davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29
MONDAY

When the 8:45 am. bell rang for
classes at Central High. upwards
of 1000 snarling men and scream
ing women were gathered around
the school, determined that the
nine Negroes selected under plan
worked out by the local school
board would not enter.
While the mob kept its attention
on the front entrance of the
school. distracted by five Negro
men who acted as decoys, the
Negro youngsters walked calmly
into the school building through a
side entrance.
AS they entered, the mob surged
forward through police barricadees
to reach the decoys, who turned
and ran. The crowd caught one
of them. a news photographer,
tripped him, beat him and
smashed his camera.
At this point white girl ran
from the school, screaming.
They're in! They're I'M" A
man shouted. Lets get them"
and about 20 men tried TO break
through the police lines, but were
discouraged by club swinging
policemen.
Meanwhile. on the street at
the other end of the school. a
group of white men beat up
Negro man. Two white newsmen
were set upon but escaped un-
scathed.
Mothers on the sidewalk wept
and yelled: II want my children
outl' About a dozen persons were
hauled away in patrol wagon.
The well-disciplined policemen
were not unanimous in their
fidelity to their tasks. One rookie,
Pvt. Thomas Dunaway, ripped of
his badge. yelled. II quit" and
walked of as the crowd cheered.
BY noontime the mob had won
the day. Supt. Of Schools Virgil
Blossom ordered Central Highs
principal, Jesse Matthew, to send
the Negro students home. The
Negroes we're withdrawn immedi-
ately and sent TO their homes in
police cars.
In Newport, r. l., where he was
mentioning, President Eisenhower
had kept in close touch with events
in Little Rock. At 1928 pm. he
signed an emergency proclama-
ton, prepared by the Justice De-
partment. ordering the mob to
dispense.
The order was legal prerequi-
site TO the calling out Of Federal
troops. In unusually harsh Ian
guage, Mr.. Eisenhower called the
Little Rock situation disgrace
full" and threatened to use force
" necessary" to see that the in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29

permitted the President to use
troops to enforce all civil rights
laws and the court DEGREES issued
under them. Gov. Faubus and
other Southerners maintained
that Mr.. Eisenhower had acted
illegally, since the Governor had
not requested the troops.
The statutes which the Presi-
dent cited were sections 1872. 1913,
and 334 Of Title 10, United States
Code.
Sections 332 and 1893, the basis
for the use of the troops, derive
from Articles II and of the Con-
stitution, respectively. Article II,
Section 3 requires that the Presi-
dent shall take care that the
laws are faithfully executed"
Article /, Section 8 gives Congress
authority to provide for the call
ing forth of the militia to exc
cute the laws Of the Union. :"
On May 2. 1892. Congress
enacted laws implementing these
articles of the Constitution. thus
providing the President with the
authority to use troops where
combinations" prevented the ex-
ecution of laws or court DEGREES.
The 1879 act. first used by George
Washington to put down the
Whisky Rebellion, limited the au-
thority to use Of the State mill
tias. But in 1907 the act was
amended to permit use Of Federal
forces. In 1861. these two au-
thorities. covering both militias
and Federal forces, were console
dated into a single provision of
the act.
In August. 1856. this law was
recodified. becoming Section 1872
Of Title 10. using phrases identi-
cal with the original act of 1892.
Section 1893 of Title 10, dealing
with authority to use Federal
troops to handle a combination
or conspiracy" formed for "insur-
rection" or domestic violence"
that hindered justice or deprived
people Of their rights. was enacted
IN 1871. 1t. too. was transferred to
Title 10 and received its present
designation in August. 1856.
Section 1874. another descendant
Of the 1892 law, requires the
proclamation. which Mr. Eisen-
hover issued on Monday. as a
prerequisite for calling out the
soldiers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29
By WILLIAM HINES

The portly, prosperous man in
the dark blue suit was vaguely
self-conscious as the big airplane
lifted itself from the Memphis
airport on the way from Little
Rock to Washington one night
last week.
you know" he said to his seat
mate, there was a lot of pub
licity about the fact that 1000
people we're out there at Central
High mobbing and rioting Mon
day. But people forget there we're
10000 Of us who were Winding
our own business-who hated
what was going on in front of the
school,"
The mana prominent manu-
facturer from Little Rock, it
turned out-had a good point. His
seatmate, a reporter, explained
that from a news point Of view
the normal makes few headlines;
It's the abnormal thing-from a
two-headed calf to a race riot
that makes what newsmen call a
story.
This mutual concession arrived
at, the two began a conversation
that lasted throughout the three
hours Of the fight. The talk
moved back to the lounge sec
ton Of the DC-6 and others Joined
the discussion. But the main
talker was the manufacturer from
Little Rock.
This whole thing was a
damned outrage" he said. ut
was just as unnecessary as any
thing could be. Faubus Gov.
Orvai e. Faubus Of ArkansasD
created a situation he was big
enough to start but too small to
control.
And we are reaping now-in q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29

Arkansas Gov. FaubuS put 1t
Thursday night, would be required
to enforce the Supreme Courts
ruling.
When Georgia's Senator Rich
ard Russell during the civil rights
debate last summer spoke darby
of the danger of Federal occupa-
tom of Southern areas, his
words seemed strangely out of key
with his usual dispaSSionate APP
proach. Impossible today, IS
years after Reconstruction, it was
said.
President Eisenhower, too,
found the idea of troops in the
South as unlikely as it was
abhorrent.
At the opening of his press
conference on July l7-74 days
ago-he was asked if he was
aware that presidential authority
for using troops to enforce school
integration existed. His answer:
g. l can't imagine any set
Of circumstances that would ever
induce me to send Federal troops
into any area to enforce the
orders of a Federal Court, because
I believe that the common sense
OF America will never require it
and / would never believe
that it would be a wise thing to
do in this country"
But the set Of circumstances
that the President found I'M
imaginable on July II was a stark
reality in Little Rock on Septem-.
Der %. On that day, Mr.. Eisen-
hover, in proclamation ordering
those responsible for the
"willful obstruction of justice" to
"disperse forthwith" stated:
Il will use the full power of
the United States. including what
ever force may be necessary. to
prevent any obstruction of the
law and to carry out the orders
of the Federal court"
And within "a hours. riot
trained troops of the 101St Air
borne Division we're rolling into
Little Rock. where a mob held
sway at Central High School.
The United States most serious
internal controversy since Gen.
P. @. T. Beauregard fired on Fort
Sumter on April IA, 1861, had
reached its climax.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29
PLANE FROM LITTLE ROCK
People Forget the Other 10000 of U.s.

business way-what he sowed on
Labor Day in that first speech of
his"
No Reason for IL
There was no more reason for
racial trouble in Little Rock, the
manufacturer said. than for racial
trouble on the moon. He pointed
out that the last trouble they had
in Little Rock was in 1890, when
one Negro was killed and a mob
tried to storm the Offices OF the
Arkansas Gazette.
That was the mob the sheriff
OF Pulaski County said was the
most orderly mob he ever had
SEEM" another passenger put in.
"Oh, yes" the manufacturer
commented. I'VE can always rely
on some saphead in public life TO
make a foolish remark"
He went on:
But seriously. Arkansas had for
years and years about the best
race relations Of any State in the
South-certainly the best of the
Deep South States. And the start
toward indignation we've made
successfully in the last three years
isn't the only proof"
A lawyer who commutes between
Little Rock, Memphis and New
York said amen" to this. Down
there in Arkansas the Negroes
vote-I just read somewhere that
10000 Negroes have registered and
paid their poll taxes this year in
Arkansas. They have Negroes on
the State Democratic Committee.
In short, the colored folks there
are about as close to political ma
turity as colored folks anywhere
in the South"
This brought to the manu-
factrers mind the fact that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29
The Legal Basis

There was considerable confu-
sion as to the authority the Pres
ident used in using Federal
troops to quell the Little Rock
rioting.
Mr.. Eisenhower's order cited his
authority by title and section, but
confusion arose over the origin
Of the law and the fact that Con-
gress. in passing the voting rights
bill last summer. had repealed an
old reconstruction era law that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29
SATURDAY

President Eisenhower, answer
ing a telegram from Georgia's
Senator Russell protesting the use
Of troops. indirectly blamed Gov.
Faubus for having created a situa-
ton compelling him to call out
the troops.
Mr.. Eisenhower said that there
would have been no violence If
the States police powers had been
used to support the courts order,
rather than flout it.
In Little Rock. Gov. Faubus said
he was considering a number Of
steps that might lead to the
troops withdrawal. including the
closing of the school and an
emergency session of the Legisla-
ture called TO deal with the crisis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29
tegration orders of the Federal
court were carried out.
TUESDAY

A crowd of more than 200 gath
cred around Central High School
in early morning. but no Negroes
showed UP for classes. Mr.. L. c..
Bates. president of the Arkansas
branch Of the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored
People, said that the Negroes
would not be advised to return
until the Federal Government
guaranteed their safety.
The hard-presSed city and State
police began to crack down on
trouble-makers. Eleven white men
and one Negro were arrested. Po-
lice cruisers and motorcycles
raced over the city throughout
the day, stopping automobiles and
searching persons. Five of those
arrested. known agitators. were
surrounded and picked up without
warning.
At nightfall. the Negro dis
trictS of the city were dark and
quiet.
Upon receiving reports shortly
after noon 90 am. Little Rock
time) that the mob had failed to
diSperSe. President Eisenhower
ordered Defense Secretary Wilson
to call into indefinite Federal
service the Arkansas National
Guard and Air National Guard,
and to use "such of the armed
forces of the United States as he
may deem necessary" to enforce
the courts indignation order.
BY 6 pm. Is Flying Boxcars"
had landed with paratroopers Of
che 101st from Kentucky. They
soon began taking up their posi-
tons around the school. and Mai.
Gen. Edwin A. Walker. command
ing the special unit of Bastogne
veterans, issued formal order to
the people Of Little Rock forbid
ding them to gather in crowds
and directing them to permit
peaceable indignation Of the school.
President Eisenhower returned
to Washington to address the Ma
ton via radio and TV on the
Little Rock crisis.
Solemn and unsmiling, Mr.. Eli
senhower said that he had or
dered Federal troops into Little
Rock as part Of his unacceptable"
responsibility to support the de-
crees Of Federal courts. UNLESS
the President did So" he said,
anarchy would result. Mob
rule cannot be allowed to override
the decisions Of the courts"
He spoke with a resolute voice
and there was a slight hint Of
anger as he clenched his fist and
denounced the "obstructionists,"
the "demogogic extremists" and
the "agitators" who have left
Americas enemies "gloating over
this incident and using it every
where to misrepresent our Ma
tim
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29
FRIDAY

The Little Rock scene again
was quiet as the Negroes COM
pleted their third full day of in
tegrated classes. They were again
escorted to school by file Of para
troopers. but there were no Incl
dents. Even the loiterers and on
lockers we're out Of sight. Attend
ance was UP SIS over Thursday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29
Potent Friend

On the surface Of things, It
seems surprising that the abso-
Lutte ruler Of a feudal monarchy
would be able to exercise any
considerable influence on Arab
states which have split sharply
with the past. Egypt, Syria, Leb-
anon have all broken away from
the ancient pattern. The modern
Arab nationalist has little in
common with the almost Arabian
Nights institutions Of Saudi
Arabia.
But the Saudi monarch, in adj
dition TO his vast wealth. is known
TO Arabs as a friend Of President
Continued on Page A-32
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29

Presidents action was applauded,
even by Democrats who felt that
he had waited too long to act.
The Mobile (Ala.) Register said
that relationships in government
are born exactly by the rule-by-
force approach which President
Eisenhower has chosen to use. :"
The Portland Oregonian praised
the move and warned: Let all the
South take notice" The New
York Herald Tribune said the
President had no practical choice
in the matter"
Some Of the politicians spoke
their minds. Adlai Stevenson
said. Federal force must be used
in this situation to put down
force"
Senator Olin Johnston, a for
mer South Carolina Governor,
spoke of civil war. IF. I were
Governor" said the Senator. land
he (the President) came in, I'd
give him fight such as he has
never had before. I'd call out
the National Guard. and then we'd
find out who's going to run things
In my State"
Alarmed Southern Governors,
in convention at Sea Island, Ga.
responded with an immediate
plea for a conference with the
President to talk about getting
the troops back to Kentucky. MIR.
Eisenhower will meet a delegation
OF the Governors on Tuesday here
in Washington.
Overseas, Pravda called Little
Rock the ugly reality of Amer
lean democracy" The London
Daily Herald Of Britain's Socialist
Labor Party said. There's some
thing rotten in the State of Ar
kansas rotten through and
through white skinned rot
teneSS that oozes from a black
and deviliSh unseen pigment in
their souls" L'Humanite in Paris
used a front-page cartoon show
ing ali American family watching
a lynching on TV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29

The reaction Of Americans to
the deployment of Federal troops
in a State capital against the
wishes Of State authorities gen.
orally were divided geograph-
ically: In the South there were
loud outcries; in the North the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-29
REVIEW OF THE WEEK
Race Violence and Federal Force

On May IT, 1854 the day the Supreme Court struck
down public school segregation, no one who knew the
Southern temper could have doubted that there would be
against sending Negro and white children to the
same schools
But until this month few people imagined that Federal
troops with the cold steel of unSheathed baYonets"as
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1957-01-10

cident and would be able to re-.
turn to his home in a few days.
Don Ralston returned this
weekend from his vacation in
Seattle.
Mrs. Blanche McGill of Libby
was a guest at the Norman Walk.
er home several days this past
week.
Gerry Agen of Spokane visited
several days with his aunt, Mrs.
Vic Overcast. They hadn't seen
each other for some time so had
quite a bit of news to discuss.
Mrs. VIM. Palmershiem of St.
Cloud, Mimi. is visiting her
daughter. Lucy. in Browning.
Sunday they were visiting friends
in East Glacier Park.
Mrs. Lyle McMullin is busy
moving into their new home, the
house formerly occupied by Mr..
and Mrs. Fred Noble. Lyle plans
on returning from the hospital
this week.
Mrs. Robert Brown entertained
a group of ladies at her home
Tuesday afternoon honoring Mrs.
Cora Dupras. Mrs. Dupras will
leave this week for a trip to
California and other points, and
plans on being gone a couple
of months. The group presented
her with a going away gift.
The Missouri Lutheran spon.
sored Sunday School will be held
in the school house for the re-.
mainder of the winter. Church
will also be held there. The
next church service will be Jan.
uary i3.
The weather continued nice all
week until Sunday evening,
about seven o'clock when the
wind started to blow as it can
only blow in Glacier Park. There
were slight skiffs of snow but
when we woke up Monday morn.
ing the snow was really falling
and continued all day. Colder
weather is predicted for Monday
night and Tuesday. so l guess
our nice weather will leave US
for awhile. The wind isn't blow.
ing today (Tuesday) so the snow
is staying put.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1957-01-10
East Glacier Park
Mrs. Lee Burns

Mr.. and Mrs. Harry (Herk)
Thompson left Thursday noon
for about months trip. Herk
said that they did not have a
definite destination but were 60.
ing where 1t was warm.
Lind Lutz of Cut Bank spent
several days here this past week.
Mr.. George Roberts and the
Moyee Brothers we're New Year
day dinner guests at the Lynn
Warning home.
George Roberts spent Wednes.
day of last week in Cut Bank.
Mr.. and Mrs. Herbert Chase
spent Christmas Day and New
Years Day in Kalispell.
Mr.. and Mrs. Everett Williams
of Great Falls were guests at
the Herb Chase home three days
during Christmas week.
Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Evans Bet
ty ANN and family from Myers
Creek Ranger Station were at
the Vic Overcashes during the
holidays. Mrs. Evans is the
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Over.
cash.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hinton Overcast
of Cut Bank were New Years
day guests at the Overcast home.
Russell Graves had the misfor.
tune to break his ankle Wednes.
day.
Word was received from Mrs.
]. S. Jefferies that her husband
is recovering from his recent &C.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1957-01-10

Church services we're conduct.
ed at the Catholic church at Babb
on Christmas Day. There was a
very small attendance. The
Methodist parish have Bible
classes Monday nights after
school. That would be an excel.
lent chance for the Catholics to
meet at the same time. As it is
only part of the children benefit
from the services.
Eugene Grounds called at the
Babb school Monday to arrange
schedule to show some movies
on sanitation.
Earl and Elizabeth Siers re-.
turned from a trip to Malta
where they visited friends and
attended the wedding of their
niece.
The rumor is that a test was
made at the Carway oil drill at
about 10000 feet and there was
evidence of oil. They are to
make another test this week.
Dick Brown was in Babb gath.
ering some of his belongings be.
fore Micky Harrison moved into
his house.
Joe Houseman went back to his
home on the west shore of St.
Mary Lake after spending the
holidays with Chan Paisley.
Christmas dinner guests at the
Paisley ranch we're Mr.. and Mrs.
Calvin Lancaster and Darrell,
Sarah Lancaster, Grace Barnett
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1957-01-10
State Fur Valuation
Shows Decline From
LONG Time Average

A Montana Fish and Game de.
partment report released this
week showed that furs taken
during the past season in Mon
tana totaled Appropriately $1,000
pelts, valued at $4,000.
This valuation Is near the long
period average of $4,000 but
considerably lower than the
$422, 900 catch during the l95455
period, Fletcher Newly, fur bio
logist, stated. Reasons for this
decline, he said, we're poor fall
weather conditions and falling
prices for muskrat and beaver
pelts.
Beaver, mink, muskrat and
marten produced SO per cent of
the pelts and nearly all of the
income.
The most important fur pro.
ducing areas are in the western
mountainous portion of the state
and in the "high.line" area. north
of the Missouri River. Since
three of the most important fur
animals are associated with
bodies of water, it Is natural that
their greatest abundance should
be in or near the watershed and
glaciated pothole areas, Newly
said.
Fur animals are a unique re.
source in that they provide a di.
rect cash crop with moderate in
vestment by the trapper. Trap
ping in Montana is frequently
done by seasonal workers at
time of the year when other
types of employment are scarce,
Newly stated. More than a hum
dred different occupations are
listed by trappers. Among them
are such unlikely ones as &C.
countant. bartender. engineer,
fireman, housewife, automobile
dealer and laboratory technician.
Recreation as we'll as remunera.
ton is apparently a motive for
trapping effort by many people,
Newly concluded.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1957-01-10

and Joe Houseman.
John Balotto of Peskan was
home from Fort Harrison for a
few days but went back for more
medical attention.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Taylor are
in Helena this week. They are
friends of the Wesley Castles.
Dick Rieshus and family left
Babb after Christmas. They had
no definite plans, but were just
going to drive southwark until
they found suitable climate and
employment.
The Percy DeWolfe's were
guests of the Les Heushers's for
New Years.
There we're two New Years
Eve parties held in the neigh.
borhood. One was held at the
Chief Mountain Guest Ranch
and one was held at the George
Peterson home. A splendid even.
ing of enjoyment was reported.
Vince Bash had the misfortune
of losing most of his small flock
of sheep by dogs. The sheep
that didn't die were badly chew.
ed and bitten.
Audrey Powell is back in
school and Is feeling fine since
her operation.
Henry Whitford has been ap.
pointed truant officer. School
attendance has been quite high.
Only one or two families are vic.
lators of the attendance laws
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1957-01-10

and can now be made to comply
since we have a truant officer.
Rod and Bernice Paisley play.
ed for the DeMolay dance at the
Cut Bank High School gym on
New Years Eve.
Melford Overdahl has been do.
ing some finishing work on the
new school building.
Ed and Alice Stilwell are back
at the MIG ranch after a trip
to Chinook.
Al and Helen Staples are visit.
ing in the Middle East.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1957-01-10
Flathead County Areas
Closed To Elk Hvntina

The Montana Fish and Game
commission this week ordered
that two areas in Flathead coun.
ty will be closed to the hunting
of elk at 800 p. m. Monday,
January 7.
The area lying between the
Glacier National Park boundary
and U. S. Highway No. 2 from
West Glacier to Summit will
close at that time, as will the
Pleasant Valley-Lost Prairie
area.
The latter area Is described as:
beginning at the Hill Top Bar
on Highway No. 2, thence north.
westerly through Marion and up
the old grade to Haskell Pass,
thence to the right and northerly
up the divide between Herrig
Greek and Elbow Creek drainage
to Forest Service Trail No. 36A,
thence westerly along this trail
to the Lincoln county line and
continue westerly along the coun.
ty line to the old grade, thence
south along the old grade to the
Pleasant Valley school, thence
southerly along the Lost Prairie
road to Boisverts on McGresor
lake. thence easterly along High.
way No. 2 to the point of begin.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1957-01-10

Sydney, Australia - The res.
cue of a seaman, who had fallen
overheard, from the liner South.
ern Cross. was made possible
when an albatross. the great sea.
bird that became a symbol of dis
aster to the Ancient Mariner"
landed on the chest of the sailor.
The seaman was obscured by
waves until the albatross landed
on him and served as a beacon
to the rescuers.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1957-01-10

purpose of raising money to com.
plete the multi.purpose part of
the new addition. There were
thirty.One votes for it and one
against.