davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10

to let things drift The forces
of freedom have drifted in the
past in this area on these issues
with disastrous results.
q. You have already voiced your
approval of President Eisenhower's
Middle East program. How could
this program help in bringing sta
bility to the Middle East?
A. We have to await the final
form which this program will take.
I do not think it will depart con-
siderably from Mr.. Eisenhower's
initial proposals. The government
of Lebanon will. undoubtedly. CO.
operate with the United States
Government within the scope of
our own sovereignty and independ-
ence.
President Eisenhower himself in
corporated in his proposals the
most solemn assurances that the
United States will respect the in
dependence and sovereignty OF all
the countries Of the Middle East
and that it will impose nothing on
anybody. 1t is a program. as !
understand it. Of free cooperation
between equals. on the basis of
mutually OF interests.
q. DO you see any prospects for
the solution Of the Suez Canal
problem?
A. Yes. I see prospects for the
solution Of this problem. 1t seems
that the positions of Egypt and
the canal users are not as far apart
as people thought at first. l am
certain sustained good will on the
part OF both parties will bear fruit.
There are two basic issues involved,
the Interpretation OF the six prin-
ciples tsetting forth standards for
use Of the canal on which every
body agreed last October, and the
question Of the collection OF tolls.
Although both matters entail very
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
Labor Heorings:
Dirty Linen

Three years ago when there were
charges made on the floor of Con-
gress that there had been misman-
agement and fraud in the handling
OF welfare funds in some unions,
Transfers President Dave Beck was
quoted as saying Indignantly: I'll
cruelty anyone guilty Of racketeer-
ing"
Last week more Of the Teamster
Unions dirty linen much of 1t
soiled with the help of politicians
was aired before a select committee
of the United States Senate in
vestigating racketeering in labor
unions.
During the second week of the
hearings. the Investigators heard:
. That Teamster official in Port
land. Greg. conspired with a gam
bier to use inside" information
the official had gained as a repre-
sentative Of the city to rake in a
big profit on city recreation prof.
ect.
. That the same gambler had paid
$4,000 in eight months to union
racketeers. supposedly for permis-
sion ) operate and for the high
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
REVIEW OF THE WEEK
End Of a CHAPTER

Israeli farmers along the border
OF the GAIA Strip slung rifles over
their shoulders and looked to their
barbed wire fences last week. AS
they titled their acres they posted
their older children as lookouts.
Watch towers along the sandy
border, unnamed since the Israeli
invasion of Egypt last October.
were again occupied by marksmen.
At nightfall, batteries of search
lights swept arcs across the rough
terrain
Israeli troops were withdrawing
from the Strip and to the farmers
that meant the threat of the fed
ayeen had returned. These Egyp-
tian irregulars, by day indistin-
guishable among the Arab refugees
crowding the narrow Strip, at night
gathered in loosely organized bands
to sweep commando-style across
the border to burn a farmhouse
or attack an Israeli outpost.
Since the Israeli occupation of
the Strip early in November, the
fedayeen have vanished into the
refugee camps. But last week,
bowling to the demands of the U. N.
and world opinion, the Israeli
forces evacuated the Strip. Now,
the Jewish settlers near the border
fear the United Nations Emergency
Force units occupying the Strip will
be unable to prevent renewed fed
ayeen raids.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
The Flag Is Lowered

On Friday, the blue and white
flag of Israel had been lowered in
the Strip and at Sharm ell Sheikh,
on the Gulf Of Aqaba. All Egyptian
coastal batteries and Notifications
had been Systematically demolished
before the Israeli forces departed.
Into the unchanged barracks and
service buildings came UNEF troops
on their mission of keeping the
peace
In Cairo. Egypt's President Canal
Abdel NaSSer kept a close silence
on his immediate plans. But he
has made plain in the past that
he expects all UNEF troops to be
withdrawn when the Israeli &C.
cupiers have departed. If the U. N.
quits Sharm ell Sheikh. Egypt can
again bar the narrow Straits of
Tran to shipping headed for the
Israeli port Of Elath, at the head of
the gulf.
The decision to withdraw brought
parliamentary crisis for Israeli
Prime Minister David Ben Gurion.
which he beat off. On Wednesday,
the white-haired leader won a
Knesset vote Of confidence, "a to
IS.
The aged Prime Minister'S right-
wing foes. spurred by statements
made by American Secretary of
State Dulles on Tuesday that APP
peared to reverse his earlier stand
against Egyptian administration of
the GAIA Strip. had attempted TO
block the withdrawal. But the
coalition held together, however
unhappily, and Mr.. Ben-Gurion
assured the embittered lawmakers
that Israel reserved the right to
again use force If Egypt returned
to the Strip.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
Now, ImpIementotion

This week James P. Richards,
former South Carolina Representa-
tive who is now Mr.. Eisenhower's
special representative for Middle
East affairs with the rank of am
bassador. will head a big United
States delegation to the nations Of
that area. His task will be to ex-
plain the meaning of the doctrine
to the nations affected. Plenty of
them" have asked for such an ex-
PLANTATION. Mr. Richards declared.
In general. the meaning of the
Eisenhower program is seen to lie
in its fortnight notification to the
Soviet Union that the West, led by
the United States. will deny the
existence Of a power vacuum" in
the Middle East. The progressive
diminution of British and French
influence IN the region has appeared
to leave the still-emerging Arab in
dependent states without strong
and purposeful leadership Egypt,
strong contender for the role of
"liberator" of the Arab world, is
not believed anywhere near power
full enough to assert effective lead
ership among her neighbors.
The economic and military as
poets of the Presidents program
have not been spelled out, or even
outlined. Congressional critics
complained that the measure
handed to the White House a
blank check" disable without re-
strictionS. and with no indication
as to the proportions of aid funds
to be used for military and eco
nomic projects.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
Snog on Canal

Egypt announced on Thursday
that the Suez Canal would be re-
opened the next day to ships of 500
tons or smaller. But there was a
discouraging catch to the otherwise
cheering news: All ships using the
waterway must pay tolls directly 10
Egypt. The toll issue has been a
basic point Of controversy since Col.
NasSer's abrupt seizure of the canal
and its operating facilities last July
Last month the United States,
Britain. and France urged U. N.
Secretary General Dag Hammarsk-
jold to press Egypt to accept an
interim toll plan. whereby shipping
would pay tolls to an impartial
agency, such as the World Bank,
until the canal problem had been
settled. Mr.. Hammarskjold had re-
layed the suggestion to Cairo but
received no reply.
But yesterday Col. Nasser's infor-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
Where's the Water?

Most observers believe that Rep
resentative Martins goal of So bill
lion in reductions hasn't a chance.
and look at the proposed budget
would seem to bear this out. The
document has some soft spots. to
be sure. but SO billion cut could
hardly be accomplished without
some drastic revisions in domestic
or foreign policy or both.
Mr.. Eisenhower asked for $44
billion in foreign aid Isl $50. 000, 900
in economic assistance), likely
target Of the economy bloc in any
year. Last year he requested 81. $780,
100000 and it was cropped to
$1,000. 900. 900 by Congress. A sim
liar 81 billion cut this year would
no doubt be the largest single
reduction Of the $71.S billion pro-
posal. House Majority Leader John
w. Mccormack has predicted that
any major budget trimming will be
done on foreign aid.
Last week the Presidents Citi-
zens' Advisory Committee on Mu-
tual Security urged that Mr.. Essen
hover hold the line on spending
both at home and overseas. Yet 1t
said that I'VE should continue the
present collective security system
With its enormous costs to all con-.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10

cerned. There can be no relaxation"
1t added that the foreign aid pro-
gram would be essential "for some
years to come" And two days later
the Presidents International Devel-
opment Advisory Board, headed by
Eric Johnston, urged massive"
program of economic aid to under
developed nations.
There is growing pessimism
among advocates of a Federal aid
school construction program who
fear that time. plus the insistence
of Representative Powell of New
York for ban on aid to segregated
schools. will prevent the passage
of such bill again this year. This.
OF course, is not the kind of thrift
Mr. Eisenhower is talking about.
and if the bill is killed it will not
be for reasons of economy. But
its failure would tighten the budget
by $451 million.
The defense budget includes such
small but tempting items as a re-
quest for $9.2 million to build
power systems in the Army admin
istered Ryukyu Islands and an in
crease over last year of $9.4 million
for civil construction by the Corps
Of Engineers But nobody has yet
come forward with suggestions for
any substantial reductions in the
$685. billion defense allotments.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10

emerged from Congress was about
what Mr.. Eisenhower had requested
when he spoke to the lawmakers on
the subject last January S.
1t gives the President the ad-
vance approval of the Congress for
use of American troops in the Mid
die East when, in his Judgment,
overt Communist aggression justi-
fleS military measures. The victim
Of such aggression, however, must
first request armed assistance.
Despite a vigorous battle by sew
eral economy-minded Senators, the
President also won authority to
utilize 5000 million in already-ap
propriated funds for economic and
military aid to the nations of the
Middle East.
Mr.. Eisenhower, processing him.
self extremely gratified by the con-
gressional action, told his news con-
ference on Thursday: Il don't think
you could ask on such a subject for
very much greater majority" He
was referring TO the resolutions
Senate victory margin-72 to 10.
But in Congress there appeared
to be something of a ho-hum at
titude toward the effectiveness and
even the concept of the Eisenhower
doctrine. Ever since the PreSi-
dents January plea for approval of
the measure, lawmakers have felt
passage was certain. because few
wanted to go on record as opposing
the defense of the vital Middle East
against Communist expansion. But
the document was, at the same
time. held by MANY to be of little
real meaning except as a mani
feSto" of American intentions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
The Reaction

In the area affected directly by
the resolution, the Arab nations
continued TO be divided on their
attitude. Egypt. still jealousy hold
ing to her de tGcto leadership of
the Arab bloc, was openly cool TO
the Eisenhower plan. Syria. long
pro-Soviet in foreign policy orien-
tation. sneered at the program as
a new imperialism" designed to
replace the ousted influence of Brit
ain and France. Saudi Arabia
praised the proposal as a genuine
effort to protect the integrity of
the Middle East Lebanon, often
pro-Western. inoorSed the plan.
(See interview with Foreign Min
lister Malik on this page) Iraq,
also pro-Western and a party to
the Baghdad Pact. backed the pro-
posal as expected.
In the Communist world, the Ell
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
West GERMANY:
No NeutruIisn

Last week the Fore en- Minister
OF he German Federal Republic.
Heinrich Won Brentano, visited
Washington for a round of high
level conferences.
He talked with Mr.. Dulles and his
aides. and saw Mr.. Eisenhower for
a brief exchange of views. But, to
the public. the most important ex-
preston of his governments posi-
ton came in a speech to the Ma
tional Press Club. He told the news
men that any identification of his
fatherland must come about on
terms of "unbreakable alliance with
the free world"
In taking this fortnight stand
against neutralism, Mr.. Won Bron-
tano emphasized West German
Chancellor AdenauerS determina-
ton to keep the Bonn republic
tightly tied to the Western alliance.
And he also UNDERSIGNED the basic
disagreement between the Adenauer
coalition government and the Ger
mail oOSlol 1tiRiOAA utos leu w EIlCIl
Ollenhauer. himself a visitor here
last month.
Mr. Won Brentano's visit served
to point up the increasing import
ance of West Germany in the
power alignments of Western
Europe. (See Decisions 1857"
on page abb 1t also indicated
the seriousness with which the adj
ministration views the outcome Of
the coming September elections IN
Germany. when the Social Demo-
Gratis will campaign on a "reunifi-
cation" platform based on the
prospect OF general European
security system. A neutralist
Germany. at this juncture of world
affairs. would be a serious chal-
lenge indeed to the Vests defense
against Soviet expansion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10

delicate issues. I am sure what l
called sustained good will can face
and solve them.
q. Would you agree with the
thought that the United Nations
has come out stronger from the last
session of the General Assembly?
II so, why?
A. l would agree with this
thought because / believe every
body has come out bit chastened
from the events of the Middle East
and their consideration at the
United Nations. If the resolutions
of the United Nations are honestly
observed. then we have a better
chance for tranquility in the area
than we had before.
@. What. in your opinion. is the
future of the Asian African bloc of
nations at the United Nations and
how could It help in increasing the
prospects OF world peace?
A. The Asian-African bloc Of
nations at the u N. often does
very useful Job in that the more
moderate elements tend to restrain
and even educate the more ex-
IRENE ones. But there is a very
great danger of Asia and Africa
clubbing together against the rest
Of the world.
This is a most unhealthy devel-
opment because 1t promotes racial
ism and brings about a terrific
reaction on the part of the nom
Asian, non-African people. We
should develop themes and points
of interest which cut across all
racial and continental exclusivism.
This is one of the greatest chal-
lenges TO the United Nations and
the craftsmanship of the world.
@. What are the possibilities for
raising the standard of living in the
Middle East?
A. The wealth that is passing
into the Middle East can do
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10

ever, that these differences and
complications necessarily mean
war.
@. How do you think that COM
munism In the Middle East can
best be cOmbatted?
A. BY making sure that neither
Communist sympathizers take hold
Of governments or sensitive parts
in the country, by paying the
greatest attention to the intellec-
tual classes. by removing the Just
causes OF grievance against the
Western World. Then, by paying
much greater attention than be-
fore to the realm Of ideas and at
titudes. And. only in the third
place, by turning TO the whole
problem Of social and economic
justice.
1t never does anybody any good
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10

overhead involved in arranging for
protection" against arrest.
. A charge that $500 had been
passed by a gambler to a sheriff
backed by the union. The sheriff,
Terry Shrunk. now Mayor of Port
lana, denied this and the commit
tee. at the Mayors request. ar
ranged lie detector test. ION Fri
day TIE Secret Service announced
that an .arlier witness given a lie
detector 'est at his own request had
fiunked il The experts said the ma
chine Shove, that Nate Zusman,
Portland night club owner, was
lying when he denied he had any,
thing to do with call house" OPP
Grafton in Portland.)
Among the witnesses corrobo-
rating many of the charges of
shady doings between Portland
Transfers, politicians and under
world characters were several who
apparently had little to gain by
lying. These included man dying
of cancer and two Portland police
men, who gave testimony casting
a shadow over their own boss,
Mayor Shrunk.
While all this has been going on
Mr.. Beck has been in Europe. He has
said it would be impossible to in
terrupt the trip, since he was there
as an American delegate to the
meeting of the International Labor
Organization. But as of Monday.
Mr.. Beck could no longer blame
his devotion to public service for
keeping him away from Washing
ton. Labor Secretary Mitchell de-
cided to cancel Mr.. Beck's appoint
ment as delegate to the ITO meeting.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
A Plea for Thrift

Mr.. Eisenhower himself has in
vited Congress to trim where 1t
can, although he said last week
that he did not want to drop any
of the projects he has proposed.
He suggested that spending levels
might be reduced by an assiduous
practice of thrift in Government
agencies and the postponement
mot abandonment of projects
whenever possible.
The President told his news con-
ference Thursday that he has
ordered a careful review of the
budget throughout the Government
and said he hoped the study would
result in slackening Of spending.
News that the administration will
try to add about 100000 nondefense
workers to the Federal payroll irked
some members Of Congress last
week, including few in the Pres
ident's own party. The general
tenor of the complaints was that
such plans hardly looked like an
effort to reduce spending.
Mr.. Eisenhower's Treasury Sec
rotary. George Humphrey. told a
group of Detroit Republicans ear
lier in the week that he is confident
some substantial cuts can be made.
He said that while savings can be
realized by attacking waste. ex-
travagance and duplication. the
big reductions can come only as
result of revisions in spending pro-
grams.
But Mr.. Humphreys views did
not agree with opinions expressed
on Wednesday by Budget Director
Percival Brundage. He told a
House Appropriation Subcommittee
that there was scant hope for stable
reductions. He said that there was
little chance that the fiscal 1858
spending programs would be "less
than between $40 billion and $72
billion
The President or no one else in
his executive family who has sup
ported the current economy drive
has offered to put finger on any
specific places in the budget that
could stand cutting. So yesterday
the House Appropriations Commit
tee voted for resolution that
would ask the President to say
exactly what he thought could be
reduced in his admittedly reducible
budget.
The House got it's first chance to
enforce economy in Government
departments last month. and it
knocked 5000 million off of Mr..
Eisenhower's requests for the
Treasury. Post Office Department
and the Tax Court. But this sum
is hardly more than microscopic
when it is realized that, under the
proposed budget. Uncle Sam will
spend that much every ga hours
in the coming fiscal year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
THE NATIONAL SCENE
The Embatt|ed BudQet

Alfred M. Landon. the Kansas
Republican who tried to unseat
President Franklin D. Roosevelt in
1896, told campaign audiences that
year: II believe that a man can
be a liberal without being a SPEND
thrift" For 20 years Republicans
thus complained of what they re-
garded as extravagant improvidence
on the part of the Democrats. es-
pecially the one in the White House.
When Gen. Dwight D. Eisen-
hover campaigned for the presi-
dency in 1852 he promised to cut
back on Federal spending. For
while President Eisenhower was
notably successful in carrying out
that promise. He and his party in
Congress started out by trimming
some 50 billion of the Truman
farewell budget.
But it couldn't last. A rapidly
growing population, continued ex-
pensive security needs and an
expanded economy with it's new
demands on the Federal Treasury
made impossible any sustained
ceiling on Federal spending. The
inevitable came last January Is,
when Mr.. Eisenhower submitted
his spending proposals for fiscal
1858 to Congress. At $71.8 billion.
it was the largest peacetime budget
in history
The fact that one of their own
Is now occupying the residence at
1000 Pennsylvania avenue has not
lessened the vigilance of the Re-
publicans' traditional watch over
the Governments Golfers. With the
$71.8-billion budget. the old fears
have been renewed and some new
anXietieS have arisen. This time
the concern seems to run deep in
both parties.
The spending requests have
dampened the ardor that many
Republicans had felt for the Presi-
dent. Newspapers that supported
him all along have taken him to
task-some gently, others harshly.
Republican members of Congress.
perhaps not unaware of his clipped
last-term coattails. have shown less
reluctance to criticize (some have
compared him unfavorably to the
late President Roosevelt).
Last week. 80 party leaders that
comprise the powerful House Re-
mi
mously demanded a substantial
reduction" in the budget. Minority
Leader Joseph Martin, chairman Of
the group. defined substantial" as
about SO billion. Many Congress-
men in both parties report that the
mail from their constituents is
running unusually heavy. the added
weight being accounted for by re-
quests that spending be reduced.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-10
A MDAT VIEW
Dr.. MoIik Comments on Communism and the Doctrine
A MIDEAST VIEW

DR.. Charles Mdlik, the Foreign
Minister OF Lebanon. is nell
knoiCn in this country as a force
jul advocate OF the Arab position
on Middle East problems. Last
month. he came to the United
States for meetings NTH Prest-
dent Eisenhower and Secretary
OF State Dulles and to head ms
country's delegation to the
United Nations. The following
recorded interuiew Das obtained
last week at the Lebnnese EN-
bdssy IN Washington BY Ned
Martin, a free-ldnce iDriter spe-
ctdltzing In Middle East affairs.
@. What, in your opinion, are the
fundamental issues that stand In
the way Of a Impeachment be-
tween the Communist and demo-
cratic camps?
A. The issues are not economic
but political. intellectual and spir-
itual. Their conceptions of govern
ment and law are entirely different.
Thus, the law Of nature is either
explicitly or implicitly recognized in
the West, whereas such law is
consciously denied by communism.
Between these is the host Of
questions relating to man, history,
society. the economic process and
the nature Of matter and move
ment. Here again there are radical
differences Of outlook.
Finally, 1t is important that
Western society is grounded upon
a view Of God; whereas Communist
society expressly denies the Supreme
Being. Thus. the one society has
possibility Of humility before some
thing higher than It; the other
society has no such possibility. It
worships itself. It knows no tran
scendant Judge.
These differences seem TO compli-
cate considerably the problem OF
coexstence. do not believe. how