davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1956-10-04
Educators Plan
Reading Problems
Workshop At B. C..

Public school teachers from Allen
county and adjoining counties will at
tend a workshop in pupil reading
problems on the Bluffton college cam
pus Saturday, November 8, it was
announced this week.
The workshop program is being
planned by Miss Ada Lapp, assistant
professor of elementary education,
and DR.. j. S. Schultz, professor of
teacher education at the college, in
cooperation with A. B. Murray, super
intendent of Bluffton schools, Wilmer
Bechtel, high school principal, and
Miss Meredith Stepleton, principal of
the Bluffton elementary school.
Russell Slater of Columbus public
schools and Calvin Workman, direc-
tor of the Robin Rogers school in
Lima, will serve as speakers and
consultants at the meeting.
Prospective teachers from Bluffton,
Findlay and Ada have also been in
vited to attend the workshop. A noon
luncheon will be served on the cam
pus.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1956-10-04
Amstutz Leghorns
On Top In Missouri
Random Sample Test

Heisdorf & Nelson White Leghorns
from AmstutZ Hatcheries, Celina,
Ohio, surged~ into the top spot in the
final standings of group "B" Of the
Second Missouri Random Sample Egg
Laying Test last week, according to
an item in the The Poultryman,
national poultry raiser's newspaper
published in New Jersey.
The Amstutz entry, which had been
in tie for second best income on
July 29, turned in a final income over
feed and chick costs of S424 per
bird in the 500-day trial. The birds
held a profit margin of liz cents
over Dekalb 101 hybrids from Mot
ter's Hatchery, Edna, Mo-, which had
led the test since the April report.
Following close behind the Motter
pen, with an income over feed and
chick costs of S4.11 per bird, was
another entry of'DeKalb 101 hybrids,
this one entered by Trojan Hatchery,
Troy, Mo.
The Amstutz Hatcheries of Celina,
Ohio, is associated with the Amstutz
Hatcheries in Bluffton, Pandora and
other parts of the state.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1956-10-04
Auto Crash Injuries Prove Fatal
For Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Stettler, 70

Funeral services were held We'd
nesday afternoon at the Diller Funeral
home and st. Johns Evangelical and
Reformed church for Mary Elizabeth
Stettler, 79, Bluffton, who died at
8:55 a. m. Monday in Wood County
hospital of injuries suffered in an auto
accident Sunday evening west of
Tontogany in Wood county.
Mrs. Stettlef, who had gone to
Maumee from Bluffton only two
weeks ago to stay for time with her
daughter, had gone for a ride with
the daughter, Mr.. and Mrs. William
Cox when the accident occurredA
The Cox auto, travelling north on
State Route SO, collided with an auto
driven by James r. Digby, II, of
Bowling Green, at the intersection of.
State Route 10.
Also injured in the accident was
John Cox, 13, who is in critical
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1956-10-04

condition at Wood County hospital
with a possible skull fracture and a
puncture of the right lung.
Mr.. Cox, his wife, Marcella, and
a daughter, Jane, also injured in the
accident, were treated at the hospital
and released. The Digby youth was
uninjured.
Born October II, 1876, in Richland
township, Mrs. Stettler was the
daughter of Elias and Anna (Balmer)
Matter. She was married to H. Calvin
Stettler who died in 1854.
She was member of st. Johns
Evangelical and Reformed church
in Bluffton and its Ladies' Aid
Society.
The Rev. v. c. Oppermann con-
Quoted the services Wednesday with
burial in Maple Grove cemetery.
Surviving are daughters, Mrs.
Naomi Wiebe of Willard; Mrs. Mar
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1956-10-04
SUiss Male Chorus
Begins RehedrsaIs

The Swiss Male Chorus will begin
rehearsals for the coming season
Monday evening at $3.50 o'clock at
st. Johns Mennonite church, it has
been announced by James Suter,
president of the chorus.
The chorus will be under the direc-
ton of Bryon Steiner this year. Other
officers include Ellywn Hartzler, bus
mess manager, Donald Steiner, treas
urer, and Evan Welty, librarian. All
men wishing to sing with the group
are invited to do so.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1956-10-04

son gets fully underway, Bluffton
FLA youths will carry safety mes
sages to every corn picker operator
in the area.
On the snouts of pickers, the FLA
boys will paste green ard white stick
ers reading: 'The operator of this
picker is cooperating with the Future
Farmers of America and the Agri-
cultural Extension Service to reduce
accidents"
"A packet containing the stickers,
safety bulletins and suggestions for
carrying out the program has been
received by the Bluffton FLA from
the extension service.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1956-10-04
REAL ESTATE DEALS

The following real estate transfers
were reported during the past week
by the office of the Allen county re-
corder:
Bluffton-Aldine Weiss Jr., eft al to
Thelma M. and Ralph L. Garrett,
part lot 10, tax 55c.
Rockport- r. and Betty
Jane Wood to David F. and Cora B.
Jaggers, lot 10, tax 55c.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1956-10-04
Blufton FLA Boys Revive Campaign
To Reduce Farm Corn Picker Accidents

For each hour of use the corn
picker is one Of the most danger
Gus machines on the farm. Each
year hundreds of farmers lose
arms and hands in its swapping
rolls.
Recognizing these facts, mem
bers of the Bluffton Future Farm
ers of America are joining other
such organizations in launching a
corn picker safety program geared
to remind picker operators and
owners that, when misused, their
machines can be deadly.
Don Obermeyer, Bluffton high
school vocational agriculture instruc-
tor, said that before the picking sea-
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1956-10-04

COVER MAN-R. L. TripIett,
founder of The Triplett Electrical
Instrument Co., and chairman of
its board, poses above as "Cover
Man" on the front page of
ReUiStd Trdnsmisiones, a leading
electronics trade journal publish
ed i'm Mexico.
The publication previously
featured a Triplett Model $40
Volt Ohm meter on its front
cover.
Sales of the local firms pro-
ducts are handled by Radio
Surtidora, s. A., of Mexico City,
headed by Senor Jacob
Margules, prominent figure in
trade circles there.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1956-10-04
Band Mothers Raise
S215 On Concessions

Bluffton Band Mothers were $215
closer to their goal of new uniforms
for the high school band as result
of handling the refreshment conces-
sions at the Prevue football game
several weeks ago at Harmon Field,
according to a report on the project
by Mrs. Kathryn Little.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1956-10-04

TOTAL MILK produced in 1856 is
likely to reach a record level of 127
billion pounds, compared to 1875
billion in 1855, according to Ohio
State University extension econo-
miStS.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1956-10-04

celia Cox of Maumee; son, Theo-
dore, of Cleveland; sisters. Mrs. Edna
Leiber, Bluffton; and Mrs. Gladys
Leiber, Route 5, Lima; brothers,
Chester, of rural Bluffton land
Orville of Bluffton. There are also six
grandchildren.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-05
123 Persons Hurt
In Home Accidents

District hospitals treated 1913
residents last week for injuries
received at home, the District
Red Cross Safety Services an
nounced yesterday.
Leading the list of reported
home accidents were SIS falls
four resulting in death-followed
by % cuts. 9 poisonings and 8
burn cases. Also reported, the
Red Cross said, were Z instances
of foreign objects in ear. eye and
throat.
Last weeks toll brought the
number of reported home acci-
dents to 3.794 so far this wear.
compared TO 1859 such cases for
the same period last year. The
four fatalities raised the num-
be- Of home accident deaths 10
ll8 this year, compared TO 1902
for The same period in 1856,
the Red Cross said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-05
Reunion SET
AtCarnp LET'S

Camp Let's 50th anniversary
will be observed today by an
"old-timers' reunion" at the
camp near Mayo, Md.
The program for old timers,
members of their families and
friends will start officially at 3
pm. EST. Those who wish to
go swimming or boating are in
Vited an hour and a half earlier.
Camp Director Fred Carl will
open the program by welcoming
the visitors and there will be a
5Oth anniversary dedication serv-
Ice at the open-air chapel. The
visitors will have an opportunity
to see the 200 campers in their
various activities. Buffet supper
will be served.
The camp was founded by
John Cowan Let's in 1906 on the
South River. 1t moved to its
present site in 1929.
After serving more than 1000
boys in its regular season, Camp
Let's will maintain off-season
activities as a family camp, a
conference center for churches.
schools, YMCA organizations and
similar groups and as a SWIM
ming school for the YMCA safety
program.
The tents Of the early rugged
days have given way to "a log
cabins, a dining lodge and a
fleet Of rowboats. canoes and
sailboats, including a two-masted
schooner.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-05
Camps Slate
Directors DAY.

Annual Directors Day" activi-
ties will be held at the two
Metropolitan Police Boys Club
summer camps in Scotland. Md.
today.
Police Chief Robert v. Murray
and Club President Thomas G.
Carney are expected to head the
delegation Of club directors.
police officials and civic leaders
making the annual trip.
Members of the Ladies Aux
illary and parents and friends
OF the boys also will be on hand.
The program will start at 2 pm.
with a concert by the boys club
10O-piece band under the direc-
ton OF Leon Brusilof at Camp
Ernest w. Brown, and a concert
by the clubs drum and bugle
corps at Camp No. 2.
Boys now having two-week va
cations at camp will stage athle-
tic contest and exhibit craft and
hobby projects. Dinner will be
served in the camps mess halls
at S pm, followed by flag lower
ing ceremonies and band awards
presentations at 6 pm.
Among others expected to at
tend are Edward r. Carr, first
vice president: Omer w. Clark.
second vice president; Fred A.
Smith. Leon Chatelain, jr.; Ralph
D. Pittman. Wash B. Williams
DR.. Joseph L. B. Murray, Robert
c. Simmons. Morris Cafritz,
John A.sPemon and Raymond F
Clarity, past presidents; C. Max
harrington. executive secretary
and Mrs. Ralph D. Pittman,
president Of the Womens aux
Hilary.
The two camps, under direc-
ton of Capt. Forrest l.. BinSwan-
ger, provide free tWo-week vaca-
tons for some 1900 youngsters
each summer. They are main
tanned by funds from the annual
Metropolitan Police Boys Club
campaign for adult member
ships.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-05

ANNIVERSARY-The Rev.
Hugo M. Hennig, pastor
emeritus of First Trinity
Lutheran Church, and Mrs.
Hennig will be honored on
their 50th wedding ami
versary at a special service
at Z pm. tomorrow in the
church, Fourth and E
streets NV. Mr.. Hennig,
retired in 1850. The couple
has four children and seven
grandchildren. They live at
$50 South Twenty-second
street, Arlington, Va.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-05
FubIicists Meet

The American Public Relations
Association will hold a luncheon
m citing at 1918 pm. Wednes-
day at the Burlington Hotel
{ Colburn Hardy OF Carl Byoir
a. Associates Of New YORK viii
discuss Public Relations IN Ac-
tion-A Case History Of the
Folding Paper Box Association.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1956-11-29
Gambler Is
Released
On Bail

Kelly Jackson, q, of Cleve-
land, indicted by the Geauga
grand jury in special session
last week and charged with pro-
noting and carrying on a
scheme of chance known as
clearing house, gave bond of
$500 for appearance at trial
Dec. 5, when arraigned before
Common Pleas Judge Harold
Richmond.
He was the 9th person in
dlcted as the result of raid
on Locust Motel in cambridge.
William Macdonald was ap-
pointed attorney for Frank Nc
Elrath, 38, of Cleveland, indict-
ed on a charge of stealing and
damaging 5000 feet of telephone
cable, property of Western Re-
serve Telephone Co. His bono
was set at S., 1000.
C.. E.. Smith was appointed
attorney for Raymond Crilow,
IS, RID 2, Burton, indicted on
"a charge of stealing 500, pro-
perty of Harry Henry. His bond
was set at $500 pending trial
Dec. 5.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1956-11-29
Plan Dance
at Mur1son
Dec. %

Plans for Mid-Holiday-Dance
on Saturday, December 29th at
Pebblebrook Farms, Heath
Road and Route 322 are well
under way.
At 8 pm. Joe SedlOn's and
Bill Lytle's wonderful orchestra
will have you swinging and
swaying to their melodious tunes.
Then a midnight buffet supper
to re-vitalize you to dance on
and on and on.
All this fun and food for a
pre-dance sale price of $500 a
couple or $500 a couple at the
door. Dress is optional.
Proceeds 60 to help, put the
Munson Volunteer Fire Depart
ment in business. The Ladies
Auxiliary of the MVFD is the
sponsoring group.
Contact the following commit
tee for tickets: Mr.. and Mrs.
John Jensen, Mr.. and Mrs.
Joe Kaszuk, Mr.. and Mrs.
Arthur Dade.
Mr.. and Mrs. Birch Matthews
Mrs, Katherine Schlesinger, Mr.
and Mrs. Earl Bigam, Mr.. and
Mrs. Bill Armstrong.
Mr.. and Mrs. Bill Lytle, Mr.,
and Mrs. Ed McGeough. Mr.
and Mrs. Joe Sedlon, DR.. and
Mrs. H. b. Thomas. All o1
MunSon Township.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1956-11-29
2 from Chardon at
Ohio Wesleyan

Two students from Chardon,
Ohio are completing their first
semester of their freshman year
at Ohio Wesleyan University,
at Delaware, Ohio. They are:
Suzanne Thornburgh, daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. Rex Thorn
burgh of Ill Fifth Ave., and
Catherine McGeough, daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. Edward Nc
Geough of RID. Q.
Suzanne graduated from Char
don High where she was act
i've in the choir, G.A.A. and
tri H.Y. She is majoring in
physical education. Catherine,
also a Chardon High graduate,
participated on the cheerleading
squad, Glee Club and G.A.A.
Ohio wesleyan University, now
in its l14th year, is a liberal
arts college with an annual en-
rollment of 1000 men and wo-
men students.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1956-11-29
Offer Shots to All Adults
Throughout County

tGeauga County will be as
free from cases Of polio as II
Is from cases OF smallpox and
diptheria if people in the age
bracket of 20 to 40 will turn
out in large numbers for the
inoculations offered by the
health department. SAYS DR..
w. G.. Edmunds, county health
commissioner
About IS per cent Of the
school children and pre-school
children have received protect
ion against polio but beyond the
age of 20 there have been rela-
lively few who are protected
against the disease, says the
doctor. The health department
is most anxious to provide this
older group with this protection.
Two inoculations can be given
before Christmas, and third
about May which would give
a m t complete protection
against the paralysis Of polio
for the polio season Of 1857
Everyone should take advantage
of these inoculations in order
to protect themselves, their
families, and the community.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1956-11-29
Especial to the Recordl

= =
NEW YORK, Nov. rs The
buying public in Geauga County
has been stepping up its spend
ing for services. It is using
more Of its available income,
after satisfying the demands of
the butcher, the baker and the
landlord, for those groups Of
iutangibles called services.
These include beauty care,
upkeep Of clothing, automobile
repair and storage, movies, bowl
TIGHT LINE ABOVE
ing and a host of other luxuries,
ranging from linen and diaper
supply to interior decorating.
In Geauga County, they have
become $3,595, 600 industry,
with 1873 establishments in opera
ton. The volume represents
spending at the rate of $443
per local family annually.
This compares with $377 per
family SO spent in the United
States and 1854 in the East
North Central States after rul-
ing out cities over 1000, 600.
Excluded from the figures are
the amounts going for house
rental, or its equivalent In the
case OF home owners, and out
lays for medical care and legal
services.
OF the expenditures in Geauga
County, $435, 900 went for the
various kinds of personal SER
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1956-11-29
Open House to Honor
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Hill


Open house In honor of the
golden wedding anniversary of
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry O. Hill, ST.,
will be held in the IOOF hall at
Burton, 2 to 5 pm, Dec. 2
Mr.. Hill was former sheriff
of Geauga County and also was
Geauga County Treasurer.
Mrs. Hill, the former Vesta
Murray, was born in Lima, o.,
Oct. s, 1886. the daughter of
Mr.. and Mrs. George Murray.
Mr.. Hill was born in Troy town
ship, Dec. 2, 1888, son of MIR.
and Mrs. Daniel Hill.
Their children are Clarence
Hill, Burton; Mrs. Vivien Trask,
Chardon; Harry Hill Jr., Bur-
ton; Mrs. Ethel Root, Chardon;
Charles Hill, Euclid; Mrs. Jean
Ishee, Burton. A daughter, Fret
da, wife of Lloyd Burr,s died
several years ago. There are Is
grandchildren and one great
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1956-11-29

grandchild.
Mr.. Hill worked for the Tel
ling-Belle Vernon Co. for nine
years, he was county treasurer
two years and sheriff eight
years. He owned a Claridon
farm for five years and now
runs the Hill Hardware Store
with his son, Harry, in Burton.
He is 32nd degree Mason and
member of the Odd Fellows and
Rebecca Lodges.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hill are mem
bers of the Burton Congrega-
tional church where she has
been active in the Bible class
and also In the Rebecca Lodge
Hostess at the golden wedding
celebration will be their child
rem, sons-in-law and daughters
in-law. Mrs. Vivien Trask, Mrs.
Ted Root, Mrs. Charles Hill,
Mrs. Harry Hill.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1956-11-29

inc a navy blue knit sheath with
red accessories and the corsage
from her bridal bouquet.
Upon their return about Dec.
they will live at 218 East Ex-
change Street, Sycamore, T..
Mrs. Parsons is graduate OF
the Vernon, Ohio, high sch0l
and attended Spencerian Busi-
ness College at Cleveland. Ohio.
Mr.. Parsons is graduate Of
Chardon high school and at
tended Ohio University at At
hens, Ohio.
Both Mr.. and Mrs. Parsons
are employed at Duplex Pro-
ducts, Inc, he as plant superin-
tendent and she as secretary to
vice president, Lucien Smith.
Included in the guest list were
the brides mother, Mrs. Mer-
rit A. Garlock Of Burghfl1, O.,
her brother, Harold Garlock
and her sister-in-law, Mrs. Gene
Garlock, and a nephew, Robin
Garlock all Of Burghill. Charles
Joslin, her sisters husband, Of
Somerville, N. j. was also pre-
sent. The groom's' mother, Mrs.
Mary Manno Of Chardon, Ohio
was among those present.
Others Included friends from
Sycamore, DeKalb and Geneva.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1956-11-29
Geanga Red Cross to Accepf
Aid for Hungarans

Geauga County Chapter. Amer
lean Red Cross has been auth
orized to participate in the new
and increasingly urgent appeals
for Hungarian aid. To meet
these needs, National President
Ellsworth Bunker has said Red
Cross chapters across the coun-
try will accept contributions to
be earmarked solely for Hung
arian assistance.
In view Of the desire on the
part of many groups and in
dividuals to personally take part
in providing assistance to the
Hungarian people it has been
announced that new or cleaned
used wool blankets, new sweat
ers, Jackets and coats, vitamins
and antibiotics will be accepted
for shipment to the refugees
through the international Red
Cross, all sweaters and coats
should be sized and used blank.
cts cleaned.
Through Operation Mercy"
Red Cross is prepared to give
any assistance to Hungarian re-
fugees who arrived at Camu
Kilmer, N. j. early this week
in extending any services which
might be requested by the
military authorities handling the
details of the Hungarians' en-
trance into this country. The
services will include among
other activities, processing of
welfare inquiries and counseiing
Of the refugee families while
they remain on the military
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1956-11-29
IN SERVICE


Burdette p. Beech, son Of
Mr.. and Mrs. r. A. Beech of
Burton, Ohio, is graduated from
recruit training Nov. 10 at the
Naval Training Center, Great
Lakes, III.
The nine weeks of boot
camp" included drill and in
struction in seamanship, gum
cry, life saving, sea survival,
boat handling, and the use of
small arms.
Following two weeks leave,
graduates report to shipboard
duties or service schools depend
ing on the qualifications each
has demonstrated.
U. S. FORCES, GERMANY
Army PFC Thomas D. Kline,
20, son of Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph
j Kline, Route / HuntSburg,
Ohio, is a member of the 18th
Airborne Division in Germany.
Kline, who arrived overseas
last January, is a cook in Com
pany G of the divisions 503d
Regiment.
The 1854 Middlefield High
School graduate entered the
Army in May 1855 and COM
pleted basic training at Fort
Leonard Wood, Mo.
Richard C.. Naramore, son of
Mr.. and Mrs. H.B. Naramore
of Taylor Rd., has been rated
Fetty Officer 3rd. class.
Richard joined the Navy in
September 1855. He had boot
training in Great Lakes, Ill.
Then six months training at
Norman, Okla, and Memphis,
Tenn.
He studied aircraft mainte-
nance, specializing in plane sur
face repair and hydraulics.
His address is: Richard &C.
Naramore .AM3, 479-13-30 vR31,
MAS, Norfolk, Va.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1956-11-29
4 Chardon Students
at Western Reserve


Four residents Of the Chardon
area. are among the new stud
ents who entered Western Re-
serve University In Clevland,
Ohio, for the winter session.
Western Reserve is made up
of three undergraduate colleges
Adelber., Mather, and Cleveland
Ccllege--and eight graduate and
professional schools including
School Of Dentistry, School OF
Law, School Of Nursing, School
of Medicine School of Business,
School Of Applied Social Scienc-
es, School of Library Science
and Graduate School.
Enrolled in Adelbert College
are: Harold A. Cubberley Of
Holly Hill Rd., Novelty, Law
renee H. Kovats Of RID. |,
duntsburg, and Keith B. Singer
man Of RID. 4, Chardon.
David L. Titus of Sherman
Rd., Chesterland, is enrolled in
the School of Dentistry.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1956-11-29

'SerrceI Three and q Half Million
Dollar Business in Geanga

vice, $253 900 for auto repair
and storage, and 81, ,907 900 for
motion pictures, sports and the
broad remaining group of gen.
eral services.
The facts are disclosed in q
report of the Department of
Commerce, now being issued,
based on nationwide survey
of the service industries. 1t
offers the first comprehensive
picture of this huge market
since l948. The data, covering
the previous year, was gathered
in 1855.
Great Importance is being
attached to the growth of these
industries. While their gains
have been part of the broad
expansion of income and spend
ing in recent years, the outgo
Of dollars for services has risen
more sharply than for conSum-
er goods.
The ability to spend more
for services, as in Geauga
County, underscores the advance
in living standards. More people
have the money now to indulge
in such comforts and Injuries.
They have added time at their
disposal, also, thanks to the
shorter work-week, and are
therefore spending more money
for recreation, which has ex-
panded 20 percent, nationally,
since 1913.