davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-03
WHILE CONGRESS DEBATES
The Civil Rights Picture Improves

vile, Fredericksburg, Lynchburg,
and Roanoke. Va; and Spartan
burg, S. c.
Local bus desegregation also has
been accomplished in a number of
other Southern cities, the council
said, but officials in those cities
have asked that no publicity be
given the matter. In most of the
cities, many passengers follow the
custom of separate seating, but the
council said that in all of them
there is some mixed seating.
Among the Administrations civil
rights proposals is a bill which
would set up new Federal laws
assuring voting rights. Several of
the Democratic bills, which gen.
orally are broader and go further
than those offered by the admins
tration, would outlaw the poll tax
as a voting requirement in the
five States that still have it. In
this area, too. the South has shown
improvement in recent years.
The Southern Regional Council
recently reported that, in the IL
States of the old Confederate South,
the number of registered Negro
voters totaled 1929, 500. This rep
resented an increase of about 2l0,-
900 since 1852.
Picture by Stotes
A State-by-State bre akdown
showed this picture:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-03
BY GERALD WARING

OTTAWA.-With the American
air forces development Of atomic
weapons for its fighter squadrons.
the armament OF the Royal Cana
dian Air Force has suddenly be-
come obsolescent.
The RCAF is Americas first line
OF defense against Soviet Jet bomb
ers which might streak across the
roof Of the world to attack Ameri-
can cities. Its nine home defense
SquadronS--Soon to be increased to
12-are spotted across Canada,
backing up the three radar lines
designed to warn Of the approach Of
enemy planes.
Each squadron is equipped with
about IS CF-l00's. an all-weather
jet interceptor with speed below
the 760 m.p.h. speed Of sound Late
this year the first prototype Of the
CF-l00's successor is expected to
be flown-a 1900 m.p.h. airplane
known as the CF-l05, being devel-
oped and manufactured by Avro
Canada LtC.. OF Toronto. the
firm which produced the CF-l00.
fet the $3.50 millions worth OF
new supersonic jets which the Can
adam government intends to buy
for the RCAF will have obsolescent.
non-atomic armament unless the
United States makes its atomic
air-to-air weapons available to the
RCAF. Canada has no atomic
weapons development experience.
Reody to Buy
The Canadian defense depart
ment is believed TO be eager to
buy atomic weapons for the
RCAF Defense Minister Ralph
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-03
By EARL H. VOSS

American medicine has made
such encouraging progress in con-
trolling disease that some Gov
eminent health experts are now
proposing an attack on the medical
problems OF "wellness."
DR.. Halbert L. Dunn, chief of the
United States Office of Vital Sta
tistics here, is one of the leaders
in the new field
He has been stimulated by DR..
Lowell j. Reed, another health
statistician who decided in l949
that emphasis in the past on pre-
venting and treating disease had
left the false implication that
health is the mere absence Of
disease"
In medical language. DR.. Reed
believes that it is incorrect to as
sumo that everyone without 'clini-
cal pathology" is healthy, even
though he may be restless. irritable.
dull, unproductive, unable to enjoy
life or contribute much to society.
But the statistics TO support his
belief are unavailable. They must
be collected. and that is the Job Dr..
Dunn proposes to get on with.
To dramatic the idea. leaders in
this new field have labeled their
work a search for positive health"
The Health AXIS
DR.. Reed posed the problem thus:
Imagine that We are grading
health and illness along a single
axis
I'm scaling illness along single
axis, we might well take one spe-
ciflc point on this axis and label it
death. We would think of the
points to the right of this point
and adjacent to it as points repre-
senting degrees of serious ILLNESS.
IF we proceed still farther to the
right. we would have points repre-
senting a lesser degree Of illness.
and continuing still farther on this
axis, we would come into a state
that we would call a state of posi-
tive health
However, we note one thing
with regard to this concept and
that is that as we proceed to the
right. there is no definite end-point
to the axis as was represented by
death at the other end In other
words, we have no definite point
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-03
QUESTION
Can We Afford Obsolete Air Defenses to the North?
The Church Survived

squadrons are deployed where they
will be most effective in case Of
sudden air attack over the Canadian
Arctic.
Dangerous Time Log
Presumably the Mcmahon Act
would be overridden the moment
World War III began. The RCAF
then would be able to re-equip with
the latest United States atomic
weapons. But a lapse Of some
time before the RCAF could become
operational with atomic weapons
would be unavoidable. if only be-
cause of problems of production and
logistics. And military experts gen.
orally agree that the fate OF the
first waves Of nuclear bombers =
in either direction could decide
the outcome Of the war.
One reason Canada is spending
billions on its air force is political:
1t wants TO forestall possible United
States demands that American in
terceptor squadrons be based on
Canadian soil. 1t was this consid-
Grafton of national sovereignty
which prompted Mr.. Campney to
promise Parliament that only in
situations Of immediate danger"
would American planes armed with
atomic weapons fly over Canada.
Thus whether the United States
likes 1t or not. the RCAF has be-
come Americas first line of defense
against attack over the roof of the
world. And 1t seems to Canadians
that 1t is UP to the Congress to
ensure. by amending the Mcmahon
Act. that Canadian boys will not
be called on to fight Americas bat
ties armed with inferior weapons.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-03
The Plight Of the Little Fellows
Is Detroit's Center of Interest

900. far below 1855 all-time record
Of 7.170.000. and about tied with the
industry's second best year. 1850.
when 6,504,000 were titled in the
48 States.
Labor officials. who are profess
sionally bearish whenever manage
ment is bullish land vice versa) say
it is a little too early to guess what
the market will be. but they tend
to discount any such thing as
Ga million car year.
Neutral observers think the in
dustry will be lucky indeed to tie
the 1850 mark; in fact, that it will
be lucky to produce million cars
in 1857.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-03
A New Medical Problem: Dealing With "We|ness'

that represents a fixed position in
dicating a state of ideal positive
health: rather the axis seems to
proceed off indefinitely to the right,
as we consider improvement of the
state of health of the individual. or
similarly. of the population.
This diagram is useful to us only
If it helps us to sharpen up the
idea that We do not have the CLASH
fication OF states of positive health
that We need for scientific ap-
proach to this question"
DR.. Dunn believes that If more
were understood about achieving
positive health the incidence of
a considerable range of disease
might be reduced.
Serious ailments like Lucrative
COLTS and apprehension, nondis-
abling disorders like chronic con-
stipation. dull headache. and ia
tigue, even "subclinical states" that
keep people at some point short
of positive health probably can be
traced to life situations" not now
suspected of having any bearing on
illness or health. Dr.. Dunn writes
in Health and Demography.
Department of Health. Education
and Welfare publication.
Environment Study Needed
He notes that much has been
written about social environment
and its effect on health. But he
believes the material is incomplete
and mostly controversial.
Nevertheless there is ample EVIL
dence to indicate DR.. Dunn be-
lieves. that until we build a solid
foundation of understanding the
effects of Son-environment in
teraction. we will have no way of
preventing the wide range of illness
outside the microbiai and viral
group"
He proposes that social psychol-
ogists. sociologiSts, social anthro-
biologists. economists and others
combine forces to establish
systematic way for studying prob
lens OF epidemic in the social and
economic field.
Within a short time the United
States has changed from rural to
urban ways. he notes, "As people
subject to incessant striving. many
Of us have become uprooted from
traditions, old friends and kin The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-03

Campney indicated this when he
told Parliament.
I'VE welcome the advent Of new
and more effective weapons for our
mutual defense Continuous
improvement OF the continental air
defense system is very essential
The nuclear air defense weapons
which have been developed will i'm
prove that Joint defense capability
Use must be made OF the best
means at hand TO deter and II
necessary repel aggression"
However, American law forbids
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-03

United States from supplying atomic
weapons to foreign countries. The
Mcmahon Act which was intended
to preserve United States atomic
supremacy. bars even Americas
closest ally from access to weapons
with which to defend the United
States as well as Canada.
Moinstoy TO Be Sparrow
The RCAF's main armament is
to be the Sparrow air-to-air mis-
sile. developed by the United States
Navy. Within two years the Spar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-03

social situation of many of the aged,
a group which is growing in number
and proportion. is probably more
conducive to illness than to health.
In these and other facets of Amer
lean life it is reasonable to expect
varying degrees of personal adjust
ment, and safe to predict that many
OF the adjusted will become i'll or
less fit in the process.
TO understand the full implica-
tons OF these changes, so that their
effects on health might be counter
acted by preventive individual or
environmental therapy. is perhaps
the most challenging research as
signment that has ever been posed
for Public Health"
Points OF Attock'
In recent speech before group
OF pediatricians, Dr.. Dunn OUT
lined seven points Of attack" in
learning more about positive
health:
l. Research. Dr. Dunn proposes
making Washington an geological
laboratory. where the interaction
of individuals and their environ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-03
NEARBY VOTES

Votes OF nearby Maryland and
Virginia legislators on major roll
calls in Congress last week.
SENATE
S. j. Res. 10, amendment to Pres
ident's Mideast doctrine by Senator
Joseph OMahoney. Democrat OF
Wyoming, to make use OF U. S.
troops in the area consistent with
treaty Obligations and the Consti-
tuition rather than with treaty obli-
cations and the United Nations
Charter. Agreed to, $40. Feb. 20.
FOR; BYRD and Robertson. Democrats Of
virginia; Beail and Butler, Republicans OF
Maryland
Congressional quarterly
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-03

row will be in production in Canada,
to meet the RCAF's need for a
better weapon than cannon and
rockets. But the Canadian Spar
row will have a conventional high
explosive warhead, much less eff
fective against fast jet bombers
than an atomic missile.
Compared with the strength OF
the USAF. the RCAFs nine Tor
eventual l2) home squadrons. and
the IL Canadian squadrons with
NATO forces In Europe. constitute
a rather small force. But the home
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-03

tually on the way out? And Is
ChrySler finally and certainly safe?
The answer to all these questions
Is mot necessarily" because nothing
about the automobile industry is
certain except its uncertainty. But
there are some tentative answers.
The trouble GIN is experiencing
II you want to call a production
drop from SIS per cent to AZ per cent
trouble-probably is due to styling
Ford and Chrysler restyled dras-
tically for the 1857 model year.
while GIN relied mainly on manipu-
lating body trim. A mid-year re-
styling (Such as is limited at pri-
vately by some GIN engineers) could
easily turn the tide and bring GIN
back to its former position.
In fact, Just correction in what
ever is wrong in the public eye with
Chevrolet could do the trick. Chevy's
production is down about Is per
cent from last years level. An in
crease to the 1856 level of produc-
ton would just about wipe out the
Ford-ChrySler margin.
Will this reStyling come about?
That depends on top GIN brass.
II GIN wants to stay below the so
per cent mark for a year, as good
a way as any is to let sales lag tenn
porarily and catch up later. If. on
the other hand. GINS 1857 styling
was genuinely bad decision that
has alarmed the corporations board
Of directors. that decision could be
corrected. If not overnight. then in
a few weeks.
Worry Is Worronted
AS to the independents. there is
ground for serious worry about
them. AS recently as four years
ago, it was felt that If the little
fellows could hang on to 5 per cent
Of the market they would be able to
survive.
In 1855. they captured only per
cent of the total-and optimists
still held out hope for them. The
independents production for all of
1856 was about 81 per cent. and the
number Of faint hearts increased
in more than direct proportion to
the 1856 production slump.
So far this year. as was men,
toned above. the independents have
made only 2.3 per cent of the Ma
tons cars. and it is hard to find
an observer who does not think
funeral-or two-is in the offing.
The Chrysler Corp, which several
years ago started an extensive mod
ernization program, seems to be
safe now-but will need to keep that
20 per cent. or something close to it.
in order to prosper.
Chrysler and Automotion
Chrysler is the industry's leading
apostle Of automation-the use Of
automatic Notwithstanding ma
chinery-and this has caused great
suspicion on the part of labor lead
ers. United Auto Workers statisti-
clans point out that though 1857
Plymouth production is booming.
there are Plymouth employees in
the Detroit area who have been out
Of work for more than year.
AS for the year ahead, the motor
makers are sticking to their original
estimate Of something like 6l2 mil
lion passenger cars for the domestic
market this year. This would be
quite a bit above last years $685.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-03

Unavailable. - Little change
The council noted that the
Negro vote in the South has grown
steadily since the white primary
was outlawed by court action in
1914, though the percentage of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-03
BY DAVID KOONCE

Congress is again entangled in
the issue of civil rights. Under
immediate consideration is the
Eisenhower administration four
point package" program. And a
whole array of measures which
would go beyond the administration
proposal in the fields of voting
rights. employment. anti-lynching
and indignation have been intro
duced.
Whether any of these proposals
will become law is, as always, a
question. But while the fight on
Capitol Hill goes on, some notable
improvements are being made in
the very areas of race relations
at which they are aimed. The
improvements are not of a nature
to persuade civil rights proponents
that their cause is weakened, but
the fact that they occurred and
are now occurring provides quiet
counterpoint to the stridencies of
the battle in Congress.
One field of race relations in
which substantial progress is being
made in the South is that of racial
segregation on local buslines.
Last April, the Supreme Court
dismissed an appeal from a Circuit
Court decision which held that the
Columbia Is. c. bus segregation
ordinance was unconstitutional.
Since then, attempts to end segre-
gated seating on buses have met
with official resistance and with
violence in Birmingham, Montgom-
cry and Tallahassee
"a Cities Acted
But meanwhile, "a Southern
cities have ended local bus segre-
CATION without difficulty or litiga-
ton, according to the Southern
Regional Council. an organization
of Southerners working to improve
human relations in the South.
These cities are Little Rock, Fort
Smith. Pine Bluff, and Hot Springs,
Ark; Charlotte, Greensboro. Dur
ham. and Winston-Salem. N. c.;
Knoxville, Nashville. and Chatta-
nooga. Tenn: San Antonio. Corpus
Christi. and Dallas. Tex; Rich
mond. Norfolk. Portsmouth. New
port News. Petersburg. Charlottes-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-03

When Gomulka returned to power
last October he was faced with the
complete failure of a l2-year-old
Red attempt to make communism
the bedrock of Poland. The Poznan
riots of July had revealed not only
widespread bitterness over broken
Communist promises of economic
improvement. but a deep-seated
hatred of Stalinism.
The Church Survived
Over a decade of Red rule had
succeeded in smashing all its polit-
ical opponents except one = the
Catholic Church. This correspond
ent has seen hundreds Of Poles
cross themselves before boarding a
train, despite the state-enforced
lessons of socialist morality" He
has seen during Epiphany the mi
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-04-06
Social Security.
Report Due

People receiving social security
benefits are permitted to earn up
to $1,000 a year and still draw all
their monthly checks, according
to Edward P. Blonston, Manager
Of the Miami (North) Social Sc
curity Office at 234 NE. 10th
Street, Miami. They can earn be-
tween $1,000 and $1,000 and still
receive payments for some months
in the year, he said.
For those beneficiaries who
earn more than $1,000 there is a
form especially prepared for them
to use in reporting their earnings
to the Social Security Admins
tration. This report must be filed
before April Is of the year fol-
lowing that in which the benefi-
ciary earned over $1,000. For
those who make their tax reports
on other than a calendar year
basis, the deadline for reporting
is months and Is days after the
end of the taxable year. This an
nual earnings report is not neces-
Sary for any year after the year
in which a recipient of social Sc
curity benefits reaches age ~, Mr..
BlonSton added.
This annual report to the Social
relation to income tax reporting
Security Administration has no
responsibilities, Mr.. Blonston re-
minded. 1t is in addition to any
tax forms (North) social security
has a supply of these necessary
reporting forms and will be glade
to assist in the completion of
them. A.,
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-04-06
ST. PATRICK'S
BUFFET A
SUCCESS

The St. Patrick's Day Buffet
given by the w. A. Chapman
Board Of the Greater Bethel A.
ME-. Church was one of the most
colorful and well attended at
fairs Of the season.
Sunday afternoon March nth
at four o'clock more than two
hundred guests and out Of town
visitors came to the palatial home
of Mrs. w. A. Chapman, ST.. for
the festive occasion. Mrs. W. A.
Chapman, ST.. and Mrs. W. A.
Chapman, Jr. were most cordial
in greeting each guest. Both wore
white orchid corSage given them
by Dr.. w. A. Chapman, Jr. in
honor of the occasion and in
memory of his father for whom
the Board was named. The late
DR.. Chapman was pioneer citi-
zen Of this community, and serv-
ed remarkably we'll in the civic
and religious life.
ALoAALAOAIdl green dIlu 'WIllLe
was carried out in the souvenirs,
floral arrangements in the foyer,
drawing room, library and din
ingroom. The center piece on the
tea table, made of flowers and
greenery imported from Ireland,
was most unusal arrangement.
The hostess group was easily
identified by the "wearin'- the
green. Each lady wore a corsage
of white carnations and green
ribbon, and a dainty green Or
CANDY apron. The aprons were
made by board members Mrs.
Mable Williamson.
Speaker for the occasion was
Miss Gloria Braynon who is
teacher of French at the Booker
7. Washington High School. She
was ably introduced by Mr..
Harold Gunner, student from the
Speech department of the same
school. Mrs Bernice Knight was
guest soloist. She dedicated her
first number to Mrs. Cruze, a for
mer member of the Board who
now lives in California. Miss
beverley billiard presided at the
piano.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-04-06
L. IT,, Union II. Enroll
Expelled Students

NEW YORK-Five students, ex-
PEELED from the Mississippi Agri-
cultural and Mechanical College
at Alcorn because of their leader
ship role in the protest a:IainSt
Professor Clennon King, will re-
ceive NAACP assistance in con-
tinuing their education elsewhere,
Roy Wilkins, the Associations
executive secretary, announced
today.
Ernest McEwen who, as presi-
dent of the student body, led the
protest against Prof. King be-
cause of a series of articles the
teacher wrote for The Jackson
(Miss.) STATE TIMES criticiz-
ing the NAACP's anti-segrega-
ton. activities, will attend Central
State College at Xenia, Ohio, He
will be joined at Central State by
Miss RobesSie Young and Charles
Hibbler. The Misses Susan Owens
and Ruby Hibbler will attend
Virginia Union University at
Richmond.
After Alcorn had refused to re-
admit these students, the NAACP
made arrangements for their
transfer to other. colleges. DIR.
Charles Wesley, president of Gen.
trail State, and DR.. Samuel Proc
tor, president of Virginia Union,
readily agreed to make emergen-
cy provisions to permit the stu
dents to enroll without loss of
time or academic credit.
Action to aid the students was
taken by the NAACP committee
ON administration at its regular
monthly melting here on March
Is. The committee voted to pro-
vide financial assistance for travel
and other expenses for the re-
mainder of the school semester.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-04-06

The photo reveals the Mobiles Of
Shrinedom who will be busy dur
ing the year preparing for the
building up of the Temple in Mi
ami, by having more social and
religious activities during the
year. They are MOBILES Kenneth
Dean, Robert Williams, Zeke
Brady and Samuel Sweeting, re-
porter.
Kazah Temple No. 149, Mobiles
of the Mystic Shrine, was honor
ed to have in its midst the Inn
perial Potentate Booker T. Alex
ander and his lovely wife, enjoys
ing the beautiful Miami sun.
Entertaining activities began
Tuesday, March 10, when the I'm
perial Potentate met with the
Mobiles in a regular meeting. On
Wednesday night, March 20, a
buffet supper was held in honor
of Mrs. Alexander, past Daughter
Imperial Commanders, at the
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-04-06

home of DIT. Mae, Woods Tucker
in Brownsville. There was also a
tour of Miami Beach during the
evening, preceded by the Poten-
tate'S visit to Mayor Randy
Christmas, who presented him
with the key to the city.
Thursday night, March 81, the
group attended the Cotton Club
on Miami Beach and enjoyed the
Cab Galloway revue. This was
preceded by luncheon with the
Adelphian Club at l o'clock in
the afternoon.
The deepsea fishing trip was
plenty Of fun and Mr.. and Mrs.
Alexander made good catches.
S u d a y, March %, was
spent down in Key West via the
Oversee Highway. The Imperial
Potentate met with the Divan of
Kazah Temple, Monday, March
rs. And on Tuesday, March 26, he
met with the Divan of Kazah
Court and Temple.