davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-12
Doctors Bills

# Elmo Roper, or any
body else, wants to know
whether or not doctors are
overpaid, he should talk to
a few sick people. For the
last ten years I have been
under q doctors care almost
constantly. Total charges
from doctors were 1888. One
doctor, q specialist who has
treated me during this entire
period, has refused to take q
penny from me.
Another doctor. an intern
list, has treated me for the
last i've years, during which
time he has charged me only
$3.50.
MY observation, in general.
has been that doctors are SO
far ahead of the rest Of us
in self-sacrifice and good
character that articles like
Mr.. Roper's Of June 80 would
be laughable except for the
fact that they do grave in
justice to the medical pro-
fesSion. ID. M.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-12
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES (. TRACEWELL

Do birds have q time
sense?
This is the question Of q
correspondent, and we think
1t might be answered in the
affirmative.
Ordinary everyday pigeons
seem to know what time 1t
is as well as the best dressed
man in a gray flannel suit.
The question is, How do
they do it?
We believe 1t is solely the
call of hunger.
After a fellow, feathered
or otherwise, goes a certain
length of time, his stomach
tells him he needs more food.
Sometimes this sense Is
uncanny in its accuracy.
In other words, If q group
Of downtown pigeons are
used to being fed every
morning at 8 o'clock, they
will be on hand at that time.
It cannot be believed that
they have not had other
things to eat, in the mean
time. since they are famous
scavengers.
But all the same, the clock
in their stomachs notifies
them to get ready for the big
meal.
In this way they approxi-
mate the living creature with
a watch on his wrist.
You might almost tell the
periods Of American history
by the watches men wear.
In the old Colonial days.
men of afluence wore gold
watches, usually on a big gold
chain.
For many years this pat
tern prevailed.
Even after America got
into its college days, the
heavy gold chain across the
vest gave a fine vantage
ground for the Phi Beta
Kappa key. The proud owner
didn't display it, oh no. not
for the world. but he did let
it be seen. and he had a right
to do so.
4 Il 4 -
Temp Jones, our old friend,
has managed to have few
regrets in his life so far.
But one Of them has to do
with his failure to get q Phi
Beta Kappa key.
The reason he didn't get
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-12
To Protect the Public

The bill which Representative Keat-
ing Of New York has introduced on be-
half Of the District Law Enforcement
Council is designed to protect the rights
Of the public as well as those Of the
criminal. The public's right to be safe
guarded from attacks by lawlesS persons
has been threatened, the council and
other organizations and ofi1cials believe,
by the Supreme Courts decision in the
Mallory case. That decision has been in
terpreted by law enforcement authorities
as affording the police little or no time
for the questioning Of suspects in q
crime, prior to arraignment.
AS result of the Mallory decision,
United States Attorney Oliver Gasch
has advised Police Chief Murray that
police apparently will have extremely
limited" opportunity to question sus-
pected criminal before he is brought be-
fore an arraigning offlcer. Yet often it
is through such preliminary questioning
that the innocence of some suspects is
established. AS the Law Enforcement
Council put it, "all persons brought in
simply under suspicion Of crime should
not be arraigned and their names placed
on police records unless absolutely nee
esSary." The confusion caused in police
circles by the Mallory decision, which
freed convicted rapist because he was
held too long before arraignment, ought
to be cleared up by legislation-in fair
ness to the police, the public and sus-
pected criminals.
The Heating bill, which has been ap-
proved by the Law Enforcement Council,
is designed to clarity the situation at
least until a comprehensive study Of the
courts decision has been made by some
competent group. Such a study already
has been launched by the House Judi
ciary Committee. Meanwhile Congress
should give the police some definite rule
under which they may operate. The
Heating bill would eliminate arraign-
ment delay as single cause in itself for
invalidating a confession. OF course,
any improper police tactics during ques-
tioning, such as the third degree, would
continue to be barred.
We hope Congress in the short time
remaining at this session will ind time
to pass some such legislation as that
proposed by the council Otherwise the
police will remain under severe check
rein that is bound to hamper effective
law enforcement.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-12
.L,Affdire ZIdtoYski

Efforts by the United States Govern
ment to obtain extradition from France
of George and Jane Zlatovski, indicted
here for espionage, involve questions for
which there is no simple set Of interna-
tional rules or practices. Involved in the
problem, too, is the fact that while the
alleged espionage on behalf Of the So
Wet Union was directed primarily at the
United States 1t was also directed in
part at the entire NATO alliance, of
which France is member.
The United States and France have
an extradition treaty covering offenses
Of criminal nature. Espionage is not
specified as a crime, however, and the
treaty does bar extradition for political
reasons. In this case, French officials
already have said that showing must
be made of criminal activity by the
Zlatovskis. It was pointed out, also, that
the credentials qualifying the American
couple for residence in France are In
order and that their presence there is
perfectly legal" They have been resi-
dents of France since 1949, and their
alleged espionage took place in Europe
while Zlatovski was in the United States
Army and his wife was employed by the
once of Strategic Services.
The Zlatovskis themselves have been
quoted as saying they have found 'po-
litical asylum" in France, but this like
wise is an uncertain status. There is
no generally accepted body OF interna-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-12

Something New Added to Astronom
BY THOMAS R. HENRY

"A new era In study Of the
structure of the Milky Way
system with its hundred bill
lion stars has been opened by
detection Of q radio signal
from space with q wave
length Of about seven inches
III centimeters).
This also will lead to q bet
ter understanding Of thou
sands of similar galaxies mil
lions of light years away (the
distance crossed by light at a
speed of about 10000 miles
a second in a year,.
These signals are emitted
by atoms Of hydrogen. tenu-
Gus clouds Of which fill much
of the space between the
stars. The research has clari-
fled already the spiral struc-
ture of the Milky Way gal
axy, says DR.. Bart j. Box Of
the Harvard College Obser-
vatory, in a report Just pub
lished by the Smithsonian
Institution.
Sort Of Invisible Light
The 21-centimeter waves
may be regarded as a kind
Of invisible light that obeys
essentially the same rules as
visible, ultraviolet, and mira
red light, and passes easily
through obscuring material.
The wavelength is slightly
heightened when the radi-
alton comes from an OBJ
ject moving away from the
observer. and slightly short
ened when it comes from an
object moving toward the OBJ
server; these changes are
measured and used to deter
mine the speeds Of the atoms.
The direction from which the
waves come reveals the struc-
ture Of our galaxy, and the
sneedS of the atoms reveal
its rotation.
Looking outward into
space, one observes a vast
number of great star aggre-
cations similar to the Milky
Way galaxy. The stars, in
general, are arranged in the
form Of a coiled spiral like a
watch spring. Our own GAL
axy has long been assumed
to have the same form, but
this has been difficult to OBJ
serve with ordinary light.
The spiral structure was
verified some years ago by
Dutch astronomers at the
University Of Leiden, who
used the radio telescope to
observe the 81 Ntimeter
line. From Holland =. ) pos
sible to survey the 21-cen-
timeter emissions only from
the Northern Hemisphere.
DR.. Box reports that a pre-
liminary survey Of the
Southern Hemisphere has
now been completed and
shows about the same pic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-12
Clean Bomb

In your July 4 editorial
about the so-called clean
bomb" you ask, Are there
still some doubters or pooh
poohers?" You say that we
who "have not hesitated to
cast aspersions on the mo-
tives and veracity of our
highest atomic officials" are
guilty Of arrogant igno-
rance"
Thus in another editorial
you suggest that your readers
not question, not ask for
more than the word of politi-
clans who might find it en-
barraSsing to abandon long,
held positions. You ask us to
be lulled into a halcyonic
dreamland conjured up for
a purpose by Lewis Strauss.
Have you forgotten Cor in
deed were you aware?) that
no less than six scientists
not two months ago told the
Holifield subcommittee that
q clean" hydrogen bomb
was, with the knowledge
science now possesses, impos-
sible? II was there: I heard
them.) One of these men,
you may recall, was DR.. Alvin
Graves, whose experience
dates to the early days Of Al
amogordo. DR.. Graves, Incl
dentally, is an Acc scientist
who shares the Strauss-Lib-
by position regarding cessa-
ton Of tests.
Yes, there are quite a few
doubling Thomases remain
ing. We are those who do not
choose to don binders and
walk the peregrinating and
unsafe path of the Acc and
its officials, who have shown
that their greatest virtue is
to continually contradict
themselves in q most idiotic
pattern and yet survive polit-
ically. I think your readers
have the right to ask you to
examine the record of the
past seven years or so before
you parade such editorials
before us in the guise Of in
formed opinion.
Perhaps you can tell your
readers Just how clean a "96
per cent clean" bomb is, or
how much less lethal it is
(96 per cent lessO. And Just
how dirty is q 4 per cent
dirty" bomb?
Harris Weir.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-12
The Passing Buck

NObO0y III duLLlOIlCy, ana
least Of all the two political
parties. seem disturbed about
the American dollar. It is
currently worth" about fifty
cents. Sixty years ago the
mere menace of such a posi-
bility lost the presidency to
William j. Bryan. Mr.. Bryan,
and even before him q person
named Coin" Harvey, reused
the country by their demands
for the free coinage of silver
which, it was presumed,
would increase prices Gas the
Democrats said) and give us
q f1fty-cent dollar Gas the
Republicans said. But in any
case 1t would have still pro-
vided us with q metallic dol
lar sure to be worth some
thing. When at last Franklin
Roosevelt became President
he was confronted by the
familiar farmers complaint
that prices were too low, and
in 1888 terminated the gold
convertibility Of the dollar so
that prices should rise
and obediently they rose.
Thus in 1888 we became a
paper-dollar country. Even
more surprising, we are still
a paper-dollar country de-
spite the fact that a Republic
can President has been in
the White House somewhat
less than five years. The sur
prises do not end there: What
we call our dollar" is nd
dollar at all. No dollar exists
except as an occasional
numismatic curiosity. The
dollars Of convention, our
circulating medium, do not
call themselves dollars; they
are all promises to pay, and
whoever goes to the bank or
Treasury window expecting
to obtain real dollars. comes
away with more paper, also
so many promises to pay. We
are living in q land Of make
believe, prices rise continue
ally; we do not like it but
lack the energy to do any
thing about It. Bills in Con-
gress looking to the restora-
ton Of the gold standard,
that Is the resurrection Of
the real dollar. sleep in their
pigeonholes, to all appear
ances dead.
Robert r. Skinner.
Belfast, Me.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-12
BrowneH VS.. Norris

Attorney General Bro1Dneu Tin letter
explaining the ctUil rights bill:
Enactment of legislation providing
for jury trial in contempt cases arising
out Of governmental litigation would
undermine the authority of the Fed
eral courts by seriously weakening their
power to enforce their lawful orders.
The effect Of adopting current proposals
for jury trial would be to weaken and
undermine the authority Of the Federal
courts by making their every order, even
when issued after due hearing and af-
firmed on appeal, renewable by local
jury.
Furthermore the proposed amend
ment to existing procedures that is be-
ing advocated under the innocuous slo-
gan OF jury trial would permit practical
notification of the effectiveness Of the
proposed civil rights legislation. The
enforcement Of any court order may re-
quire prompt and vigorous action If it
is to be effective. Prompt action will
often be vital in civil rights cases, espe-
cially election cases where the registra-
ton period or the election may pass
while enforcement is delayed. The in
lection OF a jury trial between an or
der OF court enjoining discrimination
against Negroes in an election, and the
enforcement Of that order would provide
numerous opportunities for delay be-
yond the time when the order could
have practical effect"
: The late Senator George w. Norris lin
ststing on the right of trial by juru, by
congressional enactment, in every case OF
indirect contempt):
81 agree that any man charged with
contempt in any court of the United
States .. in any case, mo matter what
1t is, ought to have jury trial.
1T is no answer to say that there
will sometimes be juries which will
not convict. That is charge which
can be made against our jury system.
Every man who has tried lawsuits be-
fore jurieS, every man who has ever
presided in court and heard jury trials,
knows that juries make mistakes, as all
other human beings do, and they some
times render verdicts which seem al
most obnoxious. But 1t is the best sys-
tenn I know of. I would not have It
abolished; and when I see how juries
will really do justice when biased and
prejudiced Judge is trying to lead them
astray am confirmed in my opinion
that, after all, our jury system is one
which the American people, who believe
in liberty and Justice, will not dare to
surrender. like to have trial by Jury
preserved in all kinds Of cases where
there Is q dispute Of facts"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-12
Ten Commandments

Your readers in many cases
seem to misunderstood the
decisions against posting the
Ten Commandments and
teaching religion in school
rooms.
The decisions IN no way
prevent parents from posting
the Ten Commandments in
their homes and from teach
ing at home or in the
churches anything they want
to to their own children. But
they may not teach religion
to my children and to those
Of others who likewise are
atheists or agnostics. Free
dom for religion does not
give sanction to believers to
prosecute those whose moral
ity Is not based on belief in
the supernatural or sane
ton to force their beliefs on
others.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-12

1t was tied In with the easy
go-happy way Of life.
He refused to worry, then
as now, and so did not bother
too much to study hard in
college.
He learned, through the
famous grapevine. that he
just missed this fine scholas-
tic fraternity by one tenth
Of a per cent, or something.
He never knew for sure
whether this intelligence was
true, or not, but he has al
ways hoped it was.
y \ y X
With the insouciance Of
youth, he said he didn't care,
and that was the truth.
He didn't.
Time went on, ana ne
watched the men who wore
the keys, and he came to see
that they really were a select
group.
Now he wishes he had
studied a little harder.
It wouldn't have made
much difference to him, he
thinks-or would it?
4 4 y y
Birds have time senses, TN.
doubtedly. because they are
living things.
Time is built into the very
essence Of anything with Life
in it.
Rocks and other minerals
are timeless, in a sense.
The sky and the gases Of
the upper air have so little
time in them that we call
them eternal, which is just
another way Of saying we
don't know.
Living things. however
have to eat, and that is where
time comes into them with 8
rush and a roar. The desire
for food closes in over them
periodically. and 1t is no won.
der that the urge for fooo
has always been regarded
by philosophers as primary
even before sex. Today some
nations. including our own
seem to have upset this or.
der Of urgency, but the strict
animals, the birds and the
beasts and the fishes OF the
sea, and even the insects
know food for what it is.
It is no wonder that they
have a sense of time, which
is precious and life-savine'
and means to them great
deal more than the flip Of 4
wrist to see what time 1t IS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-12

@. How often should an
adults teeth be brushed?-
I. B.
A. A person who has teeth
in regular alignment, with
out gum infections, should
brush his teeth ut least twice
q day. Persons who have ir-
regular teeth, many filings,
disease of the gums. ETC..
should cleanse teeth and
mouth thoroughly at least
four times a day. The pur-
pose of brushing is to cleanse
all surfaces Of the teeth In
order to prevent the forma-
ton Of film, food deposits.
and carries, and to stimulate
the gums 80 as to make them
healthy and disease-resistant.
@. Is the worlds supply OF
water constant, or u new
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-12
Trumun's Doy

It was gratifying to read
the nice things you had to
say about Mr.. Truman in
your recent editorial, "A
Great Day at Independence, {"
particularly when one re-
members that your editorial
page was not too kind to him
q few years ago. Perhaps you,
too, have begun to see him
in the proper historical per-
spective.
I also listened, over tele-
vision, to Chief Justice War
ren's objective analysis Of Mr..
Truman the President and
Mr.. Truman the private citi-
zen and ! was deeply moved
by his remarks.
J. z. Vargas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-12
Back to the Japanese

From the standpoint of public pol
icy and probably the personal welfare of
the soldier Girard, the Supreme Courts
decision that he can be turned over to a
Japanese court for trial is preferable to
one that might have gone the other
way. AS the Supreme Court saw 1T,
the only issue was whether the Con-
stitution or legislation prevented the
United States from waving the juris-
diction it had established over Girard
and turning him over to the Japanese,
under an arrangement sanctioned by
our Senate-approved treaty with Japan.
The court answering in the negative,
Girard will face japanese rather than
an American court.
No one seems to doubt that he will
receive fair trial from the Japanese,
and that was never the issue. From a
practical standpoint, he probably will
come out of it with more skin on his
back than If he were tried by an Amer
lean court-martial. AS for our relations
around the world, with so many Of our
troops stationed in foreign lands under
mutually advantageous agreements, a
different opinion by the Supreme Court
might have put this country in more
hot water than Girard has experienced.
His early departure from Japan, as well
as from the armed forces of the United
States, is earnestly to be desired.
Judge McGarraghy of the District
Court, reversed in this decision, saw the
constitutional question in different
light. It was whether Girard, under the
agreement, had right to trial by an
American court; not whether the United
States had right to waive such trial by
turning him over to Japan. His en-
phasis was placed on the stipulated fact
that the soldier was on duty, and there
fore subject, under the agreement with
Japan, to court-martial. The Supreme
Court placed its emphasis, not on the
Army's established jurisdiction over Gil
rard, which it did not question, but on
another provision Of the agreement I'M
der which the United States waived that
jurisdiction, after procedures the Su-
preme Court found valid.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-12

ture: When viewed from
within. the structure Of IN.
galaxy is much more commit ;s
Gated than it would seem !,
observed from outside. tn =
tirst observations made NV
the Dutch astronoms~rss
showed that the Milky Wav
galaxy has three spiral arm.
in one Of which the solar
system is imbedded. '''
The comparisons to :.
watch spring are now sos~
to be "only very rough fr.. t
approximations. The prinV
cipal spiral features az.
branched and shredded =,
is evident, Furthermore, tbat
all the spiral features do not
Iie Al C!ie same plane. The
completely Of galactic strnc' '
ture is being made more an.
parent by the preliminsrr
results Of Southern Hemj,'
phere studies. made cbisav
by radio astronomers in AM,
tralia. ~
The rotation of the gslarv
and the different rotations =;
various star groups within !,
are well-known problems th ~
are made even more commit
Gated by the 21-centimets,
observations. 1t has gener.
ally been assumed in the mast
that the stars Of our vast svs'
tenn are moving in approx.
mately circular orbits. IN.
new observations cast douht
on this simple assumption.
Magellan Clouds Studied
Research on the external
galaxies by means Of the 81.
centimeter line is still in Il,
infancy. Australian observers
have detected this radiation
from the large and small
Clouds Of Magellan in the
Southern Hemisphere. These
are not parts of the Milky
Way system, but galaxies, our
nearest neighbors in space,
Astronomers are ALREADY
learning much about the DIV.
namics Of the Magellanic
Clouds. Their rotation is well
established. and good est.
mates Of their masses can be
made from the rotational
velocitieS.
Efforts now are directed to.
ward detecting 21-centimeter
radiation from the great gal.
axy in Andromeda, one of the
nearest Of the external gal.
axies. and comparable in size
to the Milky Way system.
The 21-centimeter signals
from some more distant gal.
axieS indicate considerable
speeds Of recession-as great
as 1000 kilometers a second.
These recessions confirm the
Photographic observations Of
the speeds Of distant galaxies
that constitute the evidence
for the expanding universe"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-12

moisture formed and ADDED
continuously?-M. v.
A. The amount of water N
the world remains essentially
constant, but its distributor
and occurrence are contln.
ually changing. The wafer
cycle ((hydrologic cycle az
unending circulation OF tne
earth's moisture and watel'
is a gigantic system operasii
ing in and on the land anu
oceans Of the earth and ~
the atmosphere which sur
rounds the earth.
@. What Is the fishing sea-
son at Atlantic City?-B. y.
A. Under normal co ,na,,
tions the fishing season ias.s
six months, starting aoou'
May lst and lasting well 70
ward the end Of OCTOBER
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-12
Adopted Parents

! wish someone would In
form the Social Service
League Of Montgomery Coun-
ty that the best home for q
child" might not always be
the one where both parents
are college educated and
there is plenty Of money.
I've seen children Of some
college educated parents sad
ly neglected while their par
ents are spouting child-rear-
ing theories. their children are
unloved and neglected and
misunderstood. So the hum
BILE fireman with . modest In
come could easily be "the
best home for O child" OF
course MONTGOMERY County