davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08
ARKANSAS

Continued From First Page
for police protection and she
replied I'VE asked that a long
time ago."
Asked directly. the Mayor
said he preferred not to an
swer" the question.
Thurgood Marshall, general
counsel Of the National Associ-
alton for the Advancement Of
Colored People, said after
Judge Davies ruling:
I'VE do not look for any fur
Their court action until Mon
day. Of course, we hope that
the previous order Of the court
VIII be carried out"
Mr.. Marshall, who repre-
scented the NAACP before the
Supreme Court in the epoch
making 1854 cases. conferred
later in the day with other
NAACP representatives. Among
those at the meeting we're Mrs.
Bates and Attorney Wiley A.
Branton Of Pine Bluff, Ark.
Mr.. Branton argued the NAACP
side of the matter before Judge
Davies today.
Mapping Strategy
Though no indication was
given by the NAACP represen-
tatives as to the subject mat
ter Of their conference, 1t was
generally supposed that they
were mapping strategy for the
coming week. There we're some
indications that q press con-
ference might be called before
the week end was over.
Meanwhile, Mayor Mann. q
foe Of Gov. Faubus and a sup
porter Of the school boards So
called Blossom Plan" for grad
ual indignation, hailed Judge
Davies opinion as q step in
the right direction" At the
same time, the mayor called on
the attorney general Of Arkan-
sas to define the Jurisdictions
and authorities Of the mayor
and governor in the troubled
area around Central High.
That the next move was up
to Gov. Fauhus seemed beyond
dispute. The Governor, who
has been incommunicado in his
executive mansion since news
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08

the sloop. confined them 10
the cabin, took command Of
the vessel and steered for Egg
Harbour. in the State Of New
Jersey" That was on Sept. 6,
I778.
When in sight Of the harbor
two days later. they we're pur-
sued. and forcibly taken pos
session of by Capt. Thomas
Houston, commander Of the
armed brig Convention" be-
longing to the State Of Penn
sylvania, and. on the 18th Of
September. brought into the
port Of Philadelphia. :"
Claims Ship and Cargo
Houston claimed the ship
and cargo as a prize. The mas
ter Of the privateer lie Gard. "
which had been cruising with
the Convention" also entered
q claim. as did Olmstead and
his associates. who eventually
sold out their interests in the
claim to Olmstead.
A State admiralty court, pre-
sided over by George Ross, one
Of the signers of the Declara-
ton Of Independence. awarded
Olmstead only q fourth Of the
proceeds from sale Of the sloop
and cargo. 1t said the crews Of
the two ships should get a
fourth each and the State a
fourth.
A newly created Federal
Court Of Appeals reversed the
decision and said Olmstead
should have the whole prize.
The State court refused to ac-
cept that verdict. and. in eff
feet, impounded the prize
money in the hands Of David
Rittenhouse. a famous astron-
omer at night and State
treasurer by day.
In 1908. Olmstead won an
other verdict from Judge Rich
ard Peters in Federal District
Court for Pennsylvania. Talk
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08

Circuit Court Of Appeals for
the Eighth Circuit.
That plan is not and never
was anything other than the
plan of the duly authorized
representatives of the people Of
Little Rock"
The Judge. citing "a con-
stitutional duty and obligation
from which I shall not shrink"
made clear that he would not
permit anyone to play fast and
loose with the authority Of the
Federal bench.
I'm an organized society
there can be nothing but ul-
innate confusion and chaos If
court DEGREES are Haunted,
whatever the pretext," Judge
Davies said.
Although Judge Davies ap-
parently had access to infor-
nation which Gov. Faubus said
indicated a peril to the public
peace. it was evident from his
statement that he was not i'm
pressed by the Governors
information.
THE chief executive of Little
Rock Mayor MANN has stated
that the Little Rock police have
not had a single case Of inter-
racial violence reported to them
and that there had been no in
dication from sources available
to him that there would be vio-
lence in regard to this situa-
ton" the jurist said.
Mayors Statement
In his statement approving
the court decision, Mayor Mann
said:
This appears to be a step in
the right direction.
Apparently the President Of
the United States intends to
back UP his statement to Gov.
Orval Faubus that the Consti-
tuition will be defended with
every legal means available to
him.
Il would like to commend the
Federal Government for its po-
sition in the interest Of law,
order and democracy.
I'm view of the situation at
present. / am asking the attor-
ney general Of the State Of Ar
kansas for his opinion regard
ing my authority to take action
in the interest Of the people Of
Little Rock and the State Of
Arkansas should it become nee
essary."
Receives Answer
Attorney General Bruce Ben
nett answered Mr.. Mann to-
night. saying in effect that the
city Of Little Rock shared re-
sponsibility with county. State,
and Federal authorities in keep
ing order on streets around
Central High School.
But he said either city. coun-
ty, State, or Federal laws may
or may not be applicable under
certain conditions to law en-
forcement in the school area.
Mr.. Bennett, in a long tele-
gram to the mayor, said Mr..
Mann's request for an official
ruling dealt with a certain fac
tual situation" and pointed out
that the Office Of the Attorney
General did not rule on ques-
tons Of fact.
Mr.. Mann also had asked II
the Governors authority to use
the National Guard was unlim-
tied and Mr.. Bennett replied.
The Governors authority In
the use Of the Arkansas Ma.
tional Guard is constitutions
and statffkorvn
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08

men gave him q rough time
at a press conference We'd
nesday afternoon. had nothing
to say today but prepared to
raise his head above the para
pet one more time tomorrow.
Gov. Faubus has agreed to
appear on American Broad
casting Co.'S "Open Hearing"
at 8 pm. (EDT).
On WMAL-TV
The program will be seen
in Washington Sunday over
The Evening Star station,
WMAL-TV (channel y.
Judge Davies, a diminutive
and punctilious man, received
the school board petition for
more time to integrate on
Thursday afternoon and set
today at noon (EDT) as the
time for arguments.
He convened court at 1901
pm. and. after cutting through
the legal niceties, listened to
arguments for is minutes.
Then he recessed court until
promptly at l pm, when he
read q four-minute statement
denying "in all things" the
petition for q temporary sus-
pension.
The Judge hardly concealed
his impotence with the school
board argument. put forward
by Board Attorney A. r. House,
that with the spectacle now
being enacted on the grounds
of Central High School teach-
ing Is ct an end"
After the recess the Judge
said in his ruling: what did
the testimony this morning
disclose? Beyond the bald and
unsupported statements in the
petition. only the testimony Of
the Little Rock superintendent
Of schools was offered, and that
bore upon the desirability Of
the proper education Of chill
dren in the Little Rock schools,
with which sentiments we must
all agree"
Mr.. Blossom, told the court
that each day this situation
goes on is just one day out Of
the lives Of these school chill
dren." He added:
THE colored children are un-
able to enter the school. so
there is no possibility for them
to receive an education.
THE conditions around the
school and in the school being
what they are, there is no pos
sibility for o normal program
of education in the school,"
Asks About Attitude
Judge Davies asked Mr..
Blossom whether the public
Of Little Rock had been broad
ly notified Of the Blossom plan
and what its attitude was to-
ward acceptance Of the pro-
gram.
Mr.. Blossom said he esti-
mated he had spoken to ITS
groups in Little Rock and that
the plan was accepted not on
the basis Of wanting integra-
ton but as the best solution of
this problem"
This line of questioning ap-
peared to have some bearing
on the judges decision, in
which he said:
THAT plan was originated
and conceived by the citizens
Of Little Rock acting BY and
through their own school d.
rectors. That plan was APP
proved by this court and by the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08
z Stotes Set Precedent
Defying U.S.. Authority
BY DOUGLAS b. CORNELL
Associated Press stan Writer

Texas set neighborng Arkansas example Tor armed
resistance Federal authority in the turbulent days
quarter century So did Pennsylvania, thousand miles
and century and half away.
Texas and Pennsylvania couldn't win. They gave way
before the power Of Supreme Court Their defeats may
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08

would be the supreme law Of
the land: that the restrictions
of the Federal Constitution
upon the exercise Of State
power would be but impotent
phrases. the futility Of which
the State may at any time dis
close by the simple process Of
transferring powers Of legisla-
ton to the Governor to be
exercised by him. beyond con-
troll. upon his assertion Of nee
essity.
Under our system Of govern
ment. such q conclusion is OBJ
viously untenable. There is no
such avenue Of escape from the
paramount authority of the
Federal Constitution"
The renowned Pennsylvania
"Olmstead Case" was far more
complex. It dragged through
the courts for 80 years. The key
decision, by Chief Justice John
Marshall. was handed down IN
1909 by the United States SUI
preme Court. It directed en-
forcement Of o decision by q
Federal District Court in Phil
adelphia, which the state and
its legislature had defled. One
famed sentence said:
If the legislatures Of the
several States may, at will,
annul the judgments Of the
courts Of the United States. and
destroy the rights acquired
under those judgments, the
Constitution itself becomes a
solemn mockery:: and the Ma
ton is deprived Of the means
Of enforcing its laws by the in
strumentality Of its own tri-
bunals."
Governor Calls Militia
Gov. Simon Snyder called
out the militia to resist the de-
cree. A United States marshal
countered by summoning a
posse Of 1000 men. Journals
Of the day spoke Of q likelihood
Of bloodshed, which never ma
terialized, and vigorously de-
bated the issue of Federal
versus State powers.
Behind it all was a story
rooted in the Revolutionary
War-a story Of drama, heroics
and persistence. In one role or
another. major or minor. it in
volved names of prominent
men, some Of them signers Of
the Declaration Of Independ-
ence.
Francis Scott Key. more re-
nowned as author Of the Star
Spangled Banner than as a
lawyer, was on the legal team
for the central figure. Gideon
Olmstead. Benedict Arnold. at
the time military commander
at Philadelphia, helped Ohm
stead finance his legal fight.
Olmstead was a Connecticut
fisherman. He and three COM
panions were captured and
pressed into the crew Of the
British sloop Active" bound
for New York with military
supplies.
Though outnumbered IA to
4. Olmstead and his Connecti-
cut helpers, according to old
Supreme Court records. rose
upon the master and crew Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08
Hot Oil" Case


The Texas case had its origin
In 1891, back in the depression
days when ''hot oil" was being
produced IN disregard Of ma
tional and State efforts to hold
down output.
A United States court
enjoined application Of an
administrative order restricting
production.
Gov. Ross s. Sterling pro-
claimed martial law in several
East Texas counties which he
said were in "a state Of insur-
rection, tumult. riot and q
breach Of the peace" because
some oil men were engaged in
reckless. wasteful production in
violation Of the State conser-
walton law.
The Governor directed Brig.
Gen. Jacob r. Wolters Of the
Texas National Guard to take
supreme command Of the stu
alton and to uphold the law In
accordance with orders from
the Governor relayed through
State Adjutant General w. w.
Sterling.
All wells in the area were
shut down by military force.
Some of the oil operators con-
tended their rights were vio-
lated because the Constitution
guarantees they can't be de-
prived Of their property with
out due process Of the law.
A Federal District Court up
held their position, said there
was no insurrection or emer-
gency to justify use of troops.
and issued an Injunction
against interference with the
rights Of the operators.
Declares State Supreme"
The Governor took the case
to the Supreme Court. arguing
that his proclamation Of mar
tial law was "a supreme and
interchangeable edict" which
was not subject to review of
Federal courts. In q sharply
worded unanimous opinion. by
Chief Justice Charles Evans
Hughes, the Supreme Court de-
clared on December IL, 1882:
IF this extreme position
could be well taken, it is mani
fest that the fiat Of q State
Governor. and not the Con-
stitution Of the United States,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08

some Of its agencies. But Penn
sylvania brought the first big
showdown on. the respective
power Of Federal and State
courts. In the Texas case the
Supreme Court gave one Of its
most positive. clear-cut opin-
ions on the question Of use Of
troops to balk q Federal court.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08

De adulJl0naI pfeCeuenLS Tor
Gov. Orval E. Faubus and his
use Of the Arkansas National
Guard to try to prevent racial
jntegration in Q Little Rock
High School.
There have been other in
stances in which States used
their military forces to defy
the Federal Government or
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08

For An Exominosioa Of the LssoI
Aspects Of the Little Rock cose
See Pegs AIS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-08

Your children will Be pleased 10
wear The distinctive College Club
lapel emblem, end dIspIoy their
hondsomo Membership eard =.
and you will enjoy the soiIsfoe-
lion Of knowing your foresight hos
provided sound security for their
future.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-24

news is the ''little girl" touch
seen in the nylon fill-in of a
lateX suit the strapped
cotton suit is a candy color
with the pleated skirt :. and
the elasticized madras suit
with a cute FLIP in the bow in
the front.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-24
FADS AND FASHIONS
Beuu-Cutcher
Outfits Set
Spring Theme
By ELEM
Fashion Editor of The Star


Stag-line ia ShionS take
number one precedence with
the teen miss.
Spring is the big time of
the year for fashion shows.
Running a close second are
those featuring back-to-school
clothes. But a spring fashion
show is even more fun because
then you also get a preview of
fun clothes to wear at the
beach. sailing, and picnicking
when SchoOlbOOkS have been
carefully put away.
Not to be ignored, of course,
is the all-important Easter
costume, right now.
All of these fine fashion
points are being taken up this
Saturday at IL am. at the
Statler Hotel in the PreSiden-
tial Room when Pat Geyer of
Lansburgh'S stages the Beau
Catcher" fashion show.
The Fashion Board of the
store, Al girls from local and
suburban high schools, will
model the latest styles.
We've done a picture pre-
view for you of the fashions
that will be shown on Satur-
day. with Art Lamb doing the
fashion advising" for the
teen set at show time.
FOR EASTER PARADING
A black or navy rayon dress
with a lined checked bell-boy
jacket and a bright red cum
merbund. How bout beige
for a new look in your rayon
and dacron suit with its pert
box jacket and slim skirt?
FOR FUN TIME think
about the separates in madras
there's a bathing suit,
beach jacket. and skirt to con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-03-24

slider even nee-length
trousers with the flip cuff
turned to show the madras
stripes. Khaki continues
to score high in the fashion
affections of teens and you'll
see it in all kinds of different
ways. In bathing suits the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12
Alaska Train
Soon to Stdrt
Daylight Runs

SEWARD, Alaska. -Arm-chai
travellers find the Alaska Rail-
road ideally suited for viewing
the rugged mountain scenery Of
Alaska. They may see Mt. Nc
Kinley (20.300 feet), Americas
highest peak. without stirring
from reclining seats by picture
windows aboard modern railway
coaches.
This farthest north railroad
on the North American cont.
nent runs 470 miles from Sewarc
and Whittier through Anchorage
to Fairbanks. It has no connec-
ton with any other railroad but
its diesel locomotives pull modern
passenger equipment.
Starting May 20 daily except
Tuesdays), passenger service In
both directions between Anchor
Iage and Fairbanks Is scheduled
for the daylight train AURORA. :
This train viii stop at McKinley
National Park as well as Other
scenic fishing and wildlife areas
in the Alaska range.
Sportsmen find it convenient
to take the morning train to q
favorite fishing stream or hunt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12

the Jibaros live pretty dull. drab,
undernourished lives and they're
usually happy to come out of
Information for q party to skin
q head or two.
The Jibaros dress up in all
their flnery. They paint each
other with bright paint and tri-
bal designs. Brandishing their
spears and long blow guns, they
dance around the IRE. The feast
goes on for hours and the
dancers hold out just about as
long as the food does.
Traditionally it takes from six
to eight months per head. But
for today's visitors from the out
side world, the Jibaros alter their
ritual SO. that the various phases
take only q short time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12

Brightens Drab Lives
It isn't really, too difhcult to
rally . dozen or 30 tribesmen
around the fiesta fire. Actually.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12

shrinking process for which
Ecuador's Jibaro Indians are IA
nous.
For the benefit Of tourists
whose stomachs might start do
ing slow rolls at the sight Of q
human skull being shrunk to the
size Of an orange. the Jibaros
considerably substitute the skull
Of q calf.
In Quito. $500 feet up in the
Andes where the bells of some
so ancient Spanish colonial
churches cleave the thin noun
tain air with sad. sweet mellow
ness, the savagery Of the jungle
seems far away.
Il Two Hours Away
1t isn't. It's a two-hour flight
by domestic airline. which can be
set UP by Ecuadorian Tours.
For vacationers who want to
Join the witch doctors in a little
head-shrinking shivaree, ar
rangements are made in advance
to accommodate them at the il
baro village Of Sucua. A Jungle
medical station has been set up
there by DR.. wilburn H. Fergu-
son. and special native huts have
been built for guests.
To abstract the aborieines from
their native habitat long enough
to stage q skull-squeezing, wis.,
tors are expected to host q feast.
This usually includes the barhe-
cuing Of Q COW and two pigs and
involves getting UP an extra
kitty Of $50 to take care Of the
dinner tab.
Brightens Drab Lives
It isn't really too difncult to
rally . dozen or 80 tribesmen
around the fiesta fire. Actually,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12

ling area and return on the eve
ming train the same day. Camera
enthusiasts find many views well
worth picturing along the Alaska
railbelt, in Mckinley park, at
Curry and other stop-over points
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12

Virginia, according to the State
Conservation Commission.
Each Of these large artificial
lakes has a state park TO provide
additional facilities for the
thousands Of water-sports en-
thusiasts who visit them each
year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12
2 Artificial Lakes
Draw Fishermen

CHARLESTON. w. Va.-Two
large impoundments. Tygart
Lake near Grafton and Blue
stone Reservoir near Hinton,
provide some Of the best fishing
to be found anywhere in West
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12
boroIndions Will Shrink.
A Head for venturesome

QUITO EcuadorA hot time with the head hunters in the
jungle Of the attractions Ecuador offers have
tried everything
The affair complete with ocial feast
shng tribal dances featuring fun feathers bright
painted brown bodies and demonstration the patented
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12

Why do so many experienced
travellers prefer TO sail to Europe
on Canadian Pacifc's White En-
presses? They like the spacious
comfort of these four luxury liners.
the fine cuisine. the traditionally
gracious Canadian Pacific service.
They like the scenic Landscape
route" too.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12
TRAVEL

is. n,nnav
,.,,., -, !. =.
rI;,,..s A. ~.
.,r,m., -. 1m.,;.,, I.
c;v.. ~, ,,,,r 49,.
atzz Ann. $500
....L !. -.
Ala -, ,,;.L 49,,
~ -, $3.50. -.
A,lc,,;e Ban Am
,,.,,l;.h.. ..,a,., :, n,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-05-12

SaiIinss every week. The White
Empress Fleet includes the new.
all air-conditioned Empress of
Britain and Empress of England
and the luxurious Empress of
Scotland and Empress Of France.
One of these luxury liners leaves
from Montreal every week. And
Montreal is easy TO reach from
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1957-10-11

Mrs. Ethel Benor, executive di-
rector of Hadassah'S West coast of.
flee in Los Angeles, will be guest
speaker at an 8:15 pm. meeting o1
the Phoenix chapter of Hadassah
Tuesday at Congregation Beth El.
Mrs. Benor will speak about the
latest medical work growth of Ha-
dassah in Israel. The entire pro-
gram will be devoted to the Hadas-
sab Medical Organization. Mrs.
Meyer Seaman is local HMO chair
man.
THE SPEAKER has travelled
widely through the United States,
Europe, Israel, South America, and
Africa. She speaks English, Ger
man, Hebrew, Yiddish, French, and
some Arabic.
Before assuming the West Coast
position, she was active in many
other phases of HadaSSah. She was
office and personnel manager of
the Jewish National fund. She or
ganized and administered JNF's
mail Embarrassing campaign.
AS assistant dMO director in Is
rael, her duties included budget
planning for a countrywide medi-
cal system, collecting and report
ing FIMO news for America, and
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1957-10-11
Mrs. HoIpern New
S+uuffer Worker

Mrs. Helen Halpern, 1421 E. San
Juan. has announced her associa-
ton with the national Stauffer
Home Reducing Plan. She has
qualified as a Stauffer technician,
enabling her to serve as counse-
lor for the services Phoenix opera
tons.
Mrs. Halpern is the wife of Moe
Halpern, Phoenix dry cleaning ex-
ecutive.
Past president of Hadassah chap
ters in both Chicago and Phoenix,
Mrs. Halpern is former vice pres
ident of the National Council OF
Jewish Women in Phoenix and a
former director of the Jewish Com
munity Center. She also has been
active with Phoenix chapters OF the
American Red Cross and the Com
munity Chest.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1957-10-11
.Sis+erhood's S
.Dinner-Dance
Set Nov. II

The Thunderbirds Orchestra and
the Thunderbird Room of Hotel
Westward Ho will combine to fea-
ture the Temple Beth Israel Sister
hoods Starlight Dinner-Dance Nov.
II. Dinner will follow a z pm.
cocktail hour.
Co-chairmen are Mrs. Joe Stern,
S45 w. Bethany Home Rd., and
Mrs. Irwin Cooper, 4214 Westview
DR.. Reservations must be made in
advance through Mrs. Charles
Schneider, WI 3-3770; Mrs. Bernard
Bernstein, AM 5-9703, or Mrs. Da-
vid Barker, CIR 1921.
Committee chairmen include:
Mrs. Malcolm Strauss, hostess;
Mrs. Herb Burros, decorations;
Mrs. Henry Stern and Mrs. Sam
Friedman, telephone, and Mrs.
Harry Rubenstein and Mrs. Alfred
Kessler, publicity.
Other committee members are
Mines. Joe Lagman, Cal Levy, Ar
mold Becker, Phil Barkan, Al Lag
man, Carl Milder, Burton Levin,
Morton Neinberg, ]. A. Kelly,
Barney Rozefsky, Jack Zimel, AL
Zell, Arthur Schneider, Bud Singer,
Philip Kantor, and Herman Chan
en-.