davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-30

lax with his family each time
new crisis developed.
But once the crisis breaks Egypt's
strong man is back in the saddle,
working 20 hours daily, seeking
advice and information from all
quarters and finally making the
big decisions himself.
Nerves of Steel
Egyptians say Mr.. Nasser has
"nerves of Steel" and that these
represent their most reliable weap-
on in the conflict over the Suez
Canal. They say his nerves brought
him to victory over King Farouk,
helped him through the sharp bar
gaining that led to the evacuation
of the British army from the Suez
Canal base. helped him through the
long political struggle to victory
over his popular army rival, Maj.
Gen. Mohamed Naguib, and
brought him through the bitter
border troubles with Israel last
winter when less patient man
might have been lured into throw
ing premature punch.
Mr.. Nasser's patience fits the
role he chose for himself in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-30
By DANIEL NJ. herman

At noon tomorrow the archaic
chant of court crier will open a
new term for one of the most
controversial Supreme Courts in
the Nations history
Most of the controversy which
surrounds the court arises, of
course, from the 1854 decision bar
ring racial segregation in public
schools. Strangely, that decision,
which was unanimous, is also re-
sponsible for a popular misconcep-
ton about the court-that it is a
monolithic structure of which one
can either approve or disapprove.
The fact is, the unanimity of the
segregation vote was unusual; very
few of the courts important &C.
tons win the approval of all nine
justices. On most subjects, there
are deep differences, and these diff
ferences are what make the courts
actions interesting.
The courts divisions do not fol-
low party lines. Justices are ex-
pected to drop their political affilia-
tons when they don the judicial
robe, and some take this admoni-
ton to heart so well that they begin
to sound like negations of their
former selves.
An example is Justice Sherman
Minton, whose retirement takes eff
feet in two weeks. AS Democratic
Senator, Justice Minton was a
Roosevelt stalwart who fought hard
to purge the Supreme Court of its
conservative majority. On the
court, however, he became a con-
sentative, generally hostile to the
cause of labor unions and deaf to
the complaints of political dis
senters. Justice Stanley Reeds
case is similar. A New Deal solicit
tor general. he eventually became a
spokesman for the same general
political philosophy that Justice
Minton represents.
Warren Is Exomple, Too
On the other side of the political
renee Is Chief Justice Earl Warren.
When he took his seat on the court,
observers did not pay too much
attention to the liberal record he
had established as Governor of
California. The general assump-
ton was that a Republican Chief
Justice would make the court more.
conservative than it had been.
The opposite proved true. Chief
Justice Warren emerged as an
articulate progressive, far to the,
left of his Democrats predecessor,
Fred Vinson. who had been named
by President Harry S. Truman.
Only two of Mr.. Humans APP
pointees-Justices Tom Clark and
Harold Burton-wil remain on the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-30
Continued From Page AIS

OOnJlHucu rEOm EdBC AGO
IAN outrageous SANDER" intended
to divert attention from the stu
alton Egypt itself has created"
Mr.. Dulles took two opportuni-
ties last week to paint a black pic
ture of Egyptian economy, warning
it must remain that way if Mr.
Nasser refuses to recognize the in
Independence of nations.
On Sunday he told a television
press conference Mr. Nasser has
scared away prospective spenders.
Wednesday he elaborated on the
theme at another meeting with re-
porters.
War is still a possibility, Mr.
Dulles said. II don't think you can
expect to go on forever asking ma
lions not to resort to force" 1t
was he who drew Britain and
France back from the brink Of war
by talking them out of the original
impulse to shoot their way through
the canal.
Mr.. Dulles advised patience
Egypt cannot get away with" the
seizure Of the canal. he said. He
said she win automatically suffer
economic reverses that will persuade
her into a reasonable settlement.
Mr.. Nasser's finances are hardly
rosy at the moment. Less than two
weeks ago Egypt borrowed SIS mil
lion from the International None
tary Fund. the limit it could take
under the funds rules. to help pay
for wheat and other necessities. And
not long before that she borrowed
$40 million from Saudi Arabia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-30
A QUIZ ON THE COURT

How much do know about the Supreme quiz
Congressional Quarterly help you Having
read Mr. Bemans article which contains Of answers
should at least IL Of the 16 points
Page A-28.
Justice Mnon has he will retire
Of Ill health For two points, you tell Justice
Mnton is from and b which President appointed him the
In the courts 16year history many men would you guess
have served on its bench: ta H. b &c., c los? Zone point
In addition to Justice Anton many of the other eight
justices the you point each?
three points you year school segregation
decision handed down. the
decision and tc) who wrote the courts opinion?
false provides the Supreme Court
shall comprise one Chief Justice and eight associate justices point
Only nine times the history Senate rejected
nomination bench last time his happened was (a 1895
(b) 1880; (cJ 1R40 lone pointJ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-30

what Justices Black and Douglas
observe, although all four are
focusing on the same words: Con
gress shall makelno law :. abridg-
ing the freedom of speech. -
Justices Black and Douglas say
this means that the right to speak
freely can never be curbed. Justices
Minton and Reed believe that the
right is not absolute: circumstances
must be taken into account.
Some of the Issues
On many other issues, too, there
is sharp disagreement. Here are
a few questions due to be decided
soon and the way some of the
justices have lined up previously
on related cases:
. Aliens-In the case of RoUoldt
Us PerJetto, the question will con-
Germ the constitutionality of law
empowering the Government to
deport aliens who used to be menu
beers of the Communist Party. In
the past. four justices Warren,
Black, Douglas and Frankfurter--
have been especially sensitive to
claims by aliens that they were
being treated unfairly, although
Justice Frankfurter hardly ever
will declare a law unconstitutional.
Justices Reed and Burton usually
have sided with the Government
in alien cases. Justice Clark's rec
ord on this point is mixed. and
Justice Harlan has not served long
enough to make his position fully
sltar on alien issues.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-30
By DAVID KooNCE

The new agricultural soil bank
program last week was shaping up
as political Issue within an is
sue" as Adlai Stevenson and other
Democrats charged that the Eisen-
hover administration is using the
program to buy farm votes.
Senator w. Kerr Scott. Democrat
OF North Carolina. said that the
administration was making "a po-
litical slush fund" out of the plan,
under which a farmer is paid by
the Government for taking sur
s-producing crops out of pro-
duction. Mr.. Stevenson did not de-
tail his charges, but Democratic
farm experts working on his cam
paign have brought back stories
from the Midwest farm country
which they claim prove maladmin-
istration in the program.
Republicans maintain that the
program, into which 1851 million
is being put this year. is a realistic
approach to the problem of reduce
ing agricultural SURPRISES. But Of
flcials of the Republican Party re-
fer all requests for rebuttal of
Democratic charges to the Agricul-
ture Department. Here are some
of the charges and the Depart
ment's answers: -
. Democrats report that farmers
in western Iowa who failed to get
a stand of corn this year because
of drought have collected full cover
age under Federal crop insurance.
and then signed up some of the
same parched cortland under the.
soil bank. This way. they are paid
twice by Uncle Sam for the same
crop.
Reed Pond, of the Agriculture
Departments Soil Bank division.
comedies that such double in
demnity payment is possible, but
says that lit isn't intended that
this be done" He compared the
practice to an automobile owner
who collects damages on two insur-
ance policies for one accident.
. The Democrats say some farmers
who did not cultivate their land in
1855, have placed the already-idle
fields in the soil bank, receiving
payments as high as $1,000.
Mr.. Pond says that, under the
law enacted last spring, this is i'm
possible. Another department Of
fetal says that whenever such prac-
tees are uncovered, payments will
be held up.
. The Democrats say that many
Midwest farmers are taking advan-
tage of the fact that soil bank
payments on corn are computed on
a formula called the base acreage"
rather than on actual acreage allot-
mentS. Base acreage is the average
of the past five years planted acre
age, which is always larger than
the allotments, since so many COM
mercial corn growers fail to stay
within their allotmentS. Thus, a
farmer whose base acreage is 100
acres and whose allotment is rs
acres, may plant IS acres and put
the remaining Is acres in the soil
bank. He then would be partici-
pating in the soil bank, which is
designed to cut production, even
though he is planting above his
allotment and, perhaps, ALI he in
tended to plant originally.
The Agriculture Department con-
cedes that this is possible, but
points out that such a farmer
might have planted the full 100
acres if he had chosen. OF course,
there is no way to determine in
such case whether the soil bank
payment actually prevented produc-
ton, unless one knows the intent
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-30
Arab Nations Quietly Apply Squeeze
10 Israeli Economy From Many Sides

ishing degree as tourists think up
ways to circumvent the Arab edict.
Investment-Foreign firms which
invest in Israel are banned from
Arab nations. The Arabs have
now even taken to checking boards
of directors. with a view, appar-
emily, to avoiding business with
firms dominated or associated with
non-Israeli Jews.
International cO-OperatiOn-Or-
CARNATIONS like the World Health
Organization and locust control
bodies, working on malaria control
find their Middle East work ham
pered because they also operate in
Israel. The United Nations affiliate
is usually discreet enough to avoid
hiring Jews to work on technical
assistance programs in Arab ma
tons.
Exporters to IsraeI-Many foreign
firms who sell to Israel are told they
will be cut off from their Arab
markets if they continue sales to
Israel. Exporters of both heavy
hard goods and soft goods are being
threatened. it is reported.
Many Are Hurt
Effects of this kind of activity are
obvious. Economically, the expan-
sion Of both Israel and the Arab
worlds is retarded, and some out
side economic interests are hurt.
The United States bill for foreign
aid is commensurately increased,
since many of these Impoverished
lands are on Americas handout list.
Injury is done to the peoples of
the Middle East, both Arab and
1sraeli-their health and living
standards are kept depressed. Po-
litically, these continuous points of
friction keep old animosities alive
and reduce the chances for a gen.
eral settlement in Asia Minor.
These same criticisms might be
applied, of course. to the economic
sanctions which the West has been
considering for application against
Egypt-and to the embargo against
Red China, perhaps. A serious cur
tailment of traffic through the Suez
Canal, it was found. would have
severe repercussions in other Arab
states, in Asia and in Western
Europe.
Recently. some Arab states have
raised their sights and openly
Disseminated against all Jews,
whether Israelis or not. Saudi
Arabia, for instance. has banned
American Jews from serving on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-30
BY EARL H. vOSS


One of the quiet phases Of the
far-from quiescent Arab-Israel con-
flict is the economic squeeze which
the Arabs have been trying to APP
ply to Israel.
The outside world hears remark
ably little about it, even today
when Egypt's naturalization of
the Suez Canal Co. puts a new
spotlight on her long standing ban
on Israeli shipping in the waterway.
Israel doesn't like to talk of the
squeeze. because she feels any loud
complaints might be taken by the
Arabs as encouragement to ex-
tend it.
Nor are the Arabs eager to publi-
CHE any discriminatory practices
right now. while Egyptian Presi-
dent Canal Abdel Nasser is trying
to prove he can keep the Suez
Canal open to all without discrimi-
nation.
The effects of the economic
squeeze. both political and eco
nomic, are being felt far away from
the Middle East focal point. They
are not disastrous for any one, APP
parently, but they are, at the
least, first-class nuisance.
Where the moral blame, if any,
lies is a matter which will have to
await some future judgment.
Fields Of Pressure
The Arab League countries
Egypt. Saudi Arabia, Yemen. Iraq,
Jordan, Syria and Lebanon-are
now reported to have set up CO.
ordinating committee to tighten
their economic blockades and other
forms of the squeeze. Here are a
few examples OF the fields in which
the pressure is being felt:
Air traffic--Airlines which land
in Israel or do business with her
are threatened with Punishment
from all Arab countries. One
Scandinavian airline and the Brit
ish Overseas Always Corp. stopped
their services to the Orient through
Israel. The Scandinavian line still
flies into Israel. BOAC does not.
Planes of non-co-operating airlines
are threatened with denial of
ground contact and weather in
formation when over Arab coun-
tries. and even with antiaircraft
fire.
Shipping-Some 90 individual
ships have been banned from Arab
Mediterranean ports because they
called at Haifa, the Israeli port.
Ships with cargo known to be
bound for Israel are also halted
in the Suez Canal. This practice,
it will be recalled. was permitted
even when the old Universal Suez
Canal Co. ran the waterway.
Pipelines-Syria, Lebanon and
Iraq have cut off the flow of oil
through the Iraq to Haifa pipeline.
The Haifa refinery works at only
SIS per cent capacity with oil
brought from abroad.
TOurism-Tourists with visas for
Israel in their passports are denied
permission to travel across or into
Arab countries. This, of course,
Injuries both Arab and Israel tour
list industries, but to an ever-dimin-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-30

. COmmunists-In Scales Us. u. S.
and Lighttoot Us. U. S., the Court
will have to decide whether to
strike down section of the Smith
Act authorizing punishment for
membership in the Communist
Party. Justices Black and Douglas
have in the past taken dim view
of the Smith Act generally, while
Justices Reed, Burton and Frank
furter upheld the act when an
other of its provisions was chal-
lenged five years ago. Justices
Warren, Clark and Harlan were
not involved in the 1851 case.
. MOnOpOIy--In U. S. Us. Du Pont.
the Government charges Illegal
monopolization by du Pont and
General Motors. Only three JUS
Warren, Black, and Douglas
have in the past been tough in
applying the antitrust laws.
. Congressional committees - In
Watkins US. U. s., the House Com
mittee on Un-American Activities
is accused Of exceeding it's author
ity by citing witness for con-
tempt. The witness claims that
the Congressman were not engaged
in a legitimate legislative investi-
cation. In previous cases, six JUS
tices-Warren, Black, Douglas,
Frankfurter, Clark and Burton
have often voted to clip the wings
Of congressional committees. Only
Justice Reed has consistently re-
jected the complaints Of witnesses
that committees had trespassed on
their rights.
Block Gets on Ally
On many issues presented to the
court, Chief Justice Warrens posi-
ton has conceded with that Of
Justices Black and Douglas. gen.
orally considered the courts liberal
nucleus. This similarity Of view
point has become increasingly evi-
dent with the passage Of time.
During Chief Justice Warren's first
year on the court, he agreed with
only one-third Of Justice Blacks
dissents. The following year the
figure had risen TO almost one-half,
and in the courts last term the
Chief Justice subscribed to IL Of
Justice Blacks IA dissenting opin-
ions.
Concerning segregation, however,
there has been no disagreement on
the court. Scheduled to be decided
this year is the question Of whether
South Cardinals EMBELLISHMENTS
Law" is an attempt TO eyade the
courts 1854 decision on migrated
schools. Another case concerns
Virginia's desire to lease It's public
parks to private interests in order
to continue operating them on a
segregated basis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-30
BY WILTON WYNN

CAIRO.--A black veil weighted
with silver coins and jewelry hid
the old shepherd woman's face but
her eyes must have shone as she
looked across the ditch Of water
toward Sinai and lifted a scrawny
hand to count the ships that
passed.
When the 10th and last ship of
the convoy had passed in the Suez
Canal the old woman cried out:
Long live Canal Abdel Nasser!"
While her goats nibbled at cactus
and desert shrubs on the canal
bank the old woman in black was
enjoying the sight Of a multimillion
dollar property that she now called
her own. Thanks to Canal Abdel
Nasser the Suez Canal now be-
longed to Egypt. Every ship that
went through could mean money
in the bank for Egypt and better
lives for Egyptians.
On the bridges of ships that
passed, weary Egyptian pilots
gripped the wheels as they worked
14-hour shifts.
Navigation must not STOP" they
said. I'VE will keep it going for
Canal"
To Egyptians today the phrase
"the ships must go through the
canal" has become as dramatic as
S'the mail must go through" in the
Old West. They have embarked on
great national venture to prove
to the world that the Egyptians
can operate a technical enterprise.
On the same afternoon the old
woman counted the ships the man
who had taken over the canal for
the Egyptians showed up at a
movie in Alexandria with his wife
and five children.
They were walking down the aisle
to their seats before they were
recognized. A spontaneous shout
Walsh CANAL" dong live GamaD
split the air.
1t was several minutes before
the crowd permitted the president
OF Egypt to settle down to watch
Marilyn Monroe on the screen.
Ever since he nationalized the
Suez Canal Co. July 26, Mr.. Nassel
has Travelled to Alexandria to re.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-30
an Businessmen by Saudi Arobion firms.

United States Air Force bases in
her territory.
How can the snowballing squeeze
be stopped?
One school Of thought, to which
Israelis, British and French belong,
advocates get-tough policy.
They have found that those who
refuse to give in to the Arab threats
usually wind up not being penalized.
Some airlines, for instance, ignored
Arab warnings and now use Arab
facilities they were supposed to
have been denied.
Ships which call at Alexandria.
Haifa and Beirut were unimpressed
by Arab threats. They still have
their businesses today. For many
of them. calls at all three ports
are important to break even. When
Arab leaders understood this, it is
said, the pressure subsidized
When U M was premier of
Burma he laid out an itinerary
which called for visits to both
Israel and Egypt. Israel issued an
invitation and he accepted. Egypt
sent word that if, U M insisted on
going to Jerusalem. Cairo was not
interested in seeing him.
But U NJ stood by his earlier
commitment to go to Israel. And
Egypt finally changed its mind.
U M was then unable to go to
Cairo.
Backbone Was Locking
Diplomatic sources in Washing
ton now point out sadly that a
little more backbone little earlier
might have forestalled the current
Suez ruckus.
Secretary of State Dulles adj
mitted bit ruefully on a television
appearance last Sunday that the
1851 sanctions" which the United
Nations had called for against
Egypt for stopping Israeli shipping
in Suez were not effectively carried
out. Now, he hopes, public opinion
is in better state to deal with
threats to passage through the Suez
waterway.
If the world had taken more head
when Egypt made her first move
against Israeli shipping, some diplo-
mats here believe, President Nasser
might have come to understand
earlier he could not get away with
it."
Now the fear among these diplo-
mats is. of course, that Egypt will
be allowed to get away with even
more, leading to larger and larger
mtimidations by the Arabs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-30

young assassin at a party.
The 60-year-old president had
been reported improving, but at
midnight Friday his condition took
turn downward.
Under Nicaraguan law, Mr.. So
moza's 34-year-old son Luis succeeds
to the presidency. Luis was made
acting president the day before his
father. died. Another son, named
for the father, commands Mica
ragua's army.
The assassin was Rigoberto
Lopez Perez, q. journalist and
typesetter. President Somoza's
bodyguards killed him seconds
after he emptied his revolver.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-30
Around
The World

In Poznan. Poland, two trials
opened Thursday with a great show
Of fair play in the courtroom. In
one courtroom three young men
were defendants. In another 1tne
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-30
Somozo Dies
OfWounds

President Anastasio Somoza, Nj
caragua's top figure for 20 years.
died yesterday Of bullet wounds
inflicted eight days earlier BY Z
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-30
Attempt in Korea

In Seoul, Chang Myun. President
Syngman Rhee's vice president,
and Mr.. Rhee's outspoken critic,
escaped from an assassination at
tempt.
I Mr.. Chang received a single
bullet through the hand Friday as
he finished an address before his
Democratic Party. the party OPP
posing President Rhee.
Mr. Chang, better known as John
Chang when he was his country's
Ambassador here, had been warned
only the day before to stop criticiz-
ing the government. The Rhee-
dominated National Assembly
passed the warning along by a
vote Of SO to s. Mr.. Chang won
the vice presidency by defeating
Mr.. Rhee's running mate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-01
WHERE
AND WHEN
Current Theater Attractions
and Time Of Showing

Stage
Catholic University - Ham
let: $50 pm.
National - Kabuki Dancers:
1880 and $3.50 pm.
Shubert-"Kismet"; 2::30 and
$50 pm.
Screen
Ambassador Helen OF Troy:
/, 3:05. $40. 7::20 and $3.50 pm.
Capitol-"Bottom of the Bot
tle":: l1:45 am. 1:45. 3:45, 5:45,
7:45 and 9:45 pm.
CoIony--'Marty';; $3.50. $40.
and $3.50 pm.
Columbia - Texas Lady;
11:45 am. las. 3:45, 5:45. 7:45,
and 9:45 pm.
Disqualification 1880
an. 1880. $3.50. $50. 7::35 and
$40 pm.
keith's - Guys and Dolls;
1920 am. 2. 4:40. 7:l5 and 9:55
pm.
Little-"The Best Years of Our
Lives: 2:15. $50 and 8:45 pm
MacArthur-"The Night My
Number Came Up; Cos. 7:55
and $50 pm.
Metropolitan - Helen OF
Troy: 1880 am, 2:05. ABS
ITO and 9:45 pm.
Ontario-"The Man With the
Golden Arm; /. $40, 5:25. TAO
and $50 pm.
PaIace-"Ransom";; IL am.
1905. 3:l5. 5:25, 7:35 and Gas
Playhouse-"All That Heaven
Allows: l1:15 am. l.. PAS. 4:30
$40. sos and 9:55 pm.
Probabilities Outlaw; IL
1:40. 800, sos. 6:45. $3.50 and
1910 pm.
Trans-Lux-"Wages Of Fear;
11:15 am. 100, 3:25, $50, 7:35
and $40 pm.
Warner-"Cinerama Holiday;
2 and $3.50 pm.