davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08
Tito Cuts
The Arms Tie

The State Department. long
anxious to keep Yugoslavia a
e-or-less neutral window in
the Iron Curtain" has had TO
walk q tight rope in winning con-
Rressional support for economic
and military aid TO Belgrade. Yes
terday Marshal Josip Broz Tito.
currently aloof from the Soviet
bloc and recovering from a lum-
bago attack OH his Adriatic island
retreat Of Brioni. gave Mr.. Dulles
q new headache.
Too frequent "reappraisals" OF
the justification for American
aid TO Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav
president told American Ambas-
sador James Riddleberger, had
been "humiliating to Yugoslavia."
Therefore Belgrade will now reject
further military assistance. even
II rendered.
Significantly. the Yugoslav 10
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08
BY J. LACEY REYNOLDS


The island OF Okinawa, the
United States most formidable
outpost in the far Pacific. has de-
veloped into another of those irri-
tating problems that is causing
this country increasing discomfort
In the Orient.
Pressure for return Of Okinawa
and the other Ryukyu islands TO
Japanese control threatens to mar
still further the pocked complex
ion Of Japanese-American rela-
tons. The so-called "reversion
movement" has also become a
matter OF new strategic concern
in the current reappraisal of our
defenSeS.
Although Okinawa already bris-
ties with conventional ornaments
warning radar. Nike inStalla-
tons and the most deadly Jet
aircraft available - its power and
Importance have not been gen.
orally appreciated
However. the Russian Sputniks
have put IL back on the map. The
Soviet achievements in the sat-
ellite-miSsile field accentuate the
islands strategic value, both as an
advance warning outpost on de-
tense and as a launching plat
form for ofiense.
An Emerging Pottern
The return Okinawa" move
ment has been gaining momentum
among the japanese for some
months. as the Girard case I'M
folded and other anti-American
tensions developed The island
kept popping up in the news of an
interesting pattern of events. from
q number of scattered places:
. Tokyo. June 2l--Two hundred
students demonstrating outside
The American Embassy for a
japanese trial for Specialist SIC
William S. Girard. charged With
killing japanese woman. carried
placards accusing the United
States Of trying to steal Oki-
nawa."
Q Washington. June 2l-Presi-
dent Eisenhower told japanese
Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi
that the United States cannot
turn over to Japan administra-
tive control Of the Ryukyu and
BONN Islands at this time of
threat and tension" However. in
the JOINT Eisenhower-Kishi COM
munique. the President reaffirmed
the American position that Japan
does possess residual sovereignty"
over the Ryukyus.
. Washington. July 4 - Word
leaked out that Japan had pro-
posed. during the Eisenhower
Kishi talks. that the japanese flag
be displayed over Okinawa as
evidence of her residual sover-
eighty
. Tokyo. July 8-9.-Demonstra-
tors opposing extension Of run
ways at the United States Air
Force base at nearby Tachikawa
stormed the air field and later the
American Embassy. They screamed
Yankee monkeys. go home" and
carried placards and petitions de-
manding Pull out of Japan and
Okinawa."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08
BY SAUL PETIT

SHEBOYGAN, Wis.--After three
and a half years. the sound and
fury Of the country's longest ma
jor strike have subsidized into a
quiet war Of mimeograph ma
chimes.
Each side in the strike at the
Kohler Co, makers of bathroom
fixtures. continues to roll out OPP
posing statements. But the vio-
lence--the Shouting. the slugging.
smashing of windows and splat-
tering Of paint on private homes
has long since vanished. What
remains. among people directly
affected. is hate--deep, abiding.
stony hate.
But even hate has gone under
ground. After SO long time, 1t
becomes pointless to call your
netghbor names, to paint "scab"
on his sidewalk. to spit as he goes
by. You have not moved him, he
has not moved you. SO you lust
don't talk and you 60 ON hating
each other across 80 feet Of lawn.
Even now. 43 months later, some
marriages continue to break up in
Sheboygan because OF the strike.
Even now. 43 months later, BROTH
ers who split over the strike still
don't talk. don't recognize each
other on the street.
The striker whose son-in-law
went back to work at Kohler still
refuses to enter his daughters
home. has yet to see his two
grandchildren. The bridge clubs
broken by the strike are still
broken. The men who refused TO
usher together in church still
won't go down the aisle together.
Old friends who used to drink beer
together after work now 90 to
separate taverns.
Few people now discuss the
strike. Most try to forget it-with
varying success. For obvious bust
ness reasons. merchants and
town boosters shudder every time
the national spotlight focuses on
Sheboygan as a strike-torn town
and study in human tragedy.
But the spotlight is swinging
back. Early in January. the SEN
ate Rackets Committee is expected
TO take up the dispute. the early
violence. the national boycott OF
Kohler products by the United
Automobile Workers.
Plant Still Operates
The company. the towns big
gest single employer. continues
to operate with men who never
favored the strike. with strikers
who weakened and went back.
and with outsiders Most OF the
other strikers now work elsewhere.
But the strike goes on and so
does life in Sheboygan. To the
visitor. it appears no different
from many towns in the Midwest.
Its 5000 people. mostly of Ger
man and Slovak ancestry. have
ample lebensraum along the west
shore Of Lake Michigan. II is
rich in elms. Its streets are wide.
clean. unhurried. Inevitably. there
is the public square. the old &C.
tagonal bandstand, the monument
10 the Civil War dead
People are easy TO talk to
about Sputnik. about the Green
Bay Packers or the glorious Mil
waukee Braves. But don't mention
the strike. People .are alive TO
national and world problems and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08

in their classroom discussions
school kids are urged TO debate
many issues. But never the strike.
Economically. the town seems
to have bounced back from 1854.
when the Kohler plant was shut
down for 54siays by mass picket
ing. Some merchants still com
plain they don't see many Kohler
pay checks any more. but gen.
orally. says the Association OF
Commerce. retail sales are back
upNo their pre-strike levels.
The association also says no
major new industry has been at
tracted TO Sheboyean in the past
three years. probably because Of
the strike publicity. Various eff
forts have been made locally to
counteract that publicity.
One was called Greater She
bOygan. Inc group OF COM
munity leaders, some sympathetic
to the strikers, some not. But all
patiently were devoted to restoring
Sheboygan's reputation for seren-
ity and hospitality. Then the
head Of the group. a builder.
happened to install Kohler fixtures
in a new model house. That
ended Greater Sheboygan. Inc. {"
Only Token Picketing
The physical signs Of strike are
nov few. At the Kohler plant.
3 miles from town. there's only
token picketing. In town. the
JAW maintains strike headquar-
ters over Klein's clothing store.
directs Its national boycott.
grinds out strike bulletins, and
tries to keep the issues alive with
a Is minute. five DAY week
broadcast.
The strike began April S, 1854.
with the question OF union secu-
rity in the foreground and the
issues OF wage and pension in
creases and arbitration procedure
in the background. But the
original issues have long since
been obscured by the very length
OF the strike. by the resultant
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08

the Algerian question. With
Britain and France backing, as
had been expected. the French
position on the problem. there
seemed to be little prospect that
the Afro-Asian bloc could win a
strong U. N. resolution. much less
intervention.
The French have insisted that
Algeria is an integral part OF
France and that the nationalist
rebellion there. now in its fourth
year. can be settled by French
action. Foreign Minister Christian
Pineau has stressed in the debates
that the French Assembly has
already approved an Algerian re-
form measure. But Arab states
view the Paris offers Of changes
as too little and too late.
U. N. Secretary General Dag
Hammarskjold scored. a new VIC
tory for his talents at personal
diplomacy last week. In a quick
visit TO the Middle East. the per-
suasive compromiser ended a
tense deadlock between Jordan
and Israel over the details OF the
armistice agreement that permit
Israel to supply an isolated en-
clave--Mount Scopus--inside Jor-
danian territory. In the dispute.
Jordan had accused a u. N. truce
official Of bias toward Israel and
refused TO deal with the U. N.
team.
In a series Of talks at Amman
and Jerusalem. Mr.. Hammar-
skiold got Jordan's agreement TO
allow the resumption OF the Mount
Seopus conveys and renewed par
ticipation In the work OF the u. N.
Armistice Commission. He then
few TO Damascus. the capital Of
Syria. and TO Beirut. Lebanon,
where he talked with Foreign
Minister DR.. Charles Malik. The
Arab press speculated that the
U. N. leader was feeling out"
sentiment on q new try at q per-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08

employed tother than the cash
bonus to employees are: liquor,
turkeys. fruit. hams. lighters. cut
lery. cheeses, pen and pencil sets,
diaries. gift certificates. cookware.
clocks. clothing. radios. magazine
subscriptions. glassware. thermo-
ware. silver and stainless steel
ware. tools. weather instruments
lewelry, chinaware. blankets. wal.
lets and jams and jellies-about
in that order.
Until recently the biggest part
Of the Christmas giving Juror has
been created by the anti-givers.
These opponents Of the less
commercialized Christmas declare
the plush Christmas gift is in the
nature Of quid pro quo; that it
either amounts to an outright
bride. as might be the case if
Cadillac we're presented to a pub
lie Official. or it creates an obi
CATION such as might arise when
a manufacturer gives a case OF
Scotch to a buyer with whom
he hopes to do business.
They are equally panied by the
deluge Of taSteleSS and often I'M
wanted items which flood the mails
in December or are handed out
in gross lotS-the cheap plastic
ashtray with the prominent trade
mark. the small calendar topped
by an undertaker's warning that
its later than you think. the
bottle of perfume sent to Frances
Smith who is really Francis Smith
and doesn't use perfume. the tinny
mixing bowl with gaudy -colored
recipes on il.
Why not. ask the anti-givers,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08
continued From Page B-I

Continued From Page b.
NATO Coucil meeting. Mr.. Smith
remarked I'VE should not always
say no or 'nyet' to Russian
proposal"
But whatever the feelings Of
other NATO members toward talks
with the Soviet leaders, indica-
tons are that the American dele
CATION will go to Paris determined
% to refortify the basic British
American French foundation for
Western unity; ~ to meet Soviet
intercontinental missile strength
with NATO intermediate-range
missile strength based in Western
Europe. and 80 to brush aside the
Kremlin's bids for bilateral Rus
SIAN United States negotiations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08
Jnurux Anr
Business Giving Is Now Big Business

are ta) admitting they have per-
sonal ak to grind in promoting
business giving at Christmas. %
acknowledging their shortcomings
and tcl offerinS evidence OF ef-
forts to improve the commercial
gift concept.
Thus the pro-givers freely con-
cede they are motivated by more
than the Christmas spirit. They
want to improve business. But they
deny there is anything un-Christ-
maslike in the promotion of good
will or in expressing appreciation
for past business. And. according
TO the survey. these are the major
reasons why out Of 10 businesses
which give Christmas gifts do so
The pro-givers agree. too. there
is substance to the charge that
many commercial gifts are devoid
of taste or so blatant in their ad-
vertising as to be Immediately
consigned to the wastebasket. But
this. they contend. is being over
come in part. at least. by the
emergence of the professional gift
counselor to aid business firms in
developing effective Christmas
programs. Emphasis is now on
gifts which combine originality
with the personal touch. durabil-
ity. year-around usefulness. rea-
Sonable cost-and Subtlety Of ad-
vertiSing.
The Christmas eiverS vehe-
mently reject the notion that
there is the slightest relation be-
tween their programs and indi-
vidual gifts costing thousands or
even hundreds of dollars. Such
gifts. even though presented at
Christmas time, are not within
their definition OF business Civ
ing" And if the big gift is
form of bride. they add. those
bent on brlbing will find q way to
offer it Christmas or no.
Who Would Be Swoyed3
AS for the obligation" created
by the business gift, the pro-givers
trot out the latest survey figures
on costs which show the average
cost per gift to range between IS
and $40 and the median cost to
approximate 81. Is anyone in his
right mind. they ask, going to let
his business judgment be Swayed
by a $4-to-$l0 gift?
So far as charity is concerned.
the pro-givers believe people pre-
fer to contribute to their own ia
yorite cause rather than be Just
a name on q list Of contributors.
This technique. to them. misses
the point Of Christmas, loses the
personal touch. They also note
that in the past five years more
than 65 per cent OF American busi-
ness has increased its donation
to charity. while only 10 per cent
has lowered Its net rate and even
then the dollar volume may have
gone up. In other words. they
say. charity is not suffering due TO
the increase in Christmas giving
Finally. as clincher. one gift
maker declares that bad business
practices do not widely and con-
sistently produce steady growth"
And the facts show that business
giving has steadily crown.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08

TO the mans home, walked down
TO the basement. With brace AND
bit, the owner drilled up through
the bathroom floor. With fash
light. he showed his friend the
production date on the under side
Of the tub. Only then would the
friend believe him.
Just a few weeks ago the mother
Of a large family died. At the
funeral, all her children came-in
two clearly divided groups. TheJ
stood apart, they did not talk Il
each other. Some were still OF
strike against Kohler. Others hat
gone back.
Attorney John Buchen has beer
court-appointed divorce counse
in Sheboygan just the last 10
months. In that time, he can re-
call at least six divorces in which
the strike was a prime factor.
Then there is the family Of Jo-
seph Zaletel, 81. a gray, thin man
with striking blue eyes. who first
went TO work for Kohler In 1925.
Later two Of his five sons-Joseph,
ir.. and William-joined him at
Kohler.
BrotherIy Hote
Came the strike all three we're
out of work. Came the plant re-
opening in 1854 and only Bill went
back. His father and brother re-
fused to speak to him, looked the
other way when they met at st.
Cyril Methodist Church. Joseph,
jr. changed churches.
For two years the father re-
fused to see Bill, but, according to
other members of the family. the
mother saw her son ION the sly"
Bill brought over a shirt for
Fathers Day. His father scorned
it. i don't need your money" he
said.
But time meIlowed him-also
the fact that he became eligible
for social security and would
never return TO work. He now sees
Bill.
Il was mad for a long time"
says the elder Zaletel. But then
l see he's got his problems. too.
He was worried about losing his
house. I still don't like it-thaf
he's working for Kohler. But
when it's your son. you got to give
up. you got TO forget"
But Joseph Zaletel, jr.. is still
mad at Bill. intends to stay that
way. He has seen Bill only once
since the latter returned TO Koh-
Ter. and that was accidental. Last
summer he visited his parents
home and found Bill there.
All I said was, 'How's my
scabby brother?' He Just gave me
a funny kind of grin-that's all.
Ny father had a picture on the
wall showing him and me on the
picket line in the early days.
took it of the wall. I told my
father. That picture don't belong
in this house any more"
So now Joseph Zaletel, jr..
loyal union man, no longer visits
the home Of his father. a loyal
union man. because Bill Zaletel
might be there And Joe sees
none of his three other brothers
because. he understands, they see
Bill Zaletel on occasion.
And the strike at the Kohler Co
goes on.
tThe Associated Press
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08

verSy and soul-searching revolveS
around the .propriety Of the bust
ness Christmas gift
Is IL turning beautiful and
sacred tradition into hyper-com-
mercial routine? Do the big gifts
smack Of bribery? Are the little
gifts merely a taSteless method of
seasonal advertising2 Would the
money be better used II con-
tributed to charity?
You can find employers. bust
nessmen and corporation heads
who will answer yes" to all Of
these questions. And. in a more
practical vein. they may complain
Of the cost Of such programs. the
time expended on them. the prob
lens involved in mass VS.. selec-
tive giving. injured feelings when
some people receive gifts while
others do not or when the assist
ant manager gets a nicer gift than
the shipping clerk.
from CodIllocS to Colendors
But what gifts are the corporate
Santas getting ready to distribute
this year?
At one end OF the scale come
reports OF phenomenally big land
tax deductible) gifts. Such things
as q Long Island estate. an
Arabian stallion, a two-month va
cation in the Swiss Alps. teak
wood yacht with matching Jaguar
have been reported to be in this
category.
Then there are the not-so-big-
out -still-plush gifts like portable
bars. power tools, color TV sets.
aluminium canoes. crystal dining
service, silver knick-knacks.
Ar at the other end of the
scale come millions of calendars,
key chains, ashtrays, ballpoint
pens, memo pads, datebooks and
the like.
According TO one OF the most
reliable annual surveys the mid
dle-range sits most frequently
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08

a lot of money And it represents
a marked jump over the 5000 mil
lion that went into commercial
Christmas giving in 1850.
Nothing grows that fast with
out people asking questions. draw
ing differences and arriving,
whether by logic or leap. at con-
illusions. So it is natural that a
considerable amount OF contro-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08
Okinowo, Wanted by japanese,
Has Increasing Strategic Value

. Moscow. July l0.--Radio Mos
COW said Prime Minister KiShi re-
turned from Washington empty
handed. except for President Ell
Senhower's gift OF golf clubs. I"
Japanese national demands" for
return of administrative control
Of Okinawa and Bonin were
'rudely rebuffed." said the broad
cast. heard throughout the Far
East.
Q Okinawa. August SIN an up
set that surprised military on
cials. left-wing Mayor Kamejiro
Senaga. of Naha. won an cleo
ton that was held solely for the
purpose OF ousting him. In a VIC
terry statement. Mr.. Senega said
he hoped the returns would lead
America 10 revise its undemo-
cratic policy toward Okinawa."
japanese newspapers hailed the
outcome as evidence that Oki-
nawans wanted TO return to jap
aneSe control.
Q shington, August s.
Alarmed by the Naha election re-
turns. Representative Kearns
of Pennsylvania told the House
that agitation for "ReverSion" may
be expected 10 increase rather than
diminish within the next few
years.
. Washington. October IA
three-man delegation. led by Jo-
tara Kawakami. supreme adviser
OF the Socialist Party in Japan,
arrived with open minds TO get
a better understanding OF the
United States point OF view" But
they made ii clear that their party
stood for the return Of Okinawa
to Japan. The Socialists are con-
tinuing 70 beat the drums for
"ReverSion' upon every occasion.
Prime Minister Kishi's ConServa-
tive Party is prodded into taking
similar. II not as vigorous.
position.
o Tokyo. November 25-JapaneSe
urging the return Of Okinawa ac-
cused American military authors
ties Of denying the self-govern-
ment Of the Okinawans and tram
ping on their democratic rights
in bringing about the dismissal Of
Mayor Senega Of Naha by the pro-
American city assembly.
. Tokyo. Dec. "a rally at
tended by representatives OF the
Socialist Party and other organ
izations demanded the return Of
Okinawa and protested United
States interference" in Naha
More than 1000 students staged
a separate demonstration. $50 Of
them marching TO the heavily
guarded American Embassy.
SmolI Hot Spot
This sequence of events re-
wolves around a patch Of Pacific
real estate that is no larger in
area than-as one Texan put tt
"a miniature Texas ranch" 1t is
only 81 miles long and 3 to IL
miles wide. Its 453 square miles
of scrawny Mountains and
cramped valleys are covered with
curving rice paddles. sweet po-
tato vines. pineapple fields and
pine trees. Volcanic upheavals
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08
importance Grows

Aside from the Sputniks and
their military implications. sew
eral other developments emphasize
the defense importance Of Oki-
nawa at this particular iuncture
In Far Eastern affairs.
First is the recent withdrawal
OF American ground forces from
Japan. Second is the buildup OF
Communist power in North Korea.
Third IS the question OF the secu"-
ity Of FormoSa. That question has
arisen in Congress and elsewhere
as a result OF last Mays Taipeh
riot in which an uncontrolled mob
sacked the American Embassy.
Military men point out that
the real value Of Okinawa lies in
its geographical location. II the
Chinese Communists we're to
launch a Jet assault from the COM
pick OF airfields in the Shanghai
area. Okinawa would have as
minutes alert. BY comparison.
Formosa would have only Is min
utes. which gives little time to get
defending planes into the air.
Major General William Hipps.
Air Force Commander on the
Island. sums up Okinawa's Stra-
tegic location dramatically: From
there. We can now exercise air
control over an area containing
more than one third OF the people
OF the world. he says. Planes
presently stationed at Okinawa
can cover a 2.500-mile radius.
flaming out from Borneo and
Burma-to Tibet and across the
Great Wall Of China to Mongolia,
and north to Manchuria. Vladivo-
stok and beyond.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08
United Nations:
Deadlock

AT the United Nations last week,
the General Assemblys Political
Committee was deadlocked on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08

manent settlement Of the danger
GUS Palestine situation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-12-08

funnel the money which would be
used on such gifts to places where
1t will do some good-hoSpitals.
research foundations. scholarships.
charities or other non-profit
groups? This could be done in the
name Of those who would have
received the gifts and thus help
solve everybody's problems.
The 6iveS Fight Beck
Recently. however, the pro-
givers have begun to fight back.
AT least. the Gift manufacturers.
the jobbers. and their national
trade associations are doing more
than dish out general rebuttals.
With commendable sandor, they