davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06
AUsTERE BUT AGILE
BY COLIN FROST

WARSAW.-One Of the strang-
est facts about Wladysiaw Co
mulka is that he Is alive at all.
Twice this soft-spoken Com
munist with steel gray eyes has
escaped the firing squad. It was
amazing that he had lasted long
enough to step from the shadows
and pull on his quiet revolution
last October.
A year in ONCE, he Is one Of
the worlds political paradoxes: A
Communist accepted as leader BY
o nation as thoroughly anti
Communist as any in Europe.
The youngsters who helped as
much as anyone to bring him to
power knew him only from the
Marxist textbooks that called him
. deviationist and said his sop
portunist theories would elimi-
nate the possibility Of building So
cialism." Today they know little
more.
He Is q politician who never
patted a baby's head. His slight
gray-suited figure, his quiet, even
voice have nothing Of the dema-
gogue. With his horn trimmed
glasses, his wispy gray hair and
slim. long-fingered hands he looks
more like q Tonconformist min
tstSr than q nonconformist Com
munist.
Since 1e47, Mr.. Gomulka has
shown q consistency Of thought
remarkable in q Communist and
has suffered for it. His years in
jail are responsible for repeated
rI1mors about the state Of his
health. But Mr.. Gomulka, at 50,
neither looks nor acts like q sick
man.
Walking and swimming are his
only hobbies. He takes his few
vacations in Polands southern
mountains. When In Warsaw, he
swifns half a mile daily In the
marble pool Of the skyscraper
Palace OF Culture.
He smokes three packs a day Of
0ievont. one Of the cheaper Polish
cigarettes. pufiing them through
thin glass holders which he buys
at roadside stands for 20 groszy
Zone cent? each. He lives simply
in q two-room apartment with
his tiny dark-haired wife Zofia
and a 27-year-old son. His salary
u 1000 zloty a month-less than
twice that Of a skilled worker.
Extension Of Austehty
Now Mr.. Gomulka is trying TO
shape the Polish Communist Party
into his own austere image. The
breakdown on party privileges
(top Communists wives once
bought their groceries in shops
closed TO the public and the open
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06

which Poland took over from
Germany.
He worked as hard as anyone
TO put the whole nation under
Communist control-and that In
the end meant Soviet control. At
the same time, he began to preach
what by Soviet Communist stand
ards was blacklist heresy.
He recognized the bitter anti
Russian feeling which bites deep
into the Polish character. And he
recognized above all the rugged
independence Of the peasantry.
Sets Polish Path
His FIRST real break with Soviet
teaching came in January, l947.
Mr.. Gomulka told the assembled
dignitaries of the Cominform:
I'VE have rejected the system
Of collective farms because under
Polish conditions 1t would be
economically and politically
harmful"
And again:
I'VE have chosen our own Polish
road. In our conditions the
dictatorship Of the working class
and In even greater measure the
dictatorship Of q single party Is
neither essential nor useful"
In May, lo4e. he made q major
speech TO the Central Committee.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06
AUSTERE BUT AGILE II 80
PoIonds GomuIko Leeds Chormed Life

II has never been published. It Is
Q fair assumption that he spoke
against merging the Communist
and Socialist Parties.
He was accused Of willful revi.
sion Of Lenin. He had to 90.
Chief among his accusers were
Economist Hilary Mine and Alexis
ander zawadslZi.
Mr.. zawadski remains Q member
Of the 0cmuIka politburo but his
political influence Is apparently
limited to signing messages Of
congratulation when some other
Communist state celebrates It's
anniversaries.
Soon the party merger was
forced through and terror clamped
down. Mr.. 0omulka found him
self again In jail. Mr.. Mine and
his comrades went on to bring the
Polish economy to disaster and the
nation to the brink Of revolt.
But Mr.. Gomulka, unlike Czech
deviationists. somehow escaped
the firing squad again.
From the moment Of his release
in 1855 he started planning his
return to power.
Builds Support
Party leaders tried to neutralize
his influence by adopting some Of
his ideas and offering him lesser
posts. But he was playing for
bigger stakes. Young Communist
writer's were called into his tiny
apartment on the UNREASONABLE
east side Of the Vistula. They
talked long into the night.
He built = core Of supporters in
side the Central Committee and
In two or three key Warsaw plants.
In October he was back. q pop
ular hero because Of his straight
talking with Nikita Khrushchev.
Poland looked wishfully for quick
improvement and Gomulka per-
sonified Polish hopes.
MS ur6L speech was q oevaB-
tating indictment Of the policies
Of the previous eight years. Since
then he has gone slow on criti-
cism and has pushed through q
series Of hard economic measures
hardly calculated to boost his per-
sonal popularity.
One was the decision to renege
on back pay owed employees from
Stalinist years. He chose a har-
vest festival to announce that
people must stop eating imported
butter and take to animal fat
instead.
But his basic political gains
made q year ago remain intact.
1t Is beyond doubt that Poles
are eating q little better and dress
ing better than they were q year.
ago. And 80 Is Wladyslaw Oomulka,
The Associated Press
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06
Nirginio's Candidates Capitalize
On Events in Two Other States

with q local pupil assignment plan.
In his first take-ofi on Little
Rock, Mr.. Almond told an audience
at Norfolk that President Eisen-
hover had ''trampled" upon Ar
kansas constitutional rights by
calling out Federal troops.
he came to the defense Of those
who resisted indignation. declar-
ing that the President had black
ened and indicted millions Of
Americans i. whose only crime Is
their serious determination TO pre-
serve their racial integrity BY exer-
cising their freedom Of choice to
secure themselves and their chill
dren against the evils Of racial
amalgamation."
In another speech. he warned:
To-day it's Little Rock. Tomor-
row where win the bayonets Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06
CommuniSm'S
Troubles

World communism was having
its own troubles last week. A two
day student protest rally in War
saw brought the governments tear
gas and rubber truncheons into
play for the ilrst time since the
Poznan uprising over q year ago.
And tiny San Marine. an indie
pendent republic surrounded by
Italy, seemed about to be lost to
the Communists who have ruled It
since le4S.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06
Motto Is Becoming Just q Monument
10 Britoin's Vanishing Naval Might

States. France, Italy, Turkey and
Greece pore over mock-war plans
IN their converted apartment house
overlooking Grand Harbour. They
lack the sinews Of power, since
nothing at their immediate dis
posal Is sufficient to meet the ex-
pected challenge Of Russia's new
high-speed submarine feet.
The fiction Of Royal Navy SUI
pfemacy Is maintained By the APP
pointment as NATO commander
Of Admiral Sir Ralph Edwards,
British commander In chief in the
Mediterranean. But the 9th Fleet,
with its atom bomb carriers, Is the
only real power today IN this stra-
tegic area. And It Is not under
Admiral Edwards. Its COM
mander. Admiral Robert Briscoe,
takes orders direct from Washing
ton, or through the American COM
mander Of SHAPE. Gen. Lauris
NOrstad.
New defense cuts now threaten
the remnants Of the British Medi-
terranean fieet and Malta's pride.
Three battleships, as many car
riers, at least q dozen heavy cruis-
ers and 100 destroyers used to
alternate between Malta and Gi-
braltar. even in the straitened
days after World War !.
The United States musters more
force today in the Mediterranean.
Yet this powerful British feet was
suficient to fight OF Mussolini's
navy and Hitler's Luftwaffe, keep
hold Of Malta and harry the
enemy flank in North Africa.
The feet planned under econ
omies Of Defense Minister Duncan
Sandys would make AN oldtime
British admiral snort with con-
tempt. Reports have it that with
In q year Britain win have only
one light cruiser permanently in
the MediterTanean. with half a
dozen deStroyers and frigates,
three submarines, and only an oc-
casional aircraft carrier detached
from duty on the British Isles. A
number Of mine sweepers and
small escort craft viii be left in
mothballs in Malta.
The last British seaborne strik-
ing force in the Mediterranean
may also come under the ak. A
Royal Marine commando unit con-
tinues to exercise around Malta
In rusty reconditioned landing
craft. Another was removed Is
months ago to Cyprus. II the de-
tense economies are as heavy as
threatened. the last British am
phibious groups win be recalled
with the bulk Of the feet.
The large and expansive naval
base that occupies the two deepest,
most accessible inlets Of Grand
Harbour is becoming q historical
relic.
The civilian secretary to the
admiral superintendent, F.. A.
Mum. claims that the dockyard
is still working to full capacity.
Maltese dockyard workers privately
disagree. Over q glass Of wine
they'll tell you that no one is now
doing q full days work. Shifts
come on to spend part Of their
time chatting and drinking tea.
Two facts are certain-the
dockyard labor force is now $4,000
strong. has been reduced by little
over 1000 since 1o45. No one has
been laid on; the drain is due to
normal designations. Yet the feet
being servieed has been slashed
BY 70 per cent. The last capital
ship left Malta in 194S. No carrier
has been refitted there since the
war.
Defense cuts have been an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06
BY MARY LOU WERNER

Events in two other States have
been turned into major campaign
issues In Virginia's sizzling guber-
Material contest.
Eager 70 prove themselves right
on how 10 cope with the school
segregation problem. both candi-
dates have found new ammuni-
ton in Developments In Arkansas
and North Carolina.
The Democratic nominee. J..
Lindsay Almond. jr.. Is pointing
70 Arkansas and the use Of Fed
eral troops there as an example Of
what to expect from Republican
rule. The Republican candidate,
State Senator Ted Dalton, is look
ing to North Carolina IS evidence
that the school segregation prob
lem can be handled peacefully
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06

Ing rooms. libraries. hotels. stu
dent circles. workers clubs and
private homes. At one time the
USIA had thousands Of subscribe
tons 10 the international edition
Of the New York Times. the Paris
New York Herald Tribune, Time.
Newsweek and Llfea others
Ito distribute.
They provided marvellous vim
dows through which Europeans
could view the United States. Par
ticularly amongst students were
they appreciated and influential.
Now they are only obtainable. at
high prices. ct newsstands and
book stores. and even these
sources are drying up.
Sweden . Prime Torees
Sweden Il q special target Of the
Soviet information machine these
days. The Swedish Communists
are not numerous or dangerous.
They poll about 5 per cent Of the
popular vote and have some six
members In Parliament. They
gained about ! per cent In the
last election and may do better
next spring In view Of the internal
strife amongst members Of the
powerful Social Democrat and
ARrarian parties. Their strong
holds are the Gothenburg area In
South Sweden and the Kiruna-
Boden-Lulea mining area in the
far north. The Russians have no
hopes Of commanding Sweden.
But they are extremely anxious
to have her friendship and good
win and her support at the United
Nations.
Despite these facts. the small
00thenburg operation Of the
USIA. after seven years Of most
effective service. was one Of the
II closed down recently, Swe-
dish trade unions testify 70 the
usefulness Of the 0othenhurg post
In educating workers Of the region.
In many ways it was more impor-
tant IN the battle against CONF
munism than the head once IN
Stockholm.
Realizing this, American Con-
sui General Paul Pearson has done
his best to perpetuate the good
work. He has set aside space In
his already overcrowded CONSUL
ate for reference library room
and placed one Of the former USIA
employees on his payroll. The ex-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06

nounced by the British govern
ment. Some $500 naval officers
are shortly to be ''beached." A
new Royal Navy is IN the planning
stage. infinitely smaller than any
thing thought possible in the past,
and devoted largely to antisub-
marine duties. Any further cuts
in the sea-going fleet must In
evitably affect the dockyard estab-
lishment ct Malta.
Unemployment is already rising
In Malta; the government has no
funds for additional relief. The
entire economy has been geared
to torpedo shops and clothing
stores. No secondary industries
have been developed; everything
here runs 1T perpetual deficit.
Malta can claim the gloomy
distinction Of the worlds most
adverse trade balance. Exports
last year ran at Just under 81 mill
lion (S2.8 millionD. Imports al
most touched EFT million (S70.6
million). The gap was filled in
with British loans. subsidies-and
service spending.
Living standards remain COM
paratively high, far higher than
the surrounding areas Of the Med
iterranean. But the level is OBJ
viously artificial. A total Of 3l6..
600 people have multiplied under
British patronage upon 95 square
miles Of barren rock. There are
no raw materials, except stone,
and mighty little water. Left to
its own slender resources, Malta
could probably support q popuIa-
ton about a tenth its present size.
The Maltese maintain that the
British have moral duty to keep
them at q standard to which
they've grown accustomed. After
all, they served Britain Loyalty
enough in her hour of need. Thus
politicians led by Socialist Prime
Minister Dom Mintoff. while clam
oring for wider self-government.
concentrate on plans for winning
continued British support and
bounty.
A few angry voices are begin.
ming to be heard urging an ap-
proach to the United States. II
the British are going to desert
Malta. then other friends have
got to be found.
But the 9th Fleet is already
demonstrating a new strategy
which has made Malta out Of
date. The United States Navy
takes advantage Of Valletta's IA
cilities for occasional repairs but
shows no further interest, and
the United States has no desire
to take on the expense Of an un-
economic island base that could
be paralyzed. not only by one of
RuSsia's newest long distance
rockets, but by moderately short
range ones from Albania.
If the British decide to abandon
Malta within the next five years,
then the island win be faced with
a disastrous economic depression.
If the Royal Navy fingers on,
even in token form. there win be
time to develop other industries
capable Of absorbing the islands
labor. The expansion Of the Rus
sian submarine feet has given
Malta q new significance. It
could still provide a platform for
short-range sub-hunting helicop-
tiers.
But never again win Malta be
really important strategicaliy. To-
day 1t is more symbol Of pres
tige, Of a continuing British stake
in the Mediterranean-no matter
how small.
Csorth American Newspaper AlliAnes)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06

COpKNkkAGEN, Denmark. -
Russia Is stepping up her offensive
a the battle for the minds Of
men, AZ the moment Scandinavia
q an important front.
In Denmark, Sweden. Finland,
Norway - and even IN neutral
! Switzerland 1.-The Soviet propa-
,ganda machines. or to use their
ofncial titles. information services.
are rednuhling their efforts to tell
the world about the USSR and rs
satellites. IT is hardly q coinci-
dence that this stepping up Of
the tempo comes at q time when
the United States information
agencies IN Western Europe are
putting into effect q 80 to 20 per
cent Unconstitutional reduction
IN staffs and services.
The campaign to sell Russia to
Western Europe Is not confined
solely TO news and information.
or 10 justification Of the Kremllns
policies. Nor does 1t appear to
be unduly concerned with adj
vancing the interests Of local
Communist organizations. Smear
ing Of capitalism and the United
States also seems incidental. on
the other hand the cultural and
political responsibility Of the
USSR as q powerful member Of
the community Of nations are
important detectives.
The stepping up Of Mosccw's
Information activities Is par
ticularly evident in Denmark
key member Of NATO and, be-
cause Of its proximity To- Soviet
territory and It's strategic posi-
ton, q priority target Of Red
propaganda.
Early IN July. when there were
indications that Congress was
going to cut deeply into the USIA
budget. the Russian Embassy In
Copenhagen called . press con-
Terence to announce the planned
opening OF 3 reading room" IN
the Danish capital. It was also
revealed that q ''telex" circuit
with Moscow would be installed
10 provide daily news bulletins, N
Danish. to local newspapers.
Copenhagen papers carried the
story and In general the public
and ofiieial reaction-and eil-
torial commentaries not antag-
ofiistic.
The plans materialized almost
Immediately, as II the actors had
been waiting In the wings. An at
tractive reading room was opened
with q plentiful supply Of maya
ZINES. newspapers and political,
cultural. economic and scientific
periodicals. A comprehensive daily
flle Of news from the USSR and
excerpts and quotes from articles
appearing in Pravda, and other
publications poured into Danish
newspaper offices.
Weh-Chosen Chief
The chief Of the Information
Once. who arrived direct from
Moscow. q Mr. Petlov = niave,
persuasive and personahle = was
Manufactured for the Job. For
merry an attache Of the Soviet
Embassies in Stockholm and CO.
penhagen. he speaks Danish and
ether languages including English.
BE knows Scandinavia thoroughly.
Mr.. Petlov lost no time In getting
across TO Danish newspapermen
and other interested parties that
he was independent Of the Soviet
Embassy. His assignment was sim
ply and solely to distribute reliable
Information. he said. His ambition
was to make friends and infiu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06

urges LoCoI Vro9Tom
But Senator Dalton foresees no
need for another Little Rock in
Virginia II the State adopts q
local pupil assignment plan. He
takes the position that the DEM
ocratic program. and not his own.
will lead to chaos.
Senator Dalton has likened the
Virginia school situation TO q
powder key around which the
Democratic machine is doing q
political dance"
In North Carolina, where q
local pupil assignment plan such
as the one advocated by Senator
Dalton has been advocated, seven
Negroes were admitted to white
public schools in three cities this
year.
There has been no widespread
violence in North Carolina which,
Senator Dalton says. must be
disappointing to Mr.. Almond"
The Republican candidate calls
the North Carolina Negro adj
missions token" admissions vol
unfairly made to preserve that
States pupil assignment program.
The North Carolina pupil assign-
ment law has survived a legal test
all the way to the Supreme
Court. whereas Virginias place.
ment law has been held invalid.
An appeal is pending before the
Supreme Court in the Virginia
case.
This is but the beginning on
the part Of the South TO look to
the North Carolina pupil assign-
ment plan. administered by local
school boards, as the only means
to preserve our separate schools"
said Senator Dalton In q recent
address at Luray.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06

the Federal Government strike?
Are the Army advertising experts,
at this moment. preparing signs
proclaiming Join the Army and
See the South'?"
Sees Living Exomple'
According to Mr.. Almond, the
turn Of events at Little Rock is q
Giving example, Of what to ex-
pect from . pupil assignment plan
such as the one advocated by his
Republican opponent.
"The sad situation at Little
Rock Is but q token Of what
viii transpire in Virginia and
throughout the South If these
States are compelled to mix the
races In their public schools" he
has warned.
Mr.. Almond is q champion Of
Virginia's massive resistance"
movement against indignation. At
present, the massive resistance"
machinery turns on q series Of
State laws adopted by the Virginia
Assembly last fall.
The laws include the pupil
placement act, which vests all
student assignment power in the
hands Of q three-member State
board. and companion measures
which provide for the closing Of
any school by the Governor when-
ever indignation occurs and the
withholding Of State funds from
local school systems where races
are mixed. This machinery has
been suffering steady setbacks in
Federal courts.
According to Senator Dalton.
the Democrats are using Little
Rock to "stir up racial emotions"
in hopes Of winning votes November
s.
His own comment on Little
Rock Is that q solution TO the
school program must come within
the South, and not from without.
He has called on President Eisen-
hover to withdraw the Federal
troops, warning that fuse Of force
or violence by any group or agency
will tend only to worsen the many
problems inherent in the situa-
tion."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-22
AUTOMOBILES FOR SALE

PACKARD so 4-dr. sedan: steel
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In iine condition. SPECIAL, Sl95
COvINGTON MOTOR CO., INC,
a50l Wis. ave-, Beth. Nd, OIL
PACKARD 81 900" 4-dr. de luxe
famous ultra trans radio, heater
INGTON MOTOR Co, INC, 1901
Wis. ave, Beth. Md, OIL. 2-92O0
PACKARD 1855 Patrician 400
sedan; 2-tone gray; fully equipped
power steering, power brakes: very
clean. S2.095: CCC guarantee
Capitol Cadillac-OldS Co.
1872 22nd st. NV. ST. $4,000
PACKARD '52 300" sedan; embassy
blue. ultramatic, radio. heater,
power brakes. many other Packard
extras: A l-oWNER VALUE, $6g5
CONVICTION MOTOR CO., INC.
a30lo Wis. ave-, Beth. Md. OIL
PACKARD '5I 4-door sedan: one.
owner owner sa equipped; beautiful blacl
Sellers Sales g. Service
1928 Baltimore Ave. Riverdale. Md
WA. 10000 OPEN Ewes. TILL s
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-22
AUTOMOBILES FOR SALE

o elIsf. az 5d t-d s.s ssssssn' SIS or best
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OLDSMOBILE 1850 "9S' de i. 4-dr
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PACKARD 1868 Clipper 4-dr, sedan;
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