davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-24
Maryland Unit
To Reject Shift
In Island zoninu

Rezoning of a 400-acre Po-
tomac River island tract just off
Loudoun County. Va, today is
headed for rejection by authori-
ties in Maryland.
Final action will come Tues
day, but it already has been
determined by the Montgomery
County Council that the petition
will be turned down.
Petitioners were Thomas
Kelley and J. Hodge Smith,
agents for the Loudoun Dairy
Farms. Inc, which sought re-
classification of the property
from rural-agriculture zoning
(two-acre LOTS to rural resi-
Dental (half-acre LOTS.
Montgomery has jurisdiction
over the island because Mary
land has authority over the
river. The site, known both as
the Isle of Eden and Selden Isle,
is between Seneca and Whites
Ferry.
A hearing on the petition was
held in Rockville July 2. Cole
man c. Gore of Leesburg,
principal stakeholder of the
corporation owning the island,
said he hoped to convert it into
a fishing colony.
Its rezoning was opposed by
the Upper Montgomery County
Planning Commission. Yester-
day the Council disclosed that
it received letter from Herbert
w. Wells of the National Capt.
tai Planning Council, urging that
it consider the possible river pol
luton problem it might create.
The Council yesterday re-
turned final decisions on 10 other
rezoning petitions. -Four were
denied. Those denied included:
Two requests for rezoning from R-d0I
(residentiall to c. or C-l commercially
OF adjoining lots on Perry avenue, Just
east OF Connecticut avenue, kensngIon;
Request of James r. Miller, attorney
for Edward A. and Annie B. Keys, who
sought rezoning from R-60 to CO Of
one ct on Old Georgetown road Bat
terry. Park, opposite the Woodmont TIL
Request Of Leon Foreman for a.
square. foot tract on Seminary road
?. half-block west Of Georgia avenue
Montgomery Hills.
Approved petitions were: Rob-
ert c. Christie, attorney for Pat
rick j. Rhodes R-60 to CO Of
property at the northeast corner
of East lane and Montgomery
lane. Bethesda.
William B. Wheeler, attorney for John
A. CLARK, R-40 10 Rio OF land at the
northeast corner of Sligo avenue and
Carroll lane. Silver Spring
Maryland-National Capital Park and
Planning Commission, R-6O TO R-2Q of
some la,OU0 square feet on Plyers Mill
road, east OF Vaughan street, Kensing-
Eugene J. C, Raney, RICO to c. of
j q acres bounded by the B&O Railroad. |
MONTGOMERY avenue Frederick avenue !
and the proposed extension of Kensins- |
Eda B. Brewer, RICO to CO Ccom-
nercal Office building Of tract on the |
west side of Wisconsin avenue, north of |
Battery lane, Bethesda
James Pugh, attorney Of Bethesday |
Medical Building. Inc, R-80 TO c. Of a |
tract at the southeast corner Of Battery
lane and Woodmont avenue, Bethesda. /
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-24

Everybody's favorife! But.
terry favored mellow cream
fhree-coIor candy corn. an
all-deiry cream MIXTURE! A
must" for Halloween.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-24

Crisp earmeli1ed mixture Of
fresh popcorn and erunehy
peanuts. with a toy" in
each box. A real prize for
every little Halloween imp!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-24

This molasses favored hard
tack is eheek full Of erunehy
peanuts. Have plenty on
hand for trick Or treat"
and for your own pleasure!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-24

Be The hit Of The neiehbor.
hood! Treat The lids with
their fsverite bubble Bubble
gum. 90 pieces 70 . boz.
essy 10 give out!
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-04-27
Church's Roll of Saints
Proves Her Universally

one of the glories of the Catholic Church is
that il has produced saints in every nation, race
tongue age and from every walk OF liie lowest
Ia highest This is in fact manifestation oil the
Churchs Universally, one of the four marks by
which il can be recognized as the True Church
founded by Jesus Christ.
We were struck forcibly by this thought the
other day when eafing through volume of Ihe
Lives of the Saints originally compiled by the
Rev Alban Butler and revised by the Rev. Herbert
Thurston, Sd and Donald Attwatef. Just to
choose one volume from this series for the month
of April and TO select from its many sants--SN 10
~ for every day in the month-only few, we see
that they run the gamut of the human race The
only thing they seem to have in common IN iaeL
il sanctty which is simply another way OF saying
they all loved God with their whole heart and
soul and above everything else
There is, for example st, Benedict the Moor
(April A. who died in 1889. Born in Sicily, he
was the son of African Negro slaves, both plous
Christians Benedict was freed by the owner out
of respect for his parents and grew up known as
the Holy Moor" AT the age of 2l he Joined
small group of religious who lived as auStere her
rnits in imitation OF ST. Francis of Assist, and
became their superior. Later he joined the Frlars
Minor Of the Observance as lay brother and
served AS cook He was chosen guardian of the
monastery in Palermo and ruled wisely and well,
81. Benadlct, canonzed in 1907, is yenerated as
The patron of the Negroes in North America,
Back in the earliest ages of Christianity is 81.
Justin Martyr april Ia who died about l65 AID.
The first great Christian apologSt whose works
have come down TO uS, he was martyfed for the
faith in the reign OF the Emperor Nero. Learned
In the philosophy of Greece, he was converted at
the age of about 80, and devoted his mind and pen
to the defense of the faith
Leaping across the ages, we find another apol-
oEst walking in the footsteps of St Justin Martyr.
He is ST. Peter CanisiuS april 27) born in 1921
In Nymwegen in Holland then German Reich
stsdt in tho Archdiocese Of Cologne. He became
q Jesuit who was successful in fighting the
heresies of Luther in Central Europe that he is
known as the Second Apostle of Germany"
Crossing the English Channel we find such
martyrs as Blessed Alexander RawlinS Henry
Walpole Sd; Edward Oldcorne and Ralph
Ashley. These Enplishmen we're martyrs to the
Protestant Revolt in their own land refusing TO
cut themselves off from the Mystical Body of
Christ
Moving back more across the ages
find Pope ST. Anleetus april III, who was
nartyred in Rome in $50 AD While he was Pope
ne was visited in Rome by the great st. Polycarp
Bishop of Smyrna, who personally had known ST.
John the Evangelist and was his disciple
Then on April IS meet ST. Mark the Evan
geiist, one Of the inspired chronclers Of the
life and teachings Of Our Lord who died in IA
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-04-27
LETTER
Communists Prey on Escapes

munist strategy is more de
ceptive, more subtle, more
complex. harder to combat and
planned on a lOng-term basis.
This is what Deputy Under
secretar, of State Robert Muir
ply told the American Society
of Newspaper Editors here.
The Soviet drive to lure es-
capees back behind the Iron
Curtain has a two-pronged eff
feet First, every redefecting
refugee can provide the basis
for publicity drive in his
own town and the surround
ing area behind the Iron Cur
tain (th.e returnee is held out
as having been sadly disillu-
stoned in the capitalist WesD,
and, second. the Red search for
them instills certain amount
of fear In the hearts OF eScap-
ees living in free countries.
AS for the first fruit the
communists reap from this eff.
fort, the publicity from "diSil-
luSioned' escapeeS coming
home . it is interesting to note
that no one has been able TO
gain any real factual informa-
tion as to what happens to one
who redefects after he returns
behind the Iron Curtain. 1t is
said that he is usually put in
prison for a few months and
this might be to condition
him), then he is released and
permitted to be seen and heard
for propaganda purposes, and
then he is put back in prison
under long, hard sentence.
The International Rescue
Committee, through William J.
Donovan. war time director of
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-04-27
MONSIGNOR HIGGINS
Significant Feast

the churches in giving a relig-
ious tone to the observance of
labor's national holiday.
This tradition of friendly CO.
operation between religion and
labor in the United States-a
tradition that will be strength
ened immeasurably by the
widespread observance of the
new Feast of ST. Joseph the
Workman on Labor Day - is
favorably mentioned in re-
cent doctoral dissertation by
scholarly priest from far-off
Ceylon. The article by Father
j. Kingsley Dalpethado, O.MI.,
entitled THE Doctrine of the
Church about Workman's Non
Confessional or Neutral Trade
Unions, was written at the Gre
gorian University in Rome un-
der the competent direction of
Father Gustav Gundlach, So.
To the best of our knowledge,
{ is is the only full-length
study Of its kind in the English
language.
Neutral Trade Unions
The purpose of the study was
TO determine whether or not
and under what conditions it is
permissible for Catholics to be-
long to so-called neutral" un-
ionS-i.e., unions open to peo-
pie of all faiths and not ex-
plicitly based on Christian So
cial principles. Though of con-
siderable interest and import
ance at the present time in 9th
er parts of the world-notably
in Latin America and in some
mission areas-thiS question is
of only academic interest in
the United States. The Ameri-
can bishops have long since
given their enthusiastic approx
al TO our neutral unions and,
presumably, would be opposed
TO any effort to establish Chris
tian unions in this country.
Father Dalpethado fully un-
derStands and agrees with the
reasons that have prompted the
bishops TO support the cause
of neutral nnioniSm in The
United States. Indeed, his de
Tense of the American Unions
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-04-27

against the charge of being
purely opportunistic and com
pletely devoid o. a sound
philosophy is most encourag-
ing. On the other hand, Father
Dalpethado raises certain ques-
tions about neutral trade UNI
ionlSm which cannot be evad-
ed. In summary, he asks wheth-
er or not and how il will be
possible over the long haul TO
prevent neutral unions from
slipping into philosophy or
policy of materialism or secu-
lariSm.
The Importance of this ques-
tion is highlighted in the Unit
ed States at the present time
by the problem of labor rack
eteers (referred TO in last
weeks column) and by the
problem of racial discrimina-
ton in certain unions. 1t would
be unfair to exaggerate the ex-
tent of these two problems in
the American labor movement.
But II would be dishonest to ig-
more them or to pretend that
they do not exist. I would be
particularly dishonest for the
Catholic social action move
ment in the United States to
look the other way. as il we're,
for fear of embarrassing the
labor movement.
The Catholic social action
movement in this country can
be Justly proud of its record in
the field of organized labor.
It's approach has been consist
emily positive and constructive.
There has been minimum of
carping at union officials and
a minimum of preaching at"
the labor movement from an
ivory tower. In general, the
approach of the Catholic social
action movement has not been
that of the schoolmaster or
stepfather. On the contrary, its
primary purpose has been not
to Scold the labor movement,
which il regards as essentially
sound, but rather to help ii 10
become even better and 10 en-.
courage il continually to lift
its sights to higher goals.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-04-27

AD under the Emperor Nero. On the same day
We honor Blessed Robert Anderton and William
Marsden, two English priests educated at Douai
IN France who returned to their homeland and
were executed in 1886
Drawing closer to our own day we find ST
Benedict Joseph Labre april 49, who died in
1888. Not able to become Cistercian or Carthu-
sion because of his delicate health, he spent his
life in Rome, clothed in rags, begging his. food,
and revered by all for his holiness
Nor is there any lack of women In the calen-
dar of saints, even among the martyrs. There are
for example, St. Theodosia april q. girl of 18
martyred in Palestine in 306; Blessed Margaret
Clitherow april p English housewife who
had been converted from Professionalism and was
martyred in 1886; Blessed Juliana of Cornillon
tApril D. holy Augustinian nun who died in
1853
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-04-27
Our Advocate

continuation of the spirit of Joy occasioned
By the stupendous fact of Christs Resurrection, so
recently commemorated marks the opening of
Sundays Mass; Sing to the Lord a new song"
the Church bids us, because He has done wonder.
full things in the sight of the nations He has
revealed His justice" II was by Christs victory
over sin and death that the justice, as well as
the mercy, of God was made manifest; evil was
put down, and the way was opened for man to
attain eternal happiness.
In this there is cause for rejoicing indeed:
for with Gods justice revealed "in the sight of
the nations should there not be an end of hatred
bitterness, OF mistreatment of the weak by the
strong, OF contentious and wars? All of these
evils stem from refusal to admit Gods dominion
over man and over all his affairs; when God is
excluded, nations do not hesitate to defy His
justice, and thus they bring sorrow and destruc.
ton upon their peoples. If our rejoicing at
Christs Resurrection triumph finds little or no
response in the life of the world-if the dreary
round Of confusion and harshness goes on it
can mean only that the word of Christ is not
heard that His followers arc not so fired by
zeal and faith that their example penerates
the hostility and indifference around them.
Christ foresaw these obstacles TO His mission,
and in Sundays Gospel we hear Him warning
the disciples of what to expect He told them it
was necessary for Him to return to the Father,
for, He said, IF | do not 90, the Advocate VIII
not come to you" 1t is the Holy Spirit He thus
refers 10 as the Advocate, saying and when
He has come He will convict the world of sin, and
Of Justice and of judgment: of sin because they
do mol believe in Me; Of justice because go 10
the Father. and YOU will Me no more; and
Of judgment because the Prince of this world
has already been judged"
Can we doubt that the world has been thus
convicted, when v. see all around us the evi-
dence of its disloyaty to God? Can we doubt
the responsibility that is ours to cherish in our
hearts the message of the Holy Spirit our Ad-
vocate our strength and our guidance? When
He The spirit of truth, has come" Christ con
tinued "He will teach you all truth This is
the truth that shall make us free, even in the
midst Of the world that rejects truth and justice,
and thus turns away from freedom.
And in the Epstle st. James counsels us IN
solemn words concerning this precious heritage.
Every good gift and every perfect gift is from
above" he reminds us, coming down from the
Father of Lights, with Whom there is no chanee
or alteration . Let every man be swift TO near
but SLOW to speak and slow to wrath For me
wrath Of Ian does not work the justice OF COO
With meekness receive the ingrafted word
which is able to save your souls.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-04-27

the Office of Strategic Serv-
ices, has said that zone of the
most incredible aspects of the
redefection campaign has been
the extent of its impact on ref
ugees in this country. To the
escapae from home, America
is synonymous with security.
A visit on a phone call from a
communist agent strikes with
extraordinary shock"
There have been instances
where Red agents caught up
with escapes despite the fact
that they had changed their
names, led secluded lives, and
taken extraordinary precau-
tions to isolate themselves.
These developments focused
attention upon the necessity
for follow-up work among ref
ugees brought to this country.
This is a need that the Nation
al Catholic Resettlement Coun-
Gil, through its diocesan affili-
ations, has appreciated and
done something about. Aside
from normal continuing in
terest, the diocesan represent
ativeS show a special concern
when they hear that any of the
escapes entrusted to their
care has been contacted by a
communist agent. The need of
such emergency action has
cropped up from time to time in
various parts of the country.
In each case, NCRC representa-
tives have got in touch with the
refugee, offered guidance and
encouragement, and have been
uniformly successful in getting
him to ignore the invitations
to return home"
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-04-27
Inquiry Corner
Father Heales

sion when a girl would like TO
drop into Church or Chapel
during the day for a visit and
she happens not to have any
thing at hand she can use for a
headcovering. The law dates
back 20 the earliest days of the
Church and violation of il in
wolves disobedience as we'll as
irreverence.
.. When should ioe stand up,
kneel etc. at Mass
A. For a low Mass the rubrics
seem TO assume that the con-
gregation kneels except at the
Gospel. Custom in the United
States calls for some varia-
tions. although there are many
places which do not stand for
the Credo nor sit during the
Offertory and after the Conn
munion. At sung Mass ii is
the general custom to stand for
the Asperge to sit when
the priest does during the sing
ing of the Gloria and Crego, to
stand for the Collect, the Dom.
inc of the Gloria and Credo, to
and for the Preface. Otherwise
the positions are the same as
those for low Mass. Customs
vary throughout the world az
there is no official directive for
the position of the congregation
during Mass.
Q. w hat is the difference
betUeen curSlnq, SfCedrfnq and
bldSphemg2
A. Cursing is the calling
down 0 some evil upon a per-
son, place or thing 1t is a NOR
tai sin if deliberately willed.
Swearing consists in calling
hOu w WItilCSS tiiC u utH vi
something we are stating. II
is difficult to imagine iusti-
fication for cursing in the or
dinary course of affairs. Swear
ing. as in taking an oath, is
often legitimate and is fitting
ly associated with various civil
and ecclesiastical situations.
There must be a good reason,
however, and we must be tell-
ing the truth. Blasphemy con-
sists of deriSive or defiant adj
dress to God Himself. directly
insulting or challenging the
divine majesty.
Send questions to Father Ed
ward F. Healey, Inquiry Cor
Rer, The Catholic Times. Box
636, Columbus (l6) Ohio.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-04-27

Nevertheless, the views OF
the famed atomic expert, pre-
sented to the Disarmament Sub
Committee of the Senate For
eign Relations Committee in
support of his suggestion, are
worthy of consideration. For
they introduce, for the first
time, the moral aspects of atom
ic warfare and challenge the
assumption upon which the
present race to build large
stockpiles of nuclear weapons
of .ever-increaSing magnitude is
based.
Theoretically there is, as Muir
ray told the subcommittee, no
limit to the size of the bombs
that can be made. Already We
, ard presumably the Russians
have bombs of magnitude for
destroying all mankind" !" Yet
we continue to strive for even
more destructive bombs, hoping
against hope that we can induce
the Russians to agree to outlaw
their use altogether
No Starry-Eyed Pacifist
In Murray's view, the time
has come for us to take the
initiative in putting stop to
making and stockpiling these
frightful instruments of mass
destruction. Their use, he ar
CUES, cannot be squared with
our Christian moral principles.
And if they should not be used,
how. he asks, can they have the
deterrent effect upon a potent
ial aggressor that it is claimed
they have?
These are not, it should be
noted, the views of a starry
eyed pacifist. For Murray is
enough of a realist TO recognize
that nuclear weapons are here
TO stay and that future wars,
if any, probably will involve
their use in one form or an
other.
But this does not mean, he
contends, that future wars need
be about nuclear wars. About
war. in his opinion, is not more
acceptable from the standpoint
of morality than mass murder
or suicide. However, as he told
tie Senators, "a limited nu-
clear war is possibility that
our conscience can face and ac-
eept."
A Nation Under God
I'm a strange way" Murray
maintains, the sheer brilliance
of our technical achievements
with nuclear weapons tends to
dull the moral sense"
Consequently, he points out,
We are prone TO forget that as
nation under God" We are
Obliged to act under the limlta-
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-04-27
WASHINCTON LETTER

WASHINGTON - Refugees
brought TO this country under
Catholic auspices are doing
good Job of thwarting commun-
ist Russias propaganda cam
paign to get them Ito "come
home"
This has been brought TO
light by the considerable in
terest that has been shown
lately in this Red maneuver.
II is freely predicted that the
communists will not cease, but
will actually step up, their eff
forts to get refugees back out
of Western Europe, and espe-
cially out OF the United States.
The communists are said to
be spending vast sums to this
end An official of the Inter-
national Rescue Committee ex.
pressed the belief that they
were spending 100000 per
escapee who redefects. A total
of l,158 escapes redefected in
the l3 months that end with
last January, ii was reported.
This is an average of 80 a
month.
One may wonder why Soviet
Russia would eXpend such a
large effort on such an enter
prise. The success achieved is
only moderate from the view
point of numbers, authorities
contend, but the maneuper is
useful as part of large prop
aganda campaign.
incidentally, first public dis
cuSSion by a top US. official
of what has lately been taking
place in Russia warns that
Soviet policy is no less hostile
towards the West, but com
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-04-27

Q. what were the Dark
Ages? What ,oas the part play
cd by the Catholic Church in
them?
A. When the term is used it
usually refers to the period be-
tween the fall of the Roman
Empire in the West t476 ADJ
and the leventh century
tsbout 1000 ADJ As recent
historical commentary stated,
however, the darkness was not
so much in the period as in the
minds of those who considered
1T. and 'tthe term was first linn
tied to an earlier part of the
Middle Ages and then general
ly discarded" In spite of the
corruption of the Roman En-
pire from within, the barbarian
lnyaslons from northern Eu-
rope and from Islam, the power
full opposition of heretics such
as the Arians and the Eastern
Schismatics the Catholic Church
grew in power and influence
during this earlier period of the
Middle Ages. While only the
most old-fashioned follower of
partisan propaganda believes
that the Church caused the rel
ative darkness" of the period
we cannot deny that the times
were troubled and lacked many
marks of civilization. Many of
the barbarian converts to the
Church were slow to adopt
a Christian and civilized way of
life, but it was this period
which saw the great work of
saints like St. Martin, St. Pat
rick, st. Boniface and the mag
nificent contributions of the
Benedlctlne monasterles.
@. Is 1t a sin for girl to go
into Church Without hdUing
her head covered?
A. Church law states Canon
No. 1862 that men should as
sist at divine services, either
in church or outside of it, with
uncovered heads, unless the APP
proved customs of the people
or peculiar circumstance de-
mand the contrary; women
should assist in modest dress
and with heads covered. espec-
tally when they approach the
Table of the Lord If a Catho-
lie were to violate this law of
the Church deliberately il
would be sinful. There might
be exceptions such as an occa-