davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1957-12-15
UnitedNutions:
End of Session

The United Nations General
Assembly wound up its 18th ses-
sion last night in a welter Of
words and action. To the very
end. United States and Soviet diff
ferences characterized the trend
of the entire session.
A Soviet resolution calling on
all nations to further peaceful
co-existence" was rejected in fa-
vor of a similar resolution, omit.
ing the Moscow-coined phrase,
sponsored by India, Yugoslavia.
and Sweden. The Assembly
adopted the three-nation resolu-
ton, II to 0. with the Soviet
Union in favor and Nationalist
China abstaining.
Yesterdays voting also brought
the failure of resolution backing
the right of Cyprus to determine
its own political future. The AS
sembly approved the move, 81 to
%. by a two-thirds vote was re.
QuuCu lOI pdSSdk6.
Earlier in the week, the thorny
Algerian problem was settled" in
a compromise resolution satisfac-
tory to all concerned. The COM
promise, accepted by Algerian ma
tionalist representatives. called for
negotiations toward ending the
rebellion in the French North Af-
rican province, but avoided o
stand on Algerian claims to in
dependence.
In a final acid exchange Of
American-Soviet hostilities, Mr..
Lodge protested the Budapest
trial of leaders Of the Hungarian
revolt, and told the Assembly
the United States would request
q special U. N. session on the
Hungarian problem if the situa.
ton warrants. "Hullabaloo," re-
sponded the Soviet delegate, Mr..
Kuznetsov.
Evening star., 1957-12-15

deeper than that with which it
was browsing prior to the rise Of
Hitler.
First. let's have q look at the
background.
In May. 1858. this writer ad-
dressed q Signal Corps frequency
symposium at which he proposed
the establishment Of an uninstru-
mented. unnamed. nonreturn-
able satellite vehicle to Yield sig
nificant geodetic information con-
cerning the earth. The following
year, at the Fifth International
Astronomical Federation Congress
at Innsbruck, Austria, he detailed
the same plan. 1t was shown to be
feasible to put this sort Of satel-
lite into the sky NTH eriSttno
hardware. All that was needed
was to build a second and third
stage rocket. or TO adapt existing
rockets for this purpose. The ma
jor item was the firSt-stage rocket.
and this was already available.
Also in 1854. a group Of scien-
fists met in a Navy Department
building in Washington and dis
cuSsed the feasibility of launch
ing a small satellite with existing
hardware. Present at this meet
ing were DR.. S. Fred Singer. who
was to design the Instrumental
equipment with a total weight Of
five pounds. and DR.. Wernher Won
Braun. who was to design and as
semhle the vehicle to launch the
satellite.
This classified proposal. called
Project Orbiter. was approved by
the once of Naval Research and
Comdr. George w. Hoover was
designated project engineer. But.
unfortunately. before this group
could do very much. somebody
"solds Project Vanguard TO the
National Academy Of Sciences.
and Project Orbiter was aban-
doned.
That Is where the United States
made one Of its two mistakes in
the satellite program.
Evening star., 1957-12-15
Unemployment

The rise by 100000 in the ranks
Of the unemployed in November
brought the total number of job
less to 80 million. an increase Of
% per cent since November. 1856.
What alarmed the AFL-CIO'S
economists was the fact that the
figure for November, usual
month of low unemployment, was
about that for last January and
February. two months when the
list Of jobleSs can be expected to
be high for seasonal reasons.
Thus, while the seasonally
justed average figure 70. unem-
ployed was al per cent Of the
work force in Januars and
February. 1t was 81 per cent in
November. Between now and
February unemployment normally
could be expected to rise by
600 900, but this year II is ex-
pected to top that figure easily
The normal rise would put the
unemployed at 81 per cent of the
labor force. Just under the s per
cent figure lich is the standard
Evening star., 1957-12-15
Indonesio::
Confusion

The strife-ridden young nation
of Indonesia spent q confused
week amid rumors. officially de-
MED. that President Sukarno had
been deposed and was a virtual
prisoner Of the Army. Seizures Of
Dutch-owned businesses went on
despite an official ban; trade
unions, some of them repeatedly
Communicated. defied the order.
Dutch residents were leaving by
the planeload after Jakarta au-
thorities permitted British planes
to begin an emergency airlift.
The Indonesian Trade Ministry
declared the archipelago's econ.
omy would not be unduly dis
rupted by the seizure Of Neither
lands-owned businesses and banks.
because imports would be OBJ
tanned elsewhere.
President Sukarno has kept his
government "neutralist," but strong
Communist political activity and
serious internal unrest is feared
likely to tumble the rich chain Of
islands into the Red camp.
Evening star., 1957-12-15
Allies Are Worried

: While the prime ministers and
their foreign ministers were as
sembling in Paris. there were in
creasing signs that the decisions
to be made might wen exceed in
scope those originally envisased
By Mr.. Dulles.
France. on the eve Of the con-
ference. was increasingly restive
over the possibility that the new
NATO would be nuclear "di-
archys dominated by the United
States and Britain. as Of today
sole Western poSSessors Of opera
tional nuclear weapons. The
French government. eager 70 de-
velop its own nuclear arsenal "a
French test explosion of q nuclear
device is expected IN April. i95SD.
Is particularly concerned lest the
emphasis on the missile defense
tend to make Of NATO member
nations mere launching sites for
the weapons Of Britain and the
United States.
Aside from the concern with the
control Of nuclear weapons. there
was an evident tone of hesitancy
among Western European allies on
the wisdom Of permitting the
erection OF intermediate range
ballistic missile bases on their
territories-a step proposed by
the United States as part OF the
Vests answer to Russia's as
sumed possession Of the intercon-
tinental ballistic missile.
In West Germany especially,
there appeared to be a deep pub
lie reluctance to set up such bases
in view Of the strong Soviet
distrust of q rearmed Germany.
Reports from Belgium. the Nether-
lands and the Scandinavian coun-
tries also reflected a cautious re-
luctance to create situations likely
to prove provocative to the sus-
picious Soviet leaders.
Mr.. Dulles. Defense Secretary
Neil McElroy and other admin
istration spokesmen have indi-
Gated that the American aim at
Paris will be the establishment OF
missile bases and Of stockpiles Of
nucIear armaments-missile war;
heads. atomic artillery. and H
bombs--in NATO countries. Any
such arrangements would have to
be matters Of mutual agreement
between the United States and the
nations involved, and would pose
complicated questions: Who would
control the bases? Whose troops
or airmen would deliver the punch
in the event Of war? Whose would
be the decision to strike with nu-
clear weapons. and on what prov
ocation?
Evening star., 1957-12-15
Missile Probe:
Goyin's Plan

The Senate Preparedness Sub
committee. probing the causes for
the apparent lag in the United
States missile program. heard 1t.
Gen. James NJ. Gavin. Army Chief
Of Research and Development. call
Friday for the abolition of the
Joint Chiefs of STAFF.
In its place. the general said.
there should be a new senior
staff" with both planning and
command functions. The high
brass assigned to the new staff
would never go back to their serv-
ices. thus theoretically removing
major reason for interservice
rivalries. To some observers, the
Gavin plan seemed simply a plea
for creation of a military gen.
eral staff.
The Air Force. which has been
moving swiftly in recent weeks to
consolidate its position in the
rivalry for missiles control. an
nounced Tuesday the creation OF
Evening star., 1957-12-15
Western Reaction

At first Western capitals dis
missed the Soviet proposals as
transparent efforts to disrupt the
NATO session. Mr.. Bulganin's
note to Mr.. Eisenhower tSent also
to other NATO nations and to In
dia's Prime Minister Nehrul. re-
peated in large part Soviet pro-
posals that have been consistently
rejected previously by the West.
But with the passage of few
days and few second thoughts.
there appeared to be a growing
sentiment particularly in Western
Europe that the Vests response
these days to new Soviet pro-
posals should avoid the appear
ance of negativiSm. At the very
least. many diplomats believed. it
was important for the West to
shun reflections out-of-hand that
served to buttress the Moscow
propaganda claim that the best
efforts of the Kremlin we're rudely
rebuffed by warmongering capi-
talist bloc.
Former Canadian Foreign Min
lister Lester B. Pearson. in a
speech accepting the Nobel Peace
Prize in Oslo Wednesday. APP
pealed for "a new and vigorous
determination to use every tech
nique Of discussion and negotia-
ton that may be available. or
more important. that can be made
available. for the solution OF the
tangled. frightening problems that
divide today. in fear and hostility.
the two power blocs and thereby
endanger peace"
Mr.. Pearson urged frank. seri-
GUS and complete exchanges Of
views--especially between Moscow
and Washington-through diplo-
matte and political channels" and
called on the West to recognize
Legitimate security interests" of
the Soviet Union. and on Moscow
to recognize the right Of people
to choose their own form OF gov
ernment without interference from
outside forces or subversive do
nestle forces encouraged and as
sisted from outside"
Echoing the Canadian diplo-
mats words, Adlai Stevenson,
whose brief consultation" with
Mr.. Dulles on NATO policy ended
with Mr.. Stevenson's polite re-
grets that he could not go to
Paris. called for an "afiirmative"
attitude toward Soviet proposals.
The two-times Democratic candi-
date for President urged that the
NATO conferees give attention at
Paris to political and economic
problems as well as to a strength
ening Of military defenses.
Evening star., 1957-12-15
Cali for Leadership

Because OF our wealth, position
and proven scientific capacity the
free world looks TO us for guidance.
II is my considered opinion that
the United States must begin
sponsoring basic research not
only In this country but in every
country in the free world or Rus
sia will overpower this country In
a short time by sheer numbers.
Brilliant scientists with broad
g,onsinueG 9ga rage -3
Evening star., 1957-12-15
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
NATO: A New Urgency

Gathering In Paris this week
end are more heads-of-state than
have assembled In q single in
ternational meeting since the
Congress OF Vienna. In 1915. re-
made the map Of Europe after
the defeat Of Napoleon.
They make up the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization
Council and their purpose Is TO
bolster Western unity and strength
In the face Of Russia's techno-
logical and material advances.
The councils sessions win deal
with new realities: ID The Soviet
Sputniks and their scientific and
military implications; t2l the
consequent possibility that the
threat that gave birth to NATo
IA Soviet invasion Of Western
Europe - has been now super
seded by . potential Soviet threat
OF missile attack on any point
on the earth. and go the impera-
tive need 10 build anew the
foundations Of Western unity.
badly cracked by dissensions and
departures since the founding Of
the Vests defensive alliance.
President Eisenhower. having
made what his doctors called an
excellent" recovery from q mild
stroke on November IS. has gone
to Paris for the NATO meeting
with their approval. His presence
alone. in the view Of Western
leaders, lends TO the gathering a
prestige it sorely needs.
Secretary Of State Dulles fiew
to Paris on Thursday to confer
with other foreign ministers and
to lay the groundwork for the
formal sessions. At his press con-
ference last Tuesday. Mr.. Dulles
emphasized that the primary pur-
pose OF the Paris meeting would
be TO re-establish the foundations
OF Western unity. There Is a
need" Mr.. Dulles said. Ito give
q new impetus TO the purposes Of
NATO and 70 broaden its pur.
poses. :" That the heads-of-
state were TO be In attendance at
q NATO session for the first
time. Mr.. Dulles declared. sis in
itself an evidence that we think
the situation Is one which calls
for rather special measures and
itself indicates q certain sense Of
urgency" (See story by Fred
Theroux on Page B-31
Evening star., 1957-12-15
Guidance Is Crucial

IL can De QlScloSed tnat IN the
case Of an ICBM. the guidance
must be held TO about one-tenth
Of a degree Of a prescribed flight
path, or the missile will miss the
target. Similarly the cutoff
speed must be precise. or again
the target will be missed.
In the case OF the satellite an
error in the injection angle can
be as great as one and half de-
grees. and still the satellite will
enter a closed orbit. II is true
the orbit will be highly elliptical.
but nevertheless 1t will circle the
earth. Even the speed tolerance
is greater in the satellite. II the
speed is too great the satellite
orbit will merely be larger. Drop
the speed. within certain limits.
and the orbit will be smaller. But
this is not true Of the ICBM. In
the case Of the missile. the injec-
ton angle must be precise and the
cutoff speed must be accurate.
Now we can say this: The abil-
ity Of q nation 70 establish 4 sat-
elite does not demonstrate Its
ability to possess an ICBM. On the
other hand the nation which pos
sesses an ICBM can establish q
satellite any time II wishes.
The Russians have a satellite.
but they have yet to demonstrate
that they have fired a missile
which landed on the target. The
United States has done just this,
We used this as a unique way Of
delivering a letter to Maj. Gen.
John B. Medaris. Thus in the
field Of guidance the Russians
may not even be in our class.
Now let us analyze the re-entry
problem.
President Eisenhower on his
television program showed the
Nation the white nose cone of a
Jupiter c rocket, which had sue
cessfully re-entered the atmos-
phere. Here was concrete evidence
that solution had been found for
this acute problem.
The details Of this are classified
and thus unavailable, but the
proof is there. The Russians have
yet TO show that they have solved
this re-entry problem. Without
this solution there can be no
ICBM.
Finally We come to the problem
Of the warhead.
In this field we must admit that
the Russians are our equals, or
are ahead of us. Both countries
possess thermonuclear warheads OF
tremendous destructive capacities,
Both countries can destroy a ma
ton in a single day with this type
Of weapon.
Evening star., 1957-12-15

and Cxechoslovakia. from which
nuclear weapons would be banned.
The concept Of a demilitarized
zone, a mutual 'pull-back" along
the Iron Curtain, was first pro-
posed by former British Prime
Minister Sir Anthony Eden in
1865. At that time. as now. the
knotty problem Of unifying Ger
many was Of key importance TO
East-West relations. The Eden
plan found no support at the
time in the Vests policymaking
centers. but diplomats last week
were reminding newSmen that no
Soviet Sputniks we're circling the
earth in 1855.
Evening star., 1957-12-15
Four Bosic Elements

There are four elements which
80 to make Up an ICBM:
. First. the propulsion unit-the
power unit which win carry the
missile on its journey to the
target.
o Second, the guidance system.
which will permit the missile to be
directed to q specific target area,
. Third. the problem OF re-entry.
in which we have q missile travel
ing from 10000 to $4,000 miles per
hour. and this missile must re-
enter the atmosphere to come back
down TO the earth's surface. In
doing this the missile win move
against the atmosphere with high
speeds and can eventually burn
out like q meteor. Proper re-entry
will prevent the destruction Of
the missile before 1t reaches its
target.
o Fourth. the warhead, the de-
vice which will cause the damage
once IL gets on target.
Now. suppose We explore the
respective abilities OF the East and
West to achieve these elements.
In the case OF propulsion. it
must be conceded that the Rus
slams have outstripped US in the
field Of big rockets.
II Is estimated that at least q
million pounds Of thrust or push
was necessary TO put Sputnik II
in the sky. and today the West
does not have this type Of motor.
Our ICBM will possess q single
motor. with but $4,000 pounds Of
thrust. TO which viii be added two
100000 -pound boosters. But even
with the boosters. our scientists
can count only on thrust Of
about one-third OF that which
the Russians have demonstrated.
Thus the latter have a marked
advantage. Coupled with this is
the probable use Of new. exotic
fuels like the boronhydrides,
which add so per cent boost in
thrust for the same amount Of
fuel. The combination OF the
huge motors and new fuels give
them an unsurpassed edge in the
field.
Evening star., 1957-12-15
The Proposals

Except for the general observa-
tions at his press conference last
Tuesday. Mr.. Dulles refused to
give any indication in advance as
to American strategy at the Paris
talks. AS he was boarding his
plane for Paris, Mr.. Dulles said
y am just one Of the Presidents
assistants. am going now just TO
do a little preparatory work before
he gets there"
But the general ou lines Of the
Evening star., 1957-12-15

satellite has a perigee Of l04 miles
and an apogee Of i.065 miles.
Again this is a much wider varia-
tion than we could expect in q
well-launched satellite.
This creates considerable doubt
as to their possession Of an ac-
curate ICBM guidance system.
Evening star., 1957-12-15

a directorate of aeronautics" to
deal with space projects. The new
directorate lasted from Tuesday
to Friday. when it was dropped by
Air Force Secretary James H.
Douglas following walls OF pro.
test from the other services.
Yesterday DR.. Wernher Won
Braun. Army missile scientist. told
the probers no funds we're avail.
able TO produce the Jupiter IRBM.
although production is authorized.
Evening star., 1957-12-15

These were the rather monu-
mental headaches of organized
labor. But its position was not
entirely gloomy. Indeed, some OF
the hardshipS had their blessings
also.
There is no doubt that ALL
CIO President George Meany, as
determined as he was TO rid his
house Of corrupt brothers. fully
realized the federation's great loss
in the expulsions. But by insist
Continued oHs2age 81
Evening star., 1957-12-15
Ry DIR. I. NJ. LEVITT

writer's considered opinion that the Sovets launching
Spunks gives strong believe that the Russians
nercontnental bastc missile and win not have
it in the future
What's more Union well the to complete
until the fatal mistake Of launching those
artificial moons BY the world from compacency
Evening star., 1957-12-15
EXPERTS DISSENT
Do the Sputniks
Mean |CBM?

The launching OF the Russian SpGtnks has been delv hailed
BY scientists and 0yen as Evidence Of Soptet superiority tn the
onCrGnge missiles field Hee condensed BY permission from
the forthcoming OF Western World Magazine, dissent
en By scientist OF established reputation. He Is director
OF the Fels PGneGr OF the Frdnkn institute OF Philadelphia
astronomer mechanical engineer inventor and author
Evening star., 1957-12-15

Henry Cabot Lodge. in reply to
the Soviet proposal for a friend
ship pact. said mere coexistence
while one side tries to bury the
other is not the answer" to the
quest for peace.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1957-02-07

A new bill which would collect and
distribute school taxes on county
wide basis instead of by school dis
tricts has been prepared for the leg
islative hopper by State Senator Ross
People of Allen county.
Senator Pepple's bill is one of 29O
measures which have been introduced
in the four weeks since the session
started.
Financial troubles of poor school
districts would be eased by shifting
the taxes from individual districts 10
countrywide basis, Senator Pepple
believes.
Although opposition has already
risen to the proposed change. the
Allen county legislator said that the
picture is much different than it was
six years ago when he originally sug
gested the change.
when / made the suggestion a
bout six years ago." he recalled
"almost everyone was against it. Now
I am being approached by mum
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1957-02-07
-
u;,,,,,,z,zz9EEA
.131z7

Q-Can holes be drilled in glass
with an ordinary metal drilling bit?
Ayes, if you surround the spot
to be drilled with a little dam of
putty filled with light oil. Use high
speed drill and keep the dam filled
with oil. Stop occasionally to let the
bit cool when it gets too hot to touch.
QlCan insulation be installed in
an old house?
Amy house, old or new, can be
insulated. Mineral wool engineers
have developed method of blowing
insulation into walls and ceilings of
older homes. It's done with air pres
sure, which forces the mineral wool
into all cracks and crevices and
around invisible wires and bracing.
The finished job leaves the house in
its original condition except for the
complete insulation seal, which
makes it more comfortable in all
seasons and helps save fuel in Win
ter.
Q-We're building a Colomal-style
house which we plan to furnish as
automatically as possible in early
American. Can we obtain authentic
reproduction of early American pine
panel doors?
A-Building material dealers carry
panel doors of ponderosa pine which
are authentic copies of doors made
by Colonial craftsmen. An example is
a six-panel door identified by the U.
S. Department of Commerce as N.
d. 108 a standard identifying num-
Der that all manufacturers recognize.
It's clear ponderosa pine is ideal for
staining in the natural warm tones
of early American decor.
Q-What type of screw can I use
to attach cabinet to a brick wall in
our kitchen?
A-Most any type of screw will do
| if you drill holes first and insert
plastic, fiber or lead plugs made for
this purpose. These will expand as
the screw goes in, gripping the
| threads as tightly as wood.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1957-02-07
Beaverdam High Names Sandra Bassitt
Queen OF Homecoming Event Friday Night

Sandra Bassitt and John Van
Meter will be crowned queen and king
of the annual Beaverdam high school
homecoming tomorrow night.
The crowning will take place at the
high school following tomorrow
nights game with Lafayette. Fred
Rex and his band will provide music
for the dance which will follow the
coronation.
Senior attendants will be Peggy
Lewis and Ralph Van Meter. Junior
attendants will be Sandra Amstutz
and Wayne MartZ. Sophomores at
tending the royal couple will be
Wilma White and Bob Amstutz while
the freshman attendants are to be
Karen Hutchinson and Gary Beck.
Crown bearers will be Linda Wood
and Randy Downey.
Others participating in the cere-
monies will be Barbara Manahan,
Sally Eckenweiler, Doug Parkins,
Bernard Younkman, Sally BaSsitt,
Nancy Baker, John Stephens, Larry
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1957-02-07
REAL ESTATE DEALS

The following real estate transfer
was reported this week by the office
of Morgan Davis, Allen county re-
corder:
Richland Township-Melvin S. and
Helen Hilty to Arthur L. and 10 Ann
Hilty, 0.604 acres of land, Section 6,
tax $40.
Bluffton-Marion G. Forney, ct al
to Donald l.. and Nellie P. Harris,
lot Is.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1957-02-07
Sen. Pepple Proposes School Taxes
Be Levied On Countrywide Basis

Der of people who have changed their
minds and feel it would be a good
thing"
Pepple said the change would e.
liminate having school district with
an adequate tax duplicate beside a
poor district that now must depend
on state aid to educate its pupils
properly. He said the change also
would favor those who oppose feder-
al aid for schools.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1957-02-07

Hutchinson, Kathie Kellam, Judy
Bowers, Roger Leiber, Sheriff. Burk-
holder, Carole Parkins, Virginia Will
liams, Bob Welch and Tom Bassitt.
The public is invited to attend the
ceremonies and stay for the dance
afterward.