which play on the
pride of the free Chinese.
They point out that the United
States is treating the head of
the Taipei government as an
"underling" and make much
of the fact that while every
head Of a friendly or neutral
government has been invited
to visit President Eisenhower
in Washington no such invita-
ton has been extended to
Chang.
In a recent broadcast in
Mandarin and several other
dialects, Peiping told the For
mosans that "the Chinese
government has sufficient
strength to liberate Taiwan"
but the reason they prefer to
do so by peaceful means is
that "the Chinese Peoples
Republic does not wish to wit
ness the destruction of their
compatriots' lives and prop
erty through warfare"
Marshal Klementi Voro-
shilov, the nominal chief exec
utive of the USSR, is now in
Peiping. in his first speech
responding to Mao Tse-tung's
welcome he emphasized the
Importance of uniting For
mosa to the Peoples Re-
public" and promised the full
support Of the USSR for that
purpose. But he, too. expressed
his conviction that the Chi
Evening star., 1957-04-17
Soviet Back in U. N.
Health Agency

GENEVA, Switzerland. April
II R.-The Soviet Union yes
terday resumed active member.
ship in the U. N. World Health
Organization after an absence
of eight years.
All the Soviet bloc countries
walked out in 1949 after accus-
ing the organization OF an anti.
Communist bias. More than a
year ago they announced inten-
tion of returning, but could not
agree on the fees payable for
their years of "non-active"
membership. Last years w. H. o.
assembly agreed to accept a
token payment of 5 per cent Of
the normal contribution for each
OF the "non-active" years. The
Soviet government has now ac-
cepted this compromise.
Albania. Bulgaria and Poland
resumed w. H. o. membership
on the same terms recently. The
return of Czechoslovakia, Hun
gary, Romania. Ukraine and
White Russia is expected soon.
Evening star., 1957-04-17
Congress Is Blamed for Lack Of Action
After Early Warning by SummerfieId

that hasn't been specifically
appropriated by Congress.
So 1t all comes back to the
simple fact that there is no
harmony between the legisla-
tive and executive branches of
the Government. Those pious
promises of cooperation made
last fall by the Democrats have
gone up in smoke-at least so
far as they concern voting at
the right time the funds need
ed for the proper support of
the Post ONCE Department.
Postal rates should. of
course, be equitably increased
all along the line. but the need
for reform in handling postal
receipts is of even greater i'm
portance. It turns out. for in
stance, that all the money COL
lected for the sale Of postage
stamps doesn't go into the
Post Office Department to be
used by it. but into the general
treasury, which is certainly an
unbusinesslike procedure. For
the Post Office has to ask for
appropriations for every dollar
1t spends. In any private busi-
ness, the funds taken in can
be used to pay expenses, but
not in the Post Office De-
partment.
The Postmaster General was
right in curtailing service
because he didn't have the
money to pay for 1t. and Con-
gress was wrong in failing to
heed his warnings and give
him the necessary funds in
time.
Now, however, with the
emergency here. Congress is
acting promptly, but the
American people are asking
why they had to be injured
before the Democratic Con-
gress took enough notice of
the dilemma to do what ought
to have been done several
weeks ago.
In no other country in the
world that boasts Of a free
government would a situation
such as has just arisen be
Evening star., 1957-04-17
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Congress emergency SAL million for the Post
ONCE AL mail happy. including Mr. and Mrs
pant-and all the little occupanties.
Congress loath to give the U. S. Information Agency
There's always suspicion Washington Of agencies
that do something with information besides conceal It,
Scott Mcleod pronounced McCoud opposed Ambas-
sador to Ireland because he pal Mccarthy
might say Scott Is sitting on Mcleod thirteen
teamser strong-arm tells voting seven
times in union election He voted split ticket
for the union bosand three times against his opponent
complete television bust network goes
the air before 1t collects at least three TV awards
In you don't understand the big bow-up in Jordan
the administration ro-Esenhower, pro-Nasser-and
protesting it's neither.
The Penagon hints the atom-po airplane will be
ready by 1863 1t will be called the Charlie WILSON, capable
causing endless uproar without pausng to refuel
Evening star., 1957-04-17
DAVID LAWRENCE

Incalculable losses running
into many millions of dollars
were suffered by the American
people bacause of the failure of
the Nations post Offices to
provide over the last week end
the service normally given.
Business mail was delayed.
and many deliveries which had
to reach distributing centers on
Mondays missed connections.
thus causing financial losses
that now must be borne by in
dividual businesses. In certain
types of business there is no
way to make up the losses.
/. This is an example of ire
sponsible government. The
blame belongs to those voters
who last autumn gave the Ma
ton a Democratic Congress
and deprived the President of
the majority support needed
to control the action Of the
committees in the legislative
branch of the Government.
The Democrats today are in
control of both houses of Con-
gress. They got ample warning
last January that the Post
Office Department was running
short Of funds due to the in
creased volume of mail. But
the Democratic leadership
didn't act in time, and a big
bill now has to be paid by
innocent bystanders.
There is. of course. the usual
outburst of political fury and a
demand from the Democrats
that Postmaster General Sum-
merfield resign. But the rec
ord shows he isn't to blame.
He warned Congress last jan
uary that his funds were run
ming low. Even though the di-
rector of the budget didn't
come up with the needed re-
quest for more funds till
March Is, still there was am
pie time for Congress to act
before mail service had to be
curtailed. At this point, it
should be noted that the Post
master General is prohibited
by law from spending money
Evening star., 1957-04-17
Tale About Assistant President

Adams. He revealed that by his
attempt to prevent the chair
man of the Securities and Ex-
change Commission, J. Sinclair
Armstrong. appointed Tuesday
by President Eisenhower TO be
Assistant Secretary Of the
Navy. from turning over cer-
tain information to a congress
sional committee investigating
the Dixon-Yates deal. That
deal. you may recall. was an
attempt to cut under IVA,
which was instituted by the
Eisenhower administration and
finally abandoned when ex-
posed by the Senate investi-
cation.
We see Sherman Adams
hand in the Hell's Canyon i'm
broglio again in the last Con-
gress. He put heavy pressure
on Republicans in the Senate
to line them up and, with the
help of handful of Southern
Democrats. to defeat the Morse
Pfost bill that would have null
lifted the FPC license to Idaho
Power and authorized Federal
development at Hell's Canyon.
There very likely will be talk
at the Salt Lake City Republic
can meeting about Hell's Can
yon and what 1t means in
politics, though 1t is unlikely
anyone will be so bold as to
point the finger at Sherman
Adams. But it is ne who is
the real driving force in the
administrations war on public
power development.
Credit should 20 where credit
Is due.
Evening star., 1957-04-17
THOMAs L. STOKES

This is tale about Sherman
Adams. major domo in the
Eisenhower administration un-
der his innocent title OF "As-
sistant to the President"
1t is a tale. too, about geog-
raphy, Sherman Adams eeog-
rapny in New Hampshire.
where he once was Governor.
and how 1t reacted politically
on a lot more geography
spread in magnificent splen-
dor of mountain, forest. plain
and swiftly coursing rivers in
the West and Northwest and
on the Pacific Coast and also.
indeed, in the South.
But we'll stick to the West.
first. This will take us to Salt
Lake City and another one Of
Republican National Chair
man Meade Alcorn's regional
conferences on May 3 and 4.
There will gather Republican
political leaders from nine
States - Oregon, Washington,
California. Idaho. Nevada,
Utah. Arizona. New Mexico
and Montana. The purpose of
these regional meetings, Of
which there are six altogether.
is to try to find out how the
Republican Party can win next
years congressional elections.
That being the aim. much
study must be given at Salt
Lake City to the sad news the
Republican Party got In some
parts Of that vast area last
November. especially in Wash
ington. Oregon, and Idaho. For
one OF the biggest election
surprises was the earthquake
which. despite the Eisenhower
victory for President, shook UP
that region. 1t elected Demo-
cratic Senators in oregon,
Washington and Idaho, added
two Democratic House men,
bers to make 1t three out Of
four Democrats in the States
House delegation here along
with two Democratic Senators,
elected Democratic Governors
in Oregon and Washington. and
made wide gains in State legis-
latures.
Admittedly a factor in this
Democratic upheaval was that
big gorge with the intriguing
name--Hell's Canyon-in the
Snake River along the Oregon
Idaho boundary. A big piece
Of geography. Democratic cam
qidates made an issue Of IL.
Khey attacked the Eisenhower
Evening star., 1957-04-17
Power Proqrum Uroed

BUENOS AIRES. April II up.
A government advisory COM
mittee wants Argentina to be-
gin a huge power dam building
program at once. A report said
the program is needed to solve
a rising power shortage and to
Evening star., 1957-04-17

cut fuel imports now needed for
oil and coal-burning power
plants.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1957-08-15
THE GLACIER REPORTER BROWNING GLACIER MONTANA
Weekly News Report On Doings
Under The Dome In Washington

obtain them elsewhere.
The question also arises con-
corning Frances eventual posses
sion Of these super bombs. Will
the French be eventually forced
to use them to retain control in
Algeria? Would the use of these
weapons set off general war in
the northern African countries?
President Eisenhower hopes to
keep these super weapons out Of
the hands Of power and revenge
crazed small dictatOrs and he
knows that the sooner some sort
Of control. inspection or limita.
ton system is worked out the
safer the world will be. The arms
race could result in the doing
out Of nuclear weapons to lesser
powers if it is not stopped.
For that reason. and others.
the Administration pushed hard
in recent days in London for
some sort Of first step agreement
with the Communists which
might slow down the dangerous
race in arms between the two
camps-a race which is uncheck.
ed. and which could finally result
in a highly dangerous situation
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1957-08-15
Thursday. August Is, 1867

rounds that perhaps all these
deaths fit into the ruthless de.
sign of the Communists too close.
ly to be coincidence.
The draft, which Americans
have now known for many years,
is causing little Inconvenience
today. Because many draft
boards have few or none to call,
some are saying that defeat Of a
universal military training bill a
few years back now appears to
have been a blessing.
However. the draft law still
allows too many American boys
to grow up weak and unfit, and
also unframed. say UNIT back.
ers. They hope the slight need
for the draft will lead to senti.
ment to junk 1t and to a law
which will require all physically
fit American boys to get a mini.
mum Of military training and In.
StructiON.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1957-08-15
Yellow Kidney Memorial
Ceremony August 70

There will be . special observ.
anee on August 10 In memory Of
ic!lo" Kidney who died Nov.
1866. consisting Of . big feast
from !l:00 an. 70 1880 pm.
IN the evening there will be .
dance IN honor Of his memory.
and blankets and other gifts will
be distributed 70 many Of his
friends and visitors.
Before his death yellow KID.
ney had done . lot Of travelling
with other groups Of Dlacklest
In Boston. New York. Minnesota
and Spokane. he also took part
In the motion picture. "Susanah
Of the Mounties." In the late 30's
and made several trips 70 wash.
ington. y. {.
Just recently an article VA
found written By one Of his many
friends. Who'd Reiss. for whom
he used TO pose.