davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1957-12-23
The Test of Insanity

We think 1t is doubtful that Congress
can contribute much toward clearing up
the confusion which surrounds the test
or insanity in a criminal case In the
Nations Capital. Nevertheless, Repre-
sentative Keating is to be commended
Tor the interest he has shown in this
problem. and study by the House
judiciary Committee might be helpful.
The test in the District had been
whether an accused person knew the
difference between right and wrong, or.
II he did. whether he was subjected by
reason Of insanity to an irresistible i'm
pulse to commit a crime. The Monte
Durham decision in 1854 added another
test-whether the criminal act was the
product Of mental disease or defect.
This has resulted in what might be called
massive confusion in the application
OF the law. Trial judges have found 1t
extremely difficult to instruct juries un-
der the Durham doctrine in language
which satisfies the Court Of Appeals And
the number Of Jurors who haven't the
faintest idea what the judges and the
psychiatristS are talking about must be
legion.
Still, the principle underlying the
Durham rule-that person Of unSound
mind should not be held criminally re-
sponsible-is sound. The great danger
is that the administration of justice will
suffer from delay and confusion. and,
prospectively at least, that facilities for
the detention and treatment Of persons
acquitted by reason Of insanity will prove
inadequate. We do not want to reach
q point in this city, at which persons Of
unSound mind will be prematurely re-
leased simply because st. Elizabeths
lacks the physical facilities and doctors
to care for them.
We do not think that these problems
are insurmountable, however, nor do we
think that the Monte Durham decision
poses the major threat to law enforce
ment In Washington. The serious, the
real prospect that law enforcement will
break down in the District, comes from
the Mallory decision. This ruling, for all
practical purposes. makes 1t impossible
for the police to properly investigate
crime before they arrest and arraign
suspect. Here again, the purpose was
1audable-to outlaw coerced confessions.
But actually the ruling tends to outlaw
all confesSionS-coerced or voluntary.
We do not believe that Congress. in re-
quiring the arraignment of suspects
without unnecessary delay" had the
slightest intention of producing any such
result. But this is what is happening,
to the great detriment of law enforce
= - At.ak r. a
the House committee will not permit
their concern with the Durham rule to
stand in the way Of injecting a little
common sense into the speedy arraign-
ment law.
Evening star., 1957-12-23
Reminder

AS we attend the place Of
worship Of our choice we
should recall that Christmas
should be a time for thought
full contemplation Of the
great gift Of God. who sent
His Divine Son TO be born
on this earth and afterwards
TO die on the cross In order
that humans might enjoy
everlasting life. II should be
a reminder OF our duty to
maintain peace and good will
toward men. Our relatives
and friends should share
with us q deeper love and
appreciation, and more toll
erance and understanding
should exist toward our
enemies. II is o reminder
that every human being is
entitled to the respect due
to him as the image and
likeness Of God.
The cliche that Christmas
has become largely q time
for commercial gain has been
often repeated because II is
true. So much so that many
OF us have forgotten its real
meaning, and these miss the
elevation Of the soul. the
feeling Of security because of
Gods interest In us. and the
real satisfaction which comes
with the remembrance that
the Babe Of Bethlehem was
born on this day.
As we assemble In the din
Evening star., 1957-12-23
PIoy 1t Safe

IN installing CHRISTMAS
decorative lighting. ! have a
few suggestions to offer, that
YOU may have an enjoyable
holiday season.
Purchase only Underwater
Laboratories inspected elec-
trical tree lighting outfits.
etc. Check your tree lighting
outfits carefully. wires. lamp
re ceptacles. attachments.
plugs. ETC.. TO be sure you
have no frayed wires. and all
connections are tight. Before
replacing a lamp be sure 70
cut current on Of the cir
cult. in case icicles or tinsel
should drop in lamp recep-
tacle 1t could not cause a
short circuit. If q lamp burns
out leave 1t in the receptacle
II you have no lamp on hand
to replace.
When using electric trains
do not mount tracks on In
fiammable material, such as
cotton batting. because toy
electric engines, at times.
causes an arc on track rails.
To have q snow effect under
tree I suggest the use Of sheet
asbestos covered with white
sand sprinkled with artificial
snow tmica). This will give
a sparkling effect.
Do not overload circuits.
II q fuse should blow out.
replace with the proper size.
A l5-ampere fuse is sufficient
for tree-lighting circuit.
When q fuse blows. always
remember that it is one Of
three things: q short circuit,
grounded circuit, or an over
load.
II you have any electrical
trouble have q competent
electrician make corrections.
Having been an electrical
inspector for 80 years. I have
seen a number Of fires. There
have been heart-aches when
there should have been hap
piness.
Play II safe.
Joseph w. Ireland,
Retired Electrical Inspector,
District Of Columbia
Government.
Evening star., 1957-12-23
Argentine WAY

Congratulations on the
splendid article by Brian Bell
December l8 under the title:
"Argentines Watch Girls In
tently and Unabashed."
AS an Argentinian, I re-
joice that someone admits
that in my country we pay
homage TO the female In
such an open and frank way.
without taboos OF any kind.
Rene Rivicre.
Evening star., 1957-12-23
Meaning of Christmas

Christmas Is q time for
giving and receiving. 1t is
also q time for greeting old
friends and relatives and Civ
ing them our best wishes.
Some people look forward
70 1t as q time for indulging
in various pleasures. To many
people. Christmas has no
other meaning.
But. TO many Of US. Christ
mas has a deeper meaning.
We celebrate the birthday Of
Him who came down from
Heaven to accomplish the
greatest mission of all. Christ
came down to this earth to
offer a plan Of redemption
for mankind. This was God S
greatest gift to us. in the
person Of His Son. the Lord
Jesus Christ.
The Apostle Paul tells us
In Romans VS.: But God
commendeth His love toward
us. in that while we were yet
sinners. Christ died for US.
Jesus Christ made the su-
preme sacrifice so that those
who accept Him as Saviour
and put their complete trust
in Him may be saved for
eternity. We read in John
iii.l6: For God so loved the
world that He gave His only
begotten Son. that whose
ever believeth in Him should
not perish. but have ever
lasting life"
We can celebrate Christ's
birthday with reverence and
a knowledge Of the incom-
parable sacrifice He has made
for us. And the very least
We can give Him in return
Is a life Of service devoted TO
Him.
c. r. HaughawOut.
Evening star., 1957-12-23
WSTAS IN SCIENCE
BY THOMAS r. HENRY
Russian Report on
There are two clinically
distinct "noise diseases"

There are two clinically
distinct noise diseases"
They are meningitis and
pneumonia, both germ mala-
dies. Both are highly fatal in
experimental animals. The
meningitis-like malady, at
least, can be transferred from
animal to animal. just as If
1t were due TO meningococci.
One shades into the other.
Both, it is speculated. are
due to activation into virulent
agents by noise Of some of
the microbes which are al
ways to be found in the
bodies Of all men and all
animals and which ordinarily
cause no trouble.
This is reported In O
current issue Of Doklady,
Journal Of the Soviet Acad-
emy Of Sciences, by Drs.
L. p. Gorshunova and A. M.
Monaenkov Of the Soviet
Academy Of Sciences. In pre-
Sputnik days the report
probably would have been
disregarded. Now-well, the
Russian investigators may
have hit on something new
In nature. The report is
based on experiments with a
colony Of white rats.
Not only can sound pro-
duce conditions which seem
peculiar to itself but 1t can
aggravate mild infections,
which ordinarily probably
would go unnoticed, into Sc
rfous and even fatal illnesses.
Misinterpretation Of the re-
port would be easy. Fortu-
nately. 1t Is reported In clear,
uneQuivocal language, In dis
tinction from many Of the
Soviet biological reports.
Bell as Irritants
Say Drs. Gorshunova and
Monaenkov: I'VE were In
terested In using the sound
OF q bell as q nonspecific
irritant. In work on expert
mental poliomyelitis in small
rodents by one of us it had
been shown that prolonged
irritation by the sound of a
bell facilitates transition of
a benign infection into a
fatal illness. Later it was
demonstrated that use Of the
same irritant markedly in
creased the severity of dysen-
terry. In a special study con-
Quoted on animals with well
established conditioned re-
flexes 1t was possible to
demonstrate that irritation
with a sounding bell for !
TO 2 hours daily in five to
six days disturbed the
dynamics Of brain processes
in white rats leading to par
tial or complete disappear
ance of these refiexes and the
appearance Of other phe-
nomena. The totality of
these disturbances may be
regarded as a disruption of
the highest nervous activ-
tiles. In the present study
the same auditory irritant
was used.
From one to five DAYS
following irritation by the
sound of the bell there began
to be observed cases of illness
among the experimental ami
mails. The first instances,
observed in 36 to 4S hours.
were characterized clinically
by appearance Of paralysis in
Evening star., 1957-12-23
ganins cleverly devised prop
a.kkA.

ganin's cleverly devised prop
aganda letter.
These editorials may be
inimical to the safety Of this
Republic. for conservative,
patriotic people, as well as
the noisy liberal-leftist cabal.
viii seize upon The Stars ut
terances as being the true
American approach to the
problem Of Russia's growing
military might. The papers
position will be used to help
soften Americas will TO re-
sist Russia's growing military
strength.
As Secretary Dulles has so
lucidly explained in Life mag
azine. you can't do business
with the baleful folk in the
Kremlin. II the Soviet lead
erS were interested in q real
peace they have plenty of
means. and have had all
facilities for demonstrating
their sincerity.
In London disarmament
talks went on for nearly q
year. In the United Nations
the doors are always open for
such conferences. A with
drawal from Eastern Ger
many so that 1t might unite
with the Western part Of the
country would. Of itself, do
wonders to convince the free
nations Of Soviet sincerity.
The Star seems to have
overlooked the fact that the
Soviets are dedicated 70 the
conquest Of the world. De-
struction Of the United States
Is paramount in that strategy.
Only in tactics designed ul-
timately to accomplish that
strategy do the Kremlin
leaders vary. Right now the
tactic is to lure the West in
to q false peace. Once a
false peace is fixed. the de-
mocracies Of the West will
become complacent. Grad
ually. as they perfect their
intercontinental missiles, the
Red leaders will lure the
United States into the posi-
ton where q surprise attack
viii knock this country out
completely.
Only by remaining uncom-
promisingly strong can we
spare ourselves the horrors
Of o nuclear war. Already the
fact that we do possess such
strength prompts the Krem-
lin to suggest negotiations.
They are appealing for time.
They want to talk while their
enslaved people work.
1t Is most regrettable that
The Star Is not advocating
rearming at top speed. scien-
tifically and otherwise. in
stead Of suggesting that talks
with the Soviets be continued.
For such could easily mean
the end Of this Republic.
Charles p. Beazley.
Editors Note: 1t is The
Stars opinion that no OPP
portunity for continuing ne
gotiations with Russia should
be lost. To represent The
Star as advocating negotia-
tions with Russia as an al
tentative to complete pre-
paredness is, Of course. an
unsupported absurdity)
Evening star., 1957-12-23
Noise Diseases

the extremities. This lasted
two or three days and al
ways terminated fatally. This
form Of illness was seen
in seven animals. In 10
other rats which became i'll
during the same period there
was seen q coordination
disturbance, such as holding
the head sideways and back
wards. Almost any stimulus,
such as knocking or touch
ing. produced the appearance
OF a convulsion. All died in
three TO four days.
THE other rats becoming
Ill developed symptoms four
to five days after the irritant
began to be used. The illness
was manifested as a rhivitis
"a form Of coldD. The sick
ness lasted from four to IL
days and in most instances
ended fatally. During the ILL
ness the animals became
markedly emaciated.
"All the victims were
autopsied. In the majority
vessels in the brain were seen
to be dilated and there were
signs Of monocytic menin-
gifts. inflammation of one Of
small groups of cells. In
the spinal cord, edema
Swelling Of the cells was OBJ
served and exudation was
present in the central canal.
In the lungs there was noted
ayeolar widening. thickening
Of aveolar barriers, and
pneumonia foci in individual
animals. In the liver there
were small focal necroses
(areas Of dead cells). The
spleen asa rule was so af-
fected that the usual struc-
ture was completely obliter-
ated, numerous necrotic foci
being in evidence.
Changes In Organs
While the picture Of
changes in the organs was of
one type In all the animals.
the degree of its expression
was different depending on
the clinical nature of the ILL
ness. Thus in animals hav-
ing predominantly neuro-
logical symptoms there were
more marked changes in the
central nervous system, such
as massive meningitis and
isolated abcesses. In rats
showing clinical symptoms
Of upper respiratory disease
there were more marked
pathological changes in lung.
spleen, and liver"
The next step reported is
perhaps the most significant.
Material from the brain alb
cesses was cultured and then
injected into white mice. All
died within "a hours after
the injections. They showed
extensive Inflammation Of
the brain and the same
changes in lungs, liver and
spleen.
The Russian doctors do
not hold that the sounds
themselves produce the dis
eases. They hold that they
activated or accentuated
germs normally present in
all animals and men which
ordinarily cause no notable
illnesses. Nature has learned
to live with them under or
dinary circumstances. The
sounds free them from nor
NAL restraints and they be-
come highly virulent.
Evening star., 1957-12-23

ing room. and preparatory 10
demolishing the turkey. let
US say the grace with graft
tude for Gods blessings on
us and remember that. no
matter what our problems.
they can be solved by a
proper attitude toward Him.
James A. Cannon, NJ. ID.
Evening star., 1957-12-23
Silver Spring. Nd.
Dear Sir:

Dear Sir:
"We thought you would be
interested in the picture We
took Of a visitor we had at
our bird feeder recently.
which happened to be the
same day that your column
was devoted to the opoSsum.
We enjoy reading This and
That and find it helpful in
many ways.
I'VE have our bird feeding
station Just q few feet from
the kitchen window; we have
q good view sof the birds
when they come to feed on
the mixture Of lard and meal
We prepare for them.
I'VE have been feeding this
mixture to the birds in our
yard since We moved to our
home in l949. At this time
We are enjoying cardinals,
blue jays. mocking birds,
many varieties of Sparrows.
and an immature red-headed
woodpecker. They afford us
many hours Of pleasure.
I'VE followed your advice
and placed hamburger on the
feeder for the oposSum. This
meat disappears overnight.
and even though we haven't
seen our young friend since
Saturday, We have the
satisfaction Of knowing he is
well fed.
Yours truly. Mr.. and
Mrs. L. A. L.
'"P.S.-As you can tell from
the picture. this was q very
young opossum with quite
long hair
Feeding the wild things Is
an interesting chore in the
daily life.
Some people take to 1t
naturally, others have to
work themselves into the
mood. A third class. Of course.
has no interest and never will
have. They miss something.
This. our life, is often filled
with tasks that have little in
terest in them.
Any way we can pep up"
life in q legitimate way is
"all to the good" as the
phrase has 1t.
Giving food to harmless
. wanderers more than pays for
itself. Sometimes. 1t is true.
there will be drawbacks. such
as when putting out food for
birds happens TO attract rats.
The point here. We believe,
is that the rats already are
there. the bird food merely
points them out TO the OBJ
serving-and sometimes to
the unobserving. too.
1t is always unfortunate
when che totally unobserving
have their attention drawn to
anythingl
All they, do, in most cases.
is complain. y
The honest feeder OF wild
Evening star., 1957-12-23
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES (. TRAcEWELL

creatures does best when he
is on guard. Then he will
have a fresh stock Of ready
explanations at all times to
hand out to the disconnected.
who often are far more dis
concerted than they ought
to be. and who are easily led
from complaint to praise,
now and then.
Feeding the opoSSum has
special points of interest, be-
cause this is a harmless,
beautiful and interesting
animal.
The complainers, it is true.
may be afraid Of It, and point
with horrifled eyes to the
long naked tail.
"A rat" they state. with
sad eyes.
mo. not a rat" you state
cheerfully. but a very fine
animal. Look at those beau
tiful eyes; take q very good
look at those marvellous
front paws. really hands"
By the time your enthusi-
asm begins to wear thin the
other may have arrived at
that good point in life where
he is willing to concede that
he might be ready TO learn
something he did not know
before.
At times even the enthusl-
asst may look with misgiving
on the opoSsum. the Viz
ginia opoSSum. as it is some
times called.
The long tail. for one
thing, and its way Of calm
ly walking through our sub
urban yards.
Somebody nearby is sure to
cry out in terror. almost, at
the sight Of anything which
In any way resembles the
rat.
Yet the gray squirrel is
not a rat.
The word rat" like the
word dog" has been much
misused. having been given.
at various times in the
world. q status wholly at var
lance with the usual, what
we may cali normal, usage.
The oposSum is really a
marsupial, which keeps its
souils III u pouch aIter they
are born.
IT is a marvellous creature.
and any one who has one as
a guest has something rare
in this day Of sputniks.
1t loves to eat bread and
meat, and a nice bowl OF
warm milk. on a cold night.
might be Just the thing the
doctor ordered.
We have always wished to
try cottage cheese. that fine
food, on a wandering pos
sum.
We believe he would like
It
Evening star., 1957-12-23
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used "
letters carry iOrtters' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to condeR-
sdtton.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1957-03-15
Dignitaries To
Visit Shop Here
For March Il

London Prison FARMS Vocation
al School in Automotive Mechan-
les will get off to an official start
Thursday, March q, when State
officials and representatives of
automobile and parts manufactur-
ers give the department their Of
ficial blessing. The school will be
sponsored by the Ohio Automobile
Dealers Association, under the SUI
pervision of the Division of Hy-
giene and Correction.
According to a preliminary an
nouncement, the program calls for
the dignitaries to meet in the lob
by of the prison at 1890 Thurs
day prior to a tour of the shop at
12:40 pm, and after the tour,
lunch is to be served in the pris-
on cafeteria.
Details of the entire afternoon
program were not available
The delegation representing the
State of Ohio will be headed by
Governor G. William O'Neill. 9th
ers will represent the Division of
Correction and the Division of Hy-
giene and Correction.
According to the announcement,
the program of automotive repair
is designed to assist in making
more useful citizens of the inmates
when they return to society. It is
another step in the rehabilitation
program of the penal system.
The shop has been equipped
with the latest tools and equip
ment necessary for working with
the late model automobiles. Mod
ern testing equipment has been in
stalled to check the various
power" systems of the newer
models, and motors, transmissions,
fuel systems, ignition systems and
other assemblies have been donat-
ed to make the work as complete
as possible for the trainees.
According to the planned pro-
gram of training, the men will
come out of the course as qualified
mechanics, ready to work with any
of the modern vehicles. Plans al
ready announced by the leaders
cooperating indicate they are will
ing to keep the parts and equip
ment up-to-date. Autom tiv e
manufacturers have also pledged
to assist in the requirements
through making equipment and
assemblies available as they are
placed on the public market.
According to the announcement
here, the shop will be one of the
very few of the same type in the
penal systems, and will be one OF
the most modern, and we'll equip
ped shops available for vocational
training.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1957-03-15
Madison Farmer Starts Ranch To Grow
Highly Priced Fur Bearing Nutrias

Your next fur piece may actual
ly be a Madison County prod
uct.
That is, of course, if you are
willing to wait year or so, and
the new Madison County Nutria
Ranch progresses according to
plans.
Mr. and Mrs. Richard Hume,
Mcclure Road just off 665, have
started into the Nutria ranching
with two pairs of the highly priz-
ed fur-bearers, and with luck,
their herd should grow rapidly
during the next few years. Their
literature says each female should
produce about Is young per year
from the time she is a year old,
and this should give the Hume
herd total of more than 100 ami
mails in less than two years.
The Nutria, priced nearly as
high as mink in the fur business,
has been well known for many
years, but only recently was the
business expanded to so many in
dividual ranchers. To date there
are only about 100 of the ranches,
mostly just starting, in Ohio
The little animals, weighing
about 35 pounds when full grown,
are worth the price of a good
dairy COW when purchased for
breeding. And the pelts bring
from $1,000 up on the guaranteed
market established by the Cabana
Nutria Breeders Association. The
animals are also sold as meat and
their tusks are solid ivory. A fin
ished three-quarter length coat
of nutria costs approximately
$1,000 $1,000 on the retail mar
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1957-03-15
Lutheran Church
Assisting Drive
On Nephrosis

Members of st. Johns Lutheran
Church are assisting with the wag-
ing of war on "nephrosis."
Chairmen appointed are Mr.. and
Mrs. Marvin Parker, who are be-
ing backed by the following organ
izations of the church: MIR. and
Mrs. Club" Missionary Society" !"
and THE Mems Group"
Boxes for contributions have
been placed in many of the Lon
don stores and a House to House
Walk" is scheduled for March 20
q and %.
Anyone who is not reached in
this effort can mail contributions
to the National Nephrosis Founda-
ton, 184 South Yearling Road, Co
lumbuS, 13, Ohio or to Mr.. and
Mrs. Marvin Parker, 208 Washing
ton Ave, whose phone number is
III 2-q1S1.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1957-03-15
Red Cross Fund Drive In
County Tagging; Chairman
Says Funds Badly Needed
Funeral Saturday
At MI. S+erIinq
For Mrs. Wilson

Mrs. Jeanette Wilson, Il, a life
long resident of Fairfield Town
ship, died early Thursday morning
at her home near Big Plain. She
had been in falling health for sew
eral years.
Funeral services are scheduled
for Saturday afternoon at 200
from Snyder Funeral Home in Mt.
Sterling with the Rev, Buster
Hammons officiating. Burial will
be in Pleasant Cemetery, Mt. Ster-
ling.
Survivors include the husband,
Henry Wilson; two daughters,
Mrs. Forest Katterhenrich, Buoy
rus, and Mrs. Marjory Terry, Big
Plain; sister, Mrs. Hazel Polling
and four brothers: David, Will,
Henry and Cal Corn, all Of Mad
ison County. She is also survived
by four grandchildren and one
great grandchild.