davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-10
BY JOHN A. GILES

Neil H. McElroy-just four
hours after becoming Defense
Secretary at a White House
ceremony his Pentagon
career with a convincing dem
onstration Of his grasp Of mill
tary problems.
Mr., McElroy at his first
news conference. yesterday.
showed that he had been thor
oughly briefed on defense mat
tiers during an ls-day inSpec-
ton Of military installations
and defense plants, But he
also gave his precedeSsor,
Charles E. wilson, full credit
for orienting him. He gave
me many words Of wisdom. "
said Mr.. McEroy of Mr., VIII
son, land many Of them have
been entertaining"
He added that Mr.. Wilson
told him the Pentagon was
'Sthe most magnificent dog
house in Washington"
To Attack BOttlenecks
While adroitly answering
questions in his spacious Of
fee. the latest Eisenhower
Cabinet member showed no
disposition TO duck the hottest
questions.
He was determined. he said
to remove the "bottleneeks'' in
this country's missile programs.
Too much time is spent in test
ing and co-ordinating. while
RuSSia's successful earth satel-
lite has shown that the So
VETS have the ability to hurl a
moon into outer space. This
calls for a re-evaluation of the
United States programs. Mr..
McElroy added.
His plan to speed up in
formation on which decisions
can be based" calls for paying
additional overtime at missile
plants and test centers. He
said this is being "receptively
considered"
Defense Is Top Issue
The Secretary's tone sug-
gested that his orders when
issued would be difncuit tc
evade. He said:
If there's any one thing
that seems TO me has got to be
Ia prerequisite to anythine
else, certainly budget-makine
or anything else. 1t is what the
he'll is required to give this
country an adequate defense. :
Il think the American PEG
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-10
Troops in Little Rock School

1854 nor 1865 decisions By
the Supreme Court ID de-
seereeet|on Is there any
LANGUAGE That rejects the
opinion Q( Justice Bradley.
BY that npiiiiou, the SUI
preInf Court hatlg declared
that Congfess could not.
under the Fourteenth Amend
meiit ilehlAIate upon subjects
which af1 Within TIE domain
Of State leeislnlinn The
court said @ on2fesb could
only enforce the constltu-
tlonal prohibition against
certain kinds 81 state legis-
lation OF against Affirmative
State action.
Justice BrhdIep,s opinion
stressed the negative char
acter Of any action that
might be taken BY the Fed
eral Government to nuIlify
State action" and he ex-
plicitly said the Fourteenth
Amendment sdoes not auth
orize Congress TO-. create a
code Of municipal law for
the regulation Of private
Plainly, II under the
Fourteenth Amendment, Con-
greSs cannot legislate on sub
jects in the domain Qf the
States. the courts cannot do
so. either. Yet. a system Of
municipal regulation en-
forced by Federal troops. in
aid of a court order. Is ac-
tually today in operation in
Little Rock. contrary 10 the
Supreme Courts Jwn ruling
in the civil rights cases"
Administration officials, Of
course. claim the troops are
in Arkansas under two Fed
eral laws relating to armed
instruction and enforcement
Of acts Of Congress. But four
days after the Arkansas Gov
ernor oheyed q court order
and withdrew the National
Guard, Federal, troops were
ordered into Little Rock. No
State Of Instruction or re-
bellion was declared in the
Presidents proclamation. He
used only the words "unlaw-
full obstruction" and did so
in reference TO court orders
in a lawsuit between what
are legally classified as "pri-
vate parties" Also. there is
a law. originally passed in
1878 and reeodiiied by Con-
gress in 1856. which forbids
the use Of the Army or the
Air Force to enforce court
orders unless an act OF Con-
gress specifically authorizes
it--and none does. It looks as
II. growing out OF all this.
there will be plenty Of law
suits some day for illegal tres
pass on school property and
injury to private citizens.
.tRepFodaetion RIGHTS ReservsdJ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-10
DOROTHY THOMPSON
Sputnik and Russian Schools

and pass stiff examinations
in mathematics elementary
and advanced algebra. ge-
ometry. and trigonometry)
and elementary physics and
chemistry during these 10
school years.
This is an education for
an elite. and how many make
the grade is something I
could not find out. But IL
so per cent make 1t. or even
a lesser fraction, the Soviets
are preparing an impressive
fraction Of the population
for the higher mental activi-
ties. In the professions, arts,
and natural sciences, theo-
retical or applied. They have
been steadily developing an
enormous reserve OF discip-
lined brains.
The Soviet system rewards
these brains with a continued
higher education and respon-
sible positions. Russia is a
classics society in the sense
Of equality OF opportunity.
but 1t is also a caste society
according TO what people
make Of their opportunities.
There is no such thing as a
teacher being worse paid than
a truck. driver. The last thing
that exists is 1.-The Dictator
ship Of the proletariat."
Russia is not making such
progress in the sciences as TO
astonish land dismay) the
Western world because its
education is radical or PRO
gressive" but because 1t is
extremely conservative. "
Here so per cent OF high
schools don't even offer
courses in physics. Mathe-
MATES is hated by teachers
and pupils alike. Subjects
that require exactitude and
mental discipline are aban-.
doned. Studies have shown
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-10

cause United States bombers.
could give him Nightmares, II
he has any"
Quarles to Stay On
In a prepared statement
which he read at the opening
OF the conference. Mr., McElroy
seemed anxious to establish
that Deputy Secretary Donald
A. Quarles will remain as his
number one assistant. There
have been reports that Mr..
Quarles would quit.
Mr.. McElroy also said:
/. Although he is not con-
templating additional expendi-
lures Of great magnitude, "
neither is he limited to the S3s
billion ceiling established in
President Eisenhower's budget.
2. He has no prejudice
against travel to the moon.
3. He has received sugges-
tons that a single agency
should be established over all
missiles. but he has made no
decision.
4. He sees no chance now TO
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-10
Answering Russia Challenge

10 the Tree Wofld INF. knru-
shchev calls 1t imperialist)
is to sit down around the con-
ference table and listen TO the
dictates Of Moscow and Pei
ping-or else.
We did not set an exam
pie for lasting peace by us
ing our department power
when the Chinese Commun-
lists interviewed in Korea.
Nobody, not even the Pc
rennial optimists in the adj
ministration in Washington.
have any illusion on what
Russia will do II it feels alb
solutely certain it has the
upper hand. And the surest
way to create that feeling
is to give Moscow the i'm
preston that we are cring-
ing.
In our efforts to carry the
torch Of peace in our time"
we have made a number Of
serious mistakes, beginning
with President Eisenhower's
participation in the summit
conference at Geneva in
1854. Our do-nothing poll
cies in regard to the Hun
garisn patriots who at
tempted at heavy sacrifice
to shake the Communist yoke
have not created any senti-
ment of reliance on our eff
fectiveneSs toward internal
tional Communism among the
free nations which expected
us at least to withdraw our
Ambassador from Moscow
and break of diplomatic re-
lations with the new Krem-
lin-opposed regime in Buda-
pest.
The list of blunders is
long. But with possession
Of the main deterrent power
against the establishment of
Communist imperialism all
over the world we could rely
on at least some of our
sturdier allies. It is up to
the administration in Wash
ington now to pick up the
nuclear challenge thrown by
the Kremlin and decide how
to answer it.
II the answer is another
disarmament COME renee"
with most of the chips on
the Kremlin's side Of the
table, We must seriously con-
slider the isolationist doc
trine Of fortress America. II
the Kremlin's actions have
awakened the policy makers
in Washington from their
slumber and the challenge
is answered in the old Amer
ican way the administra-
ton can restore our posi-
ton at home and abroad.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-10
McEIroy Shows Grasp
OF Military Problems

Pile have got a right to an
answer TO that question. and !
hope to be the guy who tries
to help get 1t for them"
However. he was somewhat
less direct when a queStioner
suggested that there had been
Spectacular instances Of du-
plication in missiles"
Limit on Duplication
Mr.. McElroy said parallel
action on very important prof.
ects has probably accelerated
development" but there comes
q time when further duplica-
ton Of effort" must cease.
II would hope that that time
would not be too far away in
one Of the major missile areas. "
he added.
This obviously was q refer
ence to the parallel develop
ment Of the Jupiter and Thor
missiles by the Army and Air
Force at q combined cost Of
more than $500 million thus
far. A choice between these
missiles is one OF the biggest
decisions confronting the new
secretary.
In an impromptu exchange.
the new defense chief also
showed himself a verbal match
for Communist Boss Nikita
Khrushchev. Asked for a COM
ment on the Russian statement
that bombers are obsolete. he
suggested the Red leader.
would like TO think So" be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-10
Conservative Education System Seen
As Key to Soviets' Scientific Coins

1t is not surprising that
the Russians have been the
first to launch a man-made
moon. nor will 1t be surpris-
ing If they are the first to de-
velop an effective intercon-
tinental guided missile capa-
BILE of launching a thermonu-
clear attack at targets thou
sands of miles distant.
Experts on Russia have
been predicting that the So
viets would be scientifically
In advance Of the United
States in a. decade. I have
had little doubt on that sub
ject since visiting the Soviet
Union two years ago. There
what impressed and fright
ened me was the Soviet
school child and Russian
education in general.
At the beginning Of the
Russian revolution. its lead
ers went in for modern" ed
ucation. importing the ideas
Of the American John
Dewey. 1t did not last long.
Appalled, at the results they
Reconstructed thoroughly con-
sentative teaching methods.
disciplines. and courses. What
they have since followed are
less the ideas OF Dewey than
those Of Thomas Jefferson.
Jefferson believed that
primary education, OF the
three RS variety. should be
free and available for every
American child. From there
on II should be free and avail
able for such children as
showed the desire and capa-
city TO learn what can be
learned only by these with
The will and capacity to alb
sorb knowledge. Others should
be trained for q respectable
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-10

trade upon which nobody
should look down.
The Soviet Union does not
have separate primary and
high schools. The child en-
ters school at Z and remains
there for 10 years. In that
time he is expected to learn
considerably more than our
children accomplish or fail
TO accomplish in ~. No child
can accomplish what is de-
manded OF him unless nor,
mally intelligent. well-be-
haved, industrious, and pa
triotically inspired TO con-
tribute to his country.
The Russians have devel-
oped many ways Of bringing
out these qualities. The child
is introduced on the very
first day TO the concept that
school is work, not play. work
that is interesting and can
even be amusing. but work
that must be performed and
can only be performed in
obedience. There is much
homework and II 1t is not
done the parents are called
to responsibility. Examina-
tons are frequent. thorough
and both written and oral.
Some allowance is made
for the less gifted but indus
trious child, but none what
ever for the lazy. The child
who disturbs classes is toll
Grated for a limited number
OF misdeeds, but II he per-
sists he is fiunked into a
school for retarded or prob
lem children or back into the
"proletariat." The weak and
disorderly are not allowed
TO retard the ambitious and
strong.
All children must study
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-10
South CoroIin0 Governor Challenges
Stotioninq of Soldiers in Corridors

III 80 ~SassAObS
publication was confined
solely to the South--at least
this correspondent could not
ind 1t printed in any Of the
principal newspapers Friday
or Saturday in this section OF
the country. Many persons in
the South are resentful over
what they claim is lack Of
coverage BY the Northern
papers Of their side Of the
current controversy.
Governor Timmerman's
statement was certainly news,
He said in part:
II publicly call upon Gen.
eral Eisenhower to tell the
American people what law he
thinks armed terror troops
were sent to Little Rock to
enforce. Vague references to
the law and orders Of courts
are no answer.
Both the Federal District
Courts and the Federal Cir
cult Courts were created by
Congress. and Congress has
given them no power to
order integration. What act
OF Congress does General
Eisenhower think authorizes
these. courts to order a public
school to integrate. and what
Is the text Of that law2
THE Supreme Court, in
the school-segregation cases.
said no person could be
denied admittance to a public
school solely because of race,
but IL did not say admittance
shall be granted solely be-
cause of race.
1T did not preclude the
right to deny admission to
any person for good valid
reason or to prevent i'm
pending violence, or to pre-
serve peace and good will in
a community. Nor did IL
confer upon other Federal
courts the power to order
integration. What decision
OF the Supreme Court does
Gen. Eisenhower think orders
the integration of public
schools. and what is the text
OF that decision?"
The South Carolina Gov
ernor undoubtedly had in
mind the historic civil rights
cases. a decision by the
Supreme Court Of the United
States in 1883. which de-
clared unconstitutional vari-
Gus laws, passed by Congress
during reconstruction DAYS.
purporting to enforce the
Fourteenth Amendment. That
decision. written by Justice
Bradley. has never been re-
versed, but has since been
cited many times by the Su-
preme Court. Neither in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-10

OCTOBER 4, the day the
Russians launched their
space satellite, will be a mile
stone In our history 3AlF
The fact that the Russians
took advantage Of our
lethargio attitude on the
ballistic missile and developed
their own while we were liv-
Ing in q state Of euphoria is
less important than the po-
litical consequences Of our
lethargy.
Since the day when We de-
cided not to push the Korean
war TO its logical conclusion
total victory - responsible
political leaders in Washing
ton have adopted the policy
OF the late British Prime
Minister Neville Chamberlain
Of peace at any price. During
these six years we have been
losing ground in the interna-
tional arena.
Our Western allies have
become increasingly reluct-
ant to follow a policy Of real
resistance TO what Secretary
Of State Dulles calls interna-
tional com nun ism. Our
''leashed" allies in the Far
East were told that If they
attempted to take advantage
of internal disturbances and
weaknesses Of the Chinese
Communists and use their
own forces they would not be
supported by this country.
In order 10 make sure that
President Syngman Rhee will
not get "out Of hand" the
Korean forces have been pro-
vided with ammunition for
only one week and gasoline
for their tanks and planes
for less than 48 hours. The
job OF the Formosan patrol
is as much to prevent some
sort Of folly" by Chang
Kai-shek as to ward of a
Communist attack. 81
It is now painfully obvious
that we have dragged our feet
in the building Of intercon-
tinental ballistic missiles. not
because we lacked the means
to foreStaIl the Russians but
because our leaders. devoted
solely to peace in our time.
decided that 1t was the proper
thing for this country to de,
vote all its energies to the
peaceful use of the most mo-
mentous discovery in CEN
turtles.
1t must be assumed that
the administrations top lead
ers knew about the unrelent-
ing efforts of the Russians.
The men in the Kremlin have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-10
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Reply to Threat in Old American Way
Seen Key to Restoring u. S. Position

followed for the last 10 years
Hermann Goering's slogan:
Guns not butter" They
merely replaced the word
guns" with atomic and
guided missiles"
Democracies traditionaIly
do not take advantage Of
their posture Of strength in
dealing with a potentially
powerful adversary. They
wait until he has become
strong enough to challenge
them. And this is exactly
what is happening today.
Within less than q week
after the world realized that
the Russians have success
fully completed their inter-
continental missile Comrade
Khrushchev showed his teeth.
He indicated more clearly
than the State Department
would have liked to hear that
America must henceforth
change her policies. There
must be disarmament and
co~existence (Russian stylel.
Our efforts to prevent inter-
national communism from es-
ta5lishing itself in the Mid
die East (the key strategic
area for Western Europe be-
cause Of its oil resources)
must be abandoned. And be-
cause the Turks who are d.
rectly menaced by that can
Ger may be harder to force
to listen to Moscow's reason
ing they we're directly warned
to look out. They we're told
about the striking capabili-
ties Of Russia which is di-
rectly on their borders. There
have been four warnings to
Turkey since the end of the
last war. But relying on
Americas support. Ankara
told the Kremlin to go and
whistle. The new uncalled-
for warning Turkey has only
two divisions on the Syrian
border and has had them
there for more than q year.
was given to the Turks a
couple Of days after the
Soviet satellite was Launched.
Khrushchev and Co. are
fiexing their muscles by
warning our remaining faith
full allies that Americas de-
terrent power in the nuclear
and ballistic fields which has
been keeping a sort of power
equilibrium is thing Of the
past. The Russian boss boasts
that Russia now excels in
both conventional and nu-
clear might. All that is left
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-10
DAVID LAWRENCE

All over the front pages the
news story was printed the
other day that the Governor
OF Arkansas had revealed
complaints from parents
claiming that Federal troops
were in or near the dressing
rooms Of the girls at Little
Rock high school. This was
Indignantly denied by the
Secretary Of the Army and by
the White House. But nobody
has denied that the Federal
troops have actually been pa
trolling the corridors Of the
school building.
Under what law Of Con-
gress and under what Federal
court order were the troops
stationed inside a public
school. and what have they
been doing there?
This is a question which
has escaped general attention.
but II goes to the heart Of the
dispute over the illegality of
the so-called occupation" Of
Little Rock by Federal troops.
For there is no Supreme Court
ruling and no law of Congress
and no court order thus far
issued which gives Federal
troops the right to station
themselves inside any public
school at Little Rock. II there
is disorder inside a school. it
is something for the principal
or the local police or the State
authorities to deal with. IN
der the Federal Constitution.
only upon the request Of the
Governor or the State Legis-
lature can Federal troops en-
ter Q State unless there is in
Surrection against the en-
forcement Of an act of Con-
gress. At Little Rock neither
the Federal Government nor
the State Of Arkansas was a
party to the basic lawsuit out
Of which came the Federal
court order. Such a court
order cannot be enforced by
Federal troops unless Con-
gress should by law authorize
that action-which II has
never done. The United States
marshal is supposed to depu-
tie private citizens to assist
him in enforcing a court
order.
Apropos Of the right Of
Federal troops to be in the
public schools patrolling the
corridors, the Governor OF
South Carolina issued a
statement on this point last
Friday. Due to a careless
error at a relay point on the
wire services or for some
other reason. his statement
was not distributed through
out the United States and its
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-10

a program" for defense
against Russia's intercontinent-
al ballistic missile.
S. He said the antimissile
missile is such a long range
project that it will be some time
before the information con-
this possibility can be
evaluated efficiently to be in
corporated in a program"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-10

that parents and pupils alike
think the chief aim Of edu-
catien is social poise." Youth
must be kept in school to
the age Of 10 or whereabouts
whether they are interested
and work or not. Youngsters
are passed from grade to
grade regardless Of accom-
plishment.
And for this we are begin
ming TO pay.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-10
.Wyott to Head
Democrats Study
OF Urban Growth
By the Associated Press

The Democratic Advisory
Councils Committee on Eco
nomic Policy has named Wilson
w. Wyatt. Louisville attorney.
as chairman Of a subcommit-
tee TO study problems connected
with metropolitan area growth.
In announcing the appoint
ment yesterday. John Kenneth
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1957-11-12

the date set to open bids. Informa-
tion pertaining thereto, and Pre-
qualifying Blanks may be obtained
from the Highway Examiner, Room
246, 450 f. Town ST., Columbus, Ohio.
The minimum wage to be paid to
all labor employed on this contract
shall be in accordance with the
Schedule of Prevailing Hourly
Wage Rates Ascertained and Deter
mined by the Department of Indus
trial Relations applicable to State
Highway Department improvements s
in accordance with Sections 4115.03
through 4115.07 of the Revised Code
of Ohio"
Date set for completion: March /,
1853.
The bidder must submit with his
bid a certified check in the amount
OF $4,000
Bidding forms and Specifications
are on file in the Purchasing office,
Room sos, Ohio Departments Bldg.
Columbus, Ohio, and the State High
way Division office at Delaware,
Ohio.
The Director reserves the right TO
reject any and all bids and to waive
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1957-11-12

in March of one year and COM
menced construction of a section
the first of the following year, or
nearly a years period, which still
established record of accomplish
ment. Governor O'Neill announced
his fortnight program and plans
for the freeway the latter part OF
March 1857 and ground was brok-
en- for the first projected section
September 5, 1857, or less than
six months time"
Contractor for the 81, ,940, ,165. .0C
Delaware County section of State
Route / is d. R. Smalley and Son
Inc, 426 w. Market Street, Celina
Ohio.
Shown in the accompanying
photograph upon the bulldozer are
from left to right: Richard Hawk
Project Engineer for d. r. Smalley
and Sons, Inc; Frank M. Williams
Division Six Deputy Director and
George Smalley, Vice President oi
d. r. Smalley and Sons, Inc.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1957-11-12
OD~ EpiSrns'

Too much mud in your eye
and you end up plastered-
Since Grandpa Hedges went
down town for q shoe shine
Gram Is suspicious.
When Zol Klinger comes
home tight his wife really cuts
loose.
Jr. Hinch says his girl friend
kin sure git his dandruff up.
Grandpa Hedges nearly got
dewhiskered In the Yringer Q
helpin' Gram wash.
IT'S pretty hard for q slow
poke 10 pull fast one.
Remember. hatin' your boss
always makes the days seem
longer