davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-15
Irish Reaction

1t is beginning to look as though
reports Of hostile reaction in Ireland to
the designation of Scott Mcleod as AM
bassador have been exaggerated.
The Irish Times has protested, pri-
marily on the basis of accusations against
: Mr.. Mcleod which it says have been
denied but not disproved" And the
Irish Association of Civil Liberty, taking
note of the "outcry from reputable and
presumably well informed newspapers"
has asked the Dublin government to re-
consider its reported agreement to accept
the Mcleod appointment.
There are indications, however, that
the newspapers whose "outcry" has I'M
pressed the civil liberty group may not
have been very we'll informed after all.
At any rate, the Irish Independent, the
country's largest daily newspaper, has
been unable to detect the outraged Irish
American papers.
The Independent thinks that these
reports were inaccurate and that they
should be corrected GAS far as Ireland
is concerned" the paper says, 1--WE are
aware of no grounds on which exception
could be taken to Mr.. McLeod's nominal
ton and appointment. The suggestion
that there has been an outcry against it
is, as the Irish public is we'll aware, quite
unfounded"
For our part. we continue to believe
that the selection was unfortunate to the
extent that it may have been designed
to ease Mr.. Mcleod out of his controver-
sial place in the State Department. The
fact that Mr.. Mcleod is disliked and dis
trusted by some people in this country,
however, does not necessarily mean that
he is unacceptable to the Irish govern
ment or that he is not competent to serve
as Ambassador. On such points as these,
the record should be kept straight.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-15
Pigeons and Proqress

1t seems sad, in a way, that our
Army has just rid itself Of all its homing
pigeons at cash-and-carry sale at Fort
Monmouth, New Jersey. But the pressure
OF progress Is too memorable to be
stopped. Despite the good military serv-
ice they have rendered in the past (even
as recently as the Korean War;, these
fine message-carryin birds have been
outmoded by advances in the field of
electronic communication. In that sense.
they have become the latest among the
many casualties Of this age of boundless
inventiveness.
But these creatures, even though the
military may now equate them with their
extinct passenger pigeon cousins, are
likely to keep on thriving in the civilian
world. After all, they have been going
strong for ages. AS far back as ancient
Egypt, they were highly esteemed by
people, who enjoyed having them around.
And 1t wasn't long after their domestica-
ton that they were enlisted for useful
work. In 1850, for example, they carried
many a message in q neW-fangled postal
system established in Baghdad, and they
have been similarly helpful in numerous
other places through the centuries that
have since passed.
Accordingly, in view of their excel
lent reputation and the great numbers
OF civilians who still like them as pets
and racers, 1t seems reasonably certain
that the homing pigeons will continue
to flourish in the future. Even so, now
that all of them have been mustered out
OF military service, sentimental tear
may be in order. And we may ask, too,
whether the Army is really sure that
they are no longer needed. What hap
pens II some of the electronic equipment
breaks down?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-15
Questioning Newsmen

Just for the record, it may be worth
while to make the point that newsmen
do not have and should not want any
protection from questioning by Govern
ment investigators trying to track down
news leaks"
The matter has come before Repre-
sentative Moss subcommittee in connec-
ton with an alleged threat" made to
magazine editor. The editor had pub
lished an article about the flight of a
new military plane. and two naval intelli-
gence agents asked him from whom he
obtained the information The threat"
consisted of hint that the magazine
might find it difficult to get cooperation
from the Navy in the future If its editor
did not cooperate with the Navy by d.
vulging the source of the leak.
We trust that this is not going to
develop into a cause celebre. For the
whole affair is slightly ridiculous and the
solution quite simple. The investigators
had perfect right to ask the editor who
leaked the information to him. And the
editor had Just as much right to refuse
to tell them. What if there was an ele-
ment OF the you-tell- us or else technique
In the questioning? That's Just part of
the game, and nothing to lose sleep over.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-15
Not for Congress

Serious consideration should be given
to Engineer Commissioner Lanes pro-
poSal that the District be permitted to
build future Potomac River bridges with
out running to Congress in each instance
for advance authorization. The futility
of the existing system could hardly be
pictured better than by the confusion and
Illustration of the current bridge-tunne
-go-round on Capitol Hill.
We do not mean to suggest that the
District should have the power to build
any kind of bridge, wherever it wants,
without regard for the legitimate con-
Germs of many other agencies. Actually,
Congress has given these same agencies
sufficient powers to deal, not only with
locations Of bridges, but with the details
of draw spans, navigational clearances
and the number of bridge lanes required
to handle traffic. Yet the fact is that
these matterS-resolved at the admins
trative level downtown-often are APP
preached by Congress with little regard
for the months of elaboration by experts.
AS in the case of the Constitution avenue
bridge-tunnel mess, it is easy for Congress
some based on political considerations, on
which it is difficult for either side to
yield. AS General Lane points out, these
are generally matters which the legisla-
lures of the States have long ago discov-
cred are mot suitable items for the
legislative halls"
Congress, of course, could intervene
In any specific project, and undoubtedly
would in some instances. But we queS-
ton that the likelihood of this would be
as great if Congress granted the city the
same kind of general authorization to
build bridges that it now has to build
controversial expresSways in monumental
areas throughout the Capital And in the
long run, Congress would retain its final
voice in the matter through its control of
District budget appropriations.
Another effect of such general au-
thorization might well be to bring about
a more realistic effort among the various
District and Federal agencies to resolve
their differences at the planning level.
In most past bridge disputes, officials have
been aware that the real fight was shap-
ing up for Capitol Hill The knowledge
OF this, we suspect, more than once has
engendered an inclination to postpone
the issues, rather than to try to settle
them
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-15
To Save Our HERITAGE

What one man has done to help pre-
serve Americas natural heritage-the
ever-shrinking areas of forests and noun
tains and streams upon which the march
OF civilization has encroached since the
days of the founding fathers-is reviewed
in remarkable book just released by
the Conservation Foundation. This is
the impressive and thought provoking
story, in pictures and text, of the success
full efforts Of John D. Rockefeller, jr, to
save what is left of the Nations primeval
wonderland 1t is an example of self
effacing contribution to the public well
fare that should inspire others to join in
the continuing conservation battle.
The strikingly illustrated volume,
published by Alfred A. Knopf, New York,
reveals for the first time in one account
the important role played by Mr.. Rookie
Teller and his associates in the preserva-
ton and extension for the people of such
natural resources as the Yosemite forests,
the Jackson Hole Basin in the Grand
TetonS, the Shenandoah and Great
Smokes National Parks, the redwood
forests, the Acadia National Park on
Mount Desert Island in Maine and the
beauties OF the Virgin Islands. Included,
too, is chapter on Mr.. Rockefeller's
related heritage" project, the restora-
ton of Williamsburg, Virginia.
Mr.. Rockefeller's love of nature was
not a development of his later years. He
has carried with him throughout his busy
career fond memories of the woods and
lakes and wildlife of his early home, 1.-The
Homestead" near Cleveland, Ohio. Event.
ually he gave the sylvan estates 266 acres
to East Cleveland and Cleveland Heights
for municipal park. Later he became
interested in saving the palisades of the
Hudson, near his New York home, from
dissertation by rock quarries. Largely
through his efforts and financial aid the
palisades today are public park, with
broad parkway along the ridge to enable
the general public to enjoy the rugged
scenery.
1t was with the advice OF his friend.
Horace Albright. former director Of the
National Park Service, that Mr.. Rookie
Teller turned his attention and his money
to broader fields, including national
parks. Many millions of Rockefeller
money not only went into the acquisition
of additional park land but in construc-
ton Of facilities to make the parks more
accessible and convenient for visitors.
The museums at Yellowstone, Mesa Verde
and Grand Canyon National Parks are
typical of the latter.
The book serves to emphasize the
need for further conservation efforts, not
only by governmental action, but by gen.
erous private support. The urbanization
OF America is growing threat to our
remaining recreational and park areas
In 1900 about three-fifths Of the popula-
ton lived in rural regions, whereas today
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-15
Witch Hunters

] wonder If that Senate In
ternal Security Subcommittee
is now convinced by the death
OF Canadian Ambassador Her
bert Norman that there is not
an iota Of favorable publicity
left in that old cry of wolf!
Wolff" All but the most rabid
OF their constituents were
convinced long ago. And when
some of the witnesses used by
the prosecution turned out to
be perjurers themselves. that
was enough TO convince even
the most bigoted that they
were as benighted as were the
witch hunters of Salem. If
the reactions in the Canadian
Parliament and our own Gov
eminent are not sufficient to
stop the character slaughter,
1t may be necessary for their
own constituents to rise up
and call q halt TO it.
Observer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-15

@. Where did the glaciers
come from which covered part
of the present United States
in the ice ages. d.
A. There were three impor-
tant ice sheets in North
America. One moved down
from Labrador. Another. the
Keewatin. developed in North
Central Canada and eventually
reached what is now Minne-
sofa. Iowa and the DakotaS.
The Corderillan ice sheet,
formed in the far western part
of Canada, came down into
Washington and Montana.
@. Why do some birds hop
while others waikiki. E.
A. Birds that hop are those
which live chiefly in trees,
where both feet are used ST.
simultaneously to grasp a branch.
Ground-dwelling birds walk.
Some birds. which divide their
time between trees and ground.
both walk and hop.
@. please state briefly the
purpose of the new "Eisen-
hover Doctrine c.
A. Upon signing the joint
resolution OF Congress on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-15
Points With Pride

Those who are associated
with District General Hospital
can indeed take pride in that
association. In view of recent
criticism Of the administra-
ton and of the physical plant.
this may seem a paradoxical
statement. However, there are
certain considerations which
justify 1t.
The numerous but seldom
heralded research activities at
District General Hospital are a
source of pride, because of the
benefits which accrue to sick
patients. Those who work dill
gently. often under significant
handicaps, to perfect tech
niques and develop new meth
DDS Of therapy deserve praise.
The results of their work mean
better patient care. And, re-
ports OF THIS research reach
far and wide.
The singular purpose Of the
medical staff TO provide good
medical care, despite the ad-
ministrative and other def
ciencies. is something of which
other physicians. local author
tiles and the community can
be proud. District General
Hospital is unique among city
hospitals with regard to its
highly qualified, full-time
medical staff.
Paramount at present Is the
pride in the potential which
our city hospital possesses.
Prompt action to correct the
deficiencies detailed by Con-
gress, and intelligent, care
full action on the recommended
lions made by the hospital con-
sultant survey should bear
fruit.
1t is hoped that In the not
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-15

March 8. 1857, the President
said that it expresses the de-
termination of the legislative
and executive branches of the
Government to assist the ma
lions in the general area of
the Middle East to maintain
their independence. 1t is a
further demonstration Of the
will of the American people TO
preserve peace and freedom in
the world"
@. How many hymns did
Charles Wesley write in his
lifetime?-W. B.
A. Charles Wesley Cl707-
1889, one of the greatest Of
all hymn writer's, wrote more
than 5000 Of them. OF these,
almost 400 are still sung.
Charles Wesley was the song
writer of the Methodist move
ment.
Q. AT what angle should a
knife be held against a whet-
stone for sharpenihg?-R. H.
A. Pocket knives and cary-
ing knives may be tilted UP at
about rs degrees to the surface
and a utility kitchen knife at
35 degrees.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-15
Almanac
Dewitt o. Burke.

Grandfather kneip The weathcr
DelI
By chestnut burrS and fat
pine cones.
Long, long before the frosty
spell
OF winter chilled his bones.
He kneD a ring around the
moon
Meant falling weather:. rain
or SnotD.
And by the stars enclosed, hon
soon,
Hon. many days to 90.
or passing by a neW-thdDed
brook
When first he heard marsh
peppers RING.
He'd say that all the frogs
Mould look
Through glasses at the
spring.
Frederick Ebrisht
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-15

about three-f1fths live in the cities and
towns - which are steadily expanding.
The prophet Isaiah wrote: "Woe unto
them that join home to home, that lay
field to field, till there be no place that
they may be placed alone in the midst of
the earth" This sage observation is more
true today than ever. The preservation
of our natural heritage should be of con-
Germ to all of us-and especially to those
who, like Mr.. Rockefeller, are SO fortunate
as to be able personally to do something
about 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-15
WSTAS IN SCIENCE
Infants Development Is Explained
By THOMAS r. HENRI

point out that the young
child covers the full range of
sounds utilized, for example,
by Gaelic, Russian and Poly
nesian dialects. One cannot
fail to hear all the vowelS,
consonants, diphthongs. aSpir-
ants, subvocals, nasals, Ger
man umlauts and tongue trills,
French throaty trills and
grunts. and even the Welsh L.
ma. ba. goo. boo. haugh.
augh and the like are charac-
teristic Of the phonation of
the third month. Gradually
repetition creeps in as the next
important step. Uggle-uggle,
erdaherdah. oddle- oddle. bup-
pub-bup and SO forth appear.
First Cry Brings Food
"At about 10 or IL months
greater variety appears. Babies
begin to jabber in sentence
like patterns, combining in
comprehensive groups of syl-
tables in assertive, interroga-
tive or explanatory infections.
1t has been found that about
26 per cent of the vocal re-
Sponses Of children 10 months
OF age are comprehensive,
while SO per cent of such ar
ticulation is comprehensive at
80 months and more than SO
per cent at 48 months"
The first cry succeeds in
bringing food. Other random
ly uttered sounds bring about
satisfaction of some other
needs. Each success fixes the
sound more firmly in the de-
veloping vocabulary of the
infant.
There is no evidence" says
DR.. Carmichael, that these
early words arise from con-
seriousness on the part Of the
infant or that they have their
origin in thoughts or ideas.
Rather, like other random acts,
they become fixed modes of
response when they succeed
in the satisfaction Of a bio
logical or socially determined
need.
Each child at some time
probably makes every human
sound. Soon. however, the
child finds that there is one
way of making a pattern Of
sound which will be most eff
fective in social control. and
that this way of uttering pho
nations is the commonest way
for his elders and his associates
to speak. Thus he learns to
speak as one should in his
social group. Unusual word
order. pronunciation or enun-
citation subjects the child to
ridicule. This reaction in
others defeats the end-secur-
ing function of utterance and
so 1t is not repeated"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-15

Baby's smile probably isn't
a smile at all.
It's a complex pattern Of
facial uscle movements
brought about by food in the
stomach, tickling on the chin,
or something of the sort. 1t
doesn't signify any mood on
the part of the infant.
BY the end Of the first year,
however, it's a real smile.
The development is ex-
planned by DR.. Leonard Car
michael, secretary of the
Smithsonian Institution and
noted psychologist in the field
of developmental behavior. in
a book, Basic Psychology"
just published. He says:
Because Of food in the
stomach, tickling on the chin.
or for other good stimulus
reasons. the facial muscles of
the child assume that particu-
lar pattern which adults
characterize as smiling. Most
of us have learned to smile
when smiled at. Many of us
especially smile when smiled
at by a baby. Thus, nearly
always, while the baby is
smiling for perfectly sound
internal reasons of its own it
sees, when in a social situa-
ton, a smiling adult.
Basis for Imitation
"Then a basis for imitation
is laid down. The neural proc
eSses initiated in the baby
by the visual impression.
mothers smiling face and
the neural processes related
to the already present inter-
nally reused activities which
determine the facial muscle
contractions of smiling are
present at the same time. The
adults smile alone may suffice
to call out the baby's smile.
This initiated smile can now
come in the infant. 1t may
be without the previously nee
essary internal conditions for
such facial response"
Somewhat the same picture
applies to speech, DR.. Car
michael says. The first cries
of the infant are immediate
responses to hunger, pain and
cold. Shortly after comes the
babbling stage.
None of these sounds have
any specific meaning but when
one of them brings a response
that relieves the immediate
situation-such as attention
by the mother-there is a nat
ural tendency to repeat it and
eventually attach some sort
of meaning to it.
There are an enormous num-
Der of such sounds through
out infancy. students of in
fancy" says DR.. Carmichael.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-15
THIS AND THAT
Bv CHARLES TPACEWELL

A friend dies. and someone
comes around to take UP q
collection.
would you" etc.
II would be happy to-" one
says, without thinking.
Actually, one is not happy
In the least.
"Er." one continues. 81
would be glad to-"
One is not glad, either.
In despair. one simply says:
"Of course I WILL" which is
best.
In answering a letter, the
briefer and more to the point,
the better all around.
Not only are there less
chances for argument. which
seldom does any one any good,
but there is a focus of what
one wants to say, in the words
one wants to use.
It is not so much a matter
of brevity being the soul Of
wit. either.
One should seldom try to
be witty in a letter, except to
a chosen spirit who will under
stand the mood in which it
is written.
The plain. direct statement
IS best in the average letter
answer.
One good way to achieve
these results is to determine,
before writing, Just how much
actual space one wants TO
take.
A page?
Half a page?
A third of a page?
This mechanical division Is
good, and some have found a
third of a page the best meas
urement.
1t is short. some may think
too short, but it ensures the
direct, careful answer, for one
cannot be both brief and direct
without being careful.
Care, in itself, involves much
more than making a neat
looking letter. without era
SureS.
A tip to the careful: A hand
written letter often makes GER
tain that one does not over
reach.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-15
Belmont Boy Airport

From the viewpoint Of 20
years as pilot of both pr.
vate and military airplanes, in
GLIDING commercial airlines, I
am concerned with growing
congestion Of traffic around
metropolitan areas and ter
minals. and in particular with
the continued delay in provid-
ing airport facilities at WASH
ington.
/ feel that the deletion Of air
safety funds from the Civil
Aeroriautics Administration
budget is most unfortunate and
dangerous. 1t imperils the
safety not only of the travelling
public. but of residents of areas
adjacent to the airways as well
and it is hoped that Congress
will restore the funds requested
by the Commerce Department.
While on q business trip to
Washington, / took a look at
both the proposed sites at Bel
mont Bay and Burke. Pilots
will generally agree that safe
landings, particularly under
adverse weather conditions, are
80 per cent dependent upon
adequate and unrestricted ap-
proaches to the landing area.
and that over-water ap-
proaches usually are ideal in
this respect. At Belmont Bay
a s to 10 mile open water APP
proach Is available in the
direction Of the prevailing
winds and this constitutes a
favorable factor of major i'm
portance II the forthcoming
large jet airplanes are to
be accommodated, to say
nothing OF the super-nuclear
powered airplanes forecast in
the future. Furthermore, II
future experience discloses
that flying boats are more
practical and better adapted TO
nuclear power because Of the
mammoth size necessary to be
economical in operation. then
Belmont Bay offers ideal ad-
vantages which Burke lacks
entirely.
I have no knowledge of the
relative costs Of the two sites.
yet l cannot help but observe
that from the standpoint of
topography and terrain, the
excavation, grading and filling
required at Belmont Bay
should be much more econom-
zeal to provide runways two
miles long.
Also, should future require
ments envisage much longer
runways. then by dredging and
retaining the shallow waters
OF Occoquan Bay, the Belmont
runways can be extended to
four miles and even six miles
in length without conflicting
with any thickly populated
communities.
Reavis II. Nelson.
Chairman. Rocky Mount
IN. c. Aviation Authority;
Colonel, Air Force Reserve,
and Commanding Officer,
9947 Air Rescue Squadron.