Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-29

nary efforts, has barely been made
good in the past three years. The
nonagricultural force on the other
hand increased about so per cent
during this period.
= A prodigious effort has been
~ expended on scientific and
technical education. Soviet colleges
receive about 100000 students and
graduate about 100000 each year.
Total United States entrants and
graduates are about 10 per
cent higher, but the Soviets
train a far greater proportion
in the sciences than we do
In 1855 about so per cent of gradu-
ating full-time Soviet students were
in scientific and technical fields
compared with about rs per cent IN
the United States. In 1855, the
Soviet Union graduated from all
advanced schools about 10000 in
the physical sciences and engineer
ing and about $4,000 in the biologi-
cal sciences. In the United States
about $1,000 were graduated in the
physical sciences and $4,000 in the
biological sciences. At this greater
rate of graduation in sciences-now
10000 annually in the Soviet Union
as opposed to 1900 in the United
States-the SovietS will attain an
imposing advantage in number of
scientists and engineers in a few
years time if they and we continue
at our present rates.
The USSR now has about two
thirds the numbe of scientists that
the United States has in the re-
search and teaching aspects of
physical and biological sciences:
10000 versus 100000. In research
alone, the USSR has about half the
United States number; 10000
versus perhaps 100000.
n AS I indicated above, Soviet
t. industry has advanced by re-
lying on the accumulated scientific
and technical developments in the
free world. Soviet leaders have
telescoped a century and a half of
painstaking research effort into a
few years and have realized all its
benefits at relatively little cost to
themselves.
The principal long-term economic
task of the Soviets as expressed in
the sixth Swear plan. is TO over
take and surpaSs the most de-
veloped capitalist countries as re-
CARDS per capita production"
This general objective has been
thus amplifled by Saburov, men,
Der OF the Politburo:
III is true thot we hove not vet
caught up to the United Stotes either in
the volume Of production per eopito, ond
so for in the volume Of industrial produc-
tion per eopito. However, the poee Of
our development, which by mony times
exceeds the poee Of the growth Of indus
try in the United Stotes, permits US to
overcome this logging behind within q
very short historic period OF time"
If this goal is to be achieved it
means that forced draft industriali-
cation will be continued not only
through the sixth 5-year plan,
but beyond. 1t will be accompanied
by low standards of living. con-
tinued poor housing. few services,
very expensive clothing and an
adequate but uninspiring diet. Hours
of work will be high by United
States standards even though
some further gradual reduction
from the recently announced 46-
hour week may be expected. The
individual will have relatively little
freedom to select either his occupa-
ton or place of work. How long
will the Soviet men and women
tolerate this?
Soviet plans for the next five
years, II they are met. will sig
nificantly strengthen the USSRs