davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-11

named for the Senator's
grandfather.
But the remoteness Of the
place-60-plus miles from the
nearest city with commercial
airline service, Austin-has
not In the past discouraged
either the upper crust Of the
national Democratic Party or
the press, radio. television or
newsreels from descending
on the ranch In large num-
bers.
Many party VIPs win be
dropping in this fall to ex-
perience the johnson hos
pitality, to splash in the out
door pool which q complex
array of water heaters keep
at a comfortable temperature
regardless Of weather. to gaze
on the pastoral sight Of sheep
grazing on rolling hillsides
surrounding the house and.
most important. to talk poll
itics.
Guests Numerous
The ranch guest book
the most unlikely one in
existence - contains the
names Of almost every
body important in Democratic
politics. Each guests name
is written, with the date Of
the visit. into q one-foot
square block Of wet cement.
The Johnsons plan to make
a front walk from these
blocks-a sort Of Grauman's
Chinese Theater Of the wide
open spaces.
The names Of visitors to
date are numerouS-Adlai
Stevenson, House Speaker
Sam Rayburn. Gov. Averell
Hartman, Senators Richard
Russell, Robert 8. Kerr,
Stuart Symington, George
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-11

the woman whom intimates
find charming.
Now that Lord Altrincham
has blown his top. Elizabeth
has only to inject the slight
est bit Of humor or person
atty into her next remarks
here to have everybody leap
to her defense. In short, she
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-11

can win America over now
as never before.
His lordship may have done
her a favor.
-
AMERICANS DON'T
REALIZE II but British roy
atty have been coming to
Continued on Page Ola. Col.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-27
METRO Of Tomorrow @s@1$&&$<$3e ~
Potomac Is Key to Future Water Supply

A family In washington's metropolitan
area may pay any one Of rs different rates
for It's, household water.
II you live IN Alexandra and use 1000
gallons Of water month. you get an annual
bill Of sSs.So. In the District, you pay only
$500 II you live Just outside Falls Church.
you are charged $as.e4: your neighbors Just
inside the city limits pay only $4i.e0. In
Montgomery County, you pay $246S; In
Rockville. $2040, II you live in Fairfax
County YOU pay any one Of 10 different bills
which range from $24 TO $64sO.
These cost differences are cited not
merely to emphasize that water bills vary
greatly among the many communities which
make up the metropolitan area--referred 10
as the metro" in this series. The true
significance Of the differences Is that they
illustrate the chaotic, piecemeal pattern Of
Washington area water development at q
time when the areas growth prospects are
making the various communities increas-
ingly dependent on one another.
Some parts Of the area, 1t Is true,
already rely heavily on their neighbors for
water. Some have large expansion pro-
individual future needs. But lack Of fore
sight has left others with shaky water
supplies and prospects Of huge indebtedness
In the near future. In some cases. the
struggle for water has brought conflicts
which have Jurisdictions ct each others
throats.
This patchwork character Of water
supply and distribution would be less I'M
portant II the Washington metro were full
grown. Then each jurisdiction could con-
tinue indefinitely TO struggle with It's own
problems In its own way. But the WASH
ington metro is in the midst Of tremendous
expansion and urbanization, and every day
1t becomes more apparent that the old
individual problems are becoming common
regional problems The problems raise ques-
tons which fall into three rough groups.
They are:
4 win there be enough water TO go around.
L. and viii present safeguards be adequate
to protect regional sources Of drinking
water from pollution in the future?
- How win expensive new water systems
=. be provided? Can new pumping stations
and fltering plants be built more econom-
ically by spreading the costs over the
residents Of several Jurisdictions Could
such regional programs cut rates. improve
service and result In the best possible
quality Of water?
z How win water programs determine the
O' future shape Of the regional commu-
nity7 VIII they permit part Of the area to
shoot ahead while others lag behind? Or
win they encourage an orderly, planned
growth throughout the region7
These questions are important elements
In Washington's total problem Of urban
growth. Let's see how they affect the DIFF
ferent Jurisdictions Of the metro area and
the people who live In them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-27
The Prospects

1t would be blind optimism of the high
est order even to suggest that Washington's
metro jurisdictions will resolve all their con-
fiicts, and happily work together on unified
regional water system for the future.
That, however, does not eliminate the
fact that area jurisdictions are being drawn
closer together by their mutual reliance on
the Potomac River for future expansion.
And it does not reduce the possibility that
this common source may suggest new oppor-
tunitieS and incentives for joint agreements
to meet future water demands.
The most challenging possibilities lie
in opportunities for new political arrange
ments between jurisdictions. in which they
would pool their resources in common water
facilities to save money and increase eff
cheney.
The most drastic possibility is true
regional authority, which might cover the
several jurisdictions just as the Washington
Suburban Sanitary Commission covers
Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties.
Such an authority would collect water, pur-
ify it. distribute it and bill all the users at a
common rate.
Is such a drastic step feasible? Most
area officials doubt it, because needs vary
so greatly among jurisdictions. 1t is difficult
to set up a unified system among jurisdic-
tons, they say, unless the needs Of the
Jurisdictions are comparable.
They see much more hope in regional
pumping stations and purifying plants on
the Potomac, from switch various jurisdic-
tons could draw their own water, distribute
1t through their own water mains and then
collect their own water bills
When Fairfax County goes to the
Potomac for water it must decide whether
to build its own plants or buy purified water
from someone else. Some county officials
lean toward the idea Of a separate county
plant. Yet WashingtonS Dalecarlia plant,
officials say. can meet all of virginias future
water needs to the year 1875. on the basis Of
Dalecarlia expansion programs already
projected.
With both Virginia and Maryland turn
ing to the Potomac, would there be savings
If both pooled their resources in a common
plant? Could Maryland as well as Virginia.
save money by drawing on the Dalecarlia
plant for some of its expansion needs?
Questions like these will grow in i'm
portance as the cost Of providing water
and the demand for it-continues to in
crease. Metro Washington will never get
the answers to them, 6hless 1t ashR
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-27

Suburban Maryland's water picture is as
different from the chaos in Virginia as night
is from day.
Montgomery and Prince Georges
Counties have expanded steadily outward
from the District line. Some planners. feel
the growth has been too intensive; that in
spots 1t has caused serious overcrowding and
congestion which could have been avoided
by better planning. There is little question,
however, but that the pattern of growth has
been greatly influenced by the water and
sewer line extensions Of the powerful, am
bilious Washington Suburban Sanitary
Commission.
The Commission is metro washinlaons
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-27
Virginio's Problems
The water PROGRAMS Of vlrginia's fO

The water programs Of Virginia's four
big Jurisdictions - Arlington, Alexandria,
Fairfax and Falls Church-present a sharp
contrast of efficiency and chaos. They DEM
onstrate both the benefits Of advance plan
ming and the nightmarish problems Of too
little action too late.
Arlington County, with an area Of "a
square miles, is the stable member Of the
metro community. With only l6 per cent
OF its land area still vacant, 1t has passed
its peak of urbanization. It's distribution
system is scheduled for expansion, as
needed to bring water from the Districts
Dalecarlia plant to future county residents.
Alexandria is at the crossroads. Served
by the privately owned Alexandria Water
Co., the city is considering its acquisition
as a municipal operation. Such a move
would require the city to take over the entire
system, including Occoquan facilities and
watermains through Fairfax County. The
issue is being forced by the private COM
pany's bid for a substantial rate increase.
SPRAYING Fairfax County, with 90 per
cent of Northern Virginias land area and
only 40 per cent Of its population, Is in des-
perate straits. The only jurisdiction in
metro Washington which does not have an
organized water system, Fairfax has Jagged
In orderly growth. Clusters Of development
are served by their own small systems.
mostly privately owned depending on wells
and to an increasing degree on water bought
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-27
THE HUMAN SIDE
Regional problems In the health
and welfare fields will be the subject
Of next Sundays article.

sure Of the adequacy Of the common water
source. And conversely, the most efiicient
storage-dam program cannot be planned
unless 1t is geared closely to the future
demands Of. each Jurisdiction.
All Jurisdictions which use the Potomac
may well have to contribute to the costs Of
whatever dams are needed. So they have
direct financial stake in the decisions.
. Unified support win be needed TO sell any
dam program. The Army Engineers pro-
posal Of a huge dam at River Bend. for ex-
ample. has stirred bitter controversy.
Whether this, or some other plan. is the
right answer is something all jurisdictions
should help determine.
. The possibilities OF recreational develop
ment in connection with dams-possibilitie
. barely thought OF as yet In metro WASH
ington-also are of concern TO the whole
region.
. The firmest kind Of cooperative action
will be necessary to protect metro drinking
water from pollution Great pressures al
ready are building up, for example, for In
tensive development along the Potomac
shores To what extent should Maryland
and Virginia restrict such development?
What are the common standards they should
follow to enforce zoning2 These are ques-
tons that can be answered only II the
various jurisdictions are willing to talk
together about them. Thus far, they have
been too involved with their own problems
to do it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-27

prime example Of an efficient regional
authority, operating without regard TO the
political boundaries Of Montgomery and
Prince Georges Counties. In operation since
1918 the WSSC sends water to 100000 resi-
dents Of the two counties, and charges the
same domestic rates to them all. -
BY the year 1000, WSSC officials expect
to be serving IL million people. To do it,
they have announced plans to start con-
struction next year Of giant plant that viii
tap the Potomac near Watts Branch
Eventually, the $28 million plant is expected
to provide 100 million gallons Of water day
double the amount it now gets from the
Patuxent The Watts Branch site, however,
is highly controversial Some Maryland
planners, as well as civic groups, are
vigorously fighting the location, and pro-
pose that an alternate site near Great
Falls be selected.
While Maryland has no counterpart Of
the bitter Fairfax-Falls Church conflict, 1t Ii
not without duplication in water programs.
For about two miles downriver from the
proposed WSSC plant on the Potomac at
Watts Branch, the town of Rockville tive
months ago began construction Of its own
pumping station and filtration plant. The
$26 million plant, to be finished next year,
will have capacity Of 4 million gallons
day, with expansion possibilities to double
that.
WSSC officials frankly say they would
like to have absorbed Rockville in their own
system. Rockville decided to 60 it alone
because it frankly wants no part of the big
commission, and because it was unable to
negotiate satisfactory deal to buy water
wholesale from WSSC.
If both the Rockville and WSSC Potomac
plants are completed, as planned, neverthe-
less, they will present the incongruous pic
ture of parallel water systems, serving the
same general area.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-27
The Supply

It seems ridiculous even TO suggest that
the Washington area-r1o matter how big It
gets-ever could run out Of water. And
officials emphasize that such a crisis need
never occur. Yet a growing number are
convinced that 1t will occur-perhaps within
the next two decades-unless steps are taken
to prevent it.
The main reason for their concern Is
that metro Washington has reached q stage
In its development where almost all future
growth viii depend upon q single water
source-the Potomac.
Therefore, they say, steps must be taken
to store water in the Potomac River by
use Of dams, so that future needs can be
met, especially during summers when the
river runs low and demand runs high.
Up to now, the Washington metro has
been able to rely exclusively on a great
variety Of water sources. Here is a thumb
nail sketch Of those sources:
DISTRICT OF CoLUMBIA-Potomac
River. Huge conduits carry raw water from
Great Falls to the Dalecarlia treatment
plant on Macarthur boulevard near the
District line huge new pumping station
Is under construction with District funds on
the Potomac at Little Falls, about mile
upriver from Dalecarlia.
ARLINGTON COUNTY-Potomac River
Purified water from Dalecarlia Is carried
across the Potomac In Arlington-owned con-
duits, suspended from Chain Bridge. Arling-
ton pays the District 10 cents for each 1000
gallons Of water.
FALLS CHURCH-Potomac River Falls
Church taps the Arlington conduits at
Chain Bridge, and uses its own pipeline
system from that point. 1t pays Arlington
loh cents per 1000 gallons.
MONTGOMERY PRINCE GEORGES
COUNTIES-Patuxent River Nearly all resi-
dents are served by the bicounty WASH
ington Suburban Sanitary Commission,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-27

which draws water from two ehs-billion-
gallon Patuxeht reservoirs at Brighton Dam.
near Ashton. and Rocky Gorge Dam. near
Laurel. Exceptions are about $4,000 resi-
dents served by privately owned wells, and
the town Of Rockville. Rockville has Its
own system, currently served by wells, sup
plemented by water bought from WSSC.
-oceoquan Greek. about
IL miles south Of Alexandria Water Is
provided entirely by private pront-making
firm, the Alexandria Water Co.
FAIRFAX COUNTING dominant
source. Many residents have private wells.
Many are served directly by Falls Church
and by the Alexandria Water Co. Three
towns-Herndon. Fairfax and Vienna-have
their own systems. fed By wells and sup
plemented by Falls Church water. Other
scattered communities are served by Is
privately owned water companies These
companies rely on wells, or the Alexandria
Water Co., or both.
But most Of the old sources, like the
Patuxent and the Occoquan, have produc-
ton limits that already are in sight Com
munity wells, adequate to serve rural areas
Of the past. are drying up under urban de-
velopment. Both Maryland and Virginia
communities. able to ignore the Potomac In
the past. have plans to tap it in the near
future.
The Army Engineers, responsible for
assuring an adequate Potomac supply, are at
work on a long-range study to determine
the ultimate water demand. maintenance Of
a year-round dependable supply. and the
type and location Of dam facilities needed
to meet the needs
The biggest question mark Is the amount
Of water that win be siphoned from the
river to irrigate Maryland and Virginia
orchards and farms along the upper
stretches of the Potomac. For every gallon
that is taken out will be one less gallon
available for Washington area consumers.
How serious is this threat?
Engineer officials say that II all the
farmland along the Potomac were irrigated
to its full potential. there would not be q
drop of water left in the river during dry
spells at Great Falls-the point at which the
Potomac Is tapped for Washington area
water. No one knows whether irrigation will
hit this peak. But even the possibility Is a
graphic measure Of the threat
Even apart from the irrigation threat,
however, officials predict that metro water
consumption alone will be so huge 1t will
exceed dependable river supplies. One
interim study, in fact, estimates that II the
Potomac were to reach the record low flow
registered In 1890, it would fall short by
more than 100 million gallons Of meeting
the peak-day consumption demand that
might be expected in 1880. And this esti-
mate includes the maximum supplies Of
water from the Patuxent and Occoquan.
Predictions such as these are hotly dis
puted by some other students Of the
problem. But when there is any expert
doubt about its future water supply, no
community can ignore the situation.
II the Army Engineers are at work on
the supply problem, why should area iuris-
dictions concern themselves with it? This is
question some officials today are asking.
There are several answers to IL:
Jurisdictions cannot make realistic plans
for water system expansion unless they are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-02
Oils and Stee|s
Lift Stocks in
Active Trading

NEW YORK. May 2 CP).-oils
and steels led the stock market
to a good advance in active trad
ing early this afternoon. Key
issues rose fractions TO 3 points.
The rise in the oils. according
to Wall street sources, was due
to elimination of major uncer-
tainties about the Middle East
situation for the moment and to
Improved earnings by some oil
companies. Also there were ru-
mors Of possible mergers.
Some chemicals did well. Rails
made small advances.
The market, on average. was
again moving close to its 1857
high reached in January.
Standard Oil New Jersey
backed away slightly after an
nouncing its was paying a divi-
dend Of IS cents.
Amerada advanced around 8
points. Gulf Oil more than 2.
Kerr-McGee, Royal Dutch and
Sinclair around q point or bet
ter.
Bethlehem Steel was up
around a point. as was Youngs-
town Sheet. United States Steel
rose a major fraction. Lukens
Steel dropped more than a point.
Corporate bonds rose fraction
ally. Government bonds were
steady.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-02
ODD-LOT DEALINGS

NEW YORK, May Z M1.--Tha New
York Stock Exchange reported today
these odd lot transactions By principal
chases Of abO,0Oa shares. sales Of
leis.esl shares ineiudins l.2s0 sharsS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-02
BUSINESS
BRIEFS

Bank Clearings in rs leading
cities in the week ended May
l totaled $23, 688, Ala, 900, COM
pared with $40. 1892. 709 900 in the
previous week and $23.245, 907,-
900 in the like week a year ago.
Dun IL Bradstreet.
Business Loans by member
banks In the week ended April
"a totaled $3O.92S. 900 900. down
SITS million from the previous
week but UP $3.50, 900, 900 from
the like week a year ago.-Fed.
eral Reserve Board.
Crude Petroleum Production in
the week ended April Is averaged
1886. $50 barrels daily, down IA
800 for the week and compared
with 7.146,000 in the like week
a year ago.-American Petroleum
Institute.
G. r. Kinney Co. April sales
totaled 1855. 900. up 958es from
1856; for 4 months $l5.856 900,
up 1929 from 1856.
Chesapeake q Ohio Rwy. in 4
months ended April 80 earned
SIC. $500 or $2.46 q share VS..
$40. 27l 900 or $3.50 in 1856
period.
United States Lines in year
ended December 81 earned SIS
873.l30 or 1919 q share VS..
$8.6S2.883 or 1884 in 1855.
United Merch. & Mfgs. In Q
months ended March 81 earned
$7.041. 900 or $1.l8 a share VS..
So. 100000 or SALT in 1856
period.
American Motors Corp. in 6
months ended March 81 had q
loss Of $5.332.47l VS.. q loss Of
1927. 554 in 1856 period.
LOew's, Inc. in % weeks ended
March IL earned 50, 729, 24S or 81
cents a share VS.. 81. ee9.843 or So
cents in 1856 period.
Other earnings included:
Fer 3 Months Ended March 81
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-02
CHICAGO GRAIN

CHICAGO. May . On.--Buying entered
the wheat market on the Board Of Trade
today and prices advanced fractionaily
% Is much as one cent after sufferins
losses the past several days.
Buying stemmed from news that Is
cergoes OF wheat had been shipped over
nient 70 Turkey and Yugoslavia from
,,ss coast ports. This. tosether with
s sne rau snlpmsnt OF 90 cars Of the bread
export trade, brousht some strength "a
Near The end Of the FIRST hour old
rnet was 70 cent higher: May So Is,
- .s9T. oats were UNCHANGED 10 !:
,niener. NAY 67ss.. rye was q 10 z
niSner May $i.lsA, sonbeans were 4
70 can = nif ,ns MAY ss :4os+; and lard was
dred pou noSs' May "a s ssn!s hishsr hun
Corn was slirhtly lower In early
DEALINGS on scattered commission house
se!ling, apparently Influenced BY profit
taxing. Around IS. 900 bushels, moved
cut Of chicaso By barge overniahi foI
Baton Rouge. La.
eoybeans nrmed somewhat ON advices
mat z lake steamer containing 10000
bushels Of the Grain. had left Chicago
!nfluensed By Stssdiness in distant soy.
Oats were frmer at the start on indi-
suas, this country viii have relatively
that hampersd seedinT. traders feel
tn, that much aerease intended for oats VIII
Rye was little higher on local short
Recent selling in wheat has been
PROMPTED BY waShlngton report that
the administration plans 70 make the
nrst move within the next IN DAYS IN
. new drive to lower price supports.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-02
ChrysIer,Ford
Output Gains,
GIN Declines

DETROIT. May 2 R.-The
auto industry's big three" built
$3.50 more cars in the first
four months Of 1857 than in the
same period Of 1856.
All Of the increase was by
Chrysler and Ford. General Mo-
tors production was down
'171.825 cars.
Production figures Cor the
January-April period were an
nounced yesterday by all three
companies. The total was g.
I279.450 cars against 2,l94, 020
for 1856.
General Motors reported a
January-April passenger car
total Of l.086.779 against 1885,
6O4 year ago.
Ford reported 561.454 cars
built in the first four months
against 483.90l a year ago.
Chrysler's total production rose
to 584.S52 from 336,Sl8 in the
like 1856 period.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-02
New Roadway Tested

PITTSBURGH, May 2 R1.-
Jones q Laughlin Steel Corp.
yesterday disclosed building Of an
experimental pre-stressed con-
crete roadway which 1t said may
have q revolutionary effect on
present methods Of highway con-
struction." Extensive tests are to
be made on the 600-foot stretch
OF highway. near Pittsburgh.