davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-11-17

the plate and studied tiny but interest
ing detail - what looked like a review
ing stand. Enlarging the picture some
100 times, Miss Cobb corroborated her
guess - it was a reviewing stand. Could
it be the Gettysburg ceremony?
Leading Lincoln experts were notified
including Lorant, who, as a specialist
in Lincoln photos, was especially inter-
ested. The picture was further enlarged,
until the detail was $50 times its original
size. The result was scholars thrill =
for one by one, the Lincoln experts were
able to identify Ward Hill Lamon, who
introduced the President at Gettysburg.
Governor Curtin of Pennsylvania, and
Lincoln himself. At right is the picture
= the only photo taken Of Lincoln at
Gettysburg. - The End
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-11-17

of the speakers stand. But in that pre-
film day, the photographer had to put
sensitizing solution on glass plate. By
the time this was done, Americas great
est - and shortest - Grafton was over.
x But the photographer had actually
taken a picture of Lincoln earlier with
out realizing it. He had opened his lens
for a random shot - perhaps merely to
get rid of what he thought was defec-
tive plate.
The resulting photo was thrust away
in the Brady files. When Congress later
purchased the Brady collection, the
photo went to Washington to be buried
in the National Archives, not even
labeled Gettysburg"
1t was more than 90 years before
Archivist Josephine Cobb came upon
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-11-17
In A Million!

For 80 years America had no picture Of
Lincoln at Gettysburg. Then amazing discovery
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29

in recent years to modify
some Of the traditional rules
governing the paying of the
courtesy call. Common sense
has had to step in and new
rules have been adopted to
At the background of the
Nations Capital today.
Faded From Scene
One old custom that has
faded from the scene is the
formal observance Of the
traditional days at home"
formerly held by officials
wives. Time was when Mon
day was the day to call upon
the Chief Justice Of the
United States and the Asso-
ciate Justices Of the Supreme
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29

Court; Tuesday upon mem
bers of the House Of Rep
resentatives: Wednesday was
for Cabinet hostesses and the
Speaker Of the House Of Rep
resentatives; Thursday. the
members of the Senate. and
Friday. the members of the
Foreign Missions ia this
country.
For instance, it was con-
sidered incorrect to leave
cards on a cabinet official
and his wife on any day ex-
cept Wednesday. Perhaps
one might live next door to
a Senator. but good form die
tated that ,one must return
again on Thursday to make
that CALL 1t is easy to see
why this procedure has been
dropped.
Today. it is perfectly proper
to leave cards on any after
noon. upon any official, re-
CARELESS of the branch Of the
Government he represents.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29
MODERN
MANNERS
How to Use Visiting Cords
When Calling Upon Officials
By CAROLYN HAcNER SHAW

How to have your visiting
cards engraved was discussed
last week. To follow up--how
to use them when calling
upon officials. would seem to
be in order today.
While there are many who
scoff at what they term "the
empty gesture" of leaving
cards. it is still considered
proper that it be done. Par
ticularly is this true when
calling upon an official. 1t
Is showing a courteous respect
for the position he holds.
Due to the growth of our
Government and Washing
tons ever expanding popu-
lation, 1t has been necessary
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29

This also holds true when
calling upon members Of the
diplomatic corps. The calls
should be made between the
hours Of 3 and 6.
One Obligation
While, as I say, the rigid
calling procedure Of years
past is no longer observed, it
is still considered obligatory,
particularly for those in Of
fetal life, to leave cards land
now is the time to start)
once a year upon the follow
ing officials and their wives:
The President, the Vice Pres
ident. the Chief Justice, the
Speaker, Associate Justices of
the Supreme Court, and
members of the cabinet. 1t
is up to the individual
whether or not cards be left
upon those in the diplomatic
corps.
The leaving Of cards for
those not in official life is
entirely up to the individual.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29

Should he wish to pay his
respects to those ranking
high in our Government, it
is perfectly proper that he
do so.
1t is to be remembered that
when calling, a woman leaves
one card for each lady in the
house: never, under any cir
cumstances. does she leave
her card upon a man. For
example: If calling at the
White House, a married
woman would leave one Of
her cards for Mrs. Eisen-
hover, and two Of her hus-
bands cards-one for the
President and one for his
wife.
(Registered United States
Patent Ofiice)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29
Lyon Vlloge Group
Plcns Two Meetings

A luncheon and Executive
Committee meeting of the
Woman's Club of Lyon VII
lage will be held at 1890
pm. tomorrow in the Lyon
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29

Village Community House
with Mrs. Edwin T. Holland,
Mrs. Sherman r. Hill and
Mrs. Robert w. Livingston
as hostesses.
At 8 pm. Wednesday a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29
LEARN TIPPING
Expert tecehers make

Expert teoehers make
the difference Typ
ing at Temple Is
fought BY Paul
Stokes. o ehompicn
typist. who gives
every student per-
sonol oitension rui.
tion is 50 weekly in !
doy school. $3.50 rAUL sEOAEs
weekly at night school.
temple SCHOOL
1898 G st. NV. MA. S-467s
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29

regular meeting Of the club
will be held in the community
house with Mrs. Joseph w.
Seay, past president of the
International Optimist Club,
as the guest speaker.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1957-10-25
BY NORMAN LINDHURST
Foreign Correspondent

Rome Sept Il ltaly's aircraft
industry too, has begun to boom Of
late. The Aerfer Company, sub
sidiary Of the engineering and ship
building finn Of Fmmeccanica has
Just unveiled an entirely Italian
DESIGNED supersonic iet fighter. the
Sagittalo II
But some Of Italy most spectacu-
LAT export successes nave been
achieved i'll light industry Motor
scooters are the Mo. exhibit. De
veloped III Italy after the war, the
motor scooter has FevoluGonized
Italian transport and become a
major Italian export to so foreign
countries.
Outside Milan. tle Ilnocenti fac
tory. covering 600 600 squdre-yard
area, produces 500 Lanabretta motor
( scootefs d day. This is exclusive of
Lambrettas produced under limo
cent license ID Argentina. Spain
France and India.
Business machines hla tie become
another big-tinle italian export spec
ialty Olivetti has even invaded the
American typewriter market. T b e
Segio works on Milan and Crema
boasts that il sells its Everest ma
chimes ID every county which I'M
ports office equipment
Of late. Italy has been striving 70
get foothold in the world petrol
cum monopoly. the Ente Rationale
Idrocarhuri ENI.
EN- has signed ali agreement
with Iran to drill tho rich Gum
fields, 100 miles south Of Teheran
The Italians snatched this plum
away from American and British
companies and thereby put Italy
into the petroleum big-time.
EMS Iranian deal was not hap
penstance, Petroleum. Production.
fostered under the countrys indus
trialization program. Is becoming a
pillar Of the Italian economy.
italy last year boosted natural gas
production nearly Is per cent EN-
drilled So exploration wells and 80
development wells.
Near Ravenna. the Italians are
completing plant tho largest in
Europe for the production Of syn
thetic rubber and heterogeneous fertil-
izers from natural gas.
Italian refineries last year
handled five million tons Of crude
oil Italy's pipeline system reached
a length Of 2,7Ol miles and the
tanker feet tonnage Of 1870 265
lightweight tons
And all this was accomplished
without sighting tho pasta industry.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1957-10-25

INSURANCE and fire officials are re-
minding Americans that 1857 seems
practically certain to be the first year in
which losses will pass the billion-dolar
mark. Fire losses for the first eight months
Of this year We're S706 900. or 6.3 per
cent above the 1861 ,OS5. 900 reported in the
like period Of 1856 These figures of the Ma
tional Board Of Fire Underwriters include
allowances for fires and uninsured losses
Fire losses for all 1856 set a new high of
1889 .29oo 900. Even if losses in the last four
months Of this year merely equal the 1856
level. the billion-dollar mark will be top
ped. While a large proportion Of the in
crease IN losses can be attributed to infat-
cd costs, the number Of fires is larger than
~ previous years. In 1912, for example,
there were 650,333333 fires. Of which 81 $50
We're clasScd building fires In 1856,
there were S6556l fires, Of which building
iires accounted for i0S.952
The five leading causes Of fires. accord
lng to the Fire Underwriters, during the
last ten years, were. III order IF claims !:
Matches and smoking, $3.50 per cent. mis-
use of electricity. 1862 lightning oS5 !;
petroleum and is products. 500. and
stoves, furnaces boilers and pipes, GIG.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1957-10-25
Misuse Of Printing

Not until longer sentences and heavier
fines remove the financial advantage Of
this traffic Will the producers, distributors
and dealers of filth be driven ont Of this
sickenng business
Mr.. Hoover pointed out that ia single
smut dealer can produce for a small initial
cost obscene photographs or publications
which can then be copied by thousands I'm
like the narcotic cigarette, which is reduced
to ashes after degrading one unfortunate
victim the obscene photo. film or book can
be transmitted on an almost endless round
of moral destruction"
Continuing, he sad The activities Of
the muck merchants are national IN scope
and are closely organized These moral de-
generates draw no line or age distinction
when it comes to customers Your child can,
easily bccome one of their victims. An
aroused public is necessary one that
will not countenancc the placing Of this
trash Oh public display"
Agreeing with all that the +. B. l. di-
rector has said, we would ask the reader
what arc You reading? And, probably even
more important, what are your children
reading?
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1957-10-25
What Has The Court Decided?

eliminated against solely by reason of race
or color in matters affecting assignment Of
children in public schools
Since the Virginia pupil placement law
sets out reasons for assignment of pupils
and since none Of these reasons are because
of race on color" the question becomes
more and more confusing. Assignment Of
pupils is a necessary provision for the eff
ficient operation Of all schools. The assign
ment Of pupils to certain rooms to certain
to certain rooms or grades, are all matters
Of administration. If the pupil assignment
law, on its face is unconstitutional (per
seq when taken to its ultimate, the courts
will be called upon to administer the
schools, assign the teachers pupils etc
None Of this makes sense to us.
Frankly we are all mixed up over the
ramifications Of the legal mazes and none
of it makes good sense.
We say again that chaos is certain when
courts assume the role Of legislative body
in writing law instead Of interpreting law.
Until this matter is made the law Of the
land through the prescribed procedures Of
amending the Constitution, there can be no
certainty. From present indications we
might accustom ourselves TO decision after
decision, each bringing more and more con
fusion. just what the law Will be when the
courts finish writing it is anybody's guess.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1957-10-25
Farm Ponds

THOSE who watch with interest the de-
vclopment of things agricultural re-
port that thousands Of farmers in the
United States have turned to the use of
farm ponds for irrigation, hatcheres and
occasionally. as supply for fire-fighting
The ponds often represent nothing more
than a dammed-up creek or a natural or a
man-made depression that catches and
stores water. Some arc small and relatively
simple. Others cover acres and have ntri-
cate Spillways.
1t il quite possible that many farmers
have overlooked the possibility of creating
i water reservoir on their land. In some in
stances. il ought to be possible to impound
waters and use ii to irrigate 4 limited
acreage
lii all eases, II the pond IL large enough,
the owner has chance to grow fish crop.
which possesses rccrcational as we'll AZ
monetary value.
We d mol know how many farms pos
aess springs running water or j depression
that Is suitable for the creation Of fish
pond However. We do know that thousands
III ponds have come into being il the last
few years and that these ponds are valu-
able assets 10 the land on which they are
located.
Farmers should look into the possibilities
that exist on their land The small amount
invested III the construction Of 4 good farm
pond might pay handsome dividends in
later gelis
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1957-10-25

There'll be a third party" yes.
automatically. 1t is already here.
But it will be third party in the
presidential field only. and it may
or may not have candidate.
1t will remain in solid posses
sion Of the Democratic Party at
home and it may attend the ma
tional convention.
Now is the time for making it
clear.
And for taking steps against
any leaders who would have 1t
otherwise.
Sometimes it may seem that
they don't want the South in
these United States any more. But
you can't travel outside the cen
tiers Of publicity and politics and
continue to think so. People just
don't know what's being done to
the South and what the facts are
behind the South's attitude"
Mark B. Garff, leading business
man and churchman, told me in
Salt Lake City.
, The masthead Of The Deseret
| mot desert News in Salt Lake
City says: I'VE stand for the Con-
stitution Of the United States as
having been divinely inspired"
That's what we stand for in the
South against nervous nine
somes who hold hands and jump
without mandate from the people.
the Congress, the Constitution. or
the Lord.
Also without commonsense.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1957-10-25

IN a recent speech, FBI Director J. Edgar
Hoover declared that an aroused public
opinion is needed TO combat muck mer-
chants who peddle obscenity to children,
as we'll as adults.
Speaking at the closing session Of the re-
cent American Legion Convention in At
lantic City. Mr.. Hoover launched an all-out
attack on off-color photographs and publ
cations, after calling for more united fam
lily life to curb delinquency. He echoed the
sentiments Of Maryland law enforcement
official who stated that the tripe' availa-
bic as reading matter on newsstanas today
is responsible for the ecord-hgh number
Of rape. molesting and assault cases in his
particular area.
Both officials agree that the pcddler Of
obscene pictures and writing trash have so
flooded the market within the last few
years that to find newsrack without sam
pies Of it is the rare exception. And, ito
the mentally weak individual. this type Of
reading merely serves TO whet his appetite
for sexual excitement all the more
SITTER legal penalties. particularly il
local and state courts, are needed to re-
place the frequent wrist slap given those
convicted Of this vile trade Hoover said.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1957-10-25
Double Check

noticed that since the Repub-
leans got into a jam with the
people and are sending out troops
70 push bayonets into the backs
Of girls and boys that In God
We Trust" is appearing on one
dollar bills. This may be good be-
cause you sure can't trust them
Republicans no more, and I'm no
Democrat politician trying to
make political gain out of your
old game neither.
Ihere are SO many things to
watch these days and some you
have TO watch out for. F'instance
Sputnik, ii may disintegrate any
time Europeen visitors. re-
members Potsdam? There is more
secrecy around Washington Con-
ference than 1t was then. This
one amt telling nothln.
Prices are and will continue to
advance there is plenty of gas
IN the initiation hubby yet. 1t
may 90 even higher than the far
UP rocket may hit. Funny thing We
never have any of that initiation
airy stuff until the Administration
tries TO stop it. 1t never becomes
popular TO us poor folks but the
wealthy Just wallow in it ;.
somehow they got wage increase
put off until January? Making
things tight Is their idea OF eco
nomy YOU better figure that
one out.
This Is no time for any Third
Party 10 settle what ails the Ma
ton Third parties only put the
wrong party in control.
Thanks for reading.
Yours.
]. Marvin Brown
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1957-10-25

lust what has United States Supreme
} Court decided in its failure to review
the Fifth District Court sustaining, on ap-
peal the decision Of Federal Judge Walter
E. Hoffman in a school indignation case
originating in Norfolk?
Practically no one is entirely certain.
The newspaper reporters took it to mean
that the Pupil Placement Act Of the Nir-
gnia Legislature is unconstitutional The
politicians appear to have taken the report
of the newspaper reporters at face value.
Some lawyers agree that the Virginia law
was declared unconstitutional. Frankly, we
don't know.
Judge Hoffmans decree restrained and
enioined (the school officials in in Norfolk
and Newport News) from refusing, solely
on account of race or color, to admit to, or
enroll or educate in. any school under their
operation, control, direction or supervision,
directly or indirectly. any child otherwise
qualified for admission to, and enrolment
and education in, such school," This was
his written decree.
In his oral opinion from the bench he
went into a number of details and assump-
tions, even TO suggest the prospect of ger
rymandering in certain cases He assumed
that counsel agree (the ruling of the SD
preme Cour0 is the law Of the land And
then added. The Supreme Court did not
order mass Indignation 1t merely stated
that the school children could not be dis
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1957-10-25
-roLL-R ROADS

Although squeezed By rising costs
and declining revenue, tho Bureau
Of Public Roads has Incorporated
2.l02 miles Of toll roads in fifteen
states into the III .ooNmile network
Of interstate andd defense highways.
Congress will now have to decide
whether the Government should pur-
chase the roads and make them toll
free, Of let the states continue to
collect the tolls and maintain the
highways.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1957-10-25
Using Freedom

Wait a minute, Paul says in ef-
feet. when they ask him about
this. You are free. to be sure.
This particular tWilight-zone thing
Is not sin Eating such meat is not
an approval Of idolatry at all. But
suppose some weaker brother
knows what you are doing, and
concludes that you are approving
ldol-Worship? Then what? Then the
question is not any longer, Is this
particular act right or wrong
The question for you is. What will
be the effect on my brother if do
this thing | am free to do2 This
brother may be weak. he may even
be stupid. but Christ died for him.
Are you going to drive back into
sin this man for whom Christ died?
So II Is With many twilight-zone
acts today You may be strong.
and free; doing them will not hurt
you at all But what about other
people am never so free, if I
am a Christian. that I have a right
to abuse my freedom by leading
some one else into what fer him
u SIN.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1957-10-25
Christian Freedom
Lesson for October ~, 1857

II IFE would be simpler if it were
- all in clear black-and-white
There is no mistaking one for the
other. Daylight and dark can't be
confused But twilight is confused
and confusing There are some &C
lions, some ways Of living, which
are evidently and undeniably good
there are others which are inst
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1957-10-25
John Temple l;.aye.
John Temple Graves
Third Party South's
Burning Issue Now
May now, ir; mutual, well-be-
seeming raj ks
Move all one way :"

May now, ir; mutual. well-be-
seeming raj Ks
Move all one way :"
The South's s1stapce from both
parties national y at this moment
IS eloquent In he fact, that the
greatest addik onat affront it
could have at President Eisen-
hower's hands Would be the nam
ing Of Eleanor 'saoosevelt and Ad-
lai Stevenson, tp Democrats both,
to the newly created Civil Rights
Commission.
He is said to ,lave both in mind.
Nominations -oy Brownell
Isn't it time sor Southern State
Democratic EXECUTIVE Committees
Of the South. "a their chairmen,
to get toeethes. and make their
status clear? u
This third ,-oarty" talk needs
both conference and Qualification.
1t needs d conference to face the
nation we'll In advance with $50
solid electoral Votes 1t needs a
Qualification u, assure all con-
cerned that this independence in
cludes no surrender OF the Dem
ocratic name AID organization at
| home.
You can't ibnore $50 electoral
votes and you, can't impose party
discipline Oh chat is the whole
party now il most Southern
states. Nv
The half h ID not been told!
When you co! sider what caused
the l948 break sway you know re-
volt Is many Il hes more called for
now and many times more Ger
tain
In l948 it VS. mainly Mr. Tru-
mans advocacy Of i Fair Employ
ment Practices Acs and PERHAPS
an -lynchi4g aid an anti-poll
lax laws Anes like most of the
Fair Deal prrgrarns these were
never dealt. Fsw Of US who fol-
lowed Strom Thhlrnond really
imagined. eve 4 III moments Of
darkest foreh ding. that within
ten years the measures we we're
opposing woud be beggared by
federal orders1lor integrated pub
lie schools al federal bayonets
enforcing the Uders at class room
doors.
That's why .she revolt this time
Is not Of a d.uded South but a
solid one Thn'e can be no more
Of the loyal Democrat against
States Rights Democrat issue
new. nor will any politician dare
to talk party discipline against
Democrats w.'o hold themselves
totally free iii regards the presi-
Dental elect 3ns state Commit
tees are callef upon for their de-
clarations OK Cil national indie
pendence and ~ continued con-
troll at home,
For that is Alle simple fact. The
Democratic Rfty in most South
ern states II btade up at this mo-
ment twhethH the state commit
tees reflect it>set or mott Of peo-
Iple fat more profoundly for re-
volt now thas3 IL. l948, and we'll
nigh unanim8us.
| And no one - at home OF ma
tional headquarters has the
right OF power 40 take the state
Democratic Esllls away from the
Southern Der orrats, with all that
means Of or aI]Ization. tradition.
| r,,pStj~n o,,I .rHnt,,-Sfx.