davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-04
Aviation Sets
New Records;
Losses Heavy
BY VERN HAUGLAND

Aviation reached new ex-
tremes of speed and altitude and
traffic volume-and of disaster
in hight-in 1856.
The most shocking aviation
accident Of all-the June 80 COL
lision Of two of the newest,
fastest. highest flying and
safest" airliners four miles
above Arizona's Grand Canyon
killed all 1913 persons aboard.
Only 10 days earlier a Ven
ezuelan airliner with "a persons
aboard had plunged in flames
into the Atlantic off Asbury
Park. N. j.
The Grand Canyon disaster
and other mid-air collisions and
near misses touched off a sharp
acceleration of the national pro-
gram for improved air traffic
control, and produced for the
Civil Aeronautics Administra-
ton the greatest one-year ap-
propriation-$75 million-in its
history.
Program Speeded
The CAA, as a result, COM
pressed into three years the $246
million airways modernization
program it had planned to &C.
complish In five years, and an
nounced as a starter a SO million
order for % long range radar
sets.
The CAA also acquired two
Air Force B-57 light Jet bombers
with, which to prepare for the
Inauguration, In 1859, of airline
Jet operations.
The Bell X-2 rocket-powered
research plane took the headline
play in flight performance, only
10 meet a tragic end.
Air Force 1t. Col. Frank Ever
est flew the stainless-steel-and-
nickel-alloy craft an unprece-
denied 1900 miles an hour in
July. A few weeks later. Capt.
Iven Kincheloe took it an alti-
tude Of 126,000 feet, much higher
than anyone else had ventured.
On September 81. Capt. Mil
burn C. Apt. making his first
flight in the X-2, reached a new
speed mark of 1900 miles an
hour-as recorded by his instru-
ments-only to die when the ma
chine went out of control.
New aircraft continued to come
to grief in spite Of their promis-
ing performances.
The Nays second XP-6M-1
Seamaster multi-jet seaplane
broke apart in flight IL months
after the first XP-6M was lost,
late In 1955-but this time the
crew escaped.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-04

in closed end assets, UP from
81. l99. OBS, 900 a year ago.
Investment companies combine
the funds of participating share
holders and invest them in d.
versified securities to distribute
the risk in protecting principal.
Mutual funds, or open-end
companies, sell new shares to any
interested purchaser and redeem
shares of anyone wanting to sell.
The price is determined by di-
viding the funds assets. as de-
termined twice a day from the
value of its securities,
by the number of outstanding
shares.
Closed-end companies, on the
other hand, have a fixed num-
Der of shares issued at the time
the firm was formed. They can
only be purchased If a member
wishes to sell. so that the price
depends on the supply of and
demand for the shares.
Expansion Cited
The 1856 year-end total COM
pares with 1855 $9,036 sos. OC0
and the $1,061, $4,000 in assets
OF the 43 closed-end companies
and 60 open-end companies who
formed the association in 1910.
BY 1916 the members total
assets were $2,162,517.000 and
in 1851 they were $4,072, 088, 900.
Mr.. Burr said that a record
number of about $4,000 new ac-
emulation plans-investment of
a fixed amount of money at
regular intervals in mutual fund
shareS-helped increase the
members assets this year. The
total of new plans compared
with 114,974 opened in 1855. and
brought the total now in force
to $4,000.
The new accumulation plans
also contributed to raising the
number of shareholder accounts
in mutual fund companies to a
record 2.494,000 and the total
accounts of all members to g.
$4,000, also record. The
closed-end companies raised
their number of accounts to
$4,000 from 1928 in 1855,
even though they had one less
member. Mr.. Burr attributed
this to changes in overlapping
accounts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-04
- MILLIONS
BY DAVID ]. WILKIE
Associated Press AutomotiYe Editor

DETROIT, Jan. 4.-The year
1856 will 60 into the auto in
dustry's records as the year Of
readjustment readjustment
from q fantastic period Of pro-
duction and retail sales.
From a 1855 record of 1920, 900
car assemblies and 100000 re-
tail deliveries, 1856 declined to
about 6 million assemblies and
So million retail deliveries, max
ing 1856 the industry's fourth
biggest year.
Less precipitate was the drop
in truck output. From the 1855
total Of about 100000 units
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-04
Specialists Wanted

NEW YORK, Jan. 4 (P.-
Wanted: 10000 trained spe-
cialists to operate the 10000 cleo
tronic brains" that will be in
use in this country by 1866. This
call was sounded by Thomas j..
Watson, jr.. president Of Inter-
national Business M hin e S
Corp, in a year-end statement.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-04
Years Dip in Auto SoIes
Credited to Reodiustment

truck competitions declined to
about IL million.
Important to the induStry'S
future was the adoption by Con-
Igress of the new and greatly ex-
gpanded Federal highway pro-
gram. The program will tre-
mendously expand the industry's
potential market.
Unofficial computations indi-
cate the American people spent
about $l2 billion for new cars
in 1856. Industry executives are
predicting at least 6.5 million
car assemblies and retail de-
lliveries in 1857.
Major developments of 1856
include:
Ford Motor Co. became pub
licly owned through the sale of
some of its common stock. 1t
borrowed $3.50 million for ex-
pansion.
Voluntary production cutbacks
reduced a record-smashing
March ! dealer inventory of
100000 cars to a normal &C
formulation in six months.
Revision of manufacturer
dealer relations resulted partly
from Federal legislation and
partly from voluntary action by
the car makers.
The car makers revived the
manufacturer sponsored Ma
tional Auto Show.
New Lease on Life
Studebaker-Packard got a
new lease on life through a
management contract agreement
with Curtiss- Wright Corp.
The industry spent an eSti-
mated $685. 100000 on plant
expansion and additional facili-
ties in 1856.
The industry paid an average
of $4,000 hourly rated workers
So OBS, 100000 in 1856. They
worked an average of 1915 hours
weekly and had average weekly
earnings of $92.18. Their aver
age hourly pay was $3.50. In
1855, an average of 100000
workers were paid $3.765, 000. 900.
They had average working hours
of 42.7 weekly; average weekly
earnings of S97.78 and average
hourly pay of 1929.
The drop in 1856 weekly earn
ings reflects the cut in produc-
ton and overtime.
Developed and brought out for
the year ahead were cars boast
ing the broadcast styling and en-
cheering changes the industry
ever made for a single model
changeover - and substantially
higher price tags.
Introduction of fuel injection
systems for passenger cars.
Earnings Decline
Dollar-wise the year brought
sharp declines in the earnings of
General Motors, Ford and
Chrysler and continuing losses
for the smaller Studebaker-
Packard Corp. and American
Motors Hudson, Nash and
Rambler.
In the competitive battle for
leadership in the industry's out
put and retail deliveries. Chevro-
let continued to top Ford division
by a substantial margin. At the
start of the new model year
Chevrolet led Ford in production
by better than 100000 units. It's
retail sales leadership was In
excess of 10000 units.
The industry enters the new
year with bright prospects for
production and sales volume that
could run second to the record
smashing total of 1855. This
view. held by many industry au-
thorlties. is based on the fact the
car makers and the retailers
made an almost complete clean
up Of the inventory problem and
have product superior in styling
and engineering to any in car
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-01-04
MUTUAL FUNDS

NEW YORK. Jan. 4 R1.-The follow
ing table complied by the National Asso-
citation Securities Dealers, Inc. gives the
high, low and last bid price in 1856
Of the leading Investing comnanies.
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15

after Woodrow w. Mann asked
the NAAcP to submit such in
formation.
The NAACP has challenged in
federal court the consitutionality
of the reeently-enacted Little
Rock ordinance.
Mrs. Bates teiephoned talk was
heard over 1oudspeakers at the
meeting, which was attended by
nearly 5000 persons. Also heard
by means of telephone and loud
speakers were four of the nine
Negro pupils enrolled in Central
High school.
DIR. Claiming H. Tobias NAA
CP Board chairman, who pre-
sided at the meeting, declared
that the Little Rock Negro young
sters are Representatives of a
fight by Americans for America"
and that the struggle "is not a
fight for Negro rights but for
American rights
In response to an appeal by
Rev. L. S. White, pastor Of Will
iams Institutional CINE church,
the audience contributed $2400 to
the work of the NAACP.
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15
= our opinion +:
Loss Of The City Council Will
Bring No Tears from The Negro

Monday mite marked the end of the Mayor-City Council
form of government in Little Rock Whether that is good
or bad is little early say But there one thing that
feel very Of and that is that the loss of the mayor
and the city council will bring to any eyes in
the heads of Negroes
The recent controversy school indignation
trail hi school completely dsrobed the city officials and
most of the county and state officials the extent that
the Negro needed no longer guess whom they were,
neither where they stood
The mayor and his city council proved clearly their
stand when they in less time than it takes write
what is considered unconstitutional ordinance called
the Bennett law to penaze heads Negro organization
who reputable citizens far citizenship goes in Lit
tie Roc because they unfolding the law of the land
as Interpreted by the most sacred body the Unit
ed States No record has been made available to the pub
lie where the mayor any member of the city council
made any effort to bring any member of the mob who
took over the city during the school crisis and wreaed
havoc innocent people whose skin texture was of diff
ferent shade
AS has been stated, it known II the change in
city administration is better for the citizens of ebony hue
but from the past few weeks administration under the
Others who held the rens of government cannot posi-
bly, be any worse off There Is consolation that we can
avail ourselves Of and that the consolation of finding
Out who they are and what they WILL stand for
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15
Naacp to Submit List Only on
Order Of U.s.. Supreme Court

Little Rock and other southern
communities have been warned
that the NAACP will surrender
its membership lists to them only
If the Supreme Court of the
United States say that we must
submit them
Roy Wilkins, NAACP executive
secretary, voiced this warning in
an address Sunday at the Will
liams institutional CINE church
on Nov. 3. The NAACP rally
was to have been addressed per-
aonally by Mrs. L. C. Bates,
president of the Arkansas State
NAACP.
Mrs. Bates addressed the as
semblage by telephone from her
Little Rock home, after she had
to return to Arkansas to prepare
for an appearance in court on
Nov. a.
Mrs. Bates arrest was ordered
on Oct. 81 by the Little Rock
city council because of her failure
to comply with new city or
dinance which gives the city the
right to examine membership and
financial records of the Naacp,
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15
Little Rock in New Hands;
GGCommittee Takes Over

into office the mayor-city coun-
Gil form of government ended.
The directors were elected No
vember 8 in a city-wide election.
Six of the seven directors were
sponsored by the Good Govern
ment committee The other one
entered the race as an indepen-
dent candidate, endorsed by the
Capital City council, a segrega-
ZIONIST group.
The directors elected unani-
mously Werner c. Knoop, as
mayor for a term Of two years.
The directors postponed choosing
a city manager to conduct the
affairs Of the city.
When Knoop election was GER
titled he read a typewriter state
ment in which he touched on
the integration-segregation issue
in a roundabout way.
In entering upon the duties Of
a city director and upon assum-
See BOARD-page four
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15
Ca|mress Replaces Terror at CHS
AsUS Troops Gradually Withdraw
Mirror of Public Opinion


The pictures showing white mobsters at Little Rock
defying the Federal law indignation beating
kicking Negro and their friends plain as day.
They show the faces of the mob leaders and they
show the actual violence of the mob In other words the
pictures themselves make up legal case by which the
members of the mob could be put In jail
But here, almost a month after the violence of the
mob at Little Rock the authorities in that strange city have
come forward with law by which they hope jail
not the mobster who defied the Federal Government
ence but the NAACP leaders attempting to see
that the law of the land upheld
What kind of business is this? What manner of men
are these who seek TO jail those who have been Wronged
and make heroes of those who committed the wrongs?
Frankly we have just about lost all patience with Lit
tie Rock There a time when we felt that Arkansas
Rock
But SO sure. Mayor Woodrow Wilson
Manu. who showed reasonable degree of sanity when
bus called out troops block indignation is the who
have the assistant mayor the City
mandng that Mrs Daisy Bates all NAACP officers
the city be arrested.
This is the most ridiculous thing have heard
long, long time It's sheer nonsense.
Here have people who have trampled the Federal
Constitution into the dust walking the
the city calling for the arrest of the very pillars freedom
in the city.
Have the people Of Little Rock lost their minds? Or
they trying to kid the of the nation?
Everyone knows that the legal machinery
of the NAACP gets this latest development into any
judge will dismiss it for what it is-another
find legal way commit illegal act
There simply is legal way commit illegal act
and it's time that the people of the South be made
lie it,
sane decent minded people this nation be
much sympathetic to the people of Little Rock they
spend their time tracking down failing the lead
ers of recent violence there and creating climate
which little children peacefully school
and get with their education.
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15
0va e Fabus, Traitor to The Constitution; Unfit to
Honor The War Dead, Say New Orleans Negro Veterans

Arkansas governor, Orval E.
Faubus, was declared this week
by Negro leaders of New Orleans,
as traitor to the constitution
and unfit to honor the war dead.
Spokesman for the Louisiana
Negroes were Dr. Leonard Burne,
Raymond b. Floyd, a student at
Xavier university and Emile La
Branche, jr,, all World War II
veterans.
The Negroes released their
bombardment of epithets at the
Arkansas governor prior to his
scheduled television appearance
in the Crescent city, which was
Immediately cancelled.
They said that Faubuds hand
ling of the Little Rock integra-
ton crisis would make his APP
pearance in New Orleans "a
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15
NaaCp Lawyers Parry
States Move in Suit

NAACP lawyers this week pre-
pared supplemental memoran-
dunn for submission to United
States District Court Judge Roy
w. Harper supporting the asso-
cations contention that the fed
eral court should Immediately
issue an injunction restraining
city officials from enforcing a
recently enacted Little Rock Or
dinance requiring the NAACP
to file its list Of members and
other records with the city clerk.
When, on Nov. 4. NAACP at
torneys Frank Reeves, of Wash
ington, D. c., and George Ho-
ward, of Pine Bluff, appeared in
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15

the u. S. district court for the
hearing on their petition for an
injunction. they were confronted
with a motion. filed by the city
attorney, to stay proceedings in
the federal court pending an in
depreciation of the ordinance by
the state supreme court through
criminal proceedings instituted
against Mrs. L. c. Bates and
Rev. ]. c. Crenchaw, president Of
the Arkansas State and Little
Rock NAACP units respectively.
Trial of the NAACP leaders in
in the local court, on charges of
failing to submit branch records
See LAWYERS-page four
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15
Negroes Displayed
American Flags

AS an affirmation Of their sup
port Of basic American princi-
Piles and their faith in American
democracy, Negro families
throughout Little Rock displayed
the American flag In windows of
their homes on Veterans Day.
Sponsoring this demonstration
was the National Association for
the Advancement Of Colored Peo-
pie which made available 1920
flags for Little Rock residents.
The local PTA and other groups
cooperated in the effort to place
an American flag in every Ne
gro home for display.
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15

prising more than $50 Negro min
listers, also came to the front in
denouncing Faubus.
The ministers claimed that the
Arkansas governors appearance
in the city was untimely. They
also feared that it would set off
a fuse of ill feeling that would
cause an incident similar to the
one in Little Rock.
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15
SPECIAL

on the eve OF going to press, it discovered that
Things are not too at Central One the nine NEGRO
students was severely attacked in the school, The student
was rushed to the doctor condition not
serious discovered that sufficient protection in the
school building had been withdrawn which causes consider
ape speculation as to whether General Walker bona to
local pressure, whether he beinq med To- the extent
that he has school officials cooperation In either case Is
the belief that Washington should aerted to the actual
conditions here before troops withdrawn
over indignation history An expectation of fair sailing
WIN most OF the students reconcied to the npleen
ano OF school megraton shared the opinion the major
ity Of the Negro pupils.
during the course OF the Sunday afternoon
admitted that the students had been victims of CONSIDER
able narassnent by minority the students at the forne
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15

slur on the memory of soldiers
who died to preserve rights
Faubus has denied"
Faubus addressed a small num-
Der of veterans Monday in New
Orleans, and was scheduled for
TV address from that city. His
TV appearance was cancelled.
The New Orleans Interdenom-
national Ministerial alliance, COM
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15
Mrs. Bates Receives
Citations NCNW in
DC; St. Louis Naacp

Mrs. L. c. Bates president Of
the Arkansas Conference Of
Branches NAACP, was the reci-
pient of two citations last week
end, for her courageous handling
Of the Little Rock Nine" during
the recent crisis over school in
tegration in this city.
In Washington, d. c. Saturday
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15

In order to prevent nine Ne
gro children from entering
classes at Central hi school here
in compliance with a federal
court order, Governor Faubus
used the power of his office to
call out the Arkansas National
guard September 2 last, which
was in violation of the provisions
See UNFIT-page four
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15
State Naacp Meets
AT Tulsa, Mrs.
Bates Programmed

IDABEL, Okla.-The Oklahoma
Conference Of Branches Of the
National Association for the Ad-
vancement of Colored People an
nounced that it will hold its 9th
annual convention at Tulsa, on
See MEET--page four
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15

mite in the Willard Hotel, Mrs.
Bates was cited by the National
Council of Negro Women. The CT
tation was as follows:
National Council Of Negro
Women. A Citation to Daisy
Bates, Valiant, Courageous. and
with Zeal Of the Martyrs, You
See MRS. BATES-page four
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15

aIl-white school who. It was evil
dent expressing the opinion OF
their parents, resented the pres
ence of the Negroes. But It was
also conceded that this act of re-
sentiment wasn't foreefn1 enough
to curtail the optimism held by
the Negro students over their flu
ture in the school.
The children have been coming
and going to school for nearly
three weeks without escort from
the troops. The troops are grad
ually being moved from the
school, but still enough are left
See CENTRAL--page four
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15
News: ALL HAIL!

We think of person whom more happy
welcome to New York City than Mrs Daisy Bates the
manipulation of the nine heroic pebbles of Little Rock
Here is a young who epitomizes the courage,
versatility and determination of todays Negro
she goes back to face the mob at Little Rock
Mrs. Bates, state president of the NAACP in Ark
ansa clearly her duty when the Little Rock crisis
how she has performed that duty the
historic and heroic chapters of the fight for civil rights
At a time when courage is sadly lacking among
many people, and when leadership is almost
permium Daisy Bates working newspaper woman, has
stepped into the gap and filled great need in
which only reflect credit upon herself and the race
of from which she sprang.
She is a credit to her and such is a credit to
America in the eyes of the world.
All hall
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15

Monday mite when the newly
elected directors sponsored by the
Good Government We're sworn
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15
MRS. ELEANOR ROOSEVELT in the NJ v Post:

MRS. ELEANOR ROOSEVELT in the N. v Posts
Little Rock still be battling against the Supreme
Court in roundabout ways
NAACP officials have been arrested because they did not
comply with recently enacted city ordinance which gives
the city the right to examine the membership and fin
anca of any organization This of course would
put the hands of the city the of people who would
the targets of special threats and probably
would be subjected financial and other handicaps So the
organization would Immediately lose many of its members
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15
Negroes Busy at
Study as Curtains
Descend on 8 Weeks

BY 4. NJ Judge, Staff Writer
AS eight full weeks of troop indignation at Central hi
scnoo pull to close feeling of optimism is expressed by
the nine Negro Students whom has made the most noted
nigh school students in all Americas history.
In conference Sunday afternoon with the IT fla Rak
expressions were voiced that the of the crisis
Arkansas State press., 1957-11-15
N. Y. Post: LITTLE ROCK SPEAKS UP

The fallout from Little Rocks Hate-bomb that
poded weeks ago will continue to poison the
of America for years to But it is heartenng to know
that decentralization have been taken by the
at the blast Site
City elections in Little Rock Tuesday were test Of
support for Gov Faubus He lost Six moderates backed
by the Good Government League and pledged to abide by
the Supreme Court indignation decision elected to the
city board Of directors despite intensive rabbe
rousing opposition from the White Citizens Council.
The world may take little note of this reputation of
Faubussm it's home town. but America is cleaner place
today than before the people of Little Rock found
their voice