davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-06
A Free-for-AH

Martin j. Dufficy writes:
ireland was a nation under
a central government and a
system of laws known as the
Brehon Code at time when
England was a mere province
Of the Roman Empire"
The great weight of history
recorded, gathered. Sifted and
weighed by painstaklng, hon.
est. scientific and intelligent
historians. psychologists and
students shows that the in
habitants of Ireland in the
first four and half cen
turtles after Christ were a
pant OF the great Celtic or
Gaelic family or race, speak
ing Gaelic very closely allied
to that spoken by the Belgaie
in Gaul and by the Celtic
Britains lnhabiting what is
now England and Wales and
their cousins in what is now
Scotland. There may have
been some Celtiberian blood in
Ireland also. but they were
primarily Gaels. They were
also heathens lie. not Chris
tians) during this time and
practiced something of the
same general druidical worship
as was found in ancient Gaul
and Britain. Their customs,
their manners and their be-
havior were probably not
markedly different from other
Gaels before contact with
Rome. They had a system Of
laws or customs known as the
Brehon Laws but they had no
central government worthy of
the name and could not be
correctly described as a nation.
Rather they were a mass Of
clans each Of which was con-
trolled very largely by its chief
the patriarchal system,
These clans seem to have
come together in loose con-
federation OF considerations
at times. but TO say that Ire
land had a central government
or for that matter Britain or
any other of the great areas
peopled by GaelS--before sus-
tanned contact with Rome is
little short Of ridiculous.
Be that as it may. the thing
that divided the South of Ire
land from Britain was not
primarily race or nationalism
but religion,
South Ireland has achieved
her lndependence-Which is
lust! North Ireland remains
within the British fold-which
is Just! ClarksOn J. Beall.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-06
On Buying Allies

In his message TO Congress,
President Eisenhower said that
his multibillion dollar foreign
aid program lis indispensable
to the security OF every Ameri-
can citizen" In other words,
it Is vitality necessary TO our
national security that we en-
gage in a bribery contest with
the Russians in the hope that
we can enlist the cooperation
Of other nations in combating
the forces OF communism.
one OF the recipients of our
largeSs will be our ally" Com
munist YugoSlavia. Marshal
Tito recently lectured his Com
munist Party Central Com
mittee and said. "A deluge
OF different Western destruc-
tive ideas and influences en-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-06

dangers the development of
socialism and the correct
education Of Yugoslav citi-
zens.' Thus, American tax
payers are told their political
security can be preserved only
by the use, in effect. of their
hard-earned tax dollars for the
correct education" Of Yugo-
slavs in Communist social
ism. Perhaps this was what
Secretary Dulles had III mind
when he recently announced
there is no connection what
Soever" between our foreign
AID program and securing
United States allies.
Surely Nj. Eisenhower
knows better than W expect
the American people TO indorse
his humiliating admission they
are no longer able to defend
their political institutions, but
must rely upon the dubious
assistance OF foreign nations.
purchased with American tax
dollars.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-06
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
D.. TunAAAC HEMpX
IA Most Rapid Reproducing Organism
By THOMAS R. HENRY

II one infectS a large num-
Der of bacteria with an equal
ly large number of viruses, DR..
Beadle reports. it turns out oc-
casionally that a single cell
resists infection. This is due
in some way to a modification
of the cell surface so that the
virus cannot bore its way in
side. Such mutations occur
about once in a million cell
generations. They apparently
are entirely the result OF
chance.
But once one has taken
place d new virus resistant
strain of bacteria can be estab-
lished. This is grown in large
numbers which in turn are in
fected with an equally large
number of viruses. Then it is
found that the virus also has
undergone a mutation to over
come the resistance and an
entirely new strain established.
A few mutantS will have the
ability to attack the resistant
bacteria.
Test-Tube Evolution
This is a spectacular ex-
ample. DR.. Beadle reports, of
evolution in a test tube. OBJ
viously if the virus could not
undergo this type of muta-
tional change it could not sur
vive. This is not a directed
mutation. 1t occurs spontane-
ously and is selected from the
population by the fact that it
is the only member of its race
that can survive"
BY means of a succession of
such experiments DR.. Beadle
and his coWorkers have been
able to map the genes, in
visibly minute units of hered-
ity, in the coliphage. 1t is
among the simplest and lowest
of living things-so lowly, in
fact, that there is some ques-
ton as to whether it can &C
tually be considered alive.
Yet the California Institute
of Technology workers have
found that at least 40 genes
can definitely be mapped, and
they believe that there are at
least 200.
The virus. inside it's shell.
consists almost entirely as
DNA-desoXyribonucleic acid
which is also constituent Of
all other animal and plant
cells. The experiments with
the minute organisms. DR..
Beadle says, more than con-
firm the widely held belief
that this substance contains all
the material OF heredity.
Whether OF not the hypoth-
esis eventually proves true,
he says in his report, it has
been one of the most stimulat-
ing concepts introduced into
modern biology and is facill-
tating research in many lines.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-06
THIS AND THAT
Rv THAPIES 3 TPA(EWEII

NAL root used for influenza to
the root the Chinese love,
ginseng.
Then there are many mar
velous little plants whose
leaves or roots or sometimes
seeds were used to make the
ladies lovely. and men wise and
brave. The amazing thing
seems to have been how serl-
ously the people of the 18th
and 10th Centuries took such
things.
One Of the plants was Sweet
Woodruff, a dainty thing.
sometimes called the Master Of
the Woods because Of it's way
of finally carpeting a large
area of shady ground.
If the householder wants a
good plant for the shade, this
is for him. 1t grows about a
foot high and has little small
greenish-white flowers. but it
is the bright green color Of the
leaves that is the charm
Our Kentucky coffee bean
tree is, scientifically. Gymno-
cladus Canadensis. pointing
sQuarely to its origin in
Canada.
1t was long ago brought to
all parts of the United States.
probably mainly by the In
dians.
The tree is upright. with a
fine silhouette, and nice spread
Of the main boughs. so that the
whole thing has a special look.
Two Of these fine trees grow
at the Connecticut avenue en-
trance of the Chevy Chase
Club.
Nature lovers found many OF
the pods down. and some car
ried away a few. not only as
Specimans. but as cat toys
The cat. as many people
know, is a difficult animal to
provide with toys. Its whole
sport consists of Catching some
thing. Hence. the famous cat
nip mouse.
The pods of the Kentucky
coffee bean tree intrigue house
cats, not only because Of the
shape, which is somewhat
mouse shape. but mainly be-
cause Of the rattle.
After the fragrant green
gum inside dries out, the seeds
begin to sound, and the noise
on a hardwood floor is, guar
anteed to please almost any
member of the feline family
The tree would make an eX-
cellent speciman piece for 4
really large lawn. II is hand
some. and we'll rooted. and
would not blow over in a hard
wind.
1t is not a tree for a small
place.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-06
Mission for Peace


ellis unanimous decision, United Nations
Secretary General Dag Hammarskiold
leaves today on an urgent mission whose
outcome may we'll determine whether
there is to be peace or war in the tension
ridden Middle East.
AS set forth in the American
sponsored resolution adopted by the
Council, Mr.. HammarSkjold's immediate
responsibility wiz be to try to persuade
Israel and the neighboring Arab states
to adopt-and abide by-arrangementS
designed to prevent further violations of
the Palestine armiStice. Both sides have
been guilty of many such violations in
the past and some Of the more recent
ones (like yesterdays in the GAIA strip
have been grave enough to make the
danger of full-scale hoStilitieS seem very
close and real.
Still, in addition to asserting that
they have no intention of starting war,
the Arabs and ISraelis have separately
and together promised to cooperate with
Mr.. HammarSkjold. Accordingly, if their
performances are as good as their words.
the Secretary General should be able to
work out with them an armiStice-
strengthening plan sufficiently effective
to head off major shooting incidents. In
any event, his efforts to that end will
certainly have the prayerful support OF
every true friend of peace everywhere in
the world.
But Mr.. HammarSkjo ld's task is not
to be limited merely TO the carrying out
of such efforts. For he has been charged
with the additional responsibility OF
studying the whole inflamed situation
and reporting back to the Security Coun-
cil---within months time-to counsel it
on what further action may be required"
to preserve peace III the area. Since
further action" could mean many things,
this may be the most difficult part of his
mission, at least in the sense of getting
all parties to agree on common policy.
The Soviet Union, for example has
voted with the rest of the Council in favor
of Mr.. HammarSkjold's journey, but will
it continue to cooperate if he comes back
with a recommendation against Com
muniSt arms shipments to the Arabs?
And how will the Israelis react if he
advocates something dlStaSteful to them?
Similarly, what will be the position Of
Jordan, Syria and Egypt If he proposes
measures (for instance, an end to CairoS
inflammatory propaganda) that are not
to their liking?
These questions are enough to indi-
cate the immense difficulty Of trying to
find a satisfactory solution to the Arab
Israeli problem. OF course, If Russia
could be counted upon to cooperate
wholeheartedly in the Security Council,
the outlook would be far brighter than
it is, but the past Soviet record does not
augur we'll for such cooperation. And
so a miracle of sorts may be needed to
maintain peace in the Middle East, where
any resumption of full-scale hoStilities
could lead to a catastrophe global war.
1t is for this reason that the success
or failure of Mr.. HammarskjoldS mission
can have the most fateful consequences.
1t is for this reason, too. that France,
Britain and the United States must be
Joined in a firm Observation-Disclosures
firmer than it seems at preSent-on what
they will need to do together If worst
comes to worst.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-06

There is an organism which
reproduces so rapidly that, If
all the offspring of a single in
dividual were preserved, they
would pack the entire universe
solid in "a hours.
This organism is coli
phsge," a form of filterable
virus, far too small to be seen
with the most powerful optical
microscope, which attacks var
ious intestinal bacteria of high
animals.
1t is described in a report to
the Office of Naval Research
by DR.. George w. Beadle. pres
ident of the American Associ-
alton for the Advancement Of
Science. The California In
stitute of Technology biologist
is studying the hereditary
aspects of viruses, particles
me asured in hundred-mil-
lionths of centimeters. Re-
sponsible for some Of the dead
Hest animal and plant dis
eases. these particles seem on
the border of the living and
the nonliving. They can re-
produce only inside a living
cell, but they seem to follow
the same genetic rules as other
organisms.
Within 20 or 80 minutes
after An intestinal bacterium.
consisting of single cell, is
infected. DR.. Beadle says. it
is suddenly split open and
from 100 to 300 daughters"
Of the original virus emerge.
This is the most rapid biologi-
cal reproduction known in ma
ture.
They Won't DevOur Us
OF course the possibility of
these organisms actually fl
ling up. or literally devouring,
the universe is nonexistent.
because in order for the rate
to continue it would be neces-
sary for each Of the daughters
to find a bacterial cell as host.
Otherwise they will quickly
perish. 1t is highly unlikely
that more than one or two of
them will survive to carry on
the malevolent race.
DR.. Beadle is interested pri-
marily in the genetics of the
organisms-especially the mu-
tations. Viruses. it long has
been recognized. are partic-
ularly subject to enetic
changes. This has constituted
one of the major difficulties in
dealing with those that infect
plants. As soon as a resistant
species is bred the virus under
goes a mutation that over
comes the existence. The same
is true TO lesser extent of Or
ganisms causing human dis
eases. A nearly innocuous race
OF the invisibly minute or
ganisms suddenly may become
deadly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-06

Pods of the Kentucky coffee
bean tree were falling.
Each pod was from 2 to 4
inches long. Of a rich mahog-
any color. some adorned with
what seemed to be tails. The
tails were simply the ends of
the stems. broken from the
tree by the wind.
II is a sure sign of spring
when these hard pods, filled
with large black thumb-size
seeds. fall.
1t takes a stiff wind to
knock them down, too.
AT one time in the history
of our country the seeds were
roasted, ground and made into
coffee.
This was during the Revolu-
ton, when there was a scare.
ity of tea, the then favorite.
Many persons. gathering
these beautiful pods. have had
the thought:
Why not t"y them?"
But there is many a slip
between the cup and the lip,
truly.
First one has to gather the
pods. scores Of them, so that
the shelled beans can be in
sufficient quantity.
This means STOPPING. and
many modern men or women
do not like STOPPING. Hence
they get fat.
1t is an amazing thing, but
thousands. perhaps millions Of
Americans go through life
STOPPING as little as possible.
It's the old midrif1.
Fat builds up there very
easily. especially if one simply
won't stoop except TO put on
shoes.
Such gymnastics leave many
older people cold. They forget
TO bend. and that is where the
fat comes in
Roasting the beans is not
easy. and before this is done.
one usually chucks the whole
thing, believing. and rightly.
that the brew wouldn't taste
very good, anyway.
The taste would be so far
from any good coffee, that it
would be ludicrous. The taste
would be weedy. one may feel
sure. as is the taste OF most
herbs. SO called.
Herbs have a special fasci-
nation These comprise all the
beans, roots. leaves. stems and
other vegetable parts used by
the ancientS in medicine and
cosmetics.
This is a field of research
open to almost any one with
a small plot Of ground. Medical
plants are fascinating sub
ject. They run from the Colo
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-06
Rojk's Ups and Downs

The hanging of Laszlo Raik
as traitor to Hungary is now
undone as he is "rehabili-
tated." When the prosecutor
asked for the death sentence.
Nj. RaJk eXpl essed his full
agreement and justified the
verdict AS Samuel johnson
said. when man knows he
is to be hanged i'll a fortnight,
1t concentrates his mind Won
derfully.' Foy the Easter sea-
Son we may reflect on a career
which began IN instruction
and eliminated in resurrec-
ton. Sidney KOretz.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-06

cutin completely stopped
erupting Nv Mace
A. Although the Mexican
volcano was declared officially
dead by meteorologistS IN 1852,
it still sends up small columns
Of smoke. day and night. Pail-
Cutln suddenly erupted on
February 20, l943. on the farm
Of Dionlsio Pulido on the
outskirts Of the village Of
Paricutin. Pulido died III 1855
in a neighboring village that
was created by the Mexican
government for the refugees
from the volcanic area.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-06

@. Is it true that in some
parts OF the world chess games
are played with human beings
serving as pieces?--R. l..
A. Yes. this is an old custom
which goes back to RcnaiS-
sance days IN Europe. Such
games are still played in Hell
sinki, Finland. and at Maros-
tica, Italy, where the first one
was a contest in the 18th CEN
tury between the two suitors
Of an Italian lords daughter.
q. Has the volcano Psri-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-06
Domminq the Potomac

The survey by the Army Engineer
Corps of the Potomac basins water re-
sources will provide valuable informa-
ton on prospects for conserving the
water supply, reducing pollution and
improving the rivers recreational facil-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-06

LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names MAY be used II
letters carry DrtterS correct
names and addresses All
letters are Sub1ect to conden-
SGtion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-06
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE


auA question vtitnp
emit for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-06

q. Has the volcano Psri-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-06
Herbert Ebcrhar.

Superintendent. Cent
Union Mission.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01
By ELEM

well. If she doesn't know
how to dress. who should?"
Edith Battles. Fashion Co.
ordinator for Woodward g.
Lothrop. has heard this phrase
a great many times. Everyone
connected with fashion usually
does.
From the time she was a
model for the fashion pages Of
Harper's Bazaar and now that
she's the wife Of Cliff Battles.
famous footballer, and living
in Alexandria. she's lived with
one fashion principle: ITS as
easy to look well as to look
sloppy"
Coordinating working hours
and her married life into q
workable fashion plan. also
involves another phrase. That
is, ANY person in the fashion
business owes it to their organ
ization. the public, and to
themselves to dress in perfect
taste" For in a sense, she feels.
you are often projecting the
best Of the coming trends.
1t is not a world Of clothes,
clothes. clothes alone for Edith,
however. She and Cliff lead
what they both term a week
end life" when work is done.
Just having moved into a new
home complete with "air con-
ditioning and swimming pool"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01

Mrs. Earl Dadson announces
the marriage Of her daughter,
Mrs. Barbara Dadson Cam
mack. to Mr.. Donald George
Kraus, son Of Mrs. Albert F.
Kraus and the late Mr.. Kraus
OF New York. N. Y. The we'd
ding took place. yesterday in
The Church of the Epiphany
Additional Weddings
on Page D-24
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01
FASHION NOTEBOOK
It's Her Business
TOLOOk |SmQrt'

both love to have friends in
for brunch, impromptu buffet
suppers, and just loaflng.
For these happy hours Edith
will either wear white duck
shorts, a polka dotted silk
shirt filled in with an ascot.
and little white leather scuffs.
or she may wear a more ele-
CANT outfit of her favorite
"RaJah' tapered pants. Patio
outfits OF cotton are a delight
to wear, says Edith, because
their long skirts allow her to
sit gracefully on the floor.
One favorite outfit Of this sep
arates type is a Gretta Plattry
cotton check bodice and long
skirt with gold thread out
lining the side pleats. It's
washable. looks elegant and is
comfortable to wear.
More Than Job
1T isn't q matter Of nv
job" says Edith, to many of
her women friends who tell
her "Oh. you've gotten dressed
up when they drop over to
see the Battles.
Il like to be dressed properly
for the occasion because 1 per-
sonally feel better" she saws
It's never a question of wear
ing fussy clothes because she
likes tailored things mostly
She considers being we'll
dressed an outlook on living. "
That happens to be the way
she wants to live.
Her business and personal
life Of fashion luckily blend
beautifully. Cliff and 1 hap
pen to like the same type of
clothes and so It's no prob
lem" Edith points out. Cliff
says he was first attracted to
Edith because of her sense of
humor but the fact that she
looked so attractive across the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01

room when he first saw her,
certainly helped.
He doesn't remember what
she wore the day they were
married in February of 1855.
She looked stunning, I know
and was stunned says Cliff.
whose football Hall of Fame
title fills Edith with pride.
Today Cliff is in charge Of the
Washington Office Of c. w.
Smith, a Detroit Engineering
Firm.
Il didn't realize when I was
working at Mays years ago
was really training for this
assignment" Cliff jokingly
tells Edith. Part of her Job is
to plan store fashion shows,
and coordinate the fashion
thinking of the store IN nu-
merouS departments.
A Year Ahead
I'm sometimes q year ahead
Of myself" says Edith who
goes into the fashion and
fabric markets in her search
of new fashion ideas. She was
the first to wear Balenciaga's
big white bowl hat almost a
year ago in Washington. TIA
still good" because she says,
you can almost feel a trend
from the beginning when it's
sound"
Edith also believes in fashion
duplication. She has a black
basic sheer wool dress and an
exact match in a brown sheer
wool. Both are Herbert Sond-
helms simple sheaths she
favOrS. This summer she has
two batiste dresses alike. One
is blue, the other pink, iced
with white lace. If she likes
something enough she gets it
in another color, thereby
really extending her wardrobe.
Only White
For evening she wears only
white. OF a stunning ensemble
Of white satin with the jacket
trimmed with white fox, she
says 1T cost me my LIES saw
ings." She wore this outfit the
evening the Touchdown Club
Continued on Pc. d., Col. 5
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01
Neild-White

Mr.. and Mrs. James J. White
of Hillcrest Gardens, Md, an
nounce the marriage of their
daughter Nancy Lee to Mr..
William H. Neild III. son of
Mr.. and Mrs. William H.
Neild of Washington. The
wedding took place yester-
day in the chapel of St. Tim
othy's Episcopal Church The
couple will live in Miami, Fla.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01

Mr. and Mrs. Charles Francis
Green, ST.. announce the mar
riage Of their daughter Sara
Ann to Mr.. James Ronald
Weismiller. son Of Mr.. and Mrs.
Frank Walter Weismiller of
North Woodbridge, Md. The
wedding took place yesterday
In the Brookland Baptist
Church. The couple will live
in Maryland.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01
Corbett-McCor

Mr.. and Mrs. jeremiah John
Mccarthy announce the mar
riage of their daughter Mar
celia Mary to, Mr.. Bernard
Ralph Corbett, son of Mr.. and
Mrs. Bernard Edward Corbett,
formerly of Lowell, Mass, now
of this city. The wedding took
place yesterday in Holy Trinity
Church, Georgetown. The cou-
pie will live here.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01
BroWn-Huff

Mr.. and Mrs. William Howell
Huff of Arlington, announce
the marriage of their daugh-
ter Marguerite to Mr.. j. Mitch
ell Brown. son of Mr.. and Mrs.
Herbert Rosser Brown of Ches-
ter, sc. The wedding took
place yesterday at Mt. Olivet
Methodist Church. The couple
will live in Arlington.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01

Mrs. Cordelia Williams Davy
announces the marriage of
her daughter, Lila Ewart to
Mr.. William Roger Thomson,
son of Mr.. and Mrs. Lawrence
Franklin Thomason, ST., of
Annapolis, Md, The wedding
took place yesterday in Uni
versalist National Memorial
Church. The couple will live
here.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01
Rodulovic-Bock

Mrs. T. Kelley Back OF
Washington announces the
marriage of her daughter
Beverly to DR.. Michael Radu-
lovic of McKeesport, Pa. The
bride is the daughter of the
late Mr.. Back. The wedding
took place yesterday in CAL
vary Baptist Church. The
couple will live in Seattle.
Wash.