davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01

affects "the national defense Of
the United States in such degree
that its unauthorized disclosure
could result in serious damage
to the Nation"
We have reduced to a min
imum the possibilities of arbi-
trary classification and Of mis-
use Of the power for concealment
of facts that might prove per-
sonally embarrassing. A person
who believes that a document
labeled secret" should be re-
leased can request the Secre-
tary of the department or the
head of the agency to declassify
1t.
II, after consideration, this
officer declines to authorize dis
closure. the person who wants to
use the information can take the
controversy to the director of the
proposed Central Security Office,
a non-political official whose
only concern is to protect the
national security.
If both the head of the Gov
eminent department that devel-
oped the information and the
director agree that the informa-
ton cannot be disclosed without
serious damage to the Nation, "
no loyal American, newsman or
not. should have the right to ar
rogate TO himself the critical de-
cision and to jeopardize the Ma
ton by overruling the informed
judgment Of the responsible Of
ficials.
Finally, an element Of the
offense under the proposed
statute Is the classification Of
the information as secret in con-
formity with the definition laid
down and with a valid executive
order.
No crime would be made out If
in a prosecution under the law
the judge should find that the
power to classify had been
abused for purposes unrelated
to security and that the secret
label had been attached without
justification.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01
Juliet's Secretary
Quits Tomb Watch

VERONA, Italy. July l (R.-
Juliet Capulet's secretary" has
retired.
Ettore Salimani. IS, some time,
sailor, school teacher and. jour-
neyman laborer, was penSioned
yesterday after 20 years in a job
the city titled curator of the
Shrine of Juliet" But he called
himself Juliet's secretary and
handled all the mail which came
addressed to her.
He was the keeper of and the
guide at the tomb Of Juliet, one
of the big tourist attractions in
this walled Italian city, where,
according to Shakespearean
tradition. the tragic and immor-
tai love affair of the "star-cross'd
lcvers"-Romeo and Juliet-took
place.
Twenty years ago, bowling to
his constant pleading, the Vero-
ma City Corp. allotted a small
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01

of new House hearings or mill
tary information policies.
Mr.. Moss. the subcommittee
chairman. said the hearings to-
day and tomorrow would under
take to document instances u
unrealistic application Of mill
tary secrecy, instances of arbi-
trary censorship over the mill
tary services by the Defense De-
partment, and instances where
newsmen have been accused OF
leaks when in fact their in
formation was cleared by the
Pentagon's top security agency
or was an obvious conclusion
drawn from publicly available
information"
Witnesses from the Army
Navy and Air Force were sched-
uled to testify.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01

broadly when the master Of
ceremonies. Gettysburg's Burgess
Mayor William G. Weaver,
told the crowd:
Il think it fitting to give the
bride and groom of Al years a
big hand at this time"
The audience cut loose with
a warm ovation for the Eisen-
howers.
For the President and the
First Lady tc ay is a day Of
personal memories of their mar
Lriage in Denver in 1916, just q
year after Mr.. Eisenhower's
graduation from West Point as a
second lieutenant.
There was an exchange of an
niversary gifts at the farm. but
what they gave each other was
not made public.
Last night there was a quiet
dinner with two house guests
who were celebrating their 3lst
wedding anniversary. The guests,
staying on today. were Maj. Gen
and Mrs. Leonard D. Heaton.
Gen. Heaton, 'commandant at
Walter Reed Army Hospital in
Washington. operated on the
President for ileitis a bit more
than a year ago. The surgeon
and his wife also were guests
at the farm in 1856. during the
Presidents convalescence, for
joint observance of the Eisen-
hower-Heaton anniversaries.
At Farm Since Friday
Mr.. Eisenhower came to the
farm Friday afternoon and plans
to return to the White House this
evening or tomorrow morning.
In addition to Gen. Taylor's
address, last nights Gettysburg
battle memorial ceremony in
cluded a concert by the United
States Army Band. The Presi-
dent, after greeting Gen. Taylor
warmly, stayed on for a part of
the concert and tapped out time
with his foot to a medley Of
marches.
In talking of a lessening of
the possibility Of a general
atomic war, Gen. Taylor put it
this way in his address:
Because of the suicidal ma
ture of a general nuclear war.
it appears in my opinion, in
creasingly unlikely that any ma
ton will deliberately embark on
such q war with its prospect of
reciprocal humiliation.
However, that does not nee
eSsarily mean that communism
will renounce aggression as a
tool of policy. Instead. while
avoiding general war, it may in
cline toward local or limited ag-
erosion which thus appears to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01
Korean War

During the Korean conflict q
number Of breaches Of security
and Of journalistic ethics &C.
Cured. The gravity of the sit
uation can be illustrated beyond
cavil simply by references to
the columns Of one synidcated
newspaperman. Drew Pearson
Excerpts from classified docu-
ments and communications were
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01

= North against South - first
clashed in the tide-turning Civil
War battle of Gettysburg.
Last night the President and the
First Lady went to the Gettys-
burg High School auditorium for
ceremony concentrating the
men of the blue and the gray
who died in that agonizing three
day battle.
There they heard Gen. Max
well D. Taylor, Army chief of
stan. tell capacity audience of
about 1900 that the hope for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01

national security.
I have been requested to make
certain observations regarding
phases Of the report Of the Com
mission on Government Security
which have been the subject of
conflicting statements. have
also agreed to supply Congress-
man Moss of the House subcom-
mittes on Government InfoYma-
ton and the press with informa-
ton supporting the recommended
ton for a law to prohibit un-
authorized disclosure of secret
documents jeopardizing national
security.
The commissions propose d
statute is not aimed at news
papermen. 1t would apply equally
to every American citizen, no
matter what his occupation. 1t
would cover. for example. the
person who works in a defense
plant, making secret weapons
for the Government. who reveals
plans or technical data.
1t would cover a Senator or
Congressman speaking outside
the legislative halls. We do not
believe that journalists will claim
a special immunity over their
fellow citizens.
Cities "Rare Breaches"
! have stated previously. and
! think every member of the
Commission shares this view,
that the American journalistic
profession has served splendidly
through the troubled times of
World War II, the Korean War,
and the current cold war. It
is the impact of the rare breaches
Of security by a reporter or news
broadcaster that makes the mis-
conduct so highly reprehensible
An ordinary person who might
obtain such information and
talk about it would normally
reach only a few people. The
breadth Of dissemination Of the
newsman's information magnifies
the peril.
The profession of journalism,
like every other profession, suf-
fers severely from the acts of its
irresponsible members. No Amer
lean likes to propose laws requir-
ing fell on citizens to be brought
before the bar Of justice, but no
citizen has a right knowingly
and deliberately to endanger the
lives and the safety of his fellow
Americans.
Since the commissions pro-
posal concerns only information
classed as secret or above, the
occurrences which led to the
finding necessarily involve infor-
nation seriously affecting the
national security. Many in
stances were revealed in the
course Of the commissions
study.
Reconsideration Refused
During the past week / re-
quested the responsible official
to release a part Of this infor-
nation which, in my opinion, no
longer required secrecy. / had
hoped enough might be resur-
rected from the grave Of unwar-
ranted continuing classification
to demonstrate to the American
people the disastrous conse-
quences that flow from an in
dividual's taking the law into his
own hands.
! regret TO report that this
request for declassification was
denied. and that the informa-
ton is apparently entombed for
ever. with the final rites OF
classified burial. in the bureau
cratic graveyard Of a maze of
files, never to be disseminated TO
the American people who are
entitled to know the full details
OF these dark chapters Of betray-
al.
Nevertheless. there are a num-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01

be an increasingly serious threat
to world peace"
Gen. Taylor said that form of
aggression IF not arrested may
lead to the erosion of the free
world and to ouraloss. piecemeal,
of that which we are pledged to
defend"
He called for prompt resist
ance to any such form of agrees
sion lest it spread to that gen.
eral atomic war which it is our
purpose to avoid"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01
World War II

/ - -
The perils Of disclosing de-
tense secrets are most obvious
in tine Of war. Perhaps the
gravest threat to national sur
vival came with World War II
Yet illustrations of the danger
can readily be found:
l. At the battle of Midway
our Pacific fleet, crippled al
Pearl Harbor, made a brilliant
recovery to break the back Of
the Japanese Navy. The new;
behind the victory was indeed
big news. Many Washington
correspondents knew the truth
and kept it to themselves: that
our Navy had broken the Japa.
nese code, and was lying in am.
bush for the enemy fleet. The
Japanese did not know this
however, until the fact wa.
printed as an exclusive story ir
an important metropolitan daily
The enemy of course imme.
diately changed their codes. Had
they not been tipped of by thi:
newspaper, there is strong reason
to believe that Japanese sea
power could have been finally
and completely destroyed many
long and bloody months sooner
2. On December 4, l94l, thre,
days before the Pearl Harbor at.
tack. this same newspaper haC
published detailed and strategic
secrets Of the Army and Nav
high command. The story, ad.
mittedly based upon zone of tn,
few existing copies of this as.
tonishing document" described
in detail the plan for a military
establishment of 10.045. $50 men
broken down into five field ar.
mics Of 2l5 divisions and 6,745,.
$50 men; a Navy of IL million
including naval air: 10000 ma,
rines; and an Air Force of 1885,,
600. 1t revealed that the logis
tics would require an additions
IL million gross tons of mer,
chant marine.
i Even as Japanese carriers wer,
secretly approaching Pearl Har'
Dor, the reporter told the worlC
the details of proposed Ameri,
can strategy. He outlined thre,
phases of a possible European
campaign, naming prosperity,
United States bases and pin,
pointing "l54 selected German
targets" which would "requir,
a total Of 1894 operating bonn
bardment planes, with MONTH!
requirements Of 1898 planes"
3. On August IL. 1916, thre,
editors Of Amerasia we're in
dicted for conspiracy. 1t devel
oped that they had accumulated
a hoard Of literally hundreds o
military and security documents
all classified and illegally OBJ,
tanned. Amerasia was ostensibl,
a legitimate periodical. "a review
OF America and the Far East"
Although the United State
was still at war in the Far East
the editor denied that he hat
been printing anything prejudi
cial to American security an,
sought to explain his illegal pos
session Of a houseful Of secre
and confidential documents a.
necessary background materia
for magazine articles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01

said. II wanted to create q
shrine here in Verona to satisfy
the aching need for Q token Of
love felt by millions Of young
people the world over"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01

secure peace burns as warmly
in our hearts today" as it did
in 1868.
Gen. Taylor said that in this
nuclear age. the possibility of a
general atomic war is lessening.
But. he added, local limited ag-
gresSion by Communist forces
poses AN increasingly serious
threat to world peace"
After Gen. Taylor'S speech, the
President and his wife stood at
their front-row seats and smiled
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01

sum to smarter up the Capulet
family tomb. where Juliet lies
buried. and appointed Salimani
its custodian.
q knew what ! wanted" he
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01

In periods Of so-called cold
war. disclosures Of vital defense
information may harm the Ma
ton as gravely as the COM
promise of military secrets dur
ing actual hostilities. At the
request of the Commission on
Government Security. the De-
partment of Defense in Septem-
Der, 1856, supplied the following
examples of publication prejudi-
cial to the national security:
i. A national weekly in jan
uary. 1856, carried an article on
missiles. The article contained
many general statements, some
of which were in error; however
in other respects the informa-
ton was essentially correct and
disclosed characteristics of mis-
siles which were still in a highly
classified status.
2. Newspaper stories on testi-
mony of Gen. Partridge, in ex-
ecutive session, before the Sen
ate Subcommittee on Prepared
ness contained classified ma
Iterial.
3. A metropolitan daily in De-
cember Of 1853 published quite
accurately the then highly CLASH
fed information relative to the
so-called New Look"
4. The Army protested recently
to Mr.. Wilson on the intrusion
of Talos into the continental
defense system. Secretary Bruck.
er and Gen. Taylor met with Mr.
Wilson late one evening. The
next morning a metropolitan
daily carried a full account Of
the protest and the hand-car-
ried Army transmittal.
S. In March, 1856. a nationa,
magazine article on specia'
forces activities in Europe ap.
peared to be a violation Of Army
security regulations. A rough
draft Of the article was sub.
mitted to the commanding off,
Ger Of the Army unit concerned
who returned it with 20 specific
objections and with the under
standing that Objectionable fea-
lures would be removed and that
photographs accompanying the
article would be submitted to the
Department of Defense fol
clearance.
Material Not Cleared
No material used in the article
was submitted to United States
Army headquarters in Europe
and no submission Of photo.
graphs or text was made to the
Department Of Defense.
s. A metropolitan daily in Jan.
uary. 1856, published an article
which contained information or
the classified Air Force Alta,
project. Information in the ar.
ticle on status Of the rocket anc
its test schedule were classified
Z. A weekly magazine in jan.
uary, 1856. contained an article
found by the Department o.
Defense and the Atomic Energy
Commission to contain classified
military security information
Acc recommended an investi.
cation to- determine the source
OF the information. Air Force
investigation failed to discover
the source or sources from which
the information was released.
8. A metropolitan daily IL
December. 1855, carried an ar
ticle considered by the Depart
ment Of Defense and Atomic
Energy Commission to contain
classified information. Air Force
investigation showed that thu
ARTICLE had not been submitted
for clearance. and the source Of
the information could not bt
determined.
I 9. A wire service story insJan.
uary, 1856. carried report or
the use Of air-to-air missiles with
atomic warheads. Because Of the
high classification and vital i'm.
portance Of the project. this item
Is under investigation by De.
Tense.
10. A metropolitan daily ir
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01
Passport Control

1t should be answer enough
to critics of our recommended
ton for inclusion of a single
fingerprint on passports to point
out simply that the purpose
1of the passports is identi-
fication. and that the best
known means of Identification
is fingerprinting. The Commu-
nists' appropriation Of the pass
ports Of Americans who joined
the Abraham Lincoln Brigade in
the Spanish Civil War. as re-
counted in in the commission re-
port. illustrates the imperative
need.
Transfer of Visa Control from
State to Justice Department
The commission has recon-
mended that control Of visas be
vested exclusively in the Depart
ment of Justice and not divided
with the Department of State
STAFF studies revealed that he
power to issue visas abroad had
been abused for purposes of for
eign policy.
If Congress intends that the
visa should be used as an in
strument Of international rela-
tons, 1t may say so. Until 1t
does, authority should rest with
the agency which is ultimately
responsible for the admission of
aliens. In this recommendation
We are supported by the report
Of the Hoover Commission.
,.Hiqh Court Decisions
! 1t has been suggested in the
, press that some part of the
commissions recommendations
may in some way have been
rendered obsolete by recent de-
cisions Of the United States SUI
preme Court. Our report was
, already in the presses when the
, cases were decided. and we
could not analyze the opinions
in print. We did. however, study
the cases with care.
On the basis Of these studies,
I can say that the commission
might have made additional rec
ommedations If these unex-
pected decisions had been handed
down before our work was COM
plete. But there is nothing in
them. we have concluded, to
affect in any way the recon-
mendations we have made in our
report. or to require any Of our
proposals to be changed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01

December, 1855, published an
article which contained CLASH
fed information about the Red
stone and Lacrosse missiles.
Article on. Missiles
II. A trade magazine in No
vember, 1855, carried an article
which was determined by the
Air Force to contain q consider
able amount Of classified in
formation on various aspects of
the guided missile program.
IL. A weekly magazine, in
June, in an editorial. published
classified information on an Air
Force jet engine and on guided
missiles.
Is. A metropolitan daily, in
October, 1855, published an ar
ticle on the Army Hawk guided
missile. The article contained
information which at that time
was classified for military secur-
|ity reasons. The article also con-
tanned classified information on
the Army Nike B missile
IA. Newspaper columns in a
metropolitan daily, in May and
July. 1854, dealing with special
weapons, guided missiles, and
hydrogen warheads. were certi-
fled to contain classified in
formation.
IS. A national weekly in No
vember, 1855. contained infor-
nation on the Sergeant. and La
Crosse missiles which had not
been cleared for publication by
the Department Of Defense and
which ut the time bore a military
security classification.
These few illustrations should
suffice, dispite our duty not to
reveal. others, to establish t:.at
the commissions proposal is sup
ported by fact and that the
danger is real.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01
WRIGHT'S STATEMENT
Disclosure of Secrets
By Press is Criticized

Folcping ter of statement By Lloyd Wright chairman
OF the Commission Government Security The statement dehlS
Nth the unauthorized disclosure OF secret documents affecting
nf;om n1e
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01
Classification Needed

Some other misconception:
about our proposal need clari.
flcation. The recommended
statute would not introduce 9
new and unknown principle int
our laws. At present. legislation
makes it a crime for a Govern
ment employe wrongfully to dis.
close classified information. Il
a newspaperman or anyone else
connives with the employe tt
obtain the information. both may
be prosecuted for the conspiracy
If, on the other hand, secret
information is purloined, with
or without the connivance OF
anyone in Government, the mis-.
creant can be punished under
the espionage laws If he disclose:
the information with knowledge
or reason to believe that by sc
doing he may injure the United
States or aid a foreign nation
The commission did not be.
lieve that the harsh penalty Of
10 years imprisonment or the
stigma of the spy should be Wis.
tied on the offender who exploit:
defense secrets in quest of pub.
licity and monetary gain. W.
therefore sought to provide {
law properly tailored to the Of
Tense.
Furthermore, we did not be-
lieve that a person who imperils
the Nations security by willfully
knowingly. and deliberately re-
leasing secret information should
be able to escape punishment by
pleading that he believed nc
harm would result.
1t is not a matter on which he
is free to speculate. He has M
right to take the law, and thu
survival of the Nation. into hi
own hands. These deficiencie,
in existing law. in our opinion
leave the Nation dangerously
unprotected.
The proposal is joined with {
recommendation to abolish tn,
confidential classification and II
eliminate abuses Of overclassifi,
cation. We have given the full
est possible recognition to thu
claims of a free press and tn,
peoples right to know. The pro.
Inhibition would apply only wher
the information is properly clas'
sified as secret" or top secret.
Terms Carefully Defined"
These terms are defined with
care In the statute. so that only
the Congress may alter them
They encompass only that infor'
mation which. at the minimum
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01
Eisenhowers Celebrate
Al Years Of Marriage

GETTYSBURG, Pa. July lF1-Presdent and Eisen-
hover observing their 4t wedding today their
country home the edge of this quiet town.
It's home which nestles in peaceful green fields where
the early hours % today the forces
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01

carried in his column on tn
following dates: X.
Saturday, December 80. 1850.
Tuesday. January %. 1851.
Wednesday, January 81. 1851.
Monday. April 80. 1851.
Tuesday. December 4, 1851.
Saturday. May II. 1852.
Saturday. March 81, 1858.
nNAH
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01

Der Of examples freely available
to anyone who reads the daily
papers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-01
Terms Carefully Defined

These terms are defined with
care in the statute. so that only
the Congress may alter them,
They encompass only that infor-
nation which, at the minimum,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-24
D. Els Get Fast Career Starts

The three Rs are only a small
part of school for some 40 juniors
and seniors at Mount Vernon High.
For these career minded teeners.
textbooks have taken a back seat
in favor of getting an important
leg up on a vast area of the buSi-
ness orld-distribution, retail and
wholesale selling and all parts of
the merchandising field
The 40 boys and girls are en-
rolled in Mount Vernon's d. Z.
(distributive education) program.
which requires a half school-half
work curriculum to build a sub
stantial background for a career
in the distribution field
Based on Bureau of Census sta
tistics that one out of every five
persons employed in the United
States is engaged in some form of
distribution. the ID f. program gives
high school students the oppor-
tunity to learn the trade while they
finish their secondary education.
Working half days and Satur-
days up TO the minimum of Is hours
a week. the y. +. students get
onthe-job training as well as
classroom instruction in sales tech
niqueS. advertising. personnel. store
organization and operation, and
how TO apply for a job.
And. to check how well the stu
dents learn their lessons, the en-