davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08
REVIEW or THE WEEK
Bad Days at Little Rock

Progress toward school integra-
ton in the South in the fourth
school year since the United States
Supreme Courts momentous de-
cision Of May II, 1854. has been
slow and painful. But there has
been some.
While seven Of the II Southern
and border States-V Virginia.
South Carolina, Alabama. Georgia.
Louisiana, Mississippi and Florida
still maintain segregation, more
than TOO school districts out Of
the approximately 1000 in the
area have been migrated. about
so in the last year.
Some Of the integrated districts
are in Arkansas. That is one rea-
son the Nation was taken by sur
prise last Tuesday when Gov.
Orval E. Faubus called out
the National Guard to pre-
serve peace and order" by bar
ring IS Negro pupils from enter
ing Little Rocks Central High
School, where 1000 whites attend.
The Negroes had been enrolled
after Federal Judge Ronald N.
Davies overruled q State court
and directed the city's school
board to proceed forthwith on a
six-year plan for desegregation.
The Governors astonishing ac-
ton threw down the gauntlet to
the Federal Government and set
UP q test Of whether q States
police power is to prevail against
a Federal court order--this one
backed by q Supreme Court de-
cision. The future course Of school
indignation in the deep South
appeared to hinge on the out
come Of the struggle.
II Gov. Faubus wins the day.
the example obviously viii not be
lost on the Governors Of other
States where the white popula-
ton Overwhelmingly opposes mix
ing Of the races in the public
schools.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08
Significant Speedily

In the meantime, the delivery
Of United States arms and equip
ment TO the Middle East, which
had been progressing at a routine
pace for many months. was
speeded up significantly. Air
Force cargo planes were diverted
to an airlift Of light arms to
Amman. the capital Of Jordan.
Confirming unofficial reports that
spread Immediately after Mr.. Hen
derson's return to Washington,
the State Department said that
I'VE are expediting deliveries to
Middle Eastern countries that
have military assistance agree
nnents with the United States. ="
There were strong indications
that Mr.. Henderson had sue
ceeded in bringing back to WASH
ington a formal request from at
least one Arab nation, perhaps
Lebanon, that the Eisenhower
doctrine be invoked. Both Leba-
non and Jordan we're reported
resisting Syrian efforts to infil-
trate and subvert their govern
ments.
On Tuesday, Beirut authorities
called an emergency meeting Of
the Internal Security Council to
consider proof" that Syria was
involved in extensive subversive
activity inside Lebanon.
Lebanese security officials seized
Is Czechoslovak machine guns,
bearing Syrian Army markings,
concealed In the chassis Of a car
and consigned, police said, to Alb
dullah Yaffir, Lebanese nationalist
leader and disciple Of Egypt's
dictator Canal Abdel Nasser.
AS Mr.. Eisenhower pointed out
by implication at his press con-
ference almost two weeks ago, the
Eisenhower doctrine was not. at
the moment, applicable to the sit
uation in Syria. No nation Of
the Middle East had complained
Of Communist aggression nor re-
quested aid. At the same time,
and through last week end, there
were many signs that Syria was
anxious TO minimize the world
impression that she was veering
sharply toward the Soviet camp.
But the results of the Hender-
son "fact-finding" mission. plus
the sum total Of developments
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08
The Record Elsewhere

Elsewhere in Southern and
border States this was the record
Of the opening Of the school year:
Arlington. va.-Six Negro stu
dents were turned away when
they applied for admittance to
white county schools-three at
Stratford Junior High. two at
Washington and Lee High and
one at Thomas Jefferson High.
Plainclothes county police and
FBI agents stood by. but there
were no demonstrations.
The Negroes were barred under
Virginia's anti-integration law. A
Federal judge has declared the
statute unconstitutional. The Cir
cult Court has upheld him, but
an appeal is under way to the
United States Supreme Court.
Clinton, Tenn.-Rocked last
year by strife over school integra-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08

Injunction against interference
with the Arkansas indignation
plan. But whether the Federal
court can properly require such a
showing by the Governor Of a
State acting in his discretionary
capacity seems insure.
Possible Assumptions
If the Arkansas case develops
into a bona fide Federal-State
court fight, Gov. Faubus might
proceed on several assumptions.
. He may consider his acts as
being in furtherance Of specific
State laws. such as segregation
and education statutes or those
governing the use Of the militia.
and in accordance with the DEGREES
Of Arkansas courts.
. He may consider that he is
acting n his discretionary capacity
as chief executive Of a sovereign
State, exercising only the lawful
powers vested in his office.
In view Of the foregoing legal
considerations, the first line Of
reasoning appears much weaker
than the second. It might have
the advantage Of forcing a three
Judge court into action. one which
might be more sympathetic to the
Governors position. On the other
hand that position would seem
pretty vulnerable due to the doubt
full constitutionality Of the Ar
kansas statutes or his interpreta-
ton Of them.
The second approach-which is
the one Gov. Faubus seems TO be
taking--is based on the broad and
universally acknowledged duty OF
a chief executive to maintain law
and order within his jurisdiction.
Courts rarely interfere in such
cases; the existence Of a mani
fest abuse" Of executive discre-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08
Making the Rounds

DISSEMINATING from his plane
at Washington's National Airport,
Mr.. Henderson handed a thick
sheaf Of hand-written notes to
William M. Rountree, Assistant
Secretary Of State for Near East
Affairs. He had conferred, in his
swift rounds Of Middle East
capitals. with Turkish President
Celal Bayar and Premier Adnan
Menderes. with Lebanon's Presi-
dent Camille Glamour, Premier
Sami es-Solh. and Foreign Minis
ter Charles Malik. with Kings
Feisal Of Iraq and Hussein Of
Jordan. and with the American
Ambassadors to al the affected
nations.
Next day the State Department,
after studying Mr.. Henderson's
report and talking with him at
length. confirmed his airport APP
praisals. His report, the depart
ment spokesman said. voiced deep
concern that Syria might quickly
become q victim Of international
communism and as such q base
for further threatening the inde-
pendence and integrity Of the
region"
There was Q strong hint that
the time might be nearing for the
use Of the Eisenhower doctrine
that statement Of United States
policy adopted last March 9 by
Congress empowering the Presi-
dent, at his discretion, to send
military aid to any Middle East
nation requesting help against
Communist aggression.
Yesterday the President him.
self interrupted . vacation at
Newport's plush beach resort to
nv back to Washington for q
conference with Secretary Of
State Dulles and Mr.. Henderson.
The two diplomats were prepared
with q series Of recommendations
. for the Chief Executives con-
sideration.
After two hours Of talk. Mr..
Dulles told reporters that the
President had approved accelera-
ton In American arms deliveries
to friendly Middle East states. and
had "reanirmed" his intention to
carry out the Eisenhower Doctrine.
Mr.. Eisenhower also expressed
hope, the Secretary said. that the
Soviet Union would not push
Syria into aggression" against her
neighbors.
The economic agreement, made
in Moscow between the Kremlin
and q Syrian mission headed by
Defense Minister Khaled el Azem.
and Fakher al Kayyali, Public
Works Minister, is now thought
to involve an amount. over a long
term, of closer to 1854 million
than the $l40 million originally
mentioned. 1t involves q compre-
hensive development Of Syrian
resources, plus Soviet agreement
to purchase most Of Syria's grain
SURPRISES. The projects envisaged
will, in many cases. take a decade
or more to complete. For details
of another Soviet move, see story
by Paul Wohl on Page A-27)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08

Federal officers had been tapping
his phone. Mr.. Eisenhower re-
minded the Governor that the
Arkansas National Guard was uni
formed, armed and partly paid
from funds supplied by the Fed
eral Government.
The Little Rock School Board.
In q surprise move, asked Judge
Davies to stay his order for imme-
date indignation temporarily
until "calmness is restored" and
the emotional agitation" is ended.
The judge said he would hold a
hearing on the matter Saturday
morning.
FRIDAY
Gov. Faubus, in another tele-
gram to the President, offered to
show to the United States At
torney and FBI the evidence
upon which he acted in calling
out the Guard to bar violence.
Attorney General Brownell di-
rected the FBI to receive any
such evidence. The Governor also
told Mr.. Eisenhower: II shall CO.
operate in upholding the consti-
buttons Of Arkansas and the Ma
ton"
SATURDAY
Judge Davies rejected a Lit
tie Rock School Board motion
for a temporary stay of his inte-
grafton order with this sharp
statement: In organized society.
there can be nothing but confu-
sion and chaos II court DEGREES
are Haunted. whatever the pre-
text"
Mr.. Eisenhower and Mr.. Brow
nell conferred at the White House
but reached no decisions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08

morrow or Tuesday does not hack
up the Governors allegation that
the Guard troops prevented GER
tain violence.
A ruling by Judge Davies late
yesterday in denying q temporary
stay Of his indignation order, as
requested by the Little Rock
School Board. appeared to have
placed the monkey on the back
Of the Eisenhower administration
But Gov. Faubus may have one
more play UP his sleeve. He could
appeal q Davies finding against
him on the troop issue to the
Circuit Court Of Appeals.
This is how the events in Little
Rock unfolded:
TUESDAY
On orders Of Gov. Orval E.
Faubus, 27O National Guardsmen
and so State troopers ringed
Central High School to preserve
peace and order" The city's
school board, interpreting the
Governors action as designed to
maintain segregation, advised the
Negro students not to try to enter
the school and appealed to United
States District Judge Ronald N.
Davies for instructions. Judge
Davies, for the second time since
last Friday, ordered indignation to
proceed forthwith. The FBI. on
the judges request, began an In
vestigation Of the alleged danger
Of violence cited by the Governor.
WEDNESDAY
Troops barred nine Negro stu
dents who attempted to enter the
school. A crowd Of 500 persons
gathered outside. and jeers and
epithets were shouted at the coll
cred teen-agers.
Gov. Faubus wired President
Eisenhower. on vacation at New
port, r. J.. stating he had received
reports Federal officials were plan
ming to arrest him and that he
believed his telephone was being
tapped by United States Govern
ment men.
Mayor Woodrow Wilson Mann
Of Little Rock blasted the Cover
nor for creating tensions where
none existed" in calling out the
Guard to prevent indignation in
the school.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08
THURSDAY

Mr.. Eisenhower. in a curt reply
to Gov. Faubus. warned the
Arkansas chief executive that he
would uphold the Federal Consti-
tuition by every legal means at
my command" The President de-
MED there was any plan afoot
to arrest the Governor or that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09

followed them. Not exactly. Mac told himself. He'd
accidentally run into them in Beirut = with plaus-
ible reason. Hart owned stock in corporation with
Middle East oil holdings; things in that
uneasy and ST. John pronounced "sinjin,' Mac
thought irrabIy gifted troube-shooter. He did
speak some Arabic - if not Siamese. Arabic - Mac
thought with kind Of fury - and French that made
his own collegiate stammer ridiculous; German too.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09

Mac had intended to go straight to the hotel; he
changed his mind. Talisman would be there: but
probably would Hartley St. John. A watch already
logged by the hot damp air said eeven-ffteen.
They'd be in the bar together = enjoying Singapore
gin sling and having fun trying figure what the
That's were saying and doing on TV. Or maybe Hart
spoke SiameSe.
Hart St. John had not accompanied them =
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1957-08-29
Weuther Working
Muqic With Cotton

The same dry, hot weather that
has been causing city folk to
swelter has worked magic with
the Mississippi cotton crop in the
last two weeks. It's been a life
saving break, especially in the
Delta where 10000 of the states
100000 cotton acres are located.
The favorable weather allowed
the second full week of work in
tn fields.
AS result, cotton stands gen
orally were reported clean, with
indications that continued good
weather will see the crop, in the
main, laid by"
Weevil infestation is not too Sc
we're, and wind damage from Hur-
ricane Audrey, although "consid-
cradle now, is not believed to
have been as serious as it appear
ed Immediately after the blow.
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1957-08-29
LIGHTNING DOES REPEAT

Edmund, Okla.-That old say
ing that lightning never strikes
twice in the same place has no
meaning for Vernon L. Beechman,
local fireman. Beechman rushed
to the scene when lightning hit a
house and set it afire. BY the time
he arrived, rain had extinguished
the blaze. While Beechman and
another fireman were on the roof
patching hole, lightning struck
Beechman, bounced off his fire
helmet and ran down his side.
Shaken but unhurt, he was adj
mitted to hospital for observa-
ton.
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1957-08-29
HELP WANTED

Neat. aggressive. Ambitious
sales person to call on ap-
pointed clients in Forest Coun-
tY. Earnings in excess of
$l05.00 weekly. This is a year
around job for the right per-
son. We are not a fly by night
organization. Must have car
Write full particulars to Gar
land McLemore. p. 0. Box
1885. Jackson. Miss.
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1957-08-29

THOSE FRIGHT TO WORK
LAWS - We have had occasion
over the months to make refer
ence to the so-called right-to-
work laws now before many
state legislatures. We pass on
without comment some recent
remarks by Prof. Reinhold Me
buhr, the prominent Protestant
theologian.
'The purpose of the 'right-to-
work laws, which now exist in
Is of our states and are proposed
in others, is very clear. These
laws are intended to prevent the
union shop, a contractual ar
rangement between management
and labor which gives the union
security.
''The real purpose of the =
laws is to accomplish this weak
ening of labor under the guise
of preserving Or restoring the
individual liberties of our demo-
cratic society,".
'The implausibility of the So
called 'right-to-work' laws is so
obvious that one must come to
the conclusion that their propon-
ents are either stupid or dishon-
est in their pretensions."
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1957-08-29
Wutch On The
POTOMAC
by
Robt. G. Spivack

ABOUT IVA AND TAXES -
IT'S now more than 20 years
since the creation by Franklin
D. Roosevelt of the Tennessee
Valley Authority. The IVA is
the largest publicly owned cleo
trio system in the United States
and, as consequence, has been
the No. 1 target of private utll-
ity company critics.
The one charge repeated over
and over by Twas detrators IS
that the "TVA doesn't pay
taxes" While some critics are
fair enough to admit that IVA
does make certain payments IN
lieu of taxes to local and state
Governments, they insist that
cheap electric power results from
its failure to pay federal income
taxes.
During the current session of
Congress the question of taxes
has been upper-most in the
minds of the lawmakers. Some
Of the nations biggest businesses
have been getting special tax
benefits; some of the U. S. oil
companies operating in the Mid
ole East haven't paid income
taxes here in several years.
Since many friends of IVA
have also. been critics of Big
Business for it's failure to pay
what they consider a fair"
share of national taxes, the BUSH
uess retort about IVA has ma
turally stung them to the quick.
What are the hard, easily-est-
blished facts about IVA?
The magazine Public Power
las compiled chart which tells
the story at glance. This IS it:
iva Record of
% Years Operation
Gross power revenue - 81 ,238,
100000.
Less all power costs (mainten-
.ance and operation, depreciation,
atc.) $366,000,000.
Less Interest (about 2fo) Sl63,
100000.
Less federal income taxes that
private power companies would
have paid into U. S. Treasury
S140,OOO,O00
Net profit to the nation S43,-
100000.
In making this computation,
the public power statisticians
were pretty generous in estlmat-
ing the amount of taxes that
would be paid by the private
power companies. Fast tax
write-offs and other privileges
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1957-08-29

Now you can buy carpet by the
square foot, instead of having to
translate your measurements into
square yards. The change should
end confusion and waste for the
homemaker.
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1957-08-29

were not even taken into ac-
count.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22

QE.I.sl
Fii%egde
NEW YORK CITY M. M.
Lindsey, PRECEDING elder Of the
Gainesville, Fla, District, pre-
ferred charges this week against
D. Ward Nichols, Of the 18th
Epi-copal District of the A. M. E.
Church. The action took place here
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22

Bishop |
his actions have been according to
the laws of the AME Church. He
has no fear that he will not be
cleared of the charges.
There is no truth to the rumor
hat Bishop Nichols has been SUE
pesded. No action can e taken
until the case is heard.
It is reported that Rev. Lind
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22
- Of the bill short cut the
.o,. -. islation and brought hot pro
showed and he WAS renri-

manded by Bishop Nichols for the
decline.
The recent firing of Edward
Waters president, DR.. w. B.
Stewart has no connection with
the charges against the bishop.
n N -
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22
Educational Board, the Brother
hood and the Correctional Coun-
Gil.

were filed Bishop Nichols an
nounced to the group that he
would not function in his official
capacity until the charges are
cleared.
One bishop and four elders will
hear the trial within two week.
and decide whether or not the
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22

i sskhks,E.,aEb.e
.an1
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22

! g N
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22

4 IL 4
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22

be broken only by exhaustion or
by vote of "a Of the 90 senators.
a -
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22

Rv I
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22

can move for debate on the mea-
sure.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22

j 20 |
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22

! u
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22

uAnQIll
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22

34th YEAR, NO. -
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22

SATURDAY, JUNE 2
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22

MIAMI, FLO
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22

o-01
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22

\ SAA>E~
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22

!. lEnbx[.Il!]
4138HE:
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1957-06-22

= -<WzE2
, 1857 rs PAGES m CENTS
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1957-07-24

Twelve Novy snip, steamed
100000 miles dur'ns An;.rc.Ic
Operation Deep Fle,le Two.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1957-07-24
Sheep Growers
May Apply
For Payments

CLEMSON-Under proviSiU Is
of the National Wool Act oi
1854, the U. 5. Department ot
Agriculture announced in Janu-
AIRY OF this year thG. the provi-
visions of the 1851 program
would apply TO wool ana lambs
marketed during the period Apr
il |, 1857. TO March 81, 1858, in
elusive.
The Shorn WOO incentive price
for the 1857 marketing year
will be 81 cents per pound. The
payments on sh1rn wool and
lambs marketed tnat have never
been ShOrn are baSCu on this
incentive price.
Haley NJ. Jameson, Clemson
Extension sheep specialist, points
out that this docs ntl mean tina.
every sheep grower who markets
wool for less than e. cents per
pound will receive enough n
CCntiNC payment % bring h.s
payments up to al average o.
81 cents, nor docs I mean that
the growers who market their
wool for more than 62 cents
viii not receive Payment.
He has prepared the following
explanation of hoy the program
works. The rate O. ...ymCnt viii
toe the percentage Oh the nation
al average price received by pro-
ouccrS required t. bring sucl
national average priIc up to tn,
announced incentive price. For
example. il tie reported national
average price received by pre-
.ducCrS for wool solo during the
1857 marketing Nca should be
80 cents, the difference between
that figure and Inc incentive
price Of g. -cntS prey iouSly an
n"unccd would DC - cents. ana
inns figure would constitute "a
percent of the national average
price of % cent. In such q case
the rate of incentive payment
would be "a percent of the net
sales proceeds received by eacn
producer.
Each producer who owns lambs
I"r 80 days or moro md sells the
lambs UnsnOrn VII be eligible
tor payment.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1957-07-24
HOMECOMING DAY

The sixth annual Homecoming
Day celebration Hlll be ncld al
Falrview Center. Ridgeway, on
Sunday. August 9Th, according
to announcement from the ad-
ministration office at Fairview.
Fhirview opened in August
1851, with four patients. Suce
then l,400 male patients nave
been admitted as resident Pc
tients, and about ECO men and
women have been traated in the
weekly clinIc held at FaIrvlew
for those who caI,nol remain in
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1957-07-24
HOME &c TEACHERS

Rock Hill - approximately
IT'S teachers OF hUrne economics
education in South Carolina
high schools will Sdthcr here
Monday through Friday. Ju.v
p2-26 for their annual home
making conference. Mrs. Julia
Jones of EStill. chairman of the
conference planning committee
has announced.
Program plans with aims and
obJeCtiveS of homo economies
education for the coming year
will be presented 1na discussed
during the conference, according
to DR.. Alma Bentley OF Column
bia, state supervisor of hcmc
economics education.
The opening session at 1915
Monday morning will feature an
address on the conference theme,
"A Forward Look in Home Ec-
ono,nicS," by DR.. Catherine Den
mis- of Raleigh, N. C., state SUD-
ervisor of home economies edu-