davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09
Wor<day Pin-Up
MANDJURIS Is


In the midst Of q ca
reer with as many sides as
the Pentagon and seems to
be doing well In all. Peggy
Is n and q native OF
washington, although she
was brought up In Florida
and has been back here
about eight years.
To begin with. she won
a scholarship In modelling
In Florida. AfterWard,
when she went to Chicago.
she did o daytime fashion
show on TV during a
breakfast program. Since
she has been in Hyattsville
ll4l4 Nicholson street,, she
does com m e tary for
fashion shows at country
clubs and churches and
often has to step In and
show clothes herself.
Peggy's straight job Is
secretary to Bin Porter
field, q tax consultant and
accountant. This means
she has to operate q bat
terry Of ONCE machines.
know calculation and
bookkeeping. Her ONCE on
Hamilton street Is only
doors away from the
school where her 7-year-
old daughter goes.
She m arried Andy
Mandturis eight years ago
and he now runs q steak
house at Queens Chapel.
That put her into the
auxiliary Of the Junior
Chamber Of Commerce of
Prince Georges. She Is
president Of 1t. The organ
ization helps the males In
their programs. does char
ity work and backs up q lot
Of civic enterprise. She did
50 well that the State Of
Maryland picked her as
Jaycee Queen and sent her
to Atlanta for the national
convention.
At home, Peggy does a
lot Of housekeeping and
cooking. particularly sa-
worry dishes that take q lot
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09

Of marinating, special
sauces. oven treatment and
the like. On top Of that
she paints In water colors
and likes to decorate &C.
ramics. like dinner plates,
plaques, etc.
Peggy Is 5-feet-5, has
blond hair and blues eyes
that change to violet. She
weighs 40 and knowing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-22

eISIdVemenC OF Poland, Tor I'M
posing the present Communist
government on them and for
being by Polish standards,
backward and uncultured.
But every Pole with whom
this reporter has talked believes
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-22
Leopold and Wife
Bruised in Crash

CORTINA D'AMPEZZO.
Italy, July % (P.-Ex-King
Leopold of Belgium and his
wife. Princess Liliane de Rethy.
attended a dinner party last
night only a few hours after a
high-speed car they we're test
ing Skidded off a mountain road
near here and overturned.
Both were said to have suf-
fered shock and minor bruises
in the miShap. They seemed re-
covered at the dinner party in
their honor at the villa of
friends. Leopold later visited a
crowded cafe and snapped
mountain climbing stories with
Alpine guides.
The popular first wife of Leo
pold, Queen Astrid. was fatally
injured in 1885 when a car he
was driving crashed into a tree.
He was slightly injured in that
accident.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-22
Effects of Previous Federal Attempt
To Intervene in BoIlotinq Recalled

elections or the protection of
the ballot box. and have been
productive of such serious
and dangerous results that
they ought at once to be re-
pealed."
Later in the year. a report
was submitted to the House
by the committee to which
the various bills for the re-
peal Of the statutes had been
referred. 1t said:
How then can the United
States. by its supervisors and
deputy marshals, scrutinize
the registrations condition
Of suffrage in many of the
StateS-when the right of
suffrage emanates from the
State NitSelf and the State
alone can determine it? =.
Many of these statutes
also impose penalties upon
the election officers of the
States. in the conduct of
elections. for a violation of
the State laws. Was ever a
more monstrous proposition
written on the statute books
of a free country?
I'm many of the great
cities of the country and in
some Of the rural districts,
under the force of these Fed
eral statutes, personal rights
have been taken from the
citizens and they have been
deprived of their liberty by
arrest and Imprisonment.
Finally, these statutes
should be speedily repealed
because they mix State and
Federal authority and power
in the control and regulation
of popular elections, thereby
causing jealousy and friction
between the two govern
ments; because they have
been used and will be used in
the future as a part of the
machinery of a political
party to reward friends and
destroy enemies, because I'M
der the practical operations
of them the personal rights
of citizens have been taken
from them and justice and
freedom denied them; be-
cause their enactment shows
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-22
DAVID LAWRENCE

Three words-"Lest we
forget" Knight well be in
cluded conspicuously among
the millions of words being
recorded in the Senate debate
on the so-called civil rights"
bill.
Will history repeat itself,
and will Congress again
tamper with the machinery
OF local elections under the
guise Of protecting the right
to vote? Senator Ellender,
Democrat of Louisiana, in his
speech in the Senate the
other day. referred to COM
prehensive reports to the
House of Representatives by
its own committees in 1893
which tell the shocking story
OF what Federal Intervention
in local elections means and
why Congress repealed then
the very same type Of statutes
now being proposed for pas
sage.
There is a significant ANAL
ogy to preSent-day events.
The Federal intervention took
place not alone in the South.
but in other regions, under
laws-known as force bills"
passed in the emotional
days that followed the War
Between the States. Federal
agents and deputy marshalS
and supervisors were APP
pointed to guard local cleo
tions-to insure purity of
the ballot" Scandals ensued.
The House of Representatives
chose the New York City
area to examine how these
laws were being applied.
Here in part is what the in
vestigating committee for
mally reported to the House
on January 81, 1898:
Your committee, after a
very careful study of the
operations of the Federal
election laws before election
and on election day in the
city Of New York, are of the
opinion that all of these laws
have entirely failed to pro-
duce any good results in the
direction of the purity of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-22
Rights Bill Repeats Old Mistake

a diStrust Of the States, and
their inability or indispoSi-
ton to properly guard the
elections. which. If ever true.
has now happily passed
away"
This report emphasized
that the wording of the Con-
stitution gives only the State
legislatures the right to pre-
scribe the qualifications of
voters. Congress was i'm
pressed and repealed the
laws.
Today a majority in Con-
gress are proposing to set up
a civil rights commission with
the power of subpoena, and
also a civil rights division in
the Department of Justice
which is to have the use of
FBI agents in getting evl-
dence for prosecution. These
agents will be instructed TO
swarm into the Southern
States to examine how voters
are registered and to deter
mine how election officials
apply the eligibility qualifica-
tons in each State.
But the exercise of this
power need not necessarily be
confined to the South. If it is
thought to be an effective
way to regulate local cleo
tions. there is no reason why
the same Federal authority
will not be exercised again in
New York and perhaps in
Chicago or Detroit or Kansas
City or in any of the other
big cities where powerful
political organizations and
bosses line up the voters and
sometimes register them or
give them certain rewards as
inducements to register and
vote.
If the Federal Government
goes into the business of in
QUESTION or supervision. one
political party or the other
will find it advantageous to
demand that the machinery
of inspection be used to its
own advantage. The end re-
suit will be the same as it
was IS years ago. 1t is strange
how often the same mistakes
are made in American his
tory!
Reproduction Rights Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-22
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEREL

NOW that Miss United States has been dethroned the
crime OF hiding husband she's expected tour the night
clubs with that old theme TITS dice have man
around the house"
Defense Secretary Wilson relaxeS secrecy rules fellow
gets awuy tired ripping the seal of lips every time he
wants to put his foot in his mouth
Ike visits his sons home at GETTYSBURG The Eisen-
hover clan digging in for the duraon-unt those fellows
down in Washington get things back the BEAM
EhngS are evening 1t costs the u S. Treasury
almost much interest to borrow money does in han
ding charges to give it away
Rule of e Keep your chin up 1t makes the other one
less conspicuous.
They're putting automatic lights on the Washington
Monument What that monument really needs is an auto
matte father to race millions of small fry to the top.
Los Angeles city council approves pay look TV
AS special Introductory Offer for only twobts you can
keep the thing turned off all day
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-22
Report Sees taxpayers
Giving Subsidy on Rum

selling molasseS-a major rum
ingredient-to the distilleries
at a price Substantially below"
an open market price.
This" the committee added.
results in a subsidy of the
rum manufacturing business
by the corporation g.. the cost
of such subsidy is passed on to
the Federal taxpayers" and to
the local cane growers.
1.-THE molasses situation on
st. Croix is. however. not sim
ple," it said.
Uncle Sam matches dollar
for dollar all taxes collected by
the Virgin Islands Government
and pays the matching funds
into the island treasury.
1.-THE source Of the matching
funds paid to the Virgin Is
lands government is the in
ternal revenue tax on rum
produced in the Virgin Is
lands" the report says. The
amount of subsidy runs from
$4,000 to 100000 year,
whereas the amount of match
ing funds exceeds 81 million
a year"
The committee recommended
that if the distilleries need a
small subsidy on molaSSes
prices to survive. the Virgin
Islands government should
supply it Ito preserve the
millions of dollars it receives
in matching funds"
1T would be calamitous to
the local government if the dis
tilleries were to close" the re-
port says.
The document, prepared by
a subcommittee headed by Rep
resentative Chudoff, Democrat
Of Pennsylvania, and approved
by the full committee, deals
with many more island prob
lens than just rum and mo-
lasseS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-22
Fraud Charged in Civil Rights

cratic government, and that
is the one on which I place
the greatest emphasis"
1t Is. likewise, the section
on which Southern members
of Congress place greatest
emphasis" For they know
that extension Of the vote
widely to Negroes would
force a change in present at
titudes. not only on civil
rights but also on economic
and social welfare issues to
liberalize present Southern
conservative positions.
In short, the new presSures
would be against extreme
conservatism among South
ern members of Congress.
That is what concerns con-
servatives outside the South.
as well as in the South. They
want to see conservatism
predominant in Southern
members of Congress.
For that tingeS the Demo-
cratic Party in Congress with
conservatism. That is be-
cause Southerners occupy q
majority of the key posts in
Congress. That, Of itself, Is
due to the seniority system.
Southerners benefit by that
through the long tenure
which. in turn, is assured
them by the one-party sys-
tenn in the South.
1t is for that reason that
1t is difficult to stir UP any
great enthusiasm among Re-
publican business and indus
trial interests in the North
over building up a Republi-
can Party in the South and
establishing q two-party sys-
tenn. For them the present
situation is eminently salts
factory. 1t is, for example,
convenient to have q Sena-
tor Mcclellan who will in
vestigate labor and. by weeks
and months of headlines,
discredit all labor because of
the iniquity of q few greedy
leaders.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-22
THOMAS L. STOKES

Influences are at work to
make a fraud of the civil
rights bill before it gets out
of the Senate.
Some of the most power
full of such influences are far
beyond the South. They are
conservative interests which
are concerned. as they have
been for years, in having q
controlled and manageable
vote in the South as q means
of keeping its representatives
in Congress conservative.
That assures a preponder-
antly conservative Congress
because of the strong voice
that Southerners have in
that body.
Southern S e n q t o'rs are
fully aware Of the stakes
both political and economic
in watering down voting
right projections, the heart
of the bill. They are graft
fled at the way economic
interests beyond the South
are rallying to their side.
This is discernible to the ex-
perienced eye. Congress can,
and of course will, do with
this civil rights bill as it
chooses; but that is no rea-
son the rest Of US should be
fooled about what is hap
pening.
The full extent of the
fraud being plotted can be
best recognized by those
thoroughly familiar with the
politics and economicSsof the
South. its history and its
traditions. one important
bit of history is how the
franchise, which was ex-
tended to Negroes soon after
the Civil War, was narrowed
to exclude both Negroes and
poor whites in the 1905.
That was because of the way
in which Populism swept
into the South from the West
at that time to create for a
brief period a virtual revo-
luton of the dispossessed.
At that time. as now, absen-
tee landlords in the North
who had big interests in the
South, as they still do, were
part of the conspiracy to
maintain a regulated and
practicable vote.
The present hue and cry
about trial by jury" in con-
tempt cases growing out Of
attempts to prevent voting
a seductive plea even if trial
by jury does not exist today
in the South in contempt
cases in state courts-adver-
tiseS another in the long line
OF devices to keep down the
vote. They are familiar to
anyone who grew up and has
a background of many gen.
erationS in the South. There
was the white primary" that
started in a couple of counties
in Senator Dick Russell's
State of Georgia and spread
all over the South. There was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-22
Powerful Conservative Influences
Called Bulwork Against Right to Vote

the poll tax as q prerequisite
to voting. There was the
grandfather" clause which
forbade anyone to vote whose
grandfather had been a slave.
There were the so-called
educational" qualifications.
again being used today, by
which Negroes we're barred
from voting for inability to
answer questions that would
stump some of our $64.000
question prize winners.
Slowly those barriers were
knocked down. The grand
father clause was abandoned.
The Supreme Court banned
the white primary" South
ern States themselves began
to repeal poll tax laws, so that
the poll tax exists as a re-
quirement for voting in only
flve Southern States today.
Then came the Supreme
Court school indignation de-
cision which provoked resent
ments in the South. Once
again various presSures be-
gan to be used to restrict
Negro voting. 1t is largely
these new restrictions that
are responsible for the Ell
senhower a d m / n istration's
concentration on protection
Of voting rights in its civil
rights bill. a simple and basic
right but one that has po-
tency as was pointed out by
President Eisenhower in his
most recent news conference
in discussing various sections
of the bill. He said:
If in every locality every
person otherwise qualified, or
qualified under the laws OF
the State to vote. is per-
mitted to vote, he has got q
means Of taking care Of him.
self and his group, his class.
He has got a means of get
ting what he wants in demo-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-22
BY the Associated Press

A House committee said to-
day United States taxpayers
are helping subsidize-of all
things-rum distilleries on the
Isle of st. Croix in the Virgin
Islands.
A report by the House Gov
eminent Operations Commit
tee said the Government
owned Virgin Islands Corp. is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-22

down vote between America
and RUSSIA.
The Poles believe. however
that if they sit tight long
enough. the world may some
day permit Poland to show her
true feelings and resume the
old love affair with Western
culture.
Tomorrow: Profile Of a fac
tory worker.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-22
Communists Victors
In Elections in JuXn

JAKARTA. Indonesia, July
% (P.-Reports from central
Java today said the Com
muniSts won a strong but not
unexpected victory in recent
provincial and municipal
elections.
Although the figures still are
unofficial. the report said it
appears the Communists won 20
of 35 seats in the Semarang
municipal assembly. An esti-
mated 1885 voters out of an
eligible 237.76 cast ballots.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-22

~ IldJC nuSSld lOF TeT postwar
ment Communist. 1t is only a
desire to get along with the
Soviet colossus that keeps the
Polish people from throwing
out thir Red government to-
day.
Why does Poland have this
foreign policy-one foot firmly
planted in the Communist bloc,
the other tentatively stretched
out to the West, looking for a
safe toehold?
Better Life Is Aim
Poland chose her foreign po-
Icy for the same reason other
nations chose theirs. She de-
cides what she needs domes-
tically to make life better for
Poles and then shapes a foreign
policy to help promote this
better life.
Poland must be free of ex-
ternal disputes so that she can
tackle the number one nation
al problem: Economic develop
ment. At the same time, if Po-
land can prove her good will
to other. richer countries, those
countries can help through
trade and aid to achieve faster
economic development.
Poland is small and weak. If
the cold war we're to intensity
she would be squeezed out of
association with the West and
presumably brought back I'M
der direct domination by the
Soviet Union. If the cold war
were to end, she could blossom
out in all directions which
seemed useful, without him
drance.
So Poland tries to become a
peacemaker in her small way.
urging on all efforts to ease
East-West tensions and deplor-
ing anything that could rock
the boat.
Some foreign observers here
believe that Poles, because OF
their own preoccupations. may
be deceiving themselves about
the current trend of Russian
policy. There is a strong feel
ing in this country that the
Soviet Union is changing rap
idly in the direction Of the
Polish experiment: That is,
moving toward a relatively
democratic and free Commu-
nistic government willing to
mind its own business in the
world.
Lesson for Khrushchev
Polish Communists take con-
siderable credit for recent
changes in the Kremlin in
which. the Poles say. Kremlin
leaders believing in terror tao
tics and foreign expansion were
defeated by moderate. Polish
type supporters of Khrushchev
One party spokesman said
that his own chats with Soviet
leaders convinced him that
Khrushchev himself is a bold
experimenter. but is suspicious
Of freedom. I'VE are showing
him that individual freedom is
good for the Communist Party, /"
he said. "Khrushchev may
never admit II publicly, but he
certainly will accept our point
Of view"
The Poles. in a quiet way, do
all they can to promote these
changes in the Soviet bloc.
But meanwhile Poland for
geographical reasons cannot
move away from the Soviet
foreign policy and for reasons
Of Communist solidarity. the
present Polish government does
not want to. What it can do is
promote changes within the
bloc, and try to act as a bridge
between East and West.
II can soften the harsh Ian
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-22

Fourth OF Series
Poland's foreign policy must be
tied to that of the Soviet Union.
And of course it is.
The reasons why Poland must
follow Russia instead of the
United States are so obvious
that some Poles are surprised
when a visitor asks about for
eign policy. And some Poles
worry that public discussion of
their 'country's dedicate posi-
ton will tend to spoil the whole
game.
But. on the assumption that
Americans deserve an explana-
ton of why Poland is seeking
loans from the United States
and other Western powers
while remaining firmly within
the Soviet bloc. the subject
demands some attention.
Warsaw Makes Decisions
First. it can be said with some
assurance that Russia is no
longer running the Polish for
eign ministry. Poles have been
independent since the october
upheavalS which unseated the
old "Stalinist" regime and
brought in Wladyslaw Co
mulka, the liberal First Sec
rotary of the Communist Party
The new government keeps the
Soviet Union fully informed on
its actions in foreign affairs,
but its decisions are made in
Warsaw. not Moscow.
What is Polish foreign policy
In brief, the policy is to stay
out of trouble. Poland. which
was crushed and bled and
strangled for Is years yearns
now to be on good terms with
everyone. American observers
here believe the Polish Govern
ment is sincere when it says
it wants to be a friend Of the
United States and Western Eu-
ropean powers. And Of course
Poland also is charter men,
Der of the Observation-Disclosures
Socialist" bloc and of the War
saw Pact, the Communist coun-
terpart of NATO.
Poland wants to keep her in
dependence from Russia and get
help and encouragement from
Communist and Western coun-
tries.
Unfriendly TO West Germany
The only country she nurses
a quarrel with is West Germany
But at the same time she works
for a settlement short OF war
to the problem of the former
German territories now annexed
into Poland.
While remaining a friend to
nah. Poland is seeking TO in
crease her economic contacts
with both halves Of the divided
world and is eagerly seeking
cultural exchanges with other
countries and a more active role
in international organizations
especially the more peaceful
ones like the World Health Or
SANITATION and the United Ma
tons Educational Cultural and
Scientific Orga nization
(UNESCOl.
This is the sort Of foreign
policy any Polish government
would have today The men in
Poland's foreign ministry may
be Communists. but this does
not determine or explain the
nations foreign policy. In fact,
it's quite the other way
around. Considerations OF for
eisn policy make the govern
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-22
QUEST FOR FREEDOM
Polish Foreign Policy
Accepted Reluctantly
BY RICHARD FRYKLUND
European Correspondent of The Star

WARSAW PolandThe suffering Poles not only have
TO put up with they like but they also are
SUCK with foreign policy that hard to swallow
The Polish people feel natural kinship with Western
europe and America They feel emotional with their
Communsbl nghbor they Russia for her postwar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-06
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-06
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