davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1956-02-11
BOSTON
BAKED
By MABE KOUNTzE
Who escapes a duty avoids
q gain. "-Rev. Theodore Parker

"Who escapes a duty avoids
q gain. REV. Theodore Parker
BOSTON UNIVERSITY the
Observation-Disclosures Rev. Mar
tin King Of Montgomery. Ala
bama, whose home was bomb
ed recently by demon-afflicted
DlxlecratS, brings us into our
third week of Religious Lead
ed Crusade" columns. The
case of Rev. Martin should
awaken into vigorous action
every clergyman, white and
colored, in every state of the
Union. Every Pastor in Bos-
ton should revive the spirit
Of Theodore Parker.
CHURCH PASTORS in every
Boston and New England
church should put aside many
of their prepared sermons
on the Hereafter and pound
the Pulpit with preaching on
today's Christian Crusade.
The Congregations of all
faiths need to be awakened to
save the soul of America
The congregations of Amer
lea need to be led into Chris
tan action to prod US. lead
erS, including the Congress.
to protect civil rights.
The TROTTERS, were they
here among us, would have
practically every colored Pas
tor in Boston filling the
. churches with militant appeals
to their congregations to Join
a great mass Christian army
of modern Abolitionsts to util-
lHe peaceIul but forceful pro-
grams of petitions to the Con-
gress to firing about Constitu-
tional Law in lawless states
and to enact immediate mea-
sureS of security for oppressed
peoples.
CONGRESSMAN POWELL,
Is one of today's ordained
clergymen fighting in the first
ranks for freedom as did Bos-
tons Theodore Parker before
him.. For, as Monroe Mason
reminded last week, the Cara
van Of Freedom crusades has
included Americans of many
races, creeds, and colors. This
is as it should be. This is
how it must continue to be.
Freedom is, indeed, every
Continued On Page Four
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1956-02-11


Although reporters tell as
much truth as they can,
and newspapers as much as
they dare, whole history is
hard to find. Some is doc
tored out of spite, but most
I think, is garbled out Of
ignorance.
The lot of reporters
and newspapers Is Of
ten frustrating. The high
walls surrounding truth
are sometimes insur-
mOuntabIe. On this sub
ject, 1 can give testi-
mOny out of personal
knowledge and expert
ence.
During the early days
of the Japanese Occupa-
ton in 1915, / was with
Eighth Army Headquar-
tiers in Yokohama. 1t was
there / first encountered
the 64-MiIliOn Yen Cues
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

does not PROVIDE quite enough
water and men become deny
drafted very quickly at extreme
attitudes. This is one of the
problems upon which reseach
now is in progress. There is
natural reluctance to sacrifice
necessary nutrition elements for
water.
For Any Kind Of War
The all-liquid rations will be
in somewhat limited demand at
present. But the Quartermaster
Laboratory, like all elements of
the Army, is preparing for war
for any kind of practicable
war with anybody, anytime.
AS one of the scientists re-
marked: "I've even heard talk
Of atomic-powered planes NOV
ing at 5000 miles an hour and
staying a week in the strato-
sphere. They will have quite
an eating problem. Probably
there's nothing to the talk but
we want to be ready"
The technologists also are
working on semisolid foods
which can be put up in tooth
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

h First OF Series
~-----~-~--->->-------
which considers any chicken pre-
pared in any form by anybody
to be an ahomination.
This has been tested on folks
who really like chicken" the
man chiefly responsible for the
connection explained. They
pronounced it excellent. 4
couldn't say myself. / never
drink the stuff"
All these food stuffs are in
potable form. Some day they
may constitute the diet Of hun
dreds Of men for days-even
weeks--at a time.
Food Laboratory
The scene of the luncheon
was the Army Quartermaster
Food and Container Laboratory,
one of whose jobs is to be ready
for sometime" They are in
tended for the subsistence of
stratosphere air crews who must
pass prolonged periods 10 miles
high where it will be necessary
to wear oxygen masks all the
time, where removal of such a
mask even for a moment might
produce fatal bends.
So everything eaten must be
in liquid form which can be
drawn through a plastic tube
forming part of the mask itself.
And the ration must be such as
to preserve strength and morale.
The diet can be supplemented
by fruit juices and, to some ex-
tent, dairy products. The former
constitute no special problem
and probably will be CONNER
cially available. But fighting men
need good red meat, and they
may have to drink it.
The problem Of liquefying
meats was not so difficult for DR..
Earl w. Turner, former 9th
Air Force flyer and his asso-
ciates. although it has re-
quired considerable experiment
tatlon. The product first is
cooked. ground> into extremely
fine particles, which are sus-
pended in the meat juices, flash
sterilized and canned. This might
be all right for an emergency
ration for a few hours, but not
for a long continued operation.
For one thing, the men in the
stratosphere must be induced
to eat. Appetite, it has been
found, fails rapidly at great alti-
tudes.
Taste Is Important
So taste becomes an outstand-
ing requirement and the means
Of getting or preserving flavor
varies for each product. Perhaps
the greatest success has been
with the ham and cheese on rye.
The rye flavor is gotten into the
mixture with finely ground CARA
way seeds. The fluid beef keeps
the real roast beef flavor, better
than most canned meat products.
There have been enthusiastic re-
ports, from chicken caters, about
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

the real chicken taste of the
liquid fried chicken which now
is being tasted by the Ain. Forces.
It is all calculated to tempt
the appetiteS of men who prob
ably will have very poor appe-
titles. This is true especially Of
the dairy products. which also
row are being flight tested. The
Quartermaster scientists are ex-
perimenting with chocolate. cof-
fee. caramel and egg nog fla
vors.
Admittedly the LIQUID ration
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

Mrs. William T. Fryer at the
latter's home at 1907 Clarendon
lroad. Bethesda.
| Mr. SHIRLEY is a native Of
Marysville, Kan, who came here
in 1897 to work for the Govern
ment. He went with the Depart
lment of Agriculture and worked
there as a lawyer until he retired
in 1913. The Shibleys have five
grandchildren and two great
grandchildren.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25
ShibIeys to Mark
Golden Weddino

Mr.. and Mrs. James G. Shibley
OF 1848 Biltmore street NV. will
be honored at a dinner Wednes-
day in celebration of their golden
wedding anniversary.
The dinner will be given by
their daughters-Mrs. Horace G.
Trainer of Cleveland, Ohio, and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

paSLe-nKe LuDSS with long
MOBILES. Such food could be ex-I
truded into the mouth by
pressure on the tube.
They also have developed tab
lets of milk, compressed cheese.
honey and almond for attitudes
between is and 20 thousand feet
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

when 1t is quite feasible TO re-
move the oxygen mask for a few
minutes, but not long enough
to have a real solid meal. These
tablets are designed to furnish
energy so that the blood sugar
will not get too low.
At present. either prepared or
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

in preparation. are 10 liquid
foods, 10 semisolids and 10 kinds
OF tablets. They are also expert
with single bite" foods
in morselS which can be swal-
lowed quickly at attitudes where
the masks can be removed for q
minute or more.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25
Army or THE FUTURE
Army or The FUTURE
Problem: How to Drink
A Cheese on Rye
BY THOMAS r. HENRY

CHICAGO Nov. al drank excellent lunch the other
day
There cheese and ham sandwich (bread roast
beef and corned beef. All quite tasty.
There fried chicken which considered execrable.
did everybody else at the luncheon but turned all
fellow members of that great and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25
First Of a Series

elbow members Of that great and
dedicated human brotherhood
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-22
POTTER

Continued From First Page
gates at-large to add to the Is
already selected in district con-
ventionS. The two final dele
gates, to make up the 30-member
delegation, will be named from
the seventh district at a conven-
ton next Saturday in Staunton.
The new chairman promised
to do his utmost to make Virginia
a Republican state and said the
welcome mat was out for indie
pendents and Democrats with
the message THE grass is green
er on our side"
In this he sounded the note
struck earlier by National Chair
man Leonard w. Hall, who pre-
dicted to the convention that
Virginia and at least three other
southern states would be in the
Eisenhower column again this
year. He forecast also the COP
would broaden its narrow base
of southern members of the
House.
The convention gave its all
out Endorsement to the Eisen-
hower-Nixon ticket, praised the
record of the states two Repub-
lican representatives and ex-
pressed its appreciation to Mr..
Landreth for the job he has
done in the last four years. The
two representatives are Mr..
and Representative
Poff of the sixth district.
A protracted fight in the Gre
dentialS committee over seating
a Princess Anne County delega-
ton headed by County Chairman
James G. Kellam delayed the
convention for several hours.
The committee finally stood
by the recommendations of the
State Central Committee and
a slate of delegates
headed by Oscar F. Baxter w,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-22

new Communist challenge. But
above all a change is needed in
our thinking about communism
itself.
Communism must be accepted
as a competitive system. 1t is
time to stop talking about it as
one would talk about a disease.
1t is time to stop preaching
about it as a sin and assuming
that, in the eyes of a majority
of people in the world, all NOR
atty lies on the side of the dedi-
7ated anti-CommunistSf
In its new guise, it no longer
is possible either to pin the
Western case against communism
primarily on the fear of sub
version or military domination
The danger may still be real
enough. But, except in a very
few areas. fear is no longer an
effective guarantee Of co-opera-
ton.
Accepting this, the West must
also recognize that the COM
petition with communism is still
in deadly earnest. Whatever cards
the Communists may be using
today. the stakes still involve
the freedom of millions and the
survival of democratic society.
And the game is still being played
for keeps.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-22

hoping the conferees agree tc
this.
The Senate provision to allow
employees with 80 years of serv-
ice to retire at nearly full bene-
fits, regardless of age. is due to
be modified by the conferees
However. the conferees are ex-
pected to make it more finan-
cially attractive to retire after
80 years of service. even though
an employe will have to be al
least SIS years old to do so.
The House committee has
adopted a provision which would
allow such employees to retire at
age 55, with only a Ia per cent
cut in annuities for each year
under age so. The Senate con-
fereeS repeatedly want the pen
atty assessment to be only l per
cent for each year under so.
Also, the conferees will act to
make it easier for a Federal re-
tree to designate his or her
spouse for an eventual survivor
ship annuity. without having to
take as great cut in the re-
trees pension.
4 \ \
EXECUTIVE PAY The re-
tirement provisions are part of
the executive pay bill which
cleared the Senate last Friday
Since the executive pay measure
was originally approved by the
House, this sent the entire leg
islation to House-Senate confer
ence without the necessity of
having the House vote on the
retirement bill.
The executive pay bill raises
the salaries of the Governments
top executives and also increases
the present $14,8O0 a year CLASH
fled pay ceiling for career en-
ployes to $4,000.
The catch-all measure also
places the tenure of the three
Civil Service Commissioners on
a fixed six-year term basis, in
stead of the present system
whereby the terms are fixed at
the pleasure of the President
The terms would be staggered
SO that every two years one of
the terms would expire.
1t also would designate one
OF the commissioners as a vice
chairman to take over when the
chairman is absent. When both
are absent the third member
would take over. At present, the
CSC's executive director, a ca
reer employe, is second in COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-22
Man SIoshed, Body
OF Mother Found

LAGRANGE, Ill, July 81 (R.
Police today found the body of
Ia 56-year-old mother in a back
yard cistern after her injured
son said she chopped wildly at
him with a woodSman'S AK as he
lay in bed.
The son, William F. Marshall.
"a, an electrician, had 40
stitches taken to close deep
'slashes on his head at LAGRANGE
Community Memorial Hospital.
Part of one ear was sliced off.
Police located the body of Mrs.
Sarah Marshall lying in the
|cistern after the son had called
them, 1t. William Michaels said.
1t. MichaelS said Marshall
telephoned about IAN accident"
and police found the son in the
home. Marshall told police his
mother fled after her attack.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-22

1
and Senate versions.
The best guess is that the
conference report won't be quite
as liberal as the Senate version
but will be more generous than
the House Civil Service Com
mitteL bill.
Employees probably will have
to pay 6l2 or z per cent of their
salaries for the additional 'bene-
fits, compared t. the present 6
per cent salary contribution rate
Z Per Cent in Senate Bill
The Senate's bill provides a Z
per cent salary deduction, while
the House bill would retain the
present 6 per cent rate. However,
in view of the fact that the con-
frees version will probably be
more liberal than the House
measure, even though falling
short of the Senate bill, the en-
Iployee salary contribution rate
will be fixed at 61a to 7 per cent.
The Senate conferees are
Senators Johnston of South
Carolina, Pastore of Rhode Is
land and Scott Of North Caro-
lima. Democrats; and Carlson Of
Kansas and Jenner of Indiana,
Republicans. The House con-
ferees are Representatives MUIR
ray of Tennessee and Morrison
|of Louisiana, Democrats; and
Rees of Kansas, Republican.
Both House and Senate al
ready are agreed on provisions
to give much greater survivor
ship benefits to the families of
Federal workers and to liberal
ize disability annuity and in
voluntary separation annuity
benefits.
Retirement Aspects Compared
The conference must decide
between the difference in the
rate of regular annuity compu-
tations between the two bills. The
Senate would fix computation on
112 per cent or 1-per-cent-plus-
$25 for five years of service, and
on a 2 per cent formula for all
years of service in excess of S.
The House bill would compute
annuities on 134 per cent or l.
per-cent-plus-$3O for all years of
service. Both the House and
Senate formulas would still use
the highest five-year average
salary system. times years of
service.
The Senate formula would
provide the more liberal annuity
boosts and employe groups are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-22
Planners Urue
Federal Aid 10
.Job|ess Areas
BY the Associated Press

Asserting Chronic local un.
employment" is a national prob
lem, a National Planning Asso.
citation committee yesterday rec.
commended that the Fedora,
Government assume response
bility for a vigorous program
to remove such conditions.
1t said the Government, ir
collaboration with local and pri-
vate programs. should seek tc
end what it called this threat tc
internal development and ex-
ternal security by undertaking
New and expanded activi-
ties providing for technical as
siStance.
Certain kinds of financing
3-Specific types of tax ex-
emptions.
Such a program, said a COM
mittee on depressed areas o. the
private, non-proflt organization
would be designed to stimulate
expansion of business enterprises
or encourage new businesses
suitable for labor surplus areas
"a Federal program" said the
committee, should not super
sede local programs directed to
relieving local unemployment
On the contrary. it should sup
plement them and should stimu-
late even more local effort than
is now being directed toward
this problem"
Celebrating on its proposals,
the committee said it is posi-
BILE that the Federal Govern
ment might enter the field of
new plant financing in depressed
areas either through primary
loans. supplementary loans, or
guaranteeing of private loans.
1t suggested a form of tax
relief to any industries making
new investments in affected
areas.
The committee said migration
of people from afflicted areas to
regions with a lively demand for
labor may often be a necessary
palliative, but cannot be accepted
as a solution to the problem.
Several members of the COM
mittee dissented from parts of
the report or elaborated on other
sections.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-22

sary move that might put a
stumbling block in the path of
some Of its congressional candi-
dates seeking election in districts
where organized labor is a sub
stantial factor.
Also turned down were two
resolutions offered by I. r. Dovel
of Luray that would % amend
the Constitution to require all
nominees for the Supreme Court
to be Federal judges or lower
courts with at least 10 years
on the bench. and Cd
express the belief of the Vir-
ginia Republican Party in Nomi-
mating candidates for President
and Vice President by national
primary rather than by party
convention.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-22

by an S-to-2 vote. The Baxter
forces contended that Mr.. KEEL
lam, county chairman for 20
years, won out in a mass meet
ing in which unqualified persons
took part.
On an appeal to the floor from
the decision the chair ruled that
Mr.. Kellam was not a delegate
to the convention and would not
be heard. However, Mr.. Baxter
Joined in a motion to suspend
the rules and hear Mr.. Kellam
briefly.
Before it became enibroiled in
the debate on the manifesto, the
resolutions committee rejected
ga a resolution endorsing Vir-
ginia's right-to-work law. Mem
berS opposed this as an unneces-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-22
TODAY'S WEATHER REPORT

District and vicinity - Mostly
fair and warm but chance of
scattered afternoon or evening
thundershowers today, highest
temperature 85. Fair and warm
tomorrow.
Maryland and Virginia-Most-
ly fair, warm and humid today
with widely scattered thunder
showers in afternoon or evening
mostly in mountain areas, high
est in the middle 80s. Fair and
warm tomorrow.
Winds-Southerly 10 miles per
hour.
River Report
From u S Engineersl
! Potomac River muddy at Harpers
Ferry and Great Falls, Shenandoah
River muddy al Harpers Ferry.
Temperatures Tor Yesterday
iReadinR Washington National Airportl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-22
RESORT FORECAST

South Jersey-Fair today,
high 1880 Fair and warm
tomorrow.
Upper and lower bay -
Fair today, high IS. Fair
and warm tomorrow.
Ocean beaches - Partly
cloudy today. high "a. Fair
and warm tomorrow.
Skyline Drive-Scattered
thundershowers in after
noon and evening, high rs.
Good visibility. Tomorrow,
fair and good visibility, high
70.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-22

Foreign aid, being the main
stay of American diplomacy, is
perhaps primarily an American
concern. But a distinction can
be drawn between the bulk OF
this aid (about IS per cent?
which goes to bolster the military
power of the ti-Communist
world, and the remainder which
is spent to build up the economic
strength of underdeveloped areas
Benefits Doubtful
There is plenty of evidence that
the second part Of the program
as presently administered does
almost as much harm as good in
many areas. Apart from the de-
moralizing effect of accepting
handouts, this kind of aid is al
most universally regarded abroad
as a somewhat ignominious effort
by the United States to buy po-
litical influence. The impression
is strengthened by the rightly
with which the program is car
ried out. A strict "cost-account-
ing" rule. requiring detailed JUS
LITIGATION for every penny spent
and close American supervision
of each program largely nulli-
fies its effect. The result today
is that Russia with. asfar more
flexible program can reap greater
political and propaganda divi-
dends at a fraction of the over
all cost.
One solution might be to free
the American effort from the
mass of red tape that enfolds
it. Another which deserves seri-
GUS consideration is to place the
administration of a worldwide
economic foreign aid program
under the United Nations.
Those who support the second
solution offer number of con-
crete advantages. Contributions
to a development fund could be
allocated among member nations
on the same basis that they con-
tribute to the support of the U. N.
itself. The result would be an
outside contribution of 81 for
each dollar supplied by the
United States. Russia would be
invited to join. If she accepted.
the whole business of economic
development would be lifted out
OF the cold-war struggle. If she
refused, Russia would stand
alone and her own program would
be Enthusiastically identified as the
self-seeking political weapon that
it is. Finally. the U. N. solution
would be enthusiastically well
coined by the underdeveloped
nations themselves, while the
basic idea behind the American
program would remain valid:
That the healthy economic
growth of backward areas in it
self provides the best defense
against communism.
Thinking Must Change
Given courage, imagination
and a willingness to work. to-
gether, there is little question
of the Vests capacity to pro-
vide an effective answer to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-22
THE FEDERAL SPOTLIGHT
New Retirement Bill
Nav Get OK This Week
By JOSEPH YOUNG

Congress this week will send the White legislation
providing extensive liberalization of the civil
system
Administration officials that President Eisenhower will
sign the bill into law though is
mnistration wanted
Housesenate confree legislation to adjust