davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-10
HOUSE DOCTOR
By HERMAN BAUM

"The plaster under a window
In my living room is powdery and
] cannot keep paint on it. /
scraped of the powder down to
hard plaster and added a coat Of
patching plaster but the same
thing happened again. Please
tell me the reason for this and
the cure.P S. A. r. writes.
Answer-Water is a chemical
compound good for quenching
thirst, extinguishing fires and
removing dirt from the faces Of
little boys. When allowed to
soak into plastered walls, water
dissolves and weakens the bond,
causing the plaster to powder,
dake or bulge and fall of.
There you have the cause Of
your. trouble. We can make the
obvious assumption that If you
prevent the water reaching the
plaster, it will not be subject to
this trouble. That is the cure.
The task of finding this leak
Is your big problem, but we can
give you a few suggestions on
where to look.
First, consider the condensa-
ton which forms on the window
glass of many homes in cold
weather. Inside the steam chests
that some people call home. the
condition is so bad that water
runs down on the inside Of the
windows in a rivulet all winter to
form puddles on the floor.
Faulty caulking around the
outside Of the window frame Is
another frequent cause of this
trouble. Caulking detetioriates
after a few years and requires
replacement. Modern caulkine
guns make this q job that any
home owner can accomplish him
self.
If your windows are not
weatherstripped. wind may drive
rain water under the bottom OF
the lower sash. Then, If there
are any cracks between the stool
that is the part inside that
most people call the window sill)
and the sill (which is the part
outside at the bottom Of the
window. water will leak down
inside the wall to soak the plas-
ter. Look for these cracks anc
I'LL them with putty.
On the underside Of the win
dow sill there should be one OF
two parallel grooves. These pre-
vent rain water trickling back
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-10
HOUSE DOCTOR
Dompness IS Peril
To Bond in Plaster

under the sill to enter the walls.
If these grooves are filled with
paint, remove the paint.
Another possible point of entry,
although fairly remote, is dam
aged or improperly installed
flashing at the top of the win
dow. Give this a thorough in
spection. 1t may require the re-
moval of the siding above the
window to effect a cure.
Ventilating Crawl Space
do we have enough ventila-
ton under our house? It is built
l18 inches of the ground. There
are two small openings on the
west side only. There are heat
ing pipes under the floor and my
husband thinks this keeps the
area dry? Mrs. G. z. writes.
Answer-Unless it is so wet
under a house that it is in immi-
nent danger of floating into the
street. nobody pays any atten-
ton to our advice. If you are
the domineering type, perhaps
you can convince your husband
that he should do something
about it. The ventilation in a
skirt wall should be figured on
the basis Of 2 square feet of
opening for each 100 feet of
building perimiter plus "a Of /
per cent of the crawl space
ground area. There should be at
least four vents, with one To-
Gated near each corner Of the
house. If this makes the floors
cold, place insulation on the
underside Of them.
Linoleum Wall Covering
How do remove the linoleum
from the wall Of my bath room?
1t is in bad condition and I want
Ito replace It," E. K. wants to
know.
Answer-This material is sup
posed to stay on q wall until the
house is torn down. You are apt
to make q good start on demol-
ishing the building when you try
to take it of because the pull
and tug process is the only
method. Pushing a paint scraper
behind the wall covering should
help to save some Of the plaster.
! Crack in Cellar Wall
"In my new home, there is a
crack in one cellar wall. Water
pours in through this when we
have a heavy rain. The builder
doesn't seem to know what to
do about 1t. What would you
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-10
Homes Okoyed
In Prince Georges

Recent building permits issued
in Prince Georges County in
Iclude:
Perry Duston. Laurel. owner and
Laurel; cost. SI4. 600
E. D. Hanback,. 61I4 Bass street
Capitol Heights, owner and builder:
three dwellings at Ala. 416, AIS Sixty
third avenue Palmer Heights; cost
$4,000 each.
Jack coopersmith. 927 Fifteenth street
NV. Washington. owner: Kettler Bros.
builders; service station at 5732 Tuxedo
road, ICheverly; cost $50 600
Modern Construction Co. Inc. $500
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28
MI. Greene Talks
On Food, People

balancing Food and Peo-
pie" will be the speech topic
for Morris Greene. regional
administrative officer of the
United Nations Food and Agri-
cultural Organization. when he
addresses a luncheon meeting
tomorrow Of the outlook Sec
ton of the Twentieth Century
Club.
Mr.. Greene. an Australian,
has visited many Of FAO's II
countries during his 10 years
with the organization.
The meeting will be held at
the YWCA.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28
To Notch

Foundations to match your
lingerie are but the newest.
Dyed-to-match bras, petit
coats and girdles are shown
in pastel red, turquoise, taupe.
black. and white.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28
OAR Regents Club
To Meet Wednesday

The Chapter Regents Club.
District Of Columbia Daugh-
tiers of the American Revolu-
ton, will hold its first meeting
of the season at 8 pm. Wednes-
day in the library of the chap
ter house.
The program is being ar
ranged by Mrs. William T.
Milne, regent of Judge Lynn
Chapter, and vice president
and program chairman of the
club. Mrs. Elsie S Cahill, re-
gent of Potomac Chapter, is
president of the club.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1956-03-03

sisted DR.. Clark in establishing the
new institution In 1914 are still
living. They are recognized -
founders: ]. s. Jones, Scotlandville,
the first Dean Of instruction; J.
b. Moore, Scotlandville, first d.
rector Of Mechanical Arts; Mrs. O.
H. Clark, Southern University,
first Director Of Music and Reg
istrar, and Mrs. E. N. Mayberry,
Los Angeles, Calf, first Director
of Home Economies.
The new administration of the
University was successful in get
ting q Constitutional Amendment
passed in 1919, which removed the
limitation of the annual $4,000
making it possible for the Legis-
lature to increase the appropria-
tons.
Southern, even in those early
years was a growing college which
seemed to grow fatser than thu
budget would provide facilities. DR.
J. s. Clark was constant visitor
to the Legislature seeking add
tional funds for the popular insti'
tuition.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1956-03-03

In July 1888, DR.. J. s. Clark
retired and his son, Dr.. r. @. Clark
became his successor. Under the
presidency Of Dr.. F. @. Clark,
Southern has become further rec
ognized IS one Of Americas better
educational institutions.
Southern, which is now the lar.
gest publicly supported. college in
America for Negroes, has super.
seeded. DR.. J. s. Clark's most ex.
pansive Of dreams. Although the
University has concentrated on de-
veloping a strong teaching faculty,
its high qualifications reveal indi-
viduals, who regularly are contrib
uting to research and to the pro-
fessional annals Of the nation. Too,
several are presently engaged in
projects which, when completed,
will be the basis for certain cur
riculum changes for more effective
teaching.
Now giving instruction to almost
5000 students and adults, the Uni
versity is rededicating itself to con-
tinued and superior service to the
State and Nation.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1956-03-03

and Soniat Streets, New Orleans,
where two buildings were erected.
instruction in Liberal Arts alone
continued until 1890, when under
the Morrill, Act, the school was
recognized by the Federal Govern
ment as a Land Grant College Of
fering specific training in agricul-
tural and mechanical education
Under this act, Southern has con-
tinued to receive annually q certain
percent Of the General Funds, to
carry on work in these fields. In
1912, Southern University and now
Agricultural and Mechanical Col.
lege was reorganized under Act
l18 of the General Assembly OF
that year.
Continuing with this status
provided by Act 118, for one year
in the City of New Orleans, the
entire property was sold and the
school was moved to its present
site as the "New Southern Uni
versity and Agricultural and Me
chanical College," under the presi
dency Of the later DR.. ]. S. Clark
Four former instructors who as
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1956-03-03

200-aere farm and is selling $500
worth of milk a month, started
out as a farm hand in 1881. He
and Mrs. Perkins became tenants
six years later, and in 1945 the
Farmers Home made them $4,000
loan to buy farm.
They paid out in four years and
then obtained another loan from
the agency to buy 10 good cows to
add to their herd of nine, build a
grade A barn, and improve their
pastures. Since then, the Perkinses
have cut their cotton acreage from
20 to five acres, concentrated more
on dairying, and general farming.
"My wife and l and our five chill
dren here at home are living bet
ter than ever" says Mr.. Perkins.
Mr.. and Mrs. Mallory's story is
about like the Perkinses, except
that they have 35 cows and are
selling so gallons of milk a day
which bring the couple and their
nine children more than $500 a
month.
The Farmers Home helped them,
too, to climb up from tenant farm
ing to ownership of farm, and up
from grade B milk production to
grade A. Their cotton acreage is
now down from 35 to Is acres,
and the emphasis is on better cows
and improved pastures and other
feed crops. Four of their children
are carrying All calf projects. If
the plans of these youngsters work
out, they are going to be dairy
farmers too.
The third Greene County farmer
who is making a real 60 of grade
A dairying is 32-year-old Lorenzo
Cunningham. He has bought and
paid for a 120-acre farm through
the Farmers Home since he got
out of the Army in 1916.
Three years ago he obtained an
other loan from the agency to buy
some cows, develop pastures, sink
a deep well, and modernize the
house for his family wife and
two young daughters. Now they
have 81 head of cattle and calves,
and are receiving monthly milk
check of close to $3.50.
Mr.. Tapley is urging the farmers
to raise more feed for their dairy
herds. Already pastures have i'm
proved sharply and one of the
farmers, Mr.. Mallory, has built
trench silo.
these farmers" says Mr.. Tap
ley, land some others l am work
ing with are going to be among
Georgia's top grade A dairymen.'
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1956-03-03
co|ored Farmers Joining In Shift
From Cotton To Dairying In South

In line with the trend toward
increased milk production in the
South, more colored farmers are
now adding dairying to their enter
prises to help offset their cotton
acreage reduction under the allot-
ment program, say officials of the
u. S. Department of Agriculture.
The increased emphasis on dairy
ing by white and colored farmers
in several Southern States has re-
suited in a marked rise in the
South's milk output. Between 1861
and 1866, milk production per COW
in the region rose from 1858 lbs.
to 4,1S0, and total annual produc-
ton increased from 22,445 to 49,
141 million pounds.
For the nation as a whole, an
nual milk production per COW
stands at 5,s15 pounds, and total
production in 1866 was 123,454
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1956-03-03

million pounds. Wisconsin led with
16,547 million pounds. Honors for
per pound of milk per cow went to
California where the average was
$3.50 pounds.
The shift partly from cotton to
milk production has been under
way in the South for q number of
years. One of the first areas to
make a real start was Chester
County, s. c., where cotton plan
tations were divided about $3.50
between cotton and pastures for
dairy herds in 1910, and the share
troopers who had been sharing only
in bales of cotton, began to share
also in cans of milk sold to newly
established nearby creameries.
This practice spread to other
states, and a number of farm own
ers also began to buy more cows
and 60 into milk production COM
mercially.
Greene County, Ca, provides one
of the best examples of how some
farm families in the South are
slowing down on cotton and speed
ing up on dairying.
A. S. Bacon, State supervisor
of Negro agricultural extension
work in Georgia, has reported on
the progress being made in dairy
ing by a number of farmers in his
state. Among these are Calvin
Perkins, Elgin Hallory, and Lor-
EMO Cunningham Of Greene coun-
ty. All three are making good
as grade A dairy farmers as a re-
suit of credit aid and counsel re-
ceived through the Farmers Home
Administration of the U. S. De-
partment of Agriculture and farm
management guidance from their
county agent, c. L. Tapley.
Mr.. Perkins, who now owns n
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1956-03-03
Dr.. Brewers
Accused Slayer.
CRITICALLY III

Columbus, Ca. Feb. 27-Solicitor
General John H.. Land said Friday
that Lucio Flowers, charged with
the murder of q Negro physician.
Is critically ILL.,"
Flowers, owner Of q Columbus
department store, is accused Of IA
tally shooting DR.. T. n. Brewers
during a quarrel over the arrest
Of Negro.
Land said he asked DR.. F. L.
Crosby, Muscogee County physic-
ian to "let me know when he
would be able to transfer him to
Jail. So far he hasn't done So"
Land said that Flowers has "been
unable to keep food" since the
shooting last Saturday. Flowers
is being held at the Columbus city
Jail under guard.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1956-03-03
Southern University
10 Celebrate And
Annual Founders Dav

Baton Rouge, La, Feb. g.
Southern University will celebrate
its Forty-second Founders Day
Friday, March 9. The institution,
which was established here as the
New Southern University and Ag-
ricultural and Mechanical College
in 1914, was moved from New Or
leans where it was originally found
ed in 1880.
Activities leading up to the
Founders Day Observance will in
clude a special vespers, Radio and
Television Shows, Convocations, a
Military Parade, luncheons, band
concert and the annual pilgrimage
to the grave Of the founder, DR..
J. s. Clark.
In 1879, the Honorable P. B. S.
Pinchback, T.. T. Allan and Henry
Demas sponsored a movement in
the Constitutional Convention for
an institution in the City of New
Orleans, which would serve the Ne
gro people Of the state. The Gen.
eral Assembly, in 1880, passed Act
81, which chartered the school. This
act further provided for a Board
Of Trustees, stating in section
seven that the said board, "Shall
establish faculty of arts and let
tiers, which shall be complete to in
struct in every branch Of liberal
education; and under rules of, and
in concurrence with the Board of
Trustees, to graduate students and
grant degrees pertaining to arts
and letters F.. on persons COM
petent and deserving same"
Even though the new institution
did not successfully operate until
1888, the establishment and con.
tinued support was secured by
Constitutional provisions, which
entitled it to an annual appropri-
alton of ten thousand ($1O,000)
dollars.
By 1885, Southern had outgrowr
its facilities on Callope Street anC
the next year the State Legislature
appropriated $4,000 for the pur
chase of a new site, at Magazine
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1956-03-03
AME Bishop
Continued from Page One)

pie of the SOUTH"
They commended Folsom for es-
tablishing an interracial commits
sion to study the explosive issue.
A copy of the telegram was sent
to Brownell. The Bishops deplored
the Montgomery arrests with this
declaration: "The use of such police
state methods represents indeed a
radical departure from American
concepts of decency and fair play"
They also wired President Eisen-
hover, urging him "to place the
full power Of the executive branch
of our government against this
tragic persecution of innocent Am
ericans."
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1956-03-03

Miss Hermene Alta Gsrdner,
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Andrew
Gardner. 327 Nichols street, is IN
18th grade student at the Broad
Street High School. Miss Gardner
is very anxious to help her class.
mates reach the top.
She is q member of the Broad
Street School Dramatic Tri-Hi-Y
and N. H. A She is president Of
the Youth Fellowship at the Jen.
Minis Temple c. M. E. Church.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1956-03-03

There are three good reasons why U. S. Savings
Bonds should be part of every investment program
They're sa1s-your principal is never subject to mar
ket fuctuation They're m,s-Bonds pay an average
of 3S per year, compounded semiannually when
held to maturity. They're Aqda-you can always
cash Them if you have to, after you've held them
for 2 months.
Treasury Secretary Humphrey recently sald'' The
continued success of our economy depends not
upon Government, but upon the efforts of all the
people trying to do little more for themselves and
their loved ones 1t is the sum total OF all these
individual efforts that makes our system superior to
anything known in this world before
Let's apply his words our private affairs And the
best thing that you do for your loved ones is to
buy wisely-save sensibly-and preserve our Amer
lean prosperity for them!
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1956-03-03

LIZ YOU'RE like most Americans, you're earning
more now than ever before. But if you're like lot
of us, you're having tough time trying to hang on
to this extra money. What comes easy-seems to 60
just as easily Spending little too freely and going
little too far into debt may be tempting, but 1t
certainly isn't wise Actually now is the best oPPor-
tunty you'll ever have to save
What most of us need is simple, systematic saw
ings pan-one that will work automatically and
pay off with guaranteed results Your Government
has provided just such plan And over 40 million
Americans are already cashing in on it.
Wby don't you join Them? Sign up for q. s. Se'1es
savings Bond, on the Payroll sasings Plan w6es you
woyk. Or bay Bonds regularly wbere you bank rs lfhe
a, $187 month INFESTED in Sanings Bonds ''I e''e
Won cash backlog of $1,182.6o in just ; years.
$2,45o7o in 9 years and months.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

weaver. Her home, which is her studio, located
on a steep slope of Mt. Tamalpais, is filled with
the work of her loom. Here she has other craft
work on display, pieces made of copper, of
wood some Of these from her homeland, some
her own creations.
Mama, as she is known in Mill Valley and
to her many friends in nearby San Francisco,
came to America from GAVE, Sweden, with hus-
band Axel in 1922. Axel GraVander, news
paperman, had been sent on an assignment here
in 1915 and fell in love with the West. He
wanted to make California his home. When he
married Valborg, trained nurse, she agreed to
move to the States. They put their savings, some
$1,000, into Swedish handicrafts to bring here
and sell when cash might be needed. But
Immediately Axel found work, so did Valborg,
and to this day they still have most Of the lovely
things carried here as nest egg.
II was two years after the GraVanderS arrived
that Valborg'S sister and her husband followed
from Sweden to start school Of weaving in
San Francisco. A short stay and they decided
to move to Cincinnati. Valborg gave up nursing
to take over the direction Of SVeagard House
and the weaving classes her sister had started.
Students came to live with the GravanderS, as
paid boarderS during their training.
1t was then that VaIborg began observing the
Swedish holidays in the traditional manner.
First these parties were held for young Scandi-
navians far from home. Now in Mama Grav-
anders unique studio high over the little valley,
her galas are for the neighborhood only. Mama
greets guests in her native dress, fuIl-skirted,
tight-bodiced, with hand-woven apron and white
shawl She wears tiny felt bonnet.
The little girls in the neighborhood are now
in thy of excitement (Which of u.s. they
wonder, Twill Mama choose this year to be
Santa Lucia" to wear the flowing white robes
and the candle-lighted headdreSS? Santa Lucia
is the cookie bearer. She will enter the studio on
the party evening bearing great tray of sweets.
Comes the feasting. Coffee is poured for the
grownups and there are bowls Of gl0gg, the spicy
Swedish punch. The children have cocoa.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25
Man1a'S
Christmas Cookies
A good baker from Sweden gives her recipes
Mil VALLEY, CALF.

Mil VALLEY, CALF.
PartieS at Ekbacken, that's Mama Gravan-
ders house, make Christmas really Christmas in
Mill Valley. We speak for the children. Then
comes their annual meeting with "JHlbOckeH,"
the straw ram, the Steed that "7onIte," the
Swedish Santa Claus, rides when he travels pack
loaded with presents for the good boys and girls.
No Prancer, no Dancer at Mama'S house. only
"JnlbOcken."
Christmas at Ekbacken means cookies, hun
dreds of dozens Of cookies all baked by Mama
herself. Weeks before the holiday she is busy
creating the gingerbread figures. Just about now
she gets down her collection of cutters which
hang in the kitchen as wall decoration. The
star takes a shining, the angel has its wings
washed. The boy and girl cutters get good
Tubing. Next in line waits the animal kingdom
Now Mama starts baking. First to do are the
ginger cookies; she bakes several kinds. One is
called everyday, heavy dough, to make
sturdy cookie, nice to swing from the tree.
There is a French gingerbread, also kind
called German K each to its purpose.
OId-Country Customs
Christmas to Mill Valley youngsters means
storytelling around the hearth at Ekbacken
and Mama telling the tales Of how it was at
Christmas when she was child long ago in
Sweden Each holiday she observes the old
country customs for the pleasure Of her neigh
bors and the excitement Of the little ones.
Two parties are given each holiday time, the
last on Twelfth Night the first, December IS,
darkest day Of Sweden's year when Santa Lucia,
the Goddess of Light, is feted. In Sweden, it's
national celebration observed in homes, Offices,
hospitals, and Santa Lucia is imperSonated
Refreshments follow "a vast array Of sweets
and the flowing bowl. Just so at Mama's house,
and no more wonderful place could be found for
a Christmas party except perhaps in the work.
shop of jolly old Santa himself.
Mrs. Valborg Gravander is widely known as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

Scus stand chance with Esquire ScuKoe on the job
You Just slap any old way and like magic chldrens
worn beatp shoes look again No brushing rubbing
no work you'll easy fast the youngsters shine
their Just apply Esquire ScuKote; dries shiny bright
party neat smooth soft and nataEoong Ugly and
scratches completely disappear. Use Esquire %E'x~SN
Scuff-Kote ALL scufed shoes. Look HssissIr
for the bright circus package. Available Ass...$>
in 10 cleaning colors. Still only 2St. H.@-s
uuA eEsRs NOUN Starring SD Caesar MIC HnspN Saturday EsT
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25
Ginger Cookies

Ginger Cookies
~ cups butter or teaspoon crushed
margarine c0rd0mOm seed
cup sugar cup bL0Hched
cup dark corn syrup almonds, cO0TSeLy
tablespoon ginger chopped
TEASPOONS cinnamon ? tablespoons cOgn0c
teaspoons cloves or brandy
5fO 8 cups Siffed -four
Cream butter and sugar until fluffy. Bend in
W-II-25,56