davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-16
1858.
4: Recent building permits issued
in Prince Georges County in
clude:

Cluue.
Hendricks Bros. ASH Oliver ST.. Riv-
.erdage, owners and builders: four dwell
.ings in Berwyn Heights; cost, s. 900
each
Adelphi Recreation. Inc, Sill 23d
ave, Adelphi. owners. Guild Ems, Inc
builders; swimming pool at 1900 Riggs
I'D Adelphi. cost. $50 600
George Lowell, 7o02 College Heights
DR.. Hyattsvllle, owner and builder
dwelling on Lowell dr. College Heights
cost. sos. 900
S. F Csnova. 2e03 Apache st.. Nv
.attsyille. owner; Malcolm Bros. Inc
builder. dwelling al 2o27 Forest Dale
ar Hillandaie: cost. S2500O
William s, Raby Washington. owner.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-21

assistance in le47, Greece and
Turkey would have succumbed
to Communist power.
Had 1t not been for our assist
ance sinie l948. the determine
ton Of Yugoslav leaders and
people to develop their nation in
dependently Of Moscow might
not have survived.
Had 1t not been for our assist
ance in 1854. strategic Wet Nam
and Southeast Asia would prob
ably be lost today to the free
world.
Today in Korea and Free
China our assistance helps pre-
serve national will and inde-
Ipendence under the very muzzles
of Communist guns.
Today in the Middle East our
assistance helps to preserve the
Integrity Of one Of the most vital
regions in the world as well as
the independence of some of the
nations in that area.
At this very time. when our
prior efforts are bearing good
frfit. while Soviet intrigue and
s,wer continue their probing and
pressure in every critical area In
the world. it would be supreme
folly for our country either to
stop these efforts or to cripple
them through an overweening
zeal to scrimp at their expense.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-21

continuing basis. and related
closely to technical assistance.
Fourth, needs for special eco
inomic assistance should be met
by funds authorized and appro-
ipriated specifically for this pur-
pose.
To accomplish these purposes
recommend the following legis-
lative actions:
First. ! recommend that de-
Tense assistance. both military
assistance and related economic
support. be separated from
economic development assistance
We spend the largest part Of
our mutual security funds to
strengthen friendly military
forces through the use. of two
types Of defense assistance:
One is military assistance
that is. guns. ammunition, tanks,
planes, ships and other weapons
which we furnish to military
allies. plus training in the use
Of such weapons.
The other Is defense support
Although specifically economic
in purpose. this assistance en-
ables friendly nations to main
tain military forces and provide
military facilities substantially
greater than they could other
wise support.
Urges Aid Separation
The present arrangement OF
our mutual security programs
does not clearly differentiate
defense support from economic
development assistance. Until
now. both military and defense
support assistance have been
joined with development assist.
ance in one appropriation
measure. In the process. eco
nomic development assistance
for countries with which we have
military assistance agreements
has tended to lose its identity.
To remove uncertainty as 20
the character and purpose Of
our aid. I recommend q clear
separation Of military and de-
Tense support assistance on the
one hand. from economic de-
velopment assistance on the
other. The program being
submitted to the Congress pro-
vides for this separation.
The second legislative action
I propose is this: That defense
assistance appropriations be in
cluded as a separate title In the
regular Department Of Defense
budget.
Our expenditures for defense
assistance differ neither in basic
purpose nor character from those
for our own armed forces. Once
incorporated in our own defense
budget. they will become recog-
nized here and abroad-as In
deed they should be-as part oi
the military effort Of the United
States. To assure Q continuing
close coordination Of all ele.
ments Of the entire program.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-21
"Historical Incidents"

This collective security effort
has proved its value TO the pro-
lection Of America and the pre-
vention Of war. I give here a few
Of the historical incidents In
which failure to give aid could
have meant ultimate disaster for
our country and world peace. i
kHad II not been for America
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-21
Development Loon Fund

AS a third major legislative
action. I recommend that long
term development assistance be
provided from a development
loan fund.
Our assistance to. less devel-
oped countries can add only in
limited degree to their own re-
sources. Nevertheless. II so pro-
vided as to encourage these peo-
piles to help themselves more
than they can now. it can make
q critical difference.
This objective requires a clear
statement Of our intention, in
our own national interest, to
help the people of less developed
countries in their efforts to de-
velop their economies. It re-
quires also a greater assurance
OF continuity.
Development assistance pro-
grams are managed as effec-
lively and economically as pos
sible under the present system
but suffer from major difficulties.
One Is that the present law
makes funds available only from
year to year with no assurance
of continuity. Obviously. sound
economic development is not q
year to year undertaking but a
continuing process. Another
dificulty Is closely related. Un-
der present law funds are re-
quested each year on the basis
of estimated country programs.
This leads to the establishing of
levels Of aid for each country
that have to be prematurely
formulated. Thereafter they be-
come difncult to change without
risking misunderstanding on the
part Of the countries we help.
In addition, even the personnel
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-21

needed 10 administer these pro-
grams, most Of whom must be
highly skilled technically, cannot
be assured Of more. than short
terms .of employment. This
makes 1t exceedingly difficult to
recruit and to hold good per-
sonnet.
Countries seeking and meritinp
our help should take increasing
responsibility for carefully plan
ming the projects which they
need and can justify. It is nc
less important that our aid be
geared to these projects and thai
our continued assistance be re-
lated to the progress being made
In carrying out these projects
Long term Benefit
That there may be greater
continuity, efficiency and econ.
omy. and other nations encour.
aged to greater self-help, I rec
ommend that the Congress
establish a development loar
fund to finance specific projects
and programs which give promise
Of contributing to sound develop
ment. This fund would be used
not for short-term emergency
requirements but for economic
development of long-term benefit
to the borrowing country.
visualize that assistance from
this fund would be provided es-
sentially on a loan basis. Such
loans should not compete with
or replace such existing sources
of credit as private investors, the
International Bank, or the Ex-
Iport-Import Bank.
These loans should be made or
reasonable expectation of re-
payment in dollars or local cur
rencies. even though we should
recognize that this expectation
would be based on confidence in
the long-range development OF
the borrowing country and or
hope for an improved interna-
tional political climate rather
than on presently demonstrable
financial soundness.
The fund would closely CO.
ordinate its operations with
existing lending institutions. Il
could directly and independently
provide financing or do so ir
conjunction with such institu.
tons. A major purpose would be
to promote - not impede - the
flow Of private investment, and
to this end the fund should
have authority to engage in ap-
propriate financing operations
Properly operated. it should in
crease sound activity by these
other sources Of credit and in
vestment.
In order.to avoid needless adj
ministrative duplication and to
assure coordination with ouI
foreign policy detectives, I be-
lieve mad fund should be estab-
lished and administered in the
International Cooperation Ad-
ministration.
To achieve its objective, the
fund should initially command
sufficient resources to finance its
operations during the coming
three fiscal years. Only thus can
we, break away from the advance
country programming and other
operating practices which now
cucumber and complicate the
administration Of development
assistance. Lacking such assur-
ance Of continuity. the fund
would be little more than q new
name for continuing. with minor
See TEXT, Page AS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-21
Four Mojor Changes

First, defense assistance pro-
grams should be separated from
programs for economic develop
ment.
Second, defense assistance
should be recognized and treated
as an integral part Of our own
worldwide defense efforts.
Third, economic development
assistance should be provided
primarily through loans. on a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-21
Emergency Aid

The third major element OF
the mutual security programs Is
the special-often emergency
assistance we provide to help
friendly nations through critical
periods when violent. political
change, natural disaster or other
circumstance threaten both their
stability and our own national
interests.
In 1858. strategically located
Iran. under an erratic leader,
verged on communism and chaos.
The Iranians succeeded in estab-
fishing a government friendly to
US and freedom. Our assistance
gave them the additional
strength needed to stabilize their
nation and to consolidate their
victory over violence and SUBJ
version.
Similar aid to Guatemala en-
abled republican government to
survive there after a pro-Com-
munist regime was overthrow
in 1854.
In the many unstable regions
OF the world. Communist power
is today probing constantly.
Every weakness Of free nations
is being exploited In every pos
sible way. 1t Is inevitable that
we shall have to deal with such
critical situations in the future.
In Americas own interest, we
must stand ready to furnish
special assistance when threat
ened disaster abroad foretells
danger to our own vital con-
Germs.
The major elements Of our
mutual security programs are
therefore still as urgently needed
for our own security as ever be-
fore. But. as others have re-
Gently urged. I believe that these
elements should be more clearly
defined in order to facilitate
more efficient and more eco
nomical administration. I rec
ommend four specific changes in
existing programs:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-21

The safety Of our country, the
preservation and strengthening
of world peace, the minimizing
of risk to American lives and
resources In future years. all
imperatively demand that we
hold fast in our worldwide col
lective security effort.
In supplementing our country's
defense, the tested and proven
mutual security programs give
the American people more Sc
curity per dollar invested than
any other expenditure they
make.
In our most important task
of all-the waging Of peace
these programs lay firmer foun-
dations than any other effort Of
our country.
For almost a decade every
objective analysis has supported
these views. This past year they
have been convincingly reaf-
firmed. Congressional commit
tees, the executive branch and
distinguished private citizens
have Just examined these pro-
grams anew. On two funda-
mentals these groups have
unanimously found:
First, that both the military
and economic elements Of our
mutual security programs are
essential to the security Of the
American people and to world
peace.
Second. that these programs
will continue for some years to
come to be indispensable to the
attainment Of our country's goals
In the world.
These recent studies again
substantiate that these pro-
grams
strengthen our own de-
lenses:
advance our own interests
through the stimulation and
growth Of the economies Of less
developed countries; and.
provide q necessary. power
full weapon with which to meet
political and economic crises
abroad that endanger our own
vital interests.
Our grave respon sibility.
therefore, in this session Of the
Congress, Is not only the con-
tinuance of these programs but
also their continuance ct q level
dictated by the dangers we face
and the opportunities we have
to counter them.
The recent studies have also
generally agreed that these pro-
grams will be strengthened by Q
clearer Identification Of their
principal elements with their
purposes. I shall first refer to
these elements of the programs
and then discuss specific
changes which ! ask the Con-
gress to adopt to improve their
effectiveness.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-21
Defense Assistance

First Is oefenSe assistance
our and other free nations COM
mon effort to counter the
Soviet Chinese military power
and their drive to dominate the
world. That power continues to
CROWN ornaments. in nuclear
capability. in its economic base.
The Communist goal Of con-
quering the world has never
changed.
For our Nation alone to un-
dertake to Withstand and turn
back Communist imperialism
would impose colossal defense
spending on our people. It
would ultimately cost US our
freedom.
For other free nations to at
tempt individually to counter
this menace would be impos-
sible.
We in our own interest. and
other free nations in their own
interest, have therefore Joined
In the building and mainte-
nance Of q system of collective
security in which the effort Of
each nation strengthens all.
Today that system has become
the keystone of our own and
their security in q tense and
uncertain world.
Only If truly mutual - with
mutual acts building mutual
strength - can this system OF
collective security succeed.
On our part, in addition to
our own forces at home and
abroad, we provide military
equipment and training for
many countries as well as eco
nomic assistance to some to
supplement their support Of en-
lareed forces required in the
common defense.
Provide Strategic Sites
On their part, friendly ma
tions man their forces and. in
most cases, provide the greater
part Of their direct financial
support. These nations also
provide strategic sites for oui
own as well as their air, ground
and naval forces-sites essen
tial to our combined capacity
to deter aggression and defend
our homelands.
In the last eight years Thu
Nation has furnished direcI
military assistance to these ma.
tion's forces in an amount APP
proximating SIT billion. In thu
same period free world nations
have put SlO7 million into theil
own and the common defense
Through this SIT billion w
have helped develop and equiv
a free world strength of 200 divi'
sions Of friendly military forces
They have some $1,000 air
craft.
They operate some $500 ACTIVE
combatant naval vessels.
This assistance which we hav'
furnished and are furnishing
our friends increases their abil
ity to defend themselves agains
subversion from within and az
erosion from without.
It substantially strengthen
the security Of the United States
BY helping to stabilize worl'
affairs, II heightens the prospect
for a Just and lasting peace.
Historical Incidents"
This collective security effori
has proved its value TO the pro
lection OF America and the pre-
vention Of war. I give here a few
Of the historical incidents II
which failure to give aid coult
have meant ultimate disaster To-
our country and world peace.
kEiad II not been for America
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-21

also propose that these funds be
appropriated to the President.
! recommend also that appro-
priations for both military as
sistance and defense support be
pursuant to a continuing author
ization enacted by the Congress.
This would fittingly recognize
that our own security requires
continuance Of these parts Of our
own military effort as long as
Communist imperialism remains
q menace to free peoples. This
would also enable the Congress
to consider simultaneously ap-
preparations both for our own
armed forces and for assistance
to friendly forces. In this way,
these two interrelated elements
Of our military budget can be
better integrated and balanced,
and the effectiveness of both in
creased. ] recommend also that
these defense assistance funds be
authorized as our own military
procurement funds are author
lied, whether this be on the pres
ent basis-available' Until ex-
|pended-or as 1t may be modified
in the future. Policy guidance
for both military assistance and
defense support would, Of course,
be effected by the President
through the Secretary Of State.
For these two types Of defense
assistance programs in fiscal year
1858 ! recommend appropriations
totalling $2.8 billion in a sepa-
rate title of the Department of
Defense appropriation. OF this
sum, $l.9 billion will be for mill
tary equipment and services. The
remaining 5000 million will be
for defense support.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-21
Economic Assistance

eSVhOttstS SNSSbStOutSG
The second major element Of
our mutual security programs is
economic development assistance
and technical cooperation.
This part Of the programs
helps less developed countries
make the social and political
progress needed to preserve their
independence. Unless these peo-
Piles can hope for reasonable
economic advance. the danger
win be acute that their govern
ments viii be subverted by COM
Imunism. e
To millions Of people close to
the Soviet and Chinese Commu-
mist borders political freedom is
still new. To many 1t must still
prove its worth. To survive it
must show the way to another
and equally essential freedom
freedom from the poverty and
hopelessness in which these peo-
pies have lived for centuries.
With their new freedom their
desire and their determination
to develop their economies are
intense. They are fixed upon
raising their standards of living.
Yet they lack sufficient resources.
Their need for help is desperate
both for technical know-how
and capital.
Lacking outside help these new
nations cannot advance econom.
ically as they must to maintain
their independence. Their mod
crate leaders must be able TO
obtain sufficient help from the
free world to offer convincing
hope of progress. Otherwise peo-
piles will surely turn elsewhere.
Extremist elements would then
seize power. whip UP national
hatreds and incite civil dis
sension and strife. The danger
would be grave that these free
governments would disappear.
instability and threats to peace
would result. In our closely-knit
world, such events would deeply
concern and potentially en-
danger our own people.
The help toward economic
development that we provide
these countries is q means to
forestall such crisis. Our assist
ance Is thus insurance against
rising tensions and increased
dangers Of war. and against de-
tense costs that would skyrocket
here at home should tragedy
befall these struggling peoples.
These revolutionary develop
ments in distant parts Of the
world are borne on the crest Of
the wave sent out q century and
a half ago by the example Of our
own successful struggle for free
dom. The determination Of the
people Of these nations TO better
their lot and to preserve their
newly gained liberty awakens
memories Of our own noblest
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-21

traditions Our helping hand in
their struggle is dictated by more
than our own self-interest. It
Is also a mirror Of the character
and highest ideals Of the people
who have built and preserved
this Nation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-21
TEXT ON FOREIGN AID go
President Says Sofety
OfU. S.Hinges on Plan

Following is the OF President Eisenhoioes message
to Congress today outlining the administrations foreign aid
program:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-01
Workday Pin-Up

A COUPLE OF years ago Barbara Floyd pranced across
IA the boards annual Miss Washington contest
and emerged a sem-finalist in the weeks of compe
ton to the ctys the Miss America event
at Atlantic City year ago Barbara annexed the title
of Miss Atomic Energy and she is far from through
At q. her talents and poise and her experience all
combine TO make her popular member OF the staff at
Graduate of a local modelling school. she is called
times modelling With eight years instruc
ton the ballet considers dancing of her favorie
pastimeS But her talents end there She writes
songs three of which lately have been copyrighted She is
also writing play
Barbara sports enthusiast and strong rooer for
the home football and basketball For her
exercises she prefers swimming and bowling But
with all her classic beauty and claims feminine laurels
Barbara has ultimate gOal-married life, home and
about four children QUENTIN n MOTT
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-01
Answer to
Who Is This?

THE youngster on poee
Sc and the mon at
left ore the some person:
WoIter w. Hubbard. edi-
tor Of The Am eric on
Motorist. officioI oreon Of
the American Automobile
Association.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09

SarnOf, Chairman Of the Radio
Corporation of America. got into
radio by chance = and without COL
lege! He applied for reporting job
at what he thought was the New York
Herald building, but by accident
found himself in the Offices Of the
Commercial Gable Co. next door =
he left as a S5-a-week messenger.
But he was fascinated by telegra-
ply and spent long nights studying
the new science Of radio.
Chance may place a person in a
certain position says Sarnoff, but
if he recognizes his luck. works hard,
and takes advantage Of the oppor-
tunitieS. he can't help but succeed"
w. X. Kellogg, whose breakfast
food millions now work largely for
the scientific advancement of man.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09

Many Famous People

kind. left school at ID TO become a
broom salesman.
Henry J. Kaiser got as far as the
eighth grade, and then quit to sell
dry goods.
Eddie Rickenbacker, World War !
flying hero, started his career in a
glass factory at $3.50 a week. Now he
is Chairman Of the Board of Eastern
AirlineS and last year received a
Horatio Alger Award.
Charles E. Wilson. former presi-
dent Of General Electric, quit school
at y to support his widowed mother.
Hundreds Of men like statesman
James F. Byrnes and labor leader
John L. Lewis never got past elemen-
tary school.
Ernest Hemingway, Roy w. How
ard, head Of Scripps-Howard News
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09

TINS WEEK MoooIine tune .. 1857
, 1957-04-09

CHRT5TIAN5IED THEATRE
THE HOUSE, or zooD PICTURES -
Tuesday, Apr. 9 Double Feature
THE WHITE GODDESS Jon Hall Ray Montgomery
THE DESERT T
Richard Burton James Mason Robert Newton
Wed, APP. 10 : A LOS cUATRo vIENTos Qn spanisD
Rosita Quintana : Miguel Aceves MeJa = Joaquin Pardave
Thursday, Apr. II : THE REAR N Technicolor)
James Stewart : Grace Kelly
Saturday, Apr. IS Double Feature:
FRANCIS IN THE NAVY Donald oconnor Martha Hyer
LITTLE CAESAR Edward G. Robinson
Sunday, Apr. IA RUN FOR COVER cTechni. Vista vison)
James Cagney Viveca Lindfors