davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09

the mark aimed at by virtually
all responsible American poll
ticians, it was perhaps strange
that the top Congressional Red
hunters should want to talk to
DR.. Pauling about his interest
in the subject. On the other
hand. it was perhaps almost pre-
dictable: DR.. Pauling is on the
International Security subcom-
mittee's clay-pigeon list, having
been named as a Red as long
ago as 1852 by Louis Budenz,
ex-editor of the Daily Worker
DR.. Pauling denied the Budenz
charge under oath.
Regardless of DR.. Pauling's
politics, there is no doubling his
bona fides as far as science is
concerned. The Oregon-born
scientist won the American
Chemical Society'S gold medal in
l941-the youngest man ever
to win it-and in 1854 won the
Nobel prize for Chemistry.
1t is possible that President
Eisenhower had DR.. Pauling
among others, in mind when he
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09

duction Of improved = nuclear
weapons systems 1t would
mean cutting off of attempts to
further improve design-designs
which would lessen still further
radioactive contamination from
detonations, designs to make
most efficient use of materials.
designs that could function I'M
der the extremes that they would
be called upon to face"
DR.. Warren added an opinion:
"As a doctor" he said, 81 firmly
believe it would be unwiSe to
threaten our future-and that
of the free world-in order to
avoid so minor a risk as is today
presented by weapons testing"
To that, DR.. Wright Langham
of the Los Alamos Scientific Lab
oratories. added a bit of rueful
philosophy:
For the first time in history"
he suggested. mans brains may
have advanced to the point
where he is the weakest link in
his own future where once
it was said a man could ride a
horse till 1t dropped dead. we
now have machines that can go
on after they have exhausted
the man who runs them. Even in
war. man himself seems to be
the weak link; he seemingly can
not wage war without destroying
his kind"
released by North American
Man mar Allian
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09

said at his press conference. IT
noticed that in many instances
scientists that seem to be out of
their own field of competence
are getting into this argument
(about bomb testing) and it
looks like almost an organized
affair"
His own government is not the
only one to take swipes at the
California chemist. however. At
the very time when he was
under congressional fire as a
Red. the Academy of Sciences
of the Soviet Union raked DR..
Pauling over the Goals for his
pseudo scientific" views on an
arcane point of chemistry.
DR.. Pauling his had all the
classic types Of trouble-pass-
port difficulty and all. He was
denied a passport in 1852 when
he wanted to go to England, but
managed to get the ruling re-
lverSed on appeal.
The Nobel Prize winner has
the distinction of being the OBJ
ject of a quip by former Presi-
dent Truman. In a 1854 speech
before the American Chemical
Society, Mr.. Truman noted that
DR.. Pauling had been charged
with investigating red corpus
cles."
DR.. Pauling. with a string of
degrees as long as your arm, is
a family man. Married in 1923,
he has four children. He lives
lin Pasadena, Calf.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09

consistent with security consid-
erations."
To that, the scientist member
of the Atomic Energy Commits
fslon-Dr. Willard F. Libby-re-
Sponded with an explanation
that a test halt would mean a
stop in perfection of the small
nuclear warheads essential for
balliStic and guided missiles now
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09

under development both in Rus
STA and the United States. The
age Of the proven" nuclear
bomb. he said in effect. is giving
way to the era of the missile.
Unfortunately" he said, there
Is no substitute for testing to de-
termine the reliability of a
weapon. conventional or atomic.
To cut of testing. therefore,
means the cutting off the intro
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09
Elizobeth Undecided
On Invitation to Visit

LONDON, June g. (P.-Top
American and British officials
here said today Queen Elizabeth
II still has not decided whether
to visit the United States this
year.
The expectation is that her
decision will be made and an
nounced sometime next week.
British and American officials
denied Washington report sug-
costing the Queen has already
accepted President Eisenhower's
invitation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09

will be many individuals dam
aged both in the exposed gen.
Grafton and in the following
ones"
Would Cut Weapons Work
DR.. Sturtevant added that Ito
balance the serious effort by
biologists to present an objective
statement OF biological haz-
ards" he thought it reasonable
to ask for as detailed and OBJ
jective a statement of the rea-
sons for continued testing as is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09

bone leukemia and genetic acct
dents.
Politically potential" If
United States tests are curbed,
is Russian ability to take COM
mand of nuclear missile develop
ment and destroy Western free
dom.
Beyond Mans Control
In developing the modern
conundrum-and suggestion
that mans brain may have
created a world beyond his con-
trol-the. hard working Joint
Congressional Committee on
Atomic Energy has collected a
mass of pure scientific data prob
ably never equaled in by con-
gressional unit. In whole, it
provides all known fall-out
answers: by selective editing. a
demagogue can prove" from 1t
either that humanity is doomed
by testing, or that bomb-radia-
ton is no worse than living in a
brick house, wearing luminous
dial wrist watch, or sitting in
California sunshine.
Hard points developed in the
record are:
/. That, in exact proportion
to the explosive power OF its
atomic trigger, every H-bomb
produces radioactive fallout.
2. That the fallout stravels
Worldwide but with some ironic
lustice) falls heaviest on the
north temperate ATTITUDES of
American. British and Russian
bomb centers.
Probable Cancer Cause
8. That gamma radiation from
the fallout, in sufficient quantity,
causes definite genetic damage
and. in the tiniest quantity may
cause some damage to genera
tons unborn.
4. That a new substance
strontium-9 0-carried in the fall
out is absorbed by human bone
and must be considered as a
probable causer Of bone cancer
and lukemia.
5. That to date-and for the
foreseeable future at present test
rates-the measure of radiation
from H-bomb tests will not APP
proach the level to which man
is exposed daily by nature. by
x-rays. by luminous watches.
etc.
Contrary to prehearing antici-
patton, science witnesses most
critical of testing did not chal-
lenge the basic Acc argument
that H-bombs have added only
fractionally to normal radiation.
DR.. Shilds Warren. former Acc
medical director. argued that
where average man will get one
tenth Of a roenteen of fallout
radiation in the next 80 years.
some men will get that much
from a single X-ray of the chest
or lung.
Add Loud But
The critics-typically, Dr. A.
H. Sturtevant, California Insti-
tute of Technology geneticist-
did. however. add a loud but"
to the Acc approach.
while the risk is less from
fall-out (than from other radi-
alton risks regularly taken the
essential point" he argued, lis
that it is one over which the
individual has no control. 1t
has been argued that risk from
fall-out is not very different
from that Of wearing a wrist
watch with a radium- painted
dial. II this comparison is &C
curate. it still leaves out of
account the fact that some Of
us do not wear such wrist
watches. and would complain
loudly If anyone tried to insist
that we and our children must
do so.
There are biological risks
from bomb testing. They are
small-so small that no individ-
ual should be seriously con-
cerned about the danger to HIM
self or his immediate descen-
dants. Nevertheless, when the
entire population Of the United
States-or Of the worlds ex-
posed IL must be expected there
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09
Radiation Probers Left
With Balance of Fears
BY MARTIN S. HAYDEN

Two weeks intensive picking of the Nations best scientific
brains have left congressional investigators of Bbomb fall
hazards balancing probability" against potentaity
Scientifically probable" worldwide testing extensively
continued that thousands of the billions who will be born
in the next century will price in radiation
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-20
Cold War Victory?

The reported development of vac
cine partially effective in preventing
the common cold could mark one of
the most welcome and beneficial break
throughs in the history of medical sci-
ence. For while the common cold by
itself has not been killing disease Its
prevalence and its resistance to treat
ment have made it Enthusiastically costly
in terms of human discomfort and of
monetary expense. Its causes are be-
lieved to be multiple and medical author
tiles themselves have been in frequent
disagreement on the principal sources of
the cold. It varies almost unpredictably
in intensity and in its response to rem
edieS. For those who are prone to colds,
1t sometimes leads to more serious i'm
pairment in health-leaving the body
vulnerable to other ailments Statisti-
clans have estimated the direct cost
to the national economy at IS billion
yearly.
Numerous medical institutions and
scientists have spent years seeking to
establish causes and cures. The current
discovery, If time and further testing
proves its correctness, is a tu'o-Dart one
credited to DR.. winston H. Price of
Johns Hopkins University. DR.. Price
claims. first, to have isolated a "true"
virus responsible for 80 per cent of the
cold cases under his study for the past
two years. He claims, second, to have
developed vaccine which prevented 80
per cent Of the expected colds in cases
where this viruS-deSignated the "JH
virus"-was known to be present. Con-
trolled tests involved more than 400 per-
sons. The effective vaccine is made from
killed JH virus grown in monkey kidney
tissue, the principal medium used for
production Of Salk vaccine against polio
myelitis. Two shots, four weeks apart,
were used, but length Of immunity has
not been established.
DR.. Price himself has been reserved
in his claims while verifying the encour-
aging evidence thus far. He has pointed
out, among other things, that an un-
known number of viruses may cause
colds and that his own experiments have
led to isolation and treatment of only
one. He indicated a belief that mass
production Of his vaccine is feasible, but
declined to speculate about the CONNER
cial possibilities. Other medical author
tiles have been cautious, but none has
minimized the significance Of the Price
findings II they are subStantiated by
further testing and experimentation
The long record Of failure up to now to
make solid medical Roadway in the tight
against the common cold warrants this
initial cautious reaction, but DR.. Prices
findings nevertheless encourage opti-
miSm. All should share in the hope that
this particular "cold war" may have
reached favorable turning point.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-20
No Weasel Words?

The three ranking Democratic can
didates in this years election in Virginia
have come forward now with platform.
1t gets of to fine start. Let there be
no understanding, says the school
plank, mo weasel words on this point:
We dedicate our every capacity to pre-
serve segregation in the schools"
Reading on, one discovers that the
candidates believe that the Constitution
means what 1t says when 1t clearly pro-
vides that powers not prohibited to the
States by the Constitution are reserved
to the States or the people" Conse-
quently, say the candidates, ION that
conviction we will make our Standard
we will not yield ION school integration)
so long as single avenue OF resistance
remains UNEMPLOYED"
At first blush this looks suspi-
ciously like weasel wording to us. But
maybe not. Perhaps It would be better
to call 1t double talk. For the candi-
dates really are saying stwo things. One
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-20
In Annrecintion

On behalf Of the faculty
and students Of Washington
Hospital Center School Of
Nursing. may / express to you
our appreciation of the ex-
cellent coverage Of the open
ing of our School Of Nurs-
ing? We feel that 1t is pub
licity such as you gave us
that will make 1t possible to
interest young women in be-
coming nurses and will do a
great deal in supplying our
community needs for nurses,
Thank you for your inter-
est and support. 1t has been
most stimulating to us in our
efforts to conduct q good
school of nursing.
Katherine KnauR.
Director. School Of Nurs-
ing and Nursing Serv-
ice. Garfield Memorial
Hospital.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-20
WSTAS IN SCIENCE
BY THOMAS R. HENRY
Soviets Explore Antarctic in Force

wild, ice-free region Of open
lakes and towering boulders
still constitutes . major
mystery Of the antarctic
area. It is about the size
of the District Of Columbia.
The Soviet scientists already
are at work trying to solve
the enigma.
A few hundred miles east
Of Mirny is Camp Vostok.
named for another Of Bel
lingshausen's ships. Twelve
scientists are established
there. Camp Sovietskaya viii
be set UP as near as possible
to the so-called pole of mac
feasibility between the Wilkes
Coast and the South Pole.
This presumably is the most
difficult spot on the Antarctic
continent to reach. It will
be the farthest south station.
except for the American
camp ct the South Pole it
self. So far as known it has
not yet been established.
The last Russian station.
with six men. win be Kom-
somalskaya. the location Of
which has not been an
nounced.
Soviet Cameramen Busy
Russians at Mirny an.
nounce that they already have
photographed approximately
$4,000 square miles from the
air. This includes the oasis
region and the so-called Ebay
Of Winds" which may be
about the windiest part Of
the world.
Japanese report that their
antarctic ship Scya was
trapped in pack ice on Prince
Harald Island. near the
Queen Maud coast south Of
Australia. It was able to
break loose in about two
weeks and proceeded to the
Prince Harald coast where an
observing station win be
maintained throughout the
year. Japanese interest in
the Antarctic dates from
1911 when the exploring ship
Kainan Maru cruised in the
Bay of Whales. Several geo.
graphic features now bear
japanese names.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-20

Those who have not de-
termined the answer to in
tegration may find 1t in
THE Races of Mankind" by
Prof. Wilton Marion Krog-
man. Graduate School Of
Medicine, University Of Penn
sylvania (see Information
Please 1887 Almanac, p. 445)
Discussing the traces" Of
the world he writes: There
is much intermixing and
some overlapping. This leads
to two very important biolog-
ical observations: % There
are no pure races; ~
There are no superior or in
ferior races. We know from
history that all peoples, upon
contact. have crossed their
genetically based physical
traits. We know from human
anatomy that in fundamental
structure all peoples are
identical.
"As far as biological man is
concerned, what he is. is re-
lated to his cultural environ
ment, rather than to any
innate Tor inherited) ability
or aptitude. There is no
German race only a Ger
man nationality; there is no
Jewish race only a Jewish
socio religious community;
there is no 'Aryan race, only
an Aryan language; there
Is no master race, only a
political bombastl" =
M. l.. L.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-20
General GIubb's citique

General Sir John Club, former
commander Of Jordan's Arab Legion,
believes that the sending Of American
arms to Jordan has been harmful in its
net effect on the Western position in
the Middle East. His reasoning is in
teresting and. coming from one who has
spent most of his adult life in the Arab
world, 1t is worthy of consideration.
General Club evidently is not express
ing this opinion because of any pique at
being ousted as commander Of the legion,
or because of unfriendliness toward the
Jordan government or people. Outlining
his views in London paper, the gen.
eral has based his conclusion primarily
on knowledge Of Arab psychology and
the historic Arab suspicion of Western
motives.
In brief, General Club reminds the
West that the Arab countries are still
touchy about their recently attained in
neutrality-suspicious. apprehensive that
new threats may be mounted against
them. "They suspect" he wrote, chat
the West is still trying to be bossy"
And in this connection, he points to the
opening given Russian propagandists for
the line that America is trying to domi-
nate the Middle East by force while the
Soviet offers purely altruiStic friend
ship" He makes the point, too, as have
others, that Arab nationalism and power
politics within the Arab community are
baSically stronger forces than commu-
niSm-and that an outside attack on the
latter easily may be misinterpreted as
Intervention against one or both of the
former.
Unfortunately however, General
Club deos not offer any alternative to
the American program Of economic and
military assistance to Jordan and other
receptive Arab countries. 1t is true that
some Of Syria's neighbors, for ex-
ample, have indicated clearly that they
would not approve direct American in
tervention in the political affairs of that
Communist-influence country-but no
such effort has been made on our part.
1t is also true that most of these same
neighbors have approved the Eisenhower
doctrine and have sought American aid,
both economic and military. Finally,
with the possible exception Of Syria
and Egypt, there is no evidence that
Soviet offers to the Middle East are be-
Ing widely misinterpreted as purely al
truistic." Obviously, there is some risk
Notwithstanding the risk Of misun-
derstanding-in the American effort to
help strengthen the Middle East coun-
tries. 1t seems certain, however, despite
General Glubb's fears, that there would
be greater risk in doing nothing. One
Of the first results probably would have
been the fall Of the Jordan government
Of King Hussein and It's replacement by
pro-ccWmuniSt or pro-soviet revlne.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-20

When Virginia's Attorney
General J. Lindsay Almond.
IT., resigned to devote full
time to his gubernatorial am
bition. he called himself "the
most resigned man in the his
tory Of Virginia politics"
He resigned" as Assistant
Commonwealth Attorney to
become q judge; from the
judgeship to become a Con-
gresham; from Congressman
to become Attorney General,
and now from Attorney Gen.
eral to become Governor Of
Virginia. voters willing. Of
course.
Mr.. Almond was joking. but
the matter is serious. Is Judge
Almond being prophetic or
suggestive that he will resign
his elective position. should
he become Governor Of Vir-
ginia, to become. perhaps, a
United States Senator, should
Senator Byrd not complete
his term or does not stand
for election again? This is a
question voters should de-
mand an answer to. .
A man should be ambi-
tious, but not use one cleo
tive position as a pawn" to
another one. Voters should
be able to demand and ex-
pect some sort Of political
stability In the men they
choose as State leaders. Elec-
ted officials are obligated to
a "contract"-that CON
tract" being that they will
serve out the terms Of the
ofiices to which they are
elected.
Will Judge Almond. as a
lawyer. feel obligated to this
contract" and serve out his
term as Governor, should he
be elected? Or will he be-
come the most contract
breaker in the history Of Vir-
ginia politics?"
Neal II. Jones.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-20
Pounds the Bor

AS a white member of the
District Bar Association. ]
am disguised with the 908
members who voted against
amending the association by
laws to admit Negro lawyers.
Time and events in this
year 1857 have by-passed
those 9O8 persons. They are
living in the past and ] hope
their legal ability is not as
obsolete as their views on
basic human relationships.
I oppose q fifth secret
mail referendum. with those
favoring Negro admission
putting on q campaign to in
fiuence the voting members.
Four similar referendums
have been tried since 1850
and q fifth seems silly.
/ favor one final effort by
the Bar Association to OBJ
tain the necessary two-thirds
vote to admit Negroes. but let
that effort be a public poll
ing Of the members. No more
secret ballot to hide behind.
Such q meeting might take
hours but 1t would be true
democracy In operation and
would, ] believe. secure the
necessary two-thirds vote.
Should such q public poll
ing still result in the exclu-
sion Of Negroes, then ! sug-
gest that those lawyers who
are unwilling TO be Q part
Of any such archaic and I'M
democratic group join forces
and form q new association
Of lawyers in Washington.
Such q new association
should admit females and
Negroes and all should
be eligible for membership
on the board Of directors
and as officers.
! urge the Bar AsSocia-
ton to call for such a public
polling Of members in the
immediate future. II they do
not do so, they are inviting
step two as outlined above
and all like-thinking lawyers
are invited TO join forces in
this effort.
Gordon w. Rule.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-20

How long must Virginia
pay for fruitless legislation
which can only add animosity
to inevitable desegregation
when it comes? Hasn't the
Fourth Appeals Court al
ready ruled the pupil place.
ment law unconstitutional?
What sense Is there In the
Arlington School Board APP
pealing there now?
The Arlington case (de-
cided irrevocably by the
May. 1854. decision. In TRUTH
has gone to the District
Court. the Circuit Court, the
Supreme Court. the District
Court again. and now the
District Court yet again. The
order has always been the
same: desegregate. The Cir
cult Court has already ruled
negatively on the very mat
ter for which the School
Board is now seeking an in
junction before 1t.
Isn't this paying an exor-
bitant price for q little time?
Especially since Arlington
has long since said it could
manage desegregation?
Recently Gov. Stanley an
nounced that he is getting
ready to plan the 1958-60
budget, which he expects will
run to something like a bill
lion dollars. He also said that
Virginia did not spend all
the money budgeted for
1866. even though mot
his comment) our mental
health program is notorious
ly poor. and our schools be-
low the national norms in
almost every category. eve
still had in 1856, for in
stance, 399 one teacher
schools Of four or more
grades. 1853 Of these having
seven grades under the single
teacher-58 white, ITO Ne
gro) Why is Stanley saw
ing" this money at the ex-
pense Of good government in
Virginia?
Dalton criticizes the veil
Of secrecy over elaboration
Of the Virginia government.
He may well highlight the
secrecy over our financing.
If we could get at the facts,
the cost Of all this litigation
would turn out to be a stag
gering sunni the half
million spent on the never
used Gray plan is an indi-
cation.
Yet the taxpayers are
gaining nothing from all
this, for the law remains the
law. Only the lawyers are
gaining. so far as / can
see. What is this--a con
game? Edith L. Hussey.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-20

@. Who were the French
Cordeliers?-B. K.
A. There we're two groups
Of Cordeliers in France. The
first we're Franciscan friars.
known from the time Of the
Crusades as Cordeliers be-
cause of q girdle Of knotted
cord which they wore. At one
time there were over 800 Of
their monasteries and con-
vents in France. The second
group, a political club formed
during the French Revolu-
ton. was so-called because it
met in a Cordelier monastery
which had been closed. Many
Of the members we're guillo-
tined in 1894, and the club
had lost its influence even
before passage on August %,
1895, of q law which dis
solved all political clubs in
France.