davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24

cessfully halted Israeli shipping TO
and from Elath.
But the Strait OF Tran is not
a connecting link between two high
seas ship lanes. but rather the en-
trance to q land-locked gulf. A
case could easily be made by Egypt,
and indeed has been made, that
the gulf is not International waters
in the accepted sense Of the term.
Three distinct proposals have
been made for action to insure
that the gulf be declared interna-
tional waters.
. The State Department has
weighed the possibility OF dispatch
ing token United States Navy
task force to the gulf. its passage
through the strait to be a precedent
for unhindered traffic of interna-
tional shipping.
. Canada has suggested the cre-
alton of United Nations task
force. to be comprised Of warslaips
of several nations, to be stationed
in the gulf as guarantee of its
open nature.
. Britain has offered a plan where
by U. N. land forces would occupy
the area of Sharm ell Sheikh, pre-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24
THE NATIONAL SCENE


For some months now. the Nation
has been uneasily watching its
booming economy. Spanked by the
concern publicly expressed by Presi-
dent. Eisenhower and his advisers,
the questions have been asked: Will
good times continue? Is there
danger Of bust? How much higher
can the wage-price spiral go before
we're in trouble?
The Presidents state of the
Union and economic messages in
January both contained mild warn
ings that initiation can be danger
Gus. Then there was Treasury
Humphreys expressed fear of a
hair curling depression" unless q
curb is put on Government spend
ing. And Mr.. Eisenhower's warning
of a few weeks ago that If business
and labor can't hold the price-line,
Government controls may have to
be the answer.
Since the President raised the
spectre of controls, members OF
his administration and of Congress
have been trying TO put 1t down.
Certainly there is no immediate
prospect of a controlled economy.
And leading economists, quoted by
Walter Breede. jr.. of the Associated
Press in a story on Page BIB. are
generally agreed that a depression
is not in sight. But the worry over
initiation continues.
And the initiation continues, too
"a fact documented again last
week by the Bureau Of Labor
Statistics.
The BIS reported that from mid
December to mid-January the Con-
sumner Price Index had moved up
ward for the fifth consecutive
month. The index. at 1892 Chased
on a 100 Of 1947-49), put consumer
prices at another record high, and
the Bureau said the rise will con-
tinue.
The most recent figures were 81
per cent higher than the like period
Of a year ago.
Food and clothing dropped slight
ly. but transportation costs climbed
A per cent, despite substantially
lower costs for new cars in De-
cember.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24

Hammarskjold told the General As
sembly on Friday that he had as
surances that Egypt was ready Ito
make special and helpful arrange
mentS with the U. N. and some of
its auxiliary bodies" in the matter
Of the GAIA Strip.
Consistently, Cairo has considered
the control of the Strip to be a
part of the Arab-Israel armistice
agreement of 1919. 1t was on that
ground that Col. Nasser refused
permission for the U. N. Emergency
Force to occupy the Strip, and there
are no signs that he has relaxed his
position.
The Egyptian attitude. at the mo-
ment. appears to be one of hearty
self-congratulation. Much of the
Cairo sense Of triumph has spread
throughout the Arab world, making
the task of the peacemakers more
difficult and adding stature to Col.
Nasser. who covets the role of ARAB
hberator.
In Arab eyes. Egypt has succeed
ed remarkably well in her aim to
isolate Israel. cancel out the Israeli
military triumphs of the brief in
vasion in October and November,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24
A-Weopons::
Expanded Use

The pocket-size atomic bomb,
long under development, has now
officially Joined Americas arsenal
Of air defense weapons.
Secretary of Defense Charles E.
Wilson announced last week that
the revolutionary transition from
conventional air-to-air weapons TO
nuclear arms has, in effect, taken
place. Jet fighters and anti-aircraft
missiles that make up the air de-
Tense system of the Nation will get
atomic warheads.
The announcement that atomic
missiles are now out Of the expert
mental stage and ready for use was
hailed as the greatest single adj
vance in aerial defense since World
War II. one of the more spectacu-
lar anti-aircraft weapons that will
be used in continental air defense
is the nuclear rocket, fired from an
airplane in fight.
The surface-t o-air missile fam
ily-the Nike-Hercules and Talos-
have been or soon will be equipped
with atomic warheads.
The Is Nike batteries ringing the
Washington area will be among
those supplied with atomic weapons.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24
Franco Spoin::
Storm Clouds

For many months there have
been deep rumblings in Spain in
dicating all was not well for Gen.
eralissimo Francisco Francois Fa-
langist dictatorship. Yesterday,
government sources revealed that
the Caudillo had dismissed his
Cabinet. telling the ministers that
"a new period" in Spanish political
history is at hand.
Recently. demonstrations among
students in Madrid had spread to
the provinces and to other popula-
ton groups. Dissatisfaction with
soaring living costs and inadequate
wage adjustments added to politi-
cal restleSsness under the Falangist
repreSsionS.
Immediate cause of the Cabinet
firing is reported to be the issue
of the restoration of the monarchy.
The Falange party is bitterly di-
vided on the question.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24

a vastly overrated barometer of
economic trends.
Certainly. the Nations economic
health is not as closely tied TO the
market as it was when the margin
was 80 per cent and the cash trans
action was a rare bird. Then, when
traders credit demands on New
York banks tied up such huge sums
of credit money that it was felt
Nation wide, the New York money
market was the control center of
the Nations credit machinery.
Today, with margin require
ment at so per cent and rs per cent
OF all stock transactions handled in
cash, the market can no longer be
said to exert a dominating influence
upon the Nations economy.
But the memory Of the Big Crash
fingers. and it is not easy to for
get the markets role in that dis
aster, even though the market and
the nature of trading has little
semblance to 1929. Nor does the
realization that today the market
reflects more than it creates come
easy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24

nership" with private industry in
the development of atomic power.
He described the progress toward
development Of a private-enterprise
atomic energy industry as "en-
couraging."
But Mr.. Murray. who long has
argued for a wider Government
role in the field, answered that he
could see nothing encouraging any,
where in the Presidents program,
which he said he felt was entirely
inadequate. Mr.. Murray proposed,
as he had last year. that Uncle Sam
undertake $500 million program
OF atomic reactor development.
Meanwhile. Mr.. Murrays position
seemed TO be strengthened. although
indirectly. by criticism from the
General Accounting Office of the
Aces first contract with private
interests for building large atomic
power plant.
A GAO report to Congress said
the Acc had agreed to the con-
tract, with the Yankee Atomic
Power Co.. without establishing the
company's financial responsibility"
without sufficient guarantee that
the company could finish the job.
and without proper machinery for
keeping an eye on its cost.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24
The President Speaks

Never. since the founding of the
republic in l948, had Israel stood so
alone as she did Wednesday even
ing when the President of her great
and good friend. the United States,
said she was acting in defiance OF
the principles Of the United Ma
tons.
Mr.. Eisenhower. in a hastily ar
ranged -television address to
the American people, declared that
however compelling Israel's reasons
for continuing to occupy Egyptian
territory, that decision violated the
basic standards of international be-
havior. He went on:
IF the United Nations once adj
mits that international disputes
can be settled by using force, then
we will have destroyed the very
foundation of the organization, and
our best hope of establishing real
world order. That would be a dis
aster for us ALL"
He indicated United States sup
post for U. N. sanctions against
Israel. although he did not use the
word. And he pledged that the
United States would use all its in
fluence to give Israel the security
1t asks, but ruled out absolute
guarantees" as being in themselves
rewards for aggression.
The President spoke after meet
ing with Senate leaders of both
parties at the White House. There
the Middle East impasSe was de-
scribed by Secretary of State Dulles
and Henry Cabot Lodge, jr., chief
of the United States delegation to
the United Nations.
The emergency meeting. the adj
dress to the Nation that evening,
and a subsequent new personal
message from Mr.. Eisenhower to
Israel's Premier David Ben-Gurion,
UNDERSIGNED the gravity with which
the administration views the Mid
die East deadlock. Adding even
more emphasis was the fact that
lIiC ElCSlQCtlb anu MI OullCo uidQt
the decision to support U. N. action
against Israel in the face of power
full. bipartisan Senate opposition.
Senate Democratic Leader Lyn-
don johnson and Republican Lead
er William Knowland both con-
demned the idea of sanctions.
mainly on the ground that U. N.
disciplinary measures had not been
applied against Egypt for denying
the Suez Canal TO Israeli ships.
against the Soviet Union for fiout-
ing U. N. resolutions calling for an
end to Soviet intervention in Hun
gary, or against India for rejecting
U. N. action in the Kashmir dis
pute. (See story by Simon Tucker
on page B-4)
But indications were increasing
yesterday that neither the United
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24
European Unity:
A Step onward

For centuries political philoSo-
pliers have toyed with the idea of
a united Europe. Last Wednesday
that idea took long step toward
actually.
In Paris, the Premiers of six
European nations put their sigma
lures to two documents. In the
agreements thus formalized, Euro
pean Union at last had a founda-
ton to build on.
France, Belgium, West Germany,
the Netherlands, Italy and Luxem-
bourg approved % nuclear re-
sources pool 90 uratom" - under
the direction of a European Atomic
Energy Commission, and 90 a
single common market" economic
system, under which, over the next
IL to II years, tariffs and other
restrictions to free trade will be
abolished among the member ma
tions.
The Paris accords, called by the
heads Of state a decisive step i.
to reaff1rm the will of their coun-
tries >. for European indignation"
will set UP working organization
for the augmentation Of atomic
energy projects-power plants, in
dustrial centers. motive power
throughout the territories of the
member nations.
In the common market project,
which is based largely on the very
successful European Coal and Steel
Community known as the "Schu-
man Plan" tariffs. import quotas.
exchange restrictions and similar
barriers to the free movement Of
goods and products will be pro-
greSsively abolished.
In addition, when present nego-
tiations are completed, free
trade zone" to include II nations
may be set up.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24
More Time Asked

Jerusalem, in rejecting somewhat
sorrowfully the Presidents demand
for immediate withdrawal. added a
plea.for more time in which to work
out solution. Ambassador to
Washington Abba Eban. in Jerusa-
lem to report to his government on
his talks to Mr.. Dulles, is due back
at his post today with new instruc-
tioIlS.
On Friday, Mr.. Ben Gurion mod
flied somewhat the Israeli insistence
that the civil administration of the
bloody GAIA Strip be entrusted to
Israel. He indicated willingness to
have the affairs of the Strip ad-
ministered by the U. N. or by an
international commission. But he
remained adamant on the Israeli
determination that Egyptian forces
and civil government must not re-
turn to the Strip directly or
indirectly"
The q. N. General Assembly
heard a proposal Friday by six Asian
and Arab states for sanctions. But
action was delayed pending either
new steps toward agreement, or a
clear and formal United States deci-
sion on the matter of imposing
sanctions.
And in Washington. there APP
peared to be mounting sentiment
that, IL the U. N. did move to
apply pressure" to Israel, such
pressure should be something short
Of actual economic sanctions.
Rejecting the administration
realization that the gathering OPP
position in the Senate to sanctions
against Israel would weaken their
moral impact. Mr.. Dulles stepped
UP his efforts to bring Jerusalem
to a negotiated settlement
In addition. both Mr.. Eisenhower
and MIR. Dulles looked with approval
on a suggestion made by Senator
Fulbright. Democrat OF Arkansas,
at Wednesdays White House meet
ing. The Arkansan, a foe of the
so-called Eisenhower doctrine now
pending in the Senate. proposed
that the. Senate approve a resolu-
ton supporting the Presidents
pledge to use American influence
toward ending the Egyptian block
ade of the Cult of Aqaba.
There were serious legal questions
as to the practical application of
the international waterway" prin-
ciple to the gulf 1t is a compare
lively narrow waterway, its shores
held by Egypt on the west and
Saudi Arabia on the east. At its
head is the Israeli seaport Of Elath.
BY blockading the narrow Strait of
Tiran with warships and coastal
artillery. Egypt has since 1913 sue
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24
Market Still Unsettled

The stock market remained UNI
settled last week. following a week
Of heavy losses. The markets COM
parative instability over the past
two weeks has been the source of
considerable speculation--much OF
1t in a somewhat alarmed key. But
many economists have come to be-
lieve that the markets activity is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24
Israeli:

israel:
Israel. conversely, shows plainly
deep disappointment and concern
over the United States position.
Premier Ben-Gurion's coalition
Cabinet is in some danger, as right
and-left-wing parties stiffen their
attitudes in the current crisis over
sanctions.
Paramount in the thinking of
Israeli critics of the American stand
is a deep skepticism toward the
promises of Mr. Dulles Speakers in
the Knesset (parliament have re-
called the course pursued by the
American Secretary Of State prior
to the invasion OF Egypt. when it
was freely charged in Israel. Britain
and France that Mr. Dulles had re-
neged on his promise to maintain a
firm attitude, toward Col. Nasser
after the latter's naturalization of
the SueZ Canal The question was
asked; Can the Dulles pledges on
GAIA and Aqaba be trusted enough
to justify renewed exposure of
Israel to Egyptian harassment?
Europe:
Both Britain and France reacted
sharply and adversely last week to
the United States espousal of
pressure" on Israel. In London.
the Macmillan government let it be
known that 1t would not even con-
template" sanctions against Israel
until all possible hope of reasonable
and constructive negotiations had
vanished.
In Paris. government sources
were equally determined that sane
tons against Israel were lnadmis-
sible unless similar action were
taken against Egypt. The visit of
French Premier Guy Mollet TO
Washington this week is expected
to clarity the French position in
the matter. But no one seems to
expect French support for sane
tons against Israel without
broader approach to the problem
than has been taken so far.
United Nations approval of
sanctions resolution, with or with
out British and French support. is
considered certain. Particularly
with American aid. a sanctions
move will receive solid backing from
the nations of the African Asian
bloc and the Communist nations.
Despite the dramatization of the
United States stand during the
week, there seems no doubt that
American support for sanctions will
be delayed until all possible avenues
toward a compromise settlement
have been explored.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24
Reaction
Egypt:

Egypt. although warned by Pres
ident Eisenhower that violations of
the 1919 armistice agreement with
Israel would be dealt with firmly
by the society of nations. was
immensely pleased by the Presi-
dents address Wednesday. Cairo
official sources called the Eisen-
hover !. statement positive and
Just. and indicated that, If the
United States really pressed for
sanctions against Israel, the regime
OF President Canal Abdel Nasser
might find it possible to consider
such things as the free passage of
shipping through the Gulf OF
Aqaba.
U. N. Secretary General Dag
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24

ical questions of Senator Fulbright,
DEMOCRAT of Arkansas, suggest a
searching discussion of the Eisen-
hower-Dulles policies is in store
once the doctrine" resolution is
out of the way.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24

sustained the recommendation Of
the House Appropriations Commit
tee. which then went on to suggest
that the Interior Departments
budget be trimmed by ~ per cent,
or $60.8 million.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24
REVIEW OF THE WEEK
World Quandary: IsraePs Lonely Stand

small young nation surrounded by bitter enemies was
threatened with the formal condemnation of much of the
world last week and decided to risk it.
Israel determined to her borders and to obtain
free of the Suez Canal and the Gulf of Aqaba rejected all
demands that she withdrew her forces Egyps GAIA
Strip and the Sharm ell Shekh area on the gulf Bv the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24

States nor the U. N. would act in
haste in the matter of sanctions.
1t was clear that forces on both
sides were working hard to bring
about some sort of face-saving
coYnnrnroiSe
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-24

weeks end a way 70 reverse her
decision without imposing economic
sanctions or other overt pressure
was still being sought.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1957-04-06
OTHER TRIBUNE
VISITORS

Mrs. Ansley Williams,
who helps chaperone the
girls at the u. S. O. head
quarters complimented the
paper for such clean whole
some reading.
Mr.. Uly sses Boyk'n,
paid a visit. He had not seen
the new equipment nor
the building since The
Tribune moved. However,
he said "it is wonderful.
must congratulate you.
and he said he enjoyed
the visit a great deal.
Among others who visit
ed were. Rev. Atkins, Mr..
Chester Higgins, Mr.. Char
les M. Diggs and the Rev.
Peterson, who came in early
enough to have devotion
with us. 1t was very insplr-
ational.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1957-04-06

is the owner OF a beauty school,
made a pleasant a tcrnpcn ln.
al. Mrs. Bertha Walker is p cs-
ident.
The Dorcas Society celebrated
their 35th anniversary at the
Dcroit Association of Women )
Club Sunday afternoon Ms.
Mamie Jcflrica oraanzcd THIS
club.
The first annual program Of
the M. lliott-Mack Center VAS
given Tuesday night with an
apprcciable audien e. MI. j.
Brown is supervisor.
This program showed that
much patience and time had
been given for IN evening Of
enjoyment for the general pub
lie under the leadership of quail
fled workers.
Mrs. Almcia Hatcher La
manzo is quite anxious that
the parents take an active
part at the Center. She is in
charge of women's activities.
and under her skill super
vision. good useful knowledge
will be attained or learned.
Those lovely costumes worn
by the girls were made by her
Now parents. support this center
Fundamentally, also bring your
children.
The Maviair Club met last
Wednesday at the home o. Mrs
Lula Davis. with all members
present.
CONTINUED On Page ~
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1957-04-06

The Rev Dr. Tollie l.. eau
tnn, missioner and Director of
the newly created Division OF
Racial M.norities of the Epis-
copal Church. will lead the an
nual lcntcn preaching teach
ing mi SION at ST. Cyprian'5
Episcopal Church, 18th at Mil
ford.
His theme is The Imperative
of Christian Reletionsh ps' and
individual topics will include
ON Evalusting Ones SER
"Cn Evaluofing Fellcwmsn"
and Gods Evsluaiin OF Rela'
Iionships as Found in The Cos
pei.
A childrcn's mission held a.
400 pm. will include the sub
lcrts What Children Expect
from the eHavenly Father
What the Heavenly Father
Expects of His Children anc
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1957-04-06
Clergyman Writes
Book On Bible

CHARLOTTE. N. c. Can
We Believe the Bible" is the
provocative title of book by
well known Charlotte. N c.
clergyman who gives an affir-
native answer. Jesse A. Bald
win, retired Methodist clergy
man, now SO, was also founder
OF the Southern Industrial In
sttutc and contributes to maya
zines and newspapers. His book
is published by the Royal Book
Company. 20l Middleton Drive.
Charlotte Z, N. c.
Dr.. Daniel A. Polling, editor
of the Christian Herald, COM
mented: THE answer to this IT,
tie is definitely Yes and the
adthor with warmth and high
faith proves it,"
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1957-04-06
DR.. BENJAMIN (. MAYS.
SPEAKER

The Altar Circle of Second
Baptist Church held their reg
ular meeting Monday afternoon
at the YWCA which was well
attended.
DR.. Benz F.. MAYS was guest
speaker and the members found
much logic in his speech. DR..
Mays is president of Morchouse
College.
Other guests were Dr. and
Mrs. Lcnnox OF whom is prcsi-
dent Of the Detroit Council OF
Churches: Miss Lucy Campbell
of Memphis, Tenn, director of
music for the National Conven-
ton. Mrs. Ronald Williams, Mrs.
A. A. Banks, ST., and Rev. A.
A. Banks.
Mrs. Lucille Robinson. de-
signer, had Mrs. Jones and Mrs.
Powell TO model some of her
work.
The hostess, Mrs. Myrtle Cook,
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1957-04-06
NEW YORK WOMEN
SET FUND UP

A group of thirty young
women banded together
this week for the express
purpose of setting up a
Negro Relief Fund.
This Fund will be avail
able for all Negroes who
suffer reprisals which re-
suit in loss of income be-
cause of their fight for
Civil Rights.
The name of the organi-
cation is the Committe
for United Negro Relief.
The Fund will be known
as the United Negro Relief
Fund.
For a long time it has
been felt that a fund of this
type should be in existence,
hut, the case of Mrs. f.
G. rdon of Wheatcroft,
Kentucky, brought the ur-
pency Of the need more to
the forefront.
Mrs. Daisy c. Hicks was
instrumental in getting the
Vivants, a social club, to
lend aid through soliciting
funds from friends to help
the Gordons.
The following promin-
cnt citizens have been ask
ed to serve on the board
of the Committe for Uni
ted Negro Relief.
Mrs. Elizabeth Wearing,
wife of Judge Watts War
ing; Mrs. Alroy Rivers,
wife of Judge Francis Riv'
ers; DR.. Mamie Clark, wife
of DR.. Kenneth Clark; Mrs
Betty Granger, Amsterdam
News Columnist and radio
commentator; Mrs. Bessie
Buchanan, New York State
A SIS e m b ly woman; Mrs
Ruth Whitehead Whaley
Secretary for the Board OF
Estimate, N. Y. City; Mrs
c. B. Powell, wife of Am
sterdam News Publisher.
The Committee for Uni
ted Negro Relief will wei
come groups in other ARGUS