davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
ABOUT THESE
ARTICLES

Recent events-particularly the
decisions by Britain and West
Germany to increase trade with
Red China-have stimulated new
discussion Of the long-standing
United States policy toward the
Asiatic bastion Of the Communist
world.
In his report, Mr.. Voss, The
Stars diplomatic correspondent,
deals with the growing pressure
in Congress for . policy reap
praisal and the State Depart
ment's reaction to It. In his report,
Mr.. NORM, . Pulitzer prize win
ming Associated Press correspond
ent who spent many years in
China, analyses the issues involved
in the debate over whether the
time has come to lower trade bar
riers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
Conformation

On the crucial issue Of confronta.
ton, however, the commission takes
a very large step away from the bar
association and also from present
procedures. First. it stated that it
would not be necessary to allow
conformation of regularly eStab-
lished confidential informantS Of
the Governments intelligence and
security agencies. Thus, the identity
Of undercover agents could be pro-
tected. But it then provided that
derogatory information by any in
formants other than undercover
agents could not be considered by
the hearing examiner conducting
the loyalty hearing or by the officer
making the final determination I'M
less the informant agreed to be
identified and allowed his testimony
to be examined by the employe
involved.
1t is probably a good guess that
data gained from informants other
than undercover agents constitute
the bulk of the information involved
in loyalty cases. And it follows that
the commissions provision would
cut back this source of data since
few people would want to let it be
known that they had voluntarily
talked against friend or associate.
Thus, the commission would be
excluding from the loyalty hearing
data which. while not admissible
in a judicial proceeding, might be
useful in making purely admin.
istrative evaluation.
The bar association. in its app
proach to the conformation ques-
ton. left it up to the hearing
board to determine whether the
witness should be produced for
cross-examination. or whether be-
cause of special circumstances he
should be Intercepted by the board
without the employee being present.
or whether this evidence should be
given to the board in other ways,
such as by AFFIDAVIT or signed state
ment."
Then, the association report went
on. when the employe was not per-
mitted to croSs-eXamine an in
formant, the hearing board would
make available to the employe a
summary of the evidence to the
extent the national security per-
mits. Also, the lack of an oppor-
tunity for croSs-examination would
be taken into effect in evaluating
the information.
The Commission on Government
Security rejected such methods Of
ameliorating the effect of lack of
conformation. favoring instead the
outright rejection Of the evidence.
At the same time. however, it
specifically recommended that the
agency investigating the employee
may continue to receive such in
formation and embody it in its re-
ports-reports which may be studied
by the head Of the agency by which
the suspected employee is employed.
Although the hearing examiners
and the Central Review Board
would not include such data in
their findings of fact on which
their decisions would be based, It
is questionable whether the head
Of the employing agency-who
would make the final determine
tion-could be expected to ignore
such data.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
By EARL H. vOss

Recent overtures to Red China
by some members Of the Western
alliance have raised anew for the
United States the question Of
whether the time has come for q
reappraisal Of our adamant aloof-
ness from the Peiping regime.
Although the State Department
is firmly standing by its opposition
to all but the most minimal con-
tact with the Chinese Communists.
rumblings Of discomfort with that
position are being heard in Con-
greSS.
Senator Fulbright Of Arkansas,
. key member of the Senate For
eign Relations Committee, is one
Of the most influential proponents
Of . policy reappraisal. He thinks
that both the commercial and dip
lomatic attitudes Of the United
States toward Peiping need q going
over and he predicts that pressure
from the American business COM
munity for more trade with the
vast population Of Red China is
bound to increase.
Senate Commerce Committee
Chairman Magnuson has come out
with Q suggestion that American
Airlines be allowed to ny passengers
into Red China and has ordered a
committee examination of present
trade policy toward that nation.
Senate Majority Leader Lyndon
johnson. Foreign Relations Chair
man Green and others have also
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
Admission to u. N.

The State Department Is con-
WINGED that history will be repeated
when the q. N. General Assembly
session opens this fall. Each Sep
TENDER the American representa-
tive has been able to get quick
agreement from a stable majority
of the General Assembly that the
question Of seating Red China be
put on for another year.
But anyone who has strolled the
corridors and lounges of the United
Nations on those occasions is aware
that many delegates think this
situation viii eventually change.
The United States can be ex-
pected to put UP quite Q battle
before 1t changes. however. And
there win be q rather formidable
list OF preconditions to be met be-
fore Red China can be seated:
. Either the Assembly viii have to
withdraw its demands that Red
China pull out Of North Korea or
the Chinese will have to pull out
in compliance with past U. N. reso-
buttons.
. The demand for the political
reuniflcation of North and South
Korea will have to be met-or with
drawn by the Assembly.
. The Assembly's economic sane
tions against Red China will have
to be revoked.
. The Peiping government will
have to be pardoned or otherwise
absolved Of blame for violating the
Korean armistice by importing
modern weapons in quantities
greater than at the time of the
truce signing. and for holding
United Nations prisoners after
agreeing to give them up. Either
that or the Red Chinese will have
to withdraw their ornaments and
release those prisoners.
Even If the General Assembly
overrules the United States on adj
hitting Red China, the Peiping
regime viii have a much more diff
cult time getting into the U. N.
Security Council. The United States
holds veto in the Security Coun-
Gil which can block the Red Chinese
as long as this country's Presi-
dent thinks it a good idea.
Mr.. Dulles, while asserting that
it would not be in the interest
either Of the the United States or
the United Nations" to seat Red
China in the q. NJ, concentrated
his fire last Friday against giving
Peiping a veto power" in the Sc
curity Council so long as she con-
tinues her warlike attitude.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
Miscellaneous

Secretary Dulles has made sew
eral tentative gestures toward cas-
ing tensions between the State De-
partment and the American news
corps on representation inside Red
China.
He has indicated receptivity
toward q pool arrangement. where
leading press agencies could send
in representatives for a month to
begin with. He has also approved
the idea of American newspapers
hiring foreign nationals to cover
Red China for them.
But Mr.. Dulles seems to be
holding firm to the principle that
Peiping must first release the six
American prisoners before the gen.
eral policy is reeonsidered.
The Secretary's mention of Red
China's subjugation of Tibet and
encroachment on Burma are mat
tiers Of more remote concern to the
United States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
MIDDLE EAST REPORT
BY H. B. SHARABI

BEIRUT. Lebanon.-Since the
Anglo-French invasion Of Egypt
last fall there has been a steady
trend in the Arab countries toward
. subtle realignment with regard
to the East-West conflict.
An important factor underlying
this tendency is the fact that the
choice now is no longer between the
West" as represented by Britain,
France and the United States on
the one hand. and the East" as
represented by Communist Russia
and her European satellites on the
other, but clearly and simply be-
tween the United States and the
Soviet Union. The direct commit
ments Of America and the USSR
in the Middle East have created a
new atmosphere in which 1t has be-
come increasingly difficult II not
impossible for any Arab govern
ment or political group to avoid
taking q clear stand in the cold
war.
Commitments Made
Positive neutrality" in the Arab
world today no longer means what
Egypt and Syria would like It to
mean Each nation is committed
one way or another to one or the
other OF the two world camps.
During the writer's visit to this
area three years ago. the situation
was fundamentally different. In
ternational communism was not
even viewed as an important factor
In determining Arab attitudes with
the possible exception Of HaQ). and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
MIDDLE EAST REPORT
American Prestige Grows in Arab Countrie.

an act which only q few months
ago would have created wide
spread disturbances and caused the
immediate collapse Of governments.
This change is perhaps best
demonstrated by the new rap
prochement between the three
Arab monarchies Of Saudi Arabia,
Iraq and Jordan. King Saud's
visit TO Jordan last week has
sealed the new Riyadh- Baghdad-
Amman triangle. thus creating q
new Arab pro-Western, anti Com
munist alliance which may even
tually include Lebanon, Sudan,
Libya and possibly Tunisia and
Morocco.
Doubts Are Roised
In these recent developments the
so-called street" Cor the politically
active masses Of the population)
did not rise against the new align
ment, despite bitter Egyptian op-
position. Intellectual and profess
sional circles backing Egyptian
President Nasser's policies in the
Arab world seem now to have seri-
GUS doubts regarding the genuine
ness OF Egypt's Arab nationalism
and her intentions in the Arab
world.
Their doubts are primarily caused
by the clumsy. heavy handed ac-
tivities Of Egyptian diplomats in
the various Arab countries. For
example, the details Of the Egyptian
Military Attaches activities in
Jordan. published in Amman and
given wide coverage in the Arabic
press. created q wave Of resentment
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30


the West signified simply the i'm
perialist powers of Britain and
France and "pro-Zionist" America.
The change brought about BY the
mutual stand Of Russia and the
United States during the Suez in
vasion has acted upon the two
most sensitive problems OF Arab
concern. namely. Israeli expansion
ism and direct or indirect Anglo
French Imperialism. In Arab eyes
both Russia and America stood in
October-November, 1866, for the
cause Of truth and justice in the
Middle East. But present develop
ments seem to show that OF the
two stands the American is by far
the more radical in its effect; for
despite the fact that the Soviet
Union has scored significant politi-
cal and psychological gains in Syria
and Egypt, the new Eisenhower
policy has been a curbing influence
on anti-American, anti-Western
feeling.
A new air Of growing confidence
is evident. especially In Saudi
Arabia, Jordan and Lebanon. A
new militant spirit has resulted
in concrete steps to stem pro-
Communist movements and at the
same time move into closer CO.
operation with the United States
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
Trade

Britain and West Germany. Eu-
ropes two top trading nations.
have now decided to break away
from the United States leadership
and increase their trade with Red
China 20 the same level as their
commerce with the Soviet Union.
The State Department was dis
appointed" by this decision Of two
major allies. President Eisenhower's
attitude was philosophical, but he
said the United States could con-
tinue its complete embargo.
Senator Fulbright was put in
mind. he said, Of the parallel with
Soviet-American relations before
this country recognized the Com
munists in 1888. The American
business community traded with
the Soviet Union clandestinely.
There was bitterness and increas-
ing pressure as the Government
tried to hold the line. America got
out Of step with the rest Of the
world. He expects the American
business community to make the
same complaints now. once they
see British, German, and eventually
Japanese businessmen dividing up
the Red Chinese market.
Last Friday. Secretary Dulles
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30

indicated they feel the time has
come for q policy reappraisal.
Only last Friday. however, Sec
rotary Of State Dulles reaffirmed
the administrators stand against
embracing the Peiping regime
The major components of the
United States Red China policy
concern:
/. Trade.
2. Admission Of Red China to
the United Nations.
3. American diplomatic recog-
milton Of the Peiping regime.
4. Informal Geneva talks at the
ambassador level, between q. Alexis
johnson for the United States and
Wang Ping-nan for Red China.
5. Formosa.
6. Miscellaneous items like the
ban on American newsmen's travel
to China. Red Chinese subjugation
Of Tibet and her encroachment on
Burma.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
Geneva Talks

The ambassadorial talks in &C.
neva are the one point Of contact
for the United States and Red
Chinese governments.
Ambassador johnson has agreed
to discuss only two things, Cd
American prisoners still held by Red
China-there are presently six, al
though Peiping promised two years
ago to release them all; 90 renun-
citation of force In settlement of
the Formosa dispute.
Efforts by Wang Ping-nan
to add cultural and trade relations
to the agenda. as well as arrange
ments for a foreign minister-level
conference between Peiping and
Washington have been rebuffed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30

Since the Korean armistice was
signed in July. 1858, the United
States has made only one important
concession to the Red Chinese.
That was to begin talks in Geneva.
The more conciliatory approach
Of our allies set q trend that will
make 1t increasingly difficult for the
United States. AS one congress
sional expert put 1t last week. 1T is
only basic diplomacy. when you
know you are going to get licked.
to take steps in advance to make it
look. when it happens, like you
haven't been licked"
That Is what the State Depart
ment is now about. American Dip
lomats are trying to hold as much
Of the line as they can-and they
are likely to hold most Of it-while
preparing to give way where they
must with as much grace as pos
sible.
How far the United States will
have to give way depends not only
on Congress and the White House.
1t also depends on Red China. If
she changes her policies-if her
economic position becomes so Diff
f1cult that she must abandon her
expansionism-if she recants and
makes amends for past aggressions
"a new Sino-American rapproche-
ment might come swiftly.
And it depends on the Soviet
Union. For If the Kremlin leaders
decide they really need a long pc
Rod OF relaxation Of tensions, or If
the disarmament negotiations now
at a crucial. hopeful stage are sue
cessful. Moscow might work very
hard 10 bring Peiping into harmony
with the rest of the world.
Given no significant change in
the Red Chinese attitude, however.
it is likely to be some years, perhaps
well after 1860. before the major is
sues that separate Peiping and
Washington are resolved.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
Loyalty Proposals
Invite Comparison

the Civil Service removal process.
however, a person could be removed
for possessing security risk charac-
teristics. a standard broader than
that Of reasonable doubt as to
loyalty.
When. in addition. it is consi.
dered that under the loyalty pro-
gram the commission would take
great pains to extend projections
accorded employees towards fair
trial and fair treatment, whereas
under the Civil Service procedures,
there is not even the right of a
hearing, there is serious question
as to whether the sum effect Of
the commissions proposals would
be to reduce the harsh effects of
the overall loyalty-security program
or increase them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
Neither side sees an advantage in
breaking on the talks.
Formoso

# Red China were to renounce
the use Of force in Formosa, there
might be some slight chance Of ac-
commodating Peiping and WASH
ington policies toward Chang Kali
shek's island stronghold. But the
next logical step, the establish
ment of two Chinas-permitting
Nationalist China to remain on
Formosa and Red China to continue
on the mainland-is a proposition
which both principals reject.
The United States has a mutual
defense treaty with Taipei against
which no one has effectively spoken
out. in either the legislative or
executive branch.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
HOUSE

HR 1914. Extend for one year
Agricultural Trade Development
and Assistance Act Of 1854. under
which agricultural SURPRISES are
sold and bartered to foreiyn coun.
tries. Passed. 345-7.
FOR; Harrison, Democrat Of Virginia: smith.
Democrat Of Vireinia Broyhill Republi.
Maryland and Landlord, Democrat OF
Maryland
lconsrsSsional Quarterly
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
RyMBLnGs ON The HILL
China Policy: New Pressure for Reappraisa|
RUMBLINGS ON THE HILL
Outlook for Change

opposed any trade that would in
crease Red China's military poten-
tial, but left the way open for
some small amount Of harmless,
peaceful" trade.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
SENATE

HR 5l89. Fiscal 1858 appropria-
lions for Interior Department,
Forest Service and related agencies.
Passed, $40.
FOR; Byrd, Democrat OF virginia; Robert
lican OF Maryland and Butler, Republican
OF Maryland.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
NEARBY VOTES

Votes Of the nearby Maryland
and Virginia legislators on last
weeks major roll calls in Congress:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30

Mr.. Shorobi, ossistont professor Of modern
Middle Eost history at Georgetown Uni.
versity, is outhor Of "A Handbook on the
Contemporary Middle Cost" He is on o
thres-month tour Of the Middle Eost.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23
PROPERTY VALUES RISE
Montgomery's Wealth
Is Costing 1t Money

DR.. James Prince. assistant SUI
perintendent. pleaded he needed
ratification of the pay raises to
recruit new teachers. Teachers
will get raises up TO $500.
Prodded by member Wylie
Barrow, who complained of time
lags in getting school projects
under way. the board named
eight architects to design 10
school projects costing $50 mil
lion. Most Of them s.e sched-
uled for completion by the open
ing OF the school in 1858.
In an unusual action. the
board voted to proceed with the
purchase of 3.3 acres Of land al
a cost Of $4,000 to expand the
Sherwood High School site IN
Sandy Spring. removing from
"a previous resolution a provision
that the transaction be approved
by the county council.
Approval is customarily sought
when funds for purchase OF
school sites are not included In
the annual budget. A memoran-
dun from DR.. Forbes II. Norris
superintendent of schools. had
noted that "a member OF the
county council" is involved In
the transaction.
Another school site purchase
approved by the board, paves
the way for a new school In the
Holiday Park subdivision along
Viers Mill road in Wheaton. The
6.P-acre site will be bought from
IT, subdivision developers fol
$500 per acre.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23

Montgomery County's wealth
as reflected In its property valu-
atoms is costing 1t money.
The Board of Education
learned last night that the
Icounty's State aid for schools
for the current fiscal year had
been cut by S228,300 as the re-
Sdlt Of a $50 million Jump in the
lcounty's assessable base.
State aid is computed on a
formula involving the compare
tive wealth of Maryland coun-
ties, as determined by the as
sessable bases. with so-called
poor counties getting a high pro-
portion Of State aid, and
weather. counties a low pro-
portion.
Byron Benson, controller for
the board. suggested the def
cheney, together with a $50, 700
shortage In the 1956-57 budget.
be wiped out by using $3l1 1000
in unallocated funds in the budg-
cts for the last two years. The
board approved and voted to ask
the county council TO ratify the
action.
Pay Formula Approved
The board voted approval of
the councils formula for teach
er pay increases for next year.
after turning aside a move by
Mrs. Rose Kramer TO whittle
down the teachers boosts TO
provide funds for a raise for
Supervisors. which had been de-
MED by the council.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23

pear in Bethesda Peoples Court
May is.
The dead girl had been major
ing in home economics at the
university. She was a native of
Washington, who moved to Ia
koma Park with her family in
1887. Besides her parents. she
is survived by brother, Allen. Is.
An autopsy was to be per-
formed today at Suburban Hos
pital by DR.. Frank Broschart,
county medical examiner.
Miss Lords death was the
eighth traffic fatality in Mont
gomery County this year, the
fourth since Friday. There were
only three deaths at this time,
a year ago and only IL for the
entire year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23
U. Of Maryland Coed
Killed as Car Overturns

A 20-year-old University Of
Maryland sophomore was fatally
injured today when the car in
which she was riding ran of
River road near Bethesda and
overturned.
Sara Ann Lord. daughter Of
Mr.. and Mrs. John L. Lord.
6907 Prince Georges avenue.
Takoma Park. was dead on ar
rival at Suburban Hospital after
being trapped under the over
turned car. Montgomery County
Police reported.
A tow truck had to lift
the wrecked car before the
Bethesda Chevy Chase Rescue
Squad could get her out.
Miss Lord, who graduated two
years ago from Northwestern
High School, in Hyattsville, was
a passenger In the car driven
by Frederick Thomas Dapkus,
%. Of 1904 Woodbrook lane.
Chevy Chase. police said.
Mr.. Dapkus, identified by the
hospital as a Safeway store clerk,
was thrown from the car when
1t overturned. He was admitted
to the hospital with possible head
injuries.
Police Pvts. Paul w. Bonavries
and Carl N. Satterwhite said the
accident occurred at 1905 am.
just south OF Orkney parkway.
They said the car was going
south on River road at an APP
parent fast rate Of speed when II
ran off the road at a sharp curve.
Mr.. Dapkus was charged with
Hanslauehter by auto and reckI
less driving and ordered to APP
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23

portation facilities, public utili-
ties and streets. roads and high
ways.
He urged support of the plan
at a meeting Of the District So
ciety Of Professional Engineers,
which includes registered engi-
neers from Maryland and Vir-
ginia. The meeting was held in
the Potomac Electric Power Co.
auditorium at Tenth and z
streets NV.
Many Things Neglected
THE Metropolitan Area is an
example Of the type of COM
munity which constitutes over
40 per cent Of the urban popu-
lation in this Nation" Mr.. Hyde
said. land many things in its
development have been sadly
neglected and handled I'M
der hodgepodge methods"
AS an illustration. he pointed
to pollution of the Potomac
River.
THE proper control OF sewage
and waste dumping into our
water supply and the use Of the
water supply itself are still being
dealt with on piecemeal basis
instead Of on an area basis, .
the Representative declared.
Specific Area Urged
He described the need for the
study as Of paramount impor-
tance." and pointed TO a recent
request by the National Plan
ners Association for a White
House Conference to deal with
the haphazard development of
the Nations cities.
II believe 1t is a matter that
should be looked into by the
Congress. with its attention de
rected to a specific area" he
added. THE most appropriate
specific area for Congress, Of
course. is the Metropolitan area
OF the District"