davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16

Smail wonder many people
said they were puzzled" by
the statements issued by the
President and the Governor
of Arkansas after their his
toric conference. Millions Of
persons were misled in the
flrst place. They are still
being misled by those who
insist that the only issue In
Arkansas concerns an alleged
refusal by the Governor to
obey q court order when 1t
really concerns just as funda-
mentally the right Of q Gov
ernor to preserve order In his
State without interference by
a Federal court.
The conference ct Newport
was constructive" for many
reasons. At least President
Eisenhower was able to clar-
ify the situation as he wisely
sought TO remove the impress
sion that the Federal Gov
eminent was just trying to
strong-arm q Governor and
interfere with his constitu-
tional right to call out the
militia to preserve order and
prevent bloodshed.
The Presidents statement.
moreover. told millions of
people In America for the
sfirst time what many Of them
had not previously accepted
as an official fact-namely.
that the Governor Of Arkan-
sas had q right to call out
his State troops to preserve
order and that there is no
constitutional power author
king the Federal Government
to interfs~e with the action
Of q sovereign State in that
respect. The crucial words in
the Presidents statement,
issued after the week end
conference. are these:
THE Governor stated his
intention to respect the de-
cisions Of the United States
District Court and to give his
full cooperation in carry
ing out his responsibilities in
respect TO those decisions.
In doing so, I recognize
the unacceptable responsibility
resting upon the Governor to
preserve law and order In his
State. I am gratified by his
constructive and co-opera-
tive attitude ct our meeting.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16

also develop new research prof.
|ects in economies.
DR.. Robert D. Calkins. presi-
dent Of Brookings. has been
acting director Of economic
studies since 1852. DR.. Edwin
@. Nourse. q previous director.
left Brookings to become the
first chairman Of the Presi-
dents Council Of Economic Ad-
visers.
A native Of San Marcos.
Texas, where he was born De-
cember 81, 1896, DR.. Watkins
has had extensive experience
in academic and governmental
affairs. He was assistant direc-
tor Of the National Resources
Planning Board from 1910 to
1943 and later was with the
|Lend-Lease Administration mis-
sion to French North Africa.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
Southern Republics Hopes Fading Away;
Red St0lem0te in North May Never End

tional Assembly in the cleo
ton coming up in May.
The American taxpayers
have contributed economic
aid for the reconstruction of
the country which was deva-
stated in the early stages of
the Communist aggression.
The reconstruction work
has made progress in the
shelled and bombed towns.
But South Korea is unable to
get back on its feet unless it
is reunited with the northern
portion Of the country.
Before the end Of the last
World War, this country's
economy was so prosperous
that some Japanese are still
looking longingIy at Korea.
The northern portion was
industrial. The south pro-
vided food.
Now that it has been d.
vided by the Yalta agree
ment, where we agreed to
allow the Russians to accept
the Japanese surrender north
Of the 36th Parallel and they
then remained with q pup
pet government, the south
has no means Of creating an
adequate industry for its %
million persons.
Making the situation even
more dif1cult is the fact that
the South Korean Republic
must maintain a military
force which costs more than
so per cent Of its budget in
anticipation of the day when
the Communists may try to
invade again.
Responsible Americans and
Koreans say that unless the
U. N. compels the Reds to
permit free elections and
unity the country, the
chances of the republic sur
wing may be very dim in
deed. And there is no hope
that the men in Moscow and
Peiping will ever agree to
such a solution.
Hence, President Syngman
Rhee's repeated appeals to
Washington to let him send
his forces across the line.
The answers have been that
the world cannot afford such
action which might lead to
Q third world war.
To make sure that Presi-
dent Rhee's impotence is not
translated into action, the
Korean army is allowed to
have only q two-day supply
Of essential military supplies
such as ammunition and gas
oline for its Anticipated tanks.
And even these could be i'm
pounded on a moments no.
tice by the U. N. Supreme
Commander who now has his
headquarters in Seoul.
We are on the defensive all
over the world and Korea Is
no exception. The Korean
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16

SEOUL, Korea (By Air.
maiD There is q less opti-
mistic and heavier atmos-
phere in Korea today than
this reporter found q year
ago. It is due to the grow
ing belief Of the government
and the people that the unity
Of Korea is farther away
than ever.
The United Nations de-
creed in 1913 that unity
should be achieved by free
elections north and south of
the 38th Parallel. Then the
North Korean Communists,
under orders from Moscow,
tried their own brand of
unity by invading South Ko-
rea In 1850.
The Communist detectives
were frustrated by the quick
decision Of the United States
to rush to the Republic Of
Korea's defense. But when
the free world had a chance
to liberate the whole of Ko-
rea from the Red yoke after
Gen. Douglas Macarthur
pushed the enemy back to
the Yalu River, mysterious
influences caused his sum-
mary dismissal.
The cease-fire which has
now lasted for more than
four years is the longest
armistice known In history.
The Reds in the North
(Chinese and Koreans) have
an imposing and modern
force of about $4,000 men
with the latest equipment.
The ROK forces in the
south have some 200, 900
fewer men. And they are still
armed with what must be de-
scribed in this day and age as
Anticipated" weapons, the
kind which were used between
1850 and 1853.
The stalemate does not af-
feet North Korea much be-
cause the needs Of the civil
ian population-except for a
little food and primitive shell
ter-are unimportant to their
rulers.
Things are different in the
South Korean Republic,
where the governments re-
Sponsibilities are in keeping
with the democratic regimes
in other free countries.
This government was or
ganized nine years ago, full
filling all the requirements Of
the United Nations. The first
elections took place under. the
supervision Of U. N. repre-
sentatives. who were at the
same time forbidden to cross
the line and watch those
across the 3Sth Parallel.
There is at present a two
party system in South Korea.
A third party, the Progress
sive Party. is making q bid
for some seats in the Ma
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
Rep. Hays, Ex-Gov. McMoth and Editor
Played Major Role in Alternating Situ0tion

until Governor Faubus
pulled his arms-and-t he-man
stunt. They are outstanding
representatives Of progressive
ism in the South.
Brooks Hays, recently hon.
ored by election as president
Of the Southern Baptist Con-
vention. introduced in the
House in l949 q compromise
civil rights program which
for some time was considered
by national Democratic Party
leaders as q possible bridge
between Southern and North
ern wings Of the party, This
Arkansas Plan" as 1t was
called, exemplified his search
for some solution Of vexing
racial problems.
IL contemplated q Fair
Employment Practices Com
mission in the Labor Depart
ment here. advisory in nature
with no compulsory or punt
tive authority; a constitu-
tional amendment abolishinR
the poll tax as q requirement
FOR voting. and q Federal
anti-lynching law to become
applicable when States were
unable to cope with such out
RACES.
Sidney McMath, when he
became Governor in l949.
gathered about him in his
administration a group of
young war veterans like him
self, including Orval Faubus.
Soon after. his election he
and his young administrators
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
Impression That U. S. Had Intended
To 'Stronq Arm Governor Cleared

/ have assured the Governor
Of the cooperation Of Fed
eral ofiicials."
This is exactly the way a
delicate conflict between State
and Federal authority should
be handled. Logically it
means that the Governor Of
Arkansas can no longer be re-
garded as q defendant" re-
quired to show cause at the
September 20 hearing in Fed
eral court as to why he is
allegedly blocking integra-
ton"
Presumably now the De-
partment Of Justice will petit
ton the court to drop the
proceedings against the Gov
ernor Of Arkansas and the
officers In command Of the
National Guard there. Pre-
sumably also the Governor.
If he feels that he can risk
taking action without seeing
violence break out, may de-
eide that the National Guard
can be withdrawn from the
vicinity of the high school.
The time for admitting new
pupils In the school has prob
ably passed now anyway and
a whole year can contribute
to better understanding, Just
as in other parts Of Arkansas
indignation" has been put
into effect gradually. 1t is
significant that the President
referred in his statement to
an important fact omitted or
CLOSED over by many who
have been vocal In the pres
ent controversy when he
said:
II was pleased to hear from
the Governor Of the progress
already made in the elimina-
ton Of segregation in other
activities in the State Of
Arkansas"
Undoubtedly it was this
"gradualism" which Gov.
Faubus had in mind when
he said this in his statement
at Newport:
When / assure the Presi-
dent, as ! already have done.
that I expect to accept the
decisions Of the court. / en-
terrain the hope that the
Department Of Justice and
the Federal judiciary will
act with understanding and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
Watkins Gets
Economic Post

The Brookings Institution.
722 Jackson place NV, today
announced the appointment of
DR.. Ralph J. Watkins Of New
York. former director Of re-
search for Dun and Bradstreet.
Inc. as its director Of economic
studies.
He win take over his new
duties October /.
Now in progress are II studies
in economies and business
problems and DR.. Watkins will
guide these to completion, the
announcement said. He vii
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16

AssounsT luvisod-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
lONSI ANTINE BROWN
Will Korea Ever Be United?

man in the street knows this.
He may understand that the
prosperous American people
and their leaders want peace
at any price and win not
think in terms of fighting UNI
less we ourselves are physi-
cally attacked.
But there is no peace in
this area of the world, which
remains under the Commu-
mist guns across a narrow
strip of land called the de-
militarized zone. Under these
conditions. private investors
are unwilling to take Q
chance and develop whatever
minerals and other nonagri.
cultural wealth may exist in
this country.
The taxation burden on
South Koreans may soon be.
come close to unbearable.
Salaries and wages are prob.
ably the lowest In the world.
The cost Of q Korean soldier,
including maintenance Of his
weapons, is only $751; q year
against $500 for an Ameri.
can soldier. The highest ON.
cial-outside Of the president
OF the republic himseIf-re.
ceives only $50 q month.
The people are willing to
stand the present hardship
and keep themselves alive on
a handful Of rice, some fish
and sometimes a little meat
so long as they have the hope
that some time in the near
future the north will be
united with the south.
But this hope begins to
fade away when they see that
all the powerful free nations
OF the west are SO assiduously
counting the Communists.
This question is in every.
body's mind: What will hap
pen when Syngman Rhee IN
no longer with us?" For the
S3-year-old statesman per.
sonif1es all the hopes and,
aspirations Of these people
who want nothing more than
the unity Of their country
and a chance to live free.
Hence the atmosphere Is
heavier here than it was q
year ago.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
THOMAS L. STOKES
Behind the Scenes at Little Rock.

came to Washington and
spent several days talking to
various departments and
agencies about Arkansas
problems and needs. He APP
pointed several Negroes to
important State posts. Dur
ing his administration, Ne
groes were admitted to the
State University.
In his fight for progressive
measures, including fair cleo
trio rates, he incurred the
enmity Of . powerful politi-
cal influence In Arkansas
Arkansas Power and Light
Company. which constantly
battled him. How strong its
hold was on the State came
to light in o Senate investiga-
ton here In which Senator
Estes Kefauver of Tennessee
took q prominent part.
When the Southern Gov
errors Conference was held
in Little Rock in 1851, Gov
ernor McMath organized
other Southern Governors Of
progressive bent to head of
an attempt by the Dixiecrat
element, led by then Cover
nors James F. Byrnes Of
South Carolina and Fielding
Wright Of Mississippi, to put
the conference on record with
an attack on President Tru-
mans civil rights program.
It was at that same con-
ference that Harry Ashmore
boldly criticized Southern
leaders who exploited racial
issues. This took place at a
luncheon at which Governors
Byrnes and Wright were
present.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16

In the act Of the tragic Ar
kansas drama in which Gov
ernor Orval Faubus went to
visit President Eisenhower
there was, In miniature, q
part Of the overall Southern
drama Of today which Is lost
sight Of in the mob scenes
that recently have obscured
everything else.
: This is the quiet, behind
she-scenes efforts BY men
and women Of good viii such
as those headed by Repre-
sentative Brooks Hays Of Lit
lie Rock, who arranged for
The rebelhous Governors pill
vrimage to Newport. They
nave their counterparts else
where who should not be for
gotten. lesser figures than
Some Of the more prominent
Southern leaders who have
been so strangely silent.
In none Of what has hap
pened, you viii notice, have
we heard from q nationally
and internationally known
figure Of Arkansas, Senator
J. william Fulbright. Rhodes
scholar. former president Of
the University Of Arkansas,
whose name is recognized all
over the world not only for
his leading role in our for
eign policy but for the ex-
change scholarships for stu
dents which bear his name.
Another almost equally
prominent Arkansas citizen,
and perhaps better known In
the United States. has an
excuse in his absence in
London for the InterparIia-
mentary Union - Senator
John Mcclellan, who recent
ly has been 80 vocal IN casti-
eating faithIeSs labor leaders
In the Senate investigation
he is conducting.
It was lesser known figures
who took the initiative in
arranging the Faubus trip to
see the President, and got 1t
done.
There was the unassuming
Brooks Hays, previously mem
toned. who represents Little
Rock in the House Of Repre-
sentatives here and has done
30 since 1912. He long has
been q moderating influence
in racial relations. In this
instance he went TO see the
Governor, and then con-
tacted his friend and former
House colleague now at
the White House. Sherman
Adams. Assistant to the
President.
Another active figure in the
Arkansas-to-Newport venture
behind the scenes was former
Governor Sidney McMath in
whose administration Orval
Faubus served as director Of
the state highway depart
ment.
A third was Harry Ash
more. executive editor Of the
Arkansas Gazette at Little
Rock who served In the pub
lie relations group for the
1866 Adlai Stevenson cam
paign for the Presidency
while on leave from his
newspaper.
Interesting about these
three men Is that all Of them
have been active for many
years in promoting civil
rights for Negroes, working
under considerable handi-
caps. and. at the same time,
in promoting social and eco
nomlc welfare measures. both
IN the State and nationally,
in the Roosevelt and Tru-
man tradition.
They have had much 10 do
with the more moderate spirit
manifest IN Arkansas than In
come other Southern States
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
100 District Students
Enter Virginia COLLEGE,

FREDERICKSBURG, Va,
Sept. Is (SpeciaD A total Of
1887 students. including 1870
from the Washington Cd. Co
area. is scheduled to register
Tuesday and Wednesday at
Mary Washington College for
the 18th academic session which
begins Thursday.
New students were welcomed
in George Washington audi.
forum this morning by Chan
cellor Grellet c. Simpson and
Dean Edward Alvey, jr. They
win be greeted tomorrow night
by DR.. Margaret Hargrove,
dean Of students.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-16
STROMBERC- CARLSON

A photograph to give you superb performance
from your favorite records, cabinet that adds
to any room. No unfinished side to hide against
a wall -. this stunning, compact stromberg-
Carlson has tweed grilles facing two ways so
you can place It as you please. 4-speed changer
plays r., To-, IL" records intermixed; automatic
shut-off; separate bass and treble controls;
compensated volume control; TWO 8" high
fidelity speakers All for l5o95l Q4eo5 in
mahogany. See it and hear it at Campbell's
and you'll agree that there is nothing finer
than StrombeTg- Carlson"
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-12-21
Disabled Workers
Should Apply
For s. s.

Disabled workers who were
eligible In July, 1857 for social
security disability insurance BEN
efits and who fail to apply be-
fore the end Of December may
lose some benefits, Edward p.
Blonston, manager Of the Miami
(North) Social Security District
Office at 234 NE 18th St., said to-
day.
Mr.. Blonston pointed out that
under the law eligible persons
who make application for dis
ability insurance benefits before
the end of December can be paid
benefits back as far as July,
when such benefits first became
available.
For those who file after De-
cember, no back benefits can be
paid. The law provides that In
such cases payments can begin
no earlier than the month In
which the application Is filed.
Disability payments range from
$50 to $l08y50 a month, depend
ing on the workers average
monthly earnings under social
security.
Social security disability in
surance benefits are payable to
persons between so and IS years
of age who have worked under
social security in the past but are
now so severely disabled that
they cannot do any substantial
gainful work.
TO qualify for these benefits, q
disabled worker must have So
cial security credit for five
the 10 years before he became
disabled, including at least a year
and half out Of the 8 years just
before his disability began.
Application for the benefits can
be made at any social security
Office. If a disabled person is UNI
able to 60 to the Office he may
write or telephone for informa-
ton or someone else may call for
him.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-12-21

for the award next year.
We missed the parade this year
but from reliable sources we un-
derstand this parade was the
greatest. They tell me my "home
boys and girls" from over Mas
sau way almost stole the whole
parade. Their cha-cha and calyp-
SO had the viewers screaming fol
more. Yeah Man!
This little item has taught me
something. Maybe I'm lucky:
Monday of this week two LITTLE
girls came to the plant cages
about S and 81 to purchase a MI
ami Times. The little tykes look
ed familiar as the daughters of 9
friend boy of mine. To satisfy my
curiosity / put my hand on the
elder girls shoulder and inquired
Whats your daddy's manner"
She very politely told me and
then Indignantly said, " My dad
dy told me never to let any boay
put their hands on mel"
didn't know had such good
reflexes. My hand went to my side
like a pistol shot. In an embarras-
sed and non-plussed manner
blubbered something like, eyes
honey, he told you right, never
let anyone put their hands on
YOU"
After getting over the initial
shock we sold her the paper, Their
asked why did your daddy say
that?"
She very pertly replied, BE-
cause, he said that somebody
might put me in a car and ride
me off and kill me-" got my
time card and checked out fol
lunch!
I am thinking what would have
been my fate if the little girl
would have gone home and tolc
daddy that man at the Miami
Times put his hand on her. Grea,
God Jehovah!
But seriously, with so much
child molestation going, more
parents should teach their child
rem what this father has taught
his daughters.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-12-21

The companies that win be un-
der the direct supervision Of Mr..
Martin are:
Afro-American. Jacksonville;
Atlanta Life. Atlanta, Ca: Book
er r. Washington Life, Birming-
ham, Gradford's Ind. Insurance,
Birmingham; Central Life, Tam
pa; Guaranty Life, Savannah;
Lincoln Industrial, Birmingham;
Peoples Insurance, Mobile; Pil-
grim Health and Life, Augusta;
Protective Industrial, Birming-
ham, and Unity Burial and Life,
M-hne.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-12-21
Central Life Prexy
Receives Significant
Amendment

The affable president Of the
Central Life Insurance Co., N. H
(Nicl) Martin, was recently APP
pointed regional director Of re-
gion 4 by ]. w. Goodloe, presi-
dent Of the National Insurance
Association. In q letter to Mr..
Martin, President Goodloe made
the following statement: II
know that your prestige and In
fluence mean much to the as
ISOLATION and Its member COM
panies, therefore ! am asking II
you will accept the appointment
Of regional director of region 4,
which comprises the states Geor-
gia, Alabama and Florida.