davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01
Shortage of Scientists

The critical nature of the shortage
Of scientists and engineers in the Federal
service is evidenced by the urgent tone
OF the recommendations just made to
President Eisenhower by his Interdepart-
mental Committee on Scientific Research
and Development. The committee, find
Ing that PARKWAY measures to remedy
the shortage have not been enough, has
proposed sweeping upgrading of pay
Tor such technical experts-and in all
civil service grades.
The presidential advisory group has
watched with increasing concern the
continuing exodus of Government physi-
cists, chemists, engineers, mathemati-
clans, statiSticians and other specialists
into private industry. The reason is
obvious in comparison of salaries paid
to such specialists in Grades to II of
the civil service with salaries available in
private fields of research and develop
ment. Many Federal scientists and others
engaged on important defense projects
have found they can earn several times
as much on the outside.
Recently the Civil Service Commits
oAOAAS oNVAAAS AAAACA 0uOA1O1Aby VI OOIlSICoSs
lifted pay scales for technicians in Grades
to 7 to the top pay possible in each
grade. The plan was designed partic-
ularly to aid in recruiting college grad
yates for Government careers. But the
committee found that unless there was a
like upgrading clear to the top, the Gov
eminent would be in danger of losing
more of its key personnel. Whether the
raises that would be possible under this
plan would be sufficient to check the
designations now worrying Federal agen-
cies is uncertain, however There still
would be considerable margin between
Federal and private pay scales for COM
parable scientific jobs. This is problem
that, in the end, Congress may have to
deal with when it considers pay-raise
proposals at the next session.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01

~
The recent recrudescence of
the heretical doctrines of
interposition and notification
by several Southern State leg
islatures, seeking to evade and
circumvent the consequences
of the Supreme Court de-
cision in the school desegrega-
ton cases, is reminiscent of
John c. Calhoun's theory that
the State governments could
veto the enforcement within
their borders Of national acts
deemed by them to be un-
constitutional.
Such legislative maneuvers
are a nostalgia echo of an
theology that received its
intellectual coup de grace from
Daniel Webster in his cele-
brated Second Reply TO Hayne,
and that was demolished when
the Civil War destroyed the
alleged right Of secession.
Webster's historic warning
that State resistance to the
execution Of a Federal law
was tantamount to revolution
could as well be addressed to
Southern politicians today.
He said:
THE people have preserved
this. their own chosen Consti-
tuition, for forty years, and
have seen their happiness.
prosperity and renown grow
with its growth and strengthen
with its strength. They are
now. generally. strongly at
tached to it. Overthrow by
direct assault 1t cannot be:
evaded. undermined. nullified
It viii not be If we. and those
who shall succeed us here, as
agents and representatives OF
the people, shall conscien-
tiously and yigilantly discharge
the two great branches Of our
public trust faithfully to pre-
serve and wisely to administer
1t
The exponents Of the ide-
ology Of States rights, as ex-
pressed in the current third
party movement by that name
and in the futile gestures Of
Southern State legislatures.
are fighting a losing battle
against the growing centrali-
zation OF American govern
ment and administration and
the long-run centripetal forces
prevalent IN American econ
omy and society. Under our
Federal system the United
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01
GOV. Stonley's Plan

Fundamentally, Gov. STAN
ley's plan strikes at the root
of the troubles and difficulties
which have steadily grown for
the property owner in Virginia
and the business entrepreneur
who must depend on an ample
supply of cheap labor. This
whole business of making edu-
cation available to all classes
of children, white or colored,
regardless Of the social and
financial status of their par
ents, or the position in life
for which they were born, has
resulted in vast numbers of
young people going to high
school and even to college who
should have left school after
the primary grades and en-
gagged in some laudable man
ual work. 1t has been clear
for some years that this un-
warranted insiStence on mass
education has placed a heavy
burden on the real property
owner since he cannot escape
taxes and. at the same time. it
has steadily diminished the
supplies of "heWers of wood
and drawers of water" which
We must have to maintain any
sort of profitable operation.
1t is realized that our sci
entistS are struggling to re-
place these necessary manual
laborers with atoms, but it
would be much less expensive
for the taxpayer to maintain
the supply of labor rather
than to spend billions on atoms
to replace it.
This is the real significance
Of Gov. Stanley's plan because
the private tuition money
cannot be granted to the in
dividual pupil on the basis of
a means test and, therefore.
rich and poor alike will receive
the same amount per child.
On this basis. probably so per
cent Of our white families will
have to remove their children
from the schools at the grade
level. At the same time, the
Federal and State tax money
spent for school lunches, buses
and other frills will be saved.
This would again set in mo-
ton the sound economic cycle
upon which the prosperity of
Virginia must be maintained.
Real Old Reactionary.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Comeros to Study AuroroI Phenomena
BY THOMAS r. HENRY

Continuous observation of
two Of the weirdest geophysi-
cal phenomena Of the Arctic
the aurora borealis and the
"afterglow' constitute a
significant part of this coun-
try's international Geophysi-
cal Year program in the Far
North.
A network Of cameras de-
signed to photograph the en-
tire sky will be set up with
stations at Point Barrow, on
the Arctic coast of Alaska, at
the University Of Alaska and
four other Alaskan sites, at
Thule in Greenland and on
drifting station on the Arctic
ice pack.
These cameras can be set to
operate once a minute. Actu-
ally, throughout the year. pic
lures will be taken only four
times an hour but the one-a-
minute schedule will be taken
up when auroral displays are
especially active and on vari-
GUS pre-arranged days for
worldwide observation. All
this " IL be co-ordinated with
similar activities in the Ant
arctic.
To Study Northern Lights
Visual observations will pro-
vide an important supplement
to the all-sky camera photo
graphs. These will be con-
cerned especially with the
varying forms taken by the
northern lights. 1t is of spe-
cial importance to outline the
outer and inner auroral zones.
All the observations will be
co-ordinated with variations
in magnetic disturbances and
radio blackoutS in other parts
Of the earth. 1t is expected
that similar observations will
be made by other nations with
Arctic stations operated during
the Geophysical Year program.
The phenomenon still is not
entirely understood. The gen.
orally accepted explanation is
that streams of electrically
charged particles, probably
electrons and protons, are shot
from the flaming surface of the
sun with a velocity a little less
than that of light. These par
ticles are believed to be pulled
toward the north and south
magnetic poles of the earth,
striking the extremenly tenu-
Gus outer atmosphere which
may extend as much as 1000
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01
Rights and Wronos

For several years in this
country, and to a lesser extent
abroad, there has been great
agitation about civil rights"
for minority groups, culminat-
ing here in the present ex-
plosive situation. This agi-
tation was not generated with
in the problem, but by liberal
theoreticians far removed from
it, seeking to force the adop-
ton Of an abstract theory of
equality which exists nowhere
in nature. Then the politi-
clans. quick to realize that
"thar's votes in them thar
hills" took up the cry.
In all this clamor one would
have to look long and deep to
find one word about civil
duties, civil obligations, civil
responsibilities. Everything
must be done for the individ-
ual, nothing by him. Every
thing coming in, nothing going
out. they tell him. 1t is the
great political dope racket Of
our times. and it has its mil
lions Of addicts.
Similarly, there has been a
great Juror about the right of
DIFFERENTIATION" for small
nations, and ''anticolonial-
ism" has become a holy cause
in large areas Of the world.
Do these groups and nations
have the maturity. the self
discipline, the sense Of respon-
sibility. the awareness of the
consequences of their actions,
which would justify extending
to them the liberties which
they have been prompted to
demand? No one ever bothers
to inquire. They are just
turned loose to become q men,
ace to society at large.
In areas other than the po-
htical we practice more COM
mon sense. We do not permit
our juveniles to drive automo-
biles Just because they would
like to do so. We do not pro-
vide our small-fry marshals
and desperadoes with real guns
and live ammunition for their
games, so that they can ter
rorize the neighborhood. We
deprive minors Of their right"
to buy and consume intoxicat-
ing beverages, and place them
under many other legal dis
abilities. These restraints are
universally approved Except
by those upon whom they are
effective), as being in the best
interest Of the immature. as
well as Of the whole society.
But we do not hesitate to
equip immature and undisci-
plined nations with the means
and the power 10 do incalcu-
liable harm. both 10 themselves
and to others. Witness Egypt,
Indonesia, Cyprus, Algeria,
Israel.
Stated broadly, the question
Is: Should rewards be earned
before they are distributed. or
should they be distributed be-
fore they are earned? The
difference between our politi-
cal answer and our practice In
everyday Affairs Is startling.
c. Glenn WhItIoek.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01

miles above the planets sur.
face. There the streams COLI
Tide with atoms and molecules
of the atmosphere. stripping
OF outer electrons and causing
light-producing states.
Indications are that the
greatest auroral activity is as
ISOLATED with sunspots and
magnetic disturbances, but
this is not completely estab-
lished. A sunSpot is believed
to be q titanic cyclone in the
suns atmosphere, which
throws out extraordinarily
powerful streams of particles.
The precise nature of these
particles Is unknown. When
the streams strike the atmos-
phere they produce the char
acteristic auroral lumines-
cence, the chief elements Of
which appear to be oxygen
and nitrogen, since the whit
ish-green light produced is
such as can be duplicated by
test-tube experiments in the
laboratory with these elements.
Not Visible by Day
The auroral phenomenon is
not visible during daylight,
when the sky is overcast, or in
bright moonlight. Bombard-
ment of the earth's atmos-
phere by the solar particles
usually brings almost complete
disruption of world radio
communications over high
frequency bands, probably due
to disruption of the electrified
layers in the atmosphere from
which the radio waves ordi-
narily are echoed.
The auroral zone usually Is
described as a circle Of Is de-
greeS radius around the poles.
The altitude is variously esti-
mated at from so to $50 miles
above the planets surface.
From the behavior Of the lights
there have been many deduc-
lions concerning the earth's
high atmosphere. In the zone
Of maximum auroral frequen-
cy many forms have been OBJ
served in the displays, such a.
curtains, bands, arches, rays
or searchlights. nebulae, seq
mentS and fans.
Radar probing techniques
have been developed by which,
it is hoped, it will be possible
to deduce much of what goes
on in the region where the in
coming solar particles strike
the atmospheric atoms.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01

and another on the way then
put four bullets into her
spouse as he lay sleeping. Just
a little crime among the gals.
~ &l#
"Well, I took the bat and
put it in my garage, with q
few pieces Of shredded beef
and a shallow fiat bowl Of
water.
Next morning, the meat and
water were untouched.
1.-THE bat was gone!
Il searched that place high
and low. with a fiashIight, and
could find no trace Of it.
Il am hoping that it made
a clean getaway, and is cling
ing to high limb somewhere,
getting over its shock.
What do you think?"
\ -
The small common brown
bat is pretty hardy.
1t can go for a long time
without food.
In winter it often hangs it.
self to an underside Of some
house construction, and there
goes through the winter.
One Of these creatures is able
to get through a crack in an
attic, and take up safe quarters
there during the cold.
Nature takes care of her
own, after her peculiar FASH
ion.
This is more easily seen in
Grand Paw. the roaming white
cat, terror Of the feline neigh
borhood.
He comes up for his morning
salmon with the most terrible
wounds, suffered in combat
auA AlS LLlC ulBuC.
One time an ear is ripped,
another an eye. Still a third
morning he appeared with q
series Of deep scratches, as If
he met up with a buzz saw.
All Of these wounds, and
many more, healed in record
time. although Grand Paw is
extremely dirty. and has no
antiseptic treatment except his
own saliva.
Any Of these wounds. in an
animal hospital would have
taken a week TO cure, and $40,
thank you.
Grand Paw knows a better
way.
Let nature do IT," he meows,
and nature does 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01

Since the beginning of the
present school year, the num-
Der one item of news in this
country has been the school
integration crisis. Our news
papers and magazines have
been overlooking with articles
concerning mob violence in
certain communities in the
South. We have seen pictures
Of arrogant. angry mobs lin
ing the entrances to schools
in Kentucky, jeering Negro
students who attempt to enter.
We have seen pictures Of in
solent mobSters in Tennessee,
surrounding cars which con-
tanned Negro occupants. A
magazine contains a picture of
a hooting mob in Texas, block
ing two young Negroes at
tempting to enter college. We
read moving editorials, filled
with righteous indignation, de-
nouncing such action. Displays
Of this type are disgusting to
all decent people, and rightly
so.
Recently, ] have noticed two
interesting accounts in the
newspaper. One Germs
the Ohio Consolidated Tele-
phone Co. strike in Ohio where
slashings Of cables, stonings Of
exchanges and attacks on
supervisors have occurred. The
other concerns the Swift Co.
meat packing strike in Chi
cago where angry mobs
stopped buses. surrounded cars
and threatened people enter
ing the plant. After reading
these two reports / recalled a
never ending Kohler Co.
plumbing manufacturing strike
in Wisconsin where organized
terror and lawlessness have
occurred; a certain Republic
Aviation strike in Long Island
where workers attempting to
enter the plant were bounced
on and beaten by striking
mobs, and a Westinghouse
Electric strike in Sharon. Pa.
where the cars OF nonstriking
workers were overturned and
damaged at the company gates
by unruly labor rufians.
In these outbreaks Of labor
violence, / have noticed rela-
lively little news coverage,
have read but few editorials
denouncing such action and
have found few people in
famed with righteous indig-
nation about it. This strikes
me as rather strange and pa
thetic. To me the interference
with a mans right to work is
Just as revolving as the inter-
ference with a child's right TO
attend school. Maybe. Walter
Reuther can explain the diff
ference?
John Z. Wilson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01
Indian Summer

Just ,1hen the door to summer
Seems shut tight,
And autumn sets the scene
With bold delight,
With riot hues.
With brflliaHce everyiDheTe
Adore the hoDeyiHo chm
OF crystal air.
Then something lifts the latch
And. NTH a smile.
Summer slips back
For Just a ptqadnt i0hiie.
leon Msrsord
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

Nature takes care of her
own very well. thank you.
The latest is bats.
Another suburban dweller
comes across with his own
personal bat story. Writing
from Chevy Chase, M. L. says:
Il took a healthy swipe at a
bat one evening not long ago,
and had the sudden satisfac-
ton of knocking it to the floor.
my triumph was short
lived.
Maybe l am not made of
stern enough stuff for this
criminal age.
Anyway, the moment I
floored the creature, a regret
went through me, intensified
when the felled thing made a
noise.
Il couldn't tell whether it
was anger or weeping.
THE tiny pink mouth
opened, and the nice eyes
moved, and the sound struck
contrition to my heart.
&&&
II envy these hardy souls
who can kill with ease If
necessary.
Many years ago ! read an
article by a man; evidently
Of pioneer stock, who said
that as a child his mother
made him wiring the necks of
chickens.
He hated it, he said, but
he did it, and as he got older.
he felt that perhaps 1t was a
good lesson, that in some
situations in life one ought to
be able to kill.
We'll. maybe.
IT still have never gotten
myself into that philosophical
mood.
Il am stubbornly prou, of
the fact that ! am M a
killer.
Il think there is alto
gether too much killing as it
is. and If you don't believe
me, get a stack Of the latest
detective story magazines and
look them over. You will be
amazed.
Here is the story of a
housewife who brought in the
neighboring ladies on each side
Of her. and asked their help
in numbering her husband. All
three conspired to get a gun.
and the lady with six children
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01

cording to investigators, could have been
averted by careful driving, better me-
chanical maintenance of cars or improved
road engineering. 1t will be the task of
the Columbia researchers to analyze traf-
f1c accidents with a view to putting the
blame where it belongs. The findings
should be helpful in guiding police, engi-
neers and safety experts in waging their
battle to make the highways safer for all.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01

A. There are great differ
ences in the dialects Of diff
ferent groups Of Eskimos. The
basic construction Of all these
is the same. and the language
can be reduced TO grammati-
cal rules. The vocabulary "a
a limited one, but the Eskimos
simply combine existing words
TO make a new one when they
need a name for some new
object or idea. They also bor-
row words from the other peo-
pie with whom they come In
contact.
Q. What percentage OF
house trailers are bought by
retired people?-M. Z. q.
A. In 1855 the industry es-
timated that some 10 per cent
Of total trailer home sales
we're being made 10 retired
couples. but the percentage
Is growing rapidly. Construe-
ton workers make up about
two-thirds Of mobile home
owners: servicemen make up
about 20 per cent.
-
@ When my name Ia spelled
wrong on q check how do ]
indorse ITO. d.
A. Indorse II FIRST the ex-
act way II Is written on the
face Of the check. Under
meath this Enforcement write
your correct signature.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01
LETTERS TO THE STAR.

Pen names may Be used u
letters carry ,Oriters' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject TO conden-
sGtion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01

@. How long have razors
been used?-R. r.
A. Tweezers or blades TO
pull. scrape or saw of the
beard have been used for
many hundreds Of years. Ar
chaeologists date at about
500 B. c. the earIist type Of
razor thus far dug up. The
earliest written record Of
shaving is Ia the Bible--in
Ezekiel V:l-mentioning a
BARRIERS razor. Early razors
were made from stones. shells.
and metals. The iirst blades
which could hold an edge
we're produced in the mid
1700s, after discovery Of the
crucible process Of steel max
ing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01

Q. DO the States help pay
for the national school-luneh
program?--M. o.
A. Yes. State agencies must
contribute So for each 81 Of
Federal funds. These are paid
out on the basis Of the num-
Der Of children between the
ages Of 5 and IL. inclusive. and
the need for assistance In the
State as indicated by the rela-
ton OF that States per capita
income 70 the national per
capita income.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS


0 81
ne Evsnna Sst iniorma.n suan 1900 ES' 81 WashnStoD
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01

Q. DO all Eskimos speak the
same ianguage7-W. c.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01
.NostoIqic Echo

Real Old ReactiOnary.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-01
Mans Right to Work

George L. Roberts
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-10

lKampov wrote. THE words Of
plain Americans did not dare
tell us out loud what we found
lin letters and notes tucked into
baskets Of fruit and bouquets
|of flowers delivered to oul
rooms"
Note From Factory Girl
The writer said one girl in q
Phoenix, Ariz.. garment factory
Slipped into bis pocket a note
which said: "Comradesl We hear
Ia lot Of malicious lies about you
but we do not believe them. We
girls Of this factory want peace
and shall fight for peace. and
peace means to be friends with
the Soviet Union. Greetings to
Moscow. Peace. peace, peace!'
In Phoenix, Nicholas Dragon
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-10

brothers whom they have to
support, thus depriving them
selves Of family life"
(There aren't many airline
stewardesses in the Soviet
Union and those are by no
means comely. Their figures
apparently has nothing to
do with the choice. They
work for the most part only
on the runs which transport
foreigners.)
Boris Polevoi-Kampov Of
Pravda had o cloak-and-
dagger tale. He wrote In the
Communist Party paper that
during his trip American
workers would slip notes to
him and the other Soviet visi-
tors, bewailing the fate of
Americans.
THAT is obviously why W
hardly heard a single SINGER
outspoken word" Mr.. Polevoi
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-10
Gold Coast Getting
Modern Bakeries

Although the African Gold
Coast additionally is not q
bread-eating country. it is get
ting its first modern bakeries.
Accra reports. For generations,
bread has been baked In small
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-10
ADVERTISEMENT.
The miracle
Of your muscles

When your baby toddles across
the floor, or even when you
scratch your nose, a chain of
muscular reactions Is set of, 20
complicated it battles scientists.
January Readers Digest
shows why we are what our
muscles make us-sick or well,
poppy or droopy. and suggests
what you can do to keep your
muscles functioning well.
GetJanuaryR Reader Digest:
80 articles of lasting interest,
including the best from leading
magazines and current books,
condensed to save your time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-10

essays seemed to reflect q steady
swing away from the favorable
tone toward the United States
the journalists adopted imme-
diately after then return to
the u. S. s. r.
Marriage Barred"
Here's what Anatoly Sofronov
Of the weekly magazine Ogonyok
wrote about American steward
esseS in the current issue of his
publication:
Difficult is the life of Amer
lean stewardesses. In accordance
with the terms Of airlines, they
have no right to get married.
lnasmuch as that would spoil
their figures. Stewardesses are
unusually nice and comedy girls
others are not taken.
During our flights in Amer
lea, they always took q lively
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-10

Arizona CLIO representative who
accompanied Mr.. Polevoi-Kam-
Ipov on his trip through Race
Apparel, Inc. termed the story
of the note nonsense and fan
taStic."
Il was standing right by him
all the time and ! never saw
anyone slip him anything" Mr.,
dragon said.