davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-14
BY EARL H. vOss

The official State Department
attitude toward the upheaval in
the Soviet Communist Party Pre-
sidium remains monumentally
skeptical. If there are going to
be any significant foreign policy
changes, let the revamped Soviet
leadership alter its disarmament,
Middle East or German reunif1cat-
ton policies-that is the official
line.
But beneath this position there
is quiet optimism.
Secretary of State Dulles, who
has not yet been questioned by
newsmen about the momentous
Moscow purge. may reflect some
of this hopefulness If he holds
his regularly scheduled Tuesday
press conference.
The Reasons for Optimism
There are some concrete reasons
for hope:
First, Of all, the removal of
Vyacheslav Moiotov is a net gain
for the West in itself.
Mr.. Dulles, Dean Acheson, and
many other American negotiators
have wasted many hours in dip
lomatic fencing with Mr.. Molotov.
And more important, the old
Bolshevik's natural tendency to
defy the capitalist" world, even
when this was not clearly in the
Soviet interest, is now removed
from the policy-making level.
There are those in the State
Department who are wary Of the
increasing flexibility OF the Soviet
Union brought by the purge. Some
commentators make 1t appear to
be thing to be feared.
But others welcome the oppor-
tunity to put the contest with the
Soviet Union on a faster track,
where not only the Communist
entries but the Vests can operate
more freely.
Fundamentally, however, 1t is
the determined emphasis the win
ners Of the June power struggle
have put on decentralization OF
industrial management which
augurs most for profound changes
hopefully changes for the bet
ter, although 1t is not yet clear
that the men who think like
Nikita Khrushchev are yet firmly
in power.
For the diffusion in power in
tended to result from this "re-
gionalization Of industry should
bring more voices from remote
points Of the Soviet empire into
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-14

the topmost councils Of the Com
munist system.
There is likely to be more en-
phasis on using Soviet resources
for the Soviet peoples in the re-
gions where more political power
is being centered. Presidium mem
bers and alternates from the out
lying areas can be expected to
have more interest in improving
their own situations-in getting a
larger share of the gross national
product = and less interest in
foreign adventures.
In short. the old, old dream Of
the idealiStS - that the Soviet
Union might yet be persuaded to
concentrate on improving its in
ternal situation, while paying less
attention to expansion abroad
may now have a better chance.
Thus Mr.. Khrushchev may have
launched a scramble for the fruits
of the Soviet industrial system
which will be difficult to stop. In
the fateful week of June % to 20
Georgi Malenkov. Lazar Kagan-
ovitch and Mr.. Molotov tried to
organize a presidium to revert
from the Khrushchev decentrali-
cation line toward the old CEN
tralized control of industry. Mr..
Khrushchev was able to get The
l33-man Central Committee Of
the Communist Party to REIN
dorse its previous decision to go
ahead with the decentralization.
And as a result Of the late June
maneuver he has taken more
leaders OF Soviet regions into the
higher councils Of the presidium
and secretariat. That can be ex-
pected to reinforce the trend to-
ward decentralization. dispersion
OF power, and concentration on
internal development as opposed
to external adventure.
Satellite Autonomy
The Central Committee has also
Reimbursed the trend toward more
autonomy in the East European
satellites. This trend has very
definite limits in the eyes Of Mr..
Khrushchev as well as his old
Bolshevik foes-as the Hungarian
revolution demonstrated. But the
new Soviet leadership is appar-
entity willing to allow just the kind
of slow ferment which Secretary
Dulles and most American off,
cials believe is the safest and
most solid hope for eventual de-
tachment Of these states from the
Soviet Union.
Yugoslavia and Poland are I'M
derstood to be encouraged by the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-14
By FRED THEROUx

More than a week has elapsed
since Nikita Khrushchev's clear
cut victory over his rivals in the
high council Of the Soviet Com
munist Party. In that time, the
chancelleries of the West have
been watching with deep interest
for signs of the effect Of the
Kremlin upheaval in the satellite
nations of Central and Eastern
Europe.
Observers of the situation have
already drawn up a set of fore
casts on the future course of the
Communist satellites. They in
clude the basic assumption, of
course, that the Khrushchev lead
ership will permit a substantially
greater degree of national"
policymaking in the satellites than
the Stalinists such as Mr.. Molotov
would tolerate.
The Woy II Looks
Their conclusions, in general,
are as follows:
ALBANIA-Complete conform
ity to whatever the twists and
turns Of the new Kremlin leader
ship takes. In the steel grip Of
a small group Of professional
Communists. no national" man.
ifestations are expected in this
backward, mountainous little
country.
BULGARIA--No i'm m e date
changes. but rising pressure
among restless elements, mostly
the postwar recruits to the Com
munist Party, for a greater degree
Of autonomy in determination Of
national policies. No significant
movement. however, for divorce
from the Warsaw Pact or for
national divergences such as those
already accepted in Poland.
PROFESSIONALLY = Here
again the Communist government
is one Of professionals, having no
broad support among the Czech
people. Although "Stalinist" in
practice, these Red pros will con-
form, for their own sake, TO what
ever the established Kremlin
leadership decides. Nom Commu-
mist elements will be encouraged
by events to begin agitation for
a greater national" development.
but they will be sternly suppressed.
EAST GERMANY-Here the
situation Is more complicated, for
reasons stemming mainly from the
artificial separation Of Germany
into East and West. Communism
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-14
CIVIL RIGHTS DEBATE
BY DAVID KooNCE

The drama of q Senate filibus-
ter, with its all-night sessions, cots
in the cloakrooms, tense galleries
and hoarse Senators, often OBJ
scures the position of the filibus-
tererS.
The very word "filibuster" brings
to the minds of many a Huey Long
extolling the virtues Of pot likker.
reading the Bible. or listing the
bargains in a mail-order house
catalogue.
To some degree, the Southerners
who last week began an attack on
the administrations civil rights
bill, which promises to reach fili-
buster proportions, were handi-
capped by the tradition they were
following.
Despite their pleas for attention
to their arguments, they found it
hard to combat the automatic dis
count the public and the press ap-
ply to things said even in the pre-
liminary stages Of a filibuster.
They were additionally handi-
capped by the fact that their ar
gument was basically a legal one
rather than an emotional one and
was not the stuff of which head
lines are easily made.
Nevertheless, as the first week
of the civil rights discussion"
drew to a close, the impact of the
Southern position-on fellow Sem
ators If not on the public-was
becoming evident. Their argu-
ments were beginning to attract
the sympathetic attention of lib
erals and constitutional conserva-
tives.
The Southern Position
Broadly stated, the Southern ar
gument was this: That the adj
ministration's civil rights bill
would deny several basic consti-
tutional rights, most notably the
right Of trial by jury, to persons
accused of violating the civil rights
of others.
The Southerners further hold
that the bill would substitute gov
eminent by men for government
by law in lodging unprecedented
authority with the Attorney Gen.
eral of the United States.
This position was stated most
forcibly last week by Senator Sam
Erwin of North Carolina, former
justice of the North Carolina SUI
preme Court whose legal acumen
is widely acknowledged on both
sides and who has become the
Southern theoretician on the ad-
illustrations bill.
The part Of the bill under broad
est attack would give the United
States Attorney General authority
to institute for or in the name OF
the United States a request for
Federal court injunctions against
any person who has violated the
civil rights of another or who
there are reasonable grounds to
believe is "about" to violate them.
Should the injunction or other
court order be ignored by the de-
PENDANT, he could be brought be-
fore a Federal Judge and SEN
fenced to Jail and fined for con-
tempt without the benefit of a
jury trial.
See AutocFctic Powers
The evils of such procedure are
many, argue Senator Erwin and
his Southern colleagues. The At
torney General would be given
autocratic powers that have no
counterpart in our history, they
say. Because it leaves the opera
ton of the law entirely to the will
of this appointed official. it
breaches the fundamental concept
of government by law, substitute
ing government by man (the At
torney GeneraD.
Further, they declare, the pro-
cedure could be used by the At
torney General in behalf OF. or
against, such persons as only he
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-14
The Ferment in Russia Two Views Of What NAY Follow

What will the Kremlin shake
mn mean to the West? Some
Of the expert thinking on that
question now going on in Wash
ingtOn is explored here. Mr..
Voss, who deals with a feeling
of cautious optimism in some
State Department quarters, is
diplomatic correspondent OF
The Star. Mr.. Theroux, who
comments on possible effects in
the satellites, is the Sunday Edi-
toriaI Sections specialist in
foreign affairs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-14
ABOUT THIS
ARTICLE

The purpose Of the civil rights
bill now before the Senate is the
laudable one Of assuring the
right to vote to all qualified cit
liens, regardless of race or color.
And opposition to the bill is
firmly rooted in traditional re-
sistance to any Federal inter-
vention in racial relationships
In the South.
The debate in the Senate has
made il clear, however, that the
opposition actually goes beyond
the racial issue and raises sig
niflcant constitutional and le-
gal questions of national inter-
est. Because that fact has been
somewhat obscured by the me-
chanics Of the prefilibuster
maneuvering, The Star presents
here an examination Of the OPP
position case, not as it relates to
Southern civil rights but as It
relates to those broader cOnsti-
tutional and legal questions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-14

may select. This provision, Sem
ator Erwin argues, lis utterly re-
pugnant to the fundamental con-
cept that courts are created to
administer equal and exact JUS
tice. in compliance with certain
and uniform laws applying in like
manner to all men in like cir
cumstances. He told the Senate
last week that Congress thus was
being asked to enact a public law
that would be the private pos
session Of the temporary occupant
Of the Office Of Attorney General,
whoever he may be-"
A major Southern complaint,
and one not easily understood by
the layman, is that the bill fur
ther extends the jurisdiction of
equity proceedings at the expense
of the right Of jury trial and for
no other reason than the expedi-
ency Of the moment.
The proceeding in equity grew
out Of need. recognized at an
early stage of our judicial system,
for a jurisdiction that could rem
der justice in many situations that
could not properly be handled by
criminal prosecution or lawsuit.
For instance, as Alexander Ham
ilton illustrated equity jurisdiction.
the case of a hard bargain in
which one of the bargainerS has
suffered an unfair but not fraudu-
lent advantage at the hands of the
other cannot be heard in regular
proceedings, even though it is clear
that relief for the victim would
serve the ends of justice.
Extension. Of Coveroee
1t has been a basic rule Of equity
that an equity action must be in
stituted by the real party in in
terest, and in his name, although
the bill now being debated permits
such action to be initiated by the
Attorney General in the interest
Of the Government.
Senator Erwin. in tracing the
development of equity proceed
ings. declared that. when the
Constitution was ratified, "the
basis of the jurisdiction then
exercised by courts of equity,
which historically function with
out juries, was the protection Of
private rights of property. .
In some cases courts of equity
used restraining orders and tenn
porary and permanent injunc-
tons to preserve the status
quo in respect to property in dis
pute until the conflicting claims
could be determined in a trial on
the merits, and the role of the
permanent injunction was to Sc
cure the enjoyment of the prop
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-11-22
"Crin1ina| Conspiracy

hold hearings and initiate proceed.
ings to revoke the charter of cor.
porations discriminating in price be.
tween geographic sections of the
State.''
Although the attorney general is
charged with the duty to act, if and
when a complaint is made to him that
corporation is discriminating in
price between geographic sections of
the state,' nothing further was heard
of the complaint until January 81,
1857 when Anderson, through the
press, Launched public attack on
my complaint in letter to the legis-
lature. He (Anderson) had held no
hearing as required by the statute.
He had not communicated with the
commission or any member of it's
staff. 1t was a curious situation, in
deed. There followed vigorous cor
respondence through the press be-
tween the Attorney General and me,
which came to a close almost stimuli
taneously with the killing of the last
commission-sponsored bill. In my
opinion, because of the political COM
plexion of the last legislature Mr..
Anderson, Democratic Attorney
General speaking to Democratic ma
jority in the legislature, must be
charged a full measure of blame for
destroying the effect of the gasoline
price investigation"
Noting that the 1856 Legislature
had appropriated $4,000 for an in
vestigation of price fixing by the in
dustry, under the Schumacher bill,
Vance said MTG was charged with:
L. to investigate, 2. to prosecute.
The commission did the first and at
tempted without success to get the
second under way. Also, since the
was ordered by the Leg
islature, the commission was prepared
to make "full presentation of its
findings at a public hearing to both
houses of the Legislature. l was told
to be prepared to make such presen-
tation. But the opportunity never
came. The only appearance made by
the commission staff was before the
House and Senate Judiciary commit
tees in support of legislation spon-
sored by the commission"
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-11-22
Home Ownership Costs
Rise 1000 In 6 Years

CHICAGO-(CNS)-A SIS, 1000
home costs 400 more than it did
six years ago, United Packinghouse
Workers (AFL-CIO) conclude. The
home itself sells for $4,000 more.
The interest payments on a Is
year mortgage have gone up $4,O71.
The unions study, released last
week, assumes that home-buyer
can find someone to loan him mon
ey at FHA's maximum 514 % in
terest rate, without paying any
premium. Actually, many home
buyers are paying up to go.
Also, the study does not include
any increase in taxes or insurance,
which are usually part of home
buyers monthly payments.
The total cost of a $17,4OO home
down payment, interest, and
principal payments for Is years
is $29, 287. For $4,000 home in
1851, the total cost was $22,816.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-11-22
.ST&T Rate Experts
Continued from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
on what he had been told by company
officials. and he said he did not know
that each year since 1851 MST&T
had operated with liabilities greater
than their assets and he did not know
that it was also true of all Bell sub
salaries. He did say he did not be-
lieve rate payers should supply the
capital for expansion of the company.
Opponents had Dundas read into
the record figures that showed Noun
tain States net earnings for 1866
were 6 70 million dollars over 1854
and for 1856 were 3 million over
1866.
Dean C. Gillespie, MST&T chief
engineer, said under cross examina-
ton by opponents, telephone con-
struction had reached peak and
that it will be Is or 20 years before
Montana uses its facilities to the full
est. He pointed out the installation
was expensive but provided technol-
ogical savings over the years.
He said the advantage in micro
wave installations in new equipment
can be added at the time it is needed
for a comparatively small cost.
YES, NO, MAYBE SO
Witnesses for the telephone COM
pany when asked a direct question
as to the exact meaning of state
ment they had made, with no excep-
tions, have paraphrased their answers
with g. the calculation is not as
simple as that" {" not exactly,
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-11-22

&c. not entirely, g. a number
of factors have to be considered il
answering that, I am sure that is
correct, however. :"
From testimony of this nature OPP
ponents to the increase are sitting
material for the presentation of their
case which is expected to start late
in the week.
Thanking rate expert Knappen, are
attorneys William Leaphart, Helena,
and Leo Graybill, Jr., Great Falls,
representing citizens who contributed
to the Utility Users Protest League
and participating organizations in
Guiding the Mine-Mill Unions in Mon
tana, the Montana AFL-CIO, the
Montana Farmers Union, the Rail
road Brotherhoods, and the Cascade
County Trades and Labor Assembly.
To expedite the hearings Leaphart
and Graybill are doing the question
ing for all organizations and their
attorneys.
Attorneys for the telephone COM
pany are E. G. Toomey, Helena, and
R. D. Corette, Butte. About 20 tele-
phone company employees comprising
witnesses and onlookers have attended
the hearings each day.
In this case split hearings have
been held on the same principle as
the power company hearings last
week.
The original hearings on the tele-
phone company application were held
in Billings in September, then a re-
cess was allowed until the 18th of No.
vember. The hearings this week allow
the opponents to cross-exanine the
witnesses of the telephone company
after which they will present wit
nesses in opposition and their exhibits.
Following the close of the case
time will be allowed for briefs to be
filed by both sides.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-11-22
World Farmers In
Same Plight

ROME-(CNS)-U. S. farmers
aren't the only ones who must pro-
duce more to maintain the same in
comes. This is the general condition
of farmers around the world, Food &
Agriculture Organization said, Sep
TENDER 20.
In the 1956-57 crop year, farm pur-
chasing power dropped as a result of
falling prices and rising costs. Farm
ers are more and more in an unfavor-
able position, compared with the rest
of the economy" FAC said. Shrink
ing farm incomes are particularly
in Europe.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-11-22
QUOTABLE QUOTE

A credit union is not an ordinary
financial concern, seeking to enrich
its members at the expense of the
general public. Neither is it seeking
to make profits at the expense of I'M
fortunates. The credit union is moth
ing of the kind; it is the expression,
in the field of economics, of a high
social ideal.-ALPHONSE DIES JAR
DINS.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-11-22
Key to Progressive Legislation .
Key to Progressive Legislation
House Liberal Group
Growing In Strength

popular reaction from the behavior
of the 80th Congress.
Of the 70 who last January re-
affirmed the declaration drafted by
Gene, two had been members of
Congress before the days of the New
Deal, 80 had first gone to Congress
during the Administrations of Roose-
welt and Truman, and 38 had joined
the club within the last five years.
Obviously, although there are some
young Turks" among them, this is
not an inexperienced coalition.
A METROPOLITAN PHALANX
Although Fl states have been rep
resented, concentration has been from
industrial areas. New York City with
IA each has the largest representation
in the Mccarthy group. California
with IL comes second, although only
six of these come from San Francisco
and Los Angeles, the others from
farm areas. Chicago provides all 8
from Illinois; Detroit all of the 6 from
Michigan.
Five Democrats from Philadelphia
are in the group, together with from
Pittsburgh and one from Reading. On
the whole, the group represents ur-
ban, working-class interests. About
come from metropolitan
districts, and one-fourth from rural
counties.
In the next session, watch for legis-
lative representatives of labor unions,
liberal farm organizations, and CO.
operatives to establish closer working
relations with the Mccarthy group.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-11-22
EMBARRASSING!

In Tulsa, Oklahoma, where the sides
of some of the buses are used for
various advertisements, buses recent
ly appeared carrying through the
streets of their routes sign which
read: "Why wait on bus? Next
time call a taXi!'
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-11-22
Milk Price,

Continued from Page One)
costs arises when milk is shipped by
a milk distributor from one market
area to be sold in another market
area. In the past some distributors
have been charging the transporta-
ton costs of shipment from one mar
ket area to another back against the
farmers who produce the milk. In
1949 the Attorney General of Mon
tana ruled that such a charge was
not proper since the cost of shipment
of milk from one market area to an
other by a distributor is actually
cost of the distribution of the milk
and not cost of production" Huppe
continued.
"The board has never followed
this opinion of the Attorney Cen
eral of Montana and in October
of this year adopted a policy which
would have allowed this cost to
become a cost of production vol
unfairly assumed by the producer.
The district court judgment en-
joined the board from effectuating
that policy.
'The third question raised in the
complaint and decided in favor of
the producer by the district court
Judgment, involves the authority of
the milk control board to charge
license fee on sales outside of con-
troll area. Milk control areas are es-
tablished under the law in certain
designated places, usually an urban
market town, and for limited num-
Der of miles surrounding the town.
Not all cities and towns are in milk
control areas. Often milk distributors
who purchase milk in a control area
will sell some part of that milk in
towns which are not in
control areas. The license fees charged
by the board are based upon the
quantity of milk sold. The plaintiff
contended that the milk sold outside
of the controlled areas should not be
used in computing the amount of
license fee he should be charged. The
courts judgment enjoined the Milk
Control Board from charging a Ii
cense fee based on milk sold outside
the control area.
Billings distributors have raised
the retail price of milk despite the
court order preventing the board
from putting the new price schedule
into effect. This is done, a spokesman
for the distributors said, because they
believe the law sets only minimum
prices with the sky the limit above
The boards scheduled price if they
IAN get away with it.
So far the board has apparently
not seen fit to attempt to control
he Billings area distributors.
In 1856, rural electric co-ops dis