davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Arizona post., 1957-10-04
Soviet Jews
Get Message
FromAmericu

NEW YORK (JTA)-Soviet
Jews were told in a RoSh Ha-
shanah message beamed to
the Soviet Union from power
full transmitters in West Ger
many on behalf of American
Jewry, that they have not
been forgotten by their fellow
Jews throughout the world.
The broadcast was by Ortiz
odox Rabbi Gershon Jacobson,
once a Soviet Army officer,
who fled to the West six years
ago and is now serving as a
rabbi of a Brooklyn syna-
gogue.
THE NEW YEARS greet
ing was broadcast by Radio
Liberation on the eve of Rosh
Hashanah and repeated sew
eral times during the ten High
Holy Days of penitence which
follow. Rabbi Jacobson ex-
planned the particular signi-
ficance of the rites of liberia
ton in both Russian and He
brew. Excerpts from Hebrew
liturgical music including the
Kol Nidre was included in the
ten-minute program.
Rabbi Jacobson, who has
broadcast to the USSR before
over Radio Liberation, re-
ported this week that he final
| ly received the first "fan let
ter" 1t came from a Polish
Jew who had heard his Radio
Liberation program a year
ago while living in a small
Ukrainian village. The Jew
was repatriated to P ola n d
earlier this year, from where
he emigrated to Vienna.
The Arizona post., 1957-10-04

Ludwig DEWITT, director OF
the nursery, a Jewish convert
to Christianity, whether the
complaints were true. The
Times said DEWITT had replied
that both Judaism and Chris
tianity were taught at the
school but that "all parents
who enroll children here are
advised of the activities of the
school before enrolment"
THE ISSUE became public
when Rabbi Nathan Drain,
leading Orthodox rabbi, sent
TO the Times a letter from an
anonymous but trustworthy
source, which asserted that
the center was sponsored by
the Presbyterian Church.
The writer declared that
The Arizona post., 1957-10-04
Monte Vista Inn
Is Redecorufed

The popular Monte Vista
Inn, operated by George and
Wally Jacob, has been com
pletely redecorated.
A square bar accommodating
so people has been built. The
total capacity in the nitery is
200. Color television has been
added and the Mike Lacy COM
bo provides musical entertain
ment.
A banquet room has been
almost doubled in capacity.
The room, ideal for meetings,
parties and special affairs,
seats $50.
The Arizona post., 1957-10-04
Obituaries


Samuel Jaffe, II, of 1929 E.
Seventh, died Monday in a To-
cal hospital. Mr.. Jaffe former
ly lived in Lynn, Mass.
Survivors include his wife,
Frieda; four sons, Abe, Harry,
Nathan and Edward, all of
Lynn; two daughters, Mrs.
Mark Goldberg, Maiden, Mass,
and Mrs. Ruth Weiner, Swan
scot, Mass. Arizona Mortuary
handled funeral arrange
ments. The body was shipped
to Massachusetts for burial.
Eta Kahn, 85, former Tue
sonan, died in New York Sept.
13. The funeral was held in
Gary, Ind.
Survivors include a son, AL
vim of Columbus, Ohio; four
daughters, Mrs. Kay Blum
berg of Chicago, Mrs. Esther
Spitzer of Tucson, Mrs. Ray
Letter of New York and Mrs.
Hid a Lieberman of New
York.
The Arizona post., 1957-10-04

most of the nurSery'S pupils
were Jewish, since the nurs-
cry was located in a predomin-
antly Jewish neighborhood.
The Jewish Times reported
that tuition at the nursery
was $3.50 per week, compared
to the average tuition fee OF
a non-sectarian nursery of $50
a month.
The Arizona post., 1957-10-04
Jewish Children LUred
To Cross In Nursery

BALTIMORE (JTA)-The Jewish Times OF Baltimore
reported this had substantaed charges that the
Center Nursery School being used for mission
~ d conversion activities aimed at Jewish children
The weekly said it confirmed the charges by asking
The Arizona post., 1957-10-04
Ben Furbers Celebrate
Their Golden Anniversary

Mr. and Mrs Ben Farber 2O21 E. Eighth have recently
returned from Santa Monica, Caf where they celebrated
their golden wedding anniversary.
Their children from different parts of the country
celebrate the party held Aug 10 at the Bev
The Arizona post., 1957-10-04
Births
Observation-Disclosures

To Mr.. and Mrs. Howard
Broad (Deede Sonenblick) a
son, Barry David, 6 lbs. 81s
o., on Aug. % in Los Angeles.
Grandparents are Mr.. and
Mrs. Louis Jean Broad of Los
Angeles and Mrs. Faye Sonen-
blick of Tucson.
To Mr.. and Mrs. Samuel
Telson a son, Stanley Alan, 5
lbs. 81a OF. on Sept. 6.
Grandparents are Mr.. and
Mrs. Charles Broder of Tue
son and Mr.. and Mrs. Morris
Telson of Brooklyn. Great
grandparents are Mr.. and
Mrs. Louis LevinSon of Brook
lyn and Mr.. Abe Broder OF
Brooklyn.
To Mr.. and Mrs. Bernard
Sedley a daughter, Lisa Ann,
4 lbs, on Sept. II. Mrs. Jean
CAM of Tucson is the grand,
mother.
To Mr.. and Mrs. Leslie Ba-
ker of Rancho Diablo a son,
Jonathan Mark, 6 lbs. 11A or.
on Sept. 16. Grandparents are
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry j. Baker
of Boston and Mr.. and Mrs
Peter Nicopoulis of Chicago
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-24

you pillows
rodo departure foam pillows Incredibly cudde
bnsf comfort mold
woy No block bounce every lift your head enjoy
uber the
they reton their shopee size buy the size always have 1000
Sonized onseptoN
mdew Covered beautiful printed peco with conceded corded edge
pockooed in its poly bog \
washing Spring md PARKiuoOu
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-28
UNITED STATES TREASURY POSITION
The cash position Of the Trcasu

By the Associated Press
--.a..---- - -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-28
FNMA Gets
Big Boost in
Lending Power

A $3.50 million "shot in the
arm" was given the housing
market yesterday. when the Fed
eral National Mortgage Associ-
alton was empowered to increase
its preferred stock. officials an
nounced
President Eisenhower signed
into law yesterday legislation au-
thorizine the association TO in
crease its preferred stock by $50
million. The new law is an
amendment 10 the National
Housing Act. Ii also authorized
a $50 million increase in the as
ISOLATION S authority to buy and
issue commitments to purchase
Federal Housing Administration
insured cooperative housing
mortgages.
Officials explained that the
new legislation authorizes the
association to sell an additional
$500 million in debentures to
raise funds as they are needed
to purchase qualified MORTGAGES.
Then the law also permits $50
million proceeds from preferred
stock. Officials said this will
provide the association with an
additional $3.50 million with
which TO continue its purchases
OF Government backed residen-
tial mortgages in the secondary
market.
The association buys accept
able Federal Housing Admins
tration- insured and Veterans
Administration-guaranteed mort
cages from qualified lenders only,
officials explained.
President j. Stanley Baugh-
man of the association explained
his organization can borrow
funds IN these operations by
selling debentures to private in
veStors in an amount equal to
10 times its capital and surplus. "
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-28
Grand Canyon
To Yield Tons
Of Bat Guuno

GRAND CANYON. Ariz., Mar.
20 tP'.-The United States Steel
Corp. said yesterday it is linking
the north and south rims of the
Grand Canyon with the longest
single-span freight tramway in
the world.
When completed in May. the
company said, the tramway will
extend 1877 feet, about ~
miles.
The purpose of the project is
to recover a treasure left by pre-
historic bats.
United States Steel's Console
dated Western Steel Division is
building the cable tlamway for
New Pacific Coal and Oils. Ltd
OF Toronto. New Pacific will use
the cable to transport bat guano
from 100000 year old Bat
Cave. d cavern about 600 feet
above the Colorado River on the
north canyon wall.
Charles Parker Of Grand juno
ton. Colo. president Of United
States Guano Corp, a New Pa
clic subsidiary which Will mine
and market the nitrogenous
product, has estimated that more
than 100000 tons of bat guano
are deposited in the explored
portion Of the cave. This de-
post is worth at least $40 mil
lion. he said, as fertilizer and
as source for ingredients of
some medicines.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-28
Stocks Higher,
Small;
Trading Quiet

NEW YORK, Mar. % tP).-
The stock market carved out an
other small advance in quiet
trading early this afternoon.
Key stocks were up fractions
ito around point. Selected
issues made better gains. There
was a scattering of small losers
Leading steels were up. Chemi-
Gals. nonferrous metals and
most leading rail shares also did
well.
Utilities. oils and aircrafts
were mixed. Airlines and mo-
ton picture issues were slightly
easier.
There was some heavy turn
over in General Motors which
backed away fraction. Chrys-
Ter lost most of a 1-point gain,
The news from Detroit was
that auto output last week was
the lowest for a full week so far
this year although it was ahead
of the like week a year ago
ICutbacks in operations by GIN
and Ford and the strike at
|Chrysler's haywood, Calf. as
|sembly plant were responsible.
GIN was traded at 80. off /,
on successive blocks of $500
5000 and 1000 shares. Ford
held a fractional gain. Stude-
baker-Packard was about un-
changed.
LukenS Steel scared to an
other new high with a gain OF
more than ,. Alleghcny-Lud-
lum and Youngstown were each
up better than a point. Maio,
fractions were added by United
States Steel and Republic Steel
Corporate bonds were higher
Government bonds eased.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-28
CHICAGO GRAIN

CHICAGO Mar - ~ Grain futures
started higher on the BOARD Of Trade
TODAY but the upturn lacked steam and
prices dipped somewhat on proft taking
Losses were fractional IA most cases
with sOyheans showing little more
strength than wheat or corn The eX-
tremcly lisht supply situation is cauSing
buying in beans
There was some export news TO bolster
buying N both wheat and suybpans,
hed1e selling hy elevator interests de-
Near he end Of the mrs, hour wheat
was ~ TO ~ lower. May - ~, corn
IA TO - lower May 81 e" oats unchanged
to - lower Ma -, rye Unclaimed TO
"a higher Mas : ''s's goyhcans lower
10 higher, May - ga, and lard =
cents 4 hundred pounds lower to .
cents HIGHER Mas Sli -
Ecuador vas authorized 20 purchase
- u'iu ono worth OF United states wheat
and pakistan was authorized to bHy an
additional II. l]na0U worth. OF vhai
or flour. n addition 70 rs other recent
pufchat - GfccCe IS expected to buN
500ne tons Of what, Apli . and
YuROslavia 'enuttcd interested in
additi lnal United states wheat
No additional moisture was indicated
IN the winter wheat belt hut traders
believe new reports viii show the crop
greatly benefited by recent moisture
Spain was GlloCatcd ~i1. million ia
buy United states sofbcan oil
Trade nuthorliies are showing Interest
soybcans with stocks light here and
Dr. GERS showing little indication ia
Authorities said only about 500
while an additional GB nO hushelt was
shipped fruu Chicapu Thus the supply
noinr out continues to be htghcr than
M do1erna zen sold only l5o ooo
M heels OF corn II rNpurtrt5 Yesterday
an amount much lichtry than usua
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-28
D. c. PRODUCE

Quotations supplied by the United
Sta'eS Agriculture Department and cover
sales to $50 an on less than carload
Apple,-N J Rome bu hkt ~ NJ
Y 8 No 325-3j4 far quality :, 50-
wrpd ey'ra fancy 81 Is s.50. Ninesop
boxes Erpd fancy se-l3SS ) 16-6 90.
extra fancy ss-ll3s 6o0-G 80. some
Bananas -4o-lb c,ns cur 3 5o-3 IS.
SONS poorer quality and condition lower
GtaptiIu.t-rla rs bu W b crate
ser count Daneans 36-j',s . 50-3 IS
lev Inch 2 etn., 4H-72 size 80 higher
sc'd.ess III * 3 ju-3 -
Lemgrs--CaH ctEs per count lsns
/, 9u-3 =. iair auali's ; &5-3 81. les
Oranges Caln c,n, per count nayels
to- !oos 321-l 90, Fla H.. bg W 3
efate rp.r count yaiencias 5-:52s
Vegetables
snap beans -F.a BIZ hur valentines
and Contendefs i.oo-45o fair quality
c4obae Domestic round type RIA
quality and condition 3 3ni %. open bu
type New YORK 5o-lb SACKS Ordinary
qualify and condition - az. 80
Celery--Cali l6' crate 2-2izs TOO,
Fla III crate 2-ic. i9up-f ." some j.
Corn-Fla wB crate 5.doz U, 6
Fancy yellow un-i 80
Gseens--N c and 5 c bu bkt Col
la!ds kale .RaPe i.25' Mustard q
Lettuce Iceoerg typc sud ctns "-do7
Ariz Phoenix Dist 4 n0-i 30 Yuma
Dist fair quality & condition : IN C8Ni
,Blythe. DIST fair condition ;l.ua SCORER
49, so BIG Boston type Fla ga tern
cTts As 800. Romano Fla ii 3 bu CIT
:! No. 80.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-28


Ynpsts1u llaP Is 1929 1918 lo2,o+lss
YnestSll DR. liz 2 ara az 27lA+ "a
zenith Rad "a Slo2M lo2LA Topaz ~
Hourly sales on the Exchange
II 800 am 400 600 ~ noon $50 900
100 D IN ! oo0 900 600 I'm 600 900
tUnlt Of trading 10 shares OF sales IN
tull Rates OF dividends In the tOreg0;ng
table are annual disbursements based on
the lasi quarterly OF semi annual deClA.
ration Unless otherwise nOled specla
or extra divldends are not included
Also extra or extras Annual rate
pbs stock dividend Declared OF uaid
~ 1907 llus stock dividend paiu last
year PAYABLE m stOck duriuP 1871
estimated rsah value on ex.dividend or
redistribution cate Declared OF paid
80 TAI M wear u Declared uf paid
TINS wear n accumtiatiye ISSUE wit
1Nldcnd' ~ arrears . PAD tins year
dividend omitted deferred o. no action
taken at laht DIVIDEND meeting De.
Clatcc Of palu IN 1896 Qua stoeR uiSl.
dend rayabic " stoek during 1900
estimated cash value Oh cxsuit idend or
rK.uIhttiDut on date Liquidatin diyi.
demo cd Called ~ dividend S-nls
Ia dlsttlnutiOn ~ * riehib ~ With.
out warrants Wv With warrants wd
Mnen distributed VI Whcn lssued I'd
xt dAy delivery 'ln bankruptcy OF
fercitcfsnip or being teutganizta under
tho BANKRUPTCY Act or securities a.
sumed by such companiek.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-28
FOREIGN EXCHANGE

NEW YORK. Mar. 2s Up. - Foreign
exchange rates follow, Great Britain in
dollars. others in cents tunchanged I'M
less otherwise noted;
Canadian dollar in New York open
market 2ll32 per cent premium or
i04.65ss United States cents.
. Europe GREAT Britain tpoundi
- : y. of 10. 30-dav futures
. - 81, of Il, 60-day futures
, p. of "a; 9O-day futures > Is 81,
of i Belgium franc 977s France
franc .2S9s of cent, Germany West
erni ODt utsche mark $50 Holland
'guilder, 2613l2, of 81: Italy (lira1
i6l4 Of a cent Portugal tescuda1 $50:
dr9nc) tfreel 1884, Denmark Krone
Latin America Argentina Greel . 80:
BraAI ,treei 60. Mexico sol; Vene-
rar EaSt--Hong Kong dollar 80
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-28
BUSINESS
BRIEFS

Bank ClearingS in 26 leading
cities in the week ended March
p totaled s22.S27 .O04 900 com
pared with s26,l23. 100000 in the
previous week and S22.Il737l-
200 IN the like week year ago.
Dun d Bradstreet.
National Advertising in news
papers in January increased 10
per cent from December, best
showing any medium. Printers
Ink.
Crude Petroleum Production
III the week ended March .
averaged 7.S16.4O0 barrels daily
up $4,000 for the week and com
pared with 1926 in the like
week a year ago. - American
Petroleum Institute.
Trans World Airlines in wear
ended December 81 had a loss
of s2,327,O0O VS.. earnings Of
S5,407,l92 or s1.62 a share in
1855.
Hooker ElectrOchemicaI in 2
months ended February %
earned S2,l92,l00 or SO cents a
share VS.. S2,76S,l00 or ~ cents in
1856 period.
SeabOard Airlines X. n. in tvo
months ended February "a
earned $3,412.583 or 70 cents a
share vs.. S3,769,890 or 10 cents
IN 1856 period.
Murray Corp. in 6 months
ended February % earned ST.
ISL $50 or Sl.05 a share VS..
$l,836,925 or sl.67 in 1856 period
y. Y. n. ii. d. Hart. R.R. in
two months ended February %
had a loss of S6l6.60O Us. a loss
of S2,75834S in 1856 period.
Other earnings included:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-28
NEW YORK PRODUCE

NEW YORK Mar - sP tUSDAh ---
Butter steady Receipts iSo0ou Prices
UNCHANGED
Cheese steady. Receipts @5I 600
Price unchanged
Wholesale esq prices steady Receipts
~ TOO New YORK spot quotations fol-
low Midwestcru Mixed coiors Extras
is-10 lhH il.3" extras large lti-
- lbSl Bu-|2 extras medium @a.3u;
standards latgc eSls-.ais. chcu Ks ~
"Sls white Extras ttS-5u lbs 80 ~
b2i2 extras medium 3u-3l Browns.
Extras DiS-hn MS 3i-JI
Neatlf whites Ton quality tis.iO
lbSi ~ -JG medium }.-3" SmallS
- g-"Sll Browns Ton quality HS-Ju
lbsl iii'A.3ils mediums 3g-bitg smalls
Hu.3a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-28

NEW YORK COTTON

NEW YORK Mar. - fP - spot
house buying Armed cotton futures IN
forenoon dealing today Demand cen.
lered IN distant months The trade
nuslnk also attracted commission house
ana replacement demand Nearby de-.
llycries lagged on the advance due 10
Noon prices were cents a balc lower
70 - rsnis higher Than the previous
lose May 81 =, july 3i,2 and DC
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-28
METAL QUOTATIONS.

NEW YORK Mar - az Spot non.
ferrous metal prices today Copper 3u't .
3" cents pouno Connecticut Valley.
Lead ~ cents Il pound New York
Tin y on u pound New York For
cigu silver nlaa cents per trnv ounce.
New York Al PittSburgh. scrap steel
No ! heavy was quoted at ~ Ou-iO 90
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-28
DEALINGS

NEW YORK Mar - a. The New
YORK stock EXCHANGE reported today
these odd-ini transactions bv prlncipal
dealers on the rXchangc for March -;
Purchases Of iSu,O3i shares Sales OF
ltl0ul shafcs incmdins i9i2 shares
old short
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-28
DIVIDENDS

NEW YORK Mar IS ~ Dlyld,nds
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-28

Quotations supplied by the United
ta.eS Agriculture Department and cover
aiea to 80 an on less than carload
The people's voice., 1957-09-06
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
By GRETCHEN G. BILLINGS

Last week the Roman Pioneer, a
Western Montana weekly newspaper,
carried a letter to the editor written
by Stanley Doyle of Poison that said
the Paradise Dam Committee was
calculated scheme because "John
R. CARRIER is the father-in-law of
Harry L. Billings.
You see. Daddy is vice president
on the Paradise Dam Committee.
And the Coop has done some
printing for the PDC.
Dear me. hope this horrible scan
dal isn't going to ruin everything for
Paradise Dam.
The article concluded with nebu-
lous little ditty something like,
"Ann, Ann! Come! Quick as you
can!
There's fish that TALKS, in the
frying pam"
1t is too bad l didn't realize the i'm
portance of this thing to Mr.. Doyle
and his fishy friends.
Because we have never made any
secret that John CARRIER was Harry
Billings Father-in-law" and Incl
dentally, MY DAD.
The thing is, guess, when fish con-
verse mere mortals don't understand,
and it is hard to see what all these
family relationships have to do with
Paradise Dam.
However, following the Doyle rea-
soning I think better get on record
as being in favor of Paradise Dam,
because Edna B. Gannaway, Editor
of the Camas Hot Springs Exchange
(Harry's Mother) is against Paradise
Dam and SHE is MY Mother-in-law.
Every time utility has come be-
fore Public Service Commission the
people have figured the utility has
had the inside track.
This attitude comes about because
the commission has not used the in
powers given them by
law.
The announcement this week that
the commission will hold "split hear
ings'' may give the people chance
to mobilize and hire whatever talent |
is necessary to go over the utility
The people's voice., 1957-09-06

"Six other large magazines re-
ceived between one and two mill
lion dollars each," Rep. Coad said.
Coad said he voted against the pro-
posed one-third boost in letter mail
postage (from &c to 4c) because it
''is entirely out of proportion to the
minor raises on the second, third and
fourth class MALL Incidentally, it is
these types of mail-particularly the
newspapers and magazines, and third
class "junk mail-which run up the
Post Office losses, while first class
mail "pays it's own way"
Although the big publishers are
generally against Subsidies" for
farmers, they were highly indignant
when congressman proposed $780,
OO0-a-year ceiling on their own multi
million dollar postal subsidies.
The people's voice., 1957-09-06
Limit On Postal Subsidy To
Biq Publishers Is Proposed

WASHINGTON, D. C.-(NFU)-
A new approach to the question of
huge postal subsidies for publishers
of the big nationally-circulated maga-
zines and newspapers was the recent
House proposal for ceiling of $780,
900 per year on such grants.
In explaining to his constituents
why he voted for this ceiling, Rep.
Coad (D-Iowa) cited the annual sub
sides to leading national magazines
through handling second-class mail at
less than cost by the Post Office De-
partment. Based on recent circulation
figures, the annual subsidy rate for
each is as follows:
Life-$9, 100000
Saturday Evening Post-$6, ,O69,-
600.
Readers Digest-$4, ,S09, 900.
Look-$3, ,482, 900.
The people's voice., 1957-09-06

testimony and prepare a better case
before the commission. And for the
Commission, with two members up
for election in 1858 it will have con-
siderable propaganda value.
However, the question still re-
mains, should the people have to
mobilize to protect themselves in a
rate increase case?
The utilities have had dozens of
experts working on the increase ev-
cry day of the year. The utilities
keep a number of different sets of
books-one for rate making, one for
tax purposes, and how many more is
anybody's guess.
The Public Service Commission
was created to investigate utility
bookkeeping of their bookkeep-
ing-in the interests of protecting
the people.
The first and most important fact
is that the people should not have
to mobilize and do their own in
vestigating.
However, lacking Investigations by
the Commission, if proper time is
allowed for those who protest to
examine utility testimony, and if
the Commission commands the utili-
ties to present for examination, by
protesting groups, the figures neces-
sary to arrive at intelligent conclu-
sions, some good may come out of
the split hearings.
This makes it more necessary, of
course, for protesting groups to pool
their resources and bring in a rate
expert.
Harry and l are writing check
for what one months increase would
be on our power bill to Harry's local
union asking that it be directed to
the state organization for the pur-
poses of securing rate expert. The
ball has to start rolling someplace,
and that seems a good place to begin.
If we gotta do this job ourselves
let's get started.
Power company figures can give
us something on which to base a
months increase in starting a cam
paign for rate expert. Below this
column you will find those figures.
For instance my average bill "a
good idea to check winter as we'll |
as summer bills) is a little less than
|, 200 XVIII. That would cost me
about 9 cents day. For one month
would pay a $2.70 increase. For
/ year this increase would be some
where around 80 dollars.
am going to send $2.7O to the
Helena Typographical Union. Win,
Csc, or draw l like fighting chance.