davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06

This proposal to put the
Post Office Department on a
paying or sustaining basis, by
raising postal rates, seems to
be little understood by the
public.
Actually it is only the first
step in the objective Of hav-
ing the entire United States
Government ON a businesSlike,
"black ink" condition.
Other departments win i'm
mediately follow suit. Members
of Congress will not answer
letters from constituents un-
less a prestamped return en-
velope is inclosed.
Weather forecaSterS will
charge so much per forecast.
The Department Of Agriculture
will exact a royalty on its
patented turkeys. The Depart
ment of Defense will charge
tuition fees for its training
courses" And the collectors
of internal revenue will add q
service charge" for collecting
income taxes.
What the Post ONCE Depart
ment really needs is some
businesslike competition.
willard E. Dickinson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06
DOROTHY THOMPSON
Aides Seek to Avert Excess Concessions
To Soviet Union on NucIeor Weapons

It is clear from the news
conferences in Washington
last week that the President
and his chief advisers are not
of one mind concerning the
atomic arms race and that Q
movement has been afoot to
restrain the President from
going too far In concessions
to the Russians. These appre-
tensions In Washington are
also reflected in London, Paris
and Bonn.
Are they justified?
The President, as he has re-
peatedly shown, has a fixed
idea that another great war
will be an unmitigated dis
aSter to all nations; that
nothing but universal woe and
disaster can come of it: that
civilization will not survive it;
that it can result in no such
thing as victory.
This is certainly not a unique
idea. But the Presidents con-
viction and feeling are not
apparently shared by other
statesmen Cor military men,
which he professionally isl to
anything like the same degree
of intensity. except by the
Pope, who rules no temporal
kingdom.
Nikita Khrushchev has pub
licly deplored war, but he has
never said Russia could not
win one. He has said the OPP
posite. The editor Of Izvestia
said to me 10 months ago in
Moscow: I'VE don't want war,
but we are not afraid Of it,
The President is afraid Of 1t.
He said in a recent news con-
ference: II have told you time
and time again--I repeat it
almost in my sleep-there will
be no such thing as a victorious
side in any glohal war Of the
future"
1t haunts his dreams. It is
the nightmare.
This conviction and feeling
are bolstered and. we think,
occasioned by a profoundly re-
ligious view of life, not weaker
because he expresses it only
by inference. President Eisen-
hover thinks of his duty to
God. (He really does.)
Certainly no such concept
animates his Russian adver-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06

servation and photography, how
ever, the greatest unknown area
ON the earth's surface, the deep
sea bottom. The Navy calls it
Inner space" In the past it has
been accessible only to observa-
ton with instruments.
The Trieste's crew will observe
the weird realm at the bottom
of the ocean through two plexi-
glass windows six inches thick
seated in cone-shaped ports fouI
inches across on the inside ano
Is inches on the outside. One OF
the windows faces forward and
slightly downward and the other
faces aft and slightly upward.
Pressure Seals Portfolios
The seal between the plexiglas!
and the cone-shaped portfolios Il
affected by the sea itself, tn,
pressure Of which forces thu
Iplexiglass so firmly into thu
ports that not a drop of watel
enters the cabin. It is claimed
that these ports will withstand
a pressure equal to that at co.
900 feet. far deeper than tn,
steel balloon will dive.
To give the Trieste the boy
ancy it needs-enough to lif
from 25 to 80 tons-about 2.75t
gallons of gasoline is poured int
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06

them were sought and obtained.
If they had been valid, these
orders might have compelled
them to make disclosures that
would have injured their reputa-
tons and so their economic and
social interests ;" Because of
this, it was stated, the four had
10 legitimate interest to be pro-
tected.
Judges David L. Bazelon,
Charles Fahy and George r.
Washington concurred in the
Edgerton holding.
In a separate holding, Judge
Warren E. Burger agreed that
mo member Of this court doubts
that an application to the court
is not authorized by (the i'm
munity statute) until after a
witness has appeared and has
refused to answer. :"
But, the Judge said, instead OF
going into the legality of Judge
Pines order directing the four
to testify, he would render that
issue moot by reversing the
orders denying Intervention and
directing District Court to dis
miss the proceedings as pre-
maturely commenced. Judge
Burger also spelled out the ex-
tent to which the four prospec-
tive witnesses might intervene
in the case.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06

the immunity grant was prema-
ture in that it can be applied
only to witnesses who actually
appear and invoke the Fifth
Amendment safeguard against
self determination and not to
prospective witnesses.
The judges also unanimously
agreed that the potential wit
nesses are entitled to oppose in
court, as defendants, aspects OF
the immunity grant.
The appellate court avoided
ruling on the constitutionality
of the 1854 immunity statute,
which gives congressional COM
mittees the right to compel wit
neSSes, under penalty of con-
tempt, to testify in exchange for
Immunity.
Invoked Fifth Amendment
The current case, involved
Harold CHASER, former Treasury
Department economist of Great
Neck, N. Y; Wilfred M. Okla
Robert McElrath and Myer c
Symonds. all of Honolulu. AL
had invoked the Fifth Amend
ment in previous investigation.
by the subcommittee into va.
rious aspects of communism, bu
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06

their testimony is being sought
in a new investigation.
Lsat April Federal Judge David
A. Pine upheld the immunity
grant and ordered the four to
appear before the subcommittee
and testify. The Judge also held
that the four could not inter-
vene to oppose approval Of the
immunity grant as requested by
the Government.
In setting aside Judge Pines
orders, Chief Judge Henry w,
Edgerton of the appellate court
wrote:
Until a witness has beer
called, has refused to testify an6
has claimed his privilege, II
would be contrary to the mani
fest intention of Congress to sci
in motion the legislative, execu.
tive and judicial machinery thu
Immunity statute creates. Tit
orders are invalid because
premature.
Interests Recognized
! 1.-THE court erred also in moi
allowing appellants (the foul
potential witnesses to intervene
as defendants. Orders against
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06

saries. whose cosmos has no
god but history. and therefore
no transcendent imperativeS Of
good or evil. The President
not only thinks another war
would be humanity disastrous:
he believes it would be reli-
giously and morally wrong, and
disastrous because it would be
religiously and morally wrong.
The Presidents feeling and
conviction apparently alarm
the Chairman of the Joint
Chiefs Of Staff, Admiral Rad
ford; the head of the Atomic
Energy Commission, Lewis
Strauss, and the Secretary of
State, John Foster Dulles.
They are aware that a man
who believes in peace as
strongly as the President
tends to favor it at any price
and to trust his adversaries to
the point Of foolhardiness.
So they have been marshall
ing their forces to offset his
pacific eagerness.
Harold Stassen has been ne
gotiating over disarmament.
offering a whole package"
Valerian Zorin. for the Rus
slams, has been pounding on
one theme alone: start with
the first step of Suspending all
further atomic weapon tests.
The Presidents first reac-
ton to this was not negative.
In his press conference June
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06
Allen Morgan.

IL compartments in its hull. The
bulkheads In these compart-
ments are made of corrugated
steel SO as to yield to compress
sion and expansion without rup-
turing. Even though one COM
partment should be ruptured and
the gasoline escape. the craft re-
tains enough overall boyancy to
return to the surface.
An additional safety factor is
the provision for jettisoning bal
last. If, for any reason, the bal
list outlet becomes plugged the
entire bin of ballast, suspended
by chains from the cabin, can be
unloaded at once. In event OF
power failure the bin is jettisoneo
automatically.
Tomorrow: Studies Of the Sun
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06
The President and His Advisers

10 he said: Il would be i.
delighted to make some salts
factory arrangement for tenn
porary suspension of tests"
Not so his advisers. Last
week Atomic Energy Chair
man Strauss took three lead
ing nuclear scientists to the
White House to tell the PreSi-
dent that a bomb was in pro-
duction that would cut fall
out from 80 to 100 per
cent.
Next day Secretary Dulles
told his press conference the
United States would not sep
arate tests from limitation Of
production and intimated that
Harold Stassen did not make
policy.
A day later the President
conceded that testing Of
"clean" bombs would not en-
danger civilization and might
help develop atomic energy for
peaceful purposes.
Next day Defense Secretary
Wilson, commonSensical as
usual. said suspension of tests
would be a nuisance" in de-
veloping guided missiles but
would not stop the arms race.
So we are back on the whole
package and the President has
been contained"
But what haunts his sleep
will hardly evaporate. 1t is
not weapons tests. 1t is war
for which all weapons are
made, and whose eventual test
lies in the will to fight and to
use them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Inside story of the big Russian Some Of the comrades
caught in the raorouS act of trying to sneak by Stains
tomb without kicking the body.
~
Ike rides horseback To keep abreast Of current events under
this administration hardly knows which to read first
the financial news-or the sports pages.
Republicans send out 10000 fact" sheets workers
Fact No. This years budget glorious achievement
should never be mentioned above whisper.
Democrats claim that it's false" prosperity Members of
both parties sharing but Democrat enjoying
Washngtons explanation of the purge couple Of
the comrades lost their fight requirements
for Khrushchev on American TV.
"cean" H-bomb resembles clean" traffic accident
the Los Angeles feeway Nobody gets hurt who isn't within 10
miles of it.
The Kremin claims things easing up Russia. Now
comrade can walk right Khrushchev-and call him r.
Communism" to his face
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06
RELIGIOUS Liberty

When American newspapers
prominently depleted the
President and First Lady
standing shoeless and reverent
inside the Washington Mosque
on June %, they showed COM
mendable awareness Of the
events significance - except
for one omission. President
Eisenhower, in his remarks at
the Islamic Center's opening
ceremonies, emphasized that
under the American Consti-
tuition, under the American
tradition, and in American
hearts, this center, this place
of worship, is just as welcome
as could be a similar edifice Of
any other religion" and that,
indeed, America would fight
with her whole strength for
your right to have here your
own church and worship &C
cording to your own con-
science" But do the govern
ments Of the leading Islamic
nations practice the Golden
Rule in this regard, or treat
American citizens with reci-
procity as the latter seek to
practice their faith?
The United States 5-year
lease of Dhahran air base in
Saudi Arabia was recently re-
newed after protracted nego-
tiations. Under the arrange
ment, American Jewish serv-
icemen continue to be rigidly
excluded while Christian per-
sonnet must be very circum-
spect in the practice Of their
faith. King Saud is not likely
in the foreseeable future to at
tend the public opening of a
Jewish or Protestant or Cath
Ollie Center in Mecca. The
"value Of the Dhahran base, "
according to former Air Force
Secretary Thomas K. Finletter.
is relatively small and it can
be replaced, but the value
of the principle involved is high
and cannot be replaced" One
year ago the United States
Senate adopted a general reso-
luton IS. Res. 1921 inspired
particularly by the Saudi
Arabian situation. proclaim
ing anew the principle that
there shall be no distinction
among United States citizens
based on their individual re-
ligiouS affiliations" whether at
home or abroad. Since the
situation continues unchanged,
Representative Sidney r.
Yates of Illinois has intro
duced in the current Congress
new resolution, which among
other things, specifically pro-
hibits any United States
agency from excluding "any
otherwise qualified American
citizen" from military, diplo-
matte or other assignments or
a religious basis and calls fol
termination within one veal
of any existing agreement al
lowing for such exclusion.
With the President, the
members of Protestants anC
Other Americans United fol
Separation of Church anC
State rejoice in our country.
firm adherence to the tradi'
ton of hospitality to and equa
treatment of all religions, in.
GLIDING the Islamic faith prac'
ticed by only a small minority
in America. But we also sa!
to the rulers of other nations
Go thou and do likewise
particularly when our own cit
liens are the victims o
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06
Court Upsets Probers'
Immunity Move for 4
By HOWARD L. DUTKIN

The U. S. Court of Appeals for the District of Column
ba yesterday quaShed premature by the Senate
Internal Security Subcommittee to force four potential witnesses
testify through granting them immunity from prosecution
for anything they reveal.
The full nneman appellate bench stated unanimously that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06
Seventh Of q Series

is being held in readiness at a
s---~~-~~-~-------
Seventh Of q Series
shipyard in Italy. Navy SCENT
lists plan to take part in the I'M
dersea explorations, together
with experts from other nations.
Preliminary plans were an
nounced a few weeks ago.
Gasoline Gives BuOyancy
I'm principle" says Navy re-
port. 1.-The bathyscape is closely
analogous to a lighter-than-air
ship such as a balloon, or more
accurately to a blimp which is
maneuverable horizontally. 1t
consists Of a heavier-than-water
manner sphere capable Of re-
sisting the great hydrostatic
pressures of the deep and with a
hull fitted with gasoline COM
partments to provide buoyancy.
by allowing sea water to en-
ter the gasoline compartments,
the operator can keep the inter-
nal pressure of the hull the same
as that of the sea around II
without losing buoyancy which
will be needed to rise to the
surface when a mission is COM
pleted. Buoyancy can be so per-
fectly controlled that the craft
can be made to rest on a guide
chain on the bottom without
touching the bottom itself"
Successful preliminary dives
already have been made. the
greatest to depth OF about
10000 feet.
Second Picard Attempt
The bathyscape constitutes
the second attempt Of Prof. Pic
card. first explorer Of the atmos-
phere's stratosphere, to con-
struct a deep sea ballroom. AT
earlier effort was unseaworthS
on the surface although 1t APP
peared to function well in the
depths.
Actually. according to the Of
fee of Naval Research. depth
records will not be primar,
objective. and it is highly un'
likely that the craft will be tested
to its full capabilities.
u viii open UP to visual OBJ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06
PROBING THE UNIVERSE
Steel 'BoIIoon' to Seek
Sea Bottom Mysteries
BY THOMAS r. HENRY
Science Editor Of The Star

ten-ton steel balloon" with skin -four to six inches thick
will explore depths during the forthcoming International
Geophysical Year.
using essentially the
cples realms of the
blimp for low pressures far the EARTH
capable reaching depths 20 times greater than
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06
For the Record

In the Sunday Star Of June
80, Harry Macarthur wrote an
article entitled "'Pay TV' De-
bate Grows Hotter as FEC
Sponsored Test Nears," in
which he referred to the bill
that had introduced as
aimed at banning pay tele-
vision systems. Actually my
bill would not ban pay tele-
vision systems for theater use
and for transmission by other
than by telecasting. The pur-
pose of my bill is to prevent
the charging of fees for pro-
grams telecast into homes Of
the viewers.
Mr.. Macarthur referred to
my statement that pay tele-
vision would be the same as
having Congress impose a new
tax on the people of this
country" He went on to say
that Ordinarily a tax is
something the payer has no
choice about paying" in quot
ing from the Christian Science
Monitor.
/ understood his implication
to be that television viewers
would still have a choice of
programs in the event pay TV
should be approved. However,
the point ! was making in my
statement when / introduced
the bill was that pay TV, in
my opinion, would not leave
the viewer to make a choice
except the choice of paying
for a preferred program or
having to view an undesirable
program.
In effect. you might say pay
TV would work like a sales tax
on the necessities of life. You
either buy them and pay the
tax or do without.
StrOm ThurmOnd,
Senator From South Carolina.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06
inteqrution View

AS student, I have OBJ
served carefully how integra-
ton has affected the scholastic
standing Of the public schools
and the social conflict between
the two races. Even though
there are Negro students who
excel in their studies and
whose conduct is above re-
proach, there are others who
uproot the high standards of
the school that have been set
over a period of years.
The social conflict, indeed,
is a major problem to be con-
sidered since neither the white
nor the Negro pupil feels as
much at ease as he would in
his own environment. 1t is the
feeling of inferiority that
darkenS the spirit of the Negro
child to such an extent that he
often is unable to concentrate
on matters of more concern.
My concept is that both the
white and the Negro student
would benefit by being segre-
gated in their respective
schools, but nevertheless hav-
ing equal advantages; that is,
competent teachers, modern
school buildings. and modern
school facilities. The Negro
child should not be taught to
initiate the white child but to
cultivate his own conceptions,
for in so doing he will learn to
make decisions for himself,
thereby developing qualities
which will enable him to uplift
his own race. In other words,
they would have a better
chance to become great within
their own race without integra-
ton.
Allen Morgan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06
Boosts Burke

We know air traffic is get
ting to be a major problem at
National Airport. Why not
build the second airport at
Burke as originally proposed?
The land that has been ac-
quired is a good site and we
could use the extra revenue it
would create and the jobs
would benefit the community
as a whole.
It is about time that we who
live in Northern Virginia re-
ceived some of the benefits in
tax that are going elsewhere.
Our politicians have turned
their backs on the people that
elected them to Office by pro-
posing the airport elsewhere.
This opportunity would be a
boon to our community. I'm
in favor Of the airport at
Burke.
Alec KOIerych.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06

reached IN a conventional SUD-
marine.
These are among the details
furnished by the Office Of Naval
Research on the bathyscape Of
Prof. Auguste Picard which now
is being held in readiness at a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06
LETTERS TO THE STAR

church-state union in coun-
tries which are blighted by
that system.
Stanley Lichtenstein,
Press Relations,
Protestants and Othel
Americans United for Sepa.
ration of Church and State
Anniversaries
It was strange indeed on
June % to read of the Presi-
dent of the United States Of
America urging citizens to OBJ
serve United Nations Day on
October "a, four months away,
yet not mentioning Independ-
ence Day on July 4. six days
away
Obviously, of course, it
would be contradictory to sup
port both the anniversary OF
our freedom, our independence
as q sovereign nation, and our
subsection to world govern
ment. Naturally, one must be
sacrificed or ignored. but the
administrations choice is
shocking and horrifying to
patriotic Americans.
Albert H. Bruffey.
Editors note: The Presi-
dent took cognizance Of the
Fourth in a patriotic mes
sage read at holiday services
of TYdnnendanca HallN
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-06
Postal Proposal

Alec KOlerych.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-11

y. ARL.-Liv. rm., sep. din. rm
equipped kit, 3 hedrms.. paneled
den, > baths, I'm. rec. rm., fenced
yd. Ideal for investor or lge fam
ily $l5,500; $3.50 dn. Assume
present financing No agents. JE
A-n5s3
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-11
INVESTMENT PROP. FOR SALE

BOOMING HOUSE, eth and H SITS.
n.w.-l2-rm.. 3-story row-brk New
gas-hot water furnace in bsmt.
Vacant. parking space of alley.
ME. S-15Sl; OIL. 4-4593. JOHN
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-11

SUITLAND - 6-rm. brick. fenced
yard. gh.a. storm drs. and win
dows, refgr stove: 1898 down incl
settlement fees. easy monthly pymts
Call OWNER, 10. S-B547
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-11
.CHARMING NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.

IN liv. rm.. sep. din. rm.. side
porch, . twin-bed rms. knotty-
pine bsmt.. extra-large lot on quiet
dead-end street vet only . blocks
from Riverdale I'd shopping center:
81 900 down with monthly pay
nentS TO suit YOUR pocketbook Call
~ pm, Wa 1890 ROBERT
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-11
BARGAINS,

] acre. 2 rms. Vienna, Va. $3.50
> ms. mod util. rm So 50
IA A; > bedrms, mod: Va SlI.95o
JAMES Z. BARNEY
Vienna. Va DU. 5-S260
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-11
HOUSES for SALE. Nd. Cont. !

kENWOOD-An architectural sem
highest type of construction. last
word in modern innovation;5 bed
rooms, 4 full baths, huge living and
dining rooms: porch, lear garage.
KORzENDORFER. Realtor, OIL. f.
Sill til 8.
MASS. AVE. EXT. (Gien Mar PIX. y
S22.500: brick rambler; bedrms..
FULL BSMT. with den, fin. rec.
ferred SAMUEL E. BOGLEY OF
MD INC OIL. g. nn III d
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-11
KENWOOD AREA
RAMBLER

A beautiful home. custom built q
year ago. Center hall, separate din
inF rm; up-to-the- minute. kitchen
with breakfast bar; 3 bedrms, :.
baths. l6x22 living rm. with picture
vindow BSmt. Is above eround and
has nice bedrm cor studvD and
bath PLUS family rm 1882 with
fireplace. Also huge screened porch
and garage Lot IS n wide and very
deep ". B. WRIGHT. EN-. 3-56O0
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-11
SUIT AND
Sis DOWN! q!

Will make YOU the proud owner OF
this 2-bedrm detached frame ram
bier with payments Of $50 per
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-11
MONEY TO LOAN

MORTGAGE LOANS, SIS. 0O0-S50.-
0O0--Group your debts lower YOUR
payments, refinance your property
and improvements. Quick, honest.
courteous service on real estate,
farms. etc. ONLY in the state Of
Baltimore, Md day or night, suns,
and holidays a. Saratoea 7.4OA1.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-11
VACANT

Newly redecorated three bedroom
brick rambler: close to schools and
bus Lovely living room with fire.
place, modern all-electric kitchen
has dishwasher and disposal. of
separate dining ell; washer and
dryer ,Gol "a Fep wgsi d lot. Priced al
James c. Conley & Co.
1928 Ga. Ave. JU. 9-4l34 I'll $3.50
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-11
PRINCE GEORGES COUNTY

NORTH WOODBRIDGE. MD. mr., D c
brick. q rms. bath. gar: h-wh.
$4,000. WALTER NJ BAUMAN
Agent. Ma. S-6229. eve, WO
k-1-1T
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-11
FARMS

DESK SPACE in air-condiiioned Of
fee RIM 21O. 1897 K st, NV.