davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
EroofChonoe
InSoviet Seen
ByKerensky
BY LEFT ERICKSON

PALO ALTO, alif.-Alexande
Kerensky. who headed RusSia's one
short-lived democratic government,
believes today that the new Rus
sian middle class will bring about
eventual liberation from Commu-
mist dictatorship.
Mr.. Kerensky considers the pres
ent Kremlin team of Nikita Khrush-
chev and Nikolai Bulganin an
interim leadership"
This interim Kremlin leadership
is under pressure from a new mid
die class that wants a regime of
law, of personal security" Mr..
Kerensky said in an interview.
But also there is larger pres
sure. InStinctively or consciously,
the people of the Soviet Union are
beginning to move in the direction
OF their traditional goals-to turn
from absolutiSt power to a demo-
cratic regime based on social JUS
tice and the political rights of the
human being.
THE spine of the terror regime
has been broken. To restore the
totalitarian regime as it existed
until Stains death in 1853 is
impossible !"
When liberation is achieved. Mr..
KerenSky said with earnest convic-
ton, any menace of nuclear world
war will disappear.
Took Over From Czor
Forty years ago, on March IL.
1917, the people of Russia rose up
In spontaneous revolt - without
much plan. or organization-and
overthrow Car Nicholas II.
Mr.. Kerensky. now rs. is the
sole survivor Of the provisional
government that took over after
Nicholas lis abdication.
Mr.. KerenSky's regime died a
scant eight months later in Nikolai
Lenin's seizure of power with the
Communists on November 7, 1917.
Mr.. Kerensky has been in exile
from his homeland from the time
the Communists took and CONSOLE
dated control, most Of 40 years.
He is now working on a research
project of the Herbert Hoover Lii
brary on the Stanford University
campus. The object is history in
documentary text of the provi-
sional government.
i know them I know the
Russian people" said Mr.. Kerensky,
sitting in the scholars cubicle, small
and spare. which is his work room.
He cited the Kremlin's conces-
sions to Poland's Gomulka and the
spontaneous rebellion in Hungary
as evidences of a changed temper
in Soviet leadership. The Hungarian
revolt was suppressed. but not, he
said. in the ruthless style Stain
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
BY NJ. S. HANDLER

In its essence. the European pol
Icy of the United States is focused
on the future of Germany.
Political control by the West of
the whole of Germany could create
a safer balance between East and
West. Continued political control
OF the Federal Republic of Germany
could guarantee the existence Of
the Atlantic military alliance, the
political alignment of the Western
European powers, and the preven-
ton of social revolution in some
of the Western European countries.
Conversely, the loss by the West
ern nations of all Of Germany or
their failure to control the Federal
Republic of Germany would mean
the destruction Of the Western mill
tary establishment in Europe and
the possible acceleration of the
forces of social and political disin-
tegration IN the other Western
countries. 1t is therefore appropri-
ate TO regard the German question
as the central core of United States
policy in Europe. in fact to redeslg-
nate 1t as the European question.
Viewed in these terms. the acces-
sion OF the Federal Republic to
NATO in May. 1855, was an achieve
ment of no mean proportions. Yet
this achievement represented only
an interim solution and created
new problems, opening the door to
an unknown political future in
West Germany.
1t is difficult to come TO grips
with these problems because they
are deeply Embedded in the recesses
OF the German psychology.
The Germans. for example, ex-
press widespread apathy and even
active repugnance toward remili-
tarization. Aside from the trau-
matte effects of Germanys defeat
and collapse in World War IL and
the terrible devastation suffered in
the last years of military operations,
the German people no longer believe
that rearmament and membership
in the Atlantic alliance will contrib
ute to the settlement of their major
national problem-reuniflcation
The accession OF the Federal
Republic to NATO was the culmi-
nation of the life work of Chancel-
Tor Konrad Adenauer, but it also
marked the beginning of his decline.
The realization that Bonn's mem
bership in NATO created fresh
obstacles to settlement of the
German question accelerated the
dissolution Of Adenauer's four party
coalition. The Soviet veto on reuni-
fication once the Federal Republic
had become allied with the West
led TO breakup Of the coalition and
the virtual isolation OF the Ade-
nauer government.
U. 5. and Soviet Doctrines
Before Bonn had decided TO enter
NATO, American doctrine held
and still holds-that membership
in the Western alliance would facili-
tate reunification. BY contrast, So
Wet doctrine held that reuniflcation
would be impossible after the Fed
eral Republic aligned itself mill
tarily with the West.
Chancellor Adenauer ardently
advocated the American doctrine.
The Soviet veto. applied at the Sec
ond Big Four Geneva Conference
Of October, 1855. was amplified
several months later by Vyaches-
Law M. Molotov, then Soviet for
eign Minister. Mr.. Molotov outlined
the theory of two competing ma
tional German states--West Ger
many and East Germany-that
could, II they so desired, negotiate a
loose confederation, surmounted by
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
Decisions: 1857: The Changing Picture in Europe
Germany Is the Key

a central government having con-
sultative but no executive powers.
The emergence of this Soviet doc
trine crystallized the previous
doubts of DR.. Adenauer's political
opponents into the firm belief that
reunif1cation on the basis of free
elections and the right of a freely
elected national assembly to deter
mine foreign policy lie, member
ship in the Atlantic alliance) would
have to be abandoned because it
was not a negotiable policy.
The ranks of the Chancellor's
opponents swelled from month to
month as the full meaning of the
Soviet doctrine came to be under
stood. The opposition's conviction
that the West Germans must re-
examine Their alignment with the
West was strengthened by second
conviction = that American and
allied power was not sufficient to
impose the Western solution on
the Soviet Union.
This evolution in the thinking
OF the chancellor's opponents was
not due to any idea of betraying
the Western allies nor did it mark
return to the old and dangerous
policy OF Germany as a balance
wheel between West and East. 1t
represented the practical result OF a
factual appraisal of the situation
and refusal to allow nature to
take its course.
Opposition Arguments
DR., Adenauer's opponents-the
Social Democrats. the Free Demo-
Gratis, the Refugee party and groups
outside Of Parllament--believe that
the allies should agree to Joint APP
proach TO the Soviet government
in an effort to determine the price
of identification.
II necessary. the allies and the
West Germans, so the Social Demo-
Gratis argue, should be prepared to
put back on the table the question
OF Germany's future military status.
AT the same time, the Social Demo-
Gratis have explicitly stated that
under no conditions must the Ger
mans tear up their treaty obliga-
tons to the West.
The Social Democrats have also
stated that if they come to power
IN the general elections OF 1857,
they might invoke the revision
clause in the Paris treaties which
brought the Federal Republic into
NATO in order TO readiust West
Germany's relations to the alliance
In way that might obtain Mos
cows consent TO Identification. The
Social Democrats, moreover, have
declared that they would under no
circumstances negotiate bilaterally
with the Communist regime of East
Germany. Identification, they say,
is primarily the responsibility OF the
United States, British, French and
Soviet governments, and so 1t must
remain.
What U. S. Must Foce
Current political trends in West
Germany seem TO indicate that
public opinion is shifting away
from the chancellor and his party,
the Christian Democratic Union,
toward the Social Democratic party.
Public opinion polls taken in July,
1856, showed that the Social Demo-
Gratis had overtaken the Christian
Democrats in party preference. The
polls also disclosed that the unde-
cided vote had swelled to 81 per
cent.
The chancellor and his party
leaders are known 10 be seriously
concerned with the shift Of public
opinion and the possibility OF de-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10

appellate court opinion that the
sender of the package had an over
riding right to be protected against
unlawful search and seizure. Since
the Government had not bothered
to obtain a warrant, its action vio-
lated the Constitution.
Another controversy involved a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
By FRED THEROUX

The Big Three alliance OF the
United States, Britain and France
is being recreated, but not in its
own image.
When the task of establishing
this keystone of the free worlds
defenseS against international COM
munism has been completed. there
is likely to be a complete realign-
ment OF power and redistribution
of responsibilities. Still to be known
as the Big Three. in effect it will
DE Big One--the United States
with two important assistants.
OstenSibly President Eisenhower
and Secretary of State Dulles are
striving to repair the serious dam
age done to the Big Three alliance
by the British and French invasion
of Egypt last October and Novem-
Der. But the job will have to be a
major overhaul.
AT the END of last month. Frances
Premier Guy Mollet and his Foreign
Minister. Christian Pineau. spent
three days in Washington. The
avOwed purpose of the Frenchmen's
visit was to reaffirm and strengthen
relations between France and the
United States, a first step in the
revealing Of the ties binding the
two nations together in a common
cause.
Next week Mr.. Eisenhower and
Mr.. Dulles will fly to Bermuda for
a meeting with British Prime Min
lister Harold Macmillan and his
Foreign Secretary. Selwyn Lloyd.
Again the avowed purpose of the
meeting will be to shore up the
weak spots in the Big Three alli-
ance.
More Thon Patchwork
But there is a great deal more
than patchwork being applied to
the Big Three. All reliable signs
plainly indicate that the recreated
Big Three alliance will be new
alignment Of strength in which the
"superpower" role Of the United
States will be openly accepted.
And diplomats are cautiously but
with increasing certainty predict
ing that, in the ultimate develop
ment of the reconstructed Western
defense and political systems, West
Germany will emerge as the real
Western power on the continent OF
Europe. BY the very nature OF the
German Situation--geography, po-
litical structure. economic renas-
cence and the traditional, historical
German function in Western Eu-
rope-it is expected that the Ger
man participation in the defense
OF the West and the organization
of the free world will inevitably
surpass that of France in the fore
seeable future.
Until the British and French
intervention in Egypt over the Suez
controversy, the seemingly impera-
tive unity of the Big Three-the
United States. Britain and France
was accepted as political and
strategic fact Of the cold war. De-
spite mounting evidence that Big
Three unity was measurable
amount less than absolute. there
was little public attention paid to
occasional disharmony.
Bitter Disappointment
Both Britain and France. in maxi
ing their unhappy decision to in
wade Egypt for the protection of
the Suez Canal. seem to have ex-
pected at least tacit American
support. When neither support nor
even benign forbearance was
forthcoming from Washington, the
two allies were openly bitter.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
BIG Three Takes New Shape

At the time of the United States
decision to back the moves in the
United Nations calling on Britain
and France to get out of Egypt,
NJ. Dulles was accused of every
thing from double dealing to hypo-
critical moralizing in the British
and French press.
But Mr.. Dulles the Deacon, as
partisans of the moral piety ex-
PLANTATION liked to call him. appears
at this date to be also Mr.. Dulles
the Diplomat
Whatever the meanderings of re-
cent American foreign policy. and
however much the harassed Secre-
tary Of State may annoy foreign
statesmen and domestic lawmakers.
Mr. Dulles appears to be making
the most OF his opportunity to
utilize. for their ultimate good, the
embarrassment of our allies over the
Middle East debacle. He is intent
on the task of rebuilding the Big
Three alliance and making it eff
fective. But he will seek to rebuild
it in such way that the error of
the Egyptian fiaSco cannot easily
occur again.
The Big Three really began life
as the Big Four" after the end of
World War II. The Soviet Union
was the fourth partner and in the
hopes of the trainers of the United
Nations Charter, these four major
powers. with China. would Coop
crate in the maintenance of world
peace. But the guns of the war
had hardly cooled before it was
chillingly plain that such co-opera-
ton was not to be.
Since 1916. the Big Three have
acted in close concert in most i'm
portant world decisions. There
have been notable exceptions. as
III the case of Red China, Taiwan
and Indo-China. and in the Middle
East. But in general, the unity of
the three nations. all theoretically
major powers, had been accepted
up to the Egyptian crisis.
No Longer First Gloss
But it has been increasingly plain
in recent years that neither Britain
nor France can any longer claim
status as first-clasS powers. Both
nations, exhausted by two major
wars in generation and weakened
by the collapse of colonialism, have
been losing strength and prestige.
They no longer shake the boards of
the world stage Today's chief
actors are giants. the super-powers,
the United States and the Soviet
Union,
Reluctantly but realistically. Brit
ish and French statesmen are ac-
cepting the situation and appar-
emily are ready to make the best
Of it. The Egyptian invasion was
regrettable chiefly because it made
their national predicaments crystal
clear. exposing the passing of their
Big Power days for all the world
to see.
Yet many close observers OF the
international scene are convinced
that. without such a denouement
as that Of Egypt, the fiction of the
old alliance of three co-equal, ma
jor powers would have been per-
mitted to persist. to the detriment
of the free world and its vital de-
lenses.
II President Eisenhower and Mr..
Dulles can achieve their announced
aim of re-establishing close bonds
among the three nations. yet sue
coed in redressing the trim and
balance of the alliance to best re-
fleet political realities, the defenses
Of the West will be on a firmer
basis than ever before.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
Disappointment

There were some disappoint.
mentS IN the Fairless report for the
more enthusiastic supporters of for
eign aid:
Purpose OF long-run develop
ment is overSinplfied. they
feel. The panel attributed the need
for foreign aid exclusively to the
challenge of communism. MANY
supporters believe the purpose of
foreign aid should be mainly to
channel political energies of ma
tlonailstic young countries into in.
ternal development rather than ex-
ternal adventure. This will no a
need whether or not communism
persists as a threat to the free
world
, A ceiling is put on collective
- security expenditures. MANY
advocates Of foreign aid would favor
setting aside a constant percentage
OF the gross national product. which
is expanding. The Fairless group
chose to deal in absolute figures
because they foreSee a possibility
tnat the gross national product
might decline in some years.
Low level of fund for economic
O' development. The Fairless re-
port is vague on how much should
be spent on economic development.
1t merely says this category of for
eign spending should be "contin-
ued.' Many foreign aid proponents
think 1t could be vastly expanded.
n There are few specifics on
Ts how the annual So billion ex-
penditures on collective security
should be divided up between mill
tary. economic and technical aid.
Agricultural SURPRISES are dis
~ missed as a foreign aid tool.
Many Democrats and several uni
versity groups studying foreign aid
behave that the United States agri-
cultural SURPRISES could De sent
abroad without upsetting world
markets.
4 The large military expendi-
We lures were left untouched.
Mr.. Fairless insisted that the mil
itary experts themselves were only
persons qualified to Judge how
much mutual defense spending is
necessary. Most Congressmen and
many others outside of government
disagree. There is feeling, for
instance. that support for Korea's
20 divisions and the large armies
in countries like Formosa, Pakistan,
Wet Nam and Turkey could be cut
by putting these nations more
completely under the United States
atomic umbrella.
Priority Is favored for United
- States allies over neutrals.
Some critics charge that this is a
loose way to think about the Amer
lean security problem. In Asia
they point out. midas economic
prosperity must oltStrip Red
Chinas If world communism is not
to enjoy another big boost in the
East-West contest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
RebuttoI

In rebuttal. supporters Of the
Fairless groups recommendations
point out that their report was
purposely vague on several counts.
They have proposed, in effect, that
the ceiling on collective security
be raised from the $4-5 billion level
to about SO billion Since they be-
lieve the climbing agricultural
surplus program should be aban-
doned. and since they think atomic
weapons can cut military aid spend
ing. there is relatively much more
room under the SO billion ceiling
for long-range economic develop
ment expenditures.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
SUPPORT FROM THE RIGHT
Aid BockersWeigh STUDY

are temporary is expected to have
an important effect among conser-
vatives on Capitol Hill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10

for illegal heroin. opened a first
class package which had been sent
through the mails, he voted for an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
THE DECISION SERIES

These articles deal with the second cru
M ~ cia international issue in The Sunday Stars
ESST\ " Il eightWeek Decisions 1857" series.
II Y VIZ The series is presented in conjunction with
TNG h1 ~. the Decisions discussion groups being
N(I//N) n conducted in the Washington area by the
W. NY Foreign Policy Association and the Junior
w Chamber of Commerce.
Mr. Handler is chief of the New York Times West Ger
bureau His article condensed here, written
the FPAS publication Headline Series" Mr. Theroux
member of the staff of The Stars Sunday editorial section
specaliZes in foreign affairs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08

Giants quotypocked stores place at your fngertps the
choicest foods from the notions top quality producing
Whenever you shop Gont you con be assured Of
superior quoty foods wide voety to select from more
for your food dollar and in our Maryland and Virginia
stores Top Voue Stomps for gifts of appreciation Thos
why you olwoys save more at Giont
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08

The way to fomiy's heart is through serving
them good food Why not surprise them this
week with on oId-foshioned beef stew ;.
tender chunks Of Giont Top Notch Beef sim
mering in q rich gravy with corrots, pototoes
and onions :. there1I be praises for you and
wholesome enjoyment for everyone.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-05
Big Runway PIcnned

SHANNON AIRPORT, Ire
land, Sept. 5 GA new TO-
0O0-foot runway is being built
so this international airliner
stop can handle the biggest,
heaviest jet planes so far de-
signed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-05
Arctic Pilot Escapes
Fost-Movine White-Out
BY THOMAS r. HENRY
Science Editor Of The star

ARMY ENGINEER CAMP. Greenland Ice Cap CIV Mali
in bowl Of milk for half hour with no up and no
down.
One ski Of the small plane suddenly hit the surface Of the
snowcovered ice The pilot thought was at least 500 feet
hurt-just badly shaken up.
There another plane the milk bowl It has been follow
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-05

ing QlreCIiy DcIllklu lOf nearly
200 miles. 1t must be in the
same predicament. Neither
plane can see the other. Neither
aircraft is equipped with radio.
Our pilot started climbing.
He knew he must be climbing
because he was going in the
opposite direction from that
which had brought the near
crash with the ice cap. Finally,
at $500 feet he broke into blue
sky, but with no landmarks.
The ice surface below was
blotted out. He had no navi-
gational aids. He was lost.
Clears White Ont
In a few minutes, however,
he had cleared the white-out
area and it was clear below.
Stretching for miles in the snow
was a trail left by q caravan of
weasels which had passed, the
day before.
Still not quite enough adven-
ture for one day. The pilot
followed the trail until he was
over the caravan. Then he
made a perilous landing on the
rough surface. Still no sign OF
the other plane. 1t might not
have had such good luck in
the white-out. Then there was
the matter of taking OF again.
After a long run over bumpy
ice the plane would not lift.
One of the three passengers
had to be left with the caravan.
This is an account of \
mornings adventures in the
weird Arctic fog. We had
started out early this morning
to visit an extremely isolated
engineer camp 200 miles fur
ther on the icecap.
The trip had been scheduled
every day for the past two
weeks. Every day it had been
called on. Either the plane
couldn't get of the ground or
couldn't land in l00-mile winds.
Or there would be a white-out
either at the take-of or land
ing point.
Day Seemed Perfect
Today seemed perfect. It
was sunny. clear. warm, almost
MINDLESS. There was no sug-
gestion Of a white-out any
where. About q half dozen
weather reports were received
from engineer camps scattered
along the proposed route. All
said conditions seemed ideal.
For an hour or so it was
clear flying. The L-20 flew low
following the plainly marked
trail in the snow made by the
weasel caravan.
1t was a scheduled two-hour
flight over the coastal noun
tainS-black crags which pro-
trude above the ice. Still bet
ter were conditions over the
great central plain of the ice
cap. Visibility was perfect In
all directions.
Without a second warning
we were in the white-out. There
was no horizon-no way to
Judge up or down. Visibility
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-05

was cut down to. at best. a few
feet.
We never reached our des-
tination. The only thing to
do was turn back to the starting
point.
As this is being written seven
hours later there still is no
word Of the other plane. Four
rescue parties now are looking
for 1t. The best chance. they
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-05

say. is to spot it from the air
BY radar. Radar equipment
on rescue planes is delicate
enough to locate q man on the
ice through q cloud cover.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1957-01-10
General Hospital
County
Expansion PrOgr'm
About Complete

A $4,000 program of expan-
sion and Improvements is near
ing completion at Montgomery
County General Hospital, located
near Olney, according to an an
nouncement by Everett B. Wilson,
Jr., president of the institutions
Board of Directors. The work has
been famed by a series of gifts
to the non-profit hospital and by
increasing a mortgage loan.
When the program is complet-
ed, the number of patient beds
will have increased by II, making
a total of 76 beds.
Largest of the gifts was $780,
800 grant from the Ford FoNpda-
ton, half of which has already
been received.
The Women'S Board of the hos.
.jital contributed $4,000, which
mad been raised through the an
nual supper, Donation Day, the
Women's Boards share IN the
profits of Montgomery County
Thrift Shop, and gifts from aux.
lliaries of the Board.
Other larger gifts included $16,.
900 received from anonymous
donors and cystoscopic table
contributed by DR.. and Mrs. w.