davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-06

the heelS OF supreme court Qecl-
sions ordering equality among
races.
The fear of the white moder-
ate is not so much one of physi-
cal harm as of fear of economic
or political ruin, although there
admittedly is a real danger Of
violence in the present situation
down here.
Various types of economic boy
colts are in practice. Business
men, caught in the middle of
rumors that are passed along
by word of mouth and generally
are unfounded, find their trade
drying up. This type of boycott
has received little or no publicity
but nevertheless is becoming
more and more prevalent in the
South.
Businessman Silent
A prominent Birmingham bust
nessman. who at one time took
the lead in attempting to pro-
mote better race relations, has
become completely silent since
the riotous incidents attending
the efforts of the Negro coed,
Autherine j. Lucy, to get into
the University of Alabama.
You can see that I am
afraid" he told me in asking not
to be quoted. Il am not afraid
for personal reasons. I fear what
might happen to my business if
I spoke out now. After all, a
great number of people are de-
pendent upon my business for
their livelihood. All Of us might
be ruined if I spoke my piece
at this time"
In q Dilemma
A leading member Of the
clergy, who believes a workable
solution could be found to the
race problem, told me:
"OnIy d very few. If any,
members of the clergy can
preach their convictions without
breaking their relationship with
their congregations. The minute
you mention the race problem
you are suspect. We are on
the horns of a dilemma. We
can't allow ourselves to be shut
up, yet there is a question of the
most constructive thing to do at
the present time"
Another businessman, whose
firm does a Statewide trade,
told me how he has been caught
between silent boycotts by both
whites and Negroes.
The whole thing started with
Ia racial incident doWnState of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-06

which, at the time, he wasn't
even aware. Gradually the rumor.
completely unfounded, spread
over the State that this man
had contributed to the National
Association for the Advance
Iment of Colored People. The
size of the contribution" at one
time reached 100000. More and
more white merchants refused
to handle his product.
Boycott Results
The businessman, from an old
Southern family. said he started
a counteroffensive in which he
only attempted to show he had
given nothing to the NAACP.
His campaign succeeded in
launching the rumor that he
was a contributor to the Violent
lily prosegregationist White Citi-
zens' Councils. The Negroes
stopped buying his product. At
the moment he is being boy
cotted by both sides and his
business has dropped alarm
Iingly.
This is no isolated case. At
least a dozen similar instances
lof boycotts have been brought
to my attention, some of them
involving products familiar to
everyone. In nearly every case
the rumor behind the boycott
is the same, to the effect that
the manufacturer or distributor
contributed to the NAACP.
Hold Strategy Talks
Representatives OF number OF
the firms involved in the boy
colts held q strategy" meeting
yesterday. They considered vari-
Gus measures, including the hir-
ing of a large detective agency te
track down and nail rumors. II
was decided finally the best
course was just to sweat out
THE situation and hope the
rumors would cease.
Local newspapers, on the
theory that publicity would dc
See ALABAMA, Page At
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-06

pul9onin. ro9e Ali
plea tor a Soviet-American
friendship pact. Instead, Mr..
Eisenhower referred back to the
original subject of his exchange
with Mr.. Bulganin-disarn1a-
ment.
/ Would Stress Atom Curb
! Mr.. Eisenhower said it would
be difficult to agree on reduc-
tons in the general level Of
armed forces. SO efforts should
be concentrated on controlling
the nuclear threat.
/ GAS an important step for this
purpose and assuming the salts
factory operation of our air and
ground inspection system" Mr..
Eisenhower wrote, the United
States would be prepared to
work out, with other nations,
suitable and safeguarded ar
arrangements so that future pro-
duction of fashionable materials
anywhere in the world would no
longer be used to increase the
stockpiles of explosive weapons.
with this could be combined
my proposal of December 8, 1858,
to begin now and continue to
make joint contributions from
Iexisting stockpiles of normal
uranium and fashionable mate.
rails to an international atomic
agency.
The President declared these
measures would reverse the pres
emit trend toward a constant in
crease in nuclear weapons over
, hanging the world" He added
that his ultimate hope is that
all production of flssional, ma
terials anywhere will be devoted
; exclusively to peaceful purposes. +"
Mr.. Eisenhower said that dur
, ing the early phases of his pro-
, posed new program, both the
! USSR and the United States
would have very extensive mill
tary strength including stocks OF
Inuclear weapons"
U. S. to Keep Strength
| II wish to make it clear that,
so far as the United States is
. concerned, we would continue to
hold such strength, not for
; aggression, nor for narrow ma
tional purposes. but as a contri-
, button toward world stability in
this transitional period" the
President said.
All of Mr.. EisenhoWer's pro-
gram hinged on international
agreement for adequate inspec-
Ition of any arms limitation. Mr..
Eisenhower renewed his long
standing proposal for mutual
aerial inspection of American
and Soviet territory. He said
he was confident that his open
|, skies" plan, combined with Mr..
iBulganin's suggestions for ground
inspectors at key points such as
Continued on Page AS, Col. S
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-06
Eisenhower to Meet
With Press Tomorrow

| President Eisenhower will hold
a news conference at 1920 to-
morrow, the White House an
nounced today.
This will be the Presidents
first question-and-answer meet
ing with reporters since he
announced last week his willing
ness to run for second term.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-06
Ex-Cundidute Convicted

SAC PAULO. Brazil, Mar.
up. -Adhen1ar de Barros, "a, who
ran third in Brazll's 1855 plesi-
dental election. was convicted
today of misapplylng funds while
governor OF Sac Paulo state anc
was sentenced to two years ir
prison.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-06


King Saud Flies Into Coiro for Arol
Porley. Pose A.:
lies and provoked a rising clamol
in Parliament against Prime
Minister Anthony Eden's gov
eminent.
The high-octane inflammabil.
ity of one of the worlds mos
strategic areas was highlightec
further by the shooting dowr
of an Israeli plane near the
Syrian border and Israeli patro.
clashes with Jordanians and
Egyptians.
With British leadership Of
Jordan's Arab Legion ended by
custer of 1t. Gen. John Bagot
Club and recall of Is top Brit
ish officers, the government tolc
the House of Commons last night
it would crack down to restore
order on Cyprus. The East Med
iterranean island colony is Mid
die East headquarters for Brit.
ish forces and the nations last
military bastion in the area il
once dominated.
Negotiations Collapse
Colonial Secretary Alan Len.
nox-Boyd reported the COLLAPSE
of five months of secret negotia.
tons with Archbishop Makarios
leader of the Greek-speakini
Cypriot majority which wants
union with Greece.
Mr.. Lennox-Boyd said Britain
had offered Cyprus a wide meas
lure of self-government. He sait
the talks had foundered on Arch
bishop Makarios' demands-am
Inesty for all political offender
Including convicted murderers O
British soldiers. absolute con
troll of internal security, and ,
written guarantee that tn,
Greek-speaking majority woult
control of legislature.
With $4,000 British troops sta
toned on the island as Mediter
Iranean watchdogs. Mr.. Lennox'
Boyd told Commons "the frs
Continued on Page AS, Col.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-06
BULLE TIN
Red Cross Hits n Pet.

The 1856 Washington Area
Red Cross campaign reported
S342,501, or 22.4 per cent of its
goal today. This was per cent
ahead of last year at the same
date.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-06
CRISIS IN THE SCHOOLS-3
Merging Two Levels
DiscIoses Problems
By JAMES G. DEANE

Recently Washington elementary school set up three
special reading for its fourth fifth and sixth graders
The first for fifth and sixth grade reading The
second was fourth grade readers The third for
those still reading third grade or lower.
When the sixth grade class sent of its slower readers
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-06
Fear Psychology Hurts
Racial Ties in South
Rumors, Mostly False, Start Boyeotts;
Citizens Reluctant to Air Views
By JAMES. Y. NEWTON
Star stan Correspondent

BIRMINGHAM Ala, Mar 6.-Rumor and fear are running
rampant in the Southland today dnming hope Of early
resolution of racial problems.
Rumor has bred fear and fear has senced the voices OF
moderation that promised the only workable solution to
problems years making which to the fore
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-06

principal in one integrated school
spent most of his time last year
policing truancy and discipline
cases among colored youngsters
But the school had its white
problem cases. too.
Washington's schools have long
had the basic problems that are
causing teachers concern. But
integratlon, as one school off1cial
put it, has put them in a new
light.
THE colored children" a Negro
school official with Ph.D. de-
clared, have had none of the
advantages, and now people are
finding it out"
A white principal whose schoo
is now so per cent Negro said:
THE problem of the coloreo
children is the problem of eco
nomic background. The home il
just bare. We get them here If
school and there's nothing tc
build on. We have to give them
the foundation before we car
start"
Class Size Compared
In the opinion of colorec
teachers, Washington hasn't done
too well on trying to head the
problem off.
In 1913, here was how mediar
class sizes compared in the city's
secondary schools:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-06
Britain Ready
To Use Force
On Cypriots
Negotiations Fail;
Fresh incidents
Hit Middle East

LONDON, Mar. 6 (P.-Britain
today pushed another painful
contraction of its military posi-
ton in a Middle East shoulder
ing with Arab-Israeli strife and
faced the prospect of new dis
orders on its last-stand bastion
of Cyprus.
The worsened situation aroused
fresh alarms among Western al
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-06

The District board of Educotion hos de-
eIored thot Washington public schools
urgently need more teoehers. This is
the third OF q series Of articles on
whot stor stoff reporter found in
the citys clossrooms.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-06

In the same year, white ele-
mentary classes averaged 80, and
Negro, 38. In the white schools
only three-tenths of a per cent
lof classes exceeded 40, but the
Iover-40 total in Negro schools
topped 20 per cent.
Colored schools also had fewer
teachers in special subjects. such
as music, and fewer special
classes for the mentally retarded.
1t was also known then that
Continued on Page AS, Col.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-06
President Asks Freeze
Of Atomic Stockpi|es
Tells Russia
u. S. Is Ready
To Map Plan
BY JAMES E. ROPER

President Eisenhower proposed
to Soviet Premier Bulganin to-
day that the worlds atomic
powers work out suitable and
safeguarded arrangements" to
freeze the stockpiles of atomic
weapons at present levels.
Mr.. Eisenhower made the
Iproposalsin reply to letters from
Mr.. ? llganin.
The resident almost ignored
Mr.. Bn1anin's twice-expressed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-06
Guide for Readers

Amustmts B-l0-ll Lost, Found - A-3
Classified C-6-l3 Music Az
Comics ASH Obituary Alb
Editorial A-l2 Rodio-TV A-24-2s
Edith Articles Alb sports els
Feature Pose Alb Womon's
Financial B-l2-l5 Section BIS
Hove The Stor Delivered TO Your
Home Daily ond Sunday
Diol Sterling 3 5000
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-06

King Soud Flies Into Coiro for Arol
Porley. Pose A.:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-06

Text Of Presidents Letter to Premier
Buleonin. Poee All
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-06

Scattered showers and thunderstorrns to-
night and tomorrow. Low tonight 49,
(Full report on Page A-2)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06

Morning
7:55
9-Meditotions. insoirotion1i
y-r e rsl s5oss n-eszosss.
500
o-Stop, Lock and Listen.
"s,svsr Acre Fe'1so4s lie in
re U-rsc States %1sY
$50
4-FiIm Program.
pl5ii- serl1e ST scf
9-osvaId Rabbit. Kids.
900
4-Cartoons.
e-Ask-It Basket. Kids Quiz.
$50
4-Your Gorden. Holly Wright.
TIPS for Wosniasson gardeners.
o-Copfoin Kangaroo. Kids.
4-Pinky Lee. Kids.
1920
Al Married Joan. Comedy.
Joon CoVis stars.
9-Mishfy Mouse. Kids.
100
4-FuFy. Adventure
5-SeFiol TheoteF.
Ecsooss Of ''Youns E1glss" ard
Scoce Sod sFs
9-Winky Dink and You.
Oro~ir1 ard stories Ter children
1880
4-Unele Johnny Coons.
ZorY ol6-tin,e movies.
9-TaIes Of Texas Rangers.
The Poneers capture iooisrs OF
tornodo-stricken town.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06
5-Cortoons. Kids.
300
5-EorIy Saturday Show.

~ Hours. up In The Air"
1910. A rodio station pose boy
gets his girl job and solves
some murders. frankie Oorro.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06

5-Cortoons. Kids.
800
5-EorIy Saturday Show.
IA Hours. up In The Air.
1910. A rodio station page boy
GETS his girl O job ond solves
some murders. frankie Dorro.
400
4-Brooke Johns. Voriety.
e-Piek Temple. Kids.
~ Hours "Wronoler's Roost.
1e4I. Crosh Conieon and The
Ronee Busters"
4:3o
4-cartoon Circus. Kids.
5-Western Adventure.
Hour. Low Ride Again"
1913. Ken Maynard.
9-The Withers. Horse Roce.
At Jomoico. A lecture of the
Pick Temple show. BYon Field
will describe the running.
4:45
4-Jissow Time. Quiz.
500
4-FootIieht Theoter. Movie.
Hour. "Trieoernon. l945.
Johnny Mack Brown.
7-Future Flyers Club.
Hlohiiohts OF eviction interest.
Sis
9-Piek Temples Roneh.
St. Paul recorder., 1956-07-13
japan Needs Our Trade


when he
Washington after his foreign
found Japans markets the
with China under the Ame
Battle those markets is country
Haoyama government any diplomatic
trade relations with
Peiping commitments restricting
Meanwhile although the Hatoyama
consideration business Jap
would receive orders from both
Israel and the Arab states
Secretary Dulles that the
might its and aid housing and developing
plant equipment the secretary takes his
Hatoyama should at least favorable reply
u Congress the giving real
necessary her keep toying
Japan pact with Britain
proper looks the Communist
countries armsbuyers that begin
their political
millions crowded together their four tight
We have known that long long
they trade with
Naturally competitor world trade both
France
Italy
cake and have II
restricting best csto
attempting with
Politically, the East be
porous Germany keep in the West
Communist orbit ideoogcaly
firmly Western world CONNER
enough her to
procons policy being raised against
her-Denver Post
St. Paul recorder., 1956-07-13

Committee

Forty-one u, C. signers Of
Declaration OF Principle, last week
charged the House Committee for
St. Paul recorder., 1956-07-13
That Olympic Track Team

photo OF the American olympic track team which will prsent
'he u y IN Australia Indicates that the nations
will furnish almost one-half Of the athletes
This excellence Negro track athletes is most remark
able In view OF the that Negroes st barred as under
graduates from the best colleges the most OF them
live. " "
Anyone who follows athletics recognizes that such
athletic plants The bulk the might Il given hslf
chance be great track subbornIv kent out Of tho
schools IN the where Negroes reside where topnrht
training $ o be had ''N"
All OF the old Negro stars were boys who either
hVed In the north Jessie Owens RoIph Met
eAe Sol Butler Howard Drew, Duiari Nal whitfield
jackie Robinson IN fact practically Negro track record holder
ana olympic team member received his training North where
only fourth OF the Negro population resides
Southern colleges both public and rr,,,s , a,
eoped some good track the coaches have been hand
capped and restricted because
pecs among the Negro youths
robbed not only these schools track sport OF many
southern youngsters who could have Olympic heights II the
oO jim Crow system had not schools in the
areas where they
As we watched the olympic trials on TV we wondered what
e southern school deods thought American athletes
regardless Of places ON the team We
wondered what they thought Negro lad after Ner, a ~
places on the team which will the entire sA Ia
Australia In few months not been s Hind mora
southern boys would have among winners wearing the cor
OF the schools OF that
Al the risk OF being race lingo We must admit TN.
we are extremely proud that color made that
ogS team Tor II shows rather
chance and training ANYTHING else the
s WI" not take back seat to ability courage
We salute the u S olympic with an extra din OF our
nat to those the team and the rh
nations OF the world ~ - WV
St. Paul recorder., 1956-07-13
One Point Settled

Supreme recently
undergraduate further clarifies
uon order of two years
In the original decision the said the Negro
oyng his constitutional rights when he provided with equal
educational opportunities required
But difficulties immediate ntegra-
uon OF the country the question
would reasonable efforts diff
cuties,
The handed decisions applying
publicly supported graduate undergraduate colleges
The substance these decisions that the
college level valid for avoiding immediate
with the 1854 throughout
states the Solid South institutions higher
awaited rather obvious these
but proceeded negraon young
tua community and should expect to be treated such
In the Louisiana university the made
and rejected the admission Negroes might
result violence The Supreme upho the without
the Of the breakdown the police
individual his rights
The remedy the individual but 20
him the protection which he right What curing
such is the police authority Of the state
What constitutes good compliance with the
elementary grades high school be decided In those
fields where immature and adoent children involved patience
tolerance and good win much order But this tSOway
street II there good faith the the problem there will
be understanding PIONEER
St. Paul recorder., 1956-07-13

the only the Presidential asprants
Republicans supporters
Nationally known Negro Republican politicians shed
old poison" Negroes
that overweenng ambition
suit Of the Presidency would him dangerous
White House and poor President
Republican Party past
~ prominent Minnesota Negro Republican
delegates the information
Ramsey County Republican expressed hope
week that Harold would Washington take
coming Minnesota the slightest
reasoning going difficult
hardworng
without the repeated causing
Republicans additional problems
Many Republicans this state stassen political
liability in this coming campaign but them will
Heffe1nger did Monday to the daily papers.
She inimaed blessing
Republican party politics.
that the presently constituted officials perfectly able and willing
conduct the without his direction interference
suggestion that "he infrated the
Minneapolis STAROURAL Star the Stassen tactics
that his loyal Minnesota supporters
to leave him
paper Tribune usually supported
Republican candidates including Harold stSssen their
which certainly right The
parties often
psys
public interest Mr. stassn knows this and his latest statement just
a gimmick keep his Minnesota papers.
stassen wants Minnesota politics which
ands up-if many
people of his party have their
The Democrats? We imagine they probably wouldn't mind
Harold back he wants tot might help their
St. Paul recorder., 1956-07-13

kindness Of the
we and the Missus opportunity nights to listen
president of the Federation
| Rhodesian Africa.
Mr. Pointer resides Saibury Southern
Rhodesa trying interest American capital
IN investing African nation
highly person Wen Informed about America
as the natural wealth
make it thriving pouring the wealth of its mines
its agriculture world markets.
In recent months Rhodea First
Africa which thought
although Gunther actually
Gunher did well
spent praised research that he did
addition to the brief the spot reporting
the country plus Scott
Longs pieces in TRIBUNE RhOdesia its
people and customs.
Mr. Pointers manufacturing. He
until the standard living
among each family would
prospective products his firm manufactures
said
year the employees
his 5000 per month
wasap remarks that Rhodesian
whites by determined
country by establishing
partnership
Rhodesias.
We certainly appreciated a
Publishers received forced
paper of times
We tried fathom why the such good reception from
readers whose opinion respect highy-Cecl Newman
St. Paul recorder., 1956-07-13
School Aid Bill ShambIes

The shambes which Representative made out of
the Federal Aid Schools proposals would almost
servant voter believe that there
The facts that the Federal government dollars
OF taxpayers each provide
are not furnished by the states the local school
Some Washington correspondents effect the Powell
amendment had the final debace apparent
that while other issues failure the anti
segregation features in the
southern Democrats who voted against
The Powell amendment just only the beginning continuing
fight in the u s. Congress TO halt the bad
pendture OF funds supplied by all the
and white TO be dispensed In racay
There why the money northern
states where discrimination segregation public ns
tons unlawful and practice up apoogzed for
should be spent in the the
uneconomca immoral, racial caste system.
Many soft pedaed opposition TO the
construction which Catholic
system Of parocha schools This opposition
openly stated Dr.
This regrets that the would
have provided great help the many the
states failed In However II
measure which would have federal
munties determined TO keep Jim violation Of
the u Supreme Court decision price nation
TO pay