davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1957-12-25
THoMAs |. sroKss
Labor Secretary on Defensive

George M. Humphrey. turned
UP soon after the missile and
earth satellite hysteria, 10
urge President Eisenhower to
pare down welfare funds.
veterans and farm subsidies.
The idea is to make up de-
fense funds out Of welfare
and thus balance the budget,
q sort Of fetish the Cleveland
multimillionaire has always
pursued.
This Is Q prescription SIM
liar to one now followed by
some 500 businessmen all
over the country They are
being invited by the United
States Chamber Of, Commerce
to q two-day eonvocation
here in Washington on jan
uary 20 and 80 to promote
budget cuts. These gentle
men are forehAnded. They
are ready to spark Q drive
on Congress.
1t is q good guess that vel
fare funds viii be slashed II
they have their way.
Since he is q politician,
Democratic National Chair
man Paul M. Butler may be
rrejudiced. but he has a
sort Of refrain that is
apropos. thus:
Never mind strengthening
social security, We need
missiles. Let's forget about
clearing the slums-we need
missiles. Never mind build
ing schools We can train
scientists IL the firetrap
schools we already have and
get more funds for missiles.
Health programs and medical
research. more hospitals2 No
search, more hospitals? No.
indeed. we need missiles"
You get the general idea.
Secretary Mitchell might get
the idea, too. But he keeps
his own counsel.
You are likely TO find him
on the firing line when Con.
gress gets back in town.
Evening star., 1957-12-25
DAVID LAWRENCE


Every year the same aspI-
rations are expressed. the
same hopes, the same pray-
ers--that there really may
come peace ON, earth and
good win toward men,"
But somehow the fears In
crease instead Of diminish.
The terror grows. and the
threat Of a war that could
devastate the whole world Is
openly discussed as q possi-
hility.
Is there an answer some-
where that has been over
looked or ignored? Could
something have been done
that has been neglected?
The big fallacy Is that Just
a few leaders control the des-
TIMES Of mankind and that
they sit IN positions Of gov
ernmental power.
Actually. the power OF peo-
Piles Is greater than that OF
governments. Just because 1t
has been habitual to nego-
tiate with governments. the
tendency now Is to cry out
for more negotiation-as If
something magic could be
achieved by sitting down with
men who are unscrupulouS
and begging them to become
transformed into men Of
kindness.
Villainy is not new in the
world. and war has always
come as Q result Of the in
difference Of nations to the
potential power they could
WELD over their own affairs
II they acted in concert.
There is no need to sur
render to the enemy govern
ment in Moscow-to plead
for a deal" There is no need
to throw our arms away and
beg for mercy as so many
well-meaning persons in
prominent positions seem to
advocate, though when con-
fronted with the true signifl-
canoe Of such a defeatism
they back away from it with
apologetic phrases.
The truth is that persons in
many countries, including our
own, feel frustrated. They see
nothing else to do but to talk
to the enemy and to trust to
his generosity. But history
Evening star., 1957-12-25
Arms Emphasis Held Sparkling Drive
To Cut WeIfore Despite Job Downturn

Secretary Of Labor James
p. Mitchell has moved into q
key position because Of the
unsettled domestic economy.
In this situation, the Eisen-
hover administration will
rely more heavily upon la
Dor. both politically and eco
nomicaily.
In view Of the growing de-
fense emphasis, the Secretary
win try to protect labor's in
terests. especially In the field
of social welfare. A strong
temptation will be to curtail
appropriations, even beyond
normal. Every year there is
a battle in Congress for well
fare program s. while the
champions Of education, for
example, have been in a los
ing fight in Congress all
through the Eisenhower ad-
ministration, and. indeed,
before that.
Once, 1t is true, the ONCE
Of Secretary Of Labor was a
bigger department. But that
was, indeed. several years
ago. A number Of functions
were removed from the Labor
Department, first during the
New Deal Federal Security
Administrator, and later
when the new Department Of
Health. Welfare and Educa-
ton became a separate de-
partment at the beginning of
the Eisenhower administra-
ton.
But Secretary Mitchell has
considerable prestige in a
rowing portfolio because of
his continual contacts with
our nations now bis merged.
single union. His Importance
has increased with union or
ganization. He has become a
sort of ambassador. in which
Evening star., 1957-12-25

role he speaks generally for
labor with government, even
outside fields Of government
in which he has no direct
connection.
Just now he and labor have
an intimate relationship due
to circumstances.
There Is an emergency Sit
uation. Necessarily. the Sec
retary Of Labor. representing
government. finds himself In
close client connection with
labor due to the downturn In
our economy and growing un-
employment. Then there Is
that strange paradox in
which the price spiral con-
tinues upward. as shown by
figures Of the Labor Depart
ment's Bureau Of Labor sta
tistics.
Carefully the Secretary is
watching the economic situa-
ton. He is concerned, but is
hopeful that this win
straighten out during the
next few months, readjust
itself and reassert its health.
The boom plainly got out OF
hand and expansion was at
too great q rate.
There Is another sign of
the .times-related TO the
economic picture and the
budget and the defense
crisis.
Because OF the need Of tn
creased defense funds there
viii be an attempt TO cut
down strictly domestic ex-
penditures. Labor is already
alerted to a drive on well
fare funds. Secretary OF
Labor Mitchell knows he
viii be on the defensive TO
protect programs In which
labor is interested.
An old familiar figure.
former Secretary OF Treasury
Evening star., 1957-12-25

tells q different story. Every
concession to the. tyrant has
resulted In q miscalculation
Of the supposed weakness Of
the mendicant state. II has
brought arrogance instead af
conciliation. II has actually
brought war.
The key TO the policy that
free men seek to establish Is
TO be found In the concept
that President Wilson first
proclaimed in April. 1917.
when he differentiated be-
tween the Imperial German
government and the German
people.
Today there is no resent
ment anywhere In the free
world against the Soviet peo-
piles. There Is no desire TO
destroy the lives Of the many
nationalities Of human beings
who occupy the vast terrain
from the Baltic to the Pacific.
There Is nowhere In the
Western world any covetous
government which seeks to
annex somebody else's terri
tory. The only desire Is to
live at peace with the rest Of
mankind.
The Soviet rulers, however,
want 10 control the govern
ments Of the West. They have
intervened In every country
with their agents Of III viii
and discord. They want rec.
ignition for what they cali
the status quo," which
means q sort of ratification
OF their conquest in Eastern
Europe. where they hold In
bondage the peoples Of Po-
land. CsechoslovAkia, Bul-
garia. Romania, Latvia. Iith-
uania. Estonia and Eastern
Germany.
The Kremlin leaders want
something more-they want
to anesthetize the Western
military forces. They want
to drive American troops out
Of Europe by means Of q
tricky negotiation. There
are some persons In the West
who would take q chance on
such crafty maneuvers-but
not President Eisenhower and
not Secretary Dulles.
Dictatorships win promise
anything to achieve their
Evening star., 1957-12-25
Reds and Socialists
Join Forces in ItoIy

ROME. Dec. rs R,.-Their
quarrel over Hungary apparent
ly forgotten. Itaiy's Commu-
nists and extreme left Socialists
have renewed their old alliance
Tor next springs elections.
Together the two parties hope
to Copple-or cripple-Italy's
center government. They failed
in similar attempts in 1913 and
1883 when Italy was less pros
porous.
The reformed coalition repre-
sents an abrupt about-face for
bald, bespectacled Pietro Nenni
and his important Socialist
Party. II is victory for Pal
miro Togliatti. resilient Com
munist boss who still hopes he
can make Italy go Red.
II also represents a setback
for foreign Socialists who saw
a strong nom Communist left
in Italy through unification OF
Nenni's Socialists with Giuseppe
Saragat's Social Democrats.
Insist on Break
Only a few months ago
Nenni was insisting he had
broken completely with the
Reds because of the Soviet
Unions suppression Of last
years Hungarian revolution In
his indignation he gave to
charity s25.000 he had received
with a Stain Peace Prize Ave
years earlier.
Nenni called the Hungarian
intervention "the gravest errog
made by the Soviet Union since
the 1917 revolution" He urged
the Saragst Socialists, who
broke from his party in ie47
In protest against his pro-
Kremlin policies. 10 rejoin in q
single strong Socialist party.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-10

lions in Hungary. Let the people
of the world see If they would
vote for COMMUNISM"
Urges Neutral Norway
Senator Knowland said the
West could keep its end of the
troop withdrawal bargain
Through an agreement neutraliz-
ing Norway, providing Norway
agreed.
Norway could join a Baltic
states neutral bloc" if Russian
troops were pulled from Hungary
he said. Knowland said he had
received no reply from Dulles
regarding his letter suggesting
the test.
The Senator said If the Hun
gary for Norway plan was sue
cessful. an exchange for troop
Withdrawals might be worked out
for Communist Poland and
Greece in the Western alliance.
On disarmament, Senator
Knowiand said it would be a
serious mistake to accept the
Soviets' word without effective
guarantees" Khrushchev said
in his televised interview that
the Russians we're ready to take
small steps toward world dis
armament instead Of a compre-
hensive agreement at once.
Senator Knowland said he
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-10
Dr.. MiIIicent Bingham
Honored by Amherst

DR.. Millicent Todd Bingham
teacher. author, decipherer and
editor Of hundreds of previously
unknown poems of Emily Dick
inSon, received an honorary doc
tor Of letters degree yesterday al
the 136th commencement exer-
cises Of Amherst College in Am
herst. Mass.
Mrs. Bingham lives at 1861
Crescent place NV. Her father
David Todd. was a member OF
the Amherst faculty for almost
so years. Her mother. Mabel
LOOMS Todd. was an author and
the first editor of Emily Dickin-
sons works.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-10

and a case due to some other
cause.
But a / per cent incidence
in leukemia would mean more
than 1000 additional deaths by
leukemia each year in the world.
Life Term Decreases
Scientists who have ex-
amined the information from
the survivors of the Hiroshima
and Nagasaki explosions have
estimated that radiation, even
small amounts. causes a de-
crease in life-expectancy of ap-
proximately two weeks per
roentgen." CA roentgen is one
measure Of radiation: a human
being receives an estimated is
lof a roentgen from natural
sources, such as cosmic rays. in
his lifetime)
AS to the effects Of dosing the
atmosphere with more radio
active materials. DR.. Pauling's
statement signed by the 2,006
scientists said:
Each added amount of radia-
ton causes damage to the health
Of human beings all over the
world and causes damage to the
pool Of human germ plasm. E. :"
But what about the danger
of war? While it exists, can the
United States risk a discontinue
ance in the weapons tests?
II am convinced that there
will not be a nuclear war. that
there never again will be q
great world war" Mr.. Pauling
said.
He said he believes he UNDER
stands the practical problems Of
disarmament, and does not
know how to solve them. But he
added that if the effort to solve
them we're commensurate with
the efforts now being made to
perfect weapons o destruction,
these problems could be solved"
He described himself as a
Humanitarian"
II believe that no human be-
ing should be sacrificed to a
project and especially that no
human being should be sacri-
feed to the project Of perfect
ing nuclear weapons in order to
kill hundreds of millions Of hui
man beings, to devastate this
beautiful world in which we
i've"
He cited the Biblical COM
mandment, Thou Shalt Not
Kill" and said:
Il thing that il I had been
born in another age, I might
have been a preacher. thing
perhaps l am preacher with
a scientific background"
He said he does not belong to
any church. but has delivered
sermons from the pulpit of a
Unitarian church.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-10
Disarmament
Plan Worked0n

American officials worked to-
day to smooth out q new dis
armament proposal for formal
upveiling at London this week.
Although the proposal was
substantially completed two
weeks ago. Harold E. Stassen,
President EiSenhower's disarm-
ament aide. returned here from
London yesterday with the plan
still not presented formally to
the flve-power conference.
During that time. he has con-
suited privately, individually and
informally with his British,
French, Canadian and Russian
counterparts.
Mr.. Stassen attended to per-
sonal affairs today-witneSsing
the graduation Of his 20-year-
old son. Glen, at the University
Of Virginia in Charlottesville.
That was the reason given for
his return, but it provided op-
portunity for another review Of
the plan in the light Of the pri-
vate consultations.
He meets tomorrow with Sec
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-10

wrong" and administrative" to
take the position that the United
States could limit nuclear testing
only as part Of a broader inter-
national disarmament agree
ment.
Some limit on testing could be
a step toward solving other arms
problems, he said. rather than
being part Of a package that
would deal with the other mat
tiers.
/ He said the United States
should do everything it can to
minimize testing now in order
to "buy time" to work out more
complete restrictions later.
If tests by all nations continue
to increase "geometrically" for
the next 10 years as they have
in the past 10, he said, the re-
suit will be very dangerous"
both to persons living and gen.
erations yet unborn.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-10
knoW|and Asks
Test Of Reds
Good Faith
BY the Associated Press

Senate Minority Leader Know
land wants to test the good
faith behind a proposal made by
Soviet Boss Nikita Khrushchev
to withdraw troops from Hun
gary and other Iron Curtain
nations.
Senator Knowland said yes
terday he had sent a letter sug-
gesting such test to Secretary
of State Dulles. The California
Republican appeared on the ma
tionally televised Face the Ma
ton" program on CHS.
The Senator's appearance fol-
lowed by one week the television
debut Of Mr.. Khrushchev on the
same program, and Immediately
after a special panel of two
newsmen and a diplomat re-
viewed and commented on
Mr.. Khrushchev's remarks.
4 In his appearance, the Com
munist Party secretary said the
Russians are willing to with
draw their troops from East
Germany, Poland, Hungary and
Romania If the West will with
draw foreign troops from Their
present bases in Europe. He de-
MED he feared satellite countries
would desert Communism in the
absence Of Soviet troops.
Sees Test Of Faith
Here's a chance to test So
Wet good faith" Senator Know
land told newsmen on the pane
show. HE has opened it up fol
u.s."
Under such a test, Senator
Knowland said the Russians
should agree to withdraw Their
troops from Hungary, where the
pro-Soviet government Of Jano:
Kadar was installed after revo-
lutions last fall.
Il do not think the Kadal
government of Hungary would
last a day or a week if Soviet
troops we're withdrawn" Sen
ator Knowland declared. He
said Khrushchev's proposal wa:
lust propaganda"
But Senator Knowland sale
we should agree to test the
Khrushchev troop Withdrawal
proposal.
He said we should tell The
Russian leaders withdraw you
forces and let there be free cleo.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-10

further tests Of weapons of
greater than one megaton force
"a million tons of INT.
If another nation should later
test one Of these weapons, the
California Democrat said, the
United States should be in a po-
sition to resume big tests in so
to 80 days.
Mr.. Holifield gave his views in
ABC's College News Confer
ence," emphasizing that he spoke
as an individual and not as head
of the atomic eneogy subcom-
mittee which has heard conflict
ing testimony on the fallout
danger from tests.
He said the subcommittee is
reaching no conclusions but is
merely compiling in one hear
ing record the best available
scientific opinion on the sub
ject.
In response to a question, he
said 1t would be Completely
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-10

rotary of State Dulles for fur
ther discussions.
On his return from London
Mr.. Stassen told reporters:
I'VE are slowly and carefully
making progress toward an
agreement for partial measures
constituting a first step in the
ornaments controls program.
I'VE are moving in accordance
with the policies of President
Eisenhower and Secretary Dulles
for a lasting peace there are
many problems remaining"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-10

didn't believe 'the Soviet Union
will agree to a system Of inspec-
tion." a step he said should be
part Of a full disarmament
agreement.
The Senator said he found
Constructive and interesting" a
proposal made by Senator john
son, Democrat Of Texas, for an
American spokesman to appear
on television before the Russian
people. He said if the United
States agreed to such a program
they should be assured that it
would be conducted on q fair
basis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-10

countries of the world, to thi.
appeal" he said in an interview
DR.. Pauling. 56-year-old Cali.
fornia biochemist, is a Nobe
Prize winner.
He announced last week thai
1000 American scientists signed
a stop-the-tests appeal that hi
wrote. 1t said radioactive ele.
ments. put in the air by the ex.
plosions. already are damaginf
human health all over the world
1t added:
AS scientists we have knowl.
edge Of the dangers involved anC
therefore a special responsibility
to make those dangers known
We deem it imperative that i'm.
mediate action be taken II
effect an international agree.
rnent to stop the testing Of al
nuclear weapons"
DR.. Pauling said he is nov
contemplating ways to enlist the
support of scientists everywhere
for this appeal.
Will Lecture in France
He leaves tomorrow for 9
lecture tour in France.
Il have made a vow thai
henceforth in every lecture Of
address that I give, no matter
on what subject, I shall mention
peace in the world he said
Circumstances just forced me
to write the appeal"
DR.. Pauling said that from the
first nuclear EXPLOSION he ha.
been concerned about the danger
of polluting the atmosphere with
radioactive material.
There has hardly been q
month since 1945 when l have
not made a public statement
about nuclear war;" he said.
His position, summarized, 1:
this:
l. People already are dying
from the effects Of fallout
radioactive particles carried BY
winds from the site Of the ex-
plosions.
2. The physical danger In.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-10
Pulling Hopes Scientists
OfWorId Will Join Plea
BY RELMAN MORN
Associated Press Writer

NEW YORK. June TO- DR.. Linus Pauline said today he is
considering calling the scientists of all included
Ito join his appeal for agreement to stop testing nucear
weapons
should like to the signatures of thousands of Russian
scientists of British and French scientists of all
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-10
HoIifieId Calls for US.
Halt of Big Atom Tests
By the Associated Press

Representative Hoeld Democrat California chairman of
the Senate subcommittee which Just concluded study of
radiation faou dangers United States to stop testing
big nuclear weapons.
Mr. Hoied said yesterday that erasng the
nuclear threat this country should
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-10

creases with each added dose OF
radiation in the atmosphere.
3. This danger is greater thar
the danger of war today.
4. Therefore, for both mora
and physical reasons, the three
nations possessing nuclear weap-
ons-The United States, Russia
and Britain-should agree tC
stop exploding them.
This is what he says on these
points:
1T is my estimate that the
bomb tests are causing now 1000
additional deaths by leukemis
"a blood disease) each year, and
even more by bone cancer" The
estimate. DR.. Pauling said, i:
based on report on leukemia by
DR.. E. D. Lewis. professor Of
biology at the California Insti-
tute of Technology, and or
Atomic Energy Commission re.
ports on faslout.
Births Affected
II am convinced that there
will be born in future genera
tions hundreds Of thousands Of
feeble-minded children. with
serious physical defects because
of the tests that already have
been made" DIR. Pauling said.
He said he does not believe
there is ANY significant dis
agreement" among scientists
about the question of fallout
damage.
Where is the danger level OF
radiation in the atmosphere?
THAT is something that needs
to be Interpreted" he said. DIR
(Willard) Libby (of the Acc
may say, as he does. that there
is no detachable damage done by
bomb tests. But he does not say
there is no damage done by
bomb tests.
II can't point out any single
person and say he has leukemia
or bone cancer because of the
tests. At the present time we
do not know how to distinguish
between a case of leukemia or
bone cancer due to the tests
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-06
|Three-Day
Legislative


A briefing on How Foreign
Policy Is Made" was one of the
events slated yesterday for APP
proximately SO member of the
Women's International League
for Peace and Freedom here
for their second annual legis-
lative seminar.
The three day seminar,
which began yesterday, is to
feature discussion of foreign
and domestic policies and their
analysis by experts both in and
out of Government. Purpose
of the seminar is to give the
delegates an overall picture to
take back to their communities
for educational and legislative
work.
The description Of "How
Foreign Policy Is Made" was
given by Mr.. Philander p. Clax-
ton, jr.. special assistant to the
Assistant Secretary Of State
for Congressional Relations.
Mr.. Claxton pointed out how
foreign policy is conducted at
three levels:
In cooperation with the For
eign Service abroad; Dome
stically, with other depart
ments Of government such as
the Justice Department, which
would be concerned with i'm
migration problems, the Agri-
culture Department whose in
terests would involve sale Of
agricultural products and dis
posal of SURPRISES abroad. or
the Commerce Department.
one of whose roles is the
stimulation and protection Of
trade; legislatively, on aspects
of foreign policy which should
have the participation of Con-
gress. such as treaty matters
and authorization and APP
preparations for mutual secu-
rity funds.
I Yesterdays schedule for the
busy delegates included after
noon tea at the National Wom-
ans Party headquarters at LA
Constitution avenue NE. and
an evening seminar session in
the Waugh Methodist Church
where they heard Mr.. Warren
Mullin give "a Reporters View
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-06

here for the meetings are
author Kathleen Norris of
California. Mrs. Adelaid e
Baker, educator and author,
of Westport. Conn.,; and Mrs.
Meta Riseman. civic worker
and camp director from Detroit
and president of the United
States Section of the WILPF.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-06

Of United States Foreign
Policy"
Other discussion topics will
include World Disarmament
and Extension Of Militarism. :"
Human Rights: Civil Liber-
ties and Civil Rights" and
Foreign Economic Aid"
Among delegates who are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-02-06

What makes them sleep welI2 Extro firm
ness across the mottress mid section
where 1929 Of the body weight iesl
This extra firmness keeps them on q
level surfoce-the only way person con
totally reIox! Spring Air coils this ex-
elusive feature the Health Center. You
can costly Locate it by the change in
pattern colornq.