davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-04

agency Agerpress said Con-
Stantinescu retains his govern
ment posts Of First Deputy
Premier and Minister Of Educa-
ton and Culture.
No reason was given for the
dismissals from the partys top
body. but the statement indi-
Gated they were instigated by
party First Secretary Gheorghe
Gheorghiu Del. the Soviet sat-
tellite's strong man.
The clusters were voted at q
Central Committee meeting held
from June % until yesterday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-04
UP
These alternate Presum members were raised to full rank

who also was fired from the post
Of secretary Of the party Central
Committee, and Miron Constan-
tinescu, one of the four first
deputy premiers.
The dismissals were announced
in a communique of the Ro-
manian party'S Central Com
mittee published simultaneously
with the communique from Mos
COW announcing the removal Of
four top men from the Soviet
party hierarchy.
The official Romanian news
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-04
Blond Mrs. Furtsevo
Is, First Top Woman Red

her face and gathered in a bun.
She uses no makeup and she
has sparkling blue eyes. After
she began to appear at diplo-
matte receptions in Moscow in
1856 foreigners noticed that
her style Of dress improved
sharply by Western standards.
She has a lusty sense Of humor
and brings it into play at off,
cial receptions.
In 1856 she visited Britain as
head Of a Soviet parliamentary
group, but she has never been
in the United States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-04

Substantial savings the shoes that bear the famous
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-04

18th 7th OK '44ss CONN. 'sIIs 18th
SILVER SPRING. Nd. open $50 to daily
ALEXANDRIA, VA. Open $50 to Thurs Fri
CLARENDON, VA. Open $50 to 9 Mon, Thurs, Fri
SEVEN CORNERS. VA Open $50 to $50 Non Thurs, Fri
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-04

collation. Of a scheduled visit to
Czechoslovakia by Mr.. Khru-
shchev and Soviet Premier Mix
olaf Bulganin, and poStponement
Of an aerial review originally
planned for q few days ago.
Diplomats reported that In the
past three days Mr.. Molotov,
Mr.. Malenkov and Mr.. Kagano-
vich had been absent from q
diplomatic reception and an ap-
|pearance at the Bolshoi Theater
when other Presidium members
were present.
Anti Stain Line Emphasized
Analysing the Pravda edi-
torial, State Department ON
cials were struck by its en-
lphaSis Of the determination Of
the party leadership to follow
the ti-Stalinist line laid down
at the goth party Congress in
Moscow last year. That was the
Congress at which Mr.. Khru-
shchev made his direct attack
on Stain.
The significance Of the ele-
ment in the editorial seemed to
be that Mr.. Khrushchev was in
control Of the party line.
Ever since Stains death in
March. 1853, there has been
periodic argument among top
American specialists on the So
Wet Union as to whether the
system Of committee rule which
replaced Stains Dictatorship
could survive.
Many officials have argued
that group control would last
for o long time because the
members Of the group remem-
bered wildly the personal win.
dictiveness and the paralysis Of
policy which characterized Stall
ms regime especially in its later
years.
Others argued that sooner or
later the board Of directors"
system would almost inevitably
give way before the authority Of
one man because there were no
built-in safeguards to prevent
this from happening.
Answers May Not Come Soon
Whether something like this
Is now happening is a question
for which the answer may not
be known for months or even
years.
The one point on which there
seemed to be general agreement
was that Mr.. Khrushchev, who
has sometimes been described as
FIRST among equals" or the
chairman Of the board" stands
out now as q very powerful man,
able to decide the fate Of those
who too long and too persistently
disagree with him.
His power still may be lin
tied by the reliance he must
place on other strong men. For
example, in the shakeup an
nounced yesterday, Defense
Minister Georgi Zhukov became
a full member Of the Presidium.
Marshal Zhukov. q World War
II hero. has for several years
in the post-Stalin period been
regarded as the chief spokes-
man for the army. And the
army is one Of the principal in
struments Of power in the pres
ent Soviet system, along with
the Communist Party.
What Mr.. Khrushchev does
now, subject to the restraints
which may be imposed by men
like Marshal Zhukov, probably
viii depend primarily on what
sort Of control he wants for him
self.
It Is possible he would prefer
to continue to operate as q kind
Of super chairman Of the board,
rather than to develop Q die
tatorship.
But it is also possible that as
future issues reach the point Of
crisis within the Presidium he
Twill resort more and more to
debating the decisions he favors.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-04
Romania Fires
z in Po|itburo

VIENNA, July 4 B.-Ro-
mania's ruling Communist Party
today announced the custer Of
Two leading members of its Po-
litburo.
Those were Iosif Chisinevsky,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-04
KhrushchevMore Potent
After KremIin Shokeup

Nka Khrushchev emerged today q more powerful
figure than he been-posbly with opportunity
building himself into q dictator
This the Of the situation
the wake of the expulsion yesterday officials
from the Communist Party leadership.
the partys Central Committee and powerful
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-04

OuSteo from the party'S Gel
Presidium, or Politburo, were
Georgi Malenkov, v. M. Molotov.
L. M. Kaganovich and Dmitri
Shepilov. They were accused Of
activities directed at breaking
up the party"
Since Communist Party Boss
Khrushchev has been the DOM
inant leader for several years.
the expectation here Is that the
custer Of the Consequently
because they wanted to return
to Stalinism in some respects
does not mean that basic Soviet
foreign and domestic policies
will be altered.
VIII Be Pushed, on Contrary
On the contrary, Washington
experts believe that the policies
Of peaceful co-existence," nego-
tiating with the West on dis
armament, seeking to extend
Soviet influence in Asia and the
Middle East, and trying to de-
velop Russia internally, viii be
pursued perhaps even more Wig
orously than before.
In the simplest terms, Mr.
Khrushchev appears to have
succeeded in Kidding himself Of
several mo" men in the Pre-
sidium, the policy-making body
Of the party and the real center
Of power in the Soviet Union.
The first official United States
comment on the shakeup came
from the State Department
where Press Ofiicer Lincoln
White said it demonstrates the
stresses and strains" under
which the Soviet system operates.
I'VE are naturally following
these developments closely" Mr..
White said, "for the effect they
may have on Soviet basic policy"
Mr.. White recalled that the
Russian press has reflected dis
agreements over policy on such
issues as reorganization Of the
Russian industrial machinery,
production Of capital goods VS..
consumer goods, promotion of
agricultural production and the
conduct Of satellite affairs.
"SeriOus Nature" Shown
The SERIOUS nature" Of the
disagreements, he added, is now
clearly shown" by the impor-
lance and the number Of the
people involved in the shakeup.
The clusters excited intense
curiosity in the highest official
quarters in Washington. While
there had been some sign Of
spectacular events in the making,
the actual removal Of men whose
names have been prominent in
Soviet leadership for years
struck this capital by surprise.
President Eisenhower met with
the National Security Council
yesterday afternoon shortly be-
fore Moscow Radio announced
the busters. There was specu-
lation the council discussed the
impending move In Russia.
White House Press Secretary
James c. Hagerty said later that
the SovietS had photographed
their intentions. Mr.. Hagerty
declined comment on the clusters,
but he replied certainly" when
he was asked whether the White
House had had any advance in
dication Of what was coming.
Pravda Editorial Cited
He cited an editorial in yes
terday's edition Of Pravda, the
Russian Communist Party's
newspaper. That editorial, pub.
hshed in advance Of the custer
announcement, said no Commu-
mist was too big to be expelled
from the party for straying. 1t
mentioned no names.
Mr.. Hagerty said that editorial
certainly gave advance notice
that they were having trouble
within their party"
AS two other advance indica-
tions that something big was
afoot, Mr.. Hagerty cited can
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-04
LOST

Scar On BODY: 18th G and Or Irving sms SIS
please. Phone AID. 4.o0S4.
CHECKS AND CASH, left in Pioneer
asSs' 's ~. M SS t %Ssaan' G Sii
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DOG. fox terrier. black and white. male,
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7.23l1. WA, 1.636S.
DOG, reddish blond cocker. in the ylein.
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DOG. English setter. white and orange
aay IN oinss; reward. 81. 4.Sios.
DOG, weimarener, puppy. 9 mos, old,
gray coat short hair, short stubby
j 5eIi' S.x1 isi aMOn's0m'r' Hiu'' reward
EYEGLASSES, IN pink case, vic. 18Th
EYEGLASSES, brown frames, IN red
case: Vicinity Irving ST. between oeor-
Eo aye T.se s9e s MCTnt r S. reward
reward. AD. S.Ie4i.
RING, amethyst and diamond: June 20;
reward. Call no. 2.4626.
sATcHEL, brown. leather, engraved I'd
Army, Double Champ. 1854; contains
rsSsrd RA. S:siso. lD' ."N '''
WALLET, black ALLIGATOR, lady's: We
license. pictures: VIC, oreenhrier st.;
turn other xaluabies. "a. 6.6b20,
WALLET, tan leather. eontainins per-
n sHnal papers; y money not found
ER. ' A1 issSSn T XII ts.4sssss. Ata' can
HAVE YOU FOUND A STRAY ANIllALi
LEAGUE. NO. 7.6730.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-09
Crash Costs Youth
Permit for 80 Duys

Juvenile Court Judge Orm W
Ketcham yesterday impoundeo
the driving permit of a 17-year-
old boy whose automobile
crashed into another car.
I'm taking this permit from
you for 80 days to remind YOU
that driving is a special privi-
lege.' Judge Ketcham told the
youth. Even though you were
not entirely to blame in this
accident, you have to drive
safely. and that means driving
with complete control of your
car"
The boys car left 48 feet OF
skid marks when it crashed
into the car of a woman leaving
a stop sign.
Judge Ketcham dismissed the
case of a 17-year-old Northwest
boy accused of drag-racing on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-09

ultraviolet radiation from the
sun by the blanket of ozone, a
form Of oxygen, which encir-
cles the earth. 1t has been
speculated that eventually this
temperature may become an
inferno Of something above
$500 F. This, of course, is a
very important matter for fu-
ture possible space flyers.
Thus far speculations of
physicists from radio data and
otherwise have been pretty
well confirmed by rocket flights.
The ICY program, however, is
expected to provide much more
detailed upper atmosphere tenn
perature data and to determine
definitely whether the earth is
enclosed in q translucent outer
sphere of flameless fire.
Tomorrow: Mans Hall Of
Mirrors.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-09

but much Of the information
sought can be obtained only by
using them.
A rocket itself, of course, is
lost after a single flight and
chances of obtaining the re-
cording instruments it carries
are quite small. But, as in the
case of the Weather Bureaus
lower altitude rawsondes, most
of the information recorded
automatically will be radioed
back to earth. The course and
speed of the missile will be
followed by a radio echoing
device known as "dovap," by
means Of which the scientists
expect to locate its position 100
miles above the earth at any
time with an accuracy of about
so feet.
Temperature Varies
A major job Of the rockets
will be to record temperatures
in the intermediate zone be-
tween the greatest attitudes
that can be reached in manned
balloons and theorbitS Of the
projected earth satellites. AS
one goes up. the temperature
drops rather steadily for about
20 miles. Then there is q drop
to SO followed by q sharp
rise.
Presumably this continues
almost to the extreme limits of
the atmosphere. 1t is due to
absorption of the invisible
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-09

Pennsylvania avenue after the
boy showed proof of attending
Trafic School at police head
quarters.
Juvenile trafic cases are tried
separately from delinquency
and dependency cases under a
policy recently begun by Judge
Ketcham.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-09
Acting Chief Named
OF Conservation Unit

MARTINSBURG, W. Va, July
9 (SpeciaD Robert r. Bowers
has been named acting chief of
the West Virginia Conservation
Commissions education divi-
sion, Director Warden NJ. Lane
announced today.
Mr.. Bowers, assistant chief
and conservation editor for the
past three and a half years,
succeeds Harold Lambert who
joined the West Virginia Edu-
cation Association as public
relations director.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-09
Tenth Of q Series

boutu OF Senet
.->-~~-~~---~-~-~
the international Geophysical
Year by more than 200 ascen-
aions Of instrument carrying
rockets in the United States
program alone. The number to
be fired by other countries has
not yet been announced.
Conventional balloon techni-
ques, like those used In weather
observations, do not extend to
attitudes beyond IS miles.
Studies of the upper atmos-
phere have depended on in
direct measurements. Accurate
Information depends. however
on direct measurements.
Rockets Used Successfully
Rockets already have been
used successfully to obtain such
measurements. A variety Of in
vestigations are included in the
program. Studies of the struc-
ture Of the atmosphere will in
clude measurements of pressure,
temperature, density and winds.
Special instruments will be
used to measure the chemical
composition of the air at great
heights. Particles and radi-
atoms from the sun will be
observed and measured, as will
the nature of particles occur
ing in the aurora. Variations
in the composition of the radio
rejecting roof of the world
the ionosphere-will provide in
formation on the electric cur
rents flowing in this region.
1t. Il. planned to launch about
200 rockets including Aerobees,
which reach an altitude of
about 200 miles, and rockoons,
which rise about so miles. Most
of the Aerobees will be fired
from Fort Churchill, Manitoba.
on the western shore of Hud-
sons Bay in cooperation with
Canada. and some from the
Army rocket base at White
Sands. New Mexico. At Fort
Churchill the Department of
Defense, in agreement with
Canadian military authorities,
have erected a 120-foot- high,
aluminium covered launching
tower. Here the major part of
the program of both countries
will be centered.
To Be Launched From Ships
Rockoons will be launched
from shipboard in many areas
including waters of the
Antarctic coastline. /. the west
coast of North America, along
the equator and in the Arctic
The basic program Will be
supplemented by launchings of
Nike Deacons, small rockets ar
ranged In two-stage combina-
lions. which will be released
from both Fort Churchill and
White Sands. At the top alti-
tude of the first stage rocket a
second of the same size will
be fired. Special f1rings will be
undertaken on days of unusual
activity on the face Of the sun
While rockets provide i'm
portant information about the
upper atmosphere. they have
two major limitations The
time of their total fight is
extremely short. The time
spent at a particular altitude
is even shorter. Second, rocket
coverage is limited to a small
part of the earth. They are in
q quite different category from
the long lived earth satellite,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-09
PROBING THE UNIVERSE
Earth Found GirdIed
By Blanket of Heat
BY THOMAS r. HENRY
Science Editor Of The Star

Far the earth nonmans realm Of hameess fire
is about 200 miles thick Parts of it hotter
inside of steel furnace There has been paradoxca
QUESTIONING however, whether this
would burn freeze to death 1t depends how defines
heat"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-07-09

~ form of oxygen. a family
blue gas with the pungent odor
81 chlorine. 1t absorbs the in
visible, heatless ultraviolet
radiation from the sun and
transforms it into heat.
This region will be explored
daring the next 10 months of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-20
Unit Plans Control
Of Errund Bows

Preliminary plans to set up an
defective system governing errand
boys at certain grocery stores in
the Northwest area were under
taken last night by the East
Central Civic Association.
The action by the association
follows that Of other civic groups
who have had problems with
young boys lettering around gro
Gerry stores and annoying the
public. The East Central group
plans to work with the store
authorities as well as the Police
Boys Club and the Junior Civic
Association in setting up a sys-
tenn with proper supervision.
In other business, the mem
Ibers were asked to give full sup
port to the evening adult pro-
grams set up by the District
Recreation Department at Ter
rel Junior High School. First and
L streets NV. The group also
recognized the need for super
Ivised organization for the young
girls of the area.
The m TING. conducted by
Robert w. Ewell, president. was
held in Scott Montgomery School,
AIS P street NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-20
Home Background
Of Pupils Stressed

Mrs. Ruth B. Spencer, men,
Der Of the Board of Education,
told the Brookland Civic Asso-
citation last night Of the need
for parents to supply their chill
dren with the proper cultural
education and to provide a
wholesome background for their
youngsters If they are to meet
the many problems of integra-
ton.
She also pointed out that
motivation and incentive" is
lacking. together with positive
programs Of action that deal
directly with children to show
them how to live and act in a
integrated world.
Mrs. Spencer also warned that
the Negro race should not be-
come too absorbed in integra-
ton to a point where their proud
history and culture becomes d.
luted.
William H. Thomas, president.
conducted the meeting In Lucy
Slowe School, Fourteenth and
jackson streets NE.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-20
Changes in Police
Pay System Backed

The Anacostia Citizens Asso-
citation last night voted to back
a proposed change in Metro
politan Police longevity pay
regulations, which would allow
policemen to earn the extra pay
for each five years on the force
whether they stay in the same
grade or are promoted.
Under the present wage ar
rangement, policemen get Ion.
gevity increases for the time
spent in a particular rank. When
a man is promoted. he loses
longevity pay earned in his
former grade.
The group also moved to in
dorSe resolution by the
Randall Highlands Citizens AS
ISOLATION that the public schools
revise their curricula to concen-
trate on basic education" such
as reading, spelling. arithmetic
geography and history and elm
mate diversions" in the class
rooms.
Both moves were proposed by
o. L. Bell. John w. Lainhart
president of the association, con-
Quoted the meeting in the Ana
costa Methodist Church.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-20
|ZeIIers Discounts
Tax Rise Through
School Loon Plan

Charles N. zellers. deputy SUI
perintendent of schools. said last
night that "he can see no reason
why the $40 million school loan
sought by the Board of Education
would cause an increase in Dis
trict taxes.
Speaking before the Petworth
Citizens Association, MIR. Zellers
said payments for the proposed
loan would be spread IS years
and the annual payment of prin-
cipal and interest would be less
than the present annual capital
outlay Of SIS million for school
facilities.
The total financing cost Of the
loan would be about $27 million,
Mr.. zellers said, but the interest
expense would be offset by the
fact that we can get the build
lngS cheaper now than we could
10 or is years from now"
This same program in 1885, y
he said, would have cost us only
$35 million - half the present
cost. We can't afford to wait any
longer. either from a financial or
educational point of view"
Mr.. zellers said Board OF Edu-
cation plan is not motivated by
any long-range detectives, but
rather by immediate needs.
To dramatic this need, Mr..
Zellers said that If all classrooms
needed were placed end to end,
they would form a line four
miles long,"
The meeting was held in the
Barnard school. Fifth and De-
catur streets NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-20
Indoor Recreation
Urged for Youth

4 The Central Northwest Civic
Association last night asked Milo
#. Christensen. superintendent
of the District Recreation De-
partment, for a gymnasium to
provide indoor recreation for the
youth Of the community.
I Introducing the resolution.
Joseph A. Brewer, chairman Of
the recreation committee, said
that Ito stop juvenile delinquency.
you have to take the boys of the
streets" He suggested that a
community youth center will
solve the problem.
/ The association also COM
mended Senators Nicely OF West
Virginia. and Morse Of Oregon,
Democrats, for urging Congress
to bring home rule to the District
and Representative Celler, DEM
ocrat Of New York. for his deter
mination to present a civil rights
bill at this session.
The meeting, conducted by
Amey J. Bundy, president, was
held in the Garrett Patterson
School, Tenth and U streets NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-20

the Washington Miami time to
80 minutes. They will make Hong
Kong, 5000 miles away, % hours
from Washington, ION the as
sumption, of course, that Hong
Kong will have an airport that
can receive the jets"
To-day" he continued, Hong
Kong, like Washington. has an
airport which cannot accommo-
date the big Jet airliners."
Cites Fares
On future airline fares, he
pointed out that this year the
average airline fare between here
and Chicago. first class, is only
$l.80 more than it was in 1898.
Coach fare is $11.30 less, he said.
THAT is why today there is
talk Of a moderate increase in
airline fares" he said.
On an International basis, he
declared that the Russian tax
payer is being called upon to
builda this let transport fleet,
mot for his own travel comfort
it is unlikely that he will get
to use it--but because such a
feet will be an indispensable
part of total Russian airpoWer. !"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-20

National Press Club luncheon
yesterday. he was bombarded
with questions-some facetitious,
some deadly serious.
One was what type of sound
proof1ng does the Alta recon-
mend for homes with the mis-
fortune" of being an airport
neighbour"
Mr.. Upton out-awaited a gale
of laughter, then agreed lit is no
laughing matter" He told of
efforts to reduce ground run-up
time. of changing patterns to
take planes over less populated
areas and of efforts to produce
sound suppressors.
Baggage Problem
He rolled with another punch:
what advantage is there in fly
ing to Chicago in an hour and
then waiting another hour for
baggage?" His answer was that.
compared with railroad time. it
saved the passenger l6 hours.
He then told of continuing work
to facilitate baggage loading and
unloading.
In his address. heard by a ca
pacity crowd, Mr.. Upton told of
the impact of the coming jet
transports-722 of them on or
der; Asst built in the States; 265
in other nations.
The civil transports we'll halve