davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-03
BUDGET TrecdmiN

The built-in Illustrations Of econo-
mixers in these days Of big and costly
government are reflected in the mid
year review Of the fiscal 1858 budget. For
spending estimates placed at $71.S bill
lion last January have now been raised
to $72 billion--despite months Of de-
bate and action directed at lowering the
actual cash outlay in the current year.
Coupled with an estimate that revenues
will be down by 500 million from the
earlier calculations of $73.6 billion. the
projected budget surplus has now shrunk
to Sis billion.
The Illustrations are intensified,
paradoxically perhaps, because Of the
economy efforts made during the past
six months. On Capitol Hill, Congress
chopped appropriations by something in
the neighborhood Of S. billion. In the
executive branch, the administration
ordered great effort to curtail spending
and there were substantial reductions
announced in several departments. Per-
haps even stronger steps might have
been taken, but the fact remains that
some. at least, were taken. Nevertheless,
the total spending has gone up-not
down. Some valid explanations were
given in the budget review: Congress
failed to raise postal rates as requested,
farm price support spending ran higher
than calculated, interest costs rose
higher than expected on the national
debt, the British government decided
only recently to draw more than origi-
nally planned on its promised loan from
the Export-Import Bank, and defense
coSts-particularly on an item basis
continue to rise.
There is some comfort in the fact
that a surplus, rather than deficit,
seems assured. But the small margin OF
that surplus appears to rule out tax
cut in fiscal 1858, and the prospects for
relief in fiscal 1859 remain speculative
unless political expediency becomes
controlling. In addition, the Government
is moving dangerously close to the legal
debt limit of S275 billion. Treasury
spokesman express some confidence they
can stay under the limit until January.
Any estimate after that must await the
big revenue collections in the first quar-
ter Of 1858, but the fact remains that
there is "stone wall" Of resistance,
personified by Senator Byrd. to raising
the debt limit. Thus. second battle OF
the budget" istlrtually 9 certainty next
year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-03
On Defining Perfection

The Americans for Democratic Ac-
ton have publicized an "honor roll" Of
nine Senators and 80 Representatives,
based upon voting records in the recent
session Of Congress. Those who made
the list satisfied something called the
liberal quotient" on every one Of twelve
selected roll calls. In this case, Of course,
the definition Of liberal quotient" is the
ADA's own. There may be others who
would give the term an entirely different
deflnition--and' arrive thereby at an
entirely different list Of honor roll
legislators.
Presumably, those who satisfied the
ADA were voting in accord with their
own consciences and judgments and
there are no grounds to challenge them
on that basis. In turn, the ADA has the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-03
Racial Politics

1t would be blessing II some way
could be found to isolate the American
racial problem from vote grabbing poll
tics. But this, we suppose, is too much
to hope for. AS long as we have party
politics, the partisan politicians will be
bidding for votes, and II they can get
them they are not going to worry too
much about the consequences.
The latest contributions along this
line have come from Michigan's Republic
can Senator Potter and from former
President Truman. Mr.. Potter predicts
that Negroes will vote Republican in 1858
and 1860 because they are tired of seeing
Democrats ''clobber them over the head"
on civil rights issues. Mr.. Truman says
Little Rock will make votes for the
Democrats and that they will take the
whole country in 1868 and 1860.
1t does not matter greatly which, II
either, Of these gentlemen is right. What
does matter is that this competitive
partisan bidding for the Negro vote
will get worse before 1t gets better,
and, In the meantime, the prob
lem Of making the human adjustments
required by such things as school de-
segregation will be made vastly more
dificult.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-03

selves in our Southern States
in 32l AID. and the Pilgrim
Fathers were their direct
descendants.
Incidentally. about $500
BIC. Asia Minor troughly to-
days Turkey was inhabited
by the HAITI and the Luites
in the west. and by the Hur-
rians and the Mitanni in the
east. Not much is known Of
other Asianic or native races.
The Hittites came tprobably
from Europe about 1900
BIC. The Greeks appeared on
the western shores in the l4th
century BIC. The Armenians
were certainly in the land
associated with their name
In the 9Th century Be. and
more likely much earlier.
They were not Turkish Hit
titles. Actually the first Turk
ish clan arrived in Asia
Minor in the nth century
Of our era, while the coming
Of the Ottoman Turks tpres-
ent masters Of Asia Minor
dates from the early 18th
century. Thus there are errors
and anachronisms in Col.
Kephart's story. what /
have attempted here is to sub
stitute certain facts for his
erroneous assertions.
A A.. o. Sarkissian.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-03

On September %. Presi-
dent Eisenhower. speaking
before the World Bank and
Monetary Fund meeting, OBJ
served that the wage Of un
checked imitation is depres-
sion. He spoke Of the dam
ger Of nations putting q
continued overload on their
resources.
There are many people in
this country. including Pres
ident Eisenhower. it would
seem. who assume that our
resources can be over-taxed
with impunity for the sake
OF imagined social benefits.
II seems to me that Mr..
Eisenhower might well give
more thought to our infla-
ton and our cost of govern
ment, at least until we get
our cwn affairs in order. He
hasn't yet cleaned up the
mess" in Washington.
George E. StringfellOw.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-03

Determination is reflected
in the new school budget
about to wend its way
through the District Build
ing and on to Congress.
On one hand there is the
determination TO meet some
Of the most urgent construc-
ton needs with q Si2 million
capital outlay program for
1859.
On the other hand, there
is the strong determination
to raise the achievement lew
el Of d. c. public school pu-
pills. Smaller elementary
classes. additional teachers
for children with special
needs. increased staff for
the testing program. and
elementary supervisors are
q few Of the necessities for
improved pupil performance.
OF great Importance this
year are the requests for q
pSychiatric team and 100
counselors for elementary
schools, School systems in
comparably sized commune
ties are finding the work Of
such personnel invaluable in
helping TO reduce and elm
mate learning distractions.
Reckoning early with learn
ING difficulties and their many
causes prevents the develop
ment of more complicated
and severe problems so cost
" 70 the individual. his fam
ily. the school. and ulti.
mately the community. The
school boards firm effort
in behalf Of q steadily i'm
proving education system de.
serves the equally arm sup
port of Washington. D. c.,
citizens.
Closely related to school
needs are the programs for
mental health clinics and
public health nursing in the
Department Of Public Health.
Mental health clinics for
adults and children are woe
fully inadequate in this COM
munity. Public Health nurses
are essential to serve the ele-
mentary schools. the existing
clinics. and for home visits.
These Health Department re-
quests have been eliminated
from the 1859 budget and will
need strong public support II
they are to be reinstated.
The Commissioners budget
hearing october Z represents
the most effective opportu-
nifty for citizens to express
their views on meeting COM
munity needs.
Libby Dunn,
President. League Of Wom-
en- Voters Of the District
Of Columbia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-03
Explores the Post

Col. Kephart in a letter Of
fers his simple answer TO the
existing confusion on the ra-
cial composition of the in
habitants Of the Near East.
But his answer is not accept
able to the historian. the
philologist. or the archeolo-
gist. For instance he states
that 10000 years ago the re-
gion was populated wholly
by the homogeneous Medi-
terranean Aryan race" that
the "pre-Sumerian Of about
1900 BE-" we're the first
Turks in the region, and that
the Armenians were "Tur-
kish Hittites from West
ern Turkistan settled in Tlu-
key about $500 BE-" I offer
my understanding Of the SUBJ
ject as revealed by scholars
at the Oriental Institute Of
the University Of Chicago,
and in works Of other experts.
Our present-day knowledge
OF those days is not sufficient
to state categorically that
the inhabitants of the region
In question we're Aryans,
Semites. or a mixture OF the
two. Recent excavations at
Jericho do take us back some
1000 years. but the arche-
ologists who unearthed this
ancient culture did not at
tempt to ascertain the racial
origins Of the people Of Jeri-
cho. Our knowledge Of the
whole area, beyond the range
OF about 5000 years, is scanty
and limited. II is generally
believed that some time prior
TO that period there was a
constant movement of peo-
piles from Central Asia to
the West, but to say that the
pre-Sumerian Turks arrived
in the Near East in the year
1900 BIC. that In 1900 BIC.
the Sumerians came from
Turkistan, and that about
$500 BIC. the Turkish Hit
tites-Armenians" settled in
Turkey, is tantamount TO
saying that the aborigines of
North America crossed the
Bering Strait from Asia in
1925 BE-, established them
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-03
Mabel Z. Morris.

Three young sons Of mine
attend the excellent Chevy
Chase Elementary School.
One goes to second grade at
$50 and must cross the dead
" stream of traffic on Con-
necticut avenue at Raymond
street at $40 to 8:25.
/ drove this second-grader
to school one recent morning.
and when / came back by
the intersection at S:25 / OBJ
served two Montgomery po-
licemen in their warm car
watching a middle-agedOp pc
destrian stop the on-ruSh OF
cars to take a little girl-aA
unhappy one-from the east
to the west side. The young
patrol boys also watched this
irregular safety precaution.
informing me that they had
no authority to control traf-
flc on Connecticut. Sporadic
ally, the trafiic control at this
intersection is good: but a
sporadic death of one Of
thes1 children at this inter-
section what about that?
Wouldn't 1t be in order for
the school head and the po-
lice to sit down together for
a few minutes on this Situa-
ton? How about an inexpen-
sive compared to one DEATH
light which could be actuated
by either the patrol boys or
the other youngsters?
+. ID. RedingtOn.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-03
Offers Farm Plan

One Of the elaring incon-
sistencies on the American
scene during the past 10
years has been the Govern
ment's contention that infia-
ton Is an evil that should
be eliminated. while at the
same time billions were be-
ing spent under the farm
program to prevent the price
level Of farm products from
falling. The present tarm
program is wasteful to our
resources. 1t is also a double
edged sword cutting the tax
payer from two sides: You
have to pay taxes to enable
the Government to buy farm
products for storage. and
you have to pay higher
prices for food than you
would otherwise.
The following plan would
eliminate disadvantages of
the present farm support
program but still insure the
farmer against ruinously low
prices:
az The Governmen emit
should give notice s months
to one year In advance Of the
price levels 1t would guaran-
tee to farmers for certain
crops. (2) The Government
should not purchase any farm
products except as required
for the consumption of the
armed forces. etc, and these
would be purchased in the
open market at the going
price. 80 In the event the
price received by the farmer
was lower than the Govern
ment-guaranteed price. the
farmer would be reimbursed
for the difference. (D No
acreage allotments or pro-
duction quotas would be
placed in effect. None would
be required,
An important increase in
the national living standard
can be effected II the part of
the labor force and the
resources now used to pro-
duce farm products for Gov
eminent storage are cham
neled into the production Of
items for which there is a
consumer demand In the
market place,
Irving c. HOag, Jr.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-03
For Hunters

The Washington Humane
Society views with consider
able concern the advent of
the deer hunting season in
nearby States as heralded by
The Star Of September %.
This society's concern is
not with the animals which
are killed but the many
which are wounded and es-
cape to die a lingering and
painful death in the woods.
You quote an enthusiastic
member of a local bow hunt
ing club who expects to hunt
again in West Virginia. al
though he has yet to kill a
deer there. And ] quote this
hunter. II had four good
shots last year but missed
twice. the deer scampered
away on the other occasions"
The Washington Humane
Society hopes that all good
sportsmen. whether hunting
with guns or bow and arrows.
will aim carefully and
wherever possible pursue and
dispatch their prey as man
did when game was essential
to his subsistence.
Since these animals must
die in the name of sport, let's
afford them a quick and mer-
ciful death.
Mrs. Robert Watson.
President, Washington
Humane Society
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-03
Glass cIossrooms

Your paper recently re-
ported a decision by the
Montgomery County Board Of
Education TO insert large
windows in the inside walls
Of classrooms in an addition
to Wood Acres Elementary
School If the cost is not pro-
hibitive.
These would give children
a view INTO a center hallway
and into the classroom across
the hall" and eliminate q
'cooped-up' feeling" engen'
dered by sitting along inside
walls Of the classroom, The
windows would also prevent
'sterility" Of school archi-
lecture.
Again the opponents Of
the keep EN- happy phi
losophy emerge victorious
over those who believe
schools are places where
children should be educated.
Only two members Of the
board saw reason TO raise any
objections.
No wonder fewer and fewer
qualified teachers are avail
able throughout the Nation!
Many others might be will
ing TO teach II they did not
have to put UP with what
seems to be a subversive ef-
fort to prevent children from
acquiring a basic education
by diverting their attention
in as many ways as possible.
] know some who have given
up teaching because they
weren't permitted TO teach.
Are Montgomery County
parents willing to spend their
money for inside windows so
that their Johnnies can wave
or make faces ct friends
across the hall while teacher
is trying to explain the
arithmetic lesson or illustrate
the geography lesson on q
map?
Mabel Z. Morris.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-03
THE POLITICAL MILL
Dynomite IN q Kniqht-KnowIond Race
By GOULD LINCOLN

Senator william Know
lands announcement today
he will run for Governor Of
California heralds q terrific
Republican tntraparty strug-
gle, with many important
consequences likely.
Since Congress adjourned
August 30. the Republican
leader Of the Senate trav-
eled over his State to
view the situation" before
declaring his candidacy or
saying he would not run.
During this period he has
frequently been attacked by
Republican Governor Knight.
who is planning TO run for
denomination next year. II
Gov. Knight wished to dis
suade Senator Knowland
from making the race. he
could not have adopted q
worse strategy. No one scares
Bill Knowland.
Knowland's formal an
nouncement Of candidacy has
been expected ever since he
said many months ago he
would not stand for re-elec-
ton to the Senate. His speak
ing trip around the State.
now completed, was virtually
the opening Of his campaign.
And Gov. Knight was not
slow 10 accept the challenge.
Indeed, two issues on which
the Governor expects to 90
to the mat have been made
very clear. He will attack
the Senator because he,
Knowland, is the darling of
the old Taft wing Of the
Republican Party and has
opposed President Eisenhower,
whose devoted supporter Gov.
Knight processes to be. Gov.
Knight also will assail
Knowland as an enemy
Of organized labor because
the Senator has said he
would, if Governor. sign q
properly drawn" right-to-
work bill If the State Legisla-
ture wrote such a measure.
Defeat Might be Fatal"
Much hangs on Sena-
run. If Knowland is de-
run. II he runs and is de-
feated, either by knight. for
the guberhatorial nominal
ton. or by the expected DEM
ocratic nominee. Attorney
General Pat" Brown, in the
general election, the leading
hope Of the conservative Re-
publicans for the @. o. P.
presidential nomination in
1860 or 1864 will have taken
a terrific body blow from
which he might not be able
to recover. It could mean a
suicidal battle among Cali
fornia Republicans over
Knowland and knight. end
ing in the election of a DEM
ocratic Governor of Cali
fornia for the first time since
1888. In that year Gov. Gull
bert Olson. Democrat, was
elected. the first and only
Democratic Governor Of Cali
fornia since the beginning of
the Goth century.
A Knowland defeat could
mean a curtailment in the
already curtailed number Of
potential candidates for the
Republican presidential nom
ination. whether the Senator
is defeated for the nominal
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-03
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

Nobody seemed to know
exactly why the thrasher
showed up in the yard only
every week or so. but there
he was, as big as life and
twice as natural.
This is the big bird erro-
neoiIsly sometimes called the
big thrush, but he isn't a
thrush at all, being a men,
Der of the catbird and mock
ingbird tribe.
This means. of course, that
he is a good singer. but most
homeowners never hear him.
He was eating raisins in
the grass with q band Of
common sparrows.
He was at least three times
as long, and much larger
AROUND. and his colors were
brighter than theirs.
Mockingbird. catbird and
brown thrasher-
Where will you find a bet
ter trio?
Interest in our birds would
be worthwhile. If there were
none others: but when we
think Of the cardinal. blue
jay wren, titmouse. junco,
chickadee and all the rest.
We see there are treasures
apienty
The thrasher can sing,
make no mistake about it,
but probably in many cases
the listener thinks it a
mocker and dismisses the
matter.
The song is Of the same
type, but not as heavy on i'm
itation.
AS far as we know, it does
not sing at night. as the
mocker does.
49,
He was the last thrasher
Of the season.
Now comes cold weather,
and with IL the thoughts Of
some gardeners turn to bird
feeding.
Others have been putting
out food all summer. II is
a matter of choice. but some
homeowners seem to think
that those who feed the birds
in spring and summer are
doing them a disService.
Nothing could be further
from the truth. Added food.
piled upon natures own sup
ply. is Just that-added food.
1t simply means that the
birds have an easier time Of
it, what with young demand
ing huge quantities of things
to eat.
49,
Bird baby food must be
worms and insects. but added
supplies make II easier on
the parents.
II one has not fed the birds
In the hot weather. at least
a plentiful supply of water
should have been kept out
for them. especially in a
summer Of drought.
II one begins feeding now,
the thing to do is to put up
the feeding station at the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-03

ton or for actual election. A
defeat IN the primary by
Knight. and Knights SUBJ
sequent reelection as Cover
nor, could place Knight
really In q position to try for
a presidential nomination. II
Knight should be nominated
and then defeated BY Brown,
he and KnOwland both would
be out Of the presidential pic
ture. leaving the field 10 Vice
President Nixon. who today
seems TO be the front-runner
among Republicans for a
presidential nomination. And
If a Democrat should be
chosen Governor in 1858. the
situation would not be too
encouraging for Q Nixon pres-
iden tial nomination two
years later.
KnowIand . Vote Gettef
It is by no means sure,
however. that Knowland will
lose to Brown in the general
election, If both are nomi-
mated. Knowland has been a
great vote-getter. and the
last time he ran for the Sem
ate he won both Republican
and Democratic nominations
under the system Of cross
filing in vogue in California.
Knowland, it was charged
at that time, lacked labor
support. But a canvass Of
the vote showed he had re-
ceived many votes in strong
labor districts.
The Senator has given no
indication yet what he will
do If, as Governor in 1860,
he should be pressed by Re.
publicans all over the coun.
try to become a candidate for
the q. o. P. presidential
nomination. Gov. Knight has
charged that Knowland is
merely seeking the governor
ship to use 1t as a stepping
stone to win the presidential
nomination. To this Know
land has replied that when
he has run for ONCE it has
been with a firm intention
OF serving the term for which
he was elected. At present,
the Senator is a candidate
for Governor and nothing
else.
Gov. knight is relying
strongly on labor support in
a contest with Knowland in
next years primary election.
He was Endorsed by the AFL's
State Federation Of Labor
when he campaigned for
Governor in 1854. knight
has consistently promised he
would veto any legislation
any right-to-work bill-that
would prohibit union mem.
bership as q condition for
holding q job; in other
words, that would attack the
union shop. under which an
employe must become a
member Of the union within
a given time after his en-
ployment. Go labor has
gone for Democratic candi-
dates. The question is: How
many union labor voters
would go into the Republican
primary and help Knight de-
feat Knowland for the NOM
nation. and how many viii
prefer to vote only for
Brown?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-03

selected site. and let it get
weathered. so that the hui
man smell is Of it.
This old human smell is
distasteful to the wild things.
both those that 60 in fur and
those that live in feathers.
The best way to rid feeders
Of it is to put them out early,
so that wind and rain-we
hope-will wash it away.
One may wonder Just what
this human smell" is, after
all. Can it be just what We
might mean by it, or is it
something else to the wild
things?
Certainly it is part fear,
and part hesitation. They
have no cause to trust hu-
mainly after all these years.
This is q bad mark in HUI
manity's book. Despite the
efforts Of civilized men and
women. there always have
been too many Of the other
kind. They. with their traps
and their guns. have given US
all a bad name among all Of
Gods creatures.
80 -
Maybe the fact that many
put out food, and in other
ways try to help the wild
creatures. will speak well for
us all before the Judge.
A brush pile in the corner
Of the yard is attractive to
birds.
They do not have the same
idea of neatness which seems
10 aullct so many human
beings. The brush pile offers
them shelter in the cold. and
harborS insects and their
eggs.
Piles Of pulled-up annual
flowers offer some chance Of
finding seed and other bits
of food.
The too-clean yard. though
1t has its good points. is not
demanded by the wildlife
We still have with US in the
suburban areas and some
times in the city.
Special attention should be
given to providing water at
all times. and at least one
place in the yard where SPAR
rows and others can get q
dust bath.
This is best provided by
mulching the earth beneath
some shrub. then smoothing
1t over and letting it dry out.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-03
Questions and Answers
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE

@. Is the singular form
of the plural data" ever
uSed?-M. 2.
A. Datum" the singular
form Of this Latin word. is
now seldom used except in
formal writing. In this coun-
try the Latin plural data"
has come to be used as both
singular and plural, The use
Of data" as a singular is
now so commonplace that
occasionally the form "datas"
is used as a plural.