davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The coastland times. [volume] (Mnateo [i.e. Manteo], N.C.) 1947-1959, 1957-08-23
SUMMER FERRY SChEDu JULES.
effective. Luna 1-september 30. 1857
OREGON INtsr reRRx

OREGON INLET FERRY
7rips each thirty minutes. on the hour
opd holf-hovT. from eoch side Of the Inlet;
First srips and iosf.tsips as follows:
ScUthbovnd Nogthbovnd
500 AN $50 AN.
asa s.M.. z.osS'p.M
The coastland times. [volume] (Mnateo [i.e. Manteo], N.C.) 1947-1959, 1957-08-23
KENNEK EET TOWNSHIP
R0DANTHE-SALVO-WAVES
DISTRICTS

Nancy Pugh Austin, lot and
bldg. ..............................-....... 7.56
Perry Gates Farrow, 8 lots
and bldgs. ..................,......... 2O.O6
Asa Hamilton Gray, Jr., 21a
acres, lot and bldg. . 36.44
John Edgar Herbert.
acres o.oz
Nora E. Herbert, Is acres, 2
lots and bldgs. ................-.. 45.43
Leslie M. Hooper, bldg. .... 11.34
Calvin w. Meekins, 8 lots, l
acre 1893
Chester Midget Est. l acre,
l lot and bldg. ....-. 1856
David Blivens Midget, Est,
lot and bldg. .................2 1.27
Elmer v. Midget, "a acres ..... 1925
Frank Midget, Est, 8 acres :. 3.73
John A. Midget, Est, 10
acres 1928
Luke Midget. l lot, 3A
acres PAT
Mary Louise Midget, lot
and bldg. .......,,,,,...'........,,,,.. 6.7s
st. Clair Midget, 70 acres, 1
lot and bldg. ........ 11.50
The coastland times. [volume] (Mnateo [i.e. Manteo], N.C.) 1947-1959, 1957-08-23

and bldg. ............. 29.3O
George v. Payne. 40 acres and
Mrs. Lessie Payne. 10 acres
Olive Payne. 4 acres and
Riley Randolph Payne / acre
ana bldg. -------.-..---...-..-.-...--. 14.S6
Truxton Payne. l lot ...-........ 2.58
]. Hollis Twiddy. / lot ............ 2.5S
Dea Cahoon Twiford, " acre
and bldg. .-........---................ 1.53
Glenn Twiford. " acres and
bldg: 5000
Murl P. Twiford. land and
Leander Hayman Wise Est, A
acres and bldg. ................. 17.17
Leslie Harold Wise. 31s acres
ana DluR. --..--------------.......----.s 1917
, 1957-10-05
Anglicuns TO Observe
Annual Feust 81
Dedication Sunday

Members Of the Anglican
faith will observe the annual
feast of the dedication tomor-
row. At ST. Johns in Chris
tiansted the service will be
marked with a festival High
Mass and sermon by the Rev.
Father Roger Smith, the new
rector. His sermon will be
"The Dedication of a Christian
Church" The service will
bring to a close nine days OF
prayer that surround the fes-
tival. There will be a Holy
Hour a n d Benediction on
Thursday evening, October 10
at 7:3O.
Father Smith announced
also that the Parish Sunday
School will be open tomorrow.
Parents and children are ask
ed to report at 900 am. for
registration.
, 1957-10-05
Russidns Ldunch
Eurth Satellite;
Months Aheud Of us.

The Russians have launched
an earh satellite, that has
caused surprise and excite
ment throughout the world.
This first man-made earth
satellite is reported to be cir
cling the earth $50 miles up. It
was launched yesterday.
u. S. officials expressed the
belief that the Soviets might
have used their recently an
nounced intercontinental bal
listics missile to fling the
satellite into space.
The satellite is in the form
of a sphere about two feet in
diameter, weighing about 1870
pounds, and carries a radio
transmitter.
The satellite makes a COM
Continued on page y
, 1957-10-05
Legislature to Present
VdlrnY Thomds
With Pluque

The Legislature will present
a bronze plaque to Valmy
Thomas, on behalf of the peo-
pie of the Virgin Islands when
he arrives here on Tuesday,
October 9th, Alphonso S,
Holder, Executive Secretary
of the Legislature announced.
The plaque will be a bust
replica of Valmy Thomas, in
baseball uniform Of the New
York Giants, mounted on wal
nut, to appear at the top of a
tablet, directly below two
crossed baseball bats with
ball in center.
The inscription will be ITO
valmy Thomas. Virgin Islands
First Major Lacquer, 1857.
the People Of the Vir-
gin Islands of the United
States in recognition of wins
ming a place in the Baseball
continued on psga y
, 1957-10-05
Public Contribute
$226 for Government
House Reception

A final report by the Com
mittee in charge Of the recep-
ton for Valmy Thomas, shows
contributions totalling $226.61.
this amount $772O>was col
lected in Frederiksted and
$I49.41 in christiansted. James
Petersen was in charge of the
Frederiksted group and Mrs.
Anna Brodhurst in Christian
sted. $50 -
The st. .Creix Hotel Asso-
citation also contributed $50. as
did the Department of Tour
ISM ,
4 final meeting Of the Com
mittee will be held on Mon
day night to check on final
arrangements for Tuesday.
, 1957-10-05
Wuge, Hour Hearings
Set for Oct 18th
AL Govt. House

AT IOV I. Rouse
The ID. S. Department of
Agriculture announced re-
Gently that public hearings on
prices for the 1888 crop of
sugarcane in Puerto Rico, and
on wages and prices for sugar
cane for the 1858 calendar
year and the 1858 crop, respec-
lively, in the Virgin Islands,
will be held during October.
Designated cities, d a t e S,
places, and local time Of
hearings are:
At Santurce, Puerto Rico,
in the Conference Room of
the Agricultural Sterilization
and Conservation Office, Sc
CARA Guiding, on October 10,
1857. at $50 am,
At Christiansted, st. Croix,
Virgin Islands, in the District
Court Room at the Govern
ment House, on October Is,
1857, at $50 am.
Testimony will be received
at the hearings on ID fair and
reasonable prices for the 1857
So crop of sugarcane in Puer-
to Rico and for the 1858 crop
of sugarcane in the Virgin Is
lands to be paid by producers
who process sugarcane grown
by other producers, and % in
the Virgin Islands on fair and
reasonable wage rates for per-
sons employed in the produc-
ton, cultivation, or harvesting
Of sugarcane during the calen-
dar year 1858.
One Of the conditions which
producers must meet to quail
fly for payments under the
Sugar Act is to pay wage
rates not less than those de-
termined to be fair and rea-
sonable by the Secretary of
Oncluded on page ~
, 1957-10-05
S. Christiun Chose,
Former Councilman,
Dies in Hospitul

S. Christian Chase, former
pastor of the African Method
list Episcopal Church, and also
of the Municipal Council,
passed away at the Charles
HARDWOOD Memorial Hospital
at 8::45 pm, last night, accord
ing to a broadcast heard over
WIN.
Mr.. Chase was born in Brit
ish Guiana, where he received
his first education, and then
to the mainland of the United
States where he graduated
from Wherefore University
in Ohio.
He arrived here in the '2Os
as pastor of st. Luke's AME
Church at, Grove Place. He
separated from the church;
Continued on page y
, 1957-10-05
Dorothy Skeoch
Is Sophomore at
Wheaton College

Dorothy Skeoch, daughter of
Mr. and Mrs. R. Norman
Skeoch, Christiansted, Saint
Croix, Virgin Islands, has en-
rolled as a sophomore student
at Wheaton College, Illinois.
She attended Hampden Du-
bose academy, Zellwood, FL;
high school and expects to
major in business.
Located in suburban Whea-
ton, twenty-five miles west of
Chicago, Wheaton college at
tracts students from all over
the country as well as an aver
age OF 36 foreign countries
who lend a cosmopolitan at
mosphere to the attractive
campus. Wheaton enjoys a
limited enrolment of 1900 stu
dents and 100 graduate stu
cents in the Graduate school
Continued on page a
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02
Junior
.DOftingS
Michael Grasha --
Junior Order Director

. Our recruiters in the
field are equipped with a
portfolio Of insurance certi-
ficates with such amazingly
attractive values and maturi-
ty options that they are ac-
tually experiencing difficulty,
at times, in convincing the
prospect Of their veracity.
A concrete example was a
recent plea from a jealous
worker to come to his aid.
The parents of an 8 year old
prospect for $4,000, and per-
haps even $4,000, coverage
on the 2O-Year Endowment
plan would not believe his de-
tailed analysis of the certifi-'
cate.
1t seemed so Enthusiastically
good that they just could not
accept it as factual and re-
quested that he obtain this
"black on white" from head
quarters and over our sigma
ture. Well, we can understand
this attitude, for truly your
CFU does give such bargains
that they are hard to believe.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02
Potpourri

IF VARIETY IS the spice of life, then
] the past several weeks were especially
bright ones for us as the keeper Of these
pages Of the Official Organ.
What made editorial life worth living
during that short span of time were the
members who made good use Of our col
umnar range to tell the world what they
thought pro and con Of the idea of
employing a staff of CFU Field Men.
Two more are going to the plate today
to take a swing at the subject.
The seventh and eighth to do so III re-
cent weeks, they are Charles J. Verbanic,
Lackawanna, N. Y, former President of
the Society's Supreme Board, and Anthony
j. Bra jdic, Pittsburgh, member of the
CFU Home Office Clerical Staff
The articles and resolutions which
have appeared on this subject represent to
us, everything from a sense of dire pessi-
mism to one of roseate optimism
Along the line we heard the cry Of crash
commercialism entering the picture if Field
Men were to arrive on the scene.
Another writer dwelled on patriotism in
getting around to putting his stamp of ap-
proval on employing Field Force for the
future commonWeal of the Society.
Still others got into the act with politics
and tape recording machines.
Now = today we hear from writer
who argues that Field Force Director can
become so popular as to create an uproar
in the national headquarters of fraternal
organization and find himself and his pro-
gram relegated to pot.
. Yes, indeed. Everything from opti-
mism to pessmism; from commercialism to
patriotism to tape recorders; from politics
to Heaven knows what next.
And everything into the august lap of
the Croatian Fraternal Unions Supreme
Board, now gathered at the Home Office
in Pittsburgh for their semi-annual look
see'' at the Society as whole
But no matter what the Board decides
to do about the question of Field Men, let
JUS say at least this much in closing.
We enjoyed every single article and res
oluton which covered the subject
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02
Yes, Hard TO Believe
q In order that other I

. In order that other re-
cruiters might benefit from
our reply to this activist we
shall describe for all here the
costs and amazing return on
a 20-Year Endowment certi-
ficate, for an 8 year old, for
both five and ten thousand
dollar contract.
At age 8 the monthly rate
for $4,000 is S18.77. Over 20
years the gross cost would
amount to ($18.77 times 24O)
$45O4.80. This would be re-
duced however by Is divi-
dends, paid annually after 2
full years of membership, and
at IS per thousand (18 times
$25) by $4,000 to a net cost
of just $4054.SO.
And, naturally, at the end
of 20 years the member could
then withdraw his $4,000, thus
profiting exactly $945.2O.
Though this is very good
return on his money it is
by far the poorest of three
choices.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02
It Took Yankee To Draw The Plans To Build Historic Ship
MayAower H. - Destination USA
BETHLEHEM, Pa.

BETHLEHEM, Pa. A
dramatic chapter in Amer
lean history was successfully
rewritten when the Mayflow-
er II traced the route Of her
famous predecessor of 337
years ago and dropped an
chor off Provincetown, Mass,
June II, 1857.
Conceived and financed as
a gesture of friendship by a
group of private British citi-
zens, banded together in an
organization called Project
Mayflower, Ltd, the new
Mayflower ii will soon be
presented as a gift to the
people of the United States in
appreciation of aid and
friendship rendered during
the troubled years of the
Goth Century.
Only one American, soft
spoken william A. Baker,
had anything to do with an
otherwise all-British show.
He drew the plans to build
the ship.
Bill and his attractive wife,
Ruth, dwell in the pleasant
little community of bingham,
Mass, a few miles south of
Quincy, where he is a naval
architect in the shipyard of
Bethlehem Steel Company.
His Lifetime Hobby
Five days a week he works
on plans for ships ranging
from 3,OOO-ton destroyers to
OO,0O0-ton supertankers.
Evenings and weekends,
however, he regularly pur-
sues the hobby he has fol-
lowed for as many of his 45
years as he can remember.
That hobby is research
into the origin and con-
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02
Lest We Forget

WHAT WITH ALL the hullabaloo at
w tending the current debate over CFU
Field Men, many of us may be losing track
of the fact that the Society's 1857 Member
ship Campaign is still with us.
And that it will remain with us until the
31st day of October, 1857.
So, there is still time for money to be
made - hand over fist - by those who en-
roll new adult and juvenile members in
America, Canada, or Alaska, or go about
the no less profitable business Of selling
increased insurance.
A great game, insurance.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02
Hppocrates: | Will Keep Pure and Holy My Art
Dr.. Stephen J. Herceg Inferno at wikesBarre Hospital

LUZERNE, Pa. - Stephen
J. Herceg, one of the out
standing young men of this
community, was among the
165 graduates who received
the degree of Doctor of Med
icine during the recent JEFF
ferson Medical College grad
uation exercises.
The first member of Lu-
zerne's "Croat Colony" to
attain such a high honor in
life, he is the son of Mr..
and Mrs. Stephen P. Her
ceg, 3S3 Union Street.
A lifetime member Of the
Croatian Fraternal Union of
America, he served his fra
ternal apprenticeship in Jun
ior Order Nest 152 and trans
ferred in due time to the
ranks of "Sv. Duh" Lodge 16,
Luzerne.
Wears CFU Gold Pin
Interesting to note is the
fraternal career of the elder
bro. Heroeg.
Only last year he was the
recipient of a Gold CF'U Pin
attesting TO his half century
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02
The y. S. A. Information

The U. S. A. Information
Agency supplied the de-
lightful and intriguing Eng
lish translation, quoted here,
from an article by Stefan
Stoke in the July 21, 1857,
issue of "Oslobodjenje' of Sa-
rajevo. (Bosna-Hercegovina).
1t reports the re-intro-
duction of advertising into
YugOslavia after m any
years of intense shortages
of goods.
Readers will enjoy it's de-
scription of the functions of
advertising and the difficult
ties facing advertising agen-
cies" and practitioners of the
advertising arts in Yugosla-
via. where, for example,
there is no telephone connec-
ton with the building housing
the only offset press in the
country.
Now for the article.
Reasoning Backfired
We have already almost
forgotten the time when our
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1857
- The Spirit of Christmas In October -

too many of our members are returning
their cards to the Home Office unpur-
chased.
Now, no one on Capitol Hill'' in Pitts
burgh expected every member to buy the
cards mailed to his or her home address.
We have yet to hear of anyone who
came to bat 1909 in any enterprise.
But we did expect far better purchase
showing than the one we are getting along
the line from the Croatian Fraternal Uni
ons grass roots in the United States.
Surely those who are returning these
greeting cards to the Home Office cannot
understand the wonderful purpose behind
their sale, the future higher education of
deserving - but needy young CFU
members in the United States and Canada.
X
. Never, as the English Editor of the
Zajednicar, have we ever tried to sell our
fellow members and friends anything ap-
preaching "a pig in poke" deal.
Ergo, when we say that these specially
prepared 14-card boxes of Yuletide greet
ings are worth far more than the asking
price" of 81 25, then our readers can rest
assured that they are not being bilked or
MIXED in the end
Finally, is it really asking too much of
those who believe in Fraternalism to buy
these cards and thus help some deserving
students up the ladder of success?
We think not!
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02

Bro. Herceg will also be re-
membered as a Delegate to
the Society's 9th Natl. Quad
rennial Convention, VIII ic h
was held at Philadelphia in
September of 1855.
All four of the Herceg
sons - they have no daugh-
ters - are members of the
Croatian Fraternal Union of
America.
Pre-Medical Training
DR.. Herceg is a graduate of
st. Mary's High School,
Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 1t was
here that the high ideal of the
study of medicine was first
stimulated.
Following high school, the
long years of study, work and
sacrifice began with his pre-
medical education at the Uni
versity of Scranton.
While at this University DR..
Herceg was quite active in ex-
tra-curricular activities. He
was an exceptionally fine stu
dent scholastically and was
LOdge 16 p. 1O)
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02
Yugosavs Tired of Listening To Primitive Blurbs
Why Do Our Tooth Brushes LOOK Like Scrbbing Brushes?

simple labels with general in
structions concerning use,
content, quality and so on.
They Aren't Automata
1t is understandable that
this opinion did not last. 1t
was disproved by the laws of
the market and by the con-
sumer's personality.
For, fortunately, we are not
automata: one likes highly
spiced meals, another color
full clothes, a third likes liv-
ing simply, and a fourth,
electric home appliances.
This was felt and under
stood even by producers (un-
fortunately not by all of
them!) when production =
especially of articles for mass
consumption - increased in
numbers, became more diver
sified and of better quality.
AT that time the ques-
ton of promoting goods
appeared as a problem
(PeOple OF p. 1O)
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02
CFU Covers

A"o N""'inen' their recent organization
of a Bowling League comprised of young
and older members of both CFU LODGES in
that community.
1t was long time "acoming," this
sports venture, but worth the wait.
X
The news of this Bowling League was
transmitted to the Society's Home Office
by Mrs. Anne Sudac who will be remem-
bered as an Honorary Senior Delegate in
July of 1855 to the Junior Orders 4th Natl.
Convention held at Gary Indiana.
Mrs. Sudac was kind enough, in an artj
Gle which appeared on these pages week
ago, to credit Mrs. Anne Primorac with the
lions share of the work which finally saw
this League come to life.
Which was very thoughtful of the wfi-
ter, an attractive young housewife.
However, we cannot help but entertain
the hunch that Mrs Sudac also had hand
in organizing this new pin enterprise
1t isn't like her to sit on the sidelines
when there's work to be done.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02


ing the '40's, he received the
st. Olav Medal from King
Haakon VII, of Norway, for
drawing the plans to restore
explorer Roald Amundsen's
famous ship, Gjoa.
PlimOuth Plantation
Baker began working on
plans for the Mayflower at
the request of Plymouth
Plantation, Inc.," an organi-
(Mayflower II : p. 10)
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02

goods-of poor quality and
even poorer packaging-were
brought to the market by ad-
ministrative methods and
when the consumers attitude
had to be: "Give me what
you will"
In such a situation, which
is understandable after diff
cult war years, naturally it
did not even occur to produ-
GERS to advertise and to try
to popularize their products.
Their efforts were directed
toward satisfying the mar
ket, which, because there was
almost no choice, devoured
everything.
Furthermore, at that
time it was thought that
advertising would be un-
necessary even in the fu-
ture, when there would be
more diversified and better
quality goods.
1t was thought that it
would be sufficient if indi-
vidual products were to have
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02

struction of early wooden
ships. Consequently, Baker
doesn't consider his devel-
opment of plans for the
Mayflower II anything par
ticularly unusual.
Besides, the new Mayflow-
er is not the first famous
wooden ship to snare Bakers
interest.
While assistant to the ma
val architect at Bethlehem's S
San Francisco Shipyard dur
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02

of affiliation with the Croa'
tian Fraternal Union of Anne
rica.
For more than three de-
cades, IS years to be exact,
he served Lodge 16 in one
official capacity or anoth-
or. He is at present the Re-
cording Secretary of the
Lodge.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02
Salute to Sudbury

CUDBURY, ONTARIO Canada, as the
- crow flies is many miles removed from
the Croatian Fraternal Unions continental
base of operations at Pittsburgh.
But our members there = affiliated
with either Lodge 793 or Lodge 946 - are
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02
&SE::::,N::ssz
HorsjHH1e IFS T
Around
= With The Editor

. From the archives of the
year 1900, dawn of the pro-
goth Century:
Paris Exposition opened;
Carry Nation, anti-saloon ag-
itator, began raiding bistros
with hatchet; Humbert, King
of Italy, assassinated; Boxer
1nsurrection in China; Hobo
ken, N. j., docks and ships
destroyed by fire which
claimed 1926 lives and de-
stroyed $40 millions in prop
erty; Drs. Walter Reed, Aris-
tides Agramonte, Jesse La
zear and James Carroll began
campaign to wipe out yellow
fever; Galveston, Texas, hur-
ricane and tidal wave took
toll Of 5000 lives.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02

as Close 70 the Home
Office scheme of things
as the columns of the
Zajednicar can bring
them week in and week
out.
Now they promise to
get even closer, publici-
ty-Wise, as the result of
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02
To The Brave Ones

. WIN apologies TO Ernest
Lawrence T h aver 1868
l94O) for undermining same:
Oh! somewhere in this fa-
vored land the
sun is shining bright;
The band is playing some-
where, and
somewhere hearts are
light;
And somewhere men are
laughing and
somewhere children
shout,
Where but in dear old Mil
Waukee -
Where mighty H aney
didn't strike out.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02
Get The Best For Less

. These hard to believe
bargains can be made even
more attractive with a Single
Premium payment.
The maturity options re-
main identical but since the
cost is even smaller the net
gain is that much greater.
The Single Premium for the
$4,000 coverage on an 8 year
old would be just $2909.4O.
In 20 years this would be
reduced by 19 annual divi-
dends to but S2624.4O. Com
pare this with the net of
$4054.8O on the monthly pay
ment basis.)
For $4,000 the Single Pre-
MUM rate here would be
$5718.55. That too would be
reduced by dividends to a
mere $5148.55 (And, remem-
ber, maturity Option II would
give the member a paid up
certificate for S29,68O.OO.)
Hard to believe? Yes in
deed. But it's true in the
CFu,
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02
In Passing

WYE are now an Oc-
" cupied territory.
There can be no ques-
ton Of the supremacy
Of the United States
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02

der is such as to up the cost per box to the
prohibitive level.
In the end - in time - hundreds of the
Society's members, both here in America
and over in Canada will benefit from the
channel into which the proceeds are to be
funneled, the Croatian Fraternal Unions
Scholarship Foundation.
X
In spite of the purpose behind this, to
put it mildly, noble undertaking, entirely
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1957-10-02
Arise, Ye Workers!

. In Yugoslavia, Land Of
the South Slavs, American
style blue jeans and Lewis are
known as "radnicke panta-
lone"