davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1957-04-30
$40 Million Gamble

nothing could serve better to Illus
trate the touch-and-go character of
Middle East diplomacy in these times
than the $40 million grant to Jordan for
economic" aid.
This money, 1t is said, will not come
out Of the funds authorized under the
Eisenhower Mideast doctrine. For King
HuSSein, walking political tightrope in
his strife-ridden country, is not prepared
even to discuss that kind of help from
the United States. Evidently, however,
he will accept the $40 million provided
1t is offered Internationally and does not
interfere in any way with our freedom,
sovereignty and independence
We are prepared to accept these con-
ditions and toss the $40 million into the
pot, presumably because we realize that
King HuSsein, whatever his real feelings
may be, has to say things like this or
risk handing his enemies potent propa-
ganda weapon which they could and
would use against him. Whether the
gamble is worthwhile, from our point of
view, remains to be seen. Jordan is an
artificial state which cannot exist with
out being subsidized from some source.
The money used to come from the Brit
ish before they were pushed out. Now
the financial burden is passing to King
Saud Of Saudi Arabia and to the United
States. Whether this burden is one
which can wisely be carried for an indefi-
mite period Of time Is doubtful. But in
the short run, at least, 1t should be to our
advantage to help the Communist
young King II he can maintain his pre-
carious hold on the Jordanian govern
ment.
Some support for this belief can be
found in the shrill reaction from Mos
COW. The Russians are decrying this inn
perialiStic plot to make the American
billionaires" the bosses of the Near and
Middle East, Ito put again the yoke of
colonial pressure on the Arab peoples and
rob them of their wealth." What they
really mean Is that King HuSsein's firm
stand and the seemingly determined sup
port Of the United States have hurt the
Communist position in the Arab world.
Hence the loud blast on the propaganda
trumpet, which has appealed to Arab SEN
timents in the past and which, the Rus
slams hope, will work once again.
We must counter this, If we can, by
discreet diplomacy conducted with that
free hand which some members of Con-
gress wanted to deny the administration
when the Eisenhower doctrine was un-
der consideration. For to the extent
that the position of Jordan, Iraq and
Saudi Arabia can be strengthened, and
the ambitions of Egypt and Syria curbed,
the danger of war will be minimized. This
may not pay any direct benefits to the
United States, but we most certainly will
benefit indirectly If peace can be MAIN
tained and relatively friendly govern
ments kept in power in the Middle East.
Evening star., 1957-04-30
Humone Slouohter

I. too. have been troubled
about the inhumane manner
in which livestock is slaugh-
tered. In fact, since going
through the large meat-pack-
ing plants in Chicago, I have
been haunted by the senseless
and cruel stupidity behind the
methods of killing animals
used in these plants. I am sure
that if every decent American
took the time and trouble TO
make a similar tour. he too
would be up in arms against
such inhumanity and demand
that humane laws regulating
the slaughter Of animals be
put into effect Immediately.
In my opinion, the fate Of
livestock is no different from
that Of the animals described
in Upton Sinclair's The Jungle.
Since that book was written
Pure Food Laws have pro-
tected the consumer Of meat
products. and the unions have
protected the workers In meat
packing plants, but no one has
done anything to alleviate the
intolerable conditions under
which animals are slaughtered
In these same plants. These
practices are an ugly blot on
the American scene. Surely II
Americans consider them
selves truly civilized. they will
do all in their power to see
that every meat-packing in
dustry in the United States is
compelled. by law, to do that
which the HORNED and Kingan
meat-packing plants did vol
unfairly.
Mark Twain said that the
greatest sin OF all is to cause
needless suffering. We Ameri-
cans are Mortified by the in
humanity of certain foreign
countries. Can we afford to be
less Mortified by the inhuman-
ity practiced in our own coun-
tryP We may not be able to
alleviate the suffering Of peo-
pie In other countries but we,
personally. can do something
about reducing the overall
picture Of needless suffering
and agony In this country by
demanding Of our officials that
Evening star., 1957-04-30
Gentlemen, Can You Spare SAT MiIIion?'
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Representative William Daw-
sons Compulsory Humane
Slaughter Bill" be passed i'm
mediately.
American citizens should
also be aware Of the fact that
Senator Arthur Watkins has
initiated a bill calling for q
study. by the Department Of
Agriculture. Of the present
methods Of slaughter Of ami
mails. Such a study will cost
the taxpayer money and will
not do anything more positive
than producing a volume of
statistics which will not help
the animals involved. We need
a law with teeth in 1t. It
seems to me that no decent
American needs to be urged to
write his CongresSmen, the
President. and the Department
Of Agriculture to see that Rep.
Dawson's bill is the one we
Americans demand.
Therese Ann Olson.
Evening star., 1957-04-30

Every time / use Washing
ton Airport I wonder If a
couple of plane loads of
humans one day must be sac
rificed in some grisly air COL
lision before an angry public
will rise up to force action on
an additional airport.
Can anyone remember how
many long years have gone by
since the even then existing
need for another airport was
first discussed? Through those
years. while officials have
talked and argued, the situa-
ton has become acute. 1t has
been pointed out repeatedly
that air congestion over this
area presents a continuously
increasing invitation to dis
aster.
Even in this step-child town
there must be some one high
enough in authority to crack
the whip and compel imme-
diate action toward ta) stop
ping the conversation tb) set
ting upon a definite site tc)
preparing the necessary A.
nancing and building plans
and Id getting on with the
Job.
Frank Elliott.
Evening star., 1957-04-30

months ago. Herr Won Breil-
tano, the West German For.
eign Minister. limited that
though frontier adjustments
would be sought the likelihood
Of recovering all the territory
was small.
Meanwhile Polish settlers,
largely from the provinces
taken by Russia, have been
filling up the west country so
that. taking the high rate Of
natural Polish population
growth, the time is approach.
ing when there will be q
Polish inhabitant for every
former German.
Want to Hold Territory
I have never met q Pole, In
or out Of Poland, who would
dream Of relinquishing what
is now called the recovered"
territory. They claim that it
was originally Polish. OF
course, if one goes back far
enough into European history,
almost anyone can claim any
thing.
But If Poles have reasons to
distrust the Russians, they
have equally pregnant reasons
for fearing the Germans, and
their eastern frontiers are not
threatened while a friendly re-
lationship exists with Russia.
And as long as there is a
strong irredentist movement
in West Germany, the Poles
have reasons, inherent in his
toric experiences, to fear a re-
vival Of claims from a rearmed
Germany.
That fear, apart from all
other considerations, will keep
them In a military alliance
with Russia. Some months ago
a friend showed me a letter
she had received from Polish
lady aristocrat, a member of
one Of the most ancient Polish
families, who lives in Poland
and certainly has no love for
communism or Russians. But
she wrote, 1--WE cannot sever
our alliance with Russia. If we
do the Germans, sooner or
later. will be back in Warsaw"
This is another reason why
Poland favors the East German
government and probably has
even less desire than the Rus
slams to see Germany reunited.
The East German government
has accepted the Oder-Neisse
frontiers as permanent. The
West Germans land the West
ern governments) have not.
This situation, which keeps
even anti = Communist Poles
oriented toward Russia, also
permits Russia to grant Poland
a little more internal freedom
than other satellites enjoy, be-
cause Polish national realism
counsels against a break.
Evening star., 1957-04-30

tain. and shall continue TO
maintain that the rights,
power. and authority men,
toned in clause III are limited
exclusively to the specific pur-
poses-the construction, main
tenance. operation, sanitation,
and protection of the Canal
definitely spelled out in clause
II OF the treaty. Otherwise
the purposes would not have
been carefully enumerated; /;
instead. there would have been
a simple and categoric trans
fer Of sovereignty. We have
maintained. we still maintain.
and We shall continue to
maintain that the United
States. because 1t must re-
strict itself solely to those pur-
poses. cannot carry on in the
Canal Zone activities of any
other kind than those relating
to the construction, mainte-
nance, operation, sanitation,
and protection Of the canal
installations. And we have
maintained. sim maintain and
shall continue to maintain
that. because we enjoy sover-
eign rights over the Canal
Zone and have granted the
United States only a restricted
jurisdiction for certain specific
purposes. the United States
could not, under any circum-
stances. sell. transfer. or lease
that territory as If it enjoyed
the rights Of sovereignty over
1t.
Ricardo NJ. Arias z.
Ambassador of Panama.
Evening star., 1957-04-30
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Z HASKIN SERVICE
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE
A u
3


growth. The surface of the
bell-shaped cap splits into
scales as it natures, resulting
in a fringed cap which some-
what resembles a wig.
@. What was the first aboli-
tion society in this country
O.D.
A. Formed April IA. ITS, at
Philadelphia. Pa, this was
named The Society for the
Relief Of Free Negroes Unlaw-
fully Held in Bondage" In
1889 1t was incorporated, after
previous reorganization, as
Pennsylvania Society for Pro-
noting the Abolition Of Slavery
for the Relief Of Free Negroes
Unlawfully Held in Bondage
and for Improving the Condl-
ton Of the African Race"
Evening star., 1957-04-30
Our Easter Egg

MY vile ana i nave LnOr-
oughly enjoyed living in this
area for six years. as it offers
places and events Of interest
to see too numerous to men,
ton. Last year. we enjoyed the
Easter services at Walter Reed
Hospital, but. due to the varied
selections. we decided to try
some place different this
Easter.
On April 10 and 20, The
Star listed the various sunrise
services which the public could
attend on Easter Sunday.
Among the listings was the
Arlington National Memorial
cemetery service at 7:30 am.
The lists gave the name Of the
organization conducting the
service. the name of the min
lister, where he was from. and
also stated that a cross of
white roses would be placed on
the Tomb Of the Unknown Sol
dier. The information seemed
quite complete-but was It?
We arrived at the cemetery
a little after 6 am. We noticed
that the Army was doing a
wonderful job Of directing
traffic and getting cars parked,
even for that early in the
morning. After not too long a
walk. we reached the amphi-
theater and observed that a
line had started to form, but
when we saw people going in
and the line not moving, we
began to wonder what it was
all about. Finally we left the
line and walked to the en-
trance. where we learned that
only people who held tickets
were being admitted. Bus after
bus arrived loaded with people
holding tickets.
Why had the newspaper neg
lected to inform the public
that they would not be ad-
mitted without a ticket?
We stood there for an hour
watching the Amphitheater fill
UP with ticket holders and
gradually we began to realize
that by 1880 1t would be too
crowded to get inside. It was
a beautiful morning but COM
pletely void as far as early
morning services were con-
cerned. After deciding to give
up and 90 home we realized
what a wasted effort it had
been---or was It? We had
breakfast. a short nap. and
were a little early (the first
time in many a week. for the
services conducted at our own
church.
Robert w. Magley.
Evening star., 1957-04-30

1t is always good to make q
formal list of a writer one ad-
mires.
Some people have many such
lists in their desk.
The drawing up of such q
list will concentrate ones
memories. at least, on the
writer. if it does not finally
spur one on to seek and read
all the books.
This is a form of subtle adj
miration we all may give to q
good writer.
We know one man who listed
the works of George Washing
ton and Benjamin Franklin.
Jefferson, too, he puts down.
The point is, as far as we
can determine, not that he
will ever seek out their pub
lished collections.
He simply likes to array
them before him, now and
then. to pay their memory. If
not their works. a silent trib-
ute.
Van Wyck Brooks did this,
IN q sense. in his five fine
books upon the American lit
erary scene.
One need not agree wholly
with his judgments to appre-
ciate the splendor of his
achievement.
1t is possible, and highly
profitable. for the everyday
reader to make his own lists,
as he goes along, and make I'D
his own judgments.
Ancient poets make a fine
subject for this treatment.
1t is an amazing list which
may be collected of Alexander
Pope, for instance. Edgar
Allan Poe has been collected
so many times that a COM
plete set is always available.
Readers do not buy sets of
authors much any more and
that is the reason many fine
ones go a-begging in book
stores. 1t is the booklover's
opportunity.
One of the best introduce
tions to the work of Villa
Gather is a paperback put out
recently by Doubleday Anchor
books.
It contains five short stories
by this writer. each a gem of
its kind, one Of them telling of
a typical "run-around" given in
a Government department to
an invader from the West.
The mystery of a great
writer will always be a mys-
terry. no matter how much one
studies it or how much talent
he brings to the study.
Evening star., 1957-04-30
ON THE RECORD
Polish Leaning Toward Soviet Cited
BY DOROTHY THOMPSON

In the discussions about
Poland. its chances for greater
independence and freedom, its
relations with the Soviets, and
the advisability Of an Ameri-
can loan. I notice that one
thing land that the most
pertinent) is rarely mentioned.
OF all the East European
states. Poland's military de-
pendency on Russia is the
greatest. It Is inconceivable
that Poland-no matter what
government might be in power
will ever sever her military
alliance with Russia unless or
until the matter of her west
ern frontiers Is settled with
Germany.
After the last war Poland
was forced to relinquish con-
siderable territory in the east
to Russia and was compen-
sated by German territory In
the west. The Germans were
forced to leave and their exit
was accepted in principle by
the Potsdam agreement be-
tween Russia and the Western
allies. Nevertheless, the from
tiers, drawn at the Oder
Neisse Rivers, were not finally
settled but left to a peace
treaty - that has never been
concluded.
The Disp0ssessed Look Back
The Germans, thus dispos-
sessed Of homes they and their
ancestors had occupied for
centuries, have been settled in
West Germany. a feat made
possible only by West Ger
many's fantastic economic re-
covery. It's accomplishment is,
I think. without parallel in
history. Chiefly from the ter
ritories occupied by Poland.
but augmented by Sudeten
Germans forced to leave
Czechoslovakia, and by smaller
n u m bers from Yugoslavia.
these East Germans number 10
million, or one-f1fth of the
total population Of the Ger
man Federal Republic. Except
for the old. sick, or otherwise
unemployable who are on
relief, they have all been alb
sorbed in the economy. But
they have never accepted as
permanent the annexation of
their home provinces by Po-
land.
Although there are Germans
land I suspect Chancellor
Adenauer among them) who
accept the loss as the result Of
a war that Germany launched
and lost, the Union Of the
Dispossessed" Is a political
party that no coalition dares
forthrightly oppose. There was
an immediate outcry when.
Evening star., 1957-04-30
Pondmo's View

In the April "a edition Of
The Star. Earl H. Voss. one OF
your staff correspondents,
wrote a long article in which
there are a number Of mis-
statements. And I am asking
the generous hospitality Of
your columns to correct. not
all the errors into which Mr..
Voss has fallen, but two Of
fundamental importance.
One of the two errors is the
statement that the Republic
Of Panama has been stimulated
by Egypt's performance at
Suez to try to obtain benefits
from the Panama Canal. one
of which Is an increase in the
annual payments made by the
United States to the Republic
Of Panama. But neither the
government nor the people
have ever needed the example
Of any other country to claim.
as Panama has always claimed
with friendly firmnesS. what we
consider an indisputable right
of our republic. More than
20 years ago. in the first clause
Of the general treaty con-
cluded between Panama and
the United States on March
2, 1886. the two contracting
parties expressly mentioned
"the full and perpetual en-
joyment Of the benefits Of all
kinds which the canal should
afford the two nations that
made possible It's construc-
ton. = That principle. Of
ficially recognized by the
United States of America, later
led Presidents Remon and
Eisenhower to make. in the
Treaty Of Mutual Understand
ing and Cooperation signed on
January rs. 1855, q readjust-
ment Of some Of the benefits
that Panama has been claim
ing. AS part Of that readjust-
ment, the amount that the
United States annually pays
the Republic Of Panama was
increased TO $l,930,000. But
Panama has presented no de-
mands. nor will she present
any in the future. on the basis
OF what Egypt or any other
country has asked or obtained.
The other basic error in the
statements made by your cor
respondent is the assertion
that the Republic OF Panama
is now presenting. as some
thing new. the thesis Of It's
sovereignty over the Canal
Zone. But this thesis has been
consistently and emphatically
maintained by Panama since
August. 1904. when we sent
our first official note TO the
United States Department of
State. expressing the Pana-
manian point OF view with re-
spect to the treaty OF No
vember 10. 1903, in which
permission TO build the canal
was granted. We maintained
then. we still maintain, and
we shall continue TO maintain
year after year that the state
ment In Article III OF the
aforesaid treaty OF November
10. 1908. quoted by Mr.. Voss
namely. that the United
States has all the rights, pow
er, and authority within the
zone that the United States
would possess and exercise II
1t were the sovereign OF that
territory - cannot be inter-
preted separately from and
out Of context with the Other
clauses Of the treaty. We
have maintained, still main
Evening star., 1957-04-30

@. What is the Norwegian
holiday which is called sgt
tende Mai"?--L. d.
A. Syttende Mai is May II,
Norway's Constitution Day
and a national holiday. 1t
commentaries the signing, in
1914. Of Norway's basic law at
the assembly Of elected rep
resentatives Of the people
which met at Eidsvold from
April 10 to May II, and signed
and approved a free and dem
ocratic constitution.
@. What mushroom is nick
named lawyers wig2"-D. c.
A. An edible mushroom, Co
prinus comatus. the Shaggy
Ink Cap, is sometimes called
the lawyers wig or shaggy
name because Of It's habit Of
Evening star., 1957-04-30
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRAcEWELL

One Of the fine points of
making notes is that one al
ways puts them away some
place and then forgets all
about them.
1t is a pleasure. in the days
to come, maybe months later,
perhaps years. to run across
them again.
One such piece Of paper.
stuffed into a desk drawer,
contained a list of the books of
Villa Gather. that great
writer, q favorite Of so many.
All of the following were
published by Alfred A. Knopf.
It is plain pleasure to read
over the list:
"Alexander's Bridge" (1912.)
20 Pioneers!" (19l3.)
"The Song Of the Lark. I"
Q9l5)
My Antonia." (i918.)
"One Of Ours" d922)
"A Lost Lady" Q923)
THE Professors House. /"
Q925)
MY Mortal Enemy" (l926.)
Death Comes for the Arch
bishop" (l9270
Shadows on the Rock" !"
Q93lD
Lucy Gayheart." d935.)
"Sapphira and the Slave
Girl" (l940)
In addition. the notation
contained the following books:
Youth and the Bright
Medusa." (Stories.)
bscure Destinies.
tStories)
April Twilight" (Poems.0
mot Under Forty" Liter
ary studies.)
All of these books. We feel
sure. will bring back memories
to many.
They included some of the
best-known titles of the now
famous '20s. sometimes called
the roaring '20s.
Reaching a peak with
"Deathe Comes for the Arch
bishop" in 1927, most of these
titles are as we'll known as any
titles in Americas literary his
tory.
Most Of us could do a great
deal worse than to start COL
lecting them. one by one. and
reading them II we have not,
as the reader here.
Probably most Of them can
still be found in secondhand
places. or can be ordered from
the publisher.
Here was a sincere artist
with words. a fine personality
who arose above the regional
title to a sure place in literary
history.
Evening star., 1957-04-30

situation to his government" Mr.. Thomp-
son has demonstrated his competence,
particularly in Russian-American affairs,
and he is likely to send some correct
estimates" from Moscow to washington
whether or not they all please Mr..
Khrushchev.
Evening star., 1957-04-30
A Wondrous Thing

Sometimes I am a child again
And match IN 0rdpc delight,
Golden fo,Der cups unJuri
Their petals 10 the hoht.
4 build a castle IN a tree,
All tdpeStried a fragrant green.
And rule a host OF little clues
That only children see.
Again I am. NTH sdnd-ciean
feet.
A noble ocean king,
StroLtnO on a sun. mashed
strand
To hear the mermdids sting.
Sometimes the Dorld Is new
again
10 Is a iDondrous thing.
cloirs R. Warren
Evening star., 1957-04-30

Pen names may be used "
letters carry Uriters correct
names and addresses. Au
letters are subject to conden-
sGtton.
The people's voice., 1957-10-18
United Nations Duy--a Day Of Hope

United Nations is forum Never before have
spokesman for all men been able to speak and debate
in the forum Often their opinions are various
for himself is various On other occasions their
opinions are al-but-unanimous- when delegates
condemned aggression in Korea in the Middle East
and in Hungary.
y... No yet knows how effective mans opinion
be. We do know that it restored peace in the
Middle East Not United Nations Emergency Force,
but the opinion of keeps armies in check there
today That little band of volunteers from the smaller
nations is but symbol of the worlds sturdy will to
peace
World opinion modified through United Nations,
has condemned the Russian rulers for their invasion
of Hungary and their butchery of the Hungarian
pie True United Nations didn't stop that aggression
Because United Nations modified world opinion
against their aggression, even the Russians may not
try the thing in Poland, for example. No
yet knows but that the united anger of the worlds
people might bring even a swashbuckling dictator to
terms.
Finally United Nations is hope-a hope that
the idea of words snstead-of-weapons grow until
actually becomes impossible 1t is hope that good
deeds spread until mans humanity to builds
a world community of peace. 1t is hope that UNEF
can grow into World Police Force to guard the
borders of tomorrow's Hungarys a symbol of mans
will to peace that nation however powerful would
dare attack 1t is hope for enforceable disarmament
United Nations is a hope that day, out of the
struggles and the partial failures and the gropngs the
people will build structure of world law so man NAV
live again in security and freedom and thereby prove
that the pen and the word and the opinion of mankind
are indeed mighter than the sword and the atomic
bomb.
That this hope may grow-perhaps last hope
United Nations Day is a day to remember