davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-05
Israel Finds Role as Jewish Haven
Has Religious and Social Snogs

instance. attribute almost any ILL
ness to exposure to the evil eye.
Their ignorance Of the simplest
rules Of health and sanitation is
abysmal. They believe that child
may lose its appetite. contract
measles or mumps, or break leg
because Of the baleful influence Of
the malevolent eye. Mothers at
tempt to "cure" such maladies with
applications of the urine of an
eldest daughter.
If you think it is easy to per-
suade these mothers that such
treatment is ineffective" said Ailon
Shiloh, young Hebrew University
anthropologist, lust try it some
time.
Everything Middle Fasteners
do to combat the evil eye is entirely
legitimate and reasonable in their
eyes and usually falsely related to
religion. They obstinately resist
change.
We Indulge Them
what do we do about it? Well,
we indulge their superstitions If
they are harmless-as they usually
are-and take care of their mala-
dies with modern, medical methods.
There is no harm, for example,"
Mr.. Shiloh said, ''in the Yemenite
custom that requires girl to plunge
her hands into flour and whiten
her arms to the elbows when she
reaches puberty. She must then
climb a ladder and toss candles to
children. The -four and the sweets
attest to her puberty and fertility
the two blessings of nubility.
Such customs do no harm and If
it makes the newcomers happy we
make no objection. They do, how
ever create problems. They set the
new immigrants apart and retard
Israelization, which means, after
all. adapting to life in q modern
Western society"
But most Of the problems created
by the preponderantly Oriental
immigration stem, in fact, from
religious differences. The ultra
religious newcomers who meet in
modern Israel a determination to
separate church and state, drift
into the ranks of right-wing
political parties and join the ex-
tremists who stone cars and pro-
test the use of telephones and
radios on the Sabbath.
The political implications are
obvious: A shift to the right would
wreck the present democratic
coalition and, indeed. bring about
the kind Of theocracy which the
overwhelming majority Of Israelis
frankly dread.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-05

u must decline to answer thot q6es-
tion becouse of'my rights and privileges
os sronted BY the Fifth Amendment to
the United Stotes Constitution. -"
And so another witness joins the
long parade of those who have
sought refuge in the Fifth Amend
ment over the last eight years.
Most often the witnesses have
used the amendment to avoid
answering questions by congress
Soral committees investigating
81" rings, Communist. operations
ar assorted criminal rackets.
me result of this almost whole
Sc resort to the protection of
the Fifth has been to bring the
practice into disrepute. When a
witness pleads the Fifth Amend
ment the public tends to assume
he is guilty of something.
Even President Eisenhower said,
at news conference March ~,
II must say I probably share the
common reaction if a man has
to go to the Fifth Amendment
there must be something he doesn't
want to tell"
But there is another interpreta-
ton of the Fifth. 1t is outlined
in leading treatise on evidence
by the late Prof. John Henry Wig
more, dean of the law school at
Northwestern University. Said
Prof. Wigmore in an objected
passage:
THE simple and peaceful proc
eSS of questioning breeds a readi-
ness to resort to,bullying and physi-
cal force and torture. If there is
q right to ask question, there
soon seems to be a right to the
expected answer; that is, a con-
fession Of guilt"
Has Many Projections
In case you have forgotten, the
amendment reads in part: mo
person shall be compelled in
any criminal case to be q witness
against himself. :"
wrapped up in the full amend
ment is your guarantee against
continuous persecution, arbitrary
arrest, outright confiscation Of
your property, forced confessions.
One Of the outstanding constitu-
tional LAYERS of the past so years,
David K. Watson of Columbus,
Ohio once wrote.
This is the greatest of the orig
inal amendments, 1t secures to the
citizen certain rights without which
society could not endure, nor the
state survive
The Fifth is an individual pro-
lection. The right to refuse to
Self-incriminate exists only for
persons. not for corporations. Fur
ther, the United States Supreme
Court has held it is a purely per-
sonal privilege; a witness may not
take the Fifth because some other
person might be incriminated.
In addition, the Supreme Court
has held that a witness must claim
the protection specifically.
Most Of the appeals to the Fifth's
protection have arisen out of court
cases, but eight years ago a new
trend began.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-05
The Fifth: Protection And Refuqe

must enter q plea of innocent for
him; he is innocent before the law
until proven otherwise.
The use of the oath procedure
spread to the court Of the starred
chamber" during the reign of
Charles I, who was born in 1900
and who lost his head to q Puritan
executioner In 1640.
In the year that followed Charles
beheading, the oath was abolished.
At this point the doctrine that a
man cannot be forced to testify
against himself entered into the
body of English common law.
The doctrine against self-incrim-
nation was brought to America.
Even before 1889, when the United
States came into being, seven
States had clauses in their consti-
tutions against forcing a man to
swear to his own hurt.
When the Constitution was
drawn, however, and sent to the
Is colonies for ratification in 1857
there was no mention of the doc
trine Four States proposed in their
ratifying conventions that it be
made a part Of the organic law.
Come Up in First Congress
At the time of the first Congress
the matter came up for inclusion
in the first 10 amendments-the
Bill of Rights. The proposal was
made by James Madison of Virginia,
later the fourth President of the
United States.
AS proposed by Madison. the
amendment included a blanket
protection against self-incrimina-
ton. The words "in any criminal
case" were inserted at the behest
of John Lawrence of New York,
who pointed out that Congress had
already empowered judges to force
testimony Of an discriminating sort
in civil liability cases.
So much for history. Time and
again Congress has claimed frus-
tration in its Investigations by wit
nesses who have invoked the Fifth.
In 1857 Congress tried to get
around the prohibition against
self-incrimination by passing a gen.
eral immunity law which provided
that no person who testified before
either House or any congressional
committee could be prosecuted for
any acts or facts to which he was
required to testify.
This immunity act promptly be-
came refuge for scoundrels. Sem
ator Lyman Trumbull, Republican
Of Illinois, pointed out five years
later the case of "a man who stole
two millions in bonds, If you please"
from the Interior Department.
What does he do?" asked Trum-
bull. He gets himself called as a
witness before one of the investi-
eating committees and then
cannot be indicted"
Senator Trumbull proposed an
amendment to the act to diminish
its broad coverage. Congress en-
acted it, but then the Supreme
Court threw out the entire act. as
amended. because the protection
was not as broad as that contained
in the Fifth Amendment.
Since then, there have been re-
peated attempts to write an inn
munity act as broad as the Fifth
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-05

Yet, suggest to even the most
critical Israeli that the present
come one-come all" immigration
policy be altered In favor Of Q
more discriminating one and he
will throw up his hands in horror.
ITO do that" he win say. would
be to abandon the very reason for
our existence. Israel was meant 10
be haven for stateless and
oppressed Jews wherever they
might be-"
1t is the oldsters, Of course, who
adapt slowly to life In the new
state and who suffer most from
being different" in appearances.
dress, habits and speech or accent.
The presence Of Jews Of Middle
Eastern origin in the Israeli society,
incidentally, has made Israelis more
aware than ever of differences In
the color Of their skin.
This is not to say that Q color
bar" exists in Israel. But o color
problem does exist.
There's on Aloofness
Jews Of European extraction do
tend to remain aloof from their CO.
religionists of Middle Eastern origin.
Some employers have been known
to discriminate against the latter.
1t is significant, however, that at
least one effort to create an lex
elusive" community failed dismally.
1t is also significant that some S
per cent of the marriages which oc-
CURED last year in the burgeoning
Negev capital of Beersheba were
between young newcomers from
Middle Eastern countries and
native-born "Sabras" of European
blood.
Intermarriage, however, is not the
only fusionist force at work in Is
raeli society. The most potent is
the army, where intensive courses
in Hebrew, equally intensive train
ing in citizenship and trades, and
the stimulation of common ideals
quickly make modern Israelis out of
young men and women of different
lands and cultural backgrounds.
But sometimes assimilation fails.
Annually, about Z per cent give
up the struggle and re-emigrate to
less rigorous societies = Italy,
France, Britain and the Common
wealth and, If they are very lucky,
the United States.
The figure for re-emigration, !
was told, was comparable to the re-
emigration rates of other countries.
Nevertheless. the fact remains that
for considerable number Of Jews
Israel is something less than a
Promised Land.
Worldwide Press ServiceD
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-05

MenI as low as per cent OF the
price Of the house. With an FiA-
insured loan the down payment
may be as low as per cent Of the
first $1,000 Of appraised value and
rs per cent above $1,000. Without
VA or FILA guarantees you need
what the trade calls a "conven-
tional loan" Down payments
under such loans range from 10
per cent to 40 per cent Of the pur-
chase price.
5. What Is the discount system?
This involves paying a lender a
cash discount to induce him to pur-
chase a mortgage.
Say a $4,000 mortgage is for
sale. A lender will not pay the
full par value $4,000 for it be-
cause Of low interest rate or low
down payment or other feature
that makes 1t unattractive. He says
he would be willing to buy the
mortgage for $9.700.
The catch is that somebody, the
seller or the buyer. has to absorb
the $500 knocked of the price of
the mortgage. In most instances
the seller tacks 1t on the price of
the house. Discounts, in rare in
stances, have run as high as 10
per cent Of the house price.
8. Is any 5 per cent money avail
able for conventional loans?
A survey in Washington turned
up one life insurance company and
one large commercial bank which
still offer per cent mortgage loans.
Not everyone can get these loans,
however. The insurance company
is not interested in a house priced
under $17,500 or over $4,000. It
says public transportation, water
and utilities must be readily avail
able to the house. This company
doesn't consider a borrower a good
risk unless he makes at least SIPS
week.
The bank. for the past four years,
has limited It's real estate loans to
its customers. The rate goes up
TO 5hs per cent II the house is in
what officials call an outlying
area" one as far away as Fairfax
County, Va.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-05
SUPPLY IS TIGHT
By SHIRLEY H. sCHEIBLA


The Senate Finance Committee
definitely will go into the home
mortgage situation when it inves-
tigates the administration tight
money policy. according to Chair
man Harry F. Byrd, Democrat of
Virginia.
Presumably Senator Byrd will
want to learn what effect the tight
money policy has had on home
mortgage loans and what measures,
If any, are needed to improve the
situation.
A survey In Washington of banks,
savings and loan associations and
other commercial lenders, home
builders and administration on
Gals In charge Of fiscal and housing
policies turned UP close agreement
on the causes for tight mortgage
money here.
The number one reason, they all
agree. is that investors are finding
more profitable places than home
mortgages for their funds-indus-
trial expansion, school construction
and road building. While it's true
that savings are UP, there is q
record demand for capital invest
ment money and savings aren't up
enough to satisfy it.
Present relatively high interest
rates on home mortgage loans are
reflection of the tight-money
situation. Commercial lenders in
Washington explain it this way:
When money was scarce. they
boosted the rates they paid on
savings to encourage deposits. Since
they paid more to get the money
they now have in savings, they have
to charge more for lending it.
The Experts Answer
What does all this mean to the
average resident Of greater WASH
ington who is interested in buying
a home? Here are some questions
which may be running through his
mind, and the answers supplied by
experts in the field.
l. Should I buy a house now
or wait?
The president Of one savings and
loan association says he expects
his interest rates on conventional
mortgages to remain at 5h per
cent for the remainder Of this
year. After that 1t may ease of
to S per cent. he says. This expert
adds, however. that, by that time
he believes housing costs will be
higher. In other words, you might
get slightly lower interest rate
next year, but you'll need to bor-
row more money.
Cyrus B. Sweet, Assistant Com
missioner for Operations at FILA,
says:
If wanted to buy a house,
would buy 1t now. can't see where
things are going to get any cheaper
In The immediate future"
Albert M. Cole. Administrator Of
the Housing and Home Finance
Agency. in testimony before the
House and Senate Banking Com
mittces last month said he believed
the worst has been weathered in
tight mortgage money. He added.
however. that he believed II would
remain relatively tight for the rest
OF the year.
James w. Pearson, executive vice
president Of the Home Builders
Association Of Metropolitan WASH
ington, declared: Il don't believe
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-05
A Survey Of Mortgage Money

conventional loans win go below
5h per cent anytime soon-cer-
tainly not for six months"
2. Are lenders becoming more
selective regarding mortgage prop
critics?
Yes. There is a fairly general
aversion to financing small, two
bedroom houses. One institution
won't finance house unless it has
three bedrooms, a minimum Of 500
square feet. basement and either
a garage or carport. While one
bathroom is acceptable, at least
a bath and a half is preferred.
One lender says 1t will accept a
house without basement providing
1t has very good storage facilities.
The same organization says it will
finance two-bedroom house If
it can be expanded fairly easily.
Another local lender absolutely
turns down what he calls "old
mansion-type houses" He says
they're a drug on the market here.
Mortgage outfits also are paying
much more attention to the loca-
ton Of house than they did here
tofore. The financiers like your
house to be close to schools and
public transportation. They want
city water and sewer services.
At least one company has a gen.
eral ban on financing with a septic
tank or well. 1t makes exceptions
only where Cd the house is in an
exceptionally fine neighborhood Of
high-priced houses. 90 the lot
is large-one-haf acre at the min
imum, and 90 septic tanks and
wells are prevalent in the neigh
borhood.
3. Are lenders becoming more
selective regarding borrowers?
Yes. Many companies are tighten
ing UP their criteria for determining
how much Of a mortgage loan a
man can afford. Under VA-insured
loans some used to say his monthly
payments for housing could go as
high as Is per cent Of his monthly
take-home pay. Now they're back
to the old rule Of 20 per cent.
In addition, they're getting
stricter in figuring this net income.
Many lenders refuse to consider
overtime pay and part-time jobs
In computing q mans income.
Most companies used 10 give
credit for so per cent Of working
wife's income II she was over 38.
Today they only count rs per cent
Of the wife's income. She still has
to be over 38. They figure at that
age she's less likely to stop working
TO have babies.
In figuring a mans mortgage
capacity today, the lenders also are
paying more attention TO his habits
Of buying on the installment plan.
They reason a habitual installment
buyer is more likely to overobligate
himself.
FomiIy Size a Foetor
The size Of a mans family Is
considered more carefully. too. It
stands 10 reason. one bank ex-
plains. that II two men have the
same size loan. the man with only
one child can pay of his debt more
easily than a man with. say. seven
children TO support.
4. What advantages are there 20
having FLA or VA guarantee my
mortgage loan?
With q VA-insured loan It Is pos
sible 70 make q cash down pay
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-05

During the investigations into
crime by the Senate subcommittee
headed by Senator Estes Kefauver,
Democrat of Tennessee, one rack
eteer after another resorted to the
amendment.
Then Congress began uncovering
evidence that Communist spy
ring operated during World War
II. The public was treated to the
spectacle Of people in positions
Of public trust taking refuge in the
Fifth to avoid answering questions
about their relationship to the So
viet-inspired ring. More recently.
of course, the Fifth has received
a workout at the Senate labor
management racketeering hearings.
At face value the Fifth is a vital
protection for the innocent, yet,
somehow it has become q haven
for those who would duck questions
concerning public welfare and ma
tional security.
Hos Deep Roots
The doctrine that a man doesn't
have to give evidence that would
incriminate him is rooted deep in
English common law. AS far as
1t can be traced, the doctrine was
first enunciated in 1890 in an "opin-
ion Of nine most learned doctors Of
civil law" 1t did not become law
for another so years. however.
The matter of self-incrimination
arose in connection with the reli-
gious struggles between the en-
trenched Church of England and
the Puritans and Quakers.
In England then, and well into
the 18th century, there were three
sets Of courts-common law, equity
and ecclesiastical. In the latter
there was procedure known as
the "ex-officio OATH"
Under this procedure any person
accused by two people of a violation
Of Church of England ritual, teach
ines or discipline had to deny the
charge under oath even before
trial or investigation or be adtudged
guilty by his silence. This pro-
cedure was the reverse of today,s
practice. Now II q man stands
mute before Q court, the Judge
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-05
WORLD GRopEs FOR CONTROL PLAN

Continued From Page Ass
count" from a genetics viewpoint
and labelled as very unfortunate"
an ofiicial statement made last
year by Atomic Energy Commission
Chairman Lewis Strauss that ge-
netic effects from test radiation
were harmless"
Hearings This Month
Following Mr.. Weaver's testimony,
Senator Humphrey referred the
fallout problem to the Joint Com
mittee on Atomic Energy, which
has since created a special sub
committee. under Representative
Chef Holifield. Democrat OF Cali
fornia. to hold public hearings
beginning May ~ and extending
through June Z. The hearings will
cover In detail the whole fallout
cycle from its inception In the
defamation Of nuclear weapons,
through its dissemination In the
atmosphere and descent TO the
earth. and finally TO It's uptake and
effects on human beings. animals
and vegetation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-05
By FRANK GERvASI

JERUSALEM.-This year Israel
will attempt to absorb 1900 new
citizens. -
Fully one-third Of the national
income will be directly and Indirect
ly dedicated in 1857 to bringing APP
proximately 100000 stateless Jews
into this nation of somewhat over
IL million-housing them, teach
ing them Hebrew and caring for
them until they become productive
citizens in their own right, a proc
ess usually requiring a full year.
The 1857 immigration will repre-
sent an increase in the nations
Jewish population of approximately
s per cent, staggering economic
burden and a problem of assimila-
ton probably unprecedented in rel
alive scope. On the basis of popu-
lations. the influx is the equivalent
Of 10 million immigrants entering
the United States.
It would be sheer exaggeration
to say that the Israelis are UNDER
taking all that is involved with the
cheerful self-sacrifice which char
acterized their attitude during the
flood tide Of Jewish immigration
from 1913 through 1851, the years
Immediately following the creation
of the state.
There is increasing awareness
and resentment of the weight of the
tax load which immigration i'm
poses. as there is a growing con-
sciousness-and here is the rub
of political and social problems
generated by the influx of Jews
Of different racial strains and with
diverse religious and cultural out
looks.
Homogeneity Locking
Aside from their Jewishness.
there is little cultural homogeneity
a m ong immigrants from Khurdi-
stan and Hadhramout and India,
from Samarkand, Yemen, Bokhara,
Morocco. Poland. Turkey, Iran,
Hungary, 1raq, Rumania, Bulgaria,
Germany. Egypt and a score of
other countries.
Some are religious to the point
Of fanaticism and others are so
liberal in their attitude toward
their faith as to ignore all but the
basic dietary laws.
Those from the Middle East and
North Africa often come with q
cultural baggage Of superstitions
and folkways utterly foreign to the
mores Of the established resident
population. The process Of adjust
ment can be as painful to the adj
justers as it is to the adjustees.
Many Middle Eastern Jews, for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-05

David s. jenkins, director Of
Interiors once Of Saline Water,
is an exponent Of this theory.
II believe" says Mr.. jenkins.
that water engineers are begin
ming to realize that the true value
Of water is not what we have been
accustomed to pay for it-but is
rather the cost Of its replacement.
This means that, in the future,
normal water value is likely to
be higher than In the past or
present"
Interiors saline water CONVEX
sion program operates mainly in
cooperation with private industry
and research organization Some
Of this is by cooperative agree
ment-as with the DUPONT Co. in
Filipino forum. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1928-196?, 1957-04-19

lin just I
he Amer
warming
he date
Filipino forum. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1928-196?, 1957-04-19
Former Seattle Student
Passes Bur Examination

Zoilo c. Paragas, former stu
dent at the University of Wash
ington, was one of the 2,283 ex-
aminees who passed the bar ex-
aminations in Manila in August
of last year, according to reports
from the Philippines.
Mr.. Paragas took business adj
ministration at the University of
Washington. His studies were in
terrupted when he was indicted
into the army and was sent over
seas during World War II.
Honorably discharged at the
end of the war Mr.. Paragas re-
turned to the Philippines and went
into business for himself.
He attended evening classes in
law at the Dagupan Colleges,
graduating last year with the de-
gree of Bachelor of Laws. He took
the bar examinations last August
and passed them successfully.
Mr.. Paragas will be remembered
as one of the active Filipino lead.
ers in the labor movement here
and was one time president Of
the Pangasinan Association of the
Pacific Northwest.