davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1956-12-04

here for at least five years with
out seeking assistance.
In 1852 study. the Welfare
Department reached the con-
clusion that figures relating to
the place of birth and migration
OF mothers and children sup
port the belief that few if any
families. either white or Negro.
move into the District for the
purpose Of obtaining public as
sistance."
This study. which concerned
exclusively children in need,
showed that 35 per cent of the
white mothers receiving aid to
dependent children were born in
the District and 81 per cent of
The Negro mothers.
Fewer than 2 per cent Of the
mothers however. had lived in
the District for less than three
years at the time of the 1852
study and all but 6.6 per cent
had lived here at least five years.
The total receiving assistance
in their first five years in the
District amounted to 1876 per
cent. The remaining 80.4 per
cent had either been born here
or had lived here more than five
years without public assistance.
AS for the children, 86 per
cent of the white children and
80 per cent of the Negro children
receiving public assistance were
born in the District.
Ratio Altered
The birth rate of the Negro
children and the migration of
white families to the suburbs
have combined to alter the ratio
of white and Negro children on
relief in the past decade.
In mid-1945. aid to dependent
children-both white and Negro
was at a low point. Fathers in
See RELIEF, Page A-l0
Evening star., 1956-12-04
3 High Russians
in Hungary

LONDON, Dec. 4 R.--A con-
fidential report to Western dip
lomats from Moscow speculates
that Georgi Malenkov. Mikail
Suslov and Gen. Ivan Serov may
be in Budapest helping to crush
the Hungarian rebellion.
Mr.. Malenkov was last seen at
a public affair in Moscow No
vember 8. The ex-Premier has
not been among high Kremlin
figures attending various diplo-
matte functions.
Mr.. Suslov. second to Niklta
Khrushchev in the Communist
Party hierarchy, was last seen in
public November Q, while Gen.
Seroy, secret police chief. hasn't
been seen in the Soviet capital
since October 10.
The report did not preclude
the possibility that the trio may
be In the Soviet Union although
not in Moscow, or at least not
showing up at public functions.
Evening star., 1956-12-04

matically if the United States
agrees, Mr.. Macmillan said.
The two waivers, if granted,
would mean a saving to Britain
of $l04 million.
However. payments will be
made on redemption on the loans,
$50 million to the United States,
and $1512 million to Canada.
Interest is due in the amounts
of $81 100000 to the United
States and $22, 200, 900 to Canada.
Other Measures Planned
Other measures announced in
the battle to save the pound:
Britain is applying to the In
ternational Monetary Fund for
permission to buy up 1925 mil
lion in the next IL months. Britt
ain has the right to buy these
dollars with sterling.
The customs duty on gasoline
and other light oils will be in
creased by one shilling "a
cents a gallon.
Britain will not hesitate to sell
some of its last-ditch dollar
securities, which Mr.. Macmillan
See DOLLAR, Page AS
Evening star., 1956-12-04
Were Trying
To Honor
Their Dead
BY ENDRE MARION
Associated Press Foreign Correspondent


BUDAPEST, Dec. 4 (R.-Rus-
sian soldiers opened fire in
Heroes Square today when
thousands of women pressed
forward to lay wreaths on the
tomb of Hungary's Unknown
Soldier.
A woman was hit by one of
the several shots fired and was
taken to a hospital. Her condi-
ton was described as not serious.
Eyewitnesses said the shooting
broke out when the women be
came unruly" while trying to
force themselves past Russian
soldiers to lay their flowers on
the tomb-exactly one month
after the Russian military
breakdown on the Hungarian
revolution.
A Russian officer brandished
a pistol, eyewltnesses said, and
the women began to scatter,
running in all directions. Several
shots were fired. The injured
woman was hit in the leg. She
was placed in an ambulance and
driven away.
Thousands Converge
1t was clear to all who watched
that the women were honoring,
mot the dead of 1914-19l8, but
the thousands who fell before
the Russians in the rebellion OF
October and November. particu-
larly on the black Sunday Of
November 4.
The demonstration, announced
only by leaflets handed out on
Budapest streets yesterday,
started at IL am.
Singly, in groups and finally
in hundreds, the women con-
verged on the square with their
bouquets.
At least two dozen Russian
Iarmored cars and scores of Rus
sian soldiers with submachine-
guns were at the square. Their
guns pointed at the women.
The women passed the Soviet
Embassy on former Stain street,
heavily guarded by tanks and
troops. About 800 feet from the
square they ran into the first
Russian roadblock manned by
armored cars and troops.
Women Shout DefiantIy
Russian soldiers, in some cases,
showed the women back. But
the women shouted defiantly 1--WE
are not leaving"
The women. pushing past the
Iroadblock, gathered at the COR
Iners of the square. They pressed
up to within a few feet of the
Imuzzles of Russian guns and
began to sing Hungary's national
anthem.
Their high voices carried over
the square and the old song was
picked UP by women on the OPP
posite side, nearly 1000 feet
away.
Later, a group began reciting
Ia Hungarian poem by Sander
.Petoefi. written at the time Of
the 1S48 revolution. 1t ends with
See BUDAPEST, Page A-IO
Evening star., 1956-12-04
School at Clinton Closed
After Attack on Minister

CLINTON. Tenn. Dec. 4 up.
The Anderson County School
Board ordered integregation-to torn
Clinton High School closed today
after an attack on a white Bap-
tist minister who accompanied
six Negro students back to
classes.
The Rev. Paul Turner, 33. was
beaten by a group of white men
a few minutes after he escorted
the Negro students into the
school building. He suffered a
bloody nose and facial cuts, but
returned home without hospitali-
zation.
Tension mounted in this East
Tennessee town, where State
troopers and National Guards
men were called out Labor Day
week end to quell mobs which
protested the integration ordered
by a district Federal Court at
Knoxville.
Adding further tension was
today's municipal elections. in
which the integration question
was a major issue.
Closed Indefinitely
Principal d. j. Britain, ir.,
said he closed the school on or
ders of the school board and
that it would remain closed in
definitely.
The six Negro students in
school today were dismissed early
and accompanied home by police
as a precautionary measure. No
further incidents were reported.
The closing of the school came
only one day after the school
board requested Federal aid in
helping enforce the Federal
courts integrstion order, issued
last January 4.
The appeal was sent to At
torney General Brownell in
Washington. No action had been
taken to the time Of today's
school closing.
In Washington, the JUS
tice Department said Mr..
Evening star., 1956-12-04
u. S. Delays Decision
On Hungary Policy

The United States has not
settled on any course OF action
in case Hungary disregards the
United Nations final appeal for
permission 10 send observers.
State Department officials have
decided to- wait until Friday
the deadline set In the draft
resolution--to see what the Hun
garian reaction will be. Then
they expect 70 reappraise the ait-
uation with their allies.
At the moment there ia no
inclination 70 favor any particu-
lar kind Of sanction. economic.
political or military, against the
puppet Hungarian regime.
Evening star., 1956-12-04

Brownell received the Boards
letter today. The department
said it "is being studied.D
Try to Reach Governor
Officials here said they were
trying to reach Gov. Frank
Clement in Nashville to advise
him of the situation, but the
Governors Office said shortly be.
fore noon it had not received any
official word or request for helI
from Clinton.
Before the Governor can act
local officials must advise him
that all efforts at law enforce
ment had broken down. This
action was taken Labor Day week
enc, resulting in the usa OF
troops and Guardsmep.
Seeks Action by Judge
Buford Lewallen, son of Clin-
ton Mayor w. E. Lewallen, and
former Speaker of the Tennessee
House of Representatives, said
he plans to go to Knoxville, 20
miles from here, this afternoon
to ask District Federal Judge
Robert L. Taylor to cite all per-
sons involved in the attack on
the minister.
He said today's disturbances
violated an injunction issued
several weeks ago by Judge Tay-
lor. II was under this injunction
that John Kasper, Washington
ID. c. segregationist. recently
was fined by Judge Taylor for
contempt. Kasper has appealed
the fine.
Police Chief Francis Moore
said he was holding a man listed
as Clyde Cook. IS. for Federal
authorities. He was identified
as the man who attacked Mr.
Turner.
Mr.. Cook, an Anderson County
farmer. told a newsman at City
Jail. Il haven't got anything tc
say until they decide whether
Continued on Page Az, Col.
Evening star., 1956-12-04
Refugee Air|ift
.Okdy Awaited
Presidents Approval
Of Project Needed

A White House decision was
awaited today on an Air Force
plan for a 150-plane airlift to
carry $4,000 Hungarian refugees
from Austria to this country.
President Eisenhower an
lnounced last Saturday that the
United States would raise from
5000 to 21,500 the number OF
refugees to be admitted to this
Iconutry.
Last night the Air Force pro-
Iduced a plan for using four
engine transports from its own
fleet, from the Military Ali
Transport Service, and from pri-
lvate airlines to get most of the
refugees here by Christmas.
Air Force officials estimated
that up to 1000 escapees could be
flown here each day If inmigra-
ton authorities could clear them
that quickly.
Meanwhile, Washington off,
ciais reported that about l,5O(
Hungarian refugees have beer
processed SO far.
The Government is invoking
two laws-the special Refugee
Relief Act, which expires DeceIn.
ber 81, and the parolee section
of the basic immigration anc
Naturalization Act.
officials invoked the section oi
the immigration Act which gives
the Attorney General discretion
to admit aliens temporarily un-
der such conditions as he may
prescribe, providing it is In sn,
national interest to do so Nc
entry visas are issued such aliens
They are classified as PAROLES ir
legal custody of American citi-
zens who come forward to aci
as their sponsors.
The parolee device will be ap-
piled as soon as the 5000 quoCa
of the refugee act is exhausted.
Evening star., 1956-12-04

cOunJrleS-IelI Sz19 million last
month.
The slump brought reserves to
81 ,965, ,000. .000-well below the So
--->----------------
Eden's Prestige SIumps With Suez
Humiliation. Page AS
Ships on Way to Suez to Eyoeuote
Troops. Poge AS
billion mark which most econo-
miSts consider the essential
minimum for the safety of the
pound.
Mr.. Macmillan announced a
series of emergency actions de-
signed to maintain the rate for
the pound sterling at its present
parity" of $3.50.
Canada Would Follow
Gaping the measures was a
formal request to the United
States to waive the interest now
due on its postwar loan to Brit
ain.
Parliament was told President
Eisenhower is putting the British
request for waiver of payment
before Congress.
A Canadian decision to grant
a parallel waiver will follow auto
Evening star., 1956-12-04

GlIu VI WdItlIIl OcpcLluCIlCy Ill
lotments and the addition of a
new group of recipients.
The number of aged in the
District has increased substan-
TALLY, but the expanded Social
Security coverage for the aged
has not yet caught up with all
the older people who will ulti-
mately be able to get along on
Social Security payments.
The child population has in
creased at a time when more
and more fathers have been
ducking their responsibility for
sunporting them.
Like other parts of the coun-
try. the District has been hit by
the decision to include the per-
manently and totally disabled
among relief recipients.
officials Explain
In The Stars survey of relief
costs, welfare officials gave this
explanation of why the relief
load has gone up:
/. People are living longer.
2. A large part of the relief
recipients have had little tradi-
ton of formal marriage arrange
ments which has contributed to
a lessened feeling of family and
financial responsibility on the
part of the father and to an in
ability Of the mother to seek
legal aid in securing support for
herself and her children from
the father"
3. Illness and disabilities
which in former years have gone
unrecognized and untreated have
reached the stage of severity
which can no longer be ignored.
4. The industrial and eco
nomic pattern of the District
consists chiefly of white collar
work. heavy labor and service oc-
cupations without the usual
routinized aSsembly-line type of
industry in which the disabled
can be employed in most metro
politan centers.
Behind all these explanations.
the Welfare Department has
found out in repeated surveys, is
the changing nature Of the Dis
trict's population and most
particularly its child population
These surveys have also deter
mined that the dependent chill
cren are for the most part ma
tives of the District and that
the majority Of the mothers were
either born here or had lived
Evening star., 1956-12-04
Atomic Check
Due in BROOKLYN
Pier Fire-bIast
10 Persons Killed
And 247 Injured;
Loss $40 Million

NEW YORK. Dec. A (R)--Fire
Commissioner Edward F. Cava-
nagh, jr., today asked the Army
to check whether there may
have been any atomic materials
on the Brooklyn pier which
caught fire and exploded yes
terday, killing 10 persons and
injuring 247.
The death toll meanwhile in
creased to 10 when Charles
Tierney, an 8-year-old boy who
had been watching the fire.
fghting efforts as the blast oc-
CURED, died of injuries at a
hospital.
AS firemen continued efforts
to quench the smoking runs, Mr..
Cavanagh told newsmen he had
asked the Army to send experts
with geiger counters, which
could detect any atomic ma
terialS in the debris.
1t was understood that con-
siderable material was on the
pier at the time for shipment to
the West Coast, but its nature
was not Immediately learned.
City Shaken for Miles
Police, fire department Off
eials and the Brooklyn district
attorneys Office launched full
scale Investigations of the dis
astrous blast, which shook the
city for miles around and caused
damages estimated at $40 mil
lion.
City sanitation trucks carted
away an estimated 1900 barrels
Of broken glass and other debris
from the area hardest hit a
rectangle roughly 2 miles long
and a quarter-mile wide. Thou
sands of windows were shat
tered.
Sanitation officials said clean
UP men began this task as soon
as possible yesterday because
children had begun to play with
dangerous Slivers of glass and
other materials picked up in the
streets.
A dock worker said the fire
started about 3:15 pm. in a
pile of foam rubber on the big
pier-No. 37-of the Lucken-
bach Steamship Co. At 1900
feet it was the longest single
decked pier along New York's
$50 miles of waterfront. It was
on Gowanus Bay in Southwest
Brooklyn.
Spreads Toward Cargo
Minute by minute the flames
ate toward a mountain of ex-
plosive cargo-paint, lacquer,
rubber cement, chemicals and
fuels.
A fuse was burning toward
disaster. But firemen, dock
workers. sclloolboys and other
spectators rushed to the scene
unaware of the impending
peril.
In an instant a sheet of flame
shot skyward. The blast ripped
off the pier sheds metal and
glass roof and showered the area
with a deadly hail of fragments.
The shock radiated 35 miles
Continued on Page A-3, Col. l
Evening star., 1956-12-04

70 Warrington for reassieumcnt.
His new post vas not disclosed
Immediately.
Mr.. Hagerty said Mr. Mac
Arthur expects 70 90 70 Japan
in February A foreign service
officer since 1853. Mr.. Mac
Arthur. A.. was interned IN Ger
many By the Hazis IN 1924
He was serving on the American
Embassy star al vichy. France
when tne allies landed In North
Africa.
Before becoming counsellor Oi
Continued on Page A-1o. Col.
Evening star., 1956-12-04
SANTA CLAUS STORY
BEGINS TODAY

THE CHRISTMAS STORY Of "son,s
ond the Secret Room" stohs todoy.
This ysors adventure finds little
boy piftsd ogoisst q wicked soresrer
with Sonia cIovse himself os ths
prize. Pess Alb.
sAsY's HEARTS ss, first coll sa
the oiieafioas Of hson surgeons Be.
eosss inbora hsor, detects con be
cured ord the surgery vssolIy msoss
life saved. See the sseoad ol fire
onieIes On hssh ssrsey On The Fec.
tsss Poss, A.76
Evening star., 1956-12-04
New Honduron Envoy

TEGUCIGALPA, Hon d uras,
Dec. 4 P).-The military gov
ernment last night appointed
Liberal Party Leader Ramon
Villeda Morales as Honduran
Ambassador to WASHINGTON.
Evening star., 1956-12-04
City's Population Shifts
Double Cost of Relief
Changes in Ages and RuciuI Phases
Are Greater Factors Than Growth
By MIRIAM OTTENBERG

The change in population rather than any increase has
accounted for doubling the Districts relief in the past
decade
This population change involves the of the Districts
population we'll its racial characteristics
Compcatng factors the postwar breakup of homes the
Evening star., 1956-12-04
Reds Fire on Women
In Budapest Square
British Ask U.S.. to Waive
Interest Due This Month
Shurp Slump in Reserves Jeopurdizes
Pound, MucmiIIun Tells Commons

LONDON, Dec tF9.-A sharp slump in gold and dollar
reserves jeopardzng the value of the pound disclosed
today in British appeal to the United States and Canada
to waive interest postwar dollar loans this MONTH
Chancellor of the Exchequer Macmillan told the House
of Commons the reserves-Shared by all sterling area
Evening star., 1956-12-04
Guide for Reoders

bmossm'b b-l4-iS Ed,iosiol A.i6
Bssisets ord ssoisse Pegs AIS
FinsHee A.z4-7s Losi. Fssss l-3
ciossibsd cs.lz obavsy =. Al
csmiSs ~ Ro6is. TV All
Crossword Nd SPORTS ---.c-i.S
Edfonsl Wsmea'f
AFsiciss All Section ..1-i.s
Hove The Sior Delivered TO Your
Home Daily and Svndoy
Dial STeling 5000
Evening star., 1956-12-04

A number Of nations in Latin
America. where governments
|change frequently. we're re-
ported dubious about turning
down a delegations credentials
because delegates don't like the
regime It represents.
The Russians appeared to be
more bitter over the custer sug-
gestion than any other phase OF
the Hungarian dispute.
Evening star., 1956-12-04
WEATHER FORECAST

Bright and sunny this afternoon. high So.
Fair tonight. low 40. Fair, probably not as
mild tomorrow. Full report on Page A-2.)
Temperatures Today
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06

And Tallulah Bankhead paid us
visit. 1 think it's enough to say that
Tallulah was Tallulah.
AS 1 look back, I can think of one
instance that seems to illustrate the
way lot of the hoSteSSeS felt about
the canteen, though it was probably
the most foolish thing I've ever done
and could have gotten me into serious
trouble. Shortly before the canteen
closed for good, l came down with
a bad case of grippe and took the day
off from my job in bank. went to
bed running high temperature and
felt SO miserable that l didn't care
if I ever returned to work
This lasted until nightfall, when l
suddenly remembered that was sup
posed to be on duty at the canteen.
There was a short battle at home
about my going. which l won. I must
have made wonderful, shifting COM
pany for some very puzzled service
men that night had also reckoned
without fate
In the middle of fast dance piece,
I turned to find my boss, bank Off
cial, staring at me in establishment,
unable to believe what he saw. On
this, of all nights, he had volun-
teered his services as a canteen bus
boy
why, thought you were sick!"
he said.
Il am not0," gulped. He must
have understood, though, because I
kept my job.
There was a mammoth victory cele-
bration when the war ended WAVES
and WACs were admitted to the
canteen, and the hostesses had COM
petition for the first time!
Even though attendance had in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06
Del Ankers Photos

true feeling than on the final night in
the canteen's history, late in January,
l946. Gen. Eisenhower and Admiral
Nimitz came to tell us go6d-by. In
a little more than three years. 2 mil
lion servicemen had been guests at
the canteen. Many of them did not
return from the war.
That's why I'll remember my years
there on this We Day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06

creased, I think we all knew that the
canteen would close. Its work was
done. When the announcement finally
came, six hostesses banded together
and carried a campaign to the news
papers to keep it open. But they
failed.
1 don't think I've ever heard Irving
Berlin's song, II Left My Heart at the
Stage Door Canteen," sung with more
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06

LONG DISTANCE rates are
lower all day today and every
night after 6 o'clock.
Some typical examples from
WASHINGTON, DC, to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06

These are the Station-to-Station
rates for the first three minutes. all
day Sunday and every night after 6
O'Clock. They do not include the
lO1s federal excise tax.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-25

moved up to about % per cent
SO far in the second quarter.
The company's profits for the
second and third quarters of this
year, Mr.. Ford said, will be at
substantially lower levels" than
in the same periods of last year. .
Many stockholders, Mr.. Ford
said. had written him to ask
why the stock first offered to
the public at $64.5O a share, had
stopped to price as low as
$54.38.
THE Ford Motor Co." he said,
did not sell the stock; the seller
was the Ford Foundation. Ford
Motor Co. did not determine the
offering price: it was determined
Through negotiations between
the Foundation and the under
writer's" He emphasized all the
proceeds of the sale went to
the foundation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-25
Ford Sees Fine Outlook
After Low SO Profits

DETROIT. May Is (Pl.-New
stockholders of the Ford Motor
Co. yesterday heard Henry Ford
II say retail sales will be down
and profits substantially lower
this year, but prospects for the
long term are particularly
bright"
Mr.. Ford delivered the mes
sage to some 2,1O4 shareholders.
part of the approximately 3d.
900 who bought Ford stock last
January when the Ford Founda-
ton placed 10 million shares of
its holdings on public sale.
Mr.. Ford predicted new car
sales this year will total less than
6 million against last years IA
million. He did not forecast the
Ford share of this total, but said
the company got 26.6 per cent of
the industry market in this
years first quarter and has
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-25
Area Store Sales Rise
3 Per Cent From Year Ago

Department store sales in the
Washington metropolitan area
last week were unchanged from
the previous week. but 8 per cent
above the like 1855 week, the
Federal Reserve Bank reported.
Sales in four weeks ended last
Saturday were 6 per cent above
year ago and for the year to
date were up per cent.
Excluding suburban branches,
department store sales of down.
town department stores alone
were up per cent from the pre-
vious week and Just even with a
year earlier. Sales in four weeks
were off 2 per cent and those for
the year to date were down 3
per cent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-25

1t reflects the genuine earned savings-care-
fully calculated over full years operation
made possible by the most efficient method of
milk distribution ever devised. Our policy is to
pass every possible saving along to the con-
sumner, so that you can enjoy to the fullest the
basic economies of the Gallon jug Plan. Join
the swing to Highs jug Milk today and save!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-25
1907 PURE
ORANGE JUICE

Not frozen not a
concentrate all fresh
orange juice. The juice
OF Is Florida oranges
in every quart.