davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-18
No Job for the FBI

IL would be very serious mistake.
in our opinion, to require agents of the
FBI to escort Negro children into Little
Rocks Central High School. Conse-
quently, we welcome j. Edgar Hoover's
announcement that there is no founda-
ton for rumors that his agents may be
deputized for this purpose.
II Governor FaubuS withdraws his
National GuardSmen from the scene, and
II Negro children then attempt to enter
the school, there may be danger OF vio-
lence. OF course, every reasonable pre-
cautionary measure should be taken.
But this primarily is a responsibility of
the local authorities, especially the Little
Rock police. The Mayor Of the city has
said they are competent to handle the
situation. If he is wrong about this, it
would be the duty of Governor Faubus
to use the State police and, if necessary.
the Guard to maintain order. If more
should be needed, the United States
Marshal and his deputies are available.
But the FBI should be kept out of
this aspect of the Little Rock situation.
Mr.. Hoover makes the point that to
N~RNSA0S @AAo o6CA4Oo W dCb do
for the children would convert the FBI
into national police force, which is
something that no one can really want.
1t seems to us, however, that there are
more practical grounds for opposing
such use of the FBI.
In this case, for example, Mr.. Hoo
ver's agents have been investigating the
Governors stated reaSon-fear of vio-
lence-for calling out the Guard. Let us
assume that the report of this investi-
CATION, which has already been filed with
the court, does not bear out the Cover
nor'S contention. In such a situation
public confidence in the integrity and
impartiality of the FBI would be of the
highest Importance. We would hope that
everyone, segregationiStS and integra-
tioniStS alike, would believe that the
report was purely factual and not parti-
san in any sense. Today, we think, most
people have this confidence in the FBI.
The Surest way to impair or destroy it
would be to deputize the FBI agents and
project them into the business of en-
forcing Indignation DEGREES. This is not
their function, and it would be most
unwiSe to require them to undertake it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-18

do ordain and establish this
Constitution for the United
States Of America"
Can it thus be successfully
argued that Little Rock is
fiagrantly defying a Supreme
Court order when 1t attempts
to insure domestic tram
guilty" and to secure the
blessings Of liberty? Are the
people Of Little Rock not
I'VE the people Of the United
States" even as you and I
and the Supreme Court
justices. and is it then no
longer true that our de-
mocracy is based on the prin-
ciple of government by the
people, Of the people. and
for the people? No Negro.
anywhere in the United
States. is denied the right to
go to a school. Not only edu-
cation. but dignifled rights
and honest freedom are
available to each and all Of
us. What is needed today by
the high and lowly alike, by
government and those gov
erned. is not force, but re-
spect and understanding,
each for the other, to "in-
sure domestic tranquility"
and Secure the blessings of
liberty to ourselves and our
posterity."
M A. w
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-18
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Odd Case Of Jet-PropelIed Comet
BY THOMAS R. HENRY

and magnesium, furnishing q
possible weak, sponge-like
structure in which the ices
are imbedded.
"As such a 'cosmic iceberg
approaches the sum-" DR..
Whipple says, solar heat and
the free radicals eject gas
from the comets surface.
This carries along with it
finer particles and possibly
some larger ones which may
be thrown of with velocities
of from 10 to 100 meters per
second, the smallest ones per-
haps as fast as 800 meters
per second"
This is probably enough to
explain the tails away from
the sun. But, says DR.. Whip
pie, particles of ice blown
out from the surface Of the
nucleus will become small
Jets as the ice vaporizes on
the sunward side Of each in
dividual particle. BY this
tiny jet activity the residual
solid material can attain We
locities exceeding a kilometer
a second" That is. the
steam produced and stream
ing to the rear acts as q jet
to drive the particle for
ward.
May Be New Comet
Comet Arend- Roland, DR..
Whipple says, may be a new
comet according to a theory
recently advanced by the
Dutch astronomer J. H. Oort.
Oort has put forward, he ex-
plains, a rather generally ac-
copied theory that the sun
carries with it an enormous
cloud of comets, extending
out to the distances of the
nearest stars. (This would be
approximately four Zig hit
years, and a light year is
close to six trillion miles)
Passing stars disturb the
orbits of these comets and
bring some of them in close
to the sum-" DR.. Whipple re-
ports, 80 that they are re-
moved momentarily from the
icebox of interstellar space.
A new comet is one that
comes close to the sun for
the first time in its history.
The solid material on the
surface of such comets is
probably extremely feathery
and there is very little lag in
the penetration Of solar heat
and subsequent election Of
material.
Thus we see that light
pressure, corpuscular radia-
ton from the sun and the
jet action of small ice parti-
cles probably are adequate
to explain the phenomenon. ("
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-18
There are jet propelled

There are Jet propelled
comets.
This is the explanation
advanced by DR.. Fred L.
Whipple, Smithsonian In
stitution astronomer, for
those celestial visitors with
"anti-tails." extremely tenu-
Gus streams Of. gas and mi
mute particles millions of
miles broad and about
10000 miles thick.
Such was the case of the
latest comet easily visible
from the earth-C o m e t
Arend- Roland-which passed
through the heavens a few
months ago.
Most comets have tails"
Of a sort. They trail the
main body in a direction OPP
posite to the sun. Several
times, it is claimed. the earth
has passed through such a
tail, millions Of miles long.
But so tenuous is the sub
stance that nobody, except a
few astronomers, knew any
thing about it.
This tail, fan shaped, ex-
tended from the head Of the
comet in the direction Of the
sun, not away from it. This
is one Of the first times in
history that such a phenom-
enon has been recorded. 1t
has puzzled astronomers sll
over the world ever since.
The kind of tail that extends
behind the comet away from
the sun is a lot easier to ex-
plain.
Widely Photographed
DR.. Whipple, director of
the Smithsonian Institutions
astrophysical observatory. has
based his tentative explana-
ton on numerous photo
graphs taken at Observable
ries both in the United
States and Europe. The SUM-
ward streaming is a sort of
jet propulsion phenomenon,
he holds, dependent on the
composition Of the comet.
A comet, he says. may be
considered as q "cosmic ice
berg" with q nucleus COM
posed chiefly Of frozen water,
ammonia and the marsh gas.
methane, probably in quite
fine particles. Combined with
the ice particles are so-called
free radicals" presumably
simple compounds Of carbon,
nitrogen and oxygen with
hydrogen. Such compounds
recently have been shown to
have explosive possibilities.
The comets gases also pre-
sumably contain q small per-
centage Of heavier elements
such as silicon, iron, nickel
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-18
Vaccine Priority

With reference to the dis
tribution Of Asian flu vaccine.
as a physician ! am heartily
in accord with the published
priorities for essential groups
such as flremen, police. and
hospital employees but not
until chronically Ill patients
have received it.
I do object to these groups
getting 1t before my patients
with heart disease. I particu-
larly resent the mass vacci-
nation Of newspaper en-
ployes before doctors can OBJ
tain it for their i'll patients.
This is hardly an essential
group. MD.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-18
Detects Revolt

In The Star OF September
IL. one Of your reporters
wrote that Agriculture Sec
rotary Benson could see no
signs Of a farm revolt" in
the election Of William Prox-
mire to the Senate. Allow
me to bring the Secretary
down from Cloud Q.
No farm county could be
more so than Clark County
located in the 9th District
represented by my boss. Hon.
Lester johnson. This county
alone produces more cheese
than the whole State Of New
York or 5 of the top 10 pro-
ducing States. The total farm
vote in that county-in the
townships-was 75.4eo for
Senator Proxmire. In 9 Of
the IL counties in the 9th
District. the Proxmire farm
vote was 709o or better. Con-
slider this in normally" Re-
publican Wisconsin,
II Secretary Benson can
see no signs Of a farm re-
volt in this, ! believe his in
depreciation Of a farm must
be different from mine.
Scott Metcalf,
once Of Representative Les
ter johnson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-18

Templeton Jones' father
was afraid Of the telephone.
When the new-fangled in
vention came to town, the
Jones family had one. of
course, but the Old Man
never got used to it.
He would pick it UP with
great suspicion, and start
yelling into it.
Perhaps the strange habit
Of hollering down the
phone" comes from a mix
ture Of fear and disbelief.
Most people today take
their phones as a matter Of
fact. but in its beginning it
was strange contraption to
many.
Jones' father also disliked
the fountain pen.
We wonder what he would
have thought Of a ballpoinr.
Mr.. Jones, senior. would
take up a fountain pen very
gingerly, as if it might bite
him.
Then he would get ink on
his fingers - they invariably
linked up the users fingers
and he would shout, This
drafted pen." and go on from
there.
He preferred the old steel
pen. with which, as a matter
Of fact, some verv fine PEN
manship was achieved.
Today's ball point. with its
unyielding touch. is a very
long distance from the sink
ing motion achieved with the
best Of the old pens, even the
fountain pens at their best.
It is nice to hear that man.
ufacturers Of the ballpoints
are beginning to take up this
problem, and that some real
strides are being made, Just
as they have with the ink.
Temp Jones, a very mod
ern man, has a ballpoint pen
of a different color to go with
each one of his sport shirts.
Thus, when he ventures out
in a snappy yellow number,
his pen matches.
This. we ventured to point
out to him. was a woman's
trick.
Women. Jones snorted, are
way ahead of men in many
things. and this is one Of
them, matching their acces-
series, as they call shoes,
gloves, hats, etc.
= 4 4
Temp Jones admired the
way women wear gloves, es-
pecially these neat white
ones.
Little girls must be taught
to wear them by their
mothers.
Not only are women's
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-18
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES (. TRACEWELL

hands protected from dirt
and germs. and fungi, so
prevalent today. but he
pointed out. they come in
handy in touching money.
A woman. he AYERS. always
keeps her gloves on in a
cafeteria until she has re-
ceived her change.
Men, on the other hand,
mostly fail to wash their
hands before eating; some
even think this sissy, what
ever that means.
The loud voice bespeaks
the vacant mind
So said Shakespeare, or
was it Henry James?
Anyway. a loud voice on a
telephone says plainly enough
that the speaker has no real
understanding of electricity.
and that he is a mite afraid
of what is now commonplace.
On radio there is a man
standing or sitting there with
his hand on a control, as a
knob is called.
When the speaker at the
mike talks too loudly, the
man turns him down; if the
speaker does not speak loudly
enough, the man at the con-
trolls turns him up.
There is no device yet on
a telephone to do this, but
some day there will be.
Telephony is an art, too, as
we'll as a science and a BUSH
ness.
The average person needs
to do a little thinking about
the wonderful commonplace
in our lives. He should think
of the other fellow, first, and
not blat into his ear, who's
this?" one of the most irri-
tating of all phrases.
The loud talker-loud be-
yond necessity-causes the
nearer to draw back. Some
times it is necessary to hold
the phone at arms length in
order to hear at all.
We have noticed that some
of the very finest people do
this. and have come to the
conclusion that it must be
because such loud speakers"
are so very anxious to be
polite and make the other
hear that they overdo it all.
They should remember
that electricity is a powerful
force. and that it can project
a whisper as well as a roar.
1t is much the same with
a fountain pen. If you press
down too hard, it merely
blots. If you press down too
hard with a ballpoint. it goes
clear through the paper. Life
is a difficult proposition, as
George M. Cohan said. any
way you take 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-18
Skin for Sheepskins

You can shear a sheep
every year but you can skin
him only once. That is an
other way Of saying. you can
fool all the people some Of
the time, etc. That brings
the question: What is being
done to the taxpayer in
Montgomery County in the
name Of better schools?
Every one concerned in the
taxation aspect Of providing
and maintaining public
schools must remember that
this community is loaded
with individuals who are
supporting and operating
through organizations bent
on getting all the tax sup
port they can to educate
their children-in a manner
chosen by them. The school
lobby is organized big busi-
ness. and don't forget it.
Schools in Montgomery
County are currently costing
each home owner about $1.95
a day in direct taxation. Look
at your tax bill. Figure it out
for yourself. Is it reason
able that it costs relatively
more to support 100 schools
and $4,000 pupils in Mont
gomery County than the
whole of the income tax
supported functions Of the
government Of the State Of
Maryland? The future growth
Of taxation for schools, must
be viewed with appropriate
concern.
If the place Of the upcom-
ing generations in life is to be
regarded as pre-empted by a
requirement Of educational
fitness, then what is the 1T
ness that must be furnished
at public expense2 Delimit-
ing the term school" or ed
ucation" is not easy, from
dictionary definitions in all
their grammatical uses, and
because of this the demands
which can be made under
the guise Of schooling and
education upon the tangible
property tax source appears
to be unlimited. Admins
tration is the only control.
Any belief that public edu-
cation of a child is a right.
If not true, must be false.
Many believe that all refer
ences to schools and educa-
ton in statutes pertain to
the control and regulation Of
the system and institutions
available, which have been
established not as a primary
benefit to the pupil but as a
duty imposed upon them to
attend for the public good.
Therefore. it is to be seen
that the extent Of free edu-
Ca...n 10 be provided is for
determination by the State
and not a constitutional right
to be demanded. For relief.
the burdened taxpayer must
make a pitch. and I need not
say to whom.
Hal c. Farrell.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-18
Combotinq InfIotion

With the inflationary spiral
in our midst and selling cam
paigns through every avail
able medium assuming an al
most frantic tinge. one won
derS If the manufacturers
and advertisers are using the
proper thought and magma
ton to push their products.
People are either going to
buy within or beyond their
means, and then they stop.
If the employed buyer Is
overloaded through no fault
of his own, it is obvious that
buyer and seller are hurt in
the long run. Prices keep
rising.
It would be a lot better If
statesmen and advertisers were
trained in some elementary
economies. The thought is
that a customer should be
approached on the basis Of
what he can afford with q
program then worked out for
him for the purchase Of a
car, washing machine or
other need. Certainly. a les
son can be borrowed from
the companies selling real
estate or insurance.
Suppose as a result Of such
collaboration a potential Gus
toner defers a purchase for
a later date. Definitely that
would be better than to lose
him for the future. His earn
ing capacity currently would
not be strained to the break
ing point; his intelligent
budgeting would inevitably
produce the inevitable sale;
and the infiationary spiral
would receive some setback.
Samuel IiRhtman,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-18
@ What is the Twentieth
Century Fund?-O. Y,

@ What is the Twentieth
Century Fund?-O. Y.
A. This is a nonprofit
foundation for scientific re-
search and public education
on economic and social prob
lens. It was founded in 1919
and endowed by Edward A.
Filene (l860-193D. Boston
merchant and philanthropist.
@. Is there such a thing
as pigeons mike. I.
A. Pigeons milk is the
name given to the partly di-
gested. regurgitated food with
which young pigeons are fed
for the FIRST two or three days
Of life. It IL . curdlike CUB
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-18

stance from the crop of either
parent.
@. When does the new Flor
ida requirement of six-month
residence for divorce cases go
into effect?--N. L.
A. Effective october /. 1857.
Florida will require six months
rather than 30 days Of resi-
dence before a divorce suit
may be filed. The new law
was signed by Gov. Col
Inns in May. The october |
date was set so that all at
torneys could have sufficient
notice of the changed re-
quirements. A
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-18
The Constitution

Inc press SIlOulu uldAc
every effort to inform the
public regarding the provi-
sions of the Fourteenth
Amendment to the Constitu-
ton, and particularly with
respect to the integration
decision Of the Supreme
Court.
Section five Of Amend
ment IA provides: THE
Congress shall have power
to enforce, by appropriate
legislation. the provisions of
this article"
It is clear that any legal
enforcement of the provi-
sions Of the Fourteenth
Amendment must be ipur-
suant to appropriate legisla-
ton by the Congress. and
the public should be fully in
formed regarding any legisla-
tive enactments under which
the executive branch Of the
Government proposes to en-
force indignation in the pub
lie schools OF the various
States, A decision Of the SUI
preme Court certainly does
not constitute legislation. as
the court is without power to
legislate.
1t appears that the Fed
eral courts are attempting.
by contempt procedure. to
bypass the provisions of Sec
ton five of the Fourteenth
Amendment. A court order
does not constitute appro-
pirate legislation within the
meaning Of Amendment IA Of
the Constitution. and 1t APP
pears that no Federal law
exists requiring integration
in the public schools Of the
various States.
The Supreme Court may
hold a State law unconsti-
tutional If 1t is in conflict
with the Fourteenth Amend
ment. but 1t is without au-
thority TO go further. The
State may repeal the law and
enact another in its stead.
Integration requires affirma-
tive legislative action, and
certainly the Supreme Court
has no legislative power.
T. II. ReavlS.
+
Often one does not see the
trees for the woods, as re-
CARDS indignation in general
and the case Of Little Rock
in particular. One hears
raucous propaganda and I'M
informed spoutings Of
constitutional rights" but
seldom are we made aware Of
those profound words Of wis
dom and fundamental truths
which form the preamble TO
our Constitution: I'VE the
people Of the United States,
in order TO form a more
perfect Union. establish
justice. insure domestic
tranquility, provide for a
common defense, promote the
general welfare and secure
the blessings Of liberty TO
ourselves and our posterity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-18
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used u
letters carry DriterS correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
sdtton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-09-18
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
stance from the crop of either
r1orovak
nv THE HASKIN SERVICE

E snwsS man tsctaI SaestiSn 81 yrits
B G Please inclose cents Tor return postage WV " F
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30

Having . cottage at the
beach for the summer can
sometimes bring more grief
than pleasure. The cause Of
the grief ID the thoughtless
weekend guest who takes
advantage Of his hostess kind
ness.
Before I offer . few hints
about what not to do II you
are an invited guest. may /
suggest that you never fish for
the invitationl2o
If you happen to meet Joe
Dow on the street on o broil-
ing hot day land you remem-
Der that he has q cottage at the
beach,. don't besiege him with
artful hints. and some not 90
artful. that you would not turn
down an invitation which
would enable you to get away
from the heat. Don't greet
Joe Dow like q long lost friend
either. when in the winter
time you would acknowledge
meeting him with q mere nod.
Follow Routine
II you do receive an unso-
licited, and obviously sincere,
invitation to spend the week
end with someone, make every
effort when you arrive to fol-
low the routine of the family
you are visiting. Never place
yourself in the position Of the
guest who takes the attitude
Of I'm on vacation and I'm
here to relax and get the most
out Of it. my way!" Don't
sleep when others are I'D and
doing. Don't drink the clock
around. expect food ut odd
hours and generally make an
obnoxious nuisance Of your
self. Needless to say, If you
do. further invitations will not
be forthcoming!
The guest whose departure
will be regretted Is the one
who recognizes the fact that
his hostess has the right to
rest and relax too. He will en-
deavor to place himself in her
hands and do graciously what
has been planned. II she says
breakfast ut .. be there ct Q.
II q picnic IL planned, and you
happen TO hate picnics, be .
good sport and join in with
the crowd. making yourself
agreeable. even II 1t hurts.
Remember too. that space In
the average summer cottage
Is limited, % don't spread
yourself and your belonRings.
all over the place.
Have Consideratien
It all boils down 10 the guest
observing Just plain common
thoughtfulneos for the rights
OF those around him. The fact
that everybody 10 letting his
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1957-06-30

methods are unsightly and
clumsy.
~
OIL recently attended a
large garden party. I felt like
a stranger in a strange land,
as I only knew the hostess.
AS she was standing in the re-
ceiving line. I was on my own.
I stood UP against the garden
wall in lonely misery. as. of
course, I didn't know a soul.
Shouldn't a hostess do some
thing about this, leave the re-
ceiving line and introduce you
to the guest next to you, or
something?-Mrs. M. ]. T.
Al can sympathize with
your problem. 1t is a very
uncomfortable feeling, but
your suggestion that the host
ess leave the receiving line for
the purpose Of introducing you
would not solve 1t. She would
be rude to her other guests In
doing SO. Her error In this
situation Is In not having as
sistants to rescue stranded
guests. but If your hostess has
not been thoughtful enough to
arrange this. 1t is perfectly
permissible that you intro
duce yourself to others pres
ent as you are all guests Of
the same hostess, which is In
itself considered an introduce
ton.
OIL received a gift from
q friend on the occasion
of my 10th wedding anniver-
sary two months ago. Before /
got around to expressing my
thanks to the friend who lives
out Of town. my father died
and in the resultant confusion
I did not write the note. To
my horror. I have suddenly
remembered this and now am
wondering what to do. 1 am
sure the friend is disguised
with me for being so rude and
/ don't know how to square
myself. What do you sug-
gest? Mrs. L. p.
Al would write to your
friend Immediately, explain