davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07

this movement" he told the
meeting.
DR.. Stillwell said the current
indignation problems came about
because "the white people have
not been. sufficiently awakened"
ana that. if they had been or
ganized. indignation would have
been stopped before now. He
added that too many white
people placed the entire respon-
sibility on their school boards
and this often meant "pitting
seven men against the full power
of the NAACP."
The educator also expressed
the fear that "the public school
system which has made this
country great will become an
assembly Of children whose par
ents cannot pay the tuition"
He asked sensible Negroes"
to help the whites save America
from that downward road"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07
Negroes Shun School,
Sturqis Martial Law Near

operating 100 per cent with the
State government.
Gen. Williams and Mr.. Stur-
gill said they had received re-
ports that parents of the stu
dents had been subjected to
heavy economic pressure.
Parents of some of the youths
work in nearby coal Mines" Gen.
Williams said. land it is reported
some were told they would lose
their jobs if the Negro children
remained in Sturgis High
School,"
THESE rumors and reports
have been turned over to the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
to check any possible violation
of civil rights" the National
Guard commander said.
Seven men were arrested on
breach of peace charges yester-
day when the fist-swinging
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07
vigi|antesDue
ToRu|eC|inton

CLINTON. Tenn. Sept. 7 (P.
A vigilante police force has
been reorganized as part of Clin-
tons gradual conditioning for
the day, still undiscloSed. when
the National Guard pulls out
completely-leaving law enforce
ment entirely on local shoulders.
The design is to prevent any
demonstrations against racial
indignation of Clinton High
School after the Guard is gone.
Attendance at the high school
is rising daily, after a sharp drop
at the beginning of the week.
Yesterday. 1894 students-includ-
ing all IL Negroes-showed up,
compared with 324 the day be-
fore. Total enrolment now is
800, six white students having
transferred to other schools.
A lack of serious disturbances
during the past three days has
led the Guard to send 200 of its
original 633-man force home.
The Guard was sent in Sunday
to quell riots which followed the
court-ordered indignation last
week.
Nevertheless. Mayor w. E..
Lewallen and numerous respon-
sible citizens have expressed
worry lest the withdrawal of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07

STURGIS, KY. Sept. 7 (R=
Nine Negro students stayed home
today as State officials stood
ready to declare martial law if
necessary to control angry crowds
threatening the colored students
who enrolled in previously all
white Sturgis High School.
National Guard and State DO
lice officials said they already
had the papers necessary for de-
claring martial law but at the
moment thought it was not
needed.
Adjutant General J. ]. B.
Williams said, THE Governor in
Structed me to use it (martial
law if it becomes necessary.
That is one of the last things 1
want to do"
Gen. Williams. in charge of
National Guardsmen in this
Western Kentucky mining and
farming community, announced
the colored students would not
attend school today. Reports
had been circulated a crowd of
1000 was expected to gather
today.
800 Gather Today
Gen. Williams estimated only
300 persons gathered in front
OF the school this morning. The
crowd was mostly quiet and or
derly. One man was arrested
on a breach of the peace charge
when he refused to move on
when ordered by a State trooper.
School buses bringing white
children to the building were
less than half filled. Fewer than
100 children were in classes.
A National Guard tank was
parked in front of the school
entrance. Other tanks were sta
toned at each end of the block
In which the school is located.
Don Sturgill, Kentucky'S dep
uty safety commissioner, in
Creased the number of State DO
|licemen on duty to SO. Eighteen
State police cruisers were parked
in front of the school building
this morning. National Guard
troops also manned machine
guns set up around the building
School an Armed Camp
Other troops patrolled the COR
ridors. classrooms and side
walks with carbines and burp
guns.
The safety commissioner also
reported local officials were CO.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07

under oath regarding the failure
of colored students to register
L. Clifford Davis, attorney for
the Negro students, filed the no.
tice. He declined comment
when asked whether he expects
to use the dispositions in further
legal steps to show that the
district and it's officials should be
held in contempt of court.
School Continues Quiet
For the second successive day
all was peaceful at the Mansfield
High School.
Gov. Shivers told his news
conference:
Il believe my orders proved to
be a wise action by the quietnesS
at Mansfield now, particularly as
compared to the Tennessee Sit
uation which is still in an up
roar.
Paid agitators are causing
these situations, not school Off
Gals or the school kids. Unfor-
tunately there are a good many
white people in the NAACP who
furnish finances and do most of
the agitating."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07

Sees Organization Need
Junior college students are
young men and women mature
enough to study the effects of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07

populace attempted to stop entry
OF the nine Negro youths into
the school.
Bayonets Restrain Citizens
Previously the Negro students
had gone to Dunbar High, an all
Negro high school at Morgan
field, II miles away. They at
tempted to enter school Tues
day also but were driven home
by a crowd of angry citizens.
The guardsmen, with fixed
bayonets, kept 800 persons back
from the sidewalks yesterday as
the students marched to classes
escorted by State police.
Last night a White Citizens
Council was formed at a meet
ing OF about 1000 citizens and a
spokesman for the group, w. w.
Waller. a wealthy farm imple-
ment dealer from Morganfield,
said he would urge county Off
Gals today to ask Gov. Chandler
to recall the militia.
Throughout the night State
police patrolled the colored Sec
ton of town after several per-
sons there received threatening
telephone calls.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07

Just a State order for law and
order"
At President EiSenhower's news
conference Wednesday the Pres
ident was asked if Gov. Shivers'
action ordering out the Rangers
could be considered in defiance
of the Supreme Court Indignation
order. The President said he did
not know the circumstances.
Crowds Gathered at School
Gov. Shivers ordered the
Rangers to Mansfield last Friday
after angry crowds gathered on
the high school grounds to pre-
vent Negroes from enrolling at
the high school, which Federal
courts had ordered integrated.
Gov. Shivers also suggested to
the Mansfield school board that
it transfer out of the school dis
trict any student, white or COL
ored. whose presence might
cause violence.
A notice filed yesterday in
United States District Court at
Fort Worth set September II for
three officials of the Mansfield
independent school district to
appear and give oral dispositions
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07
LOST

ALLIGATOR PURSE, vic. Of sears, new
Sc. store; valuable papers and identi-
ncation. II found please mail papers
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07

CAT, black and white, astray, mostIy
Persian and very. shy: name mo" or
a siSSe e1 LaEfI 5 aodS5t reward MHS'
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07
Sheehun. Legislator
From Illinois, Weds

CHICAGO, Sept. 7(P.-Repre-
sentative Timothy p. Sheehan,
Republican of Illinois, and
Marilyn Muehl. secretary of a
publishing company, were mar
ried yesterday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Sheehan are
leaving today for Ireland, where
he will be one of six House men,
bers to represent the United
States in the dedication of a
statue to Commodore John Barry,
Irish patriot who served in the
United States Navy in the
Revolutionary War.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07

Guard will signal the start for
new incidents.
Last night. an auxiliary police
force-to be part of the Ander-
son County Civil Defense organi-
zation-was organized. Leo
Grant, the Oak Ridge attorney
who led the vigilantes before the
Guard arrived, again was put in
charge.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07
3 Turned Away
In Texarkdna

TEXARKANA, Tex. Sept. 7
(P.-Three Negro boys who at
tempted to enter Texarkana
Junior College to take entrance
examinations were turned back
by a white picket line.
The formation of the picket
line was the latest in a series of
demonstrations which followed
the enrolment of two Negro
girls Wednesday at the previous
ly all-white school.
First reports did not indicate
how many people gathered on
the campus today. Glasses are
scheduled to begin Monday.
Shots were fired last night
over the Church of the Living
God while a Negro choir prac-
ticed inside, and a cross was
burned at the Texarkana CTex.)
High School.
Cross Burns on Campus
A cross was burned on the
college mpus Wednesday
night. and Thursday morning a
Negro was hanged in ef1igy and
a shotgun blast was fired into
a service station owned by two
Negroes.
The two Negro girls had the
backing of a Federal court order.
The president of Texarkana
Junior College told a prosegrega-
ton group last night that if
indignation lowers educational
standards cit is not only your
right but your duty to resist it. "
DR.. H. w. Stillwell. referring
to the enrolment of the two
colored girls, said, IF integra-
ton comes l had much rather
1T came at the junior college
level"
Sees Organization Need
Junior college students are
young men and women mature
enough to study the effects of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07
Shivers Defends Calling
roops in Mansfield

AUSTIN Sept lF-Gov. Allan Shiver told a confer
yesterday the quetness Mansfield he right
in ordering Texas Rangers to the mob-theatened town.
II did what thought best to and order
and to protect law-abidng citizens" the said.
THAT order defiance was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07
LI, navy blue yomsn',;, lost ,l4th
FOUND

CAT, maltese. white, vie 8 Lee 81
owner % GOOD Va. home XII. a-3e5a.
KEYS. found IN alley q 500 block Mart
eta and Madison 81 nv owner may
have same By IDENTIFYING To. 2.750a
PARAkEET. cobalt blue. female. found
We White House Cal tx 3-b51g OF
IA h-tp77
PARAkIET blue near All Court House
~. 2.a21e. efea.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-12-15
4:do>iuA
Financing Montana's Schools

THE MOST PRESSING question that
will confront the state legislature is the pro-
vision of more adequate funds for the sup
port of the primary and secondary schools,
and for the rapidly growing institutions of
the states university system. Increasing en-
rollmentS and higher costs all along the line
have resulted in very real emergency.
Most of MontanaS citizens believe thor
oughly in good education for their children
and their grandchildren. And they realize
that adequate education for the young peO-
pie of this modern, fast-mOving age requires
not only good elementary and secondary
schools but strong system of higher educa-
ton as we'll.
In view of the almost universal desire
for good schools and colleges that will pro-
vide an improving quality of education for
the growing number of students, it goes
almost without saying that the people of
Montana will approve any fair and reason
able provision for increased financial sup
port that can be provided by the legislature.
The problem lies in determining the
best method of raising more money for these
educational purposes. Property already
bears heavy burden of taxation in Mon
tana. Our property taxes are proportion
ately higher than in other western states.
While probably the easiest tax to col
lect, the sales tax is perhaps the most in
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-12-15

equitable of any revenue raising measures
becauseS it rests most heavily on those least
able to pay. Families whose expenditures
are limited largely to the necessities of life,
or those having larger number of children,
are required to pay out a greater share of
their income on sales tax program. Those
with heavy medical expenses also would
pay as much in sales taxes as a taxpayer of
similar income without such expenses.
There are ways in which some of these
evils of the sales tax can be offset to some
degree, but there is no way that we know
Of to eliminate all Of the unfairness of this
kind of a tax About the only sound argu-
ment in favor of sales tax is that it would
enable the state to derive some income from
tourists and transientS
1t is difficult to escape the conclusion
that the fairest method of raising additional
funds for educational purposes is through
an adjustment in the state income tax even
though individual and corporate income
taxes, particularly the federal taxes, already
constitute heavy burden.
If there is any consolation to the tax
payer in this outlook, it may lie in the real
Hation that the percentage of the peoples
net income paid out in all local, state and
federal taxes in Montana combined is now
the lowest of any in the eleven western
states.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-12-15
MOntana's New Wheat Problem

SINCE THE HOMESTEADING days,
Montana hard spring and winter wheatS
have enjoyed top demand from the milling
industry Of the United States. For the past
half century the growers of the state have
had very little trouble holding the front
rank in the quality wheat parade.
But now, almost with the SuddennesS
of the seat dropping off the tractor, serious
buyer resistance has developed, particularly
with respect to winter wheat
"BaSed on our results over the last three
years, you definitely have quality problem
with your winter wheats," the executive OF
a large Texas baking concern wrote Mon
tana miller recently. eve also feel that
your spring wheats are slipping in COMPARE
son to North Dakota.
s'What to do about the problem is of
course up to the State College In Montana,
the farmers in the state of Montana and the
farmer cooperatives of the state, as well
as the grain handlers and millerS of Mon
tana wheat. The farmers of other states
have come to realize that they must produce
for the market place and not for the gov
eminent alone. am sure that the farmers
in YOUR state are also aware of this fact.
We, as bakers, must of necessity seek out
the types of flour that will produce the
bread our customers prefer. would here
like to emphasize that the baker today is
not making demands upon the miller and
farmer that are unrealistic.
''The vast majority of bread consumers
of today not only prefer but insist on
light, soft, fluffy loaf of bread, yet they still
insist that the bread have meaty, crumb
structure. To satisfy our customers, we as
bakers must insist on flour that will pro-
duce the kind of bread the public insists
on. We cannot satisfy this demand without
the proper kind of flour any more than
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-12-15

you can make flour out of sand.
GAS | understand it, you already have
in existence the necessary improvement or
ganization and a fine state agricultural col
Iege with skilled scientists in the plant
breeding field. With such foundation, you
should be able to make vast improvement
in relatively short time"
AgronomistS of Montana Experiment
Station have been working on this problem
for several years. We understand that they
will soon announce two or three new vari-
cites of wheat which will be climatically
adapted to certain restricted problem areas
of the state and which will have definite
advantages in milling quality over those
now being grown.
These particular new varieties, how
ever, will not be the answer for ma or wheat
producing areas of central and northern
Montana. While encouraging progress is
being made on this larger problem, more
time, money and scientific study will be
required before it is solved.
The Cheyenne variety of winter wheat
has been tested by the experiment station
in recent years and has been found to be an
improvement over Yogo and other present
winter wheat varieties from the milling
quality standpoint. But it is not considered
to have sufficient winter hardness for the
greater part of central and northern Mon
tana. Plant breeders do say that Cheyenne
can be grown in satisfactory way by all
farmers who have successfully grown Kar-
mont and NeWturk.
When it comes to quality wheat produc-
ton Montana has substantial advantages of
climate and soil, although the bumper crops
of the 40's and early SOS have taken their
toll of the mineral content Of some of our
soils If prompt and adequate financial sup
port can be given to the research program,
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-12-15
MONTANA FARMER-STOCKMAN

COVERS MONTANA AND NORTHERN WYOMING
LESTER COLE, Publisher: DON r. BOSIEY Feature
Editor; LARRY GILL, Livestock Editor; EARL STEFFANI
Staff Artist RAY ONION, Rowing Reporter ED SAXTON
Livestock Fiedman, Box 713, Helena, Montana.
Department Editors AMY MARTIN, Rural Homes DEPART
ment; DR.. j. w. Stafford, Veterinary Department; RALPH
d. MERCER, Soils Crops; BOYD ELLIS. Poultry
ERIC B. WILSON, Farm Mechanics; DR. JOHN W. HOI-
LAND, Thoughts Life GILBERT GUSLER, Market
ANALYST; OSCAR L. MOLDENHAUER Weather Forecast;
MONT H. SAUNDERSON, Ranch, Farm Management H. L.
DUSENBERRY, Irrigation.
Advertising Representatives, Western Associated Farm
% E. Jackson NEW YORK Is, William T. Woodruff,
Manager, Fifth Ave SAN FRANCISCO S, j. j. Maus,
Manager, 7O7 Sharon Building.
Member of Associated Farm Papers, Audit Of
Circulation and Agricultural Publishers Association
SUBSCRIPTION PRICES for five years. 81 for three
years, 81 for year; Canada year, So
RENEWAL AND CHANGES-u the date on your label
remittance, please you change of address,
give both and old postoffices.
ADVERTISING-FuI information regarding advertising
rates, etc. sent application Subscribers requested
to mention promptly to any advertiser who fails to
live up to his advertising agreement.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-12-15
IS HdzS55 ii l)izldE

ga fair and equitable return on labor
input and capital investment in agricultural
productive effort would be a much more
reasonable basis for making determination
of where real parity of income for agricul-
ture might lie," says HerSchel D. NeWSom,
Master of the National Grange, ethan to con-
tinue to make that determination on the
purchasing power that may have been de-
rived from the agricultural production in
some historic base period"
The average farmer leaves 8 per cent Of
his corn crop in the field because of ineffi-
cient harvesting or defective equipment,
according to USDA survey. Loss in har-
veSting wheat crops for similar reasons is
probably fully as high. SCATTERING of grain
due to wind prior to harvest is frequently
even more serious.
There is growing support in Congress
for buShelage marketing quotas in place of
acreage allotmentS Other changes which
will receive serious consideration would
permit unrestricted production of wheat
on small farms where it is all fed to live
stock, extend the production payment plan
to other commodities in addition to wool,
and establish the food stamp plan.
Members of the Agriculture Committee
of Congress say they get more mail regard
ing humane livestock slaughter and stricter
poultry meat inspection than on all other
questions combined.
Pelleted barley is equal to corn pound
for pound as feed for hogs The cost of
pelleting the grain for hog feeding is more
than offset by the higher protein content.
In extensive tests pigs gained an average
of 1.3 pounds daily on pelleted barley ra-
ton, compared with IL pounds on corn
ration that contained so per cent more pro-
tein supplement. The wider the spread be-
tween corn and barley prices, the greater
the advantage of feeding barley.
eve know, but we must continue to tell
others, that reclamation farms grow prin-
cipally row and speciality crops and fruits
and provide pastures and hay and forage
for livestock feeder operations. hope that
we have pretty well laid to rest the argu-
ment that reclamation projects contribute
to the existing SURPRISES of farm products y
Wilbur A Dexheimer, Reclamation Com
missioner.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-12-15

there is reason to believe that improved
varieties can be developed which will again
give Montana wheat top market acceptance.
Wheat is Montana's greatest revenue pro-
Queer so the Importance of this wheat vari-
ETY. project can hardly be over-emphasized.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-12-15

December IS. 1866
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-09
MI. Rodcliffe
Wed in New York

Baron and Baroness AlfonS
w. de Csepel of New York City
announce the marriage of their
daughter Mary jeanne to Mr..
Richard w. Radcliffe, son of
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry e. Rad
cliffe of Washington.
The wedding took place
Thursday in Christ Church.
Methodist. in New York City,
with the bridegroom's uncle,
the Rev. Richard Radcliffe of
Philadelphia, and the Rev.
John Bartle Everts of Christ
Church, performing the cere-
mony.
The bride graduated from
the Oberlin Conservatory of
Music. and received a masters
degree from the Manhattan
School Of Music. She was a
member of the faculty of the
National Cathedral School for
Girls here.
The bridegroom is a gradu-
ate of Yale University and
served with the Army during
World War II.
After a trip to Europe. the
couple will reside in New York.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-09
Peanut Mollows

After a brisk game OF golf or
beside a brightly burning log in
the fireplace, there's nothing
like crunchy peanut mallows
to still the appetite Of your
friends and family.
"a cup butter
" cup peanut butter
12 pound marshmallows 1922
5 cups ugar-coated cereal
Melt butter, peanut butter,
marshmallows over hot water,
stirring constantly. Fold mix
ture into cereal in large bowl,
stirring gently until cereal is
evenly coated. Turn into
CREASED square pan. Pat out
evenly. Cut into bars.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-09
Store Hours. 1000 am. 70 600 pm.

A brides UiesD
Of GARFINCKEL'S
In this time of great
excitement certain places
become even more
important
the Third Floor
Bridal Salon
where Suzanne CooIican,
our bridal consultant,
or one OF her capable
assistants viii bring
forth wedding and
bridesmaid dresses until
the bride decides
what is perfect for the
type Of wedding she wants.
Also here is our
Wedding Gift Registry
where she may sec
a selection of linens
china, crystal and silver
patterns combined, and
register her selected
patterns and gift
preferences.
On the Third Floor
our Fashion COnsultant.
Mrs. Shepherd,
win help her select a
perfect trousseau.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-09

In the First Floor
Stationery Shop
the bride viii find many
styles Of fine engraving
to choose from for her
invitations or
announcements,
her stationery trousseau.
And shortly before the
wedding a visit to the
Seventh Floor
Antoine Salon will SEQ
that she looks her most
radiant for that most
important day.
GrOOm's view Of
GarfinckeI's focuses
mainly on the First Floor
for wedding rings, fine
mems furnishings and the
Second Floor for
impeccably tailored mems
clothing.
On the Second Floor
also Is the
American Express
Travel Bureau where he
knows all hotel and
travel reservations win
h handled car.bIv