davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10
On Supreme Court Appointments

the Attorney General. but
rather the proposed inde-
pendent commission would
function as an agency Of the
President to receive from
outside sources and from all
segments of the organized
bar suggestions Of names Of
persons deemed highly quail
fed 1t also sets forth that
nominations should not be
made Of persons over so
years Of age except in cases
Of promotions within the
judiciary" and that a proper
balance should be maintained
between appointees without
prior judicial experience.
those with prior State court
experience. and those pro-
NOTED within the Federal
judiciary"
It is further recommended
that mot more than 30 per
cent Of the members Of any
Federal court should come
from the political party Of
the appointing President"
All this adds up to q serious
attack against the present
system which has in It many
scandalous aspects. II the
background of some of the
appointments were generally
known, there would be wide
spread public indignation.
The Senate can do rela-
lively little investigating or
evaluating after an appoint
ment is submitted. Also, the
making of recess appoint
ments" to the Supreme Court
when the Senate is not in
session is one Of the bad
practices Of the present sys-
TEN because a nominee takes
the oath and sits on cases
before he is confirmed by the
Senate. The Houston plan
would cure this by a constitu-
tional prohibition against re-
cess appointments to vacan-
cies in the Supreme Court.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10

varies enormously from time
to time, for reasons not yet
understood. The mirrors also
are affected by changes in the
earth's magnetism, the aurora
and perhaps shooting stars
and thunderstormS.
An observable geyser of red
fire shot out for millions of
miles into space from the face
of the sun is often followed i'm
mediately by an ionospheric
disturbance. Long distance
radio communication may be
blotted out or may be sub
stantially limited.
Active sunspots sometimes
cause a major paralysis in long
distance communications This
is particularly true in higher
ATTITUDES where communications
sometimes are disrupted for
days at a time.
Many Stations Planned
An ICY pattern of ionosphere
observing stations has been
planned to provide a global
picture of the normal iono-
spheric layers and the circum-
stances which attend their dis
ruption. These stations send out
waves vertically and receive
the reflections at a nearby re-
ceiver. This program will be
supplemented by oblique meas
urements which will extend
the area of exploration from
500 to 1900 miles around each
location. The information from
this network of sounding sta
tons will be assembled into
worldwide patterns-much as
weather maps now are made UP
from which reliable radio
communications then can be
developed.
Predicting the future state
Of the ionosphere is one of the
major problems in radio phys
les. The prediction must indi-
cate whether direct contact
will be possible. the freduen-
cies to be used if the posi-
bility is good. or the practical
ity sof resorting to alternate
radio routes for vital commu-
nications.
At present there are about rs
ionosphere sounding stations
throughout the world. AS many
more will be set up during the
next 10 months to fill gaps in
the observing network.
J. The United States now oper-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10

perpetuation Of tn einterest Of
young people in flowers, were
Mrs. Frances Austin. $500
Thirteenth street NV; Mrs.
Wilhelmina B. Opey. so Ran
dolph place NV; Mrs. Berlean
Ellison. 1896 K street Sc:
Misses Betty johnson and
Doris Harris Of 1882 Eleventh
street NV. and Marcus
Saunders. jr.. 1906 Eleventh
street NV.
The awards were presented
by Judge Andrew j. Howard,
jr.. Of Municipal Court.
William o. Perry, aSsocia-
ton president, was introduced
by Evelyn o. Chisley. executive
secretary and codirector of the
local guild.
The dinner was followed By
a'"fashion show with flowers, I"
presented by DeVore"s Charm
Schol. 2419 Benning road NE.
The convention. which in
cluded social hours and busi-
ness ad executive session, end
ed this morning with a closing
session at the hotel.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10
Is Flower Guild
Members Cited

Six outstanding members of
the Washington Flower and
Garden Guild, Inc, were re-
cipients here last night Of GER
tificate awards at the fifth an
nual convention of the Interna-
tional Florists Association.
The presentations we're a
highlight of the convention
banquet at the Statler Hotel,
attended by some 200 partici-
pants in the four-day affair.
Honored ''in recognition Of
their interest and efforts in
the promotion of the principles
and aims of the guild" the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10
DORIS FLEEsoN
Cloud Over Civil Rights Debate Seen
In Charge Against Brownell on Bill

A cloud has been cast over
the civil rights debate by the
charge Of highly respected
Southerners that Attorney
General Brownell was guilty
of deliberate deception in the
pending legislation.
The Southerners have
scored heavily at the start
by catching President Eisen-
hover OF base. The President
admitted his distress over
what they claimed was in
the bill. He said there we're
some phrases in 1t he, HIM
self. did not understand.
What he did not seem to
realize was that he could not
afford to let any impression
gain ground that his Attorney
General was trying any fancy
footwork on this inflammable
issue. The President failed
to defend Brownell strongly
against any such imputation
and still has not done so.
The result is that the OPEN
ing stages of the debate find
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10

We are likely to overlook
an important influence, psy-
chologically and under the
surface, in the ordeal in the
Senate over civil rights legis-
lation. This is the change
of background and circum-
stances from a decade ago,
in the middle and late l940s.
when Southern Democratic
filibusterers successfully held
the line against civil rights
bills.
In the years since then the
United States has become
the show window and the
beacon light for freedom
everywhere in the contest
with Soviet Russia for the
minds of men. Now as not
then, in fact as not ever be-
fore, the civil rights drama
will be played out in our
Senate under a spotlight that
will reveal it to the whole
world. The actors will become
conscious, as never before,
that the whole world can see
them. No longer can this
issue. be regarded as merely
a domestic issue.
incidentally, the day-by-
day story of what goes on in
the Senate on civil rights leg
islation is going out to all the
world. along with other news
from Washington, by way of
the United States Informa-
ton Agency's news service
and the Voice of America.
This broadcasting and trans
mission OF news OF our Gov
eminent by these two agen-
cies is itself another of the
developments of recent years,
coincident with our asSump-
ton Of the leadership of the
free peoples Of the world and
those who want to be free.
The recognition Of our
responsibility was evident
among leaders of both parties
in the Senate as this melting
issue became their problem.
The Democratic Party is
more vulnerable because Of
its Southern wing and there
fore the more sensitive.
Especially on the spot is its
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10

Eleventh Of q Series
will be a major worldwide
project for the next 10 months
during the International Geo.
physical Year.
known Since Radio Began
From the first exchange of
radio signals between North
America and Europe at the
beginning Of the century.
civilization has been more and
more dependent on these
electric mirrors. Their exist
ence, however. was no more
than a Notwithstanding
to explain why radio waves,
moving in straight lines, could
get beyond the horizon-until
1925 when Drs. Merle TIVE
and George Brett of the Car
negie Institution of Washing
ton demonstrated that a radio
signal sent directly upward
would be returned to a nearby
receiver.
Since that time there has
been an enormous amount Of
research on the atmosphere.
The more physicists learn the
more complex the problems
become. The attitudes and
rejecting abilities of the mir
rors are changing constantly
and subject to many exter-
nal influences. Within the re-
gion are dense layers of ion
lied gases which change rad
ically from day to day, sea-
son to season and year to
year. Moreover, they differ
markedly at different locations.
Tied to Ultraviolet Light
1t now is believed that ultra
violet light from the sun, rel
atively little Of which reaches
the earth. is the principal
agent which accounts for the
ionosphere. This incoming ra-
diation knocks out electrons
from sparse atoms high in the
atmosphere. producing a
highly electrified region. But
the ultraviolet radiation itself
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10
Issue Is Viewed as Being Played Out
In Senate Under World Spotlight

Senate leader, who is him.
self a Southerner, a Texan,
and, as we'll, an aspirant for
his party's 1860 presidential
nomination. Senator Lyndon
johnson clearly sees and &C.
cepts the obligation Of him.
self and his party in this
crucial test. Just before the
debate began he said:
1T is very important to
let the country and the world
know that the Senate can
discuss a controversial sub
ject such as this in an at
mosphere free Of invective
and vindictiveness. Certainly
I shall do everything / can
to see that this Is done"
After the first days debate,
which he called "a good omen
for the future" he said I'VE
are all aware" that the people
of the country consider the
issue "a test Of our demo-
cratic processes" AS for him.
self. he expressed complete
confidence in the ability Of
the Senate to measure up to
any reasonable test"
Equally conscious Of the
international implications of
the handling of this issue
by the Senate are the two top
Republicans who are partic-
ipants-Senator Knowland,
the Senate COP. leader. and
Vice President Nixon. The
latter discovered its impor-
lance for us in his tour in
Africa. now the scene Of the
newest Eaovement of liberia
ton away from colonialiSm
toward national independent
identities. Both the Califor-
mans are rivals for the 1860
Republican presidential
nomination.
Southern Democrats are
unlikely to find it suitable
to stage a f1libuster in the
silly fashion that was con-
doned in less critical times
of the past. That would seem
out of place now. Also the
responsibility Of our world
leadership. in which they are
partners. seems sure to be-
come a factor that will push
them toward eventual &C
quiescence in the Inevitable
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10
Southerners Score in Debate

Senator Ervin's attempts to
commit him firmly about its
effect on related issues as
school segregation.
AT the same time, the
Southerners clearly chose
the ground for their fight
the floor of the Senate with
unlimited debate. a gallery
full Of leading correspondents
and the South's best orators,
lawyers and parliamentarians
on the job. What the South
now complains Of was barely
mentioned to the House.
The South has cried wolf"
so often it tends to lose its
audience. It is not necessarily
proof Of malign intent to
refer - as the Brownell bill
does to reconstruction
statutes.
This much can be said of
any civil rights fight. The
South has enormous advan-
tages. 1t has for the most
part real conviction and able,
respected and well-liked men
to fight for them. 1t has made
a fine art of the tyranny Of
the numerically weak in the
Senate. The parliamentary
situation is largely of its
own making.
1t can be expected to-and
will-f1nd, seize and shrewdly
exploit any weakness of the
other side, any disingenuous-
ness. any failure to defend
ground or any opening that
occurs. The hasSle over the
reading of the bill-still I'M
decided at this writing
proves that.
Republicans started with
the votes to put the bill over.
They necessarily have liberal
Northern Democrats in their
corner who cannot be swayed.
But the Senate can be swaye6l
and the situation is ready
made for the doubters and
the heSitant.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10
POTOMAC FEVER.
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Ike will vacation Rhode Island instead Of Denver,
Cape Cod or Minnesota. Like Harry Truman says Worst
job in the world. Decisions decisions, decisions.
Treasury Secretary Humphrey spends his eleventh day
before Senate committee cabinet officers chief job
keeping Congressman posted what he would have done
If they'd given him time to do it.
Politics has hit dead Polls show the people like
the Democratic Party bes-and would hate to break the
spell by letting it the country.
Final report on the Russian shake-up: Khrushchev is
undsputed leader and will sit for his official portrait with
his folded in trmph-and his fingers crossed in
-
Japanese Tokyo demonstrate in front Of the United
States Embassy One thing about America. Nobody
of hoggng all the prizes in the popularity contests
Televson has of age. Old movies being dis
placed by old televlsion shows.
The Senate civil rights debate may all summer.
Every Senator has open mind Any arguments of the
opposition will wecomed-without sop-over privileges
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10
Bor Association to Study Houston Plan
For Selecting Only Predicting Judges

last resort Of the 48 States.
and a favorable response
was noted. It proposes a
constitutional amendment
that would take the appoint
ing power away from the
President altogether and
place 1t in the hands Of q
representation" from each
Of the 40 States. Each State
would have one vote, divided
equally between the members
Of the highest court In each
State.
The only prospective ap-
pointees to be considered. ac-
cording to the Houston plan,
would be members Of the
U. s. Circuit Courts of APP
peal and judges in the high
est State courts. Only those
with five years Of consecutive
service on either the circuit
court Of appeals or the high
est state court would be eli
gible.
The American Bar Associa-
ton Journal. in a recent is
sue. revealed that "a far
reaching proposal" is being
considered by the associa-
tons Committee on the Fed
eral Judiciary. It urges that
all Federal judicial appoint
ments be completely re-
moved from the area of po-
litical patronage"
The Journal says the reso-
luton is more comprehen-
sive in scope than any pre-
vious a association policy
declaration as to Federal
judicial selection"
The resolution declares,
that appointments should
be made from among judges
and lawyers possessing the
highest qualifications; sugges-
tions for nominations should
not originate in the Office of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10
THOMAS 1. STOKES
Background for the Rights Fight

ity of civil rights legislation
If, as now seems probable,
they win some compromises.
Another factor, of course.
which is most persuasive
with their party leader
Senator Johnson-is the need
to get this issue behind them
so they can unite for next
years congressional elections
and the 1860 presidential
election.
The last long filibuster on
a direct civil rights measure
was the 18-day talkfest by
which Southern Democratic
Senators defeated a proposed
Federal Employment Prac-
tees Act in January Febru-
airy, 1916. That was only a
few months after the end
of the Second World War
and a few months after
the assumption of President
Harry s. Truman. Only a
month after President Tru-
man had succeeded Franklin
D. Roosevelt he opened a
fight for the F.E.PC.
Two years later. in a
special message to Congress.
February Z, 1948, he recon-
mended his famous civil
rights legislative program
based on the report of a
special commission he had
appointed soon after taking
Office. His program was far
reaching, including not only
the three parts of the cur
rent Eisenhower program. but
seven other legislative rec
concentrations.
Soon after his surprise 1948
election, President Truman
reopened his drive for his
program. To clear the way.
he got his Senate leaders to
try to amend Senate rules to
prevent f1libuSters. That, it
self, produced a 17-day fill
buster in February-M March,
1949, which ended with an
amendment to the rules
making it even harder to
break a filibuster. which is
still in effect today.
1t was prior to that, in
July. 1913, that Republicans
encountered a 1ilibuster when
they tried in the 80th Re-
publican Congress to pass
an 'anti-poll tax amendment.
That was abandoned after
five days.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10

Brownell-the man who
wrote the bill and will be
charged with enforcing it.
deeply on the defensive. And
the trouble is that he does
not have that standing and
popularity in the Senate
which would rally able de-
tenders to his side.
The reverse is true. Sena-
tors are not impressed by
Brownell's legal attachments
and many of them resent
what they regard as his
highly political conduct Of
his Office. He has paid heav-
lily here and elsewhere for
his early attack on the loyalty
of former President Truman.
1t is difficult for a layman
to Judge the merits Of the
Southern indictment. Sena-
tors Russell. Erwin and others
are ably developing it. The
long record indicates Brow
nell certainly stressed only
the right to vote" aspects
of the bill and turned aside
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10
DAVID LAWRENCE

From one end Of the coun-
try to the other, many MEM
bers Of the bar are unhappy
over the destruction of long
standing precedents and the
wreckage Of historic princi-
Piles by the Supreme Court Of
the United States in recent
decisions.
When the American Bar
Association meets in New
York next week, it will have
before 1t some important res
olutions which question the
present system Of appointing
Supreme Court justices.
For the existing system,
whereby a President appoints
justices to satisfy certain
political influences. not only
is resulting in the selection Of
men without judicial expert
ence, but 1t has brought
about a loss Of confidence in
the high court as a judicial
institution.
1t Is an open secret that,
In the last several decades,
appointments Of Supreme
Court justices under both
Republican and Democratic
administrations have been
largely political. Instead of
finding the most capable men
of judicial experience. the
tendency is to pick those
who fit certain political re-
quirements. Some of these
Requirements" are sectional,
some of them are religious
and some Of them are pal
pably ideological-an attempt
to find conservative or liberal
justices to At precoAceived
viewpoints.
One suggested reform,
sponsored BY the Bar AS
ISOLATION Of Houston, Texas,
was submitted in 1865 to
the Governors. the attorneys
general and the courts Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10

to reconcile family and mar
ital disputes.
2. Establish q new voluntary
agency to provide social-work
homemakers who would work
To hold together Families dis
rlpted by illness. death, age
or disability.
Sees Money Savings
In recommending such an
agency, Mrs. Ernest @. Warren
cnairn. an of the UCS home
maker service committee. told
the executives that the plan
would save the city money. cut
long-term disqualification and
reduce the number OF young
sters and old folks sent to fos-
ter homes or institutions.
The committee also took the
first step toward promoting q
merger OF planning and BUD
getting operations of the areas
six health and welfare councils
with the operations Of the pro.
posed area-wide Health anc
Welfare Council Of the Ma
tional Capital Area, Inc. -.
Philip w. Amram. UCs
president, was authorized u
sign a merger agreement aitei
at least three other Community
Chest groups promise TO follow
suit.
The proposed areawid {
council was formed this year tc
better administer planning
stan, fund and volunteer oper-
atoms Of the Chests in'the Dis
triet. Prince Georges County
montgomery County, Airing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10

ates or supports II stations.
During the year 1t will be re-
sponsible for the establishment
of II more. Several are being
set up at the various bases in
the Antarctic, one at Thule in
Greenland, and one on sea ice
north of Alaska. Additional
stations will be established at
st. Johns, Newfoundland. in
Florida and in the Pacific. Four
will be set up comparatively
with South American govern
ments. Intensified research will
be undertaken along the west
coast of South America in the
region of the magnetic equa-
tor, where very unusual and at
present inexplicable effects are
reported.
To Study "Whistlers"
An important part Of the
program will be q study OF
"whistlers." These constitute
a special kind of natural radio
signal in the very-low-fre-
quency range. They are be-
lieved to be caused chiefly by
energy from lightning dis
charges that has travelled from
one hemisphere to the other
along lines of the earth's mag
netic field.
If this is the right explana-
ton. it is pointed out, the point
of reflection must be several
thousand miles above the
earth's surface from what is
probably the uppermost of the
mirrors" Thus there is a pos
sibility Of detecting solar Joni
cation far beyond the reaches
of the known ionosphere.
Tomorrow: Great Undersea.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10
PROBING THE UNIVERSE
Mirrors Around Earth
Reflect Radio Waves
BY THOMAS r. HENRY
Science Editor of The Star

Man lives IN q nail OF mirrors.
There three four of them possibly more In the
sky from so to $50 miles above the earth They electrified
layers of the atmosphere from which radio reflected
much light is reflected from highly polished surfaces Diff
ferent lengths reflected from different mirrors
From time to time these mirrors get dirty They rise and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10
UCS Approves Plans
To Stem Broken Homes

United Community Services yesterday approved plans
an about fight the tide Of broken homes the
At special closeddoor meeting the executive committee
approved reports calling on UCS to:
Organize and supervise public service referral
agency to work with the Domestic Relations trying
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10

fall unpredictably. Sometimes
one or more of them is shot
full of holes through which the
radio waves escape into space.
When intact, the mirrors make
possible all long distance ra-
dio communication.
These mirrors constitute the
"ionosphere," study of which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10

ton County. Alexandria and
Fairfax-Falls Church.
Two Year Trial
The UCS executives said the
proposed diagnostic and REFER
raj service, backed by Domestic
Relations Court judges, would
be tried for two years.
1t would work as follows:
Judges would refer clients
from disrupted homes who
wished outside aid to the UCS
workers. The workers would
then do the investigating for
the court.
When the aid is rendered, the
workers would submit a report
to the judge, but not to the
one assigned to rule in the case.
Members Of the Domestic
Relations Court Committee.
who proposed the pilot project,
estimated the cost Of the pro-
gram the FIRST year at $4,000.
The executives said they would
try to obtain the funds from q
foundation or "other sources
not in conflict with UCS."
The committee said the
agency could be of special value
since the court was not en-
powered by Congress to provide
specialized services"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10

Tomorrow: Great Undersea.
Rivers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-10
Trained Women

Mrs. Warren said the home
maker service would place
trained women In homes that
might have to be broken UP If