davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1957-12-31

For one group of men, the
final months Of 1857 will 20
down as the period Of greatest
boom ever known--a period in
which they literally made mil
lions In minutes.
The group includes invest
ment bankers and dealers In
bonds.
In December. some Of the
great banking houses Of Wall
Street have made more money
than in many q full year.
It's not the way 1t was at
this time q year ago-oh no.
For ct this season in 1866. ]
was reporting that these same
men were going through q A.
nancial "bloodbath," q profit
squeeze so severe that there
was serious question whether
some Of the firms could sur
vive.
Boom n Explained
But now? November De-
cember was Q record -smasher
that happens once in q life.
time" said one Of my friends.
q partner in a world-famous
banking firm. He shook his
head In amazement. Il still
can't believe how much money
we've made in the last few
weeks :"
What is this boom all about?
This:
Throughout the tight money
era Of 1856 and most Of 1857.
interest rates climbed steeply
and the prices of all bonds
slumped in an almost perpen-
dicular line, as billions Of dol
lars Of new bonds came to
market, the price floor fell
away. went down. down. down.
The investment bankers who
worked out new bond deals
In that period found time and
again that they couldn't dis
tribute the bonds at the rates
and prices agreed on. They had
to mark down drastically the
prices Of the securities to sell
them-and the markdowns not
only absorbed their commits
sions but also ate into their
reserves.
The bond dealers who had
to keep inventories of bonds
on their shelves in those
months to meet the demands
of investors found time and
again that a transaction was
netting them a loss.
1t was rough. At times 1t
was close TO q panic.
But then came November
IA. 1857. Shortly after 4 pm.
on that day. the news flashed
over the wires that the Federal
Reserve Board had decided in
fiation was no longer the
threat and that it had abruptly
shifted to an easier money
policy. The signal was unmiS-
taxable: interest rates finally
were to head down, bond prices
finally were to head UP.
Demand Scars
And the bond and money
markets took on.
At I pm. on November IA.
for instance. several banking
firms were trying-with dismal
results-to sell a big issue Of
American Telephone 5 per cent
bonds at a price slightly under
l0li2.
At 4:30 pm. the bankers
were frantically answering
phone calls from investors the
Nation over who ordered mil
lions of the bonds at the issue
price. BY noon November is.
there wasn't an American Tele-
phone bond available at the
issue price.
Today. the telephone bonds
are quoted at above l00. On
Evening star., 1957-12-31
DEALINGS

NEW YORK. Dec. 81 tR,-The New
these odd lot tfanssetions 81 principal
dealers Tor December 80: Purchases
q 452,e02 shares; sales o. 46o.e17
snsres inelHdins s.o4i shares sold
Evening star., 1957-08-23

Show benefit fashion show.
Staged by julius Garfinckel
g. Co. the showing will star
American designers. Ben
Reig's collection highlights
for fall will be prominently
featured.
When we asked Mrs. KaSs
if she minded having that
many people traipsing
through her home, she gra-
ciously replied, That's what
a home is for, to be enjoyed"
THE ANSWERING fan
mail that Hollywood design
ers get is rather fabulous.
When we've spoken to Edith
Head. H ellen Rose, and
Charles LeMaire in Holly
wood, each in turn has said
they wished there was a way
that some of their designs
could be made available to
more women.
Charles LeMaire says he's
received literally thousands
Of letters from women all
over the world relating to
screen wardrobes and asking
how they might obtain a pat
tern or the dress.
LeMaire's answer to some
three million women who
scan the Spiegel Catalog is
ito look as smart as the stars
at prices they can afford"
Included in the Spiegel COM
pany's mail catalogue issued
in Chicago are designs from
current films which the ex-
ecutive designer at 20th-Cen-
tury Fox has created.
HOW DO YOU KNOW
How does a fashion season
register? Sometimes you can
spot 1t in the color that gets
the biggest play the little
fashion detail that's seen
practically on everything +. &.
and the overall look that
clothes possess.
This season keep an eye on
the sack dress on red .
on woolknit trims and
brass buttons that accom-
pany the double-breasted
look. They all add up to
Falls new look"
BEAUTEOUS ITALIAN
VISITOR-Washington has
Just recovered from seeing
beautiful Sophia Loren the
Italian movie star, and
there's word that another
beauty Of Rome, this time
Simonetta, the designer, is
headed for ashington
around the middle of Septem-
ber.
The patrician Simonetta
rates as one of the most
beautiful women in the de-
signing world.
Evening star., 1957-08-23
BY ELEM

Fame it's wonderful. Nine.
Thor Thors has had a beau
tiful color named after her.
The new Icelander cardigan
sweaters made of Icelandic
wool are featuring ThorS
rose.
In the new Peck a. Peck
booklet of fall fashions there
it is. ColorS are listed as
Evening star., 1957-08-23
FASHION NOTEBOOK
ThOrS Rose Is Down
In Black and White

Thors Rose, Viola Blue. nat
ural. and grey.
The Ambassadors wife
has been very active in help
ing promote fashion inter-
est in her land. The color
salutes her efforts.
X X 4 4
We hear the beautiful
home of Mr.. and Mrs. Gar
field Kass on Woodland drive
will be loaned for the Mont
gomery County Thrift Shop
, 1957-08-01
FOR RENT

Luxurious hilltop house.
Magnificent Sway view
across lush valley to sea.
Large living room, double
bedroom, kitchen, bar, ter
races fully equipped. Avail
able August |, by the
month Inexpensive.
Phone C'sted SAW
$50 A. M. - 1890 P. M.
, 1957-08-01
HUGO BoRNN

the FOigy ana DGSS SOAAAPdAAJ
from our side, and the brilliant
violinist David Ostrakh a n d
others from the Russians.
An understanding of National
ism in Music must include the
four following considerations:
/. Folk music.
2. Reaction to the domination of
"a foreign musical influence.
8. Program Music.
A. The musical coming of age of
previously backward countries
Folk music is the root of all
national music. A country that
has no folk music cannot have a
national art music. In primitive
times when the world was really
large, distances really great, and
peoples really isolated, the cul-
lures of different countries and
communities developed with little
outside influence. Music sprang
from the people rather than from
the educated musician, and was
shaped by the people as it was
passed on orally from one gen.
Grafton to another. Every coun-
try has its folk music which is
the expression Of national traits
rather than the emotions of any
one composer. A typical Scotch,
Negro or Oriental folksong has
certain features which are as ra-
cially identifying as any peculi-
arity of stature, coloring, slant of
eye, or prominent cheek bone.
But beautiful and vital as folk
music may be, it is too casual, too
simple in form to do more than
glimpse a single mood, and when
played OF an instrument without
the help of words or dance steps
to give it variety, it soon becomes
monotonous in its repetition. A
composer does not siraply trans
plant a folk song into the midst
of a symphony, where it would
be as out of place as a modest
violet in a bed of proud gladiolis.
-
Instead he studies it, looking for
any out scale steps, noticing every
rhythmic quirks and dislocated
accent, and then with these
characteristics in mind fashions
a suitable setting for his folk
theme. The theme itself may
undergo many changes, turning
upside down and inside out and
appearing clothed i n various
colored harmonies. Sometimes the
folk tune never appears but SIM
ply furnishes a model for original
themes from which the composer
fashions his piece.
Q. Reaction to the domination
of a foreign musical influence.
Occasionally in the history of the
art some new form of music
bursts upon the. world and wins
over all others by the force of its
genius. The first reaction by COM
posers in other countries is one
of imitation and then there is the
, 1957-08-01

sic of Richard Wagner in the 18th.
The Neapolitan school of Italian
opera developed the art of sing
ing to heights of perfection never
reached before or since. Compos-
ers of genius provided these vir-
tuosi with melodies of surprising
beauty brilliance and expressive
ness. The impact of this new art
form was Overwhelming. Italian
opera took over the courts and
music centers Of Europe and
travelling companies brought it
to the far reaches of North and
South America.
For nearly a century composers
in all countries bowed to the r
of Italian melody and incorporat-
ed it into their styles. Bach, Han
del, Mozart, even Beethoven
showed this influence. In fact it
has been said that Brahms was
the first truly German composer.
Handel, a German, brought
Italian opera to London and
reigned supreme over the must
cal scene. The inevitable revolt
led to the production of a distinc-
lively English opera, The Beggars
Opera which employed English
popular airs and ~folk-songs. The
public overnight changed allegi-
ance and Italian opera was
doomed. Handel was ruined fin
ancially and turned to ~oratorio,
producing his greatest master
pieces including the immortal
Messiah.
Richard Wagner in the middle
10Th century led the revolt against
Italian opera on the continent. His
melodic and harmonic innova-
tons created such a strong i'm
preston that there is hardly a
composer of the second half Of
that century that does not show
his influence. This in turn led De-
busy, who signed himself, Claude
Debussys musician francais, to
rally the young composers of
France into creating a national
school.
CTo be continued
, 1957-08-01
a Ia CARTE:

Jumbo Shrimp Cocktail rs
Native Lobster Cocktail IS
Hors d'oeuvre Varies LOO
Smoked Oysters on Toast so
Sardines on Toast so
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08
STAR DUST

MORE THAN LUCK: There many ways of getting the
luxuries Of life of the unusual perhaps by
entering contests takes than luck TO wn
for yourself by reading the story Wdshn0onS
Top Contest Winners on page 80.
BEHIND THE SCENES Late evening televson viewers
have been chucking for time the antics Of
collection of characters called Sam and Friends You'll
probably them camera but the real friends
of Sam and Friends their animators Jim Henson and
Jane Anne Nobel To meet Jim and Jane and find
how they give life to the colorul muppets page 10
CANDID THOUGHTS: There is nothing serious and
single minded than looking for job especially
when he Is handicapped At the employment clinic fea-
tured pages and job-seekers introduced to
the photographer and informed Of his mission Yet
despite the fact the photographer walked openly the
and his visible all times the clinic
visitors intensely interested the meeting that
they seemingly forgot about him
UTILITY AND DECOR: The pot-belly and
terparts still their original in Of
Virginia (See page 22 But the manufacturers say
and OF them being bought by antquarians for
in home decor They're painted
used as hall stands ch-alls
NEXT SUNDAY: preview Of the special television
Christmas show being prepared by veteran singers Frank
Sinatra and B;ng Crosby The word it will probably
come classic Also helpful article how protect
your family and yourself from accidental poisoning.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08
THE FRONT COVER

To admirers of television's
Sam and Friends, the char
acters pictured need no in
PRODUCTION. For the enlight-
eminent of other readers.
they are (left to right
Kermit. Harry and Sam.
See page 10.
Evening star., 1957-08-18

that these voters will return to
the Democratic fold.
No observant party oficial could
be ignorant Of the Senator's OBJ
vious Nationwide popularity. He
has been the subject recently Of
feature articles In Look, Life, Time,
McCall's, Redbook, a Sunday sup
plement and several mems maga-
zines. In the first six months Of
this year Senator Kennedy. made
IS speeches in 80 States. As the
most sought after Of all Demo-
cratic speakers. he has had to turn
down some l,500 speaking invita-
tions.
Many televiewers who before
were not aware Of him remember
him as the personable, tousle-
haired young man who lost by less
than a nose to Estes Kefauver in
the race for the vice presidential
nomination at the 1856 conven-
ton.
Before that he had written a
best-selling book. "Profiles in
Courage" which won him
Pulitzer Prize. Although his critics
say that he himself has assidu-
ously avoided situations that
might make him q fit subject for
a book about political courage, 1t
Is reckoned that John Kennedy,
author. enjoys wide appeal among
intellectuals.
pemocrats--and just about ev-
eryone else for that matter-con-
Evening star., 1957-08-18
The Pent0gon:
Economy

Although Congress Great Econ
omy Drive Of 1857 melted away
with the late spring thaw, it was
obvious last week that the Penta-
gon had embraced the idea Of
thrift with a curious determina-
ton more often seen on appro-
priation committees.
The Defense Department revised
its spending budget, ordering deep
cuts in many military functions
with spending for missiles being
a notable exception.
1t was q move by outgoing Sec
retary Charles e. Wilson that was
dictated by necessity. Although
the estimate Of total defense
spending remained the same-S38
billion for the fiscal year that
began July 1.-The military re-
Gently has been spending at q
rate Of more than $40 billion q
year.
At this pace. the balanced
budget for fiscal 1858 which is
contemplated by the administra-
ton would be thrown far out Of
balance. and additionally. Presi-
dent Eisenhower would be forced
automatically to do something
which he has hoped to avoid: Ask
Congress again for an increase in
the legal ceiling Of $275 billion on
the national debt.
The drastic cutbacks required
the Air Force to reduce its pres.
ent rate Of spending by $l,378.-
100000 year. At the same time.
the Air Force announced that, in
Continued on Page Ara
Evening star., 1957-08-18

three American diplomats to leave
the country within "a hours.
Indignantly. Washington re-
jected the charges. It also pro-
tested against q 'slanderous" anti
American campaign conducted by
the Syrian radio and press and
complained Of "unwarranted in
reference with q United States
diplomatic courier at the Syrian
border last Monday. The Gov
ernment said the courier was
stopped by a man. in civilian
clothes. who seized his passport
and diplomatic pouch. The locked
pouch later was retrieved.
Retaliating against the expulsion
Of two embassy attaches and Vice
Consul Francis j. Jeton, the
United States declared Amhassa-
dor Far4d zeineddine and Or.
Yassin' zakaria. second secretary
Of the Syrian Embassy here, to be
persona non OrGtG. The State
Department also announced that
the American Ambassador. James
8. Moose, jr.. who currently is in
this country, would not return to
Damascus.
This was some Of the harshest
diplomatic action in a long time.
No Arab nation had ever gone 50
far with plot charges against the
United States and no American
ambassador had been expelled
from an Arab country since World
War II. The last time the United
States expelled chief of mission
was In 1915. when the Austro-
Hungarian Ambassador was asked
to leave for conspiratorial ac-
tivities.
Evening star., 1957-08-18
Arms Talks:


Valerian A. Zorin, Russian ne
gotiator at the London confer
ence, reiterated last week that no
disarmament agreement Is possible
without corresponding decisions
regarding the liquidation Of mill
tary bases Of foreign powers in
Europe. particularly in Western
Germany. AS tough as this
sounded. Western observers were
inclined to believe the statement
was another Soviet blast intended
to affect the forthcoming German
election. They noted, with salts
faction. that private conversations
were proceeding between the con-
ferees.
The West still suffered q propa-
ganda disadvantage. however. be-
cause Mr.. zorin made much Of
the fact that Russia has received
no answer to It's five-month-old
proposal for liquidation Of bases.
Evening star., 1957-08-18

The situation caused uneasiness
about Syrian intentions. There
was speculation that it planned q
general movement against pro-
Western individuals.
When Damascus announced
completion Of an arms agreement
with Moscow and q top-level army
shakeup, some observers predicted
the emergence Of dictator.
Southward on the Arabian
peninsula. the month-old rebellion
led by Imam Ghalib bin Ali
against the Sultan Of Muscat and
Oman neared an end after the
Sultan's forces seized the villages
Of Nizwa and LIZ. British forces
which had been asked to come to
the aid Of the Sultan began NOV
ing out. But 10 Arab states de-
manded that the United Nations
convene the Security Council to
consider the armed aggression"
Of Britain. The council decided to
meet Tuesday to answer the re-
quest-one unlikely to be accepted.
On Capitol Hill. meanwhile,
Senator Fulbright, Arkansas DEM
ocrat. blamed Secretary Of State
Dulles for causing trouble in the
Middle East. He said the Secre-
tary acted against expert eco
nomic and diplomatic advice in
withdrawing the offer to help
Egypt build the Aswan dam on
the Nile. and asserted Mr.. Dulles
was responsible for q series Of
events bordering on disaster.
The Senator listed the events
as the following: Seizure Of the
Suez Canal operating company by
Egyptian President Canal AbdeI
Nasser; the abortive invasion Of
Egypt by Britain, France and
Israel; deterioration Of the North
Atlantic alliance; severe oil short
ages in Europe and economic dis
locations elsewhere in the world:
the deepening Of Soviet penetra-
ton in the Middle East; an OUT
lay by the United States Of STA
million more under the Eisen-
hover Doctrine than this country
would have contributed to the
dam project. and finally, intensi-
fed difhculty in settling the Arab
Israeli conflict.
Evening star., 1957-08-18
KENNEDY's KITE
BY DAVID KOoNCE

For the first time in q long while
Democratic Party strategists and
the public opinion pollsters seem
to be in agreement on something.
Both groups. furthermore. have
additional allies in prognostication
among leading political COM
mentators Of the press.
The point Of agreement: That
t0-year-old Senator John Fitzger-
aid Kennedy Of Massachusetts, is
the man TO beat for the 1860 DEM
ocratic presidential nomination.
The pollsters have reported Sen
ator Kennedy well out in front of
both Senator Estes Kefauver and
Senate Majority Leader Lyndon
Johnson in the opinion Of Demo-
cratic voters. For some months
political columnists have been
speaking of Senator Kennedy in
the same breath with 1860.
And now there are signs that
some Of the most influential Dem
ocrats Of all (these do not include
Harry Truman, Adlai Stevenson
or Mrs. Eleanor RoosevelD are re-
garding the Senator from Masss-
chusetts as the fastest runner in
the Democratic stable.
Two Of the party's most power
ful throne room" heavyweight
Chicago's Jake Arvey and the old
timer James Farley-have been re-
ported as inclined toward q Ken
nedy candidacy. Neither has de-
Evening star., 1957-08-18
Neither Action Likely

AS it stood yesterday, it ap-
peared that there would be neither
postal rate increase nor postal pay
increase legislation at this session.
Both bills. however. will be held
over until Congress returns for the
second session in January.
. The ending Of q seven-year
controversy over who should de-
velop the power potential Of the
Niagara River. The Senate passed
a $500 million bill authorizing the
New York Port Authority to build
a l.S million kilowatt system on
the river.
The compromise action broke q
long deadlock between the advo-
Gates Of public and private power.
Under the compromise, Ohio and
Pennsylvania will get a share Of
the power. and another large share
viii go to private. companies for
distribution.
. Final congressional action on q
minor tax bill which included an
amendment that, beginning Au-
gust %. would restrict fast tax
write-offs for industry and end the
program entirely on December 81.
1859.
The program, established dur
ing the Korean war to induce ex.
pansion Of defense plants, enabled
many industries only remotely
connected with defense to write-of
for tax purposes all or most Of
their expansion costs over five
years. instead Of the usual 20 or
IS years.
. Confirmation by the Senate OF
four top Eisenhower appointees:
John s. Graham and John F.
Floberg as members Of the Atomic
Energy Commission: Jerome J.
Kuykendall to the Federal Power
Commission. and Don Paarlberg
as Assistant Secretary of Agricul-
ture-the last two confirmed
despite heavy opposition.
Evening star., 1957-08-18
KENlzEDYS NTE
Here's the Young Man to Watch for the 1860 Race

MED the published report. Col.
Arvey was among the group of top
Democrats that gathered at the
ringside Of the Patterson-Jackson
fight in New York recently for a
pow-wow on party strategy.
The ringside meeting was called
primarily for the purpose Of find
ing a painless way to ease Paul
M. Butler from his post as ma
tional chairman.
This gathering becomes slgnifi-
cant when 1t is noted-as It was by
one highly placed Democrat-that
a majority Of the power repre-
sented at the ringside has shown
signs Of leaning toward Senator
Kennedy.
Evening star., 1957-08-18
REVIEW or THE WEEK
Civil Rights: Action

There were two good reasons
why the long stalemate over civil
rights legislation seemed headed
finally for a showdown in Con-
gress this week end.
Reason No. /: The political re-
quirements Of both parties had
been met.
Reason No. Q: The season was
getting late and Congress wanted
to 60 home.
AS for the political considera-
tions. this was the situation:
Democrats had held a definite
advantage when the bin was re-
turned to the House after Senate
passage tdrastically anended) on
August Z. Both houses had passed
legislation with civil rights in It's
title for the first time in three
generations.
In the process. the Democrats
had stolen a Republican show, or
so 1t seemed to many Republicans
The measure had surmounted .
prdSiously insurmountable hurdle
the Senate-and without a fili-
buster It was made acceptable
in the Senate by the compromise
moves Of liberal Democrats whose
fidelity to the cause was above
question. It's approval was made
possible by the parliamentary
dexterity Of a Southern Demo-
crat, Lyndon johnson.
Since the whole complex meas
ure did. after all. originally bear a
Republican label, House Republi-
cans we're determined that there
would be no final settlement until
they had extracted their fair share
Of mileage from civil rights.
For 10 days then, the Republican
leadership Of the House con-
demnad the measure at every turn.
Minority Leader Joseph Martin
said that 1t would be better to have
mo bill at all" rather than the
heavily amended Senate version.
He suggested that President Eisen-
hover might call a special fall
session in order to get meaning
ful'' bill. He demanded q confer
ence on the Senate House differ
ences--a move that probably
would have meant no bill this year.