davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-22
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
About Some Odd Denizens of the Deep
By THOMAS r. HENRY

Eight or 10 kinds of animals
have established themselves on
earth's last frontier Of life
the bottoms Of the great Pa
ciflc sea trenches at depths Of
more than $4,000 feet.
There they live under pres
sures as much as 1000 times
the atmospheric pressures at
the oceans surface. They still
are hardy pioneers. reports DR..
Anton F. Bruun, leader Of the
Danish deep sea Galathea ex-
petition. He proposes for them
a special geological classiflca-
tion-"Hades animals" or crea-
lures of the lower world.
Doubtless, he says, many Of
the great-depth organisms re-
main to be discovered. Below
$4,000 feet, scientists of the
Galathea and of the recent
Russian Kurile Trench expedi-
ton each found one species.
The term blades animals"
he reports in the British SCI
entiflc journal Nature, might
also be applied to the album
dant creatures living on the
sea bottom at depths of about
1000 feet. The area covers
about 800 million square miles,
a large part of the total sur
face of the planet. At such
depths there is constant dark
ness and an unvarying tenn
perature Of about four degrees
above freezing.
The animals are, for the
most part. sedentary-either
burrowers in the sea-bottom
mud or attached to the bot
tom by stalks like the pictur-
esque and voracious sea lilies.
Also quite prominent are the
sponges which seem to have
followed a different line Of
evolution than most of the rest
of the animal kingdom.
Biological Frontier
Records Of the Galathea, DR..
Bruun saws, show quite an
abundant ocean-bottom life
between depths of 1000 and
5000 meters. At the latter
depth the species begin to dis
appear. It is apparently a
biological frontier very diff
cult for any species to cross.
In the abysmal depths above,
however, the Galathea scien-
fists collected 88 species of the
strange. burrowing, wormlike
sea cucumbers. and 40 species
of the snakelike echinodermS,
the ophiurids. Probably these
constituted a small part of
the actual populations.
Various theories have been
advanced as to how the crea-
lures of the great depths get
food. The Galathea expert
ences, DR.. Bruun says, tend to
discredit the old idea of a
perpetual rain of dead bodies
from the sea surface. There
is, however, a rather constant
rain of undigeStible matter and
shells which are attacked by
sea bottom bacteria and broken
down into organic materials
which become part Of the
mud. Next in the chain of
life are the so-called mud
eaters" burrowers that filter
the mud through their bodies
and extract from 1t all di-
gestible material. Then the
night creatures of the great
depths eat the indicators and
each other.
Occasionally the body Of
some surface creature like a
great whale may sink to the
bottom without being con-
Sumed, thus greatly increasing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-22
DisroeH's Scorn

Since candidate Stevenson
has descended to the Tru-
man campaigning technique
and now resorts principally to
personal attacks on President
Eisenhower, he reminds one
OF nothing so much as the
Characterization Of a political
opponent by the famous Eng
lish statesman, Disraeli:
"A sophistical rhetorician,
inebriated with the exuber-
ance Of his own verbosity, and
gifted with an egotistical imag-
nation that can at all times
command an interminable and
inconsistent series OF argu-
ments to malign an opponent
and glorify himself"
Old ReactiOnary.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-22
the food supply Of the abysses.

the food supply Of the abysses.
\ X \ \
A British submarine carry
ing a group of American and
Australian scientists has Just
completed a survey of the
bottom Of the world"
This is the Tonga Kermadec
Trench, about 6 miles deep.
in the floor of the Pacific
between Samoa and New Zea-
land. The object of the ex-
petition, sponsored by the
ONCE Of Naval Research In
Washington, was to obtain
data which will make possible
a better determination Of the
true shape of the earth.
The trench also is of Spe-
cial interest because it is be-
lieved to be the initial stage
in the development Of a new
mountain range, for in the
continuously readjusting bal
ance of the earth's crust the
greatest depths become the
greatest heights over hundreds
Of thousands of years. The
present area of the Appa-
lachians, for example. once
was a deep trench in the sea.
Along the sides of the Tonga
Trench the ocean floor is
from $4,000 to 10000 feet deep.
The trench itself goes down
for another 10000 feet.
Gravity Varies
Observations were made
from the submerged subma-
rine at depths ranging from
so to 200 feet, where disturb
ances from surface waves were
sufficiently reduced to allow
precise measurements. A COM
pick pendulum apparatus, in
vented by DR.. F. A. Vening-
Meinez of the Netherlands.
was used for about 1870 gravity
observations.
Gravity varies with geo.
graphic location because of
the shape of the earth and
the geological structure Of its
crust. The submarine ohser-
vationS will be used to deter
mine the types Of rocks and
their thicknesses in this region.
The resulting information will
be pooled with other gravity
observations in determining
more precisely the earth's
shape.
These observations will be
reported at a scientific meet
ing in Australia in December.
The program was laid down
by Drs. Maurice Ewing and j.
Lamar Worzel of Columbia
University.
An international ship, flying
the flag of the United Nations
and stated by a revolving crew
of world scientists, has just
been proposed by one of the
worlds foremost oceanogra-
piers DR.. Anton F. Bruun of
the University Of Copenhagen.
The ship, weighing about
1900 tons, DR.. Bruun proposes.
will be devoted to exploring the
common territory of all ma
tons and the least known part
of the earth. the sea bottoms.
The staff of oceanographerS,
selected by a u. N. SUBJ
group. would be replaced every
10 months. They would be con-
cerned especially with study of
the South Indian and South
Pacific Oceans and always
would carry a group of stu
dents from countries surround
ing these seas.
The cost Of this international
investment he estimates at
about 100000 a year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-22
Poisonous Mushroom

Many individuals have re-
acted in a most irrational
manner to Mr.. Stevenson's
proposals TO stop the useless.
wasteful and harmful atomic
and hydrogen explosions.
Such action would in no
way place our Nation in dam
ger. We have far more atomic
weapons. equipment and tech
nical knowledge than would
be necessary 10 wage the most
violent form Of warfare.
These explosions are not
only poisoning our earth and
the outer atmosphere. but also
the people. They must be
stopped. At . time when we
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-22

need friends, we are making
many enemies for ourselves
and firm allies for the Com
munists by these outrageous
acts.
In view of the damaging
effects of these experiments
and the serious ill-will Of
other nations that results, the
attitude of the administra-
ton is beyond my under
standing.
Ralph d. Brown.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-22
Questions and Answers
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE

@. Can babies tell one color
from another?--E. s.
A. They can distinguish be-
tween Oolors. and bright red
Is almost always the color
which attracts them most.
Toy manufacturers have found
that babies prefer bright red,
bright blue. white. and bright
green--in that order.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-22
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used u
letters carry priterS correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject TO conden.
Sntion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-22

Windy days, save for dust in
the eyes, are wonderful walk
ing days.
People who like to walk need
no lecture to make them do it.
This is for those who bene-
t from exhortation, now and
then.
Ralph Waldo Emerson. re-
garded by many as Americas
greatest philosopher, said that
the greatest need for most of
us is to have someone to make
us do better than we think
we can.
Since Emerson's day there
have been a host of self
appointed lecturers, deter
mined to make us do better
than our best.
Today the very latest Is a
big book with one section In
paper Of different color than
the rest.
BE Interested" the volume
screams.
Lean toward the person with
whom you are talking.
Look him in the eye, etc.
The only pointer for the
timid that is overlooked is one
we found in an old book Of the
same sort years ago.
That author said to stare at
the feet Of anyone who stares
at you.
1t works!
Try it sometime, when some
persistent ninny in a bus or
restaurant (the usual places
happens to stare flxedly at you,
as people now and then will
do, for unknown reasons.
Just look fixedly at his shoes,
and in no time at all, he will
begin to fidget, then turn his
head away.
You can even stare him Of
the bus or out Of q restaurant,
If you are determined and
mean enough.
-
To get back to walking
Some people who ought 70
walk need prodding to do 1t.
They naturally will never
walk, unless some one invites
them, or urges them to. or tells
them 1t is good for their diges-
ton and sleep.
Many sleepless persons wit
ness the sale Of sleep capsules)
would need no medicine II they
would get out and walk every
night before going TO bed.
Once Templeton Jones tried
this, IL times around his block
in Georgetown. That made
40 blocks.
He liked It, but quit. You
know why?
People were curious. inquis-
tive. They wondered why he
was walking around the block
30 many times.
Georgetown 10 that way.
| Perhaps . better system
would be 70 walk "a blocks 10
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-04-13
Charter Amendment
Explained BY Dorle.
Drive Chairman

What Is this Charter Amend
ment that St Paul voters are be-
ing asked TO approve on April "a
Mr. Walter " Dorle. chairman
OF the Citizens Charter Amend
ment committee. declares that the
amendment is the only sensible
way TO meet the needs OF St Paul
He states, since 1928 we
haven't done much TO keep st.
Paul In step with It's growth and
changing needs. The depression
and World War II kept us from
keeping pace with our continuing
population growth,
After World War II. the prob
lem became magnified with the
addition OF whole areas Of new
homes and a terrific Jump in child
population THIS has brought
great pressure TO bear on our
schools, playground facilities. pub
lie health service, and fire and po-
lice departments
ITO meet these problems, we
got together and passed the bond
issue OF 1853. Funds from the bond
issue, however. can only be spent
for construction and some equip
ment. The bond issue money can
not be spent for salaries TO get the
staffs 10 man these new plants
Now" says Mr., Dorle, I'VE are
building and improving our ply
steal facilities, but we need people
70 run them and maintain them,
The charter amendment has to be
approved In order to allow the
city TO keep moving ahead, II Is
pretty scnselesS YOU must admit.
10 build new fire house, buy the
trucks 20 SO into the building. and
then not be able TO hire the fire
men TO run the equipment"
Mr. Dorle pointed out that ST,
Paul has the lowest tax rate OF
any surrounding community Its
rate Is considerably lower than in
Minneapolis, Duluth, or other
large Minnesota Cities The rate
win stin be lower than these com.
munities II the amendment Is APP
/ proved. Therefore. he asks foi
your yes" vote on the charter
amendment.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-04-13
Nj. oLINTT BAPTIsT

Jesus ConsoHng Word To His
Disciples Before His Death, was
the subject Of Rev 3. II. Hunter
message at IL a. m. worship ser
vice, using for his text John al
Rev. J. J. Clayburn offered the
prayer.
Music was provided by the Sen
Tor Choir.
Willie Hollis and Legather
Jones united with the church on
Christian experience.
Visitors for the day were Mr.
and Mrs. Robert Webb. Mr.. and
Mrs. William +. Johnson, James
officer, Mrs. j. j. Clayburn, all OF
Minneapolis and Mrs. Grace Ross
The Dorcas Society is sponsor
ing Lorraine johnson in a piano
recital Friday evening at s p. m.
Queen Minerva contest Will
close May IL, with program and
browning Of Queen. support your
favorite Contestant.
on Sunday evening, April IS, at
7:45 D. m, the Senior Choir will
present an all request musical
program.
Plans for Women's and Mems
Day are making progress with
birthday group activities. Mrs.
Viola cassell, chairman, Is head
ing the ladies. Harvey Hopkins is
chairman for men.
Mt. OIvet extends sincere con-
dolence to Mr.. and Mrs. K. N.
Daniels in the loss of an aunt in
Kansas City, Kans.
You're always welcome at Mt.
Olivet, The Church With A
Friendly Welcome"
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-04-13
ALBERT LEWIS DIES;
LIVED HERE SINCE
EARLY CHILDHOOD

Services for Albert Lewis, 81,
OF SIT James Av. N. who died in
Parkview hospital Thursday, April
s. were held at 1 p m. Monday,
April ., at Pilgrim Rest Baptist
church. Rev Joseph Jackson, pas
tor. officiated
Mr. Lewis was native OF Des
Moines. Ia. He came TO Mime
apolis when a child and had lived
here since that time, He had been
IN for about year prior to his
death He was a member OF Pill
grim Rest Baptist church and a
veteran OF World War l.
Survivors include three daugh-
ters, Myrtle Sparrow, Seizure Al
exander and Elaine Corbray; three
sons, Clarence. Leon and Donald
Lewis, II grandchildren. all OF
Minneapolis and other relatives.
Burial was In TT Smelling Ma
tional cemetery with Woodland
Funeral Home in charge Of the
service
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-04-13
ZION BAPTIST

Rev. Stanley King brought the
morning message which served to
enlighten and strengthen. His sub
ject was, Christian Soldier,
Scripture was taken from Romans
7:14-23 and Bphes. 6:11-17.
Rev. King emphasized that as
Christians and followers of Christ,
we are engaged in a battle against
the forces of evil. Many times we
have a desire to do good, but evil
is always present; therefore, we
must put on the whole armour OF
God in order that we may be able
to stand the wiles of the devil.
The Senior Choir and Young
Peoples Choir furnished the mus
ic. Rev. King and Willie B. Hale
were soloists.
Adam Battles, James Hopkins,
June Belfield, Celeste Kays, Mary
Emery, Anais Robinson, Herman
Lewis, Emilee Few united with
the church on Christian expert
ence. Mary Taylor and Clara Sud
duth united, candidates for bap-
tism.
At the evening service, Rev.
Joseph /. Chapman Of the Baptist
Union, showed films of his trip to
the World Baptist Alliance held in
London, last summer and of his
visit TO the Holy Land, which was
very interesting.
Visitors for the day were Mr..
and Mrs. James Wilson, Miss Ca
Uterine Woodland, Glen Heron, all
of Minneapolis.
Our sick and shut-ins are Mrs
Catherine Anderson, Rosetta Rit-
chic, and Minnie Cunningham
Others are improving. Remember
all sick and shut-ins with pray
ers, cards and visits.
Zion extends deepest sympathy
to Tommie Coles and family in
the loss of his mother and brother
in Chicago, III.
Sunday School Sunday morn
ings at $3.50 a. m. Glasses for al
ages. BTU Sunday evenings al
$50 D. m. Christian training and
prayer meeting services Wednes-
day 7:30 p. m. Start now and at.
tend all services and form the
habit. You'll receive strength.
You are always welcome al
Zion.--Mrs. Cynthia Westbrooks
reporter.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-04-13
RITES HELD FOR
ELMER BRIDGES

Final rites were held for Elmer
Bridges, formerly Of 425 K. 80 st.
at 10 a. m. Saturday, April at
Woodlands Funeral Chapel Rev.
G. w. Mcconnell officiated with
burial in Crystal Lake cemetery
Mr., Bridges had been in IN
health since July Of this year and
was a patient in the Cornelius
Nursing Home, He was taken
critically IN Wednesday morning,
April 4, and died In the ambulance
enroute to the hospital
A native of Junction City,
Kansa he had been resident OF
Minneapolis for 30 years.
He Is survived by three step
sons. Ray and Herman Thompson
OF Minneapolis and Robert Thomp.
son of Topeka, Kans.
Woodland Funeral Home was in
charge OF arrangements,
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-04-13
Twin City
" Church N eWs

Auditorium. Minnesota hasn't had
a general conference since 1912.
Ali groups of this great church
will be represented. Plan to attend
and see how. your church func-
tons. Youth Day is May 5th. Bor-
der has a fine representation to
attend. Outstanding church peo-
pie from all over the World win
be on hand.
General Conference Hour OF
Evangelism will be held at Wesley
Methodist church at Marquette
and Grant. Theme. Christ is the
Life" outstanding speakers each
evening at p. m. from April "A
thru %.
For further information see
Rev. Sexton, Hardy White or
Harry Davis.
In closing do you agree? Don't
stay away from church because IL
Is not perfect. How lonely you
would feel in a perfect church,
Harry Davis, reporter.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-04-13
400" Troin Porter
Dies In Sfotion
Ar End OF Run

willis w. Bradshaw. AIS South
18th Az. haywood. Ill, died Mon
day evening. April 9. IN the Great
Northern Railway station Mr..
Bradshaw. a porter in charge on
Chicago Northwestern's passenger
train. the 400. had just ahghted
from the train and walked into the
station. when he collapsed and
died suddenly.
He was a former resident Of
Minneapolis and had lived here
until three years ago when he
moved TO Haywood lie was a ma
tive Of Memphis. Tenn, and a
veteran Of World War /.
He Is survived by his wife,
Dovie. who came TO the city TO
make funeral arrangements.
The remains lay In state at the
Woodland Funeral Chapel from ~
noon. until $50 p. m. on Wednes-
day. April IL. The body was ship
ped Wednesday evening TO the
Metropolitan Funeral Home in
Chicago.
Woodland Funeral Home was in
charge OF the service.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-04-13
NEW ST. PAUL CHURCH

The new Christ Temple church,
at 9s3 w. Central Av., win be
open TO the public Sunday. April
IS, at 3 p. m. Bishop David John
son of Superior, Wis. will deliver
the opening sermon.
A program Of music and special
songs win be presented.
The order Of service for the day
viii begin with Sunday school at
9:45 a. m; morning worship ser
vice at 11:45 a. m; Young peo-
pies meeting at 7 p. m. and reg
ular evening service at 8 p. m.
Weekly meeting will be held on
Tuesdays and Thursdays at 8 p
m.
Elder f. Erwin is pastor.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-04-13
Question Of lndion
Center In Mpls.
Symposium Subject

A symposium on the feasibility
Of an Indian center for Minneapo-
lis viii be the feature Of a lunch
con meeting of the Joint Commit
tee for Equal Opportunity at the
downtown YMCA Tuesday, April
H. at IL noon.
Mrs. Clifford Fabianke, chair
man of a special study committee
win present the results of ques-
tionnaires which her committee
has sent to existing Indian CEN
tiers in other cities.
Research and education of the
public, are part of our program of
promoting equality Of opportunity
for people OF all races and relig-
ions. Our study Of Indian centers
is made effectively, for the pur-
pose of clarifying community OPP
inion. and does not imply action
by JCEO or its member organiza-
tons All persons who are inter
ested in Indian affairs are invited
to attend the luncheon"
Such questions as budget and
finanning, sponsorship, staff, pro
gram and services offered will bt
included. There win also be re,
port on questionnaires which hav,
been sent out locally to Mime,
apolis Indians asking their opin'
ion on whether there Is a need fol
an Indian center here.
Representatives OF Indian or,
CARNATIONS will give their view
points on this question as part OF
the program. A discussion perioC
will follow.
In announcing the program
Mrs. Charles b. Odds, chairman o.
the Joint Committee for Equa
Opportunity, stated: This lunch
con is the elimination OF our yea
study of the problems OF Mime
apolis Indians.
Luncheon reservations must b
made by Saturday, April IA, witt
Mrs. Per Larson. PA. 9-5S41; Mrs
David Berninghausen, PA. 4-60Ol
or Miss Agnes Hatch. HY. 2497.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-04-13

3. WE INTEND 10 continue q
teach our children that this nation
is a great free republic Of law and
order, with a system Of govern.
ment "of the people. by the people
and for the people and any per
son who disobeys the laws Of tho
land and teaches others 10 do 80.
is declared enemy Of this nation.
and is working for It's overthrow,
sss
| 4. WE INTEND to participate
in the total cultural life Of the
nation, both for personal growth
and development, and for the fur
ther progress Of the country IT.
self.
8. WE INTEND always. 10
cherish and 70 give thanks for
those natural endowments and
special gifts that have made our
race great; and pledge all Of our
talents and resources In the build
ing OF a better social order and a
more democratic world.
8. In spite Of the doctrine Of the
acgregationists, we shall always
believe that the basic quality OF
real distinction, IL chacacter not
color; and the stature OF a person
In determined by the power Of his
mind. the purity Of his heart. and
the highest possible dedication Of
his life.
7. VIE INTEND TO CRUSADE
against all the evils In our society
that are designed TO poison crea-
tive human relationships. and TO
crush the constructive growth OF
human personality. and 10 fight
against the false doctrine which
claims that some men are by or
igin, birth and nature. superior TO
others
s. While we shah recognize a
need for the patience that ac-
companies growth. WE INTEND
at all times 10 reject that doctrine
OF gradualism which implies that
tho established laws OF the land
should be gradually applied.
9. WE INTEND to take every
legal step 10 employ every con-
structive measure. and TO coop
crate with every group of loyal
Americans in the struggle TO pre-
serve all OF the nations ideals go
10. with love for our nation,
goodwill towards all, utter devo-
ton 10 the Federal Constitution.
and undying faith In God: WE
INTEND 10 continue our struggle
for the complete victory OF free
dom ON every front. and the pre-
servation OF the soul OF the ma
tion whatever the cost. And II we
are slain by the forces OF oppres-
sion before our high purpose is
achieved: we pray that we shall
sleep under the shadows OF the
flag that we love, and that our
flowing blood shall help 10 wash
from the nations life, every blot
Of shame: and our bleached bones
shall help fertilixe our hallowed
soil for those who come after us.
and our sacred dust shall be a
silent testimony and a lasting
memorial to our eternal quest for
justice, peace and goodwill