davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1956-08-28
BY SELWA ROOSEVELT

Before Amintore Fanfani,
Secretary General of the Ital-
ian Christian Democratic Party,
left to visit the United States
he was told by various Euro
pean politicians to regard the
American political conventions
as something of a spectacle.
After spending the last two
weeks watching the events in
Chicago and San Francisco,
Signor Fanfani finds our con-
ventionS more than just a good
show.
According to one of his aides,
Signor Fanfani was greatly i'm
pressed by the degree to which
the American people-all of
them-are able to participate
in a convention. This. the aide
added, does not happen in the
congresses of political parties
in Europe which are smaller
and more closed.
Signor Fanfani, who arrived
in Washington Sunday was
guest of honor yesterday at a
party at the Italian embassy
given by the Charge d'affaires.
Egidio Ortona.
Through an interpreter, he
told guests he thought the
United States conventions were
"marvelous-very original and
very interesting"
Although urged by reporters
to say more, Mr.. Fanfani would
not elaborate. One reporter
said he must have been a dip
lomat.
That reminds me of my
trip to England in 1949," he
said. Fifteen days after I
arrived, some British news
papermen at a press confer
ence asked me how / liked
English beer. I answered, It's
good And they said you must
have been a diplomat before" !"
The visitor, perhaps the most
important man on the Italian
political scene, was asked how
he thought the Communists
would fare in the next general
electionS-18 months hence.
Evening star., 1956-08-28
SPEAKING
FQnfQni Sees u. S.
Politics in High Gear

"I'll give you the answer two
days after the election" he
laughed. but added very seri-
ously, II myself have no doubt
that the Communists will lose
ground. l have devoted my
self to fighting against them
and fighting for the cause of
freedom and democracy"
Signor Fanfani, who is af-
fectionately known as 1.-THE
Little Professor" was formerly
a professor of the history of
economics at the University of
Rome. AS head of the largest
party in Italy, Signor Fanfani
was invited to visit the United
States by the Italo- american
society, headed by Ellsworth
Evening star., 1956-08-28

Perrin of Chevy Chase.
The bridegroom's sister. Miss
Gail Perrin. was the maid OF
honor. Miss Gail Hucke, oi
Brooklyn, was another at
tendant. The best man was
the bridegroom's brother, Mr.
James Perrin, of New York
City.
The bride was graduated in
June from Smith College and
is at present employed by The
New Yorker magazine. Mr..
Perrin attended st. Albans
School and is an alumnus of
Phillips Exeter Academy and
Princeton University where he
was a member of Tower Club.
Evening star., 1956-08-28
Oscar Ronds Return

Col. oscar R. Rand, USA
(retired, and Mrs. Rand have
recently returned aboard the
independence from Naples,
after a year in Europe. Most of
their time was spent in Spain.
They are now in their apart
ment at the Woodley Park
Towers.
Evening star., 1956-08-28
Miss Gutmdnn
Married to
Mr.. Perrin

On Saturday evening Miss
Ursula Marie Gutmann was
married to Mr.. Mark Perrin.
The ceremony was performed
by The Rev. Robert D. Hucke
in the home of the brides par
ents.
The bride is the daughter
of DR.. and Mrs. Max Gutmann
of Brooklyn. Mr.. Perrin is
the son of Mr.. and Mrs. Hugh
Evening star., 1956-08-28
Mrs. Busch Visiting

Mrs. Bonnie Busch of Mi
ami. Fla, author and former
Washington resident. has ar
rived here for a two-week stay
at the Shoreham Hotel.
She is accompanied by her
daughter and son-in-law, Mr..
and Mrs. Herman zenker. also
of Miami. and their two chill
dren, Sherry and Michael. Mrs.
Busch is a past president of
the National League of Ameri-
can Pen Women.
Evening star., 1956-08-28
AIumnoe Plan Supper

Alumna Of Alpha Phi Soror-
ity from Northern Virginia
will attend a supper meeting
atI7 pm. September II in the
home of Mrs. w. J. Gross on
Tauxemont road in Alexan-
dria.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-09
SuezCrisis::
Another Try

The Cairo discussions on the
future Of the Suez Canal dragged
on all last week. and by Friday
appeared to be ended with no prog
ress made. But yesterday Australian
Prime Minister Menzies, who heads
the special five-nation delegation.
decided to try again. The delegates
expected to meet with Egyptian
President Nasser again today.
When the parleys began last
Monday the atmosphere was one
OF tentative hopefulness. Col. Mas
scr had plainly rejected the inter
naturalization proposal OF Secre-
tary Of State Dulles. But all in
locations were that he was open to
me sort Of compromise, so long
rs II included recognition Of Egypt's
SO ereignty over the canal
ne delegates found Col. Nasser
e 1e pleasant, polite. imperturb-
2 and lmmoyable. He categori-
cclly rejected any proposal that ex-
pressed or implied any inter-
rational authority over the canal.
But he indicated willingness to
consider fsvorably an Indian plan
which would create an interna-
tional board having only advisory
powers. That plan. supported at
the London conference by India,
1ndonesia. ceylon and the Soviet
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-09

toward him, the city and the weak
defending Army.
UnweIcome Viewer
Artillerymen have always taken
a dim view of anyone who spots
their carefully selected battery
positions. Such hostile observa-
ton is usually a prelude to coun-
terbattery fire and certainly is a
source Of valuable intelligence to
an enemy Of the disposition Of
probing force such as Gen. Johns
tons was.
The battery Prof. Lowe saw was
. part Of the I'd Company Of
the New Orleans Washington Ar
tillery. It was commanded by q
recent cadet Of the United States
Military Academy at West Point.
1t. Thomas L. Rosser, who was
later to wear the wreathed stars
Of q general Of the Confederate
States Army.
On the afternoon Of August 20,
1861, 1t. Rosser was a true artillery
man ready to use his guns to get
rid Of an enemy threat. That his
rified 6-pounder cannon was not
designed for antiaircraft fire did
not cause him to hesitate. He
used what he had. He later wrote
a friend:
I'VE fred at the enemy's balloon
with one Of our rifled guns a few
days since-it was pulled down
Immediately and has not been sent
UP since. Two prisoners taken
the night after. report that the
ball came within 10 feet Of the
thing and frightened the Aeronaut
almost out of his senses"
That 1t. Rosser's novel employ
ment of an artillery piece was not
more successful may be explained
by complaint he made concern
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-09
DISTRICT
Battle Of the Kitchen Window Beqins

her young. This pattern is hardly
applicable to the modern. efficiency,
utility type of apartment. Here
one does not ask What's cooking?'
but rather What's thawing?' /. !.
1t has been estimated that the
five and one-half hours per day
which the average housewife spent
in her kitchen in a private dwelling
in 1881 has been reduced to two
and one-half hours in 1856. If this
is so for private dwellings, how
much less time is surely spent in
the efficiency apartment Of limited
size?"
Only q Pathway
Noting that the proposal up for
hearing concerns only kitchens less
than 100 feet in area, he says:
Normally proportioned this
would be room approximately
by II feet in size. Allowing for
in-and-egress. there must be addi-
tional space for the stove, refrigera-
tor, sink. kitchen cabinets, perhaps
a freezer. automatic washer, the
broom closet, ironing board or
mangle, and similar equipment.
Assuming that these appliances
are an average Of 2 feet wide and
placed along the walls there would
only remain a 4-foot pathway down
the middle Of the area. A kitchen
OF such limited area would hardly
be the center Of family activity"
Mr.. Ilgenfritz reported that the
District Of Columbia Building Code
Advisory Committee, composed Of
architects, builders and professional
engineers, has given much time and
consideration to this proposal. II
Is the recommendation Of this COM
mittee that the District adopt the
proposed policy regarding interior
Kitchens
And, he concluded, 1T is also rec
commended by this department that
the Board Of Commissioners adopt
the policy Of permitting the install
lation Of interior kitchens with
artificial lighting and mechanical
ventilation"
In this contest between the
Health Department and the Depart
ment Of Licenses and Inspections, It
will be interesting 70 see which way
the Commissioners 60.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-09
BY HECTOR MCLEAN

Interested parties have until
Wednesday to get in on one Of the
smaller but most colorful conflicts
of life in the District government.
That's the deadline to file with
Godfrey M. Thornett. secretary of
the Board of Commissioners, a
statement Of intention to testify on
the question of whether modern
kitchens ought to have windows.
A public hearing on the issue will
be held at $3.50 pm. Monday, Sep
TENDER II, before the Commission
erS in the Board room Of the Dis
trict building.
The battle stimulated an earlier
public hearing in 1852 and has pro-
duced some Of the most fervid
prose ever encountered in the Dis
trict building.
Heretofore, most Of it has come
from the Health Department,
whose pro-window spokesman have
raised the flag Of mother love and
the sanctity Of the family hearth.
They have warned that without
windows, today's efficiency kitchen.
cite will become the Stun of tomor-
row 30 or 80 years hence) when
maintenance breaks down and the
ventilating fans cease to blow.
Builders, on the other hand.
argued that big family kitchens
with windows opening on the world
are out Of place in modern elevator
apartment buildings occupied prin-
cipally by unmarried Government
workers or childless couples.
Compromise Was Temporary
The compromise hit upon at the
time Of the earlier hearing BY the
Commissioners was TO approve in
terror kitcbenettes provided that
they could not be closed of from
the apartments flow Of air.
Now the builders are back again
with drive to let them build in
terror kitchens inside the apart
ment. away from any walls in
which windows could be placed
which can be closed Of from the
other rooms.
They will have on their side 4
piece Of prose as fervid IS any from
the Health Department. II comes
from J. J. ngenfritz. deputy d.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-09
VIRGINIA
BY ALEX H. PRESTON
star stan Correspondent

RICHMOND.--In q spirit Of de-
fiance of the Supreme Court, there
are those in the General Assembly
who appear to be willing to see
their Governor put in Jail rather
than submit to the public school
segregation decree.
This isn't said facetiously. 1t
could happen.
A Federal court once restrained
the Governor Of Texas from per-
forming an act contrary to the
United States Constitution.
The attorney general Of Minnie
sofa actually was Jailed for .
similar reason.
Last week administration forces
in the Virginia General Assembly
sponsored legislation to give the
Governor exclusive power to enroll
and assign all Of the States three
quarter Of million school children.
The object: To maintain segre-
gated schools.
The theory: That the State can
not be sued without giving It's con-
sent,
Virginia's lawmakers already were
on record in support of the doctrine
of interposition. Last March they
approved a resolution designed to
'interpose" the sovereign powers
Of the State between those Of the
Federal Government and the local
school boards.
Brave Words Are Heard
With Confederate flags waving
from the spectators galleries, there
were many brave sounding words
heard in the hall of the House Of
Delegates during last weeks public
hearings on school segregation bills.
State Senator E. o. McCue, jr.,
Of Charlottesville, was among those
who had a plan of his own to cir
cumvent the Supreme Court.
MY BILL" he shouted, puts life
and blood into that paper interposi-
ton resolution we adopted last
March. I'd be willing to be the first
one--if the Federal boys move IN
if they wanted to put a legislator in
jail. I don't believe they have
the intestinal fortitude to send
troops. to jail legislator or to Jail
the Governor"
Well, maybe so. But let's look at
just two cases from the record.
Back in 1907 Attorney General
Edward T. Young of Minnesota was
enjoined by the United States Cir
cult Court from enforcing a law
enacted by the State Legislature.
The law reduced certain rates for
railroads.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-09
MARYLAND
By GENE GOODWIN

For the second time in two years,
Maryland's slow but steady progress
toward racial indignation Of its
public schools has been marred by
disorder. Both episodes occurred
under the influence of men who can
almost be called professional agi-
tators. :
The first was in Baltimore City,
which started migrating its schools
two years ago, shortly after the
Supreme Court on May II, 1854,
struck down segregated schools as
unconstitutional.
Several brief demonstrations
flared up in South Baltimore as the
first colored children enrolled in
a previously all-white school.
Helping to stir up these demon
STATIONS were Bryant Bowles and
other leaders Of a now-inactive pro-
segregationist group known as the
National Association for the Ad-
vancement of White People.
The agitator's role in the second
episode was played by a 29-year-
old Kensington bachelor, Everette
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-09
VIRGINIA
Does School PIon FIirt
With Jail for Governor?

The Northern Pacific Railroad
had appealed to the Federal Court
on. the grounds that the State law
was confiscatory and violated the
due process clause Of the Eleventh
Amendment to the Federal Consti-
tuition. Mr.. Young commended the
Federal Court was without jurisdic-
ton. He was overruled.
The attorney general then re-
turned to q State court and OBJ
tained an order against the railroad.
The Federal Court held him in
contempt for violating its restrain
ing order and the Supreme Court
upheld the lower tribunal. Mr..
Young was held In custody of a
United States Marshal until he paid
a fine and purged himself Of con-
tempt. 800
The second case involved Cover
nor Ross Sterling Of Texas about
1882.
He Ordered Mcrtiol Law
In that instance, group Of oil
well operators commended q State
law limiting daily production was
In violation Of the Federal due
process clause. The Governor de-
clared martial law in several coun-
ties in which the wells were located
and ordered out the Texas National
Guard to help him enforce the State
law.
A Federal Court, however, ruled
in favor Of the well owners. When
the Governor continued to enforce
the State law with the use Of troops,
a Federal District Court held him,
along with the National Guard COM
mander, in contempt.
The Supreme Court sustained
the lower court. although the rec
ord does not show what penalty,
II any, was exacted.
To those who believe that vir-
ginia's Governor may be immune
from Federal prosecution, the fol-
lowing is quoted from the Supreme
Courts opinion In the Texas case:
THE District Court had juris.
diction. The suit is not against
the State. The applicable prin-
ciple is that where State officials,
purporting to act under State
authority, invade rights secured by
the Federal Constitution, they are
subject TO the process of the Fed
eral Courts in order that the per-
sons injured may have appropri-
ate relief"
Isn't it reasonable to assume that
in view Of the Supreme Courts
public school decision, Federal
courts would regard racial segre-
cation as an invasion of rights Sc
cured by the Federal Constitution?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-09


target floating high over the vir-
ginia countryside. The artillery
men missed, but their target de-
parted In q hurry.
The target. it should be ex-
planned. was not an airplane but q
man-carrying observation balloon
tethered on q cable. However, 1t
might not be stretching the point
too far to assert that this was the
first combat use Of aircraft by the
United States Army, as well as the
first use Of anti-aircraft artillery.
The balloon service, inaugurated
with the personal interest of Presi-
dent Lincoln. was formed soon after
the Civil War started. The Union
Army after its disastrous defeat
July 81. 1861. at Bull Run. had
retreated to the .defenses Of Wash
ington. Rumors were rife that the
Confederate Gen. Joseph E. john
ston was massing for an assault
on the Capital. The big question
was: Where are the rebels"
Seeking an answer Gen. George
B. Mcclellan sent Prof. T. c. S.
Lowe with the balloon 1.-THE Union"
and its crew across the Potomac
into Arlington to take a look. At
Balls Cross Roads Prof. Lowe de-
cided to ascend.
He saw a disturbing sight. Just
two miles away on Munson's Hill.
today a suburban housing develop
ment, was fertilization under con-
struction and Confederate artil-
lery battery in position. The ball
loonist was looking right down the
throat of a hostile cannon pointed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-09
REVIEW OF THE WORLD SCENE

the London talks, would. it is feared,
be in Col. Nassers pocket from
the start.
Mr.. Dulles on Friday met with
the British and French AmbaSsa-
doris to discuss the next move in
the crisis. A new compromise plan
was apparently in the wind. If such
can be worked out, it would have
to be introduced by a nation other
than Britain, France or the United
States. All three have declared
publicly that the Dulles plan now
under discussion in Cairo was as
far as the West was prepared to
go in resolving the issue.
Arab support for Col. Nasser's
stand stiffened meanwhile. The
powerful King Saud Of Saudi Ara
bia was reported ready to cut of
the entire supply Of Saudi Arabian
oil to the West If Britain and
France attempt to use force in the
Egyptian crisis. Since Europes
supply of oil is the most important
factor in the Vests discontinue
over the Suez naturalization the
threat Of such action by King Saud
could be powerful deterrent to
punitive steps.
In view of the vigorous efforts in
Washington to head of any shoo.-
ing in Egypt. the mounting OPPOSE
ton to military force in Britain,
and the persistent and optimistic
attempts of neutral India to effect
some compromise. the general feel
ing prevailed that negotiations
would 60 on and some solution
eventually found. There continues
to be a very obvious desire on both
sides to avoid war; what seems
needed now Is a formula for run
ming the canal and saving the pres
tige Of all concerned at the same
time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-09
Only Two Disorders Mar
Progress Of Integrotion

Severe. Until q few days ago Mr..
,Severe's chief contribution TO the
segregationist cause seems to have
been his letters to the, editor as
treasurer Of the Montgomery County
Chapter Of the Maryland Petition
Committee.
Last week. though, he emerged
as the villain or hero-depending
on your passions-of the parents
protest against transfer Of IA Negro
pupils to the Poolesville School. He
also found time to address gather
ings Of rabid segregationists in
Charlottesville. Va. and Wayson's
Corner, Md.
Suspended From Job
His activities brought him a sus-
pension from his program directors
job at Radio Station WRC and q
rebuke from Robert l.. Wiseman,
Baltimore mechanic and state
chairman Of the petition committee,
who doesn't approve Of Mr.. Severe's
public advocacy Of school strikes.
Also injecting itself into the
Maryland picture last week was the
Seaboard Citizens Councils Of
Washington, D. c., whose founder
and leader, John Kasper, recently
was jailed for melting the Clinton
(Tenn.) racial disturbances.
Until last week-except for the
brief fiurries two years ago in Bal
timore Maryland segregationists
have. for the most part, used peace
full and legal means in their vain
battle against integrated class
rooms.
But Mr.. Severe and the Seaboard
leaders talked freely last week of
strikes and picket lines and they
said violence isn't good, but its
better than indignation.
The other night at Wayson's Cor
ner, group Of segregationists
cheered loudly when one Of their
leaders denounced the American
flag as having been "smirched by
crooks. Communists and the SUI
preme Court" and then pointed to
the equally prominent Confederate
flag as "the flag that has never
been compromised by anybody"
There is consolation perhaps In
the fact that the persons who would
cheer such o statement comprise
the very small minority OF Mary,
landers.
Background Of Segregation
This Is not to say that there
aren't many Marylanders who be-
lieve In segregation. After all. the
State fought on both sides OF the
Civil War and has been segregating
the races in one degree or another
for decades.
But the overwhelming majority
Of Marylanders have shown them
selves to be law-abidine- citizens
willing TO make this difficult adj
justment to o newsVay Of life.
Some indication Of Maryland's
feeling in the matter OF adherine
TO the Supreme Courts indignation
DEGREES, came in the Democratic
senatorial primary last May 7.
You viii remember that the
segregationists had a candidate In
that race. George Washington VIII
liams campaigned openly against
the Supreme Court and for the
preservation Of segregated schools.
Segregationists all over the State
worked hard TO garner votes for
Mr.. Williams. Yet he got only 49,
348. less than per cent Of all the
Democratic ballots cast that day.
Since professional politicians
generally figure that any name on
the ballot Is good for about 5 per
cent Of the vote, Mr.. William
anti-integration campaign could
hardly be termed . success.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-09

Union, appeared to represent the
ultimate decentralization Col.
Nasser would accept.
While the talks went on in Cairo,
British and French. troops gathered
at bases in Cyprus: Jet bombers and
fighters rested, fueled and armed,
at Mediterranean airfields; British
and French warships cruised within
easy striking distance of Egypt's
ports.
But in Britain there we're signs
OF mounting opposition to use of
force in the Suez dispute. Prime
Minister Eden. bowling to continued
Labor and Liberal demands, sum-
moned Parliament to meet on
wednesday. At the same time there
were hints that the British cabinet.
under pressure from the United
States, was growing more receptive
to the idea Of submitting the entire
controversy to the United Nations
General Assembly If the Cairo talks
failed.
Policy Shift Indicated
The reported urging Of Washing
ton for an approach to the United
Nations in the dispute represented
an apparent shift in policy. Pre-
viously Mr.. Dulles had been de-
scribed as apprehensive that any
U. N. action would reveal too-sizable
support for Egypt.
But reports from both Western
and neutral nations have
strengthened a belief that the Soviet
Unions obvious opportunism in the
Suez controversy has caused resent
ment. In addition, Mr.. Dulles is
said to feel that a y. N. decision
would be preferable to one made by
50-nation conference. Such an
unwieldy conference, first sug-
gested by the Soviet Union before
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-09

spectors Of the District frequently
find that alcove, kitchens, in them
selves quite legal. have been made
illegal by bootlegging and installing
partitions, either temporary or per-
manent. to separate the kitchen
from the living quarters. II.
These violations, however, re-
fleet the wishes Of the housewives.
they want the kitchen area sepa-
rated from the living area: they
want the kitchen facilities shut Of
from view. They win hang, nail.
or prop any variety OF materials
over the opening in order to achieve
this effect -
In an obvious riposte at the
Health Department argument, Mr.
ngenfritz observed:
Much has been said Of the great
amount Of time mother spends in
the Kitchen, preparing the food.
doing the washing. the canning
and even the mendins, and rearing