davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nome nugget., 1957-11-27
Share Small Nuclear Weapons
 With Allies, Says Former AEC Man

criticized the secrecy aspects of the nations atomic energy law, saying that secrecy cannot halt Soviet progress"
 He urged new legislation based on principle of "unity of the free world in nuclear affairs" :" He said such legislation should foster exchanges of nuclear information and some weapons, and ian inte- grated international program of nuclear research and develop ment."
 Some members of Congress have indicated they have reservations about any dropping of secrecy re- strictions in the atomic law.
 There have been suggestions that the security systems of some allied countries may not be ails- tight, and thus might permit some of the US. information to fall into Communist hands.
The Nome nugget., 1957-11-27
END OF SPUTNIK | ROCKET
 UPDATED TO NEXT SUNDAY'

Soviets said weighs more than half a ton.
 The original rocket-satellite is now orbiting the world in 90.4 minutes, compared with it's orig inal time of 96.2 minutes. Dr. Whipple said had gained about 360 miles per hour over its orig inal 18,000 miles-per-hour veloc- ity due to the increased tug of gravity as it sinks lower.
The Nome nugget., 1957-11-27
Mining Expert Finds Roof Garden Nugget Unique in Experience

Earl Pilgrim, widely known mine operator in the Kantishna District, geologist, mining consul tant and metallurgist, on being shown the huge gold nugget to be given away at the Roof Garden, had this to say:
 Never in my long and varied experience have l seen such a rare and precious specimen of oold y Paid AdU.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-18
This Is Winter?

The weather we're having here right
now hardly deserves to be talked about.
AS such things go, it Is mediocre. 1t has
brought Just enough snow to mess things
up without giving anybody much of
chance to enjoy some genuine Shedding.
The temperature has dropped pretty
sharply, too, but not in the grand man.
ner, not sensationally, not to degree
that holds out any prospect for the kind
of prolonged ice-skating period that lots
of us used to delight in years ago in more
northern climes, where winters we're
really winters.
Oh, it's true enough, of course, that
legions Of people in these parts are COM
planning bitterly of how cold 1t is. But
we must wonder about them. Where have
they been all their lives? Have they never
spent January or February in places like
Nebraska or upstate New York or rocky
and rugged New England? Do they know
nothing Of how deep snowfall can be-?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-18

Haven't they bothered to check on tenn
peratureS in other areas Of America?
Surely, as they brood and humble over
this regions relatively mild chill, they
ought to take time out and look to the
Midwest or certain of our northeastern
sectors and give thought to the day-after-
day thermometer readings there-20 de-
grees below zero. 80 degrees below zero,
even SIS and 60 degrees below zero!
This is something, this study of tenn
peratureS in our broad country, that may
help to warm up those residents Of our
great Metropolitan Area who have been
loudest in their shivering complaints
against our current weather. Every cloud
has silver lining; the snow and the cold
actually are much worse (if worse" is
the right word to use) in the other fell
lows back yard out there in Nebraska or
way up in New York. Let's be frank with
ourselves; let's not be softieS. AS of the
moment at least, relatively speaking,
we're having mild winter here, truly
mediocre winter, especially from the
point of view of one whose apartment-to-
Office and back routine does not expose
him to the elements for more than Ave
minutes a day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-18
Arturo Toscunini

It is doubtful If any career in music
ever has been more dramatic than that
of Arturo Toscanini, dead at SO. Son of
a poor italian family and tiny man of
gigantic talents and spectacular temper
ament, his fame as an orchestra con-
ductor was worldwide. Under his baton,
the music of the greatest composers came
to life in quality that earned him the
alteration of millions and the highest
praise Of the critics 1t was in America,
which had been his home for most of the
past half century, that he reached his
greatest heightS-firSt with the Metro
politan Opera and later with the New
York Philharmonic. But all this was only
prelude to wider and more affection
ate popularity that came to him in
the autumn of life. In 1886, Toscanini
emerged from semiretirement to organ
lie and lead the National Broadcasting
Company Symphony Orchestra For
nearly l8 years he brought to the homes
of this country by radio and television
the finest of music, played superbly.
When he wrote his retirement letter Of
"goodby to my orchestra" there were
many who felt friend and always-wel-
come guest had left their homes. 1t is
fortunate now that his artistry has been
preserved for the ages in his many
recordings
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-18
Church Bombinqs

The bombing OF churches In
Montgomery. Ala, demon
strates the basic antireligious
nature Of those who attempt
to enforce their unfair privi-
leges by means Of terror.
Since they have no love for
their fellow men, they can
have no respect for God or for
His churches either. Obvi-
ously. those who cannot love
and understand the residents
Of their own city. whom they
can see. cannot love God.
whom they cannot see. Be-
cause they would daily rob
Negroes OF their dignity as
human beings by petty humil-
iations, they do not hesitate
to go a step further and at
tempt to kill them.
OF course. only a very, few
people have gone to the ex-
treme Of using physical force
TO keep the Negroes at the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-18
NiggIinq Tactics

One might have expected that Con-
gress would want to take long, search
ing look at the Presidents request for
authorization to use the armed forces of
the United States as he sees fit against
some rather vaguely defined Communist
aggression in the Middle East. But Con-
greSS has not boggled at that proposal.
Instead, it is niggling and haggling over
Mr.. Eisenhower'S additional request for
discretionary authority to spend 5000
million year for two or three years on
economic projects in the MideaSt area.
It is hard to understand this behav-
Tor, unless it is pure politicking What
difference does it make whether Mr..
Dulles may have said something last year
which seems inconsistent with something
he is saying this year? After all, circum-
stances do change Why is it necessary
that the President should state exactly
how the money would be spent, upon
what projects, and in what countries? At
this time, he probably doesn't know, and
If any good is to come of this undertaking,
he will need plenty of leeway to bargain
and negotiate with the Middle East re-
O4PACIlOo VI u. WUIl IldNC
any such leeway if he is required to pub
liSh blueprints in advance of his plans.
These are some of the reasons why
1t is gratifying to see Speaker Sam Ray
burn coming to the Presidents support
Mr. Rayburn has made it clear that he
has no sympathy with a half-hearted,
lame and hating approach to this Middle
East situation. Eventually, in our opin-
ion, Congress is going to give the Presi-
dent what he has asked for. Some of the
legislators may not be happy about going
along with Mr.. Dulles, but we do not
believe that any significant number, in
situation OF this kind, are going to stand
out against the urgent advice of such
men as the President, Admiral Radford
and General Gruenther. OF course, there
ought to be appropriate and adequate
consideration of this project. But if the
requested authority is going to be
granted, the sooner it can be done, the
better We find it difficult to understand
why Congress which seems quite willing
to trust the President with discretionary
authority to take us into a Middle East
was is, at the same time, being so hemm-
ish and hawiSh about trusting him to
spend relatively small sum of money on
programs designed to prevent such war.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-18
Only Texas Could Do 1t

were glad that the PreSi-
dent has decided to aid the
droug h t-stricken Southwest.
but a group of teen-agers has
already come to the rescue.
1t began last November at
the Allied Youth Conference
at Buck Hill Falls, Pa, when
youth delegates from New
Bedford. Mass. hearing of the
drought, presented a gallon
jug of pure Massachusetts
water to the representatives
from Amarillo, Tex.
On their arrival back home
the Texans began pouring the
water into smaller bottles for
distribution to Allied Youth
Posts in Texas, Oklahoma and
other points within the
drought area.
When the water smelled that
good Texas air and realized
where it was, it began SWELL
ing with such happiness $50
the reports from our Texas
friends have it, that the
drought will soon be over.
M. J. Gramlich.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-18
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
How to Fotten Rots-If You Want To
BY THOMAS r. HENRY

Essentially doubling the
weight of normal adult rats
in three weeks by psychology
cally forcing them to drink
nearly double the normal
amount of milk or some nutri-
tious solution has just been re-
ported to the American Asso-
citation for the Advancement
Of Science here by two Har-
ward psychologists.
They used the conditioned
response technique Of psychol-
ogy. The animals were placed
in a cage with a grid floor
through which painful cleo
trio shocks could be given. The
current was turned on about
once a second, automatically.
The rats could avoid these
shocks. however, by licking a
tube through which the nu-
TRENT solution seeped. They
were taught this procedure to
the point where it was fixed
firmly in their minds.
Rat Licks Problem
Each lick postpones the an
ticipated shock for a second.
Three ticks postpone it for Is
seconds. More ticks postpone
it for longer periods until a
point is reached where it is
avoided altogether. The rat
is a highly intelligent animal.
1t experiments with the lick
shock relationship and reaches
its own solution.
The conditioning was used
on alternate hours and con-
tinued for "a hours, each day
for 20 days. Adult female rats
were used. Normally their
weight would not increase for
the rest of their lives. In ma
ture there are no abnormally
fat rats. The animals eat and
drink no more than nature
intended. In these expert
ments they got nothing to eat,
only to drink. The seeping
solution contained everything
necessary for them.
The results as reported by
Drs. David r. Williams and
Philip Teitelbaum of Harvard:
Each animal drank twice as
much as would be contained
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-18
Lntedrotion View


In the midst of the social
upheaval which presently en-
CULTS us, it might be well to
reflect on some salient facts
of history which are extreme
ly important in making a prop
er analysis of the propriety
of continuing present policies
on indignation.
This country was established
by God-fearing men as a mec-
ca where life, liberty and the
pursuit of happiness were &C
corded to all by the ConStitu-
ton. Liberty was denied by
these same men to the Negro
slaves, which most of them
possessed. FourScore years
elapsed before the great eman-
cipator, Lincoln, recognized the
inconsistency between practice
and law. Unfortunately, Lin
coin never lived to fully ex-
press a plan which he GER
tainly must have formulated.
at least in his own mind, for
establishing equal rights for
the Negroes.
Now. almost one hundred
years later, a small group of
venerable but tired old men
have issued an edict regarding
guaranteed equal rights which
does not provide the Negroes
with more liberty. but does
deprive the whites of certain
liberties which have been the
prerogative of man since his
beginning.
Absurd? Not in the least.
For instance, these same VEN
cradle (but tired old men
had inauspicious beginnings.
They, through education. en-
vironment, ambition and pre-
sumably a dedication to their
vocation, have reached the I'LL
innate in their profession.
During this period of advance
they we're progressively &C.
cepted into higher professional
associations and social circles.
until now the circle in which
they move is far removed from
the average man. They have
accepted and participated in
these segregational or discrim-
inatory practices all their lives,
are in effect still segregated
from the lives and problems
of the average man, yet they
rule that segregation or dis
elimination of any nature is
unconstitutional Except for
themselves. It is too bad they
did not have such wisdom at
a tender age. 1t would have
permitted them to really en-
JOY life with the masses and
crusade for the cause which
they now claim to espouse.
There is quite a vast differ
ence between equal rights and
equal privileges. Right to
citizenship is accorded by law,
but the exercise Of this privi-
lege of citizenship carries with
it the responsibility of earn
ing the privilege by acceptable
conduct.
The current situation. there
fore, resolves itself into the
question as to whether the
Negro race has earned the
privilege to fully exercise the
equal rights statute and be in
tegrated with the white race.
There is no point in expand
ing on available statistics. Any
one with the power to reason
properly must acknowledge
these statistics prove that the
privilege to integrate has not
yet been earned, and the
methods now being employed
by the Negroes to force inte-
grafton are only additional
evidence of the inadvisability
and improperly Of integra-
ton at this time.
James w. Rettew.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-18
Before Sleep

Now the room pinches: the
roof presses doWn
As NTH the Weight OF heavy,
leaning time.
We must escape to NIL our
lungs NTH night.
With more than dir-tDith
freedom and Nth sky.
We must make sure the moon
is in its place,
The stars fired in the heavens,
or night clouds
Patterned against the darker
dome. We turn
Assured. The night Is stead
fast. Climb the stair.
Not sleep alone, another ddwn
iDoits there.
Alice Clear Matthews
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-18

ley, who homesteaded a claim
on Beaver Creek in Smith
County, Kans. The music was
composed by Dan Kelly, who
lived near the town Of Harlan
in the same county. The song
was much played and sung
locally. at dances and around
cowboy campfires, and was
first published in 1910 in the
John A. Lomax collection,
Songs Of the Cattle Trail and
Cow Camp" The cabin of logs
and stone in which the ballad
was written still stands near
Smith Center. not far from
the geographical center of our
country.
Q. Is 1t true that there are
almost as many farmers as in
dustrial workers in Switzer-
land? j. o.
A. No. While this condition
did exist a century ago, there
are now about $50 industrial
workers for every 100 persons
employed in agriculture. Rural
population has been steadily
decreasing, and urban popula-
ton increasing. One-fifth OF
Switzerland's 5 million people
now live in the five largest
towns: Zurich, Basic, Geneva,
Berne and Lausanne.
@. What Federal Govern
ment departments supervises
mail-order selling? r. H.
A. There are 3 which have
some control over 1.-THE Post
ONCE Department. the Federal
Trade Commission. and the
Food and Drug Administration.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-18
Bringing Subsidies Down

Northeast AirlineS initiated a New
rk-to- Miami service the other day and
it promises to be good news to all Federal
taxpayers. For this potentially profitable
extension of the New England carriers
route system is calculated to put the line
on net money-making basis and remove
it from the Government subsidy list.
Among the IL major domestic airlines,
Northeast is the only one still receiving
this form of financial aid. The Civil
AeronauticS Board estimates that Federal
subsidies for the next fiscal year will drop
below S45 million, compared with the
$84-million peak for 1851. Still receiving
Government support are the so-called
local lines, helicopter services and some
Of our international carriers for certain
OF their foreign operations.
There is no prospect that all Of these
subsidies can be ended in the near future.
Awarding Northeast certificate for the
heavily Travelled New York-Miami run
was part of the CAB program for reduc-
ing subsidy costs Relaxing Short-haul
requirements and allowing local lines to
make more profitable medium-l length
runs are expected to cut subsidy needs
for some of the smaller operators. Recent
certiflcation of Pan American for New
York-NaSsau service may reduce that
lines subsidy claims. Even SO, the public
demand for air service on marginal routes
and the increased cost of new equipment
offer little prospect Of generally profitable
operation for the local lines. Competitive
conditions on certain foreign schedules
makes them Improbable likewise. He'll
copter service, still experimental, is far
from being self-supporting.
1t is encouraging, however, that this
annual outlay and the requirements for
1t have been whitfield down so substan-
TALLY in recent years. Commercial air
transport is still young industry, but
an important one, and any signs Of
improved economic health are welcome.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-18

in the food and drink Of the
normal rat diet. They became
rolling in fat. Weight almost
doubled. That was about all
the rats could stand.
Normally, a thirsty rat
these had been kept without
water for "a hours before the
experiment started-licks up
all the fluid it wants rapidly.
There may be several hun
dred ticks at once. Here, how
ever, seven ticks postponed the
shock for the maximum period.
The rats soon learned this.
During the shock period, the
experimenters report. the rel
alive frequency of single ticks
increases until bursts of lick
ing appear only rarely. This
apparently is due to the in
creased aversion to drinking
as the capacity Of the stomach
Is approached.
Who Wants Fat Rats?
The nutrient solution used
apparently tasted good. When
a bitter quinine solution was
used, which normally the ami
mails refused to touch, there
was never more than one lick
at a time about once a second.
The rats never resorted to a
greater number of ticks which
would postpone it indefinitely.
When plain water was used,
ticks were at a minimum to
postpone single shocks after
the point of safety was
reached.
Presumably the same tech
nique could be used with any
other animal which could be
kept In the -floored cage,
although even with rats the
procedure is somewhat COM
plicated. Drs. Williams and
Teitelbaum report the expert
ment merely as an illustration
Of the power Of conditioning.
They draw no implications
other than that here is a way
Of producing fat rats if any.
body wants fat rats. Modifi.
cations Of the technique, how
ever, might have possibilities
in increasing food consump-
ton in the absence of appetite.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-18
Israeli Withdrawals

Israel will be serving its own best
interests. and the cause of peace in the
Middle East, if it responds affirmatively
to Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold's
latest efforts to speed up the complete
withdrawal of its armed forces from
Egyptian soil. This means, specifically,
from the GAIA Strip and the Sharm FL
Sheikh area in the Sinai Peninsula.
AS they see the situation, the Israelis
have Justification for being reluctant
to get out of these two sensitive points.
In the past, the GAIA Strip has been the
jumping-off place for numerous hit-and-
run raids on their country-raids which
they have answered in kind, and with
compound interest. More important still,
the Sharm Ell Sheikh area dominates the
approach to the Gulf of Aqaba, and until
their seizure of it, blockading Egyptian
guns effectively prevented vital shipping
from reaching Elath, Israel'S only port in
that region.
In these circumstances, it is not hard
to see why the ISraeliS while they have
promised to remove themselves from all
other Egyptian territory by next Tuesday,
GAIA and Sharm Ell Sheikh positions. But
the fact remains that they cannot hold
on to those positions without being in
defiance of the overwhelming majority
of the U..N. and its November resolutions
demanding their complete withdrawal to
points behind the 1949 armistice lines.
This fact, plus the fact that Anglo-French
forces have long since been pulled out
in full, lends special responsiveness to
the Asian-African move, backed by the
United States and Russia, to have the
General Assembly order Israel to get out
of the two areas at once, without further
delay.
AS a matter of fairness and justice,
however, the Assembly must keep in mind
that Israel has indicated willingness
to abide by its withdrawal obligations If
special arrangements can be worked out
to safeguard its security interests in re-
lation to the GAIA Strip and the Gulf Of
Aqaba. Worth consideration in that re-
Spect is the suggestion that the United
Nations Emergency Force should replace
the IsraeliS in those areas and stay there
pending the negotiation of firm agree
ments to insure such things as noninter-
ference with Israel'S shipping Certainly,
If there is ever to be progress toward a
peaceful settlement, Egypt will have to
abandon its policy of blockade.
Still, before there can be settlement
of any kind. there must be full compli-
ance with the U. MS November cease-f1re
action calling for the complete pull-out
of troops. For the fact is, as Mr.. Ham,
marskjold has emphasized, that such
pull-out is "a preliminary and essential
phase in development through which
stable basis may be laid for peaceful con-
ditions in the area" Israel owes it to
itself and to the world to act accordingly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-18

This is no light service.
1t has been one of the fail
ings OF publishing that no
matter how good a book may
be. it goes out of print.
Then the only recourse of
the determined book reader
has been to make a search for
it. Firms exist devoted en-.
tirely to this sort of thing.
A fraternity of book wants"
has been built up, and for a
modest price above the cid
original cost. almost any out
of-print book may be locat ID.
sooner or later.
~
In this way, the novels Of
Elizabeth Miller. popular writer
Of the turn Of the century,
came into the possession of one
local booklover.
If there were some sort of
general overseer over all re-
print work, the best that has
gone out of print might all be
brought back again.
The detective stories of the
late Natalie Lincoln were so
popular here. that only half
a dozen of a long list was
turned up in local secondhand
stores by a determined inves-
tigator.
There is no telling what
books someone may want.
This is because every human
mind is different.
What appeals to one, may
leave another cold, and so on.
This is just where the paper.
back reissues can play an i'm.
pOICanL part.
More than 10000 new books
are published in the United
States every year.
The total of so years is enor-
nous in number of titles, and
simply astronomical in total
numbers Of books printed.
Yet practically all of them
are grabbed up. and cherished
by many, according to their
likes.
It is difficult for a book
lover to believe that television
or anything else is going to
hurt the book world, or make
reading obsolete.
There are fashions in such
things. The moving finger
writes. and what it writes
shall endure forever, in one
form or another.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-18

back of the bus, but there are
many in the South and else
where who share their sin
either by approval or failure
to speak out against racial
hatred. To hate ones neigh
Dor is to sin against the COM
mandment, Thou shalt not
kill" God will surely judge
those who strike with their
tongue or with a facial ex-
preston or even by silence as
well as those who use guns
and bombs.
/, George M, KOrb,