davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-07

There was a stalemate. The Ruhr had to be
developed. The United States couldn't supply
Europe's coal needs Steel was necessary to develop
the Ruhr, but coal had first to be produced to make
steel. You could see there was no break In the
circle"
Gen. Marshall recalled how he had envisioned
q plan that would call for the western European
countries helping themselves while drawing assist
ance from this country.
He said he felt strongly that the actual plan
the European peoples themselves He gave strict
instructions to State Department personnel in
Europe that they were, under no circumstances, to
make suggestions for economic planning there.
The plan was not worked out with European
announced at Harvard 10 years ago.
And why was Harvard chosen as the stage
from which to unveil the plan? It all was matter
of timing.
Gen Marshall had thought seriously of deliv-
ering his Marshall Plan address at the University
of Wisconsin or at Amherst College. Both schools
had offered him an honorary degree.
He had wanted to take his plan into the Middle
West. He thought 1t would be a good idea to
announce the plan in a additionally iSolationiSt
section. But the Wisconsin graduation was sched-
uled for May %, and that was too early.
The Amherst exercises scheduled late in
June. and that was too late for the plan
The Harvard commencement was to be held
June S. The time right, a degree had been
offered and the stage set. Hope for the
Western World went out from Harvard.
Gen Marshall also recalled how the plan, as
outlined in his Harvard address, was prepared. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-07

address written with the assistance of Charles
e. Bohlen and George KEENAN, Of the State Depart
ment, with both working separately at first
1t was completed on the plane to Cambridge
and at the home of the president of Harvard.
BY this time. we we're walking through the
gardens and onto the lawn. Gen. Marshall walked
along occasionally attacking dock plant with the
end of his cane.
II hate those things" he said. But can't
get down after them like used TO-"
As we walked by the vegetable garden he told
Of the time he was out planting beets.
Il was tired and was lying on the ground be-
tween the rows had to leave home the next
morning, and wanted to get my beets planted.
Il looked up. and there was Mrs. Marshall
to be the head of some bank. kept on planting
beetS. and they walked on by.
Later. Mrs. Marshall told me the banker said
before he left that he wanted to meet me some
time. She told him, she said, that he had passed
me-that Gen. Marshall was the undiscovered man
lying out in the garden"
We were back in the house again. and the
general was talking again about that first ride to
town He remembered that had gone to school
at v. P. l.. and that he had told me of the v. p. l.
football player who had played against him when
he was on the " M 1. team
He was good" Gen. Marshall said. II remem-
Der the next year v. P. 1. was to play West Point,
and warned the coach up there to look out for
that man. He didn't pay any attention to me, and
Army got the pants beat on it."
We said good-by then and drove away with
the comfortable glow one gets from talking with a
great man.
The Nome nugget., 1957-01-18
By EDWIN B. HAsKINsoN

WASHINGTON, R-Sen. Rus sell O-G0 said yesterday he is looking into a proposed $1,209,- 100000 cut from last year in auth orizations for Air Force funds.
 Both he and Sen. Jackson D- Wash) said in interviews they are pleased with President Eisenhow- CTS budget proposals to increase actual spending by all three ser vices during. the year ending June 30, 1858. But both said they will question military officials closely. about budget plans.
 The budget Eisenhower sent to Congress yesterday proposes a $582 million increase, to $18,472,- 100000 in next years Air Force spending from both old and new appropriations. Authorization for
The Nome nugget., 1957-01-18
Democratic Senators Will Look Into Proposed Cut of Air Force Budget

new spending, at $16,481, ,00O, ,0n0, would be $1,2O9, 100000 below the amount Congress voted for the. current year.
 The Presidents message said. "the new obligational authority needed for the Air Force procure ment program for the fiscal year 1858 is less than it otherwise would have been because of. the additional appropriations for this purpose voted by the Congress last year"
 Gen. Nathan F. Twining, Air Force chief of staff, had testified last summer the Air Force, would need between $22 and $23 billion of new spending authority. He said in a speech in Goldsboro, N.C., Wednesday night that the new budget will not give his ser vice all it believes it should have. No budget ever does, he said.
 But he added that it twill en- able us to carry thru the next fiscal year with the minimum force that I consider necessary, without undue risk."
The Nome nugget., 1957-01-18
US. Organizing Atomic Age
 Military Units

WASHINGTON R-The United States is organizing something new in atomic age military units special missile equipped forces designed to back up formations of American and allied troops.
 One such unit--now called the Southern European Task Force" already is stationed in northern Italy. Pentagon officials said five others will be established.
 The six will be designated as Atomic Support Commands. They will average about 5000 men each.
 Military officials said the unit now in Italy is armed. with Cor poral and Honest John rockets. The new Redstone ballistic mis- sile, which has a 200-mile range, is to be added to the nuclear arm ament of these commands along with conventional weapons which would be used by armored infan- try elements.
 Later studies by the, Army and the Joint Chiefs of Staff will de- termine where the other five atomic support commands should be sent. Likely places include West Europe, the Far East and Alaska.
 Plans for formation of the Atomic Support Commands were disclosed in President Eisenhow- CTS budget message, sent to Con- gresS on Wednesday.
The Nome nugget., 1957-01-18
New Radar Device Will Aid Air Traffic Control With Color

BEVERLY HILLS, Calif., R- A radar device is being perfected that will aid air traffic control by showing landing airplanes in one color, planes taking off in sec ond collar, and planes at certain distance in third color.
 Charles B. Thornton, president of Litton Industries, an electronic research and production firm, said Wednesday he. had acquired the facilities of Chromatic Tele- vision Laboratories, Inc, in En- eryville, Calf. Chromatic devel- oped the color television tube in- vented by Nobel prizewinner Dr. Ernest O. Lawrence.
 Thornton said the radar device can be. used to identify hostile aircraft by showing enemy planes in one color and friendly planes in another.
The Nome nugget., 1957-01-18
Bogie's Friends Pay Respectful Farewell At Funeral Service

BEVERLY HILLS, Calif., RE Friends of Humphrey Bogart, the unconventional actor, were saying 50 long, Bogie," but in the con- ventional, respectful way at the funeral services yesterday.
 A brief service at All-Saints Episcopal Church was conducted by the Rev. Kermit Castellanos. associate rector.
 The eulogy was written and read by Bogart's friend and di- rector, John Huston. Cremation will follow, the ashes to be placed in a crypt at Forest lawn Memor- ial Park in nearby Glendale. Six of Bogie's close friends served as ushers at the church services. They are actor David Niven, director Nunnally John son, restaurateur Mike Romanoff, producer Leland Hayward, agent Irving Paul Lalar, and yachtsman Larry Dudley.
The Nome nugget., 1957-01-18
Hungary Faces
 Severe Shortage Of Food by July

UNITED NATIONS, NY, R- JUN. observers reported today that revolt-torn Hungary faces a severe food shortage and 12 per cent unemployment by mid-year,
 The four-man mission visited Budapest Jan. 4-7 to look into relief needs as result of the rebellion against Soviet domina- ton.
 The group said that to slave off the food shortage Hungary needs 440,o00 tons of various foods; 14,- 500 tons of seed, and 1O,150 tons of chemical fertilizer.
 The food items included 100000 tons of wheat, 10000 tons of sug- ar, 10000 tons each of lard and tallow, and 5000 tons of lemons.
 The observers approved a sug- gestion from the international committee of the Red Cross, which has been distributing LIN. relief goods in Hungary, that Hungary be given needed foods and farm supplies but that they in turn be sold to the Hungarian people thru normal economic channels and at 'sthe basic aver age world prices"
 The mission confined itself en- tirely to Hungary's economic sit uation and relief needs. The Hun garian government still refuses to admit JUN. political observers.
The Nome nugget., 1957-01-18
League Protests Letting Royal Kids See 'Beastly Pastime' of Fox Hunting

NOON, R-The League Against Cruel Sports today scold- ed Queen Elizabeth II for per hitting her children to watch the ssbeastly, loathsome pastime" of fox hunting.
 A resolution passed unanimous ly by the leagues executive com mittee said Prince Charles, g., and Princess Anne, 6, were being taught to believe fox hunting was decent, civilized form of enter tainment."
 Charles and Anne attended the start of the West Norfolk hunt yesterday at Harpley, near Sand ringham, the royal family's coun- try residence where they have been spending an exte end q Christmas holiday.
The Nome nugget., 1957-01-18
Perfect Attendance At Nome School
Grade Mrs. Coons

Grade Mrs. Coons
 Emma, Attatayuk, Ruth Ann Dexter, David Hungerford, Larry Iyaktunguk, Edwin Katongan, Catherine Keelicll, Irene Oman.
 Grade 2-Mrs. Lanerhus
 Norma Buffas, Starvos Buffus, John Greene, Paul Green, Charles Kunnuk, Harvey Miller, Jimmy Nershak, Lawrence O'Corlnor, Ellen Oksoktarulx, Kathleen Ol- son, Silverio Ruiz, Raymond Scott, Richard Scott, Albert Tea youmeak, Levi Tetpon.
 Grade 2-Mrs. Gillis
 Rosie Atuk, Bert CoIpock, Douglas Doyle, Nancy Gray, Wal ter Peterson, Jane Tucker, Carrie Ann Ullrich, Elizabeth Walsh, Donnie Young.
 Grade 2-Mrs. Olsen
 Patrick Adams, Michael Blatch- ford, Joe Dexter, Agnes Payenna,- Mike Thompson, Myra Takuk, Donnie Wall, Russell WaIuk, Tommy Walluk, Teresa Walsh.
 Of this group Teresa Walsh and Mike Thompson have perfect attendance for the first semester. Grade 3-Mrs. Walsh
 Robert Carpenter, Jean Foster, Lloyd Hardy William Hoogen- dorn, Mary Hoyle, Dolly Konaak- hulk, Wayne Locke, Nancy Mogg, Jackie Morris, Lorraine Silook, Hannah Teayoumeak, Alice Colo doff, Robert Thomas. Grade 4-Mrs. Samue.ls
 Johnny Amundsen, Rosemary Barber, Joel Craft, Peter Dexter, Joseph Eningowurk, Kay McIver, Oliver Oittillian, Walter Simon Jr.
 High School
 Valerie Adams, Mary Ander- sen, Ray Arnold, David Barber, Peter Barber, Angelo Buffas, Fritz Chambers, Charles P. Eager strom, Paul Glavinovich, Allen Jack, Harry Johnsen, Vivian. Lar sen, Patricia Maloney, Janet Mul- Ter, Floyd Nagozruk, Joseph Se- nungetuk, Starley Senungetuk, Sally Stettinger, Earl ToWner, Barbara Trigg, and Gerald 'Trigg
The Nome nugget., 1957-01-18
MUST HAVE THOUGHT HIS CAR WAS A MULE

PHILADELPHIA, R-Firemen had no trouble discovering the cause of the blaze they put out in burning automobile here.
 The owner of the car told them it had frozen up on him Wednes- day in 13-degree weather. So he built a bonfire under the machine to thaw it out.
The Nome nugget., 1957-01-18
High School Honor Roll

Following are the students on the honor roll at Nome High School for the third six weeks period:
 Ray Arnold, Peter Barber, Sadie Bell Rodney Boucher, Vir- ginia Doyle, Paul Glavinovich, Harry Johnsen, Diane Lee, and Barbara Trigg.
The Nome nugget., 1957-01-18

SUBSCRIBE FOR THE NUGGET
Kodiak mirror., 1957-11-16
Anna May Benson Freshman at D of A

The daughter of the creator of Alaska's flag is attending the Uni versity of Alaska this semester as a business administration fresh man.
 She is Anna May Benson who's father, John Ben (Benny) Benson, is living in Kodiak.
 The Territorial Legislature se- lected the official flag of Alaska in 1926 from 142 designes submitted by Alaskan school children. Gov. :. Parks originated the contest which the American Legion sponsored in cooperation with the commissioner of education.
 Benson's design was chosen for its simplicity, originality and sym bolism of Alaska's attributes. His original design now is in the Ter ritorial Museum in Juneau.
Kodiak mirror., 1957-11-16
NOTICE

The new telephone number fol Marion T. Howe is 2622. tfr
Kodiak mirror., 1957-11-16

Rehearsals for the Messiah every Thursday from 7-9 at the High School.
Kodiak mirror., 1957-11-16
NOTICE

The Monemarege Inn open Sunday afternoons. Family dinners will be
Kodiak mirror., 1957-11-16
N<z{E

NOTICE VII be rHE TEa. .EPHONE NUMRKa Special or FRED COPSEY HAS REIN served. CHANGED TO SO53. tzn
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06
u. S. Scientist at Arsenal
Gives View on Satellite

HUNTSVILLE. Ala. oct. 8
@.-The Army ballistic mis-
sile agency at Redstone arsenal
here today gave the views Of
one Of It's research scientists
on the Soviet Unions artificial
satellite.
He believes It to be q three
stage assembly employing the
thrust booster Of the Soviet
intermediate range ballistic
/ 500 : mile missile, the W.
booster and the Wasserfall, q
German-designed anti-aircraft
rocket.
H. H. Koelle, chief Of pre-
liminary design at the agency,
includes the estimate Of the
Russian satellite in q paper
he had prepared for delivery
next week at Barcelona, Spain.
A statement from the agency
said:
"Koelle's views are con-
tanned in a technical paper he
win present next week TO
the international Astronomical
Congress in Barcelona.
"Koelle believes the Russians
employed the 264, 000-pound
thrust booster Of their inter-
mediate range ballistic. missile
as the first stage Of q three
stage orbital carrier. The Sec
ond stage, he assumed, was
the improved w missile OF
1900 pounds thrust. For the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06

States every ~ hours-it might
pass over. say. Philadelphia.
An hour and q half later on
its next time around Il would
pass over st. Louis: the next
time over Las Vegas. New: the
next time somewhere out over
the Pacific.
The satellite should make 80
passes q day over the equator
la on one side Of the globe
and 10 on the other.
Since the United States con-
stitutes about lDne-slxth Of the
circumference Of the earth.
that means seven passes over
the United States territory
every ~ hours.
The North-to-South orbit. Of
course. means that in Q given
passage Of the satellite, the di-
rection & North South for one
side Of the world and South
North for the other side.
And. because Of the earth's
rotation. for Q given area Of
the earth there would be q
switch from Q North-South
transit to Q South-North one
approximately every u hours.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06

Russia was 80 pleased over
its success It informed the
rest Of the world about the
feat before its own citizens.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06

the ui1piacement y % degrees
from the plane Of the equator.
II you take . piece Of paper
and draw q representation Of
the earth on Il and draw . line
from . point IS degrees 70 the
right Of the North Pole and IS
degrees to the left Of the South
Pole. the line win Be approx
mately the pathway Of the
orbit.
But the earth Is rotating In
10 west-to-east direction at
1000 miles an hour while the
path Of the satellite In space
remains essentially constant.
This means that every time
the satellite makes q pass
around the globe there Is q
displacement westward with
respect 10 . given point on
the earth.
At the latitude Of the United
States that means q displace-
ment Of roughly I.200 miles
each time.
Thus on . given time around
and the satellite viii make
seven passes over the United
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06
Story at q Glance
On Soviet Satellite

acycles gwave lengths Of is
and rs meters. respectively.
$50 -
Plans for the United States
earth satellite called for Il
70 contain instruments which
would relay By radio vari-
Gus scientific facts on space.
Whether the Soviet satel-
lite y doing 50 was not made
clear but II apparently Il
not performing such q func-
ton.
The Russians can their
device ''sputnlk" -nneaning
earth satellite.
4 80
It's life span Is anybOdy's
guess. Russian scientists hope
II viii keep 70 It's orbit 81
least two weeks. An Amer.
lean expert says II might re-
main IN the sky - thousand
or . million years"
-
II IL loses speed and drops
into the denser atmosphere
near the earth, friction will
destroy It much like q meteor.
Russia says It has several
more satellites, larger and
heavier. which Il proposes to
send up during the Interna-
tlonal 0eophyslcal Year now
In progress. Il indicated
these would carry scientific
instruments.
49,
The White House and
American scientists hailed
the Russian step as q great
scientific achievement, but
some American scientists ac-
cused Russia Of dispatching
It in an orbit which would
make American study Of the
device the most difncult.
- -
Russia was 90 pleased over
its success It informed the
rest Of the world about the
feat before its own citizens.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06

third stage, he believes they
used an improved German anti
aircraft rocket, the Wasserfall,
which develops 10000 pounds
thrust.
"A three-stage coniiguration
using these propulsion systems
would place in orbit q satellite
at least 10 times heavier than
that planned. for the United
States launching In connection
with the international Geo.
physical year."
An agency spokesman added
that "our satellite capabilities
are well known"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06

but this must be under pre-
eisely the right conditions. It
should be Is bright as from
two 10 nine ordinary stars.
Timing must be quite precise
II there are 70 be observations.
A record Of the sounds de-
tected BY the telemetering ap-
paratus In the United States,
obtained Friday night By the
Naval Research Laboratory.
was played for the benefit Of the
delegates BY DR.. John p. Hagen
Of the Naval Research LAbora.
tory. who has been in charge
Of planning Of the United
States launching apparatus.
They come through clear and
loud. but with unmistakable
differences. which puzzle the
Naval Research Laboratory
scientists.
Rocketing Advances
The greatness Of the Rus
sian accomplishment, Dr.. Ha-
gen said afterwards. Is that It
demonstrates for the first time
that the art Of rocketry has adj
vanced to the point where
launching Of such q satellite
Is possible. Hitherto this posi-.
bility has been largely theoreti-
cal, with q cound basis but
no assurance that unforeseen
bugs" might not under the
whole effort futile.
Basis Of the Russian rocket,
Il was speculated, are military
missiles Of some sort. The
American effort has been con-
centrated on missiles with no
military significance.
Thus far It Is possible to esti-
mate only the life Of the bat
teries. responsible Cor much Of
the additional weight. he said.
The weight Of almost 10 times
that Of the proposed American
satellites may actually extend
the time the satellite remains
in its orbit. he said.
The Russian satellite pro-
gram apparently covers about
the same ground as the Amer
lean. but with other detectives
quite likely to be arrived at
later by both countries.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06

should be made available TO
his countrymen.
OF particular significance 10
Dr.. Blagonarov apparently was
the fact that the Launching
took place shortly after an
anniversary lately celebrated
al over the Soviet Union Of
the birth Of Dr.. Konstantin
Tsiolkovsky. who early In the
18th century was one q the
first to predict that space travel
was . possibility.
AZ that time there were
scientific conferences all over
Russia and. It was promised.
all the papers presented win
be made available Is an addi-
ton to the report Of the present
conference.
sOnIy First Step" :
This satellite" he said. "will
not give all the answers. It Is
only the first forward step.
More complex satellites with
other instruments will be
launched later. once we have
established the possibilities Of
getting them into the correct
orbits"
The lifetime Of the present
satellite, he said. Is quite un-
certain. but II Is hoped that It
win continue circling the
earth for ct least two weeks.
The power supply provided win
last at least that long. Every
"a hours II should cross some
part Of the United States at
least seven times. The Rus
slams urged that all United
States observational facilities
be made available to them.
our greatest hope" he said,
is that this viii serve as an
inspiration to scientists
throughout the world"
Whether the Russian satel-
lite viii be observable TO the
naked eye. or even with fair
sized binoculars. remains a
moot question. At its brightest
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06


This Il the satellite story
n brief:
Using muitiple-stage rock
cts, the Russians sent e
zooming up 70 its earth-cir-
cling path sometime Friday
from q secret site believed
by American scientists 70 be
somewhere north Of the Cas-
plan Sea"
-
II Is round, polished. about
22.o35 inches In diameter
slightly under two feet) and
weighs about io4.3Oo pounds.
Thus II Is slightly larger and
about nine times Is heavy as
one now being readied BY the
United States.
hHn
-Four radio antennae pro.
ject from II. Inside. Russians
say. there Is nothing but ra-
do equipment and devices to
supply radio power.
49,
The satellite Is whizzinR
around the earth at . speed
Of $4,000 miles an hour
making q complete circuit IN
hour. SO minutes and 2 Sec
Ondsat an altitude Of $50
miles. II il reported travel
ing in q north-to-south a.
rection at an angle Of IS de-
erees to the equator.
At times Il scars over the
United States. but questions
have arisen as 10 whether It
has been. or win be, seen BY
the unaided eye. Prospects
are best for early morning
or late evening. A Japanese
astronomer reported spotting
It briefly through . telescope.
-
Its radio equipment trans
mits "beep" signals every
three seconds. These have
been picked up In many
places BY professional short
wave radio equipment and
some amateur instruments.
Reception Is limited to the
time required for the satellite
70 pass from horizon to hOri-
z0n.
hA4
The satellite radio trans
mission Is on the freQuen-
cies Of 20.005 and 10000 meg
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06


moon is performing. at least on
q preliminary basis. four or
five functions. mostly directed
to the success Of future sateI-
lites.
It IS quite possible. said DR..
y. w. Townsend Of the NRL
stan. that there are instru.
ments aboard capable Of meas
uring and telemetering to earth
the density Of the atmosphere,
the impact Of cosmic rays and
meteorites, the heat to which
the internal instruments are
subjected and the heat Of the
shell caused BY the extremely
small friction.
Code Not Revealed
Ignorance Of the code used.
however, prevents much fur
ther Interpretation. Russians
nave agreed, however, to fur
nish the complete telemetering
code.
For some time. DR.. Hlagona-
row said. Russian scientists had
essentially finished their Job.
Since then 1t has been up 70
the engineers at the rocket
launching site. When his dele
cation left Russia, he said,
there was q general idea that
the Soviet Union would beat
the rest Of the world but there
was no idea the triumph would
come so quickly. A major hope.
he said. Is that all United
States facilities for detection
and INTERPRETATION If eionals
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06
Freeman Commundey
To Convene October IA

John w. Freeman Grand
Commandery Of Knights Tenn
plar win hold It's o8th annual
conclave October II at the
Masonic Temple. Tenth and U
streets NV.
Hundreds Of representatives
OF the chivalric degrees Of
Prince Hall Masonry are ex-
pected 10 take part in the one
day convention. Ofiicers for
1858 win be elected and In
stalled.