davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16
Coils Sentence Too Severe:
Coils Senfenee Too SoVeF0
Business Man To Fight
Sentence To Work House
Imposed By Judge Bergin

The sentencing OF O'DelI Living
ston, 3s0T Fifth Az. s., young
Minneapolis business man to 80
days in the workho,ise by Judge
Thomas Bergin Tuesday in con-
nection with a traffic case has
raised considerable criticism In the
community.
Mr. Livingston, young World
War II veteran and operator Of a
number OF enterprises was in
volved In a minor traffic mishap
March II. around $40 p. m, when
his car. following another auto
closely bumped into the forward
car at a stop intersection.
During a discussion with Will
liam ID. Farris. s3i7 NicolIet, the
driver Of the other car. Living
ston claims Farris grabbed him
and spun him around az he turned
10 enter hts car Livingston then.
in his own defense, he claimed,
struck the other motoriHt.
Livingston appeared In court
Tuesday without counsel and he
claims, that In view Of the cir.
cumstances he feels Judge Bergin
was too severe. He pleaded not
guilty.
Despite the fact that he had
never been arrested in his life and
has no record Of major traffic
violations. he Raid he was given
s25 fine for following another
vehicle too closely. his drivers
license was suspended for 1870
days. and on top 81 that, man
datory 30 days in the workhouSe
for disorderly conduct
Judge Bergin told this news
paper he thought the sentence he
imposed on Livingston was Just
He said testimony that Farria.
who took hold Of the business
mans arm was 100 pounds lighter
In weight than Livingston, and
tina, his action did not Justify the
assault which resulted in the loas
Of a tooth and probable permanent
scar on Farris' face.
Bergin said testimony given In
the case Indicated that Living
E,on was asked by Farris 20 re-
main on the scene until the police
arrived This Bergin aaid Living
ston failed 20 do after striking
FArris, but drove off
The blow which Livingston
struck the first man glanced of
hiS face and hi another man
who was in the car with Farris
Judge Bergin said testimony re.
I vcaled
Livingston said testimony In
the court by Farrts was not truth.
fui. He said the claim he had beer
closely pursuing the Fsrris cal
1 for three blocks was false III
Rsid he would b. willing 10 under
20 a police lie detec'or test 10 de,
tsrrnine the truth.
Livingston plans 10 appeal tn
courts sentence as too harsh foI
the alleged offense
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16

The Minneapolis Branch OF IN"
RAACp Will meet on Sunday
March ~. at 4 p. M, at ~ Paul"
Church Of God In Christ, 1901
Fourth Az. y.
philip Geib II the University OF
Minnesota radio station kuoh
will speak on the subject, Mont
gomery, Alabama on Trial MT
gslb has been Interested In The
Montgomery situation and has
carried several programs on the
subject. lie has been In touch win
the ministers In Montgomery. ana
has raised funds to help the peopi"
who have bssn indicted,
Mr.. Geib IL also moderator OF
the WrOL Round Table. ON which
HAACP Officers have made APP
pearances.
Members Of the Minneapolis
Branch are urged 10 attend and
bring u neiRhbor along With them.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16

Mira Jackson said she went into
the bedroom and removed her
high heel shoes for her house
shoes
She said In her statement Polk
continued 10 argue and that when
no told her he would beat her
brains out" ahe picked up the re-
yolver which lay ON the htghboy
In the bedroom. A he approached
her she naid SHE pulled tho trig-
ger
Folks head was plercod by
one bullet and he was dead by
the time police arrived.
After firing the shot, Mrs. jack
son screamed and her criea were
answered by Mr., Brantiey who
1.-Two. upstairs. She told Brantlcy
ahe had KILLED Ira"
She said she did not mean To
shoot Polk, but that she was ~
excited by hla statement that he
was going TO beat her that abe did
not realize what she was doing
sshe taid police she lust
wantsd things To quiet down"
Mrs jackson could no, toll po-
lie. when nhe was broked and held
without charge just what the mr."
Kiment was about. She said she
dlmiy remembers being at some
body's house early IN the eve
ming and that Mr.. Polk did not
want 10 20 home when she was
ready 10 go
The fatal weapon had been a.
round the HOUSE for year and a
half, Mrs. jackson told police. shs
said she had fired II accidentally
before when Polk was teaching
her 10 load II.
Polk was well known In Min"
neapoiiH and had lived here for
u years. lie operated the DlA-
mana shyr shaniaas pasissR al Up
Hennrpin Ave, Ne owned two
houses including the one In which
no was killed and small farm
A native uf Waco, Texas, he "
survived by three brothers and n
sister. One brother, sh"rmont
France Polk and his wife. Mrs
Polk. accompanied the remains To
Waco, Texas, where the dead man
viii be buried In the family plot
other brothers Louis and Berry
Polk live In Waco aH does n sis
ter. Mrs. Beatrice ualnoA'
The Woodland Funeral Home
had charge ~ arrangements Tor
shipping the remains to Texas
Mrs Jackson IL being held Win"
ou, charge while Detectives max"
an investigation, She had never
been IN police custody before.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16

Minneapolis attorney Joseph
Robbie this week announced his
candidacy for the DF'L nomination
for Congressman, 9th District,
Il have decided In run, Robbie
said. because ! believe that the
attitude Of the incumbent Walter
Judd creates the danger OF AN at
umic war" In fact" Robbie said.
had Judd's policy been followed
under either the Democrats or the
Republicans, America might al.
ready have been devastated by nu.
clear attack. lie has not support
ed the foreign policy of either
Truman Of Eisenhower.
THE 9th District thinking han
not been represented by Judd, +"
continued Robbie, nor has the
hskats OF Minnesota or ,Ipper-mid'
west thinking. Judd has not con
suited the local businessman oi
the small manufacturer. lie has
done nothing for the professional
or white collar worker lie has moi
been the spokesman for our work
ing people or the consuming pub
lie His mind has been elsewhere. .
Robbie IL no stranger To politics
and government lie was n mem
Der OF the Il u, House Of Repre-
sentativer and Minority Lender Of
that States Legislature from isSp
TO 1851 A. Democratic candidate
for Governor Of South Dakota, he
drew a proporiionatoly larger
share Of votes than any other
Democratic governor candidate In
the upper midwest. lie was Re
gional OPS Director for Mime
sofa, North and South Dakota and
Montana. 1852 90, and In the pre-
sent executive director Of the Min
nssota Truman Liberty Commit
tee.
Robbie has praGticsd law since
leaving the Navy In 1916, lie holds
the Bronze Star for bravery In
combat. having served IN o inva'
aiona Robbie married Elizabeth
Lyle In 1912 They have eight
children. lie belongs 10 Annuncia'
| ton Parish, American Legion
/ WV, knights ~ Columbus
Speakers Bureau ~ Community
( Chest. other civic organizations
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16

bearer OF the Democrats and
Senator Estes Kefauver whose
supporters call him the peoples
candidate"
The Republican slate certain to
be named favors Eisenhower.
The Democratic contest has had
many dramatic moments. Steven
son was endorsed by the Demo-
cratic state central committee in
Duluth in which II is claimed
only 70 OF the 200 members parti-
cipated.
Later, after much pleading by
DEL members who did not like
the tactics of the Humphrey
Freeman controlled group at
Duluth, persuaded Senator Ke-
fauver to enter the race which he
finally did in February
Adlai Stevenson came TO Min
nesota Jan. II to file and met an
enthusiastic reception. However,
at press conference held on the
same day "A reporter for the
Spokesman and Recorder papers
asked his views on the NAACP
backed Powell amendment which
would bar Federal school aid 10
states and districts that have not
proceeded to desegregate schools
as ordered by the u. s. Supreme
Court.
Mr.. Stevenson said he was IRE
vocably opposed TO the Powell a.
mendment This surprised many
Of the liberals in DFL circles who
expected his support OF some such
program to get the South in line
with the Constitution on the
school issue.
Mr.. Stevenson later amplified
his position in a letter to the
editor Of this paper. His position
was that any such amendment
would threaten the passage Of tn,
school aid bill and that II was
more important TO get such q
measure passed in the interest OF
all the school children Of the ma
ton.
In bis judgement, Mr.. Steven
son said the Supreme Court de.
cision took care Of the problem
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16

of segregation In the public
schools.
Shortly afterwards in California
where both Stevenson and Ke-
fauver were campaigning several
prominent Negro leaders in that
state who had previously been for
Stevenson announced they had
joined the Kefauver camp after
they had talked to both candi-
dates.
Negro support for Kefauver
spread like wiidfire from coast
10 coast as Stevenson campaign
managers worked to stem the tide,
Mr., Stevenson made speech in
Los Angeles In which he advocat-
ed gradualism and all the devil
broke loose.
In Oregon he suggested that the
race issue and segregation be kept
out Of the national campaign.
Almost everything Mr. Steven.
son said seemed 20 make matters
worse because Negro leaders
claimed he was trying 10 WOO
southern Democrats by palliating
the present bad situation in that
section
Finally by the time Mr. Steven.
son got back to the East Coast,
at Hartford. Conn. he called on
the nation to support the Supreme
Court decision and made a sug.
gestion already made by Kefau'
yer that Negro and white liberals
in the South get together and
talk out their problems
Kefauver meanwhile I'm q 4
hay" wherever he went In thu
South he has been IN object OF q
vigorous attack because many
southerners think he has deserted
their side" Kefauver simply say
as President Of the United States
he will see that the Constitution
Ii enforced.
Earlier in the year before h
had entered the Minnesota pri
maries. Kefauver had gone int
the state Of Virginia and urge
the people of that state TO oppos'
CONTINUED on page -
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16
Lloyd Smith
Joins cussius
Reulsy Firm

Lloyd Smith has recently be-
come associated with the VIM,
Casalua Realty Co. In the capa-
city Of salesman. Mr.. Smith In n
former resident Of Illinois, hav-
ing lived In Minnesota over dec
AIDE. He In a former University Of
Minnesota student having major.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16

Poor" Southern Whites
Join "AristoCraCy" In
Fighting Negro Rights
Frem March 0. CHRIsTIAN SCIENCE MONTTORI

Birmingham, AlaMomentarily, least racial tension
has seemed TO abae somewhat There be immediate
crises in Alabama.
But every had be heard the effect that
trouble Is University Of Alabama authorities
ported be far from Negroes enter
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16

" 'S
Pete" had visited 1ohnson'H Tav.
crn, beer parlor At 1o7 Wash.
ington Az n.
She said Polk and she drove
Honey home a few minutes be-
fore I a, IN, Later. enro,ite home
they became embro,led In q
name calling argument" and
Polk stopped the car on asth ~
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16

tui OF violence.
In Montgomery. the state cap
itol. city officials continue ada
mant on the bus-segregation is
sue, White citizen councils CON
unue active, despite hint OF
division over barring Jewish
members, an issue between the
two major blocs Of Alabama coun-
Gil groupa
In this hiatus, some persons
are reconsidering what il today
the mental state in the Deep
South. II il first important 10
note that the area Of the arch
conservative South has been
definitely fixed at five states
South Carolina, Georgia, Ala
hama, hississippi and louisiana
Two Glasses Find Common
Ground
II is obvious that the old
southern "aristocrscy' or It's
heirS plus lstter-day "nouveau
richie" have found common
ground once more with the Ia.
boring class. as they both op-
pose Negro encroachment. The
upper classes fatty deny the
principle of equality The lower
economic groups may fear job
rivalry, but u Is more likely nigh,
now that they share an Illusion
that they are interchangeable
with the upper classes AZ descend.
ants Of the best OF the Old
SOUTH
That kind Of alliance is not new
In Dixie But during the Roo@e
welt era poverty reduced atten.
ton 10 race matters TO such 4
paint that an appearance Of NOR,
tolerance became evident That Il
vas q superficial tolerance a
bes, now seems apparent. tnsofai
a. The race issue 10 concerned.
During that period such men a,
Ralph v. NcGin, editor u the Al
lAntA Constitution Holding Car
ter ~ the Delta Dsmocrat-Tins'
In Mississippi and jonathan W
Daniels % the RAieiEh News an
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16

been living with Polk as hia wife
since July, 1898,
In a statement To- Minneapolis
police the woman detailed tho
events which led up 10 the fatal
shooting
She said Polk. herself, Myra
Harris, niece, and woman
named Honey" and a man named
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16

HospltaIlssd' Mrs. ES''lla Rob
srts. Gss Collins Az. IL q patient
~ Amber hospital where ah' has
undsrRons eye surgery and Is re-
porfsf improved
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16
poiifiecI Pot Soils:
PoIsieoI Pot Soils:
Estes and AdIai Draw
Political Spotlight To
States March 20 Voting

Nationwide attention of political dopesers concentrated
Minnesota today for in just few days. Tuesday March 90
to be exact the Minnesota Presidential primaries will be held
TO select delegates for the two national conventions.
The contest receiving most national attention is the
between organzaon backed Ada Stevenson 1852 standard
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16
Aainasopons Mon killed,
Bullet Through Head
Is Fatal To Ira Polk;
Woman Held By Police

The report of - calihre Smith and Wesson pistol which
shook the quiet Of South Minneapolis residential district early
Monday morning March H. the death toll OF Minneapolis
shoe shining parlor
The dead man Ira Polk ~ 2sl7 Stevens Az, who was
fatally shot Anna Jackson 40 who told police she had
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16

New R~sIdentA' EATi Bell 81 ~
Paul and Mrs Psarls Brown III
Minneapolis are nnw reading a.
the CrisptR Attucks Home
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16

Of handful . n
FbSuai0 In
led
rnus handful
smugM
Ala, konElS miles hmth
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16

ft"" by s"ths ~ Fs"""E
between Fourth Az. n and Gin
ton. Bhe said they continued the
argument until n few minutes 10
2 and then proceeded home,
Upon arrival abr said SHE
went into the Kitchen Ia cook
some food because shs had mo-
thing la eat since early hs
morning before.
Mrs, jackson said Polk said he
didn't want anything 10 eat. She
said he went To the basement To
turn off tho gas, When he passed
through the Kitchen ahs said he
slapped her, and she threw the
skillet IN which she had been
cooking nj him.
After this episode, she said he
wen, upstairs In the duplex which
he owned 10 talk To Edward
nraniley. When he came back
downstairs she said, when he APP
preached her threatsningiy again
she secured two knives from the
cupboard and he left the kitchen,
returning 10 the living room.
The argument continued and
outfit. has resigned because Of dis
aension within the organization,
Mobile. Alabama residents
have decided 10 form an intcrra
c,at commission 10 hear problems
like which are piaguing hontgon'
cry, Ala, and other southern
towns.
Wei saidi Roy wilkins said
las, week In Washington; III
Congress can Iegislate Tor gas and
oil and wheat. and cotton and
steel and Astomobilea. u can lsgis,
late for the elementary human
nights Of American"
Whoever undetermined the re-
cen, civil Rights Assembly pulls
toner by not inviting Senate
Hubert H. Humphrey 10 address
the assembly. In the Senate.
any civil rights legislation II 70
ing 20 b. enacted. Humphrey !
gong to have 10 bear the brunt o
the attack.
NAAcP national leaders woul
DO well 10 remember that Hum
phrsys position on civil right
may well have cancelled out IN
chances 81 one 81 the most capabl
men 10 be President and Bale
dosa mean Hubert Humphrey,
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16
Handful Shows A Closeup o. Dear Old Dixie

COPY COPY cory
A PREvEw or THE DECLARATION OF SEGREGATION
in o abolish
evident that all whites created equal with
liberty and the pursuit Of dead
Of degraded
Of conduct
of potrudng
African flesh viii
wakeup the White House
LET'S GET ON TIE BALL WHITE CITIZENS
earaton of April 1866
this + the book
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16
CORRECTION

AttentI0n Queen % Hearts fans
NIebstLs DayfsSa 10 10 DO the Mn
DeAVolis BlrthdAy Cub Qu~rn
Candidate INSTEAD 81 AnpettS Hat
ton CRSbansssD --ISaSer-, IBr. -
Adyt
Limited Ten Cisb pr-~~nts Gan
tSvtAna In Conesrt Friday NAY
Zs. $50 D m--I~ntrai High
GehosI .-AdNI
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16

Observer appeared popular lead
ers Of new southern opinion. They
are today distinctly minority
voices.
Union Attitude shifts Too
As organized labor grew under
the Roosevelt regime, national
union policies espowsed equality
Of the Negro. and rank and file
in the South did not appear to
challenge this. Today. some mem
bers have threatened To walk out
Of the United steelworkers Of
America In Birmingham, and the
Communication Workers Of
America in Montgomery, because
those groups are said 10 have con-
tributed union funds 10 the Ma
tionai Association for the Ad-
vancement 81 Coiored People
Inconsis;encies are readily ap-
parent Wage earnsrs flock 10
citizens council meetings which
are directed behind the scenes by
Alabanisns who are vigorously
anti-union on general grounds.
Prosegregztion sentiment In hot In
industrial Birmingham az II IN In
rural Alabana's black belt. White
southerners ignore the success Of
military deaegregation. This N
different. they say
Though lynching has all but dis
appeared in the South, II IL no evf-
dencs Of any change In the view
that the Negro must not Be al.
/ lowed equality in social areas. OF
in education The Ru Klux Khan
reAppeared In Alabama in the late
fortIes But though all public lead.
ers worked swiftly 70 pass an an.
timAsking state iaw, and defeat.
81 the Khan, this action only
marked a different approach,
Dominant Thinking
Southern leaders had come "a
conclude that nnuyioient reass-
tsncs against the Negro was ths
sole hope % saving the South
Though In th4 effort references
Continued on page a.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16

There were 2,800 delegates from
81 organizations representing "a
million persons at the civil Rights
Assembly In Washington, March
I. q, and q The Presidents
Committee on Governmental En-
ployment policy is conducting a
survey Ia ind out how many Ne
groes are In w. u. employ In six
specific areas,
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16

Jamaica in the West Indies has
been called the seat ~ the inter
national dope traffic The ex-
scutiys board 81 the Annexation
n Catholic Trade Uni0niEtS went
IN record last week fayoring n
hDid.up u FEDERAL funds " segre.
gated schools Blshop ID
ward Nichols Ia among the nine
q. - Protestant ministers now
touring Russia Harry Pyle,
national charm an 81 the Pro
sDuthsrnsrs. white supremacy
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-16

Declaration of Segregation will appear April 1866
II this appeals TO you be TO read the book
Montana farmer-stockman., 1956-03-15

pigs per litter. Only the best of the
pig crop is raised for breeding. Last
year only 10 out of so boars were reg
istered. The rest were castrated and
fed for slaughter.
Production Suggestions
To growers thinking of adding hog
production to their farming enterprise
Flower offers these suggestions:
l. Start slow with just a few sows.
Find out first if you like working with
hogs. If you plan to stay with it. get
In all the way. Don't be an in-and-
outer. You might find yourself in when
the market is down and out when the
price is up.
2. After making the decision to be-
come hog producer, start with a
minimum of 10 sows. When you've
gained the necessary experience. grad
ually increase the size of your herd.
ADJUST production to market conditions
3. When buying brood stock or select
ing gifts for requirements. select
lengthy animals of moderate width
with trim jowl and small head The
top should be smooth and evenly round
ca with no breakover on the sides. The
Montana farmer-stockman., 1956-03-15

lower ham on good meat hog is small.
4. Proper feeding is important in
producing desirable carcasses. Start
pigs fast on high quality feed until
they reach about rs pounds. Finish fast
or slow, depending on market condi-
tionS.
5. When buying animals know the
health of the herd they came from.
1t might be well to quarantine them for
a couple of weeks before turning them
in with your herd.
6. To minimize the danger of disease,
pasture should be rotated and hog
houses moved to clean ground every
couple of years.
q If you don't like hog raising, don't
get into it. It's not part-time job.
And final word of advice: Charles
Miller says that about rs per cent of
the filters farrOwed at Miles City ar
rive at night. So when planning your
new hog house, it might be well to
provide space for bed and facilities
for making coffee so you can take up
residence in the narrowing house when
the pig crop arrives.