davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-27
Capitol Cadillac-OldS Cn
urban Cadillac-Olds

II. Ind ST NV ST. 3-.bHO
coupe: equipped with all extras
IMAGINABLE new car condition
,throughoat save at S2,9g5.
L. l. i l 4
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-27
LEE D. BUTLER. INC.

III III 81. n ". DI T-Ul ]
LINCOLN 1856 Capri sedan. beauti.
ful blue: very clean. fully equipped
power steering. power brakes Nov
only S3.e95. CCC guarantee.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-27
TAKE U s ] TO
BANNING & SONS

$500 Bait Ave. Open 30 WA. 7-444o
PONTIAC 81 Catalina s-cyl. cpe.
T. and h hydra. Wv. tires: 2-tone
finish. must see to appreciate. spec.
today, S54h.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-27
AUTOMOBILES FOR SALE

MERCURY 1855 Monterey hardtop
and white finish: Si,SS5. GMAc
ALDER OLDSMOBILE
1901 Bladensburg I'd. ne. Ii.
4-69Ss. block south OF N. Y. ave,
MERCURY IS, $1,799
Monterey sport sedan; sparkling 2
Windsor blue top; r. and h., Merco.
brakes; clear plastic custom covers.
etc. low mileage, one owner.
MONTGOMERY-STUBBS
LINcoLN-MERcURY DEALER
MERCURY SO Monterey DIR. hard,
sna RPh"f soSDE aBt0@ ss.sfs trans r
LEE D. BUTLER, INC.
112l 2lst st. NV. DI. 7-0lll
MERCURY "a Monterey 4-door
equip, with r and h., MercomatiI
trans, power steering. brakes: Wv
tires; 2-tone finish. Spec. today
MCKEE PONTIAC
PONTIAC MEANS MCKEE
NEW USF-CAR LOCATION
10th AND | SITS. NV. ST. 3-7l01
MERCURY '55 cdr. hardtop; blue
radio and heater: clean; price
Sl.700 or best offer VII. $1,000
MERCURY 81 Monterey hardtoI
coupe 2-tone blue; r. and h
power brakes. auto. trans. safety
belts, WV. tires tone unused
company ofhcial car guaranteed
S2,l50. 400 Tanglewood drive
Hyattsyille. AP 7-SfOO.
MERCURY 1857 Montclair Phaeton
hardtop coupe; completely equipped
including power steering and brakes
r. and h., automatic trans; Official
car. driven very little: rew-cgr title
and warranty: regular price. Sl,233
our special sale price, S3,lS7.
LEE D. BUTLER, INC.
ll2l 21st st. NV. DI. 7-0lll
MERCURY "a 4-dr,: r. and h,
b. Wv. tires; one owner: value al
S1,l95. Payments to suit youi
budget MCNEIL PONTIAC. 1870
Wis, ave, OIL. $4,000. In the heart
OF Bethesda.
MERCURY 1855 convert; and h
power steering. brakes, window!
and seat. Mercomatie; 81 500
OWNER. wkdys after q pm. XII
80
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-27

OLDS - "9S" I-dr.; r. h. auto
trans. Wv tires one owner;
S7ah Payments to suit your
budget. MCNEIL PONTIAC. 1920
wis ave, OIL. 4-SO00 In the heart
Of Bethesda
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-27

PLYMOUTH 1867 4-dr; r. h Wv
tires. all accessories; 500 DIN,
take over mo. payments OF 30 mos
owner going overseas. must sacri-
fice. MA. $4,000 S-4; eyes. XII
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-27
Suburban Cadillac-OldS
ALBER OLDSMOBILE

I BRADLEY SHOPPING CENTER
BETHESDA. MD, OIL. 6-710t
iOLDSMoBILE 1856 "SS'' 4-dr sed
blue and gray finish; equipped; 81.
4 IAs I,AIAT I'm Nf.IAYf.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-27

oLDS 81 "9S" Holiday sedan: rob
ms egg blue, with gorgeous match
inc interior. loaded with extras. in.
Guiding power steering and brakes
electric windows and seat, etc.
new-car condition throughout: So.
iRns
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-27
MANN OLDSMORILE

5000 18Th St. sill sps. ~. 5-6l SO
OLDSMOBILE 1851 lax Holiday
coupe: .-tonc blue, fully equipped .
very clean, only Sl.7a5. CCC guar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-27
MONTGOMERY-S TUBRs
MCKEE PONTIAC

'PONTIAC MEANS McKEE'
NEW USF-CAR LOCATION
10th AND L SITS. NV. ST. 3-7l01
MERCURY 80 cdr, hardtop; blue
radio and heater: clean; price
Sl.700 or best offer. VIII. $1,000
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-27

PLYMOUTH 90 4-dr. sedan. beAut
2-tone blue and white with match
TO bumper. Only S1.445 with Smal
down payment and bank financing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-27
NATIONAL BONDED CARS II MO- GUARANTEE PARTS LAB0

Special I door; blue and white.
heater, music. dynafiOw; TO-
OOO miles b. Navy captain.
This Is tOp-notch trAnSpOrta-
ton. No. OD', tBONDED.b
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-27

MERCURY 1857 Montclair Phaeton
hardtop coupe; completely equipped
including power steering and brakes
r. and h., automatic trans; Official
car, driven very little: new-cgr title
our special sale price. S3,IS7
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-27
TAKOMA FORD

JU S-l0OO
OLDS 81 "9S" de luxe HOLIDAY
coupe: in orig 2-tone finish. equip
vi HYDRA, power seat, power win
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-27

PLY MOUTH IyDb FURY
owner. leaving country. must sac
rifice this week: 1000 mi. auto
trans. power steer. peri rond.
81 500. CONLEY. HO. 2-4000
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-13
Senators Study
3TaxChanues

Three basic changes in the tax
laws were in the hands of the
Senate Finance Committee to-
day in the form of bills intro
duced in the Senate yesterday.
Senator Potter, Republican OF
Michigan. proposed that home
owners be given five years in
stead of one in which to invest
the proceeds from the sale Of a
home in the purchase of another
house without payment of the
capital gains tax.
Senator Javits, Republicans of
New York. drafted bill to give
disabled persons the same addi-
tional exemption of 5000 now
granted to blind persons.
A group Of Senators, joined
Senator Thurmond. Democrat Of
South Carolina. in a plan to re-
lieve thousands of small busi-
nessmen of the need to keep
voluminous books in order to
claim business expense deduc-
tons. This bill would permit a
trade or business in the conduct
of which 10 or fewer persons are
engaged to take a standard
deduction instead of itemizing
them.
Senator Thurmond emphasized
that this bill is not designed to
lower taxes. but only to make
their payment simpler for small
businessmen and farmers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-13
Kennedy Urges
Farm and Loan
Aid 10 Poland
BY J. A. O'LEARY

Senator Kennedy, Democrat of
Massachusetts. has appealed to
the administration to respond to
Poland's request for economic
assistance in the form Of farm
SURPRISES and loans to buy farm
machinery.
In a letter to Secretary of State
Dulles. Senator Kennedy disa-
greed with the stand taken Sun
day by Republican Leader Know
land against such aid. Senator
Knowland argued that because
Russia still controls Poland.
American aid would only lessen
the Soviet burden and release
supplies which the Russians
could use elsewhere.
- Senator Kennedy assured Mr..
Dulles there is a considerable
body of opinion" in Congress in
favor of helping Poland.
The Massachusetts, Democrat
recognized the argument that
refusing the aid could make mat
tiers more difficult for Poland's
Soviet masters. but he replied
that hunger has never been a
weapon of Am erican foreign
policy" The Senator said that If
we can win a cold war advantage
only by turning a deaf ear to
Polish misery it would be a "du-
bious victory at best"
Senator Kennedy visited Po-
land less than two years ago and
said he knows the population
has rejected the Communist
philosophy, He said Poland may
still be a satellite government,
but the Poles are not satellite
people.
Senator Knowland said the
American people have always
been willing to relieve hunger,
If they could be sure the food
sent would be distributed gen.
orally and not just to Commu-
nists. The Californian suggested
that one solution would be for
the Communists to lift restric-
tons which have prevented
Polish Americans from sending
CARE packages to Poland.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-13
Four Men Indicted
As Counterfeiters

CHICAGO, Mar. 10 R.-Four
nen-the nucleus of what the
Secret Service termed one Of
he largest counterfeit rings
ever smashed were accused
Yesterday of making about 5000
fake $40 bills.
Indicted by a Federal grand
Jury on counterfeiting charges
we're Christ Tales. IS, Paul Pro-
para, 80. Joseph Casaccio. %,
and Nick Canzoneri. 90.
Sidney K. Franken, Chicago
Secret Service chief, said they
we're part OF a ring of 16 men
seized last month.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24
BURST O. BRASS
TELEPHONE TABLE

Esd. A bnond-ne~ style fashioned
BY Duchin to give your telephone
corner O lift 2 tiers with omple room
for phone books. Con also serve as
night or end toble, you'll find q dozen
uses! l3"xo'x27'. ASS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24
BOOK RACK WITH
FASHION ACCENT

Sid. Exquisitely designed book rock
in sotin block iron, foshion-occented
by burst O. bross! Angle shelves
hold books; fIot shelves toke moo-
ozines, knick-knocks, radio, onythino
you wish! l8"xe"x33" 7.08
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24
NEW FOURTEEN
UTILITY TABLE

S20O. A charming componion piece
to the book rock in sotin block iron
with decorative burst o. bross side
piece. Both have scuff proof legs.
Use in muItipIes as on unusuol
room divider. lO'xo"x33". 7.98
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24
DE LUKE GIANT BOOK
RACK, SATIN BACK

#BR32. Two roomy. oneIed shelves
hold your fovorite volumes. while O
host of magazines con rest ottroctive-
ly on the fIot bottom shelf. Plants or
knick-knocks pose prettiIy on top
shelf. 32"x26"xl2". 5.08
The people's voice., 1957-01-18
ALTERNATIVE PLANS
DRAFTED BY COMMITTEE

In order to gear this work to fiscal
plans found feasible by the legislature,
alternative plans were set up for each
of the major systems. For example, if
program were developed for catching
up the backlog of needs in 15-year
period, and at the same time accom-
plishing new needs as they arose, a
total amount of $765 million per year
would be required for the first thirteen
years for all highways and streets in
the states, with $57 million in each of
the next two years and $25 million per
year in the last five years.
The committees engineering report
points out that while the task of i'm
proving roads, highways and streets
to efficient standards is big, 1t is far
from impossible. 1t might have been
conidered impossible prior to the en-
actment of the 1856 Federal Aid Law,
but the large sums of money that this
law will provide for Montana's main
highways makes the feasibility of IL
nancing the total highway problem IN
the state more probable.
1t is interesting to note from the
committees finance report that cur
rent sources of revenue, coupled with
federal aid, can accomplish the total
program with only minor adjustments
to bring about equity among the var
ious users of the highways. The prob
lem can be accomplished over a 20
year or 3O-year period from current
revenue sources, or it can be accom-
plished over a shorter period by the
processes of borrowing to catch up
the backlog and paying for the high
ways as we use them over longer
period of from thirty to thirty-two
years.
The people's voice., 1957-01-18
7-CENT TAX ESSENTIAL;
TRUCKS MUST PAY MORE

The finance report of the commit
tee staff indicates clearly that 7-cent
gas tax is essential if Montana is to
accomplish its total highway problem
within any reasonable period. How
ever, it points out that substantial up
ward adjustments are required for
weight fees on trucks to create equity
between passenger cars and the heav-
ier vehicles using the highways. The
committee study analyzed the cost of
constructing highways for vehicles of
various sizes and weights, and allo-
Gated the costs of those highways back
The people's voice., 1957-01-18
COSTS NOT FAIRLY DISTRIBUTED
BY FUEL TAX ALONE

Because of the fact that fuel tax, as
such, does not fairly distribute the
burden of highway costs, all states
have developed some method of col
| lecting supplemental fees for vehicles
larger than passenger cars. In some
states, such as Oregon, Idaho, New
York, and others this supplemental fee
is collected in the form of so-called
weight-distance taxes.
In Montana the supplemental charge
is collected in the form of an annual
fee which varies with the weight of
the vehicle. For example, a commercial
vehicle of 10000 pounds now pays an
annual fee of $1,000 per year, plus its
legal license fee and fuel tax. A vehicle
of $4,000 pounds gross weight pays
$21.00 per year and a combination
truck and trailer of 10000 pounds pays
$4,000. These fees are paid regard
less of the amount of travel of these
various vehicles, so that the IoW-mile-
age vehicle pays proportionately more
per mile of use than the high-mileage
vehicle.
Also, because of a popularity of the
rate structure, a combination truck
and trailer of $4,000 pounds pays only
$105.O0, whereas a single unit truck
OF the same weight pays $435.00. The
report points out that due to opera
tional differences, it is more than likely
that the combination unit of truck and
trailer will travel more miles in a
year than the higher fee single unit
tTIIpk
The people's voice., 1957-01-18
The Proposed Highway
Use Tax

1t has been proposed for several
years that Montana should have a
weight distance tax for commercial
vehicles which is related directly to
highway use. 1t is pointed out that
such tax is graduated mileage tax
with rates per mile increasing as the
weight of the vehicle increases. The
report suggests that such highway
use tax could be developed in Mon
lana with annual charges, only being
made for vehicles up to $4,000 pounds
and vehicles over that weight paying
q mileage tax in accordance with their
weight.
Under this schedule a vehicle pay
ing Montana fuel tax and weighing
$4,000 pounds would pay about one
cent for each mile of travel in the
state. A vehicle of $4,000 pounds
would pay about two cents for each
mile of travel and vehicle of 10000
pounds would pay about three cents.
Vehicles burning diesel fuel would
be excused from paying fuel tax and
would accordingly pay at higher rate.
4 30,000-pound diesel would pay two
cents per mile, a 42,000-pound diesel
would pay about three cents per mile
OF travel, and a 7S,00O-pound vehicle
would pay about six cents per mile
If travel.
The people's voice., 1957-01-18
Montana's Highway Problem

situations, the conditions will grow
worse
Looking into the future, the report
points out that between now and 1876
gradual deterioration coupled with
an expected 80 per cent increase in
traffic will call for program to re-
construct or improve nearly every
mile of road in the state.
A $16 BILLION PROGRAM
In order to develop adequate high
way service, it will be necessary to
first take care of the large backlog of
work required to bring the highways
to safe standards, and at the same time
to develop program to keep up with
the constant increasing traffic stream.
Completion of the entire job over a 20
year period on all systems will cost
nearly SIG billion. Much of this cost
is tied into the backlog of work which
has been developed over the years.
The speed with which the rehabilita-
ton job is accomplished will have little
to do with the overall cost, but the
earlier the completion can be accom-
pished, the sooner the people of the
state will have adequate transporta-
tiOn facilities.
The people's voice., 1957-01-18
PROPOSED RATES LOWER
THAN IN OREGON

1t is interesting to note that these
fee schedules are below those being
collected on practically an Identical
basis in the State of Oregon. They are
very close to rates now being col
lected from similar vehicles operating
in the State of Idaho. The report points
out that a tax graduated only accord
ing to the weight of the vehicle falls
more heavily on the Iow-miIeage op-
orator, while, a properly scheduled
weght-distance or highway use tax
makes automatic allowance for the
difference in mileage.
Such tax can be graduated to allow
for additional costs for highway i'm
provements which are occasioned by
the heavier vehicles. Such a method
of taxation also provides a convenient
procedure for charging highway costs
to nonresident vehicles.
The disadvantages of highway use
taxes are usually noted as the admins
tration cost the possibility of evasion,
and the relatively high cost to the
taxpayer of complying with the tax
provisions. These disadvantages can be
overcome in a large degree by good
management, by rigid enforcement,
and by simplified procedures. All of
these elements have been included in
the highway use tax prepared by the
fact finding committee for submission
to the 1857 Legislature.
The people's voice., 1957-01-18

In 1865, the Legislature established
a fact finding committee on highways
streets and bridges as an official body
to study the complete highway prob
lens of the state and report its find
ings to the 1857 legislative session.
The committee was headed by George
Schotte, Butte, chairman, and the
technical work was under the direc-
ton Of William l.. Hall, a transporta-
tion economist Of the Bureau of Public
Roads, Portland, Oregon, given leave
for this special assignment
The committee divided its work into
three broad fields, one being an engi-
neering study to determine the total
highway needs of the state, second
being a finance study to determine
how these needs can be met within a
reasonable time and how they should
be equitably distributed between the
various users, and third section con-
cerned principally with management of
the highway and motor vehicle prob
lens in this state.
The engineering needs study was
conducted for the fact finding commit
tee by the Automotive Safety Founda-
ton of Washington, ID. c., non-profit
engineering group which has conducted
similar studies in almost half the
states in recent years. The results
Of this study were reported on Novem-
Der Is, and were put out in published
IN
Ahead on Montana's Highways.
COPIES of this report, as well as other
reports of the fact finding committee,
can be obtained by writing to the COM
mittee at p. 0. Box 921, Helena, Mon
tana)
This engineering report points out
that Montana faces a formidable high
way problem, in spite of the more than
forty years of effort by state and local
governments. The study points out that
serious deficiencies handicap traffic
on every class of public road in the
state.
On state primary highways, which
carry about 20 per cent of the total
traffic in the state, over two-thirds
of the mileage needs Improvement
now or within the next five years.
Over one-third of the principal coun-
ty roads and major city streets are
for present traffic, and the
condition of many local roads and |
streets is below levels considered ac-
ceptable for safe movement of vehicles.
positive steps to correct these
The people's voice., 1957-01-18

to the vehicle types accommodated.
Tax equality is a fundamental prin-
ciple in this country and most highway
way use as providing equal charges
for everyone in relation to the amount
Of road use received. Probably most
passenger car owners think of the gas
tax as providing this type of equality,
which it does so long as only passenger
cars are involved. However, the gas
tax does not provide for this equality
between the normal passenger car and
the larger trucks.
1t can be pointed out that the nor
NAL passenger car weighs about two
tons, and gets about IS miles for
each gallon of gas used. This vehicle
then gets 80 ton-miles of highway
use for each gallon of gas. Since each
gallon of gas requires the 7-cent gas
tax to the State of Montana, the pas
senger car vehicle can be said to get
80 ton-mies for cents. On the other
hand, a 80 ton tractor truck and
trailer gets about 4 miles of highway
use for each gallon of gas, but with
this gallon they may carry 80 tons
4 miles, and thereby get 1913 ton
miles of road use, for cents tax. SO,
while the passenger car gets 80 ton
miles, the large truck gets 1923 ton
miles highway use for exactly the
same fee.
The report of the committee devotes
a considerable section to the develop
ment of vehicle miles and ton-miles OF
operation of various vehicles. 1t is
ton-miles of operation by larger We
hicles are far out of proportion to the
vehicle miles of operation of the same
carriers.
The people's voice., 1957-01-18
Analysis of the Problem

In analyzing the highway problem,
the fact finding committe and the
Automotive Safety Foundation divided
the $4,000 miles of roads and streets
in the state into systems based on
traffic service provided. The systems
totaled about 5000 miles of primary
roads, $4,000 miles of secondary roads,
200 miles of arterial streets in addi-
ton to the state highway system
through cities, with the remaining 3d.
900 miles classified as local roads and
streets, The twenty-year costs of these
svStems are as follows:
The people's voice., 1957-01-18
PRESENT TRUCK RATES WAY
BELOW AVERAGE

BELOW AVERAGE
The fact finding committee staff
has prepared a special report which
provides an interesting comparison of
the existing and proposed Montana
truck fee schedules with those now in
existence in eleven other states of
the country, which have made COM
prehensive highway cost studies. This
comparison shows that Montana's pres
ent rates are substantially below the
median Ca median value would be the
middle state when the rates are listed
in order of size.)
In list of eleven states, this would
mean that there would be five states
above the median and five states be-
low of rates charged in these particu-
lar states for vehicles in the upper
weight groups. 1t shows further that
the rates proposed fall very near to
the median of the rates charged in
these other states and do not approach
the maximum in any weight category
This is a very important point
since it is obvious that trucks con-
tinue to operate effectively in all
of the states considered even though
the rates being paid in some are
substantially higher than those now
proposed in Montana.
The comparison of rates in the other
states studied is shown graphically
in the accompanying illustration 1t
should be noted that the comparison
with Montana rates is made to the
median of tn eleven states studied and
not to the maximum, which is substan-
TALLY above the median in all cases.
Comparison has been made on the
basis of indices in which a passenger
car equals one. This type of comparison
is necessary because of the variation
in taxation charges to passenger cars
in the several states. The upper part
of the graph shows the result of rates
in effect during the year 1856 on We
hicles of specific weight groups of
1000 pounds to $4,000 pounds. The
lower part of the graph shows a COM
parison for the same vehicles under
the rates proposed in the fact find
ing committee study.
MONTANA HAS BEEN EASY
ON TRUCKS
The staff of the committee points
out that this comparison was restrict
ed to the eleven states of California,
Colorado, Illinois, Louisiana, Mime
sofa New York, Ohio, Utah, Washing
ton, Idaho, and Oregon. These states
were included in a similar study pre-
pared by the U. S. Bureau of Public
Roads and released in publication of
October, 1856. The eleven states were
chosen because they are states which
have recently studied their highway
taxation problems and apparently ar
rived at realistic tax structures. The
fact that the Montana rates are below
the maximum of rates in these states
is interesting because of the limited
use of the expensive facilities required
in this state. This result would indi-
cate that Montana has approached the
problem of taxation of large CONNER
cial vehicles in conservative manner.
Continued On Page Four)