davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1957-01-17

minutes after exposure for
twenty (20) minutes to the
approved test flame.
FLAME RESISTIvE MATER.
IAL Any material which
supports a sustained flame for
not more than two ~ min.
utes after exposure for twenty
(20) minutes to the approved
test flame.
FIRE DIVISION The interior
vertical means of separation
of one part of a building from
another part together with
fire resistive floor construc.
tion to form a continuous fire
barrier between adjoining OF
super-impoSed floor areas OF
more stories.
FIRE RESISTTVE CONSTRUC.
T1ON Fabricated units or
assemblies of units of con,
Struction which have a fire
resistive rating of not less
than three-quarters (34) hours.
F I r E RETARDENT CON.
STRUCTION Fabricated
units or assemblies of units
of construction which have a
fire resiStive rating of not
less than one-third u-3) hour
FIRE WALL An interior wall
which completely subdivideS
a building into limited areas
in all stories or which sep
arateS two or more buildings,
to restrict the spread of fire;
and which is supported on a
foundation and extends con-
tinuously through all stories
to and above the roof except
in buildings of fireproof con-
Struction.
GRADE The street sidewalk
elevation at the center of the
building wall fronting on the
sidewalk when such wall is
located within go five feet
of the street lot line; or the
average finished ground ele-
vation along such wall when
located more than five (5)
feet from the street lot line.
In a U-1 district all lots shall
conform to the grade level of
the neighboring lots to pre-
vent rain water from flooding
the lower adjoining lot or lots.
HABITABLE ROOM A room
or enclosed floor space in a
basement, first or upper story
arranged for living, eating or
sleeping purposes not includ-
ing bath or toilet rooms, laund-
ries, pantrieS, foyers or COM
municating corridors or base
ment rooms, with means of
light and ventilation approved
by the Building Inspector.
OF BUILDING The
vertical distance from the
grade to the top of the high
est roof beams of a flat roof
including manSardS, or the
mean level of the slope of a
hip roof. When a building
faces on more than one street,
the height shall be measured
from the average of the grades
at the center of each street
front.
MATERIAL
Any material which will not
support flame after exposure
for forty (40) minutes to the
approved test flame.
LOT LINE Any lot
line other than a "street lot
line.
MINIMUM HABITABLE ROOM
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1957-01-17
N Office OF APPOINTMENT

Estate of MARGARET YANKO
DeceaSe.
Notice is hereby given that
on the 18th day of December
1856 William K. Thomas East
Washington St. Chagrin Falls
Ohio and Joe Fedor, Jr., Balm
bridge Rd., RID. No. l, Chag-
rim Falls, Ohio was duly ap-
pointed and qualified as Co.
EXECUTORS of the estate of MAR
GARET YANKO, deceased late
of Bainbridge Township, Geauga
County, Ohio.
CreitorS should present their
claims to said Co-Executors
within four months from said
date.
ROBERT B. FORD
Probate Judge R3c3
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1957-01-17
NOTICE OF APPOINTMENT

4NVAANI VE zAA OA4N Il ANNLINA
Estate of NORMAN c. LITTLE
JOHN Deceased.
Notice is hereby given that
on the 5th day of December
1856 Newton B. Chapman Char
don Ohio was duly appointed
and qualified as Executor of the
estate of NORMAN c. LITTLE
John deceased late of Chester
Township Geauga County Ohio.
Creitors should present their
claims to said Executor within
four months from said date.
ROBERT B. FORD
Probate Judge R3c3
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1957-01-17
HAVE YOU MET
NOTICE OF APPOINTMENT

Estate of ELORA H. ELWELL
Deceased.
Notice is hereby given that
on the 18th day of December
1856 Arlington R. Shave RID.
No. 2 Chardon, Ohio was duly
appointed and qualified as Ad-
miniStrator of the estate of
ELORA H. ELWELL deceased
late of Burton Village Geauga
County, Ohio.
Creditors should present their
claims to said Administrator
within four months from said
date.
ROBERT B. FORD
Probate Judge R3c3
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1957-01-17

HAVE YOU MET
Mr. and Mrs. Virgil Ham.
mond who have recently NOV
eo 70 Huntsburg from Char
don? They have bought a home
on the east side of Route 6O8.
IL is the fourth house south
OF Route 322. Mr.. Hammond
is employed at Johnson Rubber
In Middlefield. They have one
son who is seven years old
HAVE YOU MET
Mr.. and Mrs. Leon Smialek.
VINO have recently purchased
a nome on Bell st. in New
bury? They have moved here
from Caves rd. in Russell
township. Mr.. Smialek is an
electrical engineer at Nela
Park in Cleveland. They have
three children; James, eight,
Judith, six and David, who is
four.
+
HAVE YOU MET
Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph Weese,
who are starting to build a
home in HuntSburg? They
have recently moved from
Russell township. Mr.. Weese
Is employed at General Elec-
trio in Cleveland. The couple
has seven children, including
an eighteen month old set of
twins. Their home is on Route
528 south of Route 322.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1957-01-17
I Have You Met

Mr.. and Mrs. George Lewis
Sommer, who have recently
bought a home on Bell st. in
Newbury? They are located
about a half mile west of
Route A. Mr.. Sommer is an
investment broker and oper-
ates in Cleveland as the G..
L. Sommer and Co.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1957-01-17
HAVE YOU MET

HAVE YOU MET
Mrs. Barbara Serok, a Hung
arian refugee, now living with
her brothers. family, the Lewis
Meyers in Huntsburg. The
Meyers live on the west side
of Clay St., the first house
north of Huntley Road.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28

OF Statewide significance. He adj
vised against the compulsory at
tendance warrant until the full
placement board. plus Attorney
General J. Lindsay Almond, jr., can
pass on the case.
The placement board has a regu-
lar meeting scheduled this Tues
day. Presumably, the DeFebio
case will be considered then.
Low Declared Unconstitutional
Ironically. the law used to put
Nicky and Teddy out of school
already has been declared UNI
constitutional In January, Judge
Walter Hoffman made that ruling
In the Newport News and Norfolk
desegregation cases.
Judge Hoffman held that the
law was part of a legislative pro-
gram the State adopted to prevent
any indignation. The ruling is being
appealed by the State and In the
meantime the placement board is
going about the business of carry
ing out the law. -.
There is no sign today that the
board is willing to give the DeFebio
boys the same benefit of doubt
as they themselves enjoy by con-
tinuing to operate in the face OF
Judge Hoffman's ruling.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28
PAPER CURTAIN IN VIRGINIA
Placement Board Is Silent on DeFebio Cose

passed out some weeks later and on
March Is the placement board
ruled that parents had to fill them
out within Is days after receiving
them or their children would be
dropped from school.
Nicky was the first to 60. As
far as anyone knows, Mrs. De-
Febio is the only parent so far
to refuse to sign a placement APP
plication. although group of Negro
parents in Richmond have an
nounced their intention of doing
likewise.
Fairfax got in touch with the
placement board Office and reported
on the DeFebio dismissal. At
least one placement board member
wanted the county to pursue the
matter at the local level by having
Mrs. DeFebio arrested for violation
of Virginia's compulsory attendance
law. which requires parents to send
all children between the ages of
and l6 to school.
Dutifully, Assistant Fairfax
School Supt. George Pope went to
Fairfax Commemorative Attorney
Robert C. Fitzgerald to seek the
compulsory attendance warrant for
Mrs. DeFebio.
1t didn't take Mr.. Fitzgerald long
TO size UP the situation as one
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28

a 100 per cent integrationist." said
she refused to sign the applications
because she considered them part
Of the States scheme to defy the
supreme Court desegregation
decision.
Nicky and Teddy were the GEN.
ter Of another school controversy
in North Carolina six years ago.
They were taken away from their
parents after the DeFebios re-
fused to enroll them in public
schools. Two years ago. the boys
were returned to their parents af-
ter Mrs. DeFebio agreed to see that
they attended school. She says she
is now convinced the boys should
attend school, but that she cannot
bury her conscience to sign the
placement applications.
Applications Required
Under the place ment law
adopted by the Virginia General
Assembly last fall, all students en-
tering State schools for the first
time are required to file applica-
tons with the State Placement
Board.
Nicky and Teddy DeFebio trans
ferred TO Fairfax schools from
North Caroline in January.
The placement applications were
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28
LONG ROAD AHEAD
Moylonds Campaign Gets an EorIy Stor

past successes In Maryland to the
fact that they have steered away
from primary clashes between their
top vote-getters and they are trying
to avoid one again next year. That's
why Gov. McKeldin has been giving
consideration to returning to his
native Baltimore and running for
mayor. a Job he enjoyed when he
held 1t in the mid-1940s.
Representative James p. S. Dever-
eaux OF the I'd District Is best known
among Republican gubernatorial
aspirants. A soft-spoken conserva-
tive in Congress. Mr.. Devereaux is
a retired brigadier general and was
the Marine hero Of Wake Island in
World War II.
Gov. McKeldin recently tossed
out the name of w. Avery Hall of
Salisbury as q possibility to succeed
him in Annapolis. but that didn't
seem to start any G. o. p. hearts
pounding.
Frank Small, jr.. Clinton banker
who resigned late last year as Gov.
Mckeldins Commissioner of Motor
Vehicles. is another Republican pos
sibility for Governor.
But generally. Republican plans
are still much more up in the air
than those of the Democrats at
this point 387 days prior to the
primary and ass days before the
general election.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28
BY MARY LOU WERNER

The first crisis brought about by
Virginia's new anti indignation
legislation finds the State Pupil
Placement Board acting like the
three monkeys that speak, hear
and see no evil.
In the two weeks that have
passed since 9.year old Nicky
DeFebio was dismissed from Holm
Hall Elementary School in Fairfax
County the placement board has
relaxed the paper curtain around
its activities only enough to say
nothing is officially before u.s."
Officially or unofiicially, the
placement boards Office and at
least one Of the three board mem
bers have received a running ac-
count Of the whole DeFebio matter
from Fairfax school officials. But
the board has chosen to sit back
silently while Fairfax wrestles with
the problem.
Nicky was sent home from school
because his mother, Mrs. Theo T..
DeFebio refused to sign one OF the
States new placement applications.
His l4-year-old brother, Teddy,
subsequently was dropped from
Mount Vernon High School for the
same reason.
Mrs. DeFebio. who calls herself
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28

for Mr.. Tawes to stay in the race
to the end but they are taking DR..
Byrd's candidacy less seriously.
The 6S-year-old former Univer-.
sity Of Maryland president and
football coach surprised everyone
by filing earlier this month, even
though he already had surprised
everyone by interfering into the
closing days Of the senatorial
primary a year ago the somewhat
irrelevant announcement that he
would file for Governor again.
Four Others in the Wings
There are at least four other
well-known Democrats who have
put out feelers In regard to their
own ambitions to take over the
State House.
One OF these is Baltimore's
Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro, So
year-old former New Dealing Con-
gresham who now runs the States
largest city with an earthly touch.
A colorful battler who has never
lost an election, the Mayor needs
more support outside the city be-
fore he can risk his record in a
Statewide race.
Another potential contender is
Attorney General c. Ferdinand
Sybert. quiet country lawyer type.
He is So and served In the Legis-
lature until 1854. when he scored
an impressive victory by defeating
Gov. McKeldin's running mate for
attorney general.
State Senate Whip John O..
Turnbull. 48, has his eyes on the
State House. too. A Baltimore
County lawyer. his conservative
views on State fiscal affairs and
other matters have earned him the
title among the legislative press
OF being "the Harry Flood Byrd
Of Maryland"
A dark horse so far In the DEM
ocratic gubernatorial inaneuvering
Is one Of the most colorful and
ebullient politicians In the State
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28
By GENE GOODWIN

Marylanders are accustomed to
long political campaigns. but one is
starting now, which may take the
cake.
The general election for Governor
and United States Senator is still
better than year and q half away
and already two major candidates
have paid their filing fees. Several
others are known to have the same
idea.
Both Of the early filers are Demo-
crats-State Controller j. Willard
Tawes and DR.. H. c. Byrd. They
filed for the Democratic guberna-
torial primary, scheduled for May
20, 1858.
The Democrats, who haven't
elected Governor or Senator since
1946 despite a better than two-to-
one registration majority. are OPP
timistic about their chances of re-
capturing the State House.
Gov. Theodore r. McKeldin, top
Republican vote-getter in Mary
land. cannot seek a third term
under the Constitution. He is ex-
peeted to run for the Senate or for
Mayor Of Baltimore. The Democrats
figure that with the popular Mr..
Mckeldin out of the way, they
should be able to elect the next
Governor no matter who their
nominee is.
This rosy prospect is one Of the
reasons the line is beginning to
form at the right for Democratic
gubernatorial candidates.
The biggest reason, though. for
the appearance Of early aspirants
for the gubernatorial nomination is
the old story Of the headless donkey.
Marylands Democratic Party still
resembles loose alliance OF Chinese
war lords.
He's Woited a Long Time
Mr.. Tawes has the longest tenure
IN the gubernatorial line. He's been
controller since 1888 and as he told
reporters the other day, 1--WE been
putting of this promotion long
enough"
He wanted to run for his promo
ton in 1854 but stepped aside for
Or. Byrd. distant cousin from Girls
field. on the Eastern Shore. Or.
Byrd, you will recall. narrowly
wrested the nomination from George
P. Mahoney and then went on to
lose to Gov. McKeldin by $4,000
votes.
Last year, the 63-year- old con-
troller broke with the partys fast
fading "old guard" and supported
Mr.. Mahoney in his fourth con-
secutive bid to become either Gov
vFnor or Senator.
This aid to Mr.. Mahoney has
enabled Mr.. Tawes to extend his
Eastern Shore political organiza-
ton to Baltimore and other pock-
cts Of Mahoney strength throughout
the State. Mr.. Tawes also feels that
1t will keep Mr.. Mahoney out Of next
years gubernatorial primary.
Generally, the professional politi-
clans around the State are looking
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28
Effort to Get 'Rocio| BoIonce' in Schools
Has New Workers in Hot Controversy

Judy Wackstein, Is, O white stu
dent at Manhattan's Humboldt
Junior High School. Her reaction
was typical Of scores of students
questioned in about q dozen schools.
Many Of the largest parent
groups, including the big United
Parents Association. are firmly be-
hind the new program. But some
denounce it as "a Frankenstein."
The controversy has implications
that 60 beyond New York's bound
aries. Some social welfare groups.
such as the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored
People. favor similar steps in other
non-Southern cities. Roy wilkins,
executive secretary. said:
I'VE have advocated that New
York and other cities recognize de
facto school segregation (caused by
residential patterns. and make
policies looking toward changing it
in so far as 1t is feasible and
workable to do So"
'Busine' on Issue
Much Of the dispute about the
program has revoived around Ave
words: "Selective use of bus trans
portation."
Opponents claim this implies
wholesale movement OF children,
Negroes to white areas and whites
to Negro areas Officials say no
such thing is contemplated.
Here are a few snatches from
the croSsfire:
This busing of children will de-
priYe them Of community security"
said Attorney Max LONE OF the
Queens Federation of Civic Coun-
cils.
DR.. Jacob Greenberg, deputy
school superintendent who heads a
committee to put the program into
effect. said: There is no intention
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28
By SIMON TUCKER

Sometime before it recesses in
June. the Supreme Court is ex-
pected to hand down one of its
most significant decisions of the
year-one that will help spell out
the complex relationship between
the citizen and his Government.
The case, Watkins Us. United
States, ranges civil rights against
congressional rights, the right Of
the individual to remain silent
against the right of a congressional
committee to secure information.
Its outcome could have an impor-
tant effect on the conduct Of future
congressional Investigations.
In the case, John T. Watkins, q
former labor organizer. is attempt
ing to justify his refusal to answer
questions by the House Un-Ameri-
can Activities Committee about
Communist connections Of persons
he knew, even though he willingly
told about his own Communist
background.
Many ardent civil libertarians
see his cause as q fight for the in
dividual's right to follow the die
tates of his conscience. But Mr..
Watkins defense of his refusal to
respond does not hinge on the as
sertion that it is unconstitutional
for congressional committees to re-
quire people to talk about other
people. It is based on the narrower
legal thesis that the committee was
going beyond its legislative powers
when it asked the questions.
Attack Tokes 3 Lines
This thesis Is pursued in three
lines of attack. The first contends
that the Un-American Activities
Committee, when questioning Mr..
Watkins. was trying to expose peo-
pie as Communists rather than as
semble data for use in the carrying
out Of its legislative functions.
Therefore. it is commended. the COM
mittee was engaged in a non-legis-
lative activity and hence was oper-
ating illegally.
To support this argument, Mr..
Watkins lawyers have gathered to-
gether an impressive number of re-
ports. releases and statements by
the committees chairman which
cite its accomplishments in the
public exposure of Communists.
The committees side on this point
stresses the fact that. in opening
the hearings at which Mr.. Watkins
was questioned, the chairman made
a long statement asserting that the
hearings were designed to gather
information for a particular legis-
lative purpose. Thus. in order to
find the questioning invalid on the
basis of this defense contention, the
court would have to rule, in effect,
that the committee was guided by
the illegal motive rather than the
stated one.
Up to now. Federal courts have
followed the legal rule that judges
are not to guess at the motives of
congressional committees. If the
questioning of a committee dealt
with subject matter related to
legislative functions. the courts have
accepted them as valid. And if the
questioning has had the effect of
exposing some one to public odium,
this has been considered as an I'M
fortunate but not illegal by-product.
Behind this judicial practice is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28

today-State Senate President
Louis L. Goldstein. A homespun
liberal lawyer from Prince Frederick
who dabbles in real estate and
weekly newspaper publishing, Sem
ator Goldstein has been in the Leg
islature Is years and his hackers
are telling him that next year may
be his year.
There is less contention among
top Democratic ONCE seekers for the
Senate seat that Republican Sena-
tor j. Glenn Beall will have to
defend. They apparently feel that
the Republican OPPOSITION in this
race might be sitter than that for
Governor.
The names of Mr.. Sybert. Sena-
tor Turnbull and Mayor D'Alesan-
dro also are heard In connection
with the Senate race along with
two others-Representative Rich
ard E. Landlord OF the 5th district
and Mr.. Mahoney.
Mr.. Landlord, AZ, has built up a
good following among younger
Democrats with his record since
entering Congress two and a half
years ago.
Will Mohoney Try?
Mr.. Mahoney is still recovering
from foot operation and has made
no hints about his plans for next
year, but political observers learned
long ago not to- count him out Just
because he's lost a few.
II 1t Is assumed that he won't
oppose Mr.. Tawes, and Mr.. Tawes
seems to be so assuming. then that
leaves Mr.. Mahoney with nothing
to 90 for but the Senate. since he's
never considered trying for the
lesser Offices.
Maryland Republicans, mean
while have problems Of their own.
Gov. McKeldin repeatedly wants
to run for the Senate, but Senator
Beall insists that he Is entitled to
Q second term.
Republicans owe some Of their
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28
BY GEORGE W. CORNELL

NEW YORK.-Tension is run
ming high in some quarters here
about broad-scale program to spur
the mingling Of races in New York
City's mammoth public school sys-
TEN.
Some parent and civic groups are
raising fiery protests. Others are
feryently defending the plan. On
Gals are on the jump explaining.
notifying and assuring that there's
nothing to be alarmed about.
THE movement has stirred ex-
tremists on both Sides" said DIR.
William Jansen. superintendent of
schools. People have to see their
way clear between the extremists"
The friction arose over a pro-
gram drawn up by a civic commit
tee and adopted by the Board of
Education recently to get more
racial balance" in schools. The
program, calls for rezoning, "selec-
tive use Of bus transportation" and
locating new buildings in fringe"
areas.
In adopting the program, the Ma
tons largest city has gone beyond
legal requirements that all races be
admitted to schools on an equal
basis. and is taking additional, d.
rect action to foster interracial
student bodies. 1t makes racial in
termingling positive objective.
Thus. the friction has not been
over the principle of indignation
itself-but over the methods for
extending It in this metropolis
of one-color residential concentra-
tions.
The school children themselves
seem to be taking 1t all in stride.
It'd be pretty stupid II you
didn't like people Just because Of
the color Of their skin" said blond