davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1957-02-15
Experiments By Local Farmers Help
EXPERTS Choose Tobacco Varieties
Choice OF Four
Varieties Given
Growers For 1857

Five varieties of dark-fired to-
bacco have been recommended for
area farmers III the coming year by
Virginia Extension Service special
lists
The five Varieties recommended
are Virginia 3l2, Brown Leaf, Wal
kers Broad Leaf. Hastings. and
Lizard-Tajl Orineco Another va
riety, Little Kentucky yellow. has
been d 0pped from the recommend
ed list because Of its continued poor
performance Ia relation to the
other five.
Virginia 3l2 is a variety that has
been developed by Extension Serv-
ice experiments. Seeds will not be
available for this season However.
the seeds viii be produced and
made available for later seasons.
said L F StrIplin. Prince Edward
county agent This variety is resis-
tant to root rot, and has been tested
locally for the past two years, and
shares top value rating with the
proven Brown Leaf variety
Brown Leaf lis probably the most
popular and widely used, said Strip
lin 1t has consistently been near the
top III value per acre since the local
testing schedule began four years
ago.
Five Counties
: The experimental plots of tobacco
are grown by local farmers coop
Grating with Extension Service per-
sonnet This past year five farmers
located in Prince Edward, Amelia,
Appomattox. Campbell, and c h a +
lotte counties raised the experiment
tai tobacco plots They planted one
and half acres of tobacco with the
six varieties alternated in rows
Complete results Of the planting
may be obtained from the county
agents office. and Striplin advises
anyone that is planning to change
his variety to consult these results
before changing.
The December Crop Report esti-
mated a yield of 1850 pounds per
acre for the 1856 fire-cmed crop
This compares with the experiment
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1957-02-15
Improved Methods

Striplin attributed the next point
Of success to the fact that most
growers used definite varieties, and
carefully selected their seeds and
young plants.
The next most important factor
was said to be fertilizer. Striplin
pointed out that more farmers are
using soil tests, and fertilizing in a
scientific manner. He expressed the
belief that fifty per cent of the pro-
ducers could increase their acre
values in 1857 some 500 to 5000 by
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1957-02-15
Dairy Federation
Man Speaks in Amelia

r. 9 Connolly, secretary Of the
Virginia State Dairyman's feder-
alton, was guest speaker at a
meeting Of the Dairy and Herd
Improvement association Friday
il the Amelia High School cafe
terra.
Connelly's subject was what the
State Dairy Federation is doing
to educate the public on the value
Of milk in the diet"
Charles Mover, president of the
association, presided.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1957-02-15

Louisville, Ky.-Police are still
wondering what thieves filled up
when they stole 900 gallons of gaso-
line taken from a parked tank
truck. Since truck tracks were
found near the parked truck. it is
surmised that the thieves hauled the
gasoline away in drums.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1957-02-15

Talks were held on seed, feed,
fertilizer and farm supplies during
the thrce-day meeting
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1957-02-15

To keep milk cans from over
turning when set In cooling
tank, one farmer sets his cans
in a section cut from an oil
drum. The drum section Is set
directly under the water-supply
pipe so that the can of milk is
submerged long before the
cooling tank is filled. Drum
keeps the can from fitting more
than a few degrees.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1957-02-15

Every hour your heart puts forth
enough emery to hoist 150-pound
man to the roof of three story
building.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1957-02-15

good
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1957-12-10
W. r. Cough, 81,
Leaves 81 Survivors

Funeral services were held Mon
day for William Robert Cough
81, retired Buckingham county
farmer who died December at
the home Of his daughter, Mrs. r.
f. Newton. in DillWyn.
Services were held at Bethlehem
Baptist church, with buDial In the
church cemetery
Surviving are six other daugh-
tiers, Mrs. j. Fl. Taylor, Of Cum
berland, Mrs. J. E. Newton, Mrs.
w. A. Sprouse. Mrs. c. C. Dowdy
and Mrs. E. x. Steinruck. Of Dill
wyn. and Mrs. r. N. Ashworth Of
AppomattoX, four sons. w. p.
Cough, Of Richmond, j r. Cough
and 4. L. Cough. Of Dillwyn. and
t. A. Cough. Of San Francisco.
Calf 38 grandchildren, SO
Observation-Disclosures. and two sis
ters, Mrs. Virgie Taylor. Of Dill
wyn. and Mrs. Maggie Melton. of
Richmond.
Born in February II. 1876. in
Buckingham county. Mr. Cough
was a son Of the late John A. and
jamie White Cough.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1957-12-10
Hospital News

There were S. hospital patients
Monday morning
Patients Admitted
c, E Moseley. New Canton. r II
Reynolds Prospect Mrs. f IL
Garter Farmville Richard Gable
Cumberland, Mrs r H. Blanton
Cumberland, Mrs Robert B VII
son. Green Bay. d. B. Anderson,
Farmville r. s Smith, Little Rock
Ark. A. W. Davis. Cumberland
Mss Brenda Dowdy. Cumberland
James Barbour Farmville.
Also Rev G. F Bell. Cullen
Mrs Donald P Smith. Pamplin
A. " Flippen. FarmYille Calvin
Burk. Farmville, Mrs. S. B. Sigh.
Fa'mville; Mrs. Ed McCraw.
Curdsville. j. D Boisseau Black
stone. Hunter r Osborne. Burke
vile, and W c. Amos. Farmv:lle
Births
Mr. and Mrs. George w. Isom.
Farnville, boy. Dec. 5.
Nj and Mrs. Kenneth Latham.
Fanmville. boy, Dee. 4
Mr.. and Mrs J E Smith. Dill
wyn. boy. Dec. T.
ColOred Patients
Mary HaskinS. Green Bay: Lillian
Branch. Crewe. and Elizabeth bod
son, Burkeville.
C0l0red Birth
Quincy and Marie Lockett, Farm
vile. boy. Dec. 9.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1957-12-10
Miss Rhudy Dies
In Norfolk of Illness

Miss Mallie Virginia Rhldy.
daughter of the late William Freel
and Mrs Julian Cornett Rhudv.
died at Norfolk December &. after
a long illness.
She was q native Of Grayson
county. but had been living in
Norfolk for rs years. She was a
member Of Epworth Methodist
church. and before her illness was
very active in the Woman's So
ciety Of Christian Service
Surviving are four sisters. MIS-.
a. L. Martin, Of Richmond. Mrs.
Emma r. Sullivan. Of DillWyn.
Miss Carrie Sue Rhudy, Of Nor
iolk. and Mrs r. T Masenarl of
Norfolk: and one brother. William
freel Rhudy. Of Elk Greek
Funeral services we're conducted
at the Cox Funeral Homo. Norfolk
Sunday. at ? D. m. Burial was in
forest Lawn cemetery. Norfolk
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1957-12-10
Jesse L. Carlton, rs,
Dies At Farmville,
Services Today at II

Jesse Lawrence Carlton, rs. OF
Farmyille. died Sunday. Dec. al
Southside Community Hospital
A retired casket salesman he
was i native Of Goshen, N G.
where he was born September i
1881. the son OF the late C. NJ
Carton. He vas Il membef Of
Farmville Baptist Church.
Surviving are his wife, Mrs. Eva
Gibbs McEwen Carlton, of Farm
vile. two daughters. MIS- Hazel G.
LeSueur. OF Roanoke, and Mrs.
Ruth C. Arthur. of Altavista. four
grandchildren. and two brothers.
Walter B. Carlton. OF Winston
Salem, NJ c., and Homer A. Carl
ton, of Boomer, NJ c.
DR. w. Otis McClung viii off,
ciate for services today Tuesday
at II a. M, at Doyne- Burger Fun
eral Home. Farmville Interment
will be in Westyiew Cemetery.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1957-12-10

20 white veIIum sheets and
envelopes in gorgeous two
tone box that con be used for
ieweIry. Excellent vuiue!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06

Daughter-I'm going out
doors to play now.
Mother-All right. You can
finish your picture some other
time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06

this circumstance 1t was ironic
that the librettist, who was in
the audience (the composer was
notl should have taken the bow.
A Washington premiere
claimed for Susan B. Anthony's
final aria in Virgil Thomson's
peculiar 1.-THE Mother of Us All"
failed to rouse any great enthu-
siasm despite Miss Emmon's
really exquisite singing.
Although the program was not
really successful. its failure to
impress is not to be attributed
to the quality Of the soloist's
singing or artistry. Miss Emmons
demonstrated a voice of unusual
power and beauty. full of con-
tralto warmth and intensity at
the bottom, clear and ringing at
the top. and yet perfectly
matched and beautifully con-
trolled. Except for an unfortu-
nate tendency to "elocute' which
she will no doubt abandon, she
is a flrst-rate vocalist.
However, "a songs and arias
lis just too much variety during
the course of under 80 minutes
of music. and the effect Of the
whole recital was diffuse and
fussy rather than satisfying.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06
Catholics Hit
For Book Bans

NEW YORK. May 8 R.-The
American Civil Liberties Union
says a Roman Catholic group is
using boycotts and blacklists to
impose censorship Of what the
American people may read"
The ACLU statement yester-
day said the actions of the Ma
tional Organization for Decent
Literature are seriously viola
tive Of the principle of freedom. !"
The ACLU said 1872 figures in
publishing. literature and the
arts signed the statement.
Among them were novelists
James T. Farrell and John
|O'Hara, playwright Arthur Mil
Ter, theologian Reinhold Niebuhr
and Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt.
The ACLU said it intends ito
intervene on behalf of writers,
publishers. vendors and pur-
Ichasers who have the will to ex-
Iplore legal avenues for the main
tenance of their freedom"
Msgr. Thomas j. Fitzgerald,
executive secretary of the Ma
tional Organization for Decent
Literature, was unavailable for
comment In Chicago.
The Civil Liberties Union said
1t defended the NODL's right to
express its own views. But it
said it was nothing less than
censorship" to blacklist certain
authors and encourage boycotts
of merchants who sell the
banned works.
The union named SIS books as
a partial list" of works CLASH
fled as objectionable" by the
NODL since 1852. Authors with
books listed included william
Faulkner. Ernest Hemingway,
James M. Cain. Erskine Cald-
well. Aldous Huxley. Irwin Shaw
and Richard Wright.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06

The Am erican University
Quartet closed its season yester-
day with a fine performance OF
the Third Hindemith Quartet.
The piece had been played only
a few weeks previously by the
Budapest Quartet. but as it is
one of the outstanding works OF
contemporary chamber music, it
can hardly be heard too often.
Hindemith is one of the few
composers alive today who has
style as distinct from styles-it
is only the imitator of Hinde-
NTH who sounds Hindemithian.
The slow movement of the
quartet should be considered by
those who are trying to accus-
tom their ears to polytonality.
1t is a beautiful and insinuating
melody in c major, with an ac-
compartment firmly in A major.
yet the result sounds discordant
only for two or three seconds.
Unlike the Budapest Quartet.
which confines itself to the last
10 quartets Of Mozart-the So
called celebrated" Quartets-the
American University group from
time to time essays earlier, but
no less interesting. Mozart. The
D major quartet. written during
the composers third visit to Mi
Ian in 1772 ''in order OF stave
OF boredom" as his father
wrote, is a charming work in
three movements, the andante
being as melting and insouciant
as anything Mozart composed.
The Jean Francaix trio is light
and scintillating music, full of
all sorts Of engaging tricks Of
scoring. More than any other on
the program, it was the piece
to show on the technical skill
and musical artistry Of the
American University Quartet.
Not only as performers. but also
as exploiters in a limited and
well-worked field Of unusual and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06
|WMAL FEATURES
MOZART, BRAHMS
MUSIC TONIGHT

The Evening Star Music
Festival-an hour Of fine
recorded music each week.
day night-will be broadcast
at 10 o'clock tonight on
WMAL FIN, 1878 mega
cycles on your FIN dial.
The program will be:
Mozart-Symphony No. Is
in G Minor, by the Columbia
Symphony Orchestra. under
Bruno Walter.
Johannes Brahms - SYM
phony No. ! in c Minor,
Opus SO. by Toscanini and
the NBC Symphony Orches-
ira.
Tomorrow night: High
lights Of Verdi's aida"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06

Washington, h sh and st' NV Ma S0SOO eth yes
Langley Park, Nd New Hampshire Ave- and University Lane
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06
Mrs. Judd to Speak

Mrs. Walter Judd. wife Of the
Republican Representative from
Minnesota. will speak on "A
Wife's View Of Congress, during
"a dinner meeting of the League
of Service of Westmoreland Con-
gregational Church, / Westmore-
land circle at $3.50 pm. tomor-
row.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06
Alumni MEETING

Representative Whitener. Dem
ocrat of North Carolina, will adj
dress the District chapter of the
North Carolina State College
Alumni at Z pm. Thursday at
N MAYORS Restaurant, Tenth
street and Maine avenue S.W.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06
Miss Emmons Pleuses
Though Program Soes
Ry IRVING LOWENS

sh,rlss E% '.nO N. sSDTsnO;o caleb. SSnn
Program. Monody, Won Hasen; Re-
turn wSodT Uys es Ho n SSTs Ot M1
.ove is gone to sea. HopklnsOn; Der
Thv besming ewes. MscDoweli; sere-
made carpsnssr ss rssa lOH Ws,,s ior on
top of odd Smokey. arr. Edmunds:
Ef I lad a ribbon blue, arr. Niles;
The Lonesome Grave, arr. Bacon; Hi
Aria, from The Mother Of Us All list
Washington performance. Thomson;
Two Arias from The. Sweet Bye and
Bye Cst performancel, Beeson: Music
Edmun H little stone bacon: sure on
this shining night. Barber: David
weeps for Absalom, Diamond; Maybe
Ksgen: Death be not proud. Moore.
The 14th American Music Fes.
tival to be held at the National
Gallery. a long series which ha:
brought its director. Richard
Bales. national acclaim, got un-
der way last night with a sone
recital by soprano Shirlee En-
mons.
Miss Emmons' progra n
spanned more than $50 years Of
American music. the Oldest
pieces being three songs by Fran.
els Hopkinson. one Of the signer'
Of the Declaration Of Independ.
ence. and the youngest beint
two arias from a new opera oy
Jack Beeson which received theil
first hearing anywhere.
From a strictly musical view.
point, the most convincing ma.
terial was that presented in tho
final group of art songs by con.
temporaries. John Edmunds
atmospheric 1.-THE Faucon" ant
Samuel BARRIERS Sure on thu
Shining Night" an EXCEPTIONAL!
expressive piece, were sung will
tenderness and high art.
The novelties Of the evening
were somewhat less satisfying
The Beeson arias. highly dra'
matte and occasionally quit'
moving, made something les
than q powerful impression be-
cause it was next to impossible
to understand what all the ex'
element was about. In view o.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06
y DAY THORPE

Ihe American University Quartet:
SGEss sns 1d and Fs,n Don1 1a. he So4r:
Kirshhaum. cello. Phillips Gallery.
RroGfam: Consort IN D minor. Met
thew Locke; Quartet In d. X. 1bb,
Mozart: strins Trio. Er snss,sS GUAR
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-06
NEWS or MUSIC
Al Quartet Presents
Rewording- Recital

,rewarding music. this organiza-
ton is one of our finest local
groups.
Arizona sun., 1957-04-18
MUST PROVIDE EQUAL SERVICE.
(Continued from page II

Continued from page u
and color.
w. F. Derrigton, the league of
the cafeteria, informed the pro-
spective Negro customers that
the cafeteria did not and would
not serve colored people"
The case was carried to court
where the trial court entered a
judgement stating that Harris
County might not constitutions
ally deny members of the Negro
race the right to patronize the
courthouse Cafeteria. It further
ordered the county not to renew
or extend the present lease, or
not to execute any new leases to
persons who refuse it's use to
colored persons.
The United States Court of
Appeals agreed with the trial
courts findings, and the Su-
preme Court left this ruling un-
disturbed.
Arizona sun., 1957-04-18
DON'T BE LIKE THIS PROFESSOR

Continued from page u
$50 for some years ago would
cost well over twice that now.
So would just about everything
else you bought in the past.
Mr.. Smith cites the case of a
mathematics professor who was
"good with figures, except his
own" He had $4,000 insurance
on his house and $4,000 on the
contents. Then fire strickland
total insurance was just $4,000
short of covering the loss.
Don't be in that position if
fire-which destroyed property
to the tune of $1,25O, ,0O0, 900 last
year-Strikes your home.
Arizona sun., 1957-04-18
g
,,''.'''-
April 18, 1857

Well Folks
I had a phone call from my
old friend and yours, Editor Doc
Benson. He, as you know, has
been on the sick liSt-couple of
major stomach operations, blood
tranSfuSionS galore and so forth!
When I saw him in Memorial
Hospital, couple of week ago,
he was a very sick man. Yester-
day, he sounded like a new man.
Tells me that he now feels bet
ter than he has for months. Not
back on the job yet but give him
another week or so and he'll be
ready to go.
Say folks! There was a "goof"
in my recipe, last week. It read
112 quarteS favorite beer. I didn't
mean for you to make enough
gravy for the neighborhood. It
should have read 1a quart can
of beer. OF course, it is OK to
buy 11a quarts of beer, but use
the extra quart for drinking
purposes, not gravy making.
AS Always,
Just REDDY.
Arizona sun., 1957-04-18
GENERAL MOTORS GIVES $4,000
Continued from page u

(COntlnued IrOm page y
The grant was made under
General Motors expanded pro-
gram of support for higher edu-
cational which is now in it's third
year. Besides providing yearly
grants to associations of COL
legeS, the plan, when in full
operating, will be aiding 1900
outstanding young men and
women each year Studing under
four-year GIN scholarships in
colleges of their choice.
Arizona sun., 1957-04-18
LABOR BACKS NEGRO
COLLEGE FUND

The Negro College Fund is an
annual nationwide appeal for
funds for private Negro colleges.
There are thirty-one member
colleges and this year the goal
is 100000. Recently George
Meany, AFLCIO president, en-
dorSed the 14th annual appeal
and urged unions to contribute
generously. Both Mr.. Meany and
Walter Reuther, Vice President
AFL-CIO, are members of the
Funds National Council.
Arizona sun., 1957-04-18
SEVEN WORDS OF
COACH McLENDON

Coach John B. McLendon of
Tennessee State A. and I. Univ.
who became the first Negro
coach in history to win a ma
tional collegiate basketball
championship explained some of
his ideas of building a good team
in the following seven points:
1. Athletes must play for in
diviual and team improvement
and excellence in performance.
Don't play your opponent: play
your best. fait
2. Athletes must defeat one
of the psychological shams of
our times the something for
nothing idea. "The big reward
for little effort" idea. ~-,a
8. Athletes must defy the
popular" idea of individuality,
grandStanding, exhibitionism.
4. They must cultivate the
ability to withstand the extra
factor in today'S competition
which is fear of loss because Of
racial identity.
S. Athletes efforts must COM
pensate for inadequacieS in ath-
letic programs like the lack of
facilities, lack of equipment,
poor transportation, lack of
scouting, and other administra-
tive short comingS.
6. Athletes must learn how to
take victory how to take defeat,
how to respond to success. Just
as we learn how to investigate
a defeat or a victory, we must
study the means and reasons for
success.
7. We should use victory as a
means to further our advance
ment rather than as an end.
Victory should not entitle ath-
letes to extra privileges. Victory
should be taken as a normal
state as well as good conduct,
good class attendance, good
practice sessions. Athletes must
translate this idea to other ed
ucational and life experiences.
Arizona sun., 1957-04-18
ILLEGITIMACY NOT RACIAL

DR.. Thomas H. Henderson, a
nationally known sociologist, re-
Gently stated that the problem
of illegitimacy is not a racial
problem. He pointed out that in
1855, Richmond had IS white
and 754 colored babies born out
of wedlock. DR.. Henderson at
tributed the high illegitimacy
rate to a general lowering Of
sex standards and the socio-
economic status of most Negroes.
The lower social classes of all
races have higher illegitimacy
rates than the upper and mid
die classes. ''The social status
pyramid for Negroes has a very
broad base with only a small
middle class and a very small
upper class, according to DR..
Henderson.
Arizona sun., 1957-04-18
GRASSROOTS OPINION
Continued from page l

CONTINUED from page u
leaving 58,0O0,O00 without Salk
protection. The goal of the
spring vaccination program on
which the American Medical AS
Sociation, the Public Health serv-
ice and the National Founda-
ton for Infantile Paralysis are
concentrating is to see that as
many as possible of the O9,000-
900 individuals under 40 in the
nation receive at least two shots
of vaccine by June 3O."
GARNER, IOWA, LEADER:
"Our business is no different
than others in the community.
We are faced with constantly
increasing costs = and frankly
economic conditions in this area
have not been good enough to
make it possible for us to in
crease charges and keep up with
our increasing costs. The Situa-
ton was intensified recently
with announcement of the big
paper mills that print paper is
going up another 81 per ton
which will mean that it will
cost us more than three times
what it did 20 years ago."
TAYLORVILLE, ILL, DAILY
BREEZE COURIER: ut costs
each of us MORE when the Fed
eral government helps us to pay
for our local, state and COM
munity improvements A great
many people have been fooled
into thinking that grants-in-aid
are fine and they as such have
become quite popular on the
strength that someone else is
paying the bill but everytime
we avail ourselves of these plea
Sures it ends up costing us more
than it would have had we taken
care of ourselves"
NORWAI.K, CONN, HOUR:
Three. years after the start of e
the monthly investment plan,
by which small investors are
to buy stock on a pay
basis for as little as
$40 a month, a surprisingly large
number Of people have become
stockholders in various corpora
lions, and are continuing to build
up small estates for themselves.
They are taking advantage OF
the installment buying to share
in the wealth and growth Of
industry and accumu-
Lating a nest egg for the long
pull"
Arizona sun., 1957-04-18
BRIEFS OF THE NEWS

Continued from page u
with special appearances in
Scandinavian countries.
The Nome nugget., 1957-05-15
Inauguration Plans Made in Juneau

JUNEAU, tRHTentative plans are being made for Governor Designate Mike Stepovich to take the oath of office here next week.
 The Senate is expected to con firm tomorrow Stepovich as the 18th governor of Alaska.
 Stepovich told a newsman in Washington, DC, yesterday he plans to leave tomorrow or Fri day for Portland to spend cou- Ole of days with his mother be- fore going to Fairbanks, where a gala welcome home celebration is planned for him. He hopes to be in Fairbanks Monday.
The Nome nugget., 1957-05-15
Disarmament Tests
 May Be Easier Set Up In The Arctic Says Dulles

WASHINGTON, R- Secretary of State Dulles, rejecting any idea of a neutralized zone divid- ing Germany, said today it might be easier to set up a disarmament test with Russia in the Arctic rather than in Europe.
 Dulles told a news conference many problems and pitfalls are involved in working out a pilot agreement for an arms control system as applied to some Europ- cans areas.
 He said that State Department thinking now is primarily con- cerned with Arctic territory and other sparsely settled regions.
 Furthermore, Dulles argued that such an area, if agreed on, could be very. useful in relaxing tensions because inspection in- cluding aerial photography, would cover regions from which atomic attacks might be launched by either of the great powers against the other.