davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-02-01
or Farm

of the several main types of Montana
rangelands that will make economic use
of the range forage production, yet
maintain the basic range plant and soil
resources? This question is a very I'M
portant one in Montana's livestock econ
omics, and it is one with few pat or
easy answers.
The answers given in the succeeding
paragraphs are, believe, as close as
one can come. Such answers require
the use of averages as general guides.
Judgment must then be used in the APP
plications and under different climatic
situations and trends. The general STAN
dards are however, useful as guides.
The figures here given on grazing ca
pacity averages for main rangeland
are based upon my own observations
of ranching operations during the past
80 years in Montana and over the west
ern states. They are also based upon
my study of the ideas and analyses of
others, both practical ranchmen and
competent range scientists.
Prairie Grassland
In acreage and in production i'm
portance, the largest of the main types
of Montana rangelands is the prairie
grassland. There are an estimated 20
million acres of this rangeland type in
the northern great plains parts of Mon
tana. The range forage of this large
rangeland type consists principally of
the midgrasses and the shortgrasses,
though the weed and shrub feed may
be and often is of considerable impor-
lance.
Principal of the midgrasses are the
western wheatgrasS and the needle-and-
threat grass. The main shortgrasses are
the blue grama grass and the true buffa-
! lOgraSS. The buffalograSS is limited in
Montana principally to the lower Vel
lowstone valley, but the blue grama
grass is important throughout the Mon
tana plains country.
For a general average, the grazing
capacity of this rangeland type is one
animal unit month per three acres of
land, or Sc acres per COW for yearlong
CARING use. This rangeland type is in
herently somewhat better cattle range
than sheep range, and for that reason
the animal unit ratio between cattle use
and sheep use is nearer to 4 to 1 thar
the usual 5 to 1. Where there is consid
cradle weed and shrub range forage il
the native plant composition, the ratio
would be five to one.
80 Acres Per Cow
The better of the rangelands Of thi.
type will, when in good condition, sup
port a cow on 80 acres in yearlons
grazing, or on 21a acres per animal uni
month of grazing use. When such range
land is not in good condition, it's graz
ing capacity will of course be consid
erably below the natural potential Sue
lowering of the capacity below the ma
tural potential may come as a resul
of overuse or other poor management
or through prolonged drouth.
When this occurs, the midgras.
the main producers for this type, Civ
way to the short grasses or to invac
ing perennial grasses and weeds. TIL
blue grama grass, which nearly alway
is important in this type, is a sod-fol
mer and good soil protector, but
does not yield high volume of forag
In the dryer areas of the norther
great plains this rangeland type natu
ally has more of the grama, less of Il
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-28

Juvenile Court Judge Edith H.
Cockrill yesterday turned down
a request Of Police Chief Robert
w. Murray, who sought to obtain
the name Of a policeman ordered
by the court to pay $40 towards
support of his Alegitimate child.
Judge Cockrill said that. while
she had great sympathy towards
Chief Murray's attempt to main
tain high morals within his
force, she could not penalize the
policeman and his family by re-
Ivealing his name. She added
that the names Of others appear
ing in similar cases are not re-
vealed.
The policeman appeare d
Thursday in court in q proceed
ing aimed at holding him re-
sponsible for the child born out
Of wedlock. He admitted being
the father of the child and asked
that he be allowed to make
his weekly payment toward sup
port of the child at the court.
instead Of at his neighboring
precinct. He felt the latter would
prove to be embarrassing.
Wants to Investigate
Chief Murray was made aware
Of the case through newspaper
accounts. which identified the
father only as q District police
man"
Chief Murray said yesterday he
felt the Identification tended to
place the entire police depart
ment in bad light. He said he
wanted the name of the individ-
ual so he could investigate the
matter land take disciplinary ac-
ton II it's indicated" He added
that he felt he had a right to
the name"
"All want is the fathers
name, not the mothers or the
child's," he said.
Asked If he would launch an
investigation on his own, he COM
mented that he could see no rea-
son why the department would
have Ito 90 to those lengths"
Under the Juvenile Court Act.
the law states that, in similar
court cases. records or proceed
ings are open to inspection only
by the defendant or counsel Of
record"-except upon order Of
the court.
Conceivably, revelation Of a
name to an employer could lead
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-28
BobyDies, Second Burned
In Foirfox I roiIer Fire

An 1S-month-old boy was
killed and his 2-year-old
brother critically burned in a
fire which destroyed a trailer
last night near Herndon in Fair
fax County.
Jimmy Elmer Rice was pro-
nounced dead on arrival at Ar
lington Hospital. His brother
Ronnie was admitted in critical
condition. Their mother, Mrs
Helen L. Rice. was treated fol-
burns on her face.
County fire headquarters said
the fire broke out while the
two boys were alone in the
trailer. Mrs. Rice, whose hus-
band Elmer is in the Army ir
Germany, had gone to Herndor
taking a 4-year-old daughter
with her.
F'iremen said the trailer wa,
on fire when Mrs. Rice returned
about $3.50 o'clock. She went
into the burning trailer anc
stumbled over Ronnie. Shit
picked him up and carried hin
TO her car.
Mrs. RICE then went back ans
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-28

A prediction that Washing
tons ikrsome downtown parking
problems would be solved within
the next three years was made
yesterday by a Metropolitan
Area Traffic Council official.
j. N. Robertson, District high
way director and chairman of
the councils Traffic Improve
ment Committee, said private
industry has indicated it will
acquire 5000 off-street spaces
by the close OF 1859.
He said a survey showed pri-
vate industry would acquire the
space at Che rate of 5000 per
year for the next three years.
Added to plans for future
fringe parking lots and the pres
ent 42,l14 downtown spaces, Mr.
Robertson said, "this should be
adequate to handle the situa-
ton"
The Highway Department di-
rector made his report yesterday
at a meeting Of the Metropolitan
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-28
Kissing Bondit, II,
Commences Term

A 17-year-old youth from
Hudson, Mass, today begins
serving a reformatory term for
the knife-point robbery Of a
Washington woman.
He was sentenced to not more
than four years yesterday in
Federal Court in Baltimore,
after he pleaded guilty to taking
$40 and a kiss from Miss Eliza
beth B. Winspear, 40, Of 1903
Twenty-flrst street NV.
The robbery climaxed a ride
which began when the crew-cut
robber forced his way into Miss
Winspear's car at Thirty-first
and M streets NV. on Deem
Der 4.
He ordered her to drive him
out Canal road to Macarthur
boulevard, threatening her with
knife. After passing Dalecarlia
reservoir, the youth ordered her
to stop near Cabin John. He
took $1l from her pocketbook
gave her back ST., kissed her
Tightly, and fed into the woods
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-28
Franklin School
Found to Be Safe

Inspection of ceiling bulges
at Franklin School has disclosed
the building is safe, Brig. Gen.
Thomas A. Lane. Engineer Com
missioner, announced yesterday.
After a conference with school
officials, he said the ceilings
had been inspected by officials
of the Departments of Buildings
and Grounds and of Licenses
and Inspections. They found
that wood-boring beetles have
infested some of the roof trusses,
which will be repaired starting
Monday.
The principal work will be on
repair and replacement of CELL
ing joists, according to Director
Archie G. Hutson of the De-
partment of Buildings and
Grounds.
Gen. Lane said it will not be
necessary to evacuate the build
! ing during repairs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-28
SUNDAYS BEST READING
Dead Sea Scrolls Explained
In Star Magazine Feature

HOW AUTHENTIC is THE BIBLE? With the discovery
of the Dead Sea scrolls in 1947 scholars wondered If
these dramatic findings would alter the Bible as we
know tiff they would throw new light on Chrlsts
life. Find out what has been learned to date in
Relman Morin's interesting photo-ilustrated story
in The Star Magazine.
PARENTS :. BE Observation-Disclosures to Dr. Janet
A. Kennedy the most successful parents usually are
the who fail to follow the dos and don'ts" laid
down by so-called experts Be to read her
article in This Week Magazine-you1l learn how to
be better parent
NIGHT TRAIN-How safe you when you berth
down for the night on train? In order to get the
answer to this question and others, The Stars
reporter photographer team Brian Bell and Elwood
Baker took trip on Washington Chicago flyer
-. their findings make interesting reading in The
Star Magazine.
FUTURE OF THE "DETERRENT"-Ho we'll the United
States deters the Soviet Union from war depends
largely on what the Defense Department calls Re
search and Development" Star Staff Writer Earl H.
VoSS examines the broad American effort in this
field in the Editorial Section.
NEW "KEvIN THE BOLD" STORY starts Sunday in the
big color Comic Section of The Star. Don't miss this
new continuity as our swaShbuckling Irish hero,
costarring with Henry VIII sets the stage for high
adventure at time in history when knighthood
was in flower.
ARITHMETIC AND ROYALTY-Figures indicate Euro
pean royalty lists nearly twice many daughters
sons this poses problem for royal marriages.
For lesson in unusual marital mathematics read
Selwa RooSevets story in the Womans Section
Choose The Star Sunday When You Haze Choice
Phone Sterling $4,000 for Home Delivery
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-28
By ALEX r. PRESTON
Star stan Correspondent

WILLIAMSBURG. Va. Jan
28.-The British Ambassador tt
the United States said today
aggressive or subversive force:
must be contained by armed
might and a demonstration te
the rest of the world of the sue
cess of democracy.
Sir Roger Makins. the Ambas.
sador, spoke here this afternoon
at the restored capitol of the
former English colony. He ad.
dressed the Virginia Genera
acknowledgements here for the
day.
81 believe" Sir Roger said
that it is in the interest Of the
whole world that the political
experiments in democracy which
we are watching In all parts Of
the globe should succeed.
"The aggressive or subversive
forces which are operating must
be contained, not only by armed
might and the threat of mutual
destruction, but also by the
resolute will Of free peoples; Of
peoples who have learnt by ex-
lperience that they have better
form Of government than any
ltotalitarian system can offer"
Gets Warm Welcome
Sir Roger received . warm
welcome from Virginia's Gov
Stanley and most Of the lac
members Of the General Assem-
bly, who customarily come here
every two years to commemorate
the constitutional founding Of
this Nation.
Gov. Stanley told the joint
assembly: "The successful strug.
gle for independence was
prompted and carried to fruitior
by one impelling force-the love
for liberty and the determine
Ition to enjoy the right Of self
government.
81 have no doubt that oul
distinguished guest and speaker
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-28

took Jimmy from his crib just
inside the door. Firemen said
Mrs. Rice's hair caught on fire
when she went in the second
time and the flames were extin-
'guished by neighbors.
Wayne jenkins, a brother-in-
law who lives nearby at Sterling
in Loudoun County, arrived on
the scene and drove the mother
and children to Falls Church
where they were transferred to
IA Falls Church Fire Department
ambulance.
Fire headquarters said the
blaze apparently was started
when some clothing hanging
near an oil heater was ignited
The heater was in a one-room
addition to the trailer which was
parked along Route 1873, one
fourth mile south of Route 7.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-28
IMokins Offers Formula
For Hating Aggression

today Will agree that the out
come of that struggles un-
welcome as it may have been
at that time to the mother
country across the Atlantic
proved to be an event that
made possible, in more recent
times, the strongest alliance fol-
freedom in the history of the
world.
Il trust that these friendships
and bonds Of common interest
may ever stand against all
enemies of individual liberty and
democratic government"
Concern Over Asia
Sir Roger expressed concern
Iabout totalitarian governments
Throughout the world-but prin-
!cipally in Southeast Asia.
Democracy" he said. ais q
form of political organization
which needs constant effort anc
attention. Complacency invites
disaster.
To Virginia's lawmakers. whose
predecessors had first met back
in the year 1919. Sir Roger said
at is only a minority Of the
worlds population which today
Lives, or which has ever lived
under representative govern
ments long established or Sc
Icurely based. And already there
have. unfortunately, been some
failures.
There is no simple reason
why the principles that we NIGH
regard as the self-evident propo'
sitions Of democracy should bt
accepted as such by peoples. say
lin Southeast Asia. Their loca
Traditions and customs have lit
tile in common with our methods
iof conducting our political at.
fairs, or with the Communists
method of organizing society"
Today most of the 40 mem
bers of the State Senate anc
100 members of the House o.
Delegates left current issues
including accelerated income
taxes and segregation in public
schools-behind them at thu
State Capitol in Richmond.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-28
Name Of Paternity Case
Policeman Denied Chief

to the individuals loss Of job
one result being that the
child in question could no longer
be supported by its father.
AS Judge Cockrill has stated,
the child is the chief concern
of the court.
About a month ago the Judge
opened her court to the press IN
cases involving adults. Under
an agreement, newspapers have
refrained from using the names
of the individuals involved in
eithe r non-support or born
out-of -wedlock" cases. The one
exception is cases of contribute
ing to the delinquency Of q
minor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-28
CONVENTIONS
TODAY

The Young Republican
Leadership Training Con-
ference ends in the Raleigh
Hotel.
The National Automobile
Dealers Association begins a
five day meeting in the
Sheraton Park and Shore
ham Hotels.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-28
Solution Of Parking Problems
In Next 3 Years Forecast

Area Traffic Council at the Sill
yer Spring Hot Shoppe.
Mr.. Robertson said there are
at present 6.768 curb spaces. and
35.346 off-street spaces that are
mostly owned by private park
ing lot and garage owners. in the
business district.
The council also unanimously
Endorsed a plan to use the
Soldiers Home grounds for
fringe parking and a proposal
to seek permission to acquire
three additional fringe lots in
the 1857 budget.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-28
etc Drivers
Trial Date SET
Will Face Charges
In Neur-FutuIity

Two Capital Transit Co. street.
car operators. charged with reck-
less driving in an accident or
November 4, 1855, will appear
for trial in Municipal Court or
February "a.
The two men are Emory c
Brady, 81, of the $500 block Of
North George Mason drive, Ar.
Ilineton, Va, and John M. Calvin
%, of the 1900 block of Leland
street. Chevy Chase, Md.
The charges grew out Of ar
accident in which 23-year-olc
sailor and his wife were injured
when their car was struck by
disabled streetcar being pushed
| by another at the intersection
of sSherrier and Galena place!
INV.
Petty Officer &c Calvin D
Orselli and his wife. Katherine
were injured. Mr.. Orselli was un.
conscious for two weeks of
month-long convalescence il
Bethesda Naval Hospital. His in
juries were a brain conclusion
two broken ribs, internal injuries
and a severely wrenched lef
shoulder. His wife escaped with
only severe shock.
Says Memory Impaired
AS a result of his head in
Iiuries. Mr. Orselli now has onl!
| q "day-to-day" memory. he says
Mr.. and Mrs. Orselli, who a
time of the accident had beer
married two months, live at SAL
Cathedral avenue NV. The,
were driving north on Galen;
place and, as they crossed tn
streetcar tracks, their car wa
hit broadside. The vehicle, which
was totally destroyed, was dragge'
234 feet.
| According to officers Of thu
Accident Investigation Unit, MI
Brady's streetcar lost its electri
cal power at the Cabin Johl
turn-around loop. Mr.. Brad
told police that, if he had ha,
a key to a track switch box. tn
second streetcar, driven by MI
Calvin, could have by-passed hi
car and towed 1t back to the re
pair shops. Because they coult
not switch their cars. Mr.. Brad,
said, Mr.. Calvin's vehicle was at
tached to the rear of the frs
car to push it back to town.
Vision Obscured
/ Running without lights o
brakes. Mr.. Brady said. they pro
Iceeded eastward at about 2
miles per hour. Mr.. Calvin coul'
not see around the car in from
.Iof him, and he was directed whel
to slow or accelerate by han,
signals from Mr.. Brady.
Mr.. Brady said he signaled MI
Calvin to stop when they cam
to Sherrier and Galena places
but that the cars halted man
yards before the intersection
They started up again an,
Irammed the Orselli car as !
crossed the tracks. The com
lbined weight of the two street
cars exceeds "a tons.
Mr.. Brady has driven street
cars for more than 80 years
while Mr.. Calvin has driven les
than a year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-28
|Purty Honors Wives

Wives Of the District Commits
sioners we're honored last night
by more than $50 persons at a
cocktail party in the Hotel
Washington, given by the Num-
cipal Luncheon Club Of city en-
ployes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-28
TrogedyHit34 Years Ago
Atknickerbocker Theoter
Survivors Recall How. Roof Coved In
From Heavy Snow, Tokinq 81 Lives

nearly paralyzed traffic. within
Is minutes doctors, police and
firemen. along with soldiers and
Marines from nearby military
installations. began to arrive.
Before police and soldiers
formed a Gordon around the
Itheater, some anxious parents
ALREADY had entered and were
stumbling over the ruins, calling
hopefully for a son or daughter
who had gone to the show.
Rescue work was tedious and
agonizing, with torches and
flashlights. hammers and crow
bars. Scores were buried alive
under tons Of stone and timber.
Slowly the dead and injured
were dug from the wreckage.
Every nearby residence and
store became a first aid station.
The basement Of the nearby
Christian Science Church be-
came a morgue.
Hour to Free Bride
When rescuers reached the
Bowens, it took almost an hour
to free the young bride from her
cement trap. She and Mr.. Bowen
described their recollections in
an interview with The Star this
week.
THE only thing that saved
us from being crushed by falling
concrete was that we were lean
ing together. We'd only been
married a month then" Mrs.
Bowen said, looking back over
the years. Those old high-laced
shoes were the only thing that
kept my foot from being cut Of. "
The Bowens now live at 1915
Shepherd street NV. Mr.. Bowen,
an attorney adviser with the
Tax Court Of the United States,
was only scratched and bruised
in the theater cave-in.
Still Remembered
Mrs. Bowen said she recalls
the disaster every year about
this time. There are still many
Washington residents who re-
member that night "a years ago.
Some Of them had miraculous
escapes similar to that Of the
Bowens.
Another survivor Of the disas-
ter who still lives here Is Elliott
Brumbaugh. 1909 Elm street,
Chevy Chase. Md, an industrial
arts teacher at Alice Deal Junior
High School. Buried for four
hours. the young high school
basketball star suffered a para
lyzed leg for six months, he
recalls.
There are other Washington
ianS who mournfully recall the
loss of friends and loved ones in
the city's worst calamity. which
took 81 lives and injured $50
persons.
Rescue work lasted for 80
hours. The District Commits
sioners ordered movie houses
shut down until snow could be
cleaned from the roofs. A Fed
eral grand jury quickly indicted
five men, who had designed and
worked on construction OF the
Knickerbocker, for manslaugh-
ter. They were charged with neg
ligence. But the court, three
months later. dismissed the in
dtctment as being too general
because it didn't say how each
defendant was negligent.
Station WRC-TV has sched-
uled a flasll-back to the Knick-
erbocker disaster on the news
program -Four Corners News"
at $50 o'clock tonight.
Tonight the Bowens and a
few other survivors of the Knick-
erbocker catastrophe will look
back "a years, thankful that they
were spared
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-28
BY TAFT TRUsSELL

ny 4A11 1hOSSELL
The newlyweds leaned clos,
to each other in their fourth row
balcony seats at the Khicker'
booker Theater. The silent pic
ture was Get Rich Quick Wal.
lingford." 1t was 8 pm. anc
showing outside.
The day was January %. The
year was 1922-just "a years age
today.
The wind-whipped snowflakes
whirled down. Worst Snow
Since 1899 Grips D. c." the
newspaper headlines proclaimed
that Saturday night. Snow had
fallen the previous night and all
that day.
Streetcars and autos were
stranded all over town. derelicts
In a sea of snow. Shiverine
Washingtonians had plowed
through knee-deep drifts to
reach work. The temperature
was a chilling 26 degrees.
"~bere is danger in the snow" "
an evening Star editorial had
warned ominously that day.
Saturday Night
Most Washingtonians were
satisfied to chat by their fire.
81 les when night came and Won
der when the snow would stop
Bds this was Saturday night
TO some a gay time of the week,
no matter what the weather.
Among those the snow couldn't
keep in were the honeymooners
Mr.. and Mrs. Raymond j. Bowen
married one month. Before they
left their home at 1949 Biltmore
street NV, Mrs. Bowen pulled
on four pairs of hose and hel
high laced shoes. They were on,
Of style. she thought to herself
but her feet would keep dry.
In that fashionable residential
section of Mount Pleasant, it was
only a short trudge to the
Knickerbocker, at Eighteenth
street and Columbia road NV.
where the comedy hit. featuring
Bill Haines, was showing.
Roof Falls In
In the balcony, the Bowens
huddled close. A merry melody
floated up from the orchestra
Then. at $40 pm. it happened
With a mighty hiss, the root
of the majestic old Knicker-
booker gaped open under the
weight of 26 inches of snow.
Plaster. stone. timber and steel
Numbered down on the balcony
Then the balcony gave way
crushing down on the unsuspect-
ing audience below like a giant
press.
A slab of concrete smashed
down on Mrs. Bowen's left leg
Another V-shaped piece of con-
crete plummeted down over her
covering the young woman like
a boxtpp. A chunk of concrete
crashed down on the other side
Of the couple so near 1t sliced
the pocket right off Mr.. Bowen's
trousers.
For a stunned moment, there
was silence. witnesses recall
Then through the dark came the
agonized cries Of the manned.
Alarm by Telephone
At about Oil pm, according
to newspaper accounts of the
catastrophe. Miss, Elsie Cook, a
telephone operator, got the
frightful message from a witness
to the tragedy. Immediately she
spread the alarm that the ROOT
OF the Knickerbocker Theatel
had caved in. She notified DO.
lice, fire departments and all
the hospitals.
Although the snowstorm hac
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-28
Handicapped to Meet

Lodge l43 of the American
Federation of the Physically
Handicapped will have its second
anniversary dinner at 7 o'clock
tonight at the Ambassador
Hotel.