davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-10

wants to cut that loss to $39 mil.
lion through 1854 million worth Of
postal rate increases and a $28 mil
lion payment from the Treasury for
such money losing public services
as mail for the blind.
President Eisenhower said in his
budget message that I'VE should not
let another year go by without TAX
ing the necessary action to place
the Post Office on a pay-as-you-go
fiscal basis"
And Secretary of Treasury George
M. Humphrey says, 1T seems right
and proper to me that those who
use the mails should pay whatever
equitable rates are required to make
the postal service self supporting.
see no logic in the arguments Of
those who suggest that the Post
Office Department should properly
have its deficit made up from gen.
eral tax funds because it is public
service institution" Mr.. Summer.
field takes a similar position, COM
menting that 1.-THE American peo-
pie are adult enough to know that
they only deceive themselves by
keeping nostal rates artificially low
and taxing themselves to pay the
difference"
The Other Side
So the administration is solidly
lined up on one side of the basic
question.
But the Magazine Publishers As
ISOLATION, representing BIT maya
zines, contends that the Post Office
Department is basically a public
service to the American people and
not business or a public utility"
The 1856 bill the House passed
straddled the issue by declaring
1.-THE postal establishment should be
operated in businesslike manner,
but clearly is not a commercial en-
terprise conducted for profit"
Tied in with that business VS..
service issue is apportioning the
total costs among various classes
of mail. Should one class be
charged enough to make up for the
losses of another?
The Post Office Department looks
at that question from a customers
viewpoint and concludes the better
the quality of the service. the higher
the price should be. John C. Allen,
general traffic manager of Sears,
Roebuck g. Co., told the House Post
Office Committee last year that his
firm thought "all postal rates should
reflect to much greater degree the
cost of the service rendered"
Those issues, plus the opposition
of groups who see postal increases
as threatening their livelihood, will
make the going tough for any bill
the administration proposes. On
top of that is Chairman Olin D.
Johnston, Democrat OF South Car
DINA, of the Senate Post Office
Committee, which did not send the
rate bill to the floor last year. He
still thinks the business VS.. service
issue must be resolved clearly before
any postal rate hikes are passed
by Congress.
So with this issue, as with many
others before the S5th Congress. the
way the scales tip may be decided
by how heavy hand President
Eisenhower places upon them.
Congressional Quarterly
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-10
THE KING AND THE PEOPLE
Saud Is Still Mystery to Americans

stately tread, as cautious as a
camel's, from banqueting board to
bargaining table. Reporters who
logged him through the rain and
snow that accompanied his visit
saw him come to life only rarely.
Once, sitting in his be-flagged Cad
lilac. he leaned forward and seized
Victor Purse. the young Acting
Chief Of Protocol by the shoulders
and gave him an affectionate shake.
He displayed considerable anima-
ton during basketball game at
Annapolis. OF what might be going
on under the royal gold headbands.
there was no clue. A major obstacle
was the fact that he does not speak
English.
Mutuol PerpIexity
AS the visit went on somewhat
to the CONSERVATION of administra-
ton officials, who had looked for
a decampment to Greenbrier last
week end). so did mutual perplexity
at the human level.
Plainly, at home the King is not
badgered by reporters who tax him
one day with what he said on an
other. On Sunday, In an exclusive
interview with Marguerite Higgins
of the New York Herald Tribune,
he indicated that he would become
the spokesman for the Middle East
doctrine in the Arab world. But on
Thursday, at general press con-
ference. he refused to be pinned
down and said vaguely that he
would discuss matters of common
interest" with other Arab leaders.
In one interview he promised that
within year Saudi Arabia would
be transformed by social welfare
projects, but in another he declined
to indicate what these might be.
The King, who must account to
no one for his actions, apparently
saw no irony in the fact that while
he had come to seek economic aid.
he continued to disburse his own
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-10
BY MARY McGRORY

# the administration had hopes
that a by-product Of the visit Of
King Saud would be a feeling Of
kinShip between His Majesty and
the American masses, it must write
them off.
In terms of practical diplomacy,
the reasons for the invitation being
extended to the King and accepted
by him were perfectly Ineligible.
on our side, we wanted oil, an air.
base. and a conspicuous convert to
the Eisenhower Middle Eastern doc
trine. On his, he wanted arms,
money. To personalize and elevate
these cold facts, the visit was pre-
sented as person-to-person meet
ing between a man from the Middle
West, President Eisenhower, and a
man from the Middle East. King
Saud, who both wanted peace.
There is no reason to think that
from the practical point of view the
Kings extended stay here was not
a success. But there is no evidence
that the King and his hosts, the
American people, made contact.
Perhaps, because we are condi-
toned by public relations tech
niques. We expect, when visitor
comes as the guest of the Nation,
that he will somehow be trans
formed into someone as instantly
recognizable and reassuring as the
man next door. In King Sauds
case that never happened.
Mystery Remains
The sense of strangeness in
creased rather than diminished. 1t
had little to do with the objections
to the Kings coming based on the
gulf between his philosophy and
practices and our own. The con-
troversial subjects Of concubinage
and slavery which exist in Saudi
Arabia, were tabu at all discussions
involving the King and his repre-
sentatives.
But somehow the mysterious Mid
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-10

wants a U. N. organ controlling the
disarmament program to come
under the Security Council where
the veto right can be used. The
West wants a control organ free
of the veto right.
. Ban on testing and use of nu-
clear weapons-The West wants to
proceed by stages in conjunction
with a control and inspection sys-
TEN. Russia wants an immediate
ban to be proclaimed without prior
establishment of a control and
inspection system.
Q Confidence and disarmament
The West feels that settlement Of
certain international problem S
would create the necessary conf
dence to make disarmament more
realistic and desirable. Russia
advocates disarming Immediately
without waiting for political settle
ments.
. Inspection system-This is
closely tied to q control system,
Briefly. the Russians feel that the
Western plan goes too far. The
West feels that the Russian pro-
gram doesn't go far enough.
Big ObstocIe: Distrust
Looming ominously in the back
ground Of the renewed negotia-
tons will be what most disarma-
ment experts here regard as the
biggest problem Of all-the mutual
distrust and suspicion which still
plague East-West relations.
Before major progress can be
made on any of the technical
issues. in the view of these experts,
this suspicion win have to be dis
PEELED or diminished.
Until this is done. they feel, the
disarmament negotiations will con-
tinue to be more concerned with
psychological warfare than atomic
warfare in the moves and counter
moves of an involved diplomatic
chess game that has been going on
since 1916.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-10
RETREAT TO PRIVACY

as a propaganda football and more
as an issue requiring concrete
action. However, U. NJ experience
suggests little likelihood Of
change in approach.
Sir Leslie Munro, Of New Zea-
land. noted for his frankness and
candor, went so far as to tell the
Assembly's Political Committee re-
Gently what many delegates had
been saying only in corridor talks.
Disarmament" he said. will
not take place until both the United
States and the Soviet Union are
satisfied that an agreement is in
their long-term interests. so much
so as to make it worth their while
to accept fool-proof control and
inspection system"
The Assembly seemed to pay heed
to these words. But it recognized
that while the views Of the small
nations are important in a world
opinion sense, they do little in a
realistic sense to solve the funda-
mental issues of disarmament.
The issue went behind closed
doors when the Assembly. recording
another year Of failure to solve the
disarmament question. voted to
send it to the U. N. Disarmament
Commission and its five-member
subcommittee composed Of Britain,
France, Canada. Russia and the
United States.
The atmosphere Of the new talks,
mostly in the privacy of the sub
committees meeting room, 1t is
felt. will be more conducive to
reaching agreement than the public
chamber of the General Assembly.
Only Area Of Agreement
AS a matter of fact. agreement
by the United States and Russia
to have the disarmament talks con-
tinued in this fashion seemed to
be the only major point of accord
on this subject registered between
the two powers during the current
Assembly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-10

brand unrestrainedly. He left his
usual trail of 500 tips and 5000
gold watches.
If we were baff1ed by such Ara
bian customs, the King and his en-
tourage were baffled by ours. Our
appetite for statistics, for instance,
never ceased to bemuse them. The
Kings press secretary, Abdullah
Balkhair. smilingly dispensed con-
fiicting figures about the size of
the Kings family. The number of
the royal retinue could never be
definitely established.
Nor was the name of the mother
Of Prince Mashhur. the little lame
prince who stood on the one patch
of common ground scratched I'D
between the American public and
the King, ever made a matter Of
record.
Prince Saves the Doy
It was the solemn -year-old
little boy, who really saved the day
for the whole adventure. He was
nothing more than universal child
hood, and his salutes and wide-eyed
stares did more to reduce the whole
Middle Eastern question to reality
than five straight days of Senator's
questioning John Foster Dulles. His
progress at Walter Reed Army Hos
pital was dotingly followed by the
Nation. Glasses of school children
wrote him letters. overwhelmed him
with presents.
At the end as at the beginning,
the idea of extending sympathy to
the King seemed. to most people like
the task Of picking out a present
for the man who has everything.
But the boy needed medical at
tention and technical aid, and these
are things we like to think we do
very well. Among so many remote
and inscrutable figures. he came
into clear focus. the one simplicity
among multiple complexities.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-10
BY SIDNEY WISE

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y-The
disarmament question is being
transferred from the public ses-
sions of the General Assembly to
closed-door meetings of the big
powers, but with little hope Of re-
solving what, many delegates term
"the United Nations permanent
problem"
Even the recent rash Of arms re-
duction programs announced out
side the U. N. by several Western
states have not dispelled the
gloomy outlook here for any i'm
mediate end to the 11-year-old
disarmament deadlock.
These announcements and the
recent armament talks of Mr.. Dun
can Sandys, British defense min
lister. in Washington seem to have
discouraged rather than encour-
aged hopes for East-West agree
ment on disarmament within the
United Nations. Many observers
here interpret the moves. as fur
ther steps in unilateral disarma-, !,
ment. outside any global U. N.
programming.
Budgetary considerations and the
changing nature of armies in a
nuclear age-and not q spirit of
trust-they feel. have produced the
conventional arms reduction that
has taken place.
Source Of Disney
The programs of disarmament by
individual countries. although lin
tied. have been a source of dismay
here.
Even when Russia and the
United States announce reductions
in the size Of their respective
armies" lamented one official,
"they can't agree to doing this
within a United Nations program"
At the same time, a strong senti-
ment has developed in this As
sembly to have the United Nations
treat the disarmament question less
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-10
QUESTION FOR CONGRESS
Should Carrying the Mail Be Treated
As Public Service or q Business?

when the House. by a 2l7-166 vote,
passed a bill to raise postage rates.
But the Senate Post Office Commit
tee never pushed the bill beyond
the hearing stage.
Hope for 1854 Million Boost
This year. Postmaster General
Arthur E. Summerfield and his as
sociates are laboring over various
bills aimed at increasing postal in
come by 1854 million.
One measure getting serious con-
sideration would raise first class
postage rates from 3 cents to S
cents for the first ounce and reduce
the price of domestic air mail from
6 cents to S cents. Mr.. Summer
fields 1856 proposal sought penny
increases for the first ounce of both
first class and domestic air mail.
Mail bearing the new scent
stamp would be sped to its desti-
nation by the fastest method. either
train or plane, which would require
a wider use of airplanes.
The rates for other classes of
mail, according to Post Office per-
sonnet working on the bill. would
remain about the same as those
carried in the House-passed bill.
That version would have increased
rates on second class mail (maga-
zines, newspapers an average of 70
per cent over a flve-year period:
raised postage for third class mail
advertising circulars) an average
Of 20 per cent and carried no size
able increases in fourth class rates
(books).
First-class mail has cost cents
since 1882, when it was raised from
cents. Second-class mail rates
were raised 80 per cent in 1852.
$40 Million for Equipment
The Administrations new budget
forecasts that the Post Office De-
partment will lose 1851 million in
fiscal 1858 under existing postal
laws. The budget also allows $40
million for new postal equipment,
bringing the departments total loss
for the coming fiscal year UP to
$72l million. The department
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-10
BY DAVID KOONCE

One little-publicized feature Of
the agricultural soil bank promises
to have significance far beyond the
immediate farm problem. It's i'm
pact will be felt to some extent
by every American, regardless of
whether his abode is a farmhouse
or a penthouse.
OF more long-run Importance
than the soil banks attack on
mountainous crop SURPRISES is its
tree-planting program. Under 1t,
billion trees will be planted with
in the next seven or eight years
more than double the 2.35 billion
trees planted by the Civilian Con-
servation Corps In the nine years
between 1888 and 1912.
The Agriculture Department ex-
poets that within three or four
years nurseries will be producing
/ billion trees a year for the soil
bank alone. This is in addition to
the 800 million-plus trees a year
produced for other Government
programs. The total program en-
visions the planting Of trees on rs
million acres-an area larger than
Delaware. New Jersey and Long
Island combined.
The better known part OF the
soil bank program, the acreage
reserve, is year-to-year operation
under which the farmer retires
temporarily land which has been
growing a crop that is in surplus
supply. The long-term feature of
the soil bank, known as the con-
servation reserve. pays farmers for
employing certain conservation
practices, such as tree planting and
pond building, over a period Of
years.
From Loss to Profit
The explaining program is
especially attractive to farmers who
have stable acreages of soil un-
suited to profitable use. They will
be able to set out trees at little
or no cost and, in 10 to IS years,
begin realizing a regular income
from the cutting Of matured timber.
Like the acreage reserve program.
tree planting under the conserva.
ton reserve will mean more cash
N the pockets Of farmers, thus
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-10

Congress this month will be asked
to settle a long standing ques-
ton: Is delivering the mail a bust
ness or a public service?
It's answer will determine whether
the cost of first class letter postage
stays at 3 cents or goes up to 4 or
S cents. The decision also may af-
feet the price on other postage.
The Eisenhower Administrator
has been trying since 1853 to reduce
the Internationally postal def
cit. The closest it came to getting a
remedy from Congress was last year
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-10

ervoirs that have cost taxpayers
billions of dollars, fills farm ponds,
and necessitates costly dredging
operations in harbors and navi-
gable streams.
Trees. by holding together the
face Of the earth and preventing
the deep wounds Of erosion, keep
rivers draining at the proper rate.
thus slowing fioodwaters.
Water falling on bare land
quickly runs of. carrying precious
topsoil TO the nfarest stream. A
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-10

easing In future years the drain
agriculture programs put on the
Treasury.
The conservation reserve pro-
gram is important to the city DWELL
er because 1t attacks the increasing
scarcity Of our most fundamental
natural esource--water. Clean,
disable water is a vital necessity to q
growing population-65.0 900 gallons
is needed TO process q ton Of steel
and though the average man drinks
less than q half gallon q day. his
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-10

total use is more than 1000 gallons
daily.
The trees planted under the con-
servation reserve program will help
meet the problem Of a controlled
supply Of disable water Under ideal
control conditions. good water is
available where 1t is wanted, when
1t is wanted and in the proper
amounts. Too much water is
flood Too little water is a drought.
The condition Of water also is Inn
portant Silt-laden water clogs res
The Omaha guide., 1957-07-19

archbishop's death. Dr.. Clayton
had written DR.. Fisher asking that
his action be represented favor
ably to the Church of England.
Il believe DR.. Fisher said,
that i would be within the wish
es of that great and glorious
Christian leader if the Church
of England now said something
in public"
Bishop C. K. A. Bell of Chi
chester, who introduced the Can
terbury resolution, said he feared
relations between the races IN
South Africa were worsening and
might get beyond control. Bishop
John Leonard Wilson Of Birming
ham said he thought the protest
"a little too late" He added,
however. that he was glad people
should understand the theologl-
cal heresy" of apartheid.
The Omaha guide., 1957-07-19
Issoe Wright


Mr.. Issac Wright, GA years, 1919
North 25th Street, passed away
Saturday morning July 18th at a
local Hospital.
Mr.. Wright had been a resident
of Omaha forty two years. lie
was a former Ritz Take Cab dri.
yer. Mr.. Wright was a member
of the Pilgrim Baptist Church.
He is survived by a brother,
Mr.. Charles Moore, New Orleans,
La; two nieces. Miss Louise
Wright, Omaha, Mrs. crestIine
Seals, Pensacola, Fla; nephew,
Mr.. Joseph Wright, Omaha; sis
ter-in-law, Mrs. Elizabeth Wright,
cousin, Ralph Sullivan, Omaha;
and other relatives.
Funeral services have been sci
for ten o'clock Saturday morning
from the Pilgri mBaptist Church
with arrangements by the Thorn.
as Funeral Home.
The Omaha guide., 1957-07-19
QUukers Plan Retirement
Home for 800 at Topeka

metropolitan living.
In conjunction with the pro-
gram, the College is planning TO
establish courses in gerontology
in the curriculum. Surveys BY
the Commerce Research Group
and other agencies have shown
desperate need for improved and
increased facilities in view OF the
increasing population Of older
people. The need for personnel
The courses at the College win
trained in this field is also great.
include a work-study program at
the new residence for retired
people. This will enable the stu
dnts to combine classroom theory
with practical experience. It will
also enable the retired folks to
have young people with them.
II is anticipated that the accom-
modations for 300 men and wom-
en- seeking a modern fire-proof
retirement home in a capitol city
viii be quickly spoken for, and
for further information you are
invited to contact Mr.. Paul Vein
berg, Director of the Retirement
p o gram, Commerce Research
Group, Pure Oil Building, Chicago
l, Illinois.
The Omaha guide., 1957-07-19

Reverend Sheldon G. Jackson,
President of the Friends Bible
College of Haviland, Kansas an
nounced that the Board Of Dir
eetors has authorized the Com
merce Research Group of Chicago
TO proceed with plans for the or
ganization and establishment Of
a modern fireproof residential
home for retired men and wom-
en-. The residence will be built
in or about Topeka, Kansas.
The Commerce Research Group,
directed by Mr.. Paul Weinberg,
has already prepared a prelimin-
airy program and will arrange for
the construction of a new building
or the acquisition of suitable ex-
isting facilities TO accommodate
5OO men ana women.
A reasonable membership fee
viii be required and regular
monthly rates will be established
to include meals, room and in
firmary care on the basis of one
or two persons to a room.
The proposed residence will
not only provide excellent living
quarters but recreational facili-
ties as we'll. Plans for the de-
velopment of hobbies such as
woodworking and metal craft,
sewing, gardening and others will
be included in the overall pro-
gramming.
The location of the proposed
residence at Topeka is ideal as
il will provide the guests OF the
residence an opportunity to also
in the many cultural
facilities of the City. Therefore
they will have the pleasant sur
of the new residence
as well as the convenience OF
The Omaha guide., 1957-07-19
Church Blasts
African Laws
Segregation

LONDON, England - Official
action condemning the South Al
rican governments apartheid
lsegregation) policies, especially
as they affect religion and eduea-
ton, has been taken by the
Church of England
Resolutions adopted by the Con-
vocation Of Canterbury expressed
deep sympathy with the Church
of the Province of South Africa
and all those other churches now
engaged in struggling to preserve.
the inviolate right of members Of
Christian churches TO worship to-
gether without distinction of race
or COLOR I assured South African
bishops Of the constant support
and prayers Of the Canterbury
bishops in opposing the Native
Laws Amendment Bill, which.
among other things, prohibits
Negroes from attending services
at churches in white communities
without specific permission from
the Minister Of Native Affairs.
The resolution also voiced opposi
ton to a bill providing for separ
ate university education of natives
and whites. Almost identical ae-
ton was taken By the ConvocatIon
of York.
The Most Rev. and Rt. Hon.
Godfrey Francis Fisher, Arch
bishop of Canterbury, said that
although the resolutions repre-
sented the Church's first Official
action on the policies Of the South
African government, he and the
late Archbishop of York, DR.. Cy-
ri Foster Garbett, had on occa-
sion declared that apartheid was
Wlbn6- Dab llAC 1luA I'll III ECh-
eral has been deliberately re-
strained he said, because the
bishops of the Province Of South
Africa had said it would embar-
rass them and increase their diff
ficulties."
DIR. Fisher recalled that the late
Anglican Bishop Of Capetown, Or.
Godfrey Hare Clayton, just be-
fore his death last March had sent
a letter to the Souh African Prime
Minister protesting the legislation
which would give the government
over church services at
tended BY both Europeans and
The letter was handed :
to the Prime Minister after the +,