davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-11-24

associations in his audience,
Mr.. Mari said the recent low
ering of the Federal Reserve
rediscount rate indicates that
interest rates have passed their
peak. at least for the next six
months.
However, the longer term
outlook for interest rates will
depend to some extent on what
happens to the defense budget
in 1853" said the speaker.
IF. as a result Of. the Russian
satellites, the defense budget is
increased substantially and cuts
are not made elsewhere in the
Federal budget, the net effect
win be inflationary, and the
trend toward easier credit could
be shortlived."
Says Associations Gained
In Tight Money Period
Mr.. Mari said the savings and
loan business has gained greater
stature as the main ,bulwark
of home finance" during the
recent tight-money period.
Savings and loan associa-
tons are the only institutions
which can be depended upon
for home credit, year in and
year out, during periods of
easy money and during periods
of tight money as well," he said.
Certainly the declining par
ticipation in home financing
by other lenders in the past
two years, and the shift of their
funds to other more profitable
channels of investments, has
helped to emphasize their inn
portance in home financing.
Il am sure that home builders
and realtors, some of whom
might have taken savings and
loan support of the mortgage
market for granted. are more
conscious today of our ability
to function as a constant source
OF home credit"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-11-24
Safeway TO Open Tenth
In 1857 Store Expansion

Safeway Stores, Inc, will
open the tenth new area store
in its 1857 expansion program
at 8 am. Tuesday.
Located at 1896 George
Palmer Highway in Seat
Pleasant. Md. the new store
will be managed by George w.
Atwood, former manager at
1880 d street NE.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-11-24
Advertising Club to Honor
Carita B. Sander

Mrs. Carita B. Sander, presi-
dent Of Valley Forge Distribu-
ting Co. and a director of the
Bank Of Commerce, will receive
an Award of Achievement from
the Washington Advertising
Club Tuesday.
The award will be presented
by Club President Arnold Fine
at a luncheon at the Presi-
Dental Arms.
Mrs. Sander will be honored
for her contributions to the
beverage distribution industry.
She will discuss her business
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-11-24
Pfeiffer Named Officer
OF Hotel Sales GrOup

Robert L. Pfeiffer, sales direc-
tor of the Mayflower Hotel. was
elected treasurer of the Hotel
Sales Management Association
at the associations 30th con-
vention here yesterday.
Mr.. Pfeiffer, who was general
convention chairman, also will
serve on the associations board
in the coming year. Frank w.
Berkman, sales director of the
Henry Hudson Hotel in New
York, was elected president to
succeed William Morton of
Sheraton Corp
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-11-24
Garfinckel Division Plans
New Store in Florida

The De Pima Division of
Julius Garfinckel e. Co. an
nounced plans for a new store
in Fort Lauderdale, Fla, it was
announced by President John
T. Fielder.
The new store will open De-
cember 2 in Sunrise Center, one
Of Florida's outstanding and
fast-growing shopping centers.
The divisions first Florida store
was established in Miami Beach
in 1925.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-11-24
us. Budget Seen as Key
|To Interest Rate Trend
BY DONALD B. HADLEY

Close watch the 1888 Federal budget
to the outlook for interest rates.
This the advice given this week by Roy MARI
president Of the United States Savings League
the leagues 65th annual convention in Chicago
With large delegation from Washington agencies and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-25
For Burke Airport

It is believed to be evident
that the resumption Of devel-
opment of the Washington
supplemental airport at Burke,
Va, is the logical solution to
the existing problem of re-
lieving the growing over
crowded condition of National
Airport. 1t seems, however,
that some politicians are still
determined to prevent the
realization of the proposed de-
velopment at Burke.
II is obvious that the devel-
opment of the airport at Burke
would be of much economic
benefit to Fairfax County and
Northern Virginia, just as use
of Friendship Airport at Balti-
more instead would be of
economic benefit to Baltimore
and Maryland. However, it is
not believed that local interest
or concern should prevail over
national concern. The neces-
sity of having safe and ade-
quate airport facilities to serve
the Nations Capital is of
course a concern Of America
at large.
Observer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-25
On Curling Ones Hair

1t seems to us that fair reading of
the Presidents Economic Report and his
most recent press conference remarks
invites two conclusions: ~ He has a
policy OF sorts for dealing with a poten-
tial depression. (2) He has no real policy,
beyond what is now being done in the
credit field, for dealing with both an
actual and potential imitation.
The Economic Report was a eau
tiously hopeful document, as, Of course,
1t had to be. But it contains significant
admission: Despite extensive industrial
plant expansion in 1856, the increase in
production did not keep pace with the
rise IN costs, primarily wage costs. This
spells more imitation. When it is coupled
with $71.8 billion budget, the largest
In peacetime history, the inf1ationary
threat becomes very serious thing.
MIR. Eisenhower has appealed to man.
agement to hold down price increases.
He has urged labor not to press for wage
rises unless compensated for by greater
production. He has said that Congress
has duty to cut his budget If it can.
In our opinion, all of this is so much
wiShful thinking. Greater production
may be in prospect, but it is going to
take more than presidential exhortation
to curb excessive wage and price adj
vances. And 1t is going to require more
than you-take-over appeal to induce
Congress to cut a budget which the Pres
ident has not been able or willing to cut.
Beyond this, Mr.. Eisenhower thinks that
"as long as the American people demand
and, in my opinion, deserve the kind Of
services that this budget provides, we
have got to spend this kind of money"
Where this leaves our economy, we do not
know. But we do know that the Amer
lean people are not at all modest about
demanding what they believe they de-
serve, especially when they think the
money is coming from their benevolent
and permanently rich Uncle Sam.
AS Of this moment, the President Is
not fretting about depression. He sees
continued prosperity for the immediate
future, but If the threat of serious de-
preston should arise he is prepared to
shoot the budgetary works. AS he told
his press conference: II would do every
thing that was constitutional and that
the Federal Government could do" This,
we suppose, is a policy, but it is pol
icy which brings up face to face with
Secretary Of the Treasury George M.
Humphrey.
Mr.. Humphrey looks to US like an
unhappy man. He is supporting the
current budget, and 1t may be that he
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-25
Scattering Their Fire

Regardless of the merits of creating
In Washington city college, merits
which must always be judged in relation
to demonStrable need for such an insti-
tuition and the availability of revenue to
maintain it, the Board OF Education and
the Superintendent of Schools would be
unwiSe to push that proposal now.
They have more important target
to shoot at. If they scatter their fire
they may miss it entirely. Their imme-
date objective must be to lift the level
OF achievement in the primary and sec
ondary schools until it compares favor
ably with standards attained elsewhere.
We are sure that the Board Of Education
and the superintendent of Schools are
fully conscious of the necessity to bring
that about. But until they do so, serious
talk OF establishing city college suggests
aimleSSneSs and is apt to invite more
opposition than support.
The formula for lifting achievement
levels, and 1t cannot be done overnight,
seems to be smaller classes and more
specialized instruction. That means MANY
more teachers Immediately, and many
more school buildings within the near
future. good start in adding teachers
has been wisely recommended by the
Commissioners and the Budget Bureau,
and the pending school budget is of
record size. The Board and the Super
intendent of Schools are working on a
proposal to finance more school construc-
ton by bond issues or Treasury advances
"a proposal that The Star has always
supported in principle, but which needs
careful examination as to the precise
details of the building program. For
school construction needs, as now pre-
scented, are completely changed from the
picture presented in the public works
program only few years ago, and they
can change again.
The point is, however, that before
talking about city college there must
be a demonstration of ability to raise,
rather than debase, decent standards Of
achievement in the public schools.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-25

is not in disagreement with the President
as to the outlook for the immediate"
future, whatever that may mean. But
while the President holds out no hope of
a reduction in Federal spending, despite
the powerful impetus that this spending
gives to imitation, Mr.. Humphrey pre-
diets that continuation of the trend
in Federal spending will bring "a depres-
sion that will curl your hair"
If this situation can be reduced to
personalities, Mr.. Humphrey is in the
position of an unhappy traffic policeman
trying to stop speeding automobile with
a very low official tag number. And Mr..
Eisenhower is in the position of man
who is hoping for the best, but who seems
to have very little notion of what to do If
the best does not materialize.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-25
Russian BIuckmuiI

The Soviet Union for the second time
in recent months is threatening nearby
non-C Communist nations with atomic
assault. Using the Tass news agency and
Pravda as its mouthpieces, the Kremlin
has directed its warlike buster across a
front extending from Western Europe to
the Pacific Ocean-with special emphasis
on the Baghdad pact nations and the
neighboring countries of the Middle East.
AS justification, Moscow refers to
President Eisenhower'S budget message
statement that our Army will increase
the number Of atomic support commands
which are particularly suitable as back
up for the ground forces of allied coun-
tries" 1t refers, also, to American news
paper stories specializing on location of
such commands, and to increased budget
allotments for development Of guided
missiles and other modern weapons In
interpreting these references, however,
the Soviet propaganda organs depart
as usual-from fact, to indulge in their
customary distortion of meaning and to
ignore the true reasons for our own and
allied military preparedness. Their first
charge, in brief, is the familiar and I'M
founded one that our military effort-and
presumably of all other nations not under
the control of Moscow-is designed for
aggression against the Soviet Union.
Their second is that the American scheme
to establish atomic ''bridgeheads" in for
eign countries is plan to divert the
Soviet's main retaliatory action away
from the United States"
While rejecting the false premises on
which the Soviet threats are based, how
ever, it may be unwiSe to disregard their
implications. It is not new for Moscow
to boast Of its military proweSs, but the
Soviet leaders went to unusual lengths in
warning Britain, France and Israel at the
time of the Egyptian invasion last fall of
the possibility of counter assault by q
big power (Russia) with all modern weap-
ons at its disposal In their latest warning
they have suggested also that it is the
Soviet Union, not the United States, that
leads in the development and availability
of such weapons. In his news conference
this week, the President described the
Russians as "unpredictable" and 'prac-
tically inexplicable "-qualities that make
their possession of offensive power clearly
more dangerous. At the same time, it is
obvious that any compromise with Rus
sian blackmail would be exceedingly haz-
ardouS, and we hope that the threatened
nations will refuse to be inundated.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-25
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
He HASKIN SERVICE
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE
A
NV Wahnsop
mclose 3 cents for return postage

@. Who were the first Negro
lawyers, man and woman, in
the United States?-J. T.
A. Macon B. Allen was the
first Negro to be regularly adj
mitted to the practice of law.
He was admitted to the bar at
Worcester, Mass, May 3, 1845.
Earlier. he had been allowed
to practice in Maine for two
years. The first Negro woman
lawyer was Charlotte Ray, who
graduated from Howard Uni
versity in 1872.
@. Just what conditions does
the phrase exceptional chill
dren" refer To. In educationP
NV.
A. Exceptional children"
are defined as those who have
unusual educational needs be-
cause Of mental giftedness
or mental retardation, social
and emotional maladjust-
ments. blindness or partial
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-25
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
These Flying Soucers' Are No Myth
BY THOMAS r. HEM

OF, and then combined with
oxygen. Stony objects may b
completely volatilized. Few Of
the millions per day ever ac-
tually reach the surface.
Glass, however, suffers no
such fate. An enormous stress,
however, is set up between It's
extremely cold interior and the
heated outer surface which, at
a critical point, causes it to
break up into small fragments
which can come to earth with
out much further damage.
The fragments tell some
thing Of the place from which
they came. They were formed
by melting, the report says,
on a celestial body that had
an ample supply of oxygen at
the time they were produced
or during the melting period
because all the elements found
in the glass including the
hydrogen are present in an
oxidized state. Certainly the
australia glass was produced
at temperatures that exceeded
$500 centigrade, proba bly,
nearer 1000 C. Apparently q
glass of this composition could
not be melted below 1850 c.
Furthermore, it must have
been maintained in the molten
state sufficiently long to allow
the escape Of reaction gases.
Cooled Slowly
During this period, no sud-
den release of pressure oc-
CURED or some type Of foam
glass would have resulted. It
then cooled sufficiently slowly
to prevent the formation of
vacuum bubbles which are
formed when large masses Of
glass are cooled too rapidly.
Such bubbles vary in size from
a few millimeters to as large
as a persons head. Epidemics
of this spectacular and de-
structive disease have often
harassed optical glass plants.
The Bureau Of Standards
workers have subjected the
meteoric glass to spectroscopic
analysis to determine what 1t
is made Of. The primary ele-
ment, naturally. is silica
such as is that of terrestrial
glass. They found traces Of
iron oxides and water.
Much further study Is
needed. they stress. But what
little has been determined
gives some foundation for
speculation on the nature Of
the planet where they were
formed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-25
Prince Edward Policy

Feoeral Judge HutcheS0n'S refusal to
order immediate desegregation of the
schools in Prince Edward County, Vir-
ginia, testif1es to the dilemma in which
a conscientious Judge finds himself when
faced with the problem Of enforcing the
Supreme Courts decision in community
where the Negro population is large and
the white population is adamant against
mixed schools.
The stated intention Of Prince Ed
ward authorities, if required to abandon
segregation, is to close its public schools,
set up some kind Of private school sys-
tenn for white children, and provide Moth
ing for Negro children. Judge Hutchinson
evidently believes that this is what would
happen, for he said that any action which
might cause mixing the schools at this
time and resulting in their closing would
be highly and permanently injurious to
the children Of both races" Then he
added this comment:
believe the problems to be capable
of solution, but they will require patience,
time and sympathetic understanding.
They cannot be solved by jealous advo-
Gates, by an emotional approach, nor by
those with selfish interests to advance.
In these circumstances, Judge
Hutchinson rejected demand by the
National Association for the Advance
ment Of Colored People that desegrega-
ton be made effective this coming Sep
TENDER. Instead, he retained jurisdiction
of the case and advised Negro attorneys
hey could renew their desegregation mo-
ton at some unspecif1ed future date
latter the defendants (the school board
have been afforded reasonable time to
effect solution"
This is in sharp contrast to the situa-
ton in Arlington County and in Char
lottesville, where local authorities have
been orderd to begin desegregation in
the immediate future But the respective
situations also differ sharply. What may
be feasible in Arlington may be out Of
the question in Prince Edward. And so,
Judge Hutchinson, while stating that the
Supreme Court requirement must be
observed" is also saying to the authori-
ties In Prince Edward that they may
have more time to work out their own
solution.
In our view, this is the right APP
proach under the prevailing circum-
stances. OF course, 1t may not lead to
the desired result, for the people of
Prince Edward may refuse to'accept any
integration at any time. In that event
we may see all of the evil consequences
which Judge Hutchinson fears will flow
from abandonment Of the public schools
But there is also possibility, II the
zealots can be kept out Of the picture,
that solution satisfactory to both
parties win be worked out, and this is
what Judge Hutchinson is trying to facil-
itate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-25

loss Of vision, deafness or i'm
paired hearing. speech defects.
GRIPPING conditions, and spe-
cial health problems.
@. Was the late Supreme
Court Justice owen Roberts
considered a liberal or a con-
sentative? A. E.
A. Named to the Supreme
Court in 1880 by President
Herbert Hoover, Justice Rob-
erts served for is years. At
times he sided with the liberal
group Of the court. and at
times with the conservatives.
In 1887 he opposed the plan
to pack" the court.
@. What II the present pur-
chasing power Of the dollar?-
G. E.
A. on the basis Of the 1899
dollar representing 100 cents.
the present average retail pur-
chasing power u so cents.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-25
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES (. TRACEWELL

Templeton Jones might have
been a pianist to this day If
something hadn't happened.
Today he doesn't know why
the happening had such a
drastic effect.
1t made him give up the
piano.
Not that any boy liked piano
playing. Most Of them thought
there was something sissy
about it. and to the average 10
or IL year old boy, there is no
worse word than SISSY"
Usually. young American
males had to be bribed to take
piano lessons.
Maybe they did it because q
favorite aunt or uncle paid
for 1t.
Or perhaps because some
other boy. much admired. said
it was the thing to do.
So Temp Jones took piano.
Mrs. Otterbaugh was q good
teacher. She kept the boys at
it, until they learned some
thing Of practical piano as well
as the theory Of music.
She was proud Of her pupils.
and her pupils parents were
proud Of her. To have ones
child take piano lessons from
Mrs. Otterbaugh was a feather
in the cap Of any parent.
1t was one day after school
that Temp Jones set out for
his teachers home.
He dashed along madly, be-
cause he was late, as usual.
When he came to the cor.
ner, he suddenly began TO
sprint.
Unknown to him, q pal, one
Jack, had got the idea Of
sprinting, too, but he was on
the other side of the house.
The two met at Mrs. O's
front door.
They met head on, with such
a crash that both were
knocked out.
When Temp Jones came to.
he found his teacher bathing
his brow, and very much up
set.
Are you hurt, Templeton?"
she inquired.
ooh, no." said that sturdy
character.
There was no lesson that
day. naturally. Teacher sent
him home to recuperate.
What she didn't know was
that Templeton Jones was
gone forever.
He never came back, never
took another piano lesson, and
has often wondered since why.
After all, the piano is q
great instrument.
One ought to be able to
take a few knocks for it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-25
Cocoon

Deceptive as dead leaf on bush
The lumber dry cocoon Is
sealed
From cold, from dvid birds
ambush,
All seeming life concealed.
But here In parmest amber
gduse
A tDinter miracle takes place,
The norm dscends By aoe-old
ldtDs
into a thing OF grace.
We see like burst OF flame In
spring
The sleek CecropiG unfold,
Each shimmerinO great velpet
iDtn0
A fire OF copper-0old.
Frederick Ebri0ht
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-25
Plea for Arob REFUGEES

Please accept my COM
mendation for your editorial
of January 8 setting forth
some of the problems Of the
Palestine Arab refugees. Let
us hope this report to the
people is only the beginning
of a much-needed program of
education for our community;
that the detail facts of the
suffering Palestine refugees
may become as well known to
us and possibly as immensely
oversubscribed as were the
cries for help emanating from
Budapest.
Mrs. Jewell r. Mazique.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-25

Retired Brig. Gen. James
F. Moriarty~ writes The Star
that the Eisenhower doc
trine will close a huge gap in
our national defense" and
will put a definite stop to
Soviet Russian brigandage."
I nominate the general as the
worlds prize optimist.
In his doctrine" speech.
the President definitely closed
the door to such wishful think
ing. Unwittingly. perhaps. Mr..
Eisenhower clearly revealed the
utter futility Of his doctrine
as a solution Of the Middle
East problem when he said
that in the event of armed
attack" by the Soviet Union
his decision as to whether to
resist the attack would be
subject to the overriding au-
thority Of the United Nations
Security Council in accord
ance with the Charter" In
other words, subject to the So
Wet vetol AS If to emphasize
our mistake in binding our des-
TIMES to the U. N. the Presi-
dent said: 1.-THE United Ma
tons was able to bring about
a cease-fire and withdrawal Of
hostile forces from Egypt be-
cause it was dealing with gov
ernments and peoples who had
a decent respect for the opin-
ions of mankind. But in the
case of Hungary. the Soviet
Union. has shown a callous
indifference to the recommen-
dations, even the censure, Of
the General Assembly" This
can mean only that the u. N.
is a hollow fiction as a pre-
server Of world peace and
merely tool to be used against
the democracies but not
against the Communist die
tatorships. The tragedy is that
the last realistic opportunity
for preserving the Middle East
as a Western ally faded out
when, at the behest Of Mr..
Eisenhower and the Soviet
Union, the u. N. branded
Britain and France as "ag-
gressors" and ordered with
drawal of their troops from
Port Said. This was practi-
cally an invitation to the Com
munists TO step in' and take
over. 1t may be predicted with
more or less certainty that in
the not too distant future the
peoples Of the Middle East will
be added to the satellite ma
tions Of the Soviet Union.
Probably the principal mo-
tive for the Eisenhower doc
trine" is to commit Congress
to what has been sold to the
public as q new, dynamic APP
proach to the problem; stop
in It's tracks the great de-
bate" on Middle East policy
that many Democrats have
been demanding, and keep
the power Of decision exclu-
sively In the hands Of the Pres