davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-13
Charity Research

1t was with interest that I
read the letter "Over-Solic-
tied" by Edward B. Russell. In
January I sent a letter to you
cGivers Fund.-. I have had
many phone calls and talks
about it. Some good, some not
so good. all interesting. A call
from a polio foundation men,
Der was quite interesting. She
stressed the point that since
polio was national, it could
not join United Givers. I
told her that was sure that
a one-fund drive was being
worked in Detroit but she said
1t did not include polio.
did a little research on my
own and had a letter from the
executive vice president of the
United Foundation of Detroit,
Michigan, and here it is.
Whereas for several years we
invited the National Founda-
ton for Infantile Paralysis to
become a participant in the
United Foundation, this organ
ization, because of national
policy, rejected our invitation.
We did. however, establish the
Metropolitan Detroit Polio
Foundation, where we channel
money for polio purposes. The
March of Dimes drive is still
conducted in our town, but
they receive no corporation
money. nor are they allowed
by any business firms, govern
ment departments. or unions.
to solicit employees at their
place Of work." He further
states that they are satisfied
that United Funds can be or
ganized in practically any type
OF community. There are $50
In America. They finance
about IS per cent of all health
and community service organ
izations who formerly cam
paigned in their town. 1 per-
sonally feel that it can be
worked, but not in one year.
and feel that if we will all
have a little patience that we
will have a United Givers Or
sanitation which will mean
United"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-13

nounce the Eisenhower doc
trine. It is that we will fight to
protect our interests. OF course,
we will. The Constitution COM
mands the President to sup
press rebellion and repel inva-
sion. But what interests will we
fight for in the Middle East?
1t is this that the Eisenhower
doctrine does not make clear
to the Congress and to the peo-
pie. Are we sensitive to Ameri-
can investments in the Middle
East so that we are apt to get
trigger happy there? Or, are
we determined to prevent Rus
STA from aggressive seizure OF
the Arab countries? II the lat
ter. why don't we act as we
did in Greece and Turkey and
Korea? We must know that
words do not deter Russia. II
clear warning is all that Is now
required. why doesn't the Pres
ident SOUND T. n an address to
the Americas people so we will
all know What ghosts Dulles
sees In the deserts? Surely no
one is so naive as TO be i'm
pressed with the much ado
about little that we hear about
the wicked Jews. who now have
the best OF the argument. We
do not achieve a defensible for
eign policy by asking Congress
TO agree with the President in
a general statement Of what
the Constitution requires him
to do. Nor do we achieve it by
asking our delegate to the
United Nations to make a
speech to which we hope, with
out hope, both Arab and Jew
win agree. That is not even
wishful thinking. 1t is merely
wishing, without thinking.
The truth is that in the mod
ern world the American FROM
tier and the frontier of all free
nations is where any free peo-
pie are attacked or threatened
by armed aggression. Let us
now say that. again, and with
respect to the Middle East, and
with Russia's designs there. We
are a peaceful people. But
Americans are unused to the
tremors on the brink or else
where. Alan tombstone.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-13
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Some Calculations on the Eorth's Aoe
BY THOMAS r. HENRY

The earth Is approximately
3.500,000,000 years old. The
whole system of several billion
stars constituting the Milky
Way galaxy--just one of mil
lions In known creation-may
be a billion years older.
The greatest age that can
be assigned to the universe
itself, in its present form and
content, is approximately
100000, 900 years.
Such are the calculations,
from a variety of criteria, of
DR.. E. j. Opik of the Armagh
Observatory, Northern ireland,
published in the annual report
OF the Smithsonian 1nstitu-
ton.
In reaching his conclusions
DR.. Opik combines implica-
tons of such factors as the
amount of decay of such nat
urally radioactive elements as
uranium and thorium, the
rate at which the great star
galaxies are receding from one
another, and calculations of
the average density Of matter
in space.
Matter Estimated
The latter consideration
leads him to estimates of the
amount Of matter in creation.
From various criteria he con-
cludes that If 1t we're dis
tributed equally through all
space the average density
would be only four trillion
billion billionthS of a gram
per cubic centimeter. II this
condition obtained, the space
occupied by the earth would
contain only about 90 thous-
andthS of a gram.
Actually, Of course, much of
this matter is concentrated in
dense aggregations-stars and
star systems like the Milky
Way galaxy. DR.. Opik CAL
culates that there is an aver
age OF IL of these galaxies per
cubic megaparsec of space
a megaparsec is 3.25 million
light years, or the distance
traversed in a year by light at
a speed Of about 10000 miles
a second. The average gal
axieS, he calculates, contain
about 100000 100000 times
the mass Of the sun. Even so,
he says, this accounts for only
about 10 per cent of the prob
able mass Of the universe. The
rest is dispersed in space be-
tween the galaxies.
In ascribing an upper limit
Of about six billion years to the
whole universe DR.. Opik means
the beginning, not the present
CONGREGATIONS, of the star sys-
TENS, or the state of matter
out Of which they are evolved.
This can be considered as
the time since creation of the
present cosmos. Yet it may be,
he says, that there have been
many such cosmic structures in
the past and that there will
be many more In the future.
The universe is bound for
inevitable death-eventual re-
turn to the primitive state of
matter, pure nuclear particles
such as electrons and protons
out Of which it evolved. Then
another universe, far different
from the present one, may
evolve by much the same
process.
There is a master year of
273 months,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-13

This period OF ~ and three.
fourths ordinary years is due
to a recurrent fluctuation in
the radiation of the sun, upon
which all terrestrial life de.
ponds. The interval is re.
flected In natural phenomena
from temperature and rainfall
to human pulse rate.
Determination of the sun
earth year has been made by
DR.. Charles G. Abbot, now
research associate Of the
Smithsonian Institution.
Through a half century Of
intensive study of sun-earth
relationships. DR.. Abbot has
isolated ga periods of solar
radiation fluctuations, many Of
which are reflected in weather
and other phenomena. They
vary In length from days to
years. ALI, however, are con.
tanned in the 273-month mas
ter period.
Successful Predictions
It long has been DR.. Abbot's
contention that the solar
periods basically control the
earth's temperature and rain.
fall, and he has made pre-.
dictions for years in advance
which have been quite success
full. The subject, however, is
extremely complicated, since
terrestrial factors also play q
part and may at times com.
pletely overwhelm the solar
factors.
For example, DR.. Abbot
points out, the earth's atmos-
phere through which the solar
radiation must pass Is changed
at times by man himself. It
can be calculated that condi.
tionS before 1900 were some
what different from those at
present, owing to the accumu-
lation' of extraneous particles
in the atmosphere from fac
tory chimneys and from au.
tomobile and airplane ex-
hausts. The industrial age also
has produced shifts in hu.
man populations which also,
through redistribution Of at
mospheric debris, may have
somewhat affected the weather.
Calculations based on the
cycles within cycles naturally
are extremely complicated.
Short cycles overlap with long
cycles, and vice versa. But in
the long cycles of 273 months,
DR.. Abbot holds, it reasonably
can be expected that major
weather patterns will repeat
themselves.
This period Is like a year Of
the geological ages. DR.. Abbot
cites evidence, for example,
that glacial advances and re-
treats are intimately associ-
ated with it. 1t is related also
to the magnetic period of the
sun and to electrical pfe-
nomena in the earth's atmos-
phere. =
DR.. Abbot'S paper cites one
observation of the human
pulse for 1000 consecutive
days in which a 212-day pc
Rod was found. This is con-
tanned in the 273-month be.
riod.
The weather cycles cited, 1t
is stressed, can be derived In
dependently from weather fec
ords without any reference to
anything happening on the |
sun. ao.l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-13
They Look Exucty Like Modern Republicans to Mey
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used u
letters carry Wrtters' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
SGti0n.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-13
Questions and Answers

A reader can get en- answer py mail
70 any factual question by writine The
Evening star Information Bureau,
loo Eve 81 N W Washington 3. D c.
Please lnclose 3 cents Tor rsturn
, 1957-12-04
NOTICE re CREDITORS

Please take notice that the undersigned has been ap
pointed Administrator in the above entitled estate. All credit
os are hereby directed to present their claims with prope
vouchers within six () months from date hereof. Person
indebted to the said estate are required to make paymen
within the said time. Persons claiming to be next of XII
shall file their proof e of heirship with the undersigned or wit
the Clerk of the District Court within the aforesaid period.
Dated: November 10, 1857.
W Henry E. Rohlsen
3 ~ ~ kR Administrator
20-27-4-11
, 1957-12-04
SOUTH AFRICA'S PLIGHT
A GROUP OF distinguished citizens Of

A GROUP OF distinguished citizens OF New YORK
will take part in a Freedom Rally on December H. LOT
the purpose of protesting the continued brutal ana com
pletelv totalitarian acts of the government OF ooutn
Africa in its apartheid, or racial separation, practlces'
Among these citizens will be Mrs. Franklin D.Roosevet,
Senator Jacob Javits, Roy Wilkins, executive secretary
Of the NAACP. and the Very Rev. James A.. Pike.
CONTRARY TO THE policy Of the Government OF
the United States, which is to assure freedom anu
guarantee the constitutions! rights of all citizens re-
CARELESS Of race, color. or religion, the government OF
the Union of South Africa has made it a policy not only
to force separation, but to brutally punish the natives
for little or no other reason than that they are native
Africans. $50 Va ~ 4. "".a Ff.
SEVERAL HUNDRED laws have been passed,
among them the forbidding of any joint worship. 1t IS a
crime for Africans to pray in the same churcn Win
Europeans" Any African found in certain parts OF the
CITY are severely punished, and great compounds
abound outside the larger cities where the most deplor-
able living conditions may be found. The natives work
in the cities in the day, and must report to the COM
hounds before dark. Anyone found even attempting to
leave is severely punished.
SOMEHOW, ONE wonders what the outcome will
he That one-fourth of the population should exercise
such stern measures against the other four-fifths is not
onlv cruel and inhuman but beyond all description. II
the proponents of apartheid fear that the fourIhfths will
rise IN. then the rulers are working hard to bring about
the very situation which they foolshly believe they are
preventing.
IS HOPED that the moral force of the civilized
world will be brought to bear against this horrible sltua-
ton. and that South Africa will soon awake to the awful
consequences which they are working 50 hard to bring
, 1957-12-04
= Orr 81. Urntx Auta :: ::
cnAnsros or public arour AND 'UsrIcr -

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Entered as Second Glass matter May 20, 1917 at the Post Office at
Christanstsed, ST. Croixs " /, under the Act Of March s 1897
VOL 113 WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1857 NO. 266
, 1957-12-04

upon themselves. To say this is not to advocate violence,
but it is absolutely impossible to believe that these con-
ditions can continue indefinitely.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-11
Boil Club Blues

1t seems as though the fol-
lowers Of Washington baseball
have had another foul ball
batted in their general direc-
ton. Chuck Dresser has been
fired. or elevated. and we now
have a new manager. What
this will achieve is something
Of a mystery: we still have the
same old spawned horses, SINH
lar managerial talent, and that
good old family control. Maybe
Cal Grifith fired the wrong
man.
After all, our ball club Is in
the entertainment business
and dependent--to an extent
upon the ability Of its pat
rons to absorb pleasure or
punishment from It's exhibi-
tons. To date. there has been
all too much Of the latter. Long
ago the theatrical world woke
up to the fact that you must
put a decent show on the road
II you expect to cash In at the
box office. Unfortunately our
producers have adopted an at
titude Of support us-or else, I"
and the supporters are staying
away In droves.
washington is q good base
ball town and will support q
team. but II likes to get q run
for It's money. Perhaps Cal
should pick up his marbles and
90 elsewhere. Anybody for
tennis?
Angus Sinclair.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-11
Poor Postal Service

On my way to work I stopped
OF at Seventh and r streets
NV. at $40 am. to mail q
package, and as I was walk
ing up the steps Of the F
street station. to my great
surprise and chagrin, / found
that the substation OF the
United States Post Once
Department located in the
National Capital did not
open until $50 am. For
twelve minutes ! stood and
counted twenty-one people
who made an attempt to enter
this substation.
/ am sixty years Of age and
never In my adult lifetime
can / recall such poor service
to the public as is now offered
by the Post once Department.
1t is unbelievable that the r
street station, located at q
point where thousands Of Fed
eral employees and other people
must pass on the way to work.
Is not open for any service
until $3.50 am. How long will
the public stand for this type
of poor service in the greatest
country In the world?
Thomas G. Walters,
Operations Director,
GEC/AFT-CIO.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-11
STRENGTHENING Fornoso

The Air Force Matador unit to be sent
to Formosa should add appreciably to
the defensive power Of the Chinese Ma
tionalist stronghold. For the units guided
missiles, which can carry either conven-
tional or nuclear warheads, are formi-
dable things capable Of swift, accurate
and devastating strikes against targets
several hundred miles away.
Needless to say, Red China can be
expected to rail against this move quite
as much as Red Russia has rallied against
the stationing of similar American units
In free Europe. But neither our own nor
the Chang Kai-shek government need
offer any excuses or apologies for their
agreement on the matter. After all, rs
our embassy In Taipei has emphasized,
the Matadors will be poised IN Fcrmcsa
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-11

! must take issue with one
judgment expressed by the
able Miss Doris Fleeson in her
column Of May s on Senator
Mccarthy. In questioning
whether the Wisconsin Sena-
tor could be said to symbolic
anticommunism. she said he
could not because labor" had
killed this menace OF.
As a friend Of labor. who also
respected Senator Mccarthy,
! must disagree.
In expelling II Communist
led unions. says Miss Fleeson,
labor dealt the influence Of
Communist conspiracy a
death blow" that deprived IL
Of money. organization, and
the cover Of respectable pur-
pose
With that statement, I am
sure, the AFL-CIO leadership,
the National Labor Relations
Board and the Subversive Ac-
tivities Control Board would
also disagree.
In casting out the Com
munist-led unions. organized
labor doubtless did rid itself
Of the cancer but neither labor
nor the law has yet cleansed
the country Of 1t. Most of the
expelled unions still flourish.
no doubt to the disgust Of
decent. patriotic labor, but
flourish they do. -
Lee II. Pennington,
Assistant Director, National
Americanism Commission,
American (legion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-11
Foster Homes Needed

This is in reply to Foster
Mother" whose letter appeared
in the April 10 issue OF The
Star.
The writer spoke of "our
tax law" that has closed many
good foster homes. We would
like to have Foster Mother"
know. and any prospective
foster parents to know, that
the United States Internal
Revenue Bureau no longer re-
quires Federal income tax pay
ments on the money which is
paid by an agency for the
board and care Of a child in a
foster boarding home.
Despite the change in the
regulation by the Internal
Revenue Bureau. the public
agency continues to be in need
Of good foster homes. Many
fine families are helping us to
give an opportunity for a
secure family life to hundreds
OF children under our care
but many more families are
needed.
We'd like to express our APP
probation to Foster Mother
for her expression Of regard
for the people working in
welfare agencies. 1t is good to
know that our efforts in behalf
Of the public welfare Of chill
dren do not go unnoticed.
mrs. Alice r. Smith,
Superintendent, Child
Welfare Division, D. C.
Department. Of Public
Welfare.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-11
ShepiIov's New Role

Ever since retiring from his short
lived experience as Soviet Foreign Min
lister, Dmitri Shepilov has been busily
defining the post-Stalin party line for
painters, writer's, musicians and other
members of the intelligentsia Of the
USSR. Indeed, according to some outside
observers who have been following his
career with special interest, he appears
to have become the top arbiter of Rus
sia's intellectual and artistic standards.
The latest evidence along this line
is Mr.. Shepilov's recent Endorsement Of
such major Russian composers as Dmitri
Shostakovich and Sergei Prokofiev. Back
In 1913, In Stains time, the works Of
these men were assailed by the Commu-
mist Central Committee in Moscow as
and antidemocratic tendencies" reeking
strongly of the odor of the contemporary
bourgeois music of Europe and America.
which reflects the decay Of bourgeois
culture" But now, almost ten years later,
that harsh indictment has been greatly
softened by Mr.. Shepilov. Although as
serting that the heretofore condemned
masters may have been guilty Of some
Theological errors" he has heaped words
of praise on them for their contribution
to the USSR's music, and at the same
time he has denounced their severest
Soviet critics
There may be little significance in
this, of course, but 1t at least amounts
to an indication that a degree Of de-
Stalinization is still going on inside Rus
STA. If so, then that Is all to the good,
and the more Of 1t the better. AS for
Mr. Shepilov himself. one wonders wheth-
er he is happier in his new role as ideo-
logical and cultural bigwig than he was
as foreign minister. In some ways, 1t
would seem that he has reason to be.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-11
UpheovoI in Colombia

Colombia. which was once q tranquil
land regarded as one Of Latin Americas
most advanced democracies, has been tor
mented with recurrent violence and civil
strife ever since the mid-l940s Four
years ago, when General Gustavo Rojas
Pinilla staged his bloodless coup, the
country felt great surge of hope that
he would restore internal peace, end re-
preston and usher in a good new political
and economic era. And for a while, after
he had become President, he spoke and
acted as leader genuinely interested in
doing the right thing, and he was much
admired by the people for his fine work
as commander of the Colombian troops
who fought against the Communists in
Korea.
But then, beginning around 1855,
General RojaS, as If suffering from the
corrupting influence Of personal power,
started to display number Of dictatorial
tendencies. Angered by press criticism,
for example. he imposed drastic censor.
ship upon all the newspapers Of Colombia,
and he proceeded from there, step by step,
toward more and more deSpotiSm. With
ever-increaSing holiness, he paraded
himself as "the indispensable man." and
when it became clear recently that he
intended to have his puppet Constituent
Assembly name him again to the presi-
dency, violence erupted throughout the
country, whose constitution DEGREES that
President must be chosen by popular
election and cannot succeed himself.
Finally, when the Assembly openly defied
this constitutional provision by voting
to retain him In ONCE, the fat was in the
FIRE, and he was faced with the makings
Of nationwide rebellion Bankers went
on strike. Big business leaders went on
strike. Little shopkeepers went on strike.
Tens Of thousands of rank and file work.
erS went on strike. And the Catholic
hierarchy Of this overwhelmingly Cath
Ollie land publicly condemned his regime
for committing murder" and "sacrilege"
while attempting to suppress the demon
STATIONS Of an outraged citizenry.
So General Rojas, with the great
majority Of his countrymen apparently
opposed to him, now has fallen. Events
having gone beyond his control, he has
turned over the government to military
junta, and this junta, he has announced,
Is charged with "the mission Of calling
popular elections" to choose his successor
by constitutional means. Judging from
all reports out of Colombia, the people
are jubilant But what remains to be seen
Is whether their political parties-chiefly
the Conservatives and the Liberals will
be able to make the most of the present
opportunity and re-establish the internal
stability that the country so desperately
needs. At the moment, our inter-
American community can do little more
than hope for the best on that score.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-11
Young DeIinquents

A Senate subcommittee which has
spent four years studying the problem
of juvenile delinquency has found that
there Is no substance to three assump-
tons which have become almost axio-
matte in this field. 1t is not true, says
the committee, that delinquency can
ICED recreation, poor housing or low eco
nomic status. And in some respects the
report suggests that the opposite is true.
If this is correct, a good many people
who have been devoting their time to this
problem will have to make fresh start.
For the belief that these were significant
factors in delinquency has been widely
held, and much time and money has
been directed into what the report de-
scribes as elaborate and costly" pro-
grams based upon these "fallacies."
On the whole, however, the conclu-
sions of the investigators are rather hope
full. The report warns that II the rate
of delinquency continues more than l
million children will appear before the
courts In 1865. But the subcommittee be-
lieves that Increased awareness of the
problem plus preventive and treatment
measures taken by Federal, State and
local governments might affect the cur
rent trend" In fact, the report said,
"over the next three to flve years, when
the programs being instituted this year
are in full operation, the Nation should
show tremendous improvement in its
juvenile delinquency rate :"
subcommittee presumably feels is in proc
ess Of being met. consists Of making
adequate provision to assure that the
services Of psychiatfists, psychologists and
social workers are available to youth In
and out Of school. It also stresses the
Importance of increasingly effective fam
lily social work, and comes up with what
may be It's most tangible conclusion
namely, that better children can come
only from better parents"