davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1957-07-10


siticn step to statehood and
statehood in fact resulted.
After brief reference to the
District of Columbia, we will
turn to the several offshore
areas.
The one exception within
the continental United States
is the District of Columbia,
coded by the States of Mary
land and Virginia in the years
1888 and 1889, respectively, to
the United States to serve as
the Federal seat Of Govern
ment. Later, in 1916, Congress
retroceded--re returned Vir-
ginia the area coded by it.
Alaska, by treaty of cession
with Russia in 1867, came un-
der United States sovereignty
by the terms Of that treaty
which declared, insofar as po-
litical status was involved
that
"* : : The inhabitants of the
coded territory : = = shall
be admitted to the enjoy
ment Of all the rights, adj
vantages, and immunities of
citizens of t h e United
States, = :"
In 1898, the United States
annexed the Hawaiian Islands
under terms of a treaty which
provided that the Islands
"* : : shall be incorporated
into the American Union as
a State, enjoying the same
degree of sovereignty as
other States, and admitted
as such as soon as it can be
done in consistency with the
principles and requirements
of the Federal Constitution
on a perfect equality
with the other States Of the
Union"
The S-panish-American War
, 1957-07-10

commencing your commence
ment with an argument.
The Supreme Court of the
United States, as recently as
1855, in a case originating in
the Virgin Islands found it de-
sirable or necessary to again
review or cite its earlier deci-
sions involving the political
status of the territorial areas
Of the United States. That de-
cision, and more particularly
t h e landmark cases cited
therein, is the basis for a num-
Der Of the propositions which
follow.
The Federal Constitution,
in the Property Clause (Art.
w, sec. 3, cl. p gives the Con-
gress authority to ~ make
all needful Rules and Regula-
tons respecting the Territory
or other Property belonging
to the United States : ="
Accordingly, Congress h a S
from time to time established
governments in the various
territories that have come UNI
DER Federal control. g
We lay aside the unchal-
|lenged statement that within
the continental United States
territorial government W a $
c~ustomarily viewed as a tran
, 1957-07-10
a D D r E S S
by GEORGE w. ABBOTT

Prepared for delivery at Graduation Exercises
christiansted High School, chrstiansted, ST. Croix, v. /.
June %, 1857: $50 P. M.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21
..AguinoIdo, Old Enemy
'OfU. S., MeI|owed at SO

MANILA, Mar. 81 (P).-Gen.
Emilio Aguinaldo, who warred
against the United States more
than half a century ago, cele-
brates his 88th birthday tomor-
row.
The thin old man who still
wears his natty white Filipino
revolutionary" uniform bears no
grudge against his former foe.
Instead he believes friendship
with America is the key to the
Philippines survival in troubled
Asia.
Except for poor vision in one
eye. Gen. Aguinaldo is in ex-
Icellent health. Up at S o'clock
every morning. he exercises for
80 minutes, feeds his doves and
makes his own coffee.
The old man eats little meat
and shuns alcohol. But he has
"a passion for chocolate.
Gen. Aguinaldo is driven every
day from his home in Kawit
Village to Manila, where he
holds down two jobs-chairman
of the Veterans Pension Board
and head Of the Association Of
Veterans Of the Revolution.
Gen. Aguinaldo's movement
for independence began in 1896
when he revolted against Spain.
When the Spanish American
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21
BY the Associated Press

Vice President Nixon was due
back home today from his 22-day
African tour with recommended
tons TO increase United States
economic and technical aid to
countries on the African con-
tinent. He also wants better
personnel at American Embas-
sizes, consulates and information
Offices.
Mr.. Nixon took of from Tunis
in his special Air Force plane
after attending sports program
celebrating Tunisia's first year
of independence. French JUS
tice Minister Francois Mitterand
Frances representative at the
program. left the stadium in a
huff and flew back to Paris when
he found Algerian Nationalist
Leader Ferhat Abbas seated
nearby.
Mr.. Mitterand and Mr.. Nixon
met at the airport and chatted
for 20 minutes. Mr.. Nixon re-
portedly told the Frenchman the
Algerian-Fr struggle could
be resolved only through peace
full means.
Mr.. Nixon's recommendations
to President Eisenhower on the
basis Of the l8.000-mile African
swing probably will be kept pri-
vate. However. these appeared
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21
Nixon Due Home Today;
.Fovors More African Aid

to be the policies he favors after
visiting Ghana. Liberia, Ethio-
Ipia, Uganda. Morocco, Libya
Sudan and Tunisia:
/. A step-up in the United
States economic and technical
aid, especially to newly indie
pendent countries. to help them
keep their individual identity in
the face of mounting pressure
to join rival blocs and fedora
tons. Such aid would not pro-
vide the main outside assistance
for former French-controlled
areas such as Morocco and Tuh-
iSia or those where British in
fiuence has been predominant
as in newly independent Ghana
and the Uganda protectorate.
2. Greatly increased cultural
exchange programs to enable
more African leaders and stu
dents to spend time in the United
States.
3. An expansion of United
States information activities
mainly by improving library
centers. Mr.. Nixon considers
them more effective in building
good will than Voice of America
broadcasts and publicity, re-
leases.
4. A determined effort to
strengthen personnel in the en-
bassies. consulates and inforn1a-
ton offices.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21
IAH-Foith PorIey
IUrqed on Near East

I The National Conference of
Spiritual Foundations has pro-
posed a -Moslem-Jew-
ish meeting in the Near East
aimed at "a solution Of difficult
ties in the Near East ana on
Cyprus
The conference is sponsored by
the Foundation for Religious
Action in the Social and Civil
Order. an all-faith group headed
by the Rev. Charles E. Lowry and
the Rev. Edward L. II. Elson.
pastor of National Presbyterian
Church. which President Essen
hover attends.
In resolution the conference
urged that leaders of the three
main Western religions meet "at
the earliest possible OPPORTUNITY
at some Near Eastern point. such
as Istanbul."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21
LOST


BOXER. ". old, tavn color, spayed
choke collar with tags: HEIDI: vic
vest end Falls Church; children's pet
BOXER, male, vic. Springfield. Va. Fawn
marked BY white on feet. throat. head
Eotfy WREN 'sSs FL AH 4.Sd5s to reward Ma1'
DoBERMAN PUPPY, 5 months. tapec
ears. vicinity Largo. Md. reward. WA
DOG, small. mongrel, tan with Whit
MARKINGS va. license 2Ss906: $50 re-
ward. XII, 0-2G22
DOG. small. reddish brown. long, hair
vicinity American University PARK an
3-6ioo or I'm. 5.dGass. 'O' -
DOG. cocker pup. reddish brown. freckl,
face and white throat, Wearing greer
moreland Hills, Md. Liberal reward
OIL 2-657a.
DOG: Basset hound, black, white; tan
lice License po,,; 329i4: vic Bgeknell MsnOI
p months German ri shsPheTd puppy ABOUT
Rainier AP. T-ii66. "
EYEGLASSES. ladys black and whit
ward ofierd HU 3-52s0.
FALSE TEETH. Vicinity OF oreenbel
Industrial Plant, Route /. Reward AP
1-luO2
PEARL BRACELET, double strand. witt
pearl clasp; reward. Call tn. 2-4ls0
WATCH, with pin, Whitnauer. Initial
NJ. r. q. Reward. RIA. 3-724S.
WATCH. iRdy's, Hamilton. Mar. 20, I1ti
and Y sts. NV, 9TH and q pl, Reward
ST 3-O733: evenings, RIA. 3-4346.
WALLET, mans. lost vic. Kirkwoo
Apis. Hyattsville. Contains importan
papers. Finder keep money, retIrl
wallet. TIE B-0S69.
WATCH, lhdy,s, yellow gold. with . dia
value lost vic. downtown: reward
LOST YOUR PET? Cali WASHINGTON
ANIMAL RESCUE LEAGUE. NC
7b73U
taire set in gold ring Call RE. 7-O48i
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21

mander Of the United States
Strategic Air Command, was a
'high-ranking lunatic.'
Most lunatics are harmless,
but Kenney is a violent and dan
|gerous lunatic," the paper said,
in commenting on his statement
to a national military industrial
conference in Chicago on March
is.
In the speech the former head
Iof United States Air Force OPP
Ierations in the Southwest Pa
ciflc and Far East said the
United Nations should give an
ultimatum to Soviet Russia to
diSarm and reform or face the
possibility of about war.
Izvestia recommended a strait
Jacket for the retired general.
That's all science can do for
George Kenney at the present
stage Of its development" the
paper said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21
.Libya 10 Receive
More u. ). Aid

TRIPOLI. Libya. Mar. 81 up.
A joint United States-Libyan
communicate today said Libya
will receive more American eco
nomic aid under the Eisenhower
Middle East doctrine.
The communioue was issued
after four days of talks between
former Representative James P.
Richards. President Eisenhower's
special envoy in the Middle East,
and Libyan officials headed by
Premier Mustafa Ben Hahn.
The Premier Endorsed tho
Eisenhower doctrine last week
before Mr.. Richards arrival from
Lebanon. Lebanon also APP
proved the plan, designed to halt
Communist penetration of the
Middle East.
The United States-Lipyan
communique said that the talks
here revealed an identity of
interest" on the Presidents plan.
1t called 1.-The aggressive nten-
tons of international commu-
nism the greatest present
threat to national independence
and the peace and security of the
world community" ADDING:
The government OF I.ibya re-
ceived with approval Ambas-
sador Richards assurance that
U. S. Middle East policy does not
seek to establish spheres of in
f1uence on a special position of
power in the Middle East. but is
devoted to strengthening the ma
tons of the area so they may
be masters Of their own desti-
MES.
In support OF these principles
1T was agreed that additional
economic aid to Libya is needed
and will be forthcoming from
the United States"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21

War broke out. he joined the
victorious United States forces
Gen. Aguinaldo and his CO.
horts soon tired Of the American
occupation and rose up again in
1898. He proclaimed the first
Philippine Republic" but the re-
volt backfired and he was taken
prisoner.
After his capture Gen. Aguin-
aldo took an oath of allegiance
to the United States. but he
wore a black tie in silent protest
against American rule.
When freedom came to the
islands in 1916, he tremendously
removed the black tie.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21
Reporotions Offer
By japan Reported

TOKYO. Mar. 81 R.--The
newspaper Yomiuri said today
Japan would offer Indonesia
shortly a new war reparations
plan calling for japanese pay
ment of $3.50 million over a To-
to-l5-year period.
There was no immediate COM
ment by the Foreign Office on
the report.
The newspaper said the new
offer calls for: a 500 million
payment in cash which will be
stricken from a $l70 million
trade balance; a $500 million
payment in capital goods. and
$3.50 million economic co-opera-
ton in investments or loans.
Indonesia has demanded $500
million war PREPARATIONS from
Japan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21

from his internment on the Sey-
chelle Islands Internationally
in order to resume negotiations
with the British government.
Truce Offered by EOKA
EOKA. the Greek Cypriot I'M
foreground. last week offered a
truce in its guerrilla war against
the British if the British would
end the archbishop's exile. Mr.
Lennox-Boyd in reply told Par
lament Archbishop Makarios
would be freed Immediately if he
would call a halt to the anti
British violence on Cyprus. But
he added the churchman could
not return to the island, where
the British claim he helped di-
rect the EOKA campaign.
The Greek Cypriots have in
sisted steadily that only talks
between the archbishop and the
British could bring a peaceful
settlement for Cyprus.
In Athens, Greek Premier Con.
stantine Karamanlis in a state
ment attacked Britain's accept.
ance of the NATO Cancellation
offer. He said it ignored a u. N
General Assembly resolution
adopted $50 on February 26
calling for resumed negotiations
aimed at attaining democratic
peaceful conditions on the
island.
Direct Negotiations Urged
1.-THE Greek government
therefore, considers that the
proper procedure should be the
inception Of negotiations be.
tween Britain and the Cypriot
people who cannot be bound By
any decision taken in their alb.
Sence." Mr.. Karamanlis said.
The U. N. resolution did moi
spell out who would do the ne.
gotiating. However, Indian anc
other members of the Asian
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21

strikes at home fell to 43-year.
old Labor Minister lain Macleod
Mr.. Macleod was fighting two
more giant strike threats from
unions demanding 10 per cent
wage increases. the same per.
icentage boost sought by the ship.
yard workers.
The threats came from en-
cheering workers. who average
S36.24 week, and railway
workers. whose pay ranges from
$1,000 for station porters tc
$1,000 for locomotive engineers
The shipyard workers average
$36.24 weekly. The national
average wage is just over $50.
The engineering unions al.
ready have called a SNOWFALL
strike starting Saturday. 1t would
bring out by. stages their 2i5
million workers, whose jobs range
from turning a bolt in a small
tool shop to operating the biggest
machines in aircraft. automotive
and electrical equipment fac
tories.
The union plan calls for a first
walkout by a million men in IL
vital industrial regions. with
others joining daily until key
plants all over the nation are
crippled by April 6.
Reject 3 Per Cent Raise
A government wage boarc
studying the railwaymen's de.
mands offered a per cent wage
increase. but leaders of thu
370,000-man National Union o.
Railwaymen turned it down as ar
"insult."
The shipbuilders and engi-
neers. whose unions are affiliated
in a 40-union confederation,
have protested that their en-
lployers have refused to make a
cash offer. The shipyard owners
have insisted they would fight
any increased costs in the form
'of pay increases, but they made
a last-minute offer to arbitrate
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21

for the shipyard and engineering
disputes. 1t was said to call for
the employers to make a cash
offer and for the unions to agree
10 an impartial inquiry into
charges that they have hampered
production by restrictive prac-
tees.
Put together. the strikes and
strike threats added up to the
worst industrial unrest in Britain
since the general strike of 1926.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21

African bloc sponsoring the
measure said it meant negotia-
lions between the British and
Cypriots.
The Cyprus dispute has soured
relations between Britain and
Greece. staunch allies in World
War II as well as NATO part
Iners. The British have accused
Greece of encouraging Cypriot
terrorists., The dispute also has
ended Greek Turkish co-opera-
ton under their Balkan pact
with Yugoslavia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21
Greeks Reject Mediation
On Cyprus by NATO q

NICOSIA, Cyprus, Mar. 81 (P).
Cypriots and the Greek
government have rejected a
British-approved offer by NATO
to mediate f3r peace on Cyprus.
British Colonial Secretary Alan
Lennox-Boyd told the House OF
Commons yesterday London was
willing to let the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization try to settle
the controversy over the strategic
British colonial island in the
East Mediterranean. The plan
was for NATO to attempt con-
COLLATION. among Britain. Greece
and Turkey-all NATO members
Within hours Greek and Greek
Cypriot leaders declared their
opposition.
Turkey Is Silent
The Turkish government made
no official statement, but a source
close to the Foreign Ministry
said Turkey would welcome
NATO Cancellation. He added
that Turkish delegates at the
United Nations already haG
made such a proposal"
Most of the 400,00 Greek
Cypriots want Cyprus united
with Greece. The 100000 Turk
ish Cypriots oppose this.
Mayor Themistocles N. Dervis
of Nicosia declared that "the
Cyprus problem is not one of
differences existing among the
governments of Greece. Turkey
and Great Britain, but one
which affects the self-determi-
nation of Cyprus. 1t should be
settled directly between Britain
and Archbishop Makarios, the
representative of the Greek
Cypriot people"
Andread Pouyiouros, leftist
Mayor of Famagusta. on Cyprus
east coast. said the Greek Ortho-
dox archbishop should be freed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21

VINO nave been on strike since
Saturday as part of a nationwide
stoppage in support of 10 per
cent wage increase.
The liner was escorted out Of
port early this morning by navy
tugs ordered into service by the
British government.
I This produced angry charges
of strike breaking from shipyard
workers. and their union leaders
appealed to the dockworkers to
join in a sympathy protest.
Dockers agreed to handle the
28.000-ton liner Edinburgf
Castle. due to sail for. South AZ
RIGA today. because the passen-
gers already were aboard.
The spokesman said they
would refuse to handle any ships
after that-including the 26,314-
ton America. due from New York
on Saturday. and the $4,000 ton
Queen Elizabeth, due Monday.
The shipyard workers claimed
repairs on the 81 ,000-ton Queen
Mary had not been finished
when the nationwide shipyard
strike began last Saturday. The
walkout of 100000 workmen
made idle 70 shipyards and
stopped work on 300 ships under
construction.
Union Appeals Ignored
Crewmen aboard privately
owned tugs refused to help move
the New York-bound Queer
Mary. and shore gangs declined
to cast off her mooring lines
Cunard Office workers handled
the lines anc six government
tugs got her out of the harbor
Union officials circled the biz
vessel in a launch and shouted
to the civilian hands aboard the
admiralty boats not to work
The appeals went unheeded. Or
the big ship. many of the 91C
passengers lined the deck tc
cheer the tugs.
The big American liner United
States slipped in and out OF
Southampton during the night
before the sailing of the Queen
Mary reached a showdown.
Burden on Macleod
With Prime Minister Macmil-
Ian in Bermuda for talks with
President Eisenhower, the bur-
den of checking the epidemic OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21
FOUND

CAT, handsome. gray and white, OF
18TH g., near Davenport st. NV. OIL
DOG, cocker, golden, young female
FOUND IN kensinRton area. OIL. 4-4lb7
DOG, cocker, black, male Chevy Chase
~, 5-5l 80, 500 to 3 pm.
DOG. boxer. mixed iaun male in. In Sill
yer Spring, Mo, Duke on collar, JU
5-blsJ $40 to 5 pm
DOG, male puppy. brown and white
mixed breed Vicinity T.. Luray ave
owner or good Va home. XII a-395D
PUPPY. cocker: anxious 70 And n
owner Will be returned upon identi
patton. NO. 7-13lO
tfM OF MONEY. Call 10. $3.50.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21
Kenney a Lunotic,
.Izvestiu Declares

Moscow Mar. 81 (P.-Iz-
vestia, the Soviet government
newspaper, said yesterday Gen.
George c. Kenney, retired COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21
British Dockers Strike
As Navy Tugs Move Liner

LONDON Mar 81 CP-Dockworkers struck the port of
Southampton today protesting of
the liner Queen Mary sail foNew York The strike
to paralyze the vast transatlantic terminal.
The dockworkers mostly shore handle
traffic in the Joined 900 shpyad workers repamen
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21
|Austerity Stirs5
Political Storm
In Argentina

BUENOS AIRES. Argentina,
Mar. 81 (P.-A political storm
swirled. today around the plan
put forward by President Pedro
Aramburu'S government to meet
Argentina's dire economic plight
The chief controversy centered
on the programs reported pro-
visions for a free enterprise
economy for prices and a tight
control for wages.
Informed sources said at least
five of the IA members of the
cabinet opposed the plan, de-
claring it would hurt working
class pockets and bring additiona
criticism on the provisional
government. One of the five al
ready has pledged a fight fol
tight price controls.
Appeal for Austerity
The plan. prepared by FL
nance Minister Roberto Verrier
has not officially been made pub
lie But much of its contents
leaked out through government
sources and political leaders.
Mr.. Verrier gave copies of the
program to leaders of the coun.
try's feuding political parties
yesterday after he and Gen
Aramburu joined in a nation
wide radio appeal for austerity
to remedy the economic ills left
by Dictator Juan Peron.
With the radio audience lis
tening in. Gen. Aramburu de-
manded the cooperation of the
political leaders in dealing with
the situation. He said he was
talking lin a language which
calls for austerity. privation and
hard work for the present, with
eyes fixed on abundance anc
happiness for a tomorrow not fan
away"
Resignation Threatened
( Mr.. Verrier. who has threat
ened to resign if his recovery
plan is not carried out, said
Argentinas foreign exchange
earnings will be more than 5000
million less than its expenses in
foreign trade by the end of the
year. To pay for the deficit, he
said. the nations gold reserves
Of S237 million will be wiped out.
He added that government ex-
penses will be IA billion pesos
tS455 million) above expected
revenues.
Gen. Aramburu said the Peron
regime. which was overthrown in
September. 1856, left the nation
."decapitalized and very badly
equipped. indebted, with low and
bad production, with a transport
system Anticipated and losing
money. with an insufficient high
way system. with a lack Of
power"
Many political leaders have
been critical of Gen. Aramburu
and some have denied that
austerity is the solution to Ar
gentina's crisis.
The latest demands for a
general belt-tightening came at
time Argentina already is suf-
lfering from a series of wildcat
wage strikes paralyzing many
industries.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-21

With Prime Minister Macmil-
Ian in Bermuda for talks with
President Eisenhower. the bur-
den Of checking the epidemic OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-28
DIAMONDS
UNREDEEMED
Livingston & Co.
1923 H st. NV.

Oldest Pa wn broker in
Wash. liquidating current
stock of pawn diamonds.
Prices defy competition.
WAS NOW
$3.50 Mans appx. ga cts Mo"
Exceptionally fiery dia. with finest
american cut set in heavy lax y.g.
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$500 Lady's q ct.-A very beaut.
diamond with utmost brilliancy set
in latest style lax w.g. dia. ba-
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dous hawless dia. W. rad. color set
in heavy lax We. belcher style
mtg: A real bargain out of pawn
s US Lady's IA ets.-Extr "a ;rso
latest style lax VIZ. Miracle Top
mtg: A real buy for only S375
$500 Lady's q ct.-Blue white.
finest American cut dia. set in
plain solitaire lax y.g. mtg. $3.50
$500 Lady's Ia cts.-Gorgeous
1ia.. blue white color, mtg. in lax
We. dia. fishtail mts. Unredeemed.
5000 Dia. horseshoe birch. pin made
OF plat and studded with 80 blue
white. dias. weighing appx. pa cts.
Small dainty design. Out of pawn
S495
Sis Mans appx. 70 ct.-Bril-
liant dia. lust out of pawn at a real
bargain lax We. mtg. SOS
Sl,250 Lady's ga cts.-Modern
American cut dia with top brill
liancy. set in plat. mtg with . side
baguettes. Unredeemed pledge
Only $50 ;
$500 32o Masonic rinRSHvy. l4k
Iy.E. ring set with large center dia.
weiEhing appx. la cts. A ire
mendous bargain. Only $3.50
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-28
ANTIQUES

Do not sell your valuable antique
china. glass, furniture. etc, before
calling WALTER REED ANTIQUE
SHOPS for expert appraisals
6640 GEORGIA AVE, NV.
AND OLNEY. MD
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-28

ANTIoUEs-Pine drop-ieaf table,
4 plenk-seat chairs, natural finish,
$3.50. organ, peri. cond., S13O:
" dbl. Ottoman or love seat
S175 OF. 4-5Sfi2