davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-28
The Day the Bonus Army Was Defeated

has been represented many times
since as believing he still might
have effected control.
But the die was cast when the
Commissioners reported to Mr..
Hoover. In Q later statement he
said the bonus marchers were
being lied into violence no gov
eminent can tolerate" And so
he passed the word to Secretary
Hurley.
AS the cavalry moved from the
War Department down Pennsyl-
vania avenue. a group Of tanks
from another nearby Army post.
a battalion of infantry, and a
machine gun detachment swung
into line. Most Of the Washing
ton Police Department were de-
ployed around the Bonus Army
near Fourth Street as the troops
moved in.
Jeers and catcalls greeted the
soldiers. mostly youngsters with q
seasoning of older men who had
stayed in" They moved slowly
against the Bonus Army ranks,
the infantry in front with fixed
bayonets, the cavalry behind.
There was some showing and
pushing at the soldiers.
you wouldn't hurt your old
buddies. would you?" a few bonus
seekers shouted at the troops.
The Bonus Army ranks stiffened
a little bit. There was a curt audi
BILE order from one of the officers.
General Macarthur and his aide,
Maj. Patton, watched intently.
The news reel men swarmed.
The Retreot Begins
Suddenly tear gas sputtered into
the bonus ranks, they wavered,
and the retreat began. Relentlessly
but without brutality the infantry
and cavalry herded the bonus
army along. 1t spraddled out
across q park to the south. It
broke into handfuls of men, all
headed toward the river.
Tear gas sorties routed q few
rear guard actions Of the bonus
seekers. In a couple of hours the
troops had pushed the Bonus Army
several miles through the city and
across the Anacostia River. The
draw span was raised. Down.
town, whether by the troops, the
bonus marchers, or by accident,
flames whirled around the Penn
sylvania avenue camp.
Darkness came and fire Sput-
tered in the AnacoStia camp. The
Bonus Army moved out, carrying
its scanty belongings. The flames
cracked loudly. Gen. Macarthur
watched for a while and departed.
At midnight, Maj. GlaSSford and
a group of newspapermen walked
through the smouldering camp. It
was in the hands of the Army.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-28
HOUSE

HR 2474. Postal pay increase bin.
authorizing an across-the- board
raise Of s546 for postal field EN-
ployes. Passed 1898.
FOR; Broyhili Republican Of virgin!a
Harrison Democrat Of VirEinia
Landlord Democrat Of MARYLAND: HYDE.
Republican Of Maryland.
AGAINST! Smith. Democrat Of virginia
HR !. School Construction As
sistance Act Of 1857. Smith, Dem
ocrat Of Virginia. motion to strike
the enacting clause. killing the
bill. Agreed 20s-203.
F0Ri Broyhiii. Harrison. Smith. HYDE.
AGAINST; Lankford.
m 0,m~rnu-s~nai nwaS&~vavl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-28

ed soldiers, their khaki shirts wet
on their backs. 1t was midafter-
noon and the streets were quiet in
this part of town.
Up at the War Department the
cavalrymen flashed their sabers.
An official Army car pulled out in
front. In 1t were Gen. Douglas
Macarthur, in full uniform with
campaign ribbons displayed, and
a grim aide, Maj. George 8. Pat
ton.
This was one Of the more color
full events Of the summer Thurs
day, Is years ago today, which
went down in history as the day
Of the Bonus Riots"
A short while before, Secretary
of War Patrick Hurley had given
Gen. Macarthur, the Army Chief
of Staff, some brief orders. He
was to assemble the necessary
troops and cope with what the
District of Columbia Commission
ers had informed President Hoo
yer was a dangerous situation"
Down on Pennsylvania avenue,
q few blocks west of the Capitol, a
muttering. seedy throng OF men
were huddled on the exposed
decks of several half demolished
old buildings and scattered out
among the rubble. The location
was between Third and Sixth
streets. bounded roughly on the
south by now what was then Mis-
souri, avenue.
This was the main body Of the
Bonus Expeditionary Force Of
1882. Q now frustrated and defiant
legion Of men who had been en-
eamped in the Capital for many
weeks, seeking q cash bonus for
their participation in World War I.
Their demands had met with
some sympathy on Capitol Hill
but on June l6 the Senate had
defeated q House-passed bill
which would have provided a
form Of cash advance on adjusted
service certificates authorized by
Congress in 1924 for redemption
In 1945.
Army Of Thousands
"A Department Of Justice report
later estimated that about the
time the Third Cavalrymen were
posting across the Potomac bridge,
the bonus army" concentration
near the Capitol was between
1000 and 5000 men. Around the
city were scattered other rem
nants Of what once had been an
army Of 10000 men, with q
1prinkling Of women and children.
These were the bitter ehders.
Members Of Congress had gone
back to their constituents in q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-28

to do with its course and intensity.
IF means is ever found for
modifying or diverting the move
rnent of a hurricane" Project
officials report, st will likely de-
pend upon a modification of the
force fields within the storm itself,
possibly through some means of
shifting or intensifying the release
Of latent heat of fusion in one
storm sector.
Based on our present knowl-
edge. taltering) the release Of
latent heat in a sector would re-
quire the existence in the hurri-
cane Of large amounts Of super
cooled water drops. It would also
probably depend on locating po-
tentially unstable situations, since
small changes in stable situations
will be rapidly compensated.
THE possibility. however, that
the formation or the movement Of
a hurricane can at critical times
rest upon very delicate balance
Of forces offers an intriguing chal-
lenge."
The Initial GooIs
Determining these critical
times" and locating the unstable
situations" thus appears to be the
first goal Of the would-be hurri-
cane modifiers. Learning how to
take advantage Of them is the
second. and that is something
which will probably have to be
discovered through trial and error.
When and II such techniques
are accomplished. the benefits TO
the United States should be in
calculable. Not only could extern
sive hurricane damage be averted
1T hit 81 billion in 1855. but
positive values of tremendous
Importance might result.
Suppose. for instance. that
1878 next hurricane (Berthal
were brewing right now in the
West Indies. and suppose We knew
how 10 direct the storm and re-
duce its intensity. Then perhaps
a "tranquilized" hurricane could
be judiciously guided from Florida
TO Maine. providing needed mois-
ture TO the parched Eastern Sea-
board.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-28
NEARBY VOTES

Votes Of the nearby Maryland
and Virginia legislators on major
roll calls in Congress last week.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-28

Mr.. Monk wos one Of the reporters
who covered the Bonus Expedi-
tionory Fosee" Is yeor ego.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-28
BY EDMUND G. MONK

The handsome horses Of the
Afmy's Sd Cavalry Regiment
trotted briskly toward Washing
ton across the Arlington Memo
rial Bridge, glistening new and
white in the hot July sun.
Around the Lincoln Memorial
clattered the two troops Of mount
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
Poems Published
'ByD. Author, 90

Two volumes of poems in
translation have been published
by Washington author and
scholar Glen Levin Swiggett.
DR.. Swiggett, who lives at
1920 Twentieth street NV,
celebrates his Goth birthday
today. A former university pro-
fessor, he came to Washington
in 1915 to organize an inter-
American conference for the
State Department.
The author of several vol
umes Of poetry, he recently
published a terra rirna trans
lation of Dante's Divine
Comedy"
The two latest books are
called ''Sonnets from Foreign
Lands" and "Sonnets to Re-
member" Both are published
by the University Press, Sc
vance, Tenn. The first is q
collection Of translations Of
world-famous sonnets, printed
together with the French. Ger
man. Italian. Portuguese and
Spanish originals. The second
contains a Story on the Som
net" along with q selection Of
sonnets from the 18th to the
goth century.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
Schools Open
AsTeuchers
Bow to Writ

PAWTUCKET. r. l., Sept. is
R.-Public schools opened to-
day for 10000 students as 400
striking teachers bowed to a
court order. But the head of
the Teachers Alliance said the
strike for higher pay would re-
sumo If a stay of an injunc-
ton is obtained.
On strike since school OPEN
ing day. September 4, the
teachers returned to classrooms
this morning after voting to
comply with a Superior Court
Injunction. William C. Bray.
president Of the alliance said,
however. 1.-THE strike will 60
on If the State Supreme Court
grants a stay Of injunction"
If a stay is granted" Mr..
Bray told teachers in a radio
broadcast, I'VE will free our
selves Of these shackles which
the Superior Court has placed
against us. What other re-
course is there for us?"
The Superior Court held the
strike illegal. School authori-
ties rejected a teachers request
that the effective hour Of the
Injunction be delayed until
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
Typhoon Cormen
Butters Red Chino

TOKYO, Sept. is tRl.-One
Of three typhoons whirling in
the western Pacific struck the
southeast coast Of Red China
yesterday.
Peiping radio said today 302
houses were destroyed on Tung-
shan Island OF southern Fukien
province. injuring three per-
sons. bikes at two villages on
the mainland were preached.
the broadcast added.
This was typhoon Carmen. 1t
moved on to the mainland after
battering the east coast Of
Formosa.
Typhoon Della, its winds
down to 80 miles an hour, was
spotted 1.400 miles east of
Tokyo and curving northeast
ward away from Japan.
Typhoon Elaine, with LIS
mile winds, was sighted $40
miles south Of the United
States afr base island Of Two
Jima. The typhoon was swing
ing northwest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
Clashes in Africu
Leave 40 Dead

JOHANNESBURG. south
Africa. Sept. 16 LR.-Police
reinforcements moved into Jo-
hannesburg today to deal with
continuing skirmishing between
zulus and Basutos after week.
end clashes which resulted in
40 deaths.
Police said tribal tension
continued to mount in African
townships southwest of johann
nesburg and hundreds of At
rican women flocked to police
stations asking protection.
Major disturbances we're pre-
vented today by strong police
patrols. Weapons used in yes
terday's clashes included re-
volvers. homemade rifles. iron
bars, baseball bats, bicycle
chains and spears. At least 81
persons were hospitalized with
serious injuries, in addition to
the 40 slain.
Zulu tribeSmen claim they
have been attacked repeatedly
recently by Basuto 'gangsters"
and yesterdays serious fighting
started when Zulus attacked a
Basuto funeral procession.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
80 Allies Doctors
In Bethesda Class
D. &c Assoelated Press

Thirty medical officers from
the navies Of Is United States
allies began studies today OF
principles of medical manage
ment and preventive medicine
developed by the United States
Navy.
The 60-day course at the
Naval Medical Center. Bethes-
da. is being attended by ofhcers
from Chile, Cuba, Dominican
Republic. Germany, Haiti,
Italy. Japan. Korea, Mexico,
Norway, Peru. Philippine Re-
public. Taiwan (Formosa)
Thailand. Turkey and Wet
Nam.
In q message Of welcome,
Admiral Arleigh Burke. Chief
Of Naval Operations. said the
bond Of the sea- was one Of
the strong factors uniting the
free world nations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
Ex-King Leopold
To Tour A-PIunts
BY the Associated Press

Former King Leopold Of Bel
GUM will visit i've atomic
energy installations in a weeks
tour beginning today, the
United States Atomic Energy
Commission says.
The commission announce
ment yesterday said the King.
who is president Of the Belgian
National Commission for the
Progress Of Science. will be the
guest Of Acc Chairman Lewis
L. Strauss, . longtime friend.
The tour will include the
Brookhaven National LabOra-
tory in New York, Argonne Ma
tional Laboratory in Chicago.
Oak Ridge, Tenn, the nuclear
power plant nearing compile
ton at Shippingport. Pa. and
the Army package power re-
actor at Fort Belvoir. Va, the
Acc said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
PLANE

Continued From First Page
Bank of New York. died Of in
juries more than seven hours
after the crash.
BarOn's Wife Injured
Among the injured treated at
st. Luke's Hospital was Mrs.
Joan Won Koschembahr, 80,
Cleveland Heights. Ohio, daugh-
ter Of millionaire industrialist
Charles Grief Raible Of Cleve-
land and wife Of q German
baron.
The pilot, Vincent L. Pitts.
IS. Of Wellesley. Mass. was a
combat flyer in World War II
and few in the Berlin aiSlift of
l948-49 before he was made
a fight captain by Northeast
airlines in 1883.
Co-pilot Roger w. Sweetland,
jr.. 80, Of Arlington. Mass.
joined Northeast as a pilot in
1852 and was made fight cap
tain in November, 1856.
Other Victims
In addition to the pilot, CO.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
District Officials Ask
15% Rise in Public Aid

Sc per cent is provided by the
Federal Government.
The Fowler Office slashed
Welfare Department construc-
ton proposals by IS per cent.
The approved total Of $1.O5O.-
900 provided for a new ware
mouse and utility building at
d. c. Village and for various
building improvements. but ex-
cluded a requested 81 million
school building at the District
Training School. chapels at
three institutions and q num-
Der Of other projects.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
AREA JESUITS
KEEP SMOKES
PENDING BAN

Washington area Jesuits
who smoke will continue to
do SO until they get an
Interpretation from their
own superiors on Pope Plus
Kills exhortationi that
members Of the order give
up tobacco.
A spokesman pointed out
that the General Congre-
cation, supreme Jesuit pol
Icy body. is meeting now
in Rome. It was this body
which was urged by the
Pontih to give UP smoking
among other "superfiuous
things"
Washington lies in the
Maryland province, with
headquarters In Baltimore
under Father Provincial
William Maloney. Three
representatives from each
province are attending the
General Congregation to
chart the function Of the
worlds $4,000 Jesuits, in
cluding 5000 in America.
IF the order decides that
We should stop smoking,
well stop smoking" the
spokesman said. He said
the members Of the order
take the vows Of poverty,
chastity and obedience but
IF a priest wants to smoke
he gets permission to do
So"
Many Jesuits do smoke,
he said. and will continue
to do so until the General
Congregation or the Father
Provincial orders other
wise.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16

pilot and Mr.. Chace, the other.
killed In the crash were:
Miss Phoebe j. Bradshaw
Elmhurst. N. Y.
Alan Melhados Nantucket
Mass, and New York.
Miss Althea Eecles, Jamaica
NY
Eli Schless. New York.
Mrs. Mary Brownell, n. Fall
River, Mass.
Russell d. Bell. Montreal
Canada, and Edgartown, Mass
David L. Chapman, New
York and Edgartown.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16

after noon-after today's su.
preme Court hearing.
The teachers, currently paid
a NAHUM of $500 a year. re-
fused a school board offer to
raise maximums to $5,675 this
year and $5,875 next year, and
SCOTS thereafter. The teachers
asked $500 this year and
another $500 raise next year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
getting relatively less adequate
sums, officials said.
The new plan would benefit
large families most.
Monthly checks for single
persons would show little in
crease. according to welfare
spokesman. while a large fam
ily might have its allotment
boosted 20 per cent or more.
Donald Brewer, deputy well
fare director. gave these exam
piles Of how relief recipients
would be affected under a scale
set up by the special interde-
partmental committee:
A single adult, now receiving
$77 per month, would get $50.
Two adults, now receiving
SIP. would get $l19.
Two adults with one child.
now getting $134, would get
$l48.
One adult with three children
MIR. Brewer labeled this a
typical" family-now getting
$l46.9l monthly. would get
$l72.27.
An adult with five children,
now entitled to sls5. would re-
ceive S222.36.
Under the plan favored by
the Welfare Department the
scale would be considerably
higher, ranging from SGT for
the single adult to $241. ~
monthly for the adult with I'VE
children.
Clothing Aid is Greatest
Besides finding dispropor-
tionate allotments among var
ious categories Of relief re-
cipients. the committee also re-
ported that too much money
is now budgeted for clothing,
and not enough for food. This
also was corrected in the new
budget. officials said.
Welfare officers said the
Budget once. while accepting
the 1857 budget Standard in
place Of the 1853 formula. rec
commended dropping to a "low
low" Agriculture Department
food budget.
The Districts present re-
lief standard is based on a
''low" budget, which offers an
ampler diet. And the Agricul-
ture Department recommends
a still ampler budget which Is
labeled adequate" ofhcials
noted,
Whether Mr.. Shea and his
aides will urge the Commits
sioners to adopt one of the
higher food standards was not
indicated.
1900 on Relief Rolls
More than 1900 persons are
now on the Districts relief rolls.
About 10000. including more
than $500 children, are In the
Aid ! to Dependent Children
category, the one which would
benefit most from the recon-
mended relief expansion. ac-
cording to welfare officers.
The city is now sending out
relief checks at the rate Of
100000 per month. Of which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
oceon City Meeting

OCEAN CITY. Nd. Sept. Is
tR.-The Medical and chlrur-
eical Faculty of Maryland will
hold its semiannual meeting
here Friday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
MOUNTAIN CLIMBERS FALL TO DEATH

party brings down the body Mckay Portland
greg ar ne ana l. J. Qug 81 OF vancouver WASH fell to their
deaths yesterday They had to climb 2O0foot
Dome background in the Columbia River Gorge
Portland Both veteran climbers they apparently trapped
crumblng rock-AP Wrephoo -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08
Nixon Proposals Africo
Praised by Four Senators

Senator Aiken. Republican of
Vermont, said Mr.. Nixon's rec
concentrations on his recent o.
day trip to eight African nations
merit prompt congressional con-
sideration.
Mr.. Nixon's 3,500-word official
report to President Eisenhower
was made public over the week
end. 1t contained no startling
new proposals, although Mr.
Nixon mildly criticized some for
|eign aid operations and what he
called information failures In
that continent.
Senator. Mundt said he agrees
with Mr.. Nixon that africa will
be a major battle ground" be-
tween Communist and free worlt
concepts in the immediate future
IF we should try to use the
same old ideas Of past foreign
aid programs they will fail anc
might well bankrupt u.s." Sena-
tor Mundt said. He lauded Mr.
INixon's proposals for an in.
creased exchange Of students
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08

leaders and technicians with new
African nations.
Senator Mansfield said he was
pleased that "at long last the
administration recognizes the
Importance of Africa. the second
largest continent"
He noted Mr.. Nixon's COM
ment that Communists were dis
|torting reports on treatment OF
minority races in the United
States" in an effort to create an
|tagonism in Africa for this
country.
I'VE cannot talk equality to
the peoples of Africa and Asia
and practice inequality in the
United States" Mr.. Nixon said
lin his report.
Senator Mansfield said this
country was facing UP to prob
lens Of racial minorities land We
are making progress"
1.-THE new nations Of Africa
are looking to us for guidance
and help" Senator Aiken said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08
BY the Associated Press

-Four senators Of both parties
today commended Vice President
Nixon's recommendation for
more emphasis on United States
relations with Africa to Offset
Communist infiltration and in
trigue.
Senator Mansfield, Democrat
of Montana, assistant Senate
Democratic leader. said Mr.. Nix
on's proposal for a new Bureau
of African Affairs in the State
Department. already has been
approved by the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee"
Senator Sparkman, Democrat
of Alabama, agreed the idea OF
a separate bureau was better
than Jumping this area together
with South Asia and the Middle
East as was done in the past"
Senator Mundt. Republican oil
outh Dakota. said .'this is a vast
new continent that requires new
IDEAS" and he lauded several OF
Mr.. Nixon'S suggestions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08

tI1c ultCItlCM.
1T was a bad telephone cali I
made, frankly" he said. Il
should have called by Congress
man or my Senator"
Mr.. Wynn, from Knoxville,
Tenn, testified he never used
Mr.. Ross official position in any
way to promote business for
various clothing firms in which
Mr.. Wynn and his sister, Mrs.
Ross. were interested.
Mr.. Ross resigned from his
post after an earlier congress
sional inquiry, saying he had
severed connections with the
Wynn firms long ago but felt
nevertheless that his usefulness
was impaired.
Tells About Call
Volubly. an dat time excitedly,
Mr.. Wynn gave this account Of
the bad telephone CALI:
Southern Athletic Co, headed
by him, had contract to manu.
facture Marine uniforms and
had ordered cloth from a mill
under a guarantee that it would
conform to Marine specifica-
tons.
But the first uniforms deIiv-
cred were rejected by Marine
purchasing officers on the ground
the cloth was too heavy.
Somebody was going to take
terrific loss and it would not be
Southern Athletic" Mr.. Wynn
said. He testified he decided to
see whether he could persuade
the Marines to accept the uni
FORMS at a price reduction of
81 each.
Called Brother-in-Law
Turned down by Marine off,
Gals in Philadelphia. he said he
came to Washington and called
my brother in : law to ask
whether 1t would be possible for
him to call these people and see
whether they could see me for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08
TV Quiz Whiz
Runs Winnings
To$152,OOO

NEW YORK. April 8 Dr.
Theodore Nader, a $70-a-week
Army warehouse clerk from st.
Louis. became the top money
winner on a single television
quiz show last night when he
boosted his total take to $751;
900.
Mr.. Nader successfully with
stood a challenge by Mrs. Lowell
Thomas, jr., on the CBS-TV
show THE $4,000 Challenge. F"
He added another $32, 900 to the
fortune he first started piling up
on the program last August.
Mr.. Nader correctly gave:
l. The names OF five coun-
tries lying on the equator
Belgian Congo, French Equator
ial Africa, Kenya, italian Som
aliland, Uganda.
2. The names of three South
American countries on the equa-
tor--Brazil, Colombia and Ecua-
dor.
3. The names of four Indones-
ian Republic islands larger than
5000 square miles and lying on
the equator-Sumatra, Borneo,
Celebes, Halmahera.
4. The name of the country or
island where the equator crosses
each OF these four rivers--the
Caqueta Colombia. the Lual-
aba Belgian Congo). the Kapuas
CBorneo) and the Cuba italian
Somaliland).
Another big quiz show winner,
Charles Van Doren, netted $129,-
600 on NBC-TV's Twenty One
until eliminated.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-08

During the interview which
Mr.. Ross arranged, he said, he
never mentioned his brother-in-
law nor tried to apply any pres
sure, and:
They said no they wouldn't
accept the uniforms at 81 OF
under any circumstances and
they kicked me out of the Office
frankly. I wasn't there more
than 20 minutes.
The subcommittee said Mr.
Ross and his wife also have
agreed to testify at the public
hearings.