davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-08

people think of all foreign aid
as economic aid, overlooking the
fact that over IS per cent goes
into military aid.
1--WE believe that an expanded
long-range development program
is the most promising method for
promoting internal peace and
stability in the underdeveloped
nations. for relieving tensions
which might otherwise lead to
external aggression and war;"
the report says.
I The Johnston board made four
proposals;
/. That capital fund be
established and operated through
the International Cooperation
Administration. 1t would be the
sole United States agency pro-
noting long-term economic
growth in underdeveloped areas
,. That the initial United
States appropriation be large
enough to permit the fund to
operate for several years.
8. That the fund be large
enough to allow substantial
increase in economic develop
ment and technical assistance
spending.
4. That major emphasis should
be on loans rather than grants,
but grants should be permitted
where required. Financing of
technical assistance should con-
tlnue on grant basis.
Unlike the FairlesS committee
the Johnston group makes no
distinction between American
allies and neutrals. The Fairless
panel recommended giving pri-
ority to allies.
Sees Big Benefits
The IDAB finds that "a rela-
lively moderate United States
Government effort could make a
significant increase in the cap
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-08

ital formation in the under
developed countries"
/ In Asia and Africa, the total
capital formation is now only ST
billion a year, the report said.
In Latin America it is only So
billion a year.
Technical assistance for Latin
America. Asia and Africa should
be expanded as rapidly as more
skilled people can be brought in
to the program" Mr.. Johnston's
board recommends.
On the need among backward
nations for capital, the advisory
board said: The United States,
through the fund, would supply
the vital, though marginal,
amounts of capital needed to
promote economic progress, to
avert a lapse into economic stag
nation"
Like the Fairless group, the
IDAB faVors Joint Government
private financing ana interna-
tlonai collaboration. The Inter-
national Development Fund, it is
proposed. could take a junior
position with respect to the capt.
tai OF other institutions. that is,
payments to the latter could take
precedence over payments to
the fund"
Cites Indian Combine
The Johnston group cites a
development combine in India as
an example OF international gov
ernment-private collaboration.
Private investors Of India, the
United Kingdom and the United
States joined the World Bank
and the government of India in
setting up the Industrial Credit
and Investment Corp. of India.
The private American partici-
pants are the Bank of America
DIN Mathieson Chemical Corp.
Westinghouse Electric Interna-
tional Corp, and the Rockefeller
brothers.
Similar cooperative invest
ment schemes could be used for
regional projects like Jordan
River development. the advisory
board said.
The International Develop
ment Advisory Board was es-
tablished in 1850 to advise and
consult with the President and
his foreien-aid director. Nelson
Rockefeller was its first chair
man.
Besides Chairman Johnston,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-08

of our Government must give a
top priority to the consideration
OF a comprehensive, systematic
and adequate program of assist
ance for +. the underdeveloped
countries" Senator Case said.
He criticized the report Of
the special study commission
headed by Mr.. Fairless.
Senator Case said:
The Johnston report deals
directly, as the Fairless report
does not. with the question Of
economic assistance for UNDER
developed nations"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-08

the Government establish a
special International Develop
ment Fund. well insulated from
the military aid program.
No dollar figure was given on
the proposed size of the furd,
The board merely asks an
initial appropriation sufficient
for several years at a "substan-
italy increased" level of spend
ing. Present programs amount
to something less than 81 bill
| lion.
The fund would be the United
States sole instrument for pro-
viding technical assistance ana
capital to Latin America. Asia
and Africa.
international RFC"
| Chairman Johnston sees the
proposed fund as a sort of "RFC
of international finance" He
refers to the old Reconstruction
Finance Corporation which made
loans involving risks that banks
could not take.
Mr.. Johnston said he emissions
the International Development
Fund as the latest in a series
of international Lenders of last
resort" The World Bank, he
recalled, was the first of these,
established a decade ago to lend
on more generous terms than
private banks.
Next came the International
Finance Corporation, also a
brain-child of the International
Development Advisory Board,
The newly-proposed fund. Mr.
Johnston said, would be softer
lending agency" than IFC.
1t would make unilateral or
multilateral loans, in collabora-
ton with other governments or
with private lenders. foreign or
domestic.
Limits Reports Scope
On Wednesday. another presi-
dental panel. headed by steel
executive Benjamin Fairless. also
made a strong plea for increas-
ing ong-range economic devel-
lopment. The Fairless group.
however, made recommendations
on the whole range of United
States collective security expen-
ditures.
The Johnston group confined
/ its recommendations to the eco
nomic development field
One Of the difficulties Mr.
Johnston's International Devel-
opment Advisory Board has en-
countered. he said. is a wide
spread public misrepresentation
about how much the United
States now spends on economic
aid. The board found that many
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-08

present board members are
Gardner Cowles, president of
Cowles Magazines. Inc; Lloyd
A Mashburn, president of the
International Union of Wood,
Wire and Metal Lathers; DR.
Robert P. Daniel, Virginia State
College president; Lee w. Min
ton. international president OF
the Glass Bottle Blowers Asso-
cation Harvey S. Firestone, jr.
chairman of the Firestone Tire
q Rubber Co; Dr.. w. 1. Myers
dean Of New York State College
OF Agriculture, Cornell Univer-
sity; j. Peter Grace. president
of w. r. Grace & Co.; Herschel
D. Newsom. master. National
Grange; DR.. Wilton L. Halver-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-08

son. dean emeritus, School of
Public Health, University of
California; William M. Rand,
former deputy director OF the
Mutual Security Agency; j
Ramsay Harris, a member of the
United States Committee for
UNICEF. and Laurence F.
Whittemore chairman of the
board of Brown Co.
In a prepared Senate speech
Senator Clifford Case, Republican
OF New Jersey. praised the john
ston report today.
THE time has come. believe,
when those at the highest levels
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-08
Presidents Advisers Urqe
New Foreign Aid Fund
By EARL III. VOSS

Another presidential advisory board today suggested
in the United States spending
for underdeveoped nations.
of 10 businessmen labor leaders farm representa-
tive and educators headed by motion picture
Johnston has recommended that the Government establish
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-08

THE EVENING STAR, Washington, D. c. >. A-o
z Iaar
Evening star., 1957-04-21

the progress of the London ses-
sion which began a month ago
Mr., StasSen will leave Washing
ton Tuesday for RESUMPTION OF
the meeting in the British capital
Wednesday following an Easter
recess.
The statement said:
1T was thought that the me-
gotiations thus far conducted
warranted a continuation OF a
serious effort to reach an initial
partial agreement for a first step
if proper safeguard for inspec-
ition and control are agreed to-
Topics discussed in the unusual
Saturday conference. the state
ment added. included initial re-
iductions Of ornaments and man.
power on a reciprocal basis; arms
inspection systems. both ground
and air: the United States pro-
posal for cutting of at a given
date fashionable production foi
weapons purposes: and the ex-
change Of lists Of armament and
blue prints" ~
Evening star., 1957-04-21
Ohio Alumni to Honor
z Area Medical Men

Two area men are among -four
graduates Of the College Of Medi.
cine of Ohio State University
Columbus. who will be honored
at the annual Medical Alumni
at the school Saturday.
They are Col. B...un L. Steger
of 1901 Cumberland street NV.
class of 1888, and 1t. Col. Frank
iB. Rogers. Of l03l6 Freeman
place, Kensington, Md.
Col. Steger If chief OF the
Education and Training Divi-
sion, Office of the Surgeon Gen.
Ieral, Army Department. and Col
Rogers is director of the National
Library of Medicine. U. S. Public
Health Service.
Evening star., 1957-04-21
u. 5. Resumes
Aid 10 Israe|is
BY the Associated Press

The United States and Israel
have agreed on a new American
aid program and aid supplies
are beginning to move normally
again following the disruption
caused by Israel's attack on
Egypt last fall.
The new program is UNDER
stood to total about $25 million
and TO provide for surplus farm
products and various kinds Of
machinery and other equipment
and supplies for Israel.
The State Department had
announced last month that con-
situations on q new program
was being started.
When the fighting began vir-
tually all foreign aid missions
were pulled out of Israel, Egypt
and Jordan They have now re-
turned to Israel and Jordan
and some have been reported
back in Egypt. However, the
United States is not now work.
ing on any new aid program for
Egypt.
What is done about further aid
for Jordan will depend largely on
the outcome of the present
political crisis revolving around
King Hussein.
At the time of the aid suspen-
sion in October, Israel was OBJ
tanning some American goods,
such as farm surpluses and ma
chinery. Already contracted for.
these goods continued to move
to Israel whenever disorganized
shipping schedules permitted.
The suspension did prevent the
placing Of orders for several hun
dred thousand dollars worth of
surplus commodities. These
orders have now been unfrozen
as part of the resumption of aid.
In addition. the new aid pro-
gram provides for financing adj
ditional items out of funds voted
by Congress for the present fiscal
year which ends June 30.
Evening star., 1957-04-21

matter of seconds. tiny flames
leaped from candle to candle
lamp to lamp across the heads
Of the pilgrims to those high in
the balconies and through the
doorways to Christians waiting
In the courtyard.
Roman Catholics did not par
ticipate in this part of the ritual
They are forbidden because OF
the physical danger from fire
The Latin Patriarch presided
later over a simpler service. bless
ing the Holy Fire for Roman
Catholics.
Most of the pilgrims were
m e m bers of Eastern Rite
churches. Thousands jammed
the church, from its cold stone
floor to the arched windows high
up near the dome.
In mid-morning the Holy
Sepulchre opened and Orthodox
and Armenian clergymen en-
tered. Outside. just before their
arrival. boys brandishing whips
sticks and revolvers were carried
on the shoulders Of pilgrims. All
shouted religious slogans in
Greek. Arabic and Armenian as
the crowd surged back and forth
in a primitive sword dance. Quiet
fell after the clerics entered.
Evening star., 1957-04-21
.1st Step Urged
For Disdrmiing
BY the Associated Press

! The United States called yes
Iterday for a continued serious
effort" in big-power disarma-
ment talks toward bringing the
East-West atomic arms race
under international control.
1t said there should be a push
toward initial agreement on "a
first step" of disarmament.
The American statement, is
sued at the State Department
following a two-hour-a -and-l5-
minute meeting of top admins
Itration officials, referred to talks
Iat London which have gone on
without success so far. But re-
Gently the Russians have been
reported showing more interest
in getting an agreement.
The United States emphasized
that part of the agreement would
have to be proper safeguards
for inspection and control"
long standing American position.
The statement was agreed on
by SECRETARY of State Dulles and
Harold Stassen. President Eisen-
hower'S disarmament advisor and
chief negotiator in the London
talks.
1t was presented as rejecting
the views Of today's meeting
which also included Chairman
Lewis Strauss of the Atomic
Energy Commission. Director AL
len Dulles Of the Central Intelli-
gence Agency and representatives
Iof the Defense Department as
well as other State Department
officials. 4s.
Mr.. StaSSen had returned at
midday on a flying trip from
London for consultation here on
the progress Of the London talks,
He called the talks ''the most
serious negotiations on the re-
duction and control of armament
that have ever been held" by
the United Nations Disarmament
Subcommittee.
Other officials said this meant
mainly that Mr.. Stassen was
deeply impressed by what they
called the constructive" atti-
tude shown by the Soviet Union
in the talk. Other members OF
the flve-point subcommittee be-
sides the United States and Rus
sia are Britain. France and Cam
ada.
Secretary Dulles presided over
the State Department meeting
and the statement reported that
Mr.. Stassen gave briefing" on
Evening star., 1957-04-21
st. Peters Bells Peal
Resurrection Tidinqs

VATICAN CITY. Sunday. April q Q9-The bells Of st.
Peters early today announcing Christianty great
Easter Day of Christ ressurected.
The Basica's giant "Campanone" the ls-ton master bell
sounded the first booming notes of the joyful tidngs
Then from all Rome the bells most of the citys
Evening star., 1957-04-21

After the flames appeared
runners lighted tapers and
dashed from the church, racing
across the old Jordan-held Sec
tor Of Jerusalem to churches on
the Israeli side. In earlier days
lighted tapers were carried to
Athens and Alexandria to SYM
bolize the spread of the gospel
to the ends of the earth.
Among the Christians strug-
Cling to light their tiny candles
from the sacred fire were many
Cypriots who have participated
in rebellion. Ethiopians who
dwell in an otherwise pagan OF
Moslem continent and Armen-
ians whose country is now part
Of the Soviet Union,
Evening star., 1957-04-21
FOUND

vEnAY' EsYA.v' Esnstsrs n Ialrttnineisii Vie. sDrinR
Evening star., 1957-04-21
Newsmun TO Speak

John H. Secondari, chief of the
Washington News Bureau of the
american Broadcasting Co., will
address the monthly meeting OF
the Fordham University Club Of
Washington. Wednesday at 8:3O
pm. in the alumni lounge of Nc
Donough Memorial Gymnasium,
Georgetown University.
Evening star., 1957-04-21

throng in the square. Many knelt
on the cobblestones.
Lent Now Extended
Although DEGREES of the Ro.
man Catholic Church, effective
for the first time last Easter
now extend austere lenten OBJ
servance until midnight tonight
joyful notes marked some of the
final Holy Week rites here and
in churches of Rome. This was
especially so in lighting of the
new fire and candles and in the
blessing Of baptismal fonts. These
services were held in st. Peters
and in most of Rome's nearly
500 churches.
Earlier. the third and final
tenebrae. or darkness, service was
held in st. Peters Basilica. In
the deeply moving rite. IA of is
candles were extinguished one
by one. Then the final candle
representing Christ--was briefly
hidden. Celebrants made a loud
noise to remind worshippers of
the earth's convulsions at the
time Of His death.
Evening Fire Lighted
Last evening fire was lighted
in st. Peters Atrium. Signifying
the flame Of the spirit, the fire
was lighted in a bronze brazier
Canons Of st. Peters. one by
one. then approached and lighted
candles from the fire. These, rep
resenting the light of Christ in
the world. they carried in glow
ing procession into the Basilica
Preparations, meanwhile. were
completed for the Pontiff's Eas-
ter message. which Vatican sour
ces described as IAN important
one" The Pope will begin his
ADDRESS at noon (6 am. EST
from the balcony above st.
Feter's central door.
Vatican informants said the
Pope almost certainly will plead
once more for peace and possibly
for restriction Of nuclear expert
mental explosions. In his ad-
dress last Easter the Pope ap-
proved peaceful uses Of nuclear
energy but warned against the
horror Of atomic war.
This year. his Easter message
for the first time will be televised
Nearly score of European net
works will be hooked up for di-
rect transmission. Other net
works will broadcast it later in
the United States an Canada.
Vatican radio will broadcast
translations in % languages.
Evening star., 1957-04-21

ASAA, WAAiCll ID dS OlQ dS bIle
republic ITSELF" is under study
Gen. Green released copies Of
the letter. which was in reply to
one he wrote Secretary Dulles
on March 80. with the indorse-
ment Of his committee. asserting
this country must have first
rate ambassadors everywhere.
While not criticizing the prac-
tice of appointing wealthy men
to. choice diplomatic assign
ments. Senator Green said that
under present world conditions
we can no longer afford" to
give way to pressure in appoint
ment making"
Replying, MIR. Dulles said he
agreed with Senator Green that
a special problem" arises at
some big embassy posts.
In some foreign countries the
costs of discharging the outies
Of a diplomatic chief of mission
Evening star., 1957-04-21

are so much greater than the
salary and allowances available
that it is feasible to appoint as
ambassadors to such countries
only those persons who possess
private means upon which they
would be prepared to draw in
order to supplement their SAL
aries and allow ances," Mr.. Dulles
wrote.
This latter problem is
under study and / propose to
discuss it with you III a subse-
quent communication"
Senator Mansfield, Democrat
Of Montana. a member of Sem
ator Green's committee, has said
he will ask the Senate Appro-
priations Committee to approve
increases in the allowances OF
ambassadors at posts like Lon
don. Paris. Madrid. Rome and
some other cities.
Evening star., 1957-04-21
LOST

BEAGLE, black tan and white. female
grieving. 10. 2-m6j,
BOXER dnjuredl, light brindle female
We Shirhnston small leather collar
CHANGE PURSE. small, black satin. con,
tanning diamond platinum brooch yel'
low gold )adv's wrist watch set with dia.
monds. Lost at Union Station or BAG
capltt Limited arriving Aprl i2 Sub.
stantlal reward. OIL. 2-4702.
DOG DOG so mos, re red eorEi, female. whit,
and no tail. long body with hoppl
type back legs. vic. Congressional Coun'
try Club. reward. oil. 2-O6i6, FE
DSG so., maIs "a, iss %Gs G sd sht tan
Reward RA. e-2969
DOG, boxer and bull brown. D. C. tal
No. 34746, rabies 63S7. Might bite
JO. s-4al5, or after 3 pm, NO. Z.
..9725 ask Tor Chin
DOG, black male spaniel type. long tail
Mon Sa ana cggny Wesern aSs e Broad AZ Bsnf
Thurs. April IS oil. $3.50. ''
DOG. black cocker. male. chain iinl
childs pet, reward. 10. 7-l5i3
EARRING. gold and pearl. Lost in tele.
eenone booth, Union Station. April -
sen,inmaental value. REWARD. IA
FOX TERRIER. white with brown spots
vic. Anacostia Naval Air Station about
am April ~; wearing collar anc
sa,i ieash' Is yse. tag sF. Myer No. 800 q
reward $40 JE 3.9is2' '"
FUR SCARF. 3-skin Kolinsky; in shop
Reward 10. 5-4365
GLASSES, black rimmed. in brown ease
marked San Francisco: vic, Of Var
Ness and 42nd SITS NV. Du. 7-3O29
GOLF SHOES. brown and white, siz,
7la' streetcar. 80. April IL, pm
reward DE. 2-7737.
HAT BOX. plaid. zipper; containing
Ahoes and other articles. Vic Southeast
.Oxon Hill. Reward. 10, 7-i23g.
KEYS, 3, on chain with rabbit foot: vic
ath S. ne. III. b-1gs3.
PARAkEET, light blue, banded U,Bs
AJ-16B. vic. ch. ch. OIL. 2-3424.
RING, gold, old fashioned, decorated Tor
and sides diamond set: lost March go
MAfkcGYSn. MsAafksGSntsi AZ. 7y.aol9si yalTsi reward. MRS
WATCH. lady's, small gold. Hamilton
THURSDAY evening. reward DE. 2.63O9
WATCH, Lady Elgin, white gold Vic
kochamoeau and JonEfellow Bldgs. Re.
ward. RA. 6-2lll.
INFORMATION to recovery Of red cush
man Eagle motor, scooter. 81 Va. taI
MECHANICS TOOL BOX
Vie seston ri; nv, April is. bet. 6.t
MA. S-6l00, Ext. 577O, leave message
Evening star., 1957-04-21

Peters rang out early today
Easter Day Of Christ ressurectec
The Basilica's giant Cam
sounded the first booming notes
Then from all over Rome
nearly 500 churches Joined in.
Their 900 bells were unbound
and rung for the first time since
they were silenced on Holy
Thursday. three days ago, in
sign Of mourning.
The chorus of the bells burst
forth as celebrants at midnight
services reached the Gloria" of
the mass.
Thousands Of pilgrims and
tourists from many parts Of the
world Joined Romans in the
midnight mass. Many received
holy communion.
| Changes in Easter observances
that went into effect last year
emphasize midnight Easter
mass, emulating ancient Chris
tian custom.
Midnight Services Held
Midnight services were held In
Rome's major basilicas and
churches. including st. Paul's
Outside the walls, st. Mary
Major. and Ara Coeli (altar Of
Heaven) Church high on Rome'S
Capitoline or city hall hill.
They were not held in St.
Peters Basilica. But there was
a midnight mass at the little
Vatican City church of ST. Anne
for the 900 citizens of Vatican
City who live within its walls.
Holy Weeks mournful rites in
this ancient city closed yester-
day.
Under a brilliant spring sun,
thousands of pilgrims thronged
all day to st. Peters Basilica.
The city Of Rome was packed as
never before with pilgrims and
tourists for Holy Week and Easter
observances. Tourist organiza-
tons estimated there were more
than a quarter of a million in
the city.
At noon about 10000 Of them
assembled in ST. Peters square
and cheered Pope Plus XII.
Shortly afterward the al-year-
old head Of the Roman Catholic
Church appeared briefly at his
apartment window to nless the
Evening star., 1957-04-21
Ancient Ritual Is Held
At Jerusalem Shrine

JERUSALEM April 20 Easter pilgrims packed the church
Of the Holy Spuche today witness the ancient ritual
Holy Fire. the symbol of Chrst's resurrection. SOL
AS flames burst from hole in the side Of the Savor tomb
Frightening the church interior throng shouted
Immediately hundreds pressed light candles.
Evening star., 1957-04-21
Dulles Cites Problems
Of Costly Embassy Posts
BY the Associated Press

Secretary Of State Dulles the problem of filing very
expensive embassy posts which only rich afford
taken on new significance result of increased nerna
tional responsibilities"
Mr. Dulles told Chairman Green of the Senate Foreign
ons Committee in letter made public last night that the prob
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-17

After illness such cold, flu, throat virus
suffer from Tired Blood At such time, GERIT0
can help regain your strength help get back
feet faster So if feel weak and because
of Tired Blood get GERITOL either the goodastng liquid
or handy tablets. And take GERITOL every day. Feel
Stronger Fast-withn days, money back!
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1957-04-25

at the Hall homestead in Pooles.
vile.
Mr.. and Mrs. c. w. Norris, Sr.
left by motor on Thursday for
Cottonwood, Mimi, having been
called there due TO the illness of
Mrs. Norris Father.
DIR. ROdger w. williams of
Lynchburg, Va. was guest at his
farm home near Poolesville for
Easter.
House guest at the Rectory
with the Rev. and Mrs. Carter S.
Gilliss and family was Mrs. Hen.
ry P. Brown of Philadelphia.
Don't forget to support the
dance to be held this Saturday,
April q from 8 p. m. to IL mid
night at the Barnesville Pavilion.
Sponsored by the Daniel-Jeffers
American Legion Post No. PAT,
all profits are for the Building
Fund. Music will be furnished by
Gene Frock and his orchestra.