davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12
The Democrats

Mr.. Eisenhower's difficulties with
the Old Guard have brought q
steady stream Of jibes from the
Democrats-who themselves are as
badly divided as ever.
The Democratic split between
Northern liberals and Southern
conservatives was most recently
manifested at the National Commit
tees three-day meeting which
closed here last week.
Chairman Paul Buffers Advisory
Council. dominated by the liberal
wing, managed to 60 on record OPP
posing q plan by the Southerners
to scuttle civil rights legislation
with "right-to-work" amendment.
The committee then went on to ex-
press some widely divergent views
on Mr.. Eisenhower's budget. Some
Of them criticized the President for
not fighting for his budget, while
others said plainly that it was not
something any responsible Presi-
dent would want to associate him
self with. The liberals urged for
foreign aid: the conservatives
pointed to the possibility Of a tax
cut paid for by a reduction in
foreign aid
AS with the Republicans. the con-
servatives among the Democrats
are in Congress. The liberals draw
their strength from the young Cow
ernorS. plus the national committee,
Harry Truman apd Adlai Steven
son.
In Congress, the intramural feud-
ing is a continuing spectacle, WITH
the party being badly split over
civil. rights Gas usual, school aid
and other welfare programs, foreign
aid, labor legislation and fiscal
policy. Only the somewhat amazing
Texas talents of Senator johnson
and Speaker Sam Rayburn have
prevented deeper wounds.
The immediate result of these
disagreements which have divided
two parties into four has been to
bring the progress of legislation
almost to a standstill. Many who
are observing this dual struggle
hope for little in the way of legis-
lation other than some cambric-
tea compromises that can hardly
be pleasing to those of any persua-
sion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12
Change in Italy:
CooEtionFoHs

On Monday the coalition cabinet
OF Italy's Antonio Segni resigned
after 20 months in Office. The with
drawal Of support by right-wing
Socialists. led by Giuseppe Saragat,
precipitated the governments fall.
And long wrangle is in sight before
President Gronchi can be expected
to find new Premier and cabinet.
Chief reason for the Socialist
abandonment Of the coalition was
a new controversy over Italy's role
in the North Atlantic Treaty Or
ganization, plus continued and
spreading labor unrest. Criticism.
much Of 1t from the ranks Of Mr..
Segni's Christian Democrat Party,
has been mounting in recent months
that Italys present role in NATO
deprived her Of an independent
foreign policy.
Mr.. Segni agreed to stay at his
desk. with his ministers, for the
time being as a "caretaker"
government. Another Christian
Democrat, Amintore Fanfani, is
considered the most likely can
didate to succeed Mr.. Segni II. of
course, he can obtain the support
Of the Socialists again.
Despite the NATO issue, no one
saw in the cabinet change any sign
that Italy was likely to abandon or
modify her support Of the Western
alliance. Some observers saw in the
Socialist action q political move
inside Mr.. Saragat's party designed
to expedite the planned merger Of
the right-wing with the left So
cialists led by Pietro Nenni.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12
Khrushchev
On Peace

An affable and unusually respon-
sive Nikita Khrushchev sat and
talked in Moscow Friday for nearly
two hours with the managing editor
of The NeD York Times, Turner
Catledge. He ducked only one
queStion-would he care to name
the nations and individuals he con-
sidered to be pseudo Communist?
For the most part he was blunt
and fortnight. but without rancor.
World peace, the Soviet leader
observed. depended on the Joint
efforts Of the Soviet Union and the
United States. AS the worlds two
major powers. he said, they must
find some way to ease basic inter-
national tensions. Agreements with
other nations then would follow.
Mr.. Khrushchev minced no words
in declaring that it was now I'm
disputable" that the United States
planned war of aggression against
the Communist bloc. Citing the
continued build-up of American
armed forces and weapons stock
piling. he said "a country which
does not want war would seek
agreement with the other side"
AS for chances Of a general war in
the immediate future. lit is difficult
to say on which side the scales
would tip. I. For our part we will
do whatever is in our power not
only to postpone war. but to have
no war at all. But it depends
on others. first and foremost the
United States"
On the subject of a new summit"
meeting. the First Secretary Of
Russia's Communist Party observed
that negotiations between Gro
myko and Dulles might take 100
years. Our grandchildren would see
the result Of that" But he thought
any new conference should be care
fully prepared In advance. The
case Of international tension is
like q cabbage. II you tear the
leaves OF one by one you come to
the heart. And the heart Of this
matter is relations between the
Soviet Union and the United States"
The Kremlin's top official saved
one barb for the American Central
Intelligence Agency. Replying to
a question Of the accuracy Of the
purported text Of his famous speech
of early 1856 "downgrading" Stain,
To- =. s.t.
this publishing house headed by
Allan Dulles"
theological differences. philoso-
phized Mr.. Khrushchev, were in
evitable. You consider our system
is slave system. We consider your
system slave system. :. 1t would
be better not to talk about it," But
differences. he said. did not bar
good neighborly relations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12
'M0todor' for Toiwon

On Monday, as If to emphasize
the Administrations stand that dis
armament talks must not interfere
with the harsh realities of the cold
war, the United States revealed
plans to set up "Matador" missile
bases on Taiwan (Formosa). The
Matador. a guided missile with a
range Of more than 600 miles. can
carry q nuclear warhead. From
launching sites on the Chinese Ma
tionalist island, all the major Red
air bases opposite Taiwan would be
within range.
Immediate response from Peiping
was strangely restrained. Only q
few remarks on 'imperialist provo
cation" were heard on Radio Pei
ping; perhaps a more pointed re-
action was In the ofiing. American
military officials pointed out that
United States planes on Taiwan
have long been capable Of atomic
attack on the China mainland, and
that the Matador unit would only
add to the defense Of the island.
posing no new threat in itself.
On the eve Of negotiations in
Paris between the United States.
Britain and France on the easing
Of trade restrictions between the
West and the nations OF the Com
munist bloc. Washington announced
that relaxations would be agreeable,
but placed a strict and specific
limitation on their extent. There
were prompt hints that our allies
might decide to abandon the con-
troll system unless the American
stand was softened.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12
Restrained Rejection

Soviet Delegate Valerian A. Zorin,
commenting on the two proposals,
said neither took any real steps
toward either cessation of tests or
nuclear limitations. While he did
not formally reject the proposals.
he saw no good" in them of prac-
tical value. he told his colleagues.
But Western observers noted again
that Mr.. Zorin was careful to avoid
bitter condemnation. They saw in
the Soviet reaction more of a prob
ing. negotiating, mood than a
brusque rejection.
At his press conference Wednes-
day, President Eisenhower promised
sympathetic and earnest" study of
the Soviet proposal for a limited
application Of the "open skies" aeri-
al inspection plan. And in some
what surprising departure from
previously announced United States
policy. he indicated a sympathetic
interest in a plan, first suggested
by former British Prime Minister
Sir Anthony Eden, for a demili-
tarized zone between East and West
Germany. Since the idea was first
propounded during the 1855 Geneva
conference. the United States had
officially disapproved the plan as
one likely to perpetuate the division
between East and West Germany.
In Bonn. British Prime Minister
Harold Macmillan and West Ger
man Chancellor Konrad Adenauer
wound up a series of talks on the
impact Of Britain's impending slash
in her ground forces. Mr.. Macmil-
Ian seemed to have succeeded in
reassuring Mr.. Adenauer that the
coming cuts would not imperil
Europe's defenses. He also won the
Chancellor's assent to Britain's in
sistence that q free-trade zone be
created as part of the Common
Market" agreement recently con-
cluded between six Western Euro
pean nations. On the issue of
German reunification, the British
stand was pat: Free elections in
East and West.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12

crowds hurting shoes. bricks and
bottles at the Rojas troops.
Perhaps the final blow to Gen.
Rojas' regime came Thursday, when
Crisanto Cardinal Luque, Roman
Catholic primate Of Colombia, con-
demned the Rojas forces as guilty
OF murder" and "sacrilege." The
all-powerful church hierarchy, pre-
viously friendly to Gen. Rojas, thus
notified the dictator that his hours
were numbered.
In a last-ditch effort to quell his
opposition. Gen. Rojas attempted
to end the Bogota general strike
which had paralyzed the capital.
He moved troops into banks and
Offices and stores. conscripted
strikers into the army. and ordered
business resumed under military
direction. But it was too late.
At 3 am. Friday, the army leaders
brought an end to the nine days of
violence by informing Gen. Rojas
he was through. A junta composed
Of four generals and an admiral
took over the government, and an
nounced as its first act that popular
elections, banned by the Rojas
regime. would be resumed in 1858.
Gen. Rojas. unframed, left the
country. repeatedly on his way to
Spain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12

minded among their colleagues
would consider the fact that some
versions Of the plan for Federal
aid to schools had run as high
as $3.6 billion.
The one approved by the COM
mittee would be 5000 million more
than that requested by Mr.. Essen.
hover. but would spend $500 mill
lion over five years instead Of
1925 million in four years. as the
President had proposed.
It was voted out of committee,
20 to 8, and sent to the Rules
Committee after an attempt to
tack on an anti-segregation amend
ment failed. If the bill reaches
the floor it will again face this
test, with more chance that the
amendment will succeed. It was
such q plan which helped to de-
feat similar legislation last year. =
In the Senate, Majority Leader
johnson said he hoped three major
bills could be "sandwiched" be-
tween appropriation measures this
month: The Hells Canyon bill, an
immigration bill and "perhapp the
housing bill"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12

entail members Of both parties in
Congress to plead the cause.
He first offered compromise:
Cut foreign aid If you must. but
the minimum amount below which
the peace would be endangered was
$3.50 billion. $500 million less than
he had proposed in his budget. The
$3.50 billion figure compares with
$3.67 billion granted during the
current year.
The President, according to the
legislators present, made a good
case for the program. His 90-min-
ute bipartisan plea stressed his fear
that, without sufficient aid from
the United States, new nations
struggling to hold to their indie
pendence might turn to communism.
The ~ members Of Congress lis
tened to the Presidents appeal and
were. they said. impressed. But it
became obvious before the after
noon was out that they had not
really been swayed from their de-
termination to make heavy cuts.
Senate Majority Leader Lyndon
johnson was reported to be Of the
opinion that If the administration
itself could see room for O half
billion-dollar reduction in foreign
aid. then there must be still more
water in the program. Senator
Knowland repeated an earlier fore
cast that foreign aid would be cut
by 81 billion.
1t may have been such reaction
that led Mr.. Eisenhower to immedi-
ately ask for two half-hour periods
on television. one Tuesday evening
and the other next week, to take
his case to the people.
His first appeal will be in be-
half Of the budget. the second will
explain and extol foreign aid.
Most Of Mr.. Eisenhower's trou-
bles have been with congressional
Republicans, but all has not been
well in his own official family. There
has been a visible breakdown OF
what once was called the team"
spirit in the administration, evil
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12

American prestige around the globe,
officials fear They see the danger
Of bonanza for Moscow's propa-
ganda experts. who are always look
ing for opportunities to cast Russia
in the role Of world leader in the
field Of peaceful use Of the atom.
Strangely. there are rumors on
Capitol Hill that the State Depart
ment's about support Of the pro-
posal is backed with something less
than enthusiasm by the Atomic En-
ergy Commissions majority, headed
by Chairman Lewis L. Strauss. Of
ficially. Of course. the Acc and Mr..
Strauss are on record as support
ing ratification.
Senators who usually are close
to the thinking Of the Aces major
ity and cooperative with it are
among those ready to batter the
statute when 1t reaches the. floor.
Minority Leader Knowland and
Senator Hickenlooper. Republican
OF Iowa. have refused to indorse
the statute despite q personal plea
from Mr.. Eisenhower. Senator
Bridges, Republican Of New Hamp-
shire, and Senator Bricker. Repub-
lican Of Ohio. have been openly
critical. On the Democratic side,
the influential Senator Russell Of
Georgia has taken q stand In, oppo-
sition.
Oppose 'Shorine'
Opposition to the statute comes,
in general. from the Senators who
have consistently opposed any
sharing" Of American atomic Sc
crets with other nations. Although
the IAEA statue proposes no divulg-
ing Of secrets, 1t does pledge con-
tributions Of nuclear materials.
These materials, in view Of the stat
ute's foes. could be diverted to
military uses by member nations,
including neutralists, such as India,
and members Of the Communist
bloc.
In addition, the measures OPP
ponents voice fears that Communist
China might be allowed TO join in
the pool someday: that the inter-
national agreement would bypass
the existing bilateral pacts the
United States now has with some
80 nations; that participation in
the "atoms-for-peace" setup would
inevitably tend to break down the
strict secrecy now practiced by the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12
The Republicans

The disagreement among the
Republicans. which has widened
steadily since Mr.. Eisenhower's
sweeping election victory last fAll.
is along conservative-liberal lines.
The conservatives will be found in
Congress, where the Old Guard calls
the turn. The White House is the
stronghold Of the Presidents mod
ern Republicanism," although the
oficial family is by no means
ideologically unanimous.
In the Senate. the Eisenhower
bloc hardly warrants the designa-
ton. Its strength does not exceed
20 and its most vocal members are
freshmen-Senators Javits. Bush,
Morton and Case Of New Jersey,
for example.
On the other hand, the @. o. p.
conservative bloc in the Senate
the Presidents Republican OPPOSE
ton on many issues-boasts the
leadership of Minority Leader Will
liam Knowland and Senator Styles
Bridges. chairman Of the party's
Senate Policy Committee. and a
membership Of long list Of senior
ity-laden Senators.
The current rallying cry for the
Old Guard Is its determination to
cut the big Eisenhower budget, a
determination shared by q goodly
company Of conservative Demo-
Gratis. To date, about $l.2 billion
has been trimmed from the $7I.8
billion budget in the House, with
much Of the initiative coming from
the Republican side. AS might be
expected. the items that have suf-
fered most were those identified
with the internationalist, welfare
conscious modern Republicanism. -
Still to feel the blade Of the con-
sentative coalition is the admins
tration's foreign aid program, for
which the President originally asked
$4.4 billion. It appears that the
threat to this program has spurred
him to fight hard for his budget.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12
Disarmament:
Soviet Feint

The Soviet Union Friday tried a
new feint in the jockeying between
East and West over nuclear disar-
mament. Perhaps in full awareness
that direct and dramatic appeals
get headlines II not results, the Su-
preme Soviet (parliament), meeting
In Moscow, proposed a three-power
parliamentary commission, repre-
senting the United States Con-
gress, the British Parliament and
the Supreme Soviet. be established
to work out an agreement banning
future testing Of atomic and hydro
gen bombs.
The Moscow appeal to parliament
tary bodies, bypassing the execu-
tive, policy-making organs Of gov
eminent, obviously stood no chance
OF success. But it served to capital
ize for the Communists on a stu
alton with immense emotional APP
peal - the dangers, to whatever
extent they exist, Of permanent
damage to the peoples Of the world
from radioactive failout.
At the meeting Of the United
Nations Subcommittee on Disarm-
ament In London, Britain last Mon
day proposed a series Of measures
leading. British delegate Comdr.
Allan Noble said, to effective ces-
sation Of nuclear bomb testing. The
first step in the three-step proposal
suggested that future nuclear test
ing be registered In advance, with
a limited international observation
OF the announced tests to be per-
mitted.
AS q second step, the British,
backed by the United States and
France. recommended that a COM
mittee Of experts be created to study
the possibility Of limiting test blasts.
And as q third and final step, It
was proposed that prohibition Of
the production Of nuclear explosives
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12

denced by an occasional dissenting
voice on basic policies.
Mr.. Eisenhower may be able to
shore up his defenses somewhat
in the upcoming overhaul Of the
cabinet which has been rumored
for some time. Treasury Secretary
Humphrey is leaving, accompanied
by Undersecretary Carter Burgess
and possibly Budget Director PERCH
val Brundage. Before too long, Mr..
Eisenhower also may be able to
replace others. including the con-
sentative Secretary of Commerce,
Sinclair Weeks. with modern" Re-
publicans.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12
CoIombiu:
Rojos Is Out

A five-man military junta ruled
riot-torn Colombia Friday after
Observation-Disclosures Gustavo Rojas
Pinilla, just reelected by his hand
picked Constituent Assembly for
another four-year term. quit under
army pressure.
Most Of the nation was in rebel
lion even while the Assembly was
voting. 75-to-1. for the dictator's
reelection. News OF that action
set new fires; general strikes. street
demonstrations and rioting erupted
in Bogota. Medellin, Cali. and other
population centers. Army units in
several places fred into street
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12
The Beck Story:
New Chapter

Another chapter in the serial
story entitled Dave Beck at Bay"
unfolded last week. The man in
the title role was still following the
football field dictum that the best
defense is good offense.
Mr.. Beck. after getting q rough
going by the AFL-CIO Ethical
Practices Committee. was pictured
at the Senate hearings on labor
management racketeerinp as q man
who profted by $500 from .
trustee fund set up for the widow
Of his best friend, who used his
influence in what appeared TO some
Continued on Page AIS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12
Plea to Congress

Apparently needing widely broad
cast warnings that this program,
described by Secretary of State
Dulles as the front line Of our
defense Of peace and freedom in
the world" would be drastically
reduced at the Capitol. Mr.. Eisen-
hover last week called in ~ infiu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12
Leadership Burdens

should be agreed to as a part Of a
general arms limitation accord.
The British plan. in effect, car
ried q previous United States pro-
posal just a bit further. American
delegate Harold e. Stassen had
proposed earlier that production of
fashionable materials be ended in
1858 as pre-condition to the BAN
ming of nuclear testing.
The guardian., 1957-04-13
ALL SAINTS CHURCH
IS 81 West Newton st.

Rev. Vernon E. Carter, Pastor
A Cantata The Seven Last
Words of Christ" by Theodore
Dubois win be presented by
The All Saints Lutheran
Church Choir on Sunday
palm Sunday at $3.50 D. m.
Frederick D. Rochester Organ
ist and Choir Director; Guest
Artists: Miss Dolores John
son, Soprano; Mr.. Thomas
Parish, Tenor; Mr.. Raymond
Soares H. Baritone. The pub
lie is invited, free admission.
Services starting Palm sun
day evening at 6 p. M to
z p. m. and Holy Week each
evening from 7::30 D. m. to
$3.50 p. m. On Good Friday
evening service will be from
2 p m. to 7:45 D. m. Easter
Sunrise Service on Easter
morning at $50 a. M, with
Easter breakfast at 7 D. M
Morning Worship for Easter
will start at 10.45 a. m. Sun
day School Easter program will
take plce at $50 The public
Is invited t all times.
The guardian., 1957-04-13
MAIDEN

Rev. Herbert o. Edwards was
the guest speaker at the morn
ing worship services last Sun
day at Emmanuel Church. He
is the assistant Pastor at
Metropolitan Baptist Church
in Roxbury. Altar flowers were
given by Earl and Harry
Thompson in memory of their
mother, Mrs Gertrude Thomp-
son. Mrs. Ann Hynson and Mrs
F. Mary Sneed were in charge
Of the nursery held during the
Worship services. Meetings held
this past week: Philathea Glass
at the home of Mrs. F. Mary
Sneed. Deacohs at the church
and Sunday School Workers
Conference at the home of the
superintendent, Mrs. Mildred
Sparrow
Included ia the list of the
sick and sllnt-in: Alexander
Lomax, Mrs. Elizabeth Thomp-
son. George High, Peter Sneed,
Mrs. Katie Webb, Mrs. Florence
Hornsby and Mrs. Sara J. Car
ter.
The guardian., 1957-04-13
CHURCH NEWS

People were Baptized and one
was restored to the Fellowship
Of the Church during the Holy
Communion hour. Both the
Senior Choir and the Gospel
Chorus sang anthems and
songs. Three babies were Con-
secrated at the Service: Ber-
nard Andrew Mayo, son of Mr..
and Mrs. Mann Mayo; George
Oliver Day Jr., son Of Mr.. and
Mrs. George Oliver Day and
Stephen Smith, son OF Deacon
and Mrs. Marvin Smith.
At the second Communion
Service in the evening the
largest Sunday Night Con-
gregation of the year was pres
ent. Announcements we're made
concerning Psalm Sunday. The
Children's Chorus. The Young
Peoples Groups and the Senior
Choir will sing, Grown Him
Lord OF All' will be the SER
mon topic. In the afternoon,
the West Medford Girls Cf1or-
us will sing and in the eve
ming a Chorus Composed of
the Deacon and DeaconesSes
will give a special program of
music.
The guardian., 1957-04-13
PEoPLEs CHURCH

The pastor spoke to a large
and attentive audience on the
ANA division Of Psalms. The
Gospel Churus sang Only a
Lookwith Mrs. Ivory Cousins as
soloist under the direction of
Mrs. Kathryn FaiSon. The SEN
ior Choir sang the anthem
"Hellelujah" by Beethoven
with the organist, Charles
Garner, directing. The Lords
Supper was administered and
six persons were fellowshipped
Into the church.
10 6LesIsAEuuV QlJIsML suL
tne Gospel Chorus was well
attended. Rev. Lsymon Hunter
Christ Temple was the speak
er. The Dixie Gospel Singers,
Mr.. Richard Diggs, director
were the guest artists. Mr.
Edward Cooper, executive sec
retary of the N. A. A. c. P.
was the speaker at the Young
Adult Fellowship. Mr.. Herman
Caul, president.
The Senior Choir will pre-
sent "The Seven Last Words"
Palm Sunday at 1880 p. m. and
"the Crucifixtior." Soloists VIII
be Doris Queerly, soprano; Ed
ward Carmichael, tenor; Rob-
ert Watson, baritone, with
Pearl Owens pianist, Frederick
Rochester, organist and Charles
Garner, director.
The Y. A. F. will hold its
Easter Sunrise Service and
breakfast at $50 a. m. with
Rev Thomas Fraser guest
speaker.