davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lincoln times., 1956-04-19
Newspaperman Says
School Bus Ruling
Favors Rural Areas

"Gross discrimination against
more than half the school children
and an even larger percentage of
the taxpayers in the state" was
charged by Lynn Nisbet. Waxhaw
native and Raleigh newspaper
man, in an article appearing in
the Charlotte News this week.
Although the transportation
budget amounts to more than five
Der cent of the total nine months
school appropriation. and all the
people shared in the purchase
price of the buses, no child VINO
lives inside the corporate limits
OF any town or city can legally
ride a State operated school bus
to a school house located in that
same town or city," the article
continued. THAT has been the
lule for many years, and the 1855
revision of the school laws spelled
it out more clearly. The law does
rot prohibit such transportation,
but there is no money provided
for it -.
Since World War II munich
palities have been bullying out,
burb n developments have
sought annexation to obtain wa
ter, sewerage, fire and police pro-
lection, garbage collection and
similar services. 1t is not unusual
now for a central high school to
be located three to five miles from
residents of the city, and for the
nearest elementary school to be
more than a mile and half away
- the maximum distance which
rural pupils are required to walk,
or provide their own transporta-
ton.
The school bus law, originally
intended to serve isolated rural
pupils, has not been materially
changed. Such revisions as have
heen made have intended to &C
centuate rather than relieve dis
crlmination against town kids
Except in Greensboro, where
tire municipal school administra-
tive unit provides local funds to
operate IA buses without State
aid. the problem of getting chill
dren to and from school in towns
and cities rests entirely on the
pupils and their parents. In most
places where there are city bus
lines they give special rates for
school children - half to two
thirds of regular fare. Even so. the
town papa with three or four chill
dren has to fork up from 25-cents
to 50-cents a day bus fare or
drive his own car, while part of
his State school tax money goes
to provide free rides for his coun-
try couSineS =.
The State Board of Education
is bound by laws enacted by the
General Assembly Board members
can express sympathy for the
plight of the towns people but can
offer no relief until the Legisla-
ture gives them two or three mil
hon dollars to provide school bus
service for kids who live inside
town limits comparable to that
provided their next door neigh
bors who live just outside that in
tangible line"
The Lincoln times., 1956-04-19

THE RIGHT TO WORK

Seventeen states have adopted
what are called "right-to-wcrk"
laws.
These laws say. in effect, that
no labor contract shall be valid if
it deprives a man of a job, either
because he belongs to a union or
because he does not.
The leaders of labor do not like
these laws, and demand their re-
peal. They want to prevent other
states from adopting similar laws.
and to repeal the II now in force.
Some months ago Secretary of
Labor James P. Mitchell publicly
took the side of the union leaders.
He is thus saying that for a man
to hold job it is all right to
compel him to belong to a private
organization and pay dues to it.
Farmers have a direct stake in
the labor laws. The wages of labor
enter into the price of everything
farmers buy. Wages make up a
big part of the high costs of get
ting farm products to the con-
sumer Many farmers have occa-
sion to hire union labor directly.
while in a few situations farm
labor itself is organized.
Above all that, farmers have
every ason to want to see
tyranny blocked and justice up
held, so that Americans may al
ways enjoy equal opportunities.
Years ago, employers sometimes
not only refused to hire union
member, but compelled their work.
ers to sign agreements not to join
a union, under penalty of being
dismissed. Union leaders called this
the yellow-dog contract, and
fought it to the Supreme Court,
where it was declared illegal
Now the union bosses want ex-
actly the same principle applied
in their favor. They want legal
power to make contracts that can
prohibit any person from getting
or holding job, unless he pays
dues to them.
Their mann argument is that
nonmemberS are free riders, who
get the alleged benefits of union
organization wi h out paying
share of the cost. Let's look at
that:
The Farm Bureau and Grange
have benefited all farmers. Should
you be prohibited from farming
unless you pay dues to one or the
other?
The Boy Scouts, the Legion
posts. the service clubs, and scores
of organizations do work which
benefit many. Should member
ships be made compulsory on that
account? And should children be
barred from school if they come
from families which do not pay
taxes?
A labor union is no different
from any other private organiza-
ton. 1t may benefit its members.
But if the services it performs and
the character Of its leadership are
not enough to persuade worker
to join. no law of the Nation or
any State should deny his right to
work because he refuses.
The freedom of any person to
work wherever he can get a job.
at whatever wages he is able to
earn or willing to take, is funda-
mental American right. 1t is one
of the blessings of liberty for
which we have established Ma
ton.
The issue may be up in your
own State legislature this spring.
If so. you will defend your liber-
ties if you tell your State SEN
ators and representatives what
you think about it.
Let the time never come when
you can't farm. or hire man to
help you, unless the overload of
some union monopoly has received
his dues, cash in advance.
The Farm JOurnaD
The Lincoln times., 1956-04-19

Dye ''Sed in marking beef grades
is harmless.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-21
A Timely Visit

It is good on the whole, that Prime
Minister Nehru of India is coming to
Washington in July for some talks with
President Eisenhower. For it is in this
sort of face-to-face and informal meeting
that Mr.. Eisenhower is most effective
as champion of freedom and democ-
racy. And it has been puzzling to Amerl-
cans, in turn, that Mr.. Nehru appears to
have misjudged many of our policies and
actions in support of free nations that
are dangerously vulnerable to Communist
aggression.
On numerous occasions, Mr.. Nehru
has explained that it is "basic policy for
his country not "to join any camps or
alliances" in the cold war. He has, in
short, proclaimed policy of neutraliSm
which has been popular in India and
has held an apparent appeal for other
countries of South Asia and the nearby
Middle East. And yet, despite Mr.. Nehru's
stern opposition to native communism
within his own country, he has often
spoken approvingly of the Communist
regimes of China and Soviet Russia. BY
contrast, he has more often been critical
of the West in general
Mr.. Nehru undoubtedly has reasons
for his judgments But if some of them
are based upon misunderstanding, or lack
of complete information, there will be
opportunity here for full discussion cat
the summit" The results should be
mutually beneficial.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-21
CIoy-Footed God

BY implication at least, former SOVIET
Premier Malenkov has now given tull
support to what Nikita Khrushchev is
said to have said against Josef Stain.
At any rate, speaking to group of British
Laborites in London, he has plainly indl-
Gated complete agreement with Mr..
Khrushchev's reported view that the OLD
dictator was laundering megalomaniac
whose policies of total terrorism and mass
murder were things of boundleSS evil that
came close to destroying Russia.
It is interesting, to put it mildly that
Mr.. Malenkov-now reduced in rank to
Soviet Minister of Power Stations-ap-
parently has subscribed unqualifiedly to
such view. After all, for years prior to
Stains death, he was one of Stains
closest associates-so close, in fact, that
he was named to succeed the generals
simo in the premiership almost as soon as
the generalisSimo had drawn his last
breath Further, he was chosen to deliver
the chief funeral grafton on March 9,
1858, when all the men of the Kremlln
INDUCED themselves in an orgy OF eulogles
before publicly enshrining the dead tyrant
beside the well-preserved remains OF
Nicolai Lenin
Everything considered, it is rather
instructive to reread the text OF this
grafton in the light of current Soviet
events. Here are some of the things that
Mr.. Malenkov said at that time about
the dictator's death: "a most grievous,
irreparable loss -. The glorious life-path
of the greatest genius of humanity"
IN u fol NV oil
gressive" mankind :. "Stalin's name is
infinitely dear =. Vast are the grandeur
and significance" of his works, which
twill live forever" 1t is Russia's 'sa-
cred duty to preserve those works as the
legacy of "the great thinker of our
epoch" . =. "the great ensign of peace" -.
"the supreme force" of the worlds life =.
Farewell, our teacher and leader, our
dear friend, our comrade, Stalin!"
But today Mr.. Malenkov, like Mr..
KhruShchev and every other Soviet big
wig who once did so much to make god
of Stain and to execute his policies of
terror at home and abroad, appears to
have said-in effect-that the Stalinist
past was built on nothing but lies and
evil-doing beyond compare and that it is
all at an end now in the new Russia under
the new benevolent regime of the new
collective leadership" Needless to say,
this spectacular switch in the Kremlin's
line after three decades of pitiless one
man rule, can hardly fail to have stag
gering initial impact on the average
Russian mind, though the change will
very probably prove to be immensely pop
ular inside the USSR as time goes on.
AS for the international effects of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-21

Stains deglorification, it seems well de-
signed to render good service to the
Kremlin- particularly in "neutralist"
countries-as propaganda suggesting that
Russia'S collective leadership" is just
and reasonable and humane enemy of
despotism. And that fact helps to ex-
plain in part the still largely mystifying
question as to exactly why Mr.. Khrush-
chew, Mr.. Malenkov and their colleagues
apparently have decided to go all out in
making devil of what used to be divin-
ity of infinite virtue. The free world has
reason, of course, to view the whole de-
velopment with suspicion and caution.
But there can be little doubt that the
change-whatever its precise motivation
represents change for the better.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-21
The UnpredictobIe Voter

The voters of Minnesota have dealt
a crushing-one might say almost fatal
blow to Adlai StevenSon's political am
billions.
Mr.. Stevenson was supposed to win
this one going away. All of the Demo-
cratic big guns, Governor Freeman and
Senator Humphrey included, were in his
camp. They, as well as Mr.. Stevenson,
campaigned vigorously throughout the
State A few weeks ago Governor Free
man was predicting victory by 3-to-1
margin. AS recently as last Sunday he
had scaled this down only to margin
of between two and three to one. MIR.
Stevenson himself said he would be sat-
iSf1ed with SIS per cent of the vote.
But as the returns roll in, Senator
Kefauver emerges as the man who will
have SIS per cent, or more, of the votes,
and perhaps as many as "a of Minnesota's
convention delegates. The landslide ma
terialized all right, but it crushed the
wrong candidate.
What is the explanation? Actually,
nobody knows. 1t is said that the Repub-
licanS crossed over and voted in the
Democratic primary. This may be true,
although the number of voters who
jumped party lines is unknown. Assum-
ing that the number was substantial,
however, why did they vote for Senator
Kefauver instead of Mr.. Stevenson? Was
1t protest vote against administration
farm policies? If so, the basic question
remains-why the Tennessee Senator
instead of Mr.. Stevenson?
We venture the guess that the hard
boiled bosses of the Democratic Party will
come to but one conclusion when they sit
down to analyze the returns: Senator
Kefauver has more voter-appeal than
Mr.. Stevenson. This is the only rational
conclusion to be drawn from the Mime
sofa results, and it is reinforced by the
outcome of last weeks primary in New
Hampshire. If the same conclusion Is
reached by the party's bigwigs, one can
see the end of the road for Mr.. Stevenson
without the aid of any crystal ball.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-21

cavities OF men and animals.
1t apparently is widespread in
the Orient but little has yet
been written about its peculiar
ways of life.
1t was described by Capt.
Bryce c. Walton of the Walter
Reed Medical Research Center,
one of the Army's team in
Borneo. in a report prepared
for the annual meetings of the
American Association for the
Advancement of Science. The
creature is a water worm,
normally about quarter inch
long. which remains very near
the surface of streams, usually
perched on some barely COW
cred stick or stone. There it
stretches itself and probes the
surroundings.
AS soon as a warm-blooded
animal starts to drink from the
stream in its neighborhood it
darts into one of the nostrils
very quickly. goes up for some
distance and starts to suck
blood.
Unlike the land leeches it
cannot pierce unbroken skin
but is forced to find some spot
with soft mucous membrane.
Once the blood meal Is fin
ished, it settles down for a
long tenancy in its new home.
Its growth is very rapid. It has
been observed to triple its size
in a week, Capt. Walton says.
This is actual growth. not en-
gorgement with blood. It can
reach a length of as much as
six inches. 1t fills the whole
nasal cavity and invades the
frontal sinus. Its hold is so
tight it is difficult for a ply
sician to dislodge.
Seldom Attacks Humans
44ctually it seldom attacks
humans, because Borneo ma
tives, aware of the danger,
never drink by sticking their
faces in streams. An unwarned
stranger, however. might easily
do SO. In humans it is most
apt to attach itself to the
junction of nose and throat,
causing difficulty in breathing
and a perpetual choking SEN
sation.
Its habits are quite similar
to those of the leeches which
attacked Napoleon's soldiers in
Egypt. These, however, attach
themselves to the sides of the
throat as water is swallowed.
Sometimes they kill their VIC
tim. The Borneo leeches are
a very serious pest of dogs and
cattle. In streams where they
exist their numbers are count
less.
This leech, however, hardly
can be considered a true para
site, Capt. Walton believes.
Once in the nose it never lays
eggs, and the reproductive
stage must be somewhere else,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-21
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

1t is an amazing thing, how
one can watch wild animals
for years and still miss seeing
something, such as this leap
into the air.
We had seen scores of wild
Dummies elude squirrels, but
never one that made such a
prodigious leap.
There was no real question
OF harm, on the part of the
squirrel, and no sign of fear
from the rabbit.
1t was just as if they were
playing with each other, a sort
of game of the wildwood,
which probably it is.
Rabbits. especially as young
fellows, love to engage in tag, a
favorite of young things every
where, and in most species.
The famous song, Deep in
the Heart of Texas" contains
a line about the rabbits rush.
ing around the brush.
x y x
A pile of wood in the back
yard was the center of such a
game.
Just like human children,
the little rabbits loved to come
out at dusk, and play until it
got quite dark. Then they
would creep away to sleep.
Perhaps few householders
resent a rabbit in the yard, as
as some of them do a dog, or a
cat, or a poor opossum lost
from its proper habitat.
The rabbit is pretty, harm
less, they think, and not liable
to harbor diseases. Its one
malady, tularemia, it keeps to
itself.
But the pretty wild rabbit
loves tulips, and other succu-
lent spring flowers, and, in
their seasons, many others. He
loves to eat the fresh buds of
expensive bushes, and to de-
YOUR many prize blooms.
Forgive him all this.
His one big justification Ii
that he is hungry.
Sometimes a piece Of white
cloth, tied to stakes, will keep
him away.
Anything is better, In q
world of war, wounds and
rapine, than adding more kill
lings of the innocent to the
vast numbers with which the
universe already groans its
way to destruction.
Think twice, before you
harm one of these little ones.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-21
WSTAS IN SCIENCE
By THOMAS R. HENRY
Army Conquers an Enemy-JunqIe Leech

Hordes Of billions of fero-
cious worms defended and
preserved a fabulous 1000
year-old Arabian Nights king
dom for three centuries.
This kingdom was tempted
Handy in the center of Ceylon,
encircled by low, densely for
ested mountains. It was one
of the most picturesque ancient
civilizations of the Orient
which had degenerated into
a brutal depotisn when the
first European invaders, the
Portuguese, came to the island
early in the sixteenth century.
Jungle Leeches
The white men with their
arquebuses established trading
posts on the coast with little
difficulty. The forested hills,
however. proved impossible for
the soldiers, who had to pitch
their camps in deep jungle
bush. Grass and bushes
swarmed with little green
worms - extremely nimble
creatures about an inch long
which subSisted on the blood
of warm blooded animals.
They attacked the soldiers
night and day. Clothes were
no protection. The worms
dropped in streams of blood
from eyelids and ears. They
swarmed on all sides in ever
increasing numbers as the in
vading forces penetrated far
ther into the jungle. With no
defense against this unantici-
pated enemy, the Europeans
were forced to retreat.
More than a century later
British Sepoy troops also failed
to cross the green-worm bar
rier. Still later Napoleon's
troops in Egypt suffered ter
ribly from another species of
the same family.
These worms were jungle
leeches. Today they would offer
no barrier at all for trained
troops because United States
Army medical officers have
found that they are effectively
repealed with chemical i'm
pregnation of uniforms. Also
lot of information has been
gathered on their ways of life.
and some "de-bunking" may
be in order.
Much of this information
has been gathered by a Joint
United States Army-British
Colonial Office team working
in the jungles of Borneo which
are infested by worms almost
Identical with those which re-
pulsed the European invasions
of Ceylon.
Meanw while, some other
leeches have been added to the
list of mans potential enemies
notably dinobdella ferox, the
nasal leech, which commonly
invades the throat and nose
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-21
Job for Solomon

At one point in the SenateS conSlo-
Grafton of the farm bill, the measure was
described by one lawmaker as $50 beautl-
fully complicated that not even solomon
could administer it," He was, OF course,
dealing in Observation-Disclosures by
the time the legislation was passed the
original complications had been further
complicated. Starting with bill, re-
ported by the Senate Agriculture Commit
tee, that. differed materially from that
approved by the House last year, the Sen
ate revised the measure with approx
mately 40 amendments 1t was, in short,
an outstanding example of the evils and
pitfalls of attempting to write legislation
on the floor-a procedure reminiscent OF
the log-rolling practices applied years
ago to writing tariff bills. 1t will be no
simple task for House and Senate con-
ferees to find even the beginning points
for eventual agreement.
On two major issues of theory, the
administration won victory in principle.
The flexible price support idea remains in
the legislation and the soil bank plan
was approved. But in fact both have
been hedged in way that distortS ad-
ministration theory. Several provisions,
including one to "set aside" certain sur
pluses of major crops in calculating price
supports, would increase the supports
and largely offset the flexible formula.
The soil bank plan is made compulsory,
beginning with 1857, rather than volun-
tary as recommended by President Eisen-
hover.
Doubt is being freely expressed as to
whether the final form of the legislation
will be acceptable to the President, or
whether there can be agreement soon
enough to bring any substantial benefit
to the farmers this year. 1t is not wholly
surprising that the legislative effort has
reached this stage. If Solomon like wis
dom is needed to administer farm pro-
gram, even greater wisdom is needed to
formulate one. The farm problem actu-
ally is series of problems, for which no
sure and simple solutions are readily
available Adding election-year political
considerations to the picture, as has been
the case, merely makes the task more
difficult.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-21
Buzzes Our Tower

The Star has charged edi-
torially that Senator Butler
and other members of the
Maryland congressional dele
cation are playing provincial
politics" in opposing the Burke
airport proposal and in sug-
costing instead that Friend
ship Airport be designated as
an alternate Washington air
port.
According to your editorial,
"the mounting congestion at
the present National Airport
is so dangerous that a higher
order of craftsmanship is
called for"
Presumably The Star is cor
rect about the National Air
port situation. What then is
the logical solution? To fol-
low the course advocated by
The Star, and spend two and
one-half years or longer con-
structing a new airport, while
air traffic increases each
month and the lives of travel
ers are placed in ever greater
jeopardy? Or to follow the
suggestion of the Maryland
legislators, and make immedi-
ate use of an airport that
already exists; that is being
used at far less than it's peak
capacity; that wants and
needs additional traffic, and, it
might be added, that repre-
sents an investment by the
Federal Government of sew
eral millions of the taxpayers
dollars?
Virpinian
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-21
A New Commitment

In two successive days the House
has approved District Appropriation
Bill of about $3.50 million, the largest ever
passed, carrying Federal payment of
$40 million; and new local tax bill,
raising taxes by about $40 million, and
increasing the authorized Federal pay
ment from $40 million to $22 million.
The unusual thing about House &C
ton on these two local measures was
the absence of opposition. No voice was
raised against any of the provisions from
either side of the aisle. In each case,
the House listened to the usual explana-
lions, and voted approval in surpris-
ingly short time.
We hope that this attitude in the
House reflects acknowledgment by its
leadership of the serious financial situa-
ton facing Washington.
The full plan for District financing
in the next fiscal year has not yet been
approved, however. In sending the Dis
trict Appropriation bill to Congress, the
Commissioners were forced to lop off
about $13 million for needed public works.
There was no revenue in sight to pay for
them.
The money to pay for them is in the
local tax bill approved yesterday by the
House. That bill, raising local taxes by
about $40 million, authorizes, as part and
parcel of the package, a So million in
crease in the Federal payment. That
increase is only authorized. 1t has not
yet been appropriated. We trust that
there will be no inclination in the House,
or its Appropriations Committee later on
this year, to renege on what is so plainly
a commitment