davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-04

JERUSALEM, Mar. 4 (R.-
Prime Minister David Ben
Gurion gave the final orders
today directing withdrawal of
remaining Israeli troops from
Egypt. The decision brought Bit
ter demonstrations in Jerusalem.
Hundreds of demonstrators
marched through the streets de-
handing that the Ben-Gurion
government resign.
stop the withdrawal, the
crowd shouted.
Police squads clashed with the
demonstrators and made several
arrests.
The demonstrations broke out
as Maj. Gen. Moshe Dayan,
Israeli chief of staff. met Mai.
Gen. E. L. M. Burns, commander
of the United Nations Emergency
Force, to work out details of the
U. N. takeover in the GAIA Strip
and along the Gulf of Aqaba.
Their conference was at LYDIA
Airport.
Follows Meir Statement
A government spokesman an
nounced Mr.. Ben -Gurion in
structed Gen. Dayan to invite
Gen. Burns to a meeting this
afternoon Ito discuss measures
necessary to carry out the with
ldrawal Of forces In accordance
with the statement by the For
eign Minister. Mrs. Coda Meir."
The official said Israel also is
ready to withdraw her civilian
officials from the GAIA Strip.
The announcement was made
in advance of an appearance by
Mr. Ben-Gurion before the
Israeli KneSset tparliament at
which the grizzled old premier
was slated to reaffirm Israel's
decision to pull out of the dis
puted areas, trusting to the
United States and the United
Nations for protection against q
renewal of Egyptian shooting.
Mrs. Meir had announced to
the U. N. Assembly Friday that
the Israeli troops would retire
behind the l949 armistice lines.
But opposition to the decision in
Israel resulted in instructions
from Mr.. Ben Gurion to Ambas-
Sador Abba Eban to seek "clari-
fications" of the assurances
given by the United States.
Series of Cabinet Meetings
After a week end of cabinet
meetings and conferences, in
formed sources said the premier
had finally gotten his divided
governments permission to pull
the troops back.
The dramatic announcement
was made to newsmen at mid
day as Mr.. Ben-Gurion was en-
gagged in nonstop conferences
with leaders of political parties,
including the leaders of the two
parties in his coalition which
threatened to quit over the with
drawal issue.
Mr.. Ben-Gurion ordered the
Continued on Page Ala. Col. /
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-04
Police Clash
With Throne
OfMurchers
BULLETIN

LYDIA AIRPORT. Israel
P).-Maj. Gen. E. L. M. Burns,
commander of the United Ma.
tons Emergency Force in the
Mideast, tonight announced
agreement with the Israeli
chief of staff on withdrawal of
Israeli forces from the GAIA
Strip and the Gulf of Aqaba.
Gen. Burns announced the
accord after meeting for 10
minutes with Maj. Gen. Moshe
Dayan. He refused to divulge
details of the evacuation or
about the entry of UNEF
forces. asserting he was report
ing first to Dag Hammarskjold,
United Nations Secretary Gen.
eral.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-05
Senate Red Probe
Seeks to Question
Officers Overseas
BY the Aascciated Press

Robert Morris, counsel to the
Senate Internal Security Sub
committee, said the group has
asked the State Department tC
call two foreign service officers
back from overseas for question
ing.
Mr.. Morris said Chairman
Eastland. Democrat of Missis-
sippl. told the State Department
he wants to question them and
another foreign service officer
now in Washington regarding
faulty intelligence reports help
full to the Communists in the
past"
His announcement came as
Senator Eastland, releasing an
other installment of the subcom-
mittee's serialized annual report
said its Investigations show that
an element in Government
service has been able to subvert
United States policy and con-
gressional mandates to the ad-
vantage Of Soviet power"
Names of the foreign service
men were not made public.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-05
Writes
On Lost Decade

NICE. France, Mar. S (P)-
Sir Winston Churchill is about
to publish his views on what has
happened in the world in the
last decade, his editor and pub
Usher says.
Emery Reeves. currently Sir
Winston's host on the French
Riviera. told news conference
yesterday the former British
Prime Minister recently finished
a preface for an abridged version
of his memoirs to be published
later this year.
The preface. said Mr.. Reeves.
is a broad scale review Of atomic
problems. the cold war. Europe's
future. the United Nations and
the Middle Eastern question. 1t
was finished a few days ago.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-05
Martin Luther Film
Bon Defended
By the Associated Press

A Chicago television station
VICINITY, saws there is no prece-
dent or legal authority for Fed
eral review Of its license applica-
tons because it Cancelled a sched-
uled Christmas week showing of
the film Martin Luther"
WGN, Inc. presented this
argument to the Federal Com
munications Commission yester-
day in a reply to petition for
such review, filed by the Action
Committee for Freedom of Re-
liglous Expression, a Chicago
Protestant group. 1t asked that
the petition be dismissed.
The WGN company, owned by
the Chicago Tribune, said the
FEC has ruled repeatedly that
program content is the response
bility Of the station operator.
The action committee con-
tended that WGN-TV's failure to
show the film. produced by Luth-
eran Church organizations and
depicting the life of the 10Th CEN
tury Protestant leader, violated
the stations announced policy Of
presenting AL sides Of each i'm
portant public issue"
WON said the cancellation
was made solely on the consid-
cred judgment of the general
manager that it would not be in
the public interest to telecast to
Chicagoland homes during the
Christmas season program
which might be regarded as in
derogation or criticism of the be-
liefs OF any religious group"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-05

sion Of the bill and that amend
mentS be taken up at some time
later this month.
Mr.. Celler told reporters he
was able to work out an ar
rangement for beginning to vote
on amendments next Tuesday.
Mr.. Heating said he objected
to the delay until next week
but made no formal motion to
prevent it.
The chairman insisted after
the meeting today that he would
allow no dillydallying" next
week.
Meanwhile. a Senate judiciary
subcommittee completed hear
ings on civil rights legislation
after hearing Gov. James P,
Coleman Of Mississippi and
Senator Neuberger, Democrat
of Oergon. The subcon Mt .ee,
headed by Senator Hennings,
Democrat Of Missouri, but pre-
sided over today by Senator
Erwin, Democrat Of North Caro-
lima. gave no indication how
soon it expects to act on a bill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-05
|A-Power Carrier
Contracts Let
BY the Associated Press

The Navy has awarded con-
tracts for the main propulsion
machinery for the first atom
powered aircraft carrier and for
five nuclear-powered submarines.
The Westinghouse Electric
Corp. was given a $8,170,060 con-
tract to build steam turbines,
gears, condensers and other ma
chinery for the giant carrier
which the Navy hopes to start
building later this year. West
inghouSe was previously given a
contract to supply the nuclear
reactors for the ship.
The General Electric plant at
Lynn, Mass. was awarded con-
tracts to supply propulsion ma
chinery and gears for five atomic
powered submarines. The con-
tracts totaled $1l,376,3l5. AS
previously announced, the sub
marines involved will be built at
the Mare Island Naval Shipyard,
the Electric Boat Division of
General Dynamics Corp, the
Newport News Va. Shipbuilding
g. Dry Dock Co. and two at In
gals Shipbuilding Corp at Pas
cagoula, Miss.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-05
Parents Seek
To Shift Pupils
In Bus Dispute

AUGUSTA, Me, Mar. 5 (P).
Parents of about SO Catholic
children registered them for at
tendance in public schools today
in their fight to win public
school bus transportation for
their children.
Public school principals re-
ported today that the children,
now attending two parochial
schools. had been registered at
public elementary schools, but
not yet admitted. There are
more than 800 parochial school
children in this capital city of
81 900 population.
The largest group of prospec-
tive transfers, l6. registered at
the Webster School in the Sandy
Hill area, which has the city'S
largest Catholic population. City
officials said Webster School is
the least crowded of the public
schools and best able to handle
any transfers.
The City Board Of Education
last night reiterated its nom
attitude to the
Catholic parents.
Supt. of Schools Perry Shibles
told the joint meeting of the
City Council Finance Committee
and the board he was prepared
to offer an official welcome" to
all children transferring as a re-
suit of the controversy.
He asked that they be enrolled
by tomorrow.
Parents Of 600 parochial school
children signed petitions pre-
sented to the combined groups
last night by Mayor H. Lloyd
Carey, a Catholic and a supporter
OF the parents request.
They threatened to send their
children to public schools next
unless 1877 students at
the two Catholic institu-
tions are allowed to ride school
buses.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-05

field, Democrat of California,
Mr.. D'Alesandro was represent
ing the United States Conference
of Mayors. He is chairman of
its legislative committee.
Declaring that the Nations
protection should not depend
upon voluntary service, the
Mayor supported a bill by Mr..
Holifield which would create a
new department of civil defense
with cabinet rank.
II believe it is time to face the
reality that this protection
against nuclear attack is almost
impossible to achieve in time of
peace and prosperity" he said
Il firmly believe that some
thought should be given to re-
quiring civil defense service from
some of the people rejected by
the Selective Service Board be-
cause of physical defects.
They could we'll discharge
their civic responsibility in this
manner and not be completely
excused therefrom as under the
present system. Some recon-
pense should be provided from
Federal funds while so serving"
Mr.. HoIifield said the subcom-
mittee hoped to wind up its
hearings on civil defense legisla-
ton this week. He estimated that
more than 200 witnesses had
testified on the general subject
during the last two years.
He said the committee GER
tainly considered the proposal of
Mayor D'Alesandro, who served
in Congress for 10 years.
1T is our feeling" the Mayor
said, that the best civil defense
organization must emanate from
Washington. D. c. Thus far, no
real leadership has been pro-
vided to the local communities.
The Federal Government
must assume its full RESPONSE
bility for the protection of the
people of this Nation against
enemy attack"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-05

ScneQuleQ hearings ana meet
daily thereafter if necessary to
report out a measure by the end
of the week.
The committees ranking Re-
publican member, Representa-
tive Heating of New York,
charged that the postponement
was all part and parcel of a
strategy of delay to kill a bill
that cannot be defeated on its
merits"
He warned that this further
delay in the House committee
might seriously jeopardize con-
gresSional action on a bill this
year, especially in the Senate.
The full judiciary Committee
met in closed session for three
hours today to consider a civil
rights measure approved last
week by a subcommittee Chair
man Celler had hoped the COM
mittee would vote on some
amendments today and possibly
complete action tomorrow. But
a Southern member, unofficially
identified as Representative
Willis, Democrat of Mississippi,
requested that toGay's session be
confined only to general discus
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-05
Trade Peril Seen
In Sa|eofFa
Surplus Abroad
Bv the Associated Press

Ambassador designate David
K. E. Bruce says the program for
sale of surplus United States
farm commodities to foreign
countries is potentially danger
Gus" to normal trade and should
be re-aXamined.
In a report published today by
the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee. Mr.. Bruce called the
disposal program "a uble-edged
weapon" of foreign aid. The re-
port, on foreign aid operations in
South America, is one of a series
ordered by the committee.
Mr.. Bruce. a Democrat, is Pres
ident Eisenhower's nominee for
Ambassador to West Germany
His appointment already has
drawn some Republican protests
because of his reported contri-
button of $1,000 to Democratic
campaign funds last year.
His comments on the surplus
disposal program may add to the
controversy over his selection
Senator Aiken, Republican of
Vermont. a member of both the
Foreign Relations and Agricul-
ture Committees, already has
labeled the report as weak"
Report Scored
Senator Aiken said in an inter-
view that while Mr.. Bruce made
no specific recommendations for
abandoning the agricultural sur
plus disposal program his report
reads like he wants to kill it,"
I'm one who thinks this pro-
gram is worth all it costs us and
is less expensive than piling I'D
unmanageable farm SURPRISES at
home Senator Aiken declared.
Under the program, the United
States sells farm SURPRISES for
local currencieS and then loans
or gives the major part of these
receipts to the local governments
Tor economic or military projects.
Mr.. Bruce said in his report
that while the program has many
benefits for both this country
and the purchasing country. it
also could be dangerous to nor
NAL patterns of trade, and to the
ability of participating countries
to discharge other Indebtedness.
Sees Danger to Trade
Under wise administration
1t can do much to alleviate the
unfortunate effects of food short
ages in other countries" he said.
If used in dumping operations.
it can destroy existing and nor
NAL patterns of trade beyond
repair, and discourage multi
lateral exchanges of goods" And
he added:
Our desire to rid ourselves of
surplus agricultural commodities
should not obscure the foreign
policy and economic development
significance of that program.
Further study of these implica-
tons would seem desirable. in
investigation of the pos
sible merits of dealing with these
foreign currencies on regional
rather than a national basis"
In discussing foreign aid gen.
orally. Mr.. Bruce said he found
little merit in sponsoring a
financially dubious program q.
for its supposed political effect
in the borrowing country"
Nor is it believed that aid
should be extended merely in an
effort to meet foreign. and espe-
ciaily Soviet, competition he
said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-05
Mrs. Grace CooIidqe's
Condition UNCHANGED

NORTHAMPTON, Mass, Mar.
5 ga hospital spokesman
said today there is no change
in the condition Of the ailing
Mrs. Grace Coolidge, 70, widow
OF President Calvin Coolidge.
Mrs. Coolidge's condition
yesterday was reported as some
what improved" and the spokes-
man at Cooley-D ickinson
Hospital said there was no
change in that report. Mrs.
Coolidge is listed as in serious,
but not critical condition" with
what has been described as a
combined heart-kidney attack.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-05
Mayor Asks That '4-Fs'
BE Used in Civil Defense

Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro,
jr.. of Baltimore, today asked
Congress to require persons re-
jected by the selective service
system to serve time on civil de-
Tense duty.
Testifying before a Govern
ment Operations subcommittee
headed by Representative Holt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-05
ON CAPITOL HILL FOR 40 YEARS
Rights Bill Vote Delayed
By House Committee
By ROBERT X. WALSH

Civil rights legislation suffered delay Congress
today when Southern members Judiciary
Committee vote on bill until at least week.
Chairman Celler Democrat of New declared however
that the committee will begin voting proposed amendments
next Tuesday He served his group all other
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-11-08
Bakers Have Long History of Skill

whose bread did not conform to the
fixed weights for bread loaves. So to
avoid risking their necks, bakers
added an extra loaf to deliveries of
twelve, making good round bakers
DOZEN.
The lawmakers of Hamburg were
more imaginative. A baker whose
bread was short in weight and want
ing in taste. was made to sit III q
Bakers Gallows"-a large basket
that hung over canal. There was no
dunking. but the victim had to make
his wet way out of the basket and
onto the shore.
1t might seem that the whole world
was at war with bakers. But they
were also held in high esteem. An old
German law set the fine for the muir
der of a baker at three times that
of an ordinary man. Many bakers
became honored influential citizens
in their communities. Some became
mayors and burgomasters. Peter the
Great SO liked the cakes of one that
he named him Russia's Prime Mini
ster-Prince Menshikov.
Probably the reason you only oc-
casionally hear about baker attain
ing high office these days is that
we've grown spoiled beyond apprecia-
ton. We take fine bread for granted
and seldom give thought to the thou
sands of skilled men and women who
make it.
Artisans of an ancient trade, to-
days bakers are also technologists
who can adapt their art to modern
equipment and who know nutritional
possible values. More than anything
else, it is their knowledge that makes
possible the Is billion loaves of bread
consume each year
A case of mind over batter, you
might say.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-11-08

ported bakers from Greece. And they
treated them well, too-but not out
of mercy. 1t was just too easy fol
disgruntled bakers to poison THEN
masters bread.
With the rise of specialization in
the Middle Ages, baking parted COM
pany with milling. Bakers stayed in
side the tightly crowded medieval
town, close to their customers; mil
lers moved outside the city wall to
streams that could turn the mill
stones.
Although he was the butt of much
low humor and generally not trusted
(many burgher found "stone" meal
in his bread), the medieval miller is
credited with at least one invention
the windmill. Previously, grinding
power came from slaves, blindfolded
donkeys and running water. And you
can scarcely blame the poor miller
for cutting few corners, for hardly
had he put up his windmill than the
local baron declared a new tax-for
using "his'' wind!
Bakers Jared somewhat better.
Their long training commanded re-
spect. A young man who yearned to
bake had first to serve two or three
years at apprenticeship The work
was hard, the hours long and condi-
tions rough. Next, he had to travel as
a journeyman baker for three to five
years. If he survived his travels, he
then had to wait for a vacancy-and
only occurred when a mas
ter baker died. If luck-and age
were on his side, the candidate would
get bid, stand before a screening
of established bakers and
take his oath to 'bake enough al
ways.
There was good reason for that
path. Henry VII beheaded any baker
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-11-08
From LABOR'S DAILY

For centuries, the story of bread
is a tale of backbreaking toll, never
ending battle between man and earth
Mute testimony to the early origin
of this battle lies behind glass in the
Swiss Landesmuseum in Zurich. An
unimpressive round object that looks
like piece of badly burnt toast, the
thing" is the oldest piece of bread
in the world.
This grand-daddy of all bread was
baked-and Inadvertently dropped
into lake where it became imbedded
in muddy Stone Age woman
about 5000 years ago. 1t was still
there, we'll preserved in calcified clay,
when modern scientists dug into a
dried out lake bottom a few years
ago.
This primitive homemaker worked
hard for her bread. She had first to
collect seeds from barley, millet and
other grasses. Then she laboriously
ground them between two stones I'M
til they were powdery enough to mix
with water. The pasty result was
roasted on hot stone, covered with
hot ashes and-with luck-turned
out to be edible.
To the Egyptians goes the credit
for discovering leavening and using
the first real ovens. A fine loaf stored
3,40O years ago in the tomb of Prin-
cess Meryet-Amun is on display at
New York's Metropolitan Museum of
Art.
Breadmaking developed into
industry in Egypt. 1t was car
red further by the Greeks who OPP
ened schools for bakers on two
Aegean islands.
When the Romans mastered the
Mediterranean world, they wisely i'm
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1957-11-08
b LEVERNE HAMILTON,
Thompson Falls

The almost hysterical outcries on
the part of opponents of Paradise
Dam would naturally cause the aver
age citizen. who is not too familiar
with the manner in which Montana
political wheels go round, to believe
that the opposition comes from frank
and file' citizens. So, for the en-
lightenment of many who are, or
have been unable to "look behind the
scenes" in Montana political scenar-
los it is well to draw aside the cur
tain for a glimpse of the manner in
which Uncle Sans third largest state
is operated.
From considerable experience both
as a member and an interested specta-
tor of several sessions of our state
legislature one easily discerns that
Montana is largely dominated by five
major Hobbies. There are of course
many minor Hobbies but the five most
powerful are in the order of their
power and influence. The ACM, The
Montana Power Co., The Railroads,
The Insurance Companies, and the
Banks. Now we often hear criticism
of the co-operatives from these
sources but when any one of these
lobby groups requires assistance to
prevent legislation that threatens its
special interest or desires legislation
to further that special interest the
"big five" are masters in co-opera-
ton. The particular interest sends up
the smoke signal and the four other
tribes Immediately "rally round" to |
give aid and comfort wherever pos
sible.
Now it is notsnecessary to name the
lobbyists of these special interests, |
since many of them are familiar pub
lie figures and also the personnel |
varies at different times, nor do l
imply or infer that these lobbyists are
crooks, skunks or scalawags" as my
Did friend E. j. might insist, on the
contrary they are suave, smooth. pol.
shed gentlemen and most of them
7ery likeable personalities. However,
hey are employed by the special in
erests and the special interests have
irst clai mon their services, the in
erests of Montana and her citizens
re of secondary Importance.
Nor do these lobbyists, the most
prominent at least, resort to corrupt
nd illegal methods. Such methods
when necessary are delegated to !
minor or lesser known figures not
asily identified with the principals {
plans go awry. 3
Now you ask what has this l
spiderweb to do with the hysterical
outcries against Paradise Dam?
Just this: I
Paradise Dam constructed by the |
overnment would threaten the finan- v