davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-09

gomery city Commission and the
! boycott-plagued bus company
were turned down fatty by Me-
groes at meeting called TO con-
slider the compromise proposal.
The Rev. Ralph ID. Alternately.
chairman 81 the negotiating
committee, gave tho vote n
gainst accepting the proposal IA
S,80s 10 2.
The compromise plan called for
reservation Of the front 10 seats
Of each bus for whites and the
rear 10 for Negroes. and the re-
manning seats in the middle see
ton on first come. first served
| basis.
In a prepared statement follow
ing the meeting, Rev. Alternately
said Negroes would gain practical
~ no concession under the com
promise proposal and would
have TO return 10 the buses with
increased rates besides" tBus
fares have been raised from 10
cents 10 rs cents since the boycott
| started
We have walked for II weeks
in the cold and rain" the Negro
minister said. Now the weather
Ii warming up. Therefore, we will
walk on until some better propo-
sails are forthcoming from our city
! fathers"
Rev. Alternately said ''the pro-
test IL still on. amp approximate
~ $4,000 Negroes have stated
that they win continue to walk"
Since the boycott began In early
December an estimated 1906 per
cent OF the Negroes who normally
used the buses for transportation
have refused 10 ride them. Some
have used taxicabs TO get 10 work
and others have depended on a
highly organized car pool operat-
ing with military precision,
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-09
Ask Expulsion
Of Sen. Easslond
For Misconduct

Washington. u. c. -- The Ma.
tional Association for the Nd.
vancement Of Colored People to-
day asked for the expulsion OF
Sen James O Eastlsnd %, Miss }
from the u. s Senate on grounds
Of misconduct"
The NAACP's action was taken
In the form Of letter sent last
week To Sen Theodore r Green,
chairman OF the Senate committee
on rules and administration Cop
les of the letter signrd by NAACP
Washington Bureau Director
Clarence Mitchell. were sent 10 the
other members OF the rules COM
mittee.
Cited in the letter as cause FOR
Sen. Eastlsnd's expulsion from he
Senate were his public declaratto on
that he had violated the law while
a Senator, and HIS public speeches
urging others To break the law.
On the first point, the NAACP
letter quotes speech by Sen,
Eastland In Forrest, Miss. on
June 20. 1884, In which he bcas, Ell
ot breaking the law while serving
"a chairman 81 the Senate civil
rights subcommittee.
You know the Law says the
committee tcivil rights commit.
tee has got 10 meet once a week. e
Sen. Eastlanh Is quoted as saving
in his 1884 speech, why. for he
three years I was chairman, that
committee didn't hold a meeting
didn't permit them to meet Ny
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-09

AN IMPRESSIVE NEW ADDITION TO LENTEN MENUS is this
delicious and attractive cnteecomprscd OF cpcoatCd Cur
ried Fish ringed with Parsed Rice and Peashsts
q thrccway whole nSh are
dipped in milk and crushed Corn Flakes
Of kclloggs carefully taste tested 5Oh Recipes
CURRIED FISH WITH PARsLIED RICE AND PEAS
Fish Ellets Curry sauce
~ pounds Ash hletS z taN,r.poouS butter oE
cups keoGgs Corn Flakes margarine
I tablespoon salt a cup minced or,or.
~ s"~ =, tablespoons -four
- ~ " v teaspoon sugar
SsksAo.e MmkA- ~ teaspoon ginger
cups drained cooked peas milk
cups seasoned cooked rice I teaspoon lemon juice
u cup chopped parsley teaspoons curry powder
Cut Ash serving allowing pound for
ing Crush Corn Flakes crumbs Combine and
Dip fish sailed milk then into crumbs well oiled
baking sheet Sprinkle with oil Bake in extremely hot
$500 ~ about IL minutes
Melt butter small add onions and cook until
tender but not brown Stir -four powder
ginger Add milk slowly, stirring constantly continue cooking
over low heat until mixture thckCns stirring occasionally Stir
in lemon juice Just before serving
Place Of a serving plate platter
Combine and parsley and place around mi
dish Yield servings tANSl
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-09

their full names on another.
They are charged with violating
Alabama's anti.boyeott law which
provides n maximum penalty OF
six months In Jail and 81 900 fine
The circuit court grand jury oi
one Negro and IT white men re,
turned the indictments after ar
eight.day investigation. There wa
no way to tell how E. r. Sinclair
head waiter at the Montgomery
Country Club and the lone Negro
on the jury. voted on the indiet.
ments, Editors Note; We can
guess how he voted knowing head
walters at private ciuba..)
The grand jury report warned
that violence In inevitable" in
Montgomery, ~ We continue on
our present course Of race rela-
tlona."
The report said ths attack On
M0ntEous.ry'S segregation laws
by the NAACP In primarily re-
sponsibic for the current racial
unrest In Montgomery.
''Distrust. dislike ana hatred are
being taught in u community
which for more than "A generation
has enjoyed exemplary race Fela
lions, the report declared
The grand jury added that we
intend TO maintain" segregation In
schools, public transportation and
elsewhere.
The boycott began Dec o, as
a protest against the arrest Of
Mrs, Rosa Parks. n Negro seam.
stress, who had refused To move
To the rear Of the bus She was
fined Sit after Circuit Judge Eu-
gene Carter, who ordered the
grand Iusy investigation. turned
down her appeal from the previous
conviction In city court
Mrs. Parks appealed Judge Car
ter'a decision 10 the state supreme
court and was arrested on a boy
cotting indictment last week with
other Negro leaders.
First to be indicted by the grand
Jury was Fred u, Gray, ~, attor.
ney, who Il charged with unlaw.
fui practice because Of aegrcga.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-09

1 friends. they said broke the law
when I did II. but I had to pro-
tect the interests Of the people Of
Mississippi"
Carried Bills With Him
Further along In the same
speech. Sen. Eastland is quoted In
the letter as saying:
Il was afraid that they'd call a
special session Of that committee
| fcivii rights AubcommitteeI and
vote the bill behind my back . I
had special pockets put in my
pants and for three years I carried
those bills around In my pockets
everywhere went
tSenate rules specify that
when q bin is reported out Of
committee. the original biil
must be preaented).
The NAAcP letter notes that
in that same speech Senator
Eastiand called for the establish
ment OF a national organization 10
fight the u. 8. Supreme Court"
EassIand Encourages Dixie
Iawiesaneas
Following quotations OF addi-
tional attacks on the Supreme
Court by Sen. Eastland, the let
ter concludes;
The result Of Senator East
lands wild and irresponsible at
tacks on constitutional govern
ment has been the development Of
widespread lawlessness in MiSsis-
sippi which threatens TO enHulf
other states.
1T Ia, therefore. respectfully re-
quested that we be given an OPP
portunity To appear before your
committee TO submit evidence In
support Of the charges stated In
this letter and for the purpose of
urging that Senator Eastland be
expelled from the Senate because
Of his misconduct"
In addition TO the chairman,
Sen. Green, the members of the
Senate committee on rules and ad-
ministration are Senators Carl
Hayden, Thomas Hennings Jr., Al
bert Gore. Mike Mansfield. Will
liam Jenner. Joseph r. Mccarthy.
Kari r Curtis and Frank A. Ben
nett
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-09

friends. they said / broke the law
when did II. but had to pro-
tect the interests Of the people Of
Mississippi.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-09

IN The last II years we IN
America have enjoyed over 95qs
Of full employment. an astounding
degree OF prosperity. and the
highest standard Of living in the
history OF the world. And. along
with all that the highest degree
OF security with which free people
ever was blessed.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-09

To emphasizs their determine
ton, boycott leaders and thous
ands 81 their followers joined ir
a citywide pilgrimage Of walk
ing which began Friday and con.
tinued over last weekend.
The boycotters, protesting seq,
regation In city buses. Stunned
even the use of their private cars
rs they walked 10 and from work
to demonstrate TO those people
who don't have ears and have
walked for the past II weeks. that
wa are willing 10 walk with them. y
An estimated 10000 persons
half ~ whom stood outside
attended y mass meetinR last
Thursday niKht 10 pray for "IuS-
tioe 10 prevail"
Every available seat and almost
every inch 81 standing room WA
Jammed at First Baptist church
where the Negroes had been sum.
moned
The boycotters chorused amen
when first ono clergyman then an
other cautioned them against VIC,
isnce and prayed divine guidance
for those who hate uS,"
The Rev, Martin Luther King
Jr.. pastor Of Dexter Avenue hap.
tist church and one Of tho ~ min.
listers indicted by the grand jury
investigating the boycott. appeal.
81 to the crowd 10 Ahun any form
Of violence.
We must use the weapon oi
love" the 2isyear-oid clergyman
said we must have compassion
and understanding for those who
hate uA, IL many people have been
taught 10 hate. taught from the
cradle, They are not totally TO,
HponalbIs.
The prayer ncciinE was held
on the eve ~ the fret scheduled
court appearance Of those nam-
ed ON the grand jury indlot.
meats.
The total number of defendants
charged with boyootting was first
announced nj 1lb, but the sherlfrs
office said II would be about 90
Some Of the defendants were list.
81 by initials on one writ and by
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-09

who could speak out for a con-
structive attitude are afraid to do
so because their remarks might be
misinterpreted by either side.
He charged that the lack Of
such Spokesman creates a
vacuum into which rush the ped
dlers of hate"
The central issue is not the
rtghting Of certain wrongs OF GER
tain individuals or groups. but
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-09

Credjs
NorIn;
James
prised
and p
Chen
son of
of 1926
years
stitute
cleTnis
ton G
kegee
list fol
pany, I: |
Cosn
Gladys
hosteSs
club OF
3.
Regs
GAZETTE
March
1915
neetin
Webb,
day, M
WEEK
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-09

ton suit he filed In u. 8. Dis
triCt Court to throw out city and
state laws requiring racial scgre-
cation In all public transportation.
The suit was an outgrowth of the
boycott
The attorneys indictment was
based on the statement OF Mrs.
Jeanette Reese, one Of the five Ne
gro women whose names we're
signed 10 the court petition.
Mrs. Reese repeatedly appeared
before Mayor w A. Gayle. a
member Of the local chapter Of the
White Citizens Council. and told
him abe had not known what she
was signing when she affixed her
name Ia the suit.
Gray Immediately contradicted
her statement and said she knew
perfectly well what she was sign
ing"
The lawyer was charged with
Ming the suit In tho woman y
name without her consent, AN Of
Tense punishable In Alabama by
$500 fine and suspension from
practice,
Other prominent Negroes In.
dlcted included u, u, Nixon. for
mcr state president Of the NAACP
and president of the Montgomery
Progressive Democratic AAsocia.
ton, Mrs. 10 Ann Robinson.
teacher at Alabama state College
for Negroes and head of tho Wo-
mems Political Council, and =. NJ,
Blair. known as the unofficial
Negro Mayor OF Montgomery,
Among tho ministers indicted
are
The Rev Martin Luther King.
Jr, pastor OF Dexter Avenue Bap.
tist Church. and spokesman for
Negro boycotters,
Rev Ralph u, Alternately, pas
tor Of First Baptist church, and
one 81 the boycott leaders
Or 3 = Seay OF Montgomery.
executive secretary of the home
missions board OF the AME Zion
churches Of the world
The rev, II. James Claaco, al.
rector of tho Alabama Negro Rap
list Center In Montgomery.
The Rev. Aaron Hoffman, pas
tor OF the shiloh Baptist church
The Rev H. II Hubbard pas
tor Of the Oak street Baptist
church.
The Rev, /. r. nennett, pastor
Of the Mount Zion AME church.
The Rev. W. J, Powell pastor
Of the Old ship Methodist church.
The Rev. A. w. Wilson, pastor
OF the Holt street Baptist church.
where the first Negro mass meet
ing was held at the outset Of the
boycott,
The Rev, Joseph Cherry.
(church unspcclfiedl
Other defendants arrested In
cluded
Walter Smith, Addic James
Hamilton. Thomas Gray. Albert
James. Huestis ], Palmer. Frank
Powell Jr.. Isaiah Ferguson and
slrberia Heard, all Negroes, whose
par, In the boycott wasn't made
known,
All the defendants taken TO the
County Jail and appropriated
were released AZ soon as they put
UP bond OF $500 each
on the eve of the day the grand
ilhy returned the indictments. Ne
gro boycott leaders rejected a
compromlso plan for ending the
protest.
Terms agreed To- by tho Mont
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-09

setting up the kind of social at
mosphere In which these wrongs
will be the exception rather than
the everyday rule" Granger said.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-09

Any Company making money Is
doing so because Of good super
visions Good foremanship means
successful business. Henry
Ford
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-03-09
Bus BOyC0tters Remain
Firm Despite Threat
OF Jail Sentences

Montgomery, Ala (ANP)~- Defeating themselves TO
mass movement Of passive resistance using only the weapon
of love- Montgomery Negro boycott leaders promised this
week that nothing will change in the l2week protest
even though nearly 100 Of them face possible Jail
their part in the boycott thus far
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-17
Mrs. Luce Advised
To Remain in U. S.
For Two Months

NEW YORK. May II [P.-The
physician of Clare Boothe Luce,
Ambassador to Italy, said today
he had advised her mot to re-
turn to her post for about two
months" She returned here last
week from Rome because of i'll
ness.
Emphasizing that Il have AM
bassador Luce's permission to
reply to the inquiries of the
press" DR.. Milton Rosenbluth
issued this statement:
Mrs. Luce is suffering from a
chronic enteritiS which appears
to be related to an infection of
the liver which she had while
abroad. She has as well a mod
crate iron deficiency anemia,
probably due to the same cause.
She received one TRANSMISSION yes
terday and will require others.
Il have advised the Ambassa-
dor not to return to her post for
about two months. At that time
l would anticipate for her COM
plete recovery"
Mrs. Luce entered Doctors Hos
pital Sunday for a diagnostic
study. DR.. RoSenbluth said she
left the hospital last night and
further treatment would continue
at her town house here.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-17
DR.. J.L. Muxton,
U. S. Agricultural
Aide in Rhodesiu

DR.. Jacob L. Maxton, Sc, agri-
cultural officer in Southern Rho
desia, died there yesterday after
an automobile accident, accord
ing to word received by the Ag-
riculture Department.
DR.. MaXton went to Southern
RhodeSia in December as repre-
sentative of the departments
foreign agricultural service. He
had been reporting on agricul-
tural developments in Southern
and Northern Rhodesia, Nyasa-
land and Mozambique in Africa.
A native of Lancaster County,
Pa, DR.. Maxton received his
BIS, MS. and Pho. in farm
management and marketing from
Virginia Polytechnic Institute
Before he became a foreign ag-
ricultural officer, most of his
career was spent as agricultural
economist with the Virginia
Agricultural Extension Service.
A veteran of both World Wars.
DR.. Maxton was in the Marine
Corps from 1916 to 1920 and was
overseas as a lieutenant COM
mander in the Naval Reserve
from 1912 to 1915.
Survivors are his widow, Flora
M, who had planned to join
him in Africa; a son, Milton
Murray Maxton, and a daughter,
Mrs. Flora Alice Maxton Gates,
all of Blacksburg, Va.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-17
Arthur 7. Ogden,
Retired GAO Aide

Arthur T. Ogden, n, retired
General Accounting Office en-
ploye who spent 43 years with
the Government, died yesterday
of a heart attack at his home
8708 Colesville road, Silver
Spring. Md.
Mr.. Ogden was senior auditor
of the contract section when he
retired from the GAO in 1948.
Born near Manchester, Eng
land, Mr.. Ogden came to the
United States when he was about
Is. He worked in a steel mill
in Birmingham, Ala, and
learned auditing and accounting
on the side. In 1906 he came
to Washington and worked fol
the Bureau of Engraving and
Printing. In 1913 he transferred
to the Office of Military and
Navy Pay at GAO.
Mr.. Ogden was a member OF
the Warren G. Harding Ma
sonic Lodge. the Retired Gov
eminent Employees Association
and the Woodside Methodist
Church.
Survivors are his widow, the
former Sophie Basenberg. with
whom he celebrated his golden
wedding anniversary last June;
a daughter. Mrs. Maurice N
Silver Spring. and a grandson
Thompson, 1907 Brisbane street
Services will be held at pm
Saturday at the Warner Pun
Iphrey funeral home, Silver
Spring. Burial will be in Cedar
Hill Cemetery.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-17
Dr.. Leo l. Spears, Figure
In Chiropructic Controversy

DENVER. May II (P.-Dr
Leo L. Spears, 81, a figure OF
controversy in the operation OF
his Spears Chiropractic Hospital
died yesterday after a heart at
tack.
He was the chief figure in sew
eral court suits in which he
sought damages totaling nearly
$36 million.
He never had been awarded a
cent from any of the suits, al
though one is pending before the
Colorado Supreme Court.
DR.. Spears built his hospital
in the early l940s.
When one of his early hos
pital patients died at his in
Stitution, DR.. Spears was charged
with manslaughter. Acquitted,
he sued State and city health
officials for 100000. charging
malicious prosecution. but lost
the suit.
He later brought. and also lost,
a 100000 libel suit against a
Denver doctor. and a $24 million
libel suit against Golfers Maya
zine. An $ll million conspiracy
suit he brought against the Dem
yer Post has been carried to the
Colorado Supreme Court.
DR.. Spears lost the suit in Dis
trict Court last year.
DR.. Spears was born February
!. 1894, at Ivan, Fla, served
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-17
50, Dies
After Minor Crash

Mrs. Mildred lines, about so
years old, colored, sol D street
Sc. died early today after a
minor auto collision. The wom-
an said she was not injured, but
then began coughing violently
and was dead on arrival at Cas-
ualty Hospital.
Police said she was a passen-
ger in the car driven by William
Jones. So, colored, of the same
address. He was charged with
failure to yield the right of way.
The cars collided at Sixth street
and Constitution avenue NE,
The other driver was John w.
Parrott, SO. of 1911 Powhatan
street, Falls Church.
A woman who lived with Mrs.
lines said the victim was subject
to coughing spells.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-17
Arthur Abernethy,
CoIumnist, Critic

vALDESE, N. c., May II P.-
Arthur Talmadge Abernethy, 80
former newspaper columnist,
feature writer and drama critic,
died at a hospital here Tuesday
night. He lived in nearby Ruther-
ford College, named for the
institution his father, Robert l.
Abernethy, founded.
Mr.. Abernethy had served as a
columnist for the Charlotte
Observer, Pittsburgh Post, Phila-
delphia Record, Milwaukee Sen
tinel and as a feature writer and
drama critic for the New York
Herald Tribune.
He received his bachelor of
arts degree from Rutherford
College. a masters degree from
Trinity College (now. Duke Uni
versity) and his doctorate OF
philosophy from Johns Hopkins
University of Baltimore.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-17

briefly with the United States
Army in World War II. He was
graduated from the D. D. Palmer
Chiropractic College at Daven.
port, Iowa, in 1921.
He was married twice. His
first wife, whom he married
in Florida, divorced his shortly
after he came to Denver in the
early l920s In 1884 he was mar
ried to the former Laura Lyle,
who divorced him in 1852.
DR.. Spears is survived by a
brother, Daniel C. Spears, of
Crawfordville, Fla; three sisters.
Mrs. Daisy Ivey and Mrs. Leva
Meier, both Of Denver, and Mrs.
Audrey Grant of Tallahassee.
Fla, and two nephews, Dr.
Daniel Spears and DR.. Howard
Spears, who have been associ-
ated with him in the hospital
and clinic.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-17
Central School
For Whites Urged
In Fuuquier Report

WARRENTON, May II (Spe-
ciaD. A consolidated high
school for white students in
Fauquier County, to be located
at or near Warrenton, has been
recommended in report made
by Survey Committee APP
pointed by DR.. Dowell ]. Howard,
State superintendent of public
education.
The report also suggests the
building of three elementary
schools for Negro pupils.
One of the school report high
lights is a transportation fore
cast that only ITS of 848 white
high school pupils would travel
more than one hour per day
to and from school.
The consolidated high school
would offer n classroom units
compared to from 80 to ~ that
are now offered in five county
high schools.
There are now 10 Negro ele-
mentary schools in the county.
The report recommends four
Negro centers to be located near
Marshall. Hume, Warrenton and
Midland.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-17
Il. A. Rossmon, IS,
Minnesota Editor

GRAND RAPIDS. Mimi, May
II (R.-L. A. Rossman, IS, one
of MinneSota's best known weekly
newspaper editors. died last night
at Rochester after an operation.
He had been in i'll health for
several months.
Mr.. RoSsman became owner of
the Grand Rapids Herald RE
view in 1914 after his graduation
from Carleton College and built
it into one of the States leading
community papers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-17
Clinton Buckingham, 81,
Early Photographer, Dies

Clinton o. Buckingham, 81,
longtime Washington photogra-
pher who was one of the first to
make and sell hand-oil colored
Photographic prints of the famed
cherry blossoms, died yesterday
at his home, 16 T street NE.
Mr.. Buckingham became in
terested in photography in the
1905 and he watched that pro-
fession grow from the old glass
plate days to the present high
speed films. He had old plati-
mum prints that had not faded
during the years.
Mr.. Buckingham operated a
studio in his home for many
years before he established the
C. o. Buckingham Co. in 1917
in the TOO block of Tenth street
NV. Among his possessions are
pictures he took of McKinley's
Inauguration, the st. Louis
Worlds Fair, the Baltimore fire
of 1905 and other events of by
gone days. Mr.. Buckingham used
to make engagements in the
basement of his home, using old
portable gas mantle lamps and
lcondensing the light through a
large fishbowl of water.
He was active in the old
Washington Camera Club in the
early part of the century. He
won prizes and ribbons for some
of mis- early Photographic work.
Took Historical Pictures
Mr.. Buckingham took a series
of pictures entitled. "Bucking-
ham Prints Of Historic WASH
lington." One of the outstand-
ing of these was 1.-THE Capitol at
Midnight" taken in 1917 during
the time President Wilson signed
the declaration of war on Ger
many.
In the early days of his bust
ness, Mr.. Buckingham main
tanned his portrait studio at his
home, but in later years he moved
to larger quarters in the 800 block
OF Thirteenth street NV, where
he included a studio, framing
and copying departments in adj
dition to selling his Washington
views and regular commercial
photography. He later moved
his business to it's present To-
cation in the 1900 block of New
York avenue NV, where it is
operated by his son, Earle S..
Buckingham. Mr.. Buckingham
retired from active participation
several years ago.
A few years ago he observed
the 50th anniversary of his work
by displaying prints of some
negatives he made around 1900.
A native of Deep River, Conn,
Mr.. buckingham came to Wash
ington when he was Is as an
apprentice in a printing estab-
Ilishment. He was an electrotype
f1niSher. Later he went to
Bridgeport, Conn, as a shop
foreman Returning to Washing