davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1956-12-20
CHRISTMAS TREES FIRST
USED IN GERMANY

Tradition has it that Christmas
trees were first used in Germany
when Christian miSSlonarieS
chopped down trees worShipcd
by the pagans and made decor,
ated tree part of the Christian
celebration.
Earliest records Of the use of
Christmas trees in the United
States indicate that German i'm.
migrants. who wanted TO pre-.
serve the type of Christmas they
had in Germany. were respon-
Siblc for popularizing the use Of
trees in this country.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1956-12-20
bethlehem bASIlIcA
AMONG OLDEST CHURCHES

The Basilica Of the Nativity q!
Bethlehem. constructed more
than 1920 years ago. IS one OF
the oldest churches in Chr!sten,
dom
AS It stands today j; represents
the original building as erected
by Emperor Constantine and res,
torations and additions made IN.
der Justinian.
II is surrounded by three con.
vents of separate faiths. Greek,
Latin and Armenian All three
have the privilege o; worshiping
in the Grotto OF the Nativity.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1956-12-20

heap Of things to touch and see
and an endless journey of being
pushed and pulled through hot,
noisy place - that's child's.
eye-view of the holidays.
If you give children happier
view of the holidays they'll give
you a happier one too.
First of all. avoid crowds with
your children. If they shop with
you. it's best to take them I'M.
mediately after a rest and not
stay too long.
Preschool children often don't
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1956-12-20

tween the middle cakes before
sticking them together.
For a frothy finish, melt para.
film with a colored wax crayon
and whip 1t with an egg beaten.
Spread the foamy. colored paraf.
fin on the square candle and
then stick sequins and other
bright ornaments on 1t.
To make round candles, fill
small cans with melted paraffin.
Drop in a weighted string wick
when the paraffin is hard enough
to hold it up.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1956-12-20

may force bulbs and roots Of
perennials from the ground.
The entire tree may be used
as a bird feeder in the back yard.
1t may be either anchored Sc.
curely or fastened to a fence.
Pieces of suet tied to its branches
and a container Of water nearby
will supply constant supply of
food for your feathered friends.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1956-12-20
HOLIDAY CANDLES WILL
BRIGHTEN HOUSEHOLD

The cheerful glow from a
candle makes any Christmas oc.
casion brighter and candles are
inexpensive and fun to make.
Just heat the edges of four
cakes of commercial paraffin
with a warm iron. and form a
block. Put a strong wick be-
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1956-12-20
SIMPLE CHRISTMAS IS
BEST FOR CHILDREN

Crowds of faces glowing with
the Christmas spirit. Santa with
his laughing eyes and hearty
chuckle. gifts you can use and
some you can',-that'S a grown.
s.eye.view Of the holidays.
\ forest of legs. frustrating
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1956-12-20
HOMEMADE TREATS
MAKE SPECIAL GIFTS

The Christmas season is ira.
di:!ona!ly marked by tasty things
10 eat. And good foods made in
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1956-12-20

pleasant time for your children
if you keep it simple.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-04

of failing to file an income tax
return in Phoenix, Ariz.
After his disappearance from
Buffalo in October. 1854. Testers
personal debts were reported
during involuntary bankruptcy
proceedings at more than Sis
million.
After the verdict. Judge c.
Morgan ordered Lester to appear
for examination tomorrow at IL
am. in United States Bankrupt
cy Court.
Lester was specifically charged
in the indictment with using the
mails. telephone and telegraph
to defraud.
The indictment grew out Of
his activities in the premium
merchandise business. Lester
purchased and sold merchandise
for distribution under purchase
coupon programs set up in chain
outlets, particularly grocery
chains.
According to testimony during
the trial, Testers affairs became
SO complex that he was forced
to borrow extensively to meet his
obligations.
Lester, a native of Newark, N.
j., said he lived in several cities
before coming to Buffalo in 1851.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-04
|Eisenhowers
Spending Quiet
Fourth at Farm

GETTYSBURG. Pa, July 4
lPO.-President and Mrs. Eisen-
hover. enjoying a quiet Fourth
of July, looked forward this
morning to visit from two OF
their four grandchildren--David
g, and Barbara Anne. 7.
They expected the arrival OF
the two children around noon
But White House Press Secretary
James c. Hagerty said there were
no fireworks on tap and no spe-
cial plans for observance of the
holiday.
The Presidents son and daugh-
term law. Maj. John EisenhoW-
er and Barbara, and the other
two grandchildren, Susan, 5, and
Mary Jean, 7 months, are expect
ed to spend the week end at the
EisenhoWerS' country estate.
Asked how the President is
looking, now that he is nearing
the end of his first week of re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-04

would be part-time President
for four years if reelected.
Told that Senator Kefauver
Democrat of Tennessee, had de-
clared the President should re-
pudiate a Republican campaign
memo which said the Official
Communist Party line calls fol-
throwing Communist support tt
the Democrats, Mr.. Hagerty still
stuck to his mo comment"
The memo was put out by the
staff of the Senate COP. Policy
Committee. Senator Kefauvel
called it "despicable and dirty
politics"
HeatOns Are Guests
Maj. Gen. and Mrs. Leonard
D. Heaton spent the holiday
with the Eisenhowers. Dr.
Heaton. commandment of Walter
Reed Army Hospital in Wash.
ington, is the surgeon who per.
formed the Presidents intestine
operation.
Getting back to golf for TIT
first time since the operation
Mr.. Eisenhower yeterday spent
about an hour and a quarter
on his putting green.
Mr. Eisenhower late yesterday
gave an okay for Vice president
Nixon to stop in Thailand
Pakistan and Turkey on his triI
to the Far East. MI. Nixon al.
ready had left on a journey TAX
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-04
Basque Upho|ds
Dr.. DeGaIindez

PARIS. July 4 (P).-The head
Of the Basque government in
exile confirmed yesterday that
a missing Columbia University
lecturer collected funds in the
United States and South America
for use by Basque organizations.
The lecturer. DR.. Jesus de Ca
lindeZ. vanished from the univer-
while en- route from the univer-
sity to his home in New York
He was an outspoken foe of the
Dominican Republic regime of
Generalissimo Rafael Trujillo.
and friends have suggested he
was a victim Of Dominican as
sassins.
United States Justice Depart
ment records show that Dr.. de
Galindez collected slightly more
than 81 million on behalf of
eXiled Basques since 1949. He
was the registered agent for the
anti-Franco government.
Jose Antonio Aguirre, presi-
dent of the Basques in exile,
told reporters yesterday the
money collected by Dr. de Ga
lindez was not necessarily sent
to the Basque delegation in
Paris, as it was used to help
Basque organizations all around
the world and especially in
America"
That would explain" Mr..
Aguirre added. "the difference
between 100000 sent to the
Basque headquarters in Paris
and the 81 million reported to
have been collected by DR.. de
Galindez."
Mr. Aguirre said, DIR. de Ga
lindez was honest in all his acts.
Everybody knows that. including
United States authorities who
we're fully informed of his activi-
ties"
Mr. Aguirre said the Basque
organizations receiving help in
Guided hospitals, schools, cultu-
raj centers and other institutions
excluding Communists. The
Basques originate in an area in
Northern Spain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-04
lila President
Enters Prison

NEW YORK. July 4 (P).-
Capt. william v. Bradley, presi-
dent Of the independent Inter-
national Longshoremen's Asso-
citation, entered Jail yesterday to
serve a l5-day sentence for
criminal contempt.
His falling brought a warn
ing from another dock leader of
a strike on the New York water
front in September.
Capt. Bradley's conviction
stemmed from an eight-day
strike by the independent union
last year. The longshoremen
walked out despite a court order
lorbidding a strike.
Looking grim and unhappy,
Capt. Bradley issued a state
ment which said in part.
THE New York Shipping AS
ISOLATION is sending me to Jail,
hoping to intimidate and de-
moralize the lila as contract
NEGOTIATING time approaches
The association. which repre-
sents all major shipping firms
here. instituted the contempt
proceedings against Capt. Brad
ley.
From the steps Of the Jail
Thomas Teddy Gleason, gen.
eral organizer for the LILA,
warned of a strike-"the biggest
this port ever saw" lin Septem-
Der The present contract be-
tween the longshoremen and the
shippers expires September 30
The unions New York locals
will meet July 1.-THE day Capt.
Bradley is scheduled for release
to formulate new contract de-
mands.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-04

ing him to the Philippines, For
mosa and Wet Nam. He is in
today for celebration OF
the Philippines independence.
Return Date Not Set
No date was set for Mr.
Nixon'S return to Washington
He will fly back across the At
lantic.
Informed sources said il
Washington yesterday that Mr.
Nixon had preached to the
State Department the idea OF
expanding his trip to include
some Iron Curtain countries ir
Europe, but dropped the ides
without carrying it up to MI
Eisenhower.
High State Department Of
ficials were reported to have
advised against such a trip on
the ground that it would give
the impression the United States
is fastening to lend approval
to the new and softer Russian
line.
Death Sentence COMMITTED
In another action late yester-
day, Mr.. Eisenhower committed
to SIS years at hard labor the
death sentence given Pvt. Rich
ard A. Hagelberger of Buffalo
N. Y, convicted by a court mar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-04

defeated a Socialist attempt to
remove the CONSUMPTION bill
from the Bundestag agenda.
The decisive vote came on the
first paragraph of the 45-para-
graph bill. The paragraph says
every West German over the age
Of l8 will be subject to COM
pulsory military service. Other
paragraphs deal mainly with ex-
emptions from this service.
Deputies of Dr.. Adenauer's
three coalition parties-his own
Christian Democrats. the Ger
man Party and the Free Peoples
Party-appeared to vote solidly
for the measure against the OPP
position of the Socialists, the
Free Democrats and the Refugee
Party.
The proposed draft is in
tended to raise a 500,000-man
army for North Atlantic treaty
forces.
Socialist Chairman Erich Oh.
lenhauer, opening the debate,
said his followers would stay
away until the final vote was
taken. to emphasize that the
government parties alone must
bear responsibility for conscrip-
ton. He said the absence of
DR.. Adenauer, now visiting
Rome. was an affront to Par
lament.
Christian Democrat Georg
Kliesing said the BundeStag's
Defense Committee decided after
long deliberations that a West
German defense force of 100000
was essential. He declared:
This force can only be raised
on the basis of compulsory mil
itary service"
Richard Jaeger, chairman of
that committee, said. Without
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-04

CONSUMPTION the security of the
West German Federal Repub-
lie cannot be insured"
Socialist Fritz Erler argued
that CONSUMPTION would mean
economic crisis in West Ger
many and tend to make the
East-West interzonal frontier a
national boundary. He said
CONSUMPTION lin the world of
atomic weapons is an anachron-
ISM"
Great Britain with its world
wide commitments is considering
abolishing consumption" Mr.. Err
Ter said. I'VE are swimming
against the current of world
politics"
Yesterday the ALDERMAN Sy-
nod of the Evangelical Protest
anti Church voiced "misgivings'
about the draft.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-04

cuperation here from an intes-
final operation June 8, Mr.. Hag-
erty told reporters:
We'll, think he's looking bet
ter each day. And, as l said
earlier in the week. I think he's
getting stronger each day"
Now that the President is able
TO get outside bit, Mr. Hagerty
said, he looks as if he is getting
a little more color"
Mr.. Eisenhower was out again
this morning, chipping and putt
ing on his practice golf green
near his country mansion. Fol
the benefit of golfers. Mr.. Hag-
erty reported the Chief EXecu-
tive was using a No. 8 iron. He
spent about 80 minutes arouno
the green.
Won't Comment on Morse
Asked whether he had any
comment on a statement by Sen
ator Morse, Democrat of Oregon
that Mr.. Eisenhower has a cleal
obligation to tell the Natior
whether he still intends to try fol
a second tenn. Mr.. Hagerty fol-
lowed his usual practice Of
shunting aside politics. He sale
he never has any comment or
anything Senator Morse says.
Nor, he said, would he have
any on statement by Senator
Sparkman. Democrat of Ala
bama, that Mr. Eisenhower
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-04

tial of a killing in Germany four
years ago.
I'm darned happy about it,
said Hagelberger, %, who is con-
fined at Fort LeavenWorth, Kan.
He was convicted, along with
Pvt John Vigneault, of killing
two German civilians and steal
ing their auto.
Last December, Mr.. Eisen-
hover had reduced Vigneault' S
death sentence to SIS years i'm
prisonment. The Army con-
tended that Hagelberger was
1.-The moving spirit" in the crime,
although testimony was that
Vigneault actually fired the shots.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-04
Teachers Strike

MEXICO CITY; July 4 tPl.-
Primary grade teachers staged
their fourth one-day walkout in
two weeks yesterday in a demand
for a 80 per cent wage boost
They have rejected an Educa-
ton Ministry formula for in
creases ranging from "a to 33
per cent. The walkouts left Co.
900 children without classes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-04
Lester Freed
In Fraud Case

BUFFALO, N. Y. July 4 (P).-
Business promoter Harry Lester
was acquitted by Federal Court
jury last night of all counts of
an indictment charging he de-
frauded II persons of Sl43, 1895.
Pending against the 42-year-
old defendant are Federal
charges of fraud in Chicago and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-04
Compulsory -Bonn Draft
Backed in Bundestoq

BONN, Germany, July QF.The West German Bundestag
today semina of approval compulsory military
service
The lower house approved the proposal by
second reading and prepared for final Friday.
Chancellor KOnrad Adenauers supporters earlier had
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-12
.Vinson and Pate
Confer on Deaths
BY the Associated Press

Chairman Vinson of the House
Armed Services Committee today
was to confer with Gen. Ran
dolph Pate, Marine Corps COM
mandant, on the drowning of six
recruits during march at Paris
Island, S. c., Sunday night.
The Georgia Democrat said he
would make no statement about
the possibility of a committee in
vcstigatlon until after his talk
with Gen. Pate. The general
who flew to Paris Island Monday
to take personal charge of the
Corps investigation, has returned
! to Washington.
! Meanwhile, a Marine court OF
inquiry at the Paris Island base
continued the painstaking work
of pleclng together details of the
drownings after a warning to the
Navy from Senator Ives, Repub-
lican Of New York, that IAN in
adequate investigation or expla-
nation of the tragedy by the
Navy would result in a congress
Slonal investigation"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-12

he is over the original shock
and is given more intensified
training and schooling in mill
tary subjects.
Recruit Becomes Marine
During the course of all this, a
subtle change comes over the
recruit. For one thing. he learns
ito use his rifle and use it well.
If he mistreats it, the DIS make
him sleep with it.
He also has become an accom-
pllshed marcher and begins to
take pride in his ability at
rhythmic marching, his endur-
ance on the long hikes and his
new found skill at hitting a tar
get at 500 yards with a rifle
bullet.
Toward the end, the DIS
change. too A comradeshlp has
become established and tolerance
increases as departure days come
near.
It's tough and grUelllng and
indigniied and the recruits are
called more names than they
ever knew existed. But the fin
lShed product is a different
and in many ways-a better man
than the day he reached Paris
Island.
The training is intended to
make men. not destroy them
and the combat record OF the
Marine Corps speaks for itself
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-12

Dominic broke down and wept
on his shoulder
why did they have to kill
lhim-you'll be next" she cried
Marine officers assisted the
family to the car for the return
trip.
The Fairfax County youths
body was taken to the Cunning
nam funeral home in Alexandria
pending funeral services to be
held at lis pm Monday. Burial
will be in Arlington Cemetery
Honor Guard al Base
Meanwhile. at Paris Island, a
150-man honor guard was de-
tailed to attend memorial serv-
ices for their dead buddies at
the base chapel,
A separate memorial service
was scheduled today at the base
for Thomas Curtis Hardeman
20, of Vidalia, Ga. Young
IHardeman's body was to be
taken to Savannah, Ga, by
Ambulance.
Set an hour later was a Joint
memorial for the other dead.
This service was for Jerry
Thomas. Donald Francis O'Shea,
ID, of Brooklyn, N. Y; Charles
Francis Reilly, IS, of Blyde,
N. Y; Leroy Thomson, ID, of
Brooklyn, and Norman Alfred
Wood. II. of BAY Shore N Y
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-12

Nihart, head of the personal af-
fairs branch at Marine Corps
Headquarters, headed a contin-
gent of Marine officers.
The family was brought tc
the airport in a Marine station
wagon and returned home.
AS the bearers prepared to take
the flag -draped coffin from the
plane. Miss Hall screamed
"Jerry!" and broke into a fit OF
weeping. Later she sobbed. HE
said he would come back"
Had Planned to Marry
Jerry and Joan met as seventh
graders and planned to marry
soon. Mrs. Coughlin had agreed
to help her son pick out a ring
Hes my baby" mourned the
mother.
AS the Marines bore the coffin
to a hearse, Marine S Sergt
Emilio Dominic, who accompa-
MED the body from Paris Island,
rushed over to his wife. Mrs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-12

march landed, Mrs. Alma T.
Coughlin sobbed bitterly:
Il didn't know the rugged
training consisted Of murder. but
that's what it was-that's what
they did to my boy"
Young Thomas mother was
supported by her husband, Aston
P. Coughlin. With them were
Jerry's brother, Richard Thomas.
10; two sisters, jeanne Thomas,
Fl, and Mrs. Dominic Emilio, and
the girl he had planned to
marry, Miss Joan Hall, 16.
Delayed by Head Winds
The plane, scheduled to ar
rive at 1920 was delayed until
nearly II am. by head winds.
1t took off from Paris Island
to carry the bodies of the re-
cruitS to relatives in Northern
cities. The next stop after
Washington was New York.
Marines in dress blues from
the barracks at Eighth and
streets Sc, formed an eight
man body bearers group at Ma
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-12

rule for the recruit. and ther
only in the proper manner.
Sir. Pvt. Jones requests per
mission to speak to the drill
instructor, sir" Sad is the re.
cruit who forgetS the "sir" a.
the proper time and doesn't ust
his rank (private) when address.
ing anyone other than another
recruit. The DIS are always
enlisted men. too; a recruit al
most never sees an officer al
Paris Island.
Quick obedience is taught ir
an interesting way. in a drill
called "inside-outside." A drill
instructor shouts to his platoon
Get inside!" AS soon as the
platoon gets inside the barracks
comes the command: Get out
side!" The process is repeated
urged on by cries of Faster
faster" The next command the
DI gives after such an exercise
will be obeyed swiftly.
! Marches, moving at the run
rifle exercises, all are the order
of the day. but in all these
things-the DI goes first.
III Goes To School
The Job of the DI is to train
His primary job is to teach dis
cipline. Before he begins to
teach, the DI attends a four
week drill instructors school.
Seemingly minor infractions OF
discipline are serious matters
here. Marines are taught they
must depend on each other in
combat. In platoon If one
man fouls up. all suffer.
Here are some examples of
some methods of correction used
at Paris Island:
The dry shave-a man who
can't seem to get close cut with
a wet razor has to shave with a
dry one. Sometimes he is made
to shave while running in place,
or singing. or both.
Lackadaislcal platoons often
are made to shout: One. two,
three. four. 7 love the Marine
Corps!" until Threats are dry and
voices hoarse. Singing under a
bucket, is a common cure for
laughing recruits.
Belligerent recruits are told to
put on the gloves with the DI or
their Quarrel-mate.
In the summer the island is
infested with sand fleas. II a
platoon is left lat ease" or at
tention" for even a short period
the sand fleas will turn any I'M
covered portion of the body into
a mass of weltS. A platoon stands
at attention and let's the f1eas
bite. rather than raise a hand
to scratch. The DIS say, You
had your chow. let the fleas have
theirs"
Unscheduled hikes or double
time marches or drills were not
unusual. 1t was up to the DI.
3 Stages of Training
The training is strict but not
without purpose. DIS are told
in their school that there are
three stages which a recruit goes
through before his basic training
is complete:
/. Shock. This is the trans
formation from civilian to mill
tary life in one big jump. About
10 out Of a platoon of 10 will
have 10 drop out or be declared
as unfit for service.
g. Awakening. The recruit is
beginning to come out of his
early fright stage and immedi-
ately is taught discipline, tradi-
tons of the corps and allegiances
TO his platoon and his recruit
company.
3 Recovered. In this period
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-12
Marines open Door
To Public on Troinino

mot at the recruits. but from
guard noncoms to guards. The
recruits stood in isolation during
all the administrative hustle, OBJ
viouSly nervous about what would
happen next.
The isolation was part of the
welcome" an officer told me.
Ii showed the new men who was
boss and put them in a frame
of mind 10 follow orders strictly,
just to be on the safe side.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-12
BOOT CAMP
Continued From First Page

/ VII = "a I a Z
and high shoes. There are nc
dress uniforms in boot camp.
] He gets a carton of cigarettes
soap. a razor, tennis shoes and
a hrush-nothing else. He won't
need any candy or sweets while
he's there and he gets none.
The necessities Of life become
luxuries. There is little time
for writing home. but it's not
forbidden He's up at 5 am.
every day and in bed by 10 He
marches to chow (all meals come
under the heading of chow
marches to church and IF he's
"a member of a good" platoon
ito the movies once in a while.
There is no leave and a recruit
can't even go to the latrine
without permission in his early
days there.
Speak when spoken to is the