davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1957-12-16

have no evidence one way or
the other"
Gov. Collins has attracted
Nationwide attention with
statements on the problem
made in a number Of speeches.
He said In his inaugural ad-
dress. for example:
1T is little short OF rebellion
and anarchy to suggest that
any State can isolate and quar-
antine itself against the effect
Of the decision Of the United
States Supreme Court.
I'VE can find wise solutions.
I believe, II the white citizens
will face up to the fact that
the Negro does not nov have
equal opportunities; that he is
morally and legally entitled to
progress more rapidly. and that
full good-faith effort shouls
be made forthwith TO help him
forward in the improvement Of
all his standards "
Gov Collins also said, how
ever:
Because of these Estate,
laws and because of conditions
in com munities throughout
Florida. / continue to say that
our traditions and customs Of
segregation in the public
schools can be expected to pre-
vail for the foreseeable future"
Editorials 81 Favorable
These and other pronounce
ments brought editorials in
newspapers around the Nation.
Gov. Collins said his mail re-
fiected some extremist bitter
ness. but that ats been run
ming about 2-l on the favor
able side"
In the interview. he outlined
his position in these words.
Il have taken no affirmative
steps as Governor to seek the
integration of our public schools
because such a course, in my
judgment. would not be in the
public interest or in line with
my duties and responsibilities.
Under our laws. the admission
Of pupils TO our public schools
is a local responsibility.
Furthermore. the decisions
Of the Supreme Court do not
ipso facto require integrated
schools. They deal with indi-
vidual rights TO be adjusted
under local circumstances. pre-
sumably with due regard to
other rights and conditions"
Some Southern newspapers
have demanded that Gov. Col
Inns stand up and be counted"
Gov. Collins said:
MY statements have dealt
Evening star., 1957-12-16


United States Is ahead in the
| 500 TO 1000 mile range.
He said that in the hands Of
the Russians a 9OO-mile range
missile would be as adequate as
a $500 10 2.000-mile missile in
the hands Of the free world
they could do the same job
with the shorter range missile
His reference apparently was
to the probable location of
NATO missile bases much far
ther back from the East-West
frontier than Soviet bases.
One of the first reactions 10
the development of balltstic
missiles. Mr.. Nixon said. was
the impression that the
manned bomber force could be
phGSed out. He then warned
that IAN initial operat:onal ca
pability in missiles" does not
mean existing weapons systems
can be Immediately replaced.
Evening star., 1957-12-16
Senators Place
Science Pupils
Aid on Aqenda
~ the Associated ptsss

The Senate Preparedness
Subcommittee viii take up the
question OF Federal subsidies
for scientific education before
1t ends its inquiry into the mis-
siles program.
This was disclosed BY SEN
ator Lyndoh b. johnson.
Democrat Of Texas. the sub
committee chairman.
Senator Johnson. who also Is
the Senate Demoeratic Leader.
already has said publicly he
believes some form Of Federal
aid should be made available
for training scientists needed
in the defense program.
He told reporters that when
the subcommittee sits down to
write a report on It's investi-
CATION OF the missile and sat-
elite programs he will ask
Chairman Hill. Democrat Of
Alabama. OF the Senate Labor
and Welfare Committee to sit
in on discussions OF education
al problems.
I'VE expect to turn over to
the Labor Committee the Job
of acting as II sect fit on a
scientific educational program
after it has had the benefit Of
our inquiries into this matter, :"
+ he said.
Although he has not COM
mitted himself publicly for any
particular program. Senator
johnson is understood TO be
thinking in terms Of legislation
which would parallel that under
which agricultural vocational
teachers have been trained.
4 Associates said Il was the
/ Democratic leaders belief that
I II the Federal Government can
contribute without controversy
toward farm vocational educa-
ton II can make similar con-
tributions In the scientific field.
The preparedness subcommit-
tee has received testimony that
the United States is tagging be-
hind Russia In production Of
trained engineers and scien-
fists. Russian high school
training in mathematics and
sciences was pictured as far
superior to that In the United
States.
Evening star., 1957-12-16

with basic principals. rejecting
my own basic attidues and
thinking Of long tanding, and
have been calculated to en-
courage our people TO develop
a sound and constructive
attitude, based upon calm
thought and understanding.
Il think prevailing sentiment
does not sanction violence or
defiance. In large measure, it
disputes the correctness of the
decisions Of the United States
Supreme Court but still
holds steadfast to the PROPOSE
tion that the court has the
power and authority to inter-
pret the law Of the land.
Il have tried to avoid state
ments and actions which might
stimulate hasty. i'll considered
public reaction"
Like other Southern observ-
efs. Gov. Collins depIored the
breakdown Of communications
between white and Negro
leaders. Nothing can be
worked out unless people Of
both races are in communica-
ton" he said.
Public Opinion Big Factor
! But ultimately. he continued.
public opinion must be the
primary factor in solving the
problem.
"It Is the American nature
TO resist force and coercion, Z"
he said. There must be public
acceptance Of a course of ac-
ton before such can be taken
in this or any other field in
volving deep-seated emotions. "
! Gov. Hodges said he believed
party politics is involved in
not only the matter OF deseg-
regating the schools but in
other racial issues as well.
Il think the civil rights bill
Evening star., 1957-12-16

newSmen on the subject OF
missiles and satellites.
The Vice President said the
initial reaction to Russia s
sputnik launchings was divided
between great pesSimism" OIL
one side and "the feeling that
We could go along as usual
on the other. He said what is
needed is "a good dose Of
realism"
The question Of increased
defense spending has arisen,
Mr.. Nixon said. adding that
I'VE can spend all we need to
spend for national defense"
but we should spend only as
national defense needs indicate.
IF we give blank checks. We
can wind up with rubber
checks" the vice president said.
He said he recently read an
article saying the Russians are
ahead in missiles with a range
to 900 to 1000 miles while the
Evening star., 1957-12-16
Continued Prom First Page


man of the insurance company.
said ''the John Hancock Mutual
Life Co. welcomes the oppor-
tunity to participate in this
important project in the Ma
tons Capital.
"A vigorous urban renewal
PROGRAM is essential 20 stabilize
and recapture sound values and
good living in the inner city.
This dramatic project on the
doorstep OF the Capitol de-
serves the support of everyone
We are glad to have a part in
it."
Assures Future Financing
+ His statement was read by
Vice Admiral John l.. McCrea.
retired, vice president in charge
of personnel for the Boston
Insurance Company. Mr.. Gar
rett. who is President Eisen-
hower's expediter for the
Southwest redevelopment prof.
ect. said the financing by John
Hancock paves the way for pri-
vate financing of future con-
struction. He added that II
demonstrates that those en-
gagged in such redevelopments
do not have to go to the Gov
ernment for loans.
Mr.. Garrett explained that
it had been feared that rede-
velopers might have to fall back
on the Federal Government for
their financing because Of the
tight mortgage money situa-
ton.
AT this point" he continued.
John Remon. the head Of the
Redevelopment Land Agency,
suggested that an effort be
made to enlist civil aid in find-
ing a private money-lender.
He recommended in particular
that the assistance of the Fed
eral City Council be sought for
this .purpose
1T was emphasized that the
council was uniquely qualified
to undertake such a task. II is
"a small. hard-hitting action
group. 1t operates quietly, 1t
is non-partisan and non-polit-
ical. Most important. the coun-
ellis major purpose is to organ
ize effective business leadership
TO carry out major projects
such as Area B."
Helped Arrange Loan
As president Of the council
Mr.. Garrett undertook TO help
arrange a loan with the John
Hancock Co. He met with Mr..
Clark, the John Hancock Co.
board chairman, and discussed
the project and President Ell
senhower's interest in 1t. He
then met with the company's
board in Boston on November
26 and the loan was approved
that day.
/ Mr.. Garrett stressed the
benefits arising from the
project and said 1t will in
1 crease the city's annual tax
revenue by about eight times
the sum the property affected
formerly produced.
The architects for the struc-
ture TO be erected are Nicholas
Satterlee and Cloetheil Smith.
The houses and apartments
will have their own private
garden spaces. Recreational
facilities and off-street park
ing are part OF the general
plan. The general contractors
will be Hegeman-Harris Co.,
Inc. headed by Royce Ward.
II has been announced that
the Riggs National Bank and
perhaps other banks also will
make a construction loan on
the project against the mort
gage. This construction loan
would then be repaid as the in
surance company loan Is
drawn against.
The buildings will be erected
on land leased for 90 years
from the District Of Columbia
Redevelopment Land Agency
owner Of the tracts,
4
Evening star., 1957-12-16

discussion Of space conquest
He continued:
The missiles must be built
as soon as possible. They are
the most destructive weapon
Immediately foreseeable.
But sober. responsible mer
with solid records of achieve
ment are already looking be-
yond the missile to the issue
OF controlling outer space itself
And they expect to see step:
taken in that direction during
their lifetime. There is no sim
pier solution TO this question
But it is obvious that control
iof the exploration OF outer
space must be lodged in ar
agency where 1t will be given
very serious attention.
There are conflicting view:
as TO where this agency should
be and how much authority II
should have. 1t will take time
to resolve those views. but a
decision cannot be withheld in
definitely.
practical Reality"
I'VE have left the period in
which the idea OF going 10 the
moon is a product OF wishful
thinking. II is q practical real
ity which is rapidly drawing
near. DR.. Teller (Dr. Edward
Teller, developer Of the hydro
gen bomb and DR.. Won Braun
cannot be considered impracti-
cal visicnaries. They are mer
of vision who have ALREADY
proven that they are capable Of
achievement.
we must begin as soon a;
possible the practical work that
is designed to get us to the
moon first, We are a few step;
behind IN the race already anc
someone is going to have to take
over direction so we can skip q
few steps and overtake oul
competitor"
Evening star., 1957-12-16
WEAPONS
Continued Prom First Pas

EQnfinucd Prom First Page
which we know them to be
ahead. s
The Assistant Navy secre-
tary told the committee that a
pooling OF American talent with
that Of Western Europe would
help both our missile and sa-
tellite programs,
Under questioning Mr.. Nor
ton. a former assistant secre-
tary Of state IN the Truman ad-
ministration, said that he Is
not sat!shed with the admin
istrative setup at the Pentagon
for handling missile programs
But he did not state in detail
how he would change things.
Questioned on Gavin
Senator Bush. Republican OF
Connecticut. asked Mr.. Norton
TO comment on Gen. Gavin'S
suggestion that the Joint chiefs
OF staff be abolished and a new
unified command Of senior mil
itary officers be created in It's
place.
Il read Gen. Gavin's state
ment with great care. but
was frankly unable to see just
what he was proposing and
what good 1t would do" the
witness replied.
Neither Committee Council
Edwin L. Weisel nor Gen. Me-
caul made reference to the
fact that the same statement
had been made a long time
ago by President Eisenhower.
Answering Mr.. WeiSls ques-
ton whether he agreed with
Gen. Gavin. Gen. McCaul said
Close support Weapons
mo. sir. We can't believe
in the limited war theory and
give complete credence TO the
concept that We would use
atomic weapons in altconfiicts
i believe atomic weapons are
in a different category as far
as limited war is concerned"
Gen. McCaul said the Ma
rines. who do not have a re-
search branch Of their own
are concentrating on the per-
lection of missiles for close
support-for ranges up to 2C
miles
Under sharp questioning by
Senator johnson. Gen. McCaul
agreed that the Marines would
like weapons Of greater range
He pointed out. however, thai
the Marines feel present mis-
siles Of 100 to400 mile capabin.
ties lack the mobility the
Leathernecks require.
Statements by Gen. Gavin
and Army Mai. Gen. John B
Maderis about the high degree
Of mobility of the Armys It's
mile Redstone Missile were
challenged by Gen. McCault.
You can't drag one of those
across a beach, Gen. McCaul
said.
Senator johnson commented
that I'VE will not assure the
security Of our country merely
by building missiles" in hi:
Evening star., 1957-12-16

RsImon MORN. Fulhrer prize winning
correspondent who covered the
Little Rock ssosy. hos been touring
the South. He obtained exclusive
interviews with Cows. Hodges oi
North Carolina and Collins OI
Florido. considered "moderstes" ia
the iaiesretioh issue. Here ore
their comments on the roeioI
problem.
Evening star., 1957-12-16

and Gov. Luther Hodges OF
North Carolina.
In separate interviews. they
! listed as primary results Of the
dangerous development al
Little Rock:
/. Serious damage to the
lines OF communication that
existed before between white
and Negro leaders.
?. A hardening Of feeling in
both races.
3. The fact that erstwhile
MISUNDERSTANDING people have
been driven into the side OF
the extremists. or silenced
entirely.
On Comprpmise GrQAp
Gov. Hodges and Gov. Col.
Inns. along with Gov. Frank
Clement Of Tennessee. com.
prised the committee oI
Southern Governors who hac
tried 70 work out q compromise
last October. between the White
House and Gov. Orval Faubu'
OF Arkansas. At the 10th hour
apparently close to success. thu
efforts failed.
! President Eisenhower sent
elements Of the l0lSt Airborne
Division to Little Rock in lats
September when rioting broke
out around Central High
School Nine Negro children
entered the school. but were
withdrawn a few hours later
because Of the disturbances.
Arkansas National Guards
men, under Federal authority
have since replaced the para
troops.
The display OF raw military
force" Gov. Collins said. was
a grave and grievous mistake. -
! "Little Rock created a more
difficult race relations problem
than we had before" Gov
Hodges said. AT the moment,
l don't see any light ahead" "
This correspondent. travel
ing through North and South
Carolina. Southern Georgia and
Northern Florida. found a re-
markable unsnimity OF opinion
namely. bitterness-from the
man on the street.
In Columbia. S. c., Gov
George Bell Zimmerman de-
clined to see this reporter. Nc
reason was given. However, the
head Of a special legislative
committee studying segrega-
ton problems. State Senator l.
M. Gressette. said. Little Rock
made our position much
stronger than before. We're
not ready for integration and
l don't know if we'll ever be
ready for it."
Throughout this area. as in
other States. new laws are be-
ing considered designed TO pre-
serve segregation. either by pu-
pill assignment, or through sc-
tual closing of the schools.
Speaking of North Carolina 4
pupil placement law. Gov
Hodges said. I'm hopeful II
will hold the. situation. but
Evening star., 1957-12-16
2 Southern Leaders Call
Integrutio Outlook Dim
BY RELMAN NORM
Associated Press Writer

ATLANTA. Ga. Dec l6-Little Rock set back the clock
and the outlook today for peaceful evolution Of relations
in the United States looks dark and gloomy
This is the consensus Of two Southern Governors both
considered moderaes in the great struggle ntegrang
the public schools They Gov Leroy Collins Of Florida
Evening star., 1957-12-16
MISSILES
Continued From First Page

OUutluucu EEOm EHSt EaBC
launching point. Its average
speed Is 10000 miles an hour.
In q test launching. however.
the main purpose is to check
the functioning of the various
parts. The missile may be pre-
set for q lesser altitude and q
shorter range. for better OBJ
stryation Of its flight.
The Atlas Is in production
near San Diego, Calf. by the
Convair Astronautics Division
gof the General Dynamics Corp.
"A "backup" intercontinental
ballistic missile. the Titan. is
being built by the Martin Co..
at Denver. Colo, but probably
viii not be ready for testing
before mid-1958.
Although construction details
are secret, the Atlas is believed
to be about 20 feet long and
Ga feet in diameter and to
weigh some 100 tons at takeof.
II consists Of three stages
and is powered by three rocket
engines built by the Rocket
dyne Division Of North Ameri-
can Aviation. Inc. Rocketdyne
also builds engines for the Air
Force Thor intermediate range
missile and for the Army Jupi-
ter and Redstone missiles.
The main Atlas engine is be-
lieved to have a thrust Of
l3S.000 pounds and the two
booster engines are estimated
at 100000 pounds thrust each.
The fuel consists Of kerosene
mixed with liquid oxygen.
The Atlas uses q complex
ground : based radio inertial
guidance system and has iner-
tial gyroscope elements aboard
TO keep 1t on course during any
temporary loss Of ground guild
ance.
This equipment is manufac-
tured by the missile section Of
the Heavy Military Electronic
Equipment Department of the
General Electric Co. Linked
with the guidance system is a
computer manufactured by the
Burroughs Corp.
Nose Cone Built by G-E
General Electric-the Missile
and Ordnance Systems Depart
ment-also builds the nose cone
or warhead-the pay load
Of the Atlas. In the operational
missile that is used in combat.
the nose cone contains among
other things. an atomic war
head and provision for arming
and fusing.
The Atlas requires electric
power to operate its guidance
and control systems. The mis-
sile's accessory power supply
equipment is built by Ameri-
can Machine a. Foundry Corp.
After its initial vertical climb
the missile goes into a pro-
grammed" turn toward the
target. II Is during this turn
that the guidance system be-
gins TO function and continues
TO do 30 until the desired al
titude. speed and angle are at
tanned.
At the precise moment a sig
nal cuts Of the propulsive
power. When power is no
longer available. less than 10
minutes after takeoff, the mis-
sile goes into It's free fight or
ballistic trajectory. and can no
longer be influenced, guided
or controlled.
The guidance system OF the
Atlas regulates the position and
velocity OF the center OF the
vehicles mass during powered
fight. in order 70 establish a
satisfactory trajectory before
the engine thrust is cut of.
It's control system maintains
stability during the powered
flight. prevents undesirable re-
sponses 10 overriding guidance
signals. and corrects deflectlons
caused by winds, gusts and
other disturbances.
-.
Evening star., 1957-12-16
Nixon Denies U. S. Loss
Of Military Advantage

Vice President Nixon said today the United States~haS
not lost the overall military advantage which have
toyed, do enjoy and will continue to enjoy for some
time in the future"
Mr.. Nixon the opening speaker at seminar held by
the Air Force Association for several hundred Washington
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-08
Young Democrats
Will Meet Here
On March 22-24

Young Democrats from every
State will gather in Washington
March % for a three-day meet
ing. Highlight of the conference
will be 25th anniversary dinner
Saturday, March %, at the May
flower Hotel.
Representative John Dingell
of Michigan, the youngest men,
Der Of Congress, will be toast
master, it was announced today
by Stanley Bregman, dinner
chairman.
Speakers at the dinner will in
clude Senators Humphrey of
Minnesota. Long Of Louisiana
and Jackson of Washington,
Representative Frank Coffin of
Maine. Democratic National
Chairman Paul M. Butler, Mrs.
Katie Louchheim, vice chairman
Iof the Democratic National
Committee, and David Bum, ma
tional president Of the Young
Democrats.
Senator Kefauver of Tennes-
see. Democratic vice presidential
candidate last year, will be key
note speaker.
The Young Democratic Clubs
of America was founded here a
quarter century ago. 1t was the
first official youth organization
of a major political party.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-08
Woman Kidnoper
Is Offered Babies

HALIFAX. England, Mar. 8
(PJ.-Mrs. Doreen Harris, who
told police she stole l6-day-old
baby because she could not have
children of her own. has re-
ceived letters from 10 mothers
offering her theirs.
Police disclosed the letters yes
terday as Mrs. Harris. %, was
brought into court with her hus-
band, John, 30. for a pretrial
hearing on the baby stealing
charge. The infant, Jane Hard
castle. was recovered by police
after a two-day search last week
end.
Police said one of the letters
offering Mrs. Harris a baby came
from a woman with four chill
dren. She said Mrs. Harris could
have any one Of the four. An
other came from a woman who
offered the baby she expects to
have next month.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-08

martial in this latest furry Of
maltreatment charges.
Pvt Porter's father. Nelson r.
Porter, claimed publicly he had
a letter from his son complaining
he had been nit with an iron
bar.
In his testimony yesterday
Pvt. Porter said he had been
struck twice by Corpl. Walsh
while kneeling before a locker.
He suffered a minor scalp abra-
sion. the recruit said.
Under cross-examination by
Mr.. Shields, the youth acknowl-
edged he had told conflicting
stories on the injury. He said
he may have told people he was
hit by a lead pipe. and thought
he told othres he was hit by
something metallic" He also
said he had told some fellow
recruits he stumbled over a bunk
and hit his head.
Earlier, Mr.. Shields had sought
either a change of venue or a
dismissal of the case. Mr.. Shields
argued Corpl. Walsh could not
receive a fair trial on this base
because Brig. Gen. Wallace M
Greene. chief of the Recruit
Training Command. made re-
marks expressing an opinion on
the guilt Of the accused.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-08
Morse in Chicago,
Hits Beck Failure
To Face HEARING

CHICAGO. Mar. 8 (R.-Sen-
ator Morse. Democrat of Oregon
yesterday criticized Dave Beck
president Of the Teamsters
Union. for not appearing before
a Senate subcommittee investi-
eating labor racketeering.
II think it is unfortunate
Dave Beck is in Europe" Sen
ator Morse told a news confer
ence. He ought to be before
the committee. He owes it to
the rank and file of the team
sters. / don't think any union
leader charged with wrongdoing
should hesitate to appear before
a congressional committee.
Mr.. Beck went to Europe late
last month on his third trip
there this year. He said the trip
was caused by union business
He said he would return to the
United States later this month
to appear before the committee
Senator Morse. who was here
TO address the newly-merged
United Paper Makers and Paper
Workers Union. said the Senate
subcommittee also should probe
employer racketeering."
Labor racketeering." he said
could not exist without collu-
sion between certain labor
leaders and certain employers OF
employer groups"