davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23

The fate of playwright
Arthur Miller will soon be
decided by District Court.
Miller is one of the CON
science" witnesses who refused
to give the names of former
fellow travellers on the basis
that those men no longer are
connected with the party and
that the First Amendment
protects free speech and in
dividual belief.
America, known through
much Of the world as a work.
ing democracy, will soon have
its reputation at stake. 1t will
have to answer this pressing
question: Are American writers
free to write what they think
or are they to be ruthlessly
gagged by "communistic" 90
legal action? Will the court
dare to castigate a man
OF overwhelming loyalty for
adhering to his basic American
rights guaranteed by the First
Amendment? The issue here is
crystal clear. No ponderous
legal machinery is necessary
to decide Miller's fate.
Americans are often appalled,
by wholesale suppression Of
freedom in iron-curtain coun-
tries; yet, are we not guilty Of
an even greater outrage by
ripping the tongue of individ-
ual freedom from the. mouth
Of a courageous American?
The free world is anxiously
awaiting the decision of the
court. Will the free world de-
eide our American democracy
is hollow and meaningless?
II the court is honestly
seeking justice land not
political favor they have
but one course of action. That
= is TO abide by the First Amend
ment and give Miller the free
dom he so richly deserves.
John Metelsky.t,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23

came to the Etude compost
tons. because they were scored
for piano.
But anyone who can read
the melody line can put them
on a mandolin. or guitar. for
that matter.
Today thousands of boys
and girls in the schools take
variety Of instruments, aim
ing to play in school bands
and orchestras.
There is always the lure
for a young student of build
ing himself up, musically
speaking. SO that he can play
in a modern dance band.
This way he may make a
lot of money young and have
a time of it, but it is a uues-
ton whether he will have as
much sheer musical fun as
many did with the sober
compositions of the older days.
The point is. We believe. that
one really intent on musical
study can study it almost any
way and profit.
The profit need not neces-
sarily be in dollars and cents,
but we'll may be in greater
musical knowledge.
Even rudimentary knowl-
edge of musical lore and ter
minology puts one in a better
position to understand music,
which seems to be the be-all
and end-all of modern life.
We do long to understand
things. as we see sheer things
getting away from us in the
mad race we call enlighten-
ment and progress.
30 often the educated per-
son has the unhappy feeling
that he really does not under
stand as much as he should.
for his own good and for the
subject he is investigating.
Music is one of these.
No one who does not know.
at least. the keys. tempo and
other features of musical COM
position, can appreciate music
as well as one who does.
Etude. the music magazine.
helped in this, and did a big
job OF 1t. in its heydey. when
its circulation was 100000.
1t sank to $4,000 copies, be-
fore the end. The Philadel-
phia publisher. the Theodore
Presser Co.. attributed the de-
cline to changing conditions"
Sometimes conditions do not
change for the better.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES {. TRACEWELL
Etude. the music periodical, c

Etude. the music periodical,
recently ended its days.
This will come as a sorrow to
many older people, not that
they had read 1t in recent
years. perhaps. but for what it
did for them as young people.
The feature of the magazine
was a music section.
Now. when one is young, one
never has enough money to buy
what one wants.
Sheet music always cost a
pretty penny, and many a
youngster. unable to buy it,
fell back on the music section
of Etude. of which James
Francis Cooke was editor from
1907 to 1949.
-
That's a fair slice of time,
as time flies. and it incor-
porated the young manhood
and womanhood of countless
persons taking piano, voice,
and playing other instruments.
The writer here, in those
wonderful years. was an ardent
mandolin player. That is, was.
away back there.
The mandolin is not one of
the great Instruments.
But it has its place, and has
helped many a boy to a greater
understanding and apprecia-
ton Of music.
With this instrument, we
were able to play the solo
parts of the piano version of
the pieces printed in the
magazines.
As we recall. they were not
great compositions, in most
cases. but good ones. at least,
and some very good.
They helped supply the
growing needs for more and
more music.
This is, after all, basic in
all music.
Musical aspirants know 1t,
conductors Of great symphonies
know It.
The need for more and more
music makes certain that
music lovers will always have
enough.
One just can't play the old
tunes over and over and over
again--except now and then.
More music is the life blood,
as it were, of music.
Piano students. Of course,
had the better OF it, when it
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23
From the Late Mail

Let's stop this childish yell
ing about missing one Satur-
day mail service. Sure, every
one wants tax cuts, and a
reduction of the Presidents
budget. But before we can
cut taxes, we've got to cut
spending somewhere in the
Government, or we will have to
operate in q deficit, which
would probably increase the
present imitation. This would
make everyone's dollar worth
that much less.
People everywhere voiced
objections to the Presidents
budget. All over the United
States the key phrases were
"cut taxes. trim the budget be-
cause it's too high, and do it
now" To those who yell for
cutting foreign aid as q means
for cutting the budget, / say.
world conditions exclude this
cut Immediately. Those who
attack the Post ONCE are
blaming the wrong party.
Blame yourselves. for you
asked for q budget cut. Con-
gress has justly refused to
grant Mr.. Summerfleld all the
millions he has asked for. And
Congress should be praised.
rather than attacked. for hav-
ing the gumption to cut ex-
penses.
This is the first time that
the American public has been
asked to forgo something that
they have been accustomed TO
in a long time. Hence all
those who screamed for a
budget trimming and tax de-
auctions are the same ones
who now yell for continuance
OF the Saturday mail service.
The American public asked for
a budget trimming, and now
that they've gotten a taste of
it, 1t seems that many just
don't like the flavor. Well, its
too bad. You can't have your
cake and eat it too.
Robert Sander.
As a letter carrier was
amused at the thinking of
M. E. Jamison, who questioned
that Saturday mail curtail-
ment meant a saving to the
Government.
He speaks of a halliday
holiday Saturday. Saturday is
an eight-hour day for resi-
Dental carriers, same as any
other day. We have had a
40-hour work week since 1885.
Since Saturday is an extra
day, we are not paid overtime,
but are given a day of during
the following week. On that
day a substitute is assigned to
the route.
Where were the savings? AS
the regular carriers did not
work Saturday they had no
day off the following week.
AS a result thousands Of sub
stitutes throughout the coun-
try had no work. For them
tthey are paid for actual hours
worked) no work means no
pay.
II you want better mail
service. write to your Con-
gresham.
Letter Carrier.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23
Taxes and Texas

While servicemen and other
small-income workers are re-
quired to pay income tax and
social security deductions
from their small pay checks,
the oil millionaires in Texas
are exempt from paying their
fair share of taxes. They do
this by taking advantage of
the depletion law" 1t allows
them to pay taxes on only a
small fraction of their incomes
from the natural resources
that they exploit. on the fic-
ton that they are not really
earning it, but are depicting
a resource.
I am only a small insurance
salesman and cannot expect
to fight the oil millionaires,
who own and control newspa-
pers. radio stations. and even
dictate their policies to the
Congressman from their
States. But I believe the pub
lie should know that these oil
millionaires took advantage
Of the Suez crisis to raise the
price of oil. gas and gasoline,
and do not even pay their own
fair share of income taxes.
Paul SteinIein.
Two recent columns from
your paper, one by Thomas L.
Stokes and one by Doris
Fleeson, purport to describe
what a powerful grip the oil
industry has on the United
States Government. Both es-
sentially attack Senator
Lyndon Johnson for defending
the rights of free enterprise
and the State of Texas.
Neither Miss Fleeson nor
Mr.. Stokes made any attempt
to analyze the circumstances
involved in the 27ii2 per cent
depletion. This is what / call
"selective reporting" for the
socialistic viewpoint. Both Mr..
Stokes and Miss Fleeson APP
pear to be for increased taxes.
more bureaucracy, and I'M
doubtedly want the control of
all industry by the Federal and
centralized government. This
they project without being
hindered or handicapped by
facts.
Be assured that there are
numerous thinking Americans
who are preparing to throw of
the yoke of the octopus-a
parasitic and growing bureauc-
racy. This Nation was not
founded nor made great by the
socialistic dogma propounded
by Miss Fleeson and Mr..
Stokes. 1t was founded by in
dividuals escaping the types
Of government they espouse
and advocate.
L. L. Logue.
Dallas, Tex.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23

the site east Of Lafayette Park
north Of the Treasury Annex.
incidentally, the site Of the
First Division Monument was
designated by an Act of Con-
gresS. Let's stop being silly.
Charles Coulter,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23

The conflict that arose re-
Gently between Joseph Alsop,
Herald Tribune columnist,
writing from GAIA. and the
United Nations. which has
questioned his accuracy. does
not seem to involve much Of
factual substance. Also re-
ported that on the GAIA side
of the line the U. N. had agreed
to mixed patrols Of UNEF and
Egyptian forces. which, with
the restrictions on UNEF re-
garding the actual employ
ment of arms, would hardly
protect Israel from renewed
incursions-which the Israelis
claim have repeatedly occurred
since the cease-fire.
The United Nations con-
tradicts, saying that final ar
rangements about patrolling
will depend on the response
of Israel TO the request that
UNEF forces be deployed on
both sides of the demarcation
line.
Meanwhile, President Mas
ser has repeatedly assured U.N.
Secretary General Hammar-
skiold that Egypt will do ev-
erything possible to discourage
the resumption of raids from
the Egyptian side, and make
it known in GAIA that this
is Egyptian policy.
Israel Rejects Patrols
Israel has so far rejected
any patrols except her own,
unless or until Egypt an
nounces that she is no longer
in a state of war with Israel.
A state of war does exist,
insofar as the relations be-
tween Israel and her neigh
bors have been governed since
1949 only by an armistice
agreement that explicitly re-
jects the permanence of even
the present frontiers.
The reopening of the war
by Israel at the end of last
october has not reduced Arab
apprehension that these ex-
tended frontiers do not rep
resent the limit of Israel's
ambitions.
But as far as GAIA Is con-
cerned. UNEF has the limited
task of trying to put an end
to armed incursions from both
sides, and regarding these,
pertinent to the whole ques-
ton Of patrolling. Alsop omits
reference.
UNEF has recommended
that a narrow. mined buffer
between GAIA and Israel and
on the territories of both be
established and patrolled by
UNEF. This is practical be-
cause it is almost impossible
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23

@. Who operated the first
night train in the United
States?-A. Y.
A. In l848, on the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad. the coun-
try's first night train made the
trip from Cumberland, Md,
through West Virginia to Bal
timore. Henry Gassaway Davis
supervisor Of the Cumberland
Baltimore division. planned
the experiment and was in
charge Of the history-making
trip. Since the road ran
through mountainous territory
and the engine had no head
lights, a brakeman was fire.
quently sent ahead with a
lantern to make sure there
were no boulders on the track.
@. Is any one trait or factor
considered the most necessary
for success in business?--R. o.
A. Human engineers" and
aptitude testing laboratories
have concluded that a persons
success In life depends more
on his vocabulary than on any
other one factor. A person VIVA
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23
Thorn

Who doctors the deer when
he is shot?
The wolf tDhen he Is shared?
Does the for In pain turn home
again
To lick the mound incurred2
HoiD then may I amend a
heart
No medic can reviue
Sdue turning to my home In
you
And prow again dlipe'
EdseI Ford
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23

Pen names may be used ~
letters carry Driters' correct
names and addresses. Au
letters are subject to conden-
sdtion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23
Gets in the Brother Act

II Edgar Eisenhower has
been criticizing Dwight since
Dwight was Ave years old. It's
just too bad he didn't pay
some attention TO Edgar!
G. w.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23

@. How deep-rooted are the
giant cactus plants on West
ern deserts2-T.S.
A. The giant cactus has q
surprisingly short taproot,
sometimes only a few feet
long, but 1t spreads its roots
out horizontally for many
feet. A 75-foot cactus may
send out a circle of interlacing
roots which reaches UP to $50
feet In diameter. Il,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

bI IHE uHSMIN SERVICE
mai any ractua, question nv urr,
lose 2 postage ""
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23

cannot communicate his ideas
and thoughts is under a great
handicap.
@. What is the name of the
old poem which tells about the
wind racing up and down
through a town?-R. z.
A. This is 1.-THE Wind in a
Frolic,' by William Hewitt
u792-l879. 1t begins, 1.-THE
wind one morning sprang up
from sleep. Saying, Now for a
frolic! Now for a leap! Now
for a madcap galloping chasel
III make a commotion in every
placep"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-04-23
Arthur Miller's Case

Dallas. Tex.
Evening star., 1957-04-21

had established a beachhead among
the ranks of the liberals, imme-
diately seized on Senator O'Ma-
honey's "disaffection. Southern
papers gave prominent play to the
new development and expressed the
hope editorially that at last per-
haps the liberals were beginning
to see the light.
Senator Paul Douglas of Illinois,
leading proponent of civil rights,
tried to repair the damage with a
lengthy legal defense of the pend
ing bill. His answer to the Southern
argument required eight pages OF
the body Of the Congressional Rec
ord and it cited numerous previous
cases to support his argument that
there is no constitutional guaran-
tee of Jury trial in contempt pro-
ceedings."
A decision. one way or the other.
might be in sight when Congress
returns to its labors. for Senator
Eastland, chairman Of the Judici-
ary Committee, said. before return
ing to Mississippi last week. that
his committee would take up the
bill when Congress gets back.
The administration bill has al
ready been reported by the House
Judiciary Committee, and is pres
emily awaiting floor clearance by
the Rules Committee. House civil
rights proponents expect no trouble
at their end of the Capitol. for the
House passed civil rights legisla-
ton last year without much diff
Guilty.
Evening star., 1957-04-21
Civil Rights:
The Jury Issue

When the 85th Congress assem-
bled in January. a sufficient number
Of members in both the House and
the Senate appeared ready to follow
through on the commitments both
parties have made to enact civil
rights legislation.
But since then Mr.. Eisenhower's
admittedly moderate" civil rights
bill has encountered trouble in the
form Of an all-out attack by the
South's most articulate legal minds
On the lack of provision for trial
by jury in contempt cases arising
out Of failure to heed injunctions
against civil rights violations.
Day in and day out, the South
erners have pounded away at what
they call "the denial of funda-
mental right Of all Americans"
Their offensive had been made
more effective by the fact that 1t
has been led not by a rabble-
rouser, but by Senator Sam Erwin
OF North Carolina. former Su-
preme Court justice in his State
whose legal acumen is admired by
most Of his colleagues from the
North as we'll as the South. No one,
not even the National Association
for the Advancement Of Colored
People, has accused Senator Erwin
OF being a racist. In his presenta-
ton OF the Southern viewpoint,
there is no talk Of "mongrelization"
or OF "racial purity"
Senator Erwin has directed his
soft-spoken attack against that
part OF the bill that permits the
Department of Justice to seek an
injunction against States refusal
to register a Negro voter. Viola
tions Of the injunction could be
punished by a fine or prison sem
tence, with no requirement that the
defendants be given a jury trial.
Senator Ervin's side Of the ar
gument has made its inroads on
the liberals. Last week one OF
them. Sentor Joseph O'Mahoney.
Democrat of Wyoming, announced
that he had some misgivings about
the denying Of jury trials In such
civil rights cases. He previously
had voted with the Southerners
when the bill came up in the SUBJ
committee on Constitutional rights.
Southerners. hoping that they
Evening star., 1957-04-21
The Budget

The Federal budget remains
the most formidable blockade to
legislative progress. Appropriation
bills which customarily move
through the House in a couple of
days are now getting detailed and
lengthy examination in committee
before going to the floor, where
they are battered by debate and
amendments for several days. Six
Of the IA annual money bills still
have not received action in the
House; two Of these are the defense
budget and foreign aid fun d S,
neither of which will be disposed
Of quickly.
The final pre-Easter money bill
was $3.50, ,799. 1893 allotment for
fiscal 1857 to the United States In
formation Agency. the State and
Justice Departments, Federal courts
and special presidential fund for
such programs as cultural ex-
changes. The whole bill was cut
$l0l.850. .009. or is per cent from
the Presidents request.
The House made no attempt to
restore any Of the 1919 million
trimmed from the USIA funds by
the Appropriations Committee.
Representative friendly to USIA
feared that any move to replace the
big propaganda-information agen-
cy's allowance might result in still
deeper cuts. Mr.. Eisenhower had
requested $144 million for USIA.
but his plea to the Appropriations
Committee expressing deep con-
cern" over the reductions went un-
needed in committee and on the
floor.
Evening star., 1957-04-21
Deadlock on Arms

In London. where the United
Nations Disarmament Subcommittee
has been meeting since March l8
with as yet no measurable results.
the apparent deadlock on nuclear
arms limitations continued. Basic
ally. the argument remains un-
:hanged-the Soviet Union demand
ing an outright prohibition of
nuclear weapons manufacture and
use; the West. led by the United
States, insisting on a foolproof
system of inspection and control
as an indispensable pre-condition
to any nuclear ban.
But the failure of the negotiators
TO arrive at any solid agreements
was not wholly a matter for gloom.
Notably absent from the London
discussions were the familiar re-
examinations Of former years.
There were no bristling reflections
of each others proposals by the
chief spokesmen. Harold E. Stassen
for the United States and Valerian
A. zorin for the Soviet Union.
Bolstering optimism little more
was the fact that the conferees,
breaking up for an Easter recess.
planned to return to London We'd
nesday for a resumption Of sessions.
There were. of course. no real
prospects that any substantial
agreement on disarmament. partic-
ularly In the atomic field. would
be achieved at this years confer
ence. But conservative observers
did not rule out the possibility that
a small beginning might be made.
perhaps partial control and limita-
Evening star., 1957-04-21
Middle East:
Kingiy Act

In the Middle East, today's most
critical arena of conflict between
East and West in the cold war. the
West won at least a temporary
victory last week.
Young King Hussein Of Jordan,
moving with amazing swiftness and
cool determination. headed of a
nationalist coup by the pro-
Egyptian and pro-Soviet forces in
his little desert kingdom. BY the
end Of the week, the monarch was
in charge Of things and his major
foes were either exiled or in sullen
obedience to the throne.
Hussein. whose grandfather, King
Abdullah, had fallen a victim to a
fanatical Arab assassin, has been
looked upon as genial young man
addicted to fast motor cars and
their precision-built engines. In
the view of most informed stu
dents of the Hashemite Kingdoms
affairs. he was a pushover for the
willy politicians and military men
who surrounded him. Last week
His Majesty fooled them all.
The King himself precipitated
the Jordanian crisis by demanding
the resignation of the cabinet
headed by pro-Soviet Premier SUI
LEHMAN Nabulsi. Mr.. Nabulsi COM
piled. but for several days the King
was unable to find a successor. A
week ago it appeared that the
monarch's gambit had failed. and
that the nationalists would dictate
Mr.. Nabulsi's successor.
In the fast-moving sequence of
events it was revealed that the
Kings favorite protege, Ali Abu
Nuwar. promoted from major to
major general in a few short
months and successor to the Brit
ish Sir John Club as commander
of the Arab Legion, was in league
with Mr.. Nabulsi and the enemies
Of the monarch.
Chief aim of the nationalists. who
can count on the bitter support of
thousands of displaced Palestinian
Arabs now living wretchedly in Jor-
dan. appears to have been either
elimination of Hussein or his reduce
tion to impotence. then a merger
of Jordan with Syria in a new Arab
nation subservient to Egypt's die
tator. Canal Abdel Nasser, and pro-
Soviet in orientation.
But King Hussein held trump
card, and last week he played it at
the crucial moment The desert
Bedouin tribes. traditionally loyal
to the Hashemite throne. apprised
the palace In Amman OF the plot
and moved thousands OF tough des-
ert fighters to the capital area.
When Gen. Nuwar and Mr.. Nabulsi's
ier-designate. his ally Abdel
Evening star., 1957-04-21
hAoy Stop Meot-ox

The statement of the Presidents
views may well serve to discourage
any future meat-ax approach to
appropriations bills. It certainly
could be expected to have some
effect in the Senate. which still
must consider all IA money bills.
But beyond any influence it may
have on the rising economy tide
in Congress. the letter to Mr.. Ray,
burn was significant also in that it
represented a refusal by Mr.. Eisen-
hover to bow to charges by conserv-
atives in his party that his modern
RepublicaniSm" had a distressing
tinge Of spendthriftism.
The budget was also made fam
lily matter last week.
The Presidents older brother,
Edgar (the conservative" Eisen-
hower). told reporters that he just
could not understand how brother
Dwight could have approved such
an diversified budget. He added
that he was disturbed over the lib
eral influence on his brother of
such advisers as Paul Hoffman,
Sherman Adams and Milton Eisen-
hover, the youngest Of the Eisen-
hover boys.
The President, Of course, was
asked at his press conference for a
comment. The comment: Edgar
has been criticizing me since / was
five years DID,"
Subsequent news stories recalled
that Edgar and Ike were sparring
partners during most Of their
childhood in Abilene. Kans.. and as
late as 1858. Edgar is quoted as
having boasted: II can still lick
him anytime"
Wednesday night Edgar Eisen-
hover was a guest at a stag dinner
IN the White House. Afterwards he
assured reporters that nothing had
come between him and his brother.
But about that budget-he hadn't
changed his mind a bit; 1t was still
too big. he thought.