davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-15
Admiral Says Our Political Problems
Are Greater Than Military Ones

More reporters than specta-
tors were in the caucus room
when Foreign Relations Com
mittee Senators questioned the
Nations top military man and
his civilian boss. Secretary of
Defense Wilson. At issue is the
administrations expanded for
eign aid bill of $40 billion.
1t is now admitted that cuts
in the program during the past
two years were achieved by
emptying the pipelines. Now
they have to be filled again,
hence the increase.
Senators recalled that the
famous old hearing room was
damned to capacity and had a
waiting line outside when Sem
ator Humphrey heard wit
nesses recently on his bill to
enforce humane slaughter upon
the Nations packing houses.
In past years foreign aid and
military figures of Radford's
eminence also have attracted
crowds when they discussed
the American position as COM
pared to Russia.
Present apathy may in part
be due to the fact that Amer
leans now accept foreign aid
as one Of the disagreeable ne
cesSities of life in a cold war
era.
1t is also illustrative of the
role the American presidency
plays in the creation and ex-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-15

Policy-makers in the State
Department admit reluctantly
that the Russians are making
fast and substantial progress
in their campaign to win
friends and influence people
all over the world.
And they admit privately
that they wish to goodness
they could say the same thing
about the United States.
According to analysts who
have studied developments in
the last IL months, the sue
cess of the remarkable and
unexpected Red drive is due
less to the denunciations of
Stains ruthless methods than
to the fact that the overtures
of the new Kremlin team are
backed by a military force
actually in existence.
Many Americans, highly
placed officials as well as av-
erage citizens. do not under
stand that the Old World has
much more respect for power
than fine peaceful intentions.
In the last eight years the
USSR has neglected nothing
to make her land. sea and air
forces the largest in the world.
OF course. this is not difficult
in a dictatorship where there
are no checks on the govern
ment or any expressions of
public opinion.
We do not know how much
the USSR has spent to reach
its military goals. But we do
know that since l948 we have
spent upward Of 5000 billion
for our defense establish
ments and on military and
economic aid to our allies
most of whom are now re-
turning the Soviet smiles.
Senator Symington. chair
man of the committee investi-
eating American air power.
stated recently: I'm 1948 our
Government asserted that we
could not match the USSR
man for man. In 1852 when
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-15
DORIS FLEEsON

Admiral Arthur w. Radford,
chairman of the Joint Chiefs
of Staff, has lent his great
prestige to those who contend
that the Russians are beating
the United States on the politi-
cal and diplomatic fronts Of
the cold war.
The admiral expressed salts
faction with the country's mill
tary posture. He said that
since 1850 we had generated
a very great military strength
which had prevented the
spread Of the Korean war and
an attack on the United States.
But he added:
ut is in the political and
diplomatic field that we have
to worry. The new Russian
approach. their ability to talk
sweet and disarm criticism,
poses new problems for US in
critical areas. There our
troubles are greater than in
the military field"
Answering a question by
Senator Humphrey, he said he
knew of no promise of aid to
any nation made by the Soviet
Union that it did not keep.
He said he hoped the Russians
would run into trouble as they
expanded their promises, but
he agreed with Mr.. Humphrey
that it would be an "unwise
assumption" to suggest that
they couldn't deliver on their
commitments.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-15
Reds to Cut Tor Shft?) Military

is a force several times the
strength Of our own army"
Admiral Radford supported
this argument with the state
ment that it is better to help
allied nations maintain their
armed forces through military
assistance than to attempt Ito
provide United States soldiers
in the absence Of those forces"
He added that, besides the
lack of such unlimited man
power resources that would be
required, the costs would be
prohibitive. even for this coun-
try"
This is the first time high
officials have talked SO bluntly
about the reasons for the for
eign-aid program. Many a boy
not being drafted would be in
uniform today were 1t not for
the allied divisions supported
by the foreign-aid program.
The increased cost of the
Federal budget would be sew
eral times the present $40 bill
lion for foreign aid.
There is, of course, a tend,
ency everywhere to rely less
on conventional forces. The
emphasis instead is on nu-
clear weapons. But the dan
ger is that, if an agreement to
ban the atomic bombs is ever
made or there is mutual for
bearance and failure to use
such weapons, the Soviets
would be stronger In ground
operations in Europe.
1t is suggested by Secretary
Wilson that perhaps the Rus
slams are cutting their armies
because they want to divert
more money to the nuclear
side and that the United
States cannot afford to change
its programs just because
Moscow makes a propaganda
move.
Only when there is a free
government in the Kremlin
and when armed forces are
withdrawn from the satellite
states and their independence
restored. can there really be
any trust that an era of peace
has arrived in Europe.
Reproduction Rishts Reserved.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-15
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Militoy Force to Back Up Overtures
Seen Key to Success of Red Drive


it was revealed that the Rus
slams were building some 500
submarines and had COM
pleted about 800, our officials
said we could not match the
Soviets submarine for SUBJ
marine. Now we are being
told that we can't match them
plane for plane. engineer for
engineer and scientist for
scientist"
And the probable dark horse
at the Democratic convention
in Chicago added: What can
we afford to match them in?"
Many of our service men
have open minds on the abil-
ity and skill of the Russians,
particularly in naval and air
warfare. But our allies in
Western Europe and our
friends in the Middle and Far
East are impressed by the
repeated displays of power in
the USSR and our own admis-
sions that, indeed they have
numerically the strongest mill
tary and air establishments
and are dangerously close to
us in naval power. It is this
realization, and not potential
advantages, which makes CO.
existence SO acceptable.
The political moves of the
men In the Kremlin, it is
noted, occurred only after the.
Soviet military supremacy was
not only solidly established
but also widely known through
out the world. It was only
then that the Kremlin changed
from frowns to smiles. And
then. whenever it's leaders did
not like something, they could
not resist the temptation to
threaten. This was illustrated
during the B g. K visit to
London when Khrushchev, an
noyed by the jeers of the
British public. said loudly that
it was not healthy for anybody
to shake his fist at q Russian.
The new Soviet policy.
analysed from here, appears
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-15
Rudford Points to 'Worry Area

preston of the national will.
So long as the President re-
fuses to admit concern the
public refuses to get excited.
This is especially true of Pres
ident Eisenhower in the mill
tary = foreign affairs realm
where his experience has been
so great.
A parade of witnesses has
been appearing before con-
gressional committees on the
topic of countering the
changed Russian policy, the
successful Russian penetra-
ton Of the Middle East and
Africa. and Russian progress
in nuclear weapons and gen.
eral technology. That parade
is growing very long.
Its message remains rather
simple. The Russians are do
ing fine with their new line.
We have still to devise a
product to outsell theirs. Nor
are all military leaders in ac-
cord with Admiral Radford
that the Pentagon is more
than holding its own.
Perhaps Secretary Wilson,
whose natural candor occa-
sionally bursts the confines of
the teamwork imposed on all
the Eisenhower administra-
ton, has given the answer to
the lack of a creative new pro-
gram. In SO many words he
told the Senators that the
administration recognizes the
new trend but hasn't been able
to make up its mind where
the trend is carrying us.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-15
New Ordeal for Supreme Court

White House civilian COM
mand in the Second World
War. After that. as we know,
he served as Secretary of State
for a time in the Truman adj
ministration. He began his
career here in 1911 as a men,
Der of the House of Represent
atives. serving there IA years,
and afterwards was 10 years
in the Senate, 1874, where
he helped to steer through
Congress some of the most
controversial Roosevelt New
Deal legislation. including re-
forms embroiled in the Roose-
velt-Hughes Supreme Court
fight.
In defense of his criticism
Of the court now and of any
criticism of the court, former
Justice Byrnes very correctly
points out the historical
reality, which is that the SUI
preme Court often has been
criticized. For notable ex-
amples. he refers to Abraham
Lincoln's attacks on the Su-
preme Court for the bred Scott
decision and the recent episode
that he saw first hand, which
vas Franklin D. Roosevelt's
campaign against the court.
Is the former star in the New
Deal galaxy of on a new
Southern crusade that would
be directed against the Eisen-
hover administration through
the Supreme Court. as he pre-
viously turned against the Tru-
man administration? That Is
not clear yet. It is observed,
however, that he is giving his
attack on the court q broad
base by extending 1t beyond
Jne migration decision to
charge the court with warning
on State rights In general. For
this. he pointed to the courts
recent decision. which it re-
affirmed this week, that in
validated State laws forbidding
advocacy Of overthrow OF the
Government by violence on the
ground that this field already
is occupied by the Federal
Government which can proceed
under the Smith Act.
1t is hardly likely that former
Justice Byrnes will be able to
move Chief Justice Warren and
the present court to reorient
its course on segregation as
the Hughes court Of twenty
years ago moved in shifting
itk position on economic issues
OF that day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-15
How to Win Friends, Soviet Style

to say to the non-Communist
world: Accept our smiles and
olive branches at their face
value or bear the consequences
of our military might and the
destructive power OF our atomic
missiles. And don't forget that
we have the initiative"
1t is not surprising that the
majority of our European
allies and many of our friends
in the Middle and Near East
should be impressed and eager
to accept the Kremlin's smiles
at face value. The facts that
the Soviets are slightly lifting
the Iron Curtain, that they
talk about cutting down by
IL million men in their
military establishments of up
ward of Az million and
announce that most of the
nearly 40-year-old concentra-
ton camps are to be abolished
do not mean in the slightest
that they are giving up their
fundamental goal of establish
ing Red dictatorship over the
globe. But they would prefer
doing this with a minimum Of
risk to their homeland. To
achieve this the Communist
leadership feels that it must
first isolate and further sub
vert the United States.
It may be that the visit Of
the Bulganin Khrushchev
team to London has been a
failure from the point of view
of popular British appeal.
But the Moscow propaganda
machine has advertised it as
resounding success. And
when all the details of the
agreements reached in the
British capital are known. it
could be that the Moscow radio
reports were not altogether a
fake.
The Arab world Except for
Iraq) recognizes power above
everything else and has thrown
its lot with the Kremlin. The
conclusion. never impaired Of
f1cially to the American people.
is that our dollar diplomacy
cannot match in this day and
age the Communist diplomacy
of force.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-15
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Former Gov Tamadge out for Adlai Stevenson.
Ada thinks this wonderful breakbut he's what
Kefauver did to deserve it.
Justice Byrnes says the Supreme Court should be
"curbed The court political insists bringing
issues that the Democratic Party can't straddle.
~
Defense Secretary Wilson the Russians to build mil
lions of automobiles can't oubuild the Reds in bombers
the least can do is tie them up in traffic jams
One Washingtonan has read many details of likes
medical reports that when he set of X-ray plates
doctors Office he put out his hand and said: WELL fancy
meeting you here, Mr.. President"
public opinion poll says Midwest farmers aren't mad at
Ike They just want the Government to leave them alone
without Agriculture Secretary Benson.
The Democratic Digest the Republicans have been
losing elections under Ike Democrats figure that if they
make Ike the underdog they claim November that only
the sympathy vote saved him.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-15
Plan to Trim Forces Viewed as Meaning
New Setup of Reserves in CNvies

by the Soyiets in the Presi-
dents plan for aerial inspec-
ton.
Undoubtedly the Soviet move
has propaganda value. The
present Com m unist line
throughout the world is to
picture Soviet Russia as desir-
Gus of peace. while pointing
to the allies and particularly
the United States as placing
an emphasis on military al
liances." 1t Is odd how many
Americans, including some
critics of the administration
in Congress, have swallowed
this line and echoed the Com
munist criticism.
1t is significant. on the other
hand, that the Secretary Of
Defense. Charles E. Wilson,
and Admiral Radford, chair
man of the United States
Joint Chiefs Of Staff. are dis
covering that the only way to
get the foreign-aid program
through Congress is to empha-
size its military aspects. There
isn't any enthusiasm in Con-
gress for foreign-aid expendi-
lures which are not related to
the defense Of this country.
IN testifying before a Senate
committee that SO billion Of
the $40 billion program is for
military aid and a large part
of the remainder is for eco
nomic aid to nations which
furnish military defense to
this country, Wilson said:
ITO cut military assistance
materially at this time would
present serious risks to the
defense Of the United States
and the free world and would
require a complete re-evalua-
ton Of our international posi-
ton and Of our own military
budgets"
The Defense Secretary
pointed out that America now
is helping to support 200 d.
visions in allied armies, which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-15
DAVID LAWRENCE

When the Soviet Union an
nounces a "cut" Of IL million
men in her army. which in all
totals at least 5 million, it's
the same thing as saying that
henceforth a reserve" of men
wearing civilian clothes will go
on duty in the forced labor
camps and in other projects
of the government,
Recently returned visitors
from Soviet Russia say it is
difficult to tell where the
army begins and ends-there
are so many persons under the
direct discipline Of the govern
ment in the work camps and
in the factories. The Soviets
maintain quasi-military armies
of civilians" on duty through
out the country from the Baltic
to the Pacific.
But it would be a mistake to
assume that the Kremlin was
actuated merely by a desire to
deceive the allies. There is
probably a much more vital
reason for the announcement,
and that's internal. The un-
popularity of military service
throughout Russia is well
known. The "cut" could be a
move to placate sentiment in
ternally, where the burdens
of armament are beginning to
cause concern to the rulers.
For the Soviet people know
that they could have more con-
sumner goods if so much money
and labor were not required
for arms and munitions Of
war.
The official reaction here,
not only in the executive de-
partments but in Congress. is
one Of puzzlement. 1t is as
serted that, if the "cut" were
sincere, then it should have
been possible for the recent
talks in London on "disarma-
ment" to have made more
progress and that there would
have been more interest shown
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-15
THOMAS [. STOKES
Southern Assaults on Indignation Ruling
Recall Attocks by Roosevelt

Chief Justice Earl Warren
is undergoing an ordeal which
recalls the one endured twenty
years ago by another Chief
Justice who was, like our pres
ent Chief Justice. a Republican
by party affiliation.
Though the present attack
on the Chief Justice and the
Supreme Court because Of its
school indignation decision
comes chiefly from one section
Of the Nation, the South, and
represents a minority. if a
vociferous one. it is neverthe-
less the hottest conflict that
has ragged about the Supreme
Court since that august body
came under fire when the late
Charles Evans Hughes was
Chief Justice during the Roose-
welt New Deal.
There are, of course, marked
differences.
The attack on the court un-
der Chief Justice Hughes came
from a President of the United
States in the full flush Of a
great election triumph, a Dem
ocrat, Franklin D. Roosevelt.
who precipitated the battle
early in 1887 after his tumultu-
Gus landslide reelection to a
second term. The attack. which
Immediately divided the coun-
try into hostile camps, was
based on the action Of the
court in knocking out New
Deal economic reform meas
ures. 1t took the form Of a
bill designed to neutralize the
conservatives of the court of
that day. most Of them elderly
men. This it would have ac-
complished by adding a new
justice to the court-whence
the term "packing"-for every
sitting justice who was 70
years Of age or over and who
did not retire. In this age
group we're six Of the nine JUS
tees. including the recognized
liberal champion. Justice Louis
D. Brandeis.
The bill never became law.
1t did, however. serve as club
to bring a change in attitude
by the court. Chief Justice
Hughes. seeing the threat to
the court and its prestige, skill
July Unanswered it into &C
ceSting. though by close mar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-15

gins. reform measures there
after sponsored by the Roose-
welt administration.
Economic reform was then
the issue and was bitterly
fought between conservatives
and the Roosevelt New Deal.
Controversial ideas and meas
ures of 20 years ago. however,
are now accepted generally by
those who fought them then.
including a substantial part of
the Republican Party. as well
as some Southern Democrats.
The issue on which Chief
Justice Warren and his court
are buffeted today is in the
social category.
Because the public school
indignation issue would change
long-existing customs and ira
ditions in the South, it has
aroused bitterness far beyond
that of The Observation-Disclosures
Supreme Court tug Of war, and
perhaps far beyond what Chief
Justice Warren, a Californian.
had anticipated. Outcries
against the court have been
many and separate from the
South, and are increasing in
number and force.
Now the critics seem to
have found a champion who
appears intent upon intensity
ing and broadening the issue.
This champion, James F..
Byrnes of South Carolina. OBJ
viously has found a new issue.
He had dropped out of public
notice when he retired as
Governor Of South Carolina
last year. In that role he had
dramatized himself nationally
in 1852 by boiling to Gen.
Eisenhower from the Demo-
cratic Party under which ne
had served so long and from
which he had received so many
honors.
His new battle cry. THE
Supreme Court must be
curbed," is explained and
analysed exhaustively in a
lengthy article he wrote
against the Indignation de-
cision for ~ s. News and
World Report" Mr.. Byrnes
served upon the Supreme
Court, l941-42. by appointment
~ President Roosevelt, resign
Ing to take q top role in the
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-08-24

Linda, OF Arlington visited Mr.. and
Mrs. T. V. Owen for a few days
last week The Deierhois and
Charles Beck were entertained with
picnic supper at Goodwin Lake
Tuesday evening Their hosts were
Mr.. and Mrs. T. v Owen Jr.. and
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Owen.
The Home Demonstration Club
met with Mrs, T. V, Owen Tuesday
night.
Mrs Anna Grayser. of Richmond,
is visiting Mr. and Mrs. L. 7 Nun
naly.
Mrs. Pay Malnick and children
returned to their home at Norfolk
Sunday after a visit With Mr.. and
Mrs n. A. Ravens.
Mr.: and Mrs. Robert Price. of
Greensboro. were dinner guests on
Sunday of Mr. and Mrs. H A. Hav
ems.
Mr.. and Mrs. Maury Price and
children. Of Crewe. were Sunday
dinner guest of Mr.. and Mrs. W l..
Price.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-08-24
Darlington Hgts.

A number of people from Pros
pect and Darlington Heights at
tended the Southern States Cooper
alive progr M at Darlington
Heights School last Thursday even
ing
Jerry Carwile, son of Mr. and
Mrs. H.. E Carwile. Jr,. is recover
ing satisfactorily at Virginia Bap-
tits Hospital in Lynchburg after an
appendectomy
The VIVA organization of Spring
Creek Church gave surprise
birthday party for their leader. Mrs.
E. A. Payne Those attending the
party were Nancy and Anne Bailey,
jean Scruggs. Alice Layne, Jackie
Scruggs, Lorraine Mabry. Kathryn
Bollinger and visitor Helen Ma
SON
Mr. and Mrs. E, A. Payne and
children and Lee Pickett. of MaSsa
chuSettS, visited Mr. and Mrs. Bail
ey Wilkins in Amherst Sunday
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-08-24
Green Bay News Events
Fire Destroys Full Tobacco Barn

Mrs. Ruth Sutherlin. of Fairfield,
Iowa. is spending a few days with
MIR. and Mrs. Bruce Hayden. Mrs.
Sutherlin is Mr. Hayden's aunt.
Mr.. and Mrs. Royland Via of
Lynchburg. spent several days last
week with Mr.. and Mrs. C. B. Gar
rett. Wednesday. they visited Mr..
Garrettsweek end guest were Mr..
and Mrs. James Garrett and daugh-
ters. Misses Betty Jean and Bar
bara Ann. of Lynchburg, and Miss
Nellie Holmes. of Binghampton
N. Y.
Mr. and Mrs. c. c. Williams and
baby spent the week end with her
mother. Mrs. W. S. Cheatham. and
Mi Cheatham.
Calvin Smith. Of Duke University
was week end guest of Mr.. and
Mrs. c. B. Beck.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-08-24
T'uggggle

Rev Alvin Smith of Hampden-
Sydney will preach in Appomattoy
P E. Church next Sunday morning
at II o'clock
Ire Young Adult Group of the
church will sponsor and oldfashlon-
ed hymn sing at the church next
Sunday night at O'Clock MIS-.
Claude Slayton is chairman of this
program.
The Young People of the Church
honored Miss Helen Kelsey with a
birthday and going away party last
Saturday night at her home near
here. She viii leave soon to teach
school
Mrs. Margaret Bowman n d
daugters of Richmond. spent last
week with Mr.. and Mrs. F. c.
Shult2.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lyle Woodbridge had
las guests last week end their chill
dren. Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas Harold
anu chIlQlen. MI ana Mis-. u
SYsCo and children. all Of Richmond,
and Nh. and Mrs Gene Woodbridge
and son. of Petersburg
Miss Joyce Orange, of Richmond,
spent last week END with her par
cnts. Mr. and Mrs Frank Orange.
Miss Lena Rose Simpson was a
+ guest OF Mr.. and Mrs l. r Hud-
dleston, of Columbia, last week end
Friends wish a speedy recovery
for Mrs. Wallace Woodson who is
sick