davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-03
Whittier, Little Boy?

Little boy. ,Chere did you 90
today?
ODer the hills, and far d,Ddy,
To the highest mountain.
And deepest sea,
And a magic island
With a bubble gum tree.
Little boy, Dhere do you 90
tonight?
Perhaps to the moon.
II the weather's right.
From MoseIey
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-03

@. What nations lead the
world in the consumption of
wine and liquor?-R. j. H.
A. In respect to the yearly
consumption Of alcohol per
adult, France is far ahead,
followed by Italy, Switzerland,
Great Britain. United States
and West Germany.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-03
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used IL
letters carry tGriters' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
Sdtion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-03
Questions and Answers

reader can get an answer 1 any
factua' question BY writing The
Evening Star information Bureau,
100 Eye st NV. WASHINGTON s,
d C Please inclose / cents for re-
turn nnStnRe
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-29

A Western diplomat, recently
returned from the USSR, ex-
pressed the opinion during a
stay in Washington that the
Soviet dictators are taking a
big gamble with the new free
doms" they are giving their
people.
These freedoms" by West
ern standards. mean only a
change from slavery to serf-
dom. But by Communist
standards, even allowing work.
ers to change their jobs is
considered an important con-
ceSsion.
And this diplomat, a learned
man. pointed to the words of
Count Metternich. the great
Austrian statesman of a CEN
fury and a half ago: "All con-
cessions take away a right or
take away a property; and
they not only weaken the body
parting from them but they
inf1ame the appetites Of those
who contain them"
The Austrian chancellor's
words were aimed. of course, in
those days at territories. But
they can now apply to ideas,
the diplomat said in Washing
ton. The slight concessions
made to, the Russian people
might whet their appetite for
more and genuine liberties.
And If the appetite grows, I'M
opposed by the secret police
which is still powerful in
Sovietland, there is no saying
what may occur within the
foreseeable future in that
country.
These views of the West
European diplomat unqueStion-
ably have affected the think
ing of a small group of presi-
dental advisers who have be-
lieved for some time that the
leopard was rapidly changing
his spots. Hence the drive
within the executive branch to
bring about a closer exchange
between Americans of all walks
of life and their Soviet coun-
terpartS.
1t is for the same reasons
that a handful of presidential
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-29
DAVID LAWRENCE
Why Cold War Goes Against Us

West. Only public opinion can
give the Western governments
solid ground to- stand upon in
refusing to participate in such
meetings"
Gen. Twining, chief of the
United States Air Force, prob
ably will 60 to Moscow for the
air show next month. along
with air generals from Britain
and France. But if the Rus
slams invite the United States
Joint Chiefs of staff as a whole
and the invitation is accepted,
then the Russian chiefs will
want to come here. too. 1t
would mean also that Khrush-
chev and Bulganin would feel
that the United States could
not fail to invite them. A num-
Der of military missions from
Soviet Russia then would prob
ably go to the Latin Ameri-
can capitals. This would aid
the infiltration propaganda of
the Soviets.
All this is in the face of the
fact that sixteen nations which
m a d e military sacrifices to
support the United Nations in
Korea cannot even get per-
mission for a general or any
other military officer to visit
North Korean camps where the
armistice has been violated.
especially in building up air.
fields. The neutral supervisory
commission of the u. N. has
given up all hope of being able
to go into North Korea. Yet
visits by American military
men to Moscow are applauded
in free America in certain
quarters and there is a steady
drive encouraged by many
Well-meanlng persons to in
vite Khrushchev and Bulganin
to come here.
In propaganda, the Soviets
are outmaneuvering America
largely because they have men
in Moscow who understand
the Western democracieS. But
in Washington evidently the
Russians who have turned on
the Kremlin and who under
stand Russia are not consulted
when policy decisions are be-
ing made that could vitality
affect the psychology of the
peoples behind the Iron Cur
tain. Small wonder the "cold
war" is going against us.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-29
DORIS FLEESON

A whole charm school of
handsome Symingtons was on
the platform smiling and wav-
ing at the Missouri State Con-
vention which has launched
Senator Symington's presi-
dental boom. 1t included the
Senator, his wife, their two
sons and the sons wiveS-and
there are some photogenic
grandchildren left over for
later pictures.
Such wholesale charm is an
asset in politics as elsewhere
and it is not the Senator's only
asset. But his boom depends
nonetheless on events outside
the control of its participants.
Only as and if Adlai Ste
venson takes a real tumble
in Florida today and in Cali
fornia a week later can it get
on the ground.
After that, a Missourian who
wasn't there when the Mis-
souri, convention acted will
have a powerful voice in deter
mining its future. Former
President Truman had quietly
removed himself from consid-
GRAFTON as a Missouri dele
gate to the national conven-
ton when he learned that his
home State would offer it to
a favorlte son.
Asked how he then expected
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-29
Synington Ready on the SideIines

spite of congressional GOODNESS
toward him.
Symington will be rather
ironically placed in the battle,
since his career in industry
and in several important Tru-
man administration posts
shows him an aggressive sup
porter of civil rights.
Senator Lyndon Johnson's
heart attack is responsible for
this irony. 1t was perfectly
clear early last year that the
MiSSourian was a stalking
horse for Johnson candidacy.
But when the majority leader
fell victim to a coronary, it
became impractical to proceed
as planned and politicians who
cared neither for Stevenson
nor Kefauver had to have a
place to go. They have been
going to Symington in increas-
ing numbers.
The Symington candidacy,
perhaps unfairly, thus becomes
a rallying point for interests
more conservative than his own
voting record. He has not.
however, in contrast to his
senior colleague, Senator
Thomas c. Hennings, jr., moved
into bruising battles for the
liberal cause. HenningS bears
visible scars from his efforts
a circumstance in a candidate
which the majority of politi-
clans deplore, including, it ap-
pears, most of those in Mis-
souri,.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-29
Missouri Starts Boom, But 1t Depends
On Stevenson-Kefouver Outcome

to influence the party plat
form and the choice of a
nominee. Truman said with a
grin:
Il am informed that I will
be given a prominent box on
the floor of the convention.
shall be available there and at
all times for consultation"
The former President will
not be the convention key
noter A special program of
tribute to him is being ar
ranged instead and the key
noter will be chosen from the
ranks of articulate young
Democrats in the Senate or
StatehouseS, with the latter
preferred by most factions.
This suits Truman fine. He
intends to be a powerful in
fluence at the convention, but
he wants complete freedom of
action.
For he perceives with his
great experience just how fluid
and ridden the con-
vention might become if Sem
ator Kefauver manages to
knock out Stevenson in the
next ten days. The big States
will wheel up Gov. Hartman
of New York and the South,
Senator Symington. Kefauver
would not, of course, stop
fighting for the nomination in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-29
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Ike conferS with his intelligence advisers. Espionage
calculated risk Sometimes you billions find out what
the enemy is up to = only to discover that he
himself.
Republican Chairman Hall Republican luck hold
forever Sooner later Stevenson Kefauver will have to
quit talking.
Government economists say business is slipping bit The
Eisenhower team thinks may overplayed its hand It
should have held the election last year.
At their Chicago convention, Democrats will nominate the
man Of the hour-and hope he lasts that long
Republicans will get equal elevision time answer the
Stevenson Kefauver debate The question whether our
foreign policy working Secretary will debate
it with himself
Senator Malone of Nevada wants to cut the Army and
Navy and build big Air Force The Army Navy
other hand would abolish the Air Force-and divide up
planes between them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-29
A Shift From Slavery to Serfdom

particularly at the young
generation which is being in
stilled with the idea that any,
thing-even peace at any
price-is better than defending
what is now often described
derisively as 1.-The old way Of
life"
Lenin and especially Stain
maintained that communism
will succeed in dominating the
world whenever America is in
the midst of another depres-
sion which would throw mil
lions of wage earners out of
work. Stain was assured by
his chief economist, Varga,
that Americas economic sys-
tenn would collapse under the
burden of rearmament and
foreign economic assistance.
This was too slow coming for
his taste and he became con-
vinced in 1850 that it must be
fastened by additional local
wars--such as in Korea-and
by saber ratings in Europe.
A modified version of VAR
gas economic philosophy was
adopted by the new rulers of
the USSR when they entered
what we describe as economic
competition with America in
offering assistance to undevel-.
oped countries all over the
world. AS a matter of fact, the
Soviet offer is only chicken
feed to what we have given
and are giving now. Moreover,
the Russians ask economic or
political returns for the pit
lance they offer.
The Soviet gestures are
worrying the administration,
which is rushing to counter
them with more cash and
substance to all who ask it.
Whether the Soviet estimate
is correct that this policy
would bring us closer to eco
nomic troubles within the
country. only the future will
tell. But. in the meantime. the
Red propaganda in this coun-
try-in many instances ex-
tremely subtle-is increasing.
1t is considerably assisted by
the free and easy mannerisms
of the B & K team, which
hopes to further it more by
visiting this country in the
near future.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-29

When the Soviet government
wants to make a psychological
move and weigh the probable
impact on the people of Britain
or America, they call in Messrs.
Burgess and MacLean, who
know intimately the Western
democracies-their gullibility
and their political weaknesses.
I But when the United States
is confronted with a move
that could affect the psychol-
ogy of the peoples behind the
Iron Curtain, nobody with a
knowledge of the processes of
reasoning of the Russians sits
IN at the top councils. Deci-
sions usually are made here
on the basis of what American
officials think is or will be
the Russian reaction.
Thus, today there is a big
problem facing decision by the
United States Government. 1t
is whether to open the way for
the United States Joint Chiefs
Of Staff to visit Moscow and
to let the highest military
commanders of the Soviet
regime come here.
On the face of it, the Ameri-
can mind sees nothing wrong
with it-just another means
of creating a better climate
for peace"
But the men who have
knowledge of the Russian I'M
derground-the emigres who
have fled from behind the Iron
Curtain-constantly are warn
ing that the United States
must not appear to be giving
sanction to permanent rule by
the Moscow tyrantS over the
satellite states and a continued
enslavement of the people of
Soviet Russia.
Ever since the Geneva con-
ference of 1854, the Moscow
government has been playing
up the idea that the United
States accepts the status quo"
in Eastern Europe. Many
Americans, including George
KEENAN, of the Truman adj
ministration's policy-making
group and now an adviser to
Adlai Stevenson. think it's all
right to abandon the peoples
behind the Iron Curtain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-29
CONSTANTINE BROWN
ReoIists Fighting Hope Of biologists
That Soviet freedoms Mean Chance

=
advisers are strongly favoring
an exchange of courtesy visits,
not only between the top mill
tary leaders from the United
States and the Soviet Repub-
lies. but are trying to find a
way to get the Bulganin-
Khrushchev twins to Wash
lngton. One of the means re-
portedly suggested recently was
another summit conference.
Repeatedly the location pro-
posed was Washington, or some
more secluded guest spot where
security measures could be en-
forced with greater ease.
The optimism of the ideolo-
gistS in the administration is
being countered by the realism
of others. including Secretary
Dulles. responsible military
men and a majority of con-
gressional leaders. None of
these believes that one can
catch bird by putting salt on
its tail. They are convinced
that nothing has changed in
the overall scope of the Soviet
duumvirate.
After so many years of hard
dictatorship it was inevitable
that some token freedoms be
given lest the pot boil over.
But while the internal situa-
ton has thus changed slightly,
the foreign policies of the
USSR. which are fundamen-
tally a continuation of those
OF the czarS. remain I'M
changed. There is no ques-
ton that because we are at
least Russia's equal in most
unconventional weapons the
Soviet leaders are as anxious
as we are to avoid a third
world war in which these
weapons would be used and
cause as much destruction in
their areas as in ours.
The new strategy of the Rus
slams is to weaken the founda-
lions of the free nations by
Subversion and propaganda.
They have already made i'm
portant strides, not only in
Europe and in the Far East,
but also in the United States.
The Red propaganda is on the
rise in America and is aimed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-29
Symington's Only Human, Too

family. understandable be Mis-
souri's "favorite son" to hold
the delegation together until it
decided where it wanted to go.
But that has changed in recent
weeks and he has been the
willing beneficiary of a pub
licity build-up on the theory
that the convention might go
into a deadlock and he might
emerge as compromise"
candidate.
This possibility gathered
strength when the South's in
fiuence in the convention
seemed to be enlarged by the
victory in Texas of Senator
Lyndon johnson, the party
floor leader. over Gov. Allan
Shivers, who bolted to Gen.
Eisenhower in 1852. That gave
Senator johnson and party
regulars control of the delega-
ton to the convention, assured
him voice and considerable
influence at Chicago, and put
him and Speaker of the House
Sam Rayburn. also from Texas,
who is to be the conventions
permanent chairman. in a po-
sition where they can weld the
South into an effective bloc.
Senator Symington generally
is regarded as a moderate or
middle-of -the-roader and thus
would be more acceptable to
Nhe South than some other
candidates. His candidacy is
predicated upon Southern sup
port in event of a deadlock.
Former President Harry Tru-
man, who is personally friend
ly to Senator Symington, does
not believe the party can win
with a candidate Of his per-
suasion. but that a fighting
progressive type is needed.
That explains why Truman dis
associated himself from the
Symington candidacy by with
drawing as a delegate to the
convention when he learned
that the Missouri delegation
would be bound to Senator Sy-
mington and committed to his
candidacy. The ex-President
wants to remain a free agent.
He will attend the Chicago
convention as visiting guest,
SO to speak. always available
for counsel about the party's
course on platform and can
didates.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-29
Writer Says U. S. Fails to Use People
Who Understand Soviet Reactions

Potential trouble for the
Moscow regime, however, is
embedded in the satellite states
and among the people inside
Soviet Russia who still believe
the United States will not for
sake them.
DR.. Vladimir Poremsky,
president of the National ALI
ance of Russian Solidarists-
an organization that carries
on underground activities in
the Soviet Union-f1ew to
America a few days ago and,
in a copyrighted interview in
U. S. News and World Report
this week, he discusses the re-
cent visit of Khrushchev and
Bulganin to England. He says:
II think Khrushchev and
Bulganin have a double aim.
The first aim, which we con-
slider the main one, is to
consolidate their prestige with
in their own country by show
ing their people that they are
being well received abroad,
and to use this prestige to
stif1e domestic opposition.
They strive particularly to de-
prive their people of the hope
of support from the free world.
Their second aim, which we
regard as secondary. is to try
once more to deceive the West,
in accordance with the Lenin-
list line to which they have
now returned. Lenin was very
optimistic concerning the pos
sibility of fooling people in
the West, because he thought
that there were many fools
there"
WnaC is your opinion con-
corning the wisdom or the I'M
wisdom of the Geneva con-
ference?" he was asked. Here
is his reply:
Il think that. because of
the prevailing atmosphere in
the world today, because Of
everyone's fear of war, it would
have been difficult to avoid
the meeting at Geneva. Per-
Sonally, I would rather it had
not taken place. Whether or
not such meetings can be
avoided in the future will de-
pend on public opinion in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-29
THOMAS L. STOKES
Senator Viewed as Beginning to Believe
Own Favorable Candidacy Notices

Senator Stuart Symington of
Missouri-where Harry Tru-
man came from-obviously is
beginning to believe his own
recent swarm of favorable
notices. These are to the effect
that if the Democratic conven-
ton in Chicago in August gets
confused enough about what
to do it might find a way out
of the confusion by nominate
ing him as its candidate for
President.
And. to be sure, that could
happen.
We need only cite a COIN
cidence elsewhere on the DEM
ocratic map of political action
about the time that the Mis-
souri, Democratic State con-
vention at Jefferson City was
tying itself up tightly to the
Senator as its candidate, and
making him more than a mere
favorite son.
This coincidence was in
Florida. There, in the closing
hours Of the presidential pri-
mary. the two active candidates
for the Democratic nomination
-Adlai Stevenson and Senator
Estes Kefauver-had worked
themselves into a beautiful
feud. The Senator was carry
ing 1t almost to the "rule or
ruin" point by the vindictive
nature of his attacks on the
1852 Democratic candidate and
still titular party leader which.
If Adlai Stevenson were NOM
mated, could provide juicy
quotes for Republican stump
speakers.
The two rivals have very
nearly worn each other out
physically. A continuation of
the you're another" dialogue
in California. with a whole
week to go before their final
primary test there, could con-
tribute to wearing out the
welcome of both with the
party.
1t is upon elimination of
these two recognized 'front.'
runners that the dark horses"
rely.
In this latter category none
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-29

has received more mention in
recent weeks than the hand
some Senator Symington He
would be less than human if,
as he receives the accolade
from his own folks in Mis-
souri,, he did not cock half
an eye toward the eye-gouging
gladiators who have moved
their arena from Florida to
California.
OF late the Senator has been
nudging himself, and letting
his friends nudge him, closer
and closer to the status of an
open candidate. though he
solemnly denies that. Of course,
which is also typical of this
particular stage of the ia
miliar disease of presidentitis.
Again at Jefferson City. where
he was on hand for the State
convention, he insisted he was
not candidate and would not
conduct a campaign for the
nomination. But, when asked
whether he would refuse If
nominated, he gave the stock
answer:
"of course not. No citizen
should"
That is known as respond
ing to the voice of the people"
The Senator's attitude re-
calls a confession Abraham
Lincoln made of yearning for
the presidency only a few
weeks before the 1860 Chicago
convention in a letter to Sena-
tor Lyman Trumbull of Illi-
nois: las you request, will be
utterly frank-The taste is in
my mouth a little: and this. no
doubt, disqualif1es me, to some
extent. to form correct opin-
IONS
Not only did Senator Sy-
mineton turn UP for the DEM
onstration in his behalf at
Jefferson City. but he had
about him the traditional tab
leau Of the available candi-
date for the White House in
his whole family-his wife and
their two sons and their wives.
Some time ago the Senator
was in the vague position Of
being willing = though reluc-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-29
That's a big check.

nav VIZ SlNOhs
Most pay days it's even bigger. Some
pay days it may be little less. But in
1866, for instance, the total paid out
for employment costs in the steel in
dustry and its affiliated interests was
almost Al billion dollars.
About 80 per cent of that was paid
directly to employees and the rest was
set aside for their pensions, insurance
and other benefits.
The Al billion dollars was an aver
age of $4,000 per year per employee.
And the steel companies, in 1866,
wrote another series of checks that
totalled more than billion dollars for
the materials and services needed to
keep the steelworkers employed.
Any way you figure it, close to III
billions of dollars from the steel COM
panies alone, went directly to the
workers or was paid out for materials.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-29
Steel writes a
pay check like this
twice a month

Thus, wages and materials alone ac-
counted for close to II billions of the
total ID billions received by the steel
companies from sales, services and all
other sources. AS the chart at the right
shows, this was III per cent of every
dollar taken in.
Then, with what was left over, the
steel companies had to pay taxes and
interest and allow for depreciation
costs before any money was available
for expansion, reinvestment in the
business or dividends.
Meanwhile the country's needs for
steel increase daily To meet this need
the steel companies are expanding
their production capacity to increase
it Is million tons in just three years.
This will cost more than billion dol
lars this year alone. Expansion will
mean more jobs, bigger payrolls.
1t all leads unerringly to one con-
clusion
America and Steel Must Grou Together
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-12
Dillon Explains StotementOi Firms Plane
On Withdrawal Of Troops rrashos 0DAad

PARIS, Dec. IL lP.-C. Doug
las Dillon, United States AM
bassador to France, declared
today he had no intention of
minimizing United Nations eff
fort when he said Britain and
France called of their invasion
of Egypt primarily because of
Soviet threats.
The statement, made last
Saturday for radio broadcast
and released Monday in WASH
ington, caused surprise among
both Americans and pro-Ameri-
can Arabs in Egypt. They saw
the statement as running coun-
ter to what has been a growing
belief among Arabs that the
United States was primarily re-
lsponsible for ending the invasion
Mr.. Dillon had no comment
last night on the Egyptian re-
action. This morning the En-
baSSy stan released this state
ment BY him.
In my answers to questions
on a recent radio program as to
why the British and French
stopped their military action in
Suez prior to reaching their an
nounced detectives, I had no in
tention of minimizing the effect
of the worldwide moral pres
sure which was exerted through
the United Nations.
MY intention was only to in