davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-16

diAkely agrees 10 make thu
moon .claimable.
conceivanly this could be 50
hut It, should be remembered
that earth's era Of discovery.
and -rlairn ended for all prac.
teal purposes several hundred
years ago. Il Is likely that ma
tions today win not consider
International law as 1t applied
then to apply now or In the
future.
AS Oscar Schachter. chief o.
The q. Ms Legal Division. hai
pointed out. the effect OF old.
fashioned "claim" procedures
tas evidenced by the mutuA'
1on-recognition Of claims b,
q dozen different countries II
the Antarcticl appears mark.
edly on the wane.
Minimum Requirement
The international Court 81
Justice. In . dispute between
Norway and Denmark In rela.
tion to Greenland. has laid
down q minimum requirement
for effective claim Is follows
'The Intention and win Il
act as q sovereign. and actual
exercise and display Of sucE
authority. This implies q iol
more than hitting the moor
with . rocket. or even landing
On II.
At the same time, Mr.. Haley
has probably done more long.
range serious thinking about
the pclitlco-legal problems oi
spnce than any other American
lawyer. Almost two years age
NeWsweek tagged him as the
'Hammurahi Of space travel
Ne has. In fact. managed tc
puhli1h much Of his thinking
n specialized journals devoted
both 70 rocketfy and law--not
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-16

G. Brewster Bouck. rs. and Mrs.
Matte Wormers rs. al o.
Afid6lebure.
With one exception. they re-
side within q radius Of 10 miles.
They are children Of the Iate
Mr.. and Mrs. James A. B0nck.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-16

/ agency IN the Federal Govern
linent through which techni'
cal and scientific data 4 evaI
nnted. correlated and dissent.
nated.s
He said no means have beer
provided for the trnnsmisstor
of material released BY foreign
scientists Or BY government
agencies Of other countries ~
that II would be readily avail.
able to our governmental agen.
cies. "
In contrast. the Senator said
| Russia Is far advanced In co.
ordinating it, scientific data
| through the Academy Of Sci
ence Of the ueeR.
Urges Special Funds
Mr.. Brooks. second-rankihh
Democrat on the House Armed
Services Committee, in calling
for Z missile and satellite
Aczar." also urged that Con.
eress provide separate appro-
priations for those programs 80
that full consideration can BIZ
given 70 this work without III
being confused with other de-
Tense expenditures"
Taking issue with President
Eisenhower's news conference
comment that the recently
launched Russian satellite
should cause no apprehension.
Mr.. Brooks complained that
some high Government officials
in the past assured the Ameri-
can public that this country
was, far ahead Of Russia In the
missiles race.
Hits Bickering and Waste
much Of our difiiculty has
arisen from service pickering,
waste. overlapping Of authority
and inefiicient management. |"
he charged. we have had the
Army, Navy and Air Force
CONDUCTING their separate mis-
sile programs with too little
coordination with each other
and with too much jealousy Tor
their own particular project.
The time has come for the
President TO appoint q single
head Of the missile and satel-
lite program. responsible only
to him and 10 Congress. Call
him q car. q secretary or what
you will. but give him authority
and responsibility for CONSOLE
dating our missile programs
and putting an end to inter-
service pickering and jealous
les"
The Brooks proposal would
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-16
Law IN THE NEWS
Ownership Of Moon
Raises Legal Issue
~ PINE YEACER ana JOHN STARK

n theeEovets really hit the FIRST with some missile
manned spacecra does that put the moon under the Ha'
ner and Sickle according 10 international law?
q Andrew O. Haley the rrepressihle Washington lawyer.
recently elected president Of the international Aronautc
F11ration IN narcelonlA thinks Il doe-ness the U ime-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-16

c. Dismesd csss, IN
yellow gold with yell
low gold chain; SIS
Volue. now only
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-03-21
Career Day

One of the most helpful projects and
no doubt one with the most far reaching
effects ever undertaken by the Caldwell
B.P.W. club is the Career Advancement day
for students of all the schools in Caldwell
and Noble county on Thursday, April 4.
All Junior and Senior boys and girls
in the school system will attend and the
careers or suggestions that are mapped out
for them that afternoon could possibly
influence the course of their entire adult
life
Under the very capable Craftsmanship
of Mrs. Adaline Jordan, the program has
assumed unusual proportions and every
single career represented that day by an
authority in this particular chosen field is
an important one to some boy or girl in
Noble county.
1t is any Americans privilege to change
his or her mind about the choice of a life
work in accordance with changing circum-
stances and opportunities. But learning
about various fields of work. discovering
personal aptitudes and interests and then
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-03-21

call while the patient lies in
agony. Both factions seized upon
the opportunity to withhold a
vote on the question until this
week so that all factions might
cool off. A compromise is now
in the offing which may succeed
in bringing about acceptable
legislation. We can hope that it
will not be many weeks before
the atmosphere clears enough
for the farmer to see what is in
store for him.
Communism
Twenty years ago a General
in the Spanish Civil War ex-
planned he had four columns Of
troops outside an enemy city
and a fifth column" inside it..
Thus a new term was created to
describe an act of disloyalty
which became a classic when the
Trojan horse accomplished what
an enemy army could not do.
The United States has its Tro-
jan horse today in the Com
munist apparatus working within
our nation a hard core, sworn
to serve Russia's aims. A serious
warning was published recently
by the House Un-American Acti-
vities Committee, the Congress
sional watchdog whose business
it is to keep the nation informed
of the dangers it faces.
The number of American Com
has declined. When Rus
sian tanks blasted Hungarian
workers, many stalwarts con-
cluded that Communism is no
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-03-21
EDITORIAL PAGE
-co1eZ N2s1 E2gXzy Lne z4s Syyzz5zEz-
Phone BIackOut

Phone service is one of those public
services that every resident in Caldwell has
taken for granted until they no longer have
it.
This was quite evident last Wednesday
evening and Thursday when fire at the
Worl w. Thompson garage melted the main
phone cable and cut off service to approxi-
mately 200 customers in this community.
The phone service was disrupted at
$3.50 p m. Wednesday and not restored until
ass p. m. Thursday.
In many business places and homes, the
familiar ring of the telephone was missing
all day Thursday and its stiffness only
emphasized what we had taken for granted
SO many times during the day over the
course of the months and years past.
1t also gave the people of Caldwell an
idea of what residents in the Portsmouth
area must have gone through for period
of months when strike violence ended their
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-03-21

making tentative selection while in school
are components of a well-rounded prepara-
ton for whatever opportunities are ahead.
The theme for the Career advancement
program here on April 4 at the Caldwell
high school auditorium will be youth
Looks To The Future. Speaking on this
theme will be caldwell's own DR.. Viola
Startzman Robertson, who should kick off
this general session with an important
message to the young student of today but
the future teachers, engineers and scientists
of tomorrow
Representatives of practically every
important occupation, Vocation or profession
of interest to any young high school student
will take part in the sessions which follow
and all should be of equal Importance.
The Career Advancement day program
here on April 4 should prove beneficial to
these young people and to their communities
if from this experience they derive new
incentives for making full use of present
opportunities in preparation for what can
be promising future.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-03-21

service, to say nothing of the good will of
the community.
We didn't hear of any serious complica-
tions that ensued because of the lack of
phone service, other than the inconvenience
in every business place and home.
But it does take just some little thing
like this for people to realize the Importance
of public service which they have long
taken for granted
At it's best, the lot of "hello" girl on
any switch board is tough one for the
public can be SO demanding and not the
least bit appreciative.
Perhaps the 24-hour long holiday which
the residents endured without their phones
will at least serve to make them appreciate
a little more the efforts of those as they
labor at the switchboard to take your calls
At least we know that business, in
general, would pretty much remain at a
standstill, if it wasn't for the telephones
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-03-21
INCOME TAX FACTS
FOR NOBLE COUNTIANS

The Columbus Internal Rev
enue District office is gearing
itself for a major effort in the
processing of tax refund checks,
Director Nathaniel LOCKER said
today. "We expect to receive and
process approximately $4,000 of
them by May 3lst. This means
we must average over 10000 a
week in order to meet that dead
line.
Director LOCKER urged that
taxpayers refrain from writing
letters or making telephone calls
at this time, in an effort to det-
ermine the status of their re-
funds. "All available regular and
limited number of temporary
employees are being used in this
project. The goal we have set
is difficult of accomplishment
it will be doubly SO if folks bur
den us with extra letters or calls.
Because of the volume and
the several operations involved,
it is virtually impossible to
locate a particular return at a
given time, if it is in process. An
arithmetic verification and in
spection for completeness must
be made. An audit of certain re-
turns is required. Card Forms
1O40-A must be verified and the
tax computed. Estimated tax
credits must be matched with the
returns. All these steps plus
many others have to be taken be-
Enro q ,.nE,u,aa ,,anr Ia -nhnA,1lnG
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-03-21

industrial management more
than held up their ends.
Now, we are engaged in a
Gold War" against a nation
and its group of satellites
which threatens to become hot
and plunge the world into a
third world war that will des-
troy civilization. Most certainly
we must keep our powder
dry against an emergency
which we hope and pray will
not come to pass. Most Ger
tainly we must keep American
industry strong, according the
maximum of freedom to man.
agement and Workers-especi-
ally to the workers.
Testimony now being given
before the Mcclellan Commit
tee of the United States Sen
ate, holding hearings on rae
keteerinP in our labor unions,
certainly indicates that many
American workers are not en-
joving the freedoms they so
richly merit. There seems to be
a crying need of an atlantic
Charter for Workers" that will
emancipate that segment of
their ranks from the dictatorial
slavery imposed upon it by
self-seeking and racketeering
leaders. The four freedoms of
such a Charter could well be:
(1) Freedom to work where
they choose.
(2) Freedom to take a job
without first having to pur-
chase a permit" sometimes
referred to as a union initia-
ton fee," and to hold a job
without paying union dues,
now forced upon them by the
Union Shop"
(3) Freedom from the tyran-
ny of labor leaders who have
wormed their way into, or
have seized control of all too
many of our labor unions.
(4) Freedom from strikes
when the workers themselves
are opposed to laying down
their tools.
We hore that never again
will American workers be re-
quired to duplicate their per-
formance in World War II and
in the Korean fiasco, but let's
surround them with every pro-
lection against tyranny, just in
case.
Give American workers the
four freedoms as outlined
above and we can face the fu-
ture with confidence. With
hold those freedoms and we
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-03-21

to the Disbursement Office in
Cleveland for payment. The
length of time taken by the lat
ter is, of necessity, unpredict-
able at the peak-load period"
LOCKER warned that telephone
calls and letters of inquiry defin-
itely slow down the refunding
program by diverting the SER
vices of personnel from the pro-
cessing of returns to answering
the calls and letters as we'll as
possible under the circumstances.
''Those answers are bound to be
unsatisfactory both to us and to
the taxpayers since it is possible
to locate only minimum of
such returns until after the bulk
Of the refunds are made" con-
tinued the Director. 1t is not
possible to handle returns in any
particular order because in some
instances, returns may be in
complete; in others, they must
be returned to the taxpayer; and
frequently, returns are unpro-
cessable for some other reason.
Thus if anything is wrong
with return, the taxpayer will
hear from u.s." Mr.. LOCKER said.
'If he doesn't hear, he'll know
we are processing the refund as
fast as we can. If folks will be
patient, their refunds will reach
them within a reasonable time
in many instances, sooner than
they expect.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-03-21
The Corn Bill

The first heated debate of this
session rose in the House last
week over the so-called "Corn
Bill", which would establish a
greater acreage allotment for
corn, thereby popularizing the
acreage reserve (soil bank pro-
gram for diverted acres. What
had originally started as emer-
gency legislation to bring corn
farmers into the soil bank pro-
gram, burst its seams and be-
came huge program of crop
subsidies after the Agriculture
Committee completed its work
on the bill.
The disagreement ragged in the
Committee for weeks. Floor
debate was characterized by
recriminatiors and accusations,
made by both sides Of the argu-
ment-both with the announced
intention of assisting farmers.
Figures for the cost of the bills
provisions ranged from $780,
100000 to Sl,000,000,000 annually
in addition to the S5,000,000,000
program is approximately one
half of the total net income Of
the American farmer.
AS the argument grew more
intense, l could not help but
agree with one colleague who
called it utter confusion"
Neither side would agree with
statistics presented by their op-
ponents as correct. Both groups
ignored the paradox of increas-
ing corn acreage allotments so
that farmers may plant less than
their allotment in order to par
ticipate in the soil bank pro-
gram. In the debate, it was rep
resented that with the present
acreage allotments farmers many
times could not afford to take
acreage out of production to re-
ceive the lower acreage reserve
payments. Last summer in many
parts of southeastern Ohio there
was a time when corn was diff
ficult to obtain.
From all Of the arguments,
several points became clear to
me. One was that meddling with
one facet of the farm program,
inevitably knocks many other
facets out of balance. Another
was that if an emergency act
ually exists, a dead-locked Con-
gress may argue SO much time
away that Spring planting will
render legislation meaningless.
1t is reminiscent of a family
Wrangling over which doctor to
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-03-21
ATLANTIC CHARTER
FOR WORKERS
BY George Peck

Early in the year 1912, short
ly after the Japs catapulted
this nation into World War II,
Winston Churchill, Prime Min
ister of Great Britain and
Franklin Roosevelt, President
of the U.S.A., met and drew
up the "Atlantic Charter"
which set forth four freedoms
to which England and Amer
lea pledged themselves to
fight to the death to achieve.
William P. Witherow, at
that time President of the Ma
tional Association of Manufac-
turers, countered with what he
termed an "Atlantic Charter
for Business" outlining four
freedoms which he believed
were a must if the Axis
Powers were to be defeated
in the shortest possible time.
These were:
Cd Freedom from initiation
that would saddle America
with bloWn-uo war debt and
keep our grandchildren paying
and paying while damning our
stupidity.
(2) Freedom from unwise
taxes that would deplete the
essential resources of industry,
inviting postwar economic
chaos.
(3) Freedom from strikes for
the duration of the war.
"a Freedom for industrial
management to run its own
affairs, as far as would be COM
patible with wartime restric-
tions, SO that it could devote
its energy to winning the war
of production.
While Business was not ac-
corded a full measure of these
four freedoms, enough was
granted and American indus
try performed miracles of
production that were the great
est factor in achieving victory
over Germany and Japan. The
American working man, the
most important partner Of in
dustry, did his part toward the
accomplishment of this re-
markable feat.
1t is now twelve years since
the end Of World War II. In
the interim this nation be-
came involved in a police
Action" in Korea a United
Nations project, but one in
which America bore the brunt.
Again American workers and
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-03-21
Uncle Sam Stille

friend of the worker. Lest we
take too much heart from this,
we should know that though the
number of American Reds is
smaller, they still are estimated
as the equivalent of 20 combat
divisions of enemy troops. This
army in our midst engages in
propaganda, espionage and sub
version, loyal only to the Soviet
Union. This is a SOLDERING re-
minder that we must remain
alert to danger in our midst as
though these traitors were oper-
ating in the uniform of the
Soviet Army.
Cherry Blossom Festival
Spring is few weeks away in
Washington. 1t is a sure sign
when the city bestirs itself in
preparation for the annual
Cherry Blossom Festival. This
year, the mammoth celebration
will be held from April 2 Z.
AS in the past, considerable
number Of Southeastern Ohioans
will be present in the thousands
of visitors who will make the
journey to their Nations Capital.
This is a civic celebration spon-
sored by the city of Washington.
The Government does not par
ticipate except to the extent that
special hospitality is shown to
visitors sightseeing in their cap
ial city.
The blossoming cherry trees
were a gift from Japan in 1912.
The Festival was inaugurated as
an annual event in 1927.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-03-21

Gregory Lee, at the Memorial
hospital, Marietta, on Sunday,
March Is
Mr.. and Mrs. Victor Smith are
announcing the birth of a 7M
cound son born at the Thompson
hospital.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harold King, of
Summerfield route, are announc-
ing the birth of a daughter on
Monday, March IT,
The 15-month old daughter of
Mr.. and Mrs. EWell Smith, of
Caldwell, was removed to the
Good Samaritan hospital, Mon
day. She was suffering from
double pneumonia.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-03-21
News Of 10
Years Ago

Dean A. Reed announced today
that final plans have been COM
piled for the opening of his fill
ing station and service center
for Gulf oil and gasoline, Satu-
day, March %.
Roy Clark, son of Mr.. and Mrs.
Ira Clark, Caldwell, lost his right
hand at the thumb, Friday morn
ing at 900 o'clock in an accident
on the Mary Crum farm in
Enoch township. The young man
was at work with the Testa coal
company.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hiram d. Carter,
of Whigville, will observe their
golden wedding anniversary, on
Sunday, at their home in Whig-
vile.
New Arrivals - Mr.. and Mrs.
Howard DeVol, Jr., are announc-
ing the birth of a son, named
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-03-21
The American Way Xxx

place in jeopardy every one of
the freedoms now enjoyed by
this nation as whole.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1957-03-21
~ }$|!!|: g.
f\OOT u jKooN 1oII9R ~aaassasss=- aasassss---
U.s. A.
GODS ATOM BOMB


Strange has been made the atom bomb
appear something creation The tact
God bomb since the dawn OF creation "
the universe through the aV
earth Wnen the
All growing things hold their to catch the nectar rays
Fingers light burst the she'll ana
born The eagle spreads her into the bombs pain OF
light while creatures of the night hide
strikes aged lean
the pillars of fire When God sends His atom bomb all life comes
myriad glad halle
day when the
conceived in beauty and dedi-
bomb bursts the
when sun comes up and day is born
make the best of days,
cIo Sans
Evening star., 1957-04-19
TODAY'S WEATHER REPORT

District and vicinity-Partly
cloudy and warm this afternoon
high about rs. possibly with
scattered showers and thunder
storms. Possible showers this
evening. low about so. Warm
and windy tomorrow proba bly,
with scattered showers in thc
afternoon. Wind. IL am. today
north-northeast. 6 miles per hour
Virginia-Mostly cloudy and
warm. lowest in the upper SOS
tonight. Possibility OF scattered
showers or thunderstorms this
evening. Warm and windy to-
morrow with scattered showers
In afternoon and evening.
Maryland-Mild tonight with
q few evening showers or thun-
derstorms mostly over west por-
tion. Low tonight 55-64. Mostly
cloudy, rather windy and warm
tomorrow with scattered showers
or thunderstorms in west portion
spreading eastward in the after
Evening star., 1957-04-19
Parcel Post
Boost Sought
Post Office
BY the Associated Press

The Post once Department
today asked the Interstate Com
|rnerce Commission for authority
to raise parcel post rates by
about $4.3 million a year.
The petition estimated the
parcel service is losing that
amount annually. and said Post.
master General Summerfield will
shortly submit specific proposals
on how to apply the hikes.
Authority was also sought te
make such changes in the regu-
lations covering zones. weights
and parcel size as may be deemed
necessary in connection with thu
rate revisions.
Abe Goff. the department.
general counsel. filed the peti.
ton. He noted that under a 1851
law. the department cannot
withdraw its appropriated fund.
Ifor any purpose unless parce
post is on a self-supporting basis
Parcel post or fourth-clas.
mail rates and regulations ar,
made by the Postmaster Genera
with the consent" Of ICC. Con.
gress fixes the rates for Other
classes Of mail.
Evening star., 1957-04-19
Recess Gives Congress
Chance to Review Issues

limitation might nullify a pro-
vision in the original social secur-
ity law. requiring the Federal
Government to meet so per cent
of the administrative costs of
public assistance. There was no
dispute over the S275 million for
the Federal share of actual pay
ments to aged and needy per-
sons during May and June.
The House won its fight to kill
a Senate provision to have the
Government buy SO million worth
OF strategic minerals to help keep
the domestic mining industry
going.
Fight Still Active
Senate debate indicated. how
ever. that western Senators will
renew their efforts to get a stra-
tegic mineral fund in some later
appropriation bill.
Representative Taber of New
York. ranking Republican on the
House Appropriations Commit
tee, voted against the social Sc
.curity compromise. but did not
try to block action. He said he
could not support the amend
Iment striking out the dollar lin
itation because the cost of ad-
lministering public assistance in
the States has been increasing
enormously. In some places. he
said, 1t has become Is per cent Of
the program.