davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1956-08-26
VIRGINIA
Stanley Proposal Poses
Quondory on Integrotion

both races will be invited in the
course of these studies"
The next day, the Associated
Press reported:
Gov. Stanley said he would meet
with the board (State Board of
Education) May 81 and dropped
his earlier plans for a conference
next week with State and local
government leaders"
Promises "oIl LeooI Moons"
June 25, 1854: 1T is not my
thought to do anything to destroy
the public school system. In
order that my position may be
clearly understood, / should like to
state further that l shall use every
legal means at my command to
continue segregated schools in Vir-
ginia."
August 80, 1854: The Associated
Press reported. THE Governor an
nounced the appointment OF the
commission (Gray Commission on
Public Education) Saturday and
said that while he originally had
planned to appoint a bi-racial cit
izenship committee, further
thought and many discussions with
citizens, school officials and legis-
lators led to the conclusion that a
legislative commission will be
best"
october S, 1854: Before the
Northern Virginia Builders Asso-
citation in Arlington, Gov. Stanley
said, I'VE here in Virginia want to
be law-abiding citizens and I'm
sure we will be-"
November IL, 1856: Gov. Stanley
released the text of the Gray Com
mission report. There were two
principal features pupil assign
ment plan and payment Of State
funds for the private education Of
children where schools may be
abolished or when the child would
have to attend an integrated school
against the wishes Of his parents.
The Governor praised 1t as "a
splendid report"
November 80, 1855: Addressing a
special session Of the General
Assembly, Gov. Stanley said: Il
concur Fundamentally in the rec
concentrations from this able, con-
scientious and dedicated group OF
legislators (the Gray commisslon) !"
July %. 1856: Gov. Stanley told
the Gray Commission he was sum-
moning the General Assembly 70
meet tomorrow. He said:
with the exception Of the as
signment plan. 1t Is my intention
TO recommend TO the special session
Of the General Assembly legislation
accomplish the objectives outx
lined In your November report"
Evening star., 1956-08-26

it. He took it with him to San
Francisco.
His hopes dwindled, however, as
he read in the newspapers on his
way across the country that his
Governor seemed to be taking him.
self out Of consideration for the
vice presidential nomination.
Gov. McKeldin, who went to San
Francisco week ahead of the con-
vention to preside over the Rules
Committee, told a press conference
there that he would not be a can
didate and he wouldn't want any,
body to nominate him.
The Governor also said he had
disSuaded State Senate Minority
Leader Harry T. Phoebus from his
earlier announced intention of
placing Gov. McKeldin's name in
nomination for the second spot on
the ticket.
That didn't sound at all en-
couraging to Mr.. Sauter, but he
decided that since he had carried
the doggone sign all the way across
America he might as we'll hang
onto it few more days. Besides
Gov. McKeldin was beginning to
sound like he might be in the race
after all.
The Governor was telling re-
porters about the time that Mr..
Sauter and his family arrived in
San Francisco that all it would
take to make in candidate for the
vice presidential nomination would
be some nod of approval from the
White House.
Then something happened that
sent Mr.. Sauter scurrying to his
hotel room to dust off his sign.
Word leaked out that there was
some sort of a list of five or six
names said to be acceptable to
President Eisenhower for his run
ming mate. Gov. McKeldin was
said to be one of those on the list.
That report kicked around all
last week end and Mr.. Sauter was
very happy man.
1t was at this time last SUNDAY.
to be exact-that Gov. McKeldin
was telling reporters that he felt
the convention would be wide open
as lar as the vice presidential race
was concerned. He said he felt
Mr.. Nixon still had the edge, "but
II 1our or five of us are nominated,
That situation might change"
End Of the Dreom
But on Monday, Gov. McKeldin
burst Mr.. Sauter's bubble for good
with statement that sounded very
much like the first one he had made
on that subject six days before.
Asked by reporters on the~con-
vention floor. if he were going to
allow his name to be placed in
nomination, he replied:
mo. would stop it."
That ended the "McKeldin for
Vice President" boomlet. which
probably never would have gotten
as far as it did if it had not been
for Gov. McKeldin's wanting it so
much. If his desire had been the
deciding factor. the Republicans
probably would have had an Eisen-
hover er'McKeldin ticket this fall.
What had happened to change
Gov. McKeldins mind between Sun
day and Monday is not clear. but
1t is understood that he mao been
talked to by Sherman Adams and
perhaps other high persons in the
administration.
Nobody was more disappointed
about it all than Mr.. Sauter yet he
was not discouraged. He brought
his sign home with him.
Gov. McKeldin is a wonderful
guy" Mr.. Sauter said. IT still may
get a chance to use my sign"
Evening star., 1956-08-26
POLITICAL INDIGESTION
Chinese Reds Are Having Trouble
Whipping Tibet Into the Porty Line

check posts all along the fringe Of
what 1t considers its territory.
Apart from stragglers, the Com
munist Chinese have not made any
attempt to violate Indian territory.
On several occasions, Chinese units
have retreated after they had been
told they were on Indian soil.
On the political plane,- the Peiping
regime is willing to accord Tibet .
special position. Agreement on
measures for peaceful liberation Of
Tibet" signed in May, 1851, has been
followed by the establishment Of
Preparatory Committee for Tibet
Autonomous Region (PCOTAR), /,
which will assume certain admins
trative powers even before the final
structure of Tibetan autonomy Is
set up.
Regional autonomy" is q vague
term. 1t appears Communist China
wants to impose on Tibet relations
similar to those between Russia and
Outer Mongolia; this amounts to a
state of vassalage under q facade
of independence.
Peiping is trying to hold the bal
ance Of power equally between the
Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama.
While the Dalai Lama is director of
PCOTAR, the Panchen Lama is the
deputy director. On an ALT China
basis, the Dalai Lama is vice chair
man of the Standing Committee Of
the National Peoples Congress,
while the Panchen Lama is a mem
ber. Again, while the Panchen Lama
is vice chairman Of the National
Committee of the Chinese Peoples
Political Consultative Conference,
the Dalai Lama is a member.
How the Tibetans will gulp the
pill of autonomy is still a matter Of
conjecture. History is witness that
ever since Chinese "suzerainty" was
thrust upon Tibet by Emperor Kang
Hsi in 1870, about dozen attempts
have been made by Tibetans to
throw of the Chinese yoke.
Evening star., 1956-08-26
By JAMES CARY

TOKYO.-Hulls of new ships rear
against the sky at Kure.
Blast furnaces and their load of
molten steel redden the night at
Yawata.
The hum of textile mills comes
from Osaka. Tokyo and Fujimiya.
And black wealth streams from coal
mines in Kyushu and Hokkaido.
The new Japan, risen from de-
feat, looms again on trade horizons
of the world.
Today, II years since its sur
render, Japan is first in the world
in fishing haul, second in ship
building, third in cotton textile pro-
duction, sixth in steel. It's foreign
exchange reserves had risen from
almost nothing to a postwar record
of $1,396,O00.000 in February of
this year.
Japan's rate Of recovery has been
the fastest Of all war-ravaged ma
tions. In percentages, it has out
stripped the spectacular showings Of
even West Germany, Italy, France
and Britain.
Perhaps even more significant is
that 1855 national income of
$l8.5 billion is Al per cent higher
in real terms than that of the
prewar boom period, 1934-36, and
japanese are spending SO per cent
moro living T1nn0~CikfAe
To grasp the scope of the change,
try to picture Japan on that steamy
day. August Is. 1945, when Emperor
Hirohito broadcast the end Of the
war.
One hundred and forty-flve cities
lay IN ruins. Most of the merchant
marine was at the bottom of the
sea. Thousands of homeless were
living in caves and dugout shelters.
Many were starving. Factories were
burned-out skeletons.
Now contrast this with the single
most outstanding economic fact in
Japan today: March and April in
dustrial production in the home
islands had scared to double that
Of 1934-36.
Many Reasons Given
How did it happen? Even the
Japanese aren't certain. The Eco
nomic Planning Board attributes it
partially to e. desire to lift our
selves from the depths of poverty
serious but not total damage
to production facilities United
States aid ($2 billion postwar as
sistance, So billion special receipts)
Evening star., 1956-08-26
Red Moves
In Burma

Disquieting reports from North
ern Burma yesterday charged that
a third and powerful force OF Chi
nese Red troops had invaded
Kachin state. and had fortified
positions only AZ miles from
Myitkyina, the state capital and
World War II goal of Allied forces
in the fight against the japanese.
Unlike the Wa state, invaded
earlier by Chinese units, the Kachin
border with China has been con-
sidered well defined. The area is
fairly populous and developed, with
none Of the forbidding jungle as
poets Of the. areas involved in pre-
vious invas,Sn reports.
Evening star., 1956-08-26
Continued From Page AIS

Is is missing and presumed dead.
The body of one, bearing bullet
wounds, was recovered from the sea
yesterday by the destroyer Dennis
j. Buckley, one of feet Of II var
ships securing the waters north
of Formosa for wreckage and evil
dence Of the fate OF the crew.
The big plane, a Navy Martin
Mercator powered by two jet and
two piston engines. radioed at 1925
am. Thursday, FoImosa time 12:25
pm. Wednesday, EST, that it was
under attack by unidentified air.
craft. 1t gave its position as ap-
proximately 100 miles north Of
Formosa and 80 miles of the
China coast. Nothing further was
heard from the plane.
BY late yesterday, the widespread
air and sea search had recovered,
besides the body Of the crewman,
wreckage Of the plane bearing evi-
dence Of fire, and inflated but
empty life RATS.
Communist China's Peiping radio
late Thursday revealed it knew
something Of the fate Of the miss.
ing plane when it reported that a
"Chiang Kai-shek aircraft had in
truded into Chinese air space over
the Maan and Chengs Islands, and
had been driven away by Red
fighters
And in the course Of the United
States 7th Fleets search for the
plane, Communist China protested
flights by American aircraft over
the Tachen Islands and in the area
near Shanghai. The Reds called
the flights grave provocation to
the Chinese people
While the search continued on
Evening star., 1956-08-26

strong efforts to curb in
fiation. :"
Others speak Of general postwar
prosperity that has buoyed econ
omies throughout the world stim-
illus Of Korean war orders and the
still-lingering worldwide hunger for
goods left in the wake of World
War II.
Probably a more accurate answer
lies in the industrious Japanese
people themselves, in the variety
of their technical skills. under
standing of mass production and
organization of society from top
to bottom to promote production.
But regardless of cause, the tide
of goods now pouring from Japa-
nese factories has overflowed home
shores. Screams of anguish have
Evening star., 1956-08-26


Whether the Tibetans will be
able to resist successfully the Com
munist Chinese control, no one can
hazard a guess at present. Nor one
will be forthcoming for some time.
Mountainous Lond
Tibet's 475,000-square- mile ter
ritory is studded with high noun
tains, with an average elevation of
10000 feet. Maximum extension is
300 miles from east to west and
600 miles from north to south. The
country has lately been opened UP
by many roads. Most important of
them are from Yuan in Sikang to
Gartok in far west with further
extension to Sinkiang), from Ching
hal to Lhasa, and from Lhasa to
the Indian border. A railway link
from Chinghai is under construc-
ton. The Communist Chinese claim
to have spent over $12O million on
these plans.
Badly armed Tibetan guerillas
must of necessity confine them
selves to jungles and mountain
hideoutS. but they can fight mod
ern Chinese Army longer than in
ordinary circumstances. The de-
struction of a few bridges can iso-
late regular troops most effec-
lively.
Communist Chinese garrisons are
concentrated on all vantage points
like Kanze, Chamdo, Giamda.
Lhasa. Shigatse, Gyantse and
Gartok. Chamdo also has one of
the biggest repair workshops in
China, where hundreds of Russian
made ZIS trucks can be seen any
day. Mobility of Red troops will.
thus, be insured. Moreover, Peiping
can requisition aircraft from three
to four air bases which have been
built in Tibet.
Against this the Dalai Lama's
army of 10000, before Liberation"
has been partly disarmed. The
remnants are equipped with only
light armament. New Tibetan units
raised by Peiping from among in
doctrinated youths of between l8
and rs have been put under Chi
nese commanders, though some
Tibetans have been appointed off,
GERS.
Thus, even a full-scale Tibetan
revolt might not put any serious
strain upon the Communist Chi
nese war machine as a whole, but
1t would be a blow to their propa-
ganda. Peiping claims to have
solved the problem of relations be-
tween the Chinese people and the
dependent minorities.
Peiping might also be reluctant
to use open force. for this would
mean taking sharp measures
against Tibetan Buddhism sooner
than they intended. Premier Chou
En-lai had himself admitted at
Bandung that the communication
OF Tibet would take so to 100 years.
A revolt would certainly put the
Dalai Lama into an awkward posi-
tion. Tibetans would look up to
him as the natural leader Of resist
ance while Peiping would demand
he use his influence to quell the
uprising.
Relations With Indio
If the present unrest spreads to
areas near the Indian border, it
might complicate chinas relations
with India. Ever since Chinese
maps showing parts OF Indian ter
ritory as belonging to China were
circulated in China. the Indian
government has been on guard
against possible incursions from
Tibet. Though the Indo- -Tibetan
frontier has never been precisely
demarcated. India has established
Evening star., 1956-08-26
DISTRICT
At Least WoIfson Era
Educated City Fothers

months and isn't sure of getting it
into effect for another four months.
Thus, his fares are frozen for 16
months and he faces the necessity
Of signing a new union labor
contract presumably with a
substantial wage increase - by
November l.
His only hope of increasing
revenues, then, is to find new busi-
ness in an effort to reverse the
industry's national trend toward
constant loss of passengers.
So far transit companies through
out the country have been able to
buck this trend only through IN
creasing fares and cutting service.
Several attempts to win back pas
engers have been made by increas-
ing service and cutting fares, but
none worked.
Congestion Moy Help
Other trends. however, may be
working in Mr.. Chalk's favor: The
auto industry did not enjoy its an
nual spring upswing in sales this
year, which may indicate the transit
passenger decline is hitting bottom.
sAt the same time traffic congestion
may start persuading motorists to
shift to streetcars and buses.
Ir any event one idea has been
pretty well taught to District Off
cialS during the city's year-long
labor pains over transit-if the in
dustry is to continue in private own
ership it must produce enough of a
profit to attract investors or the
investors will put their money into
something that produces a better
and safer return.
Evening star., 1956-08-26

come from some sectors Of the
American economy.
First it was cotton textiles. Then
tuna flsh, umbrella frames, pottery
and porcelainware. plywood, photo
graphic equipment, toys and high
fidelity speakers.
A storm blew up quickly in cotton
textiles. South Carolina and Ala
bama passed laws requiring mer-
chants, when applicable. to pronli-
nently display signs stating, Jap
anese textiles sold here"
United States textile. representa-
tives complained their cotton
blouse sales dropped 80 per cent,
gingham AZ per cent and velveteen
II per cent under japanese hit
and run tactics" of concentrating
on few key markets.
Evening star., 1956-08-26
DISTRICT
BY HECTOR MCLEAN

BY way Of epitaph for Capital
Transit Co., 1t might be said that
Louis E. Wolfson educated the
District government to the facts
Of life in the transit industry.
In the process he lost his fran
ehise. The benefit of the education
he administered fingers on, though,
to the advantage of o. Roy Chalk
and his newly established D. c..
Transit System, Inc.
The concessions granted by the
city to Mr.. Chalk are SO Substan-
tial and represent such a change
in basic ground rules of operation
that one is led to this speculation.
If the same concessions, and the
new governmental attitude which
goes with them. had been given to
Mr.. WolfSon'S CTC, would last sum-
mer's 52-day strike have taken
place? Would CTC still be in busi-
ness?
Capital Transit and its presi-
dent. j. A. B. Broadwater. for ex-
ample. asked initially for only two
things-faster action by the Public
Utilities Commission on fare in
creases and a more realistic view of
how high they should be.
Now, instead of waiting from
eight to fourteen months, D. c.
Transit can put its own fare in
creases into effect (subject to later
reduction) if the Utilities Commits
sion doesn't act within 100 days
after it is asked to do so.
This is in addition to actual and
potential exemptions from several
District taxes intended to let D. c.
Transit really earn a 6 per cent
return, either on its investment or
on its gross operating revenue.
No Fair Return
Mr.. Broadwater used to complain
that while the Utilities Commits
sion repeatedly said it would be
fair for CTC to earn between 6
and Z per cent, it never established
the fares which would produce this
result.
1t is interesting to note that the
only time after World War II that
CTC actually enjoyed such earn
ings (discounting book loses from
the writeoff OF investment in
trackage) was during the COM
pany's last year, when the fares
were set-not by the Utilities Com
mission-but by direct negotiation
between the company and the
District Commissioners.
Even so. the earnings dropped
sharply last month after a Scent
an-hour wage increase went into
effect just before Mr.. Chalk took
over.
Where this will leave Mr.. Chalk
in the long run remains to be seen.
Under his franchise, he can't even
ask for a fare increase for IL
Evening star., 1956-08-26
VIRGINIA
BY ALEX r. PRESTON
Mother. may go out to swim'
Yes, my darling daughter;


Hong your clothes on hickory limb
And don't go near the voter.
If Virginians follow the course
suggested by Gov. Stanley at to-
morrow's special session of the Gen.
eral Assembly. they may soon be
confronted with the same type of
quandary expressed in that child
hood rhyme.
The Governor has called the
Legislature into session to enact
his program Of withholding State
aid from any locality that inte-
CRATES its public schools, either vol
UNFAIRLY or under Federal court
order.
Several localities in the Old Do
minion already have been handed
Federal court mandates to end ra-
cial segregation.
Up until a week or so ago, Gov.
Stanley planned to ask the Assem-
bly, to give him the authority to
withhold the funds. Now. his latest
proposal given the Gray Commits
sion last week is to make the with
holding automatic If the races are
mixed in any school system.
Consequently, Virginia localities
are on the verge Of finding them
selves in the position Of man who
is damned If he does and damned
II he doesn't"
Why is the Old Dominion in such
a f1x today?
To some, the reason appears TO
be the leadership-or lack Of it.
that has been offered since May II.
1854. when the Supreme Court ruled
on the public school segregation
question.
Record of About-Foces
The latest revision OF Mr.. STAN
ley's plans to meet the problem
and resist the COURTS one of a
long series Of about faces for him.
Gov. Stanley appears to have
executed four earlier changes Of
directions since the decree was
handed down. This, coupled with
his request for authority to with
hold taxpayers funds from certain
localities is bound to make the
forthcoming legislative session
heated one.
AS for Gov. Stanleyis about faces,
the following Is from the record:
Two hours after the Supreme
Court decision, he pleaded for
"cool heads, calm study and sound
judgment" He added: Il shall call
together as quickly as practicable
representatives Of both State and
local governments TO consider the
matter and in keeping with the edict
Of kBe court. Views Of leaders Of
Evening star., 1956-08-26
REVIEW OF FOREIGN SCENE

orders from the Pentagon. top
United States officials in the State
and Defense Departments confer
red on what steps to take in this
latest of long series of attacks on
patrolling aircraft.
Evening star., 1956-08-26
By NARANJAN SINGH UPPAL

NEW DELHI.-Persistent reports
about unrest In Eastern and North
eastern Tibet indicate that Commu-
mist China is having trouble in
digesting this roof of the world"
nearly six years after Red troops
began their peaceful liberation"
A few months ago there were re-
ports Of insurrection in Northeast
ern Tibet, massacre of a Chinese
garrison, and punitive bombing Of
villages. There are now reports
that Communist Chinese forces
have moved tanks to protect the
Lhasa area from the threat Of an
anti Communist revolt.
In Eastern Tibet, heavy fighting
Is said to be in progress between
Tibetan guerrillas and Communist
Chinese troops. All routes to Lhasa
through Eastern Tibet have been
closed by guerrillas. while only a
single route remains through North
eastern Tibet.
Immediate cause Of the trouble
around Lhasa is the failure of
Peiping representatives to release
three resistance leaders now under
detention. despite previous assur-
ances. Their release was demanded
by the heads of three Lhasa monas-
teries who direct a total of 10000
monks.
Peiping is reported to have sent
a commission to Lhasa to inveSti-
gate the unrest in Tibet. Tibetan
lamas have demanded that IT,
betans be associated with the
commission and that the commits
sion should not include any per-
manent official of the government.
Greet Contrast
All this is in stark contrast to
the songs. dances and imported
acrobatics displays in Lhasa last
year when the Preparatory Com
mittee for Tibet Autonomous
Region" was inaugurated. Under
the watchful eye of Marshal Chen
vi, Communist Chinese Vice Pre-
mier. both the Dalai Lama and the
Panchen Lama, temporal and
spiritual heads of Tibet, had duti-
fully declared that their country's
ENTRY into socialism could be
achieved only under Chinese leader
ship"
Even at this meeting. held in
brand-new pavilion outside Potala
Palace, the Dalai Lama's residence,
there were frequent references to
-revolutionaries." Several
Tibetans insisted that changes
must come gradually. without in
fringing on the rights of religious
authorities.
In a country, which has had
quasi-religious administration for
centuries together. imposition of
Communist society through regi-
mentation must necessarily be un-
palatable to the people. OF a total
estimated population OF 5 mil
lion. every fourth man in Tibet is
a monk and every 18th woman a
nun. Some Of the monasteries
have several thousand monks each.
On several occasions, the Dalai
Lama has to denounce rumors OF
impending reforms as a vicious
fabrication" Tibet must be the
only country in the Communist
bloc where the building OF chanting
rooms for monasteries is listed
among the achievements OF so
cialistic reconstruction"
The program Of modernization,
begun in 1852, has introduced
banks. trading agencies, expert
mental farms. extensive transport
facilities and modern schools. But
with these have come higher taxes.
restriction OF the Dalai Lamas au-
thority, near monopoly by Commu.
mist Chinese Of Tibetsn trade. Com
munist methods Of indoctrinstion.
and PeAng's attempt to dikarm
certain actions Of the population.
Evening star., 1956-08-26
MARYLAND
Mr. Souter Never Got to Brondish
Thot Treasured Bonner of His

Gov. McKeldin didn't want to get
himself linked with Mr.. Stassen,
whose effort against the Vice Presi-
dent was making him mighty un-