davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-09
Judqe PouI's Decree

The school deSegregation decree
which has been signed by Federal Judge
John Paul of Charlottesville seems to go
all the way. 1t restraints the CharlotteS-
vile School Board from "any and all
action" which would regulate public
school enrolment on the basis of race
or color. And he made this order effec-
tive at the opening of the school term
next month
We do not suppose that CharlotteS-
vllle'S schools actually will be integrated
in September. Presumably, an appeal
will postpone the effective date of Judge
Paul's order And in any event the spe-
cif1c issue cannot arise until some Negro
child has sought, and been denied, admiS-
sion to particular white school, If the
Gray Commissions assignment plan be-
comes operative in the meantime, it may
be, although it is by no means certain,
that pupils can be assigned on some basis
other than race, and that this would be
accepted by Judge Paul. Another pos
Sibility is that, with the commissions plan
In operation, Negro child denied adj
mission to white school would be re-
quired to exhaust the administrative
remedies set out by the PLAN That is,
such child might have to press his
complaint through the State courts before
turning to Federal court.
In any event, it is clear that time is
running out. Recent indications are that
the State Legislature, which meets in
special session August 81, may not adopt
the Gray Plan provisions. If this proves
to be the case and if no effective substi-
tute plan is devised, it will not be long
before one of two things happens in Vir-
GINA: Indignation will become a fact
or the public school system will be
reduced to a state of chaos.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-09
Harvest Time

The Eisenhower administration
stands accused of "brazen effort to buy"
farm votes.
This charge has been filed by Claude
R. Wickard, former Secretary of Agri-
culture and chairman of the Democratic
Party's Agricultural Advisory Committee.
Mr.. Wickard was addressing the Demo-
cratic platform. cU.nrnittee, which, with
other headaches, is trying to hammer out
a farm plank
He was as full of righteous indigna-
ton as it is possible for man to be. The
$1.2-billion soil bank program, he said,
is being "Scandalously" administered by
the G. o. P. The aim of soil conservation,
according to Mr.. Wickard, has been for
gotten by the Republicans in their mad
rush to get some cash into enough
farmers hands by November to save the
election for the administration"
There may be some truth in this ac-
cuSation. 1t is a fair inference, at any
rate, that Secretary Ezra Benson is not
sitting on his hands down in the Depart
ment of Agriculture, deliberately waiting
until after the election is over before
passing out those soil bank checks to the
farm voters.
But what about Mr.. Nickard? What
does he want the Democrats to do? He
says that they should adopt farm plank
calling for 100 per cent of parity through
80 per cent price support loans, supple
mented by direct purchases, subsidy pay
ments. marketing agreements, etc.
We suppose that some cynical soul is
going to come up with the suggestion that
Mr.. Wickard wants the Democrats to
make their own brazen effort to buy farm
votes. But the situation is not as bad as
one might think. Nothing really criminal
is going on. 1t is just that this is the
beginning of the harvest season-when
Republicans and Democrats alike sally
forth with such rhetorical instruments
as they can fashion to garner votes wher-
ever they may be found. Three months
from now all will have been forgiven and
largely forgotten.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-09
Safety Project No. !

From the standpoint Of traffic safety,
one project in Marylands new Federal
State highway program deserves top
position This is the plan to build
completely new u S. highway between
Washington and Baltimore to replace the
States grimly nicknamed bloody pike"
This section of tn old boulevard" has
been called the most dangerous part of
Route in its entire north-south course.
Enactment of the liberal Federal-aid
act has brought virtual assurance that
the U. S. problem will be solved within
the next few years. Previously the Solu-
ton had been in the dream stage, for 1t
was apparent that the congested pike
could not be made safer without major
operation. To rebuild the old road into
modern dual-lane highway would have
been economically unsound. since the cost
OF acquiring commercial and residential
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-09
Life and Death

Prime Minister Eden went to the
heart of the Suez Canal issue when he
said that the free flow of oil through
that international waterway is matter
of life and death" to Britain, Western
Europe and Scandinavia.
This may be something of an over
statement. In pinch the oil could be
brought in by other means, though at
higher COST Indeed, the influential Lon
don Economist is on record as urging
that search for alternative means of
delivery be started without delay. In this
connection, one thing should be kept in
mind. Mr.. Eden says that I'VE must
make sure that the life of the great trad
ing nations cannot in the future be
Strangled by some interruption of the
free passage through the canal" But
under the terms of the 1888 agreement,
the canal unqueStionably reverts to Egypt
IL years from now. And the Vests de-
pendence on Middle East oil will be
greater then than it is today. Therefore,
especially if there is real basis for the
fear that Egypt may cripple the Suez
supply line, now is the time to begin de-
veloping other means of bringing the
oil in.
With this said however, the fact
remains that the immediate threat is
of very serious proportions. Although
the Egyptian government gives repeated
assurance of its intention to keep the
canal open, no one can be sure what
President NaSSer may do. And there is
also the very real danger that the pipe
lines and oil fields in other Arab states
may be disrupted So the need at this
time is to press by every reasonable means
for negotiated settlement, on basis
that will be fair to all, of the immediate
controversy. We doubt very much that
force, in the present circumstances, offers
any hope. Armed forces undoubtedly
could seize the canal, but they~might be
wholly unable to cope with the conse-
quenceS of such intervention.
Therefore, the assurances that the
main effort now is being directed to nego-
tiation are welcome. The time to con-
slider other means will come if and when
President NaSSer rejects all reasonable
proposals, and the threat to Europe'S
lifeline ceases to be speculative and be-
comes imminent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-09
Zhukov on Land Forces

In his letter to Hanson Baldwin of
the New York Times, Soviet Defense Min
lister Georgi Zhukov has given an assist
of sorts to the United States Army. Or he
has done so, at least, for that part of it
which takes very dim view of the idea
that the atomic age juStifieS sweeping
cuts in the size of our country'S ground
forces.
Actually, as President Eisenhower
has suggested in his latest news confer
ence, there has been a lot of overSimpli-
fed and muddled talk about the scale
and possible after-effects of such cuts.
But there are nonethelesS more than a
few American Army officers who feel that
some people in our Defense Department
have gone much too far in their concep-
tionS of what nuclear modernization
should mean in terms of streamlining
our infantry and armored divisions.
So Marshal zhukov's views are bound
to be appealing to those who are against
any appreciable reduction in our Army's
numerical strength Certainly, on the
surface at least, he seems to have given
them considerable support in telling Mr..
Baldwin that the Soviet Union does not
believe that air and nuclear strength has
now become the predominant element of
force in war or that it can by itself ode
eide the outcome of an armed struggle"
AS he has put it, "Along with atomic and
hydrogen weapons, in spite of their ire
mendous destructive power, large armies
and tremendous quantity of ordinary
arms inevitably will be drawn into
military operations"
Moreover, the Soviet Defense Min
lister has gone on from there to imply
negative answer to Mr.. Baldwin'S question
about whether or not nuclear weapons,
airplaneS and guided missiles have re-
duced the Importance Of large mass
armies and surface navies. Thus, as far
as Russia is concerned, Marshal Zhukov
has asserted that the Kremlin'S an
nounced decision to cut its armed forces
by 18 million men has been "motivated
not by the conjectured nature of modern
war" but solely and simply by desire to
reduce international tension, strengthen
peace and raise the living standard of
the people of the USSR.
One would have to be unusually
naive, of course, to take such an expla-
nation at face value. And this is the
more true because all available intelli-
gence indicates that the Soviet slash in
armed manpower reflects little more than
the atomic reorganization of Russias
military might. Still, considering the
kind OF argument that has been going
on in the Pentagon, there can be no doubt
that certain Of our Army officers will be
pleased to summon Marshal Zhukov as
a kind Of witness for their side.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-09

McKeon's sentence is affirmed
in toto, training sergeants and
petty officers of all branches
of the service will hesitate to
take disciplinary action be-
yond a verbal reprimand. The
end result will be that which
we have suffered in our schools
in recent years. All physical
disciplinary measures have
been taken away from our
public school teachers, result
ing in total lack of respect for
authority and serious dis
cipline problems in many of
the Nations schools. Such a
result in the armed services
would, at the very least, re-
duce the efficiency of the
services drastically.
Interested Observer.
x Il y 4
AS an American citizen who
served in World War l and a
parent who now has a son in
the military service, I would
like to say that I do not con-
slider Sergt. McKeon'S sentence
too severe for the crime COM
mitted.
In view of the fact that the
present commanding general
of the Marine Corps, and a
former general of the Ma
rines, testified more or less in
favor of the defendant, I feel
that the military court should
be held in high esteem by
every American citizen. and
especially by all parents who
have sons in the service. The
court rendered a decision it
thought was in line with the
evidence presented. regardless
of the pressure from either
side.
American Citizen.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-09
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

Safety precautions for the
hurricane season have been
issued by the New York State
Civil Defense Commission.
Except for more danger
there, the warnings are the
same for every point where
these great storms come.
Precautions are listed as fol-
lows:
Check supplies of flashlights.
candles and lamps.
Be sure any portable radios
are in working order.
Check cellar conditions. Be
sure that valuable articles are
moved now to a safe place.
Be sure furniture and any
other movable items on porches
and lawns are ready to be
taken quickly to safe places.
Have your car in top con-
dition.
Store a supply of canned
goods and drinking water in a
safe spot.
Have such tools as an axe,
crowbar and saw handy.
$50
When a storm warning is is
sued, the commission urged the
following precautions:
Stay close to radio for alerts
and instructions.
Get away from low-lyinc
beaches or other location
likely to be hit suddenly BY
high tides or storm waters.
Board up windows or place
storm shutters in place.
Close house windows and
doors. except one window on
the lee side Of the house.
After the storm, the COM
mission advises:
Avoid all loose wires.
Stay in a safe place.
Keep away from windows.
All Of these are good sug-
gestions, though a few of them
will not apply to local condi-
tons particularly.
The lee side Of a house. by
the way. is the side away from
the wind.
That is, II the storm comes
from the south, a window on
the north should be opened,
and so on.
We recall Hazel, and remem-
Der that no windows were
open at all at our house. and
nothing happened.
So what?
The storm when II got to
Chevy Chase. was not severe
enough. though it blew down
several trees in the next block.
Perhaps they we're about ready
TO topple anyway.
People with trees ought TO
pay more attention 70 them
A great storm. notably a hur-
ricane, calls its own attention.
The attention we mean is in
everyday life. in calm weather.
Often the very list Of a tree
gives away Just where 1t will
fall.
Some kinds, notably the To-
Gusts. pull away slightly and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-09
THE POLITICAL MILL
Stevenson Gives Followers Scare
By GOULD LINCOLN

STAR CONVENTION BU-
REAU, CHICAGO.-Just when
the Democratic presidential
nomination seemed safely in
the bag for Adlai Stevenson.
an unexpected comment by
the former Illinois Governor
has stirred up a hornets nest.
It mystifled and sent cold
chil1s down the backs of his
Saskatchewan they immedi-
ately rallied and made light Of
the incident.
But for better or for worse,
Stevenson is now committed
to placing in the Democratic
national platform a plan ex-
pressing 'unequivocal approx
al" of the Supreme Courts
decision outlawing segregated
public schools. He said as
much in an impromptu televi-
sion appearance, just before
entering a taxicab to be hur-
ried to a Embarrassing private
dinner Monday night.
When it was broadcast the
following evening. it rocked
back on their heels some of
the Southern delegates to the
Democratic National Conven-
ton who had come here ready
to vote for Stevenson's nomi-
nation.
Says It's a Teapot Tempest
The Stevenson managers in
sist it is all a tempest in a
teapot, a passing storm. And
so it may prove. The Southern
Democrats have been attracted
to Stevenson because he
seemed their best bet. a can
didate of moderation" far
better from their point of viey
than the Harrimans, the wiz
liamSes and the Kefauvers.
But the angry. protests b
some of the delegates, AM
which have rolled in from othe.
Democrats in the South. indi
cate a change of heart anon
them.
The Stevenson campaign
managers have relied on ap-
proximately 200 delegates votes
from the South to put their
candidate across on the first
or second ballot of the conven-
ton. They still count on them.
according to James E. Finne-
gan, the Stevenson national
campaign manager - although
he admits a few may desert
Perhaps the platform COM
mittee of the national conven-
ton, now working on thu
party'S declaration of prin.
ciples and detectives, will save
Stevenson from the embarrass-
ing position he has got himself
into. 1t is. generally speaking
a pro-Stevenson committee. 1t
could write a platform salts.
factory to the Southerners and
| the Northerners-a platform
that does not specifically men,
ton approval of the Supreme
Courts desegregation deci-
sion" And that is what the
Southern members, particu-
larly. are striving for. They
want to stay in the Democratic
Party. They want no revolt in
their States, such as occurred
in 1948 and again in 1852. But
it is going to take a lot OF
maneuvering and concessions
from the Northerners. And, FOR
the moment, it seems almost
an impossibility
The Stevenson mischance
has brought delight to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-09

hearts of the hackers of Gov.
Averell Hartman of New York.
They are in this race to give
the New Yorker the presiden-
tial nomination. no matter
what the cost and no matter if
they drive a big wedge into the
party itself. Hartman has
been for a drastic civil rights
plank in the party platform.
He has no support from
Southern delegates and Moth
ing to lose. But if the South
erners can be brought to a
break with Stevenson, then
Stevenson will get no early
ballot nomination. and Harri-
man will have his chance.
There seemed no impelling
reason for Stevenson to make
the comment about the Su-
preme Court decision. The
matter was in the hands of
the platform committee. But
he has made it. and he cannot
retreat from it.
StevenSon'S camp insists
that his comment was on all
fours with the sentiments he
expressed in his speeches dur
ing the presidential primary
campaign. He may have ex-
pressed the same sentiment.
but never before did he sug-
gest that the national Demo-
cratic Party write it into its
platform, a declaration which
would cause many of the
Southern Democrats to choke
and gag, if they attempted
to swallow it. The Supreme
Court deSegregation decision
IS a fighting challenge to
lany of them.
The public hearing on the
ivil rights issue takes place
omorrow before the platform
committee. Extremists on
both sides will have their day.
Their statements will be given
vide publicity, stirring the
ssue to boiling point. What
happens then remains to be
cen.
Calmer Heads Step In
The calmer heads among
he Southern Democrats are
urging that nothing be done
to cause a party split. They
realize that a Congress as well
as President is to be elected
in November. They want very
much to retain control of that
body and SO keep Democratic
Senators and Representatives
as hea DIS of the important
standing committees of that
body.
But the committee members
nave begun to hear from back
home, and if the issue grows
more intense, they may be
compelled to take steps,"
which they do not want to
take.
The Northerners, on the
other hand, will be pushed by
the extremists who want the
schools to be desegregated
forthwith, by Federal Govern
ment action if necessary. Their
weapon is a threat of the loss
of the Negro vote to the Demo-
cratic candidates a vote
which could spell disaster if
taken away.
The seemingly unfortunate
remark by Stevenson, off the
cuff, brought from one cor
respondent here the quip: mo
egghead ever let's well enough
alone"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-09

leave a small space when they
are getting ready to fall.
Any householder. by taking a
look now and then, can tell
Just how such trees will fall,
although he cannot be sure Of
the when.
Trees with rotten spots at
the base are dangerous. though
they may stand up for years.
What is the use of taking
the risk?
Trees, even the smallest.
weigh tons.
1t is not good to keep such
threats to life and limb. and
maybe inflict them on passers-
by at the most unknown mo-
rnent.
The less trees there are, in
any real storm. the less danger
there is to houses and people.
So. with all our love of trees,
we should use common sense
about them, and not keep old
snags which add not real
beauty but only danger to a
neighborhood.
Hurricanes may or may not
skip our section this season.
Even at their worst, Washing
ton and its environs usually
feel only the tail ends, and
those mostly in September.
1t has been said that certain
meteorological conditions may
keep the big storms from COM
ing this way at all this year.
We may get only the back
lash Of rain, sorely needed in
this section to raise the water
table.
More and more use Of water
causes less water. Is that it?
Just as more and more peo-
pie cause less food.
The experts who say the
world population increase is
going to cause trouble may
know what they are talking
about.
In the meantime, let us keep
the hurricane safety precau-
tons in mind. and get ready
to open the window on the lee
side.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-09

@. What are the names 10 be
used for hurricanes occurring
in l956?-W. /. f.
A. The list Of girls names
selected for use in 1856 for the
naming Of hurricanes in the
Gulf Of Mexico. Caribbean Sea
and Atlantic Ocean Is as fol-
lows. Anna. Betsy. carla. Dora,
Ethel. Flossy. Greta. Hattie.
Inez, Judith. Kitty, Laura,
Molly. Mona. Odette. Paula.
Quenby, Rhoda. Sadie. Terese.
Ursel. vesta, Winny. Xina.
Yola. Zenda.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-09

letters carry 1DrtterS' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
S1tion.
inadequacy of corrective action
in the past. AS commandant
of the Marine Corps, you have
expressed the determination
to put your own house in
order"
And we of the USING who
live in Washington know that
he has made great progress
towards putting his "house in
order" and your editorial writ
er need no longer wonder"
whether the Gen. Pate (who
shook hands with an MOO in
the dark hours for both-the
sergeant seeking to save his
Marine Corps career and Gen.
Pate seeking to preserve and
advance the careers of all
Marines) is the same who re-
ported to the Vinson commit
tee-for I can assure you he is.
Henry w. BranSOm,
Executive Director, Ma
rine Corps Reserve OFF,
GERS Association.
Thanks for your editorial,
Paris Island Spectacle"
1t was a masterpiece of I'M
reinstatement and restraint.
May I suggest-along the
Pate line Of thought concern
ing punishment" that Nc
Keen be additionally rewarded
by receiving the Congress
sional Medal of Honor for
the drunken, midnight murder
of six innocent. helpless men?
I class Pate with Patton.
AS long as that sort of saw
agery is allowed to attain high
rank in the armed servicesswe
shall have repetitions of that
sort of viciousness.
David Darrin.
1t is no honor to the Ma
rine Corps to convict Drill
Instructor McKeon for what
the published evidence showed
was no more than an accident.
even though deplorable, and
let the whole chain of COM
mand above him go free.
1t looks like they were more
afraid of demagogic Congress-
men than of rendering simple
justice to an underling.
Charles B. PhiIibert.
+ y 4 y
Congratulations on your
fortnight editorial, Paris
Island Spectacle" AS the
mother of a very fine and
noble son who is making the
Marine Corps his career, I
was Mortified and deeply
shocked by the accounts of
Commandant Pate's actions
and attitude at the trial. feel
sure that all self-respecting
persons share my views and
yours.
Marine Mother.
Speaking as the daughter of
10 American generations Of
jurists and lawmakers, the
McKeon trial is the first /
have ever followed where the
attorneys for the prosecution
defended the prisoner. The
drill instructor should have
been given 10 years for every
life lost in Ribbon Greek.
A. L. ii.
4
The understandable bitter
ness Of the parents of the
victims of the swamp march
Notwithstanding, Keon's
sentence should be reduced,
not for his sake or the Marine
Corps. but for the good of all
the armed services and thus,
eventually, for the good Of the
whole country.
Firm discipline is the neces-
sary foundation Of all military
training. While disciplinary
measures that are dangerous.
like McKeon's march, should
be discouraged and avoided.
the nondangerous variety
must be preserved or the basis
Of military training and or
ganization will be destroyed.
More than the pride Of the
Marine Corps in being
tough outfit" is involved II
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-09
Eorth's Gown of Green

Earth lcedrs her summer ootDn
Of green
With dignity, composed,
serene.
IL may be Scorched BY suns
hot ray,
But rain triH come another day
To treshen and renetD the
sheen
OF edrth's cool summer oopn
OF green.
Mekkin s. Perkins