davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-02
A New Republic

The political and social revolution
which has been at work throughout
North Africa in the years since World
War II passed significant milestone
last week when Tunisia became a re-
public. The step itself was an orderly
one, taken by vote Of the National Con-
stituent Assembly and followed immedi-
ately by the legislators election of Pre-
mier Habib Bourguiba as first President.
simultaneously, the throne and author
ity of the BeyS of TuniSia-whose rule
under Turkish and later under French
control had existed for the past ESQ
yearS-were declared at an end.
1t is unlikely that this phase of
political evolution in Tunisia will set
In motion any fast-moving chain of
changes within the country itself, or
within its North African neighbors. Mr..
Bourguiba was leader of the move
ment which has brought Tunisia in
dependence from France, but with rea-
soned acceptance of interdependence
within the French Union. He is a man
OF prudence, as we'll as of courage, and
his leadership has not been Scared by
either extreme nationaliSm or overrid-
ing personal ambition for power. He
has committed himself publicly to a
"Western-Style democracy" and his cur
rent preoccupation is the drafting of
a Constitution modelled after our own.
designed among other things to estab-
hsh an executive branch of government
more stable than one subject to parlia-
mentary politics.
For the greater North African COM
munity, President Bourguiba frequently
has expressed preference for a fedora
ton that would stretch from Morocco to
Libya-including, incidentally, an Alge-
ria with its own independence from the
status OF French metropolitan" rule.
His position on this matter is one that
brings him into potential conflict with
France, on one side, and the Arab bloc
principle which has drawn its strong
est support from the NaSSer regime in
Egypt. AT the same time, 1t does offer
promise of middle way" solution for
the entire region along the southern
Mediterranean.
However events unfold, Tunisia it
self is favored by political stability and
competent leadership that offer high
promise for its future. 1t is welcomed
today as the youngest republic in the
family OF independent nations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-02

son in philosophy, I recently
opened one Of his most-used
volumes, when my eyes fell
upon an underlined para
graph: Whether our infiu-
ence be great or small,
whether it be for good or evil,
it lasts. it lives somewhere,
forever. The grave buries the
dead dust. but the character
walks the world, and dis
tributes itself, as a benedic-
ton or a curse, among the
families Of mankind"
Just then my mother came
to the door, unaware Of the
book I was reading, and
asked if I knew what day it
was. I said, mo, why?" She
replied, ITS your fathers
birthday"
There is no doubt in my
mind that the influence Of
the character Of my father.
Emory Hope Miller. is still
very much alive and the
world is a better place just
for his having lived in it.
Hazel M. Reynolds.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-02
Civil Defense Critic

Civil Defense has cost the
taxpayers hundreds Of thou
sands Of dollars. About all we
have to show for it are warn
ing signs and literature.
People are flocking to psy-
chiatrists and doctors. sent
there by the monster Fear"
as our Civil Defense officials
go on the radio to warn them
Of the direful results of
atomic attack.
Civil Defense has made no
attempt. as far as / know, to
assure the first essential in
the case of atomic attack: A
supply Of safe drinking wa
ter. In the Metropolitan
Area there are hundreds Of
pure wells. These were aban-
doned when city water be-
came available. Their pump
ing equipment has become
rtisted and unusable. For $40
or less. a hand pump. COM
plete with drop pipe and foot
valve. could be installed in a
number Of these old wells
and a safe supply of drinking
water could be assured, even
If the city water supply was
disrupted and the electric
supply for electric pumps
went out Of action.
Unless Civil Defense can
suggest some practicable way
to prevent atomic attack. it
should cease shattering the
nerves Of the populace.
Frank Gibson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-02
'Unsunq, but =

DR.. Willard F. Libby of the atomic
Energy Commission has Just made the
striking prediction that radioisotopes,
within the next three years or so, will
be doing job worth IS billion annually
to the American people. In effect, as he
sees it, this means that they will COM
pletely Offset or compensate for all the
costs Of producing nuclear weapons and
developing non-military nuclear power.
In other words, according to DR..
Libby, 1.-THE largely unsung but very
benevolent" radioisotopeS- which are
readily produced in our reactors, and
which include the miSnamed waste"
materialS-will in themselves give us
those weapons and that power "all free"
Literally speaking, of course, they will
not enable us to eliminate our huge
atomic OUTLAWS from the Federal budget,
but DR.. Libby's point is that they will
yield concrete and measurable dividends
(Which already amount to $500 million
year, equal to or exceeding the total
we spend annually on our entire nu-
clear program.
These dividends, which are increaS-
ing constantly in volume, consist of the
savings and benefits that radioisotopes
have placed within our reach in such
fields as industry, agriculture and medi-
cine. In that sense, as DR.. Libby has
said, their actual performance so far
and their enormous potential promise
mean that the American taxpayer will
be repaid fully-with bonus-for every
dollar invested in the atomic program.
The repayment may be in the form of
some great advance in the field of
health, or 1t may involve productivity
gains Of the type that lower the cost Of
living.
Accordingly, unSung as they may
be land they certainly have been get
ting relatively little publicity, the ra-
dioisotopes add up to a peaceful factor
in the life of our Nation and the world
that deserves at least as much attention
as A-weapons and nuclear power. In the
long run, actually, they may prove to be
one Of the. best Of all the atoms mind
Keeling potentialitieS. DR.. Libby has
done well to put emphasis on that alto
gether encouraging fact.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-02
Priceless HERITAGE

My father. who believed no
man had a right to bring up
his children without sur
rounding them with good
books, died when I was a
teen-ager. The library he left
behind him proved his love
for wisdom.
He had a habit of marking
in his books and Bible, under
lining his favorite passages
and words to live by. I now
believe he had a purpose for
every time / open one OF his
books / feel the conscious
ness Of his abiding presence,
which is both comforting and
inspiring.
Feeling. a. one does occa-
GionAlly. the need for . les
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-02
Triumph of Principle

The Senate strengthened the civil
rights bill early today by its approval
of the OMahoney-K efauver- Church
amendment, providing jury trials in
criminal contempt and establishing new
safeguards against exclusion of Negroes
from jury service in Federal courts.
A few other changes may be made
in the bill, with particular reference to
the makeup and procedures of the Fed
eral Civil Rights Commission estab-
lished under the legislation. But to all
intents and purposes. adoption of the
amendment has cleared the way for
Senate passage of genuine civil rights
bill-the first one that has got so far
since Reconstruction days.
We hope the disposition of the
House, and OF the administration which
sent the bill to Congress, will be to speed
its final enactment as perfected in the
Senate. That will be done If its sup
porters want to see the great power and
influence of the Federal Government di-
rected to the effective removal of dis
elimination in the exercise of voting
rights 1t will not be done If they wish
to retain. civil rights" as a political
football to kick around in election cam
paigns If the same order of states
manShip displayed by the Senate pre-
walls in the House, a good civil rights
bill will become law.
Many things have been said on and
of the Senate floor in recent weeks to
ridicule and otherwise to diScredit the
principle of jury trial and its advocates.
The most misleading has been the re-
peated contention that preservation Of
that principle in civil rights legislation
would weaken the legislation and the
inherent power of the courts to enforce
their orders. The bill as it passed the
House derived no strength from by
passing jury trials. That was a funda-
mental source Of weakness. This bill
derives its real strength from new
powers conferred on the Attorney Gen.
eral to initiate, independently or with
others, civil actions for the relief of
those injured by deprivation of their
voting rights. That is a tremendously
potent extension of Federal power, both
executive and judicial, in a complex
field And as practical matter it re-
mains undiminished by the relatively
minor safeguard interposed by the right
OF jury trial in the narrow field of pun
ishment for criminal contempt.
minor safeguard it is But it rep
reSents cardinal principle, the i'm
portance of which has fortunately not
been undermined by the astonishing re-
sistance to it displayed by men in high
places. 1t is they, not those who voted
for the amendment, who sought to
weaken not only this bill but one Of the
great traditions of free society.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-02
Idea for College Aid

One Of the important and distress
ing facts Of life in the field of American
education is that many of our colleges
are losing money. This is not because of
poor management. Their tuition charges
and the like have increased markedly
over the years, but their operating costs
have gone higher still. They are not
heavily endowed, and they can't add
much more to student bills without
making those bills prohibitive. So they
must carry on in the red, and some of
them-unless they can get help from
the outside-face the prospect of going
bankrupt.
But this problem is not beyond So
luton. At any rate, the Council for
Financial Aid to Education feels that the
situation can be effectively dealt with If
private enterprise in the United States
makes systematic annual contributions
to the colleges that need assistance and
are properly qualified for it. Founded
by group of Americans who have dis
tinguiShed themselves in various types
of big business, the council notes that
numerous industries are already Offering
stable amount of help. However, as
pointed out to the New York Times by
one Of the councils members-Frank w.
Abrams, former chairman of Standard
Oil OF New Jersey-"Less than half of
the companies in this country have pro-
grams giving money to education"
Enlarging upon this point, Mr..
Abrams has observed that about $4,000
companies now file Federal income tax
returns. Accordingly, If each gave an
average Of only 81 900 as tax-free gift
to higher education, total Of $672 mil
lion a year would be available for ju-
dicious distribution to our hard-pressed
colleges. In view Of the growing army
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-02
Questions and Answers
BY the HASKINS SERVICE

Q. Did the United States
Army Band play for our SOL
diers abroad during World
War I1?-J. J.
A. Yes. A. p. Graham, in
Great Bands Of America"
states that from Casablanca
to Algiers. Tunisia, Italy,
France. Germany and the
British Isles, the United
States Army Band travelled
through two full years, play
ing more than 500 concerts"
The band was brought home
on Army planes just in time
to welcome Gen. Eisen-
hover at the Washington
airport on June 10, 1945. The
victorious returning general
was greeted with the same
salute used for Gen. PERISH
ing, victor in World War L
four ruf1es, four fiouriShes,
and THE Generals March.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-02
Tic for Hackers

When taxi drivers (many
OF them cab owners are al
lowed to increase their
charges. let all of them be-
come full-f1edged, self-re-
specting Americans. like their
patrons. AS businessmen, and
thus the equals Of other
self-respecting citizens. it
behooyes the cab drives to
stoop no longer to accept tips!
Such gratuities may be the
due of underlings but they
would be disdainfully rejected
by employers, men of prop
erty and spirit, and other
businessmen. During A years
spent in serving the public
Tin Government offices) i.
never once was this writer
demeaned by the prefer Of a
tip or Christmas bonus!
Cab drivers need no such
handouts-they will now be
fully able to render excellent
service to their public. being
amply compensated therefor
by added earnings under their
new tariff schedules.
When cab drivers put UP
mo Tips" signs and accept
only the scheduled rates Of
fare, it will boost their BUSH
ness, their self-respect and
their dignity as fellow Amer
leans to such an extent that
before long they will be prop
erly affronted If tossed a tip.
All can then willingly con-
graduate them on having won
their new rate schedule and
can more frequently afford to
ride with them. to their mu-
tual benefit, and no loss to
either.
Taxi Rider,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-02
Commends City Heads

AS a taxpaying home
owner in voteless D. c., who
Is deeply concerned about
the city's future, I have be-
come a student of the tech
niques. opportunities and
operations Of urban renewal.
/ have attended many public
hearings on zoning and pub
lie housing. I should, there
fore, like to commend the
men who have been serving
together as the largely
hands-tied Board of Commits
sioners.
Familiar with the mores Of
the military. 1 have been i'm
pressed with the way in
which Gen. Lane so often,
in the interest of the citi-
zens, did not keep his finger
on his number"
Commissioner Karrick. by
remuneration of voting rights
on coming regulations that
might affect his personal
holdings, has proved his
probity. Both he and Com
missioner Mclaughlin suf-
fered a severe drop in income
in assuming their most ardu-
Gus posts. Each has been
fortnight in appearances
before Congress.
Commissioner Mclaughlin,
by sparkling the Washington
Metropolitan Regional Con-
ference. which he emissions
will cover not only water sup
ply and pollution abatement,
inter-area taxi fare regula-
tions, public health and well
fare. and many more matters
Of common concern. believes
in getting things done gov
ernment-wise in a modern
manner.
1t. Col. Mathe, assistant
engineer commissioner, is
that rare engineer who re-
members that human beings
reside In structures and in
habit the cities for which
planning is undertaken. Col.
Hunter. the other assistant
engineer commissioner, has
battled with bulldog deter
mination for the Districts
interests In public works
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-02
THIS AND, THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

Just 80. with books on
insects. sea shells, birds,
butterflies. fishes and so on.
Much is in them that only
an expert in the true sense
can grasp. but there is q
great deal for everyoneAand
there are always the pic
lures!
Knowing the butterflies
and the moths is q life work.
The strict amateur can
never hope to get too much
out of such books, and he
should not worry If he
cannot. for they are the
result Of much experience
and work, and naturally he
will find much he cannot
understand"
The fortunate part about
understanding in nature Is
that 50 much is still UNI
known that any honest OBJ
server can be sure Of finding
out something for himself,
If he will look carefully, and
believe what he sees.
The description given Of
the beautiful milkweed but
terf1y is a good example. The
picture presented in words
would have enabled anyone
who had the right book to.
find it.
So often. in trying to an
swer such questions, one is
faced with descriptions that
make the job unnecessarily
hard.
We will not forget the real
expert who visited us at the
Office years ago, and when
he looked at letters asking
for identification of birds, he
threw up his hands. IT
wouldn't attempt it for
worlds" he exclaimed. Yet
he knew all about the birds
in a very real sense.
Good observation is the
key to the matter.
And avoidance of clutter
ing up the descriptions with
details which are only con-
fusing to anyone who has
not actually seen the speci-
men under discussion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-02
Airport Debate

Here we 60 again. ike has
spoken" so all opposition to
Burke airport should auto
matically cease. The fallacy
Of such reasoning already
has been well demonstrated
and I think you can depend
on Mr.. Broyhill to continue
his effective opposition to
such misleading propaganda
and thus continue to repre-
sent the best interests of mis-
constituents. Please tell me
why the proponents of
Burke. in their arbitrary in
sistence on benefits to a few
commercial interests, never
as much as recognize that
the residents of this area
might have some rights in
the matter. with respect to
health. comfort and the
safety Of thier homes.
A. w. Reese.
= = =
Paul Kincheloe has voiced
m e a nj ngless arguments
against the efficacy of the
proposed Burke airport.
To claim that the air.
plane industry would work
such calamity and havoc as
he depicts. startles the mind
OF the progressive citizen.
What a poor layman like me
can't understand is that If
the building of Burke Air
port would bring the county
and even the United States
TO such a desperate condi-
ton Of misery. economic
disaster, ruination of health,
not to speak of possible
fatalities, wouldn't the same
thing be true in Maryland?
Three honorable Senators
and Congressman are doing
everything that they can to
have the United States build
the airport in Maryland.
They think 1t would be a
great boon to Maryland and
its citizens but the Burke
opposition claims the ac-
QUESTION Of the airport would
be poison and disaster fer
the Virginians.
The opposition is against
all progress and wants to
go back to the horse-and-
buggy days. Virginians may
be slow in catching on. but
not so with the Maryland
ers who are leaving no stone
unturned in their effort to
get the airport. and they
would be getting all this
wealth. prestige and affiuence
for nothing.
B. J. d.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-02
WSTAS IN SCIENCE
EIectronic Fence to Trace Satellite
BY THOMAS R. HENRY

Royal Society Antarctic ex-
petition on the Coats Coast
on the Weddell Sea. Q part
Of the British international
Geophysical Year program.
under the command Of the
well-known Antarctic explor-
er, Cmdr. v. Z. Fuchs.
The story Of the narrowing
adventures of this party has
just been revealed by the
Polar journal, organ of the
Scott Polar Institute with
headquarters at Cambridge
University.
The icebreaker which took
the party through the We'd
dell ice pack to one of the
most inaccessible areas Of the
earth was forced to leave
ahead of schedule late in
February, the end of the
Antarctic summer, due to the
darkness and gathering ice.
There had been no time for
the crew to help in erecting
two huts where it was pro-
posed that the party spend
the winter at the so-called
Shackleton base. latitude
77.59, longitude 37.10 east.
Twenty-Five tons Of coal and
240 barrels of fuel oil were
dumped on the ice. Most Of
the unloading. however. had
been completed.
The winter storms started
with hurricane-like winds
sweeping northward from the
South Pole. The only shelter
available for the stranded
explorers was an empty crate
which had contained an ice
tractor.
Fuel Lost
The ice broke and all the
fuel was lost before it could
be laboriously transported of
the ice shelf to safe high
ground. The men found
themselves plunged into the
darkness Of the six-months
long Antarctic night.
Building material for al
but one Of the knock-down
huts had been unloaded. The
men worked desperately by
lantern light to erect these
huts, using the empty pack
ing case as sleeping quarters.
Then it became too cold to
work any longer. Construc-
ton had to be suspended.
The expeditions dogs had q
much happier time. They
were housed in snow tunnels
where the temperature re-
NAMED a constant 10 F.
Meteorological conditions
were such that the party was
shut of from radio commu-
nication. It was not until
early in May that contact
was established with the
Falkland Islands dependen-
cies station on Horseshoe
Island, west of the Palmer
Peninsula and approximately
1000 miles away.
Another party had been
set ashore at HALEY Bay,
225 miles north of the Shack
Teton station. They were bet
ter situated so far as shelter
was concerned, but unable to
establish any communica-
lions for some time later.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-02

n reaoer on sheridan
street wants to know about
an insect that is so pretty
it should be photographed in
color"
1t had two black horns at
either end and IL pairs Of
legs.
Yellow, black and white
circles made up its body,
good clear colors as il they
were made with clean
brushes. I could see no eyes.
He had no fuzz.
What is his name?"
He was the larva form Of
the milkweed butterfly.
The adult butterfly has
orange and faint yellow
wings, bordered with black,
with some dark and light
spots.
He is one Of the beauties
Of the strange world Of the
butterflies. the shippers and
the moths.
Butterflies intrigue chill
dren and cats, and adult hui
mans wise enough to be in
terested in beauty.
The languid, fluttering
flight always has attracted
attention.
But despite the staggered
flying, these odd living things
manage to get around as we'll
as birds. and are not caught
any sooner.
Anyone who has tried to
net a butterfly knows this.
The fight is intelligent
enough. enabling the little
flyers to find their favorite
food.
There are many good
books on butterflies and
moths. and these will please
persons particularly inter-
ested in them, and leave the
rest with a sense of futility.
The trouble with most
such books is that the seeker
after knowledge does not
know enough, to begin with,
to use them iptelligently.
He will look over the very
picture he is trying to find.
Part of the trouble is due
to the fact that the makers
Of such books. despite their
wisdom. fail to realize that
most Of those who consult it
will lack enough prior knowl-
edge to use 1t well.
This, Of course, cannot be
helped. It is much the same
with such books as with SYM
phony orchestras. In the old
days, when the music of
Wagner was almost unknown
in this country, a German
born leader of a great
American orchestra scheduled
several Wagnerian numbers.
But the American people. a."
walled a friend, will not
understand It'll"
LET dem hear II, den,
until dey do understand it,
replied the conductor.
4 n \ 4
He was, of course, right;
today. the works Of Richard
Wagner are favorites with
music lovers the worlc
around.