davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-02-15
Bulletin Reports
Farm Flock Study

RESULTS OF A study made of farm
fIocks of sheep on 2 irrigated farms
in Montana may serve as guide to
the returns that may be expected from
farm flock.
The study is published in a new
bulletin entitled Farm Flocks of Sheep
on Irrigated Farms in Montana. Cop
les are available from county extern
sion agents or by writing to the Mon
tana Agricultural Experiment Station,
Bozeman.
The bulletin, written by D. c. Myrick,
economist, Agricultural Research Serv-
ice. describes in detail the management,
breeding and feeding of the farm flocks
studied, as well as how the sheep fit
into the overall farm organization.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-02-15
We Solved the Post Problem
For Our Electric Fencing
By ARTHUR D. MILES
Park County

This is the third of six articles in
which Arthur d. Miles tells of his
IL years Of successful experience in
building and using more than 50
miles of electric fencing on his foot
hills cattle and sheep ranch.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-02-15

we cut some 5 feet to use in gulIies
ana on corners and gates.
Length of Span
when we were short of posts. we
mace the spans as far apart as we
dared up to so feet. With such large
distances we had to check and recbeck
the wire height to eliminate the high
ana low spots with additional posts.
Nowadays, with an ample supplv of
posts we put post in every rod and
a MALT, and only make a passing glance
10 see II the fence is too high or too
low. At a rod and a half spacing ono
or even two posts can be rotted or
broken off and still the wire won't sag
enough to allow the cows to step over
On a curved fence, posts spaced a
roo apart will keep the wire tight. We
drlVe the posts in little deeper each
year when the fence is gone over and
soon have fence that the wire doesn't
sag on even during the rainy season.
Treating Posts
Posts that are rotted off are easv to
change. We try to pull the rotted or
broken post out of the ground to save
the hole for the new post. Since posts
are SO easy to replace, it is a question
If 1t pays to treat them. We do, how
ever, treat against rot with pentacloro-
phenol. We cold soak the bottoms. and
dip the tops to prevent splitting. We
expect the treated posts to last Is years.
more than doubling their life. The treat
ment costs as much as the posts 90
cents but we don't have the expense
OF replacing them as often.
In the timber we faSten the insulators
from one tree to the next and don't
worry about keeping a straight line. We
seldom fasten to lone trees in the open
any more. The swaying of a lone tree
in the wind causes the tie wires to wear
in two or the nails to pull out. The
electric fence is an exceedingly cheap
type of fence to use on timbered
ground, since the only cash outlay is
for wire and insulators.
Cutting and pointing posts on table
saw makes post production much easier
and speeds up the process. Posts with
long tapering point are a considerable
asset, since they drive easier, especially
when the ground is dry and hard.
After we developed a good method of
supplying posts our fencing moved
ahead at fast pace. In our greatest
fencing year, 1949, we put up six miles.
Posts no longer were the ''bottleneck"
in electric fence building. I began to
wonder if so much fence would become
my master rather than my slave. How
difficult would it be to maintain and
charge so miles of fence?
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-02-15

IN 1914 THE electric fence had
proved itself on corner of rough
range and along an alfalfa meadow.
What more situations are there?
There was an abundance of grass on
my fathers sheep range that 1 could
now turn cattle on to-with more
fencing. After IS years of running sheep
there were no fences to separate the
range areas from the hay and grain
fields, no fence along the county road
or the highway. There was no fence
along the national forest, since the orig
inal fence had been built IS years be-
fore.
In setting up cow pasture areas we
not only wanted to fence the cattle out
of roads and meadows, but we saw no
purpose in turning the cattle onto areas
that the sheep preferred, such as the
south slopes. Many of the creek bottoms
and readily accessible areas the sheep
had utilized closely and we saw no
value in allowing the cattle access to
these areas to add to the already close
grazing.
Division Fences
We also made a number of division
fences to obtain better distribution
where there were large continuous
grazing areas. 1t would be necessary
to see our steep, broken slopes with
sharp changes in forage types to realize
how we came to put up so miles of
electric fence on 5000 acres. We still
could use more fence to economical
advantage.
Type of Posts
In our desire to get the fences built.
we used anything at hand for posts.
Rotted off fence posts were split and
pointed. We took poles off the corralS
and sawed them up for posts. We cut
and peeled many fir poles during in
clement spring weather; we drove 80
miles for lodgepole poles that we didn't
nave to peel. We cut quaking aspen for
posts when the snow was so deep that
we couldn't get to the timber. We tried
juniper, cedar and thorn brush, and
these are still holding up the fence
after II years without treatment.
One winter we bored holes in 300 steel
posts to fasten the insulators, but we
soon gave up the steel posts, as we had
TOO much trouble with shorting out. 1
was wishing this winter, though, that l
mad some steel posts to put up a stretch
OF fence on the frozen ground, since
steel post can be driven through the
frozen ground.
Scrap Lumber
Our fencing didn't shift into high gear
until we started using scrap lumber
from the local sawmf1 for posts. We
use split 2x6s when there isn't enough
scrap lumber available, and we've
come to accept the 2x3s as our standard
post.
We found that four feet long is
little too short a post to make a good
cattle-electric fence. We decided this
after we had made 5000 four-foot posts.
There just isn't enough room at the
top to prevent splitting out above the
nail and enough length to go into the
ground to make sturdy installation.
-Four foot inches is good length, and
The coastland times. [volume] (Mnateo [i.e. Manteo], N.C.) 1947-1959, 1956-07-06

school in Brazil, told how she car
ed for the children and walked
seven miles to and from the school
every day hoping the seed she
planted would bear fruit. Mrs. Col
die Best as Perpetua told of the
family fellowship and how much
she enjoyed being a social worker.
Mrs. Florine Hooper as Eunice
showed how they could improve
their homes and how to improve
their diet and most of all how to
become educated and tell the story
of Jesus to those who have not
heard.
Mrs. Becky Midyette related as
Elsa how children at the Indian
mission are learning to share the
story of Jesus and scatter seeds
of good will all over the place. So
once again the pastor and the In
dian are planting seeds of good
will. love, and Christian brother
hood. The closing thought was,
The seeds are here. Go into all
the world and plant them.
The Kingdom Is Coming was
sung as a benediction.
The President, Ruby Gray, pre-
sided over the business. After re-
ports, roll call and discussions the
treasurer, Mrs. Lou Hooper, APP
pointed twelve chairmen to work
with a group of four each month
to raise money toward local ex-
penses.
The hostess assisted by Donna
Gene Midgette, served iced lemon
ade, sailed nuts and cookies.
Meeting adjourned to meet in Au-
gust with Mrs. Goldie Best.
The coastland times. [volume] (Mnateo [i.e. Manteo], N.C.) 1947-1959, 1956-07-06
sTuMPY POINT PERSONALS

Mrs. Lennon Hooper is visiting
her daughter and son-in-law, Mr..
and Mrs. Jack Gaskill, in Elizabeth
City.
L. W. Hooper returned to Roch-
ester, N. Y. Wednesday.
Mrs. Alva Wise is visiting rela-
tives in New York, N. Y.
Sandra 10 Bell of Norfolk is
visiting her grandmother, Mrs.
Florine Hooper.
Mr.. and Mrs. Garland Meekins
spent the week end in Norfolk
with Mr.. Meekins' sister, Mrs.
Sheriff. Hooper.
Mrs. Maude Hooper and lobe
Wise received a call Sunday night
telling of the death of their broth
er, John M. Wise, in New Bern.
Mrs. Doll Cahoon was called to
Norfolk Sunday to be with her son
Boyd, who is in Marine Hospital
after being in an automobile acct
dent. ..-
Brantley and Glenn Twiford
were in Norfolk Monday on bust
ness.
Pat Twiford is visiting hel
grandmother, Lou Twiford, in Nor
folk.
Miss Wanda Midgette is home
from Norfolk where she is EN-.
ployed.
The Rev. A. L. G. Stephenson
has returned to serve the people
another year. The charge welcome:
the pastor and family back.
The Woman's Society of Chris
tian Service held its regular bust
ness meeting and program Monday
evening at eight o'clock with Mrs
Becky Midgette. Mrs. Willie Hoop
er, chmn. of missionary education
led the program. Her theme was
Scatter the Seed" using psalm
71-1-3 as the call to worship. ART
Ye Able, Said the Master" wa'
sung.
After prayer by the leader ask
ing Gods help in scattering thu
seeds of Christianity all over thu
world. The leader with four other!
gave sketch of school life in Bra
iii at the different missions or in
stitutes. Ruby Gray, as Maria, {
director of vacation church
The coastland times. [volume] (Mnateo [i.e. Manteo], N.C.) 1947-1959, 1956-07-06

Even though we are continuing
HID. meetings through the summer
for the first time in years, the at
tendance is increasing rather than
decreasing. The. average for June
was 2 people per meeting.
At their meeting the Colington
Club members drew for the lucky
quilt winner. 1t was Mrs. Myrtle
Dough of Colington. After making
the quilt and selling chances fol
several weeks, Colington club
members are SIS richer.
The response to the Craft School
here in the county was excellent
Here are the list of club women
who plan to attend: Mrs. Hubert
Guthrie and Mrs. Leo Midget
Manteo Club; Mrs. Virginia Davis
Wanchese Club; Mrs. Woodrow
Best and Mrs. Grace Golden, Stun.
py Point Club; Mrs. Horace Dough
and Mrs. Troy Beasely, Colingtor
club; Mrs. Russell Perry, Mrs
Curtis Toler, Mrs. C. A. York, Mrs
Robert Young, Mrs. Violet Meek.
ms and Mrs. Louise Gillie, Kit,
Hawk club. Buxton, Hatteras ant
Rodanthe clubs plan to bring clut
members in to take craft "quick
les" during the craft school.
Wondering What's New for Vol
these hot summer days? It's pop
up pancakes-as easy as toast fol
breakfast. Prebaked and frozen
they are packed 6 in box. ON
minute in the toaster makes then
ready to eat.
Some of us are already enjoying
delicious fresh corn while othel
home gardeners are anxiously
awaiting the first ripen ears. Hope
you wont let anyone fast talk 70,
into accepting field corn for swee
corn. They differ greatly in taste
tenderness and sugar content
Sweet corn has 1919 sugar compar
ed to 21s % for field corn.
One medium sized ear give.
about the same amount of B Vita
min as 2slices of enriched breaC
and yellow corn has a little NOR
vitamin A than white corn.
To can corn in the pressure cook
er, clean corn, wash and cut from
cob at about 2/3 the depth of tn
kernel. Pack in jars to 1 inch o.
top; do not shake or press down
Add " tsp. salt to pints; 1 tsp. t.
| OTIS. Fill to top with boiling water
Adjust jar lids. Process in pressure
Gamer 10 Id. pressure So minute
for pints, 85 minutes for quarts.
SHIRLEY WEST, home agen
The coastland times. [volume] (Mnateo [i.e. Manteo], N.C.) 1947-1959, 1956-07-06
BONNER EVALUATES
MER CHANT MARINE
WORTH TO NATION
Congressman Devotine Efforts To-
ward Strengthening Things
Vital To Defense
and Economy

In recent speech in Congress,
the Representative of the First
District paid high tribute to the
value of strong Merchant Marine
to both our peace-time economy
and our national defense. As
Chairman of the House Committee
on affairs dealing with the Mer-
chant Marine, Herbert C. Bonner
has given a lot of time and work
to strengthening the Merchant
Marine in peace time. Because. of
the interest of Coastland people
in the Merchant Marine, we are
printing the speech, as follows:
Mr.. Speaker: Twenty years ago
today, after long and sometimes
bitter battle, the magma charta of
American water transportation
the Merchant Marine Act of 1886
was enacted into law.
When the small but dark cloud
of Hitler's rise to power in Europe
was recognized by only a few,
President Roosevelt directed the
Congress to spare no reasonable
effort in the restoration of the
American merchant marine to a
level commensurate with our in
ternational responsibilities, and
adequate to transport our domes-
tic waterborne commerce and a
substantial portion of our water
borne foreign commerce.
1t is inspirational to me to look
back over the past two dynamic
decades of growth and power of
our great country in a violently
changing world. In 1885, after
over Is years of effort to estab-
lish a privately owned merchant
marine-with almost every con-
ceivable form of aid-the Federal
| Government was by far the largest
The coastland times. [volume] (Mnateo [i.e. Manteo], N.C.) 1947-1959, 1956-07-06

to American exporters and import
ers, and to the areas which they
serve.
Within the past two years the
lines which entered into contracts
under the 1886 Act are embarking
upon a replacement of more than
$50 new ships, to be built between
1866 and 1870, at an estimated to-
tai cost in excess of one billion,
five hundred million dollars.
But, Mr.. Speaker, there is an
other side to this picture which is
perhaps even more urgent now
than it was twenty years ago.
Today our international trade is
expanding and our world obliga-
tons are increasing, but l regret
to say that our participation in
the foreign commerce of the
United States is less than 25 per-
cent-lower than it was before the
birth of the 1886 Act.
There are many reasons for this
which l will not attempt to discuss
now. One thing, however, is clear,
and that is that the principle is
the same-the need is as great
or greater-and it is our obliCl-
ton to meet the challenge to keep
our merchant marine on an even
keel with the ever expanding
growth Of our foreign commerce
and the growing needs of our ma
tional security.
Mr.. Speaker, 1 wish to call to
the attention of the House that
Otis Bland of Virginia, a most
distinguished member, was the
father of the Merchant Marine Act
of 1886, which has proven so es-
sential to our national defense.
The coastland times. [volume] (Mnateo [i.e. Manteo], N.C.) 1947-1959, 1956-07-06
CLUB MEMBERS AT GATE
OF ELIZABETHAN GARDENS

Greeting visitors at the entrance
to the Elizabethan Gardens on
Roanoke Island are members of the
Roanoke Island Garden Club, and
all visitors are presented with lit
erature on the Gardens, and all
possible information furnished by
the attendant. Membres Of the club
take turns at the gate, and will
be found there from 10 am. until
six pm. each day of the week ex-
cept Monday. The club undertook
this as one of its projects for this
year. There is no charge for visit
ing the Gardens, but many visitors
make contributions to assist in the
development of the project, which
was taken over by the North Caro-
lima Federation Of Garden Clubs
several years ago.,
The coastland times. [volume] (Mnateo [i.e. Manteo], N.C.) 1947-1959, 1956-07-06

operator of ships in the American
merchant marine. American ships
were carrying less than 35 per-
cent of our overseas commerce.
Many of them were obsolete, and
most of them had an economic life
of five years or less to go. Only
two sea-going vessels-small by
today's standards-were under con-
struction in the shipyards of the
nation. The ship repair segment
of the industry was comparably
impoverished.
Twenty years ago there were
those who remembered the lesson
of World War 1, when most of our
Nation denied the possibility of
World War II. The Committees of
of the House and Senate worked
arduously and continuously for
over 10 months to find a formula
for an adequate merchant marine.
Seven or eight legislative propo-
sails were introduced and exhaust
lively examined before the final
resulting compromise became the
Merchant Marine Act of 1886. In
Committee, and in floor debate,
the battle was between the forces
who favored Government owner
ship and operation and those who
while recognizing the necessity
for Government aid because of the
higher standards of American liv-
ingfought for the maximum de-
gree of private ownership and
operation. Above all, the sense of
both Houses and both sides of the
controversy was for the absolute
need for strong merchant marine.
1t is now history that the en-
actment of the 1886 Act produced
the nucleus of ships in being and
shipbuilding capacity that made
possible the transportation miracle
of World War II. Our shipbuilding
effort, which produced over 5000
merchant ships in the four war
years, has never been equaled in
the history of the world.
But, Mr.. Speaker, without the
far-sighted executive and Con-
gressional impetus which produced
the 1886 Act, the margin of VIC
tory might not have been ours.
Some have said that the 1886
Act has not. proved effective-that
the modernization and increased
stability in our merchant marine
has been due solely to the abnor-
NAL conditions prevailing through
out the world in September, 1889
the outbreak of war in Europe
until the end of the Korean War.
| l CANNOT AGREE.
Today we are realizing the fruits
of the program called for in the
1886 Act. In this program was the
development of the excellent, high
speed, modern and safe sea-type
cargo and combination vessel de-
signed to serve the duel purpose
of commerce and defense. Many of
these fine ships were actually in
being long before we got into
World War II. Their construction
effected the rehabilitation of our
shipbuilding capacity. The opera
tors who acquired them under the
carefully developed requirements
of the 1886 Act set about the i'm
provement of their services on the
previously determined essential
trade routes. The fast, regular, and
frequent services required under
tho ln,,r n,,o nno,rr M nrinnr diuidnnds
The coastland times. [volume] (Mnateo [i.e. Manteo], N.C.) 1947-1959, 1956-07-06

THERE is NO SUBSTITUTE
FOR
NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-19

somewhere and went to join
his former wife at Megeve.
They danced until three and
seemed not to have a dispute
in the world. OF course Rita
was there with Rebecca and
Yasmin two weeks before the
Prince got around to calling,
but on the other hand he is
no longer certain whether or
not he'll take Bettina with
him to the Middle East.
Rebecca Wells. by the way,
has inherited her father
Orson's flair for dressing like
a lumpy duff1e bag. At least
she never misses putting her
ski pants on backwards. :.
Last November the head of
the German house of Hanover
won a long fight to be recog-
nized as a British subject UNI
der an old law Of the Georges.
While an appeal by the crown
to the House of Lords is
pending. 4l-year-old Ernst
August christened his To-
week old second son, Ludwig
Philip. He also claims the
titles Of Prince Of England and
Duke of Cumberland. Even
If he is a cousin. the British
find this not quite cricket for
a man who is pretender to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-19

day in Switzerland with q le-
gion Of pals, the Royal Duke
is the center of a loud and
lengthy other-guests-disturb-
ing party every night. The
hotel claims that only his dip
lomatic immunity keeps the
whole crowd from being tossed
out. One barman said: TITS
bad enough having to put UP
with the antics Of some of the
guests who spend money free
ly. but when II people or
der only a few bottles of beer
between them, then act as il
they own the place, it's more
than we can take" Beaver
brooks second young target
for the week was Grace Kelly.
His papers also carried this:
Riddle of the Week! Why
Grace Kelly spends years build
ing herself up as a perfect
lady, such a sensitive charac-
ter so shy and refined and
then lets her mother tell all.
Other Notes
Except for her skiing. which
progresses not at all despite
daily lessons, Rita Hayworth
seems back in her old form.
At least she's giving Bettina
a hard time. Prince Ali Khan
left the lovely mannequin
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-19

German throne ana grandson
Of the emperor who tried to
blast Britain of the charts.
;. The literary lion Of France,
Jean Cocteau has provided a
glossary of nuclear physic for
a film on atomic power. BY
his definition a Geiger coun-
ter is: "A snout which smells,
shifts, seeks the truffle."
Neither John Brendan Kelly
jr., nor his wife. Washington's
Mary Freeman, would have
been present If the princely
wedding of Monaco had been
arranged for June. "Kell. "
Grace's big brother. is training
for his last crack at the Olym-
pie single SOULS champion
ship once held by his father.
The main event is not until
November in Melbourne, but
June is the date for the trials;
and Olympic trials. like time
and tide. wait for no man.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-19

increasingly strict policies and
were getting angrier by the
minute. They think he just
makes their jobs harder. and
new restrictions will not help
catch the pirates. Barbas, all
the while, was trying to f1atter
them into docile acceptance by
saying that Haute Couture
couldn't survive without their
cooperation. At this. an an
cient specimen who's been writ
ing fashion since hoops were
big news booed quite audibly.
The Queen Elizabeth didn't
deliver Washington's Miss Eliz-
abeth Fairall in time but a
speech was made in her honor
anyway. Nine. Henri Bon
net was there in her capacity
as co-ordinator for Christian
Dior. After lots Of illness since
returning from Washington she
feels and looks much better
but her problems aren't over
and won't be until she finds
her ideal domestic staff.
Notes from England
The next day, and across the
Channel. another ambassadors
lady was in the news but honor
came to her in her own right
as Margot Fonteyn, the Bale
rina. The Queen Mother, in
the absence Of her daughter in
Nigeria, presented Dame Mar
got with the insignia Of Dame
Commander Of the Order Of
the British Empire. It was just
a year and a day after she had
become the wife Of Roberto
Arias, Panamanian Ambassa-
dor to the Court Of st. James.
If there's anything this column
admires more than a lady who
can sit with poise on the social
ladders top rung and who can
also reach the top Of her pro-
fession. it is the lady who can
do both at once. That's Fon-
teyn!
If Fonteyn does England
honor. Lord Beaverhrook's
press thinks that Edward Duke
Of Kent does not. Now on holi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-19
DATELINE PARIS
OAR Chapters Are Active in Poris;;
Other Notes From the Continent

years. The beautiful Comtesse
de Paris was one Of many icy
street victims. She is the wife
of the pretender to the French
throne and the mother OF
eleven children. Driving her
mouselike 4 Oh. Renault. she
skidded into a Citroen driven
by an American. With a
broken ankle and chest bruises
this normally very active
woman will be tied down for
several weeks.
Paris Fashions
Another high-ranking French
parsonage who drives a baby
Renault is Raymond Barbas.
president of the Paris Syndi-
cate of High Fashion. He drove
the car to the George v the
other day and talked about his
life's big problem. It's fashion
piracy or the stealing of hot
off-the-easel designs before the
manufacturers who buy them
have a chance to get copies on
the market. It's always been
difficult to get an early peek
at a famous collection. Now
Barbas. who owns the Jean
Patou label. says it's going to
be tougher than ever. He spoke
of it to a lunch gathering Of
fashion writer's. Many were
already mad at him for his
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-19
Afternoon Meeting

The Washington Club Of
Chestnut Hill College Alumnae
Association will hold an after
noon of recollection at 4 o'clock
next Sunday In st. Anslem's
Priory, Fourteenth and South
Dakota avenue NE.