davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1957-01-17

LEGATION of the Chamber of Com.
merce of the United States,
passes on this definition of q
taxpayer "a person who
doesn't have to pass a Civil Ser.
vice test to work for the govern.
ment.."
That's more than a good gag.
A man with two dependents who
earns $50 a week must work 4.9
weeks to meet his tax bill. II
he has no dependents. he has 10
work 80 weeks. And, of course,
the tax rates rise with almost
bullet.like rapidly as income
rises and the amount of time
man has to work for the gov.
eminent rises with them.
So. In this fashion. we're all
government workers. And we
have to do a great deal more
work on behalf of the govern
ment than most of US realize.
And speaking of taxes, pro.
duction. addition and subtraction,
We wonder just how far our
government will go in admins.
tering drouth relief to the areas
the President has just completed
touring :. and. we wonder just
how much of the condition he
was really able to observe In the
several thousand mile sweep At
$50 miles an hour.
OF course we realize his OBJ
servations will be correlated with
many other reliable reports and
observations, but we believe the
problem to be of proportions far
greater than may be suspected
and we are anxious TO know how
the washington Cowboys" and
washington Farm ers" will
handle It.
Someone once said that the
boys In Washington can handle
any problem or situation that
may arise We have no argu'
ment with that statement be
cause our tax bill proves they
are handling something.
What we are mainly interested
in Is - What kind of relief will
the stricken areas get? How
much will they get? How lons
will 1t be before they get IT.. ..
And. how long will they be In
government bondage before the,
can pay II back?
PAY 1t back?" you say. You
bet they will have to pay It bach
- and with interest II the
situation existed In any other
country Of the world. We would
probably be breaking our necka
to send aid by the shiploads and
money by the millions. all inter
est'free. or As . friendly gift.
We call attention to the Calen
dar of Coming Events now being
carried on the front page of The
Reporter.
This feature Is being carried
as a public service and Is avail
able to organizations. clubs
lodges. and for any event spon
sored In the public's interest, .,
no charge.
Just call The Reporter office
and let Us know what Is going
on and the date. and we will
gladly enter It In the calendar.
CONTINUED On Page g.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1957-01-17
The Weeks Weather
Calendar Of Comma Events

January i8-4H March Of Dimes Benefit Dance.
January l8-Methodist Rummagc Sale.
January is-Basketball. Browning W. Waller here.
January i0-Basketball. Browning Vs. Chotcau there.
January 10 - Tractor Show At Hamby's Feed & Seed
January 2i-Cub Scout meeting at recreation hail.
February le-Firensen'S Annual Dance Legion Club.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1957-01-17

Mr.. and Mrs. Tom Cobcll are
In Great Falls where Mrs. C0bcll
plans to enter the hospital there
for an operation soon.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1957-01-17
DRIVERS TESTS 70 %
GIVEN At CUT BANK

Drivers tests and examinations
are scheduled 10 be held at the
court house In Cut Bank on
Thursday and Friday. January II
and IS. with hours from 9 o. m.
to s p. m.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1957-01-17

The U. s. plans to let Poland
buy farm surplus products.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
The Red Cross Prepares
The Red Gross has shown "a ahil

The Red Cross has shown its ability
to adapt its services to the needs Of any
emergency-and the Asian flu invasion
is no exception. For some time the
District chapter has been organizing to
help the community meet the threat Of
the disease which is sweeping the world.
AS guide in its preparations 1t can re-
view what the Red Cross did in 1918,
when more serious and deadly infiu-
enza epidemic struck the country. It
Is gratifying to know that its nursing,
counSeling, training and other services
are available now, as they were then
and at no cost to the public
The nucleus of flu preparedness
program already existed when the new
emergency arose. This was the pro-
gram Of courses in Home Care of the
Sick and Injured" offered by the chap
ter's Nursing Service. Those courses
have been expanded to include special
training in home care of influenza VIC
tins. In addition, the Red Cross has
appealed to former nurses, nurses aides
and nursing instructors to volunteer for
active duty in the event the flu cpl
demic hits Washington with about Sc
verify this fall and winter This is one
phase Of the organizations humanitar-
ian work in which local citizens can be
Of great help. Volunteers are urged to
telephone Executive $4,000, Extension
201
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
Cause for Alarm

Traffic authorities of the Washing
ton Metropolitan Area have good cause
to be alarmed at the darkening regional
accident picture. 1t was pointed out at
the sixth annual Metropolitan Traffic
Conference that deaths on the streets
and highways Of, this urban area have
risen Is per cent over last years toll,
whereas the national rate is down about
per cent from last year
Washington'S fatality total already
is close to the 1856 mark of 81, with the
fall and winter danger season still
ahead. At this rate the final toll for
the year may be in the high sixties
shocking prospect indeed The story
is similar in nearby Virginia and Mary
land. Prince Georges County's record
is especially bad, with more than so
deaths already counted as compared
with only AZ at the same time last year.
The conference favored further
safety educational efforts, including a
"traffic crusade safety" pledge by drivers
who signify membership through dis
play OF crusade stickers. However, the
consensus OF those present was that
more than education of drivers is neces-
sary. We agree. 1t takes stern meas
ures In the law enforcement field to
impress some motorists with the need
for caution and alertness in the opera
ton OF a motor vehicle. And, after all,
nothing is more educational to a reck-
less driver than a stiff sentence--in-
GLIDING revocation of his permit and a
term in jail II the circumstances
warrant.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
Boys Club Salute

Boys Club OF Washington
is happy to salute you on Ma
tional Newspaper Week and
for your wonderful work in
keeping our community in
formed.
We are fully aware that a
great deal Of the effectiveness
Of an organization. such as
ours. is due to the way its
story is told to the public.
Your excellent cooperation
has been instrumental in the
growth of our organization to
the point where we now serve
more than 5000 boys in the
Metropolitan Area.
The press Of America has
always been most generous to
Boys Clubs both on the local
and national level.
We want you TO know how
much we appreciate your in
terest in us and the space
you have devoted to Boys
Clubs throughout the years.
George s. Cullen,
President, Boys Club OF
Washington.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
Hoffu HeIper

II any evidence were needed to
show that the AFL-CIO is facing a
tough and difiicult job in any effort to
expel, or even to discipline, the Team
sters Union 1t has been provided by
President Maurice Hutchinson Of the
Brotherhood of Carpenters. Mr. Hutch
eson, vice president of the federation
and a member of its executive council,
has wired his congratulations to presi-
dent-elect Hotfa Of the Transfers and
has expressed gratification at the sub
stantial and positive steps" taken by the
truckers to clean up their own union.
Actually, of course, it was Hoffa
himself who was the principal target Of
charges directed against the Transfers
both by the AFL-CIO Ethical Prac-
tees Committee and by the Mcclellan
Committee of the Senate. And 1t was
strictly under Hoffa's dictation that the
Transfers last week dumped all other
officials under fire--but not Hoffa-and
voted some constitutional changes that
will not reduce his iron-handed con-
troll In short, the positive steps" have
merely increased the authority of the
man whose exposed underworld con-
nections and shady financial practices
brought the Transfers under greatest
criticism-both within and outside the
labor movement.
Armed with this added power,
Hoffa's strategy for opposing expulsion
from the federation has been made
clear. Defiantly, he warned the ALL
Go that his union would fight back
and he reminded the federation Of the
Transfers numerical and economic
strength. At the same time, he offered
'peace"-on his own termS-and asked
for more time to complete his own kind
of cleanup job. Hoffa knows, of course,
that his Transfers can exercise a live
or-die role in the organizing campaigns
and strikes of many other unions. This
relationship is formalized in a mutual
assistance pact with the Carpenters,
among others, and probably explains Mr..
HutcheSon's obeiSant message. Whether
the majority of the AFL-CIO is willing
to submit to Hoffa's blackmail win next
be tested on October "a, when the fed
eration'S executive council meets to con-
slider the case. It will not be a bright
day for labor If they knuckle under.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09

ton. The radiation hazards
could be treated in the same
cumulative way as an en-
cheering problem
One form Of hereditary
damage due to irradiation,
the report points out. already
lends itself easily to quantita-
tive studies. Basic units Of
heredity are the invisibly
minute genes. These are
strung together, like beads.
into chromosomes. Usually
the genes Of q string have
some relation to each other
in their effects.
Radiation breaks these
strings. The parts then may
recombine. II they do not the
cell usually dies. If the breaks
rejoin they may reform into
the original chromosome. or
may join with q fragment Of
some other chromosome
which also has been broken.
In the first case there is no
way Of telling the difference.
In the second-often also
lethal to the cell-notable
hereditary. changes result.
"Since almost all genetic
changes brought about by
radiation are deleterious,
fundamental studies have
been, carried out on breakage
and rejoining Of chromo-
somes in hope that methods
could be devised for modify
ing the amount Of genetic
damage.
Oak Ridge Evidence
Work performed at the
Oak Ridge National Labora-
tory indicates that certain
post-irradiation treatments
can modify the number Of
alterations induced. In cer-
tain seeds chromosome frag-
ments remained separated
for more than two hours. Re-
joining depended on the pro-
duction Of adenosinetriphos.
phate, q high energy phos.
phate compound utilized as q
source Of energy in the living
organism TO drive most
anabolic (building-up) re-
actions.
Since chromosome breaks
remain open for long periods
and require q source Of
energy for their closing, it
was postulated that the
breaks involved are breaks
in chemical bonds in
which two atoms are linked
by sharing the same electron
or electrons. When ATP was
added, breaks closed faster.
Thus segments from a first
dose of radiation were not
capable Of rejoining those
caused by a second dose and
less damage resulted"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
Questions and Answers
By THE HASKIN SERVICE

Q. What fruits may be used
with fruit pectin to make
uncooked Jam? Will it keep
at all?-E. T. O.
A. Home economists of the
U. S. Department of Agricul-
ture say that unlocked
strawberries, raspberries,
olackberrieS. blueberries and
peaches will mix successfully
with q fruit pectin solution to
make this type Of lam. II
VIII keep under refrigeration
for several months. or as long
as a year in the freezer. 1t
should be used promptly after
opening. AS it is not cooked.
1t Will not keep at all with
out refrigeration.
Q. What is the correct
name of the white fringe
treeS?-B. j.
A. This tall shrub or low
tree growing from s to 20
feet is the Chionanthus
vlrginica. In May and JUNE
its dropping white flowers
give the effect Of fringe. It's
common names include
American fringe tree, flower
ing ash, poison ash. gray
beard tree. old-man's-beard,
shavingS. snowdrop tree, and
sunhower, The fringe tree
grows wild in thicketS and
along streams from Delaware
to Florida and Texas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09

the floor OF the Legislature. Therefore.
the excursion into the school field in
Arlington. Fairfax. Alexandra and Falls
church is presumptuous, to say the
least.
The scope Of the inquiry was limited
by the Legislature to "a thorough inves-
tigation Of the activities of corporations,
organizations, associations and other
like groups which seek to influence,
encourage or promote litigation relative
TO racial activities in this State" It
takes an elastic imagination TO stretch
this authorization to cover q study of
public school textbooks in nearby Vir-
ginia or elsewhere. The Thomson Com
mittee has overstepped the bounds of
authority and good sense.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
Out of Bounds

Arlington Delegate Harrison Mann
was. fully justified in advising the
Thomson Committee to stay out OF
Arlington schools" Also justified was
Arlington School Superintendent Rut-
ter's refusal to comply with the commit
tees request to Tenth District principals
for lists OF textbooks used in the sec
ondary schools. This investigation was
not authorized by the General Assembly
which created the Thomson group. On
the contrary, a proposal to sanction
such school inquiry was squelched in
committee before the legislation reached
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09

In these days Of untold
opinions and theories as to
the indignation problems all
over the country. especially
in Little Rock. I feel it would
be very beneficial to the lib
eral thinking people If you
would publish the attached
remarks made by that Great
Liberal and Emancipater,
Abraham Lincoln:
II win say. then. that !
am not, nor ever have been,
in favor Of bringing about in
any way the social and po-
litical equality Of the white
and black races; that I am
not. nor ever have been. in
favor Of making voters or
Jurors Of Negroes. nor Of
Qualifying them to hold Of
nee. nor to intermarry with
white people. and / will say
in addition TO this that there
is a physical difference be-
tween the white and black
races which I believe will
forever forbid the two races
living together on terms Of
social and political equality.
and inasmuch as they cannot
so live. while they do remain
together there must be the
position Of superior and in
ferior. and !. as much as any
other man. am in favor of
having the superior position
assigned to the white race"
A Virginian.
Editors note: The above
quotation is from a speech
by Abraham Lincoln in 1855.
on the occasion Of his fourth
debate with Douglass. Two
other quotations from Lincoln
are these:
The restoration of the
rebel States to the Union
must rest upon the principle
of civil and political equality
for both races; and it must
be sealed by general am
nesty."-From a letter to
Gen. Wadsworth in 1864.
In what I have done l
cannot claim to have acted
from any peculiar consider
alton of the colored people
as a separate and distinct
class in the community. but
from the simple conviction
that all the individuals of
that class are members OF the
same community and. in vir-
tue of their manhood. en-
titled to every original right
enjoyed by any other mem
Der. We feel. therefore.
that all legal distinctions be-
tween individuals of the same
community founded in any
such circumstances as color.
origin and the like. are hos
tile to the genius of our in
stitutions. and incompatible
with the true history of
American liberty. Slavery
and oppression must cease.
or American liberty must
perish. From a speech at
Cincinnati. May 6. 1922
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09

The first fat lady who pro-
tests TO the driver. and
turns him in" will not be
allowed TO find a cool bus
again.
The driver puts on all the
heat, makes the fan system
roar. and soon the tempera-
ture is up to 81 degrees. and
climbing higher.
Templeton Jones. an. in
veterate bus rider, says that
he once put up a small
thermometer in a bus, and
found it registered IS degrees.
And this. he stoutly affirmed,
was just a few feet from the
front door.
One woman almost tainted.
he recalled. and they had to
raise a window for her bene-
Mt. much to the relief Of all
the other roasted passengers.
The driver usually appears
without hat and coat. while
all his passengers are mufned
to the ears.
II just doesn't make sense.
according to Temp Jones.
Only the homeowner can
DO anything about it. appar-
emily.
And he not only can save
money by keeping a cooler
house. but he can lower the
number Of colds, too.
Well. maybe.
Often there is literally no
way to prove anything. in
such a matter. where even
medical men can only guess.
No one can prove he might
not have caught a cold. or
even the flu" if he hadn't
been in an overheated public
vehicle.
The cold-suSceptible peo-
pie Of the 10th century sneeze
down upon YOU and M ona
does anything about it. You
can only fight back the best
you can.
Maybe you will Join them
in sneezing. too.
If you do, don't yell "flu"
at the first sneeze. though.
Maybe 1t will be lust A
cold" after all. That can be
bad enough.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
Law on Troop Use

Referring to q readers let
ter In Mondays Star con-
corning the Presidents al
legged authority to use Fed
eral troops In Arkansas. !
wish to point out that the
statement I made in my Sep
TENDER 80 article is correct
that there is no provision Of
law which expressly author
ICES the President to use the
Army for the purpose he out
lined.
II is true the President cit
ed Sections 1872. 1888 and 1874
OF the 1856 United States
Code as his authority. but 1t
also is true that the proyi-
sions Of Section $50 were
originally passed in 1871.
When laws are recodified and
their sections remembered,
the previous laws are not
changed. They are merely
reafiirmed. sometimes with
some slight changes in YER
biage. Section 1872. based on
q 1892 law. was originally
passed in 1861.
What your letter writer did
not mention was the fact
that I quoted verbatim in my
article Of October 6 the pres
ent language Of the Posse
comitatus Act and mentioned
also that Il had been re-
codified on August 10. 1856.
Section $40. TO which your
letter writer referred. states
that the President may call
into Federal service such OF
the militia Of any State and
use such Of the armed serv-
ices as he considers necessary"
to enforce laws Of the United
States" That can only mean
"acts Of Congress" True. the
1871 Act has broader Ian
guage. But the restrictive Act
Of 1873 1.-THE Posse Comita-
tus Act) recodiiied on August
10, 1856. forbids the use Of
the Army or the Air Force to
enforce court orders. The
Army can be used to suppress
rebellion or a state Of insur-
rection. but the President did
not proclaim either a state Of
insurrection or a state Of
rebellion in Arkansas. He
mentioned unlawful obstruc-
tons but cited no instance
Of a court order directed to
any individual that had been
disregarded after the injunc-
ton Of September 20 against
the governor was issued.
In the absence OF armed
insurrection. the courts are
supposed TO enforce their
orders with United States
marshals and deputy mar
shals. There was no evid mce
that the marshal at Little
Rock was unable to enforce
the court orders. He had the
power and authority under
law to deputize as many as
5000 assistant marshals.
David Lawrence.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
Court Critics

] was very much interested
In the item in The Star Of
September 20 reporting on a
speech in Roswell. N. Mex,
by Charles S. Rhyme. presi-
dent Of the American Bar
Association. I am not a law
yer. but ! certainly agree
with Mr.. Rhyme in being
deeply disturbed by the
Nationwide attacks on our
courts"
! am glad to note that Mr..
Rhyme would stress that he
respects the right of any
man to express criticism OF
any decision Of any court
and recall to you the fact
that from such criticism
have come many changes in
decisions down through the
years"
We surely need some dras-
tic changes to undo the great
harm done by the recent de-
cisions Of the Supreme Court.
and to curb uSurpation Of
powers by the court in fia-
grant violation of the Consti-
tuition Of the United States.
However. 1t surprises me
very much thata man Of Mr..
Rhymes undoubted mental
attainments and court expe-
rience should be himself sur
prised at the personal in
suits now hurled at members
Of the (Supreme) Court. "
The decisions Of that court,
or any court. are the con-
sidered ideas Of the bench.
The decisions Of the Supreme
Court, when they stray from
the straight and narrow path
OF the law, as they so fire.
quently have done in recent
decisions, are clear refiec-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
q. TH0MAS p HENRY
A Slide Rule on Atomic Rodiotion

A new doctrine Of pre-
destination has just been
described by Atomic Energy
Commission scientists.
Life and death Of each Of
the body's billions Of cells
may be predestined from
birth. This. in turn. might
be an explanation for one Of
the most mysterious effects Of
exposure TO radiation--grow-
ing old faster without any
injury which can specifically
be traced.
Certain Of q cells sealed
orders" which normally
would be obeyed at q certain
stage In the life process. in
some way are destroyed. AS q
result the cell follows the
next set OF orders. intended
for q later stage Of life.
Admittedly this still is highly
theoretical. according TO a
commission report. II valid,
however, the theory offers
great hope for precise mathe-
NAUTICAL prediction Of radia-
ton injuries.
Mathematical Biology
"Quantitative prediction Of
the effects q given exposure
will have on man and other
living organisms il hampered
by lack Of mathematical
formulation" says the re-
port. "A great deal Of prog
ress In physical and engi-
neering sciences IL due to
the fact that results Of ex-
perimental situations can be
predicted by calculations.
Recently certain mathemat-
ical theories have been ap-
piled to the behavior Of
biological systems.
This application presup-
poses that all organisms
contain in their structural
components tthe cells bits
Of information or directions
which determine their furth-
er development. interruption
or cessation Of functions and
death. The development proc
ess usually Is orderly as Q re-
suit Of q very large but
finite number Of bits Of In
formation in the molecular
structure Of the organism.
"One interesting hypothe-
sis has been offered that
radiation damage is eQuival-
ent to aging which results
from loss of some Of the in
formation content Of cells.
1t may be possible to de-
velop this into a mathemat-
ical theory so that 1t will
be possible to calculate in
advance the biological con-
sequences Of planned irradia-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09

tions Of the thinking and
consciousness Of the individ-
ual members Of that court.
You cannot separate their
acts from the men. and by
their acts they are con-
demned. and for their acts
they receive insults.
Frank d. Pryor,
Capt, USN., Ret.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDrtters' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
satton.