davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-20
Doilies, Seorfs

- ovel NyIon bellies. 6xl2".
Were 75c. Nov IDLE
5 ovsl Nylon DeiIies. 6xl2".
Were soc. Nov use
81 Moehine-M Made Loes Seoris,
l5x34". Were 90. Now, sac
6 Sets Of Two Round Doilies,
Ia" n1ochine-mode lace. Were
LOO. Now --------32e
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-20
Sove On l0"
Reel Power Mower
list price S9.OS AVsT9

Briggs and Stretton motor, l.6 HIP,
FeeoiI stcFteS.
WGL-Gorden Shop, End Floor,
North Building +. also
Chevy Chose, Greenhouse.
Alexandra 0orden Shop
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-20

Pioioo OtlG (tCOl NOiOlos WIG NllOiIG
Of styles ond fobrics. Sizes 8 10 8.
II in regular stock $500 ond 1895.
81 ToppeTs in large group reduced
from regular stock. Wool tweeds, bos-
ket weoVes, crepes, fleeees and nov
city weoVes. Town shorties ond the
new longer short coot in white, red,
navy, oroy, lIoc, turquoise and yellow.
Sizes s to 10. Were 1895 to $500.
Now 90 TO $500
Sove One Holt on ToiIored and Semi
tailored Spring Suits. Washington
Store only.) Choose from wool fIon-
neIs. imported and domestic tweeds
and lightweight worsteds. Petite ond
reoulor sizes 10 TO Is in navy, beige,
croy and black. Nov, 24.oo 70 67.oo
WGL-Coots ond Suits, Bird Floor
=. also Chevy Chose,
7 Corners and AIexondrio
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-20
Remnants-FridGy Only
Mems Dress Shirts
We're 5.9S to 500
2.ss, 3 for $50

500 tomous manufacturers
eIoss-oui, many styles. Chiefly
eolon.
500 Silk Ties, neots, holds.
stripes, under the knots in roin-
bow OF colors. Less :ssan VI
price. Now SSe
$50 Mems Hsndkerehiefs. fan
cies and initials, linens and fine
eottons. Were soc to much
more. Now --- Use
40 Press Clean Ash Trays, in
GLIDING two refiIls. Much less
than "a price. Now 95e
200 Fine imported Linen Hend-
keFehiefs, foncies and white.
Were 200 to much more. Now.
95e
20 Sets Mems Imported Braces.
Much less than "a price. Nov.
Csc
WGL-The Mems Store,
End Floor
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-20

retunob exehongeobe sent COD or
telephone soed morred otherwise
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
BY JOHN M. HIGHTOWER

The Atomic Energy Commission
Is trying to develop a whole family
OF clean" hydrogen bombs and
cleaner" A-bombs. That achieve
ment-and officials do not yet know
whether it is entirely possible
would permit military leaders to
use the radioactive poison Of a
nuclear explosion in war deliver
ately--or not use it--according to
their needs and choice.
Scientists are not certain whether
they can remove the dangers OF
radioactive fallout to the point
where the weapons will be 100 per
cent clean. But in the view OF Acc
experts, the point of critical i'm
portance is whether the weapons
can be made clean enough so the
fallout will offer no serious threat
TO the human race.
President Eisenhower said at his
news conference Wednesday that
eminent scientists had told him
that they could produce a 100 per
cent clean bomb If they could 90
on testing four or five years. He
said scientists are working on pro
duction Of clean bombs" and. that
they are producing bombs with SO
per cent less fallout.
The President said he would
stand by the heavily conditioned
United States offer to join in ban
on atomic tests. But he clearly
thought there was much to be said
for continuing tests in order to
eliminate the fallout dangers to the
fullest possible degree.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30

that there could be no victor in a
nuclear war. he also declared what
We have to do is to keep that force
and that power that keeps that war
from happening"
The Presidents own heavy bur-
den of decision was plain in the
worried tone of his remarks. He
warned against the danger that
an agreement to stop tests might
have an adverse effect on efforts
to get the full peaceful value out
of atomic energy. THE question
is not black and white, it is one
where Judgment must be exercised"
Exactly what the clean" bomb
would mean to the future course of
the arms race was still unclear.
Obviously, an atomic attack with a
dirty" bomb-one with the maxi
mum possible radioactive fallout-
would have the greatest possible
effect on the target population.
But to military men trained in the
tradition of specific tactical objec-
tives. a clean" bomb would mean
the ability to extinguish an enemy
force with nuclear heat and blast
alone, keeping the attacked area
clear of radioactivity so occupying
forces would be able quickly to
move in,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30

ing the authority of congressional
committees. added fuel to the fire.
BY the end of the week, the adj
miniStration had acted swiftly to
clarity the issue arising from the
Jencks decision. Attorney General
Brownell came up with plan for
legislation to make available only
relevant" FBI information to de-
PENDANTS in criminal trials. A
Senate Judiciary subcommittee APP
proved the proposal on Friday. the
day after House judiciary SUBJ
committee had approved a similar
but somewhat more restrictive plan.
But congressional action work.
ing over the courts decisions was
not expected to diminish the grow
ing criticism of what has become
known as 1.-The Warren court" Sem
ator Eastland of Mississippi sug-
geSted impeachment of the Court.
The Attorney General Of New
Hampshire charged that the Con-
stitution was being tortured out
of all rational historical proper
ton" Much of the press has been
critical. And the halls of Congress
rang with speeches of castigation.
Much of the criticism, especially
that of lawyers. has been based on
the charge that the most contro-
versial of the courts recent deci-
Sions have blandly ignored the rule
of stare deciSiS. by which legal de-
cisions are made according to the
precedent of previous decisions.
But failure to rule according to
precedent has itself plenty of pre-
cedentS in Supreme Court history,
especially in the past IS years. The
late Justice Holmes minced no
words when he wrote: 1T is revolt
ing to have no better reason for a
rule of law than that it was laid
down in the time of Henry w."
Justice Reed, in his majority opin-
ion in Smith q. Albright. noted
that this court has never felt con-
strained TO follow precedent And
Justice Douglas. one of the liberals
OF the present court. recently
wrote Stare deciSiS has little
place in American constitutional
law"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
The Budget

Mr.. Humphreys revelation that
the budget surplus for the year
just ending would be $7OO million
under expectations of last January
came not as formal announce
ment. but an apparent slip of the
tongue during testimony before
Senator Byrds committee.
AS for the budget for the coming
year, fiscal 1858. the Mills subcom-
mittee said that prospects that Uncle
Sam will realize the Sl.8 billion
surplus estimated in January are
leSsening under the pressure OF
higher prices. The report added
further that such price increases
will make 1t difficult to hold the
line. even at Mr.. Eisenhower
much-criticized $7l.8 billion figure.
This fiscal fact of life apparently
was recognized last week by a SEN
ate Appropriation Subcommittee,
which despite earlier predictions by
Senate leaders that the budget
could stand as much as a SO billion
reduction. voted TO give the Defense
Department virtually all ($34.5
billion of the $348 billion it origi-
nally asked.
Despite the concern felt over
some elements OF the picture, econ
omists generally could agree on one
small morsel of optimism offered by
the report of the Mills subcommit-
tee: That "the economic outlook
for the remainder of 1857 and
early 1858 suggests continued
increases in output and income"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30

costly "vacuums of public need"
Some of the needs he specifically
mentioned were school construction,
slum clearance, traffic safety and
disaster aid.
The President told his audience
at Williamsburg, Va, that if the
States would themselves take care
of such obligations that have been
thrust upon the Federal Govern
ment, there not only would be a
tidy sum" in tax savings. but
there would also result an automatic
expansion of States rights.
Many of the Governors might
have felt. however. that, with record
spending in State capitals, there
was little they might do about
further filling these "vacuumS.
Gov. George Leader of Pennsyl-
vania, for instance, has put before
his Legislature SIG billion budget
three times the size of the l947
budget. Georgia, whose controls
on public spending are tighter than
any other State, is contemplating
spending-through an authority"
arrangement Sl60 million for
building schools. Even Virginia,
where pay as you go" has become
much more than a mere slogan, is
struggling with budget four times
higher than that of a decade ago.
But Mr.. Eisenhower had a plan.
He suggested task force" to
draw the lines between State and
Federal functions and their financ-
ing. There have been other task
forces" in this area. but their
findings have not been productive.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
Dulles Stand

AS if in reply. Secretary Dulles in
San Francisco speech. billed as
major" State Department pre-
nouncement, rejected any softening
in American policy toward Red
China. Mr.. Dulles remarks were
plainly meant to quell growing
pressures for a denomination of
the administrators quarantine"
of the Peiping government. tSee
stories by Earl Voss and Relman
NORM on Page A-27.)
United States policy, Mr.. Dulles
insisted, would continue to bar any
comfort" to Red China. Even Gull
tural exchanges were ruled out.
Such exchanges, the Secretary said.
would endanger the free nations
in Asia already exposed to Com
munist subversive activities He
made no mention of the contro-
versial ban on American news
coverage in Red China, although
reports persisted last week that
some modification OF that policy.
perhaps a limited pool" system
permitting a few chosen reporters
to go to China. was in the works.
Communism's rule in China, Mr..
Dulles declared. was "a passing
and not a perpetual phase. We
owe it to ourselves. our allies, and
the Chinese people to do all that
we can to contribute to that pass
ing" Therefore. he barred abso-
lutely any possibility of recognition
for Peiping. admittance to the
United Nations. or an easing in the
now-total embargo on American
trade with China.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
Taxes for French

French Premier Bourges-
Maunoury surprised everyone last
Monday when he forced tax hill
through tumultuous National AS
sembly on ISL TO 2l0 vote of
confidence. 1t was plain that the
angry Deputies were not voting their
convictions on the money measure,
desperately needed TO shore up the
tottering French treasury, battered
by the huge outlays for the sup
preston Of the Algerian revolt.
But defeat for the government
now would mean a new crisis. and
a long delay in ratification of the
common market and European
atomic energy pool accords, both
popular in France.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
Around
The World

On Wednesday, "a nations agreed
that the U. N. General Assembly
should be called together las soon
as practicable" to take up the report
on Hungary prepared by a special
U. N. fact-finding committee.
Despite the unanimous agree
ment, several nations expressed
reluctance to summon the session
too early. lest Soviet anger adj
versely affect the London disarma-
ment talks. Their reservations
defeated efforts by the United
States and Australia TO call an
immediate session.
The Hungarian report documents
the crushing Soviet armed inter-
vention last fall. when tanks and
troops of the Red Army ended the
anti-Communist uprising in Hun
gary and installed the government
of Janos Kadar behind Russian
bayonets.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30

began the World War II invasion
OF Europe. American troops could
move in quickly if the destructive
effect of an atomic bombardment
was achieved by blast and fire,
accompanied only by very short
lived radioactivity.
At the other extreme, giant
atomic explosion might be employed
in war to wipe out an enemy mani
featuring center and deny 1t TO the
enemy for months or years by
polluting the area with radioactive
material. That could be done by
using a dirty bomb.
One Of the questions which has
been raised with Government Off
Gals is whether the Russians as
well as the United States could
produce a clean bomb and II so
whether they could use it. Mr..
Eisenhower said in effect that he
hoped they would produce one and
II they ever used atomic weapons
in war he hoped they would use
clean ones.
Another question put to the adj
ministrations experts is why the
United States should not give Rus
sla the secret of how to make a
clean or relatively clean bomb The
Governments answer is that this
is not trick which can be turned
with a gimmick AS one official
put IL, This is not like putting a
cigarette lighter on the dashboard
Of an automobile In most respects
1t is a question of the internal
Continued ON Page A-2S
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30

Of the Red regime and urged the
critics to accept the opportunity
to remold themselves" Otherwise,
he warned, the wages of their sin
would be classification as enemies
of the people," which, in a Com
munist state, is notably dancer
Gus category for any citizen.
Serious shortcomings in the
nations economy, dreary prospects
for the tagging industrialization
program, and budget deficit in
1856 of l.8 billion yuan (about $3.50
million) did not shake Mr.. Chous
optimism. He expressed absolute
faith in the success of communism
in China, rejected bourgeois
tricks" like direct elections and a
multiparty system, and reported
that one out of every six counter
revolutionaries" arrested for anti
state activities had been executed.
He did not say what the actual
total had been, although Chairman
Mao recently was reported as telling
party leaders 100000 had been
slain.
Mr.. Chou saved a large part of
his speech for a harsh attack on
the new colonialism" of the United
States. But he said the world was
moving toward peace. although the
movement was threatened by 1.-The
imperialist policy of arms expansion
and war preparation under the
leadership of the United States"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
The London Talks

Harold E. Stassen, the Presidents
special assistant for disarmament
and United States delegate at the
London talks, was plainly sparring
for time. He offered once again
the American proposals for reduc-
ton in ground forces, made orig.
inally last April.
Under these proposals. new
international disarmament control
organization would be established
to supervise arms reductions dur
ing the first year of the program.
Certain conventional armaments-
their nature to be worked out later
would be deposited by signatory
nations at controlled international
depots. All signatory nations would
meet annually to discuss mutual
problems. A 14-nation board of
control would operate under the
general supervision Of the U. N.
Security Council to deal with prob
lens of enforcement. Ground. and
possibly aerial, inspection would be
administered by the board. which
would include representatives OF
five of six major powers.
The Soviet Unions Valerian A.
zorin was impatient with Mr.. Stas-
sens holding operation. Making the
most Of ready-made world forum,
the Russian delegate pressed loudly
for United States action on the key
proposals made earlier on control
of nuclear weapons teSting-pre-
cisely the question on which the
Eisenhower administration has been
obviously. if not openly, split.
Mr.. Zorin had formally proposed
to the London conference a 1.-TWO
or three year" suspension Of nu-
clear tests. The United States, in
a significant Softening of its earlier
adamant stand against any test
ban, had countered with a SUCCESS
ton for a 10-month to one-year
moratorium as a period for negotia-
tons looking for a cessation of the
manufacture of nuclear materials
for weapons use A week ago, it ap-
peared probable that from the two
proposals some compromise would
be worked out.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
THE WORLD SCENE
The Elusive First Step
THE WORLD SCENE

, Since March Is a United Nations
subcommittee. meeting in London,
has beenosearching for a first step
toward world disarmament that can
be accepted by both East and West.
In recent weeks. strong sentiment
has developed for achieving that
step and at the same time quieting
world wide fears of radioactive
fallout by negotiating a cessation
Of nuclear testing. There was some
hope. in fact, that the big break
in the talks might come last week.
But as the week ended, the con-
flict inherent in disarmament ne
gotiationS-the desire to get rid
of the tools of war versus the need
for self-protection, which today
means the ability to retaliate in
kind-waS still unresolved and the
first step was still far away. And
the possibility of a nuclear test
ban, which seemed so bright just a
week ago, had been clouded some
what by the dramatic announce
ment in Washington that a clean
bomb" promised the end of the
fallout danger.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
Presidents Position

The President had taken long
second look, and it was plain that
the Strauss arguments had been
persuasive. The President pointed,
for example, to the plea OF the
scientists that they believed they
could develop, in time, completely
clean" bomb-but only II they
were given four or five more years
Of unimpeded testing. He said the
group had insisted that develop
ment of small" tactical atomic
weapons depended on continued
testing. And, without saying just
how, he said the Strauss group had
told him that the continuation OF
testing was essential to the develop
ment Of atomic energy for peaceful
purposes.
Administration and congressional
supporters of some FIRST STEP right
now toward disarmament we're
openly dismayed by what they be-
lieyed was an Eisenhower retreat
from his earlier strongly pro-dis-
armament stand. They noted that,
although he repeated his belief
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
Supreme Court:
Aftermath

In the two years from 1866 to
1868. the reconstruction Congress,
miffed by Supreme Court decisions
that ran counter to punish-the-
South sentiment. temporarily
stripped the high court OF so much
of its authority that for a time it
no longer was coequal branch of
the Government.
That Congress. the same that
started impeachment proceedings
against President johnson. reduced
the size of the court from nine to
seven Justices to assure more
favorable decisions. 1t also withdrew
from the court the authority to is
sue writs of hdbedS corpus. Any
decision that drew censure from the
radicals led to widespread demands
for wholesale Impeachment of
Supreme Court Justices.
The court of that day accepted
such political curtailment of its
authority without argument and
with little dignity. The Justices i'll
effect agreed to hew the line.
Last week the court again was
under heavy fire from Congress and
conservatives, though there was
little chance that the current attack
would lead to such indignity as was
the case 80 years ago.
Southerners have kept up a
steady sniping at the court since
its decision outlawing racial segre-
cation in public schools three years
ago. Their forces now have been
Joined by others alarmed by recent
decisions striking at some basics
of conservative thinking.
The business community in
general is critical of the courts
ruling in the Du Pont-GM case,
which added a new, restrictive
dimension to antitrust laws. Those
TO whom internal communism is
still major threat. fear that the
courts decision for Ia Communists
convicted under the Smith Act and
the ruling IN the JenckS case re-
quiring access to the defendant OF
FBI files containing charges against
him constitute body blow at the
Nations security. The decision in
the Watkins case, sharply restrict-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30
The Byrd Hearing

The developments came as the
Senate Finance Committee. under
the Craftsmanship of Senator Harry
F. Byrd pushed ahead on what has
been advertised as the deepest con-
gressional probe into the relation
ship between fiscal policy and the
economy in half century.
1t appears that the Byrd inves-
tigation for some time will be oc-
cupied with assaying-critically for
the most part-the administration
tight money" policy. A shortage
of credit in a tight" market leads
to higher priced credit, just as a
shortage of meat results in higher
price for steaks. The consumer.
already burdened by heavy infla-
tionary pressure from other direc-
tions. finds that the items he buys
on time-a refrigerator, house.
an omobile-require more and
more dollars above the prices that
already have been inflated by heavy
demand.
The problem is a greater one for
Uncle Sam. The United States
Treasury. the worlds largest bor-
rover. is now paying higher in
terest rates than at any time since
the bank holiday Of 1888. The cost
of this borrowing is up 81 billion
since 1855, and Senator Byrd says
he fears that it ultimately may go
UP another SIS billion, to $40 bill
lion. This is complicated by the
fact that more and more holders
of Government bonds at maturity
are demanding cash instead of the
new obligation the Treasury Of
fers. Further, during the next year
SIS billion of other loans will
mature, and to entice the creditors
to accept a new issue rather than
cash. the Treasury will have to pay
dearly.
The first two weeks Of the Byrd
investigation have given signs of a
broad Democratic assault on the ad-
ministration's tight money policy.
The hearings star witness. Secre-
tary Humphrey. has come in for
some sharp criticism from the
panel. which includes such out
spoken critics of tight money as
Senators Kerr of Oklahoma and
Long of Louisiana.