davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-10-25
Idaho Power Circulating
Anti-HeNs Canyon Petition

WASHINGTON, d. C.-(NRECA)
Rep. Oracle Pfost (Idaho) recent
ly predicted the second session of
the 85th Congress will bring a bar
rage of petitions opposing federal
Hells Canyon project in Idaho, the
state that would most benefit and
most needs the high federal project.
The lady from Idaho inserted a
long list of letters in the Congress
sional Record to back up her charge
that in Idaho the petition, in the
disguise of a "voice of democracy"
has become "the tool of a private
power company engaged in a gigantic
(propaganda) drive. The letters in
dictate coercion is being used to OBJ
tain signatures.
Mrs. Post predicted, g. these
petitions will eventually appear some
where in ashington-either in a
House committee or on the floor
as bona fide evidence that there is
overwhelming opposition to the high
dam in Idaho"
Excerpts from letters to Mrs. Pfost
ran along the following lines
From Cambridge, Idaho: "Yester-
day, when we heard that the Idaho
Power Co. had petition out, getting
people to sign against federal high
dam in Hells Canyon, we started a
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-10-25
SURVIVED IN DESERT

The desert west of Great Salt Lake
once supported 10000 Indians. The
aborigines had no agriculture, irriga-
ton, cattle or advanced tools, but
they managed to survive chiefly on
wild seeds, roots, and nuts, the Ma
tional Geographic Society says.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-10-25
By AL TOFFLER
Special to PEOPLES VOICE

WASHINGTON, D. C.-Tobaccc
industrialists are sure they can
weather the storm created by recent
charges that cigarette smoking may
induce cancer.
Their supreme confidence is based
on the knowledge that the smoking
habit is thoroughly ingrained in mil
lions. But it is also based on what
they know of their own resilient,
tough-fisted industry and it's eco
Monies.
Twice in its history the industry
has taken a walloping from the Unit
ed States government because of
monopoly practices. Each time it has
come up off the canvas with new
haymaker.
Prior to 1911 there existed what the
muchrakers used to call the tobacco
trust. All but a handful of small
time manufacturers worked hand in
glove turning out such now extinct
brands as Hassans, Sweet Caporal,
Imperiales, Home Runs, Turkish
Trophies and Egyptian Deities.
The government cracked down in
1911, forcing dissolution of the
Individual brands were d.
vided up among the member compa-
mics. At this time cigarettes consumed
only six per cent of tobacco produc-
ton. Snuff, chew and pipe tobacco
were much more important. Gradual
ly this relationship was reversed. One
Of the things that helped reverse it
was the introduction by the r. J.
Reynolds Tobacco Co. of new type
cigarette. Made mainly of hurley to-
oacco, Camels swept the cigarette
market. By 1919 it represented 40 per
cent of all cigarette sales. A new era
vas on its way.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-10-25
WEAPON AGAINST RIVALS

At all times each of the "Big
Three" produced over two times the
output of the largest outsider. By
1889, the net worth of the three had
beloved up to 1851, 100000, with
profits Gaping $75,000,0O0.
By this time, too, advertising had
become, in the august words of the
United States Supreme Court, "a pow
erful offensive and defensive weapon
against new competition" in the in
dustry.
This entrenched industrial power
was challenged again on July "a,
1910 when suit was filed in federal
court. Eight corporations, their sub
salaries and certain officers were
hit with four counts Of conspiracy
to restrain trade in violation of the
anti-monopoly laws.
The case wendell it's devious way
up to the Supreme Court. But finally,
in December 1914, the decision was
issued. 1t upheld the conviction of
the companies and the fines. The rul-
ing includes thumbnail history of
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-10-25
LAND OF OPPORTUNITY

The result was, according to the
Supreme Court, that even in 1881,
when farmers were given less for
their tobacco crop than at any time
since 1905, Reynolds, without notify
ing either the trade or the public,
boosted it's price of Camels by 45
cents a thousand. The very same day,
American Tobacco followed suit with
its Lucky Strikes; and Liggett and
Myers did likewise with Chesterfields.
president frankly said it
was an opportunity to make some
The court also detailed the threats
and penalties which the companies
used against wholesalers and retail
ers to force out the competition of
the minor companies. .
AS result of it all, fines of $780,
300 were levied against the defend
ants in the case.
Yet within the last few years the
industry once again offered evidence
hat the same tough price leadership
pattern was still in existence. The
has become famous.
A few years back Liggett had the
emerity to announce a price rise all
III its own. Had the announcement
.ome from American or Reynolds all
he elephants in the industry would
lave dutifully linked tails and toed |
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-10-25
"FRIENDLY" AGREEMENTS

Camels gave Reynolds its place
among the top few companies, and
although the brands competed fierce
ly for public favor, the companies
developed informal arrangements de-
signed to keep the price of raw tobac-
co down and to keep the retail price
of cigarettes up. These practices were
all nice and friendly. They were also,
as it turned out, illegal.
The result of these agreements
was that the "Big Three not only
led, but dominated the entire indus
try. In 1881 the three firms together
controlled over 80 per cent of all
cigarette production in the U. S. This
percentage fell gradually during the
'thirties'.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-10-25
Tobacco Industry Has History
Of Administering Its Prices

the industry in which the court
charges the tobacco industry with
manipulating the leaf marketing sys-
tems-the famed auction-to destroy
the bargaining power of hundreds of
thousands of divided and impover-
ished farmers who produced the crop.
At the same time, it maintained
such tight control over its distributors
that it was able to withstand the
blows of the depression. What re-
suited is the system of price leader
ship" that still exists today. 1t is this
system that explains why the price
of each major brand is identical at
the wholesale level. The "Big Three"
might compete for sales. But not in
prices.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06
BY MIRIAM GUTENBERG

Long-delayed legislation to
give the Districts deserted wives
and children as much chance to
get support from runaway
fathers" as deserted families in
the rest Of the country has A.
nally won the approval of all the
affected officials. 1t was learned
today.
Representative Smith, Demo-
crat of Virginia. who has already
introduced two versions of re-
Iciprocal nonsupport legislation.
planned to introduce the third
version today.
This is the version drafted by
Corporation Counsel Chester
Gray, who raised questions about
the earlier proposals and con-
tended successfully that since he
would have to administer it, he
wanted to be sure 1t would be
as workable as possible.
Chief Judge Leonard p. Walsh
OF Municipal Court said he and
the judges OF. the courts domes-
tic relations branch had APP
proved the new version. United
States Attorney Oliver Gasch
also said he had approved 1t.
Moving swiftly to get the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06
Court Labels
Labor Unions

BY ROBERT X. WALSH

The Supreme Court held
today that labor unions are
employers" within the meaning
of the Taft-Hartley Act and
thus can be brought before the
National Labor Relations Board
on charges of unfair practices
against their own employees.
An opinion delivered by Justice
Clark in a case involving the
Transfers Union in Portland,
Greg. declared that the NLRB
exceeded its power in making
IAN arbitrary blanket exclusion
Of union employers as a class"
Justices Brennan, Frankfurter,
Burton and Harlan dissented in
part. They agreed that labor
organizations are employers
under the law with respect to
their own employees, but they
believed the NLRB should have
discretionary authority to decline
to take Jurisdiction over labor
unions as class.
The case decided today origi-
mated in a complaint filed by the
Office Employees international
Union against the Transfers
Union in the Portland, Greg,
area. The Office workers union
complained that the Teamsters,
in dealing with its own employees,
took reprisals against some who
had been subpoenaed as NLRB
witnesses.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06

'Runowoy Fothers' Bill
Endorsed by OfficioIs

measure started on its way
through Congress. Representative
Abernethy. chairman of the
House District Committees judi
ciary subcommittee. set a hear
ing on the nonsupport measure
for 10 am. Wednesday.
Mr.. Abernethy previously
scheduled a hearing some weeks
ago but called 1t of when he
found disagreement among the
affected officials. He said at the
time that as soon as they re-
solved their differences. he would
hold the hearing.
The new version makes nu-
merous technical changes but
preserves these provisions:
Families seeking support from
breadwinners who have left the
city would take their troubles to
the domestic relations branch
OF Municipal Court. instead Of
District Court.
The District would join the
48 States in a reciprocal ar
rangement under which the
States would collect support
payments from the Districts
runaway fathers and the Dis
trict would collect payments
See FATHERS. Page Ala
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06
Senators to Hold
U. S. Pay Hearings

A Senate Civil Service subcom-
mittee will start hearings May
20 on Government classified and
postal employee pay raise legisla-
ton.
The group will be headed by
Senator Neuberger. Democrat OF
Oregon. Other members are
Senators Marlborough. Democrat
of Texas. and LANCER, Repub-
lican OF North Dakota.
Senator Neuberger said the
hearings will last four days and
all interested parties are invited
to testify.
In making the announcement
Senator Neuberger said:
1T is clear that the upward
spiral Of living costs has not
been arrested. In these circum-
stances, 1t behooves Congress To
examine carefully the pay Of its
employes and make such adjust
Iments as are found to be justi-
fed"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06
SEVEN WHO FLED
BY JACK JONAS

Donald Kern allows himself As
minutes. from the time he walks
out his front door at 5 Woodland
way, Greenbelt. Md. to get to
his job downtown at the Civil
Service Commission.
Like most persons who live in
Washington's spreading subur-
bia, he is keenly aware Of the
Importance Of the automobile
in getting to work. It would take
him about twice as long, he
figures. II he used public trans
portation.
He has Joined with some Of
his neighbors In q car pool-too
many cars on the road is as
effective in forcing car pools as
rationing Of gasoline-and his
actual travel time varies.
But whether he or another is
driving. the trip averages some
80 minutes to the parking lot at
Second and @ streets NV. II
takes another iive minutes to
walk from the lot to his office
between Fourth and Fifth streets.
He Is one suburbanite whose
transportation problem has been
partly solved by the road build
ers. He now uses the Washing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06

sented by an attorney, would
have no bearing on thousands of
other cases, but should be APP
piled only to future cases.
BY expanding thus on its
earlier opinion, the court pre-
sumably plugged a legal loop
hole which has caused concern
to the United States Attorneys
Office.
New Hearing Denied
At the same time, the appel
late court refused a request by
United States Attorney Oliver
Gasch that the full nine-member
court sit to hear the case of
Miss Genevieve r. Dooling, a
st. Elizabeths inmate. formerly
Of Lynbrook, N. Y. Miss Dooling
was committed to the mental in
stitution in the summer of 1854.
Mr.. Gasch had requested that
the entire bench hear the
Dooling case on the grounds that
a question Of extraordinary
public Importance" concerning
the District of Columbia Mental
Health Law was involved. He
was turned down on q six-two
vote of the appellate court.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06
Liquor Permit
Club
Is Revoked

The District Alcoholic Bever-
age Control Board today ordered
revocation of the liquor setup
license of the Atlas Club, l349
E street NV. as of 8 am. May
20 on grounds of ABC law vio-
lationS.
The decision was announced
as unanimous.
The Class L license permitted
sales Of Setups to members pro-
viding their own liquor during
certain hours.
A recent hearing produced
evidence that gambling was in
progress at the club when it
was raided February II, 1856.
Undercover Policeman Thomas
j. Glockengeiser. who obtained
a membership card, testified he
had bought liquor at the clubs
second-fioor bar. and that alco-
holic liquors were consumed after
hours.
The club has 10 days in
which to appeal the decision to
the Commissioners.
The Clubs attorney, Charles
E. Ford, indicated he would APP
peal.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06
President to I axe Budget
Bottle to Nation by N

dent Eisenhower repeatedly will
tell the people he has submitted
balanced budgets for three sue
cessive years. He will point out.
by contrast, that in a 25-year
period from 1881 to 1855 there
were only three balanced
budgets.
He is expected to note that
his administration moved from
IA SOS billion deficit in 1853 to
an estimated 81 billion surplus
in fiscal 1858.
The President is being urged
to tell the taxpayers that the
public debt has been cut SIS bill
lion within the last three years
and that a tax cut effected in
1854 has saved them a total of
almost SIS billion so far.
Emphasis on Defense
Emphasis will be placed on the
unacceptable heavy cost of de-
fense-about two-thirds of all
Federal expenditures. The point
is made that it would be unwise
to endanger national security in
order to save money. The un-
avoidable cost of interest on the
public debt, and the relatively
small cost of various services
performed by the Government
will be set forth.
President Eisenhower is repre-
sented as conceding the $7l.8
billion budget proposed is large
but is necessary. He expects to
say. however. that it will take l6
to II per cent of the gross ma
tional product as against 20 per
cent in 1858, the last Truman
budget year.
Irresponsible, Says Byrd
He will point out that pro-
posed Federal spending per cap
TIA Will rise 10 per cent this year,
while per capita income last year
rose $50.
There is sharp division in both
the Republican and Democratic
parties over the size Of the budg-
ct for fiscal 1858.
Senator Byrd calls the Eisen-
hover budget the most irrespon-
sible one submitted to Congress
since he has been here. Even
taking imitation into account.
Senator Byrd says the pending
budget is nearly $50 billion
higher than President Truman's
peacetime peak.
Senator Byrd says continued
spending at the present ''reck-
less" rate endangers the Govern
ment'S solvency.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06

|negotlaCeo the agreement. II
was flying to Tegucigalpa today
for a formal signing ceremony
there.
Ricardo Arias Of Panama,
chairman Of the flve-nation GAS
Committee. signed with Presi-
dent Somoza. The agreement
calls on Nicaragua and Honduras
to refrain from any activity in
GLIDING troops advances suscep-
tible Of aggravating the situa-
ton"
The GAS Committee was given
four days to present a plan for
withdrawal of troops from the
disputed frontier and creation of
q buffer zone.
Indians Inhabit Area
The cease-fire hats the fight
ing between rival border
patrols that has been going on
the past five days in a large
tract of jungle called the Mos
quito Coast. which both Nicara-
qua and Honduras have claimed
since the 18th century. Al
though the area is underdevel-
oped and inhabited mostly by
the Mosquito tribe of Indians,
there have been reports in the
past year that oil deposits have
been found there.
The ground fighting never in
volved more than 300 soldiers of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06
AROUND THE WORLD
ON TWO CYLINDERS

DESERTS AND FLOODS didn't stop
q 0emnon tourist who is eireIins tho
globe on "A horsepower. Reed his
story in The Wings and Wheels
column on Pose Az.
TWO PRETTY MODELS from
Washington hove won praise in
Atlantic City and in q new movie
trovelosue. Reed Elenis Foshion
Notebook on Pose B-4.
THE THIRD QUARTET by Hinds-
NTH wos we'll ployed by the American
University string ensemble, soys The
Stars music critic, poy Thorpe. See
Poae B-9.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06
Eden Leaves Boston
For Rest in Ottuwu

BOSTON, May 6 (R.-Sir An
thony Eden, tanned and smiling,
took of for Ottawa by plane to-
day for a two-week visit and
further rest after surgery last
month for bile duct obstruction.
The former British Prime Min
lister and his wife. Lady Clarissa.
went aboard a Canadian Depart
ment Of Transport four-engine
plane after shaking hands and
saying goodbye to British Con-
sul-General Robert II. X. Marett
and Mrs. Marett.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06
Major Riot in Poland
Hints at Troop Mutiny
Clash Noted
At Garrison
City in South

WARSAW, May 6 R.-A
major riot was reported today
from Jaroslaw, a garrison town
in Southwest Poland.
More than 1000 police and
troops were called in to quell
the disturbance. which appar-
emily occurred just before the
week end.
A report in the Warsaw news
paper Szpandar Mlodych sug-
gested it was one of the most
serious Of recent outbursts
against Communist state author
ity. 1t carried indications of a
military mutiny.
These indications were:
l. The arrival in the town Of
Gen. Kuropieska, a district mill
tary commander.
2. Appointment Of a military
investigation commission to de-
termine responsibility for the
trouble.
Police Station Stoned
The paper said the outburst
started with the arrest of a
young soldier on a charge of
drunkenness. 1t added that other
soldiers and young hooligans"
sided with the arrested man,
went to the police station and
started a fuss" A crowd of
several hundred gathered out
side the police station and flung
stones through the windows.
The paper added: IAN appeal
by police for calm and order
brought no response. The trou-
BILE increased. A number Of
soldiers were hurt and police
were forced to use tear gas"
The paper said a battalion of
reserve police and a second bat
talon of the Army riot squad
were brought in, battalion is
about 800 men.
10 Taken Into Custody
Nineteen people were reported
taken into custody, Of whom
seven were held. One Of those
arrested was an Army sergeant
major.
The paper blamed the sale of
too much liquor at dances as
the main cause" It added two
investigating commissions had
been set up-one under the mill
tary prosecutor and one under
the civil prosecutor.
This was the third outburst
reported since the beginning of
April. More than 40 persons
were injured in a fight with
police at Stargard, near Szczecin
(Stettin), during protests over
the eviction of q woman and
four children. Peasants marched
on police headquarters at Lom-
"a, near Warsaw, three weeks
ago protesting police brutality
against two brothers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06

ton Baltimore parkway, which
passes Greenbelt's edge.
Before the parkway was
opened. he used different routes.
Most often he drove along Glenn
Dale road from Greenbelt to
u. s. /. down to Queens Chapel
road and along that to Michigan
avenue and into the District.
Both alternate means Of public
transportation--Mr. Kern does
not use either-would require
driving part way.
One is the streetcar. which
would deposit him at the door
of his Office building downtown.
But during rush hour 1t would
be too slow. and he would have
the problem Of driving to the
carline.
A faster method is TO drive
over to U. s. / and take the
Greyhound bus. which makes no
stops inside the District. The
problem there would be at the
downtown end-getting from the
Continued on Page BE-. Col. I
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06
BY JOHN v. HoRNER

President Eisenhower, employ
ing for political purposes some
Of the tactics familiar to him
as a general, today was reported
ready to launch his big counter
offensive in the battle of the
budget.
Armed with q fresh supply of
statistics marshaled by his re-
searchers, the President is olan-
ming to 60 directly to the people
by radio and television in an eff
fort to persuade them. and
through them, persuade Con-
.gress. that his record $7l.8 bill
lion budget should be passed.
Mr. Eisenhower's appeal fol
public support is expected to be
one Of the most vigorous efforts
of his political career. Some OF
his advisers say it had better be
If he wants to save the badly
battered legislation.
Big Slashes Prepared
As things stand now, some of
the most powerful leaders on
Capitol Hill are prepared to slash
huge chunks from the budget.
These include Senator Byrd,
Democrat of Virginia, and
Speaker Rayburn. In speeches
within the last few days they
have declared in favor of imme-
date cuts ranging from 81 billion
to IS billion.
On the Republican S. lie, loud
cries for reductions have come
from Senate Minority Leader
Knowland, Senator Bridges of
New Hampshire and Senator
Goldwater of Arizona.
The legislators have strong
support. Congress has received
q flood of mail demanding re-
duced Federal spending and the
House already has responded
with stable cuts in various de-
partment and agencyO budgets.
The Senate has yet to act
In his counter offensive, PreSi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06

Judges Wilbur X. Miller and
Walter Bastian voted to grant
the full hearing. Judge E. Barrett
Prettyman did not take part.
DR.. Winfred Overholser, SUPER
intendent of st. Elizabeths Hos
pital and nominal defendant in
the action brought by Miss
Dooling. termed the appellant
courts action a half measure. /"
He said he was pleased to
learn about the retroactivity
phase of the decision. However.
he was outspoken in his criticism
OF the courts reiteration that an
attorney or guardian be present
at Mental Health Commission
commitment hearings.
Called ReactiOnary
II feel that it is a reactionary
decision. It is entirely unfair to
the patient. DR.. Overholser as
serted. This simply makes it
more complicated for the patient
and more expensive for his fam
lily. I feel that there has never
been the slightest doubt that a
patients interests were not pro-
See ST. ELIsABETHs Page Ais
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06

both sides. Up to so have been
claimed killed.
Captured Items Shown
President Somoza, 36-year-olc
successor to his assassinatec
father, Gen. Anastasio Somoza
showed the GAS peace mission
rifles, grenades and helmets he
said were captured from Hon.
duran troops at Mocoron, where
the conflict began.
The Peace Committee of five
Ambassadors, dispatched after an
emergency meeting of the GAS
Council in Washington, con-
ferred from Saturday morning
until yesterday morning with the
ruling junta in Tegucigalpa. The
Ambassadors left hurriedly for
Managua after Mr.. Somoza re-
portedly sent a message saying
lust one more strafing (by Hon.
duran planes) and the commit
tee might as well go back to
Washington"
The cease-fire agreement spec
flied that the halt in the fighting
does not prejudice the opposing
claims for the territory. The
King of Spain arbitrated the dis
pute in 1906. ruling that the area
should go to Honduras. But
Nicaragua refused to accept the
ruling.