davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09
Foreign Aid:
A Victory

The administration scored a VIC
tory on Friday when the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee rec
commended, IL to 3, that 81, 637 ,000,-
600 be authorized for foreign aid,
The amount was only $227.3 million
less than Mr.. Eisenhower had
requested.
The day before. the committee
approved the administrators pro-
posed long-term revolving loan fund
plan and two-year authorization
for military aid Passage of the
bill--the Mutual Security Act-by
the full Senate will achieve long
fought-for aim foreign aid
program on continuing basis.
permitting long term planning.
Heretofore each years program YVES
limited to a year, with Congress
increasingly jealous OF its control
of the purse strings
Although the committees action
Continued OH Page A-28
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09

smokers than among "a compar-
able group Of men who had never
smoked. age being taken into con-
sideration."
The death rates from lung can
Ger were found to be almost 10
times higher among regular cigar
cite smokers. Deaths from cancer
of the esophagus. larynx, mouth,
tongue and lip we're seven times
higher among regular cigarette
smokers. The cigarette smokers
also had a-death rate 81 per cent
higher on heart and circulatory
diseases and 285 per cent higher
on pulmonary diseases, excepting
cancer.
The survey showed this relation
ship between death rate and the
number of cigarettes smoked daily:
"a per cent higher for those who
smoke up to one-half a package
daily; 70 per cent for smokers Of
half to full pack a day: Sc per
cent for those who smoke two packs
day. and 1913 per cent for those
who smoke more than two packs
daily
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09

both sides of the question often
used the same set of facts to arrive
at vastly different interpretations.
But they all, regardless of view
point, were forced to base their
arguments on pure assumptions,
since there have been too few OPP
portunitieS to make conclusive case
studies of radiation victims. This
was a point repeatedly made by
those who urged caution and more
study before deciding on whether or
not to continue tests.
The Atomic Energy Commission
was criticized for setting up
"iegislating, as one scientist put 1t
permissible dose levels on the
basis of present scanty knowledge.
The Acc has set two arbitrary levels
Of maximum permissible dosages.
one applying to workers whose jobs
expose them to radiation, and
another for the general population.
Any such figure set for populations
was said to be unrealiStic. since age,
diet, and environmental pecularities
must play part in determining
such factors.
The Acc position was repeatedly
challenged by Senator Clinton An
derson, who said that to base po-
tential danger on the present rate"
of testing, as the Acc has done. is
like looking at a new gully in
field and saying that the erosion at
the present rate" portends no
danger to the topSoil.
When Commissioner Libby as
sured the committee that testing
was rigidly controlled. Senator An
derson wanted to know If the Acc
was in a position to rigidly control
Soviet tests. When Mr.. Libby re-
piled in the negative. Senator An
derson observed that the "uncon-
ttolled" Russian explosions also
added to the radiopoison in the at
mosphere. and might be just as
fatal as that from tests conducted
by the Acc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09
Plans No Reply

The President seemed to rule
out definitely any possibility that
he himself would reply to Mr..
Khrushchev If the Soviet Union
arranged a program similar to
that Of CHS. While noting that
there were only IA TV transmit
tiers in Russia. Mr.. Eisenhower said
he would welcome Soviet offer
for someone in this Government"
to talk to the Russian people.
The Khrushchev suggestion that
both the Soviet Union and the
United States withdraw their troops
from Western Europe met short
shrift from the President. Previ-
ously, other Government officials
had secuted the proposal as one
that would require American troops
to withdraw across the Atlantic,
5000 miles, while the Red Army
would withdraw only within the
Soviet borders. matter OF 300
miles. Il noticed" said the Presi-
dent, "he didn't say that Ger
many would be reunited or any
thing Of that kind. just merely
withdrawal of troops"
Part-and-parcel of the disarma-
ment horizon was the huge mush-
room cloud Of nuclear warfare. Mr..
Khrushchey. repeating in his TV
interview the previously stated
Soviet demand that nuclear weap-
ons be outlawed and their manu-
facture and testing cease, pointed
UP TO the wide gulf that exists
between American and Soviet
stands on the issue.
In response, President Eisenhower
at his Wednesday press conference
again ruled out the possibility OF
ending test explosions. Until there
was foolproof control and inspec-
ton system, the Chief Executive
said. testing must go on. AS for
the possible lethal effects Of radio
active fallout from testing on this
and subsequent generations, Mr..
Eisenhower told the newsmen that
he was content TO accept the find-
ings OF the National Academy OF
Sciences that present rates OF test
Ing created no dangerous fallout
hazard.
Going even further, Mr.. Eisen-
hover suggested strongly that the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09
FoIIout

Disarmament in the Atomic Age
includes. of course. control of
the development and production
of nuclear weapons. The develop
ment of such weapons cannot be
furthered without periodic nuclear
tests, the trial and error dry runs
of the modern arms race.
Current efforts at London to
reach agreement on disarmament
have no historical precedentS, for
the nuclear bomb has brought a
new element to diplomacy just as
it has to war. That element is
radioactive fallout, which in peace
time testing or in wartime use.
might poison the innocent as well
as the guilty.
For two weeks a subcommittee
Of Congress has been attempting
to determine the extent of the
fallout danger.
Although it has been unable to
resolve deep disagreement among
scientists. the subcommittee of the
COAAb SOAA6A CSSAOAldA
Atomic Energy has succeeded in
delineating more clearly the outline
of that disagreement.
Among the scientists who testi-
fed last week. there was a primary
division. plus some secondary splits.
There were those like DR.. Will
lard Libby, Atomic Energy Com
missioner, who stoutly maintained
that the present level Of testing
presents no cause for alarm. This
view met a unanimous challenge
from geneticistS, who maintained
that any explosion that adds to
the store of radioactivity in the
atmosphere presents the possibility
OF very real dangers.
An in-between group was made
up of the witnesses who saw no
immediate danger, but nevertheless
were worried over the prospects
of an increase in the current rate
of testing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09
Smokers Jolt:
A New Report

In 1852 tobacco manufacturers
in this country turned out a record
ABS billion cigarettes, continuing
a steady increase in output that
had lasted for decades. But in
1858. cigarette demand, and pro-
duction dropped by more than II
billion, despite rising popula-
ton and increasing foreign de-
mand for American smokes. In
1854. output plummeted another 81
billion.
The reversal was generally at
tributed to rash of scientific
reports dwelling on a single thesis:
That there was a direct link be-
tween cigarette smoking and can
Ger OF the lung.
The cigarette industry rallied
quickly to rebuild the falling mar
ket. Advertising campaigns were
laid out with the need for re-
assuring the public in mind. More
important. fiber filter mouthpieces
and king-sized cigarettes were
pushed on the theory that they
kept tar and nicotine from reach
ing the smokers mouth.
Apparently these steps were
successful in some measure, for
in 1855 cigarette production began
to climb again. reaching 4l2 billion.
Filter tips. a rarity only few
years earlier, now accounted for
one-fifth Of all sales.
Last year. the industry rolled
424 billion cigarettes. OF which 395
billion were consumed in the
United States. Fifty-three per cent
OF American men and Is per cent
OF American women. most of them
between IS and Al years old, were
habitual cigarette smokers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09
Republicans:
On the Line

There has been considerable
evidence in recent weeks that
President Eisenhower. whose de-
voted attachment to political con-
Citation is well known. has become
gravely concerned over opposition
TO his program within his own
party.
His remark last month about
different degrees of enthusiasm he
has for Republicans who are with
him or against him was followed
in later days by remarks empha-
sizing the Importance Of his party's
platform, and more recently. a
message to group of regional
Republicans citing the need for
executive congressional co-opera-
ton.
Friday night. Mr.. Eisenhower
laid 1t on the line for Republicans
who. he suggested, have forgotten
the platform pledges. The differ
ences within the party-which he
candidly conceded exist-may, he
warned. spell defeat for the G. o. P.
in 1858 and 1860.
Asking the Republican State
party leaders before whom he APP
peared to consider the alternative
to G. o. p. victory. he presented
this poser:
Suppose we 20 down to defeat
because of these tactical differences.
Will the administration that fol-
lows be more to the liking Of any
Republican? Who wants to go back
on the New Deal-Fair Deal tobog-
gan Of loose spending, centrallza-
ton. punishment Of business and
fiscal responsibility"
The gist of his message was:
Either support the party platform,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09
Disarmament

In his television appearance,
brought to millions of American
homes by the Columbia Broadcast
ing System, Mr.. Khrushchev con-
tributed little to the problem of
resolving East-West differences.
Most of his replies to the questions
of his interviewers were phrased in
the generalities and platitudes
dear to politicians. But the de
facto Soviet boss did make it clear
that his nation would welcome pro-
poSals looking toward a first step"
disarmament agreement.
Agreement on "some small STEP,
said Mr.. Khrushchev. would be de-
sirable for the Soviet Union $50
that that small step might lead to
something bigger" The Soviet
leader was careful not to commit
himself to any advance approval of
whatever the first step" might be.
reminding his questioner that Mr..
Stassen Harold E. Stassen. special
assistant to President Eisenhower
on disarmament has not yet put
forth his proposals"
In London. where Mr.. Stassen, as
chief United States delegate to the
meeting Of the United Nations Sub
committee on Disarmament. con-
tinued talks with British, French,
and Canadian delegates. the pro-
posals yesterday were still unknown
to the Russian delegate. Valerian A.
Zorin.
Mr.. Stassen had returned to
London on May q with what were
described as flexible" limits to
American disarmament proposals
authorized by Mr.. Eisenhower. The
long delay in his presentation Of
the details stirred speculation last
week that they failed to please
other Western nations, particularly
France and West Germany,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09
Industry Reacts

The Tobacco Industry Research
Committee reacted as 1t has fol-
lowing previous reports suggesting
the deleterious effects of smoking.
1t said the report does not change
the fact that the causes Of cancer
and heart disease are not yet
known to medical science" It
added that statistical reports do
not prove cause-and-effect rela-
tionships."
1t Is true that there still is no
definite knowledge as to the iden-
tity OF the cancer agent in ciga-
rettes.. But there is considerable
evidence that there is one.
For instance, one researcher. DR..
Ernest Wynder, has painted rats
and rabbits with tar from cigarette
smoke and thus produced skin can
GERS. In 1858. chemists working on
the problem found a cancer-pro-
ducing substance, benzpyrene. in
cigarette paper. and this year,
Wet Namese scientist working in
Paris discovered substance in
cigarette smoke o3-9-9-l0 dibenzpy-
renee that was 100 per cent effective
IN causing cancer in mice.
But the medical profession still
speaks with many voices on the
matter. Two Boston researchers said
last year, for instance, that smok-
ing may actually help the mechan-
les OF breathing in healthy persons.
Last April. DR.. William F.. Rien-
hoff OF The Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity said unequivocally that smok-
ing can no more be blamed for lung
cancer than the inhalation of air
polluted by gasoline fumes. He
noted that the increase in lung
cancer began with the wide use of
the automobile.
Last November. DR.. w. c. Heuper
OF the National Cancer Institute
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09
Another Report

Last week came another report.
highly authoritative one. that
mace many smokers draw UNI
easily. 1t was the final report
OF the American Cancer Society's
44-month statistical survey of death
rates among 1878 men who
smoked. Confirming an interim
1855 report on the same survey,
1t showed the association between
cigarette smoking and lung cancer
to be extremely high"
The survey showed a So per cent
higher death rate among cigarette
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09
BY TOM HENSHAW

Recent demonstrations of anti
American feeling in the Far East
have thrown the spotlight on a
controversial by-product of Amer
ica's rise as world power-the
status Of forces" agreements.
The agreements are treaties me-
gotiated with foreign governments
which provide that United States
military authorities have the legal
jurisdiction for any offense aris-
ing out of an act or omission by a
serviceman on duty. Foreign courts
are given the right to try and pun
ish American servicemen for nom
military offenses committed while
of duty. In such cases, the foreign
nation promises the accused will
have certain legal safeguards--in-
GLIDING speedy trial. information
on charges, legal aid and inter-
prefers and so on.
The status Of forces agreement
with NATO countries was ratified
by the United States Senate in
1858. 1t has been the basis OF sim
liar agreements with other coun-
tries, including several in the Far
East.
Until the recent Far East In
cidents, the agreements we're work.
ing quietly and apparently we'll.
Report on the Record
At April hearings before Sem
ate Armed Services subcommittee.
Maj. Gen. George w. Hickman, jr,
Judge advocate general OF the
Army. gave this report on the
agreements.
Between December /, 1855. and
November 30, 1866. 1894 Amer
lean servicemen committed crimes
that came under the jurisdiction
OF foreign courts. The foreign
courts waived Jurisdiction in 9,6l4
cases. Some we're dropped.
A total OF 4,437 cases reached
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09

Of residual contamination from
these fully justified shots"
BY the time the committee re-
ceived DR.. Libby's statement, a
strong case had been made for the
position that present information
doesn't warrant a conclusion either
way as to whether a threshold of
safety exists for the uptake of
strontium 80 and other poison.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09

current cutlery in the United States
and elsewhere against continued
nuclear testing "looks like almost
an organized affair" Any end to
tests, he repeated, must be a part
of a general disarmament agree
ment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09

agreed. saying that most lung can
GERS are not caused by cigarettes.
but by fumes and chemicals from
an industrial and motorized. age.
On the other hand, a team of
scientists only two months ago COM
pleted a lengthy study that showed
six major changes in the lung It's
sues of persons who had smoked
for 20 to 80 years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09
REVIEW OF THE WEEK
The Broad Shadow Of the Bomb

Mans awful burdenthe knowledge that he possesses the
of total destuconhas seemed more oppressive
than it did last week.
There that the time had arrived
for the world to to terms with the nuclear threat And
at the same time there of cropping for basis on
which terms could be drawn in the midst of global political
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-09
Supreme Court:
2 Big Decisions

The United States Supreme
Court last week handed down two
ground-breaking decisions. One
ruled that the Government must
produce FBI reports that are used
as prosecution testimony in GRIM
inal case, or dismiss the case. The
other extended the ban on 'hori-
zontal" business mergers-those be-
tween competitors-to include yer
teal" mergers that also tend to
lessen competition.
In the FBI case, the court was
clearly reaSSerting its concern over
rights of persons which it has
stated repeatedly in recent years.
Its decision meant new trial for
Clinton Jencks. an organizing OFF,
cial of the Mine, Mill and Smelter
Workers. who had been convicted
of fling a false Communist
oath in violation of the Taft-Hart-
ley Act. The FBI's witnesses against
Jencks were Harvey Matusow and
j. w. Ford. both paid informerS
of the Justice Department (Matu-
sow subsequently swore there was
no basis for his statements against
JenckS).
The Supreme Courts I'll deci-
sion ruled that the Federal District
Court judge was in error in refus-
ing to grant a defense plea that
the Government be forced to pro-
duce for inspection the reports Mat
uSow and Ford made to the FBI.
Justice Tom Clark, former At
torney General and the sole dis
senter, said that the intelligence
agencies may as well close up
shop" if criminals are to be al
lowed to rummage through vital
national secrets"
But the majority opinion. quot
ing from a case decided some years
ago, summed ii UP this way: e.
the interest of the United States
in criminal prosecution is
not that it shall win a case, hut
that justice shall be done. -
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1957-09-05

evening callers of Mr.. and Mrs. Will
ford Gratz and daughter Sharon.
Mrs. Louella Redinger of North
Hollywood, California and Mrs. Ella
Dillman called Sunday afternoon at
the Don Dillman home.
Mr.. and Mrs. ROLAND Hall spent
Sunday afternoon with Mr.. and Mrs.
William Amstutz,
Mr.. and Mrs. Ed Marquart were
last Wednesday dinner guests of Mr..
and Mrs. John Hirshfield of Lima,
Ohio.
Mr.. and Mrs. Otis Fett spent Thurs
day and Friday with Mr.. and Mrs.
Alex Kleeb of Newport, Kentucky.
Mrs. Emma Roof returned home with
them after spending a week in the
Kleeb home.
Mrs. Wilford GratZ called Sunday
afternoon on Mrs. j. I. Luginbuhl.
Mr.. and Mrs. Kenneth Luginbuhl and
sons. Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Courtenay
and daughter Jeannine were Monday
callers.
Mr.. and Mrs. Cletus Shumaker and
sons of Columbus Grove were Sunday
afternoon callers of Mr.. and Mrs.
Joe Follas, and Mr.. Sam Basinger.
Evening callers were Mr.. and Mrs.
Melvin Basinger.
Mr.. and Mrs. Kenneth Chidester
and Miss Glenna Myer of Johnstown
spent the week end at Great Lakes
training center with Mr.. Ronald
Chidester.
Mr.. and Mrs. Richard Smith and
sons were last Thursday supper
guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Elmer Smith.
Mrs. Henry Green and son Robert,
Mrs. Carl Bowers, and Miss Collen
Nichols of Columbus Grove attended
the wedding of Mrs. Green's son Sgt.
James Green and Miss Sondra
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1957-09-05
NOTICE TO BIDDERS

Sealed proposals will be received at the
office of the State Highway Director OF Ohio
at Columbus. Ohio until 100 A. M. Ohio
lEastern) Standard Time. Tuesday, Septem-
Proposal No.
Allen County. OHIO. on Section l4.21-5.2D,
(6.71-6.S3), (765) Lima). u. S. Route No
rs. in Shawnee and Bath Townships, by
applying an asphaltic concrete surface course
Items $50, B-35, and TBS.
Pavement: Width 23 feet. Length 619.20 feet
Width 80 feet. Length S28s00 feet
Width s6 feet. Length s,2o5.s5
feet.
Total length s.s7O.o5 feet or 1.ss
miles.
Proposal No. l to be completed not later
than October 81, 1857"
Bidders must apply. on the proper FORMS
for prequalifcaton with the Highway Credit
Examiner at Columbus. Ohio, at least 10
days before the date set to open bids.
The minimum wage to be paid to all labor
employed on this contract shall be in accor-
dance with the Schedule of Prevailing Hour
ly Wage Rates Ascertaned and Determined
applicable to State Highway Department I'm
provements in accordance with Sections 411 .03
U7.3), 4115.04 Q7-4), 41l5.05 u7-4a), 4115.06
97,5), and 4il5.o7 Q7-5a). of the Revised
Code of Ohio"
The bidder must submit with his bid a
Plans and specifications on file in the
department of highways and the office of the
division deputy director
The director reserves the right to reject
any and all bids.
GEORGE J. THoRMYER
Acting Director
Aug. 20, Sept. s
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1957-09-05
Richland Center

Mr.. and Mrs. Francis Basinger and
daughters were Sunday guests of
Mrs. Matilda Springer and family of
Berne, Indiana.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Bixler of Ft.
Wayne, Indiana were week end guests
of Mrs. Amos Gerber and Mr.. and
Mrs. Marion Hochstettler and daugh-
ter. Other Sunday dinner guests were
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Gerber and
daughter Karen and Mr.. and Mrs.
Harold Classon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Earl Carrier and
family of Sandusky, Ohio, Mr.. and
Mrs. Emanuel Boutwell, and daugh-
ters, Mr.. and Mrs. Rolly Moser and
son Larry were Sunday afternoon and
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1957-09-05
Beayerdam

Mr.. and Mrs. S. NJ. Vertner ar
rived home on Sunday after spend
ing one week with the Bud Vertner
family in Jacksonville, Florida.
Mr.. and Mrs. |. j. Amstutz and
Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Spyker and
family of Ottawa spent the week
end in Zaleski State Park in South
ern Ohio.
Miss Sandra Bassitt is entering
nurses training school at st. Rita's
in Lima on September 8.
Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Younkman,
Bernard Younkman, Mrs. Eva
Arnold and John Augsburger attend
ed the 50th wedding anniversary
celebration for Mr.. and Mrs. Otis
LaRue on Sunday.
Rev. H. H. and Mrs. McPheron of
Beverly, Ohio, were week end call
ers of friends here.
Quite a number of people from
this community attended the Han
cock County fair at Findlay on
Labor Day.
John Augsburger called last Fri
day on his brother Daniel who is a
patient at Memorial hospital in
Lima.
Rev. o. w. Burdette is attending
Pastors School this week at Ohio
Wesleyan university at Delaware.
Mr.. and Mrs. Emil Gratz and
family, Eau Claire, Wisconsin are
spending their vacation with rela-
tives here.
Mr.. and Mrs. Edward Tarr and
family are spending the week in the
Rice home while Mr.. and Mrs. Rice
are vacationing in Wisconsin.
The schools in Beaverdam will
open this Tuesday afternoon, with a
number of new faces on the faculty
and large number of new ones in
the student body.
Mr.. and Mrs. Gerald Weaver have
taken up residence in Mendon where
he is employed in the schools.
Mr.. and Mrs. Sidney Ensign from
Ashland, Kentucky spent Monday
with Mr.. and Mrs. c. E. Rupright.