davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-24
S THE THING

Research Bureau says most of the
confusion about their work stems
from normal misunderstanding, !"
polite way of saying the critics
don't know what they're talking
about.
Obeying the Low
Everybody who tries to find out
what most people like by polling
few people is using the laws of
chance-the same statistical rules
which permit card sharps and
gamblers to take your money with
out actually stealing it.
These rules operate almost per-
fectlv when YOU flip penny. Flip
it zoo times and laws of chance
say you'll get close to 100 heads
and 100 tails.
To be more precise. statistical
tables say that in this instance the
chances are 10 to that you'll get
between Sc and ia heads. Flip
your penny a thousand times and
the chances are 10 to the varia-
ton from a $3.50 split will be no
greater than 80, that is, you will get
468 to 532 heads.
Statisticians call the l9-to-l ra-
tic the degree of assurance.
Pollsters refer to the same sta
tistical tables when you ask about
the validity of their findings.
For example. the American Re-
search Bureau gave the Burns and
Alien show of February rating
OF 25.5 indicating that 25.5 per
cent of all potential viewers watched
1t for at least five minutesl. An
ARB spokesman explained that
their rating is precise within 90
percentage points.
I'VE have trapped the truth be-
tween a rating of 23.3 and 27.7,"
he said. land the degree OF assur-
ance is 10 to l." Statistical tables
Of probability are used by insurance
companies for actuarial data, by
manufacturers for Spoilage rates,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-24

a half-million by the end of the
year.
Clarence Mitchell, director of the
groups Washington bureau, which
handles NAACP lobbying, says that
each new move of resistance against,
the NAACP results in sudden gain
in membership. Contributions pour
in, too. he says. following each pub
licized racial incident.
Some of the more widely known
white persons holding top Offices
are Norman Cousins. Oscar Ham
merstein II, Senator Wayne Morse,
ex-senator Herbert Lehman, Eric
Johnston, Walter Reuther and Mrs.
Eleanor Roosevelt. Its only salaried
members are those on the stats in
New York and Washington, the
heads of regional Offices. and execu-
: tive secretaries in some cities.
It's funds come from the 50 mem
bership dues, contributions and oc-
caSional fund drives. Its litigations
since the May, 1854. Supreme Court
decisions are expected ultimately
to cost at least half million dollars.
These cases number 81 to date. and
although practically all of them
have been in Southern OF border
States, they include also two in
California and one each in New
York. New Jersey and Ohio. =
Decisions Made locolIv
Although the NAACP seems to
follow different policies in different
areas, its officers say that there
is no general set of principles that
bring it to act militantly in some
States and to go slow in others.
A decision to bring a suit is left
up to the local branch, which can
depend on any necessary aid from
the national organization If the
national group feels that the local
branch has a valid case. Action in
Virginia by the NAACP, for in
stance. has more vitality than eff
forts in Mississippi, say the officials,
because the Virginia group is more
militant. Mr.. Mitchell says that
fear" is the chief deterrent to
more vigorous action by the NAACP
in Mississippi.
Mr.. Mitchell says that I'VE seek,
rather than demand" but added
that there will be no letup by us
in seeking constitutional rights due
the Negro"
Once the NAACP has won a case
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-24
An Instrument of Education

Yet the possibility remains Of using the u. N as an
instrument Of political education, to encourage new
behaviour patterns rather than to impose legal codes
AS long as fear Of war persists nations have at
least some incentive to restrain both themselves and
each other. And the real CUTS of the u NJ now and in
the foreseeable future is and will be not unenforce-
able code but the reciprocal pressures its members
exercise on each other. paper code, indeed, risks
discredt whenever it gets too far ahead of the
international behaviour that be expected in the
circumstances of the day.
The outstanding circumstances of our day are the
strength of Communist powers that have a vested
interest in other peoples troubles and the heady ma
tonasm of much of the Asan-African world
solid and enduring system for keeping the
peace must have organic basis 1t be created
in opposition to natural human forces but must seek
to harness them.
Thus, those who long for such a system must to
some extent resign themselves to merely holding the
line, with the u NJ in its present unhappy state
until the new nations come to recognize their own
interest in strong system for world peace
The ugly fact has to be faced that as long as
international institutions remain half built the effect
is liable to be lopsded. The maxim that the U. N.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-24

appropriated $3.50, 900 to help COM
bat the NAACP.
What is the NAACP, how did it
start. how has it grown and what
are its resources?
Inspired by Springfield Riots
Its formal organization grew out
of a conference sponsored in 1909
by SO prominent citizens, among
whom were Jane Addams, John
Dewey, William Lloyd Garrison. the
Rev. Charles H. Parkhurst, Lincoln
Steffens and Rabbi Stephen S. Wise.
The conference was inspired by
race riots in Springfield, ILL.,, Lin
coins hometown, in which many
Negroes were killed and several
thousand were driven from the city.
The organizations first efforts
were directed against lynching,
which claimed 80 lives in 1909.
Although it never has succeeded in
winning passage of Federal anti
lynching law, it maintains that the
intensive education campaign which
has accompanied its legislative eff
forts has been the vital factor in
virtually eliminating this crime.
The Powell Amendment. intro
duced last year and again this year
and aimed at denying Federal edu-
cation aid funds to racially Segre-
gated school systems, is generally
regarded as a new device to further
the cause of the integrationists.
But it is old stuff to the NAACP,
which has sought such a prohibi-
ton on Federal aid funds consis-
emily since 1928.
NAACP has 1900 branches in
As States, the District of Columbia
and Alaska. There are 80 state"
conferences that in turn are a part
of five regional conferences. Dues
are 81 year. More than half of
its members are in II Southern and
border States. Both the general
membership and the 80 members
of the national staff are inter-
racial. Whites among the general
membership are estimated at from
8 per cent to II per cent.
Its Membership Grows
There is evidence that the attacks
have strengthened the NAACP. Only
two years ago its membership was
just slightly over 100000: today it
claims about 100000 members and
its officials say they expect to reach
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-24

main emphasis has been on lead
ing the taxpayer by the hand by
keying the instruction manual, line
by line, to the form.
Mr. MCGUIRE has divided all
taxpayers into five major groups
those whose income is under SIS 900,
all in salary; business and profess
sional men, farmers those who
must, on the basis of past income,
file estimated returns; those who
earn over $4,000 annually or who,
because OF property holdings or
other income. should get the whole
income tax package. Thus each
taxpayer gets only the forms and
instructions he really needs. MI.
Mcclure hopes to group taxpayers
even more specifically in future
years.
This breaking down % the tax
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-24
BY JOSEPH B. BYRNES

If having specific target for
your comments is any help, here's
the lowdown on the man respon-
sible for those Federal income tax
forms you've been sweating over.
He's John Mcguire, head of the
Internal Revenue Services l0-man
Forms and Instructions Section.
A slightly built. intense man on
the threshold Of middle-age, he
is an ex-coal miner and former
IRIS agent. He lives in suburban
Maryland and his neighbors, even
those with tax problems, speak
well of him.
Mr.. Mcclure. in the five years
he has been in charge OF the tax
forms, has done many things TO
make Uncle Sans yearly claim
for support as painless as possible.
These have included simplifications
In the forms and the instruction
manual, keying the manual more
closely to the forms, improving
reliability through Typographical
changes and so on.
But now. he says, he's reached
the end Of the road. Under present
tax laws, simplification has gone
about as far as it can 90.
Had TO Find Room
Since 1854 there have been few
changes In the tax laws, and those
that have been made have con-
fronted Mr.. Mcclure and his staff
with the task of finding room for
the new material required. For
example, the 1854 changes revised
the handling OF income from divi-
dends gave retired elderly persons
special tax treatment and made
new provisions for working mothers.
heads Of families. sick people and
cthers-all of which called for
form and instruction space.
Changes in this years forms
over last years have been slight.
as yo6 may have noticed.V The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-24
By DAVID KOONCE

The Souths resistance to Federal
I court decisions against racial seq
i regation, which at first took the
n form of interposition resolutions.
. manifestoes and State legislative
Factions, has taken a new tack in
srecent months.
s Pro-segregationiSts now appear
Eto be directing the main force of
-s,their attack against the National
Association for the Advancement
of Colored People. whose lawyers
.have won 20 of the as race cases
the NAACP has carried to the SUI
preme Court.
It is a multi-pronged attack that
actually was begun spontaneously
and with little organization about
two years ago. At that time the
assault consisted of bitter denun-
citation, including charges of Com
munist domination, in the Southern
press, by Southern members of
Congress and by privately financed
organizations.
More recently. the assault has
Deen centered IN State courts and
State legislatures. For example:
Eight suits have been filed in
six States against the NAACP and
Its officers.
. Legislatures in three States have
enacted measures aimed at render
ing the organization ineffective.
. In Virginia, three Federal judges
soon will hear plea by the NAACP
challenging the authority of two
State legislative committees who
want the organization membership
lists and other data which the
NAACP has refused to divulge. Both
com t tees are studying the
NAACP'S role in the courts and
one OF them also is looking into
its taX-eXempt status. Only last
week United States Senator Harry
F. Byrd charged that the NAACP
is working with the Federal Gov
eminent in joint attempt to bring
Virginia to her knees first"
. Injunction restraining the
NAACP are in effect in Alabama
and Texas.
. In Alabama, the State Supreme
Court has upheld a 100000 con-
tempt of court fine against the
organization for refusing to pro-
duce some of it's records.
. The Mississippi Legislature has
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-24

and by sociologists for group be-
havior. The Census Bureau uses
them constantly.
When Is SompIe q SompIe?
But don't think just anybody
can stand on a street corner and
take reliable public opinion poll.
Says Morris Hansen, assistant
director for statistical standards
for the Bureau of the Census: "One
OF the commonest misconceptions
about this business is the idea that
a good sample is llaphazard sam
pie. It's anything but"
The confusion. he explains. stems
from the phrase random sample"
A random sample is what you get
when you flip pennies or select black
or white marbles out of a WE'LL
rotated drum. The laws of chance
work fine here.
But they don't work very we'll
with a willy-nilly selection of peo-
pie. People aren't thoroughly mixed.
kAtC SbdbAoNANldi
sample is one in which each unit
of the total population under study
has had an opportunity of being
selected in proportion to its pres
ence in the population.
If you keep this in mind. you
have a good basis for Judging the
meaningfulness of various polls you
hear about. The closer they come to
this theoretical ideal, the better.
Equal opportunity of selection is
much more important than the size
of the sample. And this is the key
to the contention that a carefully
selected sample OF a few hundred
or few thousand can accurately
establish the national pattern. Con-
versely, OF course. poorly selected
sample. no matter how large, is as
bad as no sample at all.
A classic demonstration OF this
was the colossal booboo committed
by the Literary Digest in 1896. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-24

should not be overstrained unfortunately implies that
the really ruthless evdoer will get away with it, while
the more scrupulous offender reluctantly needs the
general opinion"
1t is here that the operations of the u NJ in
its present form with horid ease work against
peace rather than for it; and it is to the Asian
African members that the warning needs to be most
clearly directed.
While the West must allow for their vibrant ma
tonalism they for their part must realize that the
most patient. elderly Western Nation apparently re-
signed to the loss of its place the sun and tolerant
of endless batting yet be nagged to the point of
madness. They can. if they wish, press on regard
less but they will thereby destroy the organic basis
of world peace and it is they, being weak who will
suffer most
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-24
Its Membership Grows

There is evidence that the attacks
have strengthened the NAACP. Only
two years ago its membership was
just slightly over 100000: today it
claims about 100000 members and
its officials say they expect to reach
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-24
The NAACP-Targe+ in the South

appropriated $25O,OOO to help COM
bat the NAACP.
What is the NAACP, how did it
start. how has it grown and what
are its resources?
The Sidney herald., 1957-10-17

Mr.. and Mrs. Matt Ziolkowsk!
returned home after a two months
vacation in Washington.
Mr. and Mrs. Pete P. Ruffatto
visited at the John Ruffatto home
Thursday evening.
Mrs. Pete P. Ruffatto visited
with Mrs. Wesin Sunday eve
ming after bringing her home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Leonard Smith
of Sidney and Mr.. and Mrs.
Henry Miller and Tommy of the
Miller community were callers
at the Alvin Fisher home Sunday.
Stephen and Raymond Schmitz
were business callers in Poplar
Saturday.
Al Schmitz and boys Joe and
Leroy took a load of wheat to
Sidney to have it cleaned.
Mr. and Mrs. Al Schmitz and
children visited at the Roy Fink
and Jimmy Vaira homes Sunday.
Seven young people and two
adults from the st. Bernard Cath
Ole church were confirmed at
the Bainville Catholic church
Tuesday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Foss and
children drove to Williston Tues
day. Harry flew the plane back
and Mrs. Foss brought the car
back.
Quinto Ruffatto took Mrs. Ruth
Ellwein to Sidney Sunday. She
has been working at the Ruffat-
to home.
Mrs. Elmer Foss came to the
Harry Foss home Monday. She
took little Kathy Foss home with
her to spend the day with the
grandparents.
MIR. and Mrs. Howard Smith
The Sidney herald., 1957-10-17

visiting at the John Reidle anc
at the Dave Mann home at Saw
age. Valerie recently had the
cast removed and is now learning
to walk all over again.
Mrs. Jerry Olson, has begun
teaching for the year at Busby,
Montana. Jerry is teaching al
Lame Deer, and she is driving
back and forth to her school,
while they make their home al
Lame Deer.
Mr.. and Mrs. P. w. Huff and
Robert johnson of Froid attended
the Open House Sunday for Mr..
and Mrs. Henry Wilson and also
visited with the Euffs' daughter
and family, Mr.. and Mrs. Ed Ochs
before returning home that eve
ming.
Esther Stubs returned to Dore
last week from a three weeks
vacation spent visiting her sisters
and their families in Oregon. Mrs.
Grace william had charge of the
Dore Postoffice while she was
away.
Louis Stepan Jr. and Henry
Paschke have been taking advan-
tage of the bow and arrow hunt
ing season for deer but to date
we have heard no report of their
luck.
The Sidney herald., 1957-10-17

trustees banquet at the Elks club
rooms in Sidney Saturday night
Julia attended the show while
her parents were at the banquet.
On the way home they stopped
at the Oris and Laverne Peter
sens wedding dance at the Andes
hall.
Mrs. Joe Schmitz, Mrs. Pete p.
Ruffatto, and Mrs. Al Schmitl
attended the st. Bernard Altar
Society at the George Fisher
home Wednesday.
MI. and Mrs. Joe Marottek and
son Ed of Gumbo Flats and Mrs.
Lefty Wesin were Sunday dinner
guests at the Pete P. Ruffatto
home.
Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Fisher, Joe
and Gloria were callers in Sid
ney Saturday.
Raymond Ruffatto, VIM. Fish
er, Stephen Schmidt and Pete P.
Ruffatto called at the Harry Foss
home Sunday morning to talk
about plans for a road to Gull
bertson passing the Foss farm.
In the evening they all went to
see Commissioner Donald Pentz.
Mrs. Lefty Wesin went to Sid
ney Friday evening with the AL
vim Fisher family. She spent the
week end at the HAIL Houglum
home in Sidney. Mr.. and Mrs.
VIM. Houglum and Diana, and
Mrs. HAIL Houglum brought her
as far as the Charlie Amestoy
home Sunday, where the Hong
lums we're dinner guests. She
went to the st. Bernard church
with Mr.. and Mrs. Barney Anne
stoy and then home with Mrs.
Pete P. Ruffatto.
The Sidney herald., 1957-10-17
$4,000 Veterans
Claims Since
WV II Reviewed
Administration

veterans Administration re
ported recently that as, 1894 com,
pensation and pension cases add.
ed to the rolls after World Wa,
II required adjustments in
claims review now under way.
VA said the figure involved 7.s
percent Of the 621, 900 cases re.
viewed to June 80. 1857.
Adjustments included 5,421 in
creases in monthly payments te
match a w~orsening in the de-
gree of disability, 1929 de-
creases in monthly payment tc
match an improvement in the de-
gree of disability, and 1884 ter
limitations in payments.
OF the 1884 examinations, 16.-
668 were ended primarily be-
cause of improvement in disabili-
ty to a level no longer j~ustifying
monetary awards, and 6,676 were
terminated after VA found "clear
and umistakable error" in asso-
ciating the disability with the
period of military service.
With a few exceptions, service
connection has been confirmed
IN the case of 1868 veterans
whose payments were stopped be-
cause of improvement in disabiI-
ity, and these veterans may be
returned to the compensation
rolls if their service-connected
ailments again become disabling,
VA said.
VA added that veterans have
the right to appeal to the VA
Board of Veterans Appeals if
they believe adverse changes
were not justified.
Started in 1854, the review
is designed to cover all cases
of World War II or peacetime
veterans under the age of SIS who
are receiving compensation for
servlce-connected disabilities and
all veterans under SIS who are re-
ceiving pensions for nonservice-
connected disabilities.
Approximately 1,716,000 cases
will be involved, VA said.
&
QUESTION OF THE WEEK:
Q.-Under the Survivor Bene-
fits Act, will the widow of a
deceased peacetime veteran re-
ceive less than the widow of a
war veteran? There is a differ
ence in payments under the old
death compensation program.
Arguments under the Survi-
vor Benefits Act will be the same
whether death occurred as a re-
suit of peacetime of wartime SER
vice. There is no payment differ
entail, as there is under the death
compensation program.
The Sidney herald., 1957-10-17
Charley Creek
BY Ruffatto School

Mr.. and Mrs. Quinto Ruffatto
and Mrs. Joe Schmitz and son
Stephen drove to Bainville to
the confirmation at the Catholic
church Tuesday night.
The Woman's Club met at the
home of Mrs. VIM. Fisher last
Thursday. Mrs. Ruth Ellwein
was a visitor.
The Altar Society of ST. Ber-
nard's church are busy prepar-
ing for their annual bazaar and
| dance at the Elmdale hall Oc-
tober 81. They have many beau
tiful items for sale.
Alvin Fisher attended the cat
tie judging meeting in Fairview
Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Alvin Fisher took
their children to Culbertson for
a dental check UP Wednesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Fisher
and boys Of the Armstrong COM
munity we're business callers at
the Raymond Ruffatto home Mon
day evening.
MIR. and Mrs. Oscar Labidee
went to Sidney Monday to have
sale bills made at the Sidney
Herald for their sale at the farm
October "a. We certainly hate to
lose the Labidees.
Mr.. and Mrs. Pete P. Ruffatto
were business callers in Poplar
Saturday.
Alvin Fisher hauled cattle for
John and Pete ]. Ruffatto to the
Sidney cattle ring Wednesday
morning.
Al Schmitz hauled cattle to
the cattle ring In Sidney We'd
nesday.
Mrs. Henry Miller and Tommy
of the Mona community were
early business callers at the VIM.
Fisher farm Friday.
MIR. and Mrs. Pete P. Ruffatto
attended the Fairview high school
The Sidney herald., 1957-10-17
THE SIDNEY HERALD AR
ThursdaY. Oct IL. 1857 ~

Jimmie Hanson while they were
riding.
The Horse Creek school board
met at the Nels Peterson home
Tuesday evening. After the meet
ing Mrs. Peterson served a nice
lunch.
Left Hanson and Nels Peterson
cut the weeds along the highway
for a few miles Wednesday. II
more people would do likewise
our roads would be in better con-
dition for winter driving.
Janice Kemmis and Vivian
Hanson have put in their first six
weeks at the Sidney high school.
Vivian is a freshman and Janice
is a sophmore. Mrs. Art Kemmis
has an apartment at Mrs. Arcade
Simard's where she and the
girls stay during the week.
MI. and Mrs. Ole Olson and
family bought the Jay Hoyt
ranch near Gossett. They have
been neighbors in the locality
for a few years and we will miss
them very much.
AISLE Peterson has been haul
ing grain to Sidney a couple of
days the last week.
Congratulations to Mr.. and
Mrs. Ershel Stickman on their
baby daughter born the 4th of
October.
Janice Kemmis attended the
Junior class play in Fairview
Friday evening.
Ten o'clock services were held
at the Highland church Sunday
with Rev. Halund of Arnegard
officiating.
The Sidney herald., 1957-10-17

and Honore went to Sidney Sum
day to help Mrs. Clara Smith,
mother of Howard, celebrate her
birthday. Mr.. and Mrs. Edward
Smith and children of Brockton
and Mrs. Harold Kappel and baby
Tana of Saco and Mrs. Smiths
other two children were there.
Mr.. and Mrs. Grin Patch and
jamie of the Miller community
were Sunday dinner guests at the
VIM. Salvhus home.
Mr. and Mrs. Alvin Fisher and
children, Mr.. and Mrs. Henry
Miller and Tommy called at the
VIM. Fisher home Sunday eve
ming.
The Sidney herald., 1957-10-17
Horse Creek
By Mrs. Left Hanson

Mrs Nels Peterson cared for
Tommy Wilder while his parents
were vacationing in the Black
Hills.
Vivian Hanson began reading
her senior year of confirma-
ton at the Pella church Satur-
day, Oct. S.
Sharon Sue Peterson, infant
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. AISLE
Peterson, was baptised at the
Highland church Sunday evening.
Rev. Humble of Arnegard held
the eight o'clock services. Spon-
sors and witnesses were Mr.. and
Mrs. Math Koch and Mr.. and
Mrs. Tod Wilder.
Mr.. and Mrs. Left Hanson and
Arnold Kristianson rounded up
some cows and calves Monday.
Mrs. Nels Peterson took care of
The Sidney herald., 1957-10-17
Yellowstone
Township
GOLDEN WEDDING
ANNIVERSARY WE'D
BY Mrs. Peter Heinle

Mr.. and Mrs. w. H. Wilson
we're honored Sunday at Open
House at the Presbyterian church
parlors on the occasion of their
50th wedding anniversary.
A beautiful TERED cake CEN
tered the serving table and was
decorated with yellow roses and
a golden mineral "50", and gold
en- leaves. The cake was cut and
served by Mrs. John Hardy. Mrs.
Paul Palaniuik and Mrs. Virgil
Willis presided at the table and
poured coffee. The table was COW
cred with a crocheted tablecloth