davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle., 1957-10-18
Danny Webster Is
Member Of Caducean's

Daniel Norton Webster, son of
Mr.. and Mrs. F. N. Webster, Mil
ford, Delaware, is a member of the
Caducean Club at The MERGERS
burg Academy, Mercersburg, Pa,
according to a recent announce
ment by DR.. Lewis H. Hitzrot,
medical director of the school and
adviser to the group.
This society is a voluntary one
at Mercersburg open to seniors
who are interested in studying for
the medical profession. Meetings
are held monthly, at which time
matters of interest to the profess
sion are discussed. Usually there
is a speaker from a nearby town.
Milford chronicle., 1957-10-18

Death has summoned Brother S.
G. Armour, a brother Odd Fellow,
and the golden gateway to the
Eternal City has opened to well
come him to his home. He has
completed his work in minister
ing to the wants of the afflicted,
in shedding light into darkened
souls, and in bringing joy into the
places of misery, and as his re-
ward has received the pIaudit
well done" from the Supreme
Master. He has been a true and
faithful member of our Order for
81 years. We of Crystal Fount
Lodge express our sympathy to his
wife and family.
GO
Crystal Fount started their win
ter term with a big membership
present. Our Noble Grand, Douglas
w. Ellingsworth, presiding. The
following committees were ap-
pointed: General Service, Har-
Ian Jester, Lucius Fox, Wilbur
Camper, Jr.; Auditing, Vernon
Kerr, Wallace McFaul, Michael
Groverman; Ways and Means,
Ernest Macklin, Edgar Morris,
Paris Kirby; Refreshments, Clay
ton Lord, Edward Mulholland, Will
bur Camper, Jr.; Publicity, James
A. Hall.
Keep in mind the Annual Church
Day which will be held this year
in Laurel The date is Sunday,
October 9th, in Christ Methodist
Church.
Our Memorial Services will also
be held at the same time. We are
anxious to have large attend
ance, and arrangements are being
made to provide light refreshments
after the services.
In addition to paying tribute to
our departed members, and wor-
shipping our Creator, this will pro-
vide a wonderful opportunity for
US to renew friendships and greet
our newer members. Please make
every effort to attend.
@
Due to the fact that ample space
will not be available in CAMDEN,
the THIRD DEGREE will be con-
ferred at DOVER in the GRANGE
HALL. The date is Saturday, Oc-
tober 26th, and this degree will be
conferred by Miller Lodge of Eas-
ton, Maryland.
On Thursday, October oath, a
Fifty Year Certificate will be pre-
sented to Brother Clarence Cros-
san Of Jefferson Lodge No. 2. This
presentation will be made by our
Past Grand Secretary Emeritus,
Herbert Z. Downing. If you can
make it convenient, arrange to be
present on this occasion. 1t will
be worth your while.
0
The Grand Secretary, Francis
Clough, has been informed that
Brother Ludvigsen suffered heart
attack in Cuba. His condition IS
reported as good, but he will he
confined there for a few weeks
yet. He also reports that Bob
Groat, Sovereign Grand Treasurer,
has been in an auto accident in
Trenton, N. j., and has been in the
hospital for the past two weeks.
Bob's condition is fair but he too
will be laid up for some time.
By the way, what was the name
of the last sensible book you read?
Milford chronicle., 1957-10-18
DRIVEN FREELOADERS

LOGAN, w. Va. Up Sneaking
into drive-in motion picture thea
ters in the trunks of cars has be-
come so prevalent that some thea
ter operators have hired extra help
to check cars as they park.
Magistrate Robert d. Skaggs re-
ported he had heard of 40 such
cases in recent months.
Milford chronicle., 1957-10-18
Milford Farm Hand
Is Killed BY Bull
CONTINUED from page one)

lcOntinued from page OneD
The victim suffered eight frac-
tured ribs on the right side and
died of internal hemorrhaging, ac-
cording to DR.. Regina Maryanchak
of the Milford hospital, who pro-
nounced Vann dead.
Since the bull which killed Vann
had no horns, it is assumed the
animal crushed him on the ground.
Vann is survived by MS wife,
Alma Vann, who lived with him for
many years on one of the Fry
farms, and a son in Wilmington.
Milford chronicle., 1957-10-18

You can travel thousands of miles
without finding better people than
those who live next door.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08
zee WORLD SCENE
Syria on the Brink

Since the days Of Peter the
Great. consistent aim Of Russian
expansionist policy has been to
gain q foothold in the strategic
Middle East. In recent years. with
the added inducement Of almost
unlimited oil resources and q
greatly enhanced strategic signifi-
canoe, Communist Russia seems
more determined than the Cars
to realize the ancient goal.
Last week there was growing
evidence that Russia has almost
succeeded. As the details Of the
Syrian-Soviet economic agree
ment began to fall into place. it
became apparent that the Syrian
economy would be geared to that
Of the Communist bloc for many
years to come.
And last Wednesday the State
Departments troubleshooter for
Middle East tangles, Deputy
Undersecretary Of State 10y
Henderson, indicated on his return
from . 14-day mission to the
Middle East that the political
implications Of syria's pro-Soviet
turn were equally significant. "Ex-
tremely serious" said Mr.. Hender-
son Of the Syrian Developments,
and likely to have serious effects
on the security Of the whole free
world"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08
uTTLE ROCKS LEGAL LABYRINTH
Foubus Roises Knoty Questions Of FederoIStote Law

Joint interest in the militia. They
provide for national use of the
militia in times Of emergency and
give the Federal Government a
hand in organizing. disciplining
and sustaining 1t. Training and
offering is left to the States.
Federal law specifically allows the
National Guard to be used within
a States borders during peacetime
at the discretion Of the Governor.
Congress doubtless may do as
1t pleases in regard to cutting of
funds for the Guard or any part
Of it. Whether the President can
do so, or whether the Guard may
properly be activated on behalf
OF the United States, by the Presi-
dent when it is being used under
orders Of a State executive, and
at a time when no threat Of force
TO the United States exists, are
questions with far less certain
answers.
Use OF InjunctiOns-In 1908 the
United States Supreme Court
ruled that State officials could be
enjoined by Federal courts from
enforcing State law which had
been declared unconstitutional or
which was being legally attacked
as such. This ruling evoked much
criticism in Congress; subsequently
the Federal code was amended
prohibiting Federal iniunctions
In such cases except by a three
judge court. Federal authority
has been further narrowed by
later Supreme Court decisions so
that the proper method OF its use
against State officials is some
what ambiguous.
Vulnerability Of State OhiciaIs
There is uncertainty as to
whether a State official can be
enjoined only when he is acting
to enforce q State law, the con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08

ton must normally be shown for
them to act.
While the observations of the
Mayor Of Little Rock, the school
board and disinterested persons
on the scene, suggest little original
need for the Governors actions.
the discretion and the decision is
not theirs. Law places RESPONSE
bility with the Governor and gives
him much leeway in carrying it
out-a constitutional principle
firmly imbedded in both State
and Federal law.
Where Is the Burden?
If Gov. Faubus continues in his
present stand, which legally is a
shrewd one, the issue may boil
down to this: Is the burden on the
Federal court to prove the Gov
ernor is Intentionally seeking to
obstruct indignation, or is the
burden on Gov. Faubus to con-
vince the courts he has reasonable
grounds for employing the State
militia as he has?
In favor of the Federal position
is the political necessity for OBJ
servance Of the supremacy Of
national law. The Federal Govern
ment obviously cannot afford to
permit an indefinite fiouting Of its
legal system, although it may
prefer to handle the matter-if 1t
can-through its legislative and
executive control of the militia
rather than through the courts.
In favor Of Gov. Faubus is the
fact that he has not attempted to
halt indignation elsewhere in
Arkansas or at other levels Of
education. This would seem to
strengthen his hand enormously
in any courtroom showdown, for
it would make difhcult the proof
Of his specific intent" to deprive
anyone Of his or her rights under
the Fourteenth Amendment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08

subsequent to the return of Syrian
President Shukri al-Kuwatly to
Damascus from Cairo. has appar-
emily changed the earlier estimate
Of the situation. Syria. Of course.
is not likely, under her present
regime, to complain Of Commu-
mist inroads. But If one of her
neighboring states did, the way
would be clear for any appli-
cation Of the Eisenhower doctrine
the administration cared to make.
From the United States point Of
view. an appeal for aid from an
Arab nation not a signatory to the
controversial Baghdad Pact would
be preferable to one from a nom
Arab state Turkey or Iran) or
from Arab Iraq. a pact signatory.
Such an appeal from a technical
neutral" in the East-West rivalry
would be more difncult subject
to attack in Soviet propaganda
than one from q nation already
committed to the Western bloc.
Thus q plea from either Lebanon
or Jordan would be most effective,
in the American view.
Moscow's reaction to the weeks
developments has been in keeping
with Soviet policy toward the
Middle East since the Russian foot
first wedged itself in the Egyptian
door with arms deliveries to Col.
NaSSer.
The Kremlin dispatched notes
to the United States. Britain and
France renewing the earlier So
Wet proposal for joint East-West
remuneration Of force in Middle
East affairs. But the notes were
couched in quarrelsome phrases.
The major blame for unrest in the
Middle East was placed on "the
quest for oil by American mionop-
olies," and the three Western
powers were accused Of ''prepar-
ing q Joint aggressive maneuver
against Syria"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08

stitutionality Of which is suspect.
or whether he may also be en-
Joined when he is carrying out his
general duties. Apparently If his
actions in the latter case 60 be-
yond his proper authority, or as
sumo unlawful or unconstitu-
tional aspects, an ofiicial may be
enjoined as an individual who is
no longer acting on behalf Of his
State. If he then fails to comply
with a valid Federal court order,
he may be in contempt.
Punishment Of State officials
The Federal code says that who
ever. under color Of any law. stat
ute, ordinance willfully SUBJ
jects any inhabitants of any State.
Z. =. to the deprivation Of any
rights protected by the Con-
stitution and laws Of the United
States" is subject to prosecution.
In 1945 the Supreme Court up
held use Of this law against a
Georgia sheriff charged with
abusing q Negro prisoner, but
reversed the conviction because,
1t said, the code requires proof Of
specific intent" to deprive q per-
son Of his rights which had not
been shown. Similar cases decided
by the court in 1851 and 1852.
however, imply that specific in
tent may be inferred from the
character and result Of the act
complained Of. Thus where State
officials act in violation Of Federal
law, as interpreted by the SUI
preme Court, 1t appears they may
be prosecuted on grounds other
than contempt.
PrOcedure-Proceeding against
a State officer in a legal manner
is often tricky. In the present
situation Gov. Faubus might be
asked to show cause why he is
not In contempt Of the general
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08
By PHIL YEAGER
and JOHN STARK

A quick look at some Of the
major legal elements involved in
the Arkansas school conflict sue-
gests two general observations:
. Gov. Orval E. Faubus' legal
position may not be as shaky as
1t has been painted.
. If 1t, or a later case like It.
produces a showdown in court, the
paramount position Of the Federal
Government may depend-ini-
tally at leaSt-on which party is
required to prove the reasonable
ness Of its position.
Areas Involved
Here are a few Of the areas Of
law which might be considered in
any effort to gauge the relative
Federal-State picture:
Jurisdictlon-The regulation Of
public schools falls within an area
Of concurrent jurisdiction by both
State and Federal courts. The
primary duty Of interpreting and
UNFOLDING education laws belongs
to State courts. Federal courts
generally coming into play when
cases arise involving diversity Of
citizenship or matters made the
responsibility Of the Federal Gov
eminent by the Constitution. Even
in the latter instance, State
courts may act. Since, as the ex-
perts point out, this dual system
Of courts presents numerous pos
sibilities Of intercourt conflicts
and interference" the conflict be-
tween the Arkansas State court
and the Federal court in the Little
Rock integration case is far from
unusual.
Use Of Militia-The Constitu-
ton and Federal statutes gives
States and the United States q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08

ton which took the National
Guard to quell, this city was quiet
as seven Negroes enrolled in pre-
ViouSly all-white schools.
Charlotte, N. c. - Dorothy
Counts. is, was spat upon and
showered with pebbles as she left
the building after her first day
at Harding High-the lone Negro
among 1900 white students. She
stayed home the next day with
a sore throat. Five teen-agers
were picked UP by police after an
efigy Of Negro girl was hung
from the schools f1agpole. Three
other Negro students attended
other Charlotte schools amidst
jeers Of 60 home, niger"
There was no violence.
Greensboro, N. Give Negro
children entered a white school
for the first time in this city,
without trouble. A small crowd
Of white teen-agers. described BY
police as school "drop-outs."
jeered.
Sturgis, Ky.-Eighteen Negro
students were integrated after
the cars in which they were rid
ing UP to the school were pelted
with bottles. cans and rocks. There
were no injuries and the Negroes
were not molested after they got
out Of their cars. Thirty State
troopers were on hand to main
tain order.
Dallas. Tex. - Federal Judge
William H. Atwell ordered the de.
segregation of the city's schools,
beginning next January. The
judge, who has criticized the SUI
preme Courts school integration
decision as one based on pSychol-
ogy rather than on law, twice
had turned down suits filed by
Negro parents. Recently overruled
by the Circuit Court Of Appeals.
he said he was left no choice
but to order indignation.
North Little Rock, Ark.-Inte.
grafton. which had been scheduled
for this school term, has been
postponed indefinitely.
Van Buren,, Ark.-Twenty-three
Negroes entered previously ALL
white schools for the first time
here, without incident. Three
Negroes also were integrated at
Ozark, Ark.
Nashville, Tenn. - A Federal
Judge on Friday ruled that the
States voluntary" plan, under
which parents could choose to
send their children to integrated
or segregated schools. was clearly
unconstitutional" The decision
cleared the way for mixed classes
to begin in this city tomorrow.
tFor report on the District.
see story by John McKelway on
Page A-27D
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08
Cuban Revolt:
B0tisto Holds

CubaS strong man President
Fulgencio Batista was still in
firm control Of his restless ma
ton yesterday. but his troubles
were pressing harder. On Thurs
day. a swift and sudden revolt
fiared at Cienfuegos. In South
Central Cuba. many miles from
the mountains Of Oriente prov
ince where rebel leader Fidel
Castro defieS Batista's rule.
The Cienfuegos uprising was
quickly QueIled by Cuban Army
troops using tanks and planes.
Sixty lives were lost. according to
government reports--12 Batista
soldiers and 40 rebels. But unof-
ficial reports put the death toll
much higher. The inSurgent
forces included officers and en-
listed men Of the Cuban Navy.
The Batista government con-
tinues to insist that the Fidel
Castro rebellion is a minor an
noyance. in process Of being
''liquidated." The real rebel leader,
according to Havana, is former
President Carlos Prio Socarras. In
exile in Miami. Fla.
Armed patrols with nervous
trigger fingers kept a close watch
on the streets Of Havana and
Santiago de Cuba-the latter city
a focal point for the red-and-
black colors Of Fidel Castro.
President Batista, vehemently
denying that he is a dictator. in
sists that he exercises only such
force as is necessary to subdue
Communists and unstable poll
tical Adventures"
But the participation Of mem
bers Of the Cuban armed forces
in the Cienfuegos explosion indi-
Gates a dangerous spreading of
organized revolt against the
Batista regime. In Washington.
State Department officials were
keeping a close watch on develop
lnents.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08
Arms Talk:
CIosedown

The London conference Of the
United Nations Subcommittee on
Disarmament dragged to q dis
pirited halt last week. The re-
suits: None. Progress: Undis-
cernible. Prognosis: Perhaps
further discussion in the United
Nations-after q long agenda Of
other matters are dealt with.
Early optimism, famed by both
Russian and American pronounce
ments, that q FIRST step" toward
arms control was almost a GER
tainty this year. faded fast after
United States Delegate Harold E.
Stassen was repeatedly "scolded"
BY Mr.. Dulles in mid-June for
going 1t alone in his talks with the
Russian delegate, Valerian A.
Zorin. At the time. 1t was widely
believed that the influences inside
the administration distrustful of
any arms agreement with the
Soviet had succeeded in trimming
Mr.. Stassen's sails.
From then on, negotiations pro-
ceeded at q snail's pace. But hope
was not abandoned. particularly
after the United States in 4 re-
versal Of previous policy, agreed
to consider q ban on nuclear test
ing for q two-year period. But
then the Russian attitude stiff
fened. Much Of the familiar in
transigeance Of the most frigid
days Of the cold war. the days Of
Molotov and Gromyko's monot-
onous ''nyets" to any Western
proposal. crept into Mr.. zorin,s
responses to Mr.. Stassen's offers.
An apparent reason for the
Soviet switch appeared as August
drew to . close. Moscow an
nounced that Soviet technology
had created and successfully fired
an intercontinental ballistic mis-
sile-the ICBM, called "the ulti-
mate weapon" by many military
leaders.
1t may be that to the Kremlin's
policymakers, this appeared to be
reason enough to kill the dis
armament talks. The advent of
the Russian ICBM, II operational
or nearly so. would mean a major
shift in the world balance of
power. In any case. a re-evalua-
ton Of strategy on both sides is
certain, and there seemed to be
general acceptance that now is
no time to talk about disarma-
ment.
The Russian possession Of a
missile with a range Of 5000 miles
could mean-supposing that the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08

United States is not near success
full development Of similar
missile-a radical change in tire
entire East-West relationship.
With that change would tnecessar-
ily come a readjustment in the
relations between the United
States and our free world allies.
Up to now. the Vests chief re-
lance in any defense against
Communist aggression has been
the mighty deterrent" power of
the United States Strategic Air
Command. with its string Of bases
all around the world. That de-
terrent still exists. of course. but
its position as guarantor Of
peace has been challenged. Nov
that the two protagonists seem
to be evenly matched" said the
London Economist editorialIy,
craftsmanship win be a game for
two to play, or for none"
At any rate, most observers have
crossed on their notebooks any
lingering possibility Of an inter-
national arms control agreement
in the foreseeable future. Instead,
they predict-oR the record, of
course-an intensification Of the
nuclear arms race.
The Eisenhower administration,
apparently undismayed by the
Soviet ICBM claims. intends to go.
ahead with scheduled reductions
in spending on missile develop
ment, as well as on many other
areas OF the military establish
ment. Mr.. Eisenower said on
Tuesday that 1T would be long
time" before the ICBM displaced
the manned bomber, observing at
the same time that the Moscow
reputation for veracity was not too
good.
But there were sources, highly
placed but unquotable, in the adj
ministration last week who would
give odds that the military SPEND
ing for the year ahead would be
very appreciably more than the
budget Of $38 billion. Some esti-
mates were as high as $42 or $40
billion, with the added amounts
going largely to the missile pro-
gram.
And there were some educated
guesses" that the storm-center Of
the missile program, the order Of
Defense Secretary awarding the
primary role to the Air Force,
might be quietly modified to per-
init continued Army work on long
range missiles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08
The Teunsters:
M0tterofE

The threat of expulsion or Sus-
pension from the AFL-CIO seemed
to be growing for the corruption-
racked Transfers Union as one
OF organized labor's unhappiest
Labor Day weeks passed into
history.
When Dave Beck, the diScredit-
ed outgoing president of the
Transfers, and James r. Hoffa.
the man most likely to succeed
him, presented their broadbrush
denials of corrupt influence
charges to the AFL-CIO Ethical
Practices Committee here on
Thursday, they, in effect, chal-
lenged the committee and the big
labor federation to do something
about it.
The tone of the AFL-CIO ap-
proach had been set Monday when
its president. George Meany, de-
clared:
I'VE can and we will expel from
our ranks organizations that are
found by public investigatory
bodies to be substantially infIu.
enced in the conduct Of their af-
fairs by corrupt elements or indi.
viduals.
$50 far as we are concerned,
there is no room in the labor
movement for those who betray
their trust. for those who EN-.
bezzle union funds for their per-
sonal enrichment. for those who
make common cause with gang
Sters and racketeers, for those
whose shameful misdeeds serve to
bring the entire trade union move-
ment into disrepute."
Both Beck and Hoffa, who are
under criminal indictment. have
been charged by the Senate Rack
cts Committee with one or more
of the malpractices mentioned by
Mr.. Meany.
In their statement to the
Continued on Page A-27
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08
Justice Studies

The Justice Department has
been feverishly studying possible
courses Of action in the case
while at the same time hoping
that the matter can be resolved
at the judicial level. Attorney
General Brownell and President
Eisenhower, who few back from
his Newport Or. H. vacation, con-
ferred at the White House for
As minutes yesterday. It was an
nounced later that they had dis
cussed the legal and military
powers which could be invoked by
the Federal Government II inte-
grafton continued to be thwarted
in Little Rock. No decision on any
future step was reached. however.
One of the possible courses Of
action by the Federal Government
most frequently mentioned would
be for Judge Davies to issue an
Injunction specifically enjoining
Gov. Faubus from interfering with
migration at Central High. II
the Governor, who has ordered
the Guard to return to the school
in force tomorrow. refuses to
comply. the United States attor-
ney could bring him to trial.
Justice Department officials
hope that such q step win not be
necessary. And they shudder at
the thought Of the more drastic
one Of using the threat Of military
force to establish indignation. Mr..
Eisenhower has stated his oppo-
sition to such a course several
times in the past. He was said
yesterday to be still against using
force.
Any severe measure against the
Governor. 1t is believed. might
make him a martyr to large sec
tons of the South and stiffen
resistance to migration in other
areas. On the other hand. the
Governors defiance of Federal
court orders could result in re-
newed efforts to pass stronger
civil rights legislation in Congress
next year.
Some decision may come from
Mr.. Eisenhower and Attorney
General Brownell early this week.
assuming that the FBI report due
to be made to Judge Davies to-