Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-22
TALK AT AP LUNCHEON
Dulles Lists u. S. Aims:
Peace, Justice, Liberty

S0SST 49,
NEW YORK, April % Dr.
Following is the teri of a
speech By Secretary OF State
Dulles at, the annual Associated
Press luirslteon:
DYNAMIC PEACE
I recall pleasurably your an
nual luncheon of a year ago. II
is a compliment that you have
asked me to come a second time.
Since this is my first speech
of the second Eisenhower term,
1t may be appropriate to set
forth the basic concepts which
guide our foreign policy. 1t is
important that both friend and
foe should know the principles
by which we chart our course.
].
At the close Of World War II.
the statesmen Of the world met
at San Francisco to plan q bet
ter future for a war-scourged
world. They wrote the United
Nations Charter. and in its first
article they laid down three
basic and interlocking principles.
There must be peace: there must
be justice and there must be lib
erty for nations and for persons.
Peace, justice and liberty
these same concepts underlie the
foreign policies Of the United
States.
Our task is to realize these
concepts in a world of rapid and
accelerating change.
Two decades ago wrote that
world peace depended, not on
preserving the status quo, but on
finding ways of peaceful change.
Today, this requirement is more
than ever imperative.
Our foreign policy accepts
change as the law of life. We
seek to assure that change will
be benign. and not destructive.
so that it will promote not merely
survival but freedom and we'll
being.
II.
A first requirement is that the
door be firmly closed to change
by violent aggression.
OF all the tasks of government
the most basic is to protect its
citizens against violence. So, in
every civilized community, the
members contribute toward the
maintenance of a police force
as an arm of law and order.
Only the society Of nations
has failed to apply this rudi-
mentary principle Of civilized
life.
An effort was made through
the United Nations to create an
armed force for use by the Sc
curity Council to maintain inter-
national order. But the Soviet
Union vetoed that.
However. the member nations
still had the possibility of CO.
operating against aggression. For
the charter. with foresight. had
proclaimed that all nations had
the inherent right Of collective
self-defense.
The free nations have largely
exercised that right. The United
States has made collective de-
tense treaties with AZ other ma
tons. And the area of common
defense may now be enlarged
pursuant to the recent Middle
East resolution.
This collective security system
Is subject to assaults from
without. and to infirmities
within.
huSSlaS strategy
The Soviet rules understand
ably prefer that the free nations
should be weak and divided. as
when the men in the Kremlin
stole. one by one, the independ-
ence OF a dozen nations. So. at
each enlargement Of the area
OF collective defense, the Soviet
rulers pour out abuse against
so-called 'militaristic group
ings." And as the free nations
move to strengthen their COM
mon defense, the Soviet rulers
emit threats. But we can. /
think. be confident that such
SOVIET assaults will not disin-
tegrate the free world. Collective
measures are here to stay.
The greater danger comes
from internal hazards. A collec-
tive defense system, in which
each member nation is COM
pletely sovereign. requires a high
degree OF voluntary cooperation
and agreement.
Happily. we have that. For
example. it is agreed that the
primary task is to deter war
Modern weapons have such vast
destructive power that there
could be no real victor" were
general war ever to occur.
1t is also agreed that the
principal deterrent to aggressive
war is mobile retaliatory power
This retaliatory power must be
vast in terms Of its potential
But the extent to which it would
De used would. of course, depend
on circumstances. The essential
is That a would-be aggressor
should realize that he cannot
make armed aggression a paying
proposition.
IL is also agreed that it would
be imprudent to risk everything
on one single aspect of military
power. There must be land, sea
and air forces for local action
and for a defense which will
give mobile striking power the
chance to do its work.
Design for Defense
Thus the general design of
common defense is widely
agreed. OF course. It's detailed
application presents recurrent
difficulties. Also. the sharing Of