davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-15

parties for President and Vice
President. who now are chosen
at national conventions.
Lower Voting Age
Still another, BY Senator
Dirksen,, Republican Of Illinois.
would lower the voting age to
Is throughout the country. At
present only Georgia and Ken
lucky permit 18-year-olds to
vote.
There is another group Of
constitutional amendments that
have grown out Of recent SUI
preme Court decisions in the
field Of civil rights. One would
bar any interference with the
States in regulating health.
morals. education. marriage or
good order. Others seek to limit
the terms Of Supreme Court
justices.
There has been a growing
demand in recent years to clar-
ify the conditions under which
q Vice President could take
over In the event Of the disa-
bility Of a President. There are
differences Of opinion as to
whether this requires q Con-
stitutional amendment or more
legislation.
Among other perennial Con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-15

Mansfield Of Montana and
Thurmond Of South Carolina,
Democrats.
Abolish Electoral College
Senator Kennedy, Democrat
Of Massachusetts,. also offered
q new amendment on the last
day Of the session, proposing q
more moderate change He
would merely abolish the Elec-
toral College without changing
the number Of electoral votes.
or the Statewide method Of
voting for President and Vice
President.
The Kennedy proposal also
would require the House and
Senate. meeting in Joint ses-
sion. to elect a President when
no candidate gets q majority
Of the electoral votes. At pres
ent the House alone would
pick a President in that
eventuality.
The Bricker amendment, to
curb the treaty-making power
Of the President. and the legis-
lative effect Of treaties as
domestic law. has been the SUBJ
ject Of hearings in this Con-
gress. and probably will be
considered further by the
Judiciary Committee in 1858.
Also pending in the Senate
judiciary Committee Is the
amendment Of Senator Beall.
Republican Of Maryland. to let
Washingtonians vote for Presi-
dent and Vice President by as
signing to the District the
number of electoral votes 1t
would be entitled to II it had
representation in the House
and Senate.
Senator Smathers. Democrat
Of Florida. has a plan to re-
quire a Nationwide primary to
let the voters pick the nomi-
nees Of the major political
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-15

stitutional amendments still
facing this Congress are pro-
posals:
|. To let the President veto
items in an appropriation bill
without killing the whole bill.
2. To place a rs per cent
ceiling on income taxes, except
when three-fourths of both
houses deem a higher rate nee
essary.
3. To prevent unbalanced
budgets by requiring Congress
to raise additional revenue
whenever it appropriates more
than the estimated income Of
the Government.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-15

will fail to make the grade
again in this Congress.
It takes a long time to build
up the two-thirds vote in both
houses required to submit q
Constitutional amendment to
the States for ratification. But
a few Of them have made some
progress in recent years, and
may get further attention dur
ing the 1858 session.
For example. the equal-rights-
for-women amendment was re-
ported out of the Senate Judi
ciary Committee q few days be-
fore adjournment. and will be
on the Senate calendar IN
January. This puts it in a posi-
ton to be debated in the Sem
ate, but it has moved this far
before without passing. The
amendment provid es that
equality Of rights under the
law shall not be denied by the
Federal or State governments.
on account Of sex.
At least five Of the pending
proposals seek to alter the man
ner of electing the President
and Vice President. In 1856
the Senate seriously considered
several Of these changes in the
Electoral College system. and
one proposal mustered q ma
jority Of 48 to 81. But this was
nine shy Of the required two
thirds.
Equal Voter Influence
A bipartisan group Of four
Senators recently drafted new
plan designed primarily to
equalize the influence of the
individual voter in presidential
elections, whether he lives, in
q small or large State.
Under the present system
every voter in New York votes
for As presidential electors.
while the voter in Delaware
votes for only three.
The plan on which hearings
will be sought in January pro-
yides that only the two electors
allotted to each State by rea-
son of their equal representa-
ton in the Senate would be
voted for on a Statewide basis.
The other electors in each
State would be chosen by con-
gresSional districts. Thus each
citizen would vote for only
three electors, whether in a
large or a small State.
The biggest argument for
some change in the Electoral
College is the fact that a can
didate who gets q bare ma
jority Of the popular vote in
q large State gets the entire
block of electoral votes Of that
State. even though nearly half
Of the voters we're for the los
ing candidate.
The sponsors Of this latest
plan are Senators Mundt Of
South Dakota and Smith Of
New Jersey. Republicans. and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-15
Second Session Faces
Constitutional Debates
Jy ]. A. O,LEARY

When Congress returns in January it will hnd on its
list Of unfinished business wide variety Of proposed changes
in the Constitution.
In the Senate JudicarE Committee there are nearly
of such proposals and the House side
most Of them have been around for long probably
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-15
japanese Buying Coo!

TOKYO. Sept. IA R).-Peip-
ing radio reports Is Japanese
firms have contracted to buy
100000 tons Of coal from Red
China.
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1957-09-19
The World OF Nature
By John M. Frazier

wood forest of the east central
region, the longletf pine belt of
the deep south, the prairie of
grassland of the central west, the
tundra of the far north, and the
desert of the southwest.
1t is obvious that each forma-
ton is produced by the climate
of the region and is controlled by
it. Climate determines the boun-
Diary of the areas they occupy
Knowing the characteristics of
the type of vegetation present
tells US the kind of climate. De-
ciduous forests suggest long,
warm summers and winters with
enough cold to freeze the ground.
Grass land suggests not enough
water during summer to support
deciduous forest.
These textbooks discuss only
the vegetation of the land. The
sea produces more plants, more
species, and greater quantity of
plant products per square mile
than does the land.
The formation is composed of
The most highly developed or
climax plant community possible.
1t is the dominant type of plant
that lends color or major charac-
teristics to the landscape. Along
the coastal plants, the longleaf
pine was the dominant tree.
If civilized man were elimin-
ated from the longleaf pine belt
for millennium or two, the long
leaf pine would become dominant
as it was when he first came. Us
ually there are two or more dom
inant species jointly determining
the characteristics of the area.
Every formation is made up Of
two or more subdivisions known
as associations. These associations
are dominated by two or more
species which are part of the DOM
inants of the formations. In the
development stage it is known as
associes.
In the hardwood forests one as
ISOLATION is the oak-hickory eli
max and another is the beech
maple climax. The prairies have
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1957-09-19
PAGE THREE

their dominant types of grass. In
the colder areas two or three spe-
cies are dominant while in warm
er areas two or three entirely diff
ferent species may be dominant.
In the tundra lichens may DOM
mate.
Associations are broken down.
into smaller groups known as con-
sociations. The association may
have as many as ten dominant
plants. Any one of these dom1-
nants may cluster together and
form the consolation. A cluster.
of pure spruce pines in the long
leaf pine belt may make up a
consolation. Consoles is the de-
velopment stage in the consocia-
ton.
In any given area there are.
many plants. The dominants are
the controlling type. There may
be hundreds of other species pres
ent. Some of these may be sub.
dominant forms in small area of
a different habitat as a local
swamp The subdominants, exert
ing local control, constitute the
society. A meadow, white with
daisy fleabane, would be an ex-
ample. There are layer societies
as dogwood trees in the pine for
est or may apples on the floor of
the forest The development or
transitional stage is the socies.
A family is small group of
plants of the same species grow
ing together as cluster of black
eyed susans on the bare shoulder
of a highway. Families may ex-
pand and become colonies.
Through the use of organize
ton units, it is possible to analyze
the structure of plant life and
simplify it.
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1957-09-19
Organization Units of Plants


Plants have been classified by
man into various units. Each unit
has specific characteristics. Like
every other phase of classified
ton, we begin with larger units
which can be clearly recognized.
From. these we pass to smaller
groups, then to still smaller
groups.
We may find parallel to this
type of organization in our polit-
ical organizations of Nations con-
sisting of states, which in ture are
made up of counties. The county
units are divided further into dis
tricts, townships, cities, towns and
villages.
BY developing the concepts of
the various units, we can better
comprehend the social structure
of plant life. BY the use of the
word social. we do not imply an
order individuals choose or make
for themselves as in the case of
certain animals.
1t is quite obvious that plants
live where they are, not as a mat
ter of choice. They are there be-
cause of the combined forces in
their habitat which have acted on
them. The social organization of
plants is created by combinations
of individuals that chance to be
present in a given habitat.
Several textbooks have been
written on plant geology with
such titles as Plant Sociology,
Plants and Environment, Plant
Communities and others In these
books, the authors try to explain
| the cause and effect of factors of
the habitat on plant organization.
There is some variation in h e
names of the units used and def
milton, but they are in fair agree
! ment.
The major units are called for
nations. There are relatively few
types of formations of plant life
on the North American Continent
The obvious formations would be
such areas as the northern ever
green forest, the deciduous hard
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24

John Beharrell. Britain's
youngest-ever national golf
champion says, Dancing is my
other recreation. I rock m
roll" But this is to be expected
of 18-year-olds. even golf
champs.
What is surprising is the
tremendous success of Tommy
Steele. Britain's Elvis Presley,
at London's famed and sophis-
ticated Cafe de Paris. This is
the temple of Noel Coward and
Marlene Dietrich and their ilk.
The restaurant cum night club
had wanted Presley but he'd
asked an impossible price.
Steele. Britain'S Elvis Presley,
draft board to hold off long
enough to let him cash in on
what he believes is his life's
only big chance, was a COM
promise. The queue waiting
to see him is extraordinarily
fashionable. even by Coward
Dietrich standards. The
Countess of Cadogan who
went with her husband to see
him said, Hes so talented.
didn't much like the music
until I heard him. You can
sav he's sold me on rock n
roll" Fifty one year old
Group Capt. Wafer Pickard
declared, Il feel 20 years
younger now" The Lords Suf-
folk. Coventry. Ednam. and
Worsley. and Aristotle Onassis
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24

who's that?" asked the girl.
Bravo" said the Beefeater.
There's at least one sane
Briton left"
London is bubbling with
pride over the planned ward
robe of the Queen and her
ladies for their Paris visit in
April. Norman Hartnell (for
H. M and the London branch
Continued on Page DIS. Col.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24

her seat. This they were
pleased to do until. I'VE were
Mortified when we heard that
we were expected to take part
in cocktail parties and press
receptions. We are old men.
not film stars"
Rock N roll reached its
climax in England with the ar
rival of Bill See You Later
Alligator" Haley. A police
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24

air to night life" But If the
Duke Of Kent and his sister,
Princess Alexandra, love it.
their cousin. Princes Margaret.
who is usually the Kingdoms
fastest on the up-take, has not
yet come out for or against
rock N roll.
Princess Margaret recently
agreed to grace with her pres
ence the charity premiere in
London of "Anastasia." Six
former members of the old
Russian Imperial Guard were
asked by the Princess friends,
Billy Wallace and Judy Mon
tague, to lead her highness to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24

woman was trampled in the
swarm around him at Water
loo Station. 1t was the fifth
anniversary of Elizabeth's
reign and a salute was being
fired from the Tower of Lon,
don. What are you firing
the guns for" asked young
woman visitor of one Of the
Beefeaters. Bill Haley's come
to town." said the Beefeater.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24
.DATELINE PARIS
By BRENDA HELSER

individually declared what
amounts to high praise. Lord
Colwyn went so far as to say,
tits brought a breath Of fresh
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24
SAVE ON UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE
UPTOWN STORE
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Open Mondoy Thru Friday, 9 to 3

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306.00 Century Soto, French Provincial grey
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24

Also save -. on Peerless quoIity bed
room. bedding, dining room suites, tobIes,
lamps, desks and eorpets. CHARGE IT."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24

Also save -. on Peerless quality bed
room, bedding. dining room suites, tobles.
lomps, desks and eorpets. "cHARGE IT."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-12
Wrong Door Raid
Perjury Ruled Out

LOS ANGELES, Mar. IL (R.
The conflict in testimony be-
tween Frank Sinatra and a
private detective about the
wrong door" raid aimed at
Marilyn Monroe is insufficient
to sustain a perjury charge, the
district attorney said yesterday.
William M. McKesSon studied
a summary of testimony week
before last by the crooner and
private investigator Philip Ir-
win before a State legislative
committee investigating detec-
tives and scandal magazines.
Then he said:
There is definitely a bald
conflict in the testimony. But
the transcript falls short in its
present form Of showing the
complete elements of a perjury.
Either there must be the
testimony of another witness
supporting one of the stories or
at least some additional COR
roborating evidence of some
sort"
Mr.. Sinatra told the State
Senators that he sat in his car,
but Mr.. Irwin declared he went
along on the raid.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-12
Poisoning Accidents
Kill $4,000 in Decade

CHICAGo.-Accidental poison
ing has killed some $4,000 Ameri-
cans. including 5000 children,
in the past 10 years.
Ten years ago it was estimated
that every day more than $50
persons became i'll and six died
OF eating or drinking some
poisonous agent. Today the rate
Is ABS nonfatal and three fatal
cases Of poisoning daily.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-12
Chamber Asks
Flexible Rate
On 81 Looms
BY the Associated Press

A spokesman for the United
States Chamber of Commerce to-
day recommended flexible in
terest rates on CT home loans
In a statement prepared for
"a House Subcommittee on Hous-
ing, A. D. Theobald of Peoria,
ILL.,, said flexible rates would
make more money available for
CT home mortgages.
1.-THE so-called tight money
situation has developed because
of competition for loanable
funds" Mr.. Theobald said. He
added that mortgage rates are
higher than those on high-grade
securities because the cost OF
servicing and marketing mort
cages on large numbers of small
units.
Under these circumstances. =
he added. "the Az per cent CELL
ing on the VA mortgages has
acted to limit the demand for
these mortgages relative to that
for other types Of investments. 4"
The Illinois witness opposed
direct Federal housing loans. He
recommended disseminating Fed
eral loans for college housing
and public works. and abolish
ing Federal aid for public works
planning.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-12
Reporters Lawyer
AssuiIs Probers

Counsel for William A. Price,
New York newspaperman, con-
teneded today the Senate Inter-
nal Security Subcommittee called
Price to testify publicly ito EN-
barrass him economically and So
cially."
Mr.. Price, IL, former New York
Daily News reporter, is on trial
in District Court on charges of
contempt of Congress. The
indictment grew out of Mr..
Prices refusal to answer certain
questions, including whether he
had ever been a member of the
Communist Party. Price testi-
fled January 6, 1856, during an
investigation of alleged. Com
munist infiltration of media of
mass communications.
Attorney Harry I. Rand said
during questioning Of j. G. Sour
wine. associate counsel of the
subcommittee, that Identical or
similar" questions put to Mr..
Price at the public session here
were asked him when he testi-
fled behind closed doors in New
York December Z, 1855.
MIR. Rand said the subcom-
mittee had no reason to believe
MIR. Price would give different
answers at a public session. Ac-
cordingly, he said, the commit
tee could hope to get no infor-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-12

Beck's cooperation with the
committee.
Mr.. Kennedy told newsmen
the committee may take up what
he called "the Dave Beck situa-
ton" at the conclusion of the
Portland hearings this week.
Earlier plans had been for hear
lings on situations in New York
land Scranton. Pa.
Sees Political Action
Mr.. Beck told the Seattle POST
Intelligencer in an exclusive in
terview that the committees
hearing has all the semblance
of political action"
II personally cannot under
stand giving credence to testi-
mony by prostitutes. gamblers.
narcotic agents-Such as have
been giving testimony against
our people in the Washington
hearings" Mr.. Beck said, add
ing:
II would have no objection
whatsoever to any inyestigative
body conducting an honest, fair
mad nonpolitical investigation
of the labor movement. / do
know that the Transfers have
been under attack by some Of
the leaders within the newly or
ganized movement (the merged
AFL-CIO). and in my opinion
because we do not believe in
their political philosophy"
Beck Explains Return
Mr.. Beck said he had come
home from Europe this time be-
cause Of the withdrawal by Sec
rotary of Labor Mitchell of his
credentials to the International
Labor Organization convention
in Geneva.
Relative to this action, Mr..
Beck said it was "in effect a pre-
judgment Of me and it was
politically inspired"
He termed statements about
him by James B. Carey, an ALL
Clio vice president and one of
his bitterest critics in the labor
Organization. "the tintinabula-
lions of an automatic mouth"
And he added: 1T is my per-
sonal and considered Judgment
that Mr.. Carey has less standing
with the Executive Council of
the AFL-CIO and the response
BILE people of labor than any man
| know of in the American labor
movement"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-12

nation 1t did not already have
for use in connection with any
legisltive function.
Mr.. Price was called to testify
public, MIR. Rand said, ito en-
barrass him economically and
socially"
Mr.. Price was fired by the
Daily News within hours after
he testified at the public session.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-12

Crosby admitted that McLaugh-
Inns airplane ticket had been
bought with the travel card of
another teamster officer and paid
for by the union. He said he
was asked to get the ticket for
the gambler by John j. Sweeney,
secretary-treasurer of the West
ern Conference of Transfers,
who died last year.
so you are putting the re-
sponsibility for this on John
Sweeney who is dead?" asked
Mr.. Kennedy.
Crosby replied that he was
simply telling the truth"
Crosby admitted that he went
on the same plane as McLaugh-
lin TO San Francisco, occupied a
cab with him on the ride from
the airport to the San Francisco
hotel, registered at the same
time and occupied adjoining
rooms.
Why did you tell me in Port
land that you didn't travel with
Joe Mclaughlin" Mr.. Kennedy
asked.
Il don't feel I did as SUCH" the
witness answered amid laughter
in the hearing room.
Beck Criticizes Hearings
In Seattle. Wash. meantime,
the Transfers Unions top off,
cial, President Dave Beck, crit
icized the hearings as "colored"
and mot at all in harmony with
any judicial atmosphere"
Mr.. Beck. who returned Sun
day from his third trip to Eu-
rope in as many months, said,
however, that he would appear
before the committee without
for a subpoena. He said
his appearance would have to be
before June 2 when l must
again return to Europe"
Senator Mcclellan said he had
a message from Mr.. Beck which
he said indicated "a measure of
reservation" in the extent of Mr..