davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1957-04-26
On Banning the Tests

DR.. Albert Schweitzer, world-famous
medical missionary and philosopher, now
has added his eloquent voice to the grow
ing chorus Of appeals for an end to all
tests OF nuclear weapons. But this objec-
tive, although altogether good in princi-
pie, is not something that can be attained
through mere exhortation or simple
declaration Of intent by the atomic pow
erS. For any international banning agree
ment, If it is to be acceptable and trust
worthy, must be more than piece Of
paper; it must have certain built-in safe
guards Offering reasonably effective pro-
lection against the hazards of violations
or evaSions.
Up to now, although necessarily call
ing for test ban while busily setting
off its own ic-hydrogen detonations,
the Kremlin has persistently fought shy
of such safeguards. This speaks pretty
much for itself. In view of it, who can
blame the United States for fearing,
along with Britain, that an unpoliced
prohibitory pact-depending solely on
the good faith of the signatories-could
amount to dangerous act of unilateral
disarmament? Clearly, as Secretary
Dulles has just declared, lone Of the
great difficulties in this matter, as in
so many others, is that we are dealing
with nation, the government of which
cannot be relied upon to carry out its
undertakings, and where they could gain
a very great advantage over us If there
is no control of nuclear weapons and
II research and development can go on,
perhaps secretly, and all of a sudden be
made available for the use of weapons
under circumstances which might give
them a very considerable and sudden
advantage over ourselves"
So the problem is not quite so simple
as it may seem to some of those who have
been appealing for an immediate ban
on testing. Nevertheless, as Mr.. Dulles
has indicated, our Government has not
taken "dogmatic" position against the
idea Of working out prohibitory arrange
ments, nor is 1t "open only to theo-
retically perfect and complete solution"
On the contrary it has declared its readi-
ness, If Russia is willing to cooperate,
to commit itself to a stage-by y-stage in
ternational undertaking aimed at limit
ing, observing controlling and finally
eliminating all experimental nuclear
detonations. The Soviet leaders thus far
have spurned this proposal, but perhaps
they will lessen their opposition to it as
time goes on-especially II there is any
substance to the current hope that they
may seriously want to make progress to-
ward disarmament Meanwhile, in the
absence Of a sound agreement on the
matter, it is difficult to see how the United
Evening star., 1957-04-26
Suez Terms

Egypt has deposited with the United
Nations statement of the conditions
under which she proposes to operate the
Suez Canal, and these, we suppose, are
the conditions under which the canal will
be operated. At any rate, there now
seems to be no serious disposition to chal-
lenge the Egyptian position.
On the whole, accepting nationaliza-
ton of the canal as an accomplished
fact, Egypt's terms appear to be reason
able. Colonel NaSser insists on running
the canal and collecting the tolls. The
Egyptian statement proposes safeguards,
however, against unreasonable increases
or discriminatory application of tolls.
Egypt also proposes international arbitra-
ton of complaints concerning operation
OF the canal and any changes in canal
regulations. Apparently the Nasser gov
ernment agrees to be bound by the results
Of any such arbitration.
There is some doubt as to the effect
of the terms on the right of Israeli ship
ping to use the canal. One view is that
this question would be resolved under
proposal that differences arising from
Interpretation of the Constantinople
Convention of 1888, under which the
canal had been operated, should be left
to decision by the International Court
Of Justice. Presumably this would in
clude the question of Israeli shipping.
Washington sources, on the other hand,
are reported as being doubtful that Egypt
would submit this question to the court
or abide by an adverse ruling from the
tribunal.
This is part of the larger question of
whether the Egyptian terms, more rea-
sonable on their face than many had
expected, will be observed and lived up to
in good faith. Only experience can bring
the answer. It is clear, however, that
Egypt, with respect to its main points,
has won the battle of the Suez Canal,
and that most If not all of the user ma
tions are prepared to make the best of it.
Evening star., 1957-04-26
Critical of OAR

AS a former member OF the
OAR ] have always wondered
why the Daughters come to
Washington for their meetings
and other doings either dur
ing Holy Week or close to 1t.
When I questioned a member
who is also a very dear rela-
tive, she said it was a law that
their congress must meet be-
tween certain dates-the 10th
Of April and another date
which / do not remember. Now
why cannot this law be
changed? One would think 1t
was one Of the laws Of the
Medes and Persians.
Out Of the SO weeks in the
year why does this organiza-
tion have to select Holy Week
for their shenanigans? Now, I
read that the OAR relaxed"
at a banquet Good Friday, the
day on which Our Blessed Lord
was murdered. the most wicked
and most bloody murder in
history. Could any Of these
feasting, laughing women in
gala attire have gone to such
a social affair II one Of their
loved ones had just been laid
In his tomb? I think not. Yet,
they pay no attention to the
anniversary Of the cruel death
and burial Of the Son Of God |
To me 1t is shockinel
Louise Evans Grogsn.
Evening star., 1957-04-26
Jordan Declared Vital

Whatever their next course of action
may be, the United States and Britain
have made 1t thoroughly clear that they
wish to see the independence and integ-
rity Of crisis-racked Jordan maintained.
Whether this implies readiness to inter-
vene in military sense to support the
youthful King Hussein is not so fully
certain, but the sudden dispatch of the
American 9th Fleet to east Mediter-
ranean waters and British announce
ment Of new air strength being sent to
Cyprus makes such Intervention seem
likely-if requested.
In any case, closely parallel an
nouncementS by the Washington and
London governments could be interpreted
by Jordan'S neighborS or by any other
power having destructive designs upon
the desert kingdom as meaning that the
United States and Britain are not willing
to see the country dismembered by out
side forces-at least by forces which may
be allied with international communism.
The American announcement made in
Augusta after consultation between PreSi-
dent Eisenhower and Secretary of State
Dulles, specifically called attention to
what is now our official policy for the
Middle East-embodied in the Eisenhower
doctrine and stating that "The United
States regards as vital to the national
interest and world peace the preservation
of the independence and integrity Of the
nations Of the Middle East" In this in
stance, White House Press Secretary
Hagerty explained the policy is applicable
to Jordan.
Unless HusSein himself is able to
protect his country, the possibility of
direct military Intervention by the West
ern allies may depend entirely on whether
there is finding that the threat is Com
munist instigated In voting the Middle
East resolution, Congress specified that
there should not be Intervention in
"neighborhood" quarrels but only If the
threat to country's independence ema-
mates from international communism. It
was further specified that there should
be Intervention only at request of the
threatened government. HuSSein already
has attributed his country's troubles to
international communism and its fol-
lowers but as far as is known publicly
he has not requested American or British
military aid. He has in fact, and per-
hapS as gesture toward nationalist feel
ings in his country, said he would not
allow anybody ito interfere in our pri-
vate matters" In making the Augusta
announcement, Mr.. Hagerty declined to
say whether we yet consider the threat
to Jordan of Communist origin But with
his country under martial law and new
cabinet in office, Hussein at least has
received moral support from Washington
and London that may enable him to
weather the storm.
Evening star., 1957-04-26
The Cost of SIums

Inc United states Court OF Appeals
has brought into proper perspective far
reaching problem in the complex Mayme
Riley land case. The problem Is the
burden placed upon condemnation juries
to determine the fair cash value of slum
properties, which may have been pur-
chased at highly inflated prices involv-
ing low down payments and multiple
long-term mortgages.
The Government three years ago
took title to Mrs. Riley's home in the
Southwest redevelopment area, which
she had bought in 1851 for $9,950 She
paid $500 down and was paying off the
balance on three long-term notes. A
condemnation jury, following appraisals
submitted by the Redevelopment Land
Agency, awarded Mrs. Riley $1,000, about
$1,000 below her purchase price. Last
year, three-judge panel Of the appeals
court remanded the $1,000 award to the
lower court, and strongly questioned
that the evidence justified payment
so far below the purchase price.
The recent To decision of the full
Court of Appeals also sent the case back
to the lower court for further proceed
-
1t did so, however, mainly on grounds
that the condemnation jury had not been
adequately instructed on how they should
relate Mrs. Riley's $9.950 credit purchase"
to the actual cash value of the property.
In essence, the court said that the long
term credit notes which comprised Mrs.
Riley's purchase should be considered
in terms of their actual value If they
we're converted into cash. There is little
doubt that such consideration of all
the facts in the Riley case would indi-
cate a "fair value" substantially lower
than the original purchase price.
In dissent, Judges Burger and Bas-
tian contended that such a specific ex-
planation to the jury is unnecessary, and
against all precedent. 1t is important,
however, that distinction between "cash
value" and "credit sales" be spelled out
clearly The multiple mortgages-with
questionable value at discount-are COM
mon practice in slum areas where such
terms often are the only ones available
to low-income families. The question,
raised once already is certain to plague
future condemnation cases unless 1t Is
settled conSpsively.
Evening star., 1957-04-26

ship. will supply observers
with records of the tempera-
ture and humidity in the lay
ers Of air through which it
passes. This will make it pos
sible to calculate mathemat-
ically air pressures at various
levels. A tracking system is
included which enables the
bird" to give information on
wind direction and velocity at
succeeding levels.
AS it descends the bird"
will receive signals from ra-
dar located on the ship from
which the rocket was launched.
This signal. along with i'm
pulses from the temperature
and humidity sensors within
the apparatus, is then fed
back to the ship below. At
some later stage OF Develop
ment 1t may be possible to in
clude apparatus sensitive to
changes in the air pressure.
The signals transmitted
from the ship and relayed
back to it will be run through
an electronic computer on the
vessel so that the falling
assembly of instruments can
be tracked. From these compu-
tations the altitude at any
given moment can be deter
mined as well as horizontal
direction and speed as it falls
through moving currents Of
air.
The development still Is In
its preliminary stages. Already
produced, says Don r. Will
liams, Of the laboratory staff.
manager of the project, is a
rocket which can attain a
speed of $500 feet a second.
BY burning for 1.6 seconds it
can hurl the same sized dart
to attitudes above 10000 feet.
Heights Of more than 100000
feet maybe reached with modi-
f1cations in launching tech
niques, it is believed.
Another Test Made
While the miniature instru-
ments and other equipment
intended for packing inside
the 6.3 pound, 40-inch long
dart undergo final stages of
development several test
rounds containing "chaff" in
stead Of instruments have
been launched successfully. A
pack Of this chaff, used ex-
tensively during the war to
throw OF enemy radar, when
projected into the air expands
into a swirling. cloud of slowly
falling particles which drift
with the wind. This produces a
signal on a radar screen SINH
lar to that produced by a solid
object, and can be tracked as
to its altitude, horizontal di-
rection and velocity. All the
tests have worked out in ac-
cordance with expectations.
Evening star., 1957-04-26

emergencies and to provide
out-patient care Of the ambu-
latory not suffering from COM
municable diseases properly
the direct concern Of the public
health. Why should we build
up duplicated and competing
structure of state medicine
to meet health needs that are
the direct concern Of the COM
munity and not Of the Govern
ment? The proper concern
OF the state is to provide
custodial rather than short
term services Of the healing
arts. Traditionally this has
included the victims of mental
illness. tuberculosis, dangerous
communicable disease and the
aged INDECENT with Gripping
or terminal disabilities. But
1t has been in these very fields
Of essential public health min
istry that District General
either has failed or defaulted.
The Star has frequently
branded the psychiatric de-
partment Of District General
a disgrace. And right now
policy-makers are undecided
whether Glenn Dale T. B. Hos
pital should be closed and its
public health functions be in
corporated in the general care
provided by District General.
AS a voteless taxpayer whose
bankrupt purse pays for these
unnecessarily duplicated and
competing general hospitals
serving identical community
health needs. / ask: Why heal
our sick and senile District
General Hospital at the ruin
Gus cost Of bankrupting private
nonprofit community healing
agencies doing a Job that is
not the proper concern of the
state?
Thomas e. Mattingly, MD.
Evening star., 1957-04-26
Irish View of Mcleod

May suggest you are quite
wrong in stating Irish oppo-
sition to Mcleod exaggerated"
In Ireland we have three daily
national newspapers - Irish
Times, Irish Independent and
Irish Press. We ordinary
people regard the Independent
and Press as the organs of our
two principal political parties
in government and the Times
as being truly independent
with no ak to grind. The
Irish Times has printed two
editorials against the appoint
ment of Mr.. Mcleod. When
the Irish Independent says
Mr.. McLeod's appointment Is
all right and the Irish Press
says nothing. we the public can
only assume that the last
government found him ac-
ceptable and our present gov
ernment finds itself in an
embarrassing position. possibly
one without precedent here.
There has been plenty Of
adverse criticism in the houses
and streets Of Ireland. AS our
government is in recess We
have not had any public airing
Of views. except in newspapers.
Bigotry is the curse of Ire
land we have too much
already. Extreme nationalists
versus West Britons. Catholic
versus Protestant. and our two
main parties led by leaders Of
civil war fought "a years ago!
Please. could you not send US
charming noncontroversia
figure who will be able to
move freely and uncriticised
in the small diplomatic circles
of Dublin? He might be in-
terested in shooting or fish,
ing. education or industry but
not Communists. We have
none and. as a race, are so
perverse by nature some are
bound to act communistic Just
to annoy Mr.. Mcleod If he
comes. Do you want to be
responsible for founding a
Communist Party here? Per-
haps your State Department
thinks Mr.. Mcleod in Ireland
may take to fox hunting in
stead.
Una Olivera Gill.
Passage West
County Cork, Ireland.
Evening star., 1957-04-26
Criticizes Lawrence

How much more word mile
age will you permit the omnis-
cient David Lawrence in his
pontifications about the Nor
man suicide case?
His observation that the
Canadian statesmen apologize
to a United States Senate sub
committee, whose activities
have been justly criticized by
our own citizens, is the rank
est effrontery. G.. L.
Evening star., 1957-04-26
Report on Robot Weather Observer

A robot observer Of weather
In the ionosphere. the elec-
trified layers of the upper
atmosphere from which radio
waves are reflected back to
earth. has been developed by
physicists Of the Naval Ord
nance Laboratory here.
1t Is an adaptation Of q
super-sonic anti-aircraft mis-
sile. Eventually, the scientists
believe, it can be used routinely
to get reports Of meteorologi-
cal conditions at great alti-
tudes.
The missile is sent aloft at
5000 miles an hour by q FIVE
foot rocket fired out Of q
cannon. The tiny, needle
nosed projectile already has
penetrated to an altitude Of
20 miles and much greater
attitudes. it is predicted, may
be reached with rockets al
ready available.
The Navy. it is stressed,
long has had need of equip
rnent by which a ship at sea
can make quick meteorological
observations at attitudes above
100000 feet. At present bal
looms are used for radar
observations UP to 10000 feet.
For greater attitudes much
larger balloons are required
and the problems Of launching
and tracking them severely
limit their use. Rising from
sea level, these balloons would
require more than an hour to
reach the altitude reached by
the new device, called the
"hasp." in 80 seconds.
Dart" Continues On
The forward portion Of the
assembly. known as the
DART" automatically sepa-
rates from the rocket when
the propelling charge has
burned out. This occurs in
eight-tenths Of a second, at
which time the missile has
reached a speed of $500 feet
per second. nearly twice that
Of a rifle bullet. At the time Of
separation the rocket itself
falls to earth while the dart"
continues upward to attitudes
above 100,000 feet.
At the peak Of its upward
fight 1t splits open by means
Of a timing device and elects
instruments in an assembly
known as the bird" to detect
temperature and humidity in
the rarifled upper atmosphere.
A study just completed indi-
Gates that these instruments
can be combined with auto
matte electronic receiver
transmitter equipment. a bat
tery to power 1t. and balloons
to lower the bird" to earth
at not over 1870 feet per Sec
ond. On its way down the
bird" by means Of an elec-
tronic computer system on the
Evening star., 1957-04-26
The Meek's S Inheritonce

II we Americans are going
to denounce as wrong" the
practice OF colonialism, then
what are we going to say. or
do, about the fact that We con-
tinue to occupy the land our
forefathers took from the
Indians and. at the same time,
refuse to allow their descend
ants to follow the same free
way Of life on that land their
ancestors did?
Regardless, however, of what
we say or do in the matter, If
there is truth in the teachings
of Christ. and II the writer
has interpreted those teach
ings correctly, then it seems
certain that, in order for man.
kind to survive on earth, 1t
inevitably will have to prac-
tice a way Of life similar in
many respects to that prac-
ticed by the so-called uncivil-
lied segment Of those from
whom our forefathers took
America.
In the Sermon on the Mount,
Christ said: Blessed are the
meek: for they shall inherit
the EARTH" And surely a peo-
pie who are not possessive
minded beyond barely the
necessities Of life and are not
imbued with the idea that
they were created to mold
nature to suit their ends, as
the evidence indicates that
most Of the Indians were
when our forefathers first ar
rived here. are not too very
far from being meek"
While there Is no way at
present, Of course, to determine
the outcome Of Christ's pre-
diction, 1t appears. however,
that. II mankind continues to
extirpate other forms OF life,
contaminate the air. poison
the waters. make barren the
land and otherwise damage
nature. thereby interfering
with her functioning, all a
result OF the subdue-nature
idea, mankind at sometime in
the future will have to be
meek" long enough to allow
nature to repair the damage
or else meet a fate comparable
to that OF Noah's time.
J. J. Sperry.
Evening star., 1957-04-26
Miss Thompson's Views

One would think that Doro-
thy Thompson. after her trip,
would have seen and reported
the events and situation in the
Middle East in their true per-
spective, and at least made an
impartial and unbiased ap-
praisal Of the true facts.
But maybe this is more than
we should expect from her.
In her column Of April 20 she
again makes little Israel the
whipping boy Of the Middle
East. She states that in the
l940s the Jews in then Pales-
tine undertook to destroy" the
British in the Middle East.
Anyone conversant with the
actual events which took place,
and Miss Thompson certainly
is one Of those who should
know. will remember that the
reverse is true. In 1899, the
British government issued the
infamous White Paper which
closed Palestine to immigra-
ton Of the prosecuted and
homeless Jews, in keeping with
its policy of appeasing the
Arabs. As a result of the ap-
peasing ways of Britain, the
leader Of the Palestine Arabs,
the Grand Mufti Of Jerusa-
lem, turned against the British
and became an ally Of Hitler,
and thereby contributed to the
death Of many Of the finest
youth of the British Empire.
II anything at all. the British
by their short-Sighted policy
made it impossible for the VIC
Tins of the Hitlerian sadism
and policy of genocide to find
a place Of refuge; and may
it be said that many of the six
million Jews who were exter-
minated by Hitler could have
been saved but for the White
Paper. Britain contributed to
the destruction" Of God
knows how many innocent
lives.
Miss Thompson blames the
plight Of the Arabian refugees
on Israel. 1t is q matter of
common knowledge that upon
the establishment Of the state
Of Israel in l948, the members
Of the Arab League told thou
sands Of Arabs living in Israel
to leave for a short time. prom
ising them that in two weeks
the Arab Legions would drive
the Israelis into the sea. To
save face. these same people
are holding Israel for the
plight Of their brethyen. Those
Of the Arabs who remained in
Israel are being treated as
equals and have become citi-
zens with representation in the
Knesset. Israel has returned
all Of the monies to their
proper owners and has offered
many times to sit down at a
table to negotiate for the solu-
tion. with the Arabs, offering
to allocate certain funds 10
help the refugees to rehabili-
tate themselves.
Abe Sheiferman.