davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-24
NJ. BrowneH Resigns

For a quiet and unassuming man,
Herbert Brownell. who is bowling out as
Attorney General, has had a stormy
time Of 1t in public life.
His close association with Thomas e.
Dewey-he was the Dewey campaign
manager in the near-miss Of l948-made
him somewhat suspect in the eyes of
the Republican Old Guard He became
Attorney General In 1853, having sue
cessfully managed the Presidents cam
paign the year before. In November.
1858, he made speech In Chicago sug-
costing that Harry Truman had know
ingly harbored Communist spy In
his administration. This finished Mr..
Brownell with the liberal Democrats.
Then came the fight over the Civil
Rights bill and the Little Rock integra-
tiop crisis, with Mr.. Brownell plotting
the Eisenhower ship Of state in each
instance. We have no doubt that his
advice to the President was prompted
by deep conviction. The result, however,
was to ALLEVIATE the Southern Democratic
wing, and to leave Mr.. Brownell with
few supporters on Capitol Hill.
In this situation, one can readily
understand his desire to get back to pri-
vate practice and the economic rewards
which 60 with 1t. 1t is also not difiicult
to believe that change In command
at the Justice Department at this time
win be politically helpful to the admin
istratioh.
Mr.. Brownell will be succeeded by
his deputy, william P. Rogers In our
opinion this is an admirable choice-a
selection based on demonstrated COM
petence and not on narrow political
considerations.
Mr.. Rogers. who is only A, is well
thought of in Congress. He has worked
hard to improve and speed up the adj
ministration of justice in the Federal
courts. He has devoted much time and
attention to the selection of judges, with
competence. not politics. serving as his
guiding star. or course. one must as
sumo that Mr.. Rogers believes in and
will continue to support the controver-
sial policies Of Mr.. Brownell. II this Is
the case, he may find the going rougher
when he takes over as Attorney General
and has to assume responsibility for
those policies. Even so, however, We DO
not think the President could have done
better than to follow Mr.. Brownells
advice in making this appointment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-24
'UnshukobIe Faith

1t is all very well for the President
to say that he has "unshakable faith in
the capacity of informed. free citizens
to solve every problem involved" in the
business of staying alive in the nuclear
age. This is pleasing statement, with
a good ring to 1t. But 1t is also largely
meaningless in its application to the
problems which confront us today.
The American people are free
enough, and to some extent they are
informed. But they do not know and
they will not know whether We should
concentrate on the development Of one
missile at the expense Of another, how
much money should be spent on pure
research as against weapons develop
ment, whether we are ahead OF, tied
with or behind the Russians, and what
should be done about the national debt.
Informed, free citizens cannot solve
these problems, and they should not be
expected to solve them. The solutions,
for better or worse. will be worked out
by the specialists, and most Of the ulti-
mate decisions which will lead to the
solutions must be made by the President,
II they are to be made at all.
To say these things is not to ques-
ton the desirability of the series of talks
which Mr.. Eisenhower is planning to
make Much good can come II the
President intends to get down to cases
and, within the ,limits imposed by Sc
curity, talk frankly about our military
position, our economic status, and our
strength in both respects relative to the
Russians At the least, such series OF
talks should clear away some OF the
doubts and uncertainties which have
plagued this country since Sputnik
began its world-encircling tour of duty.
And at best, the talks may help organize
public support for sound military and
economic programs-Support which is
going to be sorely needed in the months
ahead.
We do not expect any good to come
out of this venture, however, II Mr..
Eisenhower is going to talk in general
tiles. The people have heard the gen.
eralities before What they want now
are some hard facts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-24
Let's Get the Truth

1t probably is good thing that the
United Nations General Assembly has
voted to defer discussion Of the bitter
Syrian Turkish controversy while King
Saud of Saudi Arabia attempts to bring
about settlement through mediation.
The deferment is brief one, but posi-
bly-despite Syrias negative attitude up
to now-it may help to cool OF the stu
alton and avert the kind of acrimonious
u. N. debate that could make matters
even worse than they already are.
King Saud. in any event. is to be
commended for the initiative he has
taken. He is man of very great infiu-
ence throughout the Middle East, and all
friends of peace must hope that he will
succeed in working out formula effec-
tive enough to abate the present ten
sion and clear the way for an agreement
designed to promote stability and mu-
tual trust in the area. Unfortunately,
however, his task has been made ex-
ceedingly difficult by the Kremlins
harsh position in the General Assembly
and by the fact that Syria, or at least
the pro-Soviet clique in Damascus, APP
parently is determined not to cooperate
with him, even though the Turks and
practically everybody else have well
coined his mediating moves.
1t is not easy to figure out Just why
the Russians and the Syrians have taken
this position. They have accused the
United States of plotting with Turkey
to unleash war of aggression against
Syria, but they have refused to accept
our own and Ankara's repeated and
emphatic denials and assurances, and
they evidently have no liking for King
Saud's peace promoting efforts. This is
a curious sort of business. 1t suggests
that Damascus and Moscow, with the
latter calling the signals, is interested
in only one or another of two things
either to keep the pot boiling for sinister
ends best known to the Kremlin, or to
force U. N. showdown because they
feel confident that they can prove their
charges about an American Turkish
conspiracy.
Nothing could be more difficult to
believe than the validity of such charges,
but the Russians and the Syrians have
been so loud and persistent In giving
voice to them that both the United
States and Turkey-in the event that
King Saud's mediation fails--should
lose no time in demanding that the
General Assembly undertake full-scale
investigation to determine the truth.
Certainly. II Moscow and Damascus are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-24
RedeveIopment First

From the long-view perspective, the
Importance to Washington Of the re-
development program now going for
ward under public and private auspices
cannot be exaggerated. 1t is not sur
prising. therefore, that the Federal City
Council, a forward-looking citizens
group, has given top rating to Southwest
redevelopment as a factor in building
a greater city.
1t is through such sweeping inn
provements as the joint Federal
DiStrict-private interest reconstruction
and upgrading Of the old Southwest
section, the Federal and private building
operations in the Foggy Bottom area
and the urban renewal program In other
old parts of the city that the deadly
urban blight" disease can be cured. The
Federal Council will use its best efforts
to expedite the Southwest redevelop-
ment project with special reference to
the ALLEGATION Of leaSe-purchase funds
for three proposed public buildings in
Area c. The council hopes that these
funds will be reserved for this project.
AS former District Commissioner
Louis Prentiss pointed ont to council
members, the sp-called flight to the
suburbs" can be arrested and reversed
only II the city offers living and shopping
conditions that will hold residents and
attract new ones. The building OF an
entirely new community overlooking the
waterfront, with modern apartments,
homes. public buildings, parks. recrea-
tional facilities and other attractions, is
expected to constitute major step to-
ward a more beautiful, more prosperous
Capital. The council, composed as 1t is
of many of the city's trade, banking and
civic leaders. can be of great service in
promoting the metamorphoSis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-24
THE POLITICAL MILL
Civil Rights Commission Needed
BY GOULD LINCOLN

That, however, does not mean
that action now on theA
matters would not be wen
justified. On the contrary,
arguments favor taking both
these steps. The conditions in
Little Rock. where the nine
Negro children assigned to
the Central High School are
being escorted to and from
the school by armed guards
either Federal troops or
federalized National Guards
men--appear to be easing.
1t is no secret the admin
istration Is hopeful that be-
fore long It will be possible
to withdraw all Federal
troops from duty there. How
ever that may be. every step
should be taken to see that
no similar situation shall
arise in any Of the States.
making 1t necessary for the
President to send In Federal
troops TO end mob rule. While
1t is believed that no other
Governor will order out State
troops to prevent the carry
ing out Of a school integra-
ton program set up by q
white school board. as did
Gov. Faubus, no one wants
to see that hAppen-or TO
see Federal troops used again
TO bring about school In
tegration anywhere.
A Step Forward
The appointment of a new
Assistant Attorney General
to have charge of q special
division in the Department
Of Justice on civil rights
cases will be a step forward.
The new law creating this
ofice, except for appointment
of the Civil Rights Commits
sion, is limited to voting
rights Of all citizens. and
gives the Government the
authority TO intervene by
civil suit where the right to
register and vote is curtailed
in any locality by discrimi-
nation. 1t has been widely
charged that discrimination
has prevented Negroes from
voting in the South. While
this is an of year" so far
as elections are concerned
generally. the congressional
elections and those for many
Governors and other State
and local officials are COM
ing up in 1858.
The selection Of the six
member Civil Rights Com
mission will be important.
The President is confronted
with the need of selecting
commissioners representing
both the South and the North
men or women Of good will.
intent on fair solutions of the
problems of civil rights for
all. Upon his success will
depend in large part the use
fulness of the commission.
These problems are by no
means confined to the South.
They are found in Boston. in
New York. in Chicago and
Detroit. and in San Fran
cisco and other cities where
there is a constantly grow
ing Negro population.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-24

that Meade. in his biography
Of Patrick Henry. repeatedly
refers to his liberalism" In
the old sense Of placing free
dom ahead Of security. To-
day America stands In dire
need Of an equally trumpet
tongued orator who can re.
generate the spirit Of the
founding fathers. arouse the
people from their lethargy
and defy the newer and more
ominous forms Of statism.
Thus may we atone for the
misdeeds Of the New Deal
and New Republicanism and
restore the only truly decen-
tralized free society which
the world has ever known to
our posterity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-24

I read with interest. Con-
stantine Browns article on
the Critical Middle East
Situation" AS always. Mr..
Browns analysis is deep and
interesting. There are, how
ever. certain points in II
which may leaves readers
with a somewhat incomplete
picture.
Mr.. Brown refers to q
Turkish view that the exist
ence Of Israel is the reason
for Arab animosity towards
the West. This is contrary to
history and the political
facts of the region. Israel
was not placed in the Mid
die East by the West. There
were international commit
ments prior to l947 for the
establishment Of a Jewish
state, such as the Balfour
Declaration and the League
OF Nations Mandate. Israel
came into existence as the
result Of the United Nations
resolution Of November 20.
l94I. after repelling an on
slaught Of the combined
Arab states who defied that
resolution. To use Israel as
a scapegoat for Arab anti
West policy is to ignore not
only the role which Russia
had in the creation Of Is
rael. but to ignore as well
Arab anti-West policies
which predated the estab-
lishment of Israel.
The real reason for Arab
animosity towards the West
can be explained In much
simpler terms. The Arabs
have always respected a poll
icy conducted from a posi-
ton Of power. The Russians
now are operating from such
q position. Arab sympathy
and respect for the West will
come only when the West
displays o positive and mag
NATIVE policy. one which will
find q way for large-scale
economic development for
the utilization of the re-
sources Of the region for all
Its inhabitants, for raising
the standard of living Of its
people. Such a policy. and
not any attempt to flnd an
easy scapegoat, will be the
only thing which could pos
sibly check Russian penetra-
ton into the Middle East.
Mrs. Raphael TOurOyer,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-24
Universal Freedom

The United Nations is
going to air the Soviet
Syrian charges against the al
legged Turkish and American
planned aggression. Accord
ing to responsible American
spokesmen these charges are
absurd and clumsy fabrica-
tions. No doubt about it.
Americas principled stand
and integrity are on record
and quite recently have been
demonstrated so convincingly
during the Suez crisis. And
yet the world forum of the
u. N. will be open to the So
Wet Union and q barrage Of
SANDER. threats and propa-
ganda will be poured out by
the Soviet delegate to intimi-
date the free world and to
cover the sinister Soviet in
tentions in Syria.
The Soviets usually act in
bad faith. In 1910, they
overran and Sovietized the
three Baltic states. Latvia.
Lithuania and Estonia. So
Wet aggression in the case
Of these states is on record.
Their independence has not
yet been restored. To cover
their sinister intentions the
Soviets then accused Western
powers OF intriguing against
Russia.
During the Korean war. in
stigated by the Soviets. they
again accused America Of
aggression and even bacterio-
logical warfare.
For many years the Soviets
have been Systematically de-
nouncing the United States
and other freedom loving
nations and indulging in a
elobal anti Western hate
campaign. At the same time
Russia has engaged in all
possible crimes.
The free world is still free.
It is strong enough to call the
Soviets to order and to stop
the Soviet aggression for
good. The free world has a
weapon which is mightier
than all atomic bombs and
intercontinental missiles. 1t
is its theological stand for
universal freedom. The use
Of this weapon is not for
hidden.
Karlie KalninG
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-24
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

better species. by and large.
The bird population Of
Greater Washington remains
fairly stable because Of the
effects of Rock Greek Park
and its adjacent area, the
grounds Of the National 20
illogical Park. The Potomac
River Basin also helps.
As the building boom began
after World War II. the birds
began to depart from many
suburban areas. and at first
nobody noticed it. got even
the enthusiastic bird watchers.
Not all the species one had
put down in his little book OF
species were to be seen every
day, or every week. or even
every month. Of course, so
that nobody wondered at all.
But in time one realized
that there were fewer species.
and this meant fewer birds.
AS for the drought. this
may even make for more
birds by increasing the insect
population.
There are supposed to be
7 billion birds in the United
States. and their numbers
remain the same; II we can't
see % many. 1t is probably
because some Of them have
gone back to the remaining
natural countryside.
Noise plays little part in
bird life. They can hear.
but not having any alphabet
or language. in any real sense.
they cannot think. and If
they cannot think. they can
not worry.
Birds have nested over
some Of the noisiest street
corners.
AS for garden spraying"
that phrase covers a great
deal. If DOT and other
newer sprays are meant.
these may at times harm bird
life. though no one knows
exactly the figures.
All in all, we probably have
as many birds in the Nation.
but not always as many in
any one place as there might
have been a quarter of a
century ago. There are many
known factors, in this prob
lem; in time. some Of them
will come to light. Our
civilization is becoming so
complex that neither bird nor
man can understand it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-24

1t is little hard to believe that
Master Sergeant Roy A. Rhodes has been
telling the truth in the Brooklyn spy trial
of Colonel Rudolf Ivanovich Abel. II he
has told the truth, however. this business
somewhat easier than stealing candy
from baby.
Sergeant Rhodes was on duty at the
American Embassy in Moscow In 1882
and 1858. He says he was spy for the
Russians and that they paid him be-
tween $4,000 and $4,000 for information
he turned over to Kremlin agents. He
has not said what the information was,
but it must have been of some impor-
lance If the Russians paid that much
money for it.
Furthermore, according to his own
testimony, Sergeant Rhodes was drinking
with Russian girls, associating with uni
formed Russians, cleaning up in the
currency black market, and to cap 1t all,
he got drunk every day for the last two
months of his Moscow assignment.
Presumably, Sergeant Rhodes, who
is still on duty at Fort Myer, will be dealt
with in due time. But this does not
explain how 1t was possible for him to
do the things he says he did in Moscow.
How could he stay drunk for two
months, spy for the Russians and hob
mob with the girls while on duty at the
Embassy without getting caught? Was
there no pretense of maintaining secu-
rity? It's a good thing the Russians
didn't want the Embassy building, or
they probably would have stolen that
by now.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-24
Leaders,

Critical periods in Ameri-
can history have almost In
variably produced great lead
ers. From TITS TO 1900 we
had such giants as WASH
ington. Jefferson. Franklin.
Hamilton. Patrick Henry and
a score Of others.
From 1900 TO 1880 emerged
such stalwarts as Andrew
Jackson. John Hay. Daniel
Webster and John Marshall.
This was during the forma-
tive period Of our Nation
when strong men were
needed to shore up the very
foundations Of our Govern
ment. then threatened by
States Fighters and the ugly
visage Of slavery.
Then came 1860 and q man
by the name of Lincoln saved
the Union. He succeeded q
weakling. one James Blu
chanan. at one Of the most
critical moments in our his
tory.
Other stalwarts who arose
In times of national peril
were Theodore Roosevelt.
Woodrow Wilson, Franklin
d. Roosevelt and. yes. Harry
Truman!
Now comes another period
of great peril-the threat OF
Soviet dominance Of the
world. There Is no Washing
ton, Jefferson or Lincoln in
the White House, no Theo-
dore Roosevelt. Woodrow
Wilson or Franklin Roosevelt
to lead the way. But there Is
a Dwight D. Eisenhower, who
may, by the grace Of God
and the wholehearted sup
port Of the entire country.
yet attain the stature re-
quired to meet the emer-
gency.
Please bear In mind that
1t was the will Of the people
that Mr.. Eisenhower was
twice elected to the presi-
dency. And less than a year
ago-at about the time
Russia was working on the
final stages Of her space sat-
ellite-it was the editorial
opinion Of the great majority
Of metropolitan newspapers
that Eisenhower should be
chosen over Adlai Stevenson.
I had my own opinion then.
! still have 1t. supported by
the evidence of the past five
years. But / bowed TO the SUI
perior judgment OF the edi-
tors OF our leading journals.
many Of whom are now Sc
verely critical Of their own
choice.
Gentlemen OF the Fourth
Estate. you asked for II. Now
have the grace to admit your
failures and do everything in
the power Of your editorial
pages TO help the President
rectify his. Our national Sc
curity depends on it.
Harry r. Lee.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-24
liberalism

To President Eisenhower
and other Americans who
have the brazenness to call
themselves Liberals" I COM
mend these words of q lead
ing Italian liberal, Pro-
lessor Luigi Einaudi, Presi-
dent Of the Republic. in his
message to the Tenth Inter-
national Liberal Congress at
oxford, England:
Indeed. the theme which
you will debate, the signifi-
canoe Of social security in a
free society. is Of the great
est Importance. We all agree
on the necessity that the
State receive the means to
defend its citizens against
the worst hazards and that
the inequality of oppor-
tunity should be diminished.
Still, without doubt. there
also exists the danger that
such a policy, instead OF
helping q free society. un-
dermines It. An excess of
social security can destroy
the instinct to save. the feel
ing Of family responsibility.
and the affection for ones
property. big or small. We all
know the consequences OF
such q policy Of exaggera-
ton: imitation. ubiquity of
controls, statism, decay of
political liberty and the end
of all personal and private
initiative"
The q bove paragraph
should be printed In large
type and hung upon the walls
OF the Presidents study and
OF the ONCE Of every mem
Der Of Congress. 1t Is rather
ironic that q foreigner should
reaffirm the traditional phil
osophy Of the original Amer
lean liberal - the greatest
possible measure of political
Independence for the individ-
ual. Professor Robert Dou.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-24
Bod Taste
o. X

I have been reading The
Star for about IS years and
had always considered 1t one
Of the best newspapers.
You certainly insulted your
readers Sunday. October 20.
by putting on TeleVue n pic
ture worthy Of q cheap and
salacious magazine.
As a responsible newspaper.
do you consider this a f1t
picture to be seen daily by
the impressionable young
people Of our city?
II Is my opinion that you
owe your readers an apology.
Subscriber.
Editors note: An apology
Is hereby rendered. The cover
was not in good taste.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-24
Impressions of Byrd

I noted with interest Jim
Berryman's cartoon of Sen
ator Byrd peering through a
curtain at Ted Dalton. telling
Mr.. Dalton that he should be
campaigning against Lind
say Almond and not against
Byrd. This shows how little
your 'cartoonist knows about
Virginia affairs.
Until two months ago. I
lived in Virginia all of my
life. and as far as / can tell.
Harry Byrd has been the
Governor OF Virginia for
more than 20 years. Others
may hold the title. but the
power and the glory have
been Mr.. Byrd's.
You stated editorially that
you thought Senator Byrd
would sacrifice his machine
to preserve segregation in
Virginia. Again. you show
a lack Of knowledge OF Vir-
ginia affairs. l can think Of
no calamity or chaotic con-
dition that could force Byrd
to relinquish his hold on
Virginia politics.
Mr.. Almond-with the
blessings and instructions OF
Mr.. Byrd-offers to close Vir-
ginia's schools as a solution
to the indignation problem
a good example OF Byrd's
emotional appeal. Mr.. Dalton
offers a sensible plan that
will save Virginia's schools
and Byrd knows 1t. Still. he
stirs UP racial hate and emo
tionalism to maintain his po-
litical death-grip on Virginia.
I am sure that thinking
voters will not be impressed
by your statements nor taken
in by the Byrd-Almond line.
Whether there are enough
thinking voters will deter
mine II Virginia goes ahead
with Ted or gets the Byrd"
again.
Margaret Brsdtord.