davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-04

strides with an ICBM Air Secretary Ouarles said
You can assume that the Russians have been recording
significant progress with the ICBM. We have every
cause to be concerned.
The Russians started working on an ICBM in 1916,
was informed Early that year, they carried off more
than 200 German rocket experts to the USSR locked
them in a newly constructed laboratory at Moscow
Chimk, and ordered them to design guided missile
with transatlantic range.
The program moved quickly. And for good reason
One of the German scientists genius at physics by the
name of Helmut Grottrup had previously done vast
research along exactly the same lines for Hitler.
Actually the us. Army got to Grottrup first, but
realized the German scientist importance Through
shocking slip-up ca turned him loose and let the
Russians grab him. We may yet pay heavily for that
blunder.
Americas Head Start
Year by year. the Russians have increased the tempo
of their ICBM efforts Not long ago, they took
their top plane designer A. S. Yakovev creator of the
famous Yak fghterbomber off all his other activities
and assigned him exclusively to the ICBM.
Nevertheless, as of now, the US. seems to be out
front in the crucial race.
Air Secretary QuarIes, the most knowledeeable man
in America on this subject, told me:
ION the basis of facts at my disposal, feel confident
that ahead of the Russians in the evolution Of
ntercontinenta ballistc missile suitable for pur
poses"
Luckily, the United States recognized the value of
guided missiles even before the Russians did. Alone
among the Allied powers, produced guided missiles
for combat purposes during World War II. This has
never before been disclosed.
What's more unlike the Russians, the U.S. Air Force
didn't wait for the end Of World War ii to begin work
on the ntercontinenta missile ITSELF Although it knew
that this might well be task, it set special
committee Of of its most gifted officers to delve
into the problem in January 1945 while hoStilities
against Germany were still on.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-04

I'VE knew how vital it was for US to get an lCBM
before the Russians did" Brigader General ]. F.
Phillips Ret who served that committee, declares
1t is true that all missile work for the Armed Forces
languished between 1916 and 1880 That the period
when the United States cutting back most of its
military defenses. However. after the outbreak of the
Korean War, missile work picked up and it has been in
high gear ever since. Our expenditures for guided mis-
ses have multiplied 25-fold since 1880. Today, the
three services spending than ST 600 600 600
year missiles. How much of this is going just for
ICBM cannot of course be divulged That is strictly
classified - but it's lot Insiders say that each indi-
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1956-09-26
Still Looking Forward To Seeing
Those Who Have Not 100.

Tobacco Season make you
and where would Friendly
considerable
partly accomplished you already
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1956-09-26

- Are Happy
= r. To Have Served Those Who Have Been In
~n~~ Still Looking Forward To Seeing
- Those Who Have Not
make ~ y~wohd
Au~m He domdh cut 1bo aeuDpo ha~o pudnMm
hum Mw0dd mehd hi mhu emu+yoeu
Custom oil k hyog udmmeh vMuwe mem~yw
~ big ENOUGH TO SERVE YOU
800 NOT TOO BIG TO KNOW YOU
~~S> And INTERESTED ENOUGH TO WANT YOU
9 g 3 6
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16
Bit By Bit

Facts - Male residents
of Louisville, Colorado, be-
tween 21 and so must pay a
$500 male tax" annually
or work it out doing COM
munity chores at Is cents
an hour Sneezing on a
train is against the law in
West Virginia Homes
alone used more electricity
last year than the entire
country used in 1889.
Daffynitions - Layman:
Pedestrian w h o jumped
too late Dieting: Mind
over platter.
SISnS VII oil CA0Cu.
tive's desk: IF you want
to see someone with a little
authority, I have as little
as anyone around here" -.
On the back Of a truck:
"Please don't hug me -
I'm going steady" On a
dance studio window: eve
keep you from being a
wallfloWer and also remove
the pot" .--.--- !. -,,--....-~,r..
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16

took the following patents
which covered his appar-
abuses and devices: U. S.
Patent No. 568178, dated
September %, 1896, and U.
S. Patent No. 6138O9, da-
ted November 8, 1898.
As early as May 20,
1891, or IS years ago,
DIR. Tesla demonstrated
his high frequency phe~
nOmena before the Ame-
rican Institute of Elec-
trical Engineers at Co.
lumbia College.
He used his powerful
Alternator of 10000 cy-
cles, capable of producing
10 XIV. DR.. Tesla began his
well known presentation of
"The True Wireless" with
this famous Alternator.
This was undoubtedly one
of the numerous means
that DR.. Tesla had at his
disposal, which he knew
were vastly superior to
those of DR.. Hertz.
Try Marconi's System
In 1896 Guglielmo Mar
conf arrived in England,
where he submitted to Off
cials his views of the pos
sibility of wireless telegra-
ply, based upon the Hertz
waves which were pro-
duced by Hertz oscillators.
Marconi was given
credit by some circles i'm
England for his discov-
cry of a 'highly sensitive
detector," which later
proved to be nothing
, more that a coherer,
similar to the one of DIR.
Lodge.
At the end of 1897 the
Wireless Telegraph and
Signal Co. was organized
with capital of 100000
pounds sterling. 1t is on
record that at the end of
1898 "the company was
unable to show any impor-
tant progress with the
Marconi system.
(To Be COntinued)
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16
Silver Jubilee

r here is more than casual interest this
year in the Labor Day weekend staging
of the always colorful, ever popular Greater
Pittsburgh "Croatian Day"
There should be, for 1856 marks the
Silver Anniversary Year of the oldest such
gathering in the annals of Americans of
Croat descent or extraction and the mile
stone calls for celebration of extraord-
nary proportions.
:, Which it undoubtedly will be when the
time comes to mark the 25th Anniversary
of Greater Pittsburgh's "Croatian Day" at
Kennywood Park, Pittsburgh.
GREATER Pittsburgh's "Croatian
Day" was the brain child of the late bro
M. ]. Horvath, for many, many years the
English Editor of the Ia jednicar.
Bro. Horvath placed the responsibility
of sponsoring the day from the very be-
ginning in the laps of the Societys Western
Pennsylvania English Speaking Lodges and
lived to see the undertakings achieve their
aims - that of perpetuating the customs
and culture of our people and breeding
greater respect for the Croatian Fraternal
Union everywhere.
Those aims remain the heart and soul
Of these great gatherings,
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16
Steel Outlook

r thousands of members of the Croatian
i Fraternal Union are affiliated with the
United SteelWorkers of America.
AS such their interest will turn in June
to the negotiations between their Union
and the steel industry for contract calling
for number of changes, among them the
adoption Of real guaranteed annual wage
clause.
What the Union will ask for and
what the industry will counter with in the
end remains to be seen. But it is to be
hoped that no strike will come to pass.
PRESIDENT David Mcdonald of the
Steelworkers will undoubtedly keep the
United Automobile Workers in mind when
he opens negotiations with the steel leaders.
Thousands of currently unemployed
UAW members are learning that their
guaranteed annual wage" payments are
neither guaranteed nor annual; that funds
are so low as to limit payments for month
at the most; that jobless workers with low
seniority won't draw any company pay
ments at ALL 1t isn't very pretty picture.
Knowing this, Mr.. Mcdonald will have
to fight for and win real guaranteed an
nual wage which will cover his workers
throughout the year and not just 26
weeks which is the case of the United
Automobile Workers.
Whether he can accomplish such an in
dustral miracle is not for us to prophesy.
No one knows what will happen once the
forthcoming negotiations get under way.
But the fact remains that Mr.. Mcdonald
will have to leave the negotiating table with
better deal than the one the United Auto
mobile Workers got some time ago. That is
as certain as death and taxes.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16
Croatian immigration
To Allegheny County
p II f f A C X
BY STJEPAN GAZI, Member, Lodge 20

Copyright applied for Rights of republication reserved)
PREFACE
first reached Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the be-
opportunity rendered Depart
the University Of Pittsburgh to do research
subject Of Immigration to Allegheny
County, Pennsylvania
1vas fully atoare Of the short time four
months disposal east project During these
months felt deeply time, especially III re0
the fact that bbography the subject does not ers
forced personally discover the OF material
Losing ent number OF Crodts residing m and
available and Oe through the drchres the Croatan Faterndt
Union of America principal regard historical
pertaining o the Croats in the United States.
also collected through pamphlets Of all kinds
their sundry
institutions in America.
rented monograph from being perfect should haze
present nonethess greatly indebted to and
helped bring this research to end
Mr. Anthony Ton1ac Pittsburgh compatriot of mine,
the financial promoter Of this 1cork Therefore,
h cypress to HIM tceH to Mr. Nholo Plodinec Alt
quppa Coaian Fratenal Union Of America and to
Societies. sincerest thanks for their
rery kind support and assistance.
indebted memory Of the late Russell J.
then head Of the Department of History at the Uni
uery Pittsburgh the critical advce aud guidance he
sudden, uttiuely Of
before monograph ready for suitable pub
before the could be made
further this ted LETT all of cork suspense
Therefore, sincerely Obliged Fratermql
Of of its time honored cultural
the opportunity to finally publish tcork.
grateful Stephen F. Brkch, English Editor
zajednitar' official Organ of
Union of America English test for publication
Last but not least ,fes collaboration IN this cork de-
recognition and my sincerest appreciation.
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May
Stiepuu GusS, Author
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16

following evening, Monday, May p.
On paper, these undertakings may not
represent earth-shaking news to the Gro
United States and over in Canada, for not
every center of the Society is interested
in what another is doing.
But to the Home Office at Pittsburgh
in particular and it's members in Greater
Kansas City in general this is it" This is
a great test in Fraternalism.
TO SAY that our membership In Great
er Kansas City isn't interested in the Gro
atian Fraternal Union would, in sense, be
stretching the truth bit.
Of course there is interest there in the
Society. If there wasn't it's 8 Lodges and
z Junior Nests in the area would long ago
have ceased to exist and the Croatian Fra
ter.nal Union would have been the loser in
a thousand ways.
On the other hand, to say that our men,
bers in Greater Kansas City have been in
active - passive in recent years is
matter of record which no one can deny.
= Hence the decision of the Central Edu-
cational Committee there to take ''the bull
by the horns May 20-21 and ascertain
where Greater Kansas City is going in the
future of Society it once worked for year
in and year out.
We can only hope that the answer in the
end will be "Forward'' 1t is the one word
the Home Office would like to hear above
any other on Tuesday, May %.
OUR REFERENCE to the inactive sta
tus of Greater Kansas City is not to be
construed as an Indictment of our members
in that booming part of the United States.
We could point to equally as inactive
centers of the Society places on the map
where no one is as much as lifting finger
for the welfare of the Croatian Fraternal
Union. In time, we will get around to these
dead areas"
No, our intent today is to congratulate
our members in Greater Kansas City for
agreeing to forget the past and face the
future with confidence in themselves and
their Society.
Whatever it was that plunged Greater
Kansas City into fraternal eclipse in years
gone by is of no Importance now. What to
look forward to is the only thing that mat
ters at the moment to the Socity.
That is as we see 1t on the eve of this
experiment in Fraternalism.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16
100000 Reasons

A ccording to the National Institute of So
~ cial Welfare, there are some 100000
women between the ages of 81 and IS in
America who are jobless, half-starved and
discouraged with life.
These 100000 women are praying for
the strength to reach the age of IS and be-
come eligible for benefits under the present
terms of the Social Security Law.
In praying for that strength they are
also hoping that Congress will lower the
old age pension requirements for women
from IS to 62 and give them break in
their twilight years.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16

barbarity of his attacker.
Do such people think that by depriving
the courageous newspaper columnist of his
eyesight that they will silence his exposure
of labor rackcteering? Rather, they are
inviting not only Mr.. Riesels intensified
crusades against their evils, but an out
ragged public opinion demanding that the
fight go on, = The Pittsburgh Press
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16


actual observation.
According to his obser-
vations: 1.-THE rays come
from all the suns in the
universe and in such abun-
dance that our own sun is
very insignificant by per-
centage. Some of these
rays are of such terrific
power that they can ira
verse through thousands
of miles of solid matter"
This source of energy
is inexhaustible, and to
DR.. Tesla this discovery
was something worth
while to look into and
work upon. 1t would be
cheap and, therefore,
very beneficial to man.
kind.
He called the attention
of contemporary scientists
to his discovery, but they
could not "see" it his way.
Some of them simply called
him a dreamer"
But there are scientists
today who are looking into
it. Some have even attain
ed good results in the ex-
perimental stage. The ato-
mic source of energy, even
if it is not yet used for
peaceful purposes, is rath-
er too expensive from the
economical point of view.
This is at least one of
the reasons why advanced
science looks toward the
cheaper source of energy.
Went To Bonn In 1892
Ever since the famous
Scotch physicist j a m e S
Clark Maxwell (1831-79)
announced his electro-mag-
neric theory, scientists the
world over, as it usually
happens, went to work on
it's experimental verifica-
ton.
Among them was the
German physicist DR..
Heinrich Hertz (1857-94
whose findings caused lex
citement and thrills scarce
ly ever experienced be-
fore"
DIR. Tesla, too, investi-
gated the possibility of
Maxwelps el e ctro-mag-
netic theory. Toward
the end of 1891, DIR. Te-
sla tells us, he was al
ready 80 far advanced
in the development of
these new principles
that he had at his dispo-
sal means vastly super
iOr to those of the Ger
man physicist.
In 1892 DR.. Tesla went
to Bonn, Germany, ito
confer with DR.. Hertz in
regard to his findings and
observations. DR.. Hertz
was disappointed to such
a degree that DR.. Tesla re-
gretted his trip and part
ed from him sorrowfully."
Unfortunately, DR.. Tes-
la forgot the pride" and
"su p e ri ority" Affections
from which many Germans
suffered.
Superior To DR.. Hertz
In connection with the
Wireless System, DR.. Tesla
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16
Y v V
INTRODUCTION
; Stjepan Gu@t, Author

TN the Commons Room of the University of Pttsburghs
towering Cathedral of Learning stands tablet honoring
the memory of those members of this great scholastic
institution who died in the Service of their Country.
Here the visitors may read, among others, such
Horvat, Mavrnac, Miakovc, Vitunac, Ribovc
Masovc, ETC. They the of some of the grand
of Croas who settled in Allegheny County and the
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16

kind in the United States of America and count therefore,
of the most important groups of Americans of
Croatan origin
1t might be of great interest study the history of
these Croats who preferred America to their native
country Here they found homeland which to
become and dear to them, for which their chill
dren fought and died.
More than half Million 20eo of all native Croats,
emigrated to America And what the causes that
made them leave their homes by the of thousands?
How possible that Croas in such "a lovely and rich
country where people the only poor stated by
enlightened French traveer) had to such extremes?
What the forces that justified this exodus?
Why did return to their native land while others
did not? What their expectations their destnes?
How they accepted in the country of their
choice particularly in Allegheny County Pennsylvania?
What manner of problems and struggles did they
encounter before their children could to enjoy the
privilege of being considered Americans without resrc-
tions? Of what nature were their achievements?
In fact, the life of the Croats here in America
They did not distinguish themselves in any
thing but they contributed by their joint ef
forts considerably to the development of Allegheny Coun
ty known internationally for decades and to this day
the workshop of the World" They toled in the coal
mines the mills and plants and of them into
business and diversified trades, thus playing their part
in the history of American industry Today their and
daughters having had the advantage of far better edu
cation, found in all professions side by side with
other Americans.
Thus the purpose of this study is to trace and explain
the ntegraon of the Croaan immigrants into the Amer
lean society of Allegheny County before the advance of
time makes their past too dim to penetrate.
1t shall be my privilege to do these pages in
chapters - II The Causes of Croatian immigration; y
Croatan immigration the United States; 81 Land of
Hope and Destiny ~ The Croats in Allegheny County;
81 Establishment of the Croatian Society of the United
States of America g. Religious Life; y Development of
the Croatan Community and 81 The Croats on the Eve
of World War l.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16

Bro. Gazi was born Aug
ust 9, 1914, in Peteranec,
near Koprivnica, Podravina,
Croatia.
He completed his legal
studies at the University of
Zagreb and studied history
with the Philosophical Fa-
Guilty at Zagreb and at
the Economic Commercial
School in zagreb.
He also studied at the
University Institute Of
Higher International Sci
ences In Geneva, SwTitzer-
land.
He worked for some time
in the Government Office of
Statistics at Zagreb and,
after the agreement of 1910,
received a fellowship to the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
for preparation in diploma
tic services in Geneva. He
was in Geneva at the start
of World War II.
Was In South America
During the last war, bro.
Gazi travelled by way of Ma
drid and Lisbon to London,
maintaining his connections
with his homeland through
Switzerland.
After the cessation Of
hostilities in 1915 he re-
NAMED in emigration un-
til finally, in 1948, he
journeyed first to Argen-
tina, South America, and
then to Winnipeg, Cana
da, i'm the winter of the
same year.
In Winnipeg he was the
political correspondent for
the Croatian publication
"Hrvatski Glasnik" and in
1858 he compiled the "Twen-
ty-Year Record of the Work
of the Croatian Peasants
Organization in Canada"
Moved Here With Family
Bro. Gazi moved from
Winnipeg to Pittsburgh ear
ly in 1855 with his wife and
three small sons.
He obtained at the time
the position of Assistant in
the Department of History
at the University of Pitts
burgh, one of the worlds
greatest such institutions.
The University of Pitts
burgh several years ago
established a special de-
partment to compile in
formation on the Slavs in
w es tern Pennsylvania
and their contributions to
the progress of this, the
greatest industrial section
of America.
The professor in charge
of the project took ill and
was forced to return to Eng
land. Bro. Gazi arrived on
the scene in the proverbial
mick of time" and the work
has since been brought to
completion.
Just how we'll bro. Gazi
succeeded in his work will
be shown once the eight
chapters of his "Croatian
immigration To Allegheny
County" begin to appear on
these pages. Having read
his book, we would say he
met much success.
We welcome this contri-
button of bro. Gazi's to the
history Of our people.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16
THESE 100000 women pose as many

OUU,UUV NOIHtH pOSt dS
reasons why Congress may change the old
age pension requirements in their case.
Since this is an election year Senator's
and Congressman are paying far greater
attention to petitions from their constitu-
ents and there is chance, slim as it may
be- that the Social Security Law may be
amended before Congress adjourns.
If it is amended in this respect, the
change will mean a great deal to these un-
fortunate women = among them members
of the Croatian Fraternal Union.
In fact, we happen to know of several
female members of the Society who would
drop to their worn knees and thank God if
they could come into their old age pension
at the age of 62
We know that the life of these members
is anything but a dignified one; that their
struggles to exist from day to day are
onerous to say the very least.
Imagine, if you can what old age pen
sion benefits at 62 would mean to these
women. Better yet, put yourself in their
place and wonder what you would do if
you found yourself in dire straits at the
age of 81 years.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16

CITY OF Plttsburgh between 1851 and I9I4.
There certainly must be other American
Universities and Colleges where similar
tablets carry the names of Croats descend
ed from the early immigrants to America.
The Croats of Allegheny County were
only part of large contingent which
came here prior to World War l. They
renresent about ten nercent of their own
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16
In Passing

T he doctors verdict that
] Victor Riesel will be
permanently blinded by the
acid thrown in his eyes re-
en1nha sizes the annal Limo
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16

First Broadcasting Plant Erected In
Colorado Springs By DR.. NikoIa Tesla
Late Inventor Demonstrated Phenomena
Before Engineers Sixty-Five Years Ago
By Adam Sudetic, Member, Lodge 519
DETROIT, Mich. - During his investigation of Ro
entgen rays Nkola Tesla found the radiation
of the cosmic ray.
When he erected broadcasting plant at Colorado
Springs Colorado, in $780, the first and only wireless
plant in existence that time, he confirmed his theory
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16

NEXT: CHAPTER 1 - PART
"The Causes of Croatian immigration
Croatias position within the Hapsburg Monarchy
General circumstances affecting Croatia
Political, economic and social causes of emgrat tim
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16

Copyright applied for. Rights of republicat
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16

Educational Committee
of Greater Kansas City
Lodges and to conduct
a Membership Cam
paign Mass Meeting the
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-05-16
Re: Kansas City

wye are about to visit what was once one
w of the most active and productive
centers of the Croatian Fraternal Union OF
America - Kansas City Kansas.
Our schedule calls for us to be the guest
speaker Sunday, May 20, during the Fra
ternal Homecoming Dinner to be held un-
der the auspices of the Society's Central