davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-13
BACKYARD OBSERVATORY
Homemade Device
May Spot Satellite

You. too. can see an earth
satellite from the Washington
area.
All you need is a do-it-your-
self back yard satellite obServa-
tory, a satellite finder and map
now available from the Ma
tional Geographic Society. a
satellite that comes within
range Of Washington just after
sunset or just before dawn and
q willingness to be looking
when the time comes.
The observatory isn't hard to
install. If you follow directions.
In fact. there are many who
could easily add refinements to
the layout to increase accuracy.
The satellite finder. which is
being sent out now TO Opera
ton Moonwatch" teams par
ticipating in the International
Geophysical Year. IS scaled to
work with the Geographic
Society's 1856 map Of the
United States. Both the map
and the finder are available
(s2) at the Society's Offices
here.
Proper Scale
However. II a map Of the
United States to the same scale
Q:4.561.920 or 70 miles TO the
inch) is available from another
source, this would do.
The necessary computations
were worked out and the de-
sign Of the finder perfected by
Wellman Chamberlin. the
Society'S photographer. in CO.
operation with the Smithson-
ian Astrophysical Observatory
In Cambridge, Mass.
Early yesterday morning. Mr..
Chamberlain tested his own do
it-yourself observatory at his
home in Waterford. Va. He was
unable to see RusSia's Sputnik,
however.
For one thing, Sputnik passed
BY at an angle and in a direc-
ton that forced him to look
into the setting moon. For an
other. Sputnik was travelling on
a line between Chicago and
Savannah. Ga. and. conse-
ouently. was at least so miles
away.
Sputnik's transit Of the
United States 96 minutes ear
lier. however. ha dbeen right
over Washington. but at a time
when it was too dark for it to
reflect the light of the ris-
ing sun.
If the two orbits had been in
reverse order. Of course. 1t is
possible that he might have
been able to see the tiny moon,
although lac kof completely &C
curate information still would
have been a problem.
The finder is simple to use.
The directions printed on 1t
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-13

lar line bisecting the board
(see picture on this page).
Bore O hole the size Of the
bolt in the board at the point
where the two quadrants con-
verge and insert your bolt.
Bolt the board to stake No. 3
Gaping it with the wing nut
and suspending the line and
sinker from the end Of the bolt.
Now you have q sighter with
a plumb line so that you can
set it up perpendicular to the
ground. AS you tilt the board
the plumb line also will tell you
at what elevation you have
tilted 1t. This is necessary to
get the proper sight elevation.
It is along the top Of this
sighter that you will look when
you try to see the satellite.
Drive in stake No. 3 in line with
and between the other two
stakes and you're all set.
Back To the Finder
Now, let's get back to the
finder. taking Sputnik as an
example.
Let us say. for example. that
you read in The Star that Sput-
mix will come past at a favor
able time. that its orbit will be
on q line extending from
Detroit through Charlotte.
N. c., and that it will be 400
miles above the earth.
On your map draw q line
through these two points. Let's
call this line Alb.
Now draw a second line from
Washington &C. to meet line
ABB at right angles. Select
the line on the finder that most
nearly corresponds with the
announced height Of the satel-
lite and place this line on tor
Of the line on the map that you
have drawn from Washington
&C. with the 90-degree mark 81
Washington.
II the 400-mile height line on
the finder did not reach the
orbit line Of the satellite Cline
ABB this would mean that the
satellite would be below the
horizon or too close to the hori-
zon to be seen from this area
However. in the example
used here. the 40O-mile line
on the finder will interSect the
orbit cline ABB at a point
we'll call D.
New Direction
Because point d falls on the
/ 55-degree mark on the 400-mile-
height line. this means that yoU
must sight along line CD at ar
elevatio nof SIS degrees above
the horizon to have a chance
Of spotting Sputnik.
/ And, since line CD extends
southwest from Washington
you must point your sighter. b.
/ twisting stake No. 3 in tht
ground. in that direction.
This you should be able x
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-13
MOONWATcHERS'
GUIDE

6putnik will be making -four
passes across the Western Hem
isphere today that might be
seen by observers in the east
ern part Of the United States.
One pass will be generally
around 6:24 am. today on a
northwest to southeast head
ing. out to sea to the east OF
Washington. This pass is on q
line from Nova Scotia to the
eastern tip Of Brazil.
Again at 8 am, EDIT, Sput-
mix will whirl through west Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-13

apply specifically TO watching
for the American satellite yet
to be launched. However. they
are easily adapted If you're in
terested in trying to see Sput-
mix. as will be explained later.
The finder consists Of small
transparent sheet of plastic on
which are printed 10 black
lines. Each line is divided into
degrees of elevation. and each
line represents a particular
height above the earth at
which a satellite may be trav-
cling.
Specific Data
You use it in connection with
information that win be re-
glayed through the Nations
I press and radio facilities by the
Smithsonian Astrophysical OBJ
lSeryatory.
Specifically this information
must include the approximate
height above the earth's surface
at which a satellite is supposed
to travel during the time when
1t might be visible: also the
direction o fits path or orbit
around the earth translated
into terms Of a line across the
United States.
But. now, so that well be
ready. let's get that back yard
observatory built.
For this you need three
stakes told broom handles will
do f1nel. piece of candle. a
string with q lead sinker on
Ione end. a small bolt with a
wing nut and a board about
ten Inches square.
The first thing you do is to
lay of a north-south line out
| in the back yard. This you do
at night when you can see the
North Star. II you don't know
where the North Star is To-
Gated In the sky. see the dia-
gram on this page or ask any
Boy Scout. The chances are
that he can tell you.
! Put stake No. / into the
ground. light the candle and
stick it on top of the stake
The candle is used so that you
can see the stake from 25 to
so feet away.
/ Back on 25 Feet
/ Back of Is to so feet. de-
pending on how big yard you
have. and place stake No. 2 SC
that you bring 1t in line with
stake No. / and the North
Star. Drive in stake No. 2 and
you have your north-south
base line.
! Now take the 10xl0-incf
board and lay off degrees OF
elevation in Quadrants to the
left and right of a perpendicu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-13
Boy, 3, browns

BALTIMORE. Oct. IL (Rl.-
Tedford Lowery. 3. drowned in
q foot Of water while taking
q bath. police reported today.
The child was pronounced dead
on arrival at South Baltimore
General Hospital.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-13

University Observatory, will
demonstrate the technique at
8:l5 pm. Monday in the audi
torium Of the National Acad-
envy Of Sciences, 2101 Consti-
tuition avenue NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-13
Amateurs Encouraged
To Tryo Shot at Sputnik

You don't have to be professional photographer
good picture of Sputnk according to the Society of Photo
graphic Scientists and Engineers
For the first time since launched October Sputnik
and its launching rocket passing the Washington area
at the right time Of day to be The rocket spotted
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09
Carrying
37FeuredLost

LONDON, Jan. 9 (P.-Ship-
ping circles today poste d
missing" after the name of the
l7,124-ton British freighter Nor
dicstar, last heard from Is days
ago in the winter whipped
North Atlantic.
Fear was expressed that the
ship may have foundered with
her crew of 81, most of them
Greeks.
Royal Air Force planes flew
out at dawn, concentrating their
search some 800 miles west Of
Lands End. Ships of all nation
alities doubled lookoutS and
scanned the horizon for some
trace of the Nordicstar.
The missing steamer. bound
from Philadelphia for lie Havre
with a cargo of coal, last mes
saged December q to say she
Expected to arrive on schedule
at the French port January 3.
The ships captain. v. M
Ragg, and her radio operator
were British.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09
Asked to Quit,
Chilean Envoy
To U. S. Says

Mario Rodriguez, Chilean Am
bassador to the United States,
said today he had resigned at
the request of Chile's President
Asked about a report in the
government newspaper La Ma
cion of Santiago that his resig-
nation had been requested. the
Ambassador said:
1T is true. l submitted my
resignation yesterday"
Questioned whether there hac
been any explanation, the Am
bassador said there had beer
none, but added it is "the prerog-
alive of the President" to make
such changes in ambassadors as
he deems proper.
Diplomatic circles here saic
the governments request die
not imply any criticism of Am
bassador Rodriguez but that the
President Of Chile, Gen. Carlos
Obanez. simply wished to make
a change in the Ambassador in
Washington.
Mr.. Rodriguez, a career foreign
service officer. has been Ambas.
sador since February 7. 1856.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09
PRESIDENT HOLDS
CABINET SESSION
ON MESSAGE

President Eisenhower re-
viewed the substance of to-
morrow's state-of-the Union
message with his cabinet at
a 2-hour session this morn
ing.
Press Secretary James c.
Hagerty said the speech
would run about $500 words.
The press secretary indi-
Gated yesterday that most of
the Presidents specific rec
concentrations for legislative
action would be included in
the budget message to be
delivered January 16.
Today he said several"
recommendations" primarily
in the domestic field" would
be included in the state-of-
the-Union message.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09

he were greatly dissatisfied with
President Eisenhower's proposals
to foil Soviet attempts to pene-
trate the Near East.
King Saud is generally identi-
fed with the Egypt yria-Jor-
dan faction in the Near East
he made some $50 million avail
able to Egyptian President Ga
NAL Abdel Nasser soon after the
old Universal Suez Canal Com
'pany was nationalized.
But the Arabian King is also
credited in Washington with
playing a statesmanlike role
during the SueZ crisis, in holding
fiery Arab reactions in check.
Closing of Suez resulted in a
reduction of Saudi-Arabian sales
by more than 80 per cent. That
means a sharp reduction in an
ticipated oil revenues from the
Arabian American Oil Company
tAIamco), which has the oil con-
cession in Saudi Arabia. The
King receives about $500 million
annually in oil royalties.
King Saud thus has a keen
economic interest. like his ira
ditional rival King Falsal of
oil-producing Iraq. in early re-
sumption of traffic through the
Suez Canal.
Topics to be discussed during
the Kings three-day visit here.
from January 80 to February /,
are not yet clearly defined.
President Eisenhower an Il
King Saud probably will talk
over general relations of the
Arab states with each other and
with the United States. infor-
mantS say
But no specific issues are
mentioned.
There is a possibility, however
that the outstanding piece OF
Saudi business will
not be negotiated at all durinI
the visit.
The United States lease on
Dhahran Air Base, built shortly
after World War II and now a
key American bomber base. eX-
lpired last year. Negotiations
were suspended when the Uni
versal Suez Canal Co. was
Mathematical by Col. Nasser.
I King Saud suggested that
they be kept on ice until The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09

development Of privately owned
farms.
Farms Of up to 5 acres are
freed of all obligatory deliveries
to the state. The maximum
progressive tax of 48 per cent on
land of large farms is to be re-
duced to 40 per cent. State pay
ments for hides and wool are to
be raised.
But the statement said prices
for fertilizers. farm machines
and certain industrial products
will be raised this month, and
the price of coal will go UP later
Farms Of all categories will get
bigger credits and individual
farmholders will get facilities for
buying agricultural machines.
Deliveries of building material
will be markedly increased. the
statement added.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09

vital to her interest the preser-
walton of the independence and
integrity of the states of the
Middle East and, if necessary,
will use her armed force to that
end"
Disastrous" VOrys Says
Mr.. Vorys said:
This would give us a vital
interest in every border scrap
in the area without saying a
word about the Communist
menace. l think it would be
disastrous to pass it in its
present form"
One witness today was Rep
resentative Reuss. Democrat of
Wisconsin. The other was Clark
M. Elchelberger, executive d.
rector of the American Associa-
ton for the United Nations, Inc.
Mr.. Reuss complained that
while the Presidents plan does
not violate the U. N. charter, it
fails to envisage use of the Cen
eral Assembly to avoid unilateral
action by the United States if
See MIDEAST, Page Ais
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09

GAVE BIRTH TO FBI

A CRUSADE BY President Theodore
Roosevelt oeoinst political and bust
ness corruption led 10 the birth OF
the FBl in 1908. The third ehopter
Of o 30-port condensation OF the
book. The FBI Story" appears on
The Stor Feature Page, A-5o.
LONGER SKIRTS ore not the only
route to the new look" in clothes.
Elem, The Stor's fashion editor.
writing from New York, gives her
impressions Of the new styles on
Poee BIZ.
THE SAME OLD ROUTES plague
suburbon commuters during rush
hours, despite MoryIond's ambitious
bodybuilding prosrom, George Bev-
eridse soys in the fourth Of series
on Pose AIS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09
Packers Contract
Signed by Hornung

SOUTH BEND, Ind, Jan. 9
up. - Paul Hornung, Notre
Danes star quarterback. signed
IA contract today to play pro-
fessional football with the Green
Bay Packers.
Neither Hornung nor r. W.
Bogda, Packers president, would
announce the salary.
Hornung was a bonus choice
loi the Packers in the National
Football Leagues November sc
draft. He rejected a Canadian
offer by Vancouver.
The 21-year-old star, who won
the Heisman Trophy as the
years top player, will be grad
uated in June.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09
Syria Reported
Getting MICS
Dozen Believed Sent
By Seq in 3 Duys
BY the Associated Press

oy LLc AsbUCAAbCu TIteS
Russia was reported today to
have delivered about a dozer
MIGHT jet fighters to Syria
within the past three days.
The shipment. according tc
diplomatic sources. was made
by sea through the Bosporus and
lDardanelles to the Syrian port OF
Latakia.
1t was understood to be part OF
ia $28 million deal the Syrians
made with Russia some time ago
"a shipment about a month age
delivered to Latakia some small
arms, ammunition and armoreo
cars. Syria previously received
some Soviet tanks.
officials said the Russians ap.
Iparently have adopted a prac.
tice Of shipping direct to Syria
instead Of by way Of Egypt. Many
weapons bound for Syria were
reported destroyed in Egypt dur.
ing the Israeli British French
attacks which began October 20
Informants said the Egyptians
who lost some of their $3.50 mil.
lion worth of Soviet arms in the
same attacks, have not as vel
been-re-supplied with Soviet
weapons.
! officials saw no immediate
serious danger in the arrival Of
MIG fighters in Syria. ever
though they are a later and i'm.
proved model of the old MIG-1s
which the Russians have beer
sending to Egypt and Syria.
They said few Syrians are
capable of flying these Jets
Training new pilots is expected
to take some time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09
Heuss Likely to Visit
u. S. in Mid-Murch

BONN. Germany, Jan. 8 (P)
West German dent
Theodor Heuss probably will
visit the United States this year,
diplomatic sources said today.
American and German au-
thorities are discussing the de-
tails of trip by the 73-year-old
chief of state. They said Mr.
Heuss probably will make the
trip around the middle of March
and will be accompanied by
Foreign Minister Heinrich Won
Brentano.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09
Polish Farm Chief Ousted
In Sweeping Land Reform

WARSAW, Poland, Jan. 9 up
Poland ousted its Minister of
Agriculture today and the Polish
press published sweeping reforms
intended to put its farming in
duStry on a firmer economic
basis.
The radio said Agriculture
Minister Antoni Kuligowski had
been recalled from his post by
the Council of State. and Ed
ward Ochab named to succeed
him.
Mr.. Ochab. a former Commu-
mist president of the Central
Trade Union Committee, was
made boss of the Communist
Party last March. He was re-
placed in that job when Wlady-
slaw Gomulka staged comeback
in the peaceful October revolu-
ton.
A Joint statement by the GEN.
trail committees of the United
Polish Workers Communist
and United Peasants Parties out
lined the measures for agricul-
tural reform.
They include a cut Of one
third in compulsory grain de-
.liveries to the state and l0C
per cent increase in state pay
ments for grain.
In the future the legal rights
of all landholders will be guar
anteed and the right to buy, sell
and lease land less than l25
acres has been reintroduced.
A union Of agricultural associ-
atoms is to be formed with the
aim of looking after farmers
interests, improving the coun-
try's agrarian policy and raising
the general farming standard.
The state will give full support
to peasants and small and me-
dium farmers. at the same time
removing restrictions which
have hindered nrndurti0n and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09

Another snowfall is expected
tonight and it probably won't
melt quickly, the Weather Blu
reau warned today. Forecasters
said driving conditions may be
hazardous tomorrow.
Winters second stable snow
in the Washington area melted
fast today as temperatures rose
toward an expected high of AZ
degrees. Tonight's low will be
in the middle 30s. the bureau
said.
Tonight will be cloudy anc
rainy. and the rain probably will
be mixed with or turn into snow
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09

VA SAAN OiN4GAl AAAoAAS OOAlAAAAb'
tee, criticized the substitute az
inadequate.
Meanwhile. the House commit.
tee heard two witnesses urge
amendments to tie United States
action more closely to the United
Nations if aggression should &C.
cur in the Middle East.
Won't Reveal Source
Mr.. Rayburn received the pro.
posed substitute from a friend
whom he declined to identify ex-
cept as prominent American.
He said it was not former Presi-
dent Truman, former Secretary
of State Acheson or Adlai Ste
venson.
The Speaker said the resolu-
ton struck him as "a sane APP
proach." but added; Il did not
indorse it. 1 have not Endorsed
anything specific. He said he
would turn it over to Chairman
Gordon OF the House committee
Consisting of only one short
sentence. it reads:
The United States regards as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09
Snow Expected onight;
May Pose Driving Peril

the forecast said. Tomorrow will
be colder, it added.
. Last nights wet snow was
measured at IL inches, which
with the fall of Sunday night
gave the District 3.5 inches this
week.
Police and the American Au-
tomobile Association reported
easy sailing everywhere today as
the snow disappeared.
Washington's normal high is
Al degrees. and its normal low
is 20 at this time of the year
Forecasters said temperatures
will average about 3 degrees
under those norms for the next
five days.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09
A-TuIks Due in Moscow

BELGRADE, Yugoslavia. Jan
10 PA Yugoslav delegation
left by plane today for Moscow
to discuss cooperation between
Yugoslavia and Soviet Russia in
peaceful applications for nucleaI
energy. The Soviet Union is to
build an atomic reactor for
! Yugoslavia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09

have the best and most secure
stands they've ever had.
Cabell Gwathmey, director OF
Licenses and Inspections for the
District. said the defects were
due mostly to weathering at the
joints of wooden A-frames in
the sub-structure.
In many cases." Mr.. Gwath-
imey said, 1.-The defects were
covered by paint and we dis
covered them only by probing. "
Col. Mathe said the Coronati
firm had contracted with the
Inaugural Committee to build
stand No. Is for about $4,000,
"A representative of the Coro-
natl firm said the stands were
about eight or nine years old
but offered no objections to
making corrections ordered by
District inspectors.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09
GoIdwoter Offers
Taft Amendment

Senator Goldwater, Republic
an of Arizona, today introduced
a bill to amend the -Hartly
Act to remove the requirement
of a non-Communist oath.
Senator Goldwater said legis-
lation passed in the 83d Congress
giving the Justice Department
authority to act in this field
had done away with the neces-
lsity for retaining the non-Com-
munist oath in the labor-man-
lagement relations law.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09
Britain's Eden Resigns
As Prime Minister
Substitute Mideost Plan
Studied by Democrats
Royburn Won't Reveal Its Source,
But Says Party Isn't Committed
By ]. A. O'LEARY

Speaker Rayburn said today Democrats studying but
committed proposed substitute for President
hower's Middle East resolution.
The substitute is brief declaration Of this countrys in
tereSt the independence integrity Middle
and receS that if necessary armed force would be
that end.
Representative Vorys of Ohio highranking Republican
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-09

Suez affair was settled. The
further complication of the
British French-Israeli invasion
of Egypt sent the whole Near
East into flux. and may delay
Dhahran negotia tions even
longer.
Since the Suez issue is not ex-
pected to be settled before King
Saud gets here. American Off
cials have no reason to expect
a new Dhahran agreement to
come out Of the Washington
visit.
Boundary Dispute
Saudi Arabia's boundary dis
pate with the British-protected
Oman states along the eastern
shores of the Arabian peninsula
will probably get a thorough
airing.
Boundaries in the desert
meant little before the discovery
of oil. Last year, however. a
British-Saudi quarrel developed
over a cluster of villages around
Buraimi oasis.
A three-cornered DISPUTE be-
See SAUD, Page AIS