davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12
Little Rock and Civil Rights

Congress just ended is epo-
chal. It is the worst blow to
the dual system Of govern
ment inflicted in the history
Of the Republic.
For the States have been
placed in the role Of subor-
dinate satellites Of the Fed
eraI Government. Their Gov
ernors. their justices. their
mayors and their sheriffs
now can be ccurt-martialed
at any time by Federal in
junction. They no longer are
independent. self-governing
units.
"Only q patriotic and im-
partial minded Supreme
Court of the United States
can strike down this usurpa-
ton Of power by Congress.
The membership Of the pres
ent court ~ itself recently
guilty Of usurpation--afford
however, little hope of saving
the constitutional system.
THE legislators call the
new measure. for instance. O
law on civil rights. They
have made millions of persons
believe that only the right
to-vote issue is involved. Ac-
tually, the new law is a con-
domination OF State govern
ment in America-its capac-
ity to rule. This deprives the
States Of their historic right
: to determine for themselves
what the qualifications Of
voters shall be and whether
State, county and city ON
Gals are properly enforcing
such State laws. This opens
the way at any time for the
central government to break
down the authority Of State
governments on any question
by further use Of the same
principle of Federal authority
now written into the civil
rights legislation"
Only four days later the
prediction in that memoran-
dunn came true. There is
chaos today in the relations
between the States and the
Federal Government. Foot
note for history: In this
tragic hour, the President
and the Congress and the
Supreme Court Of the United
States are away from WASH
tngton on vacation.
Reproduction Rights Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12

cessions which the SPD would
offer simply are not enough.
AS If to spoil Mr.. Ollenhau-
er's election chances. Mr.. Khru-
shchev said again IN Berlin on
August 8 that Russia would ac-
cept nothing less than a dis
manteling Of NArO. the ADAM
donment Of Europe by America
and preservation Of Communist
power in a "confederated." not
united. Germany.
Mr.. Ollenhauer says one
doesn't really know what the
Russian terms are until a rea-
sonable offer has been made.
He wants to make the offer.
And il the offer is rejected.
he says. the SPD will think up
new offers and keep trying until
a workable plan for reuniflca-
ton and European security is
found. Flexibility will get Ger
many and the West what 1t
wants. not the rigid policies of
Adenauer and Dulles.
Adenauer Advises Strength
To this Chancellor AdenaueT
snorts. nonsense. He accuses
the SPD Of trying to throw
away every advantage the West
has in the cold war without any
guarantee return. He says the
only way the two Germanies
can be reunited is for the West
ern half to be strong and to
have strong friends in NATO.
| Eventually. the CDU leader
tells his campaign audiences
Russia will see the futility Of
maintaining the division Of
Germany and then reuniiica-
ton will come-with all the
Western cards played carefully
and one by one.
This also has little appeal tt
the West Germans. but since
they can see no real alterna.
tive to waiting and since theS
do not want to be weak. theS
have gone along in two post.
war elections with Mr.. AIDE.
nauer. All the pollsters here
say the voters again will sup.
port the 8l-year-old Chancel-
lor on the 18th.
Tomorrow: chonees for victory
end q new Germon foreign policy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12
Red Trade: WN-o'- the-Wisp

that was iend-lease with the
exports Of foodstuffs. arms
and entire factories being
financed by the American
taxpayers.
Now whatever useful ex-
portable goods are available
in Communist China are
being shipped to the USSR.
Only a relatively trivial
quantity is available for the
despised Western capitalists.
But the leaders Of the Peo-
pies Republic are quite will
ing to trade" on very long
term credits.
I'VE of the United States
and the West" my informant
added. ARE making the mis-
take Of forgetting that from
the middle Of the 18th CEN
tury to the time the Japanese
invaded Manchuria and then
China proper, the huge
profits made by the Western
concerns were not the result
of actual import-export trade.
but Of exploitation Of the
Chinese resources"
There was in those days a
free economy in China, and
the Western trade and trad
ers were protected by their
own courts Of law-not subs
ject to Chinese Jurisdiction.
The WeSterner could do no
wrong in China. His invest
ments-and they were large
were protected by his own
courts and backed at times
by troops and warships.
Those days have gone and
will never return. and this is
as it should be. But no re-
munerative trade seems pos
sible when the trader must
do business with a Commu-
mist regime which recognizes
only its own arbitrary will
and decisions. But what is
even more important is the
fact that China does not have
now. and won't have in years
to come. anything to offer for
the substantial amount Of
imports it needs.
Let us not forget that the
Communist economy is still
geared for war and conquests.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12
CONSTANTINE BROWN
British Businessmen Find Peiping Lacks
Cash to Buy and Goods to Barter

HONG KONG (By AIR
maiD THE closer you are
to Communist China. the
DINNER the prospects Of
lush business profits from
the Peiping regime"-tl1is is
the consensus Of RESPONSE.
BILE businessmen in this coll
ony who have had years Of
experience in the China
trade.
The fact is. Hong Kong
businessmen say, the Com
munists have very little to
offer for bartering purposes
and have practically no hard
currency for the imports
they need. These range from
foods to heavy machine tools
and strategic materials.
The most disappointed
men are the traders from
Britain who used their influ-
ence on their government to
recognize Communist China
some seven years ago. And
they forced the hand of
Prime Minister Macmillan to
practically do away with the
EN- barge on Communist
China trade which was inn
posed when the Reds entered
the Korean war.
1t is difiicult to gather. in
formation giving a clear pic
ture of the situation in only
a week in Hong Kong. But
this reporter was fortunate
to meet, in addition to Amer
lean officials. distinguished
retired American business
man who appears to know
most of the answers. He oc-
cupies q plush apartment in
the famed Peninsula Hotel,
and rumors that he may be
a Central Intelligence Agency
man ION expense account
only" appear to be well
founded. There seems to be
no valid reason for him to
spend so much time in this
city where the temperature
and humidity seldom 60 be-
low 90 at this time Of year.
The story told to me by
this Enthusiastically con-
flrmed by some American ON
cials here's as follows:
When the British govern
ment announced the removal
Of some 200 items heretofore
banned by the nations which
fought in the Korean war,
British traders rushed to
Hong Kong with their wares.
They wanted to be on the
spot to open up trade with
Communist China
The Chinese allowed the
traders to come into their
country to talk over ways and
means Of resuming business.
But they raised the same diff
flculties they had been rais-
ing with the Japanese. At
first they said the lifting of
the embargo was not sum-
GENTLY comprehensive and
some materials still on the
strategic list must be in.
cluded. The representatives
of British industry told them
that this might be arranged.
Eventually. however, the
truth came out. There were
neither cash nor bartering
goods available in the Com
munist land for the compre-
hensive trade the British had
hoped for.
The Peiping economists put
their cards on the table.
What about long-term cred
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12
US Urged to Exhibit Calm, Build
Confidence and Seek ConciIiotion

World War II, had a stable
government.
The only Arab state with
which Syria has cordial rela-
tions is Egypt. But Egypt
certainly does not want any
new outbreaks in the Middle
East: and NaSSer's influence
has patiently been moder-
ating upon the present Syrian
government.
In case Of war, the Soviets
would be unable to render
effective aid to Syria or to
Egypt. That, at least. was
the Judgment Of Israeli,
British and French military
experts who launched the
Suez attack on that assump-
ton and conviction. West
ern air and naval forces con-
troll the area.
Now. at a moment when
the disarmament conference
in London has ended in dead
lock, we are airlifting arms
to Jordan. Iraq and Lebanon.
ostensibly for the purpose Of
strengthening these states
against a possible armed at
tack by Syria. This / hold,
for already stated reasons, to
be wholly unlikely. A pro-
Communist Syria possesses
capacities for making in
ternal trouble in the sur
rounding Arab states. whose
underground Communist par
ties are headed by a Syrian
and directed from Damascus.
But it is difficult for this
columnist to see just how
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12

particularly the Dodgers-in
greater New York, it win do
Mr.. Rockefeller no harm. Ger
tainly it would be a novel ap-
proach to political preferment.
Not In Race Yet
Mr.. Rockefeller, who has held
q number Of important ofhcial
positions in Washington in re-
cent years-the most recent as
an aide at the White House
has not announced himself q
candidate for Governor. But
his friends have intimated he
might like to try for the nomi-
nation. and so far 1t has aot
been denied.
Should he run and win the
nomination. the result would
be a contest between two
millionaires = Mr.. Rockefeller
against Gov. Averell Hartman,
the Democratic incumbent. Mr..
Hartman is regarded as def
nitely in the race, with the
thought in the back Of his
head that If he can be re-
elected Governor Of New York
in 1858. he could be a strong
contender for his party's presi-
dental nomination in 1860.
Indeed, Mr.. Rockefeller's
name has been included again
and again in a list Of prominent
potential candidates for the
G. O.P. gubernatorial nomina-
tion-and most strongly in re-
cent weeks. The list comprises,
in addition to Mr.. Rockefeller,
former Congressman and for
mer Republican National Chair
man Leonard w. Hall. Oswald
Heck, Speaker Of the New York
Assembly. Majority Leader
Walter Mahoney Of the State
Senate. Senator Javits and Re-
publican State Chairman judi
son Morhouse. Attorney Gen.
eral Brownell has definitely
taken himself out Of the pic
ture, despite a draft movement
for him.
Hall Undecided
Mr.. Hall, who recently re-
turned from months trip tc
Europe. is telling his friends
he has not yet decided whether
he will seek the nomination
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12

Syria Is an Arab state
with q population Of fewer
than 4 million. with a short
seacoast on the Mediterra-
mean, otherwise completely
surrounded by Turkey. Leba-
non, Iraq. Jordan and Israel.
with none Of which she has
good relations. She has no
frontier on Egypt.
The Syrian army did not
participate mihtarily in the
defense Of Egypt against
Israel. France and Britain
q year ago. It has been re-
armed practically from
scratch) by the Soviet bloc
during the past year. The ex-
tent Of this armament is
largely a matter Of specu-
lation, but in the opinion Of
those Western military OBJ
servers in Damascus with
whom / talked last spring
the amout Of such arms has
been considerably exagger-
ated, and nobody who has
had a chance to observe
Syrian troops has a high
opinion of their battle-readi-
ness or capacity against such
neighbors as Turkey or Israel.
Now. recently. a coup of
military officers. repeatedly
completely pro-Soyiet. has
taken over the power. It I'M
doubtedly-like the four pre-
ceding military coups - has
opponents within the army
and the civilian government.
Syria has never, since it
achieved independence after
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12
Dispute Seen Proving Prediction That Bill
\ Is Blow to Dual Government in u. S.

Many persons say frankly
in conversations with their
neighbors that the Governor
ought to be Jailed, but the
average citizen today knows
little about our dual system
Of government. Lack of
education in the schools on
the constitutional rights of
the States, plus the steady
whiting away Of those
rights BY q usurping Federal
Government, aided by q
usurping Supreme Court. has
persuaded many citizens
that, of course. anything the
Federal Government does is
right in ell controversies with
the States.
why don't you remove the
Wisconsin Senator from
ofilce?" Wrote many citizens
to President Eisenhower in
1855. They didn't seem to
realize that there is q
guarantee Of freedom Of
speech in the Constitution.
Nor did they know APP
parently that the States are
supposed to be sovereign. But
now a Governor is to be in
terrupted in his duties and
perhaps removed by a
Federal court and put in Jail.
Nor do the people gener-
ally understand that a Gov
ernor can be tried now with
out a jury and sentenced to
jail by the same judge who
makes the charge and acts
as prosecuting attorney,
Judge and jury. Congress de-
bated this very issue recent
ly in connection with the
civil rights" bill but sur
rendered to the concept Of a
Federal dictatorship. There
are no jury trials in civil
contempt" cases.
This correspondent made
a memorandum for himself
on Saturday. August 81, APP
ropos the passage Of the
civil rights" legislation by
Congress and put it in his
files to be read a year hence.
The memorandum read as
follows:
The damage done to con-
stitutional government by a
majority at the session Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12
DOROTHY THOMPSON
Too Much Hysteri0 Over Syria

more copious ornaments will
help these states to contend
against political and terror
list subversions.
There are popular opposi-
ton movements by no means
all Communist in all the
states which we are rearming
as alarm grows" in WASH
ington. Were the govern
ments Of any Of these coun-
tries to change, we would
have no guaranty whatever
that American arms would
not fall into the hands Of
anti-American. pro-Russian
andfor Communist armies.
Nor can ] see how these
historical alarms. emanating
from die country with the
worlds most powerful feet
and most strategically placed
sir force in the Middle East.
can contribute to the calming
Of the area advocated by the
United Nations Security
Council.
What all the nations Of the
Middle East need more than
anything else are peace. quiet.
financial stability and social
reform. What America needs
to show is quiet strength.
creating confidence. while
working for reconciliation. A
great power that goes into a
much-publicized other over
Developments in Syria is not
doing this.
The real concern about
Syria is the pipeline. severed
during the Suez crisis. But it
is difncult to see how military
measures can prevent such
sabotage, which is not to Syr-
las interest, either,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12

cold-war camps, and we will
promote an all-European Sc
curity system that will leave
both sides safe from an attack
by us or by the other side.
Fear Weakening Of West
The plan didn't seem to catch
the imagination OF the Siegen
crowd any more than it has
other Ollenhauer audiences.
But the plan has managed to
worry foreign observers Of the
German elections-particularly
Americans. They think the Oh
lenhauer plan would weaken the
West and leave Western Europe
open to communism.
Mr.. Ollenhauer and SPD Of
ficials spend a lot of time telling
foreigners that the plan
wouldn't hurt anybody at all
and that no one could bore more
anti Communist and demo-
cratic than the Social Demo-
Gratis. They explain IL this way:
The division Of Germany
keeps the cold war going, and
the cold war keeps Germany
divided. Some way has to be
found out OF this circle. Chris
tan Democratic and Western
policy is to be strong and tough
and TO negotiate with Russia
only for a Germany united in
free elections-and In NATO
This hasn't advanced reuni-
fication one step. the SPD says
and 1t never will. Why should
Russia be nice to the West and
let it have all Of Germany?
No Priority Demands
To break the stalemate. the
sPD says, the West must b.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12

or not. these leaders, who look
on him as a potential. II rot
active candidate for the nomi-
nation. say the effect may be
the same. II he finally emerges
as the angel who tipped the
scales in favor Of keeping a
National League ball club-and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12

its-sa rs years?" they
asked. Unless these were
granted. they added, there
would be no trade. And that
is where the matter rests.
The merchant princes Of
Hong Kong had no illusions
that any other trade than
bootleg operations on a CASH
and-carry basis was possible
with the Peoples Republic.
Their warnings were ignored
by their fellow businessmen
in London and Manchester
who suspected their fellow
tradesrnen Of being pref
udiced against the new Chi
pese regime. Thus the British,
Germans and to q lesser ex-
tent the Swiss and French
fiocked to Hong Kong to be
on hand with their merchan-
disc when the flood gates
were opened. They are dis
appointed men and wonder
ing whether they have been
made political patsies by
Peiping which exploited their
hunger for trade for its own
ends.
The present situation is
not unlike that in our own
country after 1888 when
President Roosevelt departed
from the policies Of the three
previous Republican admin
istrations and recognized the
USSR. In those days of de-
preston in America, he and
a large number of American
industrialists believed that
recognition Of the Soviet
regime would bring about
vast orders from a country
with q population Of ITO
million who needed every
thing from shoes 20 indus
trial machinery. The volume
Of business was, however.
sadly Disappointing.
It was not until World War
II that the United States was
able to pour into Russia some
$i2 billion in four years. But
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12
Third Of q Series

--->--~~-~----~~--- -~------~-~~~----~-
losing again to the Christian
Democrats. And he was ex-
asperated because he couldn't
find an issue to really stir the
fat, comfortable West Ger
mans.
So he offered the crowd
a mixture Of workers from the
Siegen factories and gray
green clad farmers from the
surrounding area formula
for gaining reuniication-and
victory for the SPD.
Says CDU Hasn't Tried
First, he said. Germany must
really try to get reuniflcation
Mr.. Adenauer hasn't tried. He's
too tied up in outmoded
schemes for hardening the cold
war, Herr Ollenhauer said, and
he's not at all interested in
seeing East German voters
make the Social Democrats the
leading party in a united Ger
many.
Wen make an honest at
tempt TO unity Germany in
peace and freedom. Herr Oh
lenhauer continued. We can
only get unity II both the
Western powers and Russia
want to give 1t, so we'll offer a
plan both will find attractive.
In short, we'll agree TO keep a
united Germany out Of both
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12
RockefeIIer's Bid Seen
Possible Political Sign
BY GOULD LINCOLN

Nelson Rockefers offer to aid financially plans TO keep
the Brooklyn Dodgers New York giving Mr. Rockefeller
wide and favorable publicity. regarded by Republic
nleaders there the direction Of winning the
O. o. p gubernatorial nomination next year.
Whether Mr. Rockefeller actuated political ambitions
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12
DECISION IN GERMANY
KremIin's No Is Main
Fact on Identification
BY RICHARD FRYKLUND
European correspondent Of The star

SEGEN Germany-Erich olenhauer leader of the Social
Democratic Party shook his head like angry bear and
gowed out his doubts that Chancellor Adenauer really
wants Germany to be reunited.
Herr Olenhauer in bad mood and he had reasons
Like other Germans. was distressed that Germany
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12

ready to move ahead on all
aspects Of reunification and
reduction Of cold war tensions.
There should be no priority de-
mands. There should be no
talk Of free elections before re-
uniflcation: no insistence on
reunification before disarma-
ment.
The merger Of East and West
Germany should be gradual,
and free elections should come
somewhere along the gradual
process. not at the start of it.
simultaneously. the West
should work out a security
agreement with all the Eastern
European nations in which all
would pledge to come to the
aid Of anyone attacked. Russia
and the United States also
would take the pledge. Both
sides would agree to leave Ger
many out Of either NATO or
the Warsaw pact.
With development Of the Sc
curity system, there would be a
natural tendency toward dis
armament. NATO and the
Warsaw pact would become
useless and would wither away
All European nations would be
armed to the extent the United
Nations thought necessary to
safeguard the whole European
security system.
Eventually. the cold war
would end, and Germany would
be united. An honest election
would give the Communist
perhaps 10 per cent Of the vote
in Germany, so the government
would be free, democratic and
non-Communist.
That would be a pleasant
path to reunification and world
peace, but Herr Ollenhauei
doesn't seem to be able to sell
1t to a majority Of the West
German voters-or at least his
party would be amazed to gel
a majority vote on September
is.
Russia Against Plan
There are several reasons
why the plan is languishing. but
the most obvious is that the
Russians have made 1t as clear
as words and deeds can make
anything clear that they will
not accept the offer. The con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12

remains divided. And as a
Social Democrat he was parti-
cularly distressed that the divi-
sion leaves the bulk Of his party
supporters behind the Iron
Curtain. He was angry be-
cause his party appears TO be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12
SPORTS COATS

good selection Of fine wooden sports coats in your
favOrite In colors match blend with
variety Of slacks and everywhere.
FarnsUOrth Sports Goats $45 to SIS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12

Tomorrow: chonees for victory
and q new GeFmon foreign policy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12
Preface to Fall -.
NEW FOR THIS SEASON

In the best Farnsworth tradition of quality,
style and craftsmanship at sensibly reason.
able price.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12

To break the stalemate. the
sPD says, the West must be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-12
SUITS

Elegant wOoens from the worlds finest mills Suits by
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FGTnslUOrth Suits - SIS to SIPS
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1957-06-13
Council President Fails
To UlSeGHI CiIy Policeman

gartner made the statement that
he was going to have Arnold fired
and attempted to arrange a spe-
cial meeting. This did not material
iZe
At Mondays meeting Dr. Baum
gartner said he wanted something
done about Arnold screaming at
his wife and insulting her. Arnold
denied he had made any insulting
remarks or had screamed, and
asked the doctor to bring in his
witnesses to prove it.
Arnold said the doctor then adj
mitted receiving summons
through the mail but said he didn't
consider it legal, and dared him
to appear in person to serve the
summons.
When DR.. Baumgartner asked
who had given Arnold authority to
send him a summons Mayor Smith
broke in to remind Baumgartner
that he had given Arnold full au-
thority and had instructed him to
show no favoritism or Partially to
anyone He also reminded Baum
gartner that the city charter gave
the Mayor full authority over the
police department and that he
Continued on Page Three