davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-10
THOMAS [. STOKES
Railroad Riqht-of-Woy Rights

the lands. without minerals"
In the case Of the Northern
Pacific, the Secretary Of the
Interior issued the railroad
patents TO the North Dakota.
Minnesota and Wisconsin
lands without first having a
commission investigate and
determine that the lands so
awarded were nonmineral and
so classify them. as is required
by law covering land grants
to railroads. Many years later.
in a joint congressional in
vestigation here in 1924 into
Northern Pacific Railroad land
grants, counsel for the railroad,
James B. Kerr. admitted that
no classification or determine
ton Of the mineral character
Of North Dakota. Minnesota
and Wisconsin public lands
had ever been made by the
Secretary Of the Interior.
In view Of the Supreme
Court decision this week on
the rights of way. and of the
manifestly plain language in
the 1864 act Of Congress and
the 1893 Supreme Court deci-
sion. we ought to try to find
out whether the mineral rights
in these bonus" grants do
not also belong to the people.
We don't need another
"giveaway."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-10
DORIS FLEEsON

The nomination Of Scott
Mcleod to be Ambassador to
ireland is a little candle
throwing its beam on the
extraordinary supineness Of
present-day Washington. That
indifference to duty and to the
welfare and the needs of 9TH
ers affiicts the Republican ad-
ministrators and Democratic
Congress alike.
There is nothing secret, rare
or difficult about the Mcleod
matter that a little stamina
would not solve. The chances
are the stamina won't be
forthcoming.
Mcleod is the former FBI
agent, assistant to Senator
Bridges and warm ally of Sem
ator Mccarthy, whom Secre--
tary Dulles put in charge Of
security in the State Depart
ment. This was in the early
Eisenhower days when Nc
Carthy was riding high and
the Presidents orders were
to get along with him.
The effect on foreign service
morale was immediate. unfor-
tunate and lasting. But Nc
Leod stayed even after he
publicly tried to help Nc
Carthy stymie the Presidents
appointment Of Charles Bob
len to be Ambassador to Rus
STA. Dulles has explained to his
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-10
Stevenson to Head
School Film Board

CHICAGO. April 10 (P.-
Adlai E. Stevenson, Democratic
presidential nominee in 1852
and 1856. announced yesterday
that he will become chairman OF
the advisory board of Encyclo-
psedia Britannica Films, Inc.
July /.
The company sells and rents
motion pictures for use in
schools. The advisory board SUI
pervises the production Of movies
that will jibe with the courses
OF classes ranging from kinder
garten through college.
The board Is made up OF pro-
fessional educators and men In
other fields. Mr.. Stevenson has
been a member OF the board.
The film company Is headed
by William Benton. former
Democratic Senator from Con-
necticut who also Is chairman
Of the board OF Encyclopaedia
Britannica, publisher OF refer
ence works.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-10
New Ambassador Seen as Bringing
Discord in Foreign Service Morale

latest adImiring Boswell that
he wanted to fire Mcleod then
but was restrained by his then
undersecretary, Bedell Smith.
With the President in his
second and final term. Dulles
decided to get Mcleod out Of
the security and immigration
field where he has been a
constant source of friction.
But Senator Bridges is still
the senior Republican. ranking
on Appropriations and Armed
Services.
Dulles offered Mcleod the
embassies of Honduras and
New Zealand. They weren't
good enough. Mcleod has been
paid his price to go quietly
the attractive assignment to
Ireland. ssdc $50.
In itself. the matter Is rel
atively minor. Friends OF Ire
land will wish that amid its
many difficulties it would have
a more distinguished and eff
fective envoy. But it is not q
trouble spot for this country.
Ireland has not protested
the appointment formally de-
spite a press and parliament
tary attack on the selection in
Ireland by liberal forces which
pointed out that Mcleod
friend. Mccarthy, was in
eclipse here.
But the Foreign Service is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-10
Decision by Supreme Court Affects
Oil and Gas Interests-und Public

preme Court decision. Robert
MacFarlane. president of the
Northern Pacific Railway. was
quoted at Billings. Mont,
by the Wall Street Journal
as saying it would have lit
tie or no effect" on their oil
and gas operations from which
they reported an income Of
$3,209.000 from 1876 producing
wells in a 1854 prospectus.
Our oil development is not
based on right Of way but
rather on outright ownership"
he added.
There is. however, a question
as to whether these mineral
rights do not also belong to
the Government as well as the
right-of-way mineral deposits
covered In the Union Pacific
decision this week. In the act
of Congress, July 2. 1864. which
applied to the Northern Pa
cific. minerals were expressly
excluded. except iron and coal.
from the land grants to the
railroad. and we're reserved for
the United States, that is the
people.
On that point also the SUI
preme Court has spoken. II a
long time ago. In a decision
in 1893 1t held that neither
the 1864 act nor a Joint reso-
luton Of 1865 gave any min
eral rights, other than iron
and coal, to the Northern Pa
cific Railroad Company. The
court said that Congress had
excluded from the land grant
actual mineral lands, whether
known or unknown, and not
merely such as at the time
known to be mineral. Min
eral lands were not conveyed,
but by the grant itself, and the
subsequent resolution Of Con-
gress cited. we're specifically
reserved TO the United States,
and excepted from operation
Of the grant"
Likewise the court over
ruled a contention that Con-
gress. in an act OF 1870, had
waived the mineral reservation
by consenting to a mortgage
OF the land grant to aid rail-
road construction. Congress. 1t
said, only authorized a mort
gage upon the property grant,
ed to the company. which was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-10
U.S.. Business Scare IS About Over

a sharp decline in home build
ing while other fields of ac-
tivity more than make up for
these weak spots-all this in
a country whose output this
year may total $425 billion.
Also, war clouds in the Middle
East are receding.
Much of the pessimism man
ifested in the first part of this
year was due to the talk about
the Federal budget being too
high" But the significance of
the agitation was not in the
probability that the present
budget would be cut deeply and
the economy upset by drastic
reductions in Government ex-
penditure but in the effort
to crystalline public opinion
against further growth in the
size of the annual budget.
For there are two methods
talked about to achieve tax re-
duction--one is by cutting the
present budget deeply and
yielding a surplus. This con-
tains some hazards in read
justment of business. The
other way is to hold down the
present budget with reductions
Of a billion or so and to depend
on next year to encourage an
enlargement Of tax receipts
due to healthy business condi-
tons. A surplus Of unexpected
size can emerge, and. II it isn't
Immediately spent by the
social-welfare boys in the adj
ministration and on Capitol
Hill. tax relief for the Ameri-
can people can be realized next
year.
The first quarter Of this year
shows that business is set for
1857 on firm course and that
confidence is coming back
where only few weeks ago
there was hesitation and talk
of a "hair-curling depression"
1t was the long-range and not
the short-range situation which
was the real target of the Sec
rotary Of the Treasury's origi-
nal remarks. The warning
now has served its purpose and
business can plan ahead on a
sounder basis than ever before.
Reproduction Rights Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-10
McLeod's Appointment to Ireland

bitter that he should be re-
warded for what they regard
as his Ratchet work. He is the
last straw on their heavier
than-usual cross of campaign
contributors who skim the
cream Of overseas assignments
in all administrations.
With the Mcleod appoint
ment. career men are left
only in the hard spots: The
Soviet Union. Yugoslavia
behind the iron curtain and
near the Arctic Circle. Pos
sibly the country should be
grateful for small favors.
This is the ready-made case
for the Democratic majority
which processes to believe that
foreign policy is badly executed.
But controversy is discouraged
by the Lyndon johnson leader
ship; the Democratic Senator
who starts one Is apt to find
himself charging up San Juan
hill alone.
1t is beginning to appear in
fact that the Democrats lost
the art of controversy in their
20 years amid the political
fleshpots. How they could lose
on this one it is hard to see,
The Mcleod appointment does
not divide the Democrats. they
are all against him.
1t does divide the Repub-
licans and would bring the
anti-Eisenhower right wing
rushing from its corner-if
1t were made an issue.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-10
POTOMAC FEVER.
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Ikes brace Of 100000 heicopters will be tested
White House lawn This is listed in the budget emergency
squirrel eradication program
Democrats demand that Postmaster General Summerhed
resign They claim he's guilty of using the mails deaud
living beyond his budget and otherwise mpersonatng New
Dealer. sss *ss
Secretary Dulles wants to put foreign aid permanent
basis. No more Of this haphazard stuff From now we'll
go broke according to plan.
Perhaps the for the Post Office get more money
Is to qualify for foreign aid fndunder the program for
backward and undeveloped
The State Department reveals it buying executive
wasebaskes at $40 EACH waebasket may more
but it's more humane than turning old executives the
street.
Family crisis What to about the sixth-grade botany
student who insists he is taking bigamy.
Republican Senator Goldwater blasts Ike big spender
Some Republicans in mood to give the country
the Idians-and the white father the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-10

terposition through the United
Nations the same masses felt
strongly that America had let
them down. And the British
had been accustomed for years
to see Washington toe the
British line in international
affairs. Their feelings of dis
appointment and Illustration
could not be wiped out by
any official communicates that
everything is all right again.
The French people are less
colonial" minded. They have
been somewhat disillusioned by
our stand concerning their
North African possessions. But
their pride was severely hurt
when they became convinced
that had 1t not been for the
American Governments inter-
vention the operation against
Egyptian President Nasser,
whom they regard as the prin-
cipal instigator and supporter
Of the Algerian rebellion, would
have been successful. The be-
lief that we let them down in
a military operation in which
we were not directly involved
is now deeply rooted in the
Fren.h peoples minds.
The balm offered by Wash
ington in the form Of economic
and military assistance for an
indefinite number Of years is
not sufficient to appease the
British and French Illustrations
at the United States. People
all over the world have been
encouraged by Washington to
regard that support as a
solemn obligation of Uncle
Sam toward an impoverished
world. European economists
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-10
New Entente CordioIe' Seen

point out that America would
face a serious depression If it
did not continue its vast spend.
ing on foreign aid and military
preparedness.
The British and French are
now preparing to tighten their
heretofore loose connections.
which in the past ran through
Washington. While we are
thinking globally these days,
the British and French are
thinking regionally. They have
been politically expelled from
Asia and must concentrate
their efforts on keeping what
ever can be kept of their en-
pires in Africa. There is still
some fear of Russia. But even
that has been somewhat di-
minished in the mind of the
man in the street by the be-
lief that the Soviet's main
enemy is America.
A political reconciliation
with the USSR is not yet in the
cards. But the urge to trade
with the Communist bloc is
stronger than ever. Both Brit
ain and France want to throw.
off the shackles which they
say are being imposed on
them by Washington. They
want complete freedom Of
trade with the countries be-
hind the iron and bamboo
curtains. And there is at the
same time a growing feeling
across the Atlantic that the
military aspects Of the North,
Atlantic Pact have become a
liability rather than an adj
vantage to Western Europe.
1t is in this light that OBJ
servers in Washington look at
the spontaneously enthusiastic
reception given by the French
people to the British royal
couple on their visit to Paris.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-10
DAVID LAWRENCE

Well. the scare about BUSH
ness conditions is about over.
Analysts who were gloomy in
January in predicting what
kind of year 1857 would be are
getting more optimistic. It
looks now as If this year will
be one OF the best in the his
tory of American business.
Everything is relative. Of
course, because unless q cur
rent year shows "gains" over
the preceding year, the talk is
usually of a decline" and
maybe 3 recession" B u t
what's being discovered now
is that 1857, while not a
mountaineering year. viii be
good by almost any standard.
Within the last few days
some significant surveys Of the
business situation have been
issued which coincide in their
appraisal of 1857 as a good
year for business. Thus. the
monthly letter of the First
National City Bank says:
"On balance, the strong Sec
tors in business Offset the
areas Of weakness. There
is no evidence that the rise in
gross national product has
halted; certainly, 1t has not
turned down."
There are two major fields
to which business surveys
always give primary atten-
ton. One is the expenditures
for heavy goods--plant and
equipment--and the other is
consumer spending. Here is
what the banks letter says on
both:
Businessmen are planning
to spend $37.4 billion on new
plant and equipment during
l957--an increase of so per
cent over the record-breaking
1856 OUTLAWS. =.
Most Of the scheduled rise
from 1856 to 1857 had already
been accomplished by the first
quarter of 1857. To achieve
their investment goal for the
full year. businessmen need to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-10
indications Are Thot 1857 Will Be
Among Best in History Of America

increase their spending less
than 2 per cent further. Sec
ond quarter OUTLAWS are already
scheduled at a $38 billion an
nual rate. but these early ex-
pectations may not be fully
realized. as has been the case
in each of the last four quar-
tiers. Estimates Of expendi-
ture patterns in the second
half Of 1857 are still very
tentative. but. the best guess is
that they will be close to the
first quarter rate"
Consumers are shown by
surveys to be generally opti-
mistic. though som W h a t
price conscious and cautious"
But. as the bank letter says.
"On the whole. it is picture of
sustained. though not expan-
sive, consumer buying interest.
Turning to the survey made
by the economic division of
U. S. News g. World Report
last week. we find this APP
praisal for 1857:
Business, by almost any
standards other than those Of
feverish boom. will be good in
most lines. In general,
business activity will be on a
plateau. with a few valleys APP
pearing in places where ex-
pansion had gone too fast. +. :.
When 1t is all added up,
the result is a year of spend
ing about on q par with the
spending level Of late 1856. In
total, 1857 promises to be q
year Of stability rather than a
year Of expansion. -.
"All in all, the outlook is
for one Of the mildest adjust
ments on record"
This doesn't mean that the
brakes are soon to be off and
another boom is In sight. There
is no justification for extremes.
either Of pessimism or Of OPP
timism.
What's happening really is
that the American economy
is demonstrating how 1t can
absorb a dip In auto sales and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-10
Mcclellan Group
Opens Probe on
Scranton Tuesday
BY the Associated Press

Chairman Mcclellan. Demo-
crat, Of Arkansas, says the Sen
ate Rackets Investigating Com
mittee will hold hearings for
about three days. beginning next
Tuesday, on labor practices in
the Scranton. (Pa.) area.
Senator Mcclellan, in an
Inouncing the date yesterday, did
not indicate the matters to be
taken up, nor would he name
witnesses to be called. Earlier,
committee sources had said the
inquiry would go into alleged
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-10

The Supreme Court decision
Monday in the case of the
Union Pacific Railroad. which
held that the United States
Government retains title to
oil and gas deposits in rights
OF way granted to Western
railroads during the railroad
building era of the 1905 and
1905. opens up many in
testing possibilities affecting
several big railroads. as well
as oil and gas and the public.
The So decision means,
first and foremost. that rail-
roads cannot drill for oil and
gas on such rights Of way.
Up to now this has not been
going on to a great extent.
Involved in the rights Of way
reaching from the Missouri
River to the Pacific are about
5OO, 200 acres.
Though this decision was
limited to rights of way, it
is provoking questions here
among members Of Congress
about other vast acreages
granted to the railroads as a
sort of bonus, in which oil has
been found.
Most interesting In this
category is the Northern Pa
cific Railway and for several
reasons beyond the fact that 1t
has the biggest land grant Of
all. including-in addition to
a 2,037-mile right of way
many millions Of acres in
North Dakota. Minnesota and
Wisconsin. Among other rea-
sons is that its grants include
lands In one Of the newest
giant oil fields discovered at
Williston, N. OAK, in 1881,
the Williston Basin as it is
called, though 1t reaches in
to several other States and
Canada. The railroad now is
drilling there. is enjoying the
27la per cent depletion al
lowance and other special con-
cessions that our tax laws ex-
tend to oil and gas, and it also
got a fast tax write-off on
about so per cent Of the cost
OF its refinery at Mandan, the
first major oil refinery in North
Dakota.
Very nice pickings in a
piece OF land that was a gift
from all Of us.
In commenting on the Su-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-10

Vodka with Soviet Ambassador
Dmitri Chuvahin. French Am
baSsador Francis LaCoste also
showed up. but the British and
United States Ambassadors did
not.
Prime Minister Louis st. Lau-
rent sent a letter of congratula-
ton to the Soviet Ambassador.
The new embassy is built on
the ashes Of the one destroyed
in a New Years eve fire l6
months ago.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-10
Bolivian Chief to Keep
Tin Mines NutionoIized

LA PAZ. Bolivia, April 10 (E).
President Herman Siles said
last night Bolivian tin mines will
remain nationalized.
They will remain in the hands
of those who work them" he
told large crowd from the bal
cony Of his palace.
The occasion was the fifth an
niversary of the revolution that
brought the National Revolu-
tionary Movement into power.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-10
ISoviets Open New
Embassy in Cunudu

OTTAWA. April 10 (R.-The
new 100000 Soviet Embassy
was opened last night with a
Ihousewarming attended by about
600 persons.
c. D. Howe. Canada's Trade
Minister. the only high govern
ment off1cial present. slipped
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-10

strong arm" tactics by some
unions.
The committee has indicated
its staff was looking into affairs
OF some building trades unions
and the teamsters union.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-11-03
Fan Adds Feminine
Touch Costume

ored satin with ivory or
mother-of- sticks.
White lace fans, says Mrs.
Judd, are popular with
brides; generally a few trail
ing flowers and ribbons are
attached to the loop at the
base of the fan and it is
carried in place of a bouquet.
In the past" says Mrs.
Judd, they had morning
fans, and mourning fans,
puzzle fans, tea fans. ball
fans and Irritation fans. a
fan for every possible occa-
sion. I'd like to see them
come into more widespread
use as accessories"
In Mrs. Judd's enormous
collection of fans. there are
many that could be carried
effectively just as they are.
The dealer never buys a fan
that is not in perfect condi-
ton and, although many of
the older ones are too valu-
able and fragile for use, the
elaborate beauties from the
1880s and '90s are bandbox-
new looking and can serve as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-11-03

AS a cocktail hour Access
sorry, what about a fan? A
fan small enough to carry in
a purse, large enough to peer
beguilingly over, and in a
color and fabric to compile
ment your dress.
Pretty and different-and.
incidentally, useful is the fan
in a crowded. smoke-filled
room.
This suggestion comes from
Marjorie Ogden Judd of
New York, who's something
of an expert on fans-she's
the only antique dealer in the
country who specializes in
fans.
The fan is coming into its
own for formal evening wear,
Mrs. Judd reports-fully one
third of the fans she sells
are purchased to be carried
for a special occasion with a
special dress. These are
generally big, beautiful fans
dating from the 10Th CEN
tury, of ostrich. in black lace.
perhaps, or in a brilliant COL
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-11-03
a handsome foil to a 1857

a handsome foil to a 1857
dress.
Fun, if not glamorous, are
the commemorative fans
usually of paper, and illus
trating a circus, the Column
bian Exposition or the open
ing of a Paris restaurant.
Commemorative fans have
been done for everything
from a grouse shoot to a bal
loon ascension" says Mrs.
Judd.
There are fireside fans, of
painted wood or stiffened
/ silk edged with fringe, to
protect the owner from a
too-hot blaze. There are
cockade fans, that open into
a full circle-utilitarian ver-
sions were often carried by
men; Oriental fans with
ivory sticks so fragile they
had to be pierced under wa
ter, and counting fans
these with a tiny mirror i'm
bedded in the guard. so that
the owner could keep tabs
on a beau in the room be-
hind her while she flirted
with another.
A very feminine accessory,
the fan. To add drama to a
costume, and an extra dash
OF coquetry to the girl who
carries it, it has a real place
in evening fashion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-11-03

eAciasia. A reception fol
lowed at thu Army and Navy
Club.
The bride. who Is a former
member Of the White House
social stan, was graduated
from l1olton-Arms School
and attended George WASH
ington University.
The bridegroom, who is a
former White House aide. Is
a graduate of the United
States Naval Academy. and
is currently on duty with the
office of the Chief of Naval
Operations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-11-03
Dorothy Bowling
Becomes Bride

Miss Dorothy Shreve Dowl-
ing. daughter Of Mr.. and Mrs.
Thomas Bowling Of Airing
ton. became the bride yester-
day of Comdr. Carl Ferdinand
Pfeifer, USN. son of Mrs.
Fred A. Pfeifer of Spring.
field. Ohio, and the late Mr..
Pfeifer.
The wedding took place in
All Saints Episcopal Church.
the Rev. Harry johnson