davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23

The 1856 political campaign, still
In its early rounds, last week had
become a bout in which the hay
makers-real or imagined-were
being delivered in kid gloves in
stead of the customary mail fists.
So far. the attacks and counter
attacks have been tough, but not
rough the campaigners have been
hitting hard but above the belt.
Neither of the adversary parties
seems to have found single line
of attack. The issues being thrown
about were both old and new, rang
ing from Alger Hiss and hog prices
to hydrogen bomb tests and the
draft. The pitch for ballots was
being directed at just about every
economic group except the mil
lionaires.
Compared to past campaigns. the
appeal was on a high and digni-
fed level. Not since Harry Truman
made his reference to illegal rack
eteers" more than a month ago
has there been heard any OF the
old-time political invective.
President Eisenhower appeared
to be taking a cue from the 1852
Adlai Stevenson in urging Repub-
lican campaigners to stick to the
truth. talk sense, and avoid exag-
gerations. Vice President Nixon,
taxing off on the campaign high
road, promised that, as Mr.. Eisen-
hower's personal agent, he'd be just
as lofty as the rest.
Meanwhile, Mr.. Stevenson, 1925
pride of the eggheads, has been
carefully tailoring his approach to
please the widely divergent tastes
of both the wardheeler and the in
tellectual theorist.
For the intelligentsia Mr.. Steven
son promised some heavy reading.
He announced that he will release
his blueprint for a New America"
in weekly installments ranging
from 5000 to 10000 words. 1t may
be that, as some Democratic
strategists claim, the eggheads have
no place else to go. But they now
have, at least, assurance they are
not being forgotten in the new Ste
venson's drive for votes.
And for the man in the street.
Mr.. Stevenson had some plain talk,
easily understood. A sample:
"When the Republican Party
hears the word economics it sees
stocks and bonds. When the DEM
ocratic Party hears the word eco
nomics,' it sees men and women
and children"
1t may be that the era Of good
feeling cannot continue for the 43
days remaining in the campaign.
The loudest bangs usually come
near the end. Benign tolerance
between the parties has tendency
to dampen political passions; poll
ticians bore their listeners first and
then themselves. 1t is at this point
that the pallor may be replaced
by philippics.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23

ficiency Of the veterans who have
left. He assumes that all the new
men. including the Russians, have
the requisite skills of ships master
before they come.
Fourth, there is the narrowness
of the canal itself. It leaves little
room for maneuver. Wind drifts
and tides are peculiarly powerful
in the relatively narrow ditch.
Sandstorms not Z only blind the
pilot. they carry his ship on crazy
courses. Vectoring ships with vary
ing rudder reactions and power
through the canal is very different.
Capt. Beale says, from sailing in
the open sea.
The peak season for fogs has
just started. 1t will last through
November, Capt. Beale says
Then the winds will start, bring
ing desert sandstorms with them.
They will grow in intensity until
they hit their peak in February
and March.
III tne Egyptian canal company
tries to maintain a record Of 40 to
As ship passages a day the over
worked pilots can't last more than
two weeks, Capt. Beale believes.
If traffic is cut to Is or Is ships a
day Egypt may get by with her
pilots. But the revenues will dwin-
dle-or the tolls will have to 20 up.
Egypt is in a spot. Capt. Beale
believes. Most Of the Egyptian
pilots ne has Just left know it.
he says.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
Drastic Step
In Virginia

Virginia State legislators from
rural areas last week put the Com
monwealth in the position of virtual
defiance of the United States Su-
preme Court. The General Assembly,
over the objections of urban area
legislators. enacted the Stanley
anti-integration plan, which would
deny State school funds to any
school system that becomes inte-
grated-whether by choice or by
court order. (See article by Alex
Preston on Page A-280
An attempt to include a local
option arrangement was defeated.
The amendment would have per-
mitted communities to choose either
the Stanley fund-withholding plan
or a pupil assignment program.
Enactment of the Stanley plan
placed the school systems of Airing
ton County and Charlottesville in a
difficult position. Charlottesville
has been ordered to integrate this
month, although a stay has been
granted pending an appeal to the
United States Circuit Court Of
Appeals. Arlington is under order
to integrate its grade schools by
January 81, 1857, and its high
schools by next September /.
Many of the opponents of the
Stanley plan were convinced that
it could not survive Federal Court
tests. and that its enactment will
only hasten Statewide desegregation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
Hiss Issue Again

The moldy Hiss issue, like that
persistent ghost in Macbeth, re-
fused to take a powder, despite
the fact that no less a parsonage
than Richard Nixon last week
dismissed the case as an issue in
this campaign.
Mr.. Stevenson, who had been
pressed by various Republicans to
repudiate Harry Humans state
ment indicating that the former
President did not believe Hiss was
a spy, told newsmen that he had
said in 1852: e. have never
doubted the verdict of the jury
which convicted him." He added
that ''if what 1 said four years
ago places me in disagreement with
what President Truman says now,
that is where the record must lie
must, rest"
This was on Monday. But two
days later and after Mr.. Nixon
had ruled out the issue, House
Minority Leader Charles Halleck.
in a TV debate with Majority
Leader Mccormick, brought the
matter up again. He was booed
by the studio audience and dropped
the subject.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
Pilot Tells Why the Suez Trip Is Tough

f1ys. All-Greek or all-Italian or
all-Scandinavian crews are thing
of the past. Shiplnasters now go
to sea with what they can get.
Indignation is a well-establiShed
principle at sea.
Weather Hozords
Second, there is the weather. Fog
and sand storms are the principle
hazards. Their principle effect is
to reduce visibility to zero. It takes
years to master the ship manipula-
tons which these conditions re-
quire. Radar, when ships have it,
is only a help. not a panacea.
Capt. Beale recalls one convoy
trip in which the pilot ahead of
him gave up and tied up to the
shore. The report Capt. Beale got
from the Ismailia control station
radio. relaying the preceding cap
tain's communication, indicated the
vessel was making fast to the right
bank. He had no radar aboard.
Capt Beale decided his ship could
easily pass on the left at that point.
He signalled he would pass.
Visibility was zero. AS he was
about to come abreast Of the tied
up ship. Capt. Beale learned to his
CONSERVATION that the captain
ahead had made a fundamental
mistake. He was not tied to the
right bank, but to the left.
There was no time for delibera-
ton. Capt. Beale could either try
to dodge MS way through anyway,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
A Way Out?

The Suez crisis has pointed up
the Vests need for another route
to Mideast oil. The pickering with
Mr.. Nasser is driving him closer
to Russias arms. Another canal
may be required some day. Until
then, it is possible to move oil via
the Cape Of Good Hope. That
would bleed Mr.. Nasser's economy.
already shaky. But 1t would bruise
Europe's, too.
The United States had mothball
tankers being readied for service
last week. Oilmen said they could
ship from our reserves to replace
Europe's deficits before European
reserve stocks we're depleted.
But United States oil costs more
than oil in the Red Sea or Medi-
terranean (see map. Even if the
Export Import Bank financed the
deal. Europe would find its oil much
costlier.
Should the oil be transported all
the way around the cape tsee map,
expenses would Jump, delivery
would be slowed, and Europe would
still be seriously crippled.
Gasoline might be rationed in
Europe Some British newspapers
thumped for quick rationing, to
show the world the Old Lion meant
business.
Prices Of petroleum and its re-
lated products would rise sharply
in Britain and probably slightly IN
this country. Since shipping costs
around the cape would have TO be
passed TO consumers. tin. wool,
rubber and other cargoes from Asia
would cost more.
Egypt would be squeezed from
several directions. Its big Garner Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
The Honesty Issue

AT Newton on Friday Mr.. Essen
hover observed good-naturedly that
many of you here will not agree
with me. and some possibly will
think ! am little bit crazy, but
l am quite sure none of you will
think that I am not honest"
These remarks followed a tack
the Republicans have been taking
of late: To assure the voters of the
absurdity of charges that the PreSi-
dent is dishonest and even a track
eteer." These proteStations seem
intended to dull the charges of
corruption" which Mr.. Stevenson
and other Democrats have aimed.
not at Mr.. Eisenhower personally,
but rather at some Of his past and
present aides. The Republicans
apparently feel that if voters de-
eide the President is being sub
jected to unmerciful personal at
tack they will react with outrage
against the Democrats.
More in the tradition than some
OF the campaign activities is the
familiar game of semantics in
which a candidate makes a some
what liberal Interpretation of
statements of his opponent and
then Indignantly questions the
mans good sense. This keeps the
opposition busy clarifying its posi-
ton. Both Mr.. Eisenhower and
Mr.. Stevenson have played this
game.
The President in a television
address Wednesday night said, with
a touch of anger in his voice:
I'VE connot prove wise and strong
by any such simple device as suspend
ing, uniloterolIy, our H-bomb tests. -.
The wise future use and control Of otomie
power con be assured, not by any theot-
ricoI national gesture, but only by ex-
pIiet ond supervised international oeree-
ments."
But Mr.. Stevenson had not sug-
gested any such "unilateral" Sus-
pension of the tests. Here is what
he said last April 81 on the subject:
~ believe we should give prompt and
eornest consideration TO stopping fur
ther tests of the hydrogen bomb, os
Commissioner Murray Of the Atomic
Energy Commission recently proposed.
-. OF course, ! would call upon other
notions to follow our lead, and il they
don't and persist in further tests, we will
know obout it and we con reconsider
our policy"
And for his part, on Thursday
evening in Silver Spring, Mr.. Ste
venson assailed Mr.. Eisenhower'S
indifference" to the plight of
school children and blamed the
Republicans for the failure of a
Federal aid school construction bill.
He neglected to mention that the
bill was doomed by an amendment
written by a Democrat, Repre-
sentative Adam Clayton Powell of
New York.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23

or he could try to stop before ram
ming. He chose a quick turn to
the starboard.
At his slow speed. the rudder
had only a puny effect. So Capt.
Beale speeded up his ship and the
resultant portward swerve just
saved her from collision.
The world never heard about that
close call. It was routine. But
similar routine decisions, confront
ing weary Egyptian pilots, cannot
but drag down their efficiency, in
Capt. Beale's opinion.
Winds create drifts and currents
in the canal which can be offset
only by proceeding at increased
speed. That increases the hazards
Some of the big tankers can't be
stopped in four miles, Capt. Beale
says. Slowing down gives the wind
a chance to take over.
Third. there is the great variety
in individual ships. Passenger lin
ers, giant tankers. small tankers.
tramp steamers, all manner Of ships
from 5000 tons to 10000 tons
empty and loaded-ply the water
way.
Years Of Background
A pilots familiarity with all kinds
takes years TO acquire. 1t is here
that short time experience on the
canal becomes extremely dangerous.
Capt. Beale estimates it will take
two years before the new pilots
now coming on win reach the pro-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
The Users Plan

6rlClSn Erltue MlIllSLeT A0JuOIly
Eden recalled Parliament on Sep
TENDER IL and at that meeting
sprang the idea of a formal users
association. If Egypt interfered
with the association in the canal.
"Her Majesty's Government and
others would be free to take further
steps through the United Nations
or by other means :"
Laborites said he was talking
about war. Cairo rumbled that the
users association was designed to
bring warfare. Mr.. Dulles put out
the fire by announcing the United
States was not going to shoot its
way through Suez.
Secretary of State Dulles had a
tough time last week overcoming
opposition to his newest version of
the users plan, even though it APP
parently was backed up by money
for boycott.
Italy, Sweden, Denmark and Nor
way indicated they wanted to hurry
to the United Nations. The Vests
Big Three opposed a U. N. appeal
so quickly, and were backed by Aus
tralia, New Zealand and West Ger
many. Pakistan, apprehensive over
Cairo's feeling toward the users
plan, didn't like it.
Mr.. Dulles put feeling into his
plea or unity among the 18 nations.
If they, the ones most interested
in the canals freedom, could not
stick together. how could the U. N.
settle the problem?
Observers got the idea he and
the French and British wanted to
remain away from the U. N. until
the users association was ready for
business. Then, if the Egyptians
didn't fall on their faces-by block
ing the canal through inept pilot
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
The Light Touches

The "high-level" campaign so
far has not been without it's enter
tanning touches. Republican Ma
tional Chairman Leonard Hall,
speaking to a Republican Club in
New York, said that "Adlai Steven
son talks about poverty when the
country is enjoying the greatest
prosperity in its history. The only
sign of poverty we see these days
is when Mr.. Stevenson wears a
shoe with hole in it,"
For the Democrats, Clayton
Fritchey, Mr.. Stevenson's press
aide, remarked wryly that he
thought it Significant" that Mr..
Eisenhower felt it necessary to re-
mind his campaigners ito tell the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23

announced it wouldn't give a dam.
London said it wouldn't, either.
His dream smashed, Col. Nasser
took over the canal, hitherto an
international waterway, and ma
tionalized the company that had
operated it.
The United States, Britain and
France convened a meeting of %
nations in London. From it came
a proposal to create an interna-
tional canal board. The board
would be responsible for operating
and developing the Suez. Prime
Minister Robert Menzies of Aus
tralia led a f1ve-nation mission to
Cairo to lay the plan before Mr..
Nasser. The mission failed.
Mr.. Menzies and Mr.. Nasser were
poles apart on two vital issues
sovereignty and freedom of passage.
1t was obvious neither side
trusted the other.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23

truth" And in Woodville, N. Y.
Republican speaker, mindful of
@. Q. P. losses in Maine, held up
an Eisenhower jacket from World
War II and pointed out that lit
has absolutely no coattails what
Soever."
AT this point in the campaign no
responsible political analyst was
putting any predictions into writ
ing for all to see, Most were agreed
that anything can happen between
now and November 6. A poor
choice of words from a candidate, a
worsening international situation,
an unexpected scandal uncovered,
or political leader offended by a
candidate could decide the election.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
Massachusetts, Primary

After Maine. it was perhaps anti
climactic, but Massachusetts DEM
ocrats on Tuesday came out for
their primary in such great num-
bers as to further hearten party
leaders at both the State and ma
tional levels.
Foster Furcolo won the nominal
ton for Governor with the highest
vote ever polled by a Democratic
gubernatorial candidate in the
State. Registered Democrats in
Massachusetts outnumber registered
Republicans by about $4,000, but
there are a million "unaffiliated"
voters being ardently wooed by both
parties.
The primaries could hardly be
regarded as a test of Democratic
VS.. Republican strength, for the
G. o. P. candidates for Statewide
Offices had no primary opposition.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
How 1t Began

The canal crisis was launched
July 26, when Col. Nasser, high
riding strongman in a nationalist
rage. grabbed the Suez to spite the
West.
For months he had been playing
the great powers eff against one
another. The West had been CIV
ing him concessions and funds out
of concern for their bases and the
Middle East OIL The United States
and Britain had even offered to
finance the Aswan high dam on
the Nile, a vast irrigation project.
But Col. Nasser continued playing
footsie with Russia, repeatedly en-
gaging in intrigues over the Vests
oil rights in the Arab countries.
On July Is Washington abruptly
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
Chinese Claim Strength

The Chinese Communist Party
held its Eighth Congress this past
week in Peiping. Red China's De-
Tense Minister Dragged TO it that
the nations air force no longer vas
weak
Anastas I. Mikoyan, first deputy
premier from Moscow, gave tho
Party Congress the most grandilo-
quent pledge. He said the Soviet
Union would take Communist China
all the way from the boondocks Of
technology to the very peak Of
science. all in one grand jump.
Comrade Mikoyan promised China
could skip the intermediate stage.
and pass from chronological back
wardness directly 70 the highest
chronological level up 70 the zenith
Of the highest scientific and tech
meal advancement"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23

foreign money is cotton. If the
United States dumped its surplus
cotton on the world market, Egypt
would suffer.
Suez tolls represent potential
500 million year to Mr.. Nasser's
government. An about boycott
would strip him of that. However,
it appears that some nations would
prefer to use his canal rather than
boycott it,
Egypt may be growing closer to
the Kremlin during the current
crisis, but she still depends for
nearly half her trade on the West.
She needs the business, especially
since the Anglo-French freeze has
tied up nearly $3.50 million in Egyp-
tan assets abroad.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
REVIEW OF THE WEEK
Suez: Search for Cure

The Suez Canal crisis. diplomacy's
fiercest current migraine. Friday
entered a two-week lull in which
diplomats can nibble aspirin and
hope for some more permanent
relief.
At the 18-nation London confer
ence last week. Secretary of State
Dulles persuaded a majority he had
pill that would work. 1t was
something called the Suez Canal
Users Association.
The Dulles proposal got a less
than enthusiastic reception. There
didn't seem to be anybody who be-
lieved it was a sure cure. Now
everyone, including President Ga
NAL Abdel Nasser of Egypt, who
precipitated the crisis by taking over
the canal. has time to weigh the
plan. Mr.. NasSer's approval OF its
soft, foggy outlines could lift Rim
off the hook on which he has
draped himself and clear the way
for new negotiations on the canals
control.
France, which wanted drastic
action, baked at first at swallow
ing the Dulles prescription. Britons
took the medicine, but made face.
Both are going along, however.
Mr.. Dulles returned here yester-
day displaying apparent satisfac-
ton over his success as a global
moderating influence. He could at
least point to delay in a show
down over supervision of the canal.
Great Britain and France, who had
marched almost daily to the brink
of war, were well back from the
precipice. and Mr.. Dulles could
claim the credit.
He could also feel proud of keep
ing the Is nations in some SEM
blance of unity, cheering indica-
ton they will continue sticking
together in the future. He set their
feet on the path to a long-range
solution by peaceful methods, and
got them mostly agreed on what
to do next.
But Mr.. Dulles is long way from
being able to put aside the Suez
question.
The United States may attempt
to force ships sailing under the
American flag to take the long
route around Africa. That would
cost shippers thousands of dollars
a day. If the ships do use the
canal, the West would want tolls
paid to the users union, or into
an account blocked to Egypt. How
could Mr.. Dulles stop ship owners
from transferring to flags and reg
isteries of nations not in the users
group, which would let their skip
pers continue to use the canal and
pay toll to Egypt?
When Mr.. Dulles left Washington
Tuesday for London, he was sup
posed to be carrying a promise to
bankroll a boycott of the Suez in
the event Egypt refused to CO.
operate with the users plan.
Such boycott would have kept
ships out of Egypt'S precious ditch
and sailing instead around the Cape
of Coco Hope on the tip of Africa.
That would leave Mr.. Nasser with
non-prof1t trench in the ground.
But it would pinch Europe as we'll.
and Egypt's Arab friends. And it
would be horribly expensive for
the United States. BY the end of
the week. the boycott plan was
repeatedly ;unked-at least by the
United States. If it really is out
of consideration. the West has
given up a powerful potential
weapon against Mr.. Nasser.
The users plan-and the Suez
crisis geAerally-seems certain to
wind up soon in the laps of
the United Nations. Whether the
U. N. will be able to work out
solution is still a question.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-23
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Gentle Campaigners

farmer is to be kept happy through
election day in November.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-18
January CLEARANCE
MEMS FURNISHINGS

SAFE preferred Raleigh quality No mail bhons COD.
orders please Items subjee prior sale; all sales tsal
Brokes eoiorS and sizes each group.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-18

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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-18
lz0-$5 to $50 FINE SHIRTS
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-18

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