davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-12-28

Editor: have been In q 3 government
the
jobs,
To-day opportunity these types
gobbes
employees serving their
nationally local the
stable and other stable benefits
your paper q good IL printed
the place apply
aminatons r. smith Paul, Minnesota,
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-12-28

Vice President Nixon is already
being talked of as the heir ap.
parent for the 1880 Republican
nomination. But there are lots 81
Republicans who say heir trans
parents would he more 10 the
point. The campaign to whittIs
Nixon down is already underway
His chief opponents include Am
baSSador.to-the-UN Henry Caeo;
Ledge. Seuator-clect John Sher,
man Cooper Of Kentucky and Sen,
ate Republican Leader knowlaHd
Hut Nixon's tricnds arr also At
work trying to sustain the build
up he r-Seiyed In the election
campaign. That's one reason tor
his trip 90 Austria >iSon's
mast powerful hacker, At the
moment. u forusrr Gov. Dewey
of New Nerk.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-12-28

The give pttanccs 10
keep their churches according copyrighted article
November issue of Changing Times The Kpnger Magazine
Tho overwhelming majority Of week
church atendes
n
OF the ten Protestant churches receiving
buttons gave average
member Luhcrans Missouri
SdT s2 and Prcabyterians (uSA third
contribution Of sdi Al The other Christian
S5i "a Protestant Episcopal
list american Convention SIai Baptist
xt2 II, Methodist, s37 81 Disciples q Christ
II really to help pledge
Your pastor will appreciate knowing he
II don't to church reason
for 10 make firm pledge Tor the whole
function token support And expect the church
operating when
II already envelopes might thought
stantial
Remember church
church that has to fight usually a
Hut don't let this thought comfort much
double aninE
pockebooks
The question the editors ask Could ouFAnoka
UNION
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-12-28

are tney AFRAID OF us because
We have learned all they taught us so wen7
Are they afraid because they claim
In freedoms land dwell?
Are they afraid because rights
Draw day by day?
Are they afraid because their claims
Are also dear to us?
Are they afraid because have smiled
In the face of their fury-their ire?
Are they afraid OF what they'll
Upon their OF fire?
Are they reading something in what they see
Hanging from tree after tree?
Are dead men calling them to share
Their undead misery
Are they afraid that their hollow claims
Have echoed around the world?
Are they afraid OF their seIf-made shame
And the threats which they have hured7
Are they afraid OF united us"
OF polite but continuing persistence
That the promises they made be finally fulfilled?
Are they afraid Of our eager insistence?
Need they be We men. not beasts.
We love our American home
Why do they claim will eventually destroy
Those things have worked for so long,
No II Is not they fear much
But our aIly-a God who is Just!
Having sown their harvetS they now are 70 reap
It is inevitable said soi They must!
-DuAnnA Dungye
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-12-28
SIZE AND nss HUSBAND liked CHRISTMAS rpIr,oN

Editor As busy Al
read all of Christmas edition husband
oyed it's pictures greetings from
lodges
He in turn agreed with and suggested
Merry Christmas a
and also tell
so other editions through 1855.
early subscribers a
paper
you being
Taylor Minneapolis Minnesota
81, 1855
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-12-28

Secretary q Defense Wilson -
credited with this ore. after hts
recent return from France. Let's
not - 100 peSsultst'c about rNc
chances x world unity re told
friends Already ~ have the
z~vst fraternity % nations which
~ SIRE ~ John Foster Duties
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-12-28

side While blocking Of the Suez
cuts off her oil, the British gov.
eminent has decided TO double her
domestic atomic power program
Within the next nine years she
will be producing At least 1000
megawatts of atomic electrical
power Even before the Sues crisis
the British were far ahead OF this
country IL using this cheap new
source of electricity. Necessity, as
the old saying goes, Is the mother
~ invention.
II we are able to avoid a World
War in 1857, there will also be
some improvement in the living
standards OF the impoverished
people OF the Middle Fast and In
dia. The liberal hiocs within the
Democratic and Republican par
ties apparently viii prevail over
the conservatives lfor which read
Secretary OF the Treasury Hum
phrey and Sen Byrd of Virginia.
on aid 20 backward nations
President Eisenhower right
now IL siding with the liberals In
preparing blueprint for the
foreign future.
As Il takes shape, this is the
face Of Project World Recovery
for 1857.
The Z. s government or the
World Bank win spend 81 billion
TO improve ard enlarge the suez
canal
4 start win he made on a huge
irrigation project in the Jordan
River Valley with Israel, Jordan
and Syria sharing the water II
the pro-Sovte; Syrians stay that
way we may 50 ahead without
them
4 han Of 81 billion or usor-
win ~ made to India Ia help In
that nations NATURALIZATION.
These are not all gifts many
are loans, all will help make new
customers for American industry
especially heavy industry Even II
they were outright gifts. the rrcc
would be small Il they stAve of
war
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-12-28
An on Wind That Rlrw Sou~
S..,.a.F

There isn't much cheerful news
corning nom Great Britain and
the Continent at this CHRISTMAS
season. The IN fste4 Sass sdvrn.
ture toOk the etge ~ the slow
British economic recovery from
World War III ard that unhappy
pery,ls u beaded once again for =
perlod % AusteFity
but ever In moments % The
greatest xlNNra thwrv - = rheertrr
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-18

Neuberger. and Senator HUI
bert H. Humphrey Of Mime
sofa, answered the Southerners
in grave. but calm tones, COM
pletely devoid of the bitter
ness that usually accompanies
any discussion on the floor of
civil rights. They merely
urged moderation, forecast q
full-fledged debate on the
subject, and suggested that q
White House conference on
civil rights be assembled.
In Aid Of George?
It was generally believed
that the pronouncement was
designed to enhance the
stature of Senator George in
the eyes of the rabidly anti
integrationist "wool-hat boys"
of the Georgia hinterland. The
veteran Senator is facing
tough-some say inSurmount-
able-primary opposition from
former Gov. Herman Tai
madge. Mr.. Talmadge is an
irreconcilable white suprema-
cist who, in his published
writings, habitually spells
white" with a capital "W"
because Negro" is commonly
spelled with a capital IN"
Not generally realized was
the fact that strife broke out
among Southerners in Con-
gress when the document was
released. Twenty-siX refused
to lend their names to a de-
nunciation of the Supreme
Court, despite threats of re-
prisal at the polls. Senate
Majority Leader Lyndon john
son and House Speaker Sam
Rayburn, both of Texas. were
not asked to sign. Included in
the Is who refused were the
two Senators from Tennessee,
Estes Kefauver and Albert
Gore. When the document,
penned by Senators Richard
Russell of Georgia and Strom
Thurmond of South Carolina,
was first submitted to the
Southerners, many fatty re-
fused to sign it on the grounds
that the sentiments were too
strongly stated. All but one
of the 14-man North Carolina
delegation, for instance, re-
jected it. The manifesto then
went back to committee"
which agreed to drain off the
vinegar.
Even then, there remained rs
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-18
THE SOUTH
Southern Manifesto
Rocks Hill, Faulkner
Comes Out for Dixie

Senator Wayne Morse, a
Democrat from Oregon, said
one would have thought that
to-day Calhoun was walking
and speaking on the floor OF
the Senate"
Senator Walter George, also
a Democrat, but from Georgia,
had just read to the Senate a
manifesto signed by 100 mem
bers of Congress from the
South which pledged them
selves to use "all lawful
means" to overturn the SUI
preme Court decision outlaw
ing racial segregation in pub
lie schools. The same docu-
ment was being read stimuli
taneously in the House by
Representative Howard Smith,
Democrat of Virginia.
The tenor of the document
was contained in two para
graphs:
We decy the Supreme Courts
eneroochments on rights reserved
to the Stotes and to the people,
controry to established Low, and to
the Constitution.
We commend the motives Of
those Stotes which hove declared
the intention to resist forced in
tesrotion by ony lawful means.
The manifesto served, al
least on Capitol Hill, as an
official reopening Of the split
which often has torn the
Democratic Party at its seams
Senator Morse. Joined by his
Oregon colleague, Richard
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-18
Future Of Schools
Lies in Beach Case

and there is no indication OF
anything being done about it
in the immediate future. Gov,
Stanley has said he has no
plans for calling a special
session to enact the Gray
program any time soon.
Nevertheless, a decision IA
vorable to Virginia in the Sea-
shore State Park case might
alter the prospects for enact
ing the Gray Commission
program.
Tuition Problem
One of the principal prob
lens created by the tuition
grants proposal is this: In
counties heavily populated by
Negroes, what would happen
to the public school buildings
If there were a mass with
drawal Of white children to
attend private schools?
Some have held hopefully
to the belief that these public
buildings could be sold or
leased to private operators
who then would operate them
outside the jurisdiction Of the
Federal courts.
Judge Hoffman indicated
otherwise, however. While he
dealt specifically with the Sea-
shore case, his opinion en-
compassed public property"
generally.
Judge Hoffman held that
the State cannot do indirectly
what the Supreme Court says
it cannot do directly. He in
dictated he would watch closely
for any evidence of subterfuge.
In his opinion, Judge Hoff-
man said, THE defendants
Officials of Virginia. are re-
quired to elect to operate on
a nondiscriminatory basis or,
if leased, to see that the park
is operated by the leasee with
out discrimination.
IF, in the wisdom of the
leaders of this Commonwealth,
1t is determined to close Sea-
shore State Park, this is not a
matter for determination by
the court. Nor is this court
passing upon the right to sell
or lease this facility in absolute
good faith. %.
"Such a proposed sale or
lease should, however, contain
specific provisions as to all
terms and conditions, and any
attempt to negotiate a sale
or lease will be carefully
scrutinized by this court
should the matter be presented
in due time. In short, the
power to sell or lease does not
include the power to discrimi-
nate against members of any
race"
The Fourth Circuit Court,
which on Wednesday will hear
the appeal in this case, is the
same one that threw out seq
regation in Maryland's Sandy
Point State Park and at q
Baltimore playground last
year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-18

not given to slam-bang in
vestigating, so all concerned
agreed he would make q fine
chairman. It wasn't long be-
fore Senator Mcclellan as
sured his colleagues that. un-
der him, there would be no
spectaculars.
Further, 1t was agreed that
the gas lobby, an institution
the investigators could spend
months looking at. would be
first on the agenda.
Nobody, not even Senator
Bridges, seemed to be fretting
any longer over the possibility
of a runaway"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-18
DISTRICT
Maybe Brior Patch
Wasn't Good Place
To Fling WoIfson

crisis has been an expensive
item in the cost of educating
a city government. Only as
that governments nose was
rubbed in transit industry
facts Of life has there come an
understanding of the broad
statements that transit is a
declining industry"
Tex Relief Question
Although the Public Utilities
Commission a year ago rec
commended that Capital Tran
sit Co. be relieved of nearly
$500,000 a year in gross
receipts taxes, the District
Commissioners turned down
the idea.
Less than a year later they
have been more than eager to
give such q concession to any
prospective successor to Cap
ital Transit who might look
as though he could run a bus
system.
Not too long ago they re-
fused to let Capital Transit
run 51-passenger diesel buses
through GEORGETOWN. Now,
however, they would be happy
to let a new operator use
nothing else but that type of
. bus-if he could get them. and
if he didn't need a 81 million
Government guaranteed loan
to make sure of getting into
business.
Also there was the classic
assurance to Congress that
there would be plenty Of big
money investors ready to take
over the CTC franchise.
Fore Setting Right
Defending their contention
that Washington is a good
transit town." city officials
have pointed out that etc
has been making money since
last summers strike. This is
true, but the money is being
made on the basis of fares set
in negotiation with the Com
missioners, and not on the
basis of fares granted by the
Public Utilities Commission. In
effect, the company set its own
fares, which is exactly what is
proposed under the restoration
bill-so long as the rate OF
return does nat exceed Z per
cent.
Whether it could earn this
much under such a setup-
without pricing itself out OF
the market by charging taxi
cab rates-remains to be seen,
The company cannot raise its
fares much higher without
trespassing on the economic
law of diminishing returns but,
if it stays in business, it faces
the prospect of paying a sub
stantial wage increase.
Under the proposed legisla-
ton, at least, it would not be
able to argue that it couldn't
make an offer to the union
because the utilities commits
sion wasn't letting it make
enough money.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-18
Lobby

Senators were still talking
but not very loudly-about
the politically supersensitive
investigation of lobbying and
campaign expenditures which
is to start rolling one of these
days.
Plans for the inquiry were
laid after the President used
the word arrogant" in de-
scribing gas lobbying activi-
ties. At first, it looked as
though the investigation would
be dead serious. Last week,
however, it looked more dead
than serious. The Senators
had taken a second look. Two
developments prompted that
second look:
. Campaign contributions to
individual members of Con-
gress and to Congressional
Democratic and Republican
Campaign Committees had
dropped sharply.
. Several Senator's names
had been mentioned in con-
nection with that of the ubiq-
uitous lawyer who took the
world as his parish in trying
to do missionary work on the
gas bill.
The Senate last week had
been assured that the inquiry
would not be a runaway" in
vestigation-a fear expressed
by Senator Styles Bridges, Re-
publican of New Hampshire
For one thing. it eliminated
as possible chairman the one
man who had vowed the
searching would be done with
probity-Senator Albert Gore
Democrat Of Tennessee. Sen
ator John Mcclellan. Demo
crat Of Arkansas, was a mar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-18

dictator, the courts are de-
stroyed first"
Meanwhile, in an interview
with Reporter Magazine. Nobel
Prize-winning novelist William
Faulkner, a lifelong resident
Of Mississippi. said the South
was ready for civil war and
would tight If pushed much
further. An avowed integra-
ZIONIST. albiet a prepayment Of
gradualism, Mr.. Faulkner new
ertheless said: IF it came to
fighting, I'd fight for Missis-
sippi against the United States,
even if it meant going out into
the street and shooting Ne
groes."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-18

mostly young members who
refused to go along. Said one:
They brought this thing to
me and said in effect, sign 1t.
or else.' I told them I'd take
the or else
The strongest, and perhaps
most courageous statement
from the maverick camp was
issued by Representative Thur
mond Chatham, Democrat Of
North Carolina, who said:
II. personally, will not sign
anything that will tear down
the power and prestige Of the
court as the final arbiter of
justice. We sometimes forget
that, in a country ruled by a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-18
Extreme-Ronge Forecast
Sees Weather Coo|inq

for tornadoes, with Michigan
having its heaviest tornado on
record. Tornadoes also struck
within recent years into Mas
sachusetts and Ohio.
Are Tornodoes Increasing?
But we lack data to prove or
disprove that tornadoes have
been increasing in number.
Prof. Willett cautions. The
reason is many tornadoes go
unreported-especially in the
past-because they hit unin-
habited or relatively uninhab-
tied areas. Today there are
fewer such open areas where
tornadoes can hit and not
cause damage.
Tomatoes usually have a
path a half-mile wide or less.
They may sweep along the
ground for only a few hundred
yards, or for up to 40 miles.
They can dip up and down,
and jump long distances. So
it's hard to tell if two sepa-
rated places were hit by the
same tornado, or by two diff
ferent ones, he explained.
AS part of the evidence for
the recent general warm-up,
Prof. Willett cites:
1. Glaciers. Marked melting
of glaciers was observed in
some areas from 1900 to 1910.
This includes glaciers in the
southern borders Of Green
land.
2. Temperatures. Averag e
winter temperatures were
about six degrees higher in
Southern Greenland and Ice
land and Is degrees higher in
Spitsbergen during 1930-40
than $1,000.
3. Icebergs. For the last 80
years, icebergs have been
fewer and not travelling as
far south as they had been.
Icebergs, however, vary widely
year by year, and are affected
by winds and currents as well
as by temperatures.
4. Fish. Warm-water marine
life has migrated northward.
CLANS on the northeast coast,
for example, have been dam
aged by green crabs which
formerly were not found
north of the Long Island re-
gion.
For some 10000 years, we've
been coming out of the last OF
four stages of a great ice age.
the pleistocene glacial epoch.
We seem to be two-thirds Of
the way from a peak of gla-
citation to d period of no ice
mantle at all, Prof. Willett
says.
But there is always a good
chance that there can be a
short-term upswing in glacia-
ton, with some icecaps adj
vancing again for a while.
More knowledge of where
our weather is heading, and
methods of improving weather
forecasts, are expected to
come from worldwide scien-
tific studies during the inter
national geophysical year
starting in mid-1957.
Scientists will cooperate in
studies of wind calculations,
changes in the suns radiation.
glaciation, ocean currents, and
other factors that influence
weather, climate, and human
activities governed by climate
and weather.
ASSOCIATED Press)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-18
VIRGINIA
BY ALEX r. PRESTON

This week a Federal court
at Richmond will be asked to
rule on a case that could
determine in large measure
Virginia's future approach to
the public school segregation
problem.
The case before the United
States Fourth Circuit Court
of Appeals involves use of Sea-
shore State Park by Negroes.
The issue is whether the
State may lease the park to
a private operator in order
to get around a previous court
ruling which held both races
are eligible to its facilities.
Federal District Judge WAL
ter E. Hoffman of Norfolk
ruled last summer that Sea-
shore, close to Virginia Beach,
could not be operated by the
State on a segregated basis.
Rather than integrate, the
State kept the resort closed
last season and is prepared to
do the same again this year.
Thus the State did with
its public parks what a num-
Der of Southside and South
eastern Virginia localities said
they would do with public
schools if forced by court
DEGREES to integrate. The
localities in the so = called
"black belt" said they would
close their schools.
Almonds Viewpoint
In the park case Virginia
Attorney General J. Lindsay
Almond, jr., said the use Of
the State-operated facility by
Negroes is a settled principle
of law. He is basing his ap-
peal to the Fourth Circuit
Court on another phase of
Judge Hoffman's opinion deal
ing with the sale or lease of
the park.
Mr.. Almond contends that
Virginia has a right to sell
or lease the park to private
operator who could set his
own standards Of admission.
The presumption is. of course.
that no private operator could
profitably conduct such an
enterprise. with its family
cabins and bathing beaches. on
an integrated basis.
Legal opinion seems to be
pretty solid that If the State
can lease publicly owned
property. like parks, to be
operated on a segregated
basis, it could do the same
with other property, like pub
lie school buildings.
If such were possible, it
would greatly facilitate the
recommendations Of Virginia's
Gray Commission, which has
drafted a plan Of paying
tuition grants to children at
tending private nonsectarian
schools.
The recent General As
sembly shelved the Gray plan
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-18
DISTRICT
By HECTOR MCLEAN


The crystal ball cleared up
considerably last week on the
Washington transit mess when
Capital Transit Co. indicated
1t might be interested in be-
ing interested" about staying
in business.
The terms on which the
company would do so were
pretty clearly set forth in
House bills introduced by Rep
resentatives John L. McMil-
Ian, Democrat of South Caro-
lima, and Joel T. Broyhill, Re-
publican of Virginia.
They represented an ex-
IRENE change in the basic
ground rules which have gov
erned transit, and the problem
faced by Congress was to de-
eide whether they are too ex-
IRENE, and whether they are
any more extreme than the
other possible alternatives.
Political guessing was that
the House would buy the Cap
ital Transit deal. or some
version of it, as the lesser of
the evils which it faces.
The same political guessing,
though, says that if such a bill
is to be enacted into law, the
House will have to cram it
down the Senate's throat.
So far most observers have
calculated that a CTC restora-
ton bill simply did not stand
a chance of getting through
the Senate.
Chonee Of Prospects
Now, however, with the
months slipping rapidly off the
calendar, the prospects are
changing. The Senate is
showing no more liking for
the alternative of public
ownership than is the House.
The question, then, is what
will happen if the House
passes the etc restoration
bill and dumps it in the laps
of the Senate and the Senate
District Committee?
Time is running out. In
another $50 days, unless the
House and Senate agree on
something, there will be no
public transit in Washington.
Congress is almost certain
to adjourn some time before
August 10, the day on which
the Democratic National Con-
vention opens. And, under
present law, Capital Transit's
franchise expires at midnight
the following day.
AS that date approaches the
pressure will grow for Con-
gress to do something. By
June or July it might even
be strong enough to get the
restoration bill through the
Senate, despite the opposition
of Chairman Nicely Of the
Senate District Committee and
of Senator Wayne Morse,
Democrat of Oregon.
All in all. the city's transit