davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1956-03-11
Does Red-Type Aid Give
More Return Than Ours?
Afqhoniston Offers Test

course. seconded by Russia,
who complained about the
American threat to important
Soviet industrial centers, only
800 air miles from Pakistan.
Russions Step In
The Russians were quick to
make the most Of this sudden
conveyance Of interests with
Afghanistan. In the spring Of
1854, they offered to build q
gasoline pipeline under the
Oxus River along the Soviet
border to connect with the
nearest Afghan town, and
within a year a preparatory
survey was under way. They
offered to build o gasoline
storage tank-the Afghans
accepted. They offered a road
construction program, which
the Afghans agreed to also.
They even offered to build q
railroad in virtually roadlesS
Afghanistan, but this the Al
ghans refused.
With one foot in the Afghan
door, the Russians pushed
hard to get inside. They
loaned So million at 3 per cent.
repayable in cotton and wool,
to finance these projects. In
1855 an additional $2.6-million
loan on the same terms START
ed the building Of grain silos.
a mechanized bakery and a
street-paving project: The So
vietS induced q Czech firm to
start building a cement plant,
and it was expected that the
same firm would also build q
glass factory and a food-proc-
eSsing plant-again on . S.
million credit line.
The plum most tempting to
Afghanistan was offered in
May, 1955-unlimited transit
across the Soviet Union at re-
duced freight rates. Then came
the celebrated December, 1855,
offer of a $100-million, long
term loan for irrigation, road
construction and airports in
return for a 10-year neutral
ity pact the Afghans already
have signed.
The Afghans were hard put
not to accept the offer, espe-
cially since it was sweetened
by the immediate gift of 100
hospital beds and 16 buses for
the city Of Kabul.
The United States has given
gifts also: 10000 tons of wheat
and flour in 1854 and SO mil
lion in technical assistance.
But the -four was eaten and
soon forgotten. The American
technicians have not yet had
time to show real results.
United States financing costs,
in the construction projects,
are l to IL per cent more in
terest a year than the Russian.
The Contrasts
There are several differences
between Russian and Ameri-
can aid. Where Russian gifts
are practical and where Rus
sian projects are simple and
tangible, at least the early
ones, the United States prof.
ects have been more complex
and long-range. Help in build
ing better health services and
providing vocational training
is perhaps more effective in
the long run, but the results
may not be noticed for a
while, or appreciated by the
impoverished masses.
The Afghans can pay back
Soviet loans in goods and their
own money. They don't have
to fork out the precious dol
lars the United States re-
quireS. More important, our
government so far has refused
to commit in advance large
sums which a full-scale attack
on underdeveloped Afghan
agriculture requires. Instead,
we consider one or two prof.
ects at a time, and the Con-
Evening star., 1956-03-11
By PETER G. FRANCK

The dramatic announcement
by Soviet Premier Bulganin
last December, while visiting
Kabul, that Russia was offer
ing q $100-million loan to
Afghanistan in return for a
neutrality pact appeared to in
dicate a significant Soviet ad-
vance In her economic pene-
tration Of the gateway to
India, judging from the head
lines in the world press.
Actually, this loan was only
the latest move in an economic
Evening star., 1956-03-11
Eost-West Trade Puts
Administration on Spot

Red China, with which we are
still technically not at peace.
is now the subject Of further
trade liberalization talks the
United States is holding with
its allies, Senator Mcclellan
adds.
Administration Side
What does the Administra-
ton say to all this? Is the Con-
gress being denied the facts 1t
needs to legislate? Is the Sc
crecy as to what items are un-
der international control In
east-west trade essential?
What harm would come from
publishing the full interna-
tional list Of controlled COM
modities and products and
giving the Senators all the
records and facts they are de-
manding? Asked these ques-
tions, a spokesman of the In
ternational Cooperation Ad-
ministration Of the State De-
partment replied:
1--WE believe the Congress
has all the facts 1t needs to
legislate. The Battle Act list.
which is not public, has been
given in confidence to various
Congressional Committees, in
cluding the Mcclellan sub
committee.
1--WE do not agree that the
Soviet-bloc war potential is
being materially helped by
eastbound shipments from our
allies.
1--WE have to keep the lists
secret" the spokesman con-
tinued, because at the request
of other countries we have
agreed to do so. Some of our
allies are in sensitive spots,
either because they have large
Communist blocs among their
voters or because they are
situated near the Russian
area. They are able to CO.
operate with us in their con-
trolls of eaSt-west trade only
because their own people do
not know fully the extent Of
the controls"
The Administration freely
admits that the United States
list of controlled exports hav-
ing Iron Curtain destinations
is much more stringent than
is the case with the other IA
countries participating in the
international agreement. This
means that United States
businessmen have less oppor-
tunity to trade with the Reds
than have the businessmen of
Western Europe.
Indirect Aid
This amounts to our giving
economic aid to IA European
countries, even though no
economic aid" item reflects
this in the US. budget.
This fact Of itself seems not
to be what troubles the Nc
Clellan subcommittee and its
Senate supporters. Rather
they are concerned that, as
they insist is the case, part
of the aid we have been CIV
ing our allies is being passed
on by them to the Soviets.
Unfortunately, no one has
ever been able to draw a fine
line between goods that are Of
no value in warmaking and
goods that are. There are all
gradations of military" use
fulness. If the Soviet Union
badly wants some things we
have, there are products Of
theirs which the West, too,
badly wants. Few have sug-
gested that all east-west
trade be stopped, even in the
cold war. Where many trad
ing nations are involved, policy
can be achieved only by COM
promise behind closed doors.
Senator McClellan-some off,
cials feel--raises the question of
whether such negotiations can
be re-enacted in an open Sem
ate hearing.
Secretary Weeks and Mr..
Stassen say mo" And, the
separation of powers being
what 1t has been, the answer
Is likely to remain mo"
Evening star., 1956-03-11

Mr. Fronek wos economic odviser to
the government Of Afshonisten
from l948 to 1854. He is now
teaching international economics
ot American and Howard Uni
Versities.
Evening star., 1956-03-11
VIRGINIA
VIRGINIA
lnter!position
Is NoJoke to
These Folks
By MARY LOU WERNER

Anyone who thought Vir-
ginia was kidding about inter-
position can stop laughing.
Events at the States Con-
stitutional Convention last
Evening star., 1956-03-11

Speaking Of Mr.. Spencer's
three more weeks and flve
more days, 1t Is worth noting
that the District now has only
1877 more days Of assured
transit service until August IL.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-04-17
Tentative Amelia
Budget Calls For,
2O-Cent Tax Hike

A public hearing on Amelia com
tvs 1867 budget. which calls for
a % cent increase III the personal
property tax rate, is to be held May
;.
The Board if Supervisors, last
Monday tentatively approved the
budget calling for $il0,922 in eXpen-
ditures and local tax levy OF 81 80.
The budget is marked By an III
crease OF 1905 over current out
lays, Of which 5000 goes to the
schools.
Among other expenditures next
year will be Sc 900 for leasseSs-
ment of Amelia county real estate.
Public welfare Will cost $40 600. For
est flre prevention Will take $l.750
and care of county buildings 81 200.
The total sum required by schools
was set at S348 683 of which Sl89. 1893
VIII come from state sources. Origi-
nauy the school board had asked
Tor Sl65.3l8 in county funds but the
hgulc was trimmed to $l59, 1875 by
eliminating a S. 900 capital outlay
lisure and reducing the mainten-
ance appropriation 1885.
instruction costs. largest single
expense. will run 1865 900 an in
crease OF $4,000 over the current
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-04-17
Jefferson

Recent week end guests of the
Robert T. Shaver family from Win
ston Salem. n c.. who arrived on
Saturday and stayed over until Mon
day. We're his mother. Mrs. M. v.
Shaver Mrs Nell Taylor. Mr.. and
MIS- Jackie Taylor and Bruce Tay-
lor On Sunday afternoon. other
guests were MI and Mrs Waitzen
GValtaty ana son Robbie. Of Rich
mond
MI " T Jackson and Mrs. Mon
teile jackson and daughter. Virginia
Anp have been visiting in Rich
mond since Sunday with Mr. and
Mrs aubrey Martin. Monteile has
been a rauent at MCGUIRE Hospital
fos several days for general check
up
MI and Ms. c. n Pitts and
daughter Doris Mae, spent Sunday
afternoon visiting in New Canton
They visited MI. and Mrs. t. W.
IT'LL v,tb A., and MI p An.
person. ms. T. B Anderson and
Nj and Mrs Robert Jones.
MS f. 2. Hicks represented the
Jefferson Home Demonstration Club
= I'is p.9I-C1 hiT'''li's ~ 9o0tn
p,a,,,..,,.,ol, r,-al+,, - T,,aoa5 &C.,, ~,
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-04-17
Ciluia

MI and Mrs. Ernest Beasley
and son, Of Richmond. spent the
week end with his parents, Mr. and
Mrs. T A. Beasley They helped
celebrate their parents thirty
fourth " d ding anniversary by
spending Saturday With Mi Beas-
ley's nephew. Charlie Stigall, and
family at Midlothian.
Mrs ". f. Robertson is getting
along nicely at her home after
spending q week in the hospital
Visitors in her home last week
were her parents, Mr.. and Mrs
Mckinney, of Richmond, Buster
Barden, of Jetersville, Mr. and Mrs
Elemer Fclts and daughter Blanton.
Mrs. 7. A Beasley. Mrs. P. W.
Barnard and Nancy, and Mr.. and
Mis- A NJ Dodson and family
Miss Mary Lee Warmer. of Am
ella. was an overnight guest of Ra-
mona DodSon. Tuesday.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-04-17
Flying Fit Gun, New Innovation In
Controlling Crop Damaging Insects

Jim Worsham's idea Of how to
spend a pleasant Spring day would
MT appeal to most people He's a
bug killer Only he does it the hard
way, with an airplane. not a fly
swattor
JIM is one Of a band of ace pi-
lots who have introduced to aeri-
culture a fast efficient method of
combating one of the farmers
worst enemies, destructive insects.
through aerial crop spraying
Spraying from the air is brand
new to PoWhatan County where jim
operates his service from his own
private field Plain View Airport
He started spraying for the first
time last year dousing several hun
ded acres in Powhatan and the
edge Of Chesterfield. to put down
an infeStation Of weevils and aphids
IN alfalfa All his customers were
satisfied with the results.
This year as more farmers are
recognizing the value of the air
plane to agriculture, in terms of its
speed ana effectiveness, Jim's bust
ness has picked up slightly
But it's like any new limo
walton the farmer is reluctant to
accept the airplane as an aid to
farming 1T has its advantages and
disadvantages. Jim readily admits
A tractor spray rig can operate in
any weather. The plane needs rela-
lively good weather. but when the
plane Is on the Job il can accomplish
IS much in q few hours as q trac-
tOi can in several days.
His plane. a specially equipped
III hip, Super Cub can carry AZ
gallons of chemicals. Jim estimates
conservatiyely that he can spray an
acre q minute or more than 300
acres day where as a tractor can
cover only 40 acres III a day
Theu too the farmer. jim has
found, feels the location of field.
N bottom or surrounded by woods
makes it impossible for a plane to
get TO- But Jim says. "anyplace the
sun can hit can take my plane :
And the plane never touches the
field. a tractor can wreck havoc in
an alfalfa field as ii rumbles
through
Jim swoops over a field at 1880
m.p.h covering a swath 45 feet
wide. He uses chemical mixtures as
recommended by VPI and changes
tanks as he changes chemicals.
For instance when spraying al
faIta he mixes two pints Of heptach-
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-04-17

lor to a gallon and three quarters
of water. He feels the higher mix
ture does a better Job On weevil
and aphidS he uses one pint of hep
tachlor and one and two thirds pintS
malathon in two gallon solution
The former costs 81. so per acre, the
latter s..
He can't make an economic com
pariSon between his service and
ground spraying because no com
merclal rate for ground work eX-
lists to his knowledge His results
have been that an air sprayed field
stays free Of infeStation longer than
a field sprayed from the ground
jim is looking forward to in
creaSes amounts of spraying this
year on tobacco fields At the height
Of the leaf season the farmer is TOO
busy stripping and tying to get out
INTO the field to spray Then too
when leaf gets head high it is ex-
tremely difficult to take a spray rig
through stand without doing some
damage.
To launch a lob Jim needs only
the owners name, the location Of
the field and a flag at one end to
single it out. A truck with extra
chemicals and fuel for the plane
follows him from Job to Job. park
ing at landing fields strategicany
located throughout the area he
works
Aerial spraying is new and has
Ifs hazards He had one accident
last year when a power line clipped
off his rudder but he managed to
fly the plane home without incident
Traffic isn't thick where Jim moves
about In 1854 pilots flew 65l 900
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-04-17
w. NJ. BalsOn Is
New Superintendent
Of Beaumont School

NJ 3 McLane Jr. superin-
tcndent Of Beaumont School for
Boys in PoWhatan county since
1852, has resigned to become
superintendent of the Girls IN
dustrial School in Delaware Ohio.
Tbs safe Board of welfare
and institutions announced the
resignation Of McLane last week
and named bis assistant, Wnlam
NJ Balson as the new superin-
tendent
Herbert B Whitmer. former
superintendent at the Bon All
School for Girls, will become as
sistant superintendent at Beau
mOnd.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-04-17
Powhatan Board
Delayed In
Budget Action

PoWhtan Supervisors postpon-
ed further action on the county's
1861 general operating budg-
get last week due to a delay in OBJ
tanning the state welfare fund APP
preparation figure.
A spokesman for the board said
final action would be taken at the
May NEE ting. The present per-
sonal property tax levy which
stands at $3.50 Will also be acted
on at that session. The spokesman
said no change in that figure is
anticipated.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-04-17

hours while spraying from the ain
with only 4 fatalities.
Jim has approximately 1000 fly
ing hours to his credit He started
flying in l94l with the principal of
Powhatan High School He got his
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-04-17

pilots license at l6 After tour in
service he picked up his private and
commercial licenses He trained at
Spartan School of Aeronautics, Tul-
Sa, Okla He is married and has
TWO children.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-04-17

keep costs are $4,000. Operation of
plants calls for SIT 900.
The supervisors expect to get
5 l63 900 from the property tax levy;
$40 900 from a new motor vehicle
license tax and $2l 600 from ABC
profits.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-04-17

year Transportation costs are
SAB ,262 Another 5000 Will go for
school bus replacement. Other up
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-10-12
Two-Day Holiday
Called This Week
Old Belt Markets

Lower prices. slightly poorer quail
ity' and continued light volume
hghlightec sales during the second
week or the Old Belt flue-cured to-
bacco markets. according to the
Virginia Department Of Agriculture
Gross sales for the week ending
October 5. tptaled 1887 ,O72 pounds
averaging $40 per hundred. The
average was u cents under open
ing week. The volume was around
eleven and One-half million pounds
greater. Season sales were put at
46.620.625 pounds for an average Of
s50l06. During the first ten days last
year. 74.671.l2l pounds we're sold
and averaged LAB.
Declines in average prices this
week ranged from IS cents to 5.0n
per hundred. Most were 81 to So
lower when compared with opening
week. Around 81 per cent of the
grades quoted were lower. several
were unchanged and only a very
few showed small gains.
The general quality. from an
overall standpoint, was not quite as
good because Of larger percent
OF poor leaf. There was sharp in
crease in the proportion of leaf and
cutters and less primings and Tugs.
Principal marketings were poor to
FOOD leaf, low and fair primings.
fair Tugs and nondescript
The Bright Belt Warehouse Assoc
lation has called two-day holiday
on all rue-cured markets for Octo-
Der u and IL. This action was taken
BY the sales committee in hopes of
improving the marketing conditions
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-10-12
Local Firemen Save
Tractor Trailer
Ear ly Monday

FIre Prevention Week got off 70
fast start as Farmville Volun-
teer Fire Department responded
to 4:30 a. m call Monday morn
ing.
A transfer truck caught fire
one-half miles beyond the under
pass on Routes $50 and IS west
OF Farmville.
Both county units responded to
the call and quickly put the fire
out. The truck was owned by the
O. c. Wiley Transfer Company
OF Ly1nchburg, The fire was caus-
I'd by an electrical short under the
drivers scat. said fire chief Claude
Butcher. HI estimated the dam
age at around 500.
The danger of the fire. report
ed Butcher was the nearness #
the flame to the auxiliary gas
tank. which was located undor the
cab of the tractor trailer. The
driver was not injured.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-10-12
DELAY WORKS WELL

Chichgo-Ap estranged, CUP e,
who suormed into divorce court. de-
te-nineu to end their marriage. had
TO wait four hours for hearing. In
the meantime. the couple h d
changed their mind-they said they
we're disausted with the arguing
and shouting, usually over petty
differences. by husbands. wiz S
and lawyers in court. They wanted
to give their marriage another try.
and left arm in arm.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-10-12

vs7,ss PAPER o.G:: 1 Is sss ss::. '': , e
'2 8ls Z ~ =, : =: i 5 ss,. s. .
9 si; :a Is < ''i= sos ,s ' s
5 5s:aI5's 5s1 Is s, t. Is s':i &; Is
tulPvenos5 'ASlt' ~ Reg 80 It" ~
s. 70" ,,u a,
1uocoloa Ball PEN Res. 100 1t" 'o'
C a. N ONE" REFILL fits o'e' o.. 4e 7'u 50
IS, ,}3, 1l sa stv LOTION Pe''i Ret 50 ao SO
u =, dl tA1ssR BRUSH cased p " 50 2'o7
pure badger .,,ao caosuIes
~ Children. rs
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-10-12

1HsaAn,,s nu'su'a"os 'ds III. P'is'o SIS 1to's 9
1QGs -'''''
iLPAscAPs;a Vi, 4 zoos Req tCQ ~ 1 tes
p s3ff WINE IRON 1oH'e' Re- So 2fn 40
q, ,so-cAg PLASTIC ADHESIVE ''T g. 40 7'or 50
l"15 YES s.,,1y CREAMS. N-PurQoSseo -, e., d,
Vo.1 , He1 WATER so''lt' a. l 90 or3fo
kORltNSt MAR SFNN'' H. Reg 1923 2'0r ,,.'
,t q aAao RUBBER COMES P08 % iii 4
Fea lo tot 70 .o.0e
usARlIt PLASTIC co"'s' Reg. 10 2tOf J
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-10-12
Badges of Courage

WifeY-If l were you l Wouldn t
boast of my courage by continually
showing Oft with that medal Of valor
on yolr chest.
Hubby-Then perhaps l had bet
ter remove my wedding ring also!
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-10-12

.,,,vu, MOUTH WASH =, =, 30
f fy1lo EYE LOTION soothing Reg 70 2tor 50
:, ,1sgs ;Liat for Athlete Foot peo IS 2tu rs
S, ve,snc POWDER makes ceaoJs 90 2or so
KENO En- AN1'stp1'c mouth "''" Reg 70 2fof so
Fl st1sofo, Heho ','oed "'''; ~, O. 50 z.o 50
Pint ,c, eypup 1 OF Re- - I''' 49,
s sIfsus Nnneot fo' sore "u' seg 90 2or1
Of ,.,yn pnvJnfR en-
,t 3 700, POWDER ,,s sa .o, g , a'' =
r pas TO dietary i error. Oh Fss %
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-06

IDEAL APARTMENT - What
special features would you like
to have in your next apartment;
Would it be more storage
space? Better kitchen arrange
ment or location? An entrance
hall? A recreation room or nur-
sery available for the use Of
everyone in the apartment uniti
Whatever you would like ir
your Ideal apartment" we woulc
like to hear about it.
Features you would like to SET
in apartments will be assembled
and summarized in one or more
ideal apartments" one fol
young marrieds. one for families
with children, and one for senior
citizens whose children have
married and left home.
/ 1t not only will be fun to SCI
what all of you would like tx
have in an Ideal apartment"
the results may serve as a. guide
to those who design and buile
apartments in the future.
Just write your letter on wha
you would like to have in YOU
next apartment and mail it tt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-06

you want to use. The new no
Iodor paints are especially adap-
table for use in apartments.
Remember, too, that when re-
finishing furniture in an apart
Iment. the floor under the piece
should be covered with a canvas
dropcloth or a thick layer OF
newspapers to protect floor and
floor coverings.
1t also is a good practice to
locate the piece you're working
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-06
APARTMENT FORUM
By NORMA and DON

Apartment Forum, Evening Star,
Washington. D. C.
STORAGE TRICKS-A friend
of ours who has two young daugh-
tiers recently came up with a
problem which she called a.
your socks, my socks" problem.
Both girls shared the same
room and, because of inadequate
storage space for clothes, they
often got into arguments about
such things as whether certain
pair of socks were your socks"
or my socks"
Our friend solved the problem
by buying a secondhand chest
on-chest which had five drawers.
Each one Of the drawers was
fitted with a drawer divider
made of one-quarter inch wood
stock, This divided the chest
right down the middle, so that
each girl could keep her own
clothes on her own side.
Another suggestion for expand
| ing storage area for socks and
similar items would be to get two
clothespin bags. Dye each one
different color and hang them in
the bedroom closet. In this way
each girl could keep her socks in
a container identified by her IA
Vorite color.
REFINISHING FURNITURE
Weather has an important eff
feet on do-it-yourself work for
most apartment dwellers. For ex-
ample, there are only a relatively
few days left this year warm
enough that apartment windows
can be left open.
This means that if you have
any jobs involving the ref1nish-
ing of furniture on your do-it-
yourself docket, now is the time
to start in on them. Removing
old paint and refinishing furni-
ture requires good ventilation.
Owing to the development Of
a number of new products dur
ing recent years. both jobs are
much easier than they used to
be.
Removing old paint has been
greatly eased by several products
which can be brushed onto old
paint with a paint brush. You
leave the material on until the
old paint blisters, then simply
scrape it of with an old putty
knife.
Some Of these materials are
even mixed into a semi-plastic
form SO they can be spread on
vertical surfaces without danger
of running down and soaking
paint off the floor.
Refinishing, of course, should
begin by giving the surfaces to
be reprinted a good sandpaper-
ing, followed by a sealer, a filler
and then by the kind of paint
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-06

on in a Unlicensed corner of the
living-dining area or of a bed
room and. if possible. screen the
area off from the rest of the
room by use of chairs and
benches.
AS a final reminder, keep win
dows open as much as possible
while using paint remover, shell
lac, varnish or paint. This kind
of work requires adequate venti-
llation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-06

IDEAL APARTMENT Apartment Forum, Evening stai