davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-02
The Arguments

The arguments for and against
continuation of the strict curbs on
trade with Communist China rest,
aside from the obvious economic
interests involved. on their political
effectiveness.
The United States applies a total
embargo on trade with Peiping,
contending:
l. That Red China remains
branded officially as an aggressor
by the United Nations.
2. That the Chinese and the
Communist North Koreans system
atically fiout the terms Of the
Korean armistice agreement.
8. That trade by the free world
with Red China would only add to
the war potential of world COM
munism by relieving the present
strain imposed on the Soviet Union
by Chinese demands for supplies
and equipment.
4. That trade would make avail
able to the Chinese Communists
sources Of capital, technical advice
and strategic supplies at present
denied to them.
5. That commercial relations
with the Communist regime would
be a betrayal of Chang Kai-shek's
Nationalist government on Taiwan
lFormosa), which the United States
recognizes as the legitimate gov.
eminent Of all China.
The opponents Of the 1851 re-
strictions. led by the British. con-
tend:
/. That denial of normal trade
relations would delay, rather than
advance. the day when Communist
China might come to terms with
the world community through the
u. N.
2. That since the Soviet Union
can legitimately purchase from the
West most Of the goods denied to
Red China, the Russians simply
send their own goods, or those pur-
chased, to the Chinese as needed.
This practice, they contend, makes
Peiping more and more dependent
on the Soviet Union, STRENGTHENING
Moscow's hold over the Chinese.
3. That isolation OF Communist
China from the free world helps
to solidify the Communist hold
there.
4. That Chang Kai-shek's gov
eminent is nothing more than a
powerless remnant Of the old
Kuomintang. propped UP by
United States aid and without a
semblance Of hope ever again to
rule China proper.
S. That the application Of
sitter set Of trade restrictions
against Communist China than
those in effect against the Com
munist bloc in general is unrealistic.
In the British view, the action
Thursday relaxing the barriers will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-02
Chang Takes Blame

In Taipei, capital of Taiwan. Ma
tionalist President Chang Kai-shek
in q radio broadcast shouldered full
blame for the riots Of May "a that
wrecked the American Embassy.
The aging generalissimo. obviously
concerned by the effects Of the
outbreak on relations with the
United States. called for even
stronger ties between the NATIONAL
lists and Washington. tSee story by
Spencer Moosa on this page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-02

"try out" limitation Of nuclear
weapons testing.
Mr.. Stassen, State Department
sources here say. will have flexible"
authority to treat with the Russian
delegate. Valerian A. Zorin, on the
issue. Mr.. Stassen has been dis
cussing the new United States
proposals with British. French and
Canadian delegates since his return
to London from Washington last
Monday.
Britain's second test explosion Of
a hydrogen bomb on Friday lent
new emphasis to the testing limita-
ton controversy. The Soviet Union
has previously demanded an out
right ban on all tests, but in the
most recent Russian proposals at
London. the Kremlin specifically
offered to single out this issue
(testing) from the general problem
Of atomic and hydrogen weapons.
as a measure Of high priority, and
solve it without delay"
AAAC OAAAbCu 0JdOGC pan 1OT ~
"try-out" test ban would involve
a one-year suspension Of testing
under strictly controlled conditions.
Implicit in any such agreement will
be aerial and perhaps ground in
spection. a full exchange of in
formation on disposition of nuclear
materials. and a mutual and fool
proof cessation Of the manufacture
Of new nuclear weapons.
The abrupt departure from the
previous American stand on the
testing issue is seen as a victory for
President Eisenhower over several
of his military. diplomatic and nu-
clear advisers who strongly oppose
either cessation Of nuclear tests or
any arms agreement with the Soviet
Union.
The Soviet press last week was
complaining vigorously that the
Presidents foes on the issue were
inventing pretexts to drag out the
London talks and prevent agree
ment. Moscow's Izvestia was par
ticularly critical of Mr.. Stassen's
delay in presenting the new
American plan to the Soviet
delegate last week.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-02
Search for Truth

1t was against this backdrop OF
confusion-and fear-that a sub
committee Of the Joint Congress
sional Committee on Atomic Energy
opened hearings into the hazards
Of bomb fallout last week. Its goal
was to get definitive answer from
scientists on both sides of the
question. To find this answer the
committee would have to distill
truth from contradictions.
Beginning the hearings (which
probably will last two more weeks,
on Monday, the committee heard
testimony that:
. Unless the risks Of radiation are
assumed. no use can pe made of
nuclear energy, either in peace or
war.
. Russia would be capable Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-02
The Budget:
Still Cutting

The two radio-television appeals
President Eisenhower made in be-
half Of his $71.8 billion budget
apparently succeeded in rallying
many previously reluctant congress
sional Republicans to his cause.
But. as has happened in other
battles, the reinforcements came
too late and too few-and the enemy
stood as one.
This was clear on Wednesday
when Representative Canfield, Re-
publican of New Jersey. moved to
recommit the Defense Department
appropriations bill with instructions
to increase the total cut by
$3.50. 900 900 from Mr. Eisenhower's
request by 1913 million. The
motion was rejected. and the voting
breakdown showed the division to
be clearly along party lines. with
only IL Democrats supporting the
motion and only 80 Republicans
opposing it.
Funds for the Departments Of
State and Justic0 and the judiciary
Jared worse in conference and final
passage than on the original hurdles
courses in the House and Senate.
The final version was $102, 758. 500
less than the President had sought.
This brought it down to $500 1871 1888
-$908.500 less than the House.
approved bill and $4,000 under
the Senate version.
1t was expected that the Senate
would attempt to restore some of
the defense funds cut away in
House action. Unless this happens.
argue some of the military's friends
in the House. the Army will be
forced to reduce its scheduled av-
erage strength Of $4,000 men by
$4,000.
1t was insisted also that the
House version of the defense funds
bill would force a serious cutback
in some research and development
projects at q time when national
security can least afford it. AS for
programs under way, a reduction
as large as $2,560 100000 was re-
garded as likely to slow down missile
procurement also.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-02

r. Reynolds. Sergt. Reynolds said
he caught Liu peeping through the
bathroom window at his wife and
that he shot in self-defense. A
United States court-martial acquit-
ted the soldier Of voluntary man.
slaughter.
The Chinese have a deep-rooted
sense that there must be restitution
II a person is killed, regardless of
justification. II the Americans had
given Liu's widow suitable COM
pensation, she and the public would
have been satisfied. Sergt. Reynolds
acquittal would not have aroused
such intense feeling. The Chinese
always regard compromise as the
best settlement.
Guilt Wos Assumed
The Chinese criminal code. like
the American, presumes that a man
is innocent until proved guilty. But
in the public mind he usually is
guilty until proved innocent. In
Sergt. Reynolds case, the Chinese
we're convinced he was guilty and
his acquittal shocked a public al
ready inflamed by a section Of the
press that had prejudged him,
called him a murderer and de-
manded his punishment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-02
Separate Roads?

The abrupt desertion of the
adamant American policy on trade
with Red China. coming so soon
after the unilateral British de-
cision to radically revise her entire
military establishment, pointed
again to a growing tendency of
Americas European allies to en-
phasize their independence of
Washington's leadership.
In part, the action can be viewed
as another aspect Of a current
wave Of anti-Americanism in Eu-
rope. expressed more in q de-
termined attempt at self-aSsertion
in foreign policy than outright
opposition. The wounds in free
world amity resulting from the rift
over the Suez affair last autumn
appear to be far from healed.
Whatever effect the British chal-
lenge to the trade ban may have
on policy. speculation is lively that
the administrations case for the
Mutual Security Act (foreign add
now before Congress will be dam
gerously weakened. Also, critics Of
the Eisenhower-Dulles mo yielding"
stand on the subject of Red China
have new. arrows for their bows.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-02
APPLAUSE IN COURT RESENTED
Many Things Could Have Set Off Toipei Riot

The followtno discussion OF the
causes OF the Gntt-Amertcan
rtoting on Formosa is BY an
Associated Press reporter tDho
has been In the Orient since 1889
and assigned to Formosd for the
last seuen years.
BY SPENCER MOOSA
.TAIPEI. Formosa.- was
behind the anti-American rioting
on Formosa's "black Friday?"
Was the wrecking Of the United
States Embassy and information
Office and the beating Of IL Amer
leans case Of a spontaneous mob
getting out Of hand. or was 1t Or
ganized beforehand?
Were the Communists at the bot
tom of 1t or did plumbers Of the
Americans themselves contribute to
the incident2 What may be the
long-range effect on relations be-
tween the United States and the
Chinese Nationalists?
Had the Liu Tze-jan case been
handled according to the Chinese
way, the riots might never have
occurred. Liu was the Chinese
worker who was shot dead by an
American soldier, M/Sergt. Robert
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-02
THE WORLD SCENE
THE WORLD SCENE
Britain's Decision

Back In 1851, in the midst of a
shooting war in Korea, the United
Nations at United States insistence
adopted a resolution calling for an
embargo on trade with Communist
China. The clamp-down involved
not only military supplies and
equipment but q long list of items
which might conceivably aid Pei
pings economy, thus indirectly
strengthening her war machine.
At the time. Communist Chinese
volunteers" were battling United
Nations troops in Korea. and the
Red regime of Mao Tse-tung. had
been officially declared an aggressor.
There was little objection among
Western nations against the trade
limitations. although the British,
additionally heavy traders with
China, were unenthusiastic.
But since the 1858 armistice with
the Communists ended the shooting
in Korea, the British and to a lesser
extent other European nations have
grown FESTIVE under the ban. In
creasingly, the British crown colony
Of Hong Kong has become center
for bootleg" commerce with Red
China-not. Of course. with Lon
don's sanction but with the
tacit approval Of shipping and
commercial interests of many
nationalities.
The reStiveness : was economic.
Britain, historically dependent on
her large export trade, needed the
big China market for the output of
her factories. Since the Communist
take-over in China in 1949, British
commercial and financial activities
there had almost vanished (see
story by Robert Jackson on page
A-26). But actual trade-on Pei
pings terms continued high until
the 1851 controls were applied.
Pressure mounted on the London
government for relaxing or out
right abandonment of the trade
barriers. At the Bermuda confer
ence last March, Prime Minister
Harold Macmillan and Foreign Sec
rotary Selwyn Lloyd pressed Presi-
dent Eisenhower and Secretary Of
State Dulles for American agree
ment to ease the restrictions. But
they found Mr.. Dulles determinedly
opposed. In the end. the British
leaders won only q grudging United
States acceptance of formal study
Of the problem by the NATO
powers.
The NATO study got nowhere.
The consultative committee dead
locked when a United States-pro-
posed compromise. which would
relax the trade ban on Just a few
selected items, proved unsatisfac-
tory to Britain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-02
Restless Cuba

Cuba's President and strong man.
Fulgencio Batista. kept firm grip
last week on nation growing more
restless by the hour. Opposition to
his regime. both overt and covert.
was bringing stern repressive meas
ures-and more opposition. The
Archbishop Of Santiago. Msgr. En-
rique Perez Serantes. appealed to
Col. Batista to halt "a reign Of
terror" in Orientes Province.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-02
Disarmament:
New Element

The discussions on disarmament
going on in London will include a
new United States proposal this
week. Harold E. Stassen. presi-
Dental assistant on disarmament
and American delegate to the United
Nations Disarmament Subcommit-
tee. will tell the conference that the
United States. in a reversal Of its
previous positions. now will nego-
tate with the Soviet Union for a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-02
Dawn of Concern

1t was at about this time that
deep concern began to be felt, first
by scientists, later by laymen, over
the hazards Of fallout. 1t spread
rapidly after the first hydrogen
bomb explosion on November /,
1852, disintegrated Elugelab Atoll.
From this concern there grew q
marathon debate over the extent
Of the dangers from nuclear weap-
ons tests.
It was q debate that divided
scientists into two camps. In one
camp were those who maintained
that the dangers of test fallout were
OF great magnitude. In the other
were those who scoffed at the cries
Of alarm. insisting that the increase
in radioactivity caused by the tests
was insignificant.
The debate was highly technical
and studded with such esoteric
terms as isotopes. RAIDS. rems, reps,
chain reactions. alpha particles and
beta decay. The non-scientific
mind was more likely to be con-
fused than alarmed.
The Atomic Energy Commission
did little to clear up the confusion,
AS recently as 1855, Lewis L.
Strauss, Acc chairman, was saying
that radio-strontium, q principal
poison produced by atomic fission.
was so insignificant that the
amount in the soils would have to
be increased by many thousands
Of times before its effect would be
noticeable in humans. A year
later 1t was still insisting that the
hazards were negligible.
But the Acc in the past few
months has begun to temper this
position somewhat. In February
one Of its spokesman said that
I'VE must gamble with the prob
ability of radiation damage to a
few individuals" in order to keep
the total society" secure. And in
April. Acc Commissioner Willard
F. Libby. in a letter to DR.. Albert
Schweitzer. renounced the old claim
that fallout presented no immediate
hazards by writing: Il do not mean
TO say that there is no risk at ALL"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-02
Around
The World

The government Of Lebanon sue
cessfully quelled violent anti-West-
ern demonstrations last week. The
series Of street riots and clashes
between rival political groups were
on familiar issues. Egyptian and
Syrian pro-Soviet nationalist ele-
ments. angered by pro-Western
policies of President Camille
Glamour. Foreign Minister Charles
Malik and Premier Sanni es-Solh,
used the tension Of the holly fought
election campaign to precipitate
the rioting. Unlike the recent crisis
in Jordan. however. the Beirut
government kept firm control of the
situation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-02
American Reaction

The London announcement,
whether by accident or design, was
made when Congress had recessed
for the Memorial Day week end.
and less than q week after
unbridled rioting on Taiwan had
severely shaken American conf
dence in the Nationalist Chinese
regime.
Absence Of Senator's and Repre-
sentatives from the Capital made
the Washington reaction compare
lively mild. The State Department
announcement seemed to rebuke
the British gently: 1.-THE United
States is most disappointed" by the
London decision. The American
policy Of total embargo against
trade with Red China would con-
tinue, the announcement said.
Some Of the lawmakers, although
away from Washington, lost no
time in making their reactions
known. Chairman Green of the
Senate Foreign Relations Commit
Tee observed that "other countries
have a. right to act in their own
interests"
But Senator Knowland of CAL
ifornia. Republican Minority Leader
and staunch foe of Red China,
charged that the British action
strengthens our enemies" Britain
might lose Hong Kong as
consequence. Senator Knowland
warned.
Senator Fulbright Of Arkansas,
Democratic critic Of administra-
ton foreign policy. saw the British
action as an evidence of our
rather sterile policy toward China,
with no prospects Of it leading any
where"
Majority Leader Lyndon john
son called for new look" at
American policy toward Red China.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-02
REVIEW OF. THE WEEK
Fa||out: The Peril Point?

Since the dawn of the Atomic AZ
at $50 am. on July is, 1945, in
the desert near Alamogordo,
N. Mex, three nations--the United
States. Great Britain and Russia
have exploded at least l02 weapons
that released nuclear energy.
At Alamogordo, it was the blast
alone, equivalent to several thousand
tons Of INT. that brought horror
to the hearts Of the scientists who
watched from the safety Of distance.
But the scientists did not have
long to wait before learning some-
thing Of the potential Of another
frightful consequence of a nuclear
explosion. 1t was demonstrated
when herd of cattle grazing is
miles from that first blast was
found to have discolored hair and
hides, the result of being showered
by radioactive debris from the
explosion.
The second and third atomic
bombs were exploded high in the
air over Hiroshima and Nagasaki,
and at first it was said that there
was no radioactive fallout from
these blasts. But later it was found
that this was a misconception.
About mile from ground zero
in Nagasaki enough radiation was
delivered to cause nausea and
temporary blood changes in humans.
Still there was no clear idea Of
the lethal quality of fallout. It
was not until July. 1916. when the
United States held its tests in the
Marshall Islands that the effects of
residual radioactivity began to be
fully realized. A target fleet an
chored in Bikini Lagoon was
literally toasted" with radioactive
rain from an underwater burst.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-02
Humphrey Out,
Anderson In

Secretary Of the Treasury George
M. Humphrey. who once said that
"a businessman has no business in
politics" is leaving the Eisenhower
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-02

mean simply that future trade with
Red China win be governed by the
same rules that police trade with
the Soviet Union or any of the
Soviet satellites.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-04
3-BEDROOM
DUPLEXES
ASPEN HOMES
RUSSELL E 2, AND ASPEN ST.

RUSSELL RID. AND ASPEN ST.
ALEXANDRIA
Attached homes with private front
and rear entrances; picture windows
and bsmt. with auto. washer and
drier: controlled gas furnace with
heating System; modern
kitchen with electric refgr. with
freezer space. gas cooking stove.
garbage disposal: good public transp
10 Pentagon. Navy Annex. downtown
D. c.. convenient to shopping CEN
ter. public and parochial schools
and churches; children welcome;
play areas available; complete main
tenance service. Rents. from Sis
u open ~ p n 10 Sp am a @"S Mo aS9sg
Friday; Saturday and Sun
day. 10 am, 20 3 pm. For informa-
ton. call XII. $4,000 or TIE. 6-Sii1.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-04
HOUSES FOR sALt-MD.
MONTGOMERY COUNTY

ALTA VISTA--3.bedrm custom-buiit
rambler living dining room area
JOxl4, complete kitchen; large level
lot with trees and beautiful shrubs
S1p.95O. KORzENDORFER, Realtor,
OIL, 4-slll till u,
ARCOLA AREA-Brick Colonial, Z
$1,000: AZ OF loan. 2fOO Parker
ave, wheaton, Md
BETHESDA telose inl : 3-bedroom
Colonial within watkins distance
OF everythina. $4,000. KORZEN-
DoRFER. Realtor, OIL. 4-Slll TIL y.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-04
REAL ESTATE SALE OR ExcH

Ia.RM., 3.bath, charming. old. Diet. B..
cor, stone and frame home: oil ut. d,
u firepis.. high ceilings, servants
qtrs, etc. N picturesque Forest
Glen PARK silver yer, SPRING ST., 81 300 !, I,
OWNER, u. b.b533.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-04
APARTMENTS WANTED
MOVING. PACKING. STORAGE

pet cat, desire 2-bedrm.
unfurn. apartment in NV. d. c.;
no lease. EN-. 3-306l.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-04
COOP APIS. FOR SALE

CLOSE TO CONN. AVE. shoppin1
apt, in Al cond., for sale at only
Sl3,a50; furn., rugs, etc. incl.
$4,000 cash, balance like rent
This In our opinion is q real buy;
call US for an appt. to inspect
EN-: 3-lS00 I'll 0. CHEVY CHASE
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-04
CO.;lLoREn

DESIRABLE. NEWLY DECORATED
! and rm. apartments with private
baths and kitchens in all apts,; heat
and refrigeration, utilities furnished
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-04
SPECIAL. 500 o50-At.

CPEVY CHASE. first ofiering-Beau.
tifully decorated brick rambler. Liv.
I'm. and din. rm ideal for enter.
tanning; all-electric kit. 3 bedIms..
baths. psneled rec. rn. with fire.
pl.. maids rm. and bath. garage;
conditioned throughout. CROSS
a. PERRY. INC. Realtors. OIL. q
0OQS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-04

BETHESDA, convenient NIH-Oual-
ity-built. 4-bedrm.. 2-bath brick
Cape Cod. din. rm. with French
doors opening onto screened porch,
complete kit. full bsmt.; S25.500.
CROSS g. PERRY. INC. Realtors.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-04

CHEVY CHAsE-This center hall
brick home with slate roof has:
porch, dining room, today's kit,
chen. bedroom and bath on first
floor. Two large bedrooms and bath
on second floor. Detached brick
garage. Price. S24,a5O. Call WO.
$4,000 until 8 D. m. EDW. H. JONES
Ss CO.. INC. Chew Chase.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-04
HOUSES WANTED TO RENT

2 OR 3 YOUNG LADIES to share
comfortable furn. house with 2
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-04

CHEVY CHASE VILIAGE-This con-
venientiy located home has living
room dining room, den. breakfast
floor. Four bedrooms and two baths
on second floor Attic finished into
two rooms, Two car detached gar
age. Call WO. $4,000 until 3 p.m.
EDW. II JONES a. Co. INC. Chevy
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-04

ARLINGTON's BEST AREA. modern
project. efficiencies and 3-bedrm.
apis walking distance to Navy An
mex and minutes TO Pentagon Large
rooms. modern kitchens, thermo.
statically. controlled heat and cir
ecnditi0ning: swimming pool. bus
and shopping. 204O Columbia pike.
ia. 7-O305.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-04
APIS. UNFURNlsHED-VA.

-bedrm. apt. !;
S1S all .utiis. incl excepting cleo
tricity. IA. T-oaq7
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-04

- Picture post card
cond.: lst-fi. den or bedrm and
powder rm.. bedrms. up: over
10000 So. IT, in the lot and the
price is only S22,950. Call SHAM
NON & LUCHS CO., KE. 7-1S00,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-04

BETHESDA COLUMBIA ForestJ--Won-
derful 3-bedroom, 2-bath rambler
Eh re Sqg yad sS s0urS Ko as5fH
DORFER. Realtor. OIL. 4-s1I1 till 8.
BETHESDA ETH .d PARK s.a So,Os Superb perl
Three bedrms., kit. has dishwasher.
disposal. breakfast space: fenced
lot. SAMUEL z. BOGLEY, D. c.
once, AID. 4-0290: eyes,. OIL. A.