davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1957-12-28

OTTAWA, Dec. 20 (R.-A
Soviet writer says Russian SCI
entists are now plotting ira
jectories for q flight to Mars
Soviet launchings Of two
earth satellites "open up n new
era in the history Of human
culture" v. Dobronravov said
in the monthly USSR Illus
trated News. published recently
by the Soviet Embassy here.
"a flight to the moon. for
instance, will be q direct sequel
to the measures connected with
launching artificial satellites OF
the EARTH" the article said.
AT present Soviet scientists
are also engaged in calculating
trajectories for the flight tc
Mars" United States scientists
who have done some theoretical
work on the subject have
pointed out that such a flight
would curve through space "a
take advantage Of gravity.
Mr.. Dobronravov also pre-
dicted flights around the earth
Of powered satellites with hu-
man pilots. "It will then be pos
sible to transfer rocket satel-
lites from one orbit to another
The rocket satellites will come
close to each other and the
people who fly In them will be
able TO join them forming large
stations. flying orbitally around
the earth. :"
The article noted that Mars
IL still q long way OF. The
creation Of large flying stations
Evening star., 1957-12-28
4D. c. Dealers Fined
As Illegal Pownbrokers

Municipal Court Judge
Thomas c. Scalley yesterday
fined four Washington second
hand dealers 500 each for
operating as unlicensed pawn
brokers. A NTH defendant for
feited $500 on q similar charge.
The defendants all entered
pleas Of nolle contendere. The
fines were imposed by Judge
Scalley on the recommends
tion Of Assistant Corporation
Counsel Clark King.
They appeared in court after
q conference with Mr.. King
and 1t. Jacob Wolf and Sergt.
Francis L. Gaver Of the police
pawn squad.
The defendants attorney,
Samuel B. Block, said later his
clients were the FIRST arrested
under the new law.
The defendants were accused
Of violating the law by agree
ing TO sell back watches and
cameras at Q certain price TO
the same police undercover men
who had sold them Is days be-
fore.
Fined 800 each were Michael
Wertlieb, 1878 Seventh street
NV: Lena Remer, 2823 Four
teenth street NV; Jesse Kell-
man, TAO Eighth street 6E. ind
Evening star., 1957-12-28
Where Soviet Education Fails

has never had great painters.
Neither has Britain. In the
sense that France has had.
But at the beginning Of the
Russian revolution there was
q veritable eruption of prom
ising writer's. Babel. Yessenin.
Mayakowsky, to name but
three. and two Of these were
suicides. Among contempo-
rary Russians living in the
Soviet Union, the hugely
gifted Shostakovich Is a frus-
trated opera composer. When
I was in Moscow. where there
are a great number OF thea
ters and operas and superb.
though thoroughly tradition
al performers. not one mod
ern opera or ballet was staged
and only two or three con-
temporary plays. Those pro-
duced are poor and do not at
tract the public.
Unlike the scientists, Rus
sian artists are not free and
therefore produce little Of
insight or universal value.
The Russian state and So
ciety fears them. For art in
variahly describes or reflects
the existing social or spirit,
ual condition and in the
description or reflection there
Is always q critique. The SCI
enlist Is not told what he
must find. II he were there
would be no science. But the
would-be artist Is told what
he must see and record. and
therefore there is no ere
ative art.
But II a culture concen-
trates on science TO the neg
lect or suppression Of the
arts and humanities it will
never be great. Indeed. any
society exclusively dominated
by science will be a slavery
for everyone except scien-
lists.
And God forbid that
America, suddenly deciding
TO turn out scientists en-
masse df 1t CAM. should so
that way.
Evening star., 1957-12-28
Science Teoching PIon
Calls for Grants to Stotes

the present Federally aided vo-
.cational education program.
That department also would
be authorized to set up a Fed
eral scholarship program. aid
expansion Of graduate schools.
help the States provide more
and better testing and COUNSEL
ing Of high school pupils. and
promote the teaching of for
eign languages.
College Scholarships
College scholarships. to q to-
tai cost Of 50 to $40 million the
first year. would be provided
for talented high school stu
dents who could not otherwise
go to college. Fellowships also
would be provided in graduate
schools.
In q related effort. more than
$50 million a year would be
provided TO the National Sci
ence Foundation for expansion
of its present effort to expand
teaching Of science and math
at all levels.
Most Of that money would
go for updating science text
books, providing more fellow
ships and conducting more
seminars and institutes for
teachers In those fields.
Evening star., 1957-12-28
~ the Associated Press

The United States Tax Court
has ruled that q taxpayer 1:
entitled to q deduction for the
amount paid on a libel judg-
ment. where the libelous state.
ment is made In the course Of
business.
The ruling was made yester-
day in q case in which the In
ternal Revenue Service sought
TO collect an additional $19.3ls
in taxes from Cornelius VAN
derbilt. jr.. for 1851.
Among the deductions claimed
by Mr.. Vanderbilt. and which
the Internal Revenue Service
disallowed. was q $3.243 final
payment of q libel Judgment.
The judgment grew out Of a
statement by Mr.. Vanderbilt
in 1924. He then was pub
Usher Of several newspapers
and said a member of the
executive committee of his
newspaper was evidently selling
or telling secrets of the publi-
cations TO competitive news
papers.
The Internal Revenue Service
ruled that libel was not within
Evening star., 1957-12-28
Vanderbilt Libel Fund
as Tax Deduction

the ordinary or necessary con.
duct Of Mr.. Vanderbilt's busi-
ness and cited decisions Of the
court that such things as pen
alties resulting from gambling
operations are not deductible
Replied the Tax Court to this
argument:
In each case it was held
that to allow the deduction,
would be contrary to public
policy. That is not so here. In
our case we are dealing with a
private wrongdoing as op-
posed to q public wrongdoing
To allow a taxpayer a deduc-
ton for the amount paid on a
libel judgment. where the libel
Gus statement was made in
the course Of the taxpayers
business. would not Illustrate
public policy"
In general the Tax Court
sided with Mr.. Vanderbilt on
other deductions which he
claimed resulted from his ac-
tivities as a writer and lee
turer. But the court said he
couldn't deduct $4,000 expenses
for his then wife Patricia on a
trip to Europe with him in
1851.
I'VE think the record estab-
lished that in essence the Eu-
ropean trip was q personal va
cation for Patricia and that the
record fails to establish that
Patricia did anything more
than that which might be ex-
pected of an interested wife"
the court said.
Evening star., 1957-12-28
Justice Agents Probing
U.S.. Newsprint Industry

The Investigation is expected
to be completed by next May
Attorney General Rogers al
that time will submit q quar-
terly report to Congress as re-
quired by the Defense Produc-
ton Act. Findings and pos
sible recommendations result
ing from the newsprint investi-
CATION will be included in that
report. the department ofncial
explained.
The newsprint industry has
been under investigation from
time to time by various con-
gressional antitrust subcom-
mittees. Justice Department
authorities in recent years
showed interest in the subject
but ordered no comprehensive
investigation until the probe
launched within the last few
days.
Evening star., 1957-12-28

Bn Rosen. 1857 l. street NV.
Violet Levitt. Gal d street NV,
forfeited $500.
An investigation by The Star
showed that several second
hand shops have been oper-
ating a. pawnshops with
out the required license
Under the new District law,
pawnbrokers have to pay $500
for q license the first year and
$3.50 q year after that. A second
hand shop requires q $50 q year
license.
There are only six licensed
pawnbrokers In the District
and over 800 secondhand
shops. The law. which has
been In force since August.
1856. defines q pawnbroker as q
money lender and n second
hand dealer as one who buys
outright.
Deputy Chief Edgar +. Scott
Of the detective bureau an
nounced earlier this week that
his undercover men had made
eight deals in six secondhand
shops. He said the dealers had
agreed 10 sell the article back
at q Get price. He noted that
dealers refused TO make such
agreements in 80 other second
hand stores
Evening star., 1957-12-28
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

One fellow reports that the eSecretary Dulles perform
ance on TV last Monday him renewed vgor He spent
the whole week digging a foxhole
Australia licks tennis the Cup showed
hidden qualities though takes real something
we can lose to somebody besides Russia.
socologst reports that hrst-bon children tend to be
smarter But they also tend TO be older and day they'll
realize that really wasn't very smart Of them.
Modern Republican: fellow who got tired feet mark
ing time in the Eisenhower crusade-and has retired
q disability pension.
Bureaucrat fellow who the information you
want-but has forgotten where he filed It,
II Republican is a who'd rather be solvent than
saved Democrat is who thinks the best saliva
ton Is TO charge It.
Scores of CongreSmen Federal subsidies
students Question: After all this Federal scholarship who'll
provide the United States dollarship?
Evening star., 1957-12-28

The Justice Department has
started an investigation Of
American companies in the
newsprint industry. The in.
Quiry. expected to continue for
several months. is aimed at
obtaining information for Con-
gresS and possibly uncover
some antitrust law violations.
q department ofiicial said to-
day.
The INVESTIGATION Is being
conducted by FBI agents at the
request Of Assistant Attorney
General Victor r. Hansen.
chief Of the Antitrust Divi-
sion. The department spokes-
man emphasized that the
agents will visit only American
parent companies or afiiliates
of Canadian concerns in the
industry. They viii not look
into records relating solely TO
Canadian matters.
Evening star., 1957-12-28

The FBI has come 10 the
aid Of q man who has been
trying for years to prove that
he served in the Army In World
War I.
Herbert Gurley Of Brooklyn.
N. Y, had no luck when he
tried TO convince the Army and
the Veterans Administration.
Recently he saw q television
program showing how the FBI
can make identifications from
its vast flngerprint files. SO he
got of q letter telling his
troubles TO the FBI and en-
closing his fingerprints.
Mr.. Gurley said that he
entered Howard University
here In September, 1918, and
enrolled in the student Army
training corps. which made him
an Army private. Mr.. ourley
Evening star., 1957-12-28
.Porty PorIey
Set Feb. 21
BY Democrats

The Democratic National
Committee has tentatively set
February II for q meeting here
to consider 1858 campaign plans
and ways to reduce its $3.50. 900
deficit.
That date is a day before
the party's annual $l00-a-
plate Embarrassing dinner at
which former President Tru-
man will be the main speaker
Democrats hope to attract
5000 to the dinner here and
to gross $500. 900 for the long
empty campaign chest. The
|deficit remains from the 1856
election drive. Other dinners
and an expanded sustaining
party membership drive are in
'cluded In further money-rais-
ing efforts.
Meanwhile. the Republicans
are expected TO reschedule
their postponed National Com
mittee meeting for sometime
after their January 20 united
Republican dinners over the
country.
The committee had been
called to meet here December
IS to take stock Of its 1858
chances to recapture control
of Congress and to hear Presi-
dent Eisenhower at an OF f-the-
record breakfast. But the
meeting was postponed after
Mr.. Eisenhower suffered his
mild stroke November IS.
The @. o. p. National FL
nance Committee. however,
met December 6 and set a
goal OF S3.650.O00 to be raised
in 1858 by the national. Sem
ate and House campaign COM
vrnfeenn.
Evening star., 1957-12-28

missiles. he expressed f1rm
confidence that American SCI
entists would overcome any
setback in the race with the
Soviets.
"I don't think the United
States is going to fail the free
world-just wait and see. he
said.
Winding Up Career
Mr.. Morgenstierne Is winding
up Q 46-year diplomatic career
within o few days amid q
shower Of farewell receptions.
dinners and good wishes from
friends and admirers.
On New Years Day he will
leave the granite-faced Nor
wegian Embassy on Massachu-
sets avenue to make room for
his successor--a young man"
Of a, Paul Koht.
Unlike most retired diplo-
mats. who Immediately head
for home. Mr.. Morgenstierne
will remain in Washington.
moving with his wife into q
Evening star., 1957-12-28

small apartment at 1911 r
street NV. q half dozen blocks
from the Embassy. The reason
he win stay on Is simple. as he
explains it.
WIN Return Eventually
II have spent % years Of my
life In this country and have
grown to love It more than any
other. after Norway. which al
ways viii come first"
Mr.. Morgenstierne has been
Norway's top diplomat in the
Capital since 1884. first as
Minister and then as Ambassa-
dor. His rank was raised in
1912.
Eventually. he says. he may
return to his native Norway
but for the time being he will
stay here. He said he would
lust rest" and ponder offers
that he write his memoirs.
which would span two World
Wars and scores Of diplomatic
crises.
Evening star., 1957-12-28

Since the launching Of the
frst earth satellites. much
has been written about RUS
sian education and its
achievements In producing
scientists and technicians.
The widespread discussion Of
this matter is healthful and
overdue. The reason why. In
my all-too-br visit TO the
Soviet Union two years ago.
! concentrated on education
there was because Of long
dissatisfaction with our own.
But now there seems to be
some tendency TO believe that
we should copy the Soviets.
Insofar as Russian education
is thorough and concentrates
on basic knowledges and dis
ciplines 1t Is. itself. . copy Of
traditional systems. and not
unlike American education
as 1t was before the progress
sivists got hold Of It. There
Is no reason to take the
Soviet system as Q model.
And 1t might be well to In
Quire now where. In the de-
velopment Of talent and
releasing Of creative energy
which ! take to be the fun
damental social aim of edu-
cation--the Russian system
Is failing.
1t Is not failing in the
exact sciences-mathematics
and physics and chemistry
where active creative think
ing has been released. But
1t is failing conspicuously in
the humanities and arts. And
that raises the question why
Soviet youth should gravi-
tate to science.
For students are not forced
TO become scientists. engi-
neers or technicians. All are
given courses essential to
further development in these
fields. and opportunities for
Evening star., 1957-12-28
Gen. Thotcher to Head
Bonn MiIitory Mission

The Defense Department yes
terday announced appointment
Of Mai. Gen. Herbert B.
Thatcher Of the Air Force as
chief of Military Advisory As
sistance Group of West Ger
many.
In line with department
practice of rotating such COM
mands among the services, Gen
Thatcher will replace an Army
officer. Mai. Gen. Clark l.. Ruff
ner. The shift is effective
April /.
Gen. Thatcher is now vice
commander Of the Air Force In
Europe. Gen. Ruffner will 20
to the headquarters Of the 5th
Army, Chicago.
Evening star., 1957-12-28
DOROTHY THOMPSON
Popularity of Science Troced in PoA
To Lack Of Freedom in Other Fields

advancement. with appro-
pirate emoluments. are great.
But In Russia. Is everywhere
else, the possession Of q par
ticular talent or disposition is
not universal.
I submit without POSSIBLE
ity Of proof that science at
tracts Russian youth not only
by opportunity plus social
pressures. but because 1t is
the one field Of intellectual
activity where they are free.
Soviet Marxism has no
quarrel with mathematics.
physics. or chemistry. In
these disciplines things are
true or not true according to
objective tests. Ideology plays
no role. As q citizen the So
Wet scientist has no more
freedoms than anyone else.
but he has freedom In his
work. In his laboratory he Is
able to concentrate without
party interference. Outside it
he lives his private life largely
with his colleagues and their
families.
Russia. regardless Of guam
titative education. has al
ways produced outstanding
scientists. But prerevolu-
tionary Russia also had great
writers. composers. poets.
draInatists, and social philos-
ophers. some of them peer
less. Dostoevsky. Tolstoy,
Turgeniev. Chekhov. Gogol.
Moussorgsky. Tchaikovsky--
there Is no space to list all
whom the entire world still
honors.
Today. the literary. musi-
cal. historical. and philosoph-
ical output Of the West is
incomparably superior. And
this. ! am sure, is not because
Russian talent Is lacking.
Talent does seem. somehow.
inherent in race and Tor
physical environment. Russia
Evening star., 1957-12-28
By the Associated Press

The administration report
edly will propose to Congress
q program of matching grants
TO States 10 encourage i'm
proved teaching Of science and
mathematics in the hig h
schools.
The plan calls for the Fed
eral Government to provide
more than 500 million to help
the States supplement salaries
of science and math teachers,
employ additional teachers.
purchase equipm ent and
strengthen State education de-
partments.
Other proposals also are
being prepared to help meet
the clamor for more emphasis
on scientific and technical
training in the Nations schools
and colleges. The demand has
been growing since Russia's
launching Of two earth satel-
lites emphasized an increasing
Russian technical eapability.
Giant Program
The giant program. to be ad-
ministered by the Department
Of Health. Education and Wei
fare, would be patterned after
Evening star., 1957-12-28
TANTINE BROWN


The Paris conference has
led some American observers
to divide the alliapces Of the
free world into groups: The
willing allies" unwilling
allies" and neutralists. The
term willing" Is applied TO
the countries whose govern
ments and peoples are deter
mined to resist international
communism arms in hand
regardless Of what sacrifices
this may entail. They are a
minority represented by Tur-
key. the Netherlands. Portu-
gal. Spain mot q member Of
NATO but ready to offer US
its manpower. resources and
missile sites). and such Asian
countries as South Korea, the
Philippines and Nationalist
China.
The unwilling allies" are
France, Britain, West Ger
many and some Of the other
European members Of NATO.
Their governments are will
ing to carry on the fight
against the Soviet tbut not
the ChineseD Communist
imperialism. but their people
are either lukewarm or op-
posed to anything more than
making mild gestures. They
might refuse to take any
chances In the event Of q
Red aggression against Amer
lea. II Is feared by Amer
ican observers In their or
the-record summaries Of the
situation after the Paris par
ley that these governments
might be overthrown. when
the chips are down. and re-
placed by leaders advocating
neutrality.
This possibility was notice.
able In Britain last week. The
Conservative government OBJ
tanned q smaller majority
than anticipated when the
matter Of accepting American
missiles was brought up in Q
vote Of confidence. A dozen
or more Of the Conservatives
crossed the aisle" and voted
with the Labor opposition:
others abStained. This move
was interpreted as meaning
that in the event Of a con-
fiict between America and
Russia which. according to
the provisions Of the North
Atlantic Treaty. should in
Evening star., 1957-12-28
PIone Lights Test
Postponed by Navy
By the Associated Press

Navy tests of anticollision
lights for planes-expected to
produce strange sights in the
night sky over Washington
and Baltimore - have been
postponed until Monday. The
tests had been scheduled for
last night.
Between 6 and 10 pm. Mon
day. q Navy announcement
said. one plane equipped with
anticollision lights Of different
colors and intensities and an
other fitted out with cameras
will conduct the tests in the
vicinity of the two cities.
Evening star., 1957-12-28

volve the other allies, the
British government might
have to resign. It's success
sor inevitably would be q
Labor Party administration
with the strongly neutralist-
minded Aneurin Bevan as
Foreign Secretary (he holds
that position now in the Brit
ish shadow -cabinet).
A similar upheaval might
occur in France, where for
mer Premier Mendes- France
is waiting for o chance to es-
tabIish direct firm" relations
with Moscow and Peiping.
Norway and Denmark. with q
very weak military potential
but important from the point
OF view Of real estate" for
the 200 and 800 mile range
guided missiles. have already
announced their reluctance to
accept them. These two coun-
tries very close to the USSR's
land or sea borders are con-
sidered definitely neutralist.
II is pointed out by some Of
those who attended the Paris
parley that once a link In a
chain breaks. the whole chain
might fall apart.
This is today the main
concern Of our Governments
leaders. They realize this
possibility and are trying to
avert 1t by Offering our allies
not only the latest electronic
military equipment within a
year or so but also economic
enticements. These viii be
presented to the Congress
early next year in the new
foreign aid program.
Congressional leaders have
kept very close to the inter-
national picture. Some Of
them have Travelled since ad-
journment all over the world.
They express astonishment at
the fact that countries on
which we could count TO
stand by US in an emergency
are treated as poor relatives
while we are refusing moth
ing to others.
For instance, the Turks
have been asking US for a
number Of boats which may
be needed in the event Of a
Soviet attempt to rush her
submarines through the Dar-
danelles. These small and
fast boats. requiring only a
crew Of f1ve or six men, are
Evening star., 1957-12-28
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Allied Willingness ond y. S. Aid

inexpensive. Yet Ankara's
repeated requests have re-
manned unheeded because Of
"budgetary difiiculties." Sim
ilarly the Turkish general
stan has been asking for
faster jet planes. Those sent
from this country are obsoles-
cent. They do not have the
high speed required to repel
a possible Soviet onslaught.
This request has been under
study" for months.
Korea has been crying and
begging for improved fire.
power to replace the obsolete
cannon, mortar and anti
aircraft its forces now pos
sess. The American military
assistance TO that country,
directly under Communist
guns. has been cut this year
by some $50 million. In order
to make up this deficiency
and keep its budget balanced,
Washington has demanded
that the Korean ground
forces be reduced by two
divisions. Seoul is willing to
do this on condition that we
provide at least a few of its
divisions with modern weap-
ons. The answer from Wash
ington was: sorry. no
funds" Yet there has been
suficient money available to
sen d Yugoslavia fast let
planes in the vague land
some say foolish) hope that If
ever the chips are down,
Marshal Tito might decide
to remain neutral.
The Spanish and South
Korean economic situations
are lamentable. The Turks
are in the throes of an un-
precedented imitation. An
aggregate of about $50 mil
lion would be immensely
helpful to these three coun-
tries. But the appeals from
Seoul, Madrid and Ankara
get polite answers that since
Congress has cut down for
eign economic aid, no funds
are available. At the same
time some $50 million has
been found for Poland. The
economic and industrial sup
plies sent from Washington
will benefit only little the
Polish people, but might help
consolidate further President
Gomulka's Communist re-
gime. 1t is the old idea to be
kind to your enemies and
don't worry unduly about
your friends, because they
can't 60 anywhere else.
Evening star., 1957-12-28
Corrier-o-Yeor Plan
May Be Halted byU.S.

lay down each year an IS. 600
ton aircraft carrier. 1t had
planned to continue this plan
for i've years more. The deci-
sion to request no funds for
that purpose in the 1859 fiscal
year budget will not affect
spending on carrier construc-
ton already under way. That
includes q 1858 fiscal year
budget authorization for an
atom powered carrier to be
built at Newport News. Va.