davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-05
Investigating the Press

1t is hardly necessary to say that
the press does not have and should not
want any special immunity from investi-
cation by congressional committee.
The First Amendments guarantee of a
free press is not a shield against proper
inquiry by duly authorized committee
of Congress.
Some n1isgiving has been expressed
on this score in connection with the
opening of public hearings by Senator
Eastland's Internal Security Subcommit-
tee, which is investigating alleged Com
munist infiltration of the press.
One expression of this concern has
come from the American Civil Liberties
Union. In statement Monday, the
ACLU said that the investigation has
been characterized "in certain quarters"
as "a repriSal against newspapers which
have been critical of congressional COM
mittees probes of communism in recent
years :" The statement did not iden-
tify the certain quarters" and added
that no "direct", evidence has been dis
closed to support this view of the inquiry.
Senator Eastland has responded by de-
4lou1iSAiS klIC AApIASdt4OIlS VI tIllS StdGS-
ment, and by expressing his full indorse-
ment of comment by Senator Hennings
that it should be made clear that the in
vestigation lis not in any sense an attack
on the free press of the United States
-. (and) is not an attack on any one
newspaper or on any group OF newspapers
as SUCH" We think it well to note, how
ever, that the New York Times, great
and highly respected newspaper, shares
the ACLU view. The Times, In an edi-
torial today, expresses the belief that 1t
is being made the target, In reprisal
against its editorial policies. Of the In
vestigation.
So the value of the committees as
surance will be tested as its inquiry, moves
along. Meanwhile, If the Communists
have infiltrated the press, that fact
should be exposed. IF the committee goes
beyond this and gets into the field of
coercion or reprisal, we have every con-
fidence that the press can and will sue
cessfully deal with such threat when 1t
arises
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-05

Ten Democratic Senators have called
for an official inquiry into the 12-weeks-
old Westinghouse Electric strike. What
ever their motivation or opinions, there
can be scant disagreement with their
conclusion that "the stalemate seriously
harms not only the best interests of the
company, its stockholders and employees,
but also the welfare of the country as
whole" For the prolonged Westinghouse
dispute has become an outstanding ex-
ample of labor management relations at
their worst and their most costly. Vio-
lence-accompanied by destruction of
property and many personal injuries
has become more the rule than the
exception. The cost-to the company
and union treasures, to the stockholders
and to the employes-must be measured
In millions of dollars. And with no set
tlement in sight, bitterness on both sides
appears to have grown deeper with each
fruitless effort at negotiation.
If an official inquiry-the 'if" is
big one-can help settle the dispute, the
sooner it is started the better. Such an
inquiry would be useless, however, If 1t
turned out to be a device for beating
the propaganda drums for either side.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-05
4 Am the Law

No political history of the United
States could be complete without dealing
with the phenomenon of bosses" and
their influence upon their times. In the
long roll of those whose personal power
made itself felt far beyond his physical
environs was Frank Hague, dead at 70.
Mr.. Hague's highest elective Office was
that of Mayor of Jersey City but he was,
in fact, for nearly 80 years the political
overload of New Jersey and figure to
be reckoned with in the Democratic Party
nationally. His personality and his
strong arm tactics in politics made Hague
a controversial individual, one whom his
enemies hated and his followers at least
espected-whether from fear or ad-
miration. When he boosted in 1887 that
II am the law in Jersey City" it was an
indiscretion that plagued him politically
in later years, but it was not too great
an exaggeration in the eyes of those who
found themselves committed to battle in
his Jurisdiction. Whether good or bad,
or some Of both, he left his mark.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-05
Airport WhirIigig

The airport merry-go-round con-
tinues. The consideration Of sites for q
second National Airport has now trav-
eled a full circle and we are back where
we started some years ago. More spe-
officially, the Commerce Department has
restudied all possible sites in the Wash
ington area and has decided to revive
the long-discarded proposal for making
use of part of Andrews Air Force Base
as civilian air terminal. And If that
plan flops again, the department suggests
that the dormant project at Burke, Viz
ginia, be reactivated.
Secretary of Commerce Weeks is
right. Andrews would be good loca-
ton for Washington's supplementary air.
port But every recommendation toward
that end in the past has met with mill
tary resistance as well as opposition from
residents of the area. There Is nothing
in Mr.. Weeks report to the Interstate
Commerce Committee to indicate that
these objections have been overcome.
Indeed, another storm is brewing, with
even the Air Transport Association join
ing in the opposition. The report con-
cedes that Joint use Of the Andrews
base might be limiting to degree
to both the civil and the military
(trafic)." If the Pentagon has agreed
to joint use of the Andrews facilities,
long step will have been taken toward
adoption of the Andrews plan. But the
Air Force is said to be strongly opposed
to the mixing of military and civilian fly
ing, for safety reasons.
The report agrees with previous And
ings that the best location, other than
Andrews, for a new airport would be
Burke Supporting the second position
given the Fairfax County site is the fact
that the Federal Government already
owns more than 1000 acres Of land there,
which 1t bought at a cost of nearly 81
million. That is consideration which
cannot be lightly disregarded. But,
whether the final decision is Andrews
or Burke, it is highly important that the
seemingly endless delay in solving Wash
ington's airport problem be ended as soon
as possible. For the dangerous conges-
ton at the Gravelly Point terminal
grows more acute every year-as secre-
tary Weeks report revealed statistically
We hope Congress can break the impasse
and get things under way.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-05

Not In almost 30 years has
a President failed to have
elected with him a House Of
Representatives which was
controlled by his own political
party This is q record that
must be taken into considera-
ton when Democrats claim
they win elect a Democratic
Congress, even II President
Eisenhower runs and is re-
elected.
Goes Back to Hayes
Control of the popular house
Of Congress has gone with the
President-elect ~ the carcass
with the hide in politics since
1876. when Rutherford B.
Hayes, q Republican. was de-
clared an elected President
over Samuel j. Tilden by the
electoral commission, set up
by Congress to decide the is
sue. The issue was the elec-
toral vote of three Southern
States. claimed by both sides.
The commission decided In IA
vor of Hayes. But Hayes ran
almost a quarter Of million
votes behind Tilden in popular
vote, and the Democrats elect
ed a majority of the House Of
Representatives in the same
election. In 1917. third party
members, voting with the Dem
ocrats, gave Woodrow Wilson
q Democratic controlled
House.
It is q record that undoubt-
edly will encourage the Repub-
licans, II and when they have
popular President Eisenhower
at the head Of their national
ticket. Like other Presidents
since Hayes, Eisenhower car
ried with him into Office a Re-
publican majority Of the House
In 1852, when he was chosen
Chief Executive. Like q num-
Der of other Presidents, he saw
q politically hostile House
elected in 1854 midterm
election-when the President
was not himself running.
The tremendous popularity
of Eisenhower was shown. too.
in the fact that he carried POT
congressional districts In 1852,
although Republicans won
only 221 districts. Since 218
constitutes a majority of the
whole House. the g. o. P.
margin of control was down
almost to a razor edge. In the
1854 congressional elections the
Democrats made a net gain Of
% seats. AS of today, the
Democrats have 231 House
seats-with one Democratic
seat vacant due to a death
and the Republicans have 203.
To regain control Of the House
in this years elections, the
Republicans must make a net
gain Of is seats. Can they do
it? Can they hold all the seats
they now have, many Of which
are in so-called marginal
districts?
These facts 49, Eisenhower's
popularity and the strength
he will give Republican con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-05

for Mr.. Kubitschek's vote-winning cam
paign platform last October.
Mr.. Kubitschek is member of the
dominant middle of the road Social
Democratic Party in Brazil and had been
generally considered the heir apparent
to the late President Getulio Vargas. The
election results confirmed this estimate
despite some intense factional maneuver-
ing that both preceded and followed the
voting. The new President is facing a
big job and great opportunity in his
country, but the prospects seem favorable
for strengthening Brazils position in the
Western Hemisphere.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-05
The Sudan on Its Own

After having been ruled for almost
81 years by the Anglo-E Egyptian condo
minimum, the Sudan now has won back
full independence as sovereign republic.
The victory has been achieved primarily
as result of patient negotiation in which
both the Cairo and London governments
have displayed good craftsmanship OF
sort that serves to point up the mendacity
of the Kremlin's current propaganda as
sault on Western "colonialism."
AS far as relatively modern times are
concerned, the Sudan began seeking
autonomy early in the last century, when
1t fell to the Egyptians. At one point it
staged successful rebellion against its
conquerors and established its own rule.
But In 1899, with Egypt's help, Britain
took over, and the country then became
subject to the condominium. At the close
of the Second World War, however,
change-making pressures were set in mo-
ton, and finally, in 1858, Cairo and Lon
don negotiated formula for Sudan's
self-determination on the basis of either
associating with the British Common
wealth, uniting with Egypt or becoming
a completely independent nation.
Given this set of alternatives, the
Sudanese promptly decided that they
wanted full independence and they chose,
with Anglo-Egyptian concurrence, to at
tain it at an even faster rate than en-
visioned in the 1853 agreement. The
result is that today they are wholly their
own masters in a country embracing
nearly one million square miles of terri
tory and population of nine million.
And although they face number of
internal difficulties, including differences
between the advanced Mosleln north and
the primitive south, there is reason to
believe that they are we'll equipped for
self-government. AS for foreign policy,
they apparently intend to align them
selves with the Arab League.
1r any event, the world at large now
welcomes the Sudan into the family OF
sovereign nations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-05
THE POLITICAL MILL
The House and Presidential Elections
By GOULD LINCOLN

gresSional candidates II he
heads the G. o. p. ticket-are
not overlooked by either Re-
publicans or Democrats. Both
are anxiously awaiting Eisen-
hower's decision on whether
to run again. Democrats, 1t
Is true. claim they can elect
their presidential nominee
even II Eisenhower Is the Re-
publican candidate. But q lot
Of them don't believe 1t deep
down inside.
Congressional Quarterly has
made q survey Of the con-
gressional districts and the
chances Of Republican and
Democratic victory In each Of
them. 1t has come up with 1874
districts which it calls mar
ginal." because they were won
in the last election by less
than so per cent Of the vote
cast. The hottest contests for
House seats. 1t estimates, will
be in 20 States which have
l73 of these marginal districts.
And 1t adds that the Repub-
licans have more than twice
as many of these marginal
districts to defend as have the
Democrats-l24 to so.
Seventy-one of these dis
tricts. held by Republicans. lie
In the Midwest, where the Is
sue Of lower farm prices has
become intense. Indeed, it is
on the farm price issue that
the Democrats hope. very
largely, for victory next fall.
1t is the fly in the prosperity
ointment Of the Republicans.
Indeed. II the farmers were
reasonably prosperous, the
Democrats would have little
chance in the coming elections.
For the rest Of the country and
its workers are more prosper
GUS than they have been in a
long time.
Favors Democrats
The Democrats are claiming
they will take at least 40 House
seats now held by Republicans.
But II Eisenhower runs, they
may not make any gains at
all in the House. Also, the
President may be able, with
Democratic aid as well as Re-
publican. to get through the
present Congress a program Of
assistance to the farmers that
will change the political pic
ture for the better-as the Re-
publicans will view it.
The real fighting districts
are those in which the Con-
gresham won by less than IS
per cent Of the vote cast in
the last election. Here again
the Democrats have the best
of the showing for there are
So districts in which Republic
can candidates won by less
than SIS per cent Of the vote,
and only 80 districts held by
Democrats who won by less
than SIS per cent.
1t looks as though 1t would
take an Eisenhower to rescue
the COP.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-05
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

one is small, and doesn't know
many words, it is almost i'm
possible.
Shyly the child smiled.
It was a smile out Of this
world, one that made beauty
perfect.
Here, again, nature was kind,
because she refined upon the
perfect face, so that the smile
was as if the sun had Just
come out, and fingered there
awhile.
Templeton Jones, connois-
seur of beauty, realized that
he was looking at perfection.
AS soon as the child left the
bus, gallant Col. Jones arose
and sat down beside the lady
who so evidently had shared
his opinion.
She is the most beautiful
girl in Washington" said
Jones, with conviction.
She certainly is," agreed
the lady.
What nationality is she?"
asked he. "Italian?"
NO" replied the other,
Spanish. I asked her."
did you talk Spanish to
her?" ...
mo. only English, but she
doesn't understand much"
Well" said. T e m pleton
Jones. now I know that Spain
has the most beautiful girls.
as we'll as the most beautiful
music"
So saying, he bowed himself
back to his old seat.
The lady leaned across the
aisle.
What I want to know" she
said, lis why she put her hat
on, when she got in. and took
it of when she got out into the
air. Did you notice that?"
II did" said Templeton
Jones. And she looked per-
feet both ways"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-05

@. Why does q solar plexus
blow sometimes knock out a
f1ghter?-N. u. L.
A. A blow here may send a
shower Of nerve impulses to
the brain. "blacking out" the
victim. or the increased pres
sure in the abdominal cavity
may be transmitted to the
spinal cord and produce weak
ness and numbness In the
limbs. The solar plexus is one
Of four key targets in boxing
the others being temple.
Jaw and heart.
@. I understand that incu-
bators do all the Matching Of
eggs in modern poultry farms.
How are "broody" hens man
aged in these places?
C. G. M.
A. Scientific breeding has
produced major changes in
meat" chickens in recent
years. Eggs are now laid all year
long, and the setting instinct
has been bred out of the pedi-
greed hens with which modern
poultry farms are stocked.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-05

Templeton Jones' Christmas
season was made complete
when he saw the most
beautiful girl In Washington.
Most beauty queens are 10
years old.
This one was about a third
that age. She wore a Scotch
plaid dress. and a brown heret
that she held in her hand
for a time.
Her profile was that of an
angel. such as one sees in
the great paintings of the
masters.
Her full face was that Of a
beautiful little animal, per-
haps a faun. straight out OF
the ancient world when Pan
was in his prime.
A city bus is a strange place
to see the most beautiful girl
in Washington.
The woman who occupied
the seat with the picture child
thought so, too.
She tried to talk to her,
but found she knew little Eng
lish.
Our old friend. Jones, across
the aisle, would have made
goo-goo eyes. too, but long
riding on public vehicles made
him look severely out the win
dow.
He = did, ! however. steal
glances, now and then, at the
most beautiful girl.
n
The latter, with the calm
disregard of beauty for custom,
put her hat on her tousled
dark brown hair.
It was perfect hair. the kind
that stands up just where 1t
should. and lies down where
1t ought to.
Temp Jones. whose obdurate
hair has always stood up
where it shouldn't, marveled
at how wonderful nature Ia to
the beautiful.
With the lovely ones, all is
lovely.
This perfect child was COM
pellingly perfect, so that the
soft dull tartan she wore could
not have been excelled by
Patou.
The child put her hat on
her head, as If In a church,
or somewhere.
No doubt it was the foreign
touch. Jones thought, or may
be she was careful to protect
her hair from the dust.
Or perhaps-and now he
thought he had it--there was
another reason.
1t might be that she was
now a real American child,
despite her Italian appearance.
so filled with the very air of
the great movie stars from that
country.
She simply took her hat off
outdoors in the best American
tradition, and put 1t on again
indoors.
Solemnly the little one sat
by the side of the enamored
lady.
The latter tried her best,
with the broadcast smiles, to get
the child to talk.
It was hard going, what with
the noise Of the bus, and the
lack of words. Talk, after all.
depends upon words. and when
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-05
New Stole

The burden lay upon his
shoulders
Like granite, like the glacial
boulderS,
And though he tried to get
rid OF it,
He found that he began to
lone 1t.
So used he DdS to constant
STOPPING,
So used to using it for dipping,
He found his burden quite
heroic,
Assumed the mien OF a stole.
Ruby Zosoren
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-05

letters are Sn05ect 70 con1en-
sation.
the natural order and every
one will be happy to maintain
that status quo
]. see no reason for such un-
rest Gray bills. constitutional
amendments. etc. The good
Lord made us all, and Abe
Lincoln loved the Lord.
Pro Bono PublicO.
\ y
Advocates Of the constitu-
tional amendment to permit
Virginia to pay tuition grants
for segregated education have
called in vain upon Gov. STAN
ley for assurances that the
public education system will
be preserved. Perhaps they
have not been explicit enough.
The needed assurances can be
simply stated: Will Gov. STAN
ley. as chief executive Of Viz
ginia, enforce the constitu-
tional provision for IAN eff
ficient system of free public
education throughout the
State? VIII he prosecute non-
compliance with compulsory
attendance laws? VIII his adj
ministration set UP regulations
to prevent tuition payments in
districts which do not main
tain public schools? viii he
veto legislation which denies
him power to do these things?
The Governor certainly cam
not insure what the Assembly
will do. That Is one Of the
blank checks the voters are
asked to sign. But Governor
Stanley can state unequivo-
cally what he will do. II he
does, he stands TO gain votes
for the amendment among
those voters who now feel that
the Governor himself Is a
dubious part Of this whole
dubious plan. viii he act.
or will he allow doubts to grow
until the amendment is de-
feated?
Lindsey n. Harmon.
~ y
Yes, there is q moral issue
involved in the referendum on
calling the constitutional con-
vention In Virginia. 1t is dis
tinctly immoral and immoral
to sacrifice a generation of
white children In the South in
order to try to pull up a gen.
Grafton Of Negro children. And
that Is exactly what integra-
ton advocates are trying to
do in opposing the constitu-
tional change that would make
1t possible for white children
to attend segregated private
schools.
Christianity is a religion of
high standards, and the in
dorsement of indignation by
some ministers, when they
know what It's effects on moral
standards will be. constitutes
politics. not religion. United
States Public Health Service
statistics prove conclusively
that there is 10 times as much
illegitimacy among the non
white population. They show
that venereal disease. which is
directly related to moral
standards. is many times as
prevalent among the Negro
population as among whites.
It is highly immoral to deny
to white children educational
opportunity based on high
standards in order to teach
in the same classroom Negro
children who cannot meet
these standards. Under pres
ent-day teaching methods the
standard becomes the lowest
com m on denominator, and
standardized tests in Virginia
have shown that the average
of the lowest quarter of white
children exceeds the average
for the highest quarter of
Negro children at the same
grade level.
The brotherhood of man
that Christianity advocates is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-05
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry ,Driters' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
sation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-05
Questions and Answers
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE

A reader can GET an answer to any
factua' question by writing The
Evening Star information bureau,
1900 Eye ct NV. WashtnRton 5,
d C Please tnclose cents for 70.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1956-11-08
SOCIALISM DEFINED

There have been and are many
definitions of Socialism. The one
which to my mind best described
this 'Utopian Dream" was given
by the late William Graham
Sumner, Professor of Political
and Social Science, Yale Uni
versity, 1872-l9O9. 1t follows:
Socialism is any device or
doctrine whose aim is to save in
dividuals from any of the diff
culties or hardships of the strug-
gle for existence and the conpe-
tition Of life by the intervention
of the State. Inasmuch the
State never is or can be anything
but some other people, Social
ism is a device for making some
people fight the struggles for
existence for others"
Uttered over 25 years before
Franklin D. Roosevelt was elect
ed for his first presidential term
in 1882, this definition of Pro
fessor Summers very aptly de-
scribed the New Deal launched
by FDR, and its successor, the
Fair Deal Of Harry Truman. This
seems to indicate that these two
IDEALS" were nothing more nor
less than Socialism only the
name was changed ito fool the
innocent" (apologies to Drag
net" for this paraphrase).
Just contrast Socialism or New
Deal or Fair Deal, with The
American Way" which is a de-
vice or doctrine which makes it
possible for each Individual to
fight his own struggles for exist
ence, to preserve his rights to
life, liberty and the pursuit of
happiness"