davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26
The Russian Proposal

Russia objected to the American proposal as
moving the European dividing line eastward and
asserted that the inspection area in the East
could be expanded substantially" 1t proposed:
In Europe-The part bounded on the north
by Latitude 54 degrees north, on the south by
Latitude 80 degrees, 3S minutes north, on the
west by the zero meridian and on the east by
Longitude Is degrees east. This would cover all
of Germany, Austria and Switzerland; Belgium,
Holland Luxembourg, most of France and Italy,
northern Greece and small corners of England
and Spain; Yugoslavia; all Of Albania, Czechoslo-
vakia, Hungary and Poland, half of Romania and
Bulgaria and parts of White Russia and the
Ukraine running at most 200 miles in from the
frontier
Elsewhere-The territory of the USSR to the
east of Longitude l0S degrees east and the terri
tory of the United States to the west of Longitude
80 degrees west. This would take in the United
States west of New Orleans, Memphis and East
St. Louis, Alaska, and Siberia east of Lake Baikal
or about 1000 miles in from the Boring Strait.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26
Bomb Tests:
Investigation

Since Adlai Stevenson made the
subject of nuclear bomb testing
and radioactive fallout q campaign
issue last year. there has been
growing public concern about the
possible dangers Of atomic radia-
ton to those living and future
generations. A large group of re-
spected scientists have contended
the dangers caused by the tests are
great while the Government,
through the Atomic Energy Com
mission, has maintained they are
very slight and more than compen-
stated for by the security benefits
from the tests.
Last week, the Joint Congressional
Committee on Atomic Energy
finished lining UP q long list Of
witnesses who will testify at hear
ings on radiation hazards starting
tomorrow.
The committee hopes to distill
all Of the conflicting charges and
ounter-charges and come up with
some clear-cut answer to the Ques-
ton: How dangerous Is all Of the
man-made radioactivity that is
being deposited in the atmosphere?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26
Hint of Change

On Wednesday, at the Presi-
dents news conference. there came
a hint that he may be hardening
In his attitude toward those Re-
publicans In Congress VINO have
been most obdurate in their oppo-
sition to him.
At his May Is meeting with re-
porters. Mr.. Eisenhower had en-
phatically ruled out any political
retaliation against congressional
opponents in his own party. But
last week he told newsmen that,
while he would support the candi-
dacy Of all Republican Senate and
House members in 1858. he would
back his friends with more enthu-
siasm than ne would his opponents.
However, Mr.. Eisenhower's be-
lated offensive would not go so far,
he said, as to attempt to go around
Senators Knowland and Bridges
and put his program in the hands
Of those more friendly to it. This
left standing in the middle and
somewhat alone the beleaguered
little band of Eisenhower Repub-
licans in Congress.
These and other supporters Of Mr..
Eisenhower's program were Won
dering II his apparent decision to
try to recapture the initiative
from runaway conservatism had
come too late to be effective. And,
if he gets q sufficiently firm hold on
this Initiative, would he follow 1t
up with a day in. day out battle for
his program?
No one can know this until the
roll is called on foreign aid, de-
tense, civil rights. aid to education.
postal rate increases and all the
other proposals Mr.. Eisenhower has
sought.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Signs Of a Change

Washington. the District area coun-
Gil Of Transfers. representing $500
teamsters, demanded that Mr.. Beck
step down.
Last night Mr.. Beck heard the
call, to some extent. His office an
nounced he would not seek re-
election as Teamsters president. He
also will call a special meeting Of
the unions International Executive
Board. for an undisclosed purpose,
some time in June.
The surprise announcement was
the first indication that Mr.. Beck
might be wavering in his repeated
insistence that he would seek-and
again win-re-election to the Team
sters' top post.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26
President Speaks

The tone for the American APP
proach to the disarmament nego.
tiations was set by President
Eisenhower in his Wednesday press
conference. His comments were
cautious-but still perhaps more
optimistic than the world has heard
from super power" in the cold
war since it began.
Calling for "a supreme effort" to
reach an arms limitation agreement
with the Soviet Union, the Presi-
dent said something just has to be
done in the interest Of the United
States to brake the tobogganing
arms race. The fortnight, almost
vehement, tone of his remarks
seemed certain to insure some con-
crete United States proposal to the
Russians tomorrow.
Significantly, Mr.. Eisenhower was
at pains to discourage what he
called "picayunish" and "recalci-
trant" attitudes toward the posi-
bilitieE of q dependable accord with
the Communist world on arms
reduction. These comments. which
he volunteered without q specific
query from the newsmen present.
sharply contradicted q point Of
view expressed last week by Admiral
Arthur Radford, chairman Of the
Joint Chiefs Of STAFF. The admiral
had declared that disarmament
agreements with the Soviet Union
were not reliable since I'VE cannot
trust the Russians on this or any
thing"
Pessimism OF this nature, the
President indicated, would be self
defeating. Nuclear war, with all its
destruction, was the alternative to
positive moves, taken In existing
circumstances, toward an arms cut
agreement acceptable to both sides.
Here again the Presidents re-
marks carried special importance.
since in the past many official and
quasi official comments on disarm-
ament possibilities presupposed q
"lessening Of world tensions" as an
indispensable flrst-step. Tensions
and ornaments, Mr.. Eisenhower
noted, we're inseparable and must
be treated as a package. "a. There
has got to be progress In some
kind Of disarmament or there Is
going to be no reduction In world
tensions" he declared.
What the actual terms Of the
Continued on Page ASS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26

The FIRST four months of the 85th
Congress have been marked by q
steady decline of presidential in
fiuence. Some blamed the Twenty
second Amendment. which. by pro-
hibiting third term, makes Presi-
dent Eisenhower q lame duck"
Some blamed Mr.. Eisenhower's me-
ticulous attention to the dividing
line between the executive and leg
islative branches of Government.
Some blamed q determination on
the part Of conservative Republic
cans to rescue the party from the
Eisenhower modern Republican
ism"
Whatever the cause, only two Of
the 10 major legislative proposals
advanced by the President as the
year began had become law by
last week. While his individual
proposals languished, the President
saw q concerted assault on his
budget. the likelihood of his entire
program, by a coalition OF con-
servatives Of his own party and
Democrats always happy to oblige.
=. Even the defense and foreign aid
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES of the
Nations security structure-were in
serious danger.
But last week there were signs
faint, to be sure-that the picture
may be changing. There we're in
dications that a two-part presiden-
tial appeal to the public may have
persuaded Congress to be a bit more
cooperative. There were also in
dications that the President might
become q bit more aggressive in
his dealings with Capitol Hill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26

appeal. They have often been used
with telling effect in the past.
But economic aid cannot be so
simply dismissed. diplomatic on
cials insist. A strong economy in
Guatemala, they say, is as i'm
portant to the free worlds fight to
keep Communists out Of the West
ern Hemisphere as are the armed
forces Of that Latin republic. Only
a stable government and flrm
economy, they declare, can ade-
quately defend itself, no matter
how well supplied the nation
involved may be with American
military equipment.
Modified Approach
In an effort to protect the prin-
ciple Of economic aid from the
determined attacks being made
upon 1t. the administration has
devised notifications calculated to
make foreign aid projects more
palatable to Congress and TO the
public.
Chief among them are % en-
phasis On long-term loans, rather
than outright grants. for economic
aid: 90 economic projects to be
clearly separated from defense as
sistance. and CD economic projects
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26
BY FRED THERoUx

State Department and Interna-
tional Cooperation Administration
officials. weighing the probable
results Of q major economy" cut
in the $3.865. ZOO. 1000 foreign aid
appropriation requested by Mr..
Eisenhower. see economic. technical
and humanitarian projects as the
first to go.
Military assistance, either direct
or indirect, is considered relatively
safe in Congress. Lawmakers who
criticize foreign aid as a gigantic
"giveaway" Of the taxpayers dollar
are usually agreeable to financing
tangible gifts such as tanks. planes
and other military hardware" In
the current measure now being de-
bated, almost two-thirds Of the
total amount sought-$2.8 billion
is for military assistance. either as
direct arms aid or indirect arms
industry subsidies.
But economic aid to help free
nations stand alone is too difficult
to see, too elusive to measure and
too susceptible to "boondoggle"
labels. Milk for Hottentots" and
Pamphlets for Pygmies" are de-
risive slogans with proven emotional
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26
Violent Disruption

A threat to this relationship came
Friday when anti-American vio-
lence with ugly overtones exploded
in Taipei. After day of unbridled
rioting. the United States Embassy
building and the headquarters of
the United States Information
Service we're shambles and Amer
lean prestige in Asia had suffered a
heavy blow.
The outbreak. apparently COM
plete surprise to Americans on
Taiwan. was spanked by widows
placard protest against the acquittal
by a United States Army court
martial Of MfSergt. Robert r.
Reynolds. who had slain the
woman's laborer husband, Liu TIE
jan. Shortly after Liu's widow
appeared in the Embassy compound.
q crowd gathered. rocks were hurled.
and the riot began.
Sergt. Reynolds declared at his
trial that he had shot Liu after
Mrs. Reynolds had discovered him
peeping through a bathroom win
dow while she bathed. Immediately
after his acquittal. the soldier and
his family we're flown to Manila as
a precaution against Chinese re-
taliation. But the extent and the
effects Of the retaliation. when it
came. shocked Washington and
gave the Communist propagandists
their juiciest subject in years.
Within four hours Of the Taipei
outbreak, Radio Peiping was on the
air with appeals to the Chinese on
Formosa to end their slavery" to
the American occupation" News
papers in the Soviet Union, APP
parently feeling that embellishments
were unnecessary. printed vebatim
reports of the outbreak taken from
American news sources.
The Chang government took
prompt steps to control the situa-
ton. Martial law was imposed in
Taipei, with $4,000 Nationalist
troops patrolling the streets.
Generalissimo Chang rushed to the
capital from his vacation retreat in
southern Taiwan to take personal
command of the situation. In
Washington. Nationalist Ambassa-
dor Hollington K. Tong went quickly
to The State Department with
'profoundest regrets" and an offer
Of indemnity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26

six weeks before. The reason: Pres
ident Eisenhower implied at his
news conference that as long as the
budget Is in such a precarious bal
ance. he would veto any such legis-
lation sent him.
Mr.. Rayburn Immediately re-
vised his previously announced hope
that taxes could be reduced this
year with the word that he thought
1858 would be a good time.
A tax-cut drive would face diff
ficulties this year, whatever the
Presidents position. The Senate
has been more or less cool to a
1857 reduction because it was be-
lieved that by waiting until next
year. larger reductions would be
possible. Further. Senator Lyndon
johnson is said to prefer the appli-
cation of any surplus this year to
the national debt. which breaks
down to $1,700 for every man,
woman and child in the country.
Congress, in the meantime. while
busy removing dollars from the up
coming fiscal 1858 budget, was re-
storing dollars to the current
Fiscal 1850 budget which it re-
duced last year. Early this week
will see the passage Of the third
supplementary appropriations bill
reinflating the 81 budget. The bill
probably will carry sum between
the House figure of $79.8 million
and the Senate grant of $142.S
million.
In their work on the 1858 budget,
the legislators. in contrast to
last year when they forced more
Air Force funds on Mr.. Eisenhower
than he had requested. seem deter
mined to cut heavily into defense
spending requests.
The House Appropriations Com
mittee approved a $2.5 billion cut
in the defense budget. for which
Mr.. Eisenhower had requested 1851
billion. About half Of the reduction
was made through complicated
bookkeeping transfers that viii not
affect actual Defense Department
spending.
Early House debate indicated q
mood to ratify the committees ac-
ton. But it is likely that some Of
the money will be restored by the
Senate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26
Price Spiral:
Another Turn

The consumer price index's
fourteenth consecutive rise in April
to 1893 lowered the purchasing
power Of the consumers 1947-49
dollar to 83.8 cents. The new rec
ord-breaking figure. reported FRI
day. represented a 3.2-cent decrease
in consumer dollar value in the
past year. Higher costs for food
accounted for most Of the increase.
The April figure was a above
March and will mean wage in
crease Of about 2 cents an hour
for some IA million workers whose
employment contracts provide for
cost-of-living increases keyed 70
the index. The Bureau Of Labor
Statistics said the end is still not
in sight.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26
Reaction to Appeals

The FIRST step in the new direc-
ton came on May IA when the
President went beyond Congress
and took his budget and the pro-
grams it represents to the people
in a television-radio plea for sup
port. Response to his speech was
slight, and Congress was not swayed.
Then, last Tuesday evening Mr..
Eisenhower made second appeal.
this time in behalf of his foreign
aid program. For that effort. he
called in magazine editor Emmett
Hughes, author of the eminently
successful 1852 "I-Shan-Go-to-
Korea" speech. Mr.. Hughes pro-
vided fighting message which the
Chief Executive read so fast that
two idle minutes were left on the
networks hands after he had
finished.
A television rating poll showed
that only a small part OF the po-
tential audience was tuned in. But
the next day the White House re-
ported the public response had been
gratifying, with mail running 8 to
in the Presidents favor. Before
the end of the week, however,
there was indication that much OF
the mail had been inspired
that is, carefully organized. Some
members Of Congress reported that
back Ike" kilograms they received
had heer sent before the President
went on the air.
Whatever the public response. IT
was clear that the Presidents
second appeal had impressed some
important members Of Congress.
House Speaker Sam Rayburn
said the President had delivered
great speech" Senate Majority
Leader Lyndon johnson had some
good words 10 say in behalf OF the
policy of shifting from grants to
loans. And senator Homer Cape
hart, never identified with the
Senate's modern" Republicans.
said, after hearing Secretary OF
State Dulles plead the administra-
ton cause, that he was ready TO
vote for foreign aid for the first
time in 10 years.
But there we're others-also
powerfui-who remained uncon-
WINGED by Mr.. Eisenhower's argu-
ments. Senator Harry Byrd OF
Virginia said he was Of the same
opinion still, and there was no sign
that the two Understanding
Senate Republicans, William Know
land and Styles Bridges, had
softened their view that the whole.
budget. including foreign aid. must
be drastically reduced.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26
The Beck Case:
Downfall

Not too long ago. Dave Beck ap-
peaied firmly ensconced in his very
respectable world. A powerful labor
leader, he had the respect of the
Nations businessmen, for he was
known as "businessman's" I'M
ionist. He was a member Of the
board of regents Of the University
Of Washington. He owned extensive
real estate and he rubbed shoulders
with the powerful and the wealthy.
Politicians at State and national
levels sought his favor. The news
papers in his hometown of Seattle
often praised him editorially as a
pillar Of civic enterprise. He headed
charity fund drives, and he was re-
membered as the man who pushed
a World War II bond drive $50
million beyond its goal.
In the past few weeks, Dave Beck
has lost all that. He Is under in
dictment on charges Of income tax
evasion. He faces the possibility of
contempt of Congress charges for
refusing some 200 times to answer
questions about more than $500. 900
in lost. strayed or stolen union
funds. Some Of his most valuable
lieutenants are in similar straits
and his own union seems to be
deserving him.
Last week came new blow. With
a blistering farewell from an old
enemy. AFL-CIO President George
Meany. Mr.. Beck was expelled as
federation vice president and as
a member of the AFL-CIO Execu-
tive Council. The charges. all save
one Of which he refused to answer.
were gross misuse of union funds"
Though Mr.. Beck in characteristic
fashion declared the action a null
lity," the expulsion by labor's hier-
archy was the worst Of the many
blows delivered him.
In his own 1.5-million-member
union. the action gave q trump card
to the forces who are determined
to dump him. 1t also gave new life
to an incipient Beck Must Go"
movement that developed, then
Jagged, few weeks ago in the Mid
west.
The leadership Of 6.500-member
Local IS of the Transfers Union in
San Francisco called on Mr.. Beck
to resign his Transfers presidency
forthwith" The Oakland local
overwhelmingly elected an anti
Beck slate of officers. The Bay Area
Joint Council, representing $1,000
members. demanded that he quit or
be fired. The Modesto, Calf, local
voted to ask its parent body, a
IS, member joint council, to
seek Mr.. Beck's resignation. The
largest Teamster local in New
York City voted to send an anti
Beck delegation to the international
convention in September. Here in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26
REVIEW OF THE WEEK
Trouble on Formosa

Since 1949, when the battered
remnants of the Chinese Nationalist
government fled to the big island of
Taiwan (Formosa) before the
armies of Communist Mao TIE
tung, the flag Of free China has
been kept flying with the determined
support Of the United States.
There have been times, since
Chang Kai-shek set up his govern
ment at Taipei, when United
States Nationalist relations were
cool. At one time, in 1949, it even
appeared that Chang was left on
his own when the United States
announced officially that American
military aid was ruled out. But the
Communist attack on South Korea
in 1850 changed all that. Since
Korea, American military and eco
nomic aid to Taiwan has been
growing steadily.
Under the Eisenhower admin
stration, the defense Of Taiwan and
its adjacent islands has been a
proclaimed policy Of the United
States. BY congressional resolution,
the President received authority to
employ the armed forces of the
United States as he deems neces-
sary" to protect Taiwan and the
Pescadores (Penghu) from armed
attack.
The United States has unstintedly
supported the Chang government
financially. underwriting its huge
deficit every year and, in effect.
substituting 1t and its armed forces.
United States-led diplomacy has
kept Chiang's representatives in
the United Nations. and the Chinese
Communists out. In 1858, Mr.. Eli
senhower dramatically "unleashed"
Chiang's armed forces for opera
tons against the Red-held main
land, an action the generalissimo
has not yet felt ready to take.
Since 1850, the relationship
between the United States and
Nationalist China has been closer
than that Of allies. 1t has rather
been that Of foster-father and ward.
With Taiwan proclaimed a part of
the United States defense perimeter.
and all of United States foreign
policy dedicated to the stemming
of Communist advances in Asia,
the kinship was taken for granted.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26
Tornddoes
Hit Midwest

In the Midwest. already Keeling
from disastrous floods that followed
soaring droughts, tornadoes were
added to the weather menu last
week.
Dozens Of the twisters. hanging
from black clouds like writhing
ropes. squirmed through seven
States. killing about so persons.
injuring hundreds and destroying
many hundreds Of buildings.
Weathermen said the outbreak
this month was the worst Of any
year since 1916, when the Weather
Bureau began recording the twist
ers. This year has seen almost 500,
already q record for any year.
(See story by David Koonce on
Page A.35.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26

the East-West rivalry remains as
basic as ever. But events last week
showed Enthusiastically a cautious,
hesitant reaching-out for an alter.
native to nuclear stalemate or nu-
clear destruction. The reaching
was still being done from behind Q
high wall of maximum military
strength. But it was happening,
and on both sides Of the Iron Cur
tain. 1t began to look as though the
possibility that the current United
Nations disarmament talks in Lon
don would be productive had be.
come a probability.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26

An element of hope in the London disarma-
ment talks, which resume this week, lies in the
possibility of a compromise between American
and Russian proposals for limited "open skies
inspection pact.
Both proposals would open roughly the same
amount of territory to aerial inspectors searching
for new missile sites, troop concentrations, mill
tary airfelds or other warlike preparations.
There is considerable difference, however, in the
areas covered.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26
OPEN SKIES: ROOM FOR COMPROMISE
Associated Press Map

north by the Pole, on the south by Latitude IS
degrees north, on the west by Longitude 100 de-
grees east and the east by Longitude 80 degrees
east This would include the Aleutian Islands,
the Alaskan peninsula and thin strip of Can
ada's Yukon territory and Siberia about TOO
miles inland from the Bering Strait.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26
Tax Outlook:
Drive Dies

Whenever the remote possibility
Of a reduction in taxes arises, in
variahly the leadership Of each
party in Congress sets of a
scramble to see which can come
up with a definite plan to ease
the tax burdens Of the voters.
This year, the Democrats. thanks
TO the fast foot work Of House
Speaker Sam Rayburn, were first
on the field with a plan. But last
week, Mr.. Rayburn and his col
leagues among the Democratic
leadership in Congress withdrew
the tax-cut plum they had offered
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26
Disarmament:
Hopes Grow

After the armistice agreement
in Korea, and particularly since
the post-Stalin leadership in the
Soviet Union began its drive for
peaceful coexistence," disarma-
ment proposals have been many. In
direct proposals to each other. and
In recommendation to the United
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-26
Congress Is Shocked

In Congress, there was shock and
outrage. Even Chiang's most enthu-
siastic supporter, Senator Knowl-