davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sidney herald., 1956-02-16
BY Homemakers Club

Alfred Anderson of Hamilton,
Montana is spending a week WIS.,
iting at his sons home here. Mr.,
and Mrs. Anderson have made
their home at Hamilton for sew
eral years since they retired from
farming. Mrs. Anderson is spend
ing a few days at Great Falls Wis
ting her new grandson, Darrell
Robert, born to Mr.. and Mrs,
John Johnston on February 8,
| Mrs. Johnston is the former Eve
Ign Anderson.
Mr.. and Mrs. Bill Witt called
at the Cattaneo home Thursday
evening.
MIR. and Mrs. Jim O'Connor
shopped in Sidney Tuesday and
| called at the Cattaneo and Tom
O'Connor home also that day.
Dennis LaMance visited at the
Arthur Anderson home Sunday.
The Cherry Creek PTA will
hold their regular monthly meet
ing Monday evening, Feb. 20.
There will be a special program
presented. Visitors are welcome.
Ida and Ray Cattaneo visited
at the Lyle Arneson home Sunday
afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ed Hardy's young
son, Mark, has been spending a
few days at the Charles O'Connor
home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Jim O'Connor,
Mrs. Charles OConnor, Ida Cat
taneo, Ray Cattaneo were among
those attending the show at Sid
ney this week.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Ruffatto
and family of south of Brockton
visited at the Leo O'Connor home
several times this week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Bill Craven and
family of Williston and Rev. Her
etick of Culbertson were supper
guests at the Leo O'Connor home
Sunday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Alex Skorick and
John Koozenney of Bainville
were dinner guests at the Frank
Bailey home Sunday.
Clara and Carla Vik were week
end guests at the Carl Anvik
home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Al Ahlquist and
children of Glendive and Mrs.
Marie Swenson visited at the Da-
vid Iversen home Sunday after
noon.
MI. and Mrs. Ray Norby were
guests at the Joe Thomas home
in Fairview Sunday.
st. Peters church council held
a business meeting at the home
of MI. and Mrs. Ray Norby on
Monday night, February IS.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Bailey and
Rita were coffee guests at the
Stanley Swenson home In Fair
view Thursday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Anvik, Clara
and Carla Vik visited the Chas.
Anviks Sunday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Casper Wick and
The Sidney herald., 1956-02-16

family visited the Frank Baileys
Saturday evening.
Ray Norby underwent major
surgery at the Sidney hospital on
Friday, February 10th. On Febru-
airy 18th, his young daughter, La
Rae, also entered the hospital and
had her tonsils removed.
The Sioux Pass Go-Getters met
at the Casper Wick home Thurs
day night with a large attendance.
Glen Hartman of the Experiment
Station was guest speaker.
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Anvik en-
tertained Mr.. and Mrs. David
Iversen and family at Sunday
dinner.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ed Lewis were
guests Wednesday night at the
Ray Norby home to help LaRae
celebrate her Bird birthday.
Hubert and Douglas Brogan of
Nashua were Sunday dinner
guests at the Bob johnson home.
Mrs. Ray Norby and boys were
Friday supper guests at the Bob
Johnson home.
st. Peters WMF was held Feb
ruary 9th at the home of Mrs. Ray
Norby with Mrs. Charles McGin-
mis-, co-hostess. There was a very
good attendance. Mrs. Casper
Wick gave the Bible study on the
Life of Peter.
MIR. and Mrs. Rod Thompson
were week end guests at the Chas.
Anvik home. Mrs. Thompson runs
the Quick Lunch in Sidney.
The directors of the Sioux Pass
Recreation Center held a direc-
tors meeting at the Cattaneo
home Monday evening. A gener-
al meeting will be held at the
Sioux Pass hall February % at
800.
Mrs. Ray Norby and children
were Sunday dinner guests at
the Gilman Foss home in Sidney.
Ida and Ray Cattaneo drove to
Wibaux on Wednesday afternoon
to get Rays car which had been
left there for repairs.
Shari and LaRae Norby spent
Friday night at the Ed Lewis
home.
The Sidney herald., 1956-02-16
S. CuIbertSOn
Mrs. Stan Patch

Mr.. and Mrs. Stan Patch were
shopping in Culbertson Monday
evening.
MI. and Mrs. Don Birch were
callers in Culbertson Monday to
take Lee back to school.
Wesley Johnson was a caller in
Sidney Monday.
Kenneth Hill was a caller in
Sidney Tuesday. The Kenneth
Hills have about Is baby lambs
now and all are doing fine.
Frank Griffin has his Green
house fixed up and a stoker stove
set up in there to provide heat
for the new seedlings.
The Dick Brunsvolds of Sidney
are to be congratulated on the
birth of a nine pound baby girl.
Mother and daughter are doing
nicely. The B~runsvolds formerly
lived in this community on the
Jr. Miller place.
DR.. Baker of Sidney tested cat
tie at the Hodges Antonsons,'
Patches, Birches', Goulds', and
Palmers' Friday. DR.. Baker flew
a Piper Cub plane out from Sid
ney to do the testing. The john
son brothers also helped their
neighbors that day. Imagine the
thrill our children had when DR..
Baker landed on the road and
TAXED down the grade to our
yard and parked his airplane by
our truck while they drove to the
various ranches.
Mrs. Bill Carlisle has been I'M
der the weather this week but is
feeling better now.
Wesley Johnson celebrated his
birthday Sunday.
A card party and dance was
held at the Riverview schoolhouse
night. High prizes for
whist were won by Bonnie An
tonson and Kay Birch. Low went
to Mary Kao and Harlan John
son whose birthdays were on the
18th, Lincoln's birthday.
Mr. and Mrs. Bonnie Antonson
were Sunday visitors at the Sam
Antonsons.
Marilyn Halverson was a week
end guest at the Bonnie Anton
Raymond Antonson was an
The Sidney herald., 1956-02-16
CUB SCOUTS HEAR
SERMON ON
CHARACTER BUILDING

Some twenty-five cub scouts
and their den mothers attended
the Lonsdale Methodist church
last Sunday morning at which
time the pastor, Rev. Dutton,
gave an address on "Be careful
what you put into your charac-
ter" He pointed out that char
acter is what you really are. He
suggested that boys should have
a wholesome purpose in life, and
that they should be persistent in
their efforts in reaching that pur-
pose. He illustrated his remarks
by citing Abraham Lincoln, who
though handicapped in early life,
had a purpose, and stuck to that
purpose until he became presi-
dent of the United States.
The pastor also used other IL
Illustrations to emphasize his sub
ject. The chancel choir under the
direction of Mrs. w. Quilting
sang, "Just Like john" a Negro
spiritual.
The Sidney herald., 1956-02-16

She was appointed a professor
Her work was equal to many
men.
A great college professor was
she,
In the year of 1878
OF the great Northwestern
University.
In the year of 1874 she resigned
that work,
She loved temperance more.
Became National corresponding
secretary,
A leader in temperance work
you see.
So, on and on, this great
woman went,
In the temperance cause her
life she spent.
The great temperance movement
that now we see
Began with Miss Willard
for you and me
Five years later as we read
A National President now
indeed
Was reelected every year
AS long as the Lord let her
remain here.
Now listen a moment, and
you will see
The use of this woman
continually
An executive head is what they
say,
1t was prohibition all the way.
In the year of 1882, believe it or
not,
They say it's true,
A national president she became,
There was no limit to that
woman's fame.
In addition to this in her
temperance work
She carried on, she couldn't
shirk,
The Lord had called, a
woman wise,
And now she's gone beyond
the skies.
Our Bible says that men
pass on,
But their works follow far
beyond.
The Sidney herald., 1956-02-16

There Is no Limit to what
men can do.
How about women of the
w. c. T. u?
Miss Francis E. Willard
set the pace,
How about it ladies, will we
win the race?
There is no place for us to lie
down.
We will keep on working
and win the crown.
But this is not all of Miss
Wizards fame,
She kept on adding to her
name,
On woman's Suffrage she wa.
bent,
AS on, and on, by the Lord
she was sent.
In addition to administering
through,
The organization of the
w. c. T. u,
AS national council OF the
Woman's Club.
She certainly was in the
wheel, the hub.
National vice president
was she,
OF the woman's council for
you and me.
Her efforts were not at all
in vain,
Though she passed on her
works remain.
In the year of 1905,
they say,
A statue was given to
Washington, D. G.
In honor of Miss Willard
the brave,
For the temperance cause
her life she gave.
Now members, all, please
do not forget,
For the temperance cause,
We must labor yet.
There is much to be done,
on land and sea,
Who will carry the load?
just you and me.
When Our Master calls
and our work is done,
Good women, He'll say, a
crown you have won.
Come up, higher, Miss
Willard to meet,
be walking with
Me on the golden streets.
Written and submitted as a
memorial to Miss Willard at our
meeting February 8, 1856
at the home of Mrs. N. H. Nelson.
Mrs. Silver B. Quilting.
The Sidney herald., 1956-02-16

overnight guest Of Keith's Sun
day.
The Cap Hodges were Sunday
visitors at the parental Tom
Hodges home Sunday to get Lin
da, who had spent Saturday night
with her grandparents.
The X. r. Hills were callers in
Sidney Saturday,
The Sidney herald., 1956-02-16

The Don Birches attended the
show in Culbertson Sunday eve
ming.
Grandma Antonson has been on
the sick list this week. We hope
she gets to feeling better soon.
The struggle still goes on as
to who will win, the Blair tank
and tower, or the moving crew.
The Sidney herald., 1956-02-16
WCTU MEETS AT
N. III. NELSON HOME

The WCTU met at the home
of Mrs. N. H. Nelson. Twenty
two members and seven visitors
were present. Rev. LaMance gave
the devotions. Mrs. Emma Bell
and Mrs. r. A. Gilster accom-
panied by Mrs. Gilster with an
accordion sang, God Forgave
All My Sins"
The business meeting followed
and the program was given by
Mrs. Silver Quilting on the life
of Frances E. Willard. Mrs. Quill
ling composed and read a poem
on the life of Frances Willard.
Mrs. Bell and Mrs. Gilster sang
when God Reaches Down His
Hand for Me-" A delicious lunch
was served.
Following is Mrs. Quilling's
poem:
Life Story, Memorial To
Frances E. willard
Frances E. Willard so they say,
Was a great lady educator
of her day,
Born in Churchville, In the State
of New York,
Prohibition was her work.
The social reformer and
leader she was,
Her inspiration must have
come from above,
The schools and colleges
she attended,
Made her famous until her life
ended.
Frances, Elizabeth Caroline
Willard
Was known by nation
as a temperance wizard.
In the year of 1889 the
Temperance Union she
organized.
From 1889 was when her great
rec had just begun
In 1889 we read her temperance
work was gaining speed.
To many colleges she went
She proved her time was very
well spent.
A female graduate was she,
From Evanston, Illinois we see.
In the year of 1871 her career,
Was very well begun.
The Sidney herald., 1956-02-16

1t has been moved to the south
side of the river and was than
lifted to a low-bouy by a large
winch on a truck. The truck and
low-bouy belong to an oil outfit
from Miles City.
Evening star., 1956-12-11
II. F. Warren, Jr.,
50, With C&P
For 81 Years

Funeral services for Thomas F..
Warren. jr.. so, a veteran en-
Iploye of the Chesapeake and
Potomac Telephone Co., who died
Friday in Doctors Hospital. were
to be held at l pm. today in the
S. H. Hines Funeral Home, 2901
Fourteenth street NV. Burial
will be in Rock Creek Cemetery.
Mr.. Warren was a staff assist
ant on the general plant person.
mel supervisors staff at the time
Iof his death, engaged in the
study of health and safety activi-
ties. He had held this post since
1854. He began his 32"year Serv-
ice with the telephone company
in 1924 as a craftsman.
Mr.. Warren was an artist by
avocation. He was graduate OF
the National Art School and con-
tinued his studies there under
several scholarships. He also was
the winner of the grand prize
in a contest sponsored for the
Bal Boheme Of the Arts Club
before World War II.
Surviving are his widow, Mrs.
Marie C. Warren, of the home
address, 4105 Wisconsin avenue
NV; a son. Thomas F. War
rem III. and a sister, Mrs. Guy
Lucas of Poolesville, Md.
Evening star., 1956-12-11
Gen. Regnier, 81, Dies;
Aide to Henry Stimson

Brig. Gen. Eugene A. Regnier
81, U. S. Il. (retired), who served
as Henry L. Stimson's aide both
when Mr.. Stimscn was Secretary
of State and wnen he was Sec
retary of War. died Friday in
Carlsbad. Calf, the Associated
Press reported today.
Gen. Regnier moved to Carls-
bad from Florida last February
He started a storm in Congress
in 1882 during his days as mill
tary aide" when Mr.. StimSon was
Secretary of State under Presi-
dent Hoover. A bill was intro
duced to the effect that no part
of the Army's appropriation
money could go to pay an officer
detailed as a military aide to any
civilian officer outside of the Wal
Department, except the Presi-
dent.
LiaisOn With Press
There was no precedent for a
States Secretary of State John
tary aide. The Secretary OF
State was regarded as a peace
seeking man to whom sabered
subordinate should be anathema
However, it was felt that Gen
Regnier, then a captain, was
useful TO Mr.. Stimson in many
Evening star., 1956-12-11
Max Schecter,
Born in Russia

Max Schester, an agent with
the World Insurance Co. here
died Of cancer last night al
Providence Hospital. He was 81
Born in Russia, Mr.. Schectel
was a resident of Washington
for more than 80 years. and was
a member of Chev Sholom Con-
Igregation at Fifth and I streets
NV. He lived at 1885 Faraway
place NE.
MIR. Schecter is survived by
his widow, Mrs. Ruth Schectel
of the home address; a son STAN
ley, 905 Hamilton street NE,
and three daughters. Mrs. Faye
Bozin, 1917 Hamilton street NE;
Mrs. Shirley Poms, 1909 Seven
Iteenth avenue, Hyattsville, and
Miss Sylvia Schecter of the home
address.
Two brothers. Isaac S.. 626
Brandywine street Sc, and Hy-
man. 1900 Massachusetts, avenue
NV. as well as seven grandchil-
Idren, also survive.
Services were held at 2 pm
today at the Goldberg funeral
home, 4217 Ninth street NV,
with burial in the King David
Memorial Garden Cemetery.
The family asks that express
Isions of sympathy be sent to the
American Cancer Society.
Evening star., 1956-12-11
Harry Baker, 81,
Headed Syndicate

CHICAGO, Dec. IL (P).-Har-
Iry B. Baker, 81. general man
lager of the Chicago Sun-Times
Syndicate, who fractured his
skull in a fall at the newspaper
office Thursday, died yesterday.
Mr.. Bakers As years in the
newspaper business included
work with the New York Globe,
the Central Dress Association,
Pacific and Atlantic Photos and
international News Photos.
In 1910, he became photo edi-
tor of PM, a former New York
daily. He was named general
manager of the Chicago Sun
Syndicate in 1912 and remained
in that position when it be-
came the Chicago Sun-Times
Syndicate. He was born in
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Evening star., 1956-12-11

from the seminary after his re-
Itirement.
One Of the co-founders. in
1914. Of the Spartanburg Baby
Hospital. he was its president
until 1851. A wing which was
completed last summer was
named in his homer.
DR.. Pendleton, who would have
celebrated his Goth birthday on
January II, was born in Forest
Depot, Va. the son of the Rev.
William Henry Pendleton and
Henrietta Randolph Pendleton.
He was married in 1897 to the
former Elizabeth Foorer Chap
man of Georgia. who survives
him. He also is survived by two
children, Miss Elizabeth Pendle-
ton Of Washington. librarian at
Children's Hospital, and Mrs. G.
M. Fenstermacher of Sommer-
vile. N. j., as we'll as two grand.
sons.
Services were to be held today
at the Church of the Advent In
Spartanburg.
Evening star., 1956-12-11
Rev. Dr.. w. H. K. PendIeton,
6OYeurs in Episcopal Clergy

The Rev. DR.. William Henry
Kinckel Pendleton, 80, the last
surviving member of the class OF
1895 at Virginia Theological
Seminary, and one Of the old
est alumni of Episcopal High
School in Alexandria, died Sat-
urday at his winter home in
Hollywood. Fla.
DR.. Pendleton also was a
former faculty member at
Episcopal High. A member OF
the class of 1886 there, he at
tended the University of Vir-
Iginia for year, then taught at
the high school until he entered
the seminary in 1898.
DR.. Pendleton was rector of
several churches in Virginia,
then moved to Spartanburg. S. c.,
in 1909 as rector of the Church
|of the Advent. He remained
there for 80 years until his re-
Itirement in 1899. He was award
led a doctor of divinity degree
Evening star., 1956-12-11
Thomas }. Clark, Gardener
Who Aided Cathedral Close

Thomas j. Clark, 81, garden
er whose lifework was the
Identification of the Washing
ton Cathedral Close, died
Wednesday at District General
Hospital.
Orphaned as a boy, Mr.. Clark
who was born in Philadelphia,
was raised in a Catholic orphan
age.
After service as an orderly
during World War /, he came
to Washington in 1918. and be-
came a gardener at the Cathe-
dral Close, which at that time
had no garden. He was one of
those who turned a red clay
hillside into the famous Bishops
Garden. He also helped with
the development of the Cathe-
dral's Cottage Herb Garden
from its beginning in 1884.
Mr.. Clark retired in 1855 after
81 years service. He was still
devoted to the gardens, and re-
turned every Monday morning
to spend the day among the
flowers. shrubs and herbs he
loved. His failing health finally
brought his weekly pilgrimages
to an end.
When Mr.. Clark's vision be-
Evening star., 1956-12-11

into field service as a special
agent with the FBI.
GWU Law Graduate
Mr.. Edwards attended Mary.
vile College in Maryville, Tenn,
and graduated from George
Washington University Law
School in 1922.
He was active for many years
in st. Johns Episcopal Church
on Lafayette Square.
Surviving are his widow, Mrs.
Monte Walton Edwards, Of the
home address; a sister, Miss Zoe
Edwards. of Cincinnati, and q
brother, Clyde B., Of Knoxville.
Services will be held at st.
Johns Episcopal Church at 2
pm. tomorrow. Burial will be
in Arlington Cemetery.
Evening star., 1956-12-11

ways. Although he did not adj
wise the secretary on men and
materiel, he was an effective
Iliaison between the Secretary
and those who came in contact
with him unoficially, particu-
larly the press.
In the days before President
Roosevelt made the press con-
ference an institution, Gen.
Regnier played a role similar to
modern press officers. He talked
with the correspondents assigned
to the department. giving them
background on Mr.. Stimson's
actions.
Mr.. Stimson's press confer
Iences we're attended not only by
American reporters. but by Ger
men, French. British and some-
times japanese reporters as
well. When a delicate problem
was being discussed, it was hard
for the Secretary to DE out
spoken. Gen. Regnier talked un-
officially to American newsmen
who came to his Office, giving
them information the Secretary
coulo not discuss.
International Conferences
Gen. Regnier accompanied
Mr.. Stimson in 1880 to the Lon
don Naval Conference, acting as
liaison officer between Mr..
StimSon and the other foreign
delegates and handling the
Secretary's confidential cor
Irespondence. He also attended
the financial conference there
in 1881 and the Geneva DIS
armament Conference in 1882.
After a period as instructor
at Fort Riley, Kans., Gen. Reg
nier again was named an aide
Ito Mr.. Stimson in 1910 when
Mr.. Stimson was Secretary of
War under President Roosevelt.
Their service together dated
back to the late 1920s. When
Mr.. Stimson was Governor Cen
leral of the Philippines from 1927
to 1929 Gen. Regnier a cavalry
officer, was his aide.
Gen. Regnier was a native of
Concordia, Kans. He was COM
ImiSsioned in 1917. He was a
graduate of the Command and
General Staff School and the
Ecole d'Application de Cavaleria
at Saumur, France.
Services will be held tomorrow
lat Fort Rosecrans National
Cemetery in San Diego.
Evening star., 1956-12-11
Mrs. SiIbermun,
Mother Of 3 Here

Mrs. Anna Silberman, n. who
had three sons in the Washing
ton area. and was a frequent
visitor here. died Saturday Of a
heart attack in Brooklyn.
Mrs. Silberman's husband died
many years ago. She is sur
vived by six children: Mick, $40
Lincoln avenue, Takoma Park,
Nd. Seymour, 1920 Radius road,
Silver Spring. Morris, 1927 Six
teenth street N. W.. and Benja-
min L.. Arthur M. and Mrs. San
dra Cooperman. all of New York;
also thirteen grandchildren and
two Observation-Disclosures.
Services and burial were held
Sunday in Brooklyn
Evening star., 1956-12-11
In Mrmnrtan

LEE. LLOYD A. In memory Of oui
LEE Who passed aEaV six years age
today. December H. 1886.
God hath not promised sk!ss AWAY
Fiovsr.streyn pathways all our livsl
God hath not promised sun without
JOY without sorrow, peace without pain
But Ood hath promised strength fof
Res, ior he labor. nsht FOR the way
DENCIED MOTHER, ELLA n. AND
BROTHER. ROBERT q. Ike
REDDEN. EVELYN MAY. IN sad tut
and sister EvELYN NAY REDbEN
Tho Departed ms he twenty dVe years
aEo today, December a.. 1881
Memories are treasures no one can steal
Death leaves q heartache 40 one can
Some may ieFsss YOU. nos that your,
gone
But ss shan remember no matter
nos aeona. ROE AND EARL
WIsEMAN. FLORISE MARTfS. fn isV.
mother FLoRlNK MARTIN TfsEAiAN
Eho cspaFted this iie elrht years aEo
loday December IL, 1919
BrautHei memory o. one 50 dear
We ~ Asayt ehsr1h Eitn loqs
DEvoTsD HUSBAND. aoY X. AND
5oN, ROY A "a
Evening star., 1956-12-11

Institution in Brooklyn. He was
IA contributor of articles to tech
nical publications and was editor
of the National Paint Bulletin
for several years.
During World War II he was
IA special assistant to the Quar-
termaster General in the de-
velopment of protective coatings
for Army equipment.
Before moving to Florida he
was member of the Mount
Vernon Lions Club and the
Olivet Episcopal Church in
Franconia.
He is survived by his wife.
Frances; two sons, Rodney D.
of Huntsville. Ala. and jeffrey
jr. Of Blacksburg. Va. and two
brothers.
Evening star., 1956-12-11
John }. Edwards, 81, Served
AS Assistant Director of FBI

John j. Edwards, So, a former
assistant director of the FBI and
Ia Justice Department attorney,
died yesterday after a brief i'll
ness at his home, SO Observatory
circle NV.
Mr.. Edwards served with the
FBI from 1881 to 1886, during
"a period of rapid expansion in
the bureau. He was first a spe-
Icial agent and later assistant di-
rector in charge of the identifi-
cation division, which included
the technical laboratory and the
crime statistics section.
He was Alien Property Gus
todian in the Justice Department
at the time of his retirement in
1854. and earlier served as a
special attorney there in con-
nection with claims allowed un-
DER the Trading With the Enemy
Act, which permitted restoration
OF certain property seized by the
United States Government.
Native Of Tennessee
A native of Cool Creek. Tenn
Mr.. Edwards came to Washing
ton after Army service in World
War ! and had made it his
nome ever since, except for
periods of field service with the
FBI in New Orleans, Cincinnati.
Detroit, Pittsburgh and New
York City.
After a short period after first
coming to Washington, in the
office of the legal adviser of
the State Department, he served
as counsel and assistant Ameri-
can agent with the Mixed Claims
Commission, established to ad-
judicate claims of United States
nationals against the govern
ment of Germany which arose
out of World War /. He also
served in similar capacities
with the Tripartite Claims Com
mission which passed on claims
against Austria and Hungary.
Later Mr.. Edwards was counsel
before the United States and
Mexico General and Special
Claims Commission before going
Evening star., 1956-12-11
Stewart, Chemist,
Headed Research Company

; Jeffrey r. Stewart, one of the
founders of the Franconia (Va. j
Volunteer Fire Department, died
Sunday at Fort Lauderdale, Fla
Funeral services were to be held
today.
Mr.. Stewart, 81, moved to Flor
ida a year ago because of ill
ness.
A paint chemist, Mr.. Stewart
established his own firm, Stewart
Research Laboratories, after
working several years for the Ma
tional Paint, Varnish and Lac
quer Association. His property
at Franconia was used to house
the fire departments first engine
until a f1rehouse was built.
He was born in London, Eng
land and graduated from Pratt