davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-18
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
crop-reduction soil-bank pro-
gram.
Democratic strategy on this
issue, with all its political impli-
cations. hasn't come into the
open yet,
Hit by Democrats
The Democratic National Com
mittee. meanwhile, has distrib-
uted to Democratic Legislators
and farm group leaders a memo
randum prepared by its research
division claiming the Presidents
action to raise support prices adj
ministratively violate the prin-
ciple upon which he vetoed the
farm bill.
Saying the veto message sis
based on the principle that high
price supports stimulate produc-
ton and create SURPRISES" the
memorandum adds:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-18
BY GOULD LINCOLN

President Eisenhower stands
today committed to lead the Re-
publican Party in a crusade for
people and principles"
Speaking last night to 800
party leaders from every corner
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-19

of their colonial policy, were torn
between the dangers Of "too little
and too late" and too much and
too SOON" They took a chance and
promised independence within the
commonwealth If Mr.. Nkrumah
gained a reasonable majority" in
the elections last month.
Petition to the Queen
Following what appears to have
been popular mandate. Mr.. Nkru-
nah on August won the support
of his party for a parliamentary
petition to Queen Elizabeth II for
his country's independence. A for
NAL celebration of freedom is ex-
pected no later than March, 1857.
On that day the Union Jack will
be lowered in Accra and in its place
the flag Of the new nation "0hana"
will be raised. Ghana Is an ancient
name for the area.
One of the problems facing Mr..
Nkrumah win be the migration
into a democratic political system
of the members Of the autarchic
tribes who. along with their chief
tains and witch doctors may prefer
old-fashioned ways. The Prime
Minister will have to ind some way
to permit free expressions Of polit-
ical beliefs among the grass roots
of the tribal followers and to dis
courage political activities by the
tribal heads.
He will also face some strong OPP
position in the upper regions Of
the country. He favors strong
central government. He believes
this best in a nation about the size
of one Of the larger American
States with a population Of only a
little more than 4 million Africans.
The outlying regions believe local
governments should have greater
autonomy.
In this respect the problem is not
dissimilar to that which confronted
the founding fathers Of this
country.
In the economic field the leader
has all the problems Of an under
developed country. His agriculture
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-19

sequence Of governmental edict but
I do not understand the decision Of
the Supreme Court of the United
States to require that abrupt q
change. I believe. moreover. that
had we devoted as much energy,
time and talent to discovering
means to live under the law instead
of in defiance Of it. we could have
discovered a way.
Il believe segregation is morally
wrong. The existence Of second
class citizens is repugnant to our
great democratic principles. :.
What has the effect been on
our economy?
I'VE have not provided equal but
separate educational facilities and
1 don't believe this Is possible. AS
q consequence Of the disparity In
educational facilities, we in the
South have had over the years q
large segment Of our population
which has been poorly educated.
The result has been that the living
standards Of all of US have been
pulled down. Our wage rates are
lower, our disease rates are higher.
Every facet Of our life has been
adversely affected by the artificial
barrier we have created and main
tanned.
81 predict that none Of the meas
ures passed or proposed will ac-
complish the result you seek. De-
spite the clever language employed,
the Supreme Court will surely see
through the bills and strike
them down."
Then the Storm
Then the storm broke. First came
an attempt by a Dade County
(Mianli) citizens group to have
Mr.. Orr unseated. The plea fell on
deaf ears. Many of his colleagues,
while differing Fundamentally with
his position, showed their respect
for him by defending his right to
take it. A move to have him read
out of the Democratic Party re-
ceived an equally. chilly reception.
But the attacks increased as Mr..
Orr acknowledged membership in
the NAACP.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-19
Plans Made for Handling
Possible Shutoff of Oil

"In the interest of mutual security
and to assist both governments to
discharge their obligations under
the United Nations Charter and
the North Atlantic Treaty it
is agreed :. that our two govern
ments shall cooperate in all re-
spects practicable, and to the ex-
tent of their respective executive
powers, to the end that the economic
efforts of the two countries be CO.
ordinated for the common defense
and that the production and re-
sources of both countries be used
for the best combined results"
This little-known agreement, in
effect since 1941, provides for shar-
ing raw materials, co-ordinating
rationing where necessary, exchang-
ing technical knowledge and pro-
ductive skills. removing trade bar
riers, and making special foreign.
exchange arrangements.
Stock Prices Soar
Since the Suez seizure by Egyp-
tian President Canal Abdel Nasser,
Canadian oil stocks have scared to
their highest level in history. Last
week the composite oil-stock aver
age stood at 1905, which is up rs
points or II per cent over last
month.
Under the Canadian-American
provisions for cooperation, it is
likely that in a Middle East oil
emergency the output from Cam
ada's Pacific Coast outlet in British
Columbia would be stepped UP, al
lowing United States Gulf produc-
ton to be diverted to Europe.
The Middle East Emergency Sup
ply Committee is now studying the
requirements of individual West
European countries, and how trans
portation idled by any Suez crisis
might be used to help bring oil
from the Western Hemisphere.
AS in World War II and the
Korean war, there are monopolistic
implications to the pooling of the
United States Is oil companies
facilities. Before the Middle East
Emergency Supply committee was
set up, therefore, ODM Director Ar
thur S. Flemming was careful to
obtain Justice Department approval.
Everything, therefore, is in read
mess. If Col. Nasser decides on the
act of supreme defiance and cuts of
Western Europe's oil supply. the
United States will be able to come
to the rescue.
But how the American oil COM
panies will be paid is something
still to be worked out. Dollars
aren't as scarce as they used to be
in Europe, but they soon would be
if Europe tried to buy some so per
cent of its oil supply from the dollar
area.
With Congress out of session
and unavailable for emergency aid
handoutS-the United States A.
nancial experts would be hard put
to invent a bookkeeping arrange
ment to cover the situation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-19
LONELY LEGISLATOR
F|orido's John B. Orr Stakes
Political Life on |ntegrotion

There now l. talk Of q write-in
campaign against him in the No
vember general election. His Re-
publican opponent, who had not
been conceded even an outside
chance, is talking segregation.
But Mr.. Orr sits in his Miami law
Office unrufiled. He has watched
political fortunes change since his
first election victory when he be-
came class president of his first
grade in elementary school.
Accustomed as he was to finding
himself on the unpopular side In
public debates on such issues as
slum clearance and national health
insurance, the decision to oppose
segregation laws on the House floor
required no soul searching.
It started taking shape when as
child he Stunned fables and fairy
tales in favor Of biographies Of
famous men. A favorite was a
two-volume work on the life of
Abraham Lincoln.
In the 1855 session of the Legis-
lature he had been one of three
lawmakers to oppose a memorial
to Congress asking for an amend
ment giving States power to main
tain segregation.
Even after that vote, Mr.. Orr
said, he was on excellent terms
with his House colleagues. The
same is true now, he says.
inherited Love Of Politics
The love Of politics he acquired
from his father. a Miami city COM
missioner and crusader for law
enforcement in wide-open boom
town, and his uncle, Alexander
Orr, one-time Miami mayor, does
not wilt before the threat Of defeat.
He has known defeat before
when he campaigned for Dan Nc
Carly in 1913, for former United
States Senator Claude Pepper in
1850 and for Adlai Stevenson in
1852.
In his once flles are more than
800 letters which have arrived since
his mo" votes in the Legislature.
Only Al are critical Of his stand.
WIN Mr.. Orr win his second term
to the Florida House Of Represent
atives In November? He believes
so, but, mixing realism with ideal
ism, he comedies that his position
on segregation and the attention it
attracted may defeat him. One de-
feat. however. does not end q politi-
cal career, he feels.
He admits that his chances for
victory in q Statewide election
are nil for the next several years.
But looking to the future he is
confident.
II think in the long haul I can
accomplish more this way. There
are many Floridans who feel as
I do who haven't yet spoken out.
I'm q few years people will find
I am right when schools are inte-
grated with none of the dire con-
sequences predicted by the rabble-
rousers. Our education and living
standards will be raised"
Meanwhile, Mr.. Orr has no idea
Of dropping out Of politics and looks
forward to taking his seat in the
1857 Legislature.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-19
OUT OF THE SOCIAL RUT
Grow Beard and Change Your Life

to work without shaving. No one
will notice. BY this strategy you
will have head start for the ordeal
on Monday morning.
On Monday morning carry an
academic book on the streetcar. Do
not make it law book. Everyone
else is law student A treatise on
existentialism would be appropri-
ate. But be sure to carry a con-
sentative newspaper. A man with
a four-day beard cannot be too
careful. At the Office be superior
and distant. Accept the collection
offered you to purchase razor blades.
Buy beer with it at lunchtime.
This is the testing time. You
have to learn to accept people not
only for what they are but for what
they think they are. Your dullest
colleagues, you find. think they are
wits. Treat them to your most
sardonic smile. II pressed for the
reason you are growing a beard.
raise your eyebrows, look down your
nose and say. II believe 1t will suit
me-" This is the only answer guar
anteed to stop them dead. You will
get through the day somehow. Don't
forget the book for the trip home.
Develop a foreign accent when
speaking to strangers. A French
accent is best. Most Americans be-
lieve any Frenchman is entitled to
decorate his face with whiskers.
And a Frenchman can't be UNI
American.
Whot You'll Foee
The sad fact is that the beard
grower can expect to be regarded
as not only eccentric, but also a
suspicious character, during the
early weeks when his whiskers are
only seedlings. / have been fol-
lowed obtrusively around bookstores
by owners who felt my appearance
justified caution TO preserve the
stock.
There Is. however. silver lining.
Children are universally delighted
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-19
Rx LOUIS K. MATHER

Are you in a social rut? Do you
pass unnoticed in the crowd? II
you're a man. there's no need for
despair Just grow a beard and your
problems will be solved.
But would beard suit you. you
ask. You must admit you've always
been curious about that. Why not
find out?
How do you do it? Just throw
away your razor and let the fun
begin. But before you start, here
are some words of advice from
veteran of three boards.
The Qualifications
First off. a beard is not to be
cultivated lightly, Some males.
while perfectly capable of produc-
ing the necessary whiskers, aren't
otherwise equipped for the project.
There are many, alas, who would
wind up deflantly bearded but
soured on all mankind.
The ideal beard-grower has
gift for brilliant repartee. sanity
tolerance. a philosophical approach
to life. and a sound muscular de-
velopment to get him out of emer-
gencies. Preferably. he should be
unmarried or in such an early
stage Of a friendly relationship
with a member of the fairer sex
that he still can take her or leave
her.
Instead OF admiring your sin
cere individuality. certain complete
strangers are going 70 eye your fer
tile chin with hostility. They may
become vocal about It. II you would
be inclined to tell them to act less
f. like peasants. maybe beard growing
Is not for you. AS a beard-raiser.
you are not only heavily outnum-
bered, but an easily identifable
target for organized hostility. But
II you think you can curb your ag-
eresSive feelings under ridicule. go
ahead.
Remember. the first six weeks are
the hardest. Your beard will, not
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-19

is . one crop economy. Cacao sup
plies more than one-half of the
world demand. But the market is
sensitive to price changes. Process
ing Is done outside the country.
Gold. bauxite, manganese, timber
and industrial diamonds are the
other chief exports.
Small iron deposits have been
found but there is no coal or oil
for power. Hope lies only in hydro
electric installations. A giant dam
is under consideration by ALUMNI
mum. Ltd. Of Canada, to build in
the Volta River. It will supply
100000 kilowatts Of electricity and
the dam 1t will back UP will serve
to irrigate agriculture in the Accra
area.
The government wants outside
capital and technical assistance and
promises every protection. Land
may not be held by whites but
leases may be acquired on a o.
year basis. It Is maintained that
restrictions on ownership win avoid
the troubles that plague Kenya
Colony where land acquisitions by
whites has caused discomfort.
In q land where literacy is no
more than 20 per cent, even in in
digenous languages, education is
fiourishing. The British have en-
couraged education in the United
Kingdom and in the United States.
There is university, many teach
ers' colleges and a great num-
Der OF elementary and secondary
schools.
The 200 students in the United
States are only one installment of
a continuing program. Some have
come on their own; others are
studying on scholarships offered by
the home government or by friends
in America.
They are all under the general
supervision of Mr.. Smart Abbey,
representing the Gold Coast. A
member Of the c. p. p, Mr.. Abbey
thinks the formula for independ-
ence in his own country will work
elsewhere.
IF independence comes without
violence" he says. 1T will influence
much Of Africa.
American Interest
In the United States the expert
ment is being closely followed by
oficials and by Negro groups. 1t
may be that deeply rooted cultural
ties unite those whose ancestors
were sold into slavery in Africa and
those working there for new life.
These ties we're exemplifled when
jazzmaster Louis "Satchmo" Arm
strong and his band played the
Gold Coast. A crowd Of 10000
greeted him at the airport. At his
last concert the whole country
turned out. Tribes from as far
away as French Equatorial Africa
attended.
As the New orleans Jazz waxed
hotter one chieftain could not re-
strain himself He leaped from his
litter Of skins laced between poles
and danced native ritual dance
on the perspiring shoulders Of his
tribesmen. And strangely, his ca
dence struck exactly the tempo Of
the band.
Here" bystander remarked,
history has run q full circle and
Jazz has come back TO It's home"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-19

by the sight of a beard. They are
Immediately friendly. They trust
a beard. Perhaps they associate
it with Santa Claus.
AS your beard assumes recog-
nizable proportions, you will find
that most of the men you know
will begin to accept it. The wise
comments will stop. There will even
be those who tell you they always
wanted to try one but never had
the courage.
Women, on the other hand, will
show extreme reactions to your
facial decoration.
Those who are near and dear to
you will deplore the experiment.
They unconsciously regard it as a
dangerous attention-getter which
might lead you astray.
Women who are mere acquaint-
ances will be either strongly for
or rabidly against. Those against
will ask, How could you grow such
a repulsive thing? Do you have a
weak chin to hide? think boards
are so dirty" You can only point
out that your beard gets washed
three or four times day. They
will not believe you. Those
who heartily approve will be
more difficult to handle. They
will come UP to you at parties and
loudly declsim. II think your beard
is so manly or. they may exclaim
admiringly. you look like a man
Of adventure" They are usually
accompanied by muscular escorts.
Just keep moving.
Eventually your distinguished APP
pearance will draw the attention OF
a charming girl who sees beyond
the beard and finds the real YOU
that dynamic. masculine person.
atty Of which the beard is only
a symbol. She just loves your beard,
and even helps you trim IL.
Beware OF her. Two years from
now she will be ordering you 10
shave II OF because It frightenl
the baby.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-19
By PERRY REYNOLDS

MIAMI.-His political opponents
are reading Q funeral Grafton for
State Representative John B. Orr.
jr. But the corpse won't lie still.
At SO, the opponents say, Mr..
Orr has bartered his political fu-
ture for an ideal. With the elections
scarcely three months away, he,
and he alone, voted to integrate
Florida's schools.
Nonsense, says Mr.. Orr in reply.
The voters have always known his
position on segregation. he insists,
yet twice in primary elections and
once in a general election they have
chosen him to represent them in
the Florida Legislature. Why should
they change their minds now?
Mr.. Orr found himself o lonely
minority Of one when the Florida
Legislature met in July to shore
up the threatened institution Of
segregated schools. Called into ses-
sion by moderate Gov. Leroy Col
Inns. the legislature was presented
with a neat package of bills de-
signed to circumvent the ruling of
the United States Supreme Court
ordering racial mixing in schools.
The legislators eagerly took on
their task, some of them grumbling
that Gov. Collins program did not
go far enough. Like a well-oiled
machine they began grinding out
laws to preserve Florida's way OF
life.
Lonely Stand
First came law to allow local
school boards to assign pupils to
schools on a basis of intellectual
ability, scholastic achievement and
sociological and psychological
factors" Mr.. Orr cast the lone
dissenting vote.
Again he stood alone as his fellow
lawmakers Numbered approval Of
bills to allow teachers to be hand
picked and to grant the Gov
ernor extraordinary police powers
and control over use of public facili-
ties. He was still alone during
passage of a resolution condemn
ing the Supreme Court for usurp-
ing the sovereign rights of States"
and urging Congress to initiate an
amendment to the Federal Con-
stitution clarifying the powers re-
served to the States.
He held his ground as the Legis-
lature appropriated $4,000 for an
investigation of the National As
ISOLATION for the Advancement OF
Colored People.
When the smoke had cleared
young Mr.. Orr rose on point OF
personal privilege to explain his
position:
IT appreciate and understand
how strongly many Of you feel
about the necessity of preserving
segregation even though it has
been declared to be violative Of our
basic law. I trust you will at
tempt to understand my position. /.
First, L favor the gradual inte-
grafton of our public school system.
In view of the fact that our custom
of segregation is one of long stand
ing, I realize that this cannot be
changed overnight as one con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-19
Gold Coast B|ozes Self Government Trail

It's social influences may even be
felt in the Union of South Africa,
where the suppression of the col
ored races causes worldwide con-
Germ
To understand the Gold Coast
and its fight for independence it
is necessary to know something
about Prime Minister Kwame Nkru-
NAH. At AZ he is the popular leader
of his Convention Peoples Party,
which controls II votes in the 104-
member Parliament.
Was Educated Here
He is Bachelor of Divinity,
Master Of Arts and Doctor of Laws
and Letters. He received his edu-
cation in the United States as some
200 of his countrymen are now
doing. His alma mater is Lincoln
University in Pennsylvania.
The incident which spanked the
independence movement now reach
ing an historic climax has been
described this way by an American
familiar with Gold Coast affairs.
When a large number Of Gold
Coast men were discharged from
the British military service they
were given promises Of certain vet
Grams benefits. Paper forms being
what they are and many veterans
being illiterate. some had difficulty
filling them out correctly. Exasper-
ated, a group of 200 or 300 marched
to the government Offices in Accra.
the capital.
Not getting satisfaction there.
someone cried, Lets march to the
governors palace!" On the way they
encountered a police order to halt.
They refused and police bullets
killed several and, according to the
informant, Overnight you had the
toughest independence movement
you ever saw"
Mr.. Nkrumah seized the leader
ship he now holds. Fortifying his
pleas with quotations from Abra-
ham Lincoln, he forced a showdown
with the British on the future status
Of his country.
The British, harassed by criticism
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-19
BY JOHN A. REICHMANN

In the subtropical Gold Coast Of
West Africa an experiment in DEM
ocratic Self-government is about to
start. 1t may have vast economic,
political and social repercusSions in
that stored land of the slave trade.
The experiment will be launched
when the Gold Coast. ancestral
homeland of millions of Americans
of Negro blood, is granted full status
as a member of the British Com
monwealth. This is expected to
occur early next year.
Even close friends Of the indie
pendence movement concede that
the way to democracy is beset with
pitfalls. They admit the possibility
Of failure. But if this experiment
succeeds, the cry for independence
and self-government is expected to
go up throughout the area south
of the Sahara desert. both within
and without the British domain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-19

grow TO trimmable proportions in
less than that time. You will meet
other boards which tell you they
grew in 10 days. Don't believe them.
1t took two months.
Another word Of warning: The
stereotype of a bearded man in
mid-20th century is very familiar
one. He is probably bit of his
rocker. Or lie is COR pretends to be-
an artist. a musician, writer or a
sculptor.
grew my first beard when
I was a public speaker 1t was
Of great help. Thoughts that would
have been rejected out Of hand be-
came acceptable when issued from
over a beard. My second beard
was grown when ! was a paid
writer. The current one was raised
when ] was even truer 10 the
stereotype, an unemployed writer.
Your last shave will be on q
Thursday. On Friday you viii so