davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1957-12-29
South Asiu

NEW DELHI. - Afghanistan, a
Texas-size country with IL million
people scattered over its arid
plains and mountains. will be try
ing TO digest large quantities Of
both American 1850 million) and
Soviet ($l00 Million aid next
year And 10 sit on the fence be-
tween East and West.
Next door. Western-allied PAX
istan will be wrestling with It's
old problems OF economic stagna-
ton and political instability. This
Moslem nation may hold Its first
national election since II cut loose
from British rule and separated
from India In lo47.
Neutralist India. kingpin In the
southern tier Asian nations. faced
a lack Of money to continue It's
second five.year plan. Only giant
size foreign aid will be able to
save even the core Of the plan. At
the same time India likely will
have growing Communist strength.
In elections last spring the Reds
won Kerala state.
The 10 million RBurmans who
also have been Mttins on the
Evening star., 1957-12-29
VIRGINIA
Politics, integrotion Dominated

The Arlington case was the first
involving actual requests by Negro
students for enrolment in white
schools. The State took the posi-
ton the students had to use the
placement law. Attorneys for the
students protested that the place
ment law was part of q scheme TO
foil the Supreme Court desegrega-
ton decision. Federal Judge Albert
v. Bryan agreed that the Negro
students should not be forced TO
use the placement law, and ORDER
ed their admission to the schools
where they applied. But he agreed
TO postpone enforcement Of his
integration order pending an ap-
peal. The appeal is due to be
heard January 8.
If Judge Bryan's integration
order had not been stayed. the
State would have had a chance
TO test the fund cutoff. school
closing laws during 1887. That
test still lies ahead, presumably
in 1858.
The De Febio Cose
The placement law. meanwhile,
was running into trouble from an
unexpected source. Mrs. Theo T.
DeFebio, a white woman living in
Fairfax County, refused to sign
placement applications for her
two Oldest sons. They were put
out Of school last April and have
been out ever since. The Virginia
Supreme Court of Appeals has re-
fused TO order readmission Of the
boys.
Mrs. DeFebio plans to carry the
case TO the Supreme Court. Fed
eral court rulings so far however,
have made distinction between
white and Negro students using
the placement law. holding that
1t discriminates against Negro
students because the intent is to
keep them out of schools they
seek TO attend. A Falls Church
white boy also has been put out
Of class for lack OF a placement
application.
The State turned loose two in
vestigating committees to go after
the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People,
and anyone else who might be
stirring up" racial litigation.
Both came to the general con-
clusion that the NAACP was
behind the segregation lawsuits.
One, the Thomson committee,
suggested that the local bar asso-
Citations should do something
about the situation. The other.
headed by Delegate John Boat
wright. accused NAACP counsel
OF violating the law by promoting
racial litigation. The General AS
sembly will be asked to authorize
continued Investigations during
1858.
Evening star., 1957-12-29

one advocated by Mr.. Dalton. Mr..
Thomson won decisively.
Republican leaders - already
committed TO local pupil assign
ment program-knew then that
their fall campaign was doomed.
II was q Disappointing outlook
from the start for Mr. Dalton,
who was given the COP. nomina-
ton by acclannation. His running
mates were Horace Henderson foi
lieutenant governor and j. Living.
stone Dillow for attorney general.
Mr. Almond, meanwhile, breezed
through the Democratic primary
with scant opposition, defeating a
perennial ONCE seeker. Howard
carwile. There we're some fur
rowed Democratic brows just be-
fore the primary when the un-
opposed candidate for attorney
general. Howard c. Gilmer. came
under fire for a dubious insurance
deal. But Mr.. Gilmer dutifully
stepped aside, and the Democratic
chieftains picked Albertis s. Har-
rison 10. take his place on the
ticket. 1t. Gov. A. e. s. Stephens
was renominated by the Demo-
Gratis for the number two spot.
The emphasis was on school seq
regation through the campaign.
Mr.. Almond embraced massive
resistance" and pledged TO do ev-
erything in his power to combat
mixing Of the races. He called the
assignment program a plan to le-
galize integration. Mr.. Dalton
called massive resistance"
massive myth" and predicted IL
would lead to mass integration or
closed schools.
II the Democrats needed a
clincher. they got ii when Federal
troops were sent TO Central High
School at Little Rock. Mr.. Dalton's
pleas for withdrawal Of the troops
went unheeded amid the Demo-
Gratis protests about forcing in
tegration with bayonets."
Outcome Of the election didn't
surprise anyone. Mr.. Almond won
by nearly two to one.
Hoffmon Said No
In court. it was a different story
Segregation's first setback came
when Federal Judge Walter HofI-
man refused to accept the pupil
placement law as an answer TO
the Supreme Court desegregation
decision. His ruling came in the
Norfolk and Newport News de-
segregation cases. and ultimately
was upheld by the Supreme Court.
But the Norfolk and Newport
News cases did not involve actual
use Of the placement law. That
test came In Arlington, where
seven Negro students sought ad-
mission TO white schools at the
opening Of the fall term in Sep
tember.
Evening star., 1957-12-29
The President

The biggest news about the
President this year. as in 1855
and 1885. was the state Of his
health. And. as q byproduct. the
growing importance Of Vice Presi-
dent Nixon as q force TO be reek-
oned with In the administration.
Five weeks ago tomorrow. Mr..
Eisenhower suffered mild stroke.
Although his physicians diagnosed
the case as "an occlusion Of q
small branch OF the middle cere-
bral artery on the left side" and
subsequently refused to describe
his latest illness in words more
understandable TO the layman.
most other doctors and the pub
lie have accepted 1t as q slight
stroke.
The illness gave new life to the
agitation, both In and out Of Con-
gress. for clarifieation Of the some
what hazy constitutional provi-
sions for determining when a
President is unable to carry out
his duties and who shall make the
determination.
When the word got out that the
President was laid up with some
thing considerably more serious
than q chill" there was immedi-
ate speculation about the possi-
bilities Of a long period of rule
by the Presidents "staff." headed
by Sherman Adams. Many feared
that the President might never
again be able to assume the full
duties of his ONCE. During this
Evening star., 1957-12-29

Continued from Page A-ig
fallen behind salaries In in
dustry. There is great need for
the American people To re-evalu-
ate the worth Of all teachers"
10. Do you think ony such ehonss In
volues Is responsible for on opporen,
Amerieen tendency to take who,
GOOD Is Il" view Of bosie reseoreh
DIR. Heald-"I do not think that
Americans generally are opposed
to basic research. The public does
not understand II too well and
consequently sometimes fails to
support II adequately. II needs
further public acceptance"
DR.. Bevis-"There may be some
attitudes toward basic research
that grow out Of the changes In
standards Of the past so years.
However. the general public atti-
tude towaA basic research Is not
Evening star., 1957-12-29
MARYLAND
Preparations for the '58 Roces

Although Senator J. Glenn Beall
has insisted he is going to run for
reelection. there still are many
who feel he may step aside for the
Governor next year.
Just whom the Republican,
outnumbered more than two to
one in the State-will put up for
Governor is still in doubt. With the
names of Representatives James
p. S. Devereux and Edward T.
Miller. Frederick Mayor John
Derr. and former Representative
Frank Small, jr.. in the ring. the
odds are on Mr.. Devereux to be
the standard bearer.
Morol Problems
The year 1857 has been marked
by q sort OF moral self-anaylsis on
the part of Marylanders.
The one local action that has
attracted the greatest Statewide
attention has been the legalizing
and licensing Of jai alai with pari-
mutuel betting by the Anne Arun-
del County commissioners.
In a unique step. the Legislative
Council early this month. without
study. voted TO support a bill that
would ban jai alai betting
throughout the State. The coun-
Gil refused. however. to take as
drastic an action in the uproar
over the licensing of a new slot
machine gambling casino on a
ship in the Potomac River just of
Freestone Point. Va.
Gov, McKeldin and Virginia
Gov. Stanley protested the licens-
ing of the ship by the Charles
County commissioners but the
Evening star., 1957-12-29
THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR

seemed closer to realization in
1857 than ever before. But hopes.
high in June, were dashed by
September and forgotten in Octo-
Der.
A FIRST step" toward inter-
national agreement On arms con-
troll really seemed within grasp
when Mr.. Eisenhower's special
representative. Harold e. Stassen.
went to London for talks with
the Soviet, British. Canadian and
French delegates acting for the
United Nations Subcommittee on
Disarmament. But the talks came
to nothing. their feeble chance of
success defeated by the basic dis
trusts Of the cold war.
Evening star., 1957-12-29

truce continued with both sides
openly ignoring the truce limita-
tions on arms buildups and the
basic question of Korean unifica-
ton no nearer settlement than it
was in 1858. In Japan. where
United states occupation has been
smoother than almost anywhere
Else, harmony was rudely disturbed
by the somewhate inept handling
OF the case of William Girard, an
American soldier who caused the
death Of a Japanese woman sea-
venging brass on an Army firing
range.
Evening star., 1957-12-29

council declined to interfere in
this local matter" and suggested
that Virginia take its own action
TO halt use of seven such casinos
operating Just Of her shore in
Maryland waters.
The legislature last winter also
passed bill that was signed into
Law by Gov. McKeldin repudiating
its 1885 compact with Virginia
giving her equal control rights
over the Maryland-oEned Poto-
mac. Virginia did not take this
lying down and the matter is now
before the Supreme Court.
Record Budget
The legislature, in the closing
hours of its 90-day session. passed
a record-breaking Sl63 million
general fund budget but avoided
raising taxes by rai6ing the sur
plus to the tune of nearly SIT
million.
Now fiscal experts and the Gov
ernor say the Legislature may
have to find up to S37 million in
new revenues in its upcoming 30
day session. And the Governor
has said he is ready to recon-
mend increasing the income tax
and sales tax rates by so per cent
to raise the money.
The Legislature. under pressure
from educational and civic groups,
also passed a Sl0.5 million bill
to increase teacher pay by S400
a year. but the Governor vetoed
this measure. The General As
Smbly will vote on overriding this
veto in its opening sessions in
February.
Measures that drew the most
comment in suburban Maryland
this year were bills reorganizing
and extending jurisdiction Of the
Maryland National Capital Park
and Planning Commission.
The bill Increased the member
ship from six to ten and gave
local governing bodies in Mont
gomery and Prince Georges Coun-
ties control over the appointments.
During the year the planning
commission adopted plans for the
general development of the area.
for development OF Cabin John
Valley and for growth and ex-
pansion Of the Silver Spring busi-
ness district.
School Furor
Probably the most extensive
suburban area news this year
came from the controversial GUST
er by the Montgomery Board Of
Education of Schools Supt. Forbes
II. Norris. DR.. Norris. whose four
year contract expired July 81, was
replaced by DR.. c. Taylor Whittier.
During the year. the new Atomic
Energy Commission headquarters
at Germantown was dedicated by
President Eisenhower, ground was
pAOhNh w Vic NOtOttldC ElCOAAAS
Power Co. for a new power plant
at Dickerson and the Kenilworth
interchange and the new National
Pike bypass Of Rockville were
opened to the public
A bitter controversy continued
throughout the year in Mont
gomery over the location of q
water filtration plant in the heart
of the residential Potomac section.
The year ends with the Washing
ton Suburban Sanitary Commis-
sion refusing to back OF from its
plans but agreeing to exterior
designs for the facility that would
cause the least disturbance tonthe
neighborhood
And in Baltimore, major boon
TO area motorists = the multi
million dollar tunnel under the
opened 70 the public.
Evening star., 1957-12-29

Continued From Page ALI
factions, the alarmed West re-
acted with Turkish border maneu-
vers and the Syrians. backed by
Moscow. charged an American
inspired plot to invade Syria with
q Turkish army.
In the Far East. American
policy suffered a setback In the
decision of Britain and France TO
resume trade with Communist
China. Another blow fell in May
when rioters In Taipeh. the capi-
tai Of Formosa and Of Nationalist
China, sacked the American En-
bassy and other United States
Offices in a frenzy of anti-Ameri-
can fury.
In South Korea. the uneasy
Evening star., 1957-12-29
THE DOMESTIC YEAR

brief period. Vice President Nixon
emerged in the role Of stand-in
10 the President aided by Mr..
Adams). and even held q press
conference In the presidential
residence.
But three days after his attack
the President attended Thanks
giving Day church services. Two
days later he took a two-hour
drive TO his Gettysburg farm. In
less than three weeks after his ILL
ness he was in Paris for the cru
cial meeting Of the NATO Council.
He has three more years in his
second term. Whether he can sur
vive the many trying moments.
the great decisions that will pre-
sent themselves in that time. Is
problematical. Although the White
House denies 1t, most doctors
agree that arteriosclerosis. or
hardening Of the arteries. was one
Of the causes Of the stroke.
This. plus the fact that Mr.. Eli
senhower Is a cardiac case. will
require the President TO avoid both
fatigue and emotional stress--both
OF which are prime occupational
hazards Of the presidency.
Evening star., 1957-12-29
CONTINUED From PAGE Al

AAl4uId W HANAAAtAt N0A ~
Meany: Get rid Of Hofia.
But the Transfers stuck by
Hoffa. and early this month the
largest and most powerful union
Of them all was expelled from the
AFL-CIO.
Hofia's election has been at
tackled by dissident teamsters in
the courts. and when the legal
battles are all over. II is expected
that he will be barred from as
suming the presidency OF the
Teamsters. But nobody Is count
ing Hoffa out. He has seemed to
lead q charmed life in the face Of
the broad assault on him and his
union. He was acquitted OF con-
spring TO spy on the Mcclellan
committee. Two weeks ago his
trial on wire-tapplng charges
ended in a mistrial.
Hoffa and his teamsters. because
of the unions strategic place in
the economy. are In q position TO
wage q civil war with the rest OF
labor which not only can disrupt
labor. but also wreak havoc In the
vital transportation industry. The
teamSters have promised that they
will not start such a war. but the
situation is now q virtual invita-
ton to hostilities.
The revelations OF the Mcclellan
committee were not such that
would create popular opinion ia
vorable to the labor movement.
Critics Of labor in Congress have
used the opportunity to bolster
their argument that more restric-
tive labor legislation is needed.
This Is a threat that the AFL-CIO
will be busy fighting during the
coming session Of Congress, and
perhaps in future Congresses.
Evening star., 1957-12-29
Answers to Questions

1. (a) Ia million.
2. "a Status-of- Forces.
3. tbl Valerian A. zorin.
4. Neil McElroy. Defense;
Robert Anderson, Treas
ury; Willia m Rogers,
Justice. a
5. (cl Virgil Blossom.
8. He is a member OF the
Supreme Soviet's Presi-
dium. But he wields his
power as First Secretary
Of the Communist Party.
z. (b) Gold Coast.
3. (b) Hussein.
0. Ted williams. 80.
10. 10 the birth date is oc-
tober II, i890).
Evening star., 1957-12-29
The Economy

ItG e&OSb0ttNI
One OF Mr.. Eisenhower's big
gest 1857 headaches was the record
peacetime budget (balanced by
SIS billionl of S7lo billion which
in January he put before a Con-
gress bent on penny-pinching.
Sixty-three per cent Of the pro-
posed spending for fiscal isS7-5S
was earmarked for the item known
as ,'protection"-nationa defense
and foreign economic and military
aid.
For almost seven months Con-
gress whacked away at the budget,
after many optimistic estimates
that it could be reduced by a.
much as IS billion.
But Il was a losing battle. As
fast as Congress cut. imitation
added unexpected costs 70 vital
and necessary outlays. By late
summer, when all the dollars cut
and the dollars restored we're
weighed against the ravages Of
imitation. there was already a hint
that there may be trouble even
In keeping the budget in balance.
For the average American this
imitation meant q steady rise IN
the cost of the necessities for
living. In two years the upward
spiral had raised the cost Of living
by July a total Of 6.3 points. OF
this. 26 points was added from
January to July, 1857. when the
Consumer Price Index stood at
1903. on q l947-4s base of 100.
In October. for the first time
in more than a year. the index
remained unchanged.
Meanwhile, pressureS had be-
gun TO let Up on several fronts.
What at FIRST had appeared to be
a "breather," as Mr.. Eisenhower
put 1t, seemed TO be fast becoming
a recession. Production began to
fall and unemployment began TO
rise. and. as a consequence, per-
sonal income declined somewhat
sharply. reducing anticipated tax
revenues In the latter part Of the
year.
The Federal Reserve System,
stalwart monitor Of the economy.
let up on its "tight-money' poll
icy and began to make credit
easier.
For the first half of 1858. the
mild recession is expected to con-
tinue. with higher unemployment
and lower production figures, be-
fore turning upward sometime
around the middle Of the year.
Evening star., 1957-12-29
The Arms ToIks

Disarmament. or more accu-
rately control OF armaments.
Evening star., 1957-12-29
A GLOBAL LOOK AHEAD
Lutin America

fence are cooling on communism
CHARLES c. LANE
Evening star., 1957-12-29
Toxes Withheld

The year saw a number Of other
Developments. The District took
its first crack at withholding in
dividual income taxes. Together
with q drop from $4,000 TO $1,000
In individual exemptions. this
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1957-03-26
Madison South In
FLA District 8
Meet At London

The annual F. F. A. officers
training meeting was held at Lon
don High School, March 12,1957,
lasting from seven until nine PM.
This was the district nine meeting
including six counties; Fairfield.
Fayette, Madison, Clark, Greene,
and P way, containing %
F. F. A. chapters, There were 100
boys attending. This meeting was
held for the purpose of better
qualifying the officers for their
different offices. The boys met in
the London High School Voca-
tiona Agriculture Department
and then divided into their differ
ent meetings. Subjects of discuss
ion were; Supervised Practice and
Cooperative Activities discussed
by the secretaries, Community
Service and SchoIarship-Vice e
Presidents, Leadership Activi-
ties-Presidents, Earnings and
Savings-Treasurers, Conduct of
Meetings -SentinelS, and Public
RelationS-ReporterS.
Officers present from Madison
South F. F. A Chapter were;
President-Tim Gates, Vice Presi-
dent-Roger Clark, Secretary
Dennis Reffit, who attended in
place Of Miles Patton, who was
sic c k, Treasurer-Don Seaburn,
Sentinel-Mike Finchum, and Re-
porter-Gerald Maggard. Robert
G. Phillips, the advisor at Madison
South, also attended.
Reporter
Gerald Maggard
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1957-03-26

GERS from % chapters. There were
six counties present. They were as
follows: Madison, Fayette, Frank
lin, Clark, Pickaway and Greene
counties.
Each different officer dis
.cuSsed different topics. The topics
of discussion were; for presidents
leadership activities, vice preSi-
dents-community service a n d
scholarship, secretaries-S upe r
viSed practice and cooperative
activities, treasurers - earnings
and savings, sentinels and student
adviSorS-conduct of meeting and
reporters dealt with public rela-
tionS.
The meeting came to order at
700 PM. and adjourned at 900
Pm.
Ronnie HowSmon
reporter
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1957-03-26
Good Plants Are
Result OF More
Healthy Growth

Wooster Good plant health is
an important factor to the farmer
in producing high yields at the
least possible cost, says leading
Ohio agronomist.
H j. Mederski of the Ohio Agri-
cultural Experiment Station says
one sure way to maintain this con-
dition is to set up the right kind
of plant environment. Plant food.
moisture and soil temperature are
the keys.
Since it is impossible to tell by
looking at soil whether or not it
is deficient in these nutrients,
some kind of soil testing program
was needed. Years ago agro-
nomists at the Ohio station devel-
oped a test that would determine
the plant food supplying capacity
of the soil. This test was widely
adopted throughout the United
States and improvements are still
being made to take out any guess
work in crop fertilization.
Placement of fertilizer at seed
ing time is important for good
crop growth, Mederski observes.
For years, farmers planted corn
seed mixed with the fertilizer. If
too much fertilizer was used
plants were damaged. If too little
was used poor yields resulted. To
get around this problem the Ohio
station developed a planter that
places the fertilizer to the side of
the seed. This allows more fertili-
ger to be used and gives higher
yields.
Different plants require varying
weather conditions, Mederski
points out. The agronomist noticed
that some sOybean plants turned
yellow in the spring and turned
green later in the summer. Re-
search showed if the soil tempera-
ture was below 65 deg. F. and if
the soil was wet, plants did not get
the necessary amount of mangan-
ese. This accounted for the yellow
ing. If the temperature of the soil
was raised to so deg. F., plants
increased their intake of mangan-
ese and turned green.
When grown in cold soils, GER
tain varieties of corn and tomatoes
do not take up enough phosphorus
and potassium for good growth.
Since heating field soils is too ex-
pensive, applying more fertilizer
overcOmes the drawback of cold
soils.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1957-03-26
Goes
For Friday Night
Shopping Date

Marysville = The majority of
Marysville stores were in accord
on a proposed change from Satur-
day night to Friday night shopp-
ing hours.
Nearly 30 firms will remain
open until 9 p. m. Friday and will
close at $50 pm. Saturday.
The move followed a town
wide survey, which according to
one spokesman, indicated that the
consensus of opinion among most
merchants was that Friday night
shopping hours would better bene-
fit the buying public"
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1957-03-26
Delaware Voters Will
Decide Bond Issue

Delaware-The Delaware City
Board of Education has decided to
submit a bond issue in the Novem-
Der election probably for a new
high school building.
Discussion so far tends to favor
a senior high school, Grades Z
through y are now housed in Will
lis High School here.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1957-03-26
Jonathan Alder
FLA Members In
District 2 Meet

On March II, 1857, district 9.
held its annual officers meeting in
the London High School Building.
This annual event happened to
some 109 newly elected FLA Off
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-29
Morrison Says
Savings League
Will Change Name

w. Franklin Morrison Of WASH
ington. president Of the National
Savings and Loan League. has
announced the league will be-
come the National League Of
Insured Savings Associations on
January l. with the main objec-
tive Of representing the interests
Of FSLIC member institutions.
About two-thirds Of the Ma
tons $500 savings and loan
associations are members Of the
FSLIC, a Government corpora
ton which provides insurance UP
to $4,000 for some 16 million
persons who save with insured
savings associations.
Mr.. Morrison said the change
in policy Of the National League
the result Of a year-long study