davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08
BY FRED THERoUx

Despite a thoroughly chilly ON
cial reception. the proposals Of for
mer diplomat George r. KEENAN,
for bringing about a workable
truce In the cold war are receiv-
ing a sympathetic. though largely
silent. reception from some Amer
lean diplomats.
Mr.. KEENAN,. Ambassador to the
Soviet Union in 1928. is lectur-
ing in Britain for the British
Broadcasting Corporation. Now a
professor Of history at the Insti-
tute for Advanced Studies at
Princeton University. he is in Eng
land for a year OF teaching at
oxford University. In four broad
cast lectures. he has put forth
suggestions for easing interna-
tional tensions and achieving a
modus vivendi with the Soviet
Union. All Of his major proposals
are Numerically opposed TO the
policies being pursued by Secretary
Of State Dulles in his efforts to
counter Moscow's growing influ-
ence and power in world affairs.
MFR KEENAN,. whose opinions In
regard to the Soviet Union have
long been looked upon as expert"
Che was the Mr.. X" who origi-
mated the "containment" policy OF
the late l940S. a concept he now
believes inadequate to the tines.
departs from administration policy
particularly on two major issues
They are ~ the question Of Ger
many. and 90 the proper role Of
the North Atlantic Treaty Organi-
cation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08
BY MARY LOU WERNER

Virsinia's pupil placement law.
adopted 10 preserve segregated
schools. has turned ont TO be q
legal chameleon. At the moment
1t is enforceable only against white
studentS-and not against Ne
groes. at whom it was directed.
Under current Federal Court
rulings Negroes cannot be COM
PEELED to use the law. Thus 1t is
worthless as a defense against in
tegration. But 1t is applicable TO
white children. according 10 the
Virginia Supreme Court OF APP
peals ruling last week in the De
Febio case. And there are signs
the Federal Courts concur.
The rulings sound inconsistent,
but the courts have drawn q fine
legal distinction which shapes UP
something like this:
Negroes cannot be compelled 10
submit TO the placement law since
II is part Of a plan to bar them
from schools because Of race. No
question Of discrimination is in
volved with white students, how
ever. and they therefore are not
in q position to challenge the law.
The net effect has been the sus-
pension Of three white students
from school for lack OF placement
forms. while q number Of Negro
youngsters who failed 10 supply
the same forms are attending
CLASSES.
-Four key cases have brought
about the peculiar state Of Affairs.
How II Bsson
II began with the combined
Norfolk and Newport News de-
segregation suit. Negro students
went into Federal Court and asked
for an Injunction forbidding the
school boards in those jurisdic-
tons from denying them admis-
sion to any school because OF race.
The State contended the Ne
Rroes should attempt TO use the
new placement law, part of the
legislative program adopted in the
fall OF 1856 10 preserve separate
schools, before complaining of dis
elimination. No mention OF RAGS
u contained In the placement law,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08

the Arlington case was asked TO
file a placement application even
to attend a Negro school. since
placement forms are required for
all students changing schools or
entering school for the first time
Judge Bryan. however. ordered the
boys enrolment in a Negro school
without the placement applica-
ton.
Mrs. DeFebio's Bottle
Mrs. Theo T. DeFebio mean
while began her fight against the
placement law. Mrs. DeFebio. who
is white. entered her two oldest
sons in Fairfax County public
schools last January for the first
time. She refused to sign place.
ment applications for them. and
they were sent home. They have
been out Of public school ever
since last April.
Mrs. DeFebio, who calls herself
a 100 per cent integrationist."
filed suit with the Virginia SUI
preme Court Of Appeals challens-
ing validity OF the placement law
under the Federal and State con-
stitutions.
The Virginia Supreme Court OF
Appeals on Monday refused TO
order readmission OF Mrs. De-
Febio's sons TO county schools
without the placement forms. The
court did not pass on the place.
ment laws validity under the Fed
eral Constitution, declaring that
there was no indication the law
would discriminate against her
children.
I'm other words" the court said.
"a person whose rights are not
infringed by enforcement OF a
State statute cannot successfully
attack its constitutionality."
The court did say. however, that
the placement law was not In con-
fiict with the State constitution.
A Federal Court Speoks
A similar case which arose In
Falls Church indicates the think
ing Of Federal Courts where white
students are involved.
Joel Klein, l2-year-old son OF
Mr.. and Mrs. s. c. Klein, was sent
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08

In brief. many responsible labor
leaders are beginning to wonder
just what blessings have come
from the merger. Certainly more
union members is not one Of
them. This AFL-CIO President
George Meany frankly acknowl-
edged in his keynote speech when
he said: we cannot come to this
convention and tell you we have
had any great success in the past
two years" In organizing the UNI
organized. II anything the fed
eration has lost rather than
gained in membership.
Nor has the combined fedora
ton attained greater esteem In
the eyes Of the public. Two years
ago. Mr.. Meany told the merger
convention that organized labor's
greatest asset was public esteem.
To further that. the AFL-CIO
wrote into Its constitution the
broad provisions now being in
voked against unions charged
with corruption.
But public confidence because
Of the scandals-whether justi-
fiably or not-hss lessened In the
past two years II has reached the
point where even some hardbitten
labor leaders are saying private
ly that the country's mood has
become more antiunion than it
has been in many years.
Con II Be Done?
All these things contribute TO
labor's headaches here. And they
pose for the convention and for
responsible AFL-CIO leaders
everywhere the fundamental
problem:
Can federation Of afiiliated
unions. each jealous of It's own
autonomy. become the all-power-
full voice in organized labor? Has
it the strength to impose its will
on subordinate organizations?
The problems facing the AFL-
CLIO cannot be written of az
growing pains" Of a young organ
iZation Many Of the unions now
part Of the federation are old in
years and although IN the past
they vert associated with the
American Federation Of Labor
they were laws unto themselves.
SO the pains of the AFL-CIO
at present are the structures that
have come from a grating oper-
alton Of old unions with the new.
What will be the outcome?
Despite whatever personal mis-
givings they may hold. delegates
generally appear to be on the side
OF the federation They believe
that the AFL-CIO will emerge
eventually as the final and au-
thoritative voice of American
labor They recognize. although
they may not like it, that the once
sacred union principle of au-
tomony must be modified to make
way for a strong central authority.
Meony Is the Key
That strong central authority
is represented here by Mr.. Meany,
the one-time Bronx plumber.
II would not be fair to say that
AFL-CIO efforts TO clean up scan.
dal-hit unions spring from Mr..
Meany alone. That would belittle
the work of such leaders as George
Harrison of the Railway Clerks,
Dave Dubinsky of the Ladies
Garment Workers. Walter Reuther
Of the United Automobile Workers
and numerous others. But Mr..
Meany has spanked the drive.
He was the principal architect
OF the merger two years ago. With
his irsistence there can be no,
compromise and no deals on the
corruption issue. He will stand
also as the architect Of the ALL
clio future.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08

which vests student assignment
powers in the hands of a three
member board in Richmond. But
two other measures adopted at the
same time provide for the auto
matte closing Of any school where
inteRration occurs and the with
holding OF State funds from any
locality that tries to operate mixed
schools.
Federal Judge Walter Hoffman
rejected the placement law as
State defense in the Norfolk and
Newport News case, calling it "un-
constitutional on its face" His
ruling subsequently was upheld by
the Fourth Circuit Court Of APP
peals. which did not use the word
unconstitutional but said the law
could not properly be enforced
on Negroes. That ruling ultimately
was upheld by the Supreme Court.
1t was this case that pretty well
disarmed the placement law as a
weapon against indignation. There
has been disagreement whether
the ruling actually invalidsted the
law. but no one has disputed the
ultimate effect.
The Arlington cose
If Judge Hofiman's ruling didn't
scuttle the placement procedure
as an indignation remedy. q sub
seQuent decision by Judge Albert
". Bryan In an Arlington race
case certainly did.
Judge Bryan in September
ordered the admission Of seven
Negro students to white Arlington
schools, declaring that he could
not compel the Negroes TO sub
NIT TO the placement law.
The only reason the seven Ne
groes are not attending white Ar
lington schools right now is be-
cause Judge Bryan agreed to
suspend his decree while an APP
peal is carried by the State to the
Fourth Circuit Court OF Appeals.
The outcome seems pretty OBJ
vious. since the appellate court
already has viewed the placement
law In the Norfolk and Newport
News case and rejected II as o
proper administrative remedy.
Ons Of the Negroes involved in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08

II could be that the Republicans
have taken a long look at these
figures and have decided that the
Democrats can have the farmers
If they can have the city folks.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08
Sees Firm Soviet Stond

On Germany, Mr.. KEENAN, con-
tends that the Soviet Union must
and will oppose to the bitter end
the remilitarization of West Ger
many and its inclusion In NATO
forces. Until there is Western ac-
ceptance Of the Soviet determine
ton to keep Germany demilitar-
lied. there is. according to the
KEENAN, view. no prospect that
Moscow will be willing to nego-
tiate seriously on the other prob
lens threatening peace.
The Soviet leaders have offered
to guarantee demilitarization Of
East Germany If West Germany
does not rearm But even If the
Communist guarantees were ac-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08

city than on the farm is much like
having a Secretary Of Commerce
that appeals more to Walter
Reuther than to Henry Ford II.
But there are political realities
that are obvious in the continue
ally diminishing farm population.
The changes since 1920 in the per-
centage Of farm population TO the
total population make the point
clear enough:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-18

for the sentence to take effect.
The judge gave the agent that
amount Of time to confer again
with your superiors.'
The fine came as E. H. Hall,
a local contractor, went on trial
on a charge of filing false state
mentS and documents to obtain
Federal Housing Authority
loans. Hall was one of seven
contractors indicted.
The defense asked July 8 for
dismissal Of the cases, but the
petition was refused. The de-
tense then asked to see Govern
ment records as Judge SWIM
ford instructed Mr.. Wallace to
produce them yesterday.
UphOlds Rights
After Mr.. Wallace failed TO
produce the records. Judge
Swinford read a lengthy state
ment. which said. in part: THE
integrity of the FBI and its
agents must be preserved but
the right of an individual also
must be preserved. The prose-
cution should be void of sur
prise of the witness at the time
of the trial.
"A Government agency
should uphold rather than be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-18
Nosser Suez Promise
Is LegoIized by Egypt

CAIRO, July 10 (R.-Presi-
dent Nasser's government today
wrote into law its promise not
to discriminate against any
Suez Canal users-and its
adherence to the 1888 Constan-
tinople convention which it
uses to bar Israeli shipping
from the waterway.
The law made public today
forbids the governments Suez
Canal authority from discrimi-
mating against any ship trans
iting the canal and from doing
anything else in violation of
the 1888 convention.
But it added that the law
docs not prejudice in any way
the rights and obligations of
the Egyptian government" un-
der the convention.
This still rules out Israeli
shipping. Egypt holds that the
1888 convention gives it the
right to ban Israeli ships from
the canal as a security meas
ure. since Egypt contends the
l948 state of war between the
two countries was not ended by
the l949 armistice.
The law was enacted by de-
cree. 1t does not change any
aspect of the canals operation
but only legalizes the manage
ment system Col. Nasser prom
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-18
.FbI With|lo|ds
.Record;.Agent
.IsFined $1,000

BOWLING GREEN. KY,
July Is (P.-Federal District
Judge Mac Swinford yesterday
called an FBI agents refusal to
turn over his records to the
court in an alleged fraud case
defiance of the worst kind"
and fined the agent $1,000.
Judge Swinford voiced his
reluctance to fine agent Marcus
Wallace. but said a recent Su-
preme Court decision relating
to FBI records must be followed
in the case.
The Supreme Court ruled
June 3 that the Government
must make available to defend
ants certain information in FBI
or other files obtained from
persons it wishes to use as wit
nesses in a criminal case. 9th
erwise, the court said. the
prosecution must be dropped.
Has Until Oct. Is
Mr.. Wallace said he refused
to hand over the records on the
advice OF the Attorney Genesal's
Office in Washington. Judge
Swinford said, in view of that.
he would wait until October i8
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-18
Israel Charters Ship

TEL AVN. Israel, July Is
R.-Another foreign char
tered ship has arrived in Mas
saua. Eritrea. to start plying for
Israel on the newly created
Eilat-EaSt Africa route. in
formants here said today. The
ship, the third chartered for
this purpose. is the S00-ton
Italian freighter Martha. which
passed without incident through
the Suez Canal.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-18

ised in his April "a declaration
of canal policy.
The declaration which Egypt
filed with the United Nations
promised not to discriminate
against any nation within the
limits and in accordance with
the provisions" of the old Con-
stantinople treaty.
At the same time Egypt de-
clared it would run the canal
on its own and collect all toll
money. The United States,
Britain and all other user ma
tons eventually went along
with the decree and permitted
their shipowners to resume US
ing the waterway.
The new law also said Col.
NasSer would appoint, dismiss
and fix the salaries of canal
authority members.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-18
Huirdressers Elect

PITTSBURGH, July 10 (R.-
Philip Parker of Gary. Ind,
yesterday was reelected presi-
dent of the National Hair
dressers and Cosmetologists
Association at the organiza-
TONS annual convention. Vice
presidents chosen included Jo-
seph Weir. Knoxville, Tenn. "
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-18

little the sanctity and integrity
of a court"
Judge Swinford said he could
not understand why the
United States Government
would object to fun compliance
of a Supreme Court decision. s.
The judge added. however.
that he realized Mr.. Wallace
was merely acting on orders
from your superiors.
The FBI in Washington de-
clined comment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09

when the administration wa
looking for someone TO head
the Supreme Court, Mr.. Brow
nell talked with a couple OF
college professors and a couple
OF political hacks" and then
few TO California TO contact
Mr.. Warren. a man Of no legal
experience"
He said Immediately after
Mr.. Warren Joined the court,
1t undertook overnight to
change the Constitution Of the
United States. something Con-
gress cannot do"
Senator Talmadge referred
to the high court as the little
group" and said ell OF them
together don't have enough
legal experience TO convict one
chicken thief in Echols County,
Ca"
Senator Talmadge said we
are living under q judicial
and military Dictatorship"
The Senator said he does not
condone violence at Little Rock
or anywhere else.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
Russell LasIles
BrownelI, Nixon


ATLANTA. Ga. Oct. Q R).--
Senator Richard B. Russell last
night blasted the two evil
geniuses" in the Eisenhower
administration for the Little
Rock school situation and the
tragic assault on constitutions
al government"
The Georgia Democrat said
the school desegregation deci-
sion was inspired through At
torney General Herbert Brow
nell and handed down by the
Warren court" headed by Earl
Warren, Chief Justice Of the
United States.
The tragedy of Little Rock"
occurred, Senator Russell said,
when the cunning, connivine,
expediency-erabbing Brownell"
ordered out elite troops TO en-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09

made by Government and tel
ephone company officials, in
GLIDING Defense Secretary
Wilson. Postmaster General
Summerfield, Gen. Nathan r.
fwining and Frederick r.. Kap-
pei, president Of A.T.&T.
Following the formal cere-
mony. the first call over the
new system was made by Mrs.
Joseph p. harrington, president
Of the Honolulu STAR Bulletin.
TO Benjamin M. McKelway,
editor Of The Star and new
president Of the Associated
Press.
The first commercial cali was
placed by Riley H. Allen, editor
of the Honolulu Star Bulletin.
TO Frank J. Stared. general
manager to the Associated
Press In New York.
Editor Allen noted that IS
years ago the first message
over q commercial cable to
Waikiki went from the Homo
lulu Evening Bulletin to the
AP.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
NewCabIesLinkI
Hawaii andU.S..

A S31 million undersea cable
system, the longest and deepest
In the world. now links Hawaii
and the United States main
land.
Ceremonies held In the old
State Department building yes
terday officially opened the
2,400-mile system. which was
built by the American Tele-
phone a. Telegraph Co.. and the
the Hawaiian Telephone Co.
The link consists OF two
cables rs miles apart, one
carrying voices westward and
the other eastward. joining
Point Arena. Calf. near San
Francisco and Hanauma Bay,
IL miles east Of Honolulu.
Calls linking Washington,
San Francisco and Honolulu to
inaugurate the system were
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09

force . judicial decree integral.
Ing Central High SCHOOL.
In addition to Mr.. Browneil
Senator Russell said the other
OF the "evil eeniuses" is Vice
President Nixon. 'the most EN-.
bilious politician that has evel
lived"
Senator Russell said Mr..
Nixon apparently thinks that
AL IL takes 70 be elected Presi-
dent Of the United States Is
to get the Negro vote in the
doubtful States"
II think he's wrong" Sem
ator Russell said. THE people
of the United States want a
President who can see beyond
the vision Of the NAACP.
Senator Russell and his Sem
ate mate, Herman Talmadge,
made q heavy attack on what
they called invasion of States
rights at a S25-a-plate dinner
held by the ant-integration
States Rights Council OF
Georgia.
Senator Russell said that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
Church Group Hits
'HuyS' Role in Crisis

UTICA. Miss. Oct. Q lR.-
The Utica Baptist Church. call
ing Representative Brooks
Hays. Democrat Of Arkansas,
an "avowed intergrationkt,"
has asked withdrawal Of an in
vitation for him to address the
Mississippi Baptist Convention.
The church's resolution
charged that Mr.. Hays. who is
president of the Southern
Baptist Convention. seems to
have placed politics above
principles in the part he has
played in the Little Rock oc-
cupation by federal troops
Mr.. Hays has worked with
President Eisenhower and Gov.
Orval Faubus of Arkansas in
seeking a peaceful solution to
the Little Rock situation.
The invitation TO speak at
the November 1914 convention
was extended before the Little
Rock crisis developed.
There was no comment from
any authoritative spokesman
for the Mississippi convention.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09

gorical denials from the White
House. the Army and from
school ofhcials.
There were conflicting ver-
sions in Little Rock.
The League Of Central High
School Mothers. q seeregationist
group. provided one.
MIS-. Margaret jackson,
league vice president, quoted
her daughter Sandra as saying
she never had seen a soldier
inside the dressing room, but
that they might as well be be-
cause they stand outside and
can see right in through q glass
door" Other students said the
dressing rooms do not have
glass doors.
Tells Of Phone Calls
Gov. Faubus told newsmen he
had two or three telephone calls
suhstantiating his allegation
that male soldiers did accomp-
any girls to the dressing rooms.
His executive Secretary. Arnold
3. Skies. said there were eight
snch calls. Neither Gov. Faubus
nor Mr.. Skies mentioned any
names.
Asked about a statement by
White House Press Secretary
danes c. Hagerty. that his
original charge was completely
vulgar" Gov. Faubus said: II
agree that the incidents might
be termed that"
In Washington. Secretary Of
the Army Brucker issued a
statement noting that Gov.
Fauhus had said he could prove
his charges. Mr.. Brucker
added:
If he has any evidence to
support his allegations he
should come forward and tell
the public Immediately all of
the details upon which he
hyeled such serious and de-
famatory charges. He cannot
be allowed to hide behind his
eeneralities.
Either Gov. Fauhus has the
evidence to support his charges
Or he is guilty of q malicious
falsehood In slandering Amer
lean troops. !"
A spokesman said Gov. Fau-
bus would have no immediate
comment on Mr.. Brucker's
statement.
A spokesman for the Mothers
League said the Governors
statements would be supported
BY Kathleen Craighead, a To-
year-old sophomore at Central
High.
Story Not True. She Says
Kathleen said she may have
been the original source OF the
story, but that It was not true.
She said troops escort Ne
gro girls to the head of q
stairway across the hall from
the entrance to a dressing
room when the Negro girls so
to physical education classes.
The soldiers do not go into
the girls dressing room" she
said. IF the soldiers fingered
at the top Of the stairs they
might be able to look into the
dressing room when the door
was being opened or closed. but
I've never seen them do that"
Still another account came
from q girl who identified her
self as Mickey Wright. a 1856
graduate Of Central High.
She volunteered to reporters
. story Of going TO the school
on an errand yesterday and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09

said she saw soldiers inside a
locker room while girls were
changing clothes for a gym
class.
Newsmen questioned half q
dozen girl pupils who said they
had not seen or heard Of such
an incident.
Asked II the soldiers were
watching the girls while they
undressed. Miss Wright said:
mo. but they could have. They
were just standing there talk
ing to each other inside the
door"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
Soviets Get Around

UNITED NATIONS, Oct. 9
tR.-Soviet citizens do get
around. Mrs. 2. v. Mironova.
deputy mayor Of Moscow. told
the General Assembly's Social
Committee that about 100000
Soviet people Travelled TO 81 for
eign countries last year. She
spoke in support Of a Czech res
olution favoring tourism and
other international contacts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
Train eoct Sioned

HONG KONG, Oct. o R.--
Peipine radio has announced
the Soviet Union. Red China
and Outer Mongolia have
signed an agreement for
through trains to and from
their territories.