davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1957-12-13
sainty City NAAcP Elects.
Leonard Carter Elected
President St. Paul NAACP
At Annual BaIIOting

Leonard h. Carter young labor union executive and active
civic and political worker elected president the ST. Paul
NAACP al its annual election of officers sunday Dec The
polls open from 4 Go q pm.
Garter succeeds Frank A. Smith ~ Paul architect who
candidate reelection but elected the
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1957-12-13
Post0ffiCe Dept Garage
Sup't Logan Promoted
To Regional Assistant

James Iopuu superintendent % The Minneapolis Post
office Garage Tor the past three years at the highest Jobs
held ia rs Postal service by Negro has been promoted "a
administrative assistant te tho regional vehicle manager G. Vs.
Mills, tii- newspaper learned this week
Logan who has worked HIS way mp the ladder lu the
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1957-12-13
ARRESTTD FOR DRU M
DRIVING

starlsy " Benner fb gs31 Cir
Cor Az = Minneapolis waa ar
rested IRIS wevx on charge q
drunk 5rfvtrg
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1957-12-13
Miles Lord Appoints
Minneapolis Man To
Attorney General Staff

MiIos Lord Minnesota Attorney UeneraI broke anoiher
precedent this week when he appointed the second Negro
Mnnesotau Ak a special assistant attorney general
The new appointcc Milton Durham ~ Of ALL Stevens
Az n lie becomes the second Negro American join the
hnff hN Annnntmeni hN lord The
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1957-12-13
Limited Ten Club
Plans Annual Riddles
Christmas Party

Kenneth Stokes Wee President
end Chairman ~ me Riddles An
1aai Christmas Party COMMITTEES.
~ the Limited Ten club an
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1957-12-13

Sylvester For4 40 as W
Central 50 Paul psl8 $40 fee
ms rcss ~ fslBrs 70 have
haUte8ra acNuse
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1957-12-13

~ T. Rohna1r 8g7 E1nig 2,
Pagi f71a5 driving a. saj1 vath
agt haUaz q 3rivsra license waa
gwen 50 ~ rive dSys
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1957-12-13

iisriing Dinner Saturday.
t'r Ilih. ~ pm - Thomas
- feh 1851 5th Ave. so. " 50.
AUNT
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1957-12-13

"wha, Absvt Discrimination ~
ssisas sofaF"
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1957-12-13

Divinea who spend their time
aamunishlug members against the
sins OF playing cards and dancing
may be discouraged in a recent
report which Indicates card play
ing. bridge whist. etc has i'm
creased - per cent IN the past
decade and that - per cent more
people dance regularly than did
30 years ago And over half 81
those who make up the increase
are regular devoted Churchgoorsl
u took considerable begging 20
keep an trate Minneapolis couple
Continued on page 3
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1957-12-13

r.,ronire rtnns Advertising In
YOUR Paper
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1957-12-13

hoBored at luncheon Thursday at
Culeman's Restaurant.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1957-12-13

His hobbies include fishing.
basketball and bridge lie was
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1957-12-13
The
HIGH
And Low
DOWN
by BAII.EE THOMAS

A little bird whispered to Battle
that the Minneapolis Urban
League win soon be looking around
for a new chief executive Re
member you saw u in this column
first The present executive has
turned down seven different offers
with larger salaries and Stats
since he came here
HHH Senator Hubert u Hum
phrey 20 you, got one az the hig
gest thrills Of his life when he saw
the big turnout Of University OF
Minnesota students at meeting
sponsored by the Uni verstty
NAACp.
WHAT'S Up? Miles Lord the at
torney general and his Missus
several weeks ago met our Boss
Man in the parking lot across
from the Nicollet Hotel Miles
eycing Newman who wus tuNedoed
on down suspiclously asked
What are YOU mp 20 now The
Head Man is still wondering Just
what Lords crack meant
l. Howard Bennett just barely
missed being named TO a SIS 600 d
year post with u state commission
last year by % hair Defeated state
treasurer Arthur Hansen got the
lob which 10 is reliably mmarrd
would have went 90 the capable
brilliant Mn City lawyer Bennett
went admit the truth Of the story
bat Battle heard 10 months aEo
from reliable services.
Tho TWO biggest marital mlEups
ia tho Twin Cities are suH little
more than umurs because three
Of the principals are keeping their
own counsel and their mouths
shut real tight
Meantime 90 gossip brigade,
which iucludcs nearly all ~ ~,
have Developed 100 ditfrFrnt
versions 81 the two sad tales,
When the truth comes out. II II
ever does nobody win know u
when they hear u because u
win h. 81 manglcd,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-23

ing forward. / think all the
workers support the regime. y
Judging from other workers
at Ursus and elsewhere in Po-
land, support" is probably toe
strong a word. The workers
feeling is perhaps more one OF
hopeful liberation" They
know they have no chance OF
getting a non-Communist gov
eminent, so they aren't trying
for one. But they believe the
Gomulka regime owes them a
better living.
The mood of the workers is
indicated by questions they
asked Party Secretary Gomulks
recently when he visited a fac
tory near Poznan. They asked
questions like these:
why is the standard of NV
ing of the working class higher
in the capitalist countries than
in the Socialist ones?"
rs it possible to achieve a
80 per cent increase IN the
standard of living in the cur
rent five-year plan. taking into
consideration the present or
SANITATION of work and tech
nical progress in industry"
rs it necessary to have an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-23

area Of about Is by "a feet.
The walls are papered, the floor
is made of wide, unfinished pine
boards covered here and there
by throw rugs. The furniture is
simple, but neat. There are
two bed-couches, a large ward
robe closet, a dining table and
a large bookcase in the living
room bedroom.
Has Collection of Books
/ Mr.. Pawlak has an aston
ishing collection of books. in
Guiding Polish classics, plus
Polish translations of authors
like Dickens, Jack London, Vic
tor Hugo, Mark Twain and Earl
Stanley Gardner c'The Case OF
the Golddiggers PurseO.
/ He has a large tank of trop-
lcal f1Sh, and houSeplants are
scattered all over the apart
ment. Poles are a plant, pet
and book-loving people. Novy
SWAT street. the F street of
Warsaw, has more flower shops,
pet stores and book shops than
one could find in all of down.
town Washington
| Mr.. Pawlak has hung several
reproductions of religious paint
ings on the walls. His taste is
good.
| There is a wood stove in the
kitchen. along with a foot
powered sewing machine and.
of course. an extra bed. He has
radio and, amazingly enough,
a l0-inch television set. Few
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-23

Poles have the money or pull
to buy one Of the scarce Tv
sets. Mr.. Pawlak. as an indis.
pensable bottleneck at Ursus
has both.
The bathroom is modern.
Some Workers Views
Mr.. Pawlak is not a typical
worker, but except for his small
family. his TV set and books
he lives pretty much like other
Polish workers. A neighbor OF
his squeezeS eight persons into
an apartment with only one
additional room. This is per-
haps more typical.
Do the workers believe they
have gained from last years
revolution?
This reporter walked through
the factory talking to people at
random and privately. Every
one Saio pretty much the same
thing. AS one put it: There is
an end of the tension that used
to exist. There is no spying and
no Matchmaking by government
and party people. I can say
what I please. We get along
better with the MANAGEMENT
now. I wish I had more money,
though.
Mr.. Pawlak said he was op-
timistic about the future,
There will be big changes.
used to be sure everything was
going backward and always
getting worse. Now we've re-
versed direction, and we're 60
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-23

cation and demonstration
which cound change funda-
mentally the Polish industrial
Setup.
In theory. worker and man.
agement interests are the same
when both are working for the
state to produce more tractors.
1t remains to be seen whether
the workers councils in Poland
will merely cooperate with
management or whether they
will start to fight for what they
believe is right. In Yugoslavia,
where the councils first were
developed, workers have simply
taken over all management re-
sponsibilities in many instances.
Mr.. Pawlak is enthusiastic
about the new development.
Other workers, however, did
not mention the council when
asked what improvements
they had seen since last years
great changes in Poland. 1t
appears that the councils are
less important to the ordinary
workers than to more conScien-
tious men like Mr.. Pawlak.
Sees No Early improvement
No matter what changes &C.
cur in Poland, Mr.. Pawlak does
not expect his own way of life
to improve rapidly. He has been
living in the same apartment
for seven years. and he does
not see the day when he will
do better.
He has one room and a
kitchen and bath in an apart
sment development near the
factory. The building was
erected after the war-as was
almost everything in this heav-
lily damaged country. From the
outside it looks like one of the
lower-budget apartment devel-
opments in a Washington sub
urb, but inside. the fiat is less
neatly done and is smaller.
Mr.. Pawlak. his wife and Z
year-old daughter live in an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-23

don't want to produce an,
more" he said. "They don I
understand what it means tC
do good. steady work. And they
aren't skilled. They couldn't d.
better if they tried"
The money doesn't attract
them because there is LITTLE
they can buy with it. Then
basic wage will purchase thu
necessities Of life. But to jump
from the necessities to their
Poland-luxuries is too far q
leap.
Cars are terribly expensive
and are rationed only to people
with pull. Good furniture il
also out of reach. New privati
homes are unobtainable. AnC
there is no place to wear gooC
clothing.
Vacations are almost free
education is free; apartment
rent is negligible. In a welfare
state emergencies are provided
for, so why save money? And
anyhow. the value of the zloty
is sagging.
Poor machinery would still
hold down productivity even i.
everyone tried his best, Mr.
Pawlak said. Ursus needs mod,
ern. imported machinery. Mr.
Pawlak talks wistfully of auto.
nation.
The workers certainly are
not satisfied with their income.
or the goods they can buy
Mr.. Pawlak said he earned zoe
zlotys a month before the wal
and that he lived better then
If I had kept up my prewal
status" he said, Il would owr
car now"
Helps Employer and Workers
Mr.. Pawlak is doing what he
can to improve operation OF
the plant. His fellow workers
elected him to the Workers
Council when it was organized
last January. The councils are
considered by the Poles to be
one of the most progressive
accomplishments of the revo-
luton. Workers meet regularly
with management representa-
tiveS and try to solve labor
problems.
Mr.. Pawlak says his council
usually finds a mutually salts
factory solution to each prob
lem, but sometimes, he said
II have to fight hard for the
workers." If there is no quick
settlement, then a whole fac
tory section will meet with the
supervisors. So far, Mr.. Paw
lax said. management repre-
sentatives have not had tt
force a decision. even though
in theory they would have the
last word.
Mr.. Pawlak is not like a
Western shop steward. He is
supposed, for instance, to pro-
tect the management from UNI
realistic complaints or requests
from the men. He is supposed
to be working with the man
Iagement on labor matters, moi
simply negotiating worker de-
mands.
The Workers Councils are
new. of course, and no one
knows how they will work out
But Poles believe they repre-
sent a step toward decentrali-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-23

he is the only man among the
5000 workers at the Ursus fac
tory who can ream a hole
through a gear to within five
ten-thousanths of an inch of
a specified size. So every gear
made at Ursus which must be
reamed accurately must be
reamed by Mr.. Pawlak.
A Big Problem in Poland
The story of Mr.. Pawlak and
the Ursus tractor factory-the
only tractor plant in Poland
illustrates some of the great
problems face6 by the new,
liberal Communist government
here. The government must
raise the standard of living
in Poland or encounter heavy
opposition from the people
More tractors. to enable the
farmers to grow more and
cheaper food, are essential.
Yet the Ursus factory is so
short of skilled workers that
only one man is qualified to
do this particular operation.
And. it should be added, if
more skilled men could be
found, the old fashioned, worn
out machinery at Ursus would
be inadequate to serve them.
While a skilled labor force
is being built and while modern
machines slowly are being &C
quired, MI. Pawlak and his
fellow workers all over Poland
live at a far lower standard
than their efforts should earn
for them. They are thankful
for their new freedom and in
dependence. but they are not
going to wait forever for the
Gomulka regime to prove it
can find a better material life
for the Polish people.
Unusual Diligence
Mr.. Pawlak, 81 years old, has
been working at Ursus for 10
years. He is tall with a neatly
trimmed muStache and serious
expression.
His diligence makes him an
unusual worker at UrsuS, but a
combination of high pay, pride
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-23

in his own ability as a crafts
man and a feeling of RESPONSE
biltiy toward the factory keep
him at his machine through a
long day. He doesn't even stop
for lunch.
He is paid for each piece he
produces. He has a monthly
plan" which if fulfilled will
bring him 5000 zlotys a month.
If he overfulfllls-and he al
ways does-his income goes up
to as much as 1000 Zlotys.
The average worker at Ursus
makes 1000 zlotys a month,
according to the factory mana
ger. A skilled lather operator
makes 1900 a month. A wo-
man sweeper - keeping the
plant with a twig broom-was
making 600, a mechanic on the
assembly line 1900. tool
maker 1900, an all-around
skilled machinist $500.
At the official international
rate of exchange the zloty is
worth four for a dollar. How
ever. in recent months the
tourist" rate for purely private
transactions is "a zlotys for a
dollar.
Months Pay for a Suit
To give an idea of the value
of these wages, a decent pair
Of mems shoes costs 200 to 500
zlotys at a cheap state store.
A poor suit costs $500, a mini
mum decent one 1900. A
womans wool overcoat costs
1900.
An average Detroit factory
worker can earn a good suit in
a week. His Polish opposite
number must work a month for
poor one.
Almost all Ursus workers are
paid on a piece-rate basis. Mr..
Pawlak boosts his pay by work.
ing overtime and by working
faster, but few follow his
example. A normal working day
is eight hours with a six-day
week.. But one worker at
Ursus said the average person
spends only 6 hours a day actu-
ally working. A rough count
while going through the plant
showed that about half the men
were working, the others just
standing or sitting idly.
Many Are Peasants
Why don't the men work
harder? Mr.. Pawlak believes it
is because most Of the Ursus
workers are peasants who
haven't really taken to the life
of a factory worker. They
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-23
QUEST FOR FREEDOM
Scarcity Of High SkiIIs
Is Problem in Poland
By RICHARD FRYKLUND
European Correspondent of The stat

URSUS Poand-An efficiency expert studying the prob
lens Of the Ursus factory would Ryszard
Pawlak is a serious bottleneck.
This is not to anything against Mr. Pawak who
highly skilled machnisr and who works like 10 IL
hours day On the contrary Mr. Pawak undoubtedly
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-23

gIaIII dIIlUIlg Mth mere at
Ursus. He is popular with his
fellow workers; he is a respec-
ted member Of the Workers
Council; he earns more money
than almost any other worker,
and he spends it prudently
on his family. his tropical fish
and his library.
Still, one must face it: Mr..
Pawlak is a bottleneck. For
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-23

economic policy that binds US
to RuSSia?"
Mr.. Gomulka's answers were
blunt: Workers can only get
a better life if they work hard
er. Ties with Russia are nee
eSSary.
No doubt he speaks the truth,
but how many Poles are willing
to work like MI PaWlsk, unless
the gain is immediate and tan
gible? In the nine months
since the October revolution.
not many workers have done so.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-23

Tom orrow: A manager S
headaches.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-23

THE EVENING STAR, Washington, D. C. 80 40
TUESDAY
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-23

Fifth Of o Series
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1957-04-04

show sponsored on Saturday by
the Women's Democratic Club of
Montgomery County. The show
was staged in the auditorium of
the Hecht Company.
Miss Susie Bell CrOnise, a for
mer resident of Gaithersburg, was
married on Saturday afternoon to
Allen Taylor of Arlington, Va.
The ceremony took place in the
Church in the Wildwood, Bethes-
da, with the Rev. Claude Bruba.
ker officiating.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Alger are
the proud parents of a baby
daughter born on Friday, March
20, at the Montgomery County
General Hospital. Mrs. Alger is
the former Miss Lynn Harding.
Capt. Robert Walker has just
completed an advanced course at
Edwards Air Force Base in Cali,
fornia, where he is a senior OBJ.
server, and is now wearing a new
star on his wings.
Miss DOttie Perry, Honored
Queen Of Bethel No. u, Interna
tional Order of Jobs Daughters
will preside as hostess on Mon
day evening when the state Off
GERS make their official grand Wis
itation to the local Bethel.
Miss Ina Ziemelis, a recent grad
uate of the Gaithersburg High
School, received her nurses CAP
at the annual Gaping ceremony
of the Alexandria Hospital School
of Nursing held on Sunday after
noon.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1957-04-04
By Mrs. Lucille Priest

Mrs. Herbert Anders and Mrs
Charles Carter spent Wednesday
with Mr.. and Mrs. Floyd Suthard
Mr.. Suthard is home again from
the hospital.
Mrs. Samuel Stackhouse, Mrs
Granville Thompson and Mrs. Lot
tie Wright attended the Women's
Christian Temperance Union al
The Asbury Home, Gaithersburg
on Wednesday. While there they
visited Mrs. Charles Leadingham
and Mrs. Reno, the wife of for
mer pastor of the Burtonsville,
Ashton charge.
At the March ColesviIle Home
makers meeting at the home OF
Mrs. Eugene Kingla, Mrs. Whar
ton Nichols gave a demonstration
on Breakfast for a good morn
ing"
The Cornerstone Club met on
Tuesday evening with a covered
dish supper followed by a bust.
ness meeting. A committee was
appointed to bring in a slate OF
new officers at the April meet.
ing. Also a committee was ap.
pointed to get a place for the
banquet. Mrs. Upp's sister of
Lancaster, Pa, gave recitations
and wore Dutch costume.
MIR. and Mrs. Mark Reid OF
Colesville Estates have as their
house guests Mr.. Reds sister and
brother-in-law, Mr.. and Mrs.
Reuel w. Elton of FIT. Lauder
dale. Fla.
Mr.. Elton before his retirement
in December was Executive Vice
President of the American So.
ciety of Association Executives
with headquarters in Washington
Mr.. and Mrs. Elton lived in
Chevy Chase before moving to
Florida.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1957-04-04

fire; Greer residence, Stumptown,
on Longdraft Rd.
2:4S p. m, Gaithersburg- Wash.
ington Grove. Standby at brush
fire, Cushman Real Estate Co.,
Frederick Ave-, Gaithersburg.
Wednesday, March %
1924 a. M, Rockville. Trans
ported woman patient from
Washington Sanitarium to Rock
vile.
1859 a. m, Rockville. Pump
water at Rockville Pike, Rollins
Ave.
11:49 a. m, Hyattstown. Man
suffering from overdose, Ri. 81
near Johnson Rd.
7 p. m, Upper Montgomery.
Ethan Poole suffered fatal heart
attack at home, Elmer School Rd.
s p. M, Rockville. Auto acct
dent, Viers Mill Rd. at Shell Sta
ton.
Thursday, March 20
9:32 a. m, Rockville. Horse
van afire, Glen Rd., west of Ira
vilah.
1890 a. m, Rockville. Investi-
gated complaint OF trash burning
close to fence line.
2:20 p. m, Gaithersburg-Was
ington Grove. Pumped out clog
ged pipe, Episcopal Church, S.
Summit Ave. and S. Frederick
Ave.
4:21 p. M, Rockville. Truck
burning, Avery Rd. and Muncas-
ter Mill Rd.
1851 p. M, Rockville. Flare pot
alarm, Falkland and Viers Mill
Rd.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1957-04-04
Caithersburg

there were Troop IT'S, supervised
by Mrs. Virginia Federline and
Mrs. Lucy Wyman, and Troop
1876, under the direction of Mrs
Eric Weren and Mrs. Edward
Thompson. From Washington
Grove, there was Troop 81, under
the supervision of Mrs. Mary
Moses and Mrs. Ann Haskell.
The j. Sterling Bowman memo
rial chimes will be dedicated or
Sunday afternoon, April z, at
pm. in the Jamestown Presby
terrain Church. The public is ex
tended a most cordial invitation
to attend the dedicatory service
and hear the beautiful chimes.
Mrs. James Dorsey entertained
last Sunday afternoon at stock
shower honoring Mrs. Wilbur
Watkins.
Despite the fact that Spring
seems to be here for sure this
time. the sick list continues un
abated. Fred Grimm is a patient
at the Montgomery County Gen.
eral Hospital, where he was taken
following a fall. His legion OF
friends will want to remember
him with cards and visits.
Elwood Marshall is also at the
Montgomery County General Hos
pital, having undergone major
surgery last Monday. We wish for
him quick return to good health
The Gaithersburg- Washington
Grove Neighborhood Association
a group of adult volunteers in the
Girl Scout program, met last Tues
day evening at the home of Mrs
Lucy Wyman.
The JOY circle Of the Grace
Methodist Church will sponsor q
casserole and bake sale at the
Safeway on Friday, April a, be
ginning at 1890 pm. The circle
will hold its regular meeting or
Monday evening, April 8, with
Mrs Kenneth Painter as the hos
tess.
A big, hearty Gaithersburg wei
come to Mr.. and Mrs. William
Morton and their little daughters
Becky and Lynn, who are nov
making their home on Maryland
Avenue. Mr.. Morton is the local
manager for the c. and P. Tele
phone Company.
The fifth grade classes of Mrs
Betty Cissell and Mrs. Gladys Best
enjoyed a trip to Washington las
Tuesday, when they enjoyed &
tour of the Smithsonian Institute
and the National Museum.
Miss Beverly Mullican spent las
weekend at Westminster College
New Wilmington, Pa, where she
was the guest of Bryan Kile, Jr.
at his fraternity's spring formal
The dance was held at the New
Castle. Country Club.
Mrs. George McBain will pre-
sent program on yeast bread il
the menu when the Homemaker.
meet at IL am. on April 9 at the
Epworth Methodist Church. Mem
bers reminder to bring their cook
lie donations for the Walter Rec