davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-02

to-air missilesl to prevent pho
Biography"
Normal Alert Presumed
on Saturday the Pentaecn
said It presumed" Admiral
Brown took normal alert pro-
eedures TO protect" his war
ships. The 9Th Fleet. perma-
nently based in the Mediter-
ranean. was participating in q
NATO exercise at the time.
Today's ttatement follows:
Admiral Brown alerted Ad-
miral DuerseIat 70 the presence
Of an unidentified aircraft APP
preaching his carrier task
force. No orders were given
70 crews Of Admiral DueSfeldts
command other than an alert.
The Navyxegulntions. which
are approved by the President
and the Secretary Of Defense.
very carefully prescribe when
. naval commander may in
woke the right Of self-preser-
vation. In part, Article O6l4
provides IS follows:
I'm no case shall force be
exercised In time Of peace
otherwise than as an applica-
ton Of the right Of self-pres-
ervation Il must be used
only as q last resort and then
only TO the extent which Is
absolutely necessary to &C.
complish the end required. II
can never be exercised with q
view to infiicting punishment
for acts already committed. "
Past Record Cited
The 9Th Fleet has been in
the Mediterranean for over 10
years now. During that time
there have been Q number Of
international crises. and the
situation has been tense most
Of the time. During that en-
tire period there has not been
one serious incident which has
arisen e. . result Of improper
use Of the right Of self-preser-
walton"
The stories on Saturday
quoted one carrier pilot as say
ing:
Il was prepared TO FIRE the
first shot in World War III"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-02

WALTZ. Nd and Florida drivers
ssEdsi MsI 70 sioS1 AiidsTcss az
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-02

ford. MiEh, Hish school. 1855; in
lliall 3. ": g; lost q the vicinity
70 and x. RsyaFd. RUTH CAMP
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-02

SMALL BAG. With chain, containing
vrlss sitsS: iost elmer q MAYA
turn. 81. 3-e4iS. MRS Hi0DoN
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-02

BHACELkI, cultured D1aFI, with GoId
and pearl charm: vic. lith and y.
81 and y. Z. ave-: reward IA.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-02

snil: We % sEh ~ ~ r, "a s,I PUNE n
oeorrsto.n. last rri. w. 1-s4es.
PUPPY. Light tan. and white. 10 vks
missing slnes ThuFIdsy: Ksnsiaston
area, CAL 10. 6-0831
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-02

lars We. Pert Dupont PARK Sc:
ne. Primes" 10. l-sa2i. RE-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-02

TALgARLs DoCvMLNTs. yrittsn @
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-02

9 ':'si sr. '; &c 81 Ss f s:ssss
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-02

car, beautiful. fray ana white. half
rsrsian. heh Anfors; altered male;
, 1957-08-05
CALL FOR BIDS

Sealed bids, in quadruple,
will be received at the De-
partment of Insular Affairs,
Division Of Procurement and
Supply, Christiansted, Saint
Croix, Virgin Islands, until
HOO A. M. Thursday August
IS, 1857, and then publicly
opened for the following:
2 GARBAGE DUMP
TRUCKS
The Government reserves
the right to reject any or all
bids, to waive any i~nformality
in bids and, unless otherwise
specified by the Government
or by the bidder, to accept
any item in the bid.
Copies of Invitation to Bid
may be obtained from the Di-
vision of Procurement and
S supply, Christiansted, st.
Croix, Virgin Islands.
Alphonso RomneY !
Clerk-in- Charge
Div. of Proc. & Supply
St. Croix, v. I.
, 1957-08-05


CHRISTIANSTEO THEATRE
THE HOUSEyOI . PICTURES
Tuesday, August 6 Triple Feature:
oUANTRELL RAIDERS & BELLE sTAR
HOLD BACK TOMORROW
Cleo Moore John Agar
Chapter 2 of DESERT AGENT
Wednesday. August Z GRAN CASINO Cn spanish)
Libertad Lamarque Jorge Negretc
Thursday, August g. THREE COINS IN THE IT.
CinemaScope & Technicolor
Clifton Webb Dorothy Mcclure Jean Peters
Louis Jordan Maggie Mcnamara
Saturday, August 10 BILLY THE KID VS.. GERONIMO
Bob Steele
PLUMBER OF THE SUN
Glen Ford Diana Lynn Patricia Medina
Chapter 3 of DESERT AGENT
Sunday, August II
PRINCE VALIANT Cinemascope & Technology
James Mason Janet Leigh Debra Paget Robert Wagner
Sterling Hayden = Victor McLaglen
, 1957-08-05
PUBLIC NOTICE

Pursuant to Municipal Coun
Gil Bill No, s, Ordinance for
the Conservation of Wildlife
in the Municipality of Saint
Croix, the 1857 Game Bird
Season is as follows:
Doves, from August 16, to
November 16, 1857.
Pigeons, from September l,
to November is, 1857,
No more than 8 birds may
be taken in any one day nor
more than Is in any week.
Violators of this Ordinance
will be punished under the
law. Hunting in posted areas
is strictly forbidden.
Leon A. Mawson
Commissioner of Public
Safety
G. A. Matthias
Assistant Commissioner
3-5
lob PRINTING
, 1957-08-05

New World Israelites not to tor-
get that they were a unique peo-
pie and must not lose their iden-
tity in an alien blood and culture.
The English treated the Indian
groups with whom they came IN
contact as sovereign foreign ma
tons. They bought land from
them, made treaties with them,
and fought wars with them. As
these groups declined in power,
they gradually lost their national
identity and independence and
we're taken individually, as sub
jects, unde rthe soveignty of the
English king.
AS more and more Indian lands.
were taken up the idea arose that
more efficient use of the land
through English-style agriculture
justified dispossession of the In
dams. The Indians were assumed
to gain their likelihood from hunt
ing and fishing, and We're more
and more considered savage and
barbarous. Such ideas were ne
cessary to justify dispossession OF
the remaining Indians of the con-
tinent now that land was not suf-
fieent for both races. Actually,
though the Indians did hunt and
fish, they provided themselves
with food, in most cases, princi-
pally through agriculture. Indeed,
they had taught the first settlers
at Jamestown and Plymouth how
to grow corn and other vegeta-
bles. Similarly, the idea of the
dignity and kindness of the In
dians, as reported by countless
early explorers and settlers, had
to be denied as a myth" the so
called myth of the noble saw
age" and the earlier evidence
dismissed.
The Qualifications for the dis
possession of the American Indian
were based on ideas of a higher
civilization, a higher religion, the
right to trade and communicate
with people throughout the world,
an dmore efficient use of land. All
of these arguments are questioned
today. What is a higher civiliza-
tom? Some modern historians
assert that the Indian civilizations
destroed by the Spanish were SUI
perior to that of the Spanish
themselves. What is true reli-
gion'? Some observers think that
the untutored Indians were bet
ter Christians than those who
destroyed them. Is there a natu-
raj right to trade? When this
argument was first presented to
the Chinese, it was laughed out
of court as a matter unworthy Of
such an exalted defense. What is
more efficient use of land"? The
Germans and the japanese at
tempted to apply this argument
against US during World War II.
What are the modern applications
of such an argument? We live in
, 1957-08-05
DIR. WAsHBURN !.

VI ~ "a ~
sidered a legitimate cause Of war
in Catholic doctrine. Juan Gines
de Sepulveda, a Spanish classical
scholar, argued that the Indians
were slaves "by nature" and that
Spain could force them into sub
lection without any qualms OF
conscience. Sepulveda was op-
posed by Bartolme de las Casas,
a Spanish planter turned priest,
who asserted that the Indians
were no less civilized than many
other great nations in history.
as Cases attempted to restrain
the brutal Destruction Of the In
dies, as he termed Spanish settle
ment in a book published for the
purpose, but to no avail. Despite
many noble attempts, he similar
iy failed to ensure that the gospel
would be offered to the Indians
by peaceful preaching rather
than by the sword. Las Casas fin
ally concluded that all the wars
Spain had conducted in the New
World were unjust. He spent the
last years of his life writing the
great Historic de las .Indias so
that, as he put it, if God ever
destroyed the Spanish nation
men would know why.
What of the English justifica-
tlons for expansion? The English
saw the difficulties and contra
dictions the Spanish had fallen
into in their attempt to justify
their conquests by the Papal do
nation, and by ideas of their re-
llgious and civil superiority. The
English concluded that t h e
would avoid the hypocrisy and
endless debate that marked the
Spanish discussions if they SIM
ply ignored the justification for
settlement and went on with the
settlement itself. In the English
literature, therefore, justifcatory
arguments a comparatively
rare. However, they do exist. The
pattern of justification usually
puts the English Puritan emf
grants in the role of Israel going
into the land of Canaan. OF
course, that leaves the role of
Canaanites or Amorites to the In
dians, and the history of the
English settlement shows that
this Biblical analogy is not far
fetched.
The English, however, felt that
they could occupy the land of the
New World without undue injus-
tice toward the Indians because
of the small numbers of natives
in the northern parts Of the hem
isphere. Frequently the argument
was used that there was enough
land for both English and In
dians, and that the English were
merely going to occupy vacant
lands. Hence there was no need
for complete dispossession or COM
plete amalgamation as occurred
In great measure in the more
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
Colonel Townsend
Receives Duty as
.Assistont Engineer

1t. Col. Clyde F. Townsend,
most recently the commander
of the 249th Engineer Battalion
in Germany, has been appoint
ed Assistant District Engineer
of the Washington Engineer
District.
Col. Townsend is a graduate
Of North Dakota AIM Col
lege. His other schooling in
clude Cornell University where
he obtained his master Of
science degree. and the Com
mand and General Staff School
at Fort Leavenworth, Kans.
An Army reservist for seven
years, he went on active duty
in January. 1912. His World
War II combat service included
the East Indies, New Guinea,
Leyte and Luzon. He holds the
Bronze Star Medal.
More recently he has seen
duty at the Engineer Center,
Fort Belvoir, and a three-year
European tour Of duty.
Col. Townsend is married
and has a 17-year-old son at
tending Montgomery Blair High
School. The family home is at
1913 Cedar street. Silver Spring.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
9. o. P. Decd in South,
Abdomen Declares

BIRMINGHAM, Ala. Oct. 8
lPl.-An Alabama woman Re-
publican leader says the use OF
Federal troops to enforce school
indignation in Little Rock has
killed the Republican Party in
the South.
Mrs. B. L. Nooiin. sr.. of
Gadsden. whose late husband
was Republican national COM
mitteeman for the State. re-
vealed contents of a letter to
Harold Breton. treasurer of the
Republican National Commit
tee. in which she made that
statement.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
Presto tent Denfes Rebuff
To Zhukov on u. S. Visit

while he said that apparently
Washington did not think the
time was ripe for serious new
conversations on disarmament,
he did indicate that the launch
ing Of the Soviet earth satellite
last week might produce q new
approach"
Interested in New Plan
Mr.. Khrushchev also showed
interest in what he called q
new proposal" which the
United States had made . to
increase cultural contacts in
discussions scheduled to begin
in a few weeks.
There is no DOUBT that the
Moscow government would well
come preliminary talks that
might lead to serious negotia-
tons at a higher level later
on" Mr.. Reston said.
The last top-level talks be-
tween the United States and
the Soviet Union were at
Geneva in July. 1855. Marshal
Zhukov attended those meet
ings. but in a secondary capac/
ity. The influence Of the mar
shall, with whom Gen. Eisen-
hover established a close re-
lationship in Germany imme-
diately after World War II, has
increased since the Geneva
conference.
Mr.. Reston said There is
now an evident attempt here
TO bring him into negotiations
with President Eisenhower"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
Continued FROM First Page

Continued From First Page
to high-level talks. reported
James Reston. chief OF the
Washington bureau Of the
Times. who Is visiting Moscow
The Same Answer
Every one here" Mr.. Reston
wrote. has the same answer
to complaints about United
States-Soviet differences in the
Middle East or Germany: High
level talks by Marshal Zhukov,
whose name and picture seem
TO be more and more prom
inent. or by Mr.. Khrushchev."
One .ofilcial asked whether
Presidential Assistant Sherman
Adams might accept an invita-
ton to Moscow.
Informed diplomats in Mos
COW believe that after the cur
rent U. N. assembly session
the Russians will try to set up
disarmament talks involving
Marshal zhukov. Mr.. Reston
reported.
Mr.. Khrushchev said that
the two major nations either
had TO fight things out or talk
them out" Mr.. Reston wrote.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
Navy to Send
I'd Balloon
To Film Sun

MINNEAPOLIS. oct. 9 P1.-
The Navy will send a second
balloon into the sky this month
to get a panoramic view Of the
suns surface. a Princeton
astronomer said today.
DR.. Martin Schwarzschild
who was delighted" over re-
suits Of a flight last month
said a huge plastic bag will
carry a telescope camera tc
bring back pictures of the sun
A precision aiming device
pointed the camera directly al
the center of the sun during
the September IS flight.
Pictures taken from the 3d.
000-foot altitude. above most
of the earth's atmosphere. were
the clearest and best defined
ever taken. he said.
The second fight. to bC
launched from Huron. S. Oak.
will be aimed at getting photo
graphs of the gas storms on the
surface Of the sun from varying
angles.
Target date for the launch
ing q October 90
Taxing part ID. the project
are the once of Naval Re-
search General Mills. Inc,
Minneapolis: Princeton Univer-
sity; Universify Of Colorado,
and the Perkins-Elm Corp,
Norwalk. Conn.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09


Some OF the points he made
were:
/. Following its launching. it
will pass over the northern
portion Of South America.
south Of the tip Of Africa. then
between southern India and
Australia. on to Southern Cali
tornia and back over Florida.
2. Tho first of the world 5
Minitrack stations expected to
make a true spotting is the
one at the Navy ElectronicS
Laboratory at San Diego. Calf.
That's the first one 1t will pass
over after 1t reaches its maxi
mum height and finally levels
of in outer space.
3. 1t may not "beep- beepH
like RusSia's Sputnik because
scientists may decide that a
steady sound would be easier to
track This could be changed.
however. before the satellite is
launched.
Solar Batteries
4. Solar batteries will power
1t for "at least three weeks.
5. The third-stage rocket
which will house the satellite
on its way up, will follow the
satellite around in the orbit
just as the Russian one did,
after it is elected,
s. It viii travel around the
earth about 300 miles up.
7. The l0S-meRacycle figure
as opposed to the lesser Russian
one. will be used because its
higher frequency will make fol
better and more accurate
tracking"
8. Among other things. the
American satellite will measure
air pressure. temperature and
the amount Of radiation from
the sun. and will provide in
formation on the concentration
Of meteors.
9. There is almost no limit
because Of the vastness OF outer
space. to the number of satel-
lites which could be launched
at one time. The chance that
they would strike one another
would be infinitely small.
Mr.. Habib indicated that the
task of cleaning information
from the Russian satellite has
been made extremely difficult
because We don't know spe-
officially what the Russians
themselves are trying to deter
nine"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09

country failed today when a
"moonwatch" team at Cam
bridge. Mass. was thwarted by
clouds.
Fourteen telescopes had been
manned atop the Harvard OBJ
servatory in hope Of photo
graphing the whirling object.
Rain and overcast blocked the
way when the satellite passed
over at $50 and S:0T am.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
BOMBER FORCE
ISN'T OBSOLETE,
PRESIDENT SAYS

President Eisenhower,
commenting today on Nj
kita Khrushchev's claim
that fighter and bomber
planes are outmoded be-
cause Of the spectacular
rocket and missile Develop
ments. said the American
Strategic Air Command
is not obsolete.
SAC is the heavy strik-
ing arm Of the Air Force.
while I believe 1t would
be dangerous to predict
what science is going to do
In the next 20 years." MIR.
Eisenhower said. Il think it
will be some time before
the old lis replaced by
something new"
The President said
changes in the defense
areas will come not by
revolution but by an evo-
luton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
Ingrid Bergman
Escorts Hindu

PARIS. Oct. 8 R.-Parisians
turned to stare today as Ingrid
Bergman showed a Hindu wom-
an around the town.
But it wasn't Sonali das
Gupta. allegedly a romantic in
tereSt of Roberto RoSsellini,
Miss Bergman's husband.
This is Nine. Lyla Oberoi.
whom my husband asked to
look me up" Ingrid explained
to photographers who snapped
her picture at luncheon at
Maxim's. Nine. Oberoi is the
daughter of an Indian nuclear
physicist and wants to get in
the movies"
Sonali is reported in Paris
for a meeting with Miss Berg
man. but has not been seen.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09

fred the target rocket straight
forward as he approached the
demonstration area.
The rocket. easily tracked by
its smoky tail. hurtled far In
advance Of the speeding Jet,
Then Mai. Simmons released
the Sidewinder-a simple and
relatively inexpensive Navy
developed weapon which has no
more electronic parts than an
ordinary. radio.
The Sidewlnder instantly
sensed the heat Of the target
and streaked after it. The
Sidewinder shot directly into
II. and a fiery explosion de-
stroyed both. Mai. Simmons.
meanwhile. had flown the Fl00
OF safely.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
EISENHOWER
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
now. in the wake of Soviet de-
velopments.
Asked whether William M
Holiday, the Pentagon's tor
missileman had received new
orders. the President replied
somewhat testify in the mega
tive and said that If Mr.. Hola-
day didn't know more about
the business than he did I'D
be foolish to have him"
$50 Billion a Year
Pointing out. as he often has
done in the past, that America s
missile programs already have
top priority, the President said
that the Government has been
spending $50 billion a year on
military research.
That's not any weak or
pusillanimous program" he as
serted.
NThe President emphasized
that the American satellite
program. which grew out Of
an international Geophysical
Year committee meeting in
Rome in October. 1854. has
always been regarded as q
purely scientific effort.
The aim of Operation VAN
guard. he said. was to produce
the maximum amount Of SCI
entific information for the
United States and the world
data on such things as tenn
peratures. ionization and resid-
ual air pressures at high alti-
tudes.
The project was sold to me
on this basis" the President
told newsmen.
Not Considered a Race
He soid that never one nickel
was asked for accelerating the
program-it was never consid-
cred a race on our part"
The satellite program has
cost about $40 million to date.
with the possibility Of further
expenditures. Mr.. Eisenhower
said.
According to the PRESIDENT,
most American Ienfists he has
talked with since the Sputnik I
was launched have told him
that they were pleased rather
than chagrined" at the Soviet
success. because It had been
proven that q man-Faade satel-
lite could be placed in an orbit.
Asked whether he thought
our satellite program should
have been given a greater pri-
ority. Mr.. Eisenhower replied:
If We were doing it for
science and not for security
which we were-I see no reason
why the scientists should come
in and urge top priority"
Service Rivalry Denied
The Navy has responsibility
for the rocketry involved in
launching Vanguard. The Ma
tional Science Foundation is
in charge of monitoring the
program.
When a questioner suggested
that interService rivalry might
have slowed the satellite pro-
gram, Mr.. Eisenhower replied
that a committee of top scien-
fists had reviewed the programs
of all the services and decided
that the Nays Viking
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09
Summit Park Unit
Elects Wolfqunq

John Wolfgang. 3743 Camden
street Sc. last night was
elected president Of the Sum-
init Park Citizens Association
Also elected to I'LL vacancies
we're John Fletcher, 27l3
Branch avenue Sc, first vice
president and Robert A. Ken
nedy. 1915 Bangor street Sc,
delegate to the Federation OF
Citizens Associations.
The meeting was held in the
Anne Beers School. Thirty
seventh street and Alabama
avenue Sc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09

A8AAQAC0s
The above became clear last
night when Edmond j. Habib
Of the Naval Research Labora-
tory told some 200 members
and guests of the American
Society Of Civil Engineers, at
a meeting at the Cosmos Club.
that word from Russia. which
said its satellite. when launched.
would be trackanle at 20O05
and 10000 megacycles. came
Just a few days before the
Russian sphere actually was
sent soaring into outer space.
Felt No Urgency
The reaction of American
scientists. at least those at
NRL. was to begin making
plans 10 perhaps convert our
tracking equipment adjusted
for tracing satellites much
farther away from the earth)
accordingly" Mr.. Habib. sec
ton head of NRL's Celebration
Section said.
But we didn't feel it was ur-
gent" he added. We were
caught of guard"
Chatting among themselves
after the meeting. several
members of the society ex-
pressed the opinion that il
appeared to them TO be odd
that the Russian announce
ment of the megacycles figures
did not alert" the American
scientists.
However" one Of them said,
"they couldn't have done much
about 1t"
They reasoned that Ameri-
can researchers should have
seen what was coming because
Of Russian reluctance in the
past TO announce any details
of their programs. particularly
regarding its satellite. until
they were ready and able to
follow through and offer proof
Of achievement.
Scientists here set the mega
cycle figure of the proposed
American satellite at l0S long
before the Russian launching
They also announced the
launching site and other per-
tinent details including its pro-
posed launching next spring.
Mr.. Habib. a graduate OF
Catholic University. reviewed
the phases of development OF
the American satellite and
most of the details regarding
its anticipated performance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09

crockett Offered the greatest
possibility"
He asserted that the decision
was a scientific determination
and that no politics or military
jockeying was involved.
Two Army generals charged
yesterday. in effect. that the
Navy had interfered with the
Army program and had thereby
prevented a successful launch
ing Of a satellite as long ago as
last spring.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-09


the tiny target, only 5 inches
IN diameter. moments after II
was launched.
One Defense Department SCI
enlist who helped develop the
CARS Sidewinder said in awe,
'"That's what we intended 1t to
debut I still can't believe it,
The colonel, who was mar
rating the demonstration for
the air proving ground COM
nnand, told the gathering:
IF. in your minds eye. the
target rocket may represent q
pursued enemy aircraft. then
this mission truly portrays a
tactical air-superiority combat
technique"
Mai. John M. Simmons OF
Gadsden. Ala. plotting the
North American Super Sabre,