davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nome nugget., 1957-04-26
American Newspaper Vehicles Set Safety Record Last Year

NEW YORK, R-The Ameri- can Newspaper Publishers Assn. announced winners Wednesday in its 1856 safe driving campaign for newspaper vehicles. ~
 It reported that 475 United States and Canadian newspapers participating operated 7,0O3 ve- hicles 166,846,O88 miles, with 3,106 accidents, for rate of 1.86 accidents per 100000 miles. The 1855 rate was .1.39. There were three fatalities each year. 1*f
 Certificates of merit award winners included the Fairbanks News Miner. -Hn aaf-rtta
The Nome nugget., 1957-04-26
Welfare Board To Meet May Is

JUNEAU-The Board of Public Welfare will meet at Juneau May 1, 2, and 3 with the director of the department, Henry A. Harmon.
 The present board consists of Monsignor G. Edgar Gallant, V.G., chairman, Skagway, representing the 1st Judicial Division; Mrs. Omie Mccarthy, Nome, repre- senting the 2nd Division; Rev. Howard E. May, Cordova, 3rd Di- vision; and Mrs. Evelyn Melville, Fort Yukon, 4th Division
 Main subjects for discussion and action will be on recent legis- lation affecting the Department of Public Welfare This will in- clude the newly adopted law con- corning juveniles which will in volve the transfer of certain re- responsibilities from the Welfare Dept. to the Board of Juvenile In stitutions
 The most serious problem faced by the department will be in the Aid to Dependent Children Pro- gram in which the department re- ceived $150,00O less than the amount appropriated for the 1955-57 biennium.
 beds, visits to canneries, water fowl rookeries, islands, fjords and to an old Russian church, and g flight over the entire area in a bush plane.
The Nome nugget., 1957-04-26

IMPORTANT NOTICE TERRITORIAL SCHOOL TAX FOR 1977
 NOW DUE AND PAYABLE Tax is due and payable after January 1 of each year and becomes delinquent after Dec l. A Penalty of $2OO Attaches If Not Paid On or Before December l. 1857 The $1O Tax Is Retroactive To Jan l. 1857 So Any Person Having Paid the $7.5O Tax Before Now Must Pay An Additional $25O Who Must Pay School Tax
 All persons between 21 60 years of age.
 Unemployed Dependent Females
 Active Military Naval Personnel
 Insane Persons
 Permanently Injured-unable living EMPLOYERS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR COLLECTION OF TAX FROM THEIR EMPLOYEES Failure neglect 10 the School is nis demeanor and subject 10 a O notm than S100 Imprisonment of not nor days. Payment should be made to your local school tax collector, Department of Taxation Box 259, Nome Alaska-on Front Street
The Nome nugget., 1957-04-26
Your Nome Machinery
 Headquarters
\X%Ia
BUcYRUs ERIl EXe0W0f0TS
 and Grames

Ea If it's output you're looking for you'll Bucyrus-
 Erie as to 4yd and cranes tops Smooth performance achieved through fine balance speeds and power through blending of operating motions through quick responsive control Working with easily manipulated levers operator finds easy handle big oads easy to keep them coming all through the shift.
 There ten Bucyrus models choose from-eight crawer machines Transit Cranes See us detalsi
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-16

of Justice Harold H. Burton in the
recent Supreme Court case.
Paint them any color" he said.
"as long as they're black"
Apparently feeling the pinch,
however, Ford in 1923 instituted q
sort of "layaway plan" by which
prospective purchasers could ac-
cumulate the necessary cash for q
car by making weekly savings de-
posts Of as little as IS which bore
interest at favorable rates.
Two years latef, Ford dived head
first into the installment business
with terms that startled his COM
petition. The lowest price Ford
could be driven home for a down
payment Of $12.40 and accompany
ing payments of IS week. The
down payment amounted to only
as per cent of the purchase price.
Installment sales kept pace with
the booming economy during the
'20s, slumped with the depres-
sion. but again turned upward with
recovery. Commercial banks entered
the field in the sos, which helped
bring down the general level
of financing charges. Installment
paper of finance companies became
eligible for rediscount at Federal
Reserve banks in 1887.
No More Skepticism
Once installment credit demon
strated its capacity to move a vast
volume of manufactured goods
rapidly. skepticism as to its merits
vanished.
Business leaders were quick to
note it held the key to the success
of mass production.
Banking officials acclaimed it as
a financing mechanism without
which the mass distribution Of du-
rable goods would not have been
possible"
Although some States enacted
laws regulating installment buying
and selling. the first Federal con-
trolls did not come until J941 when
Regulation w went into effect. 1t
was aimed at curbing purchases of
consumer durable goods in order
to spur transfer of materials and
manpower to defense production.
It has since been lifted.
AS the Du Pont-GM parting APP
pears imminent. Federal Reserve
figures demonstrate how solidly de-
ferred payment buying has been
built into the Nations economy.
In April of this year total con-
sumner installment credit hit $3l.5
billion.
The 1857 rise in total outstand-
ing credit was principally the re-
suit of increases Of $ls8 million
in automobile paper and 1922 mil
lion in personal loans. Automobile
debt totals $14,659, 100000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-16
MARYLAND REPORT
Norris Case Is Fodder for SO

who veered to the Kramer-Smith-
Scharf camp when Mr.. Smith was
chosen board president this year.
On the conservative side are VIII
lard McGraw. bank trust officer,
Wylie Barrow, q utility executive.
and Harrison King, a farmer and
defender Of the up-county interests.
It's a tireless board which piles
up more hours Of meetings and
more stacks Of precisely corrected
minutes than any Of its counter
parts in neighboring counties.
It's q board fond Of probing into
every aspect Of the school system.
This tendency led to charges that
every member wants to be SUPER
intendent." Whether true or not,
the constant probing created irri-
tations that underlay much Of the
conflict with DR.. Norris. pending
before the board is a proposal to set
up standing committees which
would serve as a continuing check
rein on the SYSTEM.
New Machinery Built
In the past four years. this great
outpouring Of energy has been ST.
phoned of to a great degree by the
demands Of fashioning new ma
chinery to cope with the problems
Of pansion-teacher shortages.
new buildings, more supervisors
and clerks.
Except for indignation. the issues
Of educational philosophy-tradi-
tional versus progressive - have
never been given q clearcut, ex-
tended workout. .
Political leaders intend to force
airings on this score next year.
They intend to block q repetition
Of the 1854 election, when injection
Of the United Nations and the
Chicago Tribune as campaign
topics almost overwhelmed the fate
Of the school system as an issue.
Neither the Republicans nor the
Democrats will back candidates
openly. County residents are too
sensitive TO party interference in
school matters to tolerate SUCH an
approach.
But private discussions among
political leaders reveal they plan
to encourage certain candidates to
run, with the familiar tactic OF
passing the word" to build support
for them.
The result will be a campaign
that will profoundly affect the
course OF the county school system.
It appears all seven members Of
the present board will be In the
field. thus setting the stage for a
showdown on who's liberal" and
who's conservative"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-16
VIRGINIA REPORT
Dalton Gimmick Has q Precedent

the public schools The historic
Supreme Court decision has been
handed down since the campaign
four years ago. The issue has been
brought into sharper focus in Vir-
GINA by the massive resistance"
philosophy. of Senator Byrd and
Gov. Stanley as opposed to a more
moderate approach Of compliance
with the courts decision with the
least possible indignation.
For months, Mr.. Dalton has been
issuing statements that indicated
he does not want to become q can
didate for Governor this year. Yet
the Democrats have been treating
him as though already he were the
official nominee. They have pasted
him with the "integrationist" label
as often as they could. Mr.. Dalton
is not an integrationist.
Thus. in his request that the
people write to him, Mr.. Dalton will
be testing more than his own per-
sonal popularity. He will be testing
the extent to which Virginians are
ready to accept the indignation is
sue as a major factor in the next
gubernatorial campaign.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-16
By GEORGE w. OAKES

the beginning Of an theological
battle"
Significantly. leaders Of both par
ties, at a county Chamber Of Com
merce dinner. backed DR.. Norris
after Mr.. Scull warned that the
board was casting out moderate"
superintendent and looking for a
liberal" school head.
While DR.. Norris himself has
refrained from commenting on the
stands taken by his supporters and
Is unlikely to participate In any
way In next years election, his
thinking" as interpreted by o
large segment of those opposed TO
the present school board, will be
put forward as the ISSUE" Equally
at stake will be the philosophy Of
the board members: Are they
liberal" or conservative?
Unlike boards in nearby Virginia.
where spirited debates bare the
educational PHILOSOPHERS OF the
members, the Montgomery MEM
bers only occasionally offer clear
cut statements of where they stand.
Most outspoken, and perhaps
the dominant members Of the
ven-member board, is Mrs. Rose
Kramer, whose liberal" leanings
are reflected In her championine
OF indignation programs, advanced
teaching methods and innovations
in school buildings.
Arrayed with her are Lathrop
Smith. a former Republican mem
Der OF the county council who
ran with her as a team" In the
1854 elections. and Mrs. Helen
Scharf Of Bethesda.
The centrist Is Wayne Birdsell,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-16

politan area Is a unity. A. single
metropolitan police force will sup
plement local police agencies. in
tegrating law enforcement. There
will be countrywide control over
such regional problems as arterial
highways, public transportation. on
street parking. housing, coming.
conservation, health and welfare
programs. But each city retains its
identity. an important difference
from consolidation.
In other words, Miami has taken
a step toward recognizing what Mr..
Harrell calls the economic metro
polls existing as a result of strong,
longtime economic and social in
fiuences with which the accidents
of political boundaries have little
or nothing to do"
Senator Joseph 8. Clark, Demo-
crat Of Pennsylvania, recently sug-
gested that unless local govern
ments are to lean more and more
heavily on State and Federal as
sistance, "a fourth layer Of govern
ment, one that will correspond geo.
graphically to the new community
the metropolitan area" is the
only way out Of the dilemma.
A Solution in Toronto
And that is exactly what hap
pened In Toronto, Ontario, three
wears ago. The same postwar boom
which has affected communities
throughout the continent liked To-
ronto's suburban growth from
100000 to .000-about the size
Of the city itself.
BY the early part Of this decade,
some of Toronto's IL suburbs were
lurching toward bankruptcy. their
resources strained by education and
public works demands,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-16
CONTROLS ARE WEAK
The British Have Budget Worries, Too

the few subjects it can cover each
year it is often inquiring into funds
already spent.
Fear Loss Of Power
There is a conviction among ex-
perienced parliamentarians, former
cabinet ministers and many M. P.s
that creation Of additional special
advisory committees would mean
delegation of powers from the Com
. mons and thus weaken the author
ity of the House itself as the GEN.
ter for debate and decision.
Also, it is felt that bipartisan
committees would tend to tie up
ministers too much and inhibit the
opposition during debates. Never
thelesS a special committee was set
up during the current session to
examine the reports and accounts
of certain nationalized industries.
Sir Robert Boothby. an indie
pendent Conservative NJ. p.
believing that Parliament needs
duulJlOlldl ulCdllO Va CACAOAcAA48 ANo
control. has for some time favored
the establishment Of select all
party advisory committees in the
field Of defense. foreign policy, and
finance which would have the
power to question ministers and
high civil servants. Some M. P.s
argue that If such q committee.
composed Of qualified M. P.s, could
have questioned ministers before
the Suez adventure, it might never
have occurred. ''Nye" Bevan is
known to favor a special Commons
committee to supervise colonial
policy. But this demand for adj
ditional committees has not at
tracted much general support. On
the whole. ministers and potential
ministers are against any mocha
nism that might restrain their
powers when in office.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-16
Metro: A Drastic Approach to Urban Ills

at 4 per cent to finance needed i'm
provements, a much lower rate
than any Of the individual com.
munities could achieve. And Fred
erick @. Gardiner, Toronto's mu-
nicipal chairman in 1855. said that
the progress already achieved
leaves no room for any sound
contention that q metropolitan
form Of government was not needed
in this area. It has been proved
that the metropolitan corporation
can provide services which were so
badly needed and which could not
be provided under the previous
system"
The Metro is governed by IL To-
ronto councilmen. the Mayor Of
each of the IL suburbs and chair
man elected by the council. SINH
larly, Dade County's new govern
ment-which will take Office July
20-will be composed of five mem
bers elected at large, one from each
of five special districts, and one
from any city with population Of
more than $4,000, This includes
only Miami today, but Miami Beach
is expected to reach the mark soon.
Conscious Of growing expenses
and increased demands being made
on them, municipal experts are
watching the Miami and Toronto
ventures carefully. The fourth
level of government" is being in
creasingly talked about,
And this may only be a step
along the way. Outright amalga-
nation is openly discussed by
Metro officials as they view a 10
year program Of capital improve
ments involving $3.50 million out
lay.
North American Newspaper Allianee)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-16

The city of Toronto asked Ontar-
los provincial government for ANAL
gamation Of the city and its sub
urbs. Eleven of the suburbs Of
fered such violent opposition that
the plan was junked. thus bearing
out the municipal truism that mer-
gers will frequently fail because
residents would sooner vote extra
taxes for themselves than see their
community lose its identity.
The government, however, en-
acted a bill establishing what is
called a federal system Of govern
ment, essentially similar to the
home rule vote just approved in.
Florida. The relationship is SINH
lar to that existing between the
United States Government and in
dividual States: The locality pre-
serves its autonomy. but regional
problems are handled on q regional
basis.
Although Toronto's new govern
ment-often called the Metro
does not tax directly. it sets uni
form tax rate for its member bodies.
It oversees housing. the administra-
ton of justice, water and sewer
systems. arterial highways, parks
and recreation.
Flows Are Charged
There are criticisms of the sys-
tenn. first of its kind in North Amer
lea. The largest suburb-North
York, with population of 10000
has only one vote, just as does
Swansea, whose population is 5000.
There have been instances when the
Metro was charged with acting in
an authoritarian manner.
But metropolitan Toronto's credit
is so good today that it can borrow
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-16
By ALEX R. PRESTON

When Republican State Senator
Ted Dalton invited Virginians last
week to write him and tell him to
run for Governor in the November
general election. he was giving
new twist to q gimmick that
has been tried before in the Old
Dominion.
Delegate Robert Whitehead OF
Nelson County. leader Of the liberal
wing of the Democratic Party and
a longtime foe of the Byrd politi-
cal machine, said he would run
for Governor in 1853 If the voters
came through with enough financial
help to support his campaign for
that Office.
In the long run, Mr.. Whitehead
gave up because adequate support
failed to appear.
Just Tell Ne So
Last week. Mr.. Dalton went on
State television network to deliver
what had been publicized In ad-
vance as "a message to the people
OF Virginia" The fact that he built
up more than idle public curiosity
ahead Of time was. in itself. dis
turbing to the leaders Of the DEM
ocratic organization.
But instead Of asking for money
as Mr. Whitehead had done. the
Republican who polled IS per cent
Of the vote in 1858 against Gov.
Thomas B. Stanley, told last weeks
televiewers:
"If you want me to run. then
write me just a line at Radford,
Va. and tell me So
= He said he wanted Republicans,
Democrats and independents Ito
help me to answer the most difficult
question Of my political life"
I'VE may not win." he said. "but
IL enough of you write promise
you we will enter the contest with
whole heart. and working together
we will give them tthe Democrats
the fight Of their lives"
He said that II is more urgent
this year to have a two-party de-
bate Of the issues than 1t was four
years ago.
These are the portions OF his
statement that are believed to hold
the key To what is really behind
Mr.. Dalton's unusual campaign
tactic.
Represents Minority
Mr.. Whitehead and Mr.. Dalton
both represent minority" groups
the former within the Demo-
cractic Party and the latter. as
head OF the O. o. p, within the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-16
Rolls ARE WEAK

amend the details Of the Presi-
dents budget. the House Of Com
mons in practice accepts the
governments recommended esti-
mates or appropriations as pre-
sensed. If 1t rejects these proposals,
then the government must resign.
How II Works
The British procedure works this
way:
Each February the government
proposes its estimates to the House
Of Commons for the next fiscal year
(which begins in April. These esti-
mates are debated on certain days
when the whole House sits as a
Committee Of Supply (Finance).
Formerly the supply debates con-
cerned financial matters. but during
the past quarter century or so they
have become occasions for the OPP
position to criticize and discuss the
general policy behind the estimates.
For example, a supply debate on
colonial estimates recently gave the
opposition o chance TO attack the
governments Cyprus policy rather
than the cost Of implementing 1t.
So the Commons gives less at
tention to government spending
than 1t used to.
The House of Commons. In con-
trast with Congress, has no COM
mittees that hold hearings or
question ministers on financial ex-
penditures before all current esti-
mates are voted. However there
are two select committees Of Com
mons that. without discussing
policy. try to see that public funds
are spent as economically as pos
sible and only for the items au-
thorized.
These are the Select Committee
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-16

of Education. But in surrounding
Hamilton County, which has less
than half the population Of Gin
cinnati, there are a grand total
Of 675 elected officials, including
1913 city and village officers. ia
township officials and 2l0 school
board members.
Furthermore. political boundaries
drawn in the distant past for rea-
sons irrelevant today - immensely
complicate the situation. For
example, apart from two counties
in Kentucky which are part Of
Cincinnati's m etrop olitan area.
there are "a incorporated places In
Hamilton County, 80 school dis
tricts. 10 townships-plus q county
government. That means almost
100 separate taxing districts, and
1t does not include special districts
or agencies.
Il Took u Years
In Florida. Dade County oficials
became deeply concerned over the
financial difilculties implicit in such
situation, typical Of those con-
fronting metropolitan areas across
the country. Unlike many officials,
they took action
A l2-year campaign toward a
fourth level Of government was
eliminated by the governmental
changes just approved. There were
setbacks along the -consolida-
ton moves failed in l947 and 1883
and in this last election, Miami
Beach newspapers fought the pro-
posed plan bitterly.
What Dade County voters APP
proved-and what other municipal
tiles will be studying with renewed
interests a metropolitan charter
which recognizes that the metro.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-16

NdiAo al NOieACoo Aoos WCCh'
SENATE
HR $500. Morse amendment to
provide a $23 million payment to
the District Of Columbia for fiscal
1858 rather than a $20.5 million
payment. Rejected 1850.
FOR; .v H.all and Butler Republicans Of
AGAINST; Byrd and Robertson. Democrats
OF virginia.
HR $500. Morse amendment to
increase by $440,250 the funds for
teaching personnel In the District
public schools. Rejected 27-57.
FORi Bean.
AGAINST Byrd, Robertson and Butler.
HR $500. Fiscal 1858 appropria-
tions for the District. Passed 03-l.
FOR; Byrd. Robertson. Beall and Butler.
S 2l30. Mutual Security Act OF
1857 Long amendment to cut $50
million from the $3.6 billion bill.
Rejected 40-49.
FOR, syrd. Robertson and Butler.
AGAINST: Beall
S 2i30. Passage Of Mutual Sc
curity Act authorizing $3.6 billion
in fiscal 1858 for foreign aid. Passed
57-25.
ron, Beall
AGAINST; Byrd and Robertson,
ABSENT, Butler
tconsrssSOnsl eaAs.srvp
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-16
By GEORGE FLYNN

The smoke is beginning to clear
In the Norris case in Montgomery
County, but the fires are banked
and they will smolder until the
1858 school board elections.
Two months ago. when the
county board of education took the
unusual step Of releasing DR..
Forbes H. Norris. one-term super
intendent, it found itself opposed
by business and political leaders.
teachers and principals.
The elected school board stood
firm against their protests. Much
remains to be explained about the
case, but details promise instead
to become blurred with time and
over-written by the record Of the
incoming administration.
However, the firing raises these
questions:
. Will there be a demand for
return to the appointive method
of choosing school board members?
. viii the case be cause cele-
bre in the 1858 elections?
The answers are no and yes, re-
spectively.
A Hord-Won Right
Montgomery County fought hard
TO win the right to elect its own
school board, free Of domination
from Annapolis, just as II struggled
for years to obtain q charter form
Of county government.
Professional politicians resent
nonpartisan school board elections.
No other county in the State fol-
lowed Montgomery's lead. Mary
land governors pay lip service to
elected school boards, but privately
loathe the idea of surrendering APP
pointments valued more for their
honor than for their rewards.
Montgomery's political leaders.
though, show no signs they intend
to stage fight that would find
them arrayed against the Parent
Teacher Associations, the League
of Women Voters, the increasingly
powerful Montgomery County Edu-
cation Association and their allies.
Such a fight would have roper
cussions that could only distract
attention from the main arena OF
1858, the gubernatorial and con-
gressional races. Neither party
wants that.
But II is certain that political
PHILOSOPHERS" II not political par
ties, will take the center stage In
the school board elections.
theological Bottle
David Scull. the Silver Spring Re-
publican leader. set the tone when
he caDNd the Norris custer only