davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Filipino forum. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1928-196?, 1957-09-27

ate to find few unemployed and
most of them are not problems of
society," but are living on their
social security or unemployment
benefit. Roughly speaking, Flip
mos are drawing about $4,000 a
month in wages, $4,000 derived
from petty business and $3.50
from miscellaneous sources. These
are minimum estimates not based
on statistical research, so anyone
can draw his own figures. It could
be assumed, however, that Filipinos
in Seattle are financially self
sufficient and potentially rich. They
can be considered above average
among the minority groups.
Income Statistics
Where does all this income go?
The answer to this query is
enough to make anyone embarras-
sed Among families, about fifty
percent of their savings probably
go to installments on homes, furn-
iture and other home needs; ten
percent undoubtedly go to bonds or
savings, and the remainder for
miscellaneous items. But with
others, all their income either go
to gambling losses, vices and other
unaccounted-for items. Are Filipin-
os engaged in any business where
in a number of them form a cor
poration for profit? There were
some companies and corporations
founded only to die out because of
poor leadership. crooked manipula-
lions and too ambitious desire for
profit beyond their just returns.
In other words. our communities
are desperately in need of bust
ness leaders business leaders edu-
Gated in the value of group enter
prise. not in an "everyone-for-him-
SELF attitude We often hear such
expressions from our present lead
ers as team work" unity in
action" united we stand, divided
we fall" lin unity tn ere S
strength. and many others at club
meetings or just in group converse
tions. But, if we look around and
see if any of these wonderful
thoughts are put into practice,
alas and behold one could not
find any. F'ilipinos like to talk big
things, intelligent and constructive
ideas. but they remain doing two
bits enterprises. They have not
learned to work together consis-
tent with their talent Of talking
and creating big. big ideas to-
gether
Business Venture With a Future
If only Filipinos would create
business corporation in which each
family invests at least ten percent
of its income, that would undoubt-
edlv be sufficient to start the
dreamed-of and much talked-about
clubhouse. The Filipino families
must be the bulwark behind this
enterprise because the benefits de-
frontinttad on PAGE hA
Filipino forum. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1928-196?, 1957-09-27
Trusted Business Leaders Required
10 MateriaIize Clubhouse Project

noe we do not with all
IN the following article it's publication
ry reflect the policy stand of the
OF public
the survival of the democratic to healthy
nuty we invite articles
By Mariana B. Angeles
In the February g. 1857 issue of the Filipino Forum
wrote an article in which submitted plan on how to finance
the building of Filipino clubhouse Thanks million to Mr.
Veasco publisher and editor of the Forum for his kind and
generous consideration of printing it.
Filipino forum. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1928-196?, 1957-09-27

ISAIAS BOLIMA (right) Boy
Scout executive from the Phil
ipines, is being shown statistics
about Boy Scouts in America by
George &c. Alexander, assistant
to the Scout Executive of the
Seattle Area Council. MIR. Bo-
lima is visiting in Seattle until
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-17
Solutions

The most likely solution to the
whole problem is the probability
that the Suez will be cleared by
March is. by which time Europe will
have been helped over the winter
hump by the present voluntary pro-
gram.
But should this be delayed, or
should shipments Of crude oil to
Europe drop again. President Eisen-
hover has at his fingertips two
ready-made solutions in the form
Of presidential authority:
. Under the Defense Production
Act. he can order a reduction in
the amount Of gasoline being re-
fined in this country. This would
reduce the temptation any exporter
might have to unload" unneeded
gasoline on Europe, since it would
start an immediate and speedy
reduction in the more than two
months supply Of gasoline now on
hand in this country.
. The President has authority UNI
der the Trade Agreements Act
to restrict imports Of any item that
endangers the health of any seq
ment Of American industry or is
not in the best interests of national
security. domestic producers say
that the present rate of crude oil
imports qualities in both cate
gories.) Such a cutback in oil i'm
ports would automatically divert
to Europe the half million barrels
Of crude oil--exactly Europe's need
in the crisis-that is being brought
In daily from Venezuela.
Meanwhile. plans for more refin-
ing cutbacks have been announced
by several major companies, and
crude oil shipments have begun to
inch higher as gasoline shipments
dropped. But the situation. said
Defense Mobilizer FlemminP Thurs
day, while encouraging, still needs
more effort. particularly in the
area OF refining.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-17
SOME HELP FOR THE LAYMAN
The Facts Behind the European Oil Dispute

ate extensive holdings in Latin
American countries and prefer to
ship oil from the Caribbean to the
Gulf Coast ports and then to their
own refineries. Before the Suez
crisis, they also moved much crude
oil from the Middle East, where 1t
can in some places be produced
for as little as 10 cents a barrel
t42 gallons. More than IL million
barrels daily were imported from
Venezuela and the Middle East
before the Suez stoppage, and there
is still some coming from the
Mideast, bypassing. Of course.
Europe en- route.
Imports Increases
Despite the fact that the tanker
route from the Caribbean to Europe
is much shorter than the way from
the Gulf Coast to Europe, the big
companies, including those on the
Presidents Emergency Committee,
have increased imports into this
country from Latin America. Critics
Of this policy argue that If this
oil could be diverted to Europe,
domestic production would take
care Of domestic needs and the
problem would be solved.
But the imported oil is cheap
oil. heavy with profits. The big
companies fear that If they cut
imports now. they might have to
live with the reductions even after
the Suez is cleared.
The importers also argue that
they must bring in Venezuelan
crude oil because they can't be
assured Of immediate and ade-
quate deliveries from United States
producers. Spokesman for the In
terror Department and some Of the
investigating Congressman say that
II these Venezuelan imports were
diverted to Europe. much Of the
shortage would be taken care Of.
Therein lies one OF the central
issues In the long feud within the
oil industry between the independ-
ent producer, large and small, and
the big companies who not only
produce. but also process. trans
port and market all over the world.
The big international companies
can make more money out Of re-
filming. so they prefer to concentrate
on 1t. Hence their reluctance to
substantially reduce refinery runs.
The oil they import for refining
here is cheaply produced, much TO
the chagrin Of the independents.
who argue that since this is In
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-17
BY DAVID KOONCE

The failure of Western Europe
to receive from this hemisphere the
100000 barrels Of crude oil it needs
daily to tide it over the Suez oil
drought has been blamed alter
nately on a dictatorship" Of the
Texas Railroad Commission and
that vague behemoth the oil in
dustry."
The role Of each Of the alleged
culprits in our difficulties in keep
ing our allies homes warm and
machines rolling is so complex that
it seems to be hazy even to some
Of the many investigators in the
House. Senate. Interior Department
and Justice Department who are
looking into the matter.
To what extent is each Of the
two--the commission and the in
dustry-responsible for what De-
Tense Mobilizer Arthur S. Flem-
ming has called the disappointing"
amount Of crude oil and fuel oil
being moved to Europe?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-17
Commissions Role

1t has been charged that the
Texas Railroad Commission, which
regulates oil production in the
State that produces more than 40
per cent OF our domestic oil, has
been guilty Of "a an attitude OF
blatant, typically Texan independ-
ence In refusing to grant substan-
tial increases in oil production quo
tas; (2) a desire to shape American
foreign policy, and 80 an attempt
to create an artificial shortage"
in oil everywhere. forcing price
increases.
The three-man commission was
set UP in 1891 to regulate railroad
rates and TO keep an eye on rail-
road finances. 1t gradually took on
more authority, and In 1919 was
given authority over oil and gas
Though not oil reflning). The oil
and gas division Of the commission
has headquarters In Austin. with
IL district Offices. The 235 persons
on the staff Of the division include
dozens OF engineers. biologists and
other experts.
In theory, at least, the commits
sion concerns itself almost exclu-
sively with the conservation aspects
OF oil and gas production. II oper-
ates IN that field under a general
conservation law. and the produce
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-17

ton quota system, In order not to
conflict with the State constitu-
ton, was based on conservation.
Specific prohibition against the
waste of oil is written into Texas
statutes and definitions OF waste
are closely drawn. One definition
bars production of crude oil beyond
the demands of the market and the
capacities of transportation facili-
ties,
This factor, then. is one Of the
many that commission officials say
must guide them in setting pro-
duction quotas. They point out
that conservation does not mean
boarding. Rather, it involves the
sound use and regulation of the
reservoir energy that forces the
oil to the surface from the depths.
This energy quickly expends itself
II left uncontrolled.
AIIocotes Demond
In tailoring production to de-
mand, the commission allocates the
demand for Texas oil among the
fields In the State and requires
that purchasers take equitably
from all fields. This means that
producers whose wells are not con-
nected to a pipeline-there are
8,344 such wells in the State
are given an equal chance at the
market with more fortunate pro-
ducers. This practice. the COM
mission says. helps promote devel-
opment Of the resource.
In setting its production quotas,
the commission uses engineering
data on every oil well in Texas.
From this data II calculates the
rate at which the underground
reservoir energy is being expended.
The commission has answered
its critics by saying that any fur
ther increase in production levels
would not be in the interest of
conservation, and therefore. con-
trary TO Texas law. AS a matter
OF fact, the commission has in
creased the "allowables" since the
Suez crisis began. In December
the daily quota was raised 10000
barrels; in January 1t was lowered
$4,000 barrels, but for February
II was raised another 10000 bar
rels. for a net increase OF 100000
barrels daily since November.
The Railroad Commission has
been criticized for It's failure to
relax its policy Of requiring buyers
10 take oil equitably from all fields.
1t Is argued that II the wells and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-17
Industry's Role

When the trouble first began
IN the Suez region last year. the
Eisenhower administration organ
ICED Is Of the major American oil
companies doing business all over
the world to handle the problem
Of keeping Western Europe sup
piled in case the canal should be
closed. The group, known as the
Middle East Emergency Committee,
was given immunity from certain
antitrust laws in case Of such a
crisis.
It was agreed that Western
Europe would need to receive about
100000 barrels of crude oil daily
II the canal were closed. The Emer-
gency Committee. members Of
which are said to control almost
half Of the worlds oil tankers, was
to reach and maintain this goal
voluntarily.
The crisis came, but the oil was
not delivered in sufficient quanti-
ties. Europe was getting plenty Of
gasoline from us, but 1t was crude
oil she needed. Gasoline stocks
scared to the point Of almost be-
coming a glut in this country, and
1t was charged that the big oil
companies were forcing Europe to
take the gasoline in order to get
the needed crude oil. Many Of the
big companies, in the face of threats
from Congress TO investigate until
II hurt, began to cut back on their
gasoline refinery runs. But the cut
back was not enough. The volun-
tary plan plainly was not working.
tReports from Europe since have
indicated that the shortage was
not so critical as was first feared.
but still Western Europe is expected
TO get only 80 per cent of its needs
for the first quarter Of 1851.
Many Of the big companies oper-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-17

be used against himself or his
friends.
We understand that the Govern
ment of the United States, having
a sincere belief in-and legitimate
regard for-the law, would like to
see the United Nations become
respected moral court recognized as
such by all nations. We agree but
shall indicate further the condi-
tons of such recognition.
And now:
We do not understand that un-
der any circumstances the United
States should take the risk to alien
ate Western Europe, which repre-
sents a military and industrial po-
tential infinitely greater than the
neutral block and a civilization
much nearer to that Of America.
An alliance between America and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-17
MIXED RECEPTION
A Frenchmon Views Our Policy

Western Europe remains the best
and even the only chance of main
tanning peace in our time.
We do not understand that, II
the government of the United
States wishes quite rightly to build
the United Nations as a powerful
moral force, they should allow that
international court to have one law
for the Arab and one law for the
Jew, one law for the Russians and
one law for the Western allies.
If some nations Egypt, India are
permitted to get away with viola
tons Of the Charter, how could that
Charter be respected?
Justice is indivisible.
Equality. Not Superiority
A Turkish Foreign Secretary once
told me the following story. When
President Roosevelt, back from
Yalta, landed for a few hours. in
Turkey. that Turkish statesman
met him and said, Mr.. President,
we Turks feel very worried about
the immense concessions you Just
made to the Russians.
MY friend" answered F. D. R.,
you do not understand the Rus
slams. / know them. They have
been badly treated and they suffer
from an inferiority complex. Treat
them as equals and they will soon
take their place peacefully in the
great democratic family"
Mr.. President" said the Turkish
minister. "you certainly did cure
them. at Yalta. of their inferiority
complex. But you have given them
superiority complex of which the
world will suffer for a very long
time"
We are quite ready to recognize
all Middle Eastern nations, so far
as they abide by international law,
as our equals-but not as our bet.
tiers.
North American Newspaper Alliancey
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-17
THREAT TO WEST?
BY FRANK GERvASI

ROME.-It seems almost absurd
to think of that theological Ruri-
tania known as Albania as a threat
to Western security in the Mediter-
ranean. Yet, according to reliable
intelligence reaching this capital.
that is precisely what the country
is becoming-or has become-in
the firm hands of Soviet rulers.
Albania enjoyed brief eminence
and public sympathy as the hap
less victim Of Mussolini aggression
in the spring of 1889 and was
swallowed by communism in l945.
In l948 its dictator. Enver Hoxha.
one of the most obliging of the
Soviet puppets, broke with yugo-
slavia's Marshal Tito after having
allegedly supplied much Of the
evidence Of the latter's betrayal Of
Stalinism. ~
Such news OF the inner workings
OF the not-so-little satellite-Alba-
MIA is as big as all Of New England
minus Maine-as has trickled out
OF the country since. has been
scanty and often inaccurate. but
always disquieting. Reports assem-
bled in recent weeks. however.
establish one now indisputable
fact: Albania may be considered
a Soviet military base in the heart
Of the Mediterranean.
NAT0 Is Suspicious
NATO commanders have eyed
the country suspiciously for some
time. A glance at map explains
their concern. Albania lies directly
opposite the heel Of the Italian
boot. q mountainous enclave be-
tween Yugoslavia and Greece whose
200 miles or so of shoreline COM
mand the entrance to the Adriatic.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-17
MIXED RECEPTION

How are the people of Western
Europe reaeting to the new
United States foreign policy
emphasis on ,Dooing the neu-
tralist nations, particularly in
the Middle East?
Andre Maurois, a leading
French intellectual, here pre-
Sents his appraisal of the
reception ,De are getting. Mr..
Maurois, a longtime member of
the French Academy, is knotDn
for his many biographies, in
cluding the recent Leila: The
Life of George Sand" as Deu
as for his fiction.
BY ANDRE MAUROIS
PARIS.-There are, in the pres
ent United States foreign policy,
aspects we Western Europeans do
understand, and aspects we do not
understand.
We understand that the Gov
eminent of the United States wishes
to dissuade the neutral block lin
Guiding the Middle Eastern nations)
from going over to the Soviet side.
That is wise, first because the
support of those nations to the
Communist block would increase
the chances of war, secondly be-
cause some of the most important
sources of energy happen TO be in
the Middle East.
Fovor Doctrine With Guarantees
We understand that such pol
icy implies advantages offered to
those nations. For that reason,
we are in favor of the Eisenhower
plan for the Middle East, provided
guarantees are obtained (for in
stance, as to the use that will be
made of the military support given) /.
No sane man would give arms to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-17


achievements in his favor. Unfor-
tunately for him. the accumulation
Of errors and failures tends to crust
over the kind of success which
Americans normally expect from
their top public officials.
Whether Mr.. Dulles can switch
the balance back into his favor and
regain some Of the confidence which
he has lost in congressional circles
is a question. Presumably he can
not do 1t without making some
fundamental changes in his work.
ing habits. difficult problem for a
man of SO even If he felt so in
clined.
CThs Associated Pressl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-17

fields nearest the tidewater would
be allowed to produce at or near
capacity. the oil could quickly be
moved to nearby shipping points.
removing much of the bottleneck.
The commissions answer is that
If it were to allow this. these wells
soon would be exceeding their maxi
mum rates of efiiclency-again the
conservation factor. Also. the COM
mission says, this practice would
discourage search and development
in areas inland from the tidewater's
shipping facilities,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-17

While Western strategists limited
their thinking and planning to the
broad exigencies of great war,
meaning an atomic one. Albania
represented a minor peripheral
problem. 1t could be nudged out
of the play with difficulty.
But the Mediterranean picture
has changed substantially since
NATO came into being in 1949 and
particularly so since 1858, when the
Kremlin began its penetration Of
the Middle East.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-17

competition with the higher-coSt
oil here, it has depressing effect
on prices.
Representative Harris. Democrat
OF Arkansas. says that the States,
including Texas. might be induced
to increase production a bit if they
could be assured that cheap Middle
East oil would not flood the market
once the Suez is cleared.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-17

1t is in the light of the Soviet's
rifle-and-ruble diplomacy that AL
bania assumes suddenly an inn
portance out of all proportion to
its size. influence or resources.
That Importance is compounded
of it's slavish subservience to the
Kremlin. its geographic position
and, more significantly, its FREEDOM
inantly Moslem culture. For the
past year or so Hoxha has been
assiduously cultivating economic
and political relations with the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-17

orally Immoral" When this got a
kickback from countries like India
turkey was pleased. he reversed
himself by saying that his castiga-
ton did not mean anything because
there were few if any" neutral
countries in the sense he was talk
ing about them.
Even his friends conceded that
was tricky piece of reasoning by
Lawyer Dulles, who had suddenly
been summoned by Diplomat Dulles
to pull the United States out OF a
dilemma Of logic.
These and other contradictions OF
position, criticism or failure stood
in the background when Mr.. Dulles
went before House and Senate COM
mittees for long. grueling days of
cross-examination over the Eisen-
hover proposal for congressional
authority to use troops If necessary
and dollars on a large scale to save
the Middle East from communism.
A lack of trust In Mr.. Dulles on
the part of at least the Democratic
elements was bluntly stated by OPP
position Senators.
BY way Of comparison. when Mr..
Eisenhower asked Congress in jan
uary. 1855, for standby powers to
use military force If necessary for
the protection of Formosa, he made
his request on Monday, got House
passage on Tuesday (409-3). won
Senate passage on Friday 1853
and signed the bill on Saturday.
Mr.. Eisenhower's request for stand
by powers in the Middle East went
up on January 5 but this time the
congressional debate was measured
in weeks.
Hod Many Successes
Mr.. Dulles record is studded with
a long list Of foreign policy sue
cesses. He helped Mr.. Eisenhower
put an end to the Korean war
within a few months after taking
Office. He later claimed that he let
the Red Chinese know that the war
would be hroadened If they didn't
make a deal. He saw Iran pull
back from the edge of a Communist
coup and restored as an ally and
friend of the West.
He claimed some credit for the
will TO freedom in Poland and in
Hungary. although he feared that
the Hungarians' violence would
hurt their own cause because Of the
power which Russia could bring TO
bear against them. He launched a
plan to strengthen the Atlantic
alliance and broaden its political
powers. He talked down the Rus
SLAMS in the Berlin conference and
had a lot to do with holding the
line Of western solidarity in the
later meetings at Geneva
Thus. viewed In terms Of action.
Mr.. Dulles record has many
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-17

Mr.. Dulles most brilliant per-
Torrance in foreign affairs before
he took Office came in 1950-5l
when he was working as an adviser
to Secretary Of State Dean Acheson
and negotiated the Japanese peace
treaty.
In 1852, after he had worked with
the Democrats closely for several
years. he resigned and entered Mr..
Eisenhower's presidential campaign.
His criticism OF foreign policy on
fundamental points with respect
10 the Far East and Europe was
what he considered vigorous. but II
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-04
Aug. 5
s-Those Whiting Girls.

Whose whiting Girls.
The Whiting sisters keep insisting
thot their mother ocquire outside
interests, but when she does find
romantic interest the girls feor
they hove gone too Tor. Starring
Margaret and Borboro Whiting.
9:25
5.NewS. Matthew Warren.
$50
4-ATthuT MuFroy PoFty. CIR
Bert Lohr Gypsy Rose Lee. Paul
Winchell. June HoVoc. jack &.
Leonard. Rod Alexander ond
Bombi Linn.
5-Confidentiol File.
Epilepsy" Paul Coates.
7-lowr'ee Weeks Top Tunes.
From Hollywood, COLT.
9-Rieh0Fd Diomond. Crime.
Oiemond sets himself up os the
potential victim OF ;-ond-
run driver in order 10 free an
innocent man from PRISON David
Jonsscn stors.
1000
4-Amoteur Hour. Mack.
Aspiring entertainers Featuring
Lloyd Morx's orchestra.
S-Fomous Fights.
Rocky Morciono vs.. Jersey Joe
Wolcott. World heovywe;ehi
championship bout. Chicoeo Sto-
dunn. Moy IS. 1853.