davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-24

Unuer present. law, only OOIl
would be in the form Of a bill
passed by both houses and
signed by the President.
The real decision on terms OF
such a franchise will be made
by House and Senate conferees
who expect both chambers to
accept anything the conferees
can agree on.
Theoretically, they are at
tempting to reconcile two widely
divergent bills. One. passed by
the Senate, would set up q
publicly-owned Washington Met
ropolitan Transit Authority to
take over etc when it goes out
Of business August IA.
One Restores Franchise
The other, passed by the
House. would restore the fran
chise to etc with tax conces-
sions and changes in regulatory
procedures of the District Public
Utilities Commission. The Com
missioners have objected tc
several provisions Of the House
bill.
There are three prospective
buyers Of etc:
National City Lines, Inc, ma
tionwide transit holding COM
pany. has a contract with etc
to buy all its assets and liabili-
ties and set up a new operating
company. The city heads have
called the National City franchise
contract proposals unacceptable
A second group. involving o
Roy Chalk, New York real estate
owner and airlines operator, and
Morris Fox. head Of a local truck
ing company, has matched the
National City bid, offered a big
ger down payment and offered
the company a $4,000 letter OF
credit. The Commissioners have
not agreed to its franchise pro-
posals.
The third group is composed
Of IL Washingtonians, headed by
Harry A. Mcdonald, former head
of the Securities and Exchange
Commission and of the Recon-
struction Finance Corp. under
President Truman. They have
offered to buy control of etc at
the National City price. equal
to $14 a share. The Commits
sioners finally reached an agree
ment with this group saying its
franchise proposals were accept
able to them.
So far, all discussion has been
In terms of additions to or sub
fractions from the House bill
Following is a summary of ma
Ior provisions of the various pro-
poSals:
THE BILL
l. Repeats last summers Law
killing the charter and franchise
Of Capital Transit Company.
2. Freezes for one year-until
August IA, 1957-the fares now
charged by Capital Transit
These were set in negotiation
between the Commissioners and
the company to end the 52-day
transit strike last summer.
8. Section 2a-Sets CTC's
System rate base" at $40. 256,678
rs of last July 81. This is a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-24
THE CHALK-FOX
PROPOSALS

Before the agreement between
the Commissioners and McDon-
aid group, the Chalk Fox group
was ready to take the House bill
with the amendments desired by
the Commissioners. provided
there was written assurance
either from Congress or the util-
titles commission-that the rate
base would be not less than SIS
million and the rate of return
not less than 6la per cent. The
commission refused to give such
assurances. Edward F.. Colladay,
attorney for the group. said they
might be satisfied with a state
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-24

the motor vehicle fuel tax reliei
provisions.
8. Require etc to carry out
progressive conversion to ar
Iall-bus operation within 81,
years under terms and con.
ditions prescribed by the Public
Utilities Commission. provided
the commission may extend thu
period
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-24
Franchise Terms Hold
Key to / ronsit Issue

Key continued operation of Washngtons transit system
private in the operating conditions
franchise either the dying Capital Transit any
other firm.
Under law only congress issue franchise which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-24

Solid Mahogany Corner Chino =. 279e5 1892
e-Pc. French Provincial DINING
Suite - Buffet, Chino, Toble, 2
Arm and a Side Choirs ------749e5 4e700
Block Lacquer Pier Cabinet 1918
Solid Mohooony Chest Sewer 1885 e7.S4
>7-Pc 18th Century Mohooony
Dinette-Buffet, Chino, Tobe,
Chairs Just to sell - 1885 1871
o-Pc Mohoo. Dining Room Suite
Buffet Chino, Toble. 5 Side and
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7-Pc. Modern Mocho Mahogany
Jr Dining Room Buffet, Chino,
Toble. 4 Side Chairs 1855 $500
Mohog Mirrored Door credenzo- 1895 1855
9-Pc Metz" Genuine Mahogany
Romon Provincial Dinino Room
Suite reokfront Chino, Buffet
able, a Side and z Arm Chairs. | 1880 l,z43OO
Evening star., 1956-03-29
Tunisio Election ENCOURAGES West

spur the cause of Arab nation
alism elsewhere in the Middle
East and to step up efforts to
WOO Iraq and Iran out of the
Baghdad pact, as well as to
keep Jordan out entirely.
Yet as long as there are con-
crete indications that there do
exist in the Arab world solid
forces for moderation, the
West can take heart and the
hopes for some sort of endur-
ing tranquility are encour-
aged. Tunisia, of course. is not
Jordan nor even Morocco.
There certainly are differing
factors. in both nature and
degree, to be found in the fer
ment of the Middle East. But
the results in Tunisia speak
loudly for the chances of sue
cess in keeping this critical
part of the world from becom-
ing the spawning ground for q
new world war.
With this bright bit Of reas-
surance, the West can now set
to work to strengthen the in
f1uence of moderate elements
among the nationalist-minde
Moslem peoples-if the West
will. On a basis of moderate
reform, there can be hope that
the colonialism bugaboo can be
set to rest as an endless topic
for Moscow propaganda. and
the foundation laid for solid
Arab support, at some time in
the future, for the salvation
Of the free world.
Evening star., 1956-03-29
Moose Tiqhtened on Traitors

has a constitutional right to
refuse to testify If the testi-
mony could injure his friends.
But Justice Frankfurter's COM
ment in the latest decision
confirms long-held view that
the duty of a man to protect
the rights of all the people
supersedes any individual
right, particularly when the
safety Of all the people is at
stake.
1t has been contended. for
example, that it is better
that so guilty men escape
than that a single innocent
person be compelled to test
lfy against his own wishes.
But this might be paraphrased
to say that it is better for
a whole city to be bombed
rather than that a citizen
who has knowledge Of the
enemy's plans be compelled
to divulge them in advance to
his own Government. to which
he claims allegiance.
Dissenting from the seven
justices who upheld the i'm
munity law are two justices
Douglas and Black-who feel
it should have been declared
invalid. They argue that the
immunity from prosecution
will not mean immunity from
'infamy," which they say
would pursue a witness even
if he isn't tried in a court.
The contention is made that
a man who is a confessed
Communist incurs a risk that
he will not be eligible for en-
ployment in the Federal Gov
ernment or in defense facili-
ties or that he might be dis
qualified for a passport.
The answer to this is a ques-
ton of fact. And the fact is
that persons who have shown
loyalty to their own Govern
ment by getting out Of the
Communist Party and telling
all they know have been and
still are in the Governments
employ. have been given pass
ports and do not suffer any
punishment If they tell the
truth and cooperate with the
authorities. If mere, publicity
Of an unfavorable nature is a
stigma, then, the whole court
system of America is at fault.
For every year thousands of
persons are indicted. with their
cases given wide publicity, and
then acquitted. Public opinion
can be relied upon to distin-
guish between those who
deserve "infamy" and those
who have courageously mani
tested their patriotism as well
as their loyalty.
Reproduction Rights Reserved
Evening star., 1956-03-29
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Heavy Vote Seen Significant in Foce
OF Extremists Call for Boycott

sounding vote of confidence
from the electorate, exercising
freedom of choice for the first
time in the history of that
ancient land.
There was only one opposi-
ton listed on the ballot, the
Communists, and few expected
they would attract much sup
port. They got only a relative
handful of votes. But the po-
tential for danger in the bal
loting lay in an effective boy
colt by the extreme Nation
alists.
Not only did the boycott
fail. but in some districts the
voter turnout approached two
thirds OF those eligible. Such
a turnout is better than the
United States has ever
achieved even in the hottest
presidential campaign.
With the voting out of the
way and the French conces-
sions to Tunisian independ-
ence ratified, the road is
cleared for the writing of a
constitution by the newly
elected delegates. The Bey of
Tunis. Mohammed ell Amin,
has already indicated he will
approve the national charter
the delegates draw up. Thus
will end one of the worlds
Oldest absolutiSms. even though
that absolutism has, since the
French took over. been a pure
technicality.
These events in Tunisia can
and undoubtedly will have a
profound effect on the imme-
diate future in Morocco and
Algeria. They will strengthen
moderate elements in both
regions, and will encourage
effort in Paris to work out
some sort of acceptable COM
promise with Nationalist lead
erS.
In Cairo. however, the
effects will be different. We
can probably look for a re-
doubled Egyptian effort to
Evening star., 1956-03-29

Despite the prevalence of
gloomy news from the Middle
East for so long a period.
Western capitals have savored
one very delicious morsel of
good cheer. at least, in the elec-
ton results in Tunisia.
That strife-torn French pro-
tectorate, technically an alb
solute monarchy under the
ruling Bey, has held the first
national election in its history
and the results were surpris-
ingly encouraging to the mod
crates who accepted the
French plan for home rule
offered during the regime Of
former Premier Pierre Mendes-
France.
Ever since the offer was
made and accepted by the
Neo-Destour Party, the lead
ing party in the National
Front under the top guidance
Of Habib Borguiba, dissident
and extremist Nationalists led
by Salah ben YousSef have
called for reputation of the
accord and for full independ-
ence in Tunisia. They have
stopped at no violence to back
up their demands, using am
bush, assassination and gen.
eral terror. AS the election
approached, ben Youssef, now
in exile, called for a general
boycott Of the balloting by all
true" Tunisian Nationalist.
Not only the French, but
all Western capitals. interested
as they are in bringing as
much tranquility to the Mid
die East as possible, were
worried about the election. If
the boycott were even par
TALLY effective, they feared the
impression on the rest of
troubled North Africa and the
boost that Egyptian propa-
ganda for Arab nationalism
would inevitably receive.
But their fears proved to be
groundless. for the moderate
National Front received a re-
Evening star., 1956-03-29
DORIS FLEESON
Senate Democratic Leader Is Seen
Facing interporty Bottle in Texas

All horseplayers argue that
when your luck is running bad,
you can't do anything right.
Senate Democratic Leader
Lyndon johnson is having a
run of bad luck and so far
the horseplayers' corollary ap-
pears to be true too.
The Senator's bad luck be-
gan last summer when a
massive heart attack benched
him just as a Johnson-for-
President boom began to get
off the ground. In the nine
months since then his doctors
have cleared him for active
service but the service itself
has plunged him into one
difficulty after another.
Last summer johnson pub
licity stressed his abilities as
an apt mediator between the
North and South wings of his
party, a successful conciliator
between Congress and the
White House. In the fast-de-
veloping politics of this presi-
dental year, it increasingly
describes him as a controver-
sial figure.
This week trouble pursued
him from his home in Texas
where he had hitherto man
aged to maintain his status
as a loyal Democrat without
being caught in the direct line
Of fire Of the pro-Eisenhower
faction led by Gov. Shivers.
It began when Speaker Ray
burn, patriarch of the Texas
loyalists. proposed that Texas
Evening star., 1956-03-29

send Johnson to the conven-
ton as its favorite son. Ray
burns prime purpose was to
make Johnson chairman of
the delegation and insure that
it would not walk out no mat
ter what slate was nominated.
An extra dividend was that
the move would box in Shiv-
ers. Rayburn has done a slow
burn since 1852 over the fact
that after Rayburn fought
hard as convention chairman
to seat the Shivers delegation,
Shiyers bolted to Eisenhower.
Shivers is now defiantly de-
manding that Johnson choose
between the Southern conserv-
atives and the New Dealers.
This is choice johnson has
spent his career as Senate
leader avoiding, but it appears
he cannot now escape a heated
contest in all the counties
of Texas.
Johnson's legislative prob
lens are better known. He
pushed the natural gas bill
and the President caught him
off base by vetoing it. The gas
bill gave birth to the lobby
inquiry which found johnson
siding with the Republican
Midwest Southern Democrat
coalition against the liberal
Senator Gore of Tennessee.
The tangled course Of the
farm bill was blamed on john
sons preoccupation with the
gas-lobby fiasco.
Democrats from the big in
Evening star., 1956-03-29
POTOMAC FEVER.
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Revenue agents seize Communist Party Offices The Eise-
hover team fighting the Reds with old
taxing the opposition out Of existence.
Stevenson to California stop Kefauver "boomlet"
Things tough for Ada these day-eveythngs booming
but the puns
Secretary Dulles says the United talks
were wonderful" there concrete results"
Translation We dckeed for two days didn't give away
penny.
Mamie Eisenhower gets hats for Easter This
should end the argument Ike the boss
at the White House.
Most reported opposed to Kefauvers campaign
for the presidency Nobodys for him peope-and
nobodys against him but those who know him best
The Daily Worker didn't pay always
lost Come comrades Ignorance of the law no
defense.
congressman start their spring vacation They've got to go
home again and explain how extra they've
doing to that raise they themselves year.
Evening star., 1956-03-29
THOMAS L. STOKES

Secretary of Interior Douglas
Mckay has, as we know, been
a favorite target of Democrats
because of policies on public
power and conservation Of
water and other natural re-
sources which they claim are
detrimental to the public in
tereSt.
He is withdrawing soon
from the line of fire. around
the middle Of April, to return
home to Oregon and enter the
race against Senator Wayne
Morse, the former Republic
can turned Democrat. His
coming retirement from the
Eisenhower cabinet was OBJ
served in the Senate by DEM
ocratic Senators, especially
from the Pacific Northwest. in
a sort of farewell hazing
session.
It was conducted by Senator
Richard L. Neuberger, Demo-
crat of Oregon, who began by
accusing the white House
CHG" of interfering in the
Oregon Republican primary by
putting the Secretary in the
senatorial race and thus, in
effect, taking sides against
other Republicans who wanted
to seek a seat in the Senate.
But this by-play, some Of it
Of the tongue-in-cheek vari-
ETY.. did not disguise the real
reason behind the Mckay
transfer. recognized by Demo-
Gratis, which Is that he was
becoming too heavy a political
load for the administration to
carry into the approaching
election campaign. The switch
from cabinet back to Oregon
Evening star., 1956-03-29
Neuberger and Colleagues Will Lose
Fovorite Target When He Leaves

was made possible when the
announced candidate against
Senator Morse-Gov. Paul l..
Patterson-died suddenly a
few weeks ago. The Secretary
formerly was Governor and so
seemed a suitable substitute.
In giving Secretary Mckay
q final going -over, Senate
Democrats recognized their
loss of a handy target through
which they have been hitting
at the administration. He was
described by Senator Neuber-
ger as "a national symbol Of
giving away of water power
sites, national forest timber
and wildlife refugees" When
Senator Mike Mansfield
democrat of Montana) inter-
posed that Democrats should
be very happy since the Sec
retary's retirement removes
from the Interior Department
an official whose policies they
deplored and provided a can
didate whom Senator Morse
could defeat, Senator Neuber-
ger agreed but in an obviously
half-hearted manner that in
dicated perhaps Democrats
are not too happy about losing
their whipping boy.
This points up once again a
weakness in Democratic STRAIT
egy, which is that they attack
agents Of the administration,
such as Mr.. Mckay and Secre-
tary Of Agriculture Ezra Taft
Benson, and very carefully
avoid hitting directly at the
head Of the administration,
the President himself. The
President Is. of course, respon-
sible for policy in these as in
other areas. Az for water re-
Evening star., 1956-03-29
Johnson's Troubles PiIinq Up?

dustrial States were already
muttering that Johnson's mid
die of the road program was
unsuited to the election year
requirements of their party.
After Senator Kefauver's tri-
umph in the Minnesota pri-
mary their mutters swelled to
complaints which have seeped
out of party policy meetings.
One Democratic Senator has
been heard to charge that their
leader spends most of those
meetings reading newspaper
criticisms of himself and in
effect asking for a vote Of con-
fidence. Johnson has been
hin-skinned about criticism.
The policy committee has a
counsel but it was announced
this week that the majority
leader had hired a new coun-
sci, James H. Rowe. Rowe is
an able veteran of many New
Deal battles who is currently
associated with the law firm
of Thomas G. (Tommy the
Cork) Corcoran, a political
strategist of note.
Rowe says he is only going
to help johnson with the work
that has piled up in the lead
er's Office. Capitol observers
quickly noted that johnson has
just taken on more work-the
post on the Appropriations
Committee left vacant by the
death Of Senator Kilgore Of
West Virginia. Further, he has
taken the Craftsmanship Of the
subcommittee on State, Justice
and the Judiciary, which is not
a sinecure.
Evening star., 1956-03-29
Supreme Court Decision Eases Task
Of Exposing Communist Conspiracy

about crimes committed by
others in the group with
whom the witness may have
associated.
The present law gives to
Federal judges the right to
grant immunity upon consid-
Grafton of an application filed
by the Department of Justice.
It is broad enough to cover
immunity also to witnesses be-
fore congressional committees,
but the Supreme Court, for
the time being. merely passed
on the validity of a particular
section of the law requiring
a witness to give testimony
before a grand jury. Obvious
ly. if congressional committees
are duly authorized by either
house and ask for witnesses to
testify in accordance with a
procedure specified in the law,
it becomes possible for the
Department Of Justice to
grant witnesses immunity If
they will tell all they know to
such congressional commit
tees. Since the circumstances
are parallel, 1t may be as
sumed the court will uphold
the rights of congressional
committees to compel testi-
mony from witnesses.
This opens up quite an op-
portunity for the Congress and
the executive branch of the
Government and the courts to
get valuable information about
espionage and other acts that
threaten the national security.
1t doesn't mean that those
who invoke the Fifth Amend
ment and are granted i'm
munity will not find some
other technical means of
evading full disclosure of what
they know. but a long step
now has been taken in, the
direction Of detecting acts of
treason.
For several years now many
of the so-called liberals"
have issued announcements
tending to argue that the
Fifth Amendment has not
been abused. The mere plead
ing of the Fifth Amendment
is. Of course. no proof of any
thing either the guilt or
innocence Of the witness. But
there has grown up a move
ment sponsoring the concept
that the Fifth Amendment is
all-inclusive and that persons
who invoke it may do so even
though they are not them
selves guilty of any crime. It
has been argued that a man
Evening star., 1956-03-29
DAVID LAWRENCE

The moose is gradually
tightening around the traitors
In our midst.
The Supreme Court of the
United States has upheld the
constitutionality Of the law
that Congress passed which
makes it easier for persons
who have knowledge of the
Communist conspiracy to tell
what they know without fear
Of prosecution themselves.
The way now is opened also
to compel those persons to give
testimony who have played a
part in the Communist con-
spiracy but have refused to aid
their own Government in run
ming down any other persons
involved in the conspiracy. The
loyal citizen, formerly a Com
munist, now has nothing to
fear by telling all.
There are many persons who
were duped by communism
and who did not participate in
any conspiracy. Some of them
have pleaded the Fifth Amend
ment before various tribunals.
This permits anyone to refuse
to testify If the testimony can
lead to his own conviction for
a crime. 1t is generally called
characterization" Some
witnesses have invoked the
Fifth Amendment as a means
of avoiding doing their duty
to their Government because
they were afraid to involve
their friends. But Justice
Frankfurter, speaking for the
Supreme Court, says in the
opinion handed down this
week:
g. 1t is every mans duty
to give testimony before a
duly constituted tribunal un-
less he invokes some valid
legal exemption in withhold
ing it,"
Up to 1854. a witness could
invoke the Fifth Amendment,
and there was no way to de-
termine whether he was seek
ing merely to protect himself
or to shield others. Then Con-
gress passed in 1854 a So
called immunity law" 1t
made possible an explicit
guarantee by the Federal Gov
ernment to the witness that
he or she would not be prose-
cuted for any crime involving
the national security, sedition
or treason to which the wit
ness might confess but, once
this immunity is granted, such
a witness cannot refrain from
telling what he or she knows
Evening star., 1956-03-29
McKoy's Foes Not Too Happy

sources and public power pol
icy, he laid it out plainly dur
ing his 1852 campaign speech
at Seattle outlining the part
nership" policy which was sub
sequently adopted.
Secretary Mckay has only
followed orders. If Democrats
expect to get out of the water
resource conservation issue the
potential it holds in the Pa
cif1c Northwest, the Southwest
and the South, they will have
to go to the top to fix RESPONSE
bility and also go behind the
President and put the finger
on the powerful interests for
whom he speaks on this issue.
How much information Is at
hand for this public service
was indicated a few hours
after the Democrats Senate
forum on Secretary Mckay
when the House Committee on
Government Operations re-
leased a report on an investiga-
ton it made of some phases
Of administration policy,
which adds to detailed infor-
nation compiled by other
committees on other aspects.
The majority report charged
Secretary Mckay, Undersecre-
tary Clarence A. Davis and
Assistant Secretary Fred G..
Aandahl with willfully follow
ing policies and practices
designed to subvert the Fed
eral laws set UP to give prefer
ence to rural electric co-opera-
tives and public agencies in
the marketing of power gen.
Grated at Federal dams"
Evening star., 1956-03-29
awards Are Won
By School Papers

Two Washington school news
papers have won national awards
in contest sponsored by the Ma
tional tuberculosis Association.
The st. Johns College High
School Sabre and Chamberlain
Vocational High School Trade
Winds are among 100 papers
cited for features. art work and
news stories on tuberculosis.
Nine schools here and List
schools nationally had entries in
the national contest.
Evening star., 1956-03-29

It's easy to register and
qualify as q District voter. Go
to registration headquarters
on ground floor Of the District
Building and Sign mp.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07

MISUNDERSTANDING, near Bradley
School; good lot, with many flowers
and shrubs; entrance hall, very
large living room with fireplace.
dining room. kitchen. Spacious
S screened porch "a 3 n nice bedrooms, 2
$3.50 til 8 pm. COLONIAL IN
VESTMENT m