davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montgomery County sentinel., 1957-10-03
Square Dance Sets
Suing Out Soon
At County Glasses

Can't square dance? Or do you
know a little about it but would
like to learn more?
Well, in either case, your prob
lens are over. The Gate Swing
ers, a newly-formed group, holds
sessions for beginners and inter-
mediate dancers weekly. The be-
ginners will meet every Thursday
night, starting October 3 for eight
weeks. The time is $3.50 until
II pm. at the Viers Mill Element
airy School.
The intermediates meet every
second and fourth Monday at 8:45
pm. Jack Clark, a county physi-
cal education teacher, is the
caller.
Montgomery County sentinel., 1957-10-03
By Steed Evans
Staff Reporter
zone of q Series


Many of the scenes of the turb-
ulent times during which Mont
gomery County was born were
seen through the eyes of a rev.
cred colored slave, one Shadrach
Nugent.
Shadrack was the son of an
Irish woman convict, brought to
this country by man to whom
she had been indentured for
seven years, and of a slave from
Guinea. Shadrach was born near
Rockville in 1861.
When he still a boy, Shadrach
was bound over to George Graft,
of Frederick. Shadrack was a
body servant to Graft when the
latter became a lieutenant in an
independent artillery company
during the Revolutionary War.
According to the History of
Western Maryland, by ]. Thomas
Scharff, Shadrack accompanied
1t. Graft to Baltimore and the
town was in great confusion
from the imminent attack by the
British.
One day, Scharff says, Graft
called Shadrack to his billet.
Water and Whisky
HE tole me-" said Shadrack,
IF dem English come, to fill my
canteen with water and his'n wild
whisky, and hang bofe around
my shoulders.
when dey got to fightn' wild
dem Britishers, he wanted me to
stand right squar behind him and
hand him whisky to drink, and
he said if l didn't do dat, as how
he'd haul out his pistol and shoot
me dead.
"Well, you jeS believe me hon.
ey, / was scared, was l, and l
had made up my mind that if
dem Britishers had come, to
jump down in a gully, canteen
and all and git, kase l Warn't
gwine to be killed by the British
ers nor Massa George neider,
and he would have killed me,
suah. Dem Dutch allus keeps
dere word"
When the war ended, George
Graft bought a farm three miles
north of Rockville on what then
was called the Frederick Road, or
Route 240 He gave Shadrach his
free papers" and Nugent went
to work, at 21, at the Tridelphia
Factory near Brookeville.
He broke rock in the quarry
for some time and also did farm
work While staying with his
sister in Brookeville, the War of
1872 broke out and Shadrack said
he could see the light of burning
Washington.
His brother, Eli, who was liv-
ing in George Town, came to stay
with Shadrack because "ebber-
Montgomery County sentinel., 1957-10-03
Historic Montgomery
Rockville Stare
Was Early Son

body in Washington is scared"
Shadrack went to Washington
the year Madison was elected
President. He said of Washing
ton:
1T warn't much of place den,
honey; all de place whar 1 lives
now was swamp, and houses on
Pennsylvania venue were
mighty scarce"
Shadrack was married the day
that Jackson took his seat in the
White House. One of Nugent's S
sons was killed in the Civil War
and another worked at the Old
Ebbitt Grill, still doing business
on F Street NV.
"Moon Man"
Old Shadrack was last noted
standing on street corners in
Washington, selling his History
of the Moons" His compilation
of the changes of the moon were
said to have been most accurate
and he became known as THE
Moon Man" Around his neck he
wore placard which read:
"Shadrack Nugent was en-
campel on Federal Hill, Biltimore,
Md, with 1t. George Graft, of
the artillery, as his body servant,
102 years ago this July, 1880,
when Gen. Lafayette reinforced
Gen. Washington at Yorktown,
Va. was IS years old then and
| am 119 wears old nnW-n
Montgomery County sentinel., 1957-10-03
By Naomi l.. Wood
Telephone Oliver 2-9584

The Cabin John Citizens Asso-
citation at its September II meet
ing had as guest speaker Prof.
Henry Briefs, of Georgetown
University and the Presidents
Council of Economic Advisers.
Since the subject was Causes
and Cures for Initiation" the au-
dience was a little scared when
the Professor handed out charts
to everyone. But his elucidation
of the charts turned out to be
right clear and interesting and
not a bit formidable.
Professor Briefs thought the
present initiation might last a
long time yet. 1t was his well
educated guess that tax reduc-
tions were not likely, although he
did think housing might get some
special "shots in the arm" In
the course of his remarks, the
Professor gave an "impromptu
lecture" on how to save and get
ahead. However, he had to ad-
NIT that with five children he
found this pretty difficult. (Your
correspondent has only four chill
dren, but was nevertheless not
surprisedD
The Professor also thought that
people were going to be taking
lot of thought before making
large purchases, such as automo-
biles, during the next period.
American manufactures will be
turning out small cars to compete
Montgomery County sentinel., 1957-10-03
LWV Calendars on Sale

The Montgomery County
League of Women Voters this
week announced the availability
of their annual calendar, for SO
cents each. They may be pur-
chased at the Wheaton News
Stand; Center Book Store, Be.
thesda; Woodward & Lothrop's
Bethesda store; the Leagues of.
flee, 937 Pershing Drive, Silver
Spring and other news stands.
Montgomery County sentinel., 1957-10-03

deemer, Fairway Hills, Is what to
put down on your calendar. Mem
bership chairman is Charlotte
Moore, Oliver 4-1127.
S. o. S, We really need an ac-
companist, too, in the worst way.
Any pianist in the audience who
would find it fun to rehearse with
a group like us? We're real nice,
honestly
Montgomery County sentinel., 1957-10-03

Scotch Broth, Chicken Noodle,
Vegetable Beef. Beef, Beef
Noodle, BouiIlon, Chicken,
Chicken Gumbo, Clam Chowdsr,
Consomms, Mushroom, Onion,
Cream Of Chicken, Chicken
Vegetable. Minestrone. Turkey
Noodle.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
Soviet Separates
Courts From Grip
OF Secret Police

LONDON, Feb. 10 R.--Rus-
sia's Supreme Soviet has d.
vorced the nations courts from
the grip Of the secret police and
the armed forces. 1t also cut
the number Of Supreme Court
judges from 70 TO IL and named
new chief justice.
Addressing the Supreme So
Wet. M. A. Pasnov, q leading
Communist Party and govern
ment official, said the courts
special consultation with the
USSR ministry Of internal af-
fairs tsecret police has been
abolished"
His announcement added
Gases OF crimes committed by
MISUNDERSTANDING espionage
have been transferred from the
competence Of military tribunals
TO courts Of the country's re-
publicS."
In the past the secret police
handled, or had its hand In
nearly every case against an in
dividual citizen. When the cit
izen came UP for trial on serious
charges, military tribunals nearly
always heard the case. and
PASSED. Judgment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
DORIS FLEEsON
Democratic Gathering on Coast

tional issues. They will stake
a claim to the succession to
Chairman Butler-California
National Committeeman Paul
Ziffren is willing to make the
sacrifice. Some of them are
talking about a place for the
West on the 1860 ticket which
is the real point Of the Morse
for-President boom.
One reason Democrats are
minimizing their differences Is
the excellent prospect for i'm
proving their position in Con-
gress next year. Only IL Of
their Senate seats will be up
and all are relatively safe.
Republicans must defend II
places Of which at least IL are
slated for close contests.
The party debts and need
for money remain. The Gore
elections subcommittee made
a tabulation Of direct expendi-
lures in the 1856 campaign
which showed Republicans
spending $40. 685. 1877 and Dem
ocrats tl0,977.790. Even II the
Democrats got all that labor
spent. which was about q mil
lion. and part Of miscellaneous.
which was 100000. the gap
between the two parties Is
huge. The problem Is how to
close It.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
DAYID LAWKGNSE
Why the Stock Market Decline?

looks 1t. The doctrine that
every year labor must have an
advanced wage or else union
leadership is not doing its job
has taken hold to the extent
that. unless something is done
to stabilize wages. there will be
a depression which will con-
firm all the statements that
recently have been made about
hair curling"
Until wages are stabilized,
prices will not be stabilized.
Until wages and prices are
both stabilized, the purchasing
power Of the dollar will not be
stabilized.
Money is like any other COM
modity-when 1t grows scarce,
it becomes more expensive.
The Federal Government is US
ing UP many billions of dollars
that ought normally to flow
into productive enterprise. The
public is lending the Govern
ment vast sums and hence
there is less and less money
available for private enter
prise. Congress could cut the
budget and put an end to
luxury spending. but it is
afraid Of political repercus-
sions. So the situation drifts
on without any remedy in
sight.
Confidence in the monetary
unit is a delicate thing. When
the public begins to see clearly
the nature Of the deadlock be-
tween sound economics and
unhealthy politics. the end re-
suit Is a sense Of Illustration.
Public opinion. however. is
today beginning to make itself
felt. Congress is hearing
from back home that labor
monopolies have gone too far.
that money has become too
scarce. that public spending is
too high and that it's time for
more reliance to be placed on
local communities and States
rather than on the Federal
Government.
The basic economy is strong.
and the debate and discussion
are useful in reversing the
tides Of responsibility which
in recent years have character
lied the field Of wages and
prices and public spending.
Reproduction Rights Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13

The Suez Canal crisis has
brought to the fore in the
Senate an unexpected and
genuine "agoniZing reap
praisal" Of the United Nations
and its efficacy as a world
organization to preserve in
ternational justice and peace.
The so-called "Knowland-
Bridges team" which has
raised doubts about the dou-
ble-standard international mo-
rality whereby the U. N. is
willing to crack down on the
weak members and gloss over
the sins of the powerful ones,
has made a deep impact on
the vast majority of the Sem
ate as well as in the country.
Baskets full Of kilograms and
thousands Of letters are pour
ing into the Offices of the sem
Tor Senators from California
and New Hampshire. congrat-
ulating them on their forth
right criticism of the antics
Of the world organization.
Last Monday nights speech
delivered by Senator Know
land at Georgetown University
listed the major defects in
the functioning Of the UNI"
These stem principally from
the USSR's and the Afro
Asian bloc's unwillingness to
cooperate honestly for a
genuine world peace. Senator
Knowland believes the world
organization should mend its
fences by having the Security
Council circumvent Russia's
veto. A provision of the Char
ter requires a party to a dis
pute to refrain from voting.
II the Soviet representative
made a point Of order to the
ruling of the chair and de-
cided to walk out of the
United Nations (as Hungary
did last December. so be it,"
the Republican Senate leader
said.
Arguments have been heard
in Washington political circles
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Democrats say the next four years will be thrilling.
Iheyve got at least dozen presidential candidates.
Of which will be positive Joy get rid Of
What the Federal budget needs strong man who'll do
something about the bill Ike from
Republican Chairman Acorn says D m ocrats have
vision whereas Republicans the future bright they
don't dare venture into it without blndfolds
Britain 100000 Americans England last year
Hall were women who went to London busnessthe
OF going any place to keep their husbands from
Democratic Congressman Walter to halt the
garlan refugee program shows the first
English that Hungarans learn Republican prosperity
One spinster she's the admnsra-
on 1t keeps the wolf far away door, she can't hear
his whistle.
Dr. Hauge kes economic adviser says wage-prce
trolls are planned This is absolutely FINLAND subject
change without notice.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
CONSTANTINE BROWN
KnowIondTs Attack on Organization
Seen Impressing Senate and Citizens

that the strong criticisms
leveled at the United Nations
by the two most influential
Republican leaders in the Sen
ate indicate a serious rift with
the political concepts of Presi-
dent Eisen hover. This is
doubtful. 1t is true that in re-
cent years the Chief Executive
has been prone to make that
international organization into
the main diplomatic instru-
ment Of the United States.
Ever since the administration
entrusted to Secretary General
Dag Hammarskjold the task Of
handling the m a tier of the
American captives in Commu-
mist China instead of making
1t into an American affair,
foreign diplomatic missions In
Washington have quipped that
Hammarskjold has become this
country's No. l Secretary Of
State.
President Eisenhower, how
ever, has not always been a
faithful believer in the United
Nations as he now appears to
be. A pamphlet published FIVE
years ago by Kelvin Mccain,
author of 1.-THE Man From
Abilene" provides an intimate
picture of Eisenhower's funda-
mental thinking about many
things, including the United
Nations. In response to a let
ter from lifelong associates
who had expressed in Novem-
Der. 1850, the hope that "you
won't be talked into that At
lantic pact job" Gen. Eisen-
hover made it clear that in the
absence of an effective United
Nations as a vehicle for our
foreign policy. he was pinning
his hopes on the success of the
NATO. Il rather look upon
this effort" he wrote. "as
about the last rem aiming
chance for the survival Of the
Western civilization. Our eff
forts in the United Nations
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
DORIS FLEEsON
Stevenson Expected to Discover There
He's No Longer Voice in Wilderness

Democrats at their weekend
conference in San Francisco
will subdue their recrimina-
tons in order to concentrate
on their biggest problem:
Money.
In the major speech Of the
occasion. Adlai Stevenson
again will give light and lead
ership on foreign policy. For
whatever comfort it is to him,
he will no longer be a voice in
the wilderness since Senate
Democrats are now vigorously
echoing his campaign themes.
National Chairman Paul
Butler is secure in the always
,thankleSs Job Of running
Washington headquarters for
the party out Of power at the
White House. from whence all
patronage blessings flow. Party
liberals eager to establish a
counterpoise to the Rayburn-
Johnson congressional leader
ship have found no one Of
stature now willing to take the
Craftsmanship. much less fight
for 1t.
They will continue through
the National Advisory Com
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
Finds Indid's Attitude Annoyinu

armed forces and q diversion
Of funds from internal develop
ment.
The unremitting radio at
tacks Of Egypt and Syria on
Iraq and Turkey are certainly
adding to tension In the Mid
die East. But In this quarrel,
the Indian government Is SYM
pathetic to Egypt. It's role is
not. as far as I can see, that
Of conciliator.
Although the five points pro-
posed by India for the regu-
lation Of relations between
states bar interference in the
internal affairs Of other states,
Indians themselves do not fol-
low this rule. They think some
states are good" and some
bad" and are quick to de-
nounce the United States for
backing reactionary govern
ments"-the logical corollary
being that we should do what
India officially denounces. in
terfere to create or destroy
governments.
In short, It's very hard to
please Indians.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13

mittee an effort to dilute the
strongly Southern flavor
impaired to party policy by
the fact that senior Southern
erS dominate the Democratic
Congress.
Continuing their policy of
dignifie d nonacquiescence
Speaker Rayburn and Senate
Leader johnson will not 60 to
San Francisco. They previ-
ously refused membership on
The advisory committee.
While the money problem
is privately debated, a num-
Der Of propaganda offensives
will be launched.
Western Democrats will take
advantage Of their position on
the home grounds to emphasize
their 1856 election triumphs.
The unexpected victories OF
Frank Church in Idaho and
John Carroll in Colorado en-
abled the party to control the
Senate; the House majority is
largely indebted to Westerners
from districts which have
rarely II ever gone Democratic.
The Westerners want power
and water stressed as ma
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13

signatories are attacked by
Russia. ALI parties to the pact.
with the exception OF Great
Britain, have direct frontiers
on Russia and /or on countries
not at all reliable in case
Of a Russian advance. such
as Afghanistan which has
territorial claims against
Pakistan.
Military alliances led by
great powers are basically in
compatible with the spirit and
intent Of the United Nations.
But the burden OF the Indian
complaint is never, 1t seems to
me. directed against the Soviet
military bloc. which. embracing
states from the heart OF
Europe eastward across the
whole Eurasian continent, is
the most formidable military
alliance in the world today.
There is q tendency. II not TO
condone, at least to explain.
and somewhat alphabetically,
even such Soviet enormities
as the assassination Of Hun
gary.
Nehru. in a conversation I
had with him. advanced the
theory that Russia after an
initial retreat. feared. when
the attack on Suez occurred.
that it might be the prelude to
a third world war. He there
fore felt it necessary to sup
press any possibility Of a de-
lection TO the West Of Z state
directly on her frontiers. /
could not intellectually accept
this explanation, considering
the stand that America had
taken on the Suez crisis,
previous to the Hungarian
suppression, when we voted to
prevent the extension OF the
war, while the Soviets' previous
offer OF volunteers" to Egypt
was certainly not likely TO
Jacify the situation.
India, while condemning
Western military alliances. is
not disposed to offer or accept
alternatives. The Prime Min
lister Of 1raq proposed to Nehru
as an alternative to the Bagh-
dad pact the founding Of a
strong defensive neutral bloc
III Asia, to include India, PAX
istan, Afghanistan, Turkey and
the Arab states. Nehru re-
jected this as one that would
provoke the Soviets and de-
lnapd an increase Of India .
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
'Agonizing Reopproisor of the U.N

have been defeated by vetoes
of hostile groups"
Much water has gone over
the dam since the days when
f1ve-star Gen. Dwight Eisen-
hover looked at the antics
of the United Nations SO OBJ
jectively and accurately. One
world and do-good pressure
groups have attempted to in
fluence his thinking. Whether
they have succeeded in infll-
trating his mind as deeply as
they now claim is a moot
question.
The Senate OF the United
States is accustomed to voice
its thinking on basic matters
more loudly than the House.
There was a time when the
utterances of a very few Sem
ators against the performances
of the U. N. were considered a
sort of leSe majesty.
Inasfar as this country it.
self is concerned. it was the
United Nations which deprived
us Of victory in the Korean
war. costing us 100000 casual
ties and upwards of SIS billion.
But it was the cowardly atti-
tude of the U. N. in the mas
sacre of the Hungarian free
dom fighters by Russian tanks
and Mongol divisions which
downgraded the U. N. in the
r''--'~ of tho American people
and their representatives In
u - ~.....
Do the leaders and the rank
and file of the Senate differ in
their thinking from the basic
thinking of President Eisen-
hover? The answer can be
cleaned from a letter written
by Eisenhower to a friend in
Chicago in 1851 in which he
wrote. again according to Nc
Cams Eisenhower Creed:
There is only one angle from
which to approach any inter-
national problems; from that
of America first. :. want to
make it clear that I am not an
'internationalist' in the sense
that l am willing to trust
Americas welfare to an in
ternational congress Of Just
any kind"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13
Business Movements Held Reodjustment
To Supply of Necessary Capital
DAVID LAWRENCE

Will business be good? Are
we headed for a readjuStment
of some kind? What's the
meaning of the talk about
depression" and of the de-
cline in the stock market?
These questions are being
widely discussed. and it's about
the healthiest thing that has
happened in a long while,
For the theory that there
are no limits to what can be
borrowed, that not much at
tention need be given to pay
ing back public debt, that
wages can rise a substantial
amount every year, and that
prices can go UP to meet rising
costs and everything will be
rosy just the same. is the very
thing that leads to economic
imbalance and general distress.
The economic system is too
big to be controlled by any
single device, either Of credit
or anything else. Restricting
the amount that can be bor-
rowed is not in and Of itself a
remedy.
The success Of the American
system is based on a continu-
ance each year Of healthy
profits. This doesn't mean
that the owners themselves
become saturated with wealth
AS the radicals like to argue.
1t means that profits. when
large, can be set aside as sur
plus and new jobs can be
created ecause the surplus
can be used to manufacture
plant and equipment needed to
attain greater efficiency.
But profits lately have been
coming down. Last year saw
the trend begin to decline.
When larger companies find
their costs so high that they
cannot get the same rate of
profits as before, it means they
have to cut down on dividends
to stockholders. And when
dividends start going off, the
stocks themselves begin to be
less attractive to buyers and
the market begins to slide
downward.
This doesn't necessarily mean
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-13

depression or recession. 1t
means readjustment. Business
has to find its capital some
how. If it finds the supply OF
outside credit limited, it must
start building up inside credit
from it's surplus. Represent
alive Patman of Arkansas.
Democrat. calls this "costless
capital" This is illusory. For
when business has to dip into
its reserves and ceases to pay
customary dividends. the stock
holders pay for that use Of
capital because they are de-
prived of dividends they might
otherwise have gotten - the
wages Of their invested capital.
The company. moreover, loses
the interest it previously had
received when INVESTING its
surplus.
The overall situation today
defles generalization. 8 I'm e
businesses are going ahead as
usual. Others feel the pinch
Of tight money" or restricted
credit.
There Is much talk in Con-
gress about small business.
Lots Of committees show con-
Germ over 1t, and lots Of dem
agoguery is heard on the
subject. There are many small
businesses that are prospecting
and many that are not. Some
times this latter condition is
due to incompetent manage
ment and inefilciency. but
more often 1t is due to the
cost factors over which neither
large nor small businesses have
any control. While the big
businesses with long record
Of earnings that they have put
aside for times Of stress are
able to weather such storms.
the smaller concerns are not
so fortunate. A mere pittance
in tax relief wouldn't help them
much. That's just a piece of
political fakery.
The biggest single factor
that neither large nor small
business can overcome is the
persistent rise in wage costs
Congress conveniently over