davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1956-11-30
Mob Threatens
Negro Held for
knifing Woman

MOUNT VERNON, Ga, Nov
80 P).--A Negro ex-convict ar
rested in the knitting of a white
housewife during a S4 robbery
was held at an undisclosed ;ail
yesterday after being threatened
by an armed crowd.
Sheriff w. Claude Sharpe
said Davis Jackson, 30-year-old
farm laborer, was rushed out
the back door of the jail after
a crowd gathered Saturday
night.
Some Of the crowd were
armed with pistols" the sheriff
said. "They would have taken
him away from us if they could.
I was determined there would
be no lynching. 1t just takes a
few to stir up a mob and some
of them were yelling that they
wanted the Negro"
Jackson was arrested at his
home miles from this town
in East Central Georgia and
charged with assault with in
tent to murder. The sheriff said
he previously had served time
for burglary and breaking and
entering.
The arrest was made a few
hours after police reported Mrs.
Claude McRae, mother of four
young children. was slashed with
a knife during a $4 robbery atI
her home, She was treated atI
a Vidalia hospital and released
yesterday.
The sheriff said Jackson prob
ably would be tried at the Feb
ruary term of court.
Evening star., 1956-11-30
Ship Feared Sunk
In Mediterranean

MARSEILLE, Nov. 80 (P.-
Ships and planes searched the
Western Mediterranean today
for a freighter it was feared had
gone down in a sudden storm.
The, hunt was touched of by
a series of radioed distress mes
sages which purported to come
from the Panamanian ship An
tares. Lloyd's Register lists no
ship by that name of Pana-
manian registry.
The initial message, shortly
after midnight. said the storm
had smashed the ships rudder
northeast of the Balearic Is
lands but she was not in need
Of immediate assistance.
Within an hour the ship re-
ported control could not be
maintained in the storm, and an
hour later came the message.
"Send help as quickly as pos
sible."
Rescue ships and planes which
arrived at the ships reported
position at dawn found no trace.
The French ship General Man.
gin reported the weather In the
area was so bad that a ship with
a smashed rudder could not
stay afioat for more than a few
hours.
Evening star., 1956-11-30
Actress Recovering

HOLLYWOOD. Nov. 30 R.-
Actress Susan Hayward was re-
ported in good condition yester-
day at Cedars Of Lebanon Hospi-
tai. where she is recovering from
surgery. She was admitted We'd
nesday. Her doctor said the
surgery was minor in nature but
did not disclose the ailment.
Evening star., 1956-11-30
SixAreArresfed.
InFIOgging Case.

oCALA, Fla. Nov. 80 (R.-I
Arrest of six men in the kid
naping and flogging of Negro
Jesse Woods was disclosed yes
terday by Director Don Mcleod
Of the Florida Sheriffs Bureau.
They were taken in custody
on capiases issued by the clerk
Of the Sumter County Circuit
Court after direct information
charging them with false i'm
priSonment and aggravated as
sault on the 39-year-old Wild
wood negro we're filed by State
Attorney A. P. Buie.
Woods was kidnapped early
October 28 from the unguarded
wildwood jail where he was be-
ing held on charges of being
drunk and disorderly. Police
said he "insulted a white wom-
an" by saying. Hello there,
baby"
Located by FBI
After the abduction, Woods
was taken to a deserted lakeside
spot near wildwood, beaten and
freed. He fled to Andalusia, Ala,
where FBI agents located him.
Director Mcleod listed the six
men arrested by Sheriff M. H..
Bowman, his deputies and agents
of the Sheriffs Bureau as: Eze-
kial Alderman of wildwood, Max
Stumborg of Wildwood, Keith
Sands Of Jacksonville. Leaman
Lundy of Belle View, Doyle Polk
OF Marion County and Robert
Nesmith Of Belle View.
Released on Bond
Director Mcleod said the de-
tendants, arrested yesterday, had
been released on $500 bond.
George Altman of wildwood,
previously arrested in the case,
was also charged in an informa-
ton with false Imprisonment and
aggravated assault in the case.
AS a result of the investigation
made by Sheriff Bowman and
the Sheriffs Bureau. Director
Mcleod said, II think these seven
men are the principals involved
and we do not anticipate chare-
ing anyone else"
Evening star., 1956-03-11

along the rim of the Arctic
Ocean, is a chain of similar
devices developed by U. S.
scientists.
Lost Plane on Way
DR.. Solandt predicted that
the CF-105, l,600-mile-per-
hr.- delta wing jet interceptor
now in the tooling-up stage at
the plant of A. v. Roe Cana
da) Ltd, at Toronto, would
be Canada's last piloted
fighter. After it. he intimated,
the RCAF will depend wholly
on missiles.
Canada's role in the inter.
national missile race is that
of an anxious collaboration
with Britain and the United
States. Last year, Canadian
scientists completed a f1ve-
year program to produce an
air-to-air guided missile for
the RCAF. but the velvet
Glove" as it was called, didn't
pass air force acceptance tests.
officials explained that its
range was too short in view
of recent advances in Soviet
bomber performance.
DR.. Solandt said future Ca
madam missile research likely
would be confined to adapting
British and American missiles
to Canadian needs. Earlier 1t
had been reported authorita-
lively that the RCAF had
adopted the U. S. Navy's
Sparrow" to replace the
Velvet Glove. Arrangements
are being made to produce the
Sparrow in Canada.
DR.. Solandt said a limiting
factor in the expansion of de-
fense research activities in
Canada was a serious Short
age Of trained scientists. He
proposed the establishment of
several new universities. a
large-scale program of govern
ment scholarships and other
financial assistance to educa-
ton. ana recognition Of the
shortage as Q major problem
Of concern TO the whole ma
ton.
Evening star., 1956-03-11
MARYLAND
Bonus Question Gets
Usual Fast Shuttle

A third bonus bill also was
before the Legislature this
year. It would have financed
the bonus with a fantastic
State = operated lottery that
surely would have put all the
numbers rackets on the East
Coast out of business.
This sparkling piece Of leg
islation fortunately was dis
posed Of In mid-session when
the House Ways and Means
Committee gave 1t an un-
favorable report and Commit
tee Chairman A. Gordon Boone
instructed his secretary ito
wrap this thing in the Ameri-
can flag and put 1t in the hold
file"
But when it comes to the
bonus game, this years Anna
polls aggregation has to take
a seat somewhere behind that
1854 bunch. That was an elec-
ton year and most legislators
wanted to vote for the bonus
so they could use 1t in their
reelection campaigns. At the
same time, they didn't want to
increase the sales tax to A.
nance it, which certainly would
have cost more votes than
could be earned by backing the
bonus in the first place.
The 1854 Gombit
So what did the legislative
brains do that year?
They let the bonus bin move
slightly ahead Of final action
on the State budget, which
made 1t unconstitutional.
Everybody recognized the &C
ton for what 1t was. Newspaper
stories freely reported that the
bill had violated the section OF
the Constitution prohibiting
the Legislature from consider
ing current appropriation bills
until after the budget is en-
acted.
Yet the Legislature pro-
ceeded to move the bonus bill
through just like it was for
real. 1t passed in good shape
and was sent to Gov. McKeldin,
who vetoed 1t on the basis Of
an attorney generals opinion
that 1t was-as everybody
Observation-Disclosures.
We wouldn't know for sure
whether anyone was fooled by
this hypocritical buck-passing,
but there certainly were a lot
Of new faces sitting in the
Statehouse when the Legisla-
ture met the next year.
Evening star., 1956-03-11
SENATE VOTES

Votes of the nearby Mary
land and Virginia Senators on
the major roll calls in Congress
last week. mo major roll calls
were recorded in the House.
On amending farm bill to
eliminate 90 per cent rigid
price supports on corn, cotton,
rice and peanuts. Agreed to,
SAL.
For: Beau (R Md. Butler tR Md
Byrd ID Va. Robertson ID VA.
On amending farm bill to set
minimum national corn allot-
ment at so million acres. Re-
jected, 44-46.
AEainst: Beall, Butler, Robertson.
Not Voting: Byrd-absent
On amending farm bill to
support hogs and beef cattle
at rs per cent of parity or at
the level Of corn, whichever Is
higher. Rejected, 32-61.
Asainst: Bsall, Butler, Byrd
Robertson.
On amending farm bill TO
eliminate 90 per cent supports
on millable wheat. Tie, 45-45.
Agreed to after Vice President
Nixon cast o vote for.
For: Beall, Butler. Robertson.
Not votipE: Byrd--absent
Congressional Quarterly
Evening star., 1956-03-11

Spencer often gave short an
swers-or none at ALTO
searching questions addressed
to him as official spokesman
for the District Government.
His attitude toward the re-
porters, however, was not so
much one Of hostility as Of
inattention.
On q notable occasion he
rang down the curtain on
conference in the most def
mite way possible: He picked
up his coat and hat and
walked out.
But In his dealings with the
press, as in other functions Of
his job, Mr.. Spencer's tech
niques improved as time went
on. OF late he has been able
to endure with urbanity all
but the most pointed ques-
tions on the most touchy sub
jects. He did not bride. for
instance, at any Of the needle
sharp questions directed to
him at the transit press con-
ference eight days ago.
Executive Sessions
The Commissioner has
worked hard to give his ad-
ministration the appearance
Of almost complete harmony,
relying increasingly on execu-
tive sessions of the Board Of
Commissioners to conduct
public business in the greatest
possible privacy and avoid
letting serious policy dis
agreements get into the pub
lie prints. Even when the
press is present, his fellow
Commissioners seem to CO.
operate by shifting into guard
ed whispers which only a lip
reader could follow.
II there has been any doubt
Of whether Mr.. Spencer con-
sidered his tour Of duty as a
Commissioner to be that of a
public ofiicial or a public
servant, he seemed to clarity
it some weeks ago in discussing
home rule" on a local tele-
vision program.
Conceding that he has given
pro forma support to the ad-
ministration's arguments for
an elected local self govern
ment, he launched into a
staunch defense Of the present
system Of government by a
presidentially appointed COM
mission.
Speaking Of Mr.. Spencer's
three more weeks and f1ve
more days, 1t Is worth noting
that the District now has only
1877 more days OF assured
transit service until August Is.
Evening star., 1956-03-11
BY GERALD WARING

OTTAWA. - Nearly half a
billion dollars worth of radar
defenses now being built in the
Canadian Arctic are officially
branded as likely to be obso-
lete in is years due to develop
ment Of the intercontinental
ballistic missile. or "ICBM."
Dr.. Omond Solandt, Cana
da's leading defense scientist.
told a news conference last
week that the ICBM. a 10000
mile-per- hour missile speeding
its atomic cargo through space
300 miles above the earth,
would render useless the Dis
tant Early Warning (DEW
and Mid-Canada radar lines.
This is the worst dilemma
Of the scientist" said the re-
tiring chairman of the defense
research board of Canada,
"the radar defenses will evolve
steadily with the development
of air defense missiles which
can be flown and controlled
from the same ground envi-
ronment. But the ICBM is a
different kettle of fish. Up to
the time it comes along there
is no discontinuity-no likeli-
hood of having to scrap the
whole system and start over.
Even the most optimistic de-
fense scientists are not too
hopeful about the usefulness
of the system against ballistic
missiles flying so fast and so
high.
There is very little of the
air defense system now being
built up which will be useful
then. I'm speaking of hard
ware, of course. From the tax
payers viewpoint all is not so
gloomy. You still have the
roads and the camps and
facilities"
Scientists Views
Question: Would you COM
ment on the probable techni-
cal development Of the ICBM?
Answer: Scientists all over
the world say there is no seri-
Evening star., 1956-03-11
MARYLAND
BY GENE GOODWIN

Every year about this time.
- the Maryland Legislature
grinds to q close, serious stu
dents Of State government are
scared half out Of their wits
by q little game the lawmakers
play called:
How to vote for Q veterans
bonus bill and defeat it at the
same time"
The game has been played
every session since World War
II with superlative skill. Yet,
even the most seasoned OBJ
servers find themselves a bit
stunned each year by the
seeming responsibility with
which otherwise responsible
legislators treat the veterans
bonus issue in Annapolis.
In the recent regular session
of the Legislature. both the
House and the Senate ap-
proved veterans bonus bills
that would have cost the tax
payers more than 500 mil
lion.
But you all know what hap
pened. Both bills were buried
in the hall--the Senate meas
ure never got out Of the House
Rules Committee and the
House bill died in the Senate
Finance Committee.
1t was a slick piece of busi-
ness-designed to appease a
persistent veterans lobby and
still maintain the Free States
proud position among the %
States that have been able to
resist this pressure group in
its demand for a GI giveaway.
Hish-FIown Financing
This years House bill,
which had As sponsors and
was passed by a 79-40 vote.
would have financed the bonus
by increasing the 2 per cent
sales tax to 8 per cent. The
Senate measure-"just q little
OIL bill" introduced every year
by Minority Leader Harry T.
Phoebus Of "po' little OIL
Somerset County" proposed
such sharp increases in
alcoholic beverage taxes that
Maryland would have become
virtually a prohibition State,
dependent upon moonshiners
for alcoholic solace. It passed
the upper chamber without a
word of debate, 10 to 10.
Both measures would have had
to go on the ballot.
Evening star., 1956-03-11
Conodion Scientist Says Rodor Net
Near North Pole Faces ObsoIescence

Gus scientific difficulty in the
way Of the ICBM. This doesn't
mean there won't still be de-
velopment problems. But there
is no serious block. The ICBM
will be made.
Question: How soon?
Answer: Let us say / would
be very surprised if it were
longer than Is years.
Question: What about a de-
fense against 1t?
Answer: I'm firmly con-
vinced a defense against the
ICBM is possible. 1t would not
be 100 per cent. but 1t would
be pretty effective. But 1t will
take a long time to develop.
To my mind the real danger of
the future-and ! would hate
to see this used sensationally
is that in the next 10 to Is
years the ICBM is likely to
arrive quite a long time before
an effective defense against it.
That means whichever side
gets it first will be in a domi-
nant position. 1t won't be able
to wipe out the other side.
But the ICBM will put one
side or the other in a posi-
ton of political dominance.
Question: Will a functional
continental defense system re-
quire the stockpiling of nuclear
defensive weapons on Cana
dian soil?
Answer; I can give only one
anSwer-yeS.
In reply to other questions,
DR.. Solandt said that at the
present stage of chronological
progress the $170-million Mid
Canada radar line being built
across this country at roughly
the 10th parallel is less vul-
nerable than other types of
radar installations to enemy
jamming. This line is a chain
of automatic, unnamed ra-
dar devices developed by
Canadian scientists and known
as the "McGill Fence" The
DEW line being built by the
United States further north,
Evening star., 1956-03-11


tenSifying in Afghanistan the
last two years. 1t has taken the
form of a contest between
long-range projects financed
and directed by the United
States and such Immediately
practical projects as paving
streets, building factories and
silos. which have been carried
out by the Russians.
The basic issue is whether
American or Western methods
Of economic assistance to inde-
pendent, backward countries
can compete successfully with
Soviet methods when operat-
ing side by side in the same
country. On the outcome Of
this contest could depend the
further increase of Soviet in
fluence and power.
American Aid First
The United States was first
In offering economic aid. be-
ginning nine years ago when
the Morrison -Knudsen Com
pany of Boise, Idaho, one Of
five Arms that built Boulder
Dam, began quietly to con-
struct dams, roads and canals
In the valleys once ravaged by
Ghenghis Khan. Two dams
and 100 miles of canals have
been built to irrigate 100000
acres Of raw desert land.
The Afghans financed these
projects by a method unique
for them, by exporting Persian
lambskins to the United States
and thus collecting a tidy dol
lar reserve. Prior to this and
for centuries past, Afghani-
stan's economic existence had
depended primarily on barter
with hes neighbors.
Valuable as the long-term
American projects are for the
well-being and prosperity of
the Afghans, the practical re-
suits to date have been slow
to appear. and American con-
struction costs have run we'll
above original estimates. BY
1949 Afghanistan's dollars had
dwindled so low that Morri-
son-Knudsen had to cut back
its operations.
Moscow's radio could glee-
fully report a United States
"debacle," with the result that
the United States Government
was forced to step in with a
$21-million loan early in 1850,
and an additional loan of $18
million in May, 1854.
Bad luck dogged the Amer
ican program, as essential sup
plies were delayed and Point
Four technicians, training AZ
ghanS to take over the COM
pleted projects, we're ham,
strung by policy tangles, in
efficient Afghan administra-
tion and other problems.
Increased United States aid
for neighboring Pakistan, es-
pecially the mutual assistance
agreement between the United
States and Pakistan of May.
1854, was another irritant of
relations with the United
States. Her interests were, of
Evening star., 1956-03-11
DISTRICT
DISTRICT
Spencer's Tenure
Is Nearing Its Close
BY HECTOR MCLEAN

Samuel Spencer has three
more weeks and five days to
serve as a District Commits
sioner.
Then, probably the happiest
man ih or out Of Washington,
he plans to walk off and 60
yachting. leaving the District
to get out of its transit, f1nan-
cial and scholastic messes as
best it can.
In his three-year tour of
duty, Mr.. Spencer has given
the impression Of thoroughly
disliking his Job as president
Of the Districts Board Of Com
missioners, although he is
careful to describe it as inter-
esting work.
An Eisenhower Republican,
Mr.. Spencer is an extremely
hard working, conscientious
and honest man. devoted to
the careful execution of exist
ing regulations and duties it
Is his lot to assume. His ac-
ceptance of the appointment
was regarded as a reluctant
capitulation to the Eisen-
hover doctrine that superior
men ought to take up the
burden of public office.
He has never, though, given
any evidence of considering re-
appointment to the job.
Mr.. Spencer's tour of duty
has not been an easy one. He
has seen the city launched on
a policy Of government by
crisis, with growing budgetary
deficits and an accompanying
need for repeated tax increas-
es, resulting to a large extent
from the Public Works pro-
gram which he inherited from
his Democratic predecessors.
Presided Over lnteerotion
Also, he presided over the
city government during the
Washington schools CONVEX
sion from segregation to inte-
grafton, managing to resist
with some success growing
public demands that he sup
port expenditure of increased
District and Federal funds to
expand the teaching system.
And, although q Republican
of wealth in what has been
regarded as q pro-business
administration, he Joined in
the movement to drive Louis
E. Wolfson out of town when
the Florida multimillionaire's
free-wheeling application of
the principles of profit-moti-
vated private enterprise helped
produce last summers transit
strike.
Similarly, he joined his fell
low administrators in fighting
for socialization of the indus
try when no would-be private
successor to the Capital Tran
sit Company managed to quail
ify under the ground rules laid
down by the Public Utilities
Commission.
All in all, the Commissioners
life has not been a happy one.
He has, perhaps, shown most
uneasiness during his tour Of
duty in the role of spokes-
man for the Board Of Com
missioners.
In those aspects which re-
quire public speaking and
testimony before congressional
committees, Mr.. Spencer has
carried out that duty with
customary determination.
1T was the irreverent Dis
trict Building press corps that
coined Commissioner Spencer's
most widely known monicker,
Silent Sam" The nickname
characterized him well. for Mr..
Evening star., 1956-03-11

gress in fact limits all foreign
aid commitments to one year.
Finally, Russian aid is
usually easier to absorb than
American. The United States
insists that Afghans be trained
to take over responsibility for
the projects. This puts a seri-
Gus load on native adapt
ability.
The Russian projects are
quite simple and little is asked
Of the Afghans, Individually or
collectively. If a project needs
technicians, the Soviet au-
thorities can order their citi-
zens to step in. United States
Civil Service hiring procedures
can't match this.
Has American business a
chance against Soviet govern
ment-sponsored projects?
Whatever the Russians do or
say, Persian lambskins, a lux
ury product, link the Afghan
economy to ours. This dollar
lifeline, earning $40 million to
SIS million a year, guarantees
the repayment of Ameican
loans. 1t also paves the way for
new loans which the Afghans
need and want from the Inter-
national Bank.
Engineering Triumph
United States engineering
has stood its test in the pre-
viously uncharted Afghan des-
ert. where German-built roads
and bridges have been washed
out. The Afghans respect our
superior engineering.
The Afghan officials who
accept Soviet aid do not SYM
pathize with the doctrines Of
communism, even though the
government now leans toward
planned economy. Collec-
tlvism could hardly yoke the
Observation-Disclosures Afghans,
and Communist godlessness
could hardly dermin e
Afghan submission to Allah.
If the present Afghan gov
ernment insists on doing BUSH
ness with its Soviet neighbor
we can hardly object, however,
even if the motivation of the
Soviets is partly political and
strategic.
First Chonce
The important point to note
is that Afghanistan offers us
our first chance to meet Soviet
aid in open competition in a
foreign land. If we are con-
cerned with Western prestige
and proving our superior know
how. we must continue to offer
our help in our own way and
let it compete with that Of
Germany, Japan and Russia.
But we must not fit Afghan
istan into our preconceived
pattern of the cold war. Fits
of indignation and threats of
stopping all aid may only push
Afgha1istan further into the
embrace of a neighbor it wants
to trade with, not marry. It
would also help if the Con-
gress would not outlaw long
term commitments where the
character of the project de-
mands such commitments