davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28

Senate investigator: you know.
in this union business you can be
honest and still make dollar"
Why the Team Up3
Why did the labor officials team
up with the hoodlums? AS a matter
Of practical fact, dealing with hoods
can be useful If a unionist is out
for power. The hoodlum, his eye
always on the main chance, can be
relied on to talk turkey when the
time comes to make a deal.
The big wheels OF New York
unionism found themselves in q
business wherein Omar's words
they could take the cash and let
the credit go nor listen to the
rumble OF a distant drum. Dues
from scores Of thousands Of truck
drivers made comfortable cushion
for the ambitious man. Control
over welfare funds added to the
attractiveness Of the deal.
In many respects. Transfers
unionism became beautiful exer-
else in ward-heeling politics. There
was not only graft from taxes
tdues) and graft from deals. but
there also were vast amounts OF
patronage.
The Senate Committee, as 1t
readies Its witness list for the hear
ings. is not prepared to say whether
Mr.. Hoffa will appear. Certainly
there are many things the commit
tee could learn from Mr.. Hoffa--if
he would talk. But he is under in
dictment on Federal charges, and
the report persists here that the
committee, by gentlemen's agree
ment. has decided to leave Mr.. Hoffa
TO the tender mercies Of the Justice
Department and the courts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28

puppy" golf. He gripped the club
like a baseball bat and dashed at
the ball with short. choppy strokes.
But he once bet $1,000 that he
could break 100 on the tough N.Y.
opia Club course In Boston. He won
by two strokes.
Wilson Hod a Slice
AS President. Woodrow Wilson
played golf two or three times a
week even during World War /.
A grim, Misunderstanding figure with
an atrocious slice, he used a red
painted ball for playing in winter
snow. He seldom broke 100.
BY contrast. Warren G. Harding.
faShion-plate in plus tours, played
in the upper Dos.
Calvin Coolidge sometimes slip
ped away from the White House
for nine holes on the private course
OF Washington publisher Edward
b. Mclean. but the expense of
buying proper equipment CALLED his
Vermont thrift. Once. playing with
pro Fred Mcleod, the Yankee
President broke his club.
Freddie" he demanded anxious
~. that can be fixed. can't it?"
President Coolidge also liked to
take long vacations fishing in the
Black Hills Of South Dakota or
loafing on his fathers farm in Yer
mont. He wasn't much Of an
angler. He fished in white kid
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28
By SHIRLEY H. SCHETBLA

Walter Reuther's recent pro-
nouncement in favor Of q four-day
work week for his United Auto
Workers has raised the question
whether organized labor is prepar-
ing to switch its emphasis from
bread-and-buttkr pay increases to
shorter hours in upcoming contract
negotiations.
The answer appears to be that
shortening Of working hours is
goal which unions intend to pursue
over a period of several years; the
process will be evolutionary rather
than revolutionary. Meanwhile,
they will continue to concentrate
major efforts on getting more
money for their members to help
them keep pace with the rising
cost Of living.
Talks with labor experts, and
study Of documents considered at
an AFL-CIO closed conference here
on working hours lead to the fol-
lowing conclusions:
Unions will have to sell their
IL members on the desirability Of
shorter hours before there Is any
broad drive In that direction.
The feeling among labor leaders
and other experts is that the Amer
lean working man is more inter-
ested today in q bigger pay en-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28

commonly in small gradual stages
-2l2 hours or less at one time
rather than in a single reduction
OF 5 or hours to reach the goal OF
IS or 80 hours a week.
I'm the case Of reduction from
40 to IS hours. 1t is necessary, II
there is to be no decreases in weekly
wages, to get an hourly wage in
crease Of l4.3 per cent. This is a
larger increase than most unions
can negotiate at one time.
"A reduction of ga hours a
week. from 40 to 37ia. on the other
hand. requires an hourly increase
Of 81 per cent. which is more nearly
within the range Of negotiating
strength OF most unions"
Mr.. Goldfinger told the confer
ence the reduction OF standard
working hours probably will take
different forms in different indus
tries. He said the three-day week
end may be achieved in some in
dustries. while others move to a
seven or six-hour day. flve-day
week. Elsewhere. he said reduction
of working time may mean longer
paid vacations and more paid holi-
days.
4 Unions will push for shorter
De hours first in prosperous In
dustries where there have been
great chronological improvements.
The International Union Of Elec-
trical Workers will discuss the
shorter working week at an eco
nomic conference in Louisville, KY,
scheduled for September 10 and 10.
A wage program too is expected
to come out OF this meeting. An
IUEW spokesman says the union
would favor shorter week as a
means Of cutting down on lay
offs. He points out that while a
worker might prefer more pay. on
the other hand he doesn't want to
lose his job.
The Communication Workers OF
America are planning to ask for
shorter hours too when they nego-
tate contracts next year.
This year the convention Of the
Oil Workers International Union
went on record favoring a 30-hour
week, two hours less than Mr..
Reuther espoused. The United
Steel Workers have said they will
seek six-hour day in 1853.
Mr.. Brandwein told the union
conference:
"Where an industry or company
with a 40-hour week has provided
year-round full employment land
some overtime work.. union bar
gaining attention. has been direct
ed almost entirely to gaining wage
increases and benefit improvements.
not To reduction in hours schedules.
But where chronological and
economic developments have threat
ened displacement of workers,
many unions quickly have turned
TO consider the possibility Of short
err hours Of work as means Of
aiding the stabilizing OF employ
ment."
John l.. Lewis and his United
Mine Workers have different sit
uation. Mr.. Lewis says the coal
operators can't afford TO. give
shorter hours without reduction
in pay and still meet competition
OF oil, gas and water power, with
atomic energy looming In the
future.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28
DESPITE REUTER- MOVE
Money Is Still the Main Objective Of Lobo

velope than in increased leisure
time. The chief argument to be
used to sway him from that posi-
ton is that the shorter work week
would spread the work where tech
biological improvements-automa-
tion-are reducing the need for
manpower. That is the situation
in the automobile industry. where
Mr.. Reuther holds forth.
In a paper presented to the
AFL-CIO conference, Nat Goldfin-
ger, economist for the AFL-CIO
Research Department. reported
that in the auto industry, despite
a rise in output between 1853 and
1855. employment slipped in those
years from 767 900 to 761 200. Thus.
it may be that the auto workers
believe it's better to work shorter
hours than not at all.
Another argument for shorter
hours Is that 1t could mean more
overtime pay. Shorter working days
have a special appeal for women
who see the opportunity to get
home in time to take care Of their
household duties. Some men see
free time as a chance to take q
part-time job.
Not Like the Old Dogs
The situation today is very Diff
ferent from the time when men
were working IL hours a day and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28
A TURKISH VIEW
Cyprus Issue Is Far From Solved

a temporary basis and was coded
to Britain in 1923 by Turkey by
the Treaty of Lausanne, to which
Greece was a party.
Today the population Of Cyprus
is 100000; four fifths of it is
ethnically Greek. But 81 per cent
of the land area is owned by the
Turks, who are .predominantly
farmers, whereas Greeks are the
islands merchants and profess
SIGNALS.
Population Foctors
In practice. the factor of popula-
ton has seldom been the sole or
determining factor in the delinea-
ton of national boundaries. For
instance. Western Thrace, a part
OF the Ottoman Empire for four
centuries. was assigned by the
Treaty Of Lausanne to Greece, all
though the majority Of The popu-
lation was ethnically Turkish and
the area was contiguous to Turkey.
In the case Of the Aaland Islands
of Finland. the majority OF the
people were Swedish. but the
League Of Nations. recognizing
strategical reasons. ceded them to
Finland.
Strategic factors are even more
important in the case Of Cyprus.
The island in unfriendly hands
could seal the Turkish ports of
Mersin and Iskenderun. This would
complete the enlightenment Of the
Turkish shoreline, making any
American or British aid by sea
impossible in case of war.
Economically Cyprus is not able
to feed itself. During World War II
1t lived on imports from Turkey.
Under self-government 1t could
easily become another impover-
ished area to be supported by mil
lions OF American dollars every
year.
II both Turkey and Greece re-
main adamant in their present
attitudes, there is little hope for 6
lasting peace In Cyprus. Unless
both sides are reasonable in reach
ing solution. the only gamers
from the unhappy conflict will be
the Soviets.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28

six years ago, 1t was a peaceful is
land Of 100000 contented people.
The Cypriots paid only a minor
tax, had no military obligations.
and prices we're the lowest in Eu-
rope. There was complete political
freedom on the island.
A Choneed Scene
But two years later, a second visit
revealed blight. Terrorists, whose
political ideals are largely a vague
quantity, killed Cypriots who criti-
cized them or who dared to oppose
union with Greece.
In dispatches to the Istanbul
newspaper Cumhuriyet. this COR
respondent outlined the clear
danger OF Communist gains II the
terror continued. The on-the-spot
stories also asserted that Greece.
by creating an artificial movement
Of independence in Cyprus. was
trying to annex the island.
Cyprus. 683 miles from the
Greek mainland but visible from
Turkey, has never in history be-
longed to Greece. The island was
occupied by the British IN 1873 on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28
New York's Labor Sku||duqqery

In q way-but a much more
subtle and sophisticated way than
in the l920s-the New York hood
lum element in the Transfers
worked quite like the enforcers of
the Chicago underworld in prohi-
bition times. although they seem
TO have paid much more attention
to the outward forms OF legality
than did the oldtimers.
Much publicity was given early
In the rackets inquiry. to the pa
per locals" which abounded in
New York. A pail OF quiet has
settled over the paper locals re-
Gently, mainly because of the
exposed position in which their
sponsors find themselves.
A paper local. in a nutshell, was
this: The Transfers would grant
a local union charter 10 an opera
tor such as Johnny Dio. He might
or might not organize a few truck
drivers and collect dues from them.
But this was not the real point OF
the charter; 1t lay rather in the fact
that the Transfers Joint Council.
a regional organization, was or
ganized quite similarly to the
United Nations General Assembly
with representation on a unit
rather than a membership basis
Thus one man controlling half q
dozen paper locals swung six times
the weight In the council as that
swung by legitimate union leader
who headed one legitimate local.
Some hoods" going into the
union business for what could be
made out Of 1t as a racket, were
astonished TO find that there was
ample room for legitimate union
activity. That discovery caused a
goon-turned-legit TO comment To q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28
BY WILLIAM HINES

Senator McClellan's Select Com
mittee on Labor Management Rack
eteering Is putting the finishing
touches on an inquiry into skull
duggery in labor in the New York
metropolitan area.
Closed-door hearings were still
going on late last week in New York
as committee staffers tried to tie
together the last loose ends. No
definite starting date for the hear
ings has been set. When they do
begin. sometime in May, they will
take about 10 exciting days.
Committee members are reluctant
to reveal all the unions which will
be involved in the hearings. It is
known that the Transfers and the
Operating Engineers will figure
prominently. but beyond that the
committee wants to keep its infor-
nation to itself.
Three Are Mentioned
Three we'll known names--two
prominent in the underworld and
the other prominent in the labor
world--will figure in the New York
inquiry. They are John Dioguardi,
better known as Johnny Do;
Anthony Corralo, alias TONY
Ducks" and James r. Hoffa, the
little king" Of organized team
sterdom.
Thanks TO the underworld char
acters, the committee already has
discovered great number Of
extortion cases. mainly involving
management. A common practice
was for a hoodlum In control OF
Teamster local to offer a rela-
lively soft contract TO q beleaguered
employer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28

Does not include 81 days in Denver
ond Gettysburg while Mr.. Eisenhower con-
voleseed from his heort ottock.
Among the three top travelling
Presidents, Mr.. Eisenhower leads
with an average of 81 trips per
year, compared with % each for
Mr.. Roosevelt and Mr.. Truman.
During his first four years in
Office, Mr.. Eisenhower made 109
journeys away from Washington,
including 10 to Augusta, Ca, and
% to his farm at Gettysburg, Pa.
Mr.. Roosevelt took 287 trips in his
IL years. while Mr.. Truman rang
UP lit trips in his seven years and
nine months in the White House.
AS Mr.. Eisenhower quickly dis
covered on entering the White
House. golfing Presidents have long
raised bugaboo in the public
mind.
William Mckinley, who started
the tradition, created a storm in
1899 when he appeared on the golf
course at Hot Springs, Va.-not
for playing but for letting people
see him swing at the little white
ball.
Next came Theodore Roosevelt,
with his flashing teeth and cries of
"bully!" when he whacked the ball,
but the sport was too tame for his
explosive nature. After a few
rounds, he went back to boxing,
wrestling. jiu Jitsu and bear hunt
ing.
william Howard Taft, despite
his enormous girth, was a dyed-in-
the-wool golf enthusiast. Political
advisers begged him to conceal the
fact that he was playing the new
tangled" game during an election
campaign. but he ignored them.
The spectacle Of President Taft
on the tee made experts vince. and
the huge-bellied President himself
described his game as humble
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28
By ROGER GREENE

Since the days of George WASH
ington almost every American
President has come under fire for
straying from his desk in times Of
crisis.
Washington was taking a leisure
" three month vacation at his be-
loved Mount Vernon when Indians
on the warpath inflicted bloody de-.
feat on American forces across the
mountains in Ohio. It took two
months for news of the disaster to
reach him.
Woodrow Wilson was playing golf
when a messenger brought him the
news that German U-boat had
torpedoed the Lusitania, signaling
Germany's resumption of unre-
stricted submarine warfare in
World War I.
Franklin d. Roosevelt often made
vital decisions affecting World War
II, without benefit Of his cabinets
advice, while week-ending at Hyde
Park. N. Y.
And Harry s. Truman loved to
cruise the Potomac or bask in the
sun at the Key West (FlaJ Naval
Station while crucial events were
brewing in the East-West cold war.
He was visiting his home town of
Independence, Mo-. when the Ko-
rean War broke out.
Criticism Of the Nations long
string of footloose Presidents has
been tempered somewhat by grow
ing recognition of the fact that a
President. too. is human and is
desperately impelled, at times. to
escape from the terrible burdens
and tensions Of the highest office
in the land.
Yet the question remains whether
q President should leave the Capital
for an extended period while crit
ical problems are piling up on his
desk.
Adams Was on Absentee
It is an old controversy. John
Adams, the Nations second Presi-
dent, virtually paralyzed the Gov
eminent in 1899 when he stayed at
the bedside Of his ailing wife, Abb
gail. in Quincy. Mass, while this
country was on the brink of war
with France. Pleas from his cab
met to return to the capital at
Philadelphia left him mistaken: he
remained at Quincy for more than
five months.
The absentee" President issue
cropped UP again last month when
President Eisenhower embarked on
the cruiser Canberra for a six-day
journey outside the United States
to confer with British Prime Min
lister Harold Macmillan in Ber-
muda.
With Vice President Nixon still
away on his African goodwill tour
and President Eisenhower and Sec
rotary Of State Dulles both in Ber-
muda. the country was left without
the immediate services Of the three
top figures in the administration
chain Of command. In effect, no.
body was left to mind the store" in
Washington at q shaky stage Of the
Middle East crisis.
: Criticism of Mr.. Eisenhower's
outgoings for golf. fishing and quail
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28
BY METIN ERGN

The recent release Of Archbishop
Makarios from his Seychelles Is
lands exile. far from leading to q
solution of the Cyprus problem.
may complicate it further. And
unless the Cyprus crisis is solved
with wisdom and justice. the Vests
defenses In the Middle East and the
Baghdad Pact are threatened.
1t is sometimes forgotten that
the Cyprus problem is three-sided.
M. Ersin. q Turkish newspopermon. is in
the United Stsies under the Stote De-
portment's exchange program for jour-
nalists. He presents here his view Of
the Cyprus crisis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28
GoIfing, Mentioning
And the Presidency

hunting has dwindled perceptibly
since his heart attack m September,
1855. Recently. however. there has
been an upsurge Of barbed comment
on Capitol Hill about the frequent
excursions of the President and his
chief associates away from the
Washington scene. despite the fact
that they are in direct communica-
ton with the White House-even on
the golf course.
A Look at the Record
Here. at a glance. is the record
on presidential travels over the last
half century:
Average mileose per yeor in office:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-28

The situation today is very Diff
ferent from the time when men
were working IL hours a day and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-11
Perry Cleveland, 90, Leader
In Shepherd Park Civic Group

Perry Cleveland. 80. a leadin,
citizen Of the Shepherd Parl
area since 1919, died yesterda,
OF a heart attack.
Mr.. Cleveland was stricken a.
a friends home as he was com.
pleting his annual Easter Doem
which, in addition to a Christ.
mas poem. was printed every
year and mailed to his friends
He had written many poems and
hymns. and had published pri-
vately a small book Of his poems
His home at 1901 Geranium
street NV. was one Of the first
houses in the Shepherd Park
area. The Shepherd Park Citi-
zens Association. then called the
Sixteenth Street Heights Citi-
zens Association. was formed in
his home. AS an active member
through the years, he took a
particular interest In streets and
sidewalks.
A builder by profession, Mr..
Cleveland worked as a foreman
with Harry Wardman when the
Wardman Park Hotel was being
built. Later. he was in business
with his son. Herbert. A special
list in remodeling. the elder Mr..
Cleveland did the old Alexander
Graham Bell house and the old
Corcoran Art Gallery. He re-
tired about 20 years ago.
Born in Lakeville. Conn. No
vember 10. 1866, he was a direct
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-11

descendant of William Bradford
of Massachusetts and a col
lateral descendant of President
Grover Cleveland. He had beer
a resident Of the Washington
area for So years.
Mr.. Cleveland was an active
member OF the Northminster
Presbyterian Church here. and
also belonged to the Super Sixty
Club at Epiphany Episcopa,
Church.
He also had an extensive rock
and mineral collection.
Mr.. Cleveland was the last
surviving member of his immedi.
ate family. His wife. May Shaw
Cleveland. died in l948.
He is survived by four sons anc
three daughters: James Of the
home address; Robert of Nor.
folk; Herbert Of 1910 Holly ave.
nue., Takoma Park. Md; Phillip
of Hyattsville: Mrs. Lillian Neu.
berger. Dover. N. j.; Mrs. George
c. Duval. 2799 North Washing
ton boulevard, Arlington, anc
Mrs. Dorothy c. Nash. Of the
home address. Also surviving
are nine grandchildren and eight
great grandchildren.
Survives will be held at Il m
Saturday at the S. H. Hine.
funeral home. 1901 Fourteenth
street NV. Burial will be In
Andrew Chapel Cemetery In
Vienna, Va.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-11
|H.A. Wilkinson, 49, Dies,
Ex-Commerce OfficioI

DR.. Herbert A. wilkinson, 10
q retired Commerce Depart
ment official, died of a heart at
tack yesterday at Suburban
Hospital. DR.. Wilkinson had
had a heart condition for sew
|eral years.
He retired in 1853 as director
Iof the Commerce Department.
International Travel Division
after suffering a severe heart
attack while making a speech
in Fee, Morocco.
Born In Mitchell, s. OAK, DR.
Wilkinson attended Cornell Col
lege in Mount Vernon. Iowa, and
in 1929 received a bachelor Of
arts degree from Johns Hopkins
University. He received a Pho
degree in international law al
Johns Hopkins in 1882, and Q
law degree from Georgetown
University in 1947.
After service from 1888 tic
194l with the Agricultural Ad.
justment Administration, he be.
came chief of export control fol
the Board of Economic Warfare
He Joined the Commerce De.
partment after active duty as q
Navy lieutenant from 1943 tt
1916.
DR.. Wilkinson was one Of the
founders of the international
Union Of Official Travel Organi-
cations and served as its presi.
dent in 1861.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-11

education in the Alexandria
schools and was graduated from
the Virginia Military Institute
in 1908.
He was member of the
Northern Virginia VMI Alumni
Club. the Alexandria Chamber
of Commerce. the Belle Haven
Country Club and the Andrew
Jackson Masonic Lodge.
He is survived by a son, Wal
lace Robins Lindsey. .215 Fairfax
road, Alexandria: three daugh-
tiers. Lisa Anderson Lindsey of
New York City. Mrs. Philip Van
Weller of Jacksonville, Fla, and
Mrs. Howard Deiderich of 2l8
Fairfax road, Alexandria; three
sisters. Mary Lindsey and Mrs.
Overton Price of 1905 South
Washington street, Alexandria.
and Mrs. Charles Shears of 59l9
Eighteenth street. Arlington, and
10 grandchildren.
Funeral services will be con-
Quoted by the Rev. o. v. T.
Chamberlain of st. Pauls Epis-
copal Church of Baileys Cross
Roads. Va, at IL am. Saturday
in st. Pauls Episcopal Church
in Alexandria. Burial will be in
Ivy Hill Cemetery.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-11
William W. Poole,
Descendant of
Maryland Settler

William Wallace Poole, 80, a
lifelong resident Of Montgomery
County, died Tuesday. following
"a lengthy illness at the Maple
Lane Sanitarium.
Mr.. Poole. a descendant Of the
first settler Of Poolesville. Md,
was born there. He operated his
family farm until he took a
position with the Montgomery
County Circuit Court, many
years ago.
Throughout his life, Mr.. Poole
was active in st. Peters Episco-
pal Church in Poolesville, where
he had been a vestryman and
warden for more than a quarter
century.
He Is survived by a daughter,
Mrs. William Wallace Of Chevy
Chase. Md.
Funeral services will be held
in Hilton's funeral home, Barnes
vile. Md. at 2 pm. tomorrow.
Burial will be in Monacacy
Cemetery. Beallsville. Md. In lieu
of flowers. contributions may be
made to st. Peters Church.