davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-05

Court OF Appeals for the Dis
trict of Columbia.
A social worker with the De-
partment of Public Welfare
since 1884. Miss wilkins became
L. and T. consultant in 1941.
with her Office a few yards from
the L. and T. courtroom. She
sits next to the judges clerk
when court is in session. ready
when the judge refers a case
to her.
Gets KnOttiest Cases
Only a small number of the
$4,000 L. and T. cases each year
are referred to Miss wilkins.
But the cases she gets are the
knottiest and the most agon-
izing for the families involved.
When a case comes to Land
lord and Tenant Court, the only
issue the court has to decide is
whether the money is due.
do you owe the money!"
the judge asks.
If the tenant admits the
debt. the landlord has a legal
right to evict him. But through
custom. the Judge asks an addi-
tional question. When can you
pay?"
The delinquent tenant usu-
ally promises to pay up within
three to five days. But if there
seems to be a problem more
serious than just a delay in
paying rent. the judge refers
the tenant to Miss wilkins. 1t
may be a problem of sickness
in the family. unemployment,
marital troubles or bad family
budgeting.
Advice on budgeting is an
important part of my work be-
cause it is useless to find a
temporary solution to rent
problems if a family is regu-
larly living beyond its means, -
Miss wilkins says.
Extensions Granted
Frequently landlords will
give an extension on rent, at
my request. even though they
are not required to do so by
law. But if the tenants troubles
appear to be chronic. ! try to
get public or private welfare
agencies to help work out a
solution"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-05
Man Hurt in Skid
During Thunderstorm

LEONARDTOWN, Md, Aug
S (SpeciaD Donald P. Voss
10, of Route 2, Leonardtown,
was critically injured yesterday
when his car Skidded during a
thunderstorm and crashed into
a telephone pole on Route 242
at Clements near here.
Maryland State police said
Mr.. Voss was admitted to st.
Marys County Hospital with a
fractured skull. a broken COL
larbone and broken ribs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-05

ROANOKE. Va, Aug. 5 Up
Edgar o. Thurman Of Ro-
anoke has been elected presi-
dent of the Virginia Meat
Packers Association. Mr.. Thur
man succeeds j. j. LESSEE OF
Timberville.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-05
Remit roubIed Families
Find Friend at Court
BY MARKLEY ROBERTS

In Landlord and Tenant Court lawyer whose
Job social welfare work. preserving home for families
with rent troubles.
Miss Doris G. wilkins the Welfare Department consuant
to L. and T. Court is trained social worker She
lawyer admitted to practice in District the u s.
The Arizona post., 1957-09-20

touched off a massive flight
of 10000 Hungarian men,
women and children into
neighboring Austria. About
1900 of these were Jews,
men, women and children who
must have new homes.
IHAD THE opportunity to
visit the Austrian camps
where l met these refugees.
Clutching their children and
their pitiful, few possessions,
they had escaped, past border
patrols, deadly mines and
other terrible dangers. Now,
they were homeless, but not
friendless. It was heartwarm-
ing to see the help that was
reaching them from the UJA
through the Joint Distribu-
ton Committee, which once
again was performing a mag
nificent job of providing sus-
tenance, counsel and friend
ship.
Meanwhile, a dramatic new
flow of Jewish refugees had
developed from a most unex-
pected source. For varying
reasons, Poland had decided
to permit it's Jewish citizens
to be reunited with members
of their families in Israel.
From Rosh Hashonah 5717 to
the beginning of July, close
to 10000 Polish Jews had I'M
migrated to Israel and thou
sands more were waiting 10
come. They were moved by
every available form of trans
The Arizona post., 1957-09-20

cue Conference last June it
was determined that about
$45,000,000 in cash had been
raised-the largest sum col
lected during any similar per-
iod since 1949. The American
Jewish community was show
ing the world that it was
ready to back up its slogan:
"ThiS Time We Can Save
TheIn!"
We are proving that unlike
the Hitler era, we need never
witness the death of a Jewish
refugee-now that a Jewish
homeland exists as a place of
refuge, and the UJA is we'll
established and functioning.
The Arizona post., 1957-09-20

portation-by train, ship and
plane, and by every possible
route.
Once again huge sums of
money were required immedi-
ately. And once again the
United Jewish App |,
through the Jewish Agency,
was called upon to provide
the necessary funds to pay
for the high transportation
costs, the food and shelter.
BUT PERHAPS, the sad
dest flight of Jews in SIT
came from Egypt, where a
new dictator sought to emu
late Hitler by enacting a Ma
tionality Law. NasSer depriv-
ed Jews of their businesses,
property and rights, threw
The Arizona post., 1957-09-20

many into concentration
camps and forced thousands
to leave. BY June it was eSti-
mated that almost half Of
Egypt's estimated $4,000 Jew
ish population had been driM-
en- out. The remaining Jews
were living in constant fear
and waiting for the day they
could get out.
The Arizona post., 1957-09-20
u. S. JewN
In 5717 Aids
Thousands

By
Rabbi Herbert A. Friedman
Executive Vice-Chairman,
United Jewish Appeal

United Jewish Appeal
The outgoing year SIT,
will surely go down in the an
mails of Jewish history as one
of the most momentouS. In
fact, so much happened in so
relatively short a period that
it might take several years
before we can digest and COM
prehend the full meaning of
the past years noteworthy
events.
It was a year of strife and
bloodshed, a year Of renewed
refugee terror and flight. 1t
was also a year of magnifi-
cent courage and warm
hearted response to human
itarian appeal. Never have
the understanding between
the people of Israel and Am
erican JeWry been stronger.
THE WORLD was electri-
fled when the Sinai campaign
developed early in SIT, fol-
lowing months, indeed, years,
of haraSsment and insecurity.
Yet, Israel had often warned
her neighbors to call off the
almost nightly border raids.
And in the United Nations Is
raePs spokesmen declared
time and again that no nation
could stand by idly while it's
citizens were being robbed
and murdered by gangs from
across the border.
IsraePs "1OO-Hour" engage
ment of Egypt's 70 re e S
brought a greater sense of
security to her people. But
it did more than that, of
course. It punctured the illu-
sion of Nasser's invincibility
and halted Egypt's steady
build-up of men and material
in the Sinai peninsula, which
could have had but one pur-
pose, the launching of a full
scale war against Israel.
Tied in with its natural
quest for physical security
was IsraePs knowledge that
she must provide a safe ref
uge for new thousands of
Jewish refugees seeking a
haven. A spectacular devel-
opment in the flow of refu-
gees into the country was TAX
ing place. The Hungarian re-
volt in Vem ber, 1856,
The Arizona post., 1957-09-20

While these momentouS de-
velopments were ia k in G
shape, American Jewry re-
spHmded with characteristic
imagination and generosity.
AT OUR NATIONAL Res
The Arizona post., 1957-09-20

REFUGEES sPRINEB0GRD- This photo Layout graphically
describes the pufh Of refugees fleeing European and North
Africa troubled spots The port Of Genoa, at left hos become
the departure point for thousands Of Jewish mgronis right
mgronfs papers Gscked by United Hios Officials
Above fac-simile Of the huveers check issued 70 Jews
PEELED Egypt This check is ug that is allowed plus few
personal by the Egyptian The passport pic
tvred the type issued by the Egypfion government
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1957-01-17

MOORE gas heater. cast iron, 65,OO0
BTU, $40. RE. 1-4647.
PERSONALIZED napkins, matches.
coasters, stirrers. for engagements,
weddings, anniversaries, new homes,
etc The SCOOP, 814 East l52nd St.
1852 WILLYS Jeep tow truck. power
winch fl. snow plow, new motor
ton ton cash ' egisfST iiSTo' e,ecfric pnonths
old, guaranteed, $500; upright Coke
machine, $50; large office fan, SIS;
l hip. compressor motor, S25; ad-
Unstable Jacks. $40: King ignition
tester, $50; wheel balancer and as
sorted weights, $50: station labor
price books, $40. WI. 3-3O7e or VIII.
A-5O88
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1957-01-17

appliances; all makes; prompt serv-
ice. MU. l-9lSS.
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1957-01-17

AIR compressor for paint spraying,
$40. GL. 1-l662.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-13

the Federal Government TO
hear and Judge such COM
plants.
The question then arose
whether judgments against
defendants in such cases con-
stituted civil or criminal con-
tempt.
Now this is a very interest
ing question indeed, depend
ing. basically, upon a social
intention.
The object of a sentence
for civil contempt is to cause
the culprit TO desist from
practices Of which he has
been found guilty.
The object of a sentence
for criminal contempt is
punitive-to throw the fear
Of God" into the defendant.
In the fascinating debate
in the Senate the issue
eventually revolved around
the question of what au-
thority could Judge crime.
Southerners, in unexpected
alliance with western
liberals. insisted that sem
fences for criminal contempt
must go before a jury If de-
PENDANTS were not TO be de-
prived Of their civil rights.
The administration has
maintained that Southern
juries would never convict,
assuming an irradicable pref
udice that would Illustrate
the law
1t seems TO me that this
improbable assumption, II &C
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-13
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

The Government says employment has reached a rec
ord 672 million Jobs About half of them repair
men driving to and from wherever it is that they can't
reached all day.
South Cardinals Senator Thurmond hints at third
party in 1850 He forgets that the American like
week end Both tend to get confused with than
parties
Queen Elizabeths attendance at the Maryland-North
Carolina football in October will give chance to
observe old-fashioned trafnc jam.
Crazy mixedup kid: A boy trying to follow his fathers
advice to keep his hand the ter eyes stars
and his shoulder to the wheel.
The Census Bureau estimates the United States popu-
laton at I'll million. And don't think can't the
requirements Even TV western wipes five
six citizens between commercials
Republican and Democratic committees give fellowships
to political scientists political scientist guy who
his living by not betting the outcome Of elections
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-13
Senate Action on Bill Seen Relieving
Administration of Impossible Tasks

Intervention Of the Fed
eral Government to enforce
the civil rights OF Southern
Negroes was sought by the
Eisenhower Republican adj
ministration on the assump-
ton that these rights were
being violated.
But exactly what the rights
are was in serious dispute.
Despite the Supreme Court
decision. most Southerners
believe with intense convic-
ton that there is nothing in
the Constitution that pro-
hibits the education Of the
races in separate schools;
that the courts decision was
not made on constitutional
grounds but out Of unprov-
able sociological considera-
tons; that 1t was a usurpa-
ton by the Federal Govern
ment Of powers never granted
1t, which 1t would take a
constitutional amendment to
obtain: and that Supreme
Court decisions have been
successfully challenged in
the past.
The right, however, Of
every American citizen to
register and vote under
whatever qualifications are
equally applicable to all, is
constitutionally assured, and
is the law Of every State. 1t
was charged that this right
is de facto violated in GER
tain communities, and that.
patiently. 1t was the duty Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-13
Pro and Con on Cigarette Issue

is an increasing and con-
sistent body of evidence that
excessive cigarette smoking is
one Of the causative factors
in lung cancer"
But the Surgeon General
also adds:
, AT the same time. it is
clear that heavy and pro-
longed cigarette smoking is
not the only cause Of lung
cancer. Lung cancer occurs
among nonsmokers, and the
incidence of lung cancer
among various population
groups does not always COIN
eide with the amount of
cigarette smoking.
THE precise nature of the
factors in heavy and pro-
longed cigarette smoking
which can cause lung cancer
is not known. The public
: health service supports the
recommendation of the study
group that more research is
needed to identify, isolate
and try to eliminate the fac
tors in excessive cigarette
smoking which can cause
cancer.
THE service also supports
the recommendation that
more research is needed into
the role Of air pollution and
other factors which may also
be causes of lung cancer in
man."
There was a time when
medical men throughout the
country insisted that the
public should take It's med
ical advice from them and
not from public discussion of
controversial aspects of
cures" as we'll as alleged
causes of various illnesses.
Today, however. mere sus-
picion and guilt by associa-
ton" through statistics are
apparently considered SUM-
GENTLY convincing to arouse
the public to change its hab-
its of life. Just as it is i'm
portant for all pertinent facts
and statistics to be publicized,
so it is also important for the
dissenting view among scien-
lists and physicians to be
presented to the same public.
This writer happens never
to have been a smoker, but
does not feel it incumbent
upon him to help scare other
people into changing their
habits of life on the basis
merely of Statistical associa-
ton" or suspicion.
Reproduction RiEhts Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-13
DORIS FLEEsON
y. S. Women and Equal Rights

party would have to do in
order to make it an effective
source Of appointments is to
waive the requirement that
top jobs must have political
clearance.
This clearance is an old
political custom, true of both
parties. and applied rigor-
ously in the early days of a
change of administration. 1t
is simply a fact that rela-
lively few women who would
m a Ike a list of potential
officeholders are in the high
income tax brackets which
permit them to make hand
some campaign contribu-
tons. Therefore they are
unlikely to be on any lists
drawn up at a political head
quarters.
Incidentally, the Presi-
dents remark last week that
it was the first time the equal
rights amendment had come
to his attention in about a
year did not amuse Miss
Alice Paul. veteran fighter
for that amendment. 1T was
in his budget message to
Congress January 49," she
said. Someone must have
put it in for him."
Notes tor Francis
Case Of South Dakota writes
as follows: THE railroad
brotherhoods had no more to
do with my vote on the jury
trial amendment than the
Prime Minister of Timbuc-
too. From the outset I
wanted the right of trial by
jury maintained in the case
of all criminal actions aris-
ing under this act"
The Congressional Record
for July IL does, indeed,
show that Senator Case ex-
pressed his belief in the right
of trial by jury when a crime
has been committed.-D. F.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-13

now 81 years old - is a
punctured balloon in French
politics. He had his chance
at the end of World War II
but muffed it by a total lack
of political know-how. Mar
shall JUN, who was regarded
by many as their hopeful,
proved no better than De
Gaulle. He vaguely attempted
some behind the-sceneS polit-
ical operations, but those who
had intended to rally behind
him gave up in time. He could
not rouse the masses which
are ready to be reused by the
proper individual.
The industrial population,
which is powerful, also soon
became fed up with the
demagogues who were parrot
ing the lines from the Krem-
lin. The French are French
first and last. They want to
create their own revolution
but are not prepared to fol-
low that of others. Thus when
the French Communists,
clever and resourceful as
they are, began to sell their
fellow countrymen an i'm
ported line" they were
listened to for only a short
while. They soon showed
themselves to be nothing
more than puppets of a
foreign country representing
an alien philosophy. Their
demagoguery is no longer eff
fective. They lost the re-
mainder of their influence on
the French masses by their
attitude during the -Hungar-
ian revolution.
The Communist Party still
has some 140 deputies in
the National Assembly. But
trained observers who see
the almost complete lack Of
effectiveness of the Reds in
the present struggle of the
workers for improved living
conditions, suggest that at
the next election they will be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-13
Wanted: Man on a White Horse

very lucky to return half that
number to Parliament.
Which way will France go?
Nobody has an answer. 1t is
probable that the present
Bourges Maunoury cabinet
will last until fall. The Ma
tional Assembly has recessed
until october IS. When 1t
returns, it is certain to give
the Premier a vote of nom
confidence. Frances Presi-
dent Rene Coty is expected
to ask for the dissolution of
the present Parliament and
new elections. But such elec-
tons have taken place sew
eral times since the Fourth
Republic was established and
things have worsened rather
than improved.
The fact is that many
neutrality-suspicious. the
powerful farmers and small
business men-have begun to
lose faith in the electoral
system. They use a famous
sentence more frequently
than in the past, "plus CO
change plus c'est la meme
chose" (the more 1t changes
the more it's the same thing.
1t is in these quarters that
":the man on a white horse"
is being looked for. And
there seems to be nobody In
the offing who could assume
such a burdensome and dam
gerous responsibility in the
troubled world of today. 1t
is pointed out that such per-
sonalities appear suddenly
and from the most unex-
pected quarters. They are
not known beforehand. Not
so in France. The French
like their food carefully pre-
pared for a long time before
1t is served.
1t took some 80 years Of
careful preparation by OUT
standing intellectuals to
bring about the bloody revo-
luton Of 1889. There are
neither the men nor, for that
matter, the time for such o
slow process these days.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-13
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Problems Expected to Plague France
Till 1t Finds a Strong Leader

PARIS. France (By Air
maiD Nobody knows why
any man in politics who is
as honest and sincere as
Premier Bourges-Maunoury
wants to remain in Office. He
won't be there long; that is
certain.
He realizes the hopeless
ness of the task of any in
dividual who tries to solve
frances problems. To the
inevitable domestic head
aches caused by the acute
financial situation and what
is still described as creep
ing initiation" must be added
the very serious Algerian
question.
When I asked an old-time
French political man wheth-
er, from his long parliament
tary experience, he could
give an answer to how this
cancer could be cured he re-
piled: "Only a strong govern
ment could have the courage
to cure these ailments by
drastic surgery. No strong
government is possible these
days in France. And the
weak administrations which
have so far succeeded each
other will not have the cour-
age or the possibility under
the present electoral system
to apply even palliatives."
There is an underground
swell that is noticed by only
a few astute politicians. The
French people, frustrated by
the administration of incom-
petent politicians (some Of
whom had the best intentions
but were handicapped by the
National Assembly, composed
OF some IA large and small
political groups) are anxiously
scanning the horizons for a
man on a white horse" But
so far there is nobody who
is capable Of assuming this
role.
Gen. Charles de Gaulle-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-13
DOROTHY THOMPSON
Real Progress in Civil Rights

cepted, would challenge the
very concept of trial by jury.
Everyone alive has prejudices.
Very righteous people (ac-
cording TO the late Clarence
Darrow) are harder on those
accused Of wrongdoing than
are those who have been sub
jected to similar temptations.
Every juror-and every Judge
brings himself into court.
Yet the assumption is that IL
citizens are capable of weigh
ing the facts and deciding.
despite temperaments and
preiudices. on the basis of law
and evidence.
II is not true that South
ern all-white juries have
never convicted a white man
nor upheld a Negro COM
plainant. They have often
done so. And the mere fact
that a complaint OF injustice
in election matters can be
brought before a Federal
Judge will incline local off,
Gals and citizen groups to
watch their steps.
The South feels from re-
membered experience the
danger of anti-Southern
zeal to punish-with partisan
eyes upon the colored vote.
What is needed is Justice
and reconciliation.
The President should be
grateful to the Senators who
have made real progress In
civil rights possible, and re-
lieved his administration Of
impossible tasks whose exer-
else would further sectional
lie the Nation and embitter
its races.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-13
DORIS FLEEsoN

President Eisenhower was
too modest when he said that
lit is hard for a mere man
to believe that woman doesn't
have equal rights"
He is no mere man but
President of the United
States with the power of APP
pointment to every policy
making position in the
executive branch. If he will
look about him he will dis
cover that not one of those
positions is at present oc-
cupied by a woman.
Since this Capital has only
one business-power-the
relatively insignificant part
played by women in it today
is obvious. AS in other fields.
they are making progress at
the lower levels; it is in the
area of the best jobs. best
pay and those Intangible re-
wards for which men labor
honor, admiration, the out
ward evidences of success
that women meet with bruis-
ing discrimination.
On another occasion, the
Eisenhower administrations
almost total refusal to yield
power to women was put to
the President. He was re-
minded that he was honoring
his men supporters in a series
Of stag dinners at the White
House. When did he expect
to have a dinner for women"
he was asked.
He replied that he would
like to but 1.-The women"
couldn't agree on the guest
list. In the merry laughter
from the male press which
followed that sally-as 1t did
his most recent one-the
question What women?"
got lost.