davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-17
Death of Federal School Aid Bill

no objection to it. For the
fact is that Federal funds
could be withheld even with
out the Powell amendment or
its counterpart. The admin
istration mas a legal opinion
from the Department Of JUS
tice which is being used every
day by the Presidents inter-
racial commission. 1t claims
the right of the Federal Gov
eminent at any time to cancel
any contract with any agency,
public or private. which per-
mits discrimination in employ
ment on the basis of race
or creed or color or national
origin"
The text of this important
opinion has never been dis
closed. though presumably the
public has a right to know the
exact contents of such an i'm
portant document that sup
ports an executive order.
It's the knowledge that a
threat exists to use Federal
authority-even in the absence
of a Powell amendment-to
withhold funds from schools
in the South which may
prevent any school bill from
ever being passed. 1t may lead
to a demand for a specific
stipulation in the law declar-
ing that nothing in this or in
any other law gives the Fed
eral Government the right to
withhold funds except for the
reasons given in the measure
itself.
What is surprising about
the whole controversy is the
assumption made by the lib
erals" that those who voted
for the Powell amendment
should be reprimanded by
President Eisenhower for vot-
ing their convictions. They are
being upbraided for express
ing themselves conScientiously.
Because they are mostly Re-
publicans. Eisenhower is be-
ing held responsible for their
votes.
One wonders who is respon-
sible for what the Southern
Democrats did and for the
votes of those Democrats who
don't want Federal interfer-
ence in schools on any score.
The theory that the presi-
dency is a sort of benevolent
dictatorship and that the
Congress must become a rub
Der stamp" has lately become
popular doctrine with many of
the so-called liberals"
Reproduction Rights Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-17
DORIS FLEEsON
Imagination Is Noted in Presidents
Panama Visit and Near East Shifts

The Eisenhower administra-
ton is flnessing in both for
eign and domestic policy these
days with considerable imagi-
nation and nerve.
The Presidents long flight to
the hot climate of Panama for
q three-day meeting of the
American states will suggest
two things at home.
1t will show him in the
peace-waging role in which he
is universally popular. 1t will
emphasize the contention of
his aides that there is really
nothing more to be said about
that little old ileitis operation.
United Press dispatches re-
port that on his return to his
White House desk the Presi-
dent still was wearing
bandages from his June 9 OPP
Grafton. The need for periodic
changing Of this dressing was
cited as the reason for the con-
slant attention of the Presi-
dents surgeon at Gettysburg.
Clearly, therefore, in the
Panama trip the President is
making a sporting effort un-
der some handicaps. The fact
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-17

that he is willing to do so
should dispose of any notion
that he is being dragooned
into running against his will.
Still, Latin America is not
one of the areas of world cri-
sis. Published reports from
there suggest that the Presi-
dents visit is stirring the
skeptics. " 1t remains to be seen
whether the President will
move to stiffe the critics by
greater economic aid and
offering a new program of
closer collaboration.
Foreign Relations Senators
already have commented ad-
versely on the fact that he
set aside plans to meet with
Prime Minister Nehru of India
"a true figure of crisis-but
would go to Panama. They
have now been handed by the
State Department an impor-
tant new slate of Middle East
diplomatic changes to chew on.
While Nehru and Colonel
Nasser of Egypt confer with
Tito of Yugoslavia on a third
force to oppose both the So
VETS and the West, the Sen
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-17
Possibility of Max Bishops Losing Post
Seen in Dispute With CORRESPONDENTS

Republican and Democratic
Senate leaders are concerned
over reports from Thailand
concerning strife between
American correspondents in
Bangkok. supported subrosa
by some members of the EN-
bassy staff, and Ambassador
Max Bishop.
Bishop was appointed to
Thailand some six months ago,
succeeding John Peurifoy who
was killed in an automobile ac-
cident. His appointment was
strongly supported by Senator
Walter George, the powerful
chairman of the Foreign Rela-
tions Committee.
Neither the Senators who
confirmed Bishop nor the high
level State Department person.
mel who recommended him to
President Eisenhower for APP
pointment had any idea that
he would soon become a CON
troversial figure" He is known
to be a conservative foreign
service officer with far more
than average experience in
Far Eastern affairs. He served
with distinction under former
Ambassador Joseph Grew, had
been one of Gen. Douglas Mac
Arthur's political advisers in
Tokyo and before going to
Thailand had served as adj
wiser to Undersecretary of
State Herbert Hoover, jr.
In the department, Bishop
belonged to the policy advisers
group which favored an un-
yielding policy toward Com
munist China and objected
whenever he was given the OPP
portunity to any relaxation of
that policy. He was among
those foreign service officers
who believed-and expressed
the opinion-that John p.
Davies, John Carter Vincent
and John Service had not been
wronged when they we're
ousted from the diplomatic
service. He said freely that
their indiscretions or lack of
political judgment, as was
revealed in a number of hear
ings. had terminated their use
fulness in the American diplo-
matte corps. These opinions
resulted in his being frowned
on by some other foreign serv-
ice officers who were dis
satisfied with the decisions of
the Secretary of State.
All these facts were we'll
known. however, by the heads
of the department when Bish-
ops name was suggested to
President Eisenhower and also
were known to the Foreign
Relations Committee when he
was confirmed. His sponsors
for the position were inter
ested in his ability as a diplo-
mat and his views on the Far
East which reflected those of
Secretary Dulles, Undersecre-
tary Hoover and Assistant
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-17
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Case of U.S.. Envoy to ThoiIond

r. Mccormick. widow of the
publisher of the Chicago Trib-
une, to go to Communist
China. He informed her that
such a trip would be contrary
to the best interests of the
United States and pointed out
that under existing regula-
tons her passport would be
seized if she attempted to
cross the border from Hong
Kong.
On her return to the United
States Mrs. Mccormick gave
an interview in which she re-
lated that the Ambassador.
upon being informed of her
intentions, became violent and
SHOOK his fist in my face at a
dinner given by the British
Ambassador" She further am
plified the incident by saying
that Bishop had told her that
he was not afraid of anybody
since he controlled half the
United States Senate"
Bishop. who gesticulates like
an excited Frenchman when
he talks, denied emphatically
these statements and stated
that while I do not recall any
reference to the Senate in our
conversation. l do not believe
that there is a single individual
Senator or Representative un-
der control of any individual"
But the private cabal which
has developed against the AMI
bassador in Bangkok may re-
suit in his losing his diplomatic
head and the State Department
losing an able foreign service
4AlAAx
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-17
DORIS FLEEsoN
Some u. S. Foreign Policy Moves

ate will be considering moves
to shore up the West in Greece
and in Egypt.
The British have warned
the United States that the
Greek situation is crucial.
They expect the Greeks to
move toward Tito unless the
British yield on Cyprus, which
is described as impossible be-
cause then the Turks might
move militarily on Cyprus.
George v. Allen. the immense
ly competent Assistant Sec
rotary of State for Middle
East-African Affairs and for
mer Ambassador to Iran.
India and Yugoslavia, is slated
for Greece.
Ambassador Henry Byroade
who staked his future on Col.
NasSer's good intentions to-
ward the west, lost that gam
BILE and will pay the price Of
demotion to South Africa.
The always-suspicious poll
ticians are raising the ques-
ton Of whether or not Byroade
was being made an election
year scapegoat to appease the
pro-Israel Jewish voters. Israel
had certainly long warned
that Byroade was drawing too
long a bow with Nasser.
But privately Israelis are
saying of the transfer: Leave
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-17
Britain Reported Building
Pacific NucIeor est Area

ships" have brought in troops.
building materials and supplies
from Singapore and elsewhere.
1.-THE base is being set up by
the Army. Early next year the
Royal Air Force is due to move
in for the tests" he said.
British Prime Minister Sir An
Ithony Eden has said the tests
will be high air bursts . +. in
the megaton range" He said
they will be made far from any
inhabited island"
The main British base on
Christmas is being set up at
Cassidy Field. an air base the
United States built in World
War II.
Until the British started ar
irving in mid-June there were
only two white men on the u
shaped island--the manager Of
a copra plantation employing
about 100 Gilbert Islanders and
a radioman for South Pacific
Airlines.
Although both England and
the United States lay claim to
Christmas. the island has been
under British administration and
its copra plantation is owned BY
a British firm. 1915
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-17

HONOLULU, July II (R.-
Britain is spending millions tc
turn tiny Christmas Island into
its own version of the United
States H-bomb testing ground
base at Eniwetok, technician
recently returned from Christ
mas said today.
In the last six weeks hundreds
of British soldiers and thousands
of tons of equipment" have been
poured into the small and low
lying coral atoll, the technician
said. He did not want his ident-
ity disclosed.
Christmas Island is about g.
500 miles east and south of the
United States Pacific base at
Eniwetok. 1t is about 1900 miles
south of Honolulu. Technically,
it is only $50 miles from the
Honolulu city limits, which
stretch all the way to privately
owned Palmyra Island.
The technician said Christmas
Island officials estimated that
England is spending about $50
million pounds about $420 mil
lion) in preparing its nuclear
test base there.
He said lat least four big
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-17
THOMAS L. STOKES
Southern Democratic Harmony

toward indignation shaped for
gradual accomplishment than
by hufflly walking out and
making a lot of noise, thumb
ing noses, and getting nowhere.
Democrats. both North and
South, also have learned from
Republican promptings when
ever the occasion arises and
from the party's avenues of
publicity how much the Repub-
llcanS want to promote a
Democratic Party split. That
has stiffened Democratic de-
termination to avoid a schism
this year if in any way pos
sible. One Northern Democrat
ic leader explained that DEM
ocratic members Of Congress
are so constantly conscious of
this Republican divide-and-
conquer strategy that they are
on a continuous "alert" to
keep from even saying any,
thing that might stir up
trouble among themselves.
One thing that has moder-
ated Southern leaders and
made them cautious is the con-
fusion about how they should
proceed in a way best for their
own people, white and black,
and for the national interest
in what they slowly have come
to recognize is the biggest prob
lem really that has confronted
any Of them in their entire
political careers. There is much
soul : searching and m any
heart-to-heart talks among
responsible leaders trying to
find the way.
I'VE are going to Chicago
in a spirit Of moderation to
seek some way out of our prob
lem without acting violently"
one thoughtful Southern lead
er said. I'VE want to stay in
the party and to settle this
problem within the party II
that is possible. We are frank
ly playing it by ear as we go
along. hoping for the best. We
are trying to keep our minds
open.
And we hope that the light
ming may strike there at
Chicago and make an insol-
uble problem soluble" he
added.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-17

Byroade in Cairo if you like but
give us arms. This the Eisen-
hover administration has con-
sistently refused to do. Its
suggestion that other nations
supply such arms has not so
far proved fruitful for the
Israelis who complain that
United States jets are going to
both NasSer and Tito.
The timing of the State De-
partment shifts puts emphasis
on a vital area just when COM
plants had begun that the
President was by-bassing them
1t all seems to be working
and with little public atten-
ton attracted to its true in
wardnesS. Even the contro-
versial Vice President is about
to get renominated without
the Presidents direct involve
ment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-17
Leaders End Atlanta Farley Determined
To Avoid Any Split at Chicago


the buck to the State chair
men, of whom four of eleven
did not turn up at Atlanta,
and he was not even present
himself for the event which
he had started.
Why was the South Carolina
Governor so mistaken in his
new Back-to-Fort-S u m er
movement in this year when
tensions over the Supreme
Courts public school integra-
ton decision and the threat of
civil rights legislation in Con-
gress here would seem to make
the situation ripe for rebellion?
In short. what has happened
among Southern leaders?
Before going into what has
happened, it might be said that
it has happened not only
among Southern leaders, but
also among Northern leaders
Of the party. What we are see
ing is the result of efforts on
both sides of the Mason and
Dixon line to keep the party
as united as possible this year.
Soundings among both South
ern and Northern leaders here
in Congress offer an analysis Of
what inspires the anxiety for
harmony. There are two prac-
tical reasons so far as Southern
leaders are concerned:
l. They see a fine chance
Of holding control of both
branches Of Congress in No
vember's election, whatever
happens about the presidency,
and a divided party could muss
up that opportunity. Con-
tinued Democratic control Of
Congress means continuation
in key places Of power Of
Southerners who hold the bulk
of them now-and that. of
itself, means not only the
prestige and perquisites so
dear to men in politics but
also influence upon national
policy.
2. BY staying in the party
and working from within,
responsible Southern leaders
see a much better chance for
the party to espouse q policy
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-17
Sweeney Named
IGSA Counsel
BY the Associated Press

Edward C. Sweeney, native OF
Rock Island, ILL.,. has been ap-
pointed general counsel of the
General Services Administration.
Franklin G. Floete, admins
traitor of General Services an
nounced yesterday that Mr..
Sweeney will take the oath of
Office today.
Mr.. Sweeney served from 1949
Ito March of this year as pro-
Ivisional staff member and avia-
ton counsel of the Senate
Commerce Committee. Since
1916 Mr.. Sweeney has been a
professor of law at Northwestern
University but has been on leave
while serving with the Govern
Iment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-17

Who killed the school bill
with its billions of Federal
money for education? That's
still an unanswered question
on Capitol Hill. where it may
become known as the mess of
1856"
It's too bad the fright to
know" doctrine-espoused by
the House committee which is.
seeking to rid official Washing
ton of its tendency to sup
press news-doesn't extend to
the acknowledgements ma
neuvers of party leaders in
Congress who pull the strings.
For the full story of what
happened ought to be told.
-Four explanations are being
offered One is that the segre-
gationists Of the South killed
the bill. The other is that the
integrationists of the North
did it. Another is that those
who didn't want any Federal
interference in the financing
Of the schools were influential
in the result and that they
were alarmed because of re-
cent Supreme Court decisions
whiting down States rights
and incre asing Federal
authority.
But Senator Humphrey,
Democrat of Minnesota, has
simpler explanation. He hlames
it all on President Eisenhow-
er's health or recuperation or
concern over personal political
problems" which are supposed
to have prevented him from
"exerting some personal influ-
ence and leadership"
Eisenhower had already gone
q long way in trying to get the
bill passed. He had said once
before that anything like the
Powell amendment, denying
Federal aid to schools in
Southern States which do not
adopt migration, shouldn't be
tackled on to the bill. This was
a daring expression on his
part "a concession to expedi-
ency over and above principle.
But what did happen? Rep
reSentative Adam Clayton
Powell, Democrat, and one of
the Negro leaders of the coun-
try, offered his amendment
anyhow. 1t presented an issue
which Republican Congress-
men from districts where there
are many Negro voters couldn't
dodge. No amount of persua-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-17

simultaneously with the re-
turn here of still convalescent
President Eisenhower to as
sumo the role of Chief Execu-
tive in its natural habitat
the White House-which really
marks the formal opening OF
the 1856 Republican campaign.
the party's management saw
the fizzling out of one maneu-
yer which they had hoped
would materialize and disrupt
the Democrats.
This happened at Atlanta,
Ga, where Democratic State
chairmen of seven Southern
States did the unusual by call
ing for party harmony and
proclaiming: I'VE do not favor
any bolts. walkouts or third
parties" This climax of their
weekend meeting seemed to
end any prospect of a dramatic
party split at the Chicago Dem
ocratic Convention in mid
August such as occurred at the
1948 and 1852 conventions
where rebel yells came to be
routine.
What was supposed to be
something that might have
been celebrated as the Second
Battle Of Peachtree Creek" at
Atlanta against the Yankee
wing of the party turned out
entirely different from what
Republicans had wished for
and what originally had been
planned by Gov. George He'll
Zimmerman. jr., of South
Carolina whose idea was to lay
the basis for a possible third
party movement like the l948
Dixiecrat spectacle. Since then
the Governor had learned he
was on the wrong track this
year-first in the discouraging
response he got from other re-
sponsible Southern leaders To
his feelers of a few weeks ago
and. second. in the GOODNESS
among other Southern Gov
errors at their annual con-
ference in early June in Allan
tic City.
He squirmed out Of his self
created dilemma by passing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-17
Act Blamed on Virtual Four-Porty System
And Bloc Is Expected to Continue

sion from Eisenhower could
keep them from voting for the
Powell amendment.
AS for Southern Congress-
men, they abstained from vot-
ing so as to make sure the
Powell amendment supporters
would have a majority. They
wanted the final measure to
be unpalatable on every side.
But there are Northern
Republicans-about IS of them
who don't believe in Federal
control of education and they,
too. voted for the Powell
amendment because they knew
it would help kill the bill. On
final passage, they Joined with
the Southern Democrats to
make a majority against the
entire bill.
Also important was the ac-
ton of Northern Democrats
who helped to defeat amend
ments, proposed by Republic
cans, allocating the funds on
the basis of the needs of the
States. This principle previ-
ouSly had been Endorsed, but
the Democrats repudiated it..
The final bill, therefore, was
unsatisfactory to Northern
Republicans who favored Fed
raj aid and Southern Demo-
rats who didn't, and thus was
eadlly defeated.
1t is a bit bewildering to see
some of the so-called liberals"
Ignoring what the Southern
Democrats did in helping the
Powell amendment to pass or
what the Northern Democrats
did in defeating the Republic
can amendments. And yet the
defeat of the bill is character
lied as a case of bad executive
leadership.
The truth is there are four
parties in Congress today.
There hasn't been a two
party system for two decades,
and recent decisions of the
Supreme Court curtailing
States rights mean that the
four-party bloc system will
remain for many more years
to come.
A significant aftermath of
the school bill controversy is
the discovery by Southern
Democrats of how near they
came to being tricked by the
argument that, if the measure
we're passed without the Powell
amendment, they should have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-17
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

wanting to be President half battle Avere Harri-
man deserves veterans pension for combat service
Milton Eisenhower will accompany Ike to Panama has
great admiration for Milton He's the Eisenhower who actually
seems to enjoy keeping up with current events
The with real faith the who has
quit missing trains and buses his
ing ships.
The speakers Democratic convention will be
air-condtoned This will things the old days during
convention speech only the audience got cooled of.
Dixie leaders decide not to bolt the Party
Democrats have sharetheNwork campaign
Democrats will run against keSouthen Democrats against
the Supreme Court.
Typical televon drama The story beautiful love that
tragic end after getting entangled three COM
mercials.
Russia's foreign minister wants ban all tests
Russian scientist just discovered agitaed
shows definite anti-Communist tendencies.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1956-03-29
Germantown
Folk Worship
This Weekend
By Martha A. Palmer
Gaithersburg 658J1

Once again one of the most
blessed and sacred times of the
year has come upon us, Easter
with all its hopes and promises
for the great awakening of ma
ture. In preparation for this oc
casion, we have many churches
in the vicinity, engaged in their
Holy Week services.
The Trinity Methodist Church
will recognize this occasion by the
administering of Holy Commu-
Mon in the Clarksburg Church,
Holy Thursday evening, tonight at
g pm.
On Tuesday at the Germantown
Presbyterian Church, Rev. John
Wells of Jamestown, will be the
guest speaker. And then on
Thursday at the Jamestown
Presbyterian Church, Rev. Albert
Lentz of Neelesville will be the
speaker. To commence these
services, on Friday at the Boyds
Presbyterian Church, the serv-
ice of the Lighted Cross will be
held with the Rev. James Kerr
in charge.
The Germantown Baptist
Church will observe Holy Week
on Wednesday night at 8 pm.
Their service will be combined
with the weekly hour of power
prayer circle. All are invited to
attend these services.
The Germantown Club met at
the home Of Mrs, Marie Boland
this past week. This club, com
posed of ladies Of the vicinity, is
in the process of folding bandages
for the Montgomery County Gen
eral Hospital.
Mrs. Henry Allnut entertained
the Germantown Bridge club last
Tuesday.
The Germantown Baptist
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1956-03-29

Each of you is cordially invited to
attend this meeting.
The official board of the Ger
mantown Methodist Church will
meet on April 6 at 7:30 pm.
The Rockville Gaithersburg
zone of the WSCS will meet in
the Germantown Methodist
Church on Wednesday morning at
1920.
We are happy to report that
Miss Nanny Allnut returned home
from the hospital on Monday.
Miss Allnut was a patient at the
Eye, Ear and Troat Hospital in
D. c., where she underwent an
operation. She remained in the
hospital 10 days, but we are glad