davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-17
Third Battle of Manassas

1t was at the first Battle of Manassas
that StoneWall Jackson won his nickname
and, appropriately enough, defenders of
the historic battlefield are standing like
a stone wall, too, against a threatened
modern-day invasion of the area by high
way engineers. Again Federal forces are
arrayed against VirginianS-in third
battle that will decide the fate of an i'm
portant part of Manassas National Bat
tlefield Park. We hope the Federals win
this last conflict.
The Federal invaders were licked in
both previous battles, of course In the
f1rst clash, on July 81, 1861, the Confed-
crates under General Beauregard sent
the Union troops under General Mellow
ell running back to the Potomac, after
General Jackson and his men had stood
like stone wall" under the assaults of
the FederalS. The hasty fight of the
Union soldiers overran fleeing groups of
sight-seers from Washington, who had
driven out in wagons and buggies to see
the expected defeat of the Rebels. The
second battle, on August 20, 1862, ended
In victory by Confederate Generals Lee,
jackson and Longstreet over Union Cen
eral Pope. Those were great days for
the Confederate cause.
Thousands of men on both sides died
In the two Civil War engagements, and
the bodies of some of them still lie buried
there. A number of monuments COM
memorating valiant actions by units of
both sides mark the scenes of action.
The third battle of Manassas has grown
out of the disclosure at Richmond of
plans by the Virginia Department of
Highways for making a dual-lane high
way out Of the section of Lee High
way which runs through the heart of the
battlefield. The proposed route of the
new lane would cut through land where
Stonewall Jackson took his stand, through
small reservation containing monu-
ment to fallen men of New York's 18th
Brooklyn Regiment and through fields
hallowed by the Americans who fought
and died there.
The National Park Service, which has
supervision over the park, and various
military and other groups are fighting
against any dissertation of this ground by
bulldozers and road builders. They are
urging that right Of way elsewhere, per-
haps along the old Warrenton- Alexandra
road, south of Route 29-211, be picked for
the added lane. The decision is up to
General James A. Anderson, commander
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-17
Dr.. Bohr's Contribution

It is fitting that Professor Niels Bohr
of Denmark has been chosen as the first
winner of the Atoms for Peace Award.
For few men have contributed as much
as he has to the theoretical and practical
development of nuclear energy. In that
respect, as the late Albert Einstein once
said of him. HE is unquestionably one
of the greatest discoveries of our age"
and so it is not really surprising that
this new international honor has been
bestowed on him by unanimous vote
of the awards distinguished board of
trustees.
DR.. Bohr, now II, began making his
discoveries as young student of physics.
He was only % when he won the highest
medal of the Royal Danish Academy of
Science. And in 1922, at the age Of 81,
he received the Nobel Prize, and achieved
world renown, for his trail-blazing theo-
retical work on the structure of the atom.
He thus played a key role in opening
up vast new frontier of revolutionary
knowledge, and in the war yearS-after
having fled to the United States from his
Nazi-occupied country-he made a major
contribution to the development of the
A-bomb.
But DR.. Bohr, who has long since
returned to his famous Institute for
Theoretical Physics at the University of
Copenhagen, has always thought of the
atom primarily in terms of Harvesting it
for beneficent uses. His labors along
that line have been of incalculable value
to all the world, which is why the Atoms
for Peace Award becomes him so we'll.
Established last spring by the Ford Motor
Company Fund, the prize-a medal and
an "honorarium" of $75,000-is to be
bestowed annually for period of at least
10 years, and the fact that he is its first
recipient indicates that the standards of
selection will be very high
AS President Eisenhower has noted,
not the least important feature of this
event is that it should offer encourage
ment to men everywhere-on both sides
of the Iron Curtain-"who hold that
science can be made to serve the hopes
of mankind and help bring peace to the
world" DR.. Bohr, in any case, has in
Spired all such men by showing how the
atom can be used not to destroy civiliza-
ton, but to build what could be the
brightest epoch in human history.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-17

wages are earned and home,
where most wages are spent.
Building the expressway makes
1t easier to earn money in the
District and spend it in Mary
land and Virginia. Hence less
revenue and more deterioration
OF real estate are the inevitable
consequences Of this exodus OF
wage earners. Is this desir-
able?
Do We want the individual
small property owner to re-
develop blighted areas? The
latest proposed route cuts
across homes already restored
and fans out in ribbons to
impinge on property ear
marked tor restoration. These
people who have relatively
small investments earn wages
In the District, pay taxes in the
District. and make the bulk
Of their purchases in the Dis
trict. Now the ones already
living in Foggy Bottom can
envision the roar Of express
way traffic through cuts in
front Of their homes, II their
homes are left intact. Anyone
contemplating moving into
this area will pause before
acquiring property which will
ultimately overlook an express
way.
The answer is not easy, but
If the interests of the individ-
ual small property owner are
sacrificed. urban redevelop-
ment will surely be retarded
and left only to publicly f.
nanced slum elimination pro-
jects or to the few large in
terests who can afford TO A.
nance tremendous apartments
or ONCE buildings.
Resident and Property
Owner In Foggy Bottom.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-17

without any root in eternal
truth" puts a tremendous
weight on credulity. A famous
college professor and a man of
faith suggests as he appraises
a creed of negation that the
chance Of the assumptions of
unbelief being true would have
to be represented by a frac-
ton with one for a numerator
and with a denomination that
would reach from here to one
Of the fixed stars. Another
scholar who honestly exam
ined unbelief exclaimed, How
many things hard to credit
one must believe in order not
to be a Christian" The trou-
BILE is that the difficulties Of
religion are examined under
microscope, but usually the
owner of the microscope does
not hold it over his own doubts
or over the implications Of his
lack Of faith. The baneful
results of blasphemous de-
mails on a tremendous scale
are being shudderingly shown
to our generation by the
dreadful social pattern OF
atheistic materialism.
Certainly one who accepts
the beliefs Of unbelief with its
assumptions Of a universe that
is dead and Goddess is called
before the bar of reason to ex-
plain such undeniable facts as
self-sacrifice, reverence, no.
bility, heroism and just what
it is that makes brave men
give up their lives in defense
of principles. The unbeliever
has to assert that the gran
deurs and glory of life at its
highest and best are just the
product of blind chance. No
wonder a great thinker weigh
ing candidly the. beliefs of un-
belief says, ITO Me it is all as
sensible as declaring that you
could take a bag containing
the letters of the alphabet and
throwing a few handfuls of
them up into the air expect
them to fall to the ground in
the form of a Shakespeare
sonnet or of Tennyson's In
Memoriam.' The thing is alb
surd."
There Is no unbeliet;
Whoever plants a seed be-
meath the sod
And ioditS to see it push
d,Ddy the clod.
He trusts in God.
There is no unbelief,
For this By day and night
unconSciOuSly
The heart lines By the faith
the lips deny
God knoweth why.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-17
THE GAME OF POLITICS
Senator Byrds Battle With the Budget
By FRANK R. KENT

In a short time now Con-
gress will be engaged in a
grim struggle to handle the
presidential budget. the out
come of which will be of vital
importance to all of us. The
circumstances under which
the budget has been presented
are probably unique in the
history of the country. For
one thing, in size-approxi-
mately $72 billion-it is the
largest peacetime budget ever
known.
For another, 1t is presented
at a time when the national
debt is at its highest peak
$275 billion. For still another
thing. the great bulk of this
budget is for interest on the
national debt. for national de-
Tense and for foreign aid to
our allies and friends. In the
present state of our relations
with Russia. clearly none of
the three items can be safely
reduced. This leaves not much
more than $18 billion of the $72
billion appropriated susceptible
for genuine operational Sic
ing. Yet. really big reductions
are essential if the alarming
threat of runaway imitation is
to be leSsened and our eco
nomic stability recovered and
established.
Abnormal Situation
Normally, it is the President
and his Secretary of the
Treasury who defend their
budget and Congress, under
heavy pressure from various
quarters, which adds to it.
Among the other things that
normally exist is an apathetic
public sentiment that even
when well informed does not
make itself felt. Happily, there
is little normal about the pres
ent situation. For example, SO
far from defending their budg-
ct. both the President and
Secretary Humphrey have re-
peatedly declared it is much
too big" and have invited
Congress to reduce it. Also. the
Democratic leadership in both
branches is on record as de-
termined to resist the pressure
of the great Federal jobholders
lobby which so often has been
able to Illustrate efforts to
economic.
However, the two really po-
tent reasons to hope that a
deep. significant reduction will
be made are seldom men,
toned. One is Senator Harry
F. Byrd of Virginia: the other
is the existence of a really
aroused public sentiment
against waste and high taxes
which is making itself felt in
Congress. Senator Byrd is the
most knowledgeable and de-
termined opponent of waste in
the whole Federal Govern
ment. For more than a quar-
ter of a century he has
fought governmental extrava-
gance and the New Deal theory
that is possible for a nation
indefinitely to live beyond its
means and that the size of the
national debt does not matter
because I'VE owe it to our
selves" Now, for the first time
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-17
View of Inner LOOP

Amidst the hodge-podge Of
discussion concerning the To-
cation of the proposed inner
loop expresSway in Foggy
Bottom, 1t is time to state the
fundamental issues. There are
three basic sets Of interests at
stake. First, the expressway Is
proposed to serve the needs Of
people whose only interest in
Foggy Bottom is to pass
through it quickly on their way
to suburban Maryland and
Virginia. Second, there are
the interests Of large institu-
tons and corporations who
plan or are building large
multi-million dollar structures
in this area. Third, there are
the interests Of the small indi-
vidual home owner who was
first to begin to redevelop this
formerly blighted area. Since
all three groups cannot be
satisfied with any of the three
basic locations for the express
way, 1t will have to be divided
where interests are most i'm
portant.
The incentive to leave urban
areas and move to the suburbs
is enhanced by providing easy
access between the place where
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-17

Was there a spy at work in
Seattle so years ago? On
March IT, 1907. in a dispatch
from that city. The Star re-
ported: 1T was learned yes
terday that the plans for the
new battleship Nebraska.
which show the distribution
of armor and batteries. have
been stolen from the desk of
j. H Fox. superintendent of
construction at the Moran
Brothers yard in this city. The
drawings have been missing
fifteen days. Today. the fol-
lowing notice was posted in
the yard: To Whom 1t May
Concern: In reference to the
booklet of plans of the Ne
braska. taken from Mr.. Fox's
desk. notice is hereby given
that these plans must be re-
turned within two days OF
steps will be taken toward
their immediate recovery The
battleship Nebraska is practi-
cally finished and ready to be
turned over to the Govern
ment. About 800 men are now
at work giving the finishing
touches. The fact that the
plans are missing and the
peremptory language of the
notice are causing considerable
excitement about the Moran
yards"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-17

treated. but after all in a de-
mocracy a minority does not
rule. Democracy is not the
process Of reducing everything
to the lowest common denomi-
nator. especially when such a
pattern disregards the deep
est convictions of the vast ma
jority. But what about this
individual who shouts so loud.
as is his right, that he takes no
stock in the religious creed
from which the glory of Amer
lea stems. Is it really true, as
he contends, that he is an
unbeliever? What is the be-
lief of one who thus claims to
be an unbeliever? Let us look
closely for moment at his
unbehef which really to the
normal person involves impos-
sible assumptions.
Sometimes the impression is
given that If the yoke of be-
lief is cast aside the unbeliever
is then scot-free Of any fur
ther concern. He is emanci-
pated. There could be no
more cruel fallacy. Every
skeptic faces the beliefs Of
unbelief. Gazing at the blank
and meaningless universe. any
intelligent doubter finds him.
self confronting difficulties
harder than before. To stand
in the presence Of some burn
ing bush Of beauty or Of no.
bility, of goodness and devo-
ton. and then to say II believe
all that is just the accidental
consequence of colliding atoms
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-17
Drives for Funds

It seems to me that the
people who want to do their
civic duty and contribute their
fair share to charities and
drives have been placed in a
very bad spot this year by
the organizations that elected
not to join the United Givers
Fund.
The fact that the first UGF
drive was such a tremendous
success proves that 1t is what
the people have wanted. and
they contributed to the best
Of their ability because they
believed in the principle of one
united drive for all. They
took no advantage Of this one
solicitation-they contributed
100000 more than all the
separate campaigns raised last
year. This proves to me that
most people felt as did. and
they gave a total of all their
usual contributions plus a bit
more.
Now the organizations which
for one reason or another did
not join the UGF are coming
along with their separate
drives. These organizations
need money and their causes
are worthy--and that's where
the unfairness comes in. l do
not want to see them fail this
year, so / am contributing. but
with the stipulation that 1t is
UP to them to join the UGF
next year, because ! cannot
and will not contribute to
separate campaigns again.
UGF has proven itself, and
now I think IL Is UP TO those
separate organizations TO tell
us why they elected TO con-
duct their own campaigns,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-17

he is in a position to be really
effective. Because as chairman
of the powerful Senate FL
nance Committee he will have
more to do in revising this
budget than any other man.
His position as well as his
record makes him the natural
leader in the fight.
It is also true that Senator
Byrd is, regardless Of party,
not only one Of the most re-
spected members of the Senate
but one of the best beloved.
Indication of the kind of fight
Senator Byrd intends to make
in this budget business was
given a few days ago in his
open letter to Budget Director
Brundage. In this he COM
mends Mr.. Brundage for some
things, condemns him for
others and asks him to explain
others, such as his failure
to take any action on the
Hoover Commission report
which points out how S. billion
could be saved without impair
ing any vital Government
function"
Too Much Waste
Probably this is the most
important fight Senator Byrd
has made in his whole public
career. Besides his own ability
and knowledge of Federal A.
nance, one very strong reason
for believing he will be sue
cessful is the existence of that
aroused public sentiment above
mentioned. For weeks evidence
of this has been pouring into
Congress in the form of letters
from all over the country. This
time people generally seem to
be conscious that danger looms
and anxious to do something
about it. That gives Senator
Byrd a power he never had
before. Another advantage
which the Byrd leadership has
is that Senator Byrd for years
has realized that the big waste
is in the little thingS-and to
get at those you must have,
as he recently pointed out, the
CO operation of the heads Of
the many boards and commits
sions concerning the very
existence of which the public
generally is ignorant.
An example of that recently
came to light in the relatively
new Department of Health,
Education and Welfare. This
department is sending over
the country a four-page ques-
tionnaire on the subject of to-
bacco. In it more than rs
separate questions are asked
most of them extremely silly.
With each QUESTIONABLE goes
a personal letter from the
Surgeon General, also a fully
addressed envelope in which to
return the filled-out question:
naire. The Government pays
the postage both ways. A man
who knows how to estimate
these things asserts that count
ing postage, printing, station
cry, clerical work, etc., this
piece of important research"
could easily cost a million
dollars. There are literally
hundreds of such projects at
tached to hundreds of boards
and commissions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-17
SPIRES OF THE SPIRIT
The Beliefs of UnbeIief
BY DIR. FREDERICK BROWN HARRIS
Chaplain Of the United States Senate

ever sincere in his unbelief, to
insist that 80 other fathers
against their desires must send
their children to goddess
schools?
1t is high time in America,
amid the confusion OF alien
tongues, that we realize that
in religion and other matters
there must be considered not
only the rights Of minorities
but also the rights Of MAORI
ties. To be sure, minorities
must be protected and fairly
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-17

of virginia's highway forces, at Rich
mond. This time many virginians must
share the hope that General Anderson
and his men will decide on a strategic
withdrawal, in Difference to the persua-
Sive pressure of Federal officials and
patriotic groups.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-17
LETTERS TO THE STAR

And I think 1t is up to them
to prove that they can collect
in a separate drive an amount
equal to UGF ALLEGATION plus
their campaign costs. salaries.
etc. And at the same time it
is up to them to disprove the
fact that they are asking the
public, in the name of charity,
to help maintain their long
established stats and pay for
their unnecessary campaigns.
r. II
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-17
FIFTY YEARS AGO IN THE STAR

ess of weighing the animal was
described as an interesting
one. He was coaxed into a
shifting box, which has sliding
doors at each end, and then
the door through which the
bear entered the box was
quickly closed and it was car
ried to the scale house and
weighed. box and all, the
weight of the box being sub
tracted from the total. =. :"
Accompaniment
A smart new barber in
Brooklyn found the answer, so
years ago. to the problem of
slow trade. On March IL.
1907, The Star reported:
Shaving men to music is the
latest novelty in Brooklyn.
An Italian barber who recently
opened a shop in upper Broad
way in the Bushwick district
is attracting customers to his
place by means of a violin
and guitar, and his business
rivals in the neighborhood are
preparing to adopt similar
methods to win back the trade
they are losing" The story
said the barber found business
slow when he first opened his
shop. 1t stayed that way until
one day, while an assistant
was preparing a customer for
shave. the barber picked up
his violin and began to play.
The customer enjoyed it, and
said he would tell all his
friends. He did, and business
doomed. Now" The Star
went on. "the other BARRIERS in
the neighborhood, learning the
secret of = the newcomers
success, are employing as
sistants with musical talent or
else installing automatic music
making instruments"
Crisis
The status of a public play
ground in Northeast Washing
ton was in doubt half a century
ago. The Star. on March II,
1907. said: THE Public Play
grounds Committee has been
notified by the owner of a
lot at North Capitol and p
streets NE. which has been
used by the association, with
out cost, as a playground for
three years. that, beginning
with April /. it will have to
pay rent or move. The news
was received with regret, as
the committee was of the
opinion that the owner was
going to permit the use Of
the lot without cost until he
secured a satisfactory pur-
chaser. Or. Curtis. the SUI
pervisor Of the playground
movement. says the managers
are greatly perturbed. not be-
cause they expect something
for nothing, but because they
are uncertain about having an
appropriation at their disposal
from which they can pay for
the renting of the playground.
AT the last session Of Congress
the Playground Committee re-
ceived $4,000 with which to
purchase Fairgrounds and
equip and maintain them, but
DR.. Curtis is doubtful II any
Of this sum can be used for
renting the North Capitol
street property. +. :"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-17
Weieh-In

The champion OF the bears
was weighed in at the Zoo so
years ago. On March l6, 1907,
The Star reported: THE big
brown Alaskan bear at the
National geological Park was
officially weighed by the au-
thorities there yesterday and
1t was found that the monster
tipped the scales at $40 pounds,
a gain Of 30 pounds during the
year. The great bear is con-
fined in one Of the outdoor
cages next to that occupied by
the polar bears. and the proc
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-17
Collapse

Workmen razing the old
Long Bridge met with an acci-
dent half a century ago. The
Star. on March Is. 1907, re-
ported: Seven men we're pre-
cipitated into the Potomac
River and all of them were
more or less injured between
1880 O'Clock and 2 O'Clock this
afternoon by the collapse of
the first span of the old Long
Bridge. The accident occurred
without warning and the span
went down with a loud crash.
sending great clouds of dust
into the air and causing the
spread of alarming reports.
The workmen were engaged in
the work of demolishing the
ancient and historic bridge,
when the span gave away, and
1t was quickly reported that a
number of men had been
killed. 1t appears that there
were seven men on the span
when it collapsed. and all of
them went down with the
debris into the river. A call
was sent at once for the
police. and ambulances and
patrol wagons responded. The
police and fellow workmen
rescued the men from the
river and sent the injured to
the Emergency Hospital :"
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1957-10-31
SUNNYSIDE
UNDERWOOD

Mr.. and Mrs. Clarence Mersing
and daughter, Juanita. of Mt. Lake
Park and their son, Charles Mer-
sing of Baltimore were guests on
Sunday of Mr. and Mrs. Charles
Nine. Guests on Friday of Mr.. and
Mrs. Nine were Mrs. Florence
Dean and Mr.. Kriss. of Rowlesburg
w. Va.
On Sunday afternoon, Glenn
Rinehart was visiting Dale Shaffef
who had undergone surgery at the
Garrett County Memorial hospital
Miss Katherine Rinehart was in
Oakland on Saturday as an attend
ant at the wedding of a school
friend, Miss Charlotte Munday
Mrs. Ardeth Evans spent the
weekend with her sister, Mrs. Bes.
sic Canaan and family.
Mrs. Julia Shaffer. of Crellin.
and Mr.. and Mrs. William Bowman
Of near Deep Creek Lake were Sun
day dinner guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
Asa Nethken.
Mr. and Mrs Noah Waybright
and family were in KeySer on Sun
day as dinner guests of Mrs. Way
bright's sister Mrs. Prema Lips
comb.
Mr.. and Mrs. Clarence Fulk and
grandson, ROnnie, and Mrs. Vir-
ginia Sanders spent Sunday in Oak
land where they were dinner guests