davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-06
Stevenson Meets q Test

Adlai Stevenson has recorded his
most impressive victory when it may do
him the most good. At the end Of more
than three months of exhauSting and
often bitter campaigning, he demon
strated in California an ability to come
back from earlier defeats, to survive
rough-and- tumble form of electioneering
and to increase irnmeaSurably his chances
Tor nomination in August. CALIFORNIA; SO
delegates enable him to count on APP
proximately $50 committed votes in the
Chicago convention. More Importantly,
however, his campaign managers should
be able to win new commitments in the
next two months from delegations pre-
viouSly undecided and from those who
have been standing by to take his meas
a showdown test. Mr.. Stevenson met it
with marked success.
For the Tennessee Senator, the Cali
fornia result is a devastating setback.
His claim that he was peoples choice"
has sagged steadily since Minnesota, and
his f1rSt-ballot support at Chicago, now
estimated at less than 200 votes, is more
apt to fall than to rise.
The question still remains, of course.
as to whether "block-Stevenson move
ment might develop between Mr.. Kefau-
yer and some Of the dark-horse posi-
bilitieS = most prominently mentioned
being Governor Hartman of New York.
The Tennessean's message of congratu-
lations to Mr.. Stevenson hardly elm
mated the personal bitterness that had
developed between the two in the final
primaries Some of lit is likely to carry
over to Chicago. The Stevenson forces,
however, are well organized. Their candi-
date has winning momentum at this
point He is more clearly the betting
favorite today for his partys nomination
than at any time since announcing sew
eral months ago that he was ready and
willing to try again.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-06
William E. Leohy

1t would be difficult to think Of any
man who has given more generously Of
his time, talents and energy to this city
than William E. Leahy. The Tuberculosis
Association and the Washington Home
for FoundlingS had his consistent sup
port. A great deal of his time was spent
as director of the District Selective Serv-
ice. And he gave still more of his time
as chairman of the Citizens Advisory
Council to the District Commissioners.
With all of this, and this is far from all,
he was fine lawyer and a fine teacher
Of the law. 1t was hardly surprise when,
In 1851, the District Bar Association
honored him with its first merit award
for outstanding service to the people of
the District"
1t is not for these things, however,
that Bill Leahy will be remembered best
by those who knew him well. They will
remember him as good companion and
loyal friend; as man who took pride in
his accomplishments without vanity; as
one who seemed always to have moment
to spare for the small things, the kind
things, that can mean so much in world
that sees too little Of them. We know that
there are thousands of people in this
city who share with us sense Of deep
personal loss, now that he Is dead.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-06
Firing d Communist

A Mrs. Doris Walker was discharged
by the Cutter Laboratories of California
in 1949. She was found to be an active
Communist, although her employer did
not know this at the time she was hired.
In addition, she falsif1ed her employment
application in several material respects
and induced her character references
to conceal the falSifications from the
employer.
One would think there would be no
question about the employers right to fire
Mrs. Walker. But three justices, in
dissenting opinion, said the Supreme
Court should not "allow" California to
sustain the woman's discharge.
Fortunately, the majority of the court
thought otherwise. Speaking through
Justice Clark, they said that no sub
stantial Federal question was presented
and they refused to set aside California
Supreme Court finding that Cutter was
justified, under its contract with the
union in its plant. in firing Mrs. Clark
because she was Communist.
If two of the majority justices had
felt otherwise, however, the contrary view
WOuAO NC CoGdDlloIlcQ DIS Lie law. CO1S6-
aquently, it may be worthwhile to take
look at the dissent, written by Justice
Douglas and concurred in by Chief Justice
Warren and Justice Black.
They did not deal with the falsifca-
tons in the application, combining them
selves to the point that the California
court had sustained the dismissal of Mrs.
Walker because of her Communist activ-
ity. This, said Justice Douglas, means
that Mrs Walker was being penalized
because of her political beliefs. And, he
declared, "it is elementary that freedom
OF political thought is protected by the
Fourteenth Amendment against inter-
ference by the States and against Federal
RECOMMENDATION by the First Amendment"
It follows, if the minority had had its
way, that the Cutter Laboratories would
have been required to rehire Mrs. Walker,
with back pay, despite her Communist
activity and her falsifications We think
it is very good thing that the majority
view prevails.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-06
Top-LeyeL Clash

A significant crack is beginning to
appear in the upper level of virginia's
Democratic organization. This is clearly
reflected in the clash between State At
torney General ]. Lindsay Almond, jr.,
and E. Blackburn Moore, speaker of the
House of Delegates, over the school seq
regation issue.
Declaring that every legal weapon at
his command has been exhausted, Mr..
Almond had publicly appealed to Gov
ernor Stanley to call the Legislature into
session. 1.-THE Governor announced to-
day that he plans to do this.) Mr.. Almond
wants legislation which would give him
something to hang his hat on when he
goes into court to fight indignation suits
filed by the NAACP. He has been severely
criticized for making this public state
ment, however, by Mr.. Moore. who is gen.
orally considered to be the Organization"
leader in the Legislature.
The real significance of this does not
lie in the fact that these two men have
clashed openly, although in our view Mr..
Almond was clearly right and it is note
worthy that he has felt impelled to pub
LILY oOOoA Vic otdlI1llg CdCGlCS CIldI nave
been INDUCED in. The greater significance
is to be found in one statement by Mr..
Moore.
He asked whether Mr.. Almond pro-
poses to tight for continued segregation
in the school year beginning in Septem-
Der, or whether he desires Legislation
that would permit any form of integra-
ton for this coming year." The fair
inference is that Mr.. Moore opposes any
form OF school indignation. And we sus-
pect that his opposition is not confined
to the coming school year, but that he
and those who agree with him are op-
posed to any Indignation at any time
anywhere in the State.
If this inference is correct, and if
this is the real motive for the delaying
tactics at Richmond, the project is
doomed to failure. For it is as certain as
anything can be that the courts, on the
existing record, are going to order inte-
grafton, and the people in very large
part Of the State are going to accept
Indignation rather than abandon their
public school system.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-06
Theology Debate
Joan Hailstalk.

DR.. Thomas Mattingly's let
ter Failures ALP" would re-
duce the mind of Christ" to
a few catchy cliches that
would certainly warm the heart
Of the most ardent anti-in-
tellectual. Has not the time
long since passed to be in
dulging in the old 10th CEN
fury mischief of making theol-
ogians serve as the whipping
boys for every real and imagi-
nary grievance with Christi
anity?
DR.. Mattingly is concerned
with the violence done against
the individual and the current
most efficient exponent of that
violence: Communism. He
would have us believe that all
we have to do is to take the
simplif1ed message of Christ
without any aid from the Con
troversial system of theology"
and these two problems will
disappear. So let us dismiss
the theologians and open the
New Testament.
In st. Matthew we read, do
you think that ! have come
to send peace upon the earth:
! have come to bring the sword,
not peace" Now if we seize
on this quote, it has all the
simplicity that those who dread
profound scholarship could
possibly ask. Further the
passage not only advocates the
violence Of the sword, but this
violence against ones own fam
lily. A few chapters farther
on in st. Matthew. we find
Christ, leaving theological
distinctions to the side, giving
this apparent contradiction to
st. Peter. Put back thy sword
for all those who take
the sword will perish by the
sword" I suppose that DR..
Mattingly will simply contend
that this passage means that
the Christian lamb should lie
down with the Communist lion.
Now theology is the study Of
God (not etymoloey) and it
is possible to pretend that it is
therefore "divisive, selfish. and
unrepentant" and to further
pretend that its absence is vir-
tue. But until God chooses
to replace reason by innate
ideas, man will have to strug-
gle to the knowledge Of "the
light. and the way, and the
truth" by study.
George B. Beg, jr.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-06
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES (. TRACEWELL

ical and touching adventures"
Evidently this pleasing small
animal is the same wherever
you find him.
Not only do the rings on his
tail stand out, but also the
black mask across his eyes.
A bird that has a small
black mask is the Maryland
yellowthroat. seen mostly in
shrubbery. and not too often
there.
Americas raccoon is related
to the bear. strangely enough.
He gets his name from the
Algonquian language, literally
meaning che who scratches
with his hands"
y X
The food washing by the
animal is one of its most in
teresting tricks.
Some woodsmen say that it
never eats without first wash
ing its food. but this probably
is an exaggeration.
There are by no means as
many raccoons in the WASH
ington vicinity as opossums.
The latter come into the city,
as deep as Georgetown, and
many inhabit the Virginia and
Maryland suburban areas.
The opossun. as a pet, lacks
the cooperative spirit of the
raccoon, and does not seem to
have enough native shrewdness
for its own good.
Opossums often are seen run
over on the roads, seldom a
raccoon.
Neither animal offers any
danger to humans. The opos-
sum will come to bird feeding
stations, especially on cool
autumn nights, and will even
accept a slice of bread handed
out to 1t from window.
Out our way a large possum
came nightly to eat ground
meat placed on a porch for a
wandering cat.
When bread was also put
out, the possum ate the bread
first. then the meat, in that
order.
He knew, with natures
wisdom. that he needed good
carbohydrates to fend him from
the cold.
Both raccoon and opossum
are fine Americans. and should
be let alone as much as pos
sible, so that they will flourish
and find their country WORTH
while.
After all, they we're here be-
fore we we're.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-06
Speaks for Negroes

In response to Elgar Smiths
letter stating that the Negro is
biting the hand that fed him,
I review history. The Euro
peanS came into this country
in the 18th century, claiming
the land in spite of the native
Indians who were here first;
they bartered with these ma
tives, fought with them, pushed
and showed them until they
are finally corralled today onto
Sc million acres of land Tin
1919; in 1887, the Indians had
1877 million acres-World Al
manac, 1850. When the first
Negro slaves were brought
here against their will they
were sold like cattle-to till
the soil. to serve the whites in
every way. to suffer abuse and
gradual economic suffocation-
all to make this land what it
is today.
Therefore. I would ask Mr..
Smith: At whose expense have
you eaten? The "hand that
fed the Negro" contained only
q few leftover crumbs which
could keep him neither healthy
nor happy. And after 80 years
of waiting, the NAACP, the
educated Negroes, the Chris
tan whites and blacks Of this
country are now billing you
for overdue Justice and con-
sideration" which you are too
selfish to pay. The meth
DDS of the integrationists can
not justifiably be questioned by
you who arrived" as described
above. Mr.. Smith spoke of
deep resentment against the
, Negro by Southern whites"
being caused by the integra-
ton campaign: but what about
the deep resentment against
the Southern whites by the
Negro caused by 80 years of
denial and depression? Preju-
dice exists in both races but the
Negro realizes he has to toler-
ate the whites to assure him
! self of the same opportunities
NOT just so-called equal OPP
portunlties. Only the "ignor-
ant" Negroes of the South
have ever trusted the white
man. And had they had knowl-
edge, nerve. and opportunity,
they would not have needed
your cast of rags or your table
scraps.
Joan HailStalk.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-06
City Nursing School

your DrleI out telling edi-
torial, Strange Coincidence"
was a splendid answer to the
insipid letter from the nursing
instructors at the Capital City
School Of Nursing.
In what seems to be an al
most historical effort to per-
Suade you to repudiate Mr..
Brooks excellent article, all
they have succeeded in doing
is to convince us they are
running a school similar to a
young ladies' seminary in Vic
torian London 80 years ago,
instead Of a school where stu
dents are skillfully trained for
the rigorous duties of caring
for the critically i'll and
manned.
No one is asking the school
to forgo any of its standards,
but rather to raise those stand
ards. If the instructors and
students social graces, good
manners and religious respon-
sibilities" have been correctly
developed, there would GER
tainly not be the strange lack
Of colored students in the
school, nor would a sprinkling
of colored students be made to
feel uncomfortable
Thanks to The Star.
M. L. Newton.
Il \ X
In the article by Charles
Brooks on the Capital City
School Of Nursing, two impor-
tant points need emphasis.
First, training of student
nurses should be patterned
after the usual methods used
in other good nursing schools,
namely, plenty of experience
with sick patients in the
wards. AS their experience pro-
crosses, these students can as
sumo some responsibility for
care Of the patient. Emphasis
on nursing administration
should be left to postgrad-
uate courses in nursing. where
it properly belongs.
Second, an attempt to OBJ
tain the full quota of student
nurses each year should be
made. This requires proper
screening carried out by in
dividuals who take into ac-
count high scholastic achieve
ment and a suitable tempera-
ment for nursing.
A real effort along these
lines will decrease the very
high instructor to-s tudent
ratio by filing the quota. No
considerations other than
scholastic standing, tempera-
ment and aptitude are in or
der. Finally and not least i'm
portant, 1t will help maintain
a high standard Of nursing
care at District General Hos
pital and give the taxpayers a
fairer return on this tax
supported nursing school.
Former Intern, ID. C. G. H.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-06
YISTAS IN SCIENCE
Some FINDINGS on Royoqes Of Radiation
BY THOMAS r. HENRY

Worship Of the earth
mother" - Astarte. Aphrodite,
Venus. the snake goddess, Olo-
kukurtilisop, as she was known
among various peoples-is
common to the religion Of an
Gent Babylon and the present.
day San Bias Indians Of Pam
anna.
In the San Bias Legendary
there are many elements in
common with the Babylonian
epic of Gilgamish.
This has been reported to
the association by DR.. Clyde
Keller of the University of
Georgia.
Possibly First Religion
Because traces Of it are
found so widely. he said, this
earth mother cult may well
have been mans first religion.
This religion spread through
out the Near East as early as
$500 BIC. to Assyria, Phoenic-
ia, India, Crete, Greece, Rome
and peoples of northern Eu-
rope. he said. Traces of it can
be found today among Siber-
ian tribes, ESkimos, Africans
and Indians of both Americas.
THE Babylonian description
of the Garden of Ishtar.
(Eden)." he said, sis identical
with the symbol of the tree of
life and water of life obtained
by Gilgamish on the third
layer of heaven and repre-
sented on many ancient seals
Of the Near East. The San
Bias Indians make q similar
picture today. The symbols
from an ancient altar from
Biblical Sheba are identical
with ones used today by San
Bias medicine men. The Bab-
ylonian monster guarding the
tree of life may be represented
by the San Bias monster
AchuSimmutupalit."
Il 4
Are cats dumber than rats?
Much SO, in some ways, DR..
J. M. Warren of the Univer-
sity OF Oregon reported.
There are. he said, two kinds
OF learning ability. First is
that Of plain memorizing. This
is about equally developed in
all mammals. On maze learn
ing tests, for example, labora-
tory rats sometimes show up
better than college sopho-
moreS.
Above this are the kinds of
learning associated with higher
intelligence - the solving of
problems. Ordinarily it has
been assumed that rats are in
ferior to dogs and cats, Just as
the latter are inferior to men
and monkeys. The Oregon
university experiments throw
grave doubt on this. In some
tests involving discrimination,
cats proved markedly inferior
to rats. On the other hand, in
delayed responses, the ability
to store memories instead of
acting on stimuli Immediately,
which has been described as
the highest criterion of intelli-
gence, cats sometimes proved
superior not only to rats, but
to monkeys.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-06
Defends Educators

Educators are being criti-
cized in some quarters for fore
ing every child to attend high
school. That is unjust. The.
law Of the Nation. not the
schools, is responsible.
The truth is that educators,
instead of squandering public
money, are pulling in their
budget belts even more
They've always had to live on
meager rations) to spread
funds farther for research and
implementation Of the mod
ern educational theory that
every child is educable-that
1t is only a matter Of degree
Of educability. Needs and apti-
tudes OF both slow and fast
learners are thus constantly
reappraised to do a better job
of educating. The situation
is not at all the mad mixup Of
students as pictured by alarm
lists. AS far as manpower and
facilities will allow, remedial
and atypical classes are cree
ated for the slow; special
classes in more advanced work
for the fast; educational and
vocational guidance is being
given to both. The conscien-
tious. dedicated administrator
even saves monetary scraps. as
1t were. to do what he can for
the emotionally and economi-
cally insecure.
Indeed, by opening their
doors to all children, the high
schools have provided social
insurance against large masses
Of future citizens losing their
way in a highly competitive
society because Of unprepared-
ness to meet the social and
economic challenges facing
them. How many have been
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-06
Student Fares

While disposition has yet
to be made of Washington's
transportation system, it
would seem timely for the city
fathers and mothers of school,
age children, the Board of
Education and other interested
persons to consider needed
revision of policy governing
public transportation for
Washington pupils to and
from schools.
Up until this past school
year children could purchase
at one time a maximum of 40
tickets upon presentation of
one permit issued by their
teachers. Allowing for a mini
mum Of two rides per day, the
40 tickets took care of their
transportation needs for ap-
proximately four weeks at the
cost of $1.20.
Permits during this past
year have allowed a maximum
of only 20 tickets at one time
to cover the barest minimum
use of bus or trolley for a two
week period only, at the un-
reasonably hiked rate Of $50.
The drastic increase from
three cents q ride to seven and
one-half cents has worked Q
hardship on many a family
budget, has caused some chill
dren to resort to the dangerous
! use of bicycles to get to and
from school, and has tempted
boys and girls to hitch rides.
A so per cent cut in the
number of tickets obtainable
at any one time has unneces-
sarily doubled the work of
teachers issuing permits. of
parents who must go to spe-
ciflc stations to purchase tick
cts. and of the vendors who
are charged with distributing
tickets. Frequently these
strips of tickets last for much
less time than two weeks: tick
cts occasionally are lost: chill
dren return home for lunch,
regularly or at irregular inter-
walls; an item is forgotten
either at school or at home,
and two more tickets are
needed to retrieve it. These
factors all add to the dilemma
of keeping enough of the pre-
cious tickets on hand for John
and Mary to get to school
again.
It would seem that any re-
vision of policy concerning
transportation Of pupils to and
from schools should consider
at least these three changes:
Reduction in cost Of tickets
to a reasonable fare.
Permits which would allow
the purchase of at least 40
tickets at one time, with a
minimum choice of 20 tickets.
Issuance of permits in re-
lation to individual needs, with
allowance made for emergen-
cies.
A more equitable policy
needs to be formulated. Three
short months of and the new
school term begins.
Louise Ramirez.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-06

The officially pronounced
safe maximum Of exposure Of
humans to atomic radiation
three-tenths Of a roentgen a
week-over a period of 20
years with a total Of more
than 300 roentgens will Short
en- life on the average by some
what more than 2.5 per cent.
The roentgen is the commonly
used unit of radiation. Six
hundred in one dose kills any
body.
This conclusion, based on
animal experiments, has been
reported to the American AS
ISOLATION for the Advancement
Of Science by DR.. Henry A.
Blair, director of the Univer-
sity Of Rochester's atomic
energy project.
This shortening of the life
span," he said, would be very
difficult to detect and is prob
ably not highly significant in
view of other hazards to life.
On the other hand. those who
just survive radiation injury
from accidents or bomb explo-
sionS would lose some Is per
cent of their normal life span"
The conclusion is based on
the fact that-in lower animals
and probably more so in hui
mans-radiation injury, how
ever small, never is completely
reversed but always leaves a
residue of damage which de-
Ponds on the extent of the in
jury and keeps piling up with
each subsequent exposure.
Leads to Early Aging
Apart from its immediate
effects" DR.. Blair said, "radi-
alton produces some irrevers-
ible injury. One of the ways in
which this becomes apparent
is in premature aging, or
shortening of life span. This
occurs in all species of ami
mails.
Injury from a brief dose is
half repaired in from a few
days to three weeks, depend
ing on the species. Half the
remainder is repaired in the
ensuing equal period, and so
on. With X-rays, or gamma
rays in single doses of 100
roentgens about five per cent
of the injury, equivalent to
that done by five roentgens,
remains permanently. Because
the lethal dose in most young
mammals is approximately
600 roentgehs this means that
the residual injury (of the
single dose of 100 roentgens)
would shorten life by just less
than one per cent. With re-
peated doses Of 100 roentgens
or less, given at such intervals
that repair prevents the injury
from becoming lethal, the same
relation obtains. Conse-
quently 1000 roentgens in d.
vided doses produces life
shortening Of somewhat less
than ten per cent. Residual
injury with larger single doses
is proportionately much great
er. Five hundred roentgens in
a single dose shortens life by
more than 20 per cent, rather
than by less than five when
received in divided form"