davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-10

interiors Of stars, where mil
lion-degre temperatures were
available.
After years Of debate full Of
paradoxes. most geophysicists
now agree on the as billion
year figure, Drs. r. r. Houter-
mans Of the University Of
Berne, Switzerland: @. J. Was
serburg Of California Tech and
and q. H. Weatherell of Carne-
gle Institution of Washington
said today at the opening Of a
symposium on the earth's age
before the International Union
Of Geodesy and Geophysics.
Estimates have increased
greatly during the last 20
years. they said. but 1t Is ex-
tremely unlikely that they can
be pushed up much more.
baSeg OF GueSSee
At the beginning Of the
period most "guesses" were
based on the Oldest rocks in
Canada, South Africa and
Australia. according TO the pro-
portions Of uranium and two
rare forms Of lead which they
contained. Uranium decays into
these forms Of lead by radio
disintegration over billion-year
periods. These measurements
gave a maximum age Of less
that ; billion years.
Present determinations are
b on the time which must
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-10
Hong Kong: City of Contrasts

trained Britishers. many Of
whom have been schooled at
Scotland Yard. The Chinese
detectives who work in the
counterintelligence section Of
the police are supposed to be
among the best in the world.
Hong Kong is the only city
in the Far East in which
rickshas are drawn by men
on foot rather than on BIZ
cycles. What the do-gooders
throughout the world would
describe as "insolent capital
ism" lives side by side har-
moniously with the most
abject poverty this reporter
has ever seen in many years
Of travel throughout the
world. The disorders which
have occurred in the last few
years were of a political ma
ture. They were the result of
the clash between pro-Na-
tionalistS who hope that
Chang Kai-shek will soon
-liberate China and the Chi
nese subversives planted in
the colony by the Peiping
regime.
Although the British have
never permitted the Peiping
government which they rec
ognize to establish a consulate
in Hong Kong. tens Of thou
sands Of Communists were
allowed to come in as busi-
ness representatives Of the
regime. Their attitude to-
ward the authorities of the
crown is condescending
though correct.
For the time being it serves
Peiping's purposes to have
the British here because
Hong Kong is Red China's
main window toward the
West. And it is through here
that the Reds import officially
or smuggle the most essential
needs of their armed forces.
What will happen in the fu-
ture nobody wants to think
Of, for 1t might disturb the
slumber of the millionaires
who want business at any
price.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-10

give value for the money paid
and strange as 1t may seem
for q purely oriental city,
there is little bargaining In
the shops. The old Chinese
custom Of haggline over
every item purchased is con-
fined only to the money
changers and antique deal
ersy
In the more than 100 years
since Britain took over this
island and the 60-odd years
since it leased the New Ter
ritories," this crown colony
has had an exemplary ad-
ministration. If the United
Kingdom were anywhere near
as prosperous as Hong Kong
it would have no worries.
This place is truly amazing.
After the Japanese captured
it from the British in l941
the population dwindled to
fewer than 900, 900. The Brit
ish came back in l945. The
refugees returned and the
population rose to some 800,-
900. Since the Chinese Com
munists took over the main
land the number Of people
living in this territory of
some 425 square miles has
increased to 2,S75,0OO, mostly
refugees from Red tyranny.
There are intellectualS,
businessmen and ordinary
workers who have to sleep on
the streets for lack Of hous-
ing. One would expect that
hooliganism would be ram
pant in q city with such an
enormous population which
has a police force Of fewer
than 5000 men. Yet major
crime has become relatively
rare because Of the swift
justice administered by the
courts whose judges are ma
tive Hong Kong Chinese and
the enterpriSing and efficient
Chinese ofncers supervised by
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-10

its disintegration would be more
than now comes from the in
terror. Also the uranium and
its companion, thorium. in
meteorits. believed to be frag-
ments from the interior of an
exploded planet which was quite
similar to the earth. is very
small compared to that in the
earth's crust.
Age Of crystal rocks, esti-
mates Of which hitherto have
been quite crude. now can be
determined with relatively ex-
treme Professionalism 3 or 4
per cent or about 10000 years
In a million-with techniques
first developed Just before the
war but which now have been
greatly refined, II was explained
by DR.. r. D. Russell Of the
University of Toronto.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-10
Military Roll Fare
Appeal Weiqhed

A three-iudge panel Of the
U. S. Court of Appeals for the
District Of Columbia yesterday
took under consideration an
appeal by a group Of the Ma
tons leading railroads from
q recent ruling by Federal
Judge Joseph c. McGarraghy,
which had enjoined the roads
from continuing to gut rates
for mass movements OF military
personnel.
The suit for injunction had
been brought by a number Of
airlines, which charged the
fare cuts violated antitrust
laws.
The airlines are seeking a
total Of Sl44.6 million in dam
age actions now pending
against the railroads. Judge
McGarraghy's injunction has
been stayed pending outcome
of the appeal heard yesterday
by Judges Wilbur X. Miller,
Charles Fahy and David l..
Baselon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-10
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Russia is still possible StaSsen Is the kind of opms who
when by truck hopes they have clean
ambulance.
Wealthy Martha Dodd Stern who fed behind the iron
curtain indicted for espionage Nobody minds the fact
Russian?
Vice President Nixon opens physical conference
Nixon got interested in physical fitness the day
moed he would be sent open branch of the Eisenhower
team in Little Rock.
Democrats claim things bad in Washington under
of working for living
What the cost of the modern household en-
ploying maid twice week to clean up the pace-so 1t will
be presentabe for the baby-stter.
Some Of es advisers say the only way out Of the Little
Rock dilemma federaze the Arkansas National Guard
and send 1t over to fight in Syria
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-10
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Prosperous Island Called Amozing
And Center Of Communist SmuuoIinu

HONG KONG (By Air
I MALL This is not a city
or q metropolis despite its
nearly 3 million population.
1t is q huge emporium where
you can buy anything from
hand-tailored suits. at prices
two-thirdS lower than in
America, to top secret docu-
ments for anything from $50
to $4,000.
The quality and style Of
the suits are impeccable. The
documents are claimed to be
secret reports and carbon
copies Of American Central
Intelligence Agency reports.
But you can bet your last
dollar left after yielding to
the temptation Of the Hong
Kong tailors and custom
bootmakers that the docu-
ments are all spurious.
But it is fun to peruse the
samples" which the hawkers
permit you to glimpse to
whet your appetite. For 500
or less lit all depends on sales
resistance) you can get the
latest report on of 1.-THE
record statements made to
the Chinese internal secur-
ity by the II Americans who
are now visiting Communist
China. These visitors are
described as "the flower
Of Americas college educa-
ton" by the vernacular press.
For larger sums you can
get a detailed report Of the
latest agreement between
Peiping and Moscow or the
most recent battle order Of
the Red Chinese or Nation
alist armies or, even better.
the depth and width Of the
Communist naval bases where
Russian submarines are now
located"
It is advisable to stick TO
tailors and shoemakers. They
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-10
DOROTHY THOMPSON
On ImpIementing Indignation

colored alike, each rejecting
the feelings Of the adult COM
munitieS from which they
come, are educated in hatred
and feelings Of aggression.
What good does "the protec-
ton Of the law" do q child
who is scorned and ostracized
by his mates?
So the school year opens in
Little Rock, Ark; in Char
lotte. N. c.. and elsewhere.
inauspiciously, and for the
young. tragically.
Gov. Faubus Of Arkansas.
claiming the necessity to pre-
serve peace, has called out
the National Guard to block
a court order to integrate the
Little Rock Central High
School issued by q United
States district judge Of Far
go, NTOak.-a place far re-
moved from Southern feelings
and problems. The armed
guardsmen have been turn
ing back the Negro teen
ayers, repeatedly only nine.
who have tried to exercise
their rights"
The FBI has been called
in to investigate and the
Governor has told a news
conference that Federal au-
thorities have discussed ar
resting hinn-"the head Of q
sovereign State" Suppose
they should? What would be
the reaction Of the people
Of Arkansas and neighboring
States? Should the United
States send in Federal troops
TO disband the Arkansas Ma
tional Guard, escort the coll
ored children into school. and
then stay there to see they
are well treated?
The enforcement Of law
against q whole community
is war, and in war not even
victory creates respect.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-10

The greatest achievement
Of this past Congress was its
reconciliation Of North and
South on the right Of our
colored citizens to vote in all
elections on equal terms with
whites, and to provide means
whereby legitimate COM
plants can be adjudged.
The important thing is
that the bill was worked out
by agreement and passed
without any serious fllibus-
tiers.
A measure undertaken un-
der such conditions genuinely
protects the colored citizen.
1t establishes his rights by
the consent Of the majority
of the whole community.
white and colored. That is
much more than q mere legal
right.
For no law can operate to
achieve its desired ends If
it runs counter to the existing
state Of consciousness and
conscience Of the community.
A law to be effective must
be respected. To be respected
the overwhelming majority
must believe it to be right.
Respect is not created by
statute. No one can respect
what he firmly believes TO be
wrong.
Where q law is in harmony
with public standards, its
upholders (the police md
allies in the people. Where
the law is not thus in har-
mony, the police appear as
public enemies. Then peace
able enforcement becomes
impossible.
One can. therefore. rea-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-10
Enforcement Situation in School Issue
Held Different From That in Voting

sonably anticipate that the
right Of qualified Negroes to
exercise the franchise will not
encounter serious opposition.
Local courts backed by public
opinion will respect 1t.
But quite different Is the
ruling forbidding separate
public schools for white and
colored. In the South the
overwhelming white majority
give it no natural respect.
They are all but unanimously
convinced that the courts
decision Is an act Of legis-
lative usurpation: that it in
vades a domain constitution
ally outside Federal jurisdic-
ton; that mixed schools in
communities with large col
ored populations will not i'm
prove race relations but eX-
acerbate them; and that the
net effect will not be to lift
the education Of the colored
but to debase that Of the
whites.
There may be legal ways
Of settling the constitutional
issue. but there is no way Of
determining the rightness or
wrongness Of the other OBJ
jections.
This column is not arguing
their rightness or wrongness.
1t is only recording that
where the law is devoid Of
public consent 1t cannot be
enforced without violent &C
ton and counteraction, I'M
conducive to improving the
happiness Of white or colored.
II q colored child has to
fight his way into a white
school, the opposite Of an
educational situation has
been created, and white and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-10
Court Held in Error in Bosing Decision
On Sociological, Not Legal, Grounds

W. 6SS0sS 0sO~ssNS
cases in history were decided
by the highest tribunal on
the theory that, If equal ia
cilities in education were
provided. then there was no
violation Of the Fourteenth
Amendment, which says that
there must be equal protec-
ton Of the laws" to all
citizens.
The court, moreover, in its
1854 decision said:
I'VE come then to the Ques-
ton presented: Does segreea-
ton Of children in public
schools solely on the basis Of
race. even though the physi-
cal facilities and other tan
gible' factors may be equal.
deprive the children Of the
minority group Of equal edu-
cational opportunities? We
believe that it does"
But why should the Negro
students be formally stigma
tized as q minority group?
In the city of Washington,
for instance. the Negroes in
public schools far outnumber
the white children. and this
is true Of various other local
tiles in the country. The SUE
preme Court, however, intro
duces an Intangible" factor
as follows:
ITO separate them Negro
pupilS) from others of sim
liar age and qualifications
solely becalise Of their race
generates q feeling Of in
feriority as to their status
in the community and may
affect their hearts and minds
in q way unlikely ever to be
undone."
But viii Negroes concede
that mere separation from a
certain school creates among
them q feeling Of "inferi-
ority"? How can anyone with
pride Of color accept the
idea? II such q concept is
valid, isn't the ''inferiority"
intensified when Negro stu
dents discover that many
private schools In the same
community are increasing
their enrolment Of children
by claiming q constitutional
right to bar Negroes? And
is "inferiority" erased II the
attitude of the white stu
dents toward Negroes or that
Of the Negroes toward whites
during attendance at the
"integrated" public schools
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-10
DAVID LAWRENCE

Letters from readers Of
these articles in recent
months have asked this cor
respondent whether. in view
Of his criticism Of the SUI
preme Courts decision Of
1854. he himself believes in
segregation" in the schools.
An objective analyst Of
public affairs learns to sub
ordinate his personal view to
q dispassionate and impartial
examination Of the constitu-
tional issues themselves. This
writer. for example. was born
In Philadelphia and was edu-
Gated In ''integrated" public
schools in Buffalo. N. Y.
where one Of the star ath-
letes of the football and bas-
ketball teams was q Negro
and was one Of the most
popular personalities in the
school. This writer recalls
his friendship with him in
those years and doesn't re-
member any untoward Incl
dents involving Negroes ever
occurring at the high school
in question.
AS for "integration" today,
this correspondent has no
personal objection to it and
would not hesitate. II he were
q student again, to enroll in
an "integrated" school.
Then why, 1t is asked, does
the writer criticize the Su-
preme Court for declaring
unconstitutional the State
laws that deny Negro stu
dents entrance to public
schools unless the races are
separated?
The answer is that this cor
respondent firmly believes
that the Supreme Court in
its decision really violated
the Constitution and actually
accepted the doctrine that
the Negro. despite his educa-
tional attainments in recent
years, still feels inferior" to
the white man. The decision
is to be deplored because 1t is
q reflection on the Negroes
and constitutes an insult to
all those who take pride In
their color.
Many people who talk
glibly about the Supreme
Court decision Of 1854 have
never taken the time to ex-
anime carefully what the
court really did say.
In the first place. the court
declared that all previous
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-10
Eorth's Age Figured
At As Billion Years
BY THOMAS r. HENRY
Science Editor Of The star

TORONTO, Sept. 10-The planet earth in its present
shape is IS billion years oldplus minus few million
cannot be much than 500 million years older any
The elements Of which is composed however very much
older and must have been formed probably the
Milford chronicle., 1957-10-04
THE ROYAL ROAD TO AMERICA

I'd ueen Elizabeth IT of England will
be just one in whole procession
of royal tourists who have visited
America in the past 100 years.
1t started in 1860 when the Prince
of Wales, later Edward VII, got the
red carpet treatment, including grand
reception at the White House by Presi-
dent Buchanan.
But it was only after World War /
that the rush started. First there was
King Albert and Queen Elizabeth of
Belgium, in 1921, followed three years
later by the blond, dashing Prince of
Wales, now the Duke of Windsor. In
1926, came Queen Marie of Rumania.
She even donned cowboy hats and Indian
feathers when she visited the West.
One of the most important and inn
pressive of all the visits was that of
Britain's King George VI and Queen
Elizabeth in the summer of 1889. II
helped cement Anglo-American re-
lations just before the outbreak of
the second World War.
Queen Wilhelmina Oft the Netherlands,
a royal refugee from the war, came
here in 1912. After the cessation of
hostilities, a steady stream of mon
archs and princes flowed to the United
States. Princess Elizabeth and the Duke
of Edinburgh visited in 1851. A year
later came Queen Juliana of the Meth
erlands, and her husband, Prince Bern
hard, followed in So by King Paul and
Queen, Frederick of Greece, and the
19-year-old Prince Alzihito of Japan.
Ethiopia's Emperor Halle Selassie
toured the country in 1854. King Saud
of Arabia and his young son were
visitors only few months ago.
Some of these royal visits are pic
tured here.
, 1957-09-30
TAG DAY

agine Story also sold a STABLE
amount.
The Frederiksted list did not
come in as yet and the total
amounts collected are not yet
available, but will be pub
lished in detail when received.
posite way, particularly in UNI
der-developed countries, he
said. For these nations, he adj
ded, the difficult choice is
whether to spend for long
range development, or the al
deviation Of immediate needs.
, 1957-09-30
EVENING ONLY

Goth Century Fox presents
In Cinemascope & Color Deluxe
THE MAN IN THE GRAY
FLANNEL SUIT"
The Best Seller you read with
such intensity now a motion
picture with compelling
Gregory Peck, Jennifer Jones,
Frederic March, Marisa Pavan
Lee J.. Cobb, keenan, Wynn,
Gene Leckhart
Filmed in Rome, Italy, Westport,
Conn, New York Central RR Sta
ton and Hollywood, this is the
story of an excl. ten years
after the war, in the peace-time
struggle to make his way in the
world, still beclouded by the days
of battle, and his slow readjust-
ment to the ways of family and
friends. This is 2R hours of great
entertainment.
LATEST NEWS
, 1957-09-30
NOTICE OF SALE

The Virgin Islands Corpora
ton, st. Croix Power Division
IS offering for sale to the
highest bidder one lot OF
electrical materials consisting
o f junction boxes, circuit
breakers, squeeze connectors,
conduit, motors, switches, etc.
These materials are located at
Central Factory and persons
DESTROYS of inspecting them
m a y contact Mr.. Arpold
O'Reilly, Storekeeper.
Bids will be received up to
200 PM. Thursday, October
81, 1857, and should be adj
dressed to Mr.. Leonard S.
Martin, Manager.
The successful bidder will
be required to pay cash.
VIRGIN ISLANDS
CORPORATION
ST. Croix Power Division
26-2s-3O-S-8-1O
, 1957-09-30

Pennsylvania School of Social
Work. For the past six years
she has been a supervisor for
the Children's Aid Society of
Pennsylvania, and the organi-
zation's consultant on adop-
ton. Before that Mrs. Flem-
ing had been a supervisor with
Children's Service, Inc, also
i'll Philadelphia.
DR.. Fleming, a native of the
Virgin Islands, graduated
from the University Of Wiscon
sin, where he was elected to
Phi Beta Kappa. He also holds
the Masters degree in eeono-
mics and the Phi. D, in poll
tical science from the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania. He is as
sociate professor of political
science at Morgan State Col
iege, and a member of the
Equal Employment Opportun-
ity Commission of the City of
Baltimore.
The Flemings will live on
Southern Avenue in the Nor
gan College section Of Balti-
more.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-15
and at the entrance is a soft
drink and cigarette stand.
Plan to Rear Own Trout

and at the entrance is a soft
drink and cigarette stand.
Plan to Rear Own Trout
Beyond a row Of trees at one
side the partners have cut long
trenches for rearing pools. They
plan to stock more fish in
October for spring angling. but
plan in the future to raise their
own trout.
The trout we're obtained from
Pennsylvania - the rainbows
from the Williamsport area
and the brookies and browns
near Bethlehem. OF the original
5000 up to 2 pounds each in
weight. Quynn guessed that
about $500 remain.
About 80 failed to survive the
transplanting. Quynn said this
was far less than the experts
predicted especially If the
stocking took place in hot
weather. The trout were trans
planted in mid-July.
A visit to the pond was en-
Tightening. Only one person
was flshing-a youngster from
Hagerstown who was Ticking
dry flies into the center Of the
pool. He had hooked a big ORR.
but it leaped and snapped the
leader. Now he was trying
again.
Water Transparent
The water was TRANSPARENT
so clear that depths were de-
iceptive. Actually the average is
3 feet. Quynn raid. but there
are holes up to 6 feet deep.
Clustered about the spring were
hundreds Of trout Of all sizes
and colors. Further up the
pond. others roamed. There
didn't seem to be a 2-foot
square area without q FISH.
Quynn said the largest trout
taken so far had been 1914
inches long. Several Of the IL
inch fish had been hooked and
lost. He displayed their food,
prepared artificial trout feed.
At first the trout. like most
hatchery bred fish. fell for
most anything but lately they
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-15
New Fishing Rules
To Be Discussed

BALTIMORE. Sept. IA Cspe-
ciaD. - The Maryland Game
and Fish Commission viii hold
a public hearing Friday. Octo-
Der 4. at 1880 pm. at the Hotel
Alexander. Hagerstown. to dis
cuss several changes in the fish,
ing regulations for next year.
The changes mostly are of
a minor or administrative ma
ture. One Of the proposals is
to change the date of an
nouncing fishing regulations to
October rs Of the preceding
year. and another scraps the
present list of official trout
streams and brings a newer
and more up-to-date list.
The commission also proposes
TO legalize ice fishing and to
eliminate Jones Falls from the
list Of fly fishing -only streams.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-15

Quynn says has been a land
mark for hundreds of years
provides a constant flow of
cold. clear water.
1T actually is an artesian
we'll" Quynn says. producing
in excess Of 2 million gallons u
day. The water level in the
pond never varies more than
one inch even in periods Of ex-
tended drought and it has q
constant temperature Of 81 de-
grees year around. We have
been told the spring probably
originates somewhere in up
state Pennsylvania. the water
travelling along a deep lime
stone seam"
Before planting their trout,
the partners hired a power
shovel to clean out 100 tons OF
mud, silt and debris that had
been accommodating in the pond
for decades. This was dumped
in a nearby limestone quarry
The bottom also was flushed
with a high pressure hose.
The result was a body OF
water so feet wide by 100 long
the size Of a small suburban lot
with the spring bubbling at one
end and a wire fence at the
other. The fence keeps tbs
trout from wandering down the
stream that flows from the
pond. Tall trees furnish shade