davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-04-06
Electoral College
Reform Anfi-CiViI
Right" -NAAcP

New J OrK.-SuppOrt OF the
proposed amendment to change
the present method Of selecting
the President and Vice Presi-
dent "will be interpreted by
Negro voters as anti-civil
rights, Roy Wilkins, execu-
tive secretary of the National
Association for the Advance
ment of Colored People, said
today in a telegram to a group
of sponsors of the resolution
which is now being debated on
the Senate floor.
The present proposal, Mr.. Will
kins said, is essentially the same
as the Lodge Gossett resolution Of
1850. The arguments advanced by
Representative Ed Gossett of
Texas at that time were markedly
racial in character" the NAACP
leader told the senators.
At that time, the Texan ex-
planned that the purpose of his
resolution was to curb the power
of the Negro, labor Jewish and
foreign-born vote in the large
northern cities. He charged that
the present system of allocating
the total electoral vote of each
state to the candidate with the
highest number Of popular votes
places a premium on few
thousand labor votes, or Italian
votes, or Irish votes, or Negro
votes, or Jewish votes, or Polish
votes, or Communist votes, or
by city machine votes located
in two or three large industrial
pivotal states"
The NAACP, Mr.. wilkins said
in his telegram to the senators,
hopes very much that you will
vote against any change in the
electoral college system except
that to elect the President by d.
rect popular vote. Proposal to di-
vide electoral vote of states in
proportion to popular vote or ac-
cording to congressional districts
will discriminate against urban
population which is already under
represented
Moreover, the NAACP spokes-
man pointed out, the proposal
would partially disfranchise Ne
gro voters outside the South while
increasing influence of southern
states where Negroes are not now
permitted to vote freely"
The message was sent to the
following: Senators Irving NJ.
Ives, H. Alexander Smith, John
w Bricker, Charles f. Potter,
Everett Mckinley Dirksen, Will
liam F. Knowland. Thomas f.
Martin, Edward J. Thye, Alexan-
der Wiley, Dennis Chavez, James
Z. Murray. John J, Williams,
Bourke b, Hickenlooper and Cor
don ,Allott.
Branches of the NAACP in key
cities of pivotal states have been
asked to communicate with their
senators urging them to vote a
gainst the proposed amendment
which requires passage by both
Houses Of Congress by two
thirds vote and ratification by
three-fourths of the states before
becoming law,
Meanwhile a number Of other
civil rights organizations have
joined the NAACP in protesting
against the proposed amend
ment.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-04-06

make anti-Negro announcements
from press and platform. 1t is up
TO Negro leadership to train the
Negroes TO vote foi their own
protectionl The ballot protest is
more effective.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-04-06

A Pv-2 Super constellation of
the Nays Airborne Early Warn
ing Wing, Atlantic, is painted a
smoky black. In the future, all
Navy Patrol planes will be painted
the same color.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-04

when he came here In 1851 as a
stateless, displaced person. The
service got him a job in the Phil
adelphia area. When he and the
mother of Tanya parted, the
father took the child.
The mother has not been fur
ther identified.
Mr.. Solomatin said of the
baby: Its a case of dual citizen
ship, that should be decided by
the courts and not by any last
minute action by the American
Government to come to the pier
and take this child away"
Mr.. Elliott said Mr.. ChWastov'S
mother recently wrote urging his
return. This was followed, he
added. by an offer from the
Soviet Embassy in this country
to pay the Chwastov's passage.
The Queen Mary is due al
Cherbourg, France, next Monday
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-04

the victims of Soviet intimida-
ton.
The searchers were looking for
58-year-old Alexis Chwastov and
his daughter, Tanya. 2l2. The
child was born in Philadelphia
Mr.. Chwastov's 92-year-old
mother was said to be still in
Russia.
Apparently tipped off by Mr.
ChWastov's estranged wife. i'm
migration officials made a deck
by deck, cabin by cabin search.
In Mr.. Chwastov's tourist class
cabin. they said, they found
only luggage and bottles of baby
formula.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-04

One passenger, Fedor Solo
matin, chief counsel to the Soviet
Embassy in Washington, said
I'm accordance with our law, the
child is a Soviet citizen"
Mr.. Solomatin admitted the
Chwastovs we're aboard, but said
he didn't know where.
Roland Elliott, immigration
/ Service director for the Church
World Service, told newsmen hi
feared MIR. Chwastov left undel
intimidation"
Mr.. Elliott said his organiza-
ton sponsored Mr.. ChWastoV
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-04

ances Of foreign currencies
owned by the United States Gov
eminent and built up in the
operation of foreign aid and sim
liar programs. They must be
spent in the countries of origin.
The report broke down the
counterpart spending by COM
mittees, but not by individual
members. 1t showed Italy as the
country where most counterpart
money was used, and the Judi
ciary Committee as the largest
single user.
OF the Is committees listed as
using counterpart funds, the
Judiciary Committee accounted
for $71,019; Interstate and Com
Imerce $41,174; Post Office and
Civil Service $39,932; Merchant
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-04
Gruenther in Belgium

BRUSSELS. Oct. 4 (P).-Gen.
Alfred Gruenther, Supreme Com
mander of Allied Forces in
Europe, is in Belgium for "a
hour farewell visit. He is due to
leave his post soon to return to
the United States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-04
House Spending
For Travel Listed
BY the Associated lress

The House Administration
Committee reports members of
House committees used $324,389
worth Of counterpart funds in
official travel abroad during the
year ended June 80.
Chairman Burleson. Democrat
of Texas, said in an accompany
ing statement yesterday 1T is
not represented that all travel
expenditures from all sources are
included in this report"
Counterpart funds are bal
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-04
TruveI Writers Session

The National Travel Writers
Association will hold luncheon
meeting at 1890 pm. tomorrow
in the Sheraton-Park Hotel.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-04
Officers Fail to Find
Refugee, Body on Ship

NEW YORK, Oct. 4 FO.-Unted States immigration men
liner yesterday in futile search
Russian refugee and his American born baby daughter
bound for the Soviet Union.
Among 1869 passengers score of Russians one
ranking official child said to be possibly
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-04

sale from 10 am. TO 8 pm. to-
morrow and Saturday in the
parish hall of the church, $40
G street Sc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-04

Marine and Fisheries $37,061:
Public Works $34,6 and Foreign
Affairs S34. 266.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-29
Schoeffer, Popular Man About Bonn

The Paris agreements, which
paved the way for German
rearmament and German par
ticipation in the Vests de-
lenses through NATO, did not
provide a time limit which the
Bonn government must OBJ
serve. Adenauer and his coll
leagues have had to proceed
very deliberately on the re-
armament issue and the re-
birth of a German army,
because there has been decid-
eddy little enthusiasm among
the Germans themselves for .
new adventure in militarism.
Indeed, so determined has
some of the German opposition
become that there have been
serious threats to the con-
tinued survival Of the Ade-
nauer coalition government.
Thus Mr.. Schaeffer. in his
financial role. is emerging as
a looked-for leader in not only
easing the burden on the
young Bonn republic. but very
conceivably as the man most
likely to bring about a real
German contribution to the
Western defenses through Q
victory in his efforts to pro-
vide an economic climate most
conducive to speed and will
ingness in the rearmament
program. r
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-29
DAVID LAWRENCE - sse4
= Dulles Spells Out Israel Policy

veto in the Security Council
which prevented giving aid
and assistance in the event
of aggression, then a special
meeting of the General As
sembly could be called on "a
hours notice to deal with the
problem.
80 that there are various
alternatives that We have in
mind that might be availed
of if there were aggression,
and if there was a veto in the
Security Council so 1t could
not invoke assistance to the
victim of aggression"
Notwithstanding this forth
right expression of American
policy-which should be a
warning to Soviet Russia. too
certain Democratic Senators
chose to belittle the efforts
of the Secretary of State and
argue with him on the intan-
gible question Of whether the
Soviets are or are not chang
ing their global policies and
propaganda. 1t was an ex-
cursion into the realm Of alb
straction.
These tactics are the usual
story of selfish partisanship
taking hold, in a political year,
above patriotism and the ma
tional interest. The opposition
parties in the British and
French Parliaments are af-
flicted with the same disease.
Millions of American voters are
to some extent to blame be-
cause they elected a Demo-
cratic Congress in 1854 and
served notice that for two
years at least there would be
a divided Government.
It's a sad state of affairs to
find SO many of the Democrats
playing politics with human
tragedy. In the end they will
succeed in encouraging the
Communists to take chances in
the Middle East. and the re-
suit might be war or a crisis
that could easily bring on war.
This is a time for forbearance
and the avoidance of partisan
ship.
Reproduction Rights ReseryedJ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-29
Ford of Cunudu
Ito Law OFF 6 900

TORONTO. Ontario, Feb. 20
(P.-More than 5000 workers
at the Ford Motor Co. of Cam
ada's Oakville and Windsor
plants will be laid of for short
periods next month.
Exceptionally severe winter
weather throughout Canada has
delayed orders to the point where
we have decided to curtail pro-
duction temporarily to keep
dealers stocks in line with i'm
mediate demand" said William
ID. Walker. plant manage at
IOakville. Three thousand Wind
sor workers will be laid OF for
from one to seven days.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-29
DOROTHY THOMPSON

Mr.. Dulles may really think
that the changes in Soviet
policy have been forced upon
them by Western successes.
But we don't think the Sec
rotary Of State is correct. We
+ think the changes in the Soviet
Union are the result of their
own expansion.
An expanding Communist
empire poses fresh problems.
AS long as the only Communist
state was the Soviet Union,
Communists, wherever they
we're. adapted their concepts
to those of the only world CEN
ter of Communist power.
But no revolution has ever
been able to obliterate tradi-
ton, history and culture.
1t imposes a new pattern over
the old one, but the old one
shows through. This is GER
tainly true in Russia. A Chi
nese may be MarxiSt, but he
Is still Chinese. not Russian.
Poles cannot be made into
Russians even if Poles create
a state modelled along Russian
lines. In theological or reli-
gious empires the theology UNI
dergoes transmutations from
place to place and culture to
culture.
Christianity. for instance,
was different in the remote
Roman province where it was
born, out of the monotheistic
Jewish religion, from what it
became centuries later when
it had wholly converted the
pagan and pantheist Greco
Roman world. 1t underwent
change when 1t penetrated
Byzantium and established the
Eastern Church. and further
changes when it became the
religion of the barbaric TeuI
tons and North Europeans,
and eventually. there, via
Professionalism and the trans
lation of the Bible. returned
more closely to its original
Judaic inspiration.
The wider the expansion Of
q tate-embodied idea, the
greater the necessity for new
adjustments If the theological
migration is not to dissolve.
Nationalism and cultural
autonomies are facts of which
the Russian Communist Party
has had to take note. Russian
leadership might use servile
mercenaries to purge the lead
ership in countries like Hun
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-29
DORIS FLEESON
The Two Find All They Have to Fear
In Nomination Fight Is Each Other

AS the first presidential pri-
maries approach-New Hamp-
shire on March Is. Minnesota
on March Ex-senator Estes
Kefauver and Adlai Steven
son still find that all they have
to fear in the nomination
fight is each other.
The Democratic center for
which Senate Majority Leader
johnson speaks has failed to
unearth an attractive focus
for such discomfort as exists
with Kefauver and Stevenson.
Former President Truman is
in the same fix. He dislikes
Kefauver and thinks Steven
son is not sufficiently agrees
sive. But he has found no one
to whom he can rally his
friends.
The Johnson Truman groups
are not at all compatible. but
they would cheerfully CO.
operate to achieve an open
convention giving them more
to say about the nominee and
platform. So far, the cards
are running against them.
What can happen is that
Kefauver and Stevenson may
do their work for them.
Developments in New Hamp-
shire have brought this home
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-29
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Finance Chiefs Refusal of Allied Bill
For Defense Raises His Political Stock

for the defense of the host
countries.
Then why, ask the Bonn
leaders. must struggling West
Germany, only recently recov-
cred from the shock of almost
obliterating defeat, be called
on to pay through the nose for
the same sort of protection?
II West Germany is in truth
an integral part Of the West
ern European defense system
and an equal partner. why
should Germans have to pay
handsomely for the same stu
alton so lushly profitable to the
French?
The allied reply to these
arguments, in substance, has
been that the West German
contribution to the defense Of
Western Europe and the free
world is. as yet. only q blue
print one. They point out that
the West German army, the
new Wehrmacht approved and
begun with Western prodding.
is today only q handful Of
cadre-units far, far indeed
from being a significant army.
On the other hand. the allies
point to the existence Of a
powerful French army in being,
ready to move at a moments
notice If the Reds break loose
in a war Of conquest towards
the West.
But the allied arguments,
logical although they are, have
had little effect on the Ger
man attitude beyond appear
ing to strengthen the Bonn
argument that, If West Ger
many is to become a really
substantial contribution to the
free worlds defenses. she
needs every possible bit of help
that the Western powers can
offer her. Having to pay $3.50
million to the allied powers
for the maintenance of their
troops on German soil is hard
ly the way to help. the Ger
mans contend.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-29
What Caused Soviet Policy Shift?

petitive coexistence between
ourselves and Great Britain.
and doubtless considerable
within the ranks of the Com
munist states. But the new
policy enunciated in Moscow
records. we believe. agreements
that have been mutually
reached, with the view OF
alternating previous or poten-
tial tensions within the move
ment.
The new line would not.
therefore. be dictated by reac-
tons to the policies of Mr..
Dulles, but by fresh appraisal
Of the whole situation.
Nor is any change of "credo"
indicated. as Mr.. Dulles sug-
gests. The credo is Marxist; 1t
testifies to supreme conviction
that historic evolution DEGREES
socialism to be inevitable. and
to the firm intention of accel-
Grating that historic process
by the means best suited to
the existing situation at any
time. This is a thoroughly
orthodox Communist view con-
corning strategy and tactics.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-29

to the Senator and he has
shown his resulting tension in
two ways. He has sharply as
sailed Stevenson for back
handed" tactics in that State
and has persuaded his delight
full wife. Nancy, to break her
self Imposed ban on campaign
ing and accompany him in his
final drive there.
Kefauver aides charge that
a great deal of money is being
spent in New Hampshire by
the Stevenson hackers who
entered a. full slate of dele
gates, all prominent. favorable
to the former Governor. Ste
yenson replies only that he will
not personally compete there
but appreciates the work OF
his friends.
Money is, as always, a Ke-
fauver problem. If he trounces
the Stevenson slate in this first
go-round and dents him In
Minnesota. it may be less of
one. He will still be plagued
by the insistence of profess
SIGNALS that the party mana
gers will not let him be noml-
mated even if he obligingly
knocks out Stevenson for
some of them.
Kefauver will make a strong
bid for Stevenson-style support
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-29
DORIS FLEESON
Stevenson-Kefouver Sporrinq

this week in debate with
Harold Stassen at Dartmouth
College on whether the Repub-
lican Party deserves re,elec-
ton. Stassens appetite for
debates is something of a mys-
terry since his famous chal-
lenge to debate with Thomas
E. Dewey put him on the presi-
Dental toboggan in 1913: how
ever. he naturally seeks any
limelight now just in case
the Republicans do find them
selves with vacancy.
Stevenson will soon head for
Minnesota where he under
stands Kefauver did very well
last week before farm audi
ences. Since Stevenson has in
theory been handed the State
on a silver platter by Gov.
Freeman and Senator Hum
phrey with the consent OF
nearly all the party leaders.
any upset there would be a
stunning blow. 1t would also
end Humphreys aspirations
for second place on the ticket.
1t is a profile EN- for the
Senator as the farm bill is now
before the Senate. Curiously.
despite all the talk about farm
unrest, the bill is attracting
little attention. This supports
the contention of some poll
ticians that people generally
are bored with politics. the old
arguments and old faces.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-29

West Germany's Finance
Minister, Fritz Schaeffer. has
become a very popular man
around Bonn since his forth
right refusal to accept an
allied bill for $3.50 million to
finance the unkeep Of allied
forces on German territory.
Chancellor Konrad Adenauer
and Foreign Minister Heinrich
Won Brentano have expressed
themselves as willing to nego-
tiate. but Mr.. Schaeffer has
remained adamant. And so
appealing has his courageous
stand become that he is being
mentioned frequently as the
logical successor to Chancellor
Adenauer. Taxpayers, espe'
cially big and powerful ones,
admire a man who refuses to
spend their money.
Mr.. Schaeffer has taken the
stand that West Germany Is
now a fully sovereign nation.
and that the allied military
forces now stationed on Ger
man soil are no longer occu-
patton troops In a conquered
country. but are rather invited
there to cooperate with the
Bonn government in the de-
tense of western Europe. They
are, he insists, the first line OF
defense of the free world on the
very borders of the satellite
countries OF Eastern and Gen.
trail Europe.
German newspapers are
making much Of the fact, in
support of the Schaeffer ar
guments. that the United
States is paying a very fancy
rental for every inch of French
soil through which the Bor-
deaux-to-the-Rhine oil pipe
line is passing and for every
house, hut and howell used for
the billeting Of United States
forces. We pay heavily, the
Germans point out. for air.
fields in France and North
Africa and for all the facilities
which are. after all. primarily
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-29
! kse4
Democrats Charged With Playing
Politics in Bodqerinq the Secretary

far better assurance for Israel
than If we get into an arms
race. because any amount OF
arms which Israel can buy
from the United States can be
topped, like that, by more arms
which the Soviet Union will
pillow into the situation. and
you get into an arms race
which Israel cannot possibly
win, because Israel, with a
population of about 100000
and a very small area, cannot
absorb arms comparable to
what can be absorbed by the
surrounding Arabs. with their
capacity to absorb arms. now
that they nave access to the
arsenals. Of the Soviet Union"
This text should have been
widely disseminated by all the
press services. 1t was more
important news than the plea
yunish and captious questions
of Democrats seeking political
publicity at the expense OF
their Nations interests.
For the American policy in
the Middle East is firm and
unequivocal. 1t proclaims that
action will be taken either
within or without the United
Nations"
This could mean military
force as a last resort and a
blockade of the Middle East
area by allied naval forces.
But before such a contingency
is ever reached, Mr.. Dulles
pointed out to the Senators.
the lead" would be taken
by the United Nations. adding
this important comment:
Now. if that lead were
baked by Soviet veto, then
we would face another prob
lem. either of going to the
General Assembly and seeking
action there. because you may
recall that in 1850 there was
adopted a so-called uniting
for-peace resolution, which
provided that If there was Q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-29
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Adai he hopes the Eisenhower team ism
Democrats were never confused IN
WASHINGTON They made mistake without precedent
There's Congress to get more people to con-
money politics Slogan: Beat your avorte party 70
the draw! Give before they take 1t away IN taxes
Italian President Gronch confers with Ike. He doesn't
want any money in Europe he's just over
here as friendly Misunderstanding to borrow snow shovel
blast Secretary Dulles for being too rosy about
world affairs They'd rather him gloomy they could
blame him for not looking the bright side OF things
doctor he be able to stand the pes-
decy after his heart trouble Democrats wonder II they
shouldn't go o. better-and nominate man VINO
had two heart attacks.
The Government 1t has spent $8 billion on veterans
benefits Of who get veterans check don't know
whether to taxpayers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-29
Dulles Credits Western Successes
But Holes Are Seen in His Reasoning

gary and Romania twhere Rus
sian troops were on hand or in
little CZechoslovakia. But they
went slower in Poland, got
nowhere in Yugoslavia, and
would not dare attempt such
measures in China.
AS an international party
with many power centers in
stead Of only one. Russian
Communists are compelled to
thresh out many things anew.
There must be collective
leadership and a collectively
agreed on policy, not only
within the Soviet Union, but
above all between the Com
munist states and national
parties.
Thus, the new line" has
been greatly, if not decisively,
influenced by Mao Tze-tung.
Chou En-lai. Marshal Tito,
and those Russian leaders
who. though they yielded to
Stain during his lifetime-in
order to live to 60 on think
ing-obviously kept their own
silent thoughts.
There is, one may reason
ably suppose. still rivalry with
in international Communist
ranks. We suspect that the
Russian-Soviet Counting of
India and other "uncom-
mitted" Asian countries is
partly motivated by a desire
to diSsipate the influence of
Communist China, by getting
in first. Competitive coexist-
ence" is not only, we may pre-
sumo, confined to the two
blocS.
There is considerable COM