davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-25
MARYLAND Ponders IRRIGATION

Assuming that all Of the water
was to be obtained from UNDER
ground sources it would require
only 1894 million gallons a year,
he said. That is only a 224 per
cent increase over present con-
sumption, he goes on. and is less
than IL per cent of the annual
replenishment Of the underground
reservoirs.
Low Yield Is Enough
DR.. Singewald contends a q
inch jetted artesian well anywhere
in the Tidewater country will
produce the low yield of 81 gallons
Of water a minute which is enough
to irrigate 10 acres of tobacco
land.
DR.. Singewald became incensed
about 10 days ago when he read
a newspaper account of tobacco
farmers looking with envy on the
irrigated fields of the university's
tobacco experimental farm near
Marlboro.
He then took sharp issue with
one official at the farm who said
that mot many farmers had that
much surplus" in reference to the
100000 gallons a week for eight
weeks of dry spell year.
The farmers don't have that
much only because they have not
provided the well or wells to con-
vey it from the reservoirs nature
has provided under their fields to
the surface of the fields" he said.
Last year irrigation legislation
DR.. Singewald was backing was
not even given a hearing in An
napolis. Under that legislation
the county governments through
out the State would have author
ity to borrow money to build
irrigation systems requested by
farmers and then assess them for
the interest and principal pay
ments.
That legislation was opposed by
the Farm Bureau. the Grange, the
Association Of Soil Conservation
Districts and others.
60 Slow Policy
The extension service under DR..
Nystrom obviously has adopted a
"go-slow" policy on irrigation
that is not present in DR.. SINCE
wald's approach.
DR.. Nystrom. for example, feels
irrigation is not practicable in an
economic sense for all farmers.
The basic cost Of an irrigation
system for 10 acres is about $500,
he said. He noted that the annual
gross tobacco yield on such a tract
tabout average) would be some
$4,000 before any operating ex-
penses are taken out.
I'VE don't want to 60 of half
cooked in this matter" DR.. N.Y.
strom warned.
Throughout all discussions OF
rrlgaJlOn Jnere runs menClon OF
the possibilities of small dams,
Of ponds for storing up spring
water for summer use and large
dams.
Even involved in the discussions
is the part either major dam
at River Bend on the Potomac
River or a series Of smaller dams
upstream would play in the over
all irrigation setup.
Farmers themselves are becom-
ing increasingly aware that irri-
CATION is not only the answer to
a drought. 1t also can provide
water at the most opportune time
in the growing life Of a crop and
produce the maximum yields even
in normal rainfall years.
The Legislature appears almost
certain to receive some sort Of ir-
rigation legislation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-25

been q favorite weapon Of down.
State Democrats whenever they
thought it necessary to whip
Northern Virginia into line. No
cooperation. no legislation.
Mr.. Almond has promised to
respect the judgment of the areas
legislators and recognize their
viewpoints as far as possible.
The formation Of a mutual ad-
miration society by Mr.. Almond
and the two Democratic Fairfax
Falls Church legislators was an
other surprise.
To be sure. party regular like
Mr.. Almond who has stuck by the
Democratic presidential ticket
when other State leaders strayed
would not be expected to oppose
Democratic nominees.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-25

Imprisoned with him are Bal
dur Won Schirach. 40. Nazi youth
leader and gauleiter of Austria,
who was sentenced to 20 years
for crimes against humanity, and
Albert Speer, So. Hitler's war pro-
duction genius, who was given 20
years for war crimes and crimes
against humanity.
Hess and his two fellow prison.
ers live sealed of in one of Span
dauS four cell blocks designed to
house some 500 inmates. More
than 100 guards and other attend
ants watch their movements
night and day.
Won Schirach and Speer often
are awakened at night by wild
outcries from Hess-uSually COM
planning of abdominal pains or
the light which prison rules re-
quire be flashed on in every cell
every two hours to guard against
suicide attempts.
Two years ago Hess was re-
ported to have gone on a hunger
strike. Not long after, he tried to
commit suicide by swallowing
gardening insecticide.
Refuses to Work
BY 8 o'clock the prisoners are
supposed to be in the yard work.
ing the vegetable garden. But
Hess usually refuses to work.
Control of the prison rotates
month to month among the
United States. Britain. France
and Russia. with the power in
charge providing guards.
When the Western forces are
in control they wink at Hess
antics and let him go pretty
much his own way.
But the Russians insist Hess
do his gardening. II he throws
a tantrum complaining of stom-
ach pains the Russians lock him
up in his cell.
Embarrassed, Won Schirach and
Speer have been overheard
whispering to Hess; "Pull your
self together"
Recently there have been re-
ports that the cavernous Spandau
prison might be closed to save
money. with Won Schirach and
Speer confined elsewhere and
Hess sent to a sanitarium.
When told Of the reports that
officials were considering putting
him into a mental home, Hess
snapped: They're mad. COM
pletely mad"
The contingent Of war crimi-
nails has steadily decreased. Hess
is one Of the few remaining.
Eleven I top Nazis were SEN
fenced to death in the Nuremberg
trials. and 10 we're hanged in
1916. The other. Goering. cheated
the hangman's moose by taking a
fatal dose Of poison two hours be-
fore he was scheduled for execu-
ton. The death list included such
names as Foreign Minister
Joachim Won Ribbentrop, Julius
Streicher and Col. Gen. Alfred
Jodl.
Other Nazi war criminals such
as Joseph Kramer, the Beast Of
Belsen," we're hanged in l945.
Erich Raeder, former grand ad-
miral. was released from a life
term in 1855 because OF Ill health
as was former Foreign Minister
Konstantin Won Neurath who died
later Of a heart attack.
Industrialist Gustav Krupp and
former Admiral Karl Doenitz have
been released.
tThe Associated Press
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-25
By CHARLES L. HOFFMAN

~ OAAAANA1O LIZ A4OA NAGA&N
Drought stricken Maryland
farmers don't take too well this
time of year to an oft-repeated
assertion that there is no shortage
Of water in the State.
There's all the water the
farmer needs below his fields: all
he has to do is bring it up and put
it on the surface" nevertheless
declares Joseph T. Singewald. jr.,
director of the States Depart
ment of Geology, Mines and Nat
ural Resources.
Maryland this year is going
through its worst drought since
the bitter one of 1880. Disaster
relief has been asked but denied
for 10 counties on the Eastern
Shore and in Southern Maryland
where crop losses Of so to 80 per
cent are reported.
A number Of meetings have been
held on the water situation at Bal
timore. at the University Of Mary
land and elsewhere.
Out Of these sessions is likely to
come legislation aimed at soften
ing natures blows on the farmer
during the dry spells.
The farmers don't want a
handout. They want to get long
term loans and cheap money with
which to improve their situation"
declared State Senate President
Louis L. Goldstein. Democrat, Of
Calvert County, recently.
Senator Goldstein farmer
himself, is taking on the leader
ship role in seeking an answer to
the drought problem.
Builds Up Support
He has called for meetings of
farmers to build up support for
irrigation legislation now while the
farmers are watching their
stunted corn and tobacco wither
away to nothing.
Senator Goldstein himself has
gone to Texas law books to win
a better mountaineering with the
water problem and water legisla-
ton.
Other than riparian rights
under common law. there has not
been much water law built up in
the East. But a complex system
has evolved in the West where ex-
istance depends on irrigation and
water rights.
That the legal arguments over
water rights are complicated is in
disputable. One source recently
asserted that in some Western
States more money actually was
being spent on litigation than on
irrigation.
Marylanders have been slow to
accept irrigation, according TO DR..
Singewald and DR.. Paul Nystrom.
head of the agricultural extension
service at the university.
In Western Maryland, taps made
on the Potomac and its tribu-
taries have put some $500 acres
under irrigation.
Tidewater Maryland, hit hard
est by the present drought. itself
has an underground storage so
enormous that wells pumping
water for irrigation would be I'M
affected by droughts Of any prob
able duration, DR.. Singewald de-
clares.
I'VE have Sis million worth Of
facts to support our claims and
yet some farmers still won't be-
lieve us when we tell them the
water is there" he said. A vocif-
erous advocate Of irrigation, DR..
Singewald said studies made since
1888 indicate some 1900 acres in
Southern Maryland and $4,000
acres on the Eastern Shore can be
expected to be irrigated.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-25
SENATE

S 939. Amend section % of
the Interstate Commerce Act to
ensure that railroads could con-
tinue to agree together to offer
lower than published rates for
Govern ent transportation.
Adoption of conference report.
Kefauver, Democrat of Tennessee,
motion to postpone further con-
sideration of the report until
January 80. 1858. Rejected 1852,
August %. 1857.
AGAINST: Robertson, Democrat OF vir-
ginia; Beall Republican OF Maryland
NOT VOTING: Byrd Democrat OF Virginia.
absent; Butler. Republican Of Maryland,
paired against,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-25
BY DONALD SALTZ

The five-year- old community Of
Levittown in southeastern Penn
Sylvania's Delaware Valley is
described as the most perfectly
planned community in America.
Spread over a five-mile area of
what was rich farm land are neat
ranch-type homes, well-kept
lawns. modern shopping centers,
schools and churches and I'M
congested streets. This haven in
lower Bucks County is home to
$4,000 people.
Residents Of other suburbs may
have to fight for community neces-
sites and conveniences. but they
came in the bargain package pro-
vided by builder William J. Levitt
in Levittown. Such advantages as
parks. Fairgrounds and adequate
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-25
People Of WeII-PIonned Levittown Say
Money Fears Caused Race Disturbance

schools were included in the orig
inal plans and built along with
the houses.
In the main shopping center
are branches of a number of the
country's largest department and
food stores. banks, a post Office
and speciality shops. At this time
Of the year, the center appears to
be an elaborate summer resort.
Flowers and trees and benches
adorn the wide walkways.
Brightly colored stands outside
the stores add a county fair touch
to the picture. Whatever this GEN.
ter may lack-a 30-lane bowling
alley, for examples likely to be
found in one Of the other three
shopping areas.
Each Levittown homeland
there are over 15,000-is on a
lot about rs feet wide and $50
feet deep. All streets are paved
and lighted.
Prices Stort at $4,000
Homes range in price from $10,-
900 to $19.500 with the majority
of them between $11. 900 and $14.-
500. Those who bought corner
properties paid an additional $500.
The residents Of Levittown are
a solid middle class. They are
young. mostly in their 20s and
30s. and most families include
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-25
NEARBY VOTES

Votes of the nearby Maryland
and Virginia legislators on major
roll calls in Congress last week.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-08-25

LeDittOtDn, Pa, the ultimate
In planned communities, has
been In the headlines recently
as a result OF disturbances
oUer the purchase OF a home
BY a Negro family, the first to
come to that GH-tDhite COM
munity. The author OF this
background article on Levitt
totDn, a member OF The Stars
stat. tDdS there lDhen the dis
turbGnce began.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-04-19
Editorial
There's An Election Coming

The 1868 elections at this time long off
But before know it, those months will have flown by
We'll be in the thick of another Montana campaign.
years elections have far than the usual import
ordinarily attached to elections non-Presdenta
only the of this State be called upon elect
u Senator and two congressman but there will be contests
at least five state ofcesfour of which of great
porance all the people At stake two positions the
Supreme Court two spots the Railroad Public Serv
ice Commission, and the Supreme Court clerkship.
of recent weeks and days point how very import
people that both the Supreme the
interest above all other considerations But the public
tere has been taking beating at the hands of both the Pub
lie Service Commission and the Supreme Couras witness the
unfolding by month of the
Montana Power 327 natural increase rate
increase which the Commission admits approving without in
VeStigation
The Court by the narrowest margins 3d. contends
it not its function superse the acts of other depart
of state government and indicates that to the
Legislature to set standards for the Public Service Commission
observe determining whether not utility rate revons
order The Court major of doubtful techncaty
the dement of thousands of captive customers of the u
ties represents drastic departure from the historic popular
of the principal function of that
justice is done.
So far the Public Service Commission concerned, the
instances have been few in the last of when
ory of that board has done other than
along with major rate increases sought by uesand the
Commission has done without investigating determine
whether such usti
fled.
The Commission and the Court by their DECISIONS have cost
the utyuSing Montana public untold millions of dollars The
sit the Commission and the Court isn't early
begin seeking candidates who will strong defenders of
the public trust should they be elected to positions either
of these important state governmental bodies
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-04-19
1920 Retail Food Price Rise
Matches 1920 Drop on Farms

WASHINGTON, d. C.-(CNS)-
Retail food prices have jumped 1696
since 1947, while prices that farmers
get for the same items have dropped
1496, House subcommittee finds.
The group, headed by Congress
man Victor l.. Anfuso (D-N.Y.), also
discovered that the average city fam
lily spent 1000 for food in 1947 and
$1,000 last year. Food prices haven't
gone up that much, Anfuso explained.
Americans are eating more food and
more expensive foods.
OF the increase, farmers got $45,
fish importers got S55, and the other
$500 went to food professors. han
dlers, and retailers.
Anfuso, a Brooklynite and the only
Getty boy' on the agriculture sub
committee, said the report would help
in questioning food industry leaders.
Among other facts, the subcommittee
found:
that livestock prices dropped
29% in the 10 years while retail
meat prices fell only SO;
that wheat prices dropped To
in the 10 years while cereals and
bakery product prices rose 34%o
that farm prices for milk
dropped 1870 since 1852 while re-
tail dairy product prices are down
only go.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-04-19
Purpose of Investigation

Senator Mcclellan chairman of the Labor Management
Rackets Investigation Committee, has informed the Amer
public that what need right-towork laws We
under the impression that the normal of senatorial
investigation to investigate the facts hear testimony draw
report legislative bills the ills the
committee has been studying.
Unfortunately case hearings had
gotten off to good start Senator Mcclellan has seemingly
announced the conclusions of the committee.
We wish to point out that rightowork law has been
passed proposed remedy for labor rackeeerng Secre
tay of Labor Mitchell has declared that the ghowork law
does not have anything do with socaled right work
is, Secretary Mitchell has said fraud" smoke
screen designed to destroy collective bargaining.
1t regretable that Senator Mcclellan has joined forces
with Mccarthy and Godwater to recommend such legislation
won't contribute anything to the ending of what corruption
exists in the American labor and in American
agement.-OREGON DEMOCRAT.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-04-19
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
By GRETCHEN G. BILLINGS

neaded for the life of an interim group with egisIa
tive powers He worked with Attorney General Arnold
Olsen in 1868 to keep that interim committee alive.
Two previous interim legislative committees have
been unable to function due to adverse opinions from
the high court.
When the Superintendent of Public Instructions
office moved from the main floor OF the Capitol
to the basement it decorated in lively, service
able rather expensive fashion designed to last for
many years but the powers that were reckoned with
out the possibility of change in the color of the
Superintendent hair.
At a cost of about seventy dollars (Which isn't
great deal of money l suppose) the SPPs office is
covered with spanked-baby bottom-pink paper
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-04-19

terim-committee will be before the state supreme
court papers that have already been pre-
pared by Attorney Ralph Anderson, Helena have been
signed and returned to him.
Acting attorney Tor the committee, former
Supreme Court Justice Anderson will bring man
damus action to compel payment of claims of mem
bers of the committee. The claims have been denied
by the Board of Examiners.
1t is generally accepted the committee wanted their
status tested in the supreme court before they form
ally started work. Should they have proceeded and
spent considerable time and money and then someone
had taken it to court the members might have been
considerably out of pocket.
This will be the second time Ralph Anderson has
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-04-19
Everybody Up But the Farmers

Sen. Lyndon johnson D-Texas) leader of the majority,
made interesting comparisons of prices for the Senate
recently Starting with 1947 the first real peacetme year.
dislocations settled down.
Sen johnson noted the following changes prices
things that farmers must buy:
Gasoline up 1912 % autos up $50 tractors up
40% 10 gallon milk 70 %; steel fence posts
48 barbed wire, APPOINT up 51% poultry netting
$40.
Johnson then turned changes since 1947 the
important things farmers sell:
Wheat = down 2536; = down 45% Potatoes =
down Al % hogs down 42 beef cattle down 20 %
eggs - down 300; milk = down 81a5.-NFU NEWSLET
TER.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-04-19

ions that matched their members
savings, dollar-for-dollar up to $1,000,
and credit unions that insured their
loans $50 the debt dies with the
debtor" These refunds were 1870
on life savings insurance and 20%
on loan insurance.
In addition, CUNA Mutual paid a
go refund to individuals who hold
life insurance policies with the firm.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-04-19
cUhA Mutual Insurance
Refunds 20 Per Cent

MADISON, Wis (CNS) One
fifth of all the premiums that policy
holders paid to CUNA Mutual Insur-
ance Society last year have been re-
funded to them. These total $4,318,-
600.
Largely, refunds go to credit I'M
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-04-19

WASHINGTON - This was the
week of Post Office problems in Con
gress as service was slowed down be-
cause of necessity for a supplemental
appropriation to complete the fiscal
years activity. | am voting in favor
of such a supplemental appropriation
because | know everyone wants good
postal service. Further, plan to vote
in favor of continuing good service
in the post offices by favoring an
adequate budget to include pay in
creases for postal workers. The mail
carriers and clerks are the forgotten
men of government service. Com
pared to industry, their pay is low
and their hours are long. Many of
them with families are forced to seek
outside jobs or else their wives must
also work. With such substandard
conditions, there naturally is big
turnover of personnel, leading often
to substandard help and service that
is not as good as it could be.
AS I believe most thinking Ameri-
cans agree, to maintain freedom IN
the nation we must maintain freedom
of communication. First class mail is
one of our inherent rights of personal
communication. The three-cent rate
has been paying it's own way but now
is believed to be operating at small
deficit. Therefore, l am against a
increase in the rate in order to per-
petuate the increasing volume of
Junk mail which cutters our mail
boxes. "Junk" mail should pay it's |
own way and other post office serv-
ces should bear fair and reasonable |
apportionment of increase
Further, many people know that
money derived from postage charges
loes not go to the Post Office De-
,artment. 1t goes, instead, into the
treasury of the United States from
where such funds can be appropriated
or the relief of rich sultans in far
way lands or anything else besides
he post office. The post office oper-
ties on appropriations made by Con-
ress.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-04-19
One Vote Cost Utility Patrons--

the public against excessive rates
such as the Legislature set forth in
requiring due investigation" by the
Public Service Commission before
granting rate increases" Olsen con-
Guided.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-04-19
STATE FLOWER

MOntana's state flower, Lewisia,
takes its name from Meriweather
Lewis of the Lewis and Clark expedi-
ton. Better known as bitterroot, the
pink flower ranges from Montana to
Arizona.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-04-19
Continued from Page One)


into the valuations and money manip-
ulations of the utility companies. In
other places in the United States
where Public Service Commissions
have independently investigated util-
ity companies, excessive rates have
been avoided, and many millions of
dollars have been refunded the peo-
pie.
"These recent Montana Supreme
Court decisions relieve the Public
Service Commission of the duty and
obligation to conduct Independent in
vestigations in t o representations
made by the private utilities. The
courts minority opinion is sound law
and would have enforced this obli-
CATION. The minority opinion would
have required Independent investiga-
tions by the Public Service Commits
sion through its own engineers, ex-
aminers, experts, accountants and
other assistants, into the business of
the monopoly utility company. The
minority opinion would not permit
the Public Service Commission to ac-
cept the representations of these COM
panies on their face value only.
81 agree with the two minority
of the Court who declared
that it is clear that the intent of the
was that the State Public
Service Commission would, through |
its own agents, make full disclosure
of all matters under consideration,
so that the members of the Commits |
sion could then check and weigh the
facts developed by its own due in
vestigation as against the evidence
produced before it by utility
81 think there is no other reason
for having the Public Service Com
mission if they are not going to
investigate Independently the bust
ness affairs of these monopolies
before prices are fixed.
"These monopoly businesses are
lot like free enterprise where the
'rices the public must pay are made
" free and open competition. The
majority opinion strips the public of
he protection that independent in
estigation would make.
"The Public Service Commission
nay now grant rate increases on the
nipple representation by a private
atural gas or telephone company.
here is now no protection afforded
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-04-19

major legislative actions report as
being so completed was the Durum
acreage incentive bill, which I helped
push through the House. 1t is the
only piece of agriculture legislation
to become law since Congress con-
vened January 3, 1857.