davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-26
Legal Fight Predicted
On Levittown Negroes

LEVTTTOWN. Pa, Sept. 26
R.-Legal action appeared to
be the next step today in re-
sentiment versus welcome for
this postwar community's first
Negro residents.
William A. Hughes. owner of
a vacant house directly behind
a Negro family residence, said
he did not believe it was a vio-
lation Of Bristol Townships
coming ordnance for a social
group TO gather in the house.
William Myers. jr., the Negro
resident, declares the group is
carrying on a war of nerves
against him and his family. At
his request State Attorney
General Thomas d. Mcbride
ordered State police to keep
a 24-hour watch.
Violates Ordinance
Yesterday, Henry Rolfes, jr..
township manager, said the
use being made of Mr.. Hughes
house was a violation of the
coming ordinance. He sent a
registered letter to Mr.. Hughes
own home elsewhere in Levitt
town advising him of this, but
Mr.. Hughes wife refused to ac-
cept the letter.
Mr.. Rolfes said that. once
the letter was accepted, Mr..
Hughes could be subject to a
SIS a day fine if it were found
that his rental property was
being used Illegally.
Mr.. Hughes said he would
turn the matter over TO his at
torney.
Mr.. Hughes. a 52-year -old
aircraft production worker, said
he bought the property in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-26
DOUGLAS HOPES
ARKANSAS ROW
STARTS Sd PARTY

ROCK ISLAND, III. R.
Senator Douglas, Demo-
crat Of Illinois. says he be-
lieves the Little Rock inte-
grafton crisis might provide
the spark for a third po-
litical party.
Il think there is a good
chance Of it," Senator
Douglas said in an inter-
view last night. "And I
would welcome it. 1t would
mean getting the Dixiecrats
out of the party"
Senator Douglas was In
Rock Island for a two-day
schedule Of speaking en-
gagements.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-26

Dogwood Hollow section behind
the Myers home about four
years ago.
Group Gathers
A group of about 20 persons
gathered at Mr.. Hughes Dog
wood Hollow house again last
night. They were described by
reporters as quiet. A spotlight
illuminated a Confederate flag,
which has been on the roof OF
the house since the group began
gathering there last Sunday.
A recording of "Old Man
River" blared continuously on
a photograph player. E. l.. vii
liams, who has been hired as
caretaker for the house, said
the first thing he did when he
arrived yesterday morning was
to put the record on the player
1t was still rolling along late
last night.
Mr.. Williams, whose own
home is about two blocks away
is unemployed. He has been
doing odd jobs around the
neighborhood. He said yester-
day a bed was moved into
the house and that makes it a
residence" apparently a refer
ence to Mr.. Rolfes' earlier
statement that the house was
being used illegally.
Mr.. Williams is vice presi-
dent of an organization whose
avowed purpose is seeking Mr.
Myers removal from Levittown
through legal means.
Mr.. Myers. an employe of a
Trenton, N. j.. refrigeration
firm. has wife and three
small children. They moved TO
Levittown in August.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-26
EISENHOWER
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
without unlawful interference"
"a policy he explained in his
television-radio talk to the
Nation Tuesday night.
Mr.. Eisenhower authorized
use Of Federal troops to help
enforce the courts indignation
orders in a historic executive
order Tuesday after mob dis
orders had forced nine Negro
children out of the school.
Under escort Of armed para
troopers, the Negro children
attended classes yesterday as
the President kept in touch
with the situation through tel
ephone reports relayed by At
torney General Brownell in
Washington.
THE President thought it
was good" Mr.. Hagerty said,
that the Negro school children
went to school and that there
was no outbreak of mob vio-
lence like those that occurred
in that city on Monday"
In addition to that resolu-
ton, the President received
last night a telegram from Gov.
Collins informing him of the
resolution and Of the names
Of the five Governors appointed
to seek the meeting with him.
Mr.. Eisenhower sent of his
reply from his vacation Office
on the Newport Naval Base be-
fore 8 am. today.
Mr.. Hagerty said he did not
know yet whether the Tuesday
meeting in Washington would
mark the end of the Presidents
vacation here or whether he
would fly back to Newport
afterward.
indefinite on Powell
Mr.. Hagerty said no definite
arrangements had been made
yet for a separate conference
requested some time with the
President by Representative
Powell, Democrat of New York.
Mr.. Powell. Negro clergyman
as well as Congressman, asked
to meet the President to present
the Negroes viewpoint on the
Little Rock crisis before Mr..
Eisenhower ordered use of Fed
eral troops TO enforce court
DEGREES for school indignation
there.
Mr.. Hagerty said the White
House had received a telegram
from Mr.. Powell yesterday urg-
ing that the Presidents confer
ence with the Southern Gov
errors be expedited as quickly
as possible for the total good"
Mr.. Eisenhower's first reac-
ton to the request of the South
ern Governors for a meeting
with him was made known
through Mr.. Hagerty late yes
terday.
"Of course" Mr.. Hagerty
said. "when a committee OF
Governors requests a confer
ence with the President, the
President will always see them.
I don't know what subjects the
President will want to cover at
the meeting. but at the present
time the staff at the White
House is trying to arrange for
such a meeting early next
week "
When asked if Gov. Faubus
would be included in the meet
ing, Mr.. Hagerty said bluntly:
mot in our plans"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-26

followed him and the teacher
told him to leave.
The third girl, Thelma
Mothershead. Is, iubilantly
told that she hit two homeruns
in a gym class. Since she had
no gym clothes, the girl said,
someone else ran the bases for
her. Asked If it was a white
girl, she replied, "Of course"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-26
Arub Denies Russio
Stocks Own Bases

NEW YORK. Sept. rs Up
Alden Khalek Haassouna, Sec
rotary general of the League of
Abdel Khalek Hassouna, Sec
that the Soviet Union is stock
ing forward bases by shipping
arms to Arab countries.
British Foreign Secretary
Selwyn Lloyd said Tuesday the
Soviet Union may be attempt
ing to pre-stock forward bases
for itself through arms ship
ments TO Arab countries.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-26
Porotroopers Stiffen
Little Rock Control

Tuesday from the Southern
Governors Conference at Sea
Island, Ga, broke his silence
last night to announce that he
would make a radio and tele-
vision talk tonight on the stu
alton here. In a written state
ment, the Governor said:
Il will make a report by radio
and television on the situation
in Little Rock and Arkansas
to my people and the Nation.
l have no further comment at
this time on the naked force
being employed by the Federal
Government against the people
Of my State"
Some Walk Out
A number of students left
the school after the arrival OF
the Negro students yesterday.
School authorities have not i'll
dicated any drastic action so
far against students absenting
themselves from classes or
Withdrawing.
The Negro students were
brought to the school and en-
tered through the front doors
after Gen. Walker had ad-
dressed the white students and
emphasized that he would use
all means at his command to
maintain order and discipline
inside the school and outside
The only incident during the
day in the school was a bomb
scare shortly before noon.
Someone informed school au-
thorities that a bomb had been
placed in the school. On the
pretext Of a fire drill the school
was emptied and the students,
including the Negroes. were
marched out and stood in lines
along the sidewalks. Soldiers
made a careful search of stu
dent lockers and other places
in the school but found no
bomb and classes were resumed
School let out at 3 pm, a
half hour early because Of a
teachers meeting.
There They Go"
The white students streamed
from the building while a large
crowd Of reporters and a
few people living just opposite
the school waited for the APP
pearance of the Negro students.
Minutes passed and suddenly
there was a shout from some
one There they co." A station
wagon escorted by soldiers in
jeeps pulled out OF an entrance
at the north side of the build
ing and sped away with the
nine Negro students.
Afterwards, Mrs. Bates, ar
ranged at a Negro community
center a press conference fer
three OF the Negro girls. The
three said they had mo trouble
Of any kind" inside the school
Minnleiean Brown, is, said.
Il enjoyed the day tremen-
dously and heard nothing UNI
friendly from anyone. l was
hesitant and waited until 9TH
erS smiled at us before smiled
at them. Everything was won-
derful."
Most Were pleasant"
Melba Pattillo, also Is, re-
ported that most OF the people
were pleasant" She said that
in her English class in the
first period one boy got UP and
said he would not remain in
the class while she was there.
He asked the others TO walk
out with him." the girl said,
land asked them Are you
chicken? Come en-"
The girl said no one else
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-26
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
som said attendance rose to
1850 today-100 more than
yesterday. He said enrolment
increased at the other two
Little Rock high schools as
we'll.
II think we will let the
figures speak for themselves, "
he said. They speak louder
than anything we could say"
Maximum enrolment at Gen.
trail High is 1000.
Maj. Gen. Edwin A. Walker,
commanding the troops here,
arrived at the school at $40
am. and conferred on the side
walk. lined by paratroopers.
with Col. William A. Kuhn, who
commands the paratroopers.
Several others were taken
briefly into custody yesterday,
but all but eight of them,
mostly teenagers, were released
later. The eight were jailed on
open charges.
Gen. Walker said:
There were minor incidents
around the school yesterday
There will be none when / am
through"
How long that will be no one
ventured a guess. Gen. Walker
said the troops would remain
until my mission is completed. "
A paratrooper ofilcer. asked
how long the regulars were pre-
pared to stay, tersely replied
Indefinitely. We stayed in
Germany for years"
Units Of the Arkansas Ma
tional Guards 153d Infantry
Regiment relieved the Federal
troops in the high school area
early last night. An Army
spokesman said this was only a
temporary move.
The Arkansas National Guard
was federalized on orders Of
President Eisenhower. and its
force, totaling about 5000 men
in various units, was placed al
the disposal Of Gen. Walker.
$500 on Active Duty
However. only part of the
1880 Regiment was placed on
active duty. They totaled about
1900 officers and men.
Other units were left at home
on standby orders, but there
was no indication they would be
placed on duty.
The $3.50 Regiment contains
no members from Little Rock
Units of the National Guard
from Little Rock we're called OUT
three weeks ago by Gov. Orval
z. Faubus and were used at the
school to prevent. rather than
enforce, Indignation.
The events at the school yes
terday showed that the para
troopers. brought here Tuesday
from their home base at Camp
Campbell, KY. not only were
tough but went about their joh
in the regular army way Of
professional soldiers.
Pictures Shock City
They tolerated no lettering OF
any gathering OF onlookers
within a two-block radius oil
the school.
Pictures OF the clubbing anc
troops driving people, includ-
ing girls and boys, before then
at the point Of bayonets came
as a shock 10 many here. 81
never thought would live tc
see that in Little Rock" more
than one said.
Gov. Faubus, who has beer
in seclusion in the Executive
Mansion since his return late
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06

the daily process Of political and govern
mental decisions"
For this reason" he says. 'plans for .
region must be developed, discussed, COM
promised and adopted as community COM
mitment by the entire area-not BY q few
idealists and consultants
There should be no oficial planning
independent Of the power to act, and no
ofhcial power to act without planning.
Specifically, the day has passed when any
major decision as to the pattern Of region
or the location Of IS major circulation :.
can be made without such planning"
Granted that regional planning" Is
needed. however, must the diverse, inde-
pendent jurisdictions also come together
for joint political action?
This, most experts agree, is the question
each jurisdiction must answer for itself.
Mr.. Gulick Is among those who insist
that drastic new forms Of regional govern
Inent are essential. Entirely aside from the
choice Of efficient operation and elimination
Of waste, he says. joint political action on
the widest possible scale is q must
No longer, he argues, can each small
jurisdiction be permitted the privilege Of
dividing regional water resources, disposingN
Of its own sewage and refuse or maintaining
subnormal standards Of health, crime or FIRE
protection to q point which jeopardizes
their defenseless neighbors"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06

bad. they concluded. win depend mainly on
two things:
Whether metro regions develop long,
range plans TO guide future development.
. Whether they develop new kinds Of
cooperative regional machinery to carry
out the plans.
Proper planning Tor the use Of land is
essential to solution OF the highway prob
lem and Of many other problems raised BY
metro growth.
without land use controls. land win
become overcrcwded, haphazard and con-
fiicting uses Of land win lead to blight.
Open spaces win disappear There win be
no land left for regional parks for industries
that produces tax revenue, for airports,
hospitals or Government ofaces. And cities,
squeezed in the center Of the expansion,
wiz stagnate.
What can be done about It?
The only real answer, the experts say,
Is q arm plan that win designate specific
uses, and intensities Of uses, for all the
vacant land in q region. The plan should
be meshed closely with transportation and
utility systems. It should establish definite
relationships between the central city and
its suburbs. And TO be effective. 1t must have
the unified. intense support Of governing
bodies throughout the region.
Areo Of ,AnoFehy
Architectural Forum magazine calls the
gap between regional planning and govern
mental action the "untouchable anarchy"
in the metro picture.
Luther 0ulick, president Of the Institute
Of Public Administration and q leading
authority on municipal problems, however.
says 1t Is no longer possible to consider
planning as ian activity Of government
floating around in the blue unrelated to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06

urbs. Some are small, barely meeting the
metro standards. But they have one thing
In common-tremendou growth.
Between 1850 and 1855. for example, the
population Of the United States increased
about 118 million. A lopsided lis million
went to the 174 metros. leaving 100000 70 Be
added to the entire remaining expanse Of
the Nation. To accommodate this urban
growth, more than million acres Of rural
land q year-much Of it farmland--is yield
Ing to the bulldozers.
And there's no end In sight. BY 1915,
there may be so million more metro resi-
dents BY the year 1000. some experts be-
lieve. the Nation viii have 500 million citi-
zens And 220 million Of them may be living
IN metros.
As an example of the sort Of problem
produced by this sort Of growth, consider
the matter Of highways
The interstate superhighways TO be
built under the new multi billion-d dollar road
program. for instance, win have TO serve
vast areas. 1t is not possible to locate and
build them without the closest conceivable
regional cooperation. Much more Is in
volved than strong coordination between
local highway departments.
Wilfred Owen. Bookings Institution
transportation expert. warns that building
the road in the right place Is "only half
the answer" to adequate metropolitan trans
portation. The other half Is to create an.
environment in which the transportation
system can work"
BY this, he means that all metro juris-
dictions must control future residential and
business development along the new express
ways, so they viii not attract more traffic
than they can handle. And by the same
token, rural areas face the fact that un-
controlled development attracted by new
highways can cause disastrous overcrowding
and congestion.
Last month, at conference In Hartford,
Conn, about 400 business, Government, plan
ming and civic leaders concluded that the
new highway program win be the greatest
single influence on future metro growth.
Whether it becomes q force for good or
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06
The Prospects

What are the prospects for area juris-
dictions to get together, in Joint action as
well as unified planning? Can't many of
their problems be solved simply by cooper
alive behavior, involving no surrender OF
political autonomy? Or viii metros find
more drastic steps toward unity desirable
and necessary What are the possible steps?
The Hartford conference last month
decided there can be no pat answers to such
questions. The conferees agreed most
metros have not yet even taken the FIRST
Investigation to determine how their
areas are developing. and what their mutual
problems are. They concluded that govern
ing ofilcials Immediately should draw bust.
ness, industrial and civic leaders into re-
gional discussions.
Four possibilities for joint regional gov
eminent action have been the most dis
cussed. They are:
4 Formation Of authorities Of which the
IL New York Port Authority is the stand
ard example, to deal on a regional basis with
such single-purpose matters as rapid transit,
bridges water supply and sewage.
= The merger, or consolidation, Of juris-
- dictions into single large governmental
units which would perform all the services
and responsibilities Of local government.
Z Reliance on the Federal Government
-. to establish aid programs to attack
metropolitan problems. with the idea that
Federal requirements for Joint action would
be unifying influence.
A Federation. or the agreement Of each
e jurisdiction to surrender part of its
autonomy to a new kind Of regional gov
ernmental body, empowered to deal only
with specified regional matters.
Many experts are convinced that the
latter course, federation, offers the most
promise. Mr. oulick, for example, proposes
a sort of metropolitan council, composed of
the top elected oflcials of each jurisdiction,
with powers to plan construct, tax and
spend money on regional problems.
Thus far, the only true municipal fed
Grafton experiment on this continent, fully
In operation to cover all regional activity,
is the Metro" government, extending over
the city Of Toronto, Canada, and its IL
suburban jurisdictions.
Torontos "Metro" y . true super-level
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06
The Pressures

The United States Census Bureau recog-
nizes ia standard Metropolitan Areas" BY
definition. these are cities. Of at least $4,000
population and their adjoining county sub
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-06
WAsHINCTON,S METRO

Next Sunday the second article
in this series viii report on how
the metro problem has affected
the lives Of citizens Of the Wash
ington area.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-20

the convention has been held
on the West Coast.
MRS. Mcnamara visited
their son. Andrew. IT,, at
West Point and went on to
Watertown. N. Y. to visit her
mother, Mrs. George w.
Trip. Mrs. Trip and Mrs.
Mcnamara returned home in
time to greet the General.
Mrs. Trip win stay in town
for several months.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-20
ny EVELYN M. DENT

The commandant Of the
Industrial COLLEGE Of the
Armed Forces. Maj. Gen.
Robert p. Hollis retires Mo-
vember /, and with Mrs. Hol-
lis expects to leave town that
afternoon for Florida.
In a formal change Of COM
mand ceremony at the COLI
lege the morning Of Novem-
Der l. Mai. Gen. George
Mundy a ssum S command
with the rank Of lieutenant
general.
Prior to this last tour Of
duty Gen. Hollis was sta
toned here in the Office Of
the Quartermaster General.
He now goes to the engineer
ing department Of the Uni
versity of Florida at Gains
vile.
The Hollises bought a house
in GAINESVILLE three years ago
and it is ready for them to
move into. Their son-in-law
and daughter, the Rev. and
Mrs. David G. Pritchard live
nearby at Madison. Fla.
There will be q retirement
parade on Friday at 4 o'clock
at Fort McNair in honor Of
Gen. Hollis. with the COM
handing general Of the Mill
tary District Of Washington.
Maj. Gen. John G. Van
Houten as host.
The Army Quartermaster
General. Mai. Gen. Andrew
Thomas Mcnamara. and Mrs.
Mcnamara will be hosts at a
reception on Saturday when
the Corps honors Gen. and
Mrs. Hollis.
The 5 to Z o'clock affair will
be held at Patton Hall. Fort
Myer and ranking members
of the Corps. officers and CT
villains from quartermaster
depots east of the Mississippi
will attend. Most of them will
be here for the retirement
review and will remain for
the week end.
Gen. and Mrs. Mcnamara
win be hosts at a buffet sup
per at home following the re-
ception and will have Gen.
and Mrs. Hollis as their honor
guests.
The staff. faculty and stu
dent body of the industrial
college viii hold a reception
on Monday. October %. from
Z to 9 o'clock In the ballroom
at Fort McNair in honor Of
Gen. and Mrs. Hollis. Chair
man for the affair. at which
the students viii play host.
is Navy Capt. John Kelly.
Rear Admiral and Mrs.
Sherman Rockwell CLARK
will be hosts at a small din
ner on Sunday for the de-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-20

zitzman have had q house on
Volta place. They viii move
on to the Post at Fort Nc
Nair as soon as quarters are
available for them.
Gen. Mcnamara. with his
executive ofiicer. Col. Robert
Burns. returned on Wednes-
day from California where
they went the first week Of
October TO attend the Ma
tional Quartermaster Associa-
ton Convention In San Franz
cisco. This Is the FIRST time
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-10-20

Thomas. at Duke University.
Durham. N. c.
Before they leave In mid
November much entertaining
win be done for them. The
Wives Club OF the College will
have q coffee in honor Of
Mrs. Calhoun on Wednesday
morning November 8.
Army Brig. Gen. Kenneth
F. zitzman replaces Gen.
Calhoun. He has been on
duty in the once Of the Chief
Signal otiicer and with Mrs.