davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-08

The name ALYSSUM means "anti-madness and comes
from idea that these fragrant flowers would cure
hydrophoba They once were known as madworts, wort
being another word for plant Some people also believed
that alysum would check the hccoughs and drive devils
from house we'll These wondrous powers assign
flower that scarcely quarter of inch across How
ever the tiny flowers grow in such their size sell
dom noticed Each small bloom has the four X.shaped
petals typical of this family and in other members
pictured such as candy-tut honesty and DANES violet
Flowers good shown week the MUS
TARD family continues.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-08
descended directly

descended directly from them millions of years ago.
The WALLFLOWER, named for its habit of growing
in sunny hooks and crannie along crumbling walls is
native Of Southern Europe Related species also grow wild
in America. In flower lore the waower symbozes fi.
delry in misfortune prospers amid ruins Wandering
troubadours often them when performing since the
flowers gained sympathy land perhaps cons) for their per-
That may be why early country folk considered
it lucky dream of seeing walfowers. Certainly most
"waIlflower!"
Wild STOCKS growing in Europe have the typical
crucifer form, but double varieties common in
gardens Until few hundred years ago. stocks called
GILLYFLOWERS. name taken from the Greek word for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-08

Flowers that look like crosses dis.
tinguish this large family. The blooms
usually have four petals that flare to.
ward the tip rather like the bars of
Maltese cross Thus the plants are called
'crucifers" or "cross-bearers. They are
closely related to the capers and perhaps
Evening star., 1956-12-31
Has the Whole Truth Been Told?

pleasure. had to withdraw in
humiliation from their Suez
venture. They have left a
power vacuum that not the
most determined optimist can
ignore.
American military leaders
have long understood the
pressing nature of the Middle
East problem. Last year the
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs
Of Staff. Admiral Arthur Rad
ford, calmly told the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee
that it was American diplo-
macy which was tagging be-
hind there. not its military
power. 1t is no accident that
the most powerful United
States fleet is today in the
Mediterranean.
That this country must take
bold and positive steps seems
inevitable. The Presidents
tactics would foreclose Con-
gressional debate on Middle
East policy and full public
understanding Of all that is
involved. Yet it is clear that
the proposed commitment is
enormous in scope. potential
cost and duration.
Evening star., 1956-12-31
Sukorno Extends Decree
OF Sumotron Emergency

JAKARTA, Indonesia, Dec. 81
R.-President Sukarno tonight
proclaimed a state of war and
seige over South Sumatra.
That province was the last on
the rich island to be affected by
political and military unrest over
policies of Premier Ali Sastro-
Iamidjojo's central government.
No explanation was advanced
officially for the sweeping action
The decree came a week after
Mr.. Sukarno proclaimed a SINH
lar state of emergency over two
of the three regencies composing
North Sumatra.
That PROCLAMATION was
prompted by a bloodless coup
led by the islands army COM
mander, Col. Maludin Simbolom,
in protest against the Jakarta
government and the way it han
died Sumatran tax money and
other affairs. But that coup has
snice been put down.
Shipping Restricted
Mr.. Sukarno's new orders in
clude territorial waters Of South
Sumatra, which means a restric-
ton on shipping.
Interior Ministry officials said
they have asked the provincial
governor, Winarno Danuat-
modjo. to come to Jakarta fol
consultation. He is an ap.
pointee of that ministry.
A broadcast from Palembang
capital of South Sumatra. saic
Gov. Danuatmodjo had denied
that ne intends to hand back
his seal of authority to the cen.
trail government because of the
current crisis, but will withdraw
if the people no longer want
him.
The Moslem Masjuni Party
one Of Indoneisia's big three
pressed demands for a non-
political government to replace
the eight-party cabinet of Mr.
Sastroamidjojo, a leftist ma.
tionailst.
A spokesman for the Christian
Party Parkindo limited it viii
Evening star., 1956-12-31
Request to Congress on Middle East
Is No Retort to a Sudden Crisis

reluctant to make war but
freed to do so by a Congress
having implicit confidence in
him. Abroad his tactic forms
a way Of warning Russia with
out diplomatic niceties against
further involvement in this
oil-rich area.
The Presidents second goal
is to put the lid on Congress
sional discussion of how we
got where we are, which
might prove embarrassing.
The new Congress promises,
at least in matters of foreign
policy, to be more freewheel-
ing than in the recent past.
The administrators final
aim is to share the blame, if
any. with the Democratic
majority in Congress.
Congress must deal seriously
with the Presidents proposals
for undeniably the problem
is there. 1t became impossible
to hide it after France and
England. largely as a reaction
to official United States dis
Evening star., 1956-12-31
US. About to Take Important Step
Toward Preventing Outbreak of War

"pacif1st" and means business.
In a way the new policy is the
reverse Of what happened with
respect to Korea and-had it
been in effect in June, 1850
might have actually prevented
the Korean war from breaking
out.
For at that time the Com
munists thought. after reading
Secretary of State Acheson's
speech in January 1850, that
America itself would not act to
defend Korea and that if the
issue came up through the
United Nations-aS Mr.. Ache
son limited it would-a veto
would be interposed to stop
1t. An accident-Russia's tenn
porary absence from the Sc
curity Council-prevented the
use Of the veto by Russia to
thwart the U. N. and a united
force was ordered to repel
aggression in Korea.
The United Nations assem-
bly,. however, subsequently
under Mr.. Acheson's leadership
adopted in November 1850 a
resolution permitting collective
action to enforce peace-when-
ever the Security Council fails
to act. So today a united mill
tary expedition can be au-
thorized so as to preserve
order in the world. 1t is in re-
lation to this very provision to
enforce peace that the Ameri-
can policy now is being imple-
mented.
Congressional authority to
enable the United States to
play its part instantly in these
emergencies has heretofore
been lacking. While President
Truman did ask Congress in
1947 to provide military and
economic aid to save Greece
and Turkey from Com
munist infiltration-in what
was known as the Truman
doctrine"-no such authority
was requested when Mr.. Tru-
man in 1850 sent American
military forces into Korea. 1t
is true that Congress appro-
priated the money later on
and, in effect, ratified the mill
tary action already taken but
this procedure does not pre-
vent a war from happening-it
merely sanctions what has al
ready been done.
The nearest parallel is what
Mr.. Eisenhower persuaded
Congress to do with respect
to Formosa in January. 1855.
At that time both Houses by
an almost unanimous vote
gave the Executive the au-
thority to use Americas armed
forces at any moment that
he feels a military threat to
American interests has arisen
in and around Formosa. That
step has for two years now
prevented a war in the Far
East. It is confidently hoped
Evening star., 1956-12-31

The United States Govern
ment is about to take a most
important step toward pre-
venting the outbreak of World
War III.
Had something of this ma
ture been evolved prior to 1914
and prior to 1889 the world
might have been spared two
terrible wars.
For President Eisenhower,
on the advice Of Secretary of
State Dulles, has decided to
ask Congress on Thursday of
this week for authority to use
the armed forces Of the United
States at any moment in any
one Of three contingencies.
These are. first. to re-enforce
the resolutions of the Security
Council of the United Ma
tions; second, to take collec-
tive action through the Gen.
eral Assembly under Article
81 of the Charter should any
Soviet veto be interposed in
the Security Council, and,
third. to join with all those
nations in the Middle East
which are willing to accept
American military and eco
nomic aid in resisting Com
munist aggression wherever
and whenever it occurs. Pri-
marily it means that the
United States intends to do
its utmost to prevent the So
viets from dominating the
Middle East.
All this comes under the
head of defensive commit
ments which the United States
is willing to undertake as a
deterrent to a general war.
For if this policy is effective,
it is reasoned that the Soviet
Unions rulers will not mis-
calculate as did the Kaiser in
1914 and Hitler in 1889 in as
suming that the United States
would not intervene. To pre-
vent in this critical era an
other such "miscalculation"-
as Secretary Dulles has often
used the word in his public
speeches-Congress will be
asked formally to declare
ahead of any possible war the
policy of the United States.
This. therefore, will not be
merely an executive declara-
ton but a joint proclamation
of American purpose in which
the Congress-the only body
which under the Constitution
can declare war-will give
authority in advance for
armed action.
In a broad sense this addi-
tion to established policy
would give to the United Ma
tions the very military po-
tential it has hitherto lacked
to enforce its resolutions. 1t
means a buildup in prestige
for the U. N. 1t tells the world
the United States has not gone
Evening star., 1956-12-31
Flames Subside
On West Coast

MALIBU. Calf, Dec. IL. up.
"A cool, moist blanket of fog
drifted in early today across the
ffre-seared Santa Monica noun
tains, where three disastrous
fires glowed only as embers.
Fire officials last night de-
lclared the blazes under con-
troll" Equipment-massed from
local agencies and from half of
California's So counties-rum-
bled homeward during the night
Only scattered embers re-
manned within the perimeters OF
of the fire here, the one CEN
tered a dozen miles. north of
zuma Beach. and a third over
the crest of the mountains. ad-
joining the Yuma fire, in the
Lake Sherwood area.
Between them they burned
over more than so square miles.
Sixty-seven homes were de-
stroyed. One man was killed and
two f1re1ghters seriously injured.
Several other fires broke out
but were quickly conquered
Evening star., 1956-12-31
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

The White House Arthur Summerhed as
Postmaster General It's nice to know Summereld stick
ing-which more than for his stamps
-
There's rumor the mad bomber" of New York is
fashionable clothing merchant appears to specialize in
fancy duds.
Work starts on $57 million State Department Building 1t
will have modern convenience including electronic
eye to detect anyone trying to smugg foreign policy into
the building.
Ike his drought inspection trip will six States
The administration didn't realize how dry things
until lot of Republicans bit the dust
The incest thing you say to woman is something
about another that isn't.
Democratic Senator Humphrey urges youth OPP
portunty program It's expensive deal because youth
needs lots of opportunity If he's going grow up and pay
for the program.
Evening star., 1956-12-31

Hungarian puppet govern
ment of Premier Kadar re-
fused to permit representa-
tives of the u. N. to come and
see for themselves what was
happening in that unfortunate
Soviet satellite.
The orders from Moscow
we're far more powerful and
telling than the so-called de-
mands of U. N. Secretary Gen.
eral Hammarskjold. He was
able to send some 5000 troops
belonging to minor powers in
to Egypt to replace the Anglo
French-Israeli forces. But he
could not send even five
civilians into Budapest.
The United Nations passed
a resolution "condemning" the
USSR for her invasion Of Hun
gary to support the puppet
government. And 1t was as
much of an invasion as that of
the British and French. The
only difference was that the
Russians had sent four times
as many troops and fired at
poorly armed or unarmed
civilians while the Western
powers fought Egyptian regu-
lars equipped with the latest
type of weapons from the
USSR and Czechoslovakia.
Moscow did not bother to
dignity the U. N. "condemna-
ton" with either an explana-
ton OF acknowledgment. Its
forces continue their police
action" in Hungary even after
the condemnation"
1t is interesting to note that
Evening star., 1956-12-31
DAVID LAWRENCE
New Eisenhower Doctrine

that a similar grant of au-
thority now to be used con-
tingently will prevent gen.
eral war from breaking out
as a result Of the Middle East
situation.
What the United States is
about to do is related far
more to the long-range situa-
ton in the Middle East than
to present controversies. 1t is
not a "unilateral" action but
the beginning of a collective
effort. 1t differs from what
the British and French did.
For they intervened in Egypt
without going through the
machinery of the United Ma
tions and without consulting
the United States. Because
the British and French by
their policy have aroused hos
tility among the Arab coun-
tries. the United States hopes
that this new step which
means extensive economic aid
too will bring the Arab states
back in line. A common front
against Soviet penetration is
thus to be firmly established
in the Middle East. and Brit
ain and France are expected
TO play a helpful part in the
allied undertaking.
There is no thought Of
furnishing American money to
build the Aswan Dam. Such a
big project. officials explain.
would take fifteen years to
finish and requires the utmost
friendliness and cooperation
between America and Egypt,
with no threat OF arbitrary
action in the interval or the
out-cropping of international
friction. This is not the kind
of atmosphere prevailing to-
day and maybe it never will
under Col. Nasser. A new
Egyptian government would
have a better chance.
The American policy, as
authoritatively outlined to this
correspondent. means that no
nation will be forced to accept
economic aid. There will be
cooperation only with those
governments in the Middle
East which really want to CO.
operate with us in warding of
the Soviet aggressors. No new
treaties like the Baghdad Pact
are enviSaged. and the entire
policy is based on intimate
coordination with the United
Nations, as was the case when
America helped Greece to fight
against the guerrillas sent
there from Communist coun-
tries in 1947. Close liasion
with NATO is also an integral
part of the whole plan.
Congress is dedicated to the
idea of preventing World War
III and since it approved the
Truman Doctrine" and the
Formosa resolution it may be
expected to approve the new
Eisenhower Doctrine" too, by
an overwhelming vote.
Reproduction RIGHTS Reserved)
Evening star., 1956-12-31
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Hidden Blockade Not Public Pressure,
Is Credited With Solving Suez Problem

Prime Miniser Nehru, the
neutralist peace dove. has
flown back to his own country
after having made a deep i'm
preston on those in this coun-
try who think as he does.
He declared from the ros-
trum of the United Nations
that the time had come when
world peace could be better
preserved by the force of world
opinion than by force of arms.
These words of the Indian
leader sound fine. and the
American people, regardless OF
their political beliefs, well
come the advent of the mil
lenium-provided that it has
arrived.
1t was good boost for the
United Nations insofar as the
unwary are concerned. The
propaganda media in this
country have represented that
body as having achieved its
greatest success since it was
born II years ago in settling
the Suez Canal problem by
forcing two great powers,
Britain and France. to actually
withdraw their forces after
they had invaded Egypt and
were ready to move on toward
Cairo to put an end to the re-
gir1e of Col. Nasser.
These allies of the United
States, it is widely stated, were
compelled to yield to what
Mr.. Nehru described as "the
force of world opinion"
But is this really so? Would
the London and Paris cabi-
nets have agreed to Withdraw
their troops so quickly had
they not been in the throes
of a very serious economic
crisis due to lack of oil?
And would they have COM
piled with the force of public
opinion" had America pro-
vided them the precious fluid
in sufficient quantities to COM
pensate for the loss of oil
shipped from the Middle East
through the Suez Canal at
the time when their troops
were still on Egyptian terri
tory?
What actually happened is
that we enforced a hidden
blockade" on Britain and
France and both countries,
who did not believe that we
would do this to them, were
compelled to yield-not to
public opinion but to economic
force.
There is no harm, however,
in giving credit to the U. N.
which for once created the
impression that it has done
something constructive when
two of its pillars embarked on
a military adventure.
But this victory of the force
of public opinion" brought
about by the international
organization in New York was
quickly obScured when it failed
miserably in its attempts to
discipline one of its smaller
members, Hungary, whose
government with the support
of Soviet tanks and soldiers
was responsible for an un-
precedented massacre of its
own people.
Here the "force of public
opinion" did not work. The
Evening star., 1956-12-31

withdraw its ministers from the
cabinet if the government does
not resign.
Masjumi, the leading Moslem
party, wants Mr.. Sastroamid-
jojo to step aside and let former
Vice President Mohammed Hat
ia. Dutch-educated economist,
take over the premiership. Mo-
hammed Natsir, MaSjumi chair
man, told a news conference at
Bandung on Java that a strong
Iman"-evidently Mr.. Hatta-
could solve the present political
and economic crises with the
aid of a cabinet of businessmen.
Mr.. Hatta, a Sumatran, re-
signed the vice presidency last
month to devote his time to
the peoples cooperative move
iment.
U. S. Accused
Mr.. Natsir said the country
needs a breathing spell to re-
Iorganize all political parties
drastically. He said the govern
Iment should turn over its au-
thority to a presidential cabi-
net" to solve the crisis on Su-
matra and the 4-year-old re-
bellion on Java by Moslem ex-
tremists of the Darui Islam
movement.
The leading pro-cabinet news
paper. Suluh Indonesia, accused
the United States of fomenting
revolution in Sumatra in an
effort to overthrow Mr.. Sastroa-
midjojo's government.
/ The paper claimed the United
4
Evening star., 1956-12-31
Wilson Quits Commerce
For Motor Lines Post d
By the Associated Press


Brig. Gen. Thomas Baynen
Wilson has resigned as Deputy,
Undersecretary for Transports,
ton, effective next Saturday.
He has been elected board
chairman Of johnson Motor
Lines. Inc. Charlotte. N. c. s
In the Commerce Department
Gen. Wilson has had administra-
tive responsibility for the Bureau
of Public Roads. the Weather
Bureau and the Maritime. Civil
Aeronautics and Defense Air
Transport Administrations. Sec--
retary of Commerce Weeks yes
terday praised his Significant"
contributions to the start Of the
new highway program and the
accelerated airport and ship con-
Struction programs.
Evening star., 1956-12-31
DORIS FLEESON

The Eisenhower administra-
tion's projected request Of
Congress for the right to coun-
ter Russian military action in
the Middle East is being Of
fered as a fresh. creative re-
tort to a sudden crisis. It is
no such thing.
Russian penetration of the
Middle East is not a sudden
accomplishment. The way for
1t has long been prepared.
1t came into the open a year
ago last summer when the
present Soviet Foreign Min
lister, Dimitri Shepilov, APP
peared in Cairo in the un-
convincing guise of the editor
of Pravda. 1t was reported at
the time that he acted like a
secret agent and not a jour-
nalist.
II the Central Intelligence
Agency has not long been
telling the whole menacing
truth to Washington, it is
past time to have look at
that agency.
The President also seeks to
make it appear that his
planned request to Congress
for authority to use political.
economic and. If necessary.
military force-the key word
is military-is a gesture Of CO.
operation with Congress. 1t is
not.
The President has the power
to take these actions as Com
mander-in- Chief and as the
chief executor of United
States foreign policy. He does
not need congressional sane
ton in the exercise Of his con-
stitutional powers.
What he actually seeks to do
--as with the similar Formosa
resolution two years ago. a res
olution still on the books-is to
foreclose Congress from veto-
ing or even criticizing his SUBJ
sequent actions in the Middle
East.
The President has three ends
In view.
One is a public relations
matter. The idea is that at
home Mr.. Eisenhower will be
built up as the man Of peace
Evening star., 1956-12-31
Police Barracks
Attacked by IRA

BELFAST, Northern Ireland.
Dec. 81 (R.-Raiders from the
outlawed Irish Republican army
attacked q police barracks near
the border last night. killing 22-
year-old constable John Scally
with a shot in the back.
The raiders blew in the front
door OF the barracks with a
bomb After an exchange OF
rife Are. all apparently escaped
over the border into the Irish
Republic, s miles away.
Evening star., 1956-12-31
The Force of World Opinion

the spokesman Of the Indian
Prime Minister who pro-
claimed that the time is here
when the force of world
opinion is greater than that
of arms abstained from voting
condemnation" by that great
forum of public opinion. So
did another exponent of sim
liar ideals. the representative
of Yugoslavia's Marshal Tito.
Mr.. Nehru's optimism. de-
spite the realities Of the inter-
national situation, has had its
impact on President Eisen-
hower's intimate advisers who
were elated because the Indian
premier had given us a B-plus
mark in international be-
havior.
These officials who have
long practiced international
Coueism--"every day in every
way the world is getting better
and better convinced
that Mr.. Nehru hit the nail
on the head in his address
to the U. N.
They are getting ready to
implement his views in a prac-
tical manner. Study papers
are being prepared for the
Chief Executive dealing with
the possibility of an eventual
withdrawal of forces from
Germany: for another attempt
to discuss disarmament on q
high level with the men In the
Kremlin: and for the first
steps toward easing the ten
sion in the Far East by direct
negotiations with the men
in Peiping. Mr.. Nehru has
promised to be the honest
hroIrer in that situation
Evening star., 1956-12-31

Biggest of these was the $40
acre blaze, also controlled last
might, which flared up near an
oil field in Piru Canyon.
AS fog replaced the dry. gusty
winds that famed flames for
four days, hundreds Of persons
who fled from the fire returned
to the scorched area. Some
found only a chimney standing.
Evening star., 1956-12-31

States was disappointed with
last years elections in which
parties favored by Washington
Masjumi and the Socialists
trailed Mr.. Sastroamidjojo's Ma
tionalists, with the Communists
in fourth place. 1t claimed the
United States State Department
had tried to find another way
to avoid the results of the voting
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-09
B. The Conservation
Reserve

The second part Of the sol
bank-7the conservation reserve
Iprogram-affects both today's
Isurpluses and tomorrow's need,
Iof our growing population.
Under the pressures Of war anc
the production incentives con.
tinued in postwar years, large
areas have come into cultivation
which wise land use and sounC
conservation would have re,
served to forage and trees.
In greater or lesser degree Thu
problem exists throughout the
Nation. Continued cropping Of
these lands results, on the one
hand, in wastage Of soil anc
water resources, and on the
other, in production of commodi.
ties now in surplus.
Today the Nation does moi
need these acres in harvested
crops.
We cannot accurately predict
our country's food needs in thu
years ahead, except that they
will steadily increase. We d.
know. however, that the sounc
course both for today and to.
morrow is wisely to Safeguard
our precious heritage Of food
producing resources 30 we ma