davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
Borroom Debate

Some of the attacks which Demo-
cratic Senators are making on the per-
sonal integrity of Secretary Dulles are a
disgrace to the Senate.
Senator Long of Louisiana asked Mr..
Dulles during committee hearing
whether President Roosevelt had the
right to station American troops in Ice
land during World War H. Mr. Dulles
said he didn't know. Senator Long said
he was sure Mr.. Dulles had given some
thought to the matter. Mr. Dulles said
he had never given thought to that one.
On this basis, Senator Long told the
Senate: THAT was a falSehood. and
everyone in the committee room knew it
was not true" The Louisiana Senator
offered nothing whatever to support
either statement.
Senator Morse OF Oregon then took
up the cudgels. He accused Mr.. Dulles,
in connection with other testimony, of
telling an outright lie" The Oregonian
went on to say that there is no more
deceptive person in public life than John
Foster Dulles" This is quite mouthful
from Senator whose own devotion to
strict accuracy is such that he has not
hesitated to attack the Mideast resolu-
ti0n because it does not require the Presi-
dent "to come before a special session
of Congress, and through Congress in
form the American people of the reasons
why he is ordering American boys to die
in the Middle East in protection of
Arabian OIL"
This type of barroom debate is. not
going to destroy Mr. Dulles For his per-
sonal character, whatever his political
mistakes, and his reputation for integrity
are secure against the bitter attacks of
political extremists. Our belief is that
the ultimate losers in this campaign of
vilif1cation will be the Democratic Sena-
tors who are responsible for it. They may
get away with their tactics for a while,
but in the end they will wind up where
they deserve to be-in the political outer
darkness with those of their Republican
counterparts who resorted to similar tao
tics few years ago in their shameful
attempt to destroy Mr.. Dulles predecessor,
Secretary Acheson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
Economic Jewelers.

A recent announcement
states that the AFL-CIO will
demand of Congress a 10 per
cent increase in social Secu-
rity retirement benefits plus
full disqualification for life for
those who receive the benefits.
Two weeks ago, it was reported
that certain members of Con-
gress will introduce legisla-
ton providing for a system of
Government-owned and OPP
Grated medical and hospital
insurance.
Programs such as these, dis
guised as humanitarianism,
are part and parcel of the
giant scheme of the socialistic
centralizers and economic lev
elers. A great many of our
citizens. led on by these dis
ciples of the welfare state, are
turning away from the prin-
cipleS Of seif-reliance and in
dividual initiative TO that Of
dependence upon government.
If this trend continues there
will be ever-increasing compul-
sorry projection of government
into the life of every citizen.
Unless man is free to act as
an individual. free to be pro-
ductive in his own behalf, and
free to determine what part of
his production he win consume
and how much he will save.
he will have neither freedom
nor security.
John T.. Wilson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
Moscow's Answer

The Kremlin has come forward with
It's own version Of a Middle East plan.
and 1t has been rather summarily dis
missed In this country as just another
propaganda maneuver. If one is to base
his Judgment on past performance, this
rejection is amply justified.
1t is desirable, however, to look to the
future. And in this connection, two
points suggest themselves. One is that
the Moscow proposals may have a con-
siderable appeal in the Arab world. The
other is that the Eisenhower program. at
which the Moscow contemporaries are
aimed, contains no built-in guarantee of
solving the major problems of the Middle
East. The Presidents plan, at this stage
at least, contemplates nothing more than
proffer of armed support, where wanted,
against overt Communist aggression, and
a rather limited amount of economic and
military assistance to receptive Middle
East countries. This, in our view, is a
desirable, perhaps even essential, first
step. But it is not a program which gets
to the heart of the Middle East problem,
and it is going to be exceedingly difficult
to deal successfully with that problem
If such countries as Egypt and Syria,
aided and abetted by Russia, are going
to throw up roadblockS at every con-
ceiyable opportunity.
Consequently, it seems to us that
the Russian proposals should not be dis
missed out of hand. OF course, the West,
as first step, is not going to break its
ties with Turkey, abandon it's Middle East
bases or scrap the Baghdad Pact. We do
not suppose that Moscow has any such
expectation. But if there may be a pos
sibility, short Of such extreme conces-
sions, of finding some middle ground for
negotiation, we think that this surely is
something which should be explored If.
the Krenlin is merely indulging in an
other propaganda exercise, such an effort
on our part, of course, will come to Moth
ing. But it should not take long to eStab-
lish the fact, and the time, in our judg-
ment, might not be wasted-especially If
Arab reaction is taken into account.
Foreign Minister Shepilov made some
interesting observations in his Moscow
address. WARS" he said, "can be pre-
vented and stopped. And with the given
lineup Of forces in the international
arena, the only realistic policy is the
policy of peaceful co-existence of states
with different social systems"
Perhaps this is another propaganda
item. But it is also a truth which we
have been trying for years to impress on
the Soviet leaders. If, at last, they have
come to believe it, and are prepared to
live by it, the chances Of avoiding war
have improved. In any event, it does not
seem to us that this is desirable time
to be slamming doors in anyone's face.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
Britoin's Defense Problem

The problem facing Prime Minister
Macmillan in his efforts to scale down
defense costs without endangering the
national security is not peculiar to
Britain. 1t is, in fact, problem common
to all countries living under the conven-
tional capitalist system. Essentially the
same problem faces our own Government
in its attempt to cut back $71.8-billion
budget in which more than go per cent
of the expenditures are marked for major
national security purposes.
There is, however at least degree
of difference as London and Washington
grapple with this problem. The British
economy, by comparison with our own,
has been marginal one through most Of
the years since World War II-bolstered
at various times by American aid, by
austerity at home and by intensive efforts
to produce for exports in order to finance
essential imports. The Middle East crisis,
resulting first in a run on sterling and
later in curtailment of industrial oil sup
plies, has hurt the British economy fur
ther. The support Of forces abroad, and
even the drain on manpower, have been
AhoJOA Jul OSAAos Ou1 OWll CNOiiOAlJy CNCAA
while surrounded currently by concern
over infiationary pressures and business
uncertainties, has greater resiliency
There remains, however, the question
of what Britain should and perhaps must,
do as its contribution to the Western mill
tary alliance. General Norstad, NATO
commander believes Britain is not carry
ing an unfair burden militarily and he
has expressed his concern about proposals
to cut British forces in West Germany
from 10000 to $4,000 men. The generals
objections appear to be based on two con-
Siderations. The first is that air power
and greater efficiency of other weapons
may not automatically make up for the
loss Of such large bloc of manpower.
The second is that Brtain's example may
be taken as an excuse by other NATO
countries to make similar reductions in
their defense efforts.
General Norstad is in London for con-
ferences with officials Of the Macmillan
government. There is understanding and
full sense of responsibility on both sides
Of the talks. Consequently there is rea-
son TO hope that safe and satisfactory
solution will be found.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
Hord-Heorted Texan

LOFTS FIeeSon mas again put
her evil eye on the oil industry.
AS a Texan without any oil
wells, object to Miss Flee
sons opinions not so much
because Of what she says is the
oil industry's failure to deliver
oil to Europe in required guam
titles but for the basis of her
reasoning, or rationaliZing.
from which she draws her con-
illusions.
She says the question in the
minds of Democratic Senators
is whether the oil industry or
the Eisenhower administration
is properly to be blamed for
the present situation. That
leaves no choice. Somebody's
got to be blamed and no doubt
they will be-by the Demo-
cratic Senators, with possibly
some exceptions.
Miss Fleeson also threw in
her usual double whammy
against tax allowances and
privileges" presumably the
depletion allowance) which she
says sets the oil industry apart
from other segments of indus
try.
The point Miss Fleeson and
some Democratic Senators miss
is that mostly because of these
privileges" does the oil in
dustry have the excess produc-
ing capacity to supply the
missing oil at all.
Thomas l.. (ScatterbarreD
Stokes also blasted away at
the same big bad oil COM
panies. Then after letting
them have 1t with both barrels
of his Illustration over their
special privilege In taxes" and
relative freedom from Govern
ment regulation, he cries that
I'VE wuz robbed" of the tide
lands. His tears touch the
heart Of any Texan.
J. N. Mexican.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
VISTAS IN SCIENCE,
NEGATIVE Report on Anti-Feor Druq
By THOMAS r. HENRI

Latest promise Of an "anti-
fear drug" apparently is quite
illusory.
This is indicated by expert
ments carried out at Walter
Reed Army Institute Of Re
search with the tranquilizer.
reserpine. Several previous
experimenters had reported
that when either rats or
monkeys were given heavy
doses of this drug, fears built
up over considerable periods by
the conditioned reflex method
familiar to psychologists. dis
appeared.
In this procedure the ami
mais are taught to associate
pain, usually caused by an
electric shock, with certain
sounds or other signals. In
the end the subjects respond
to the signal just as they would
to the actual pain. Some
psychologists would say that
nearly all fears are built up
in the same way, but by I'M
conscious conditioning.
But, reports psychologist
Larry Stein of the research
center, the finding there in
dictate that reserpine, even in
large dosages, has surprisingly
little effect on the learning of
q fear response in rats"
Thirsty rats are taught to
press a lever to obtain water.
Water comes only occasionally
about once a minute. The
rats are conditioned to press
the lever to get a drink. After
this behavior is well estab-
lished a clicking noise is intro
duced, followed by an electric
shock to the feet.
From results of the pre-
viously reported experiments
the rats should show intense
fear when they hear the noise.
They were said to have stopped
touching the lever, crouching,
and freezing" from fear. This
phenomenon is described as
being even more pronounced
in monkeys.
Too Heavily Drugged
But, says this report, "in
view of the fact that the
experimental animals were
drugged practically to the
point of inactivity at the end
of the conditioning phase.
our data lends little support
to the report that reserpine
impedes the learning of an
emotional response. This may
be a species phenomenon -
rats versus monkeys"
There also Is q possibility,
he points out, that differences
in the conduct Of the expert
ment itself were responsible
for the different results.
There have been many re-
ports of antifear drugs used
among primitive, war-like
peoples. All experiments to
date, however, have given
little support to claims of
explorers.
Man has emerged only re-
Gently from the tropics,
racially speaking.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES (. TRACEWELL

arm, then, under the first. the
short coat came of, revealing
a nice red sweater.
This was the first time any
one had noticed colors, but
from then on the celebration
became paramount.
1t is seldom, of course, that
one sees such stripping act
in bus.
Sometimes a red-faced pas
senger will snort about it be-
ing too hot and take of his
overcoat.
Occasionally someone will
board a vehicle with her comb
still in her hand, and her
locks still AL strubly." as the
Allentown people say.
But it is not often. really.
that any one goes below one
garment.
Of came the red sweater,
showing a green one below.
What would the next color
be?
BY this time the male con-
tingent was betting on the re-
suit.
1t was whitel
Sure enough. the third
sweater down was as white
as snow, one of these ruffly
soft ones that seemed to have
cost about SAC in a good shop
dealing in Scottish cashmere.
The lady then took off two
Scarfs and her hat, which re-
vealed a second hat of lesser
size, firmly plastered to her
head.
BY this time her left arm
had disappeared, having gone
into a clothes horse act Of
its own.
1t was somewhere there be-
meath coats and sweaters, that
was all one-and the closest
astonished onlooker could say.
If there had been earmuffs,
he thought. she would have
taken off two pairs, to re-
veal earrings at last.
If there had been a nose
muff--
Well, she could have done
nothing more than take off
her nose and that would have
been out of place in one Of
our newly painted monsters.
This without-a-tease
act will never be forgotten as
long as a bus runs, or an ear
gets cold, or even a nose grows
red.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13

@. When is a hyphen used
after the prefix "pre" tmean-
ing previous in time) ?-W. j.
A. This prefix may mean be-
fore in time. or in place or in
rank. 1t is separated by a
hyphen when the root word to
which it is Joined begins with
the letter e. and when the root
is a proper name. A hyphen is
thus used in such words as pre-
existence. pre-event. present.
nent, pre-Victorian; the prefix
is used without a hyphcn III
other words. as prearrangc,
prewar. preheat.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
'Rebuffinq Tito

In the editorial. "Rebuffing
Tito" February /, The Star
asks: why. then. is there so
much opposition to an invita-
ton to Marshal Tito to come
to Washington to discuss world
peace? Would there be less
opposition If the President
were to go to Geneva, or to
Belgrade. for the meeting?"
The answer to the first ques-
ton will be found in The
Stars files, and the answer
to the second question is an
emphatic mo-"
The opposition is not pri-
marily due to the fact that
we do not agree with Tito's
political principles. as the Pres
ident and The Star profess to
believe. At the time of the
Geneva Conference there had
been no Hungarian massacre
and Bulganin did not come
with blood on his hands. II
such a conference were sug-
gested today the OPPOSE
ton would be no less fierce.
Tito became a party to this
massacre when he compelled
refugees entering his domain
to return to Hungary to
be executed. But his major
crime was the ruthless slaugh-
ter Of five American airmen
and If and when this Com
munist brigand is feted at the
White House. if President Els
enhower values the respect of
the American seryiceman, be-
fore grasping the blood-stained
hand Of the dictator, he will
be well advised to dispatch q
note Of apology to the survi-
vors Of those airmen. The ad-
minlStration seems to think
that because, In the ruckus
with Stain, Tito insisted upon
being top frog in his own Com
munist puddle, all his sins
must be forgiven.
American taxpayers were re-
quired to finance Tito's arse
nal. Must they now also pick
up the tab for his entertain
ment as an honored guest at
the White House? Did some
one say: why. that's adding
insult to injury?" I'll say it is.
Are Kadar and Khrushchev
next on the official invitation
list? Old ReactiOnary.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
Ear muhs-

Ear muffS-
These small but important
little pieces of everyday wear
are not for everybody.
Strong men disdain them,
as do some fair ladies.
Small boys. on the other
hand, or foot. maybe. love 'em.
No hat. please, but nice little
muffs held in place by a metal
band.
1t is a queer thing that
blood circulation is different
with different people, so that
one feels cold in the ears.
another in the nose and still
a third down the back.
A nose muff?
A lovely young lady recently
expressed the desire for one,
and wouldn't she look funny
that way!
Winter bundling is not nee
essarily the Pennsylvania
Dutch type.
Everybody wraps up differ
emily.
Perhaps the most outlandish
display Of the inner and outer
necessities for many garments
in cold weather was on a big
bus going downtown.
The lady got aboard. not
looking much unlike the rest
of the red-nosed riders.
The moment she took off
a big outer coat, however,
things began to happen.
This coat, by itself. was a
sort of relic of the Civil War.
1t must have seen Lincoln at
his last inaugural.
No doubt it was good, sturdy
stuff, because even the moths
had let it alone, save for one
visible tear near the left
shoulder.
\
When the greatcoat was
of, the lady stood revealed in
a raincoat.
Honest, the raincoat was I'M
derneath the greatcoat. and
there was still more to come.
Much more, as time alone
showed.
Under the raincoat was a
short jacket.
These two garments slung
over her left arm. the lady
began further revealment.
In some marvellous manner.
by a series of evolutions of
one arm over the other, and
the third arm-well. the other
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13

@. ! am trying to locate Gin
prinD Eisenhower's comment
on the range of Winston
Churchill's oratory.-R. A.
A. General Eisenhower's ia
vorable opinion Of the then
Prime Minister'S oratorical
powers is mentioned in CHAP
ter 4 of his Crusade in En-
rope" This contains the line
YOU may have in mind. He
used humor and pathos with
equal facility. and drew on
everything from the Greek
classics to Donald Duck for
quotation, cliche, and forceful
slang to support his position.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13

Like his evolutionary cou-
sins, chimpanzee and gorilla.
he is basically a tropical ami
NAL.
In only a few thousand
years he has adapted himself
to life in cold climates, such
as the habitat of the Eskimo.
Mammals and birds have &C
complished the same, but
chiefly by developing different
body proportions. fat deposit
ton, increase Of fur, and
other physiological changes.
Man has made the adaptation
chiefly by artifacts. such as
shelters, warm clothing and
fire.
Yet, under the surface, man
may be showing much the
same sort of physiological
changes as animals. Such is
the conclusion Of DR.. Mar
shall T. Newman, Smithso-
MAN Institution anthropolo-
gist. Thus. he points out,
jewellers in the Far North
seem physically more compe-
tent than others to live in
extreme cold.
He cites experiences with
soldiers during the winter OF
195O-51 in Korea and later at
an Air Forces base in Alaska.
There was a much higher in
cidence of cold injuries among
Negro troops, figuratively still
close to the tropics, than
among the whites. Eskimos
whose hands are immersed in
an ice bath show a greater
ability to maintain blood flow
in these extremities than
whites, and thus to ward off
frost bite.
Experiments In Manchuria
Similar experiments with
fingers were conducted in
Manchuria. The highest fin
ger temperatures were main
tanned by a group of Siberian
mountain people, the Uroch-
ons, accustomed for genera
lions to a very cold climate.
Mongols and Chinese ranked
next. Japanese, then living
in Manchuria, showed the low
est temperatures. Manchur-
ian-born Chinese showed
higher finger temperatures
than those from the south Of
China, and Japanese from the
colder areas of their home
islands had higher finger
temperatures than those from
the warmer islands.
DR.. Newman cites various
other experiments to indicate
the possibility of a closer
adaptation to cold among
races long adapted to low
temperatures.
Admittedly, he says. the evil
dence is not conclusive and
some of the findings may be
explained in other ways. He
specifically does not maintain
that cold exposure. per Sc, pro-
duces hereditary changes in a
race, but it is quite possible
that over many generations
such changes are brought
about through survival of the
f1tteSt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
'Foirfox Dilemma

Attention is called to your
ill-adyised and misleading
editorial Of February 5 headed
Fairfax Dilemma First,
there is a rather obvious fac
tual error in your statement
as to the number Of school
children in the county and ex-
pected to be in the county.
There are now 38,32l children
in county schools. with be-
tween $4,000 and 10000 ex-
pected by 1860. not 125, 900 and
100000 as you state.
Unfortunately some Of your
other facts and your conclu-
sions seem to be equally as in
accurate. The editorial i'm
plies that it is Fairfax County's
credit standing which has
made 1t difficult to market
school bonds.
/ would like to point out
that Fairfax County'S credit
rating has not changed in the
slightest since it was estab-
lished by the accrediting agen-
cieS some years ago. Fairfax
County has exactly the same
credit rating as have Mont
gomery and Prince Georges
Counties in Maryland and the
City of Alexandria in Virginia.
1t is the same credit rating as
Is held by most expanding
communities which are likely
to be faced with bond fnanc-
ing over a long period OF time,
Perhaps, the major cause of
Fairfax County's problem of
school bond financing is the
general bond market situation
brought about by the Repub-
llcan tight money policy. The
TACT that even Federal bonds
tSeries H are being refinanced
at 3I2 per cent interest is di-
rect evidence of this.
The other major factor in
Fairfax County's school bond
sale problems is one toward
which The Stars editorial
page apparently continues to
take a head in the sand" at
titude. In spite of direct state
rnents by bond experts, made
to county officials and to citi-
zens groups on the public plat
form, that the Virginia Cen
eral Assembly's foolish and
dangerous anti-integration leg
islation has increased the in
terest rate on Virginia school
bonds by from u to / per cent.
The Star refuses to believe it.
Direct evidence of the effect
OF this may be found in a
comparison between Fairfax
and Prince Georges, Maryland,
bonds. Early in December
Prince Georges County, Mary
land, with the same credit
rating as Fairfax, sold school
bonds at 4.27 per cent. One
week later Fairfax County re-
ceived only one bid and sold its
school bonds at ATS per cent
interest. Another evidence that
Virginia's school legislation is
responsible for part of this
problem is seen in indications
Fairfax officials have had
recently that bids will be
received OH county general
obligation bonds exclusive Of
school bonds at approximately
/ per cent less on school
bonds.
Your editorial implies that
the business licensc tax re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
Let's Be Grownup'

I completely agree with your
editorial, Lets Be Grownup."
Those people who agree with
Mayor Wagner'S snub to King
Saud should remember that
we are living in one world.
There are no moral principles
better than Christian prin-
ciples. The Christian way is
the only way to world peace. l,
for one. am thankful President
Eisenhower has chosen the
Christian way.
Charles W. Miller.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
Professor Chofee

New England individualism was
deeply ingrained in zechariah Chafee,
1r. Dead now at II, he spent the greater
part OF his adult life In the academic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
By THE HASKIN SERVI(

HAoAIN OEhV1CE
Washngtop
d. Please nose cents for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
And Won't Hove Bit Of Trouble With Ny Congress
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
Sdtion.