davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-31
Just Give the Facts, Larson Tells the USIA

lea and local outlets-these are the
weapons Of USIA. AS Mr.. Larson
sees it. they are immensely effec-
tive.
Within the general policy laid
down in the USIA headquarters
building at 1875 Pennsylvania ave-
nue., Mr.. Larson expects agency per-
sonnet abroad to use wide measure
OF discretion in their daily work.
1t would be impossible, he declares,
to attempt to dictate details from
here.
Because events over the past few
years have focused world attention
more and more on the Middle East
and the Far East, Mr.. Larson is
working now on a sizable increase
in the USIA programs in those
areas. The most effective person.
mel are being sought for key posts
III the areas. physical facilities are
being improved. more powerful
radio transmitters are being built.
He is particularly interested in
furthering the success of the
People to People program--a re-
Gently organized private-citizen eff
fort to build new roads of commu-
nication between the United States
and foreign peoples.
Launched by President Eisen-
hover himself last September,
People to People" consists of Al
citizens committees, representing
almost every aspect of American
cultural, social, economic and pro-
fessional life. These groups sponsor
visits and tours. exchange speakers,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-31

lost their jobs. This story proves
there is no right to work in South
Carolina even though there is a
statute falsely called a "right-to-
work" law there.
Do "right-to-work" advocates
want the benefits of union gains?
Experience shows they do. In
World War II, during a union Sc
curity dispute, the Canadian gov
eminent decided that workers who
did not want to join union did not
even have to pay dues but that they
would be ineligible for the higher
wages the union won. No one
wanted to give up his right to
the wage increase. In this country,
by law. a union must represent all
the workers in a plant. But it is
clear that the workers who claim
the privilege of not joining a union
would reject the privilege" of los
ing the wage increases the union
negotiateS through collective bar
gaining.
What is the right" to union Sc
curity? Once the premise that free
American workers have the demo-
cratic right to join unions of their
own choosing-a right established
both by statute and by Supreme
Court rulings-is accepted. certainly
unions must be allowed to be strong
and effective. AS long as a union
can be legally compelled to repre-
sent people who do not help bear
the cost of gaining better wages
and working conditions, unions will
be weakened.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-31
MR.. SHOOTS REVOLT
Segregation Dispute Shakes the Byrd Camp

the last General Assembly. and has
been a leader in advocating that
approach to the segregation issue.
Opposes Zeolous Seereeotionist
The man Mr.. Smoot is out to
defeat in the Democratic primary
is the incumbent, Delegate James
M. Thomson
Compared with Mr.. Smoot, the
incumbent is real freshman in
the Byrd clan. But he has more
than compensated for his brief
tenure by his zeal for the defiant
segregation stand Virginia has
taken.
He voted for every bill in
the Governors legislative pack
age to prevent any inteeration--
including the fund cutoff legisla-
ton He sponsored one of the two
investigative committees created by
the General Assembly to study ra-
cial activities and is its chairman.
He is fortnight about his deter
mination to fight forever to prevent
indignation. and bluntly has told
"inteerationists" to vote for Mr..
Smoot.
BY Gov. Stanley's definition, Sem
ator Dalton and Mr.. Smoot are
integrationists. He says the label
fits anyone willing to accept the
slightest degree of indignation.
No one expects the Byrd organi-
cation to crumble overnight-least
Of all in this election year when
so much has been done to arouse
Vireinia's minded vot-
ers But the revolt of Mr.. Smoot
indicates that all is not well.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-31

Like Senator Dalton. who is the
Republicans favorite choice for
Governor. Mr.. Smoot advocates
locally administered pupil assign
ment plan which could result in
the admission of some Negro stu
dents to white schools. He believes
in this way the State can in large
measure preserve its customs, and
at the same time keep the public
schools open.
This approach got a shot in the
arm last week when the United
States Supreme Court refused to
review a segregation case arising
in Old Fort. N c., leaving intact
lower court decree which held
that North Cardinals placement
plan is constitutional on its face.
The North Carolina plan is locally
administered. like the program ad-
vocated by Mr.. Smoot, and there
is no fund cutoff legislation in the
Tar Heel State like there is in
Virginia.
Vlrginia's placement plan already
has been held unconstitutional on
its face in a lower court ruling
principally because of the school
fund cutoff that automatically &C.
ours whenever indignation takes
place.
Mr.. Smoot is aware that his posi-
ton on segregation is akin to that
Of the man the Republicans want
to run for Governor But he ism t
the first of the party faithful to
rebel in Alexandria. His close friend,
State Senator Armistead Boothe,
cosponsored local pupil placement
legislation with Senator Dalton at
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-31
The PROS AND CONS nunDr STAR washington AIT
Right-to-Work Laws-A Hot Labor Issue
SUPPORT SEEMS TO BE GROWING

"right-to-work" law, forbidding a-union employment
contracts in any State Republican Senator Barry Gold
water OF Arizona is pushing an amendment to the
administrations civil rights bill which would protect
what he describes as the right to work for and
non-union members alike.
Labor leaders also concerned about third
course OF attack opened by rght-to-work advocates
local right-to-work laws. city ordinance against
compulsory unionsm passed last fall by Palm Spring.
Calf, is being tested in the courts.
Activity in 20 Stotes
At the State level. there has been right-to work
activity, one way or another in about 20 States this
year.
Indiana passed law, joining II other right-to-
work States Alabama. Arizona, Arkansas, Florida
Georgia, Iowa, Mississippi Nebraska Nevada North
Carolina North Dakota South Carolina South Dakota
tennessee Texas Utah and Virginia
Attempts to pass laws have failed in at least three
States In Idaho it missed by four votes in the Senate
wyoming and Colorado Legislatures rejected righ-to-
work riders to civil rights legislation.
Bills are pending in Maryland Delaware Kansas
connecticut. New Hampshire and Ohio And pressures
Tor rlght-to-work" laws are building up in Illinois,
Wisconsin, Minnesota, Vermont Oklahoma New Mex
lco Oregon and Washington.
On the repeal side efforts were or are being made
IN North and South Dakota Nevada Nebraska and
alabama and in Nevada, where repeal referendum
tailed last year Repeal was recommended in Tennessee
and Iowa by the Governors
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-31
The Arguments
Against Them
BY STANLEY RUTTENBERG

ny oAhENLE1 hOIAENbEhG
American workers have the right
to organize and join unions. But
some people still want to fight
unions and keep them from con-
tinuing to improve American liy-
ing standards.
Since the right to organize is
recognized by law. antilabor forces
-~~------~--~--
Nj. Ruttenbers is reseorch director for the
AFL-cl0
have chosen union security as their
target. They have found a new sub
terfuge. slick slogan, 1.-THE right
to work." to achieve their purpose.
With sanctimonious concern for
the right" of the individual, they
try to make union security clauses
illegal and wreck free collective
bargaining. They want to protect
American workers against them
selves and give them the right to
low wages and substandard condi-
lions.
One reason for the attacks cur
rent intensity is the prevalence of
union security provisions in collec-
tive bargaining agreements. Today,
about four of every five labor man.
agement contracts contain some
union security provision insuring
that the union. which is legally re-
quired to- represent members and
nonmemberS alike, can follow the
will of the majority to have all the
workers in shop pay for the serv-
ices rendered.
Most Prefer Security
A Labor Department study shows
that in 1854, 70 per cent of the
agreements covering 81 per cent of
the workers in 100 contracts had
union security provisions. The per-
centage of workers not covered by
union security clauses had dropped
from 81 per cent to 10 per cent
between l949 and 1854.
Why are union security clauses
so extensive? The obvious answer
is: Workers want them. "Right-to-
work" advocates claim falsely that
workers are forced to accept them.
The facts show that between l947
and 1851, the Government, under
the original Taft Hartley law, con-
Quoted secret-ballot elections to
find out whether workers wanted
union security provisions. In 81
per cent of these elections. the ma
jority voted for union security.
Do employers really oppose union
security? Although the National
Association of Manufacturers off,
cially deplores union security, 80
per cent of the companies repre-
sented on its board of directors that
have contracts with AFL-CIO un-
ions. have accepted union security
provisions. Big companies, for
merly bitter opponents to union
security. have recently accepted 1t
in their contracts: United States
Steel. General Motors. Interna-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-31

tional Harvester, International Shoe
and Remington Rand have worked
out constructive clauses inSuring
democratic protection for the UNI
ions representing workers in their
plants. In general, companies
which have accepted the demo-
cratic right of workers to join
unions recognize the common sense
justice of union security.
Mitchell Books Security
Have political leaders found
union security undemocratic? Sec
rotary of Labor James P. Mitchell
said: Il believe when employers
and unions representing a majority
Of their employees agree on a union
shop they should have the right
TO have one"
Do "right-to-work" laws mean
higher incomes? The lowest per-
sonal incomes in the nation are in
the "right-to-work" States. In 1855
per capita personal income in Mis-
sisippi was $946: in South Carolina,
$1.l08; in Tennessee, $1.256. But
highly industrialized States with
strong unions and no "right-to-
work" laws had high per capita
incomes: In 1855 CALIFORNIA; per
capita income was $2.271, Michi-
CAMS $2,134, New York's $2.263.
Do ''right-to-work" laws help
industrial growth? Most of the
growth in economies in less
developed States took place between
1889 and l943 before any right
to-work" laws were adopted. 1t Is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-31
BY MARY LOU WERNER

Virginia's Byrd organization is
talking big about Democratic soli-
darity on the segregation front, but
there are rumblings Of a revolution
in staid old Alexandria.
The last corner of conservatism
In Northern Virginia is the scene
Of lively House of Delegates cam
paign. with a once-loyal Byrd dis
ciple in the forefront Of a fight
against the determined segrega-
ton stand taken by the Old Do
minion's senior Senator and his
cronies.
The renegade Democratic cam
paigner is Albert A. Smoot. on seq
regation. his platform sounds as
though 1t might have been written
by Republican State Senator Ted
Dalton.
Certainly. the States Democratic
leadership is accustomed to noisy
opposition from North-side party
membership 1t doesn't usually
come from people like Mr.. Smoot.
He is an Alexandria businessman,
former vice mayor and son of a
former mayor.
This is the same Mr.. Smoot who
led Gov. Stanley's campaign in
Alexandria two years ago. That
was the year State Senator Charles
r. Fenwick OF Arlington also sought
the nomination. Campaign leaders
for Gov. Stanley weren't easy to
find in the Arlington Senator's
backyard.
-Four years ago. Mr.. Smoot man.
aged the Alexandria campaign OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-31

in the internal affairs Of these or
any nation"
Political activity In the field Of
foreign policy is a matter for the
State Department. Mr.. Larson
points out. His own agency has only
one job--to inform and interpret.
Reading rooms. film strips. televi-
sion, books and pamphlets, radio
broadcastS over the Voice OF Amer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-31
The ReIhxed Approach

Inc kelnxed Approach
Mr.. Larson is a tall. relaxed
looking man with the fair COM
plexion of his Scandinavian for
bears. He talks easily and directly,
with none of the traditional fam
boyance of the politician.
His tour of duty as head of the
USIA. in view of many, is groom
ing" assignment, perhaps in prep
aration for the 1860 elections or
for cabinet rank. Mr.. Larson
himself deprecates such SUCCESS
tons. He has. right now, an i'm
mensely important task to perform,
he says. and all his interests and
efforts are geared to that task.
Mr.. Larson joined the Eisenhower
administration in 1854 as Under
secretary of Labor. During the 1856
campaign he published "A Republic
can Looks at His Party" scholarly
analysis of what Mr.. Eisenhower
has called progressive conserva-
tism." In broad outline. the books
seek to reconcile conservative, ira
ditional Republicanism and the
modern. social-minded. govern
ment-in-partnership approach es-
poused by President Eisenhower. AS
such. it is sort of charter for the
Eisenhower Republicans who seek
to reshape their party.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-31

the mighty man himself. Senator
Byrd. additionally, he has stood
with Senator Byrd. Gov. Stanley
and company on the side of con-
sentative democracy in Virginia.
Still on Admirer
In a speech last week, Mr.. Smoot
commented that he still admired
and respected the Berryville apple
growers fiscal views. But the school
segregation issue finds Mr.. Smoot
in the camp OF the enemy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-31
Beck S Papers Raise
Constitutional Issue
BY PHIL YEAGER and JOHN STARK

TeamSer boss Dave Becs to turn his papers
70 Senate investigators last week has the question of
whether these are the kind of papers which the Senators
Shouo rghtuy have access The to that question
may not only figure in Mr. Becks future since could be
the basis for contempt action against him. but it NAV have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-31
BY FRED THEROUX

Arthur Larson, apostle Of the Eli
senhower new Republicanism." has
just about completed his shake
down as head of the United States
Information Agency. And he has
ideas.
Soon after. his appointment to his
responsible post. Mr.. Larson set out
on a personal inspection of USIA
posts throughout the world. Since
his return last month, he has been
applying the fruits Of his journey.
The USIA. including the Voice
of America radio facilities. operates
200 posts in 80 countries. all Of
them outside the Iron Curtain. Sew
enty-eight radio tranSmitters and
boosters put Voice broadcasts on
the air in more than As languages.
At overseas posts. some l.450
American personnel and $500 for
eign nationals are working for the
USIA program. And in the United
States. another $500 people gather.
prepare and transmit the materials
for dissemination overseas.
No Shokeup' Plonned
There will be no "shakeup" in
USIA, Mr.. Larson stresses. But
there will be some shifts in en-
phasis. To start. this Rhodes
scholar and former University of
Pittsburgh Law School dean is
bearing down hard on "veracity and
reputation" opposed to spur
of-the-moment responses to Com
munist propaganda onslaughts.
Propaganda" says Mr.. Larson.
lis not the mission of USIA. Our
job is to inform the world with
facts. II we do that consistently
and clearly. the agency will deserve
and get the respect and attention
OF peoples everywhere.
1t is the long haul. not the short,
that appeals to Mr.. Larson in
American efforts to inform the
world on the aims and intentions
behind American policy. He leans
to the documentary approach
whenever developments. such as the
Hungarian peoples revolt last fall,
put the Communist bloc in EN-
barrassing positions. Exploit the
situation, but do 1t with an ava
lanche OF facts.
The Iron Curtain peoples, Mr..
Larson Is convinced, are already
deeply suspicious of the crudities
OF the Communist propaganda
machine. Tales of germ warfare
in Korea. Of capitalist barbarisms
in colonial countries, OF widespread
unemployment and suffering in the
West make no more than transit
tory impressions. he contends.
In any nation, he reasons, leader
ship comes almost inevitably from
the alert, thinking people in the
population. With that group, he
insists, facts fairly and fully pre-
sented will count in the long run.
Coution With Neutrols
Toward the so-called "neutralist"
world, those nations holding aloof
from close Identification with
either the East or the West. USIA
under Mr.. Larson will tread with
caution. I'VE are guests in those
nations" he points out, land any
attempts at undue pressure or i'm
proper activities violates our obli-
cation to our hosts. The worst thing
USIA could do would be to inter-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-31

concerts and drama festivals-any
possible means for the strengthen
ing of truly personal contacts be-
tween the worlds peoples.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-31
The Arguments
For the Laws
BY SENATOR
BARRY GOLDWATER

The concept of the right to work
Is based upon two premises, the first
OF which is the freedom of the in
dividual. and the second of which
is the right of association. Our
whole system of government and
enterprise is based upon individual
rights and freedoms, and the right
to work is fundamental to the pres
ervation Of mans right to liberty
and the pursuit of happiness, as
prescribed by the Declaration of
independence.
Those in our country who have
Tor years argued that the right to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-31

Senator GoIdwoter. on Arizona Republican,
is sponsor Of Federal right to- work Ies-
islotion.
The Sidney herald., 1957-11-28
Window Prizes

Sidney merchants are displaying
about ESQ good Christmas prizes.
The numbered card by each prize
contains winning numbers. Remem-
Der, tn first number on the card
is good through Saturday, December
7, 4:30 p. m. Then, if the prize isn't
claimed, the two alternate numbers
become good, on a first come basis.
The Sidney herald., 1957-11-28
Lucky Numbers

This page of the Herald may have
a lucky number. Clip the numbered
coupon and see if it matches some
numbered prize in a Sidney store
window. Non-subscribers can obtain
this issue of The Herald at the
Sidney Drug Store, Hobby Shop, in the
Lalonde Hotel or the Hotel Pharmacy.
The Sidney herald., 1957-11-28

MONARCH LUMBER
OSBORN STUDIOS
AXEL NELSON AGENCY
THORNTON JEWELER
YELLOWSTONE MERCANTILE
SAFEWAY
NIEHENKE BLACKSMITH
FENCIL SIGN COMPANY
PILLS BARBER SHOP
COOP FEDERAL CREDIT UNION
HAROLD'S SERVICENTER
CHAPPY'S MOBIL STATION
VALLEY MOTOR SUPPLY
GREAT PLAINS SUPPLY
CALLS CONOCO SERVICE
COOP MARKET & CAFE
FARMERS UNION ms.
MONTANA DAKOTA UTILITIES
SIDNEY CLOTHING
RICHLAND NATIONAL BANK
HIGHLAND CAFE
TURNER DRUG CO.
ON THE SPOT TV
The Sidney herald., 1957-11-28
Your Window Prize Number
No 1856

Christmas Season A4rnouneemenf
For the convenience of shoppers, Sidney firms hand
ling Christmas items will be open the three Wednes-
days before Christmas until 900 pm, December 4,
IL and Is.
The Sidney herald., 1957-11-28

CdS ana lnCluOC SCdII0
FARMERS UNION OIL
MACHINERY
r. E. "A.
DESHAW'S
FRETTIM'S GARAGE
TOFTE IMPLEMENT
WARDROBE CLEANERS
SIDNEY CLEANERS
SIDNEY RADIATOR & GLASS
SIDNEY SHEET METAL SHOP
O. K. BARBER SHOP
GUYS BARBER SHOP
VALLEY HARDWARE
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER
SIDNEY CARBURETOR & ELEC.
CORRAL CAFE
VALLEY HOTEL
HIGHLAND MACHINERY
CHAD'S FURNITURE
COFFRIN & YORK. INC.
CLOYD-GORDER MORTUARY
SIDNEY NATIONAL BANK
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1957-03-08

Of New York, He viii speak at
the delegates luncheon. Speaker
at the annual banquet will be
radio newscaster John w. Wander
cook.
More than 500 members and
delegates are expected to attend
the meeting from the six-state
area served by Group Health.
They will represent nearly 10000
member families.
Dedication Of the architectural
award-winning new home office
building and medical center at
Como avenue and Eustis street in
st. Paul is to be part Of this year S
meeting, Minnesota's Governor
Orville l.. Freeman, Group
Health member, will give the ded-
ication address.
In a report prepared for the del
egates, Executive President, Geo.
w. Jacobson announced that 1855
saw new high for Group Health
in membership, business volume,
asset and surplus. Income of
Group Health Mutual passed the
four million dollar mark, he said.
Assets were up 100000 to S1,727,-
$40, and surplus rose $4,000 to
S674,2lS.OO.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1957-03-08
VI. Grid Ace
Claims Hotel
Barred Girl

Burlington, Vermont AMP
A South Burlington VT. hotel was
accused of racial discrimination
last week by the captain OF the
University Of vermont's 1855 foot
ball team. Leroy Williams Jr.. 81.
He charged that the hotel refused
to provide a room for his friend be-
cause she is a Negro.
The girl, Miss Joyce Austin OF
Montclair, N. J, was williams
date for the university's "Kalte
Walk" week end. He stated that
she was refused a room that had
been reserved a week in advance.
When she appeared the proprietor
was quoted as saying 1t was not
his policy to accept eolored peo-
pie" Instead. he was reported to
have steered them to the winston
Road Hotel. which he said had a
policy Of accepting eolored peo-
Pile"
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1957-03-08

now that the Negro has been
treated as a second-class citizen
and has been denied equal rights
and opportunities guaranteed to
him by the Constitution. This fact
has been brought TO my attention
repeatedly during discussions at
meetings Of a number Of organi-
cations concerned with the prob
lem Of stamping out discrimina-
ton, bigotry and hate. l am
member OF several OF these or
CARNATIONS.
AS ! have already stated In
the local press. radio and tele-
vision I did not use the words
"rabbIe-rousers," attributed 20
me In the Birmingham news
story. IL IL regrettable that
was misquOted.
The people Of st. Paul know
my record on human relations
and in the field Of bringing about
better understanding among all
peoples.
Il have been a staunch support
er Of FEPC legislation and my
acts In the city council dating
back many years, during which I
served substantiate what I have
said in this statement.
Il. I deplore segregation and
discrimination in all its phases.
% l have always recognized the
fact that the Negro has been the
victim OF the social disease Of
discrimination and segregation"