davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-28
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
year and $50 million in the fol-
lowing year.
Real estate:
The committee approved the
decision of the Commissioners TO
raise the real estate tax rate by
10 cents from 1920 to $3.50 per
800 valuation but did not write
this into the bill. This is esti-
mated to produce $l.8 million in
the next year and $1.9 million in
1853 and thereafter.
Sales tax on meals:
The exemption level would be
reduced from so cents to Is cents.
This is estimated to produce an
additional 100000 per year.
/ Rental of personal property:
/ In broad language. the meas
lure provides for 2 per cent sales
tax on all personal property that
is rented for commercial use.
Specifically exempted would be
Itelevision and radio films. One
official said it would be applied
Ito mats used by newspapers or
other publications for reproduc-
ton of comics. Others said they
did not know. indicating that
this might be left for coverage
in regulations adopted by the
city heads. 1t also raised the
question as to whether publica-
lions paying for comics were buy
ing or renting them.
Liquor:
The tax would be raised from
81 per gallon to $1.25, bringing
the levy nearer to the rates
charged in Maryland and Vir-
Iginia. From this the District ex-
poets to receive an additional
$3.50. 900 a year.
Beer:
The rate would be increased
by IS cents a barrel, to raise the
levy to $1.50 a barrel. This is far
below what the Commissioners
originally asked. They recon-
mended a rate Of So a barrel. The
25-cent increase is expected to
produce an additional 1872, 900
a year.
Wine:
Recommended is a tax of IS
cents per gallon on wines con-
tanning IA per cent or less Of
alcohol. This is expected to pro-
duce an additional $255.0O0 a
year.
Professional license tax:
This is a new levy adopted by
the fiscal subcommittee on their
own initiative. 1t would be a fee
Of SIS year on professional
men. including doctors. lawyers
and dentists. 1t is estimated 1t
would bring in $l75.000 a year.
Sales Tax on Military
Sales tax on articles sold by
military commisSaries:
1t would apply the 2 per cent
general sales tax to sales by
Army. Navy and Air Force COM
missaries and post exchanges
and those made by officers clubs.
1t is estimated this would add
100000 each year to the Dis
trict Golfers.
Sales tax on sale OF fertilizers,
seeds and other farm and garden
material:
These would be taxed at the
general sales tax rate Of 2 per
cent. This is estimated to bring
in $4,000 a year.
As indicated in earlier reports
from the subcommittee the
Joint group left out Of its
measure recommendations made
by the Commissioners for a 2
per cent tax on admissions to
places Of entertainment and for
IA 2 per cent tax on local tele-
phone service.
The joint committee plans to
have one more meeting. This
is to put the final okay on the
actual language of the measure.
This is scheduled because some
of the new paragraphs in the
bill. had not been reduced to
writing when the joint group
adopted its program in the
closed session Yesterday. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-28
TRAIN WRECK
DEATH LIST
BY the AsSocisted Press
AT SALEM HOSPITAL

AT SALEM HOSPITAL
Walter D. Allen. IS. OF Pea
body, Mass, retired chief en-
gineer of a Peabody leather
plant.
Don Taylor. Marblehead.
Miss Ruth Bean, Salem.
AT LYNN HOSPITAL
Raymond F. Jones, Lynn.
Walter B. Lee, Peabody.
Ernest Tourtellette. Winches-
ter.
Francis E. Boettner, Peabody
George F.. Sillars. Danvers
tentative Identification.
Garden Trask, Danvers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-28
Hoau to haze .
Answered prayer

Christian Scientists have found how to have
answers to their prayers, and are putting their
understanding to the test in all manner of
human need. They are proving-many to re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-30
Menninger Urges Better
Mental Health Facilities

Two psychiatrists addressed
separate meetings of United
Community Services yesterday.
Both pleaded for improved men,
tai health facilities in schools
and hospitals.
DR.. William c. Menninger, one
Iof Americas leading mental
health authorities and general
secretary of the Menninger
Foundation, spoke at UCS re-
ception at the National Press
Club for members of the Senate
and House District Committees.
More than 500 persons attended.
Inadequate Job
DR.. Menninger said it is a
paradox that in an advanced
culture like that of the United
States, 1--WE can spend 30-to-1 on
destruction rather than con-
Istruction, despite the obvious
necessity of defense prepared
ness" He said State mental
hospitals in general are doing
la totally inadequate job" of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-30

who has severely criticized past
Army cuts.
Gen. Ridgway stuck to his
contentious but said he may
have used some poetic license"
in his magazine statement that
as Army chief Il felt I was be-
ing called upon to destroy, rather
than to build, fighting force. "
Gen. Taylor agreed under
questioning that all the military
chiefs would probably like to
have bigger forces than those
allotted them. He said, how
ever, he had his full day in
court" in presenting Army needs
and that he was well impressed
by Secretary of Defense Wilson's
effort to get a balanced defense
program.
The Army chief asserted that
the approved level of approx
mately $9.5 billion would still
allow for an Army slightly bigger
in combat forces next year.
Many students of the world
military situation regard only
one type of war-the general
nuclear onslaught - as being
sufficiently important to cause
much concern. I do not adhere
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-30
DOROTHY THOMPSON
Indonesio's Star Chamber Justice

York University, expressed
the same view in a letter to
the New York Times, and
published March %.
They stated: 1.-THE record
reveals the eagerneSs of po-
lice and prosecuting authori-
ties to create a situation in
which only witnesses for the
prosecution have been fully
heard"
No real friend of the Re-
public of Indonesia should OPP
pose a thorough investigation
of this case. The United
States took the lead in the
United Nations in supporting
Indonesia's demand for self
government.
If the whole case is not a
police frame-up for political
reasons. the Indonesian gov
eminent could best prove it
by Immediately granting quail
fled legal counsel to the &C
cused, and showing that 1t
has nothing to hide.
There are. among American
attorneys of high repute, men
who have been staunch sup
porters of Indonesian freedom
and independence. There are
none who think that freedom
is compatible with star-cham-
Der Justice.
And If constitutional securi-
ties can be denied Dutchmen
IN Indonesia, they also eventu-
ally will be denied to Indo-
nesians, too.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-30

caring for the mentally dis
turbed.
With 100000 persons in men,
tai hospitals in this country, he
said, there is an average of one
doctor for each 311 patients.
That's a crime and a shame,
he said, when a doctor is able
to spend only Is minutes a
month with a patient" He said
State mental hospital budgets
are based on So or SO a day,
while we spend 10 times that
much in general hospitals"
Personnel Shortage
DR.. Menninger said Americans
tend to invest in bricks instead
of brains" in human welfare
work. He said that, because of
a shortage of trained personnel
and general community apathy
1--WE haven't made. a start in the
areas of alcoholism, delinquency
and crime" ,-
At an earlier meeting of the
UCS Corrections Section at the
YWCA, DR.. Benjamin Karpman,
chief psychotherapist at st.
Elizabeths Hospital, said that
m cd ern psychiatric methods
can cure any criminal, except
a drug addict, if we have time. "
He advocated mental hygiene
clinics in every high school to
find and correct mental prob
lens in young people before they
drift into crime.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-30
Eisenhower and Indignation

that slavery was abolished
after Appomattox without
difficulty. Actually, slavery was
made unconstitutional, not by
a Supreme Court decision with
this effect. but by a constitu-
tional amendment submitted,
after the House once declined
to approve it. in January, 1865.
Even then only 90 States of
the required Is ratified, Ken
lucky and Delaware rejecting.
and the amendment became
effective only through the
action of provisional govern
ments. put and held in Office
by the Union Army, in olsen
franchised States of the beaten
Confederacy."
For many decades the SUI
preme Court of the United
States had held that, as long
as equal facilities for educa-
ton were provided by the
States. they could be separate.
But now nine men in the
Supreme Court say the other
judges in the past were wrong,
and that segregation by race
in public schools violates the
Fourteenth Amendment which
guarantees equal protection
Of the laws" to everybody.
Has equal protection" been
achieved by separate but equal
educational facilities or does
it mean only compulsory in
tegration? Merely to state the
problem. is to show how far
from simple it is. Z
1t is easy enough to say
that the Supreme Court now
has decided it and that all
must obey. But obey what?
How shall "integration" be
carried out? What are its lin
itations? That's why the SUI
preme Court left all questions
to be worked out in individual
cases in the lower courts. This
will take time.
Meanwhile. Mr.. Eisenhower's
role will not be to use or to
threaten force but to try to
bring about in an orderly way
an adaptation of the school
question to the circumstances
which are faced in the South.
His whole concern now is
how to lessen the tension be-
tween the races that has risen
as never before to plague the
people who for generations
have lived amicably together.
Reproduction Rights Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-30
DORIS FLEESON
Chairman Hall Is Confident of Victory
Despite Agricultural Stotes' Discomfort

THAT stuff just dosen't rub
of on Ike"
Publicity Director Richard
Guylay of the Republican Ma
tional Committee is speaking.
His comment is more than a
quick answer to reporters who
call him about the present
flood of farm revolt news. 1t
is not merely a legitimate reply
by a publicity director.
Guylay is speaking y by
the Republican policy book.
His boss, National Chairman
Leonard Hall, believes abso-
lutely that voters do not blame
President Eisenhower for any,
thing. The Hall strategy re-
mains the same: To sell
Eisenhower, the peace and
prosperity maker who is far
above the battle of sectional
or vested interests.
Halls confidence rests
first of all on his own con-
versations with hundreds Of
people, his mail from thou
sands more. He has studied a
host of polls, national and
State. plus some private
sourdings he personally Or
dered.
A poll expert has assured
him that the Eisenhower popu-
larity is not a phenomenon
in the public opinion field but
q genuine fact of life. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-30
|Army's Budget
Seen Adequate
BY the Associated Press

Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor would
like to have the United States
Army half again as large as the
limit set by the Eisenhower ad-
ministration.
But Gen. Taylor, the Army
Chief of Staff, said the budget
for next fiscal year, providing
for 1,O25,000-man army, is
"marginally sufficient" for the
Army's tasks. A is million-man
army, he said, would be the
"optimum" from just a purely
military" standpoint.
Gen. Taylor testified in secret
session before a House Appro-
priations subcommittee las st
month and the testimony was
made public yesterday. The SUBJ
committee also questioned his
predecessor as Army chief, Gen
Matthew B. Ridgway, retired
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-30

to that view -" he said, add
ing:
1T appears probable that by
pressure on the soft spots about
the Soviet periphery through
subversion, guerrilla action and
coups d'etat. by small-scale
wars and the ever present
threat of their large armies, the
Communists will continue to
seek an extension of their boun-
daries at the expense Of the
West :"
Gen. Ridgway told the sub
committee that he had agreed
in December. 1853, to a long
range program calling for a
cut in Army strength from a
poSt-Korean level of about is
million men to / million by
fiscal 1857. He said this was
based on certain assumptions
as to world conditions.
However. the former Army
chief said the cuts were too
drastic and too rapid" And
the 1853 assumptions "havs
not materialized." Person.
ally. my feeling is that the
! world situation has deterio-
rated rather than improved"
he added.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-30

Republican campaign will be
built on 1t.
The chairman Is not neglect
ing the ominous signs from
farm areas. Even If he is right
about Eisenhower, serious dis
content there could cost his
party control of Congress. Six
Senators are up from Midwest
farm States: Carlson of Kan
sas, Hickenlooper of Iowa.
Case Of South Dakota, Young
of North Dakota, Wiley of
Wisconsin and Dirksen of Illi-
nois. Any one of them who
goes down will take House
members with him.
Midwest Republicans Of
proved sagacity are among
those who have been writing
Washington friends such COM
ments as: 1.-THE Democrats
ought to be down on their
knees thanking the Lord for
Benson" "Dr. Gallup may turn
out to be the best friend of
the Democrats and the worst
enemy the Republicans have"
Ezra Benson is Secretary of
Agriculture. DR.. George Gal
Mp's polls portray Eisenhower
as invincible.
Hall has sent out his own
scouts to check this thinking.
One is Victor Johnston, a
Minnesotan of long experience
in Midwest politics. Another is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-30
Farm Revolt and COP. Chances

the national committees agri-
cultural expert, Speed Nelson
of South Dakota. They have a
heavy responsibility, for WASH
ington generally inclines to
Halls version of Eisenhower's
invulnerability.
The Wall Street Journal -
no New Deal organ its the
latest to challenge the equa-
nimity with which G.O.P
headquarters views the COM
ing election. Under dateline
of Blue Earth, Mimi, it's re-
porter confirms the farm re-
volt and attacks the theory
that farmers will switch from
Republican to Democratic
Congressman and grippe about
Secretary Benson but. remain
strongly devoted to Ike.
Almost the opposite seems
to be the case, according to
the Journal reporter. He says
the Minnesota farmers who
plan to switch parties this fall
show little inclination to blame
their Congressman, who are
mostly included in the Repub-
lican farm State rebels against
the Eisenhower-Benson policy.
Democratic headquart ers
here says that it has had many
letters blaming Adlai Steven
sons Minnesota primary de-
feat on the fact that Republic
cans switched over to Senator
Kefauver to embarrass Gov.
Freeman and Senator Hum
phrey. Stevenson sponsors. All
its mail predicts the State will
go Democratic this fall.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-30

The United States has def
nitely seized the initiative from
the Soviet Union on the dis
armament challenge.
President Eisenhower &C
complished a significant gain
for American prestige last year
at Geneva. when he proposed
the "open skies" inspection
procedure, which, of course,
no one ever expected to be-
come a reality. The gain; how
ever, lay in the impact which
the idea had on world opinion.
Headlines in all languages for
once were casting the United
States in the role of a peace
monger."
But after Geneva. and par
ticularly after Mr.. Molotov
made it plain that the Moscow
line hadn't really changed at
all on foreign affairs, we lost
to some extent the advantages
we had gained. The Red
Spokesman in the United Ma
lions Disarmament Commits
sion proved ready and able to
recapture the dove of peace
with some adept use OF spe-
cious bait, all sound and no
substance.
Since Mr.. Eisenhower's re-
turn to the active duties OF the
presidency, however. Ameri-
can proposals for further i'm
fermentation of earlier in
spection and checkup plans
have been boldly offered and
soundly based.
They have included a modi-
fication of the old "open skies"
proposal, a suggestion for a
mutual agreement between our
Nation and the Soviet Union
on a limitation in size on the
standing armies of both sides
to a maximum of 2.500,000
men each; an international
military communications sys-
TEN by which the United
States and Russia, and later
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-30
Bishop Dorotheus
lis Greek Primute

ATHENS, Greece, Mar. 80 up.
Bishop Dorotheus of Larissa
was elected Greek Orthodox
archbishop of Athens and pri-
mate of Greece yesterday.
He succeeds Archbishop Spy
Iridon who died 10 days ago.
The election of the 68-year-
old archbishop was carried out
by Sc bishops of the Greek Or
thodox Church in three hours
and As minutes behind closed
doors of the Athens Cathedral.
The new archbishop was born
on Hydra Island of a sailor faith
Ter. His lay name is Yoannis
Kottara. He continued law at
Athens University and COM
|pleted his law and theological
studies at Leipzig. He became
la bishop in 1922.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-30

The capacity of a state to
govern is determined by its
will and ability to insure JUS
tice under the law for its resi-
dents and citizens.
The government of Indo-
nesia is ostensibly a demo-
cratic republic with the rights
of all to a fair trial secured
by it's constitution.
The prerequisites for a fair
trial are recognized by every
country that is not a police
state, as Indonesia claims not
to be. These are that no popu-
lar or political pressures may
be put upon a judge to impair
his Judgment; that the ac-
cused be permitted qualified
counsel, who again may not
be threatened by popular or
government pressures; that
witnesses may be Intercepted
to assure their reliability; and
that rules of evidence are
strictly observed.
In Indonesia, % Dutchmen
have been arrested and held
for about two years on charges
of conspiring against the gov
eminent, and some Of them on
no charges of which they have
been made cognizant.
One of them, Leon Jung
schlager, is now on trial. under
conditions repeatedly violating
all of these prerequisites and
constitutional securities.
Mr.. Jungschlager is with
out legally trained counsel.
His Indonesian counsel. Mrs.
Mani Razak, and his Dutch
counsel. Mr.. Bouman. felt
compelled to withdraw from
the case when they found it
impossible to conduct it under
proper courtroom procedures,
and discovered that the police
were attempting to embroil
them also as "conspirators."
Mr.. Bouman has left the
country and Mr.. Jungschlager
Is defended solely by Bouman's
wife, who is not a qualified
lawyer but a schoolteacher.
The Netherlands government
attempted to employ In his
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-30
Fair Trial Reported Denied Dutchmon,
One of % Jailed Two Years as PIotter

behalf a British barrister. Mr..
Curtis-Bennete, or the distin-
guished professor of interna-
tional comparative law at Co
lumbia university, Henry P.
de Vries, and a Washington
lawyer, Charles Horsky. All
have been refused visas.
The atmosphere of the trial
is repeatedly that of the no.
torious Peoples Tribunals set
up under Nazis and Commu-
nists alike. MobS are allowed to
congregate and to spit upon
the defense counsel as she
leaves the building.
According to foreign journal
lists, the prosecutors impas-
stoned speech calling for the
death sentence was publicly
broadcast to congregated mobs
crying for blood. A large part
Of the Indonesian press has
been inflaming the public.
The public prosecutor has
accepted testimony charging
British and American partic-
ipation in subversive activities
connected with "the conspir-
acy" on the words of a highly
dubious witness named Ma
noch. His testimony was &C
cepted without a shred of sup
porting evidence.
Other prisoners and known
criminals have been accepted
as witnesses, according to
documentarily supported evil
dence, and there is documen-
tary evidence to support afro
cious maltreatment of prison.
ers to extort confessions.
This column does not pass
judgment on the truth or
falsehood of the accusations.
But that there is marked
absence of the essential ele-
ments of a fair trial" is the
opinion of the International
Commission of Jurists organ
lied to combat the arbitrary
procedures in Iron Curtain
countries.
Professor de VrieS. Harry
Gideonse. president of Brook
lyn College. and Harold Voor-
his. vice chancellor OF New
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-30
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Genuine Progress on Arms Control
Doubted in View of World Situation

other nations. would report all
troop movements outside their
own boundaries in advance,
and a trial" exchange of dis
armament commissions among
the five nations represented
on the U. N. Disarmament
Subcommittee.
These proposals. of course,
are in addition to the "atoms
for peace" plan put forward
to the U. N. by Mr.. Eisenhower
in 1858. 1t was really the first
concrete proposition since
World War II to do something
about the gathering menace
of atomic attack.
That offer, which caused
CONSERVATION in Moscow where
the Soviets had thought all
along that the peace dove was
safely Gagged in the Kremlin,
was the first great stride for
ward for American propa-
ganda in the cold war.
1t was supplemented more re-
Gently by the American sug-
gestion that present military
stockpiles of atomic weapons
be frozen at their present
levels. While the latter plan
would give the United States
an obvious advantage over the
Reds inasmuch as we have
busily been stockpiling for a
much longer period than they,
that fact did not materially
lessen the psychological ad-
vantages of the offer.
Few close observers, indeed
few practical men in or out Of
Government, really expect any
genuine progress toward effec-
tive disarmament IN the fore
seeable future.
The world situation in this
respect is much less favorable
to disarmament today than it
was in the mid-20s, when the
League of Nations and various
international bodies and COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-30
Designing Prize Won
IBY Fort Myer Womun

First prize Of a $500 United
States savings bond was won
by Mrs. Maria Louisa Sandifer
for her entry ins a national de-
signing contest, the National
Art School announced today.
Mrs. Sandifer, 303 South Area,
Fort Myer. Va, student at
the school, took the prize with
a shirt design in the mems and
boys sport shirt division.
The contest is sponsored by
a knitting mills company to en-
courage student designers. Last
year, Mrs. Sandifer got into
the prize-Winning class with a
$25 honorable mention.