davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
Grounds for Optimism

Are we capable of this new meas
ure of maturity? Reviewing, as l
have had TO do in the past is
months the history of our Nation
in this century. 1 feel there are
solid grounds for optimism.
In both political parties there are
men who are not complacent and
are struggling to find and to ar
ticulate the policies that would
deal with the challenge facing the
United States.
In the past 20 years the Nations
scientistS-in both the physical and
social scienceS-have moved to-
ward intellectual maturity and are
making contributions at the con-
ceptual frontiers of science on a
scale new in American history.
Moreover, in our domestic life
We have moved into a phase of ma
turity and of consensus different
from anything we have yet known.
at least since the end of the Civil
War: Both our political parties are
committed to similar. If not iden-
teal, ways of reconciling political
and economic freedom with the
general welfare. by means we have
thrashed out over the past 90 years.
Above all. believe there is still
in our society a we'll of spiritual
energy to be evoked, a will to con-
tinue the unique American tradi-
ton that We are a society with a
mission which transcends our bor-
ders. a will to resist the role Of the
progressively isolated observer OF
the world scene which Moscow and
Peiping have marked out for US in
this tactical stage Of their plans.
We have the domestic base, the
energy. resources and idealism to
cope with the challenge facing the
United States; We have the foun-
dations for the new maturity our
situation demands. but We must
move fast, for the devil is at Our
heels.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
VIRGINIA
Legislators Have Doubts
Of School Plans Worth

going to knock us down, but the
people in my district have to be
shown that what they want us to
do won't work They are not
ready yet for workable plan but
have to learn the hard way"
A surprising number of law
makers who supported the Cover
nor's fund-withholding plan talked
like that quite openly. A number
of them told this writer they knew
the plan could not withstand a
court test. One said, at breakfast
one morning. he believed the whole
idea Of withholding funds is
morally wrong"
They Expect EorIy Return
Many of the legislators expect to
be back in Richmond long before
the next regular session of the Gen.
eral Assembly in January, 1858,
Some feel that they will return
shortly after Christmas,
This is why:
Federal Judge John Paul ordered
an end to racial segregation in
Charlottesville schools when the
semester commenced earlier this
month. He suspended application
Of his order when an appeal was
taken to the Fourth Circuit Court.
The higher court is scheduled to
convene in January. 1857.
II the higher tribunal upholds
Judge Paul. everyone expects the
State to fight for further delay
by trying to take the case on TO
the Supreme Court.
Lawyers in the General Assembly.
including few who voted for the
Governors program, believe that
the Supreme Court will not take
to long in turning down the appeal
on the grounds that the basic issue
Of public school segregation has
already been ruled on.
II they're not back here next
winter, most Of the State legislators
agree. they'll almost certainly be
called back by spring 70 enact
more workable plan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
An Opposite Reason

There is a second reason why
limited war is particularly search.
Ing problem for the United States.
and. in a curious way. it is the
exact opposite of the first reason.
The first reason is that we find il
awkward to admit we have power
interests at time of peace: the
second reason is that we find it
awkward to admit We have politi-
cal interests in time of war.
When we 60 to war we go in the
spirit OF specialized sport or a
mechanical exercise in production.
Since we lack clear sense of our
interests outside the United States.
we tend TO treat war as a quite diff
ferent exercise than the conduct of
politics or diplomacy during peace.
We tend to be somewhat techno-
cratic and gadgeteering when we
plan or conduct military operations.
Now limited wars are fought not
only on the terrain of other people,
but also in association with them.
More than that. given Communist
techniques. such conflicts are likely
to have a powerful element Of civil
war built into them that is. we
Will be dealing with situations
where the peoples most directly in
volyed will be in conflict not only in
a military sense but in a political
sense as we'll Strategically the
United States IS not likely TO be
effective in such engagements IN
less we. as a nation, are positively
aligned with the hopes and aspira-
tons OF the majority Of the local
people
And tactically as well. limited
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
MARYLAND
BY GENE GOODWIN

The Butlef-Mahoney senatorial
race could well be decided right
here in the Washington suburbs of
Montgomery and Prince Georges
Counties.
That's why Democrat George p.
Mahoney already has made more
appearances in the two counties
in this still young campaign than
he did in any Of his previous out
ings since 1852. He even has hired
a special public relations and
liaison man to look out for his in
terests in Montgomery and Prince
Georges.
Senator Butler also is aware of
the Importance of the Montgomery
Prince Georges vote this year and
plans to spend practically all this
week proving it.
The reason for this rather I'M
usual wooing OF the Washington
suburban voter-who as a type is
often viewed by the professional
politician as the most unreliable,
unpredictable and ungrateful voter
in the Free State--lies first in the
weight Of numbers.
1t is to be remembered that the
unit acknowledgements little cleo
toral college which tends to mini
mize the voting strength of the
more populous areas and exaggerate
the weight Of the rural counties
will have no bearing on this gen.
eral election. 1t applies only to
Statewide primary elections.
Big Chunk of Votes
The only stable cluster Of voters
in Maryland outside of Baltimore
City and its vast suburbs is in the
Washington suburbs. If this cleo
ton runs true to form, statistically,
about Is to 20 per cent of the total
vote cast should come from Mont
gomery and Prince Georges.
In fact the voter from the less
populous or rural counties of Mary
land has very little voice in State
wide general elections. Better than
70 per cent of the vote usually is
cast in Baltimore City and the
four counties Of Baltimore, Anne
Arundel, Montgomery and Prince
Georges.
In 1852 Mr.. Mahoney came out
of additionally Democrats Balti-
more City with $4,000 more votes
than Republican Senator j. Glenn
Beall.
That healthy lead was obliterated,
however, by returns from suhurbia.
Baltimore and Anne Arundel Coun-
ties went Republican by about d.
900 votes and Montgomery and
Prince Georges gave Mr.. Bean a
combined margin Of close to 10000
votes.
Senator Beall's margin Of victory
across the State that year was only
about $4,000, so you can see who
elected him
1t is very likely that at least
part of that 1852 pattern will be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23

ton. meanwhile, has dropped as
more cottages have been stated at
the Children's Center.
District Training SchOOl-First Of
the buildings at the Children's Cen
ter but never completed. with a
waiting list of about 200 mental
detectives. A 200-bed infirmary for
low-grade idiots is now under con-
struction. Funds have been APP
proved but construction has not yet
started for two nursery cottages,
two junior units and a detention
unit for mentally defective delin-
quents. bringing the institutions
capacity from 700 to LOO and MAX
ing possible separation of old and
young, idiots and moronS, the help
less and the delinQuents.
Also under construction are
enough quarters to house the stats,
a vital but previously neglected
matter.
Now They Are Helped
New buildings are not the whole
of the miracle. OF the 500 chill
dren released from Maple Glen and
Cedar Knoll since they opened, only
"a have had to be returned. The
two institutions are still getting the
products of the revolving door"
policy at the old Industrial Home
Schools-children who have gotten
into trouble since they left Blue
Plains or Wisconsin avenue-5ut
since the move to the Children's
Center, the students" as they are
called, remain until they are ready
to go back to the community. .
With staff and space, there can
be program. Within "a hours
after each child is admitted, the
child is evaluated to flag the ones
needing immediate pSychiatric,
psychological or casework atten-
ton. In that way, the still limited
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23

for White Children-but It wasn't
under construction yet. The Com
missioners even had refused $685.
600 in planning money for the next
institution.
Between that time and July
Of this year, the Commissioners
had approved and Congress had
appropriated $e,017,l73 for build
ings alone and another $500. 900 for
equipment. The staff OF the insti-
tutions grew from 46l to 500 en-
ployes and the Welfare Depart
ment's request to up this figure to
$50 next year has cleared the Dis
trict's budget office.
How Did II Happen?
This. then. is the miracle. How
did 1t come to pass?
1t began with United Community
Services and other civic-minded
groups getting behind The Stars
campaign for that first $4,000. 1t
continued with the bankers and
others who planned the city's long
range public works program and
devised the means to finance it.
The late Archie Hutson, the Dis
trict's director Of construction, had
the vision to propose combining
two institutions in one. There were
sympathetic Commissioners and
members of Congress who took the
time to see for themselves the vast
difference between what was and
what should be. And there was
Welfare Director Gerard M. Shea.
who dreamed big and sold his
dreams.
Out of the patchwork of insti-
buttons, segregated by color but not
by age or behavior. has come these
new facilities:
Maple Glen SchoOl--formerly the
Industrial Home School for White
Children on Wisconsin avenue,
moved to the Children's Center at
Laurel, Md, on July %, 1954-now
houses the younger, first-offender
type of delinquent of both races
and sexes.
Cedar Knoll School - formerly
the Industrial Home School for
Colored Children at Blue Plains,
moved to the Children'S Center on
September IL, 1955-now houses
older, more experienced delinquents.
Junior Village-Formerly Indus
trial Home School Annex for neg
lected children on Loughboro road,
moved last week to completely rem
ovated and newly equipped cottages
at Blue Plains-houses homeless
children from infants to teen
ayers.
Receiving Home for Children
The only fairly new institution at
the time of The Stars survey but
never completed and so overcrowded
that by April of this year, it was
caring for 1913 children in facilities
designed for 43. An annex to the
building on Mount Olivet road NE,
doubling its capacity, providing
separate admission units, doubling
its outdoor play space, providing
for an auditorium gymnasium and
three classrooms, is due for COM
pletion in November. It's popula-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23

treatment staff can focus on those
needing help most and soonest.
There follows a three week
orientation period during which the
students" get to understand why
they are in the institutions, what is
expected of them during their stay
and how they can come to grips
with their individual problems.
Thus, they move from reception
cottages to orientation cottages to
the cottages where they will live
until officials of both the institution
and the Child Welfare Division
downtown agree that they have
gotten maximum benefits from the
institution and that their home is
ready to receive them.
Unlike the old days when they
were pushed out in three months
to make room for newcomers, they
may stay at the Children's Center
year or more. AS of this June, 81
per cent of the Cedar Knoll resi-
dents had been there over a year
annd 90 per cent more than six
months. At Maple Glen, the av-
erage stay is year and month.
Now there are schools for them,
gymnasiums and plenty of outdoor
play space. shops where both boys
and girls can learn skillS. There's
35-bed hospital. three clinics, full
time doctors, psychiatrists, pedia-
tricians and nurses.
With a central administration at
the Children's Center, there is uni
fed medical service. purchasing,
maintenance, transportation and
exterior guard service. Thus, the
operating money goes further.
The long-Standing crisis in the
Districts care of its child wards is
over.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
District Passes Miracle for It's Wards

Thus, II is children were COM
mitted by the court. IS had to be
released To the communicates be-
cause they should be released but
to make room. They lost no time
getting into fresh trouble. In one
nightmare year, half the 500 chill
dren admitted TO one institution had
been there before.
There was no psychiatric care for
these youngsters, no nurse on duty
around the clock in any place hous-
ing delinquents or dependent
youngsters, no full-time doctor.
half-hearted or no schooling, no or
ganized recreation to release what
could be destructive energy.
In several of the institutions
homeless dependents were mixed
with serious delinquents. Children
admitted in the middle Of the night
went right in with the others
although they might be carrying
measles or something worse with
them. Sophisticated young GRIM
inals preyed on eight-year-old first
offenders.
That was the situation on March
%. 1852. when The Star surveyed
the institutions and began its re-
port this way:
For hundred years or so, now,
the District has been just about
to get around to doing something
drastic about its problem OF in
stitutional child welfare"
At that time, Congress had APP
proved funds for one new institu-
tion-the Industrial Home School
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
DISTRICT.
BY HECTOR MCLEAN

When District Commissioner
David B. Karrick grabbed for the
opinion of Corporation Counsel
Chester H. Gray in the case of Mrs.
Minnie Mae Payne he was helping
sweep one of the most difficult of
human and governmental problems
under the municipal rug.
Concurring, his fellow commits
sioners were delighted to see it go
out of sight.
Mrs. Payne, 81, was the mother
of two who asked for thearight to
continue her conjugal relationship
with her husband even though he
was in jail-and is to remain there
for from q months to six years.
Even though her request-denied
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
BY MIRIAM GUTENBERG
This is the story Of a miracle.

Only four-and-a half years ago,
the child wards of the District
the homeless, the delinquent. the
mentally defective-were living in
buildings that were either over
crowded or understaffed or shabbily
equipped or plain unsafe-or all Of
those thing combined.
Today the last child has moved
out of the last firetrap. A Chill
dren's Center has come into being
with new buildings spread over
wooded acres and more buildings
under construction. Children no
longer sleep on the floor. Babies
are no longer housed in former
cells. The staff, too, has edged
upward.
Only four-and-a-half years ago,
a plan to accomplish all this had
been stopped dead. 1t was esti-
mated it would take eight years to
get all the children out of all the
firetraps-if the building program
got started again.
MakeshiftS were the order OF the
day. If one building became too
dangerous. the children were shifted
to another If that began to bulge,
enough tinkering was done to the
f1retrap to use it again. There were
riots and runaways.
Revolving Door Policy
Because of the constant pressure
to admit more children, some insti-
tutions became a revolving door.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23

protect the handsome real estate
which Is our national heritage;
and from that requirement there
follows a whole range Of balance
of power problems in EuraSia
which can only be dealt with by
the difference Of force or by force
itself.
In addition, however, two things
ale true. We can lose our power
positions in Eurasla without a shot
being fired if other societies decide
that their positive interests do not
converge with ours.
Consider the danger which con-
fronts our bases in Iceland, and
the inner questioning going on in
the minds of peoples in Germany,
Japan. and elsewhere, as to whether
or not their interests and objec-
tives and ours sufficiently overlap to
justify continued military alliance.
An American civil foreign policy
which persuasively convinces men
that our positive detectives sub
stantially overlap with theirs, is
essential to the strictly military
interest of the United States.
But there is even more to it than
that. We are an open society.
Our society would lose much of
its value and meaning if it were
forced back into a continental or
even hemisphere garrison, isolated
from Eurasia; and this would be
true even if we could effectively
defend ourselves.
For our society to flourish re-
quires that the bulk of the world
outside the United States be or
ganized on some version or other
OF the democratic principle that
the state is the servant of the in
dividual; for with modern means
OF communication, a garrison life
would force us to surrender many
OF our most cherished individual
freedoms. in the interests of brute
survival.
This does not require that we
seek to install abroad strictly
American economic, political and
social institutions. 1t does require
that we use our margin of influence
to help other societies develop
around their own versions Of the
proposition that the state is the
servant Of the individual.
Our job in Eurasia is to seek to
maintain not merely a military
balance Of power but an ideolog-
ical balance of power; and in turn
this requirement flows from a def
milton OF our national task as not
merely one Of protecting our island
real estate. off the threatening
SHORES Of Eurasia, but also one of
protecting form of society to
which we are attached.
The requirements of protecting
the military balance Of power and
developing the theological bal
ance Of power will not always
converge. Foreign policy, like life
itself, is full of painful choices.
But there are many more points
OF conveyance than we are now
exploiting; and l am confident
that if We honestly faced the dual
character Of our national interest,
as a democratic island of a pO-
tentially threatening Eurasian
mainland, we could fashion a
policy that would protect and
sustain the quality as well as the
existence Of our Nations life.
II ! am right. then. the challenge
facing the United States in Sep
TENDER. 1856. u not merely the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
MARYLAND
Suburbs Are Vital
In Race for Senate

repeated this fall in that Mr. Ma
honey probably will come out Of
the Baltimore area (city and sub
urbs combined) with a lead over
the Republican.
II he can add to that lead in
Montgomery and Prince Georges.
he probably will win the election.
If he can't, 1t is likely that Senator
Butler will go on to victory.
History Fovors Butler
The recent voting history Of
Montgomery and Prince Georges
tends to give consolation to Senator
Butler.
Despite the fact that Democrats
firmly control the county govern
ments of both counties, they have
been going Republican in the past
three general elections with the
exception of the "local boy" vote
Prince Georges gave to H. c. Byrt
when he ran for Governor two years
ago.
In 1854 Republican Gov. Nc
Keldin defeated Mr.. Byrd in Mont
gomery. 1880 to 28.237. The DEM
ocrat carried Prince Georges, 3l.3l5
to 23,002.
In 1852 President Eisenhower
swept both counties, outpolling
Adlai Stevenson 47,805 to q, 1881 in
Montgomery and $4,000 to 29,1l9
in Prince Georges. Senator Beall
didn't do as we'll. He got 44,293 to
Mr.. Mahoney's 28,765 in Montgom-
cry and Prince Georges gave him
33,l03 to 29,365 for Mr.. Mahoney.
In 1850, Senator Butler de-
feated former Senator Willard e.
Tydings 22,467 to 1921 in Mont
gomery and 20,599 to 1858 in
Prince Georges. That year also saw
both counties going for Gov. Nc
Keldin over former Gov. w. Preston
Lane, jr., 22,717 to 1900 in Mont
gomery and 20,595 to l6,432 in
Prince Georges.
Democrats Are Active
All, however, is not black for Mr..
Mahoney.
Democrats in both counties,
spurred by their success in recap
turing county governments two
years ago, seem to be more active
than the Republicans. There is evi-
dence also that the Democrats have
put aside their internal squabbles,
at least for this election.
New registrations in Prince
Georges County ran better than
two to one in favor of the Demo-
Gratis. New Montgomery registra.
tons were almost equally split, with
Democrats holding small but
treasured edge.
Since neither Senator Butler nor
Mr.. Mahoney have set many hearts
aflre in the Washington suburbs,
the thing that should be worrying
both Democratic and Republican
strategiSts is the danger that alb
normally large numbers of their
voters might skip the senatorial line
on the ballot.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
VIRGINIA
BY ALEX r. PRESTON
Star stan Correspondent

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS is going
to try to withhold the taxpayers
dollar from any community that
has an integrated public school.
But it will allow publit funds to
be used to educate children in pri-
vate schools which are integrated.
On the face of it, the idea won't
work.
For the last four weeks the Cen
eral Assembly has studied many
means of short-circuiting the Su-
preme Courts decision banning
racial segregation in public schools.
Almost without exception, mem
bers of the Legislature who have
been tussling with the issue rec
ognized that compliance with the
court order is inevitable.
So why are the lawmakers willing
TO penalize communities--such as
Arlington and Charlottesville
when those areas are under the
gun" of Federal court orders to end
racial segregation?
The Legislators Exploin
The answer is found In the mot
to-be-quoted- by-name" comments
Of legislators. the background fill
ms" the lawmakers give to report
ers. an overheard remark in a hotel
room. the casual views Of some who
should be in positions to know.
Most of these legislators are dis
turbed over the principle involved
in Withholding funds from the sup
port OF local school system.
A composite Of what they are
saying, outside the legislative halls,
is something like this:
THE whole idea is wrong-the
people have got to learn for them
selves that it won't work But
they expected us % do something
when We came here We've got
TO adopt some extreme measure: II
re don't they'll ask US when We 90
home why We didn't Try this or
that We know the courts are