davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-19

out resorting to Communist
methods.
Are Dollars Enough9
The big question Is whether
oil dollars can be converted
into economic progress to heal
the Arab peoples on from L.
lusory Communist shortcuts TO
Utopia.
This isn't the only question
mark, Of course. The Middle
East Ia heavily mined with po-
litical time bombs. But II the
underlying economic pressure
can be drawn OF there Is .
fair chance Of averting . po-
litical explosion.
Most Westerners. when they
think Of the Middle Eastern
oil bonanza. picture hawk
nosed sheiks trading their
camels for gold-plated Cadil-
laos or lolling in air con-
ditioned harems. And some
Of the poor and often simple
tribesmen who suddenly have
struck 1t rich have been hav-
ing q glorious fling.
Old King Ibn Saud's total
fortune when he carved Saudi
Arabia out Of the desert with
sword and rife 30-odd years
ago consisted Of 40 camels.
When he died In 1858 his in
come was about $500, 900 o
day. It would have been un-
natural II such q dizzy change
of fortune hadn't turned the
heads Of some Of his lighter
headed kinfolk.
But the prodigal follies Of
Arab princelings in Paris and
Monte Carlo, the glittering
palaces built on desert sands.
and the sumptuous apartment
houses built In Alexandra,
Cairo and Beirut BY willy L.
vantine advisers with the
golden drippinss from King
Saud's table, thus aren't the
whole drama.
More Money Coming
Behind the scenes, q grow
ing number Of drab but de-
voted economic planners have
been wrestling patiently with
the formidable social and eco
nomic problems created by too
much money too soon. Total
Middle Eastern oil income has
bounded from $26 million pre-
war. to $l88 million in 1850. to
5000 million today. BY 1865
it is expected to climb to be-
tween SIS and 81 billion.
The record on economic de-
velopment Is only just begin
ging to come In. And 1t varies
50 widely from country to
country that generalization Is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-19
FoIIon 'Interposes'
On Cos Levy Boost

plan and finally settled on
asking the Legislature to in
crease the tax on corpora
ton income from 41a to s per
cent. That would put Mary
land on a par with Virginia
and the District.
That scheme is expected to
raise more than the 50 mil
lion o year 1t is estimated
that the authority will need
to operate.
The thing about the cor
porate income tax increase
that bodies 1t well here.
though, is the fact that about
rs per cent Of Maryland cor
porations are In the Baltimore
area, which Ii bound to
benefit most from the In
creased commerce the Port
Authority Is expected 10 bring
into Baltimore harbor.
- =
How to Survive
Senate Minority Leader
Harry r. Phoebus, who has
built himself q reputation for
zealously guarding the inter-
ests Of poor little Somerset
County," gave the Senate a
look the other night at the
political wisdom that has
enabled him to stay in the
Legislature for II years as a
Republican from the predomi-
nantly Democratic Eastern
Shore.
"A lot of the newspaper
boys ride me about how I gotta
be q State Senator" the canny
Mr.. Phoebus declared. well,
that's all right. but I have to
be q county Senator before I
can be q State Senator"
Another Somerset Countian
delivered himself Of some
political wisdom last week.
Delegate Lloyd l.. (Hot Dog)
Simpkins. . Democrat. lodged
questions all week % to
whether he was for George p.
Mahoney or Millard Tydings
for United States Senator By
replying:
II always make 1t Q practice
not TO start singing tn they
pass cut ths hymnbooks."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-19
BY BOYD FRANCE

Most Of the grave talk ut
the White House between
President Eisenhower and
Prime Minister Anthony Eden
was about the fly-bitten wedge
of wasteland between Asia and
Africa called the Middle East.
It = there that Russia's
new boss, Nikita o. Khrush-
chey, ID making his boldest
play to defeat the West with
offers Of arms. economic as
sistance and diplomatic sup
port for the Arab states.
Oils Role
The bitter East-West rivalry
for the Middle East Is fueled
largely by one thing-oil. A
few figures show why. Roughly
rs per cent Of the free worlds
proven oil reserves are buried
under the sands Of Iraq, Iran.
Kuwait. Bahrein, Qatar and
Saudi Arabia. Western Europe
now draws about 70 per cent
Of Its oil from these countries
and probably will get 90 per
cent in Q few years.
Khrushchev knows that If
he could cut this fuel line
Western Europe's industry and
NATO defense efforts along
with 1t would sputter TO Q stop.
Beyond that. the booming So
Wet economy. with only some
10 per cent Of world reserves.
Ii thirsty for oil.
Paradoxically. this discovery
OF fabulous buried treasure
has not made the Arab oil
countries immune to Commu-
mist wiles. It has made the
area more vulnerable. The
people have been swept by the
flood Of oil from the Middle
Ages into the Twentieth Gen.
tury In less than . generation.
This vertiginous rate Of change
has created smouldering fric-
ton between governments
and the Western oil compa-
MES. governments and govern
ments, rulers and ruled--for
the Communist to fan. It is
no accident that the country
which has come closest to slip
ping behind the Iron Curtain
Is Iran, which has the most
highly developed oil industry.
OH money. on the other
hand, Is the Arab nations best
long run defense against Rus
sian domination. Almost alone.
Of all the lands from Chile to
Indonesia which are racing to
catch up with history with the
Communists at their heels,
they have the ready cash to
build modern economies with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-19
DISTRICT
BY HECTOR MCLEAN

After another l78 days, as
things stand right now. Wash
ington streetcar and bus riders
are going to be walking.
For, at midnight OF August
IA, both the franchise and
corporate charter OF Capital
Transit Co. will be revoked by
act OF Congress. and the COM
pany win have neither the
right nor the obligation TO OPP
crate any longer.
And. six months after Presi-
dent Eisenhower signed the
death sentence for etc, there
Is still no decision on how or
by whom mass transportation
for the public viii be provided
in Washington starting Au-
gust Is.
At the moment. there APP
pear to be three possibilities:
/. The most likely is that
Congress finally will enact
some form Of bill to set up q
publicly owned Washington
Metropolitan Transit Author
ity, which probably would buy
out or seize-at q price to be
set later by the courts-the
existing Capital Transit sys-
TEN. and Continue 1t in opera
ton. Whether this could 60
into action fast enough to pro-
vide for service without inter-
ruption is far from certain.
Minneapolis Plan
2. A lesser possibility Is that
there will be q new. all-bus
system provided by the re-
Gently incorporated District
Transit Co. This would be
controlled by a group Of Min
neapolis investors who have
promised to put up 81 million
to finance it, and managed by
B. M. Larrick. vice president
and general manager Of the
Twin Cities Rapid Transit
Co. In Minneapolis and st.
Paul. b."
1t has the support Of several
civic leaders In Washington.
. and promises from represent
atives Of some downtown
stores to think about invest
ing money In 1t.
Attorney Max M. Kampel-
man, counsel for the company
and former administrative as
sistant to Senator Hubert
Humphrey, Democrat of Min
nesota, said Monday he hopes
to raise another IS million to
get started in business by hav-
ing a New York investment
firm attempt to sell another
81 million in common stock,
81 million in preferred stock
and 50 million in debenture
bonds. A spokesman for the
investment firm said he thinks
1t Is q good deal and that the
issue can be sold easily. Just
in case 1t falls through,
though, Mr.. Kampelman said
Congress should authorize a
81 million Government-guar-
anteed loan to the company.
similar to those formerly made
by the RFC
The company plans to buy
some new 51-passenger buses
from General Motors. although
the manufacturer said 1t can
not provide as many new ones
AZ are needed by August Is.
Last Monday, said o represent
alive. Of GIN. 1t would be pos
sible, to get $50 new ones. with
the figure going down by so
each week. Thus. by mid
APRIL u would b tmpoasabls
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-19

almost impossible. This Is
partly q matter Of economic
opportunities. In the empty
sands Of Saudi Arabia and In
the desert sheikdoms it isn't
easy to find something to de-
velop with the best viii in the
world. whereas the rivers.
mountains and potentially fer
tile soil Of Iraq and Iran hold
promise Of plenty.
But cultural and political
factors are more important.
Iran and Iraq are relatively
populous. They are the heirs
Of ancient civilizations. They
possess the elemental machin-
cry Of modern government.
however creaky. They have o
long head start on the feudal.
semi-nomadic lands to the
south.
The Soudi Cose
Saudi Arabia is the black
sheep Of the flock. King Saud's
authority Is absolute. and he
keeps Q strong royal hand on
the national purse, which last
year bulged with about $3.50
million in oil revenues.
The saudis are close
mouthed about their spending.
From what they do let out 1t
appears that nearly half their
oil earnings went for de
tense" - perhaps including
money believed to have been
spent on political agitation In
other Arab countries.
Only IL per cent Of the reye-
nue. was earmarked for eco
nomic development. How
much actually was spent isn't
known. The King has done
some work on port and COM
munications facilities, includ-
ing q somewhat quixotic rail-
road from Damman on the
Persian Gulf to Riyadh. his
capital. He also has taken an
increasing interest In educa-
tional and health services In
the interior.
The royal family's own
take last year was about $45
million, according to the pub
lished figures.
King Saud is one Of the last
monarchs who still dispenses
largesse in the grand manner.
When he travels. he hands out
expensive gifts-including the
inevitable Cadillacs-- as lesser
men give tips.
Iroq's ExompIs
Iraq is at the opposite end
Of the scale from Saudi Arabia
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-19
Continued From Page A-23

Continued From Page A-z3
no similar new bill could get
through the House.
Mr.. Eisenhower based his
veto not on the merits OF the
bill. which he said he agreed
with, but on gas interest &C
tivity which he called highly
questionable" and arrogant"
(This was in sharp contrast
to former President Truman's
1859 gas bill veto, which was
based on the measures meritso
Gas lobby pressure efforts. the
President said. were 80 much
in defiance Of acceptable stand
ards OF propriety as to risk
creating doubt among the
American people concerning
the integrity Of governmental
processes"
But Mr.. Eisenhower. in 1852,
had promised to free the Amer
lean economy Of controls, so
he had an answer, too, for his
supporters in the business COM
munity who might have re-
membered that promise: AT
the same time. I must make
quite clear that legislation con-
forming to the basic detectives
Of HR 6645 tthe gas bilD Is
needed"
However, the Presidents at
titude was not one Of complete
laissez faire. He added that
any new legislation should in
clude specific language pro-
tecting consumers in their
right to fair prices"
Despite the political profit
the administration stood to
gain from the veto. Democrats
who had opposed the gas bill
could take heart In one obvi-
Gus effect Of the Presidents
action: It put the administra-
ton squarely behind the efforts
of Senator Cores subcommit-
tee to get at the big business"
pressures Of which they have
been complaining for 30 long.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-19

when it comes to economic de-
velopment. Not Q penny Of its
roughly 5000 million annual oil
income goes unaccounted for.
Seventy percent Is earmarked
for long term development. The
rest goes into the general state
budget.
King Feisal is fond Of sports
cars and hunting, but he reisns
in the dignified tradition Of
British royalty and draws .
moderate fixed income from
the public treasury.
A crack planning board-in-
GLIDING q British and an
American expert-has been
functioning since 1850. Work Ii
Well advanced on irrigation,
flood control. roads and bridges.
airports. railways, power sta
lions, light industries. mining
and agricultural projects. all
along the T1gris and Euphrates
which watered the Fertile
Crescent in Biblical times.
The Iraqis are Just launch
ing their second five-year-
plan, which win soak up more
than 500 million between
now and 1860. By then they
win roughly double their
arabic land, and balance the
economy.
There have been mistakes,
Of course. Irrigation facilities
have been built before the
dams to supply them with
water, dams started before
the cement plants needed to
complete them were ready, etc.
The planning board also
has been criticized for over
conservatism. It Is true that
Iraq's Incompatible credit
worthiness would have per-
mitted q faster pace. But the
main trouble stems from fail
ure to publicize Just how much
Is being done.
Irons Uneertointy
It is too early to Judge
Trans performance. A plan
ming organization was set up
in l947 as part Of the regular
government machinery. But
it consistently lost out In the
scramble for funds with other
govern m emit depar =
ments, right up to the dis
astrous naturalization Of the
oil industry in 1851.
The close brush with COM
munism under Mossadegh
scared Iranians into taking
economic development seri-
ously once the oil began dow-
Ing again.
But 1t has taken over q year
to push through legislation
giving the planning organiza-
ton the autonomy 1t needs.
First contracts now are being
let under a wide-ranging.
seven-year plan for river de-
velopment, port. railroad. and
highway improvement. rural
well-digging. industrial ex-
pansion, and so forth.
A total Of $700 million is
slated to be spent over the
seven-year period for actual
development plus another sub
stantial sum for auxiliary
projects. Iran currently Is
earning about 500 million q
year from its oil. and this Is
scheduled to hit 5000 million
by mid-l9S7.
The big problem now Is that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-19

the Iranians have gone over
board for development. They
have ticketed 10 per cent Of
oil revenues for 1t and the re-
naming 30 per cent for the
National Iranian on Co., leav-
ing nothing over for normal
government operations. The
United States currently IL plug
ging the budget deficit with
grand aid. TO the tune Of SIS
million or 20 Q year. On the
theory that it's good politics
to let the Irandan people see
their new oil deal with the
West paying OF. But this
won't continue indefinitely.
Kuwoit
Tiny Kuwait. with Q popula-
ton Of 200, 600 and oil earnings
last year Of about 42o5 mil.
lion, IL developing In all d.
rections at once. The Shefk 10
an enlightened and benevolent
despot whose own share Of the
wealth has been negligible
compared to what he has spent
on good works.
He has established universal
free education, built and
stated lavish schools and hos
pitals-which run light on oc-
cupants-practically rebuilt the
capital city. introduced modern
sewage disposal. electrified his
domains, and encouraged tn
dustry.
Most miraculous Of all. he Is
bringing water to Kuwait,
which formerly was supplied by
ship. Plants for the conversion
Of sea water are built or build
ing which eventually will de-
liver 2 million gallons q day.
A pipeline is planned to bring
water for agriculture from naq.
The Sheik is thrifty, too. He
regularly puts so per cent Of
his earnings in British banks
and securities. in trust for his
people, against the inevitable
day when the stream Of oil
dries up.
The main criticisms Of Ku-
waltz development efforts Ii
that they have been unneces-
sarily lavish. and somewhat
sporadic due to q surplus OF
conflicting and sometimes I'M
scrupulous foreign advice.
Bohrein and Qotor
Bahrein and Qatar, with In
comes Of only about SO million
and $24 million respectively.
face smaller problems. Their
stolid and stable feudal gov
ernments have done a passable
Job Of giving their peoples
power. water, education and
medical care, but little else.
Add up the balance sheet Of
economic progress. throw IN
the tight economic marriage
with the West, and 1t looks as
though the Middle Eastern
oil countries have q better
than even chance Of winning
their race with history with
out stepping out Of bounds into
Communist territory. Polit-
cal upsets elsewhere In the
Middle East-where oil is not
50 plentiful-may throw them
OF balance. But The on-rich
nations growing prosperity
should have o stabilizing Of
feet in the broader area. once
they outlipe their growing
Mains
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-19
|Mid-Eost Oil Riches
Worry Western Bloc

out resorting to Communist
methods.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-19

Herter's stature as q national
figure would reflect unfavor-
ably on the much younger Mr..
Nixon. The Governor. an
underdog candidate for the
State post in 1852, when he
was importuned by State
G. O. P. leaders to give up a
relatively safe seat in the.
House, has demonstrated a
capacity for winning the votes
Of independents as well as en-
rolled Republicans and some
Democratic elements.
Doubts have been raised as
to the Vice Presidents appeal
to the electorate, In view of
his inability. at the moment. to
command the wholehearted
support Of the California dele
cation.
Diplomatic Background
Gov. Herter's background
experience includes diplomatic
and extensive political expe-
rience. In World War !. he
entered the Foreign Service
Che was too tall and thin to
meet the Army's physical re-
quirements). and subsequently
was an aide TO Herbert Hoover
In the postwar European relief
program. During the Coolidge
administration, he served
under Mr.. Hoover when the
latter was Secretary Of Com
merce.
In the 1930s. Herter went
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-19
DISTRICT
All Ready for a Walk?
OnIyl78 Days to Go


Kampelman said he was rely
ing on the far-fiung GIN Or
ganization to help him get
enough secondhand buses to
provide the total Of 300 to
1000 which Mr.. Larrick says
he needs. Exactly how this
would be managed was not ex-
planned. and as the week ended
Mr.. Kampelman and his sup
porters were trying to get de-
tails Of the operation clarified.
3. The last alternative is that
OF B6xF transportation Co..
to buy out the controlling
stock holdings in Capital
Transit Co. Of Louis z. Wolf
son, Florida multimillionaire.
II the deal could be man
aged, he would hope to
have Congress renew the COM
pany's franchise because Of
Mr.. Wolfson's disassociation
from the firm.
Fox's Fortunes Improves
Mr.. Fox. whose $40, 900 COM
pany owns and leases Q feet Of
heavy trucks here and operates
the Washington Truck Termi-
nal. was not able to work up
much offlcial enthusiasm for
his plan until he recently hired
Attorney Edward r. Colladay
to speak for him and conduct
the negotiations with Mr..
Wolfson. now under way.
Mr.. Colladay, q substantial
veteran Of life and affairs in
Washington, started out by
getting from the First National
City Bank of New York q let
ter promising to lend Mr.. Fox
So million to work out his
idea IL seven conditions are
met--including renewal Of the
congressional fra n c h Use on
terms entirely satisfactory to
the bank.
At present, the two private
propositions are up to the Dis
trict Public Utilities Commits
sion which says that II 1t gets
. satisfactory one 1t will issue
. permit" to operate and rec
ommend that Congress issue
. congressional franchise.
In the meantime, 1t has told
Congress. the commission has
no potential private operator
to recommend and has sug-
gested that the lawmakers get
on with the problem Of setting
up the publicly-owned author
ity just In case nothing else
turns up.
Senate Unit Moves
Consequently. the Senate
District Committee spent most
Of last week in spadework on
the District Commissions bill
to establish the Authority, and
a subcommittee Of the House
Interstate and Foreign. Com
merce Committee win start the
same procedure tomorrow.
The biggest push to amend
the bill as submitted by the
District Commissioners is be-
ing made by the labor move
ment. which wants written into
the measure an authorization
for the authority to deal with
the transit workers union and
to arbitrate unresolyed griev-
ances. The Commissioners had
proposed TO leave all that up to
the authority's five-member
board Of directors. requiring
only that they establish some
sort Of Q merit system for en-
ployes, who would come under
the Federal Government law
making It q crime TO strike
against Government agsncass.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-10


6:35
4-Todoy on the Farm. News.
$50
4-Look to This Doy. Prayer.
6:55
9-Meditotions. lnspirotionoI.
TOO
4-Todoy. Variety.
S-Good Morning. Variety.
500
S-coptoin Kangaroo. Kids.
4-IDsa. Cooking.
900
4-LittIe RosecIs. Our Gang.
5-Thousht. lnspirotionol.
S-MoFk Evans. Voriety.
9:l0
5-Kerfoon KIub. Kids.
$3.50
4-Romper Room. Kids.
1000
4-Ding Dong School. Kids.
Kaleidoscope. Shorts.
4GaFFy Moore. Variety.
1890
4-EFnis kovoes. Voriety.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-10
June IA

2:l5
o-Johnny corson. Variety.
2:30
4-Tennessee Ernie Elbow.
o-House Porty. Variety.
$500
4-Motinee TheoteF.
| Hour. "Couse for Suspicion"
7-FiIm Festival. Movie.
2 Hours. THE Woy Aheod."
1914. Droftees become efficient
men in World War IT. DoVid
Niven. StonIey Holloway.
9-The Big Poyoff. Quiz.
$3.50
5-Teo-Time Theoter. Drono.
"Life of the Porty" Solly Forest.
e-Bob Crosby. Music.
400
4-Dote With Life. Serial.
5-Brishter Day. Serial.
9-Pick Temple. Kids.
Movie: "Ghost Town 6orison."
Bill Williams.
AIS
4-Modern Romonees. Seriol.
5-Seeret Storm. Scroll.
4:30
4-Queen for a Doy. Giveowoy.
5-Edse Of Night. Serial.
500
Al Married Joan. Comedy.
5-Lomb Session. Variety.
Unlikely Mouse Club. Kids
NewsreeI special.
9-My Little Morsie. Comedy.
$3.50
4-Susie. Comedy.
Ann Sothern stors.
9-Foreign Incident. Drama.
5:55
5-Motthew Warren. News.
XVsIHT1T1
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-10

S-ArthuF Godfrey. Variety.
II:00
4-Home. Arlene Francis.
1I:30
9-Strike 1t Rich. Quiz.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-10
Evening

500
4-FootIight Theoter. Variety.
Poul Arnold. host.
5-HoPpity Skippity. Kids.
7-Clown Corner.
9-Cisco Kid. Western.
$50
5-MeIody Runch. Kids.
"Roiders of the South" Johnny
Mack Brown.
7-Town and Country Time.
Jimmy Deem. Texas Wildcats.
9-SpotIight. News. Weather.
GoIloher. Douglas. Cushing.
$40
4-Bobo Newsom. Sports.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-10
Xf25Ig:2l

1900
Alt Could Be You.
Bill Leyden is host.
5-Pete's Place. Kids.
9-VoIiont Lody. Serial.
l2:15
9-Love Of Life. Serial.
1z:z5
7-News.
Ted Dunlop reports.
1870
4-Feother Your Nest. Quiz.
5-Afternoon Movie.
IA Hours. "Copt. BIockiock."
1852 George Sonders.
7-CIown Corner. Kids.
9-Seorch for Tomorrow. SerI.
l2:45
9-Guidins Light. Scroll.
12:55
7-News Summary.
100
4-PeoPIes Playhouse. Movie.
Hour. THE Chollenee." lo47.
Tom Convoy.
1.-The RugsIes. Dromo.
9-TheoteF Of Stors.
Playwright" Richard Corlson.
1:30
7-Roeket Squod. Crime.
GAS the World Turns. Scroll.
200
4-Ineo. Women.
5-Lodies Be Seated. Movie.
lh Hours. "Neorly 49," l943.
Cole Storm.
7-Lodies' Theoter. Dramas.
| Hour. mo Time for Suson."
Virginia Filed. "Foilure,
o-Honno NouoIos Women.