davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17
Our Defense Posture

II we are to be prepared for
collective self-defense. we must
Of course do an adequate job.
This will be difficult in period
Of rapid scientific and tech
biological advance which the
Soviet Union is well prepared
for. I consider. however, that,
in its principles. NATO,s de-
Tense planning continues TO be
valid. That. Of course. must be
under continuing study and re-
view. Yet. one indispensable
element must be constant
that is our resolution to use
force. II necessary, for our self
defense.
This is our resolve:
Speaking for my own coun-
try. ! assure you in the most
solemn terms that the United
States would come. at once
and with all appropriate force,
70 the assistance OF any NATO
nation subjected TO armed at
tacks. This is the resolve OF
the United States-of all parts
and Of all parties.
Equally, / do not doubt that
each OF your nations would
similarly respond should the
United States or another
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17
|Co-ordinoted
Production Of Modern
Weapons Systems

Several NATO nations have
stressed the need for further
cooperation in the filed Of de-
velopment and production Of
modern weapons. We suggest
that the Council may desire to
initiate In Europe q co-ordi-
mated program Of research, de-
velopment. and production Of q
selected group Of modern weap-
ons systems. including inter-
mediate range ballistic missiles.
We envisage the prompt ini-
tiation Of such q program
through q temporary NATo
and HOG group. consisting Of
highly qualified scientists, en-
gineers and production experts
who. In conjunction with NATO
military authorities, would be
responsible TO the North At
lantic Council for:
/. Recommending an initial
group Of modern weapons sys-
tenn suitable under NATO mil
itary planning for production
In Europe.
2. Recommending in which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17
Germun Identification
and Berlin

While we can hope for prog
ress and while our London
frst-step disarmament pro-
posals we're offered without
political conditions. we cannot
ignore the fact that arms re-
duction has rarely occurred in
the face Of acute political ten
sions and Of grave internal
tional injustices.
One such injustice afiiicts
deeply one Of our NATO men,
bers, the Federal Republic Of
Germany. should like to
feiterate most solemnly our
abiding determination that
Germany shall be peacefully
reunited in freedom. At the
summit conference over two
years ago this was formally and
solmenly promised TO US by Mr..
Khrushchev and Mr.. Bulganin.
|. pnhappily. that promise has
Been repudiated at the cost Of
international confidence which
the Soviet rulers profess to de-
oire.
Likewise. I cannot let this
occasion pass without recalling
our common concern over the
status Of Berlin. The clear
rights there of the Western
powers must be maintained.
Any sign or Western weakness
at this forward position could
be misinterpreted with grievous
eoneanuenceS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17

come when its defense aspect
win be minor and perhaps even
unnecessary.
II has demonstrated. and we
believe win increasingly DEM
onstrate. the importance Of the
closest association between the
members Of the Atlantic COM
munity. This association Is q
natural one. We have common
traditions which have been
passed on from generation to
generation. We should con-
tinue to work together as q
growing community and with
increasing intimacy. We should
50 shape this association. and
our respective parts in II. that
IL permanently serves 10 pro-
mote harmony not only be-
tween Us but also between our
selves and other peoples and
areas Of the world.
I should now like TO ask the
Secretary Of State TO complete
our presentation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17
Special Briefines by
FOREIGN Ministers

The President has spoken Of
the Importance which we at
tach to political consultations
in NATO.
obviously these consuita-
tons ought to take place pri-
marty and regularly here in
Paris within our duly consti-
tnted council.
There may. however. excep-
tionally be circumstances where
the NATO governments could
be more quickly and more fully
informed II the Foreign Min
ister at one or another Of our
capital cities were to explain
his governments policy. or &C.
tons to the NATO Ambassadors
there. This could provide a
useful BACKGROUND for further
discussion in the permanent
council.
80 Tar as the United States
is concerned. We would be
ready in Washington to meet
with the NATO Ambassadors
there with respect to any stu
alton which seemed to lend it
self best to that type Of ex-
ceptional treatment as q sup
plement to. but not In deroea-
ton Of. the functioning Of the
permanent representatives here
in Paris.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17

countries should be thu req
possibility for development and
production Of specific weapons.
through principal manufact-
urers and subcontractors for
critical comp0nents. Thus. later
improvement In the initial de-
signs could be developed and
produced In Europe under
NATO supervision.
3. Recommending measures
TO provide q market for the
weapons produced.
seIective Advancement
In this endeavor. appropriate
pooling Of talent. combining Of
resources, and sharing Of re-
search and development infor-
nation should be selectively ar
ranged. NATO nations having
available technical data re-
iating TO the manufacture Of
such weapons systems could
make such data available to
other nations as required. The
United States Il willing to as
sist these endeayors and utilize
It's mutual weapons Develop
ment program. sample weapons
program and facilities assis-
lance program 70 support this
effort more directly.
While we plan TO maintain
our modern weapons produc-
tions base In the United States.
the United States would seek
ways Of supporting the weapons
base In Europe By procurement
for our own forces as well as
for our military assistance pro-
grams.
In order to assure adequate
studies and planning In the
field Of weapons bystems and 70
relate this program closely TO
Jour scientific endeavor in the
military field, the United States
supports the establishment Of
ian appropriate permanent
INATo mechanism for this pur-
pose. This mechanism would
Operate in conjunction with
lNATO military authorities and
the proposed NATo Science
Committee,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17
The Secretary
OF Stute:

Our purpose is peace and JUS
tice. But never have these been
achieved anywhere without
power TO deter lawless persons
who would violate the rights Of
others In order to enrich them
selves.
Today. In the society Of ma
tons. there Is special need for
deterrent power as against the
SoYiet Union. whose rulers
have repeatedly made manifest
their willingness 10 resort 70
force and the threat Of force TO
achieve their goal Of world
wide domination.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17
.NATO Atomic
.StockpiIe System

The major deterrent TO So
Wet aggression against NATO
is the maintenance Of a retail
iatory power Of such capacity
as to convince the Soviets that
such aggression would result in
their own destruction.
This power rests In the United
States Strategic Air Command
and In other nuclear striking
forces. In this respect we have
superiority over the Soviet
Union. As long-range missiles
become available. they win play
their part In maintaining the
deterrent.
The shield Of NATO ground.
sea and air forces Is also an
integral part Of the deterrent.
Therefore. NATo should con-
tinue It's efforts to strengthen
the shield, which should in
cfeasingly include . nuclear
capability. United States
forces In Europe-eround. sea
and air-now have such q cap
ability and this capability is
being extended to other NATO
forces.
The United States has al
ready programmed approx
mately three-quarters-of-a-bil-
lion dollars for modern weapons
most short-range missiles
and aircraft-for forces Of our
NATO allies.
leased to the appropriate NATO
countries are increasingly be-
ing trained In the maintenance,
operation and deployment Of
these weapons systems. In this
connection. We indorse the
NATO missile training center
project.
French Minister'S Proposal
II remains to assure that
nuclear warheads will be read
lily available TO NATO forces
In event Of hostilities. We have
considered this subject most
carefully since It was FIRST pro-
posed by the French Foreign
Minister at Bonn last May.
The United States Is pre-
pared. II this Council so wishes.
to participate in a NATO atomic
stockpile. Within this stock
pile system. nuclear warheads
would be deployed under
United States custody in ac-
cordance with NATO defensive
planning and in agreement
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17
Economic Cooperation
i'm NATO

The Soviet challenge Is
economic as well a. military.
They seek adherents to COM
munism through an intensive
and effective campaign Of trade
and financial assistance. This
campaign Is directed against
selected less-developed coun-
tries Of key political impor-
lance. They use all economic
means to penetrate these coun-
tries and subdue their freedom.
This is the challenge-Now
what do we do?
1t is true that many NATO
countries have long been at
work In this area. individually
and jointly. through interna-
tional organizations. Yet there
Is more to be done II We are to
save our less fortunate friends
from Soviet penetration and
domination by these means.
The time has come for an en-
larged individual and eo-opera-
tive effort to advance the
development. trade and we'll
being Of the less developed
countries Of the free world.
It is my earnest hope that
NATO governments and other
free governments will enlarge
their efforts and cooperate In
this important task. The United
States is prepared TO consider
sympathetically proposals in
this sense. The United States.
itself. proposes to increase the
economic resources which we
can make available to the less
developed countries Of the free
world and to improve trade and
financial conditions. We viii
propose to our Congress that
our development loan fund be
increased. from the present $500
million by an additional $625
million. We will ask the Con-
gress to increase the lending
authority Of the Export-Import
Bank by an additional 50 bill
lion. We proposed and will par
ticipate in the expanded tech
meal assistance program OF the
United Nations. We will also
propose that the Congress ex-
tend our reciprocal trade agree
ments legislation for I'VE years
Together. we Of the free world
will wage and win this struggle
on the frontiers Of human
uroaregs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17

we should be able better 10 de-
velop plans for effective and
discriminating use Of nuclear
weapons will be more likely, In
an emergency. TO be Of one
mind as TO the employment Of
this force.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17
Enduring Nature Of
Atlantic Community

The North Atlantic Treaty
Organization was created in re-
Spouse TO q military threat. Yet
NATO should not for all time
be primarily q collective de-
tense organization. We hope
and believe that the time will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17
Liuison Among
Various Alliances

The challenge to which NATO
responds is not confined to any
particular area. It Is worldwide.
And NATO is not the only col
lective response. There are the
Organization Of American
States. the Southeast Asia
Treaty Organization. and the
Baghdad Pact.
There are also important BIZ
lateral and trilateral arrange
Iments.
These pacts re-enforce each
other. For II war came In any
area. II might not be possible to
Iconfine II TO that area.
Each of these other associa-
tons has its own distinctive
characteristics and origins.
However, all Of them constitute
an exercise Of what the United
Nations Charter calls the in
herent right Of collective self
defense.
The purpose Is to help to es-
tablish security against agrees
sion. and harmony as between
nations. They are also de-
signed to promote the eco
nomic, social and cultural well
fare Of their people.
Understanding Of Problems
The United States considers
that IL would be useful II these
various regional groups should
gain q better understanding Of
the problems and situations
faced by each other.
An exchange of experience
and Of appreciation Of the
world political situation might
be q first step. Accordingly. we
suggest that the Secretary Gen.
eral and the North Atlantic
Council should explore develop
ing closer ties between the
various collective defense Or
CARNATIONS. II this Is agree
able 70 all concerned.
We are not suggesting any
merger Of existing organiza-
Itions. or any extension Of the
North Atlantic Treaty area. We
merely propose that We explore
ways whereby each nation that
has invoked the collective de-
Tense principle should get the
maximum information to en-
able It to contribute better 10
the common goal Of global
peace.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17
intermediate Ronee
BuIIistic Missiles

II this Council so desires,
and In order 70 strengthen
NATo's deterrent power. the
United States Is prepared to
make available to other NATo
countries intermediate range
ballistic missiles. for deploy-
ment in accordance with the
plans Of SACEUR. Nuclear
warheads for these IRBMS viii
become q part Of the NATO
atomic stockpile system.
Such RBM deploymen I
would be subject 70 agreement
between SACEUR and the coun-
tries directly concerned: and "a
agreement between each such
country and the United States
with respect TO material. train
ing and other necessary ar
rangements.
We expect 10 be able to de-
liver intermediate range mis-
siles as soon as the NATO ma
tons in which they would be
deployed are ready to receive
them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17
Force Contributions

Force contributions are q
critical factor in carrying out
the defensive strategy upon
which we agreed last December
in the political directive. NATO
is now in the process Of deter
mining its force requirements
to insure the capability TO i'm
plement the approved strategic
concept. II Is clear that the
defensive and retaliatory power
Of the NATo forces must be
established at a level sufncient
TO meet the growing power Of
international communism.
There Is need that each
NATO partner DO its utmost
to meet the established NATO
force requirements. including
front line divisions. United
States policy in this respect
continues to be as stated by
President Eisenhower on March
10. 1855. We viii continue to
contribute . fair share in
maintaining and strengthening
the collective forces Of the
Atlantic Community.
The United States also ex-
poets to continue its military
assistance program.
We are prepared. as I have
stated. 70 work with our allies
70 develop the capability for
the employment Of nuclear
weapons Within this approach.
we believe that Q mixed nu-
ciear-conventional foree IL
NAT0's best posture.
To Share Arms knowledge
Another ingredient Of an ef-
fective NATO nuclear force
should be q common body Of
knowledge about nuclear weap-
ons and military doctrine for
their employment to permit
their confident and responsible
use.
We believe that our NATO
allies should share more infor-
nation as to military nuclear
matters. Broader understand
ing Is needed as to the weapons
themselves. their effects. and
the present and prospective
state Of this still new military
science. The legislative changes
we are proposing to the United
States Congress would permit
the exchanges Of information
needed TO accomplish this.
II we work from q common
fund Of knowledge and a COM
mon set Of assumptions about
the tremendous military force
now available for our defense.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17
Scientific


Europe and the Atlantic
community have been pioneers
both in pure scientific research
and in the application Of the
results Of research to practical
use. Continued vigorous
growth Of science and tech
nology in our community Is es-
sential for our cultural and eco
Continued ON Page Ala, Col. 8
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17
Political Consultation

The United States shares
the view that political con-
sultation should be developed
and broadened in this council.
The United States supports
the principles embodied in the
committee Of three report"
adopted q year ago. Since then
the practice Of political con-
sultation has made marked
progress.
Yet the record can and must
be improved. The United
States. for Its part. intends to
do that. We expect TO keep our
permanent representative fully
informed Of all Of our policies
which could materially AFFECT
our associates here. When In
the United States. he win at
tend and participate in meet
ings Of our cabinet and Of the
National Security Council. He
viii be privy TO all the pur-
poses Of our Government.
It Is. I think. generally &C.
cepted that the mandate TO
consult must be applied in &c
cordance with q rule Of reason.
It Is not necessarily the case
that differences between two or
three member states are always
more readily resolved II de-
bated around this council table.
Sometimes more intimate and
restricted negotiations and
quicker responses win produce
better results.
Also. there must be q capac-
ity to react. within the limits
Of known policy. to what may
be probing operations from the
outside. II reaction Is delayed.
the consequences could be
serious.
Nevertheless. there should be
consultations habitually. within
all practical limits. This will
prevent. except in the most ex-
IRENE emergency. any nation
from being surprised. Fear Of
any nation becoming involved
in great risks without notice
viii be minimized II consulta-
ton becomes an accepted and
growing habit.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17
The President:

II Is q pleasure TO meet with
you again after our impressive
opening ceremony earlier to-
day, I shall not repeat here
what I then said as TO the
spirit that should move Us, !
shall now seek to be somewhat
more specific as 10 means for
translating that spirit into
positive action.
Disarmament
3 The North Atlantic Treaty,
as originally conceived, was
Essentially q collective defense
Organization and defense must
under present circumstances
continue to be q major aspect
of our activities. We ought,
however, always TO make II
ahundantly evident that we will
seek patiently and everlasting
~ to end the need for great
military establishments. Our
resolve will be to release large
resources for the greater well
fare Of mankind.
We continue to consider our
disarmament proposals OF
August 30 as sound and fair.
They were. as you know, devel-
oped after the fullest consulta-
ton in this council and pro-
longed negotiation with the
Soviet Union. They have now
received the overwhelming
stamp Of approval of the
United Nations General As
semhly.
We should leave no stone
unturned In our search for an
agreement that would end this
appalling ornaments race and
ct the same time assure the
security Of the free world. We
should be flexible within limits
fixed by prudence and self
preservation.
I suggest that our council
might establish a technical adj
visory group to keep these
matters under continuous
study. II seems to me inevitable
that the Soviet Union will it
self come to realize the i'm
portance Of stopping the nu-
clear arms race. This means
stopping the production Of nu-
clear weapons material as well
IS stopping nuclear expert
ments-all under reliable safe
guards - and establishing q
system which would exclude
the risk Of massive surprise
attack.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17

with the nations directly con-
cerned.
In the event Of hostilities.
nuclear warheads would be re-
leased 10 the Appropriate NATo
supreme allied commander for
employment by nuclear-capahle
NATO forces.
We believe that this arrange
ment meets NATO military re-
quirements and insures that
nuclear weapons can be en-
ployed promptly when needed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17
TEXT OF STATEMENTS
Eisenhoweron Dulles
OfferNATO Proposals

PARIS Dec. II N1.-The terts OF statements mode b.
President Eisenhower and Secretary Of State Dulles 0t
yesterdays NATO business session:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-17

NATo member be attacked.
This. then. Ia the core Of our
partnership-an attack against
one Is an attack against all.
In order to live in peace to-
gether. we are resolved to de-
fend ourselves together II need
be.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-08
FAMOUS FABLES
BY e. e. EDGAR

GIFT: Opera star Enrico
Caruso was big-hearted and
thin-skinned.
One night at the Metropolitan
Opera, he was chatting with
one Of the stagehands between
acts. The later admired the
huge diamond ring on the
tenor's finger. That was all
Caruso had to hear.
you like it?" he asked.
ITS beautiful"
Here. take it," said the
singer. slipping it of his finger.
"Oh, no, Mr.. Caruso,' pro-
tested the other. II couldn't"
Il said take it," ordered Ca
russo. ITS yours"
Again the stagehand re-
fused. Caruso pressed the ring
on him, but he would not ac-
cept 1t. Caruso began to show
signs Of anger. Suddenly he
flew into a rage. Jamming the
ring back on his finger, he
cried:
IAN right. don't take it! But
this is the last time you'll re-
fuse anything from Caruso.
Never ask me for anything
again."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-08

Tomorrow: Each eoss must b.
treoted on its own merits.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-08

Thomas A. soldo. 80. and Leila p. L
/, Dinges. SO. both OF Baltimore.
Robert Shields. 10. 1912 sherwood ct
ne. and Joan r. Burton. II, 1926
Oates st. ne.
Sohn Stevenson, 10. 1881 North Capt..
toll st.. and Connie Locke. Is, 1924
18th st. NV.
Lewis Beal. 81. 1924 Euclid st. NV.
and Ana A. cuesta, 80, l725 Ken
yon 81. NV.
Bernard p. johnson. 80. and Bernie,
= newman "a both oil lao or
william H. Lawrence. IT,. 80. 73.
8srshsii. e. S4 :" kenyon anN D g. nv
Edgar L. Jones, ~. 225 upshur st
NV, and Gwendolyn N. Miller. 20
al Farragut st. NV.
Conrad A. Roehling. "a. 4sOl South
WHAT 9nIss 2 Eye ls4 IS Lamont snS ss e. nH
and Anna ram n. TS,ornSiii IS. Arlins
ton. Va.
Itving @. Fields. 81. 436 NJ st. NV.
and Wilburita Lancaster. 10, 4714
Clay st. ne.
Ronald Rosen. %, and Freda Z. Weber
90 both Of Silver Spring, Nd.
David A. Wedding, 29, Temple Hills
Nd; and Jean M. Ferris 20. 233'
Frank O. Forgione, 80. Haverhill
Mass. and Alberta l. Muzzy, 81, 81
Quintana pl. NV.
Bdgar. J. Willis. 81, Jersey Shore, Pa
and Jean !. Roupp' 49, Salladsburo
Paul C. witzke. rs. Arlington. Va
and Frances P. MattinRly, 81, col:
Otis ST. ne.
Stanley D. Fishman. %. 67l6 1911
pl NV, and Charlotte Friedman
20. Silver Spring. Md
pouglas Z. Edwards, 81. and Mary 2
Heath. 81. both Of l424 Staple
Richard Z. Brushwood. 90, 1898 O st
NV, and Janet L. Merrick, 20. 232I
saith St. Sc
Edward T. Ballenger. IT,, 90. 2si8 1stl
s.. ne and Rita A. Myers, rs, 81
Franklin st. ne.
Prank J. RutkowSki, -, and Doroth,
M walters, 80, both Of Baltimore
Francis X. Green 90, -508a Sheriff
I'd. ne. and Agnes I Henderson
Samuel Andrews, 81, SlS 9Th at. q
and Odessa r, Washington, ~
EllsWorth b. Lanham, "a. 544 Della
ware ave. sw.. and Susie X. May. 20
48b NJ Ct sw.
George II. Mitchell. %. Somerset. Ky
; snd Helen = 3, Hembree' 49, Hunt
Harry n. Bates, IT,, 20, A41e Macon