davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-13
For America
Fight Expanded

Former Republican Gov. J.
Bracken Lee of Utah. new ma
tional chairman Of For Amer
lea" says he will expand his
campaign against the Federal
income tax.
Reorganization of For Amer
lea" with Mr.. Lee in the new post
was announced yesterday. He
said he will stump the country
speaking for repeal Of the in
come tax and against reckless
spending and CANT
waste "
Attacking both major political
parties at a press conference.
Mr. Lee said a third party of
conservatives may develop If
Democrats and Republicans
don't give the people "a choice"
He said President Eisenhower
Is an ''interloper" in the Repub-
lican Party. and that Mr.. Eisen-
howers modern Republicanism"
is lust another form Of So
cialism."
Mr.. Lee attracted national at
tention when he refused to pay
a part OF his 1855 income tax
and the Government collected
by slapping liens on his bank
account.
For America" was organized
In 1854 to fight what its found
ers called international
ism" and seek "a return to con-
stitutional government"
For the last 10 months 1t has
been operating under the CO.
Craftsmanship of Clarence f..
Manion. former dean of the
Notre Dame University Law
School, and Dan Smoot. Dallas,
Tex. publisher and radio COM
mentator.
The reorganization puts repeal
of the income tax at the top of
the groups list Of detectives
The group also announced adop-
ton Of resolutions calling Essen
hover administration spending
"a national tragedy" and urging
defeat of pending civil rights
legislation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-13
SenaiorsAWait
U. 5. PoIic:yData
On Middle East
BY the Associated Press

=
Senator Fulbright, Democrat of
Arkansas. said today that a,
forthcoming Senate inquiry may
determine whether serious mis-
takes" in policy helped precipi-
tate the Middle East crisis.
Senator Fulbright is chairman
of a subcommittee set up re-
Gently by the Senate Foreign
Relations and Armed Services
Committees to collect data from
the State Department as the
basis of a review of Middle East
policy extending back to Janu-
airy, 1916.
He has contended that the
Eisenhower administration had
no firm policy in that area. and
said that situation helped cause
the crisis.
His demand for a white pa
per" from Secretary of State
Dulles during hearings on the
Middle East resolution set the
stage for the study.
Truman Regime Included
Republicans went along in the
unanimous vote which approved
it only after Senator Fulbright's
resolution was broadened to in
clude a look into developments
under the previous Truman Dem
ocratic administration.
The Fulbright subcommittee,
made up of three Democrats and
three Republicans. is limited in
its function to assembling data
and progress reports from the
State Department and comforting
with its officials on the material
to be assembled.
Other members are Senate Re-
publican Leader Knowland of
California and G. o. P. Senators
Wiley of Wisconsin and Salton-
stall of Massachusetts and Dem
WI q llL Va
Montana and Byrd of Virginia.
Will Decide on Hearings
The subcommittee decisions
are subject to review by the two
committees under which it func-
tons. And the parent commit
tees will decide whether to con-
duct hearings, and the extent to
which they may be open.
The State Department has
been asked to supply a detailed
chronological statement together
with classified and unclassified
kilograms, memoranda and other'
papers bearing on events lead
ing up to last years invasion of
Egyptian territory by Israel,
Britain and France.
The administration has taken
the position that exchanges of
correspondence with heads Of
state will not be included.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-20

Because the Commissioners decision
to recommend income tax exemption for
social security and certain other dement's
was tied to the disclosure Of unexpected
tax revenues this year, there may be a
tendency to regard the exemption move
as sort of bonus" proposition. But the
Smith bill which the Commissioners will
support is not bonus" legislation by any
stretch of the imagination. 1t is meas
ure to grant equity to District recipients
Of social security payments and to the
blind and to persons over 65-in line with
policy and practice not only Of the Federal
Government but Of most Of the States.
It is inconceivable that Congress in
tended to discriminate against District
citizens in the matter Of taxing social
security dement's and in not allowing in
creased income tax exemptions for the
law does not specifically exempt these
persons from the District income tax, Dis
trict legal authorities have ruled that no
exemptions can be made without an act of
Congress. (The Federal Government
granted the exemption for social security
payments by administrative ruling, al
though the Federal law, too, contained
no specific authority
Why the Commissioners have waited
so long to correct the injustice to District
citizens Is hard to understand. The bene-
1iciaries Of the plan are entitled to equit-
able treatment, whether or not the Dis
trict finds itself blessed with misnamed
"windfall" In income taxes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-20
WSTAS IN SCIENCE
Estimate of Satellites Lifetime
By THOMAS R. HENRY

The 20-pound man-made
earth satellite which will be
launched from Florida this
summer as part Of the Inter-
national Geophysical Year pro-
gram may continue to circle
around this planet at q speed
Of about five miles a second
for almost a year.
The lifetime which reason
ably can be expected, however,
is a little more than two weeks.
1t all depends on the orbit in
to which the silvery ball can
be thrown by the 11-ton firing
apparatus now under construc-
ton. At the nearest approach
Of this orbit to the earth Of
800 miles 1t should stay in in
terstellar space for nearly IL
months. At a distance of a
little more than 200 miles, etc.,
closest approach, it should have
a lifetime Of from two weeks to
a month. If its closest APP
proach were 100 miles it could
not make a single trip around
the earth.
AS its speed is slowed down
by the friction of the extreme
ly thin atmosphere Of the
earth's so-called "exosphere"
it is bound to fall eventually
and. like a shooting star, it will
be burned to ashes at some
very great altitude.
Launching Precautions
This is revealed by DR..
Homer E. Newell, jr.. Of the
Naval Research Laboratory
which is charged with the
construction of the satellite
and projecting apparatus. The
ideal would be to launch the
ball into space at an altitude
of about 300 miles about TOO
miles southeastward to the
Florida air base. This direc-
ton has been chosen both to
take advantage of the rota-
ton of the earth and to
guard against any casualties
if something goes wrong and
some part of the three-stage
rocket apparatus falls to
earth. With this arrange
ment it would be certain to
fall over the sea where no.
body would be hurt.
AS 1t moves 1t will record
and store information until 1t
crosses one of the radio re-
ceiving stations set up on the
surface Of the earth. then the
accumulated data will be au-
tomatically transmitted with
previously arranged codes.
Power for the transmission
will be supplied by conven-
tional batteries incorporated
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-20
Rocket HEARINGS

Mayor Terry Schrunk Of
Portland, Greg. who had some
rough days before the Me-
Clellan committee. expressed
the hope on arrival home that
good would come out Of 1t all. :"
So say all Of US.
That economic evolution is
looming and Is necessary. is
apparent to the country. The
Senate hearings are food
lighting fetid situations that
can and will be cleared by our
executive. legislative and judi
cial processes.
Now Is the time for all good
men and women to come to the
aid Of the inevitable reforma-
ton that is taking place, so
that We may emerge from our
recent great advance forward
without the penalty Of q
depression.
Already there are signs that
both labor and management
are laying shoulder to the task.
Senators and Congressmen are
giving their best in, the same
direction. President Essen
hover. who. by standing for q
second term. showed he was
willing to give "the last full
measure Of devotion" is doing
just that. backed by an over
whelming majority Of our
people.
Last but not least. our courts
are holding the scales Of JUS
tice with an even hand. above
politics. above selfishness. above
hysteria and giving to our Ma
ton the stability that has
worked our survival and our
greatness through stress and
trials heavier than those we
now face.
As for the Transfers union
whose name only is obsolete.
its opportunities for service to
America In peace and war and
to its own membership are
great indeed.
Airplane pilots. their crews
and chauffeurs driving heavy
trucks laden with food and
merchandise have taken the
place Of "teamsters." Why not
change the name to pilots.
Chauffeurs. Warehousemen and
Helpers" and educate the pub
lie as to the army Of vigorous
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-20

in the rocket. This certainly
will last as long as the satel-
lite Is expected to stay aloft.
1t probably will not COM
pletely escape from bare traces
Of the earth's atmosphere, but
at about 200 miles the density
is only about 100-billionth that
at the earth's surface. This is
illustrated by DR.. Newell with
the observation that at sea
level atmosphere molecules
bump into each other about
5 billion times a second COM
pared to once a second at 200
kilometers. At the surface the
molecule has a mean, free path
Of about q 300.000th of an
inch. At great attitudes this
is heightened to l.000th of an
inch.
In the extreme upper at
mosphere it is extremely hot
heat being considered as the
speed Of molecule movement
activated by the suns radia-
ton. It may be even hotter
in direct sunlight above the
atmosphere where there is no
shielding blanket of any kind.
Rocket Tests Planned
But this presumably will
affect only the side turned to-
ward the sun. The other side
will be heated only by radia-
ton Of the earth itself, about
-70C. One major endeavor
will be to learn more about
this earth radiation as it
escapes into outer space.
Closely associated with the
satellite program, designed for
relatively long-term observa-
tons, is the rocket program
Tor observations that can be
completed in a few seconds.
Hundreds Of these rockets will
be fired from White Sands,
N. Mex; Fort Churchill in
Northern Canada, and in the
Arctic, Antarctic and Pacific.
These rockets will probe the
layer Of deadly gas, the So
called ozone layer. at q height
of about 20 miles, through
which any future space voy.
age must pass. They will de-
termine the depths in the
earth's atmosphere penetrated
by various wavelengths Of the
suns radiation. They will
probe the region Of the
mother-of-pearl clouds, high
est Of all visible clouds, which
are believed due to extremely
fine ice particles in the upper
atmosphere. and the necti-
lucent clouds. seen only at
twilight. which probably are
due to dust particles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-20
BeIeoguered President

We suppose that Lyndon johnson, In
rising to rebuke the President for pre-
Stunning to advise" the Congress as to
how it should operate, was doing what
comes naturally for leader of the polit-
ical opposition. He could hardly have
been serious and very few people will take
him seriously.
Congress, of course, will set its own
pace and determine its own work load
heavy or light. But the President, when
his legislative program is getting the do
nothing treatment, has both a right and
a duty to speak out against congressional
stalling. II Mr.. Eisenhower is properly
subject to criticism for anything, it is for
being too restrained, not too vigorous, in
his protest.
At the same time, the President GER
tainly is not justified in suggesting, as
he did in his message to the Midwest
Republican leaders, that his program is
laundering on the rocks of Democrats
opposition.
In the message, Mr.. Eisenhower re-
stated the high points of his legislative
program and said: ITO date, this program
has made little progress in the Congress.
Unless that body begins to act on 1t soon,
the country and our people will be the
poorer" Then he pointed out that the
Democrats have been in control Of Con-
greSs, and added that what we need is a
Republican majority in both houses next
year.
The fact is, however, that some of
the most stubborn and unyielding opposi.
ton to various features of the Eisenhower
program is coming from such G. o. p.
stalwarts as Senators Knowland, Bridges,
Capehart and Bricker. One needs to be
blessed with sturdy optimism to suppose
that the Eisenhower program would be
faring any better If these gentlemen were
calling the signals on Capitol Hill. The
President undoubtedly knows this as well
as the next man, but he, too, is bound
by the traditional rules of the political
game and has to pitch his public state
ments accordingly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-20
Fifth Amendment Farce

If the Mcclellan Committees hear
ings do nothing else, they may bring some
realistic judicial definition Of the circum-
stances under which q witness may prop
erly invoke the Fifth Amendment.
There was q time when judges held
that the amendment could not be invoked
unless there was reasonable ground for
a belief that truthful answer to a ques-
ton might actually tend to incriminate.
Over the years, however, the courts have
become increasingly tolerant Of refusals
to answer, and as a result 1t Is difncult
to know Just where the privilege begins
and ends.
The problem is not simple one. For
q witness, by answering given question,
may open up line of inquiry and thereby
lose or waive his constitutional protection.
But Dave Beck and some Of his friends
are carrying this to ridiculous extremes.
1t Is hard to believe, for example, that
the courts are going to hold that witness
may properly refuse to give his name and
address, or to say whether he knows his
own son or his own attorney. This sort
Of thing makes a mockery Of the Fifth
Amendment, and II it is tolerated the
time is coming when the public will look
upon the amendment and the important
safeguard which it embodies with con-
tempt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-20
Aviation Grows Up

The Curtis report on reorganization
Of Federal aviation facilities is designed
to cope with the fact that the growth
Of aviation, both civil and military, has
outpaced the Governments program of
control. The rapid increase in air travel
and in military air developments has
overtaxed existing facilities for allotting
air space, regulating flights, preventing
accidents and generally insuring the
orderly progress of air transportation in
this country The recommendations for
meeting these problems made to the
President by his special aviation assistant,
Edward P. Curtis, are drastic in some
respects-but the situation undoubtedly
calls for drastic action.
Mr.. Curtis, in an interim report, had
urged a sweeping modernization of air.
trafflc-control facilities, now outmoded
by today's growing fleet Of huge trans
port aircraft and soon to be augmented
by Jet airliners. His final report proposes
a two-stage improvement program for
American aviation, the first to consist
of immediate air-trafflc-control reforms
under a temporary Anyways Moderniza-
ton Board and the second stage to involve
creation of permanent overall aviation
authority to coordinate and develop civil
and military use Of the air space.
The Always Modernization Board,
as its name implies, would be concerned
chiefly with bringing today's Always up
to date, providing additional Always and
equipping them with adequate facilities
and stan to handle travel requirements
and avert accidents. The board would
be supplemented by presidential adviser,
part of whose duty would be to work for
establishment Of a permanent civil mill
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-20

tary air agency. The new Federal Aviation
Agency would consolidate all Government
aviation activities dealing with air-space
control, air safety and development of
air transportation. Since military air
traf1c is competing with civilian aircraft
for use of the airways, the Curtis report
logically suggests that military as well
as civilian members be appointed to the
agency. The whole program merits early
hearings and study by committees of
Congress, for legislation would be re-
quired to effect most of the changes
recommended.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-20
Panama Canal
rogressive Traditionalist.

In It's issue Of May 8, The
Star quotes the editor Of the
Saturday Review to the effect
that the United States should
offer to give up control Of the
Panama Canal and place It in
the hands Of the United Ma
tons; after which the United
States should have all "prin-
cipal international waterways
placed under the juris-
diction and operation Of the
United Nations"
The control of the Panama
Canal by the United States is
not, has never been and will
never be so long as the United
States retains It's sovereignty.
any Of the business Of the
United Nations. / have seen It
stated that during the connec-
ton OF Alger Hiss with the
State Department. a report to
that department Of operations
In Panama by the United
States was turned over by him
to the U. N. I suggest that
steps be taken to require the
return Of that report.
Not . Oneworlder.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-20
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

labelled Special" just as the
one in our yard is.
80
Brother Rat has his counter
part in Jimmie. and no doubt
in many another place where
kindness to animals really
works.
We do ourselves less than
justice, some think, when we
draw up our bars and bans too
tightly. They are very likely
to spill over where we do not
want them.
Jimmie. the rat, is great ct
tunneling.
He has even come up the
middle Of the garage. though
what we thought to be 1 inches
Of concrete. but which he
proved to be exactly 2 inches.
Jimmie never seemed to
make much use Of his garage
floor work. except to create
a mess and let water seep UP.
but, Of course, he knows Moth
ing about that.
He is busy in the cold Of
winter and the heat of summer
getting himself q living.
Since most human beings
are busy in exactly the same
way. they ought to be able to
sympathize with Jimmie, alias
Brother Rat.
II they do, we feel sure. they
have the best Of it.
This age has done one thing
for us, despite things 1t has
done against us.
It has made it as plain a.
daylight that the world cam
not 60 on as it has been, fuss
ing and Tuning and fighting.
The ultimate weapons are
now being stocked for the
great showdown, and If We
do not learn how not to use
them, we are going to wreck,
once and for all. the good
things mankind has managed
to do in all time before.
The time has come.
We must either think our
way out. or fight our way out.
and there can be no doubt any
longer what the latter means.
II. with all our thinking. we
cannot include love to liv-
ing things. with a generous
amount of what Schweitzer
calls reverence for life. then
we are all sunk, and it will
serve us right.
Not all of usl
Jimmie. and Brother Rat,
and . few others. win be pok-
ing their noses out Of their
holes, where we have forced
them to live for centuries.
Living underground Is easy
for q rat!
Men ought to think twice,
before they try 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-20
BETHESDA, Nd.

Dear Sir:
Il have been feeding both
birds and squirrels outside our
dining room window ever since
we moved into this community
neauly IS years ago.
Birds. squirrels and chip
hunks eat peaceabiy together.
Even an aged rat, whom we
call Brother Rat. came each
/. morning for awhile at feeding
/. time and enjoyed his repsst,
interested only in his breakfast
AS were all the others.
Il am glad you show no
enthusiasm for squirrel-proof
feeding stations. The birds
are beautiful and enchanting;
but the squirrels, running up
and down the branches Of the
hemlocks near the window,
swinging about with monkey
like antics, peering through
the easements with their
bright. little eyes while press
ing with tiny paws their fat
stomachs TO show how much
they want their sunfiower
seeds, are sources of never
ending entertainment.
Long live the squirrels!
Sincerely yours. r. w. D."
There is an old rat living
IL. our yard, too.
He is about 10 years old, If
We can believe our eyes.
He comes out mostly in the
evening, to sample the mixed
seeds and grains in the bird
feeder.
His color Is almost red, and
his disposition golden, that is,
he minds his own business.
His home is under the ga
rage, in one corner Of which
he has gnawed O very fine hole.
The term rat race" must
be based on the peculiar pace
Of these capable rodents, uni
versally despised, sometimes
admired.
It is perhaps best to be
secret in ones ordinary every
day admirations. There are
many wholly admirable things
about which one had better
keep silent. and there are
certain prejudices Of mankind
with which it is not best to
tangle.
Death to all rats" is one
Of these slogans.
One has but to think back
to the histories Of the great
plaques to understand that
there is much worth in the
slogan.
No sensible person would
dispute the role the rat has
played In human history
But ut the same time. there
are rats and rats, and the one
in our correspondents yard is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-20
Our Foreign Policy

Recently. Presidents EiSen-
hover and Ngo Dinh Diem de-
clared that Communism isn't
neutral, therefore we can't
be neutral" Mr.. Diem, as
the foremost anti Communist
statesman in Asia, is obviously
sincere. but one wonders when
Senators Knowl9nd and.
Bridges are oficially rebuffed
by the White House for their
stand against Soviet dictators
Josip Broz Tito In Yugoslavia
and Wladyslaw Gomulka In
Poland. Are these two exam
pies Of so-called independent"
communism exceptions to the
rule. or has the definitive bar
rier between stable morality
and despotism In any form
been 80 CLOSED over by agnos-
tic modernism. that even the
executive branch Of the most
responsible nation on earth is
tainted?. We have seen what
irreparable damage has been
caused by our recognition of
the Bolshevik regime in Rus
STA: is there any point in ma
terially aiding the compatriots
Of these Machiavellian savages
who have wreaked inestimable
havoc upon civilization! Ac-
cording to the latest State
Department releases, the aid
to Tito and Gomulka is "justi-
ned" by their defiance" to the
Kremlin: yet we have read in
the "Giornale d1talia" Of June
2. 1855. Of increased anti
Western. Philo-Soviet, develop
ments in Yugoslavia and in
the "Borba." Tito's Official
mouthpiece, Of his condemna-
ton Of the Hungarian "fascists
and counter revolutionaries"
for their attempt to "subvert
Socialist progress" The U. N.
High Commissioners for Refu-
gees last year reported the
widespread existence Of con-
centration camps for the in
generation of Iron Curtain
refugees in Yugoslavia and the
atrocities practiced in. the
"Croatian Buchenwald," Che
rovo in the province Of Gorski
Kotar. where bourgeois reac-
tionaries" or those in favor of
Western-style democracy are
held. In Poland. we have seen
the present regime wining and
dining Messrs. Voroshilov and
Mao Tse-Tung. while at the
same time suppressing the
riots near Warsaw against the
Socialist dictatorship Of the
proletariat."
II what the two Presidents
proclaim so eloquently is true,
then why do we openly con-
tradict ourselves by comfort
ing these would-be double
crossers to the. tune Of count
less millions Of dollars at the
expense Of John @. Public? In
the event Of q war with the
Soviet bloc. 1t is only common
sense that Tito and Gomulka
would desert the allies, for.
were We to defeat the Soviets.
then they would be surrounded
on all sides by free nations and
wouldn't stand q chance of
survival in such q hostile at
mosphere.
Progressive Traditionalist.