davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-14
Disputed Monetary Policy

Testimony thus far in the monetary
policy hearings being conducted by the
congressional joint economic committee
appears to prove only one thing. It is.
IN short, that qualified witnesses on the
subject may hold widely varied opinions
and be able to support them persuaSively.
Even the application Of these opinions, in
the sense that the Federal Reserve Board
is applying its judgment through its steps
to restrict credit, is not subject to hard
and fast measurement of effectiveness
at least over short term.
For example, current Board policies
OF making money tight" through in
creased interest rates are designed to
restrain infiationary preSsureS-to en-
courage conservation of capital and to
discourage unnecessary expenditures.
Federal Reserve Chairman Martin argues
that the policies have been reasonably
effective and that the relatively slow pace
Of imitation today would be Speeded by
relaxation Of credit. At the same time,
Financier InduStrialiSt Robert Young
contends that rising interest costs and
shortages Of credit are powerful new in
11ationary forces" and Financial Editor
Elliott Bell argues that the restrictions
are building up harmful distortions in
our economy" Critical committee men,
berS charge that home builders, small
businesses and local governments are
being hurt, while large and profitable
corporations are relatively unaffected by
higher costs for money.
There are, Of course, other factors
than credit conditions involved. There
are vast demands in our economy today
for new investment, both private and
governmental, to point where the sup
ply Of capital is not keeping pace with
these demands. Aside from printing"
more money! sure formula for imitation
the alternative means Of providing this
capital is to encourage savings. Higher
interest rates payable on individual de-
posts, already authorized by the Federal
Reserve Board and the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation, have helped. BY
retaining earnings, industry has saved
enough to finance substantial portion
OF its own expansion in the past decade.
Even so, capital demand exceeds supply.
The Reserve Board fears that "easy"
money would be an additional tempta-
tion-resulting in greater demand, an
even wider unbalance and scramble for
goods that would force all prices higher
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-14

sands with the pathetic in
Scription. what should be usedP
Stage Manager Jones finally
solved this one, too. He opened
two waste paper baskets, and
neatly put the inscription be-
tween them.
Egypt had never seen any,
thing like it before, and prob
ably never has since.
\ 4
Christmas time came, and
the thoughts Of players turned
to Santa Claus.
There was q dissident sect
in those days, which insisted
on calling the old fellow with
the whiskers by such names as
Kris Kringle. and st. Nicholas,
but Temp Jones had been
brought up on Santa Claus for
many years, all 10 Of them,
In fact. SO his new play was
called, appropriately enough,
Santa Claus"
1t was presented for an audi
ence OF one. to wit, Temps
young brother, Buddy.
Buddy was just at the Santa
Claus age, 5 years old, a won
derful age to be in any year.
Temp got the stage set, and
told the audience to wait care
fully until the great character
came on.
Santa came with a rush Of
"Ho, no. no" and "Ha, ha, ha"
and a great jingling Of sleigh
bells made out Of mothers
dinner bell.
In character, young Jones
had a fine fat stomach "a pill
low and long white whiskers.
taken from who knew where?
Buddy was not prepared for
this apparition.
With q great scream, and A
kicking over Of the seat. he
ned the scene, and was not TO
be pacifled.
Tears fell, while Santa
started to remove his beard.
This amputation, instead of
soothing the rufIied breast.
caused q fresh outbreak OF
sobS. not to end until Mother
appeared obscene, demand
ing TO know: what on earth
are you doing TO Buddy?"
I'm just telling him about
Santa Claus" protested Temp
Jones.
Where did you get that
beard?" asked Mother.
"Out Of your quilt" sobbed
Santa Jones. Now he knew
from FIRST hand experience
what the old folks meant when
they said they were glad
Christmas comes but once a
year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-14
Democrats Doomed?

There Is a certain formula
being circulated through the
State OF Virginia that should
be brought to the attention Of
the State toxicologiSt.
1t seems TO have a more
toxic effect on dyed-in-the-
wool Democrats than any other
group Of people. So far no anti
dote has been discovered that
Is effective. This formula is
distributed under the trade
name B. s. T. compound. II It
is allowed 10 be distributed
without restriction, there win
be no Democrats left in the
great Commonwealth Of Vir-
ginia. One Of the ingredients
Of this formula, the most toxic,
has been distributed since 1892
without restrictions. The other
two ingredients we're added TO
the formula IN 1852 and 1854,
respectively. The proportions
Of this compound are 81 per
cent Byrd-33 per cent STAN
ley and Tuck.
Philip 8. Amber.
Front Royal. We.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-14
Mr.. Dulles to NATO

1t is unfortunate that there Is no
text available of Secretary Dulles con-
troversial remarks to the NATO Council.
For without text no one can be sure
whether Mr.. Dulles said this thing or the
other thing.
In all probability, however, some of
the first interpretations of Mr.. Dulles
remarks, based on summary Of them,
were inaccurate.
We do not believe, as one diplomatic
source" suggested, that Mr.. Dulles was
enunciating new American declaration
Of independence in foreign policy" We
do not believe that anything he said was
intended to imply belated approval Of
the BritiSh-French attack on Egypt. Nor
do we believe that Mr.. Dulles was trying
to assert for the United States freedom
OF action which he is unwilling to con-
cede, in comparable circumstances, to
France, Britain and all other NATO
countries.
The matter came up in connection
with report recommending consultation
with other NATO countries before any
new policy Is adopted which might affect
NATO, or a political announcement is
made" Obviously, Mr.. Dulles intended to
indorSe the policy of prior consultation as
a general proposition. But, judging from
after-the-event explanations, he also
thought 1t desirable to set forth certain
reservations.
He pointed out, in the first place,
that it might not be possible for the
United States, under its constitutional
processes, to consult its NATO allies in
all cases before policy is adopted or a
political announcement is made. Second,
and more important, he called attention
to the fact that the United States has
mutual defense pacts with 80 nations
around the world who are not members
OF NATO. And under these pactS, the
United States might find it necessary to
act, for example, in event of an attack on
FormoSa, without prior consultation with
the NATO countries.
In short, it is our belief that Mr..
Dulles wanted to throw his support be-
hind the principle of prior consultation
wherever this might be feasible. Appar-
emily, however, he also wanted to guard
against possible future accusations of bad
faith on our part by calling attention to
certain situations in which the United
States might feel obliged to act without
consulting its NATO allies.
Perhaps Mr.. Dulles was not suffl-
GENTLY clear and specific in stating his
reservations. Without access to text,
one cannot say. But it seems to us that
Mr. Dulles obviously was trying to do the
right thing. We do not think that he was
trying to assert some special privilege
for the United States-that he was trying
to assert for us freedom Of action which
he would deny to any other country.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-14
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Honey Bees Really Stick Together
BY THOMAS R. HENRY
Honey bees have achieved

Honey bees have achieved
an ideal communistic state.
All the $4,000 or more mem
bers Of a family-all progeny
Of a single queen-share and
share alike.
A single sample Of sugar or
nectar brought into the hive by
q forager is participated in by
all the bees. Thus all get es-
Sentially the same diet. They
all acquire Q common odor by
which they can recognize each
other. This odor constitutes
a scent language" which is
the basis Of the extremely
complex bee social life.
These observations, based on
experiments with radioactive
sugar, are reported by DR..
Roland Ribbands Of Cambridge
University in the annual re-
port Of the Smithsonian InSti-
tuition.
In one Of these experiments.
DR.. Ribbands says, "a marked
bee is trained to collect sugar
solution from q small glass
tube, and when radioactive
sugar is substituted the bee
continues to collect the radio
active syrup quite happily. 1t
returns to the hive and what
happens to the labeled sugar
can be followed quite easily.
Every bee that receives some
can be spotted by means Of q
Geiger counter. BY collecting
q sample Of bees from the hive,
one can discover what proper
ton Of the colony has &C
quired some Of the sugar. We
now know that one stomach
ful can be shared among al
most all the bees Of a large
colony. The experiments indi-
cate that this sharing is a
random affair. The sugar is
passed on irrespective Of the
recipients age or occupation"
Important in Hard Times
This building up Of a colony
odor through universal sharing
Of the food supply enables
members Of the colony to rec
ognize each other. This appar-
emily makes little difference
when food is abundant, DR..
Ribbands point out, but be-
comes Of great Importance in
periods Of scarcity.
"At those times Of the year."
he says, when there are in
sufficient flowers to provide all
the bees with food they often
try to steal the honey stored in
other colonies. Then the abil-
ity to recognize hive mates
and to distinguish them from
other honey bees will enable a
colony to defend itself against
attempts at robbery.
However, the honey bee
community does not defend it
self by attacking every invader
that does not possess the COM
munity odor. Strangers are
attacked only under certain
circumstances. In order to in
vestigate these circumstances
two colonies of differently COL
ored bees were placed close to-
gether, with their entrances
only two inches apart, so that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-14

bees often went into the wrong
colony by mistake.
when good supplies of nee
tar were available, the intrud-
erS were allowed to enter the
strange colony, but when nee
tar was short the strangers
were attacked and thrown
out, often being killed in the
process.
I'm further experiments car
ried out at the end of the sea-
son when no nectar could be
collected, bees from one Of
two colonies were trained to
visit dishes filled with sugar
solution, but no syrup was
made available to bees from
the other colony. When this
happened I found that the COL
ony whose foragerS were COL
Letting syrup would tolerate
strangers from the other coll
ony, although these intruders
went into it without food. On
the other hand, the colony
that was not foraging at
tackled strangers even when
they were carrying full loads
of the rich sugar solution.
This experiment showed that
the chance Of successful entry
was determined by the behav-
ior Of the bees Of the colony
which the intruder tried to
enter, The fact that the rob-
bling occurs when foragers are
not otherwise employed and
that colonies are mostly
guarded by unemployed for
ayers makes this result under
Standable.
Some Advantages
Production Of a common
and distinctive odor which
enables the colony to defend
itself against members Of
other communities is a very
important consequence Of the
habit Of food-sharing. Better
sharing means better defense
and so q greater likelihood that
the community will be able to
survive and perpetuate its
kind.
"The habit plays the key
role in the system Of commu-
nication which enables the
new forager to learn about
suitable crops, in that the new
recruit always received a sam
pie of the crop the colony is
working. The first flight be-
comes a search for a crop with
a similar scent. The habit
enables the worker bees in a
colony to be apprised of the
presence Of their queen. A
substance derived from her
body is conveyed from bee to
bee in the shared food, and in
the event Of any deficiency in
the substance they take steps
to rear another queen.
I'm addition, it probably
helps to ensure an effective
division of labor in the colony,
which has to be so integrated
that a suitable proportion of
the worker population carries
out each Of the various tasks
necessary for maintenance Of
the colony"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-14
Opportunities for Aqed

An article in The Star of
December 5 quoted DR.. Joy
Elmer Morgan, editor Of Senior
Citizen magazine, as saying
that schools, churches and
recreation authorities have
been slow in establishing ade-
quate programs for the aged"
With that statement I have
no quarrel, but I would wonder
what is considered an adequate
program by the doctor, or why
a program"
From the recreation angle,
Washington offers adequate
facilities for all ages in prac-
tically every type of activity.
both active and passive, with
the possible exception Of shut
f1eboard and croquet, often as
ISOLATED in the public mind
with retired citizens.
Many older persons may not
be physically capable Of golf.
dancing, archery, fencing. ten
mis-. boating, riding. swimming.
skiing or hiking Gall accessible)
but surely there are available
numbers Of craft and hobby
groups. music, amateur drama,
writer's and readers groups.
checkers, cards, chess, infor-
NAL language groups, garden
ing, knitting, sewing. weaving,
spelling, speaking, genealogy,
stamp collecting, astronomy,
painting, woodworking and
sculpture, to name a few, all
either free or for a modest fee.
For individual enjoyment as
opposed to group activity, free
concerts, exhibits and lectures
abound in this area.
District schools offer voca-
tional training free, millinery
and dressmaking classes, and
part-time jobs are increasingly
opening UP for persons Of ma
ture age who feel they would
be happier to be earning some
money or establishing added
security for the future through
the present more liberal social
security regulations.
The churches have always
offered group opportunities for
interested members.
The volunteer agencies are
eager for mature workers. To
help others is to give fresh
life to ones own living. Civic
groups need help.
How about q program, II II
should be called that, Of edu-
eating and informing the older
citizens Of their opportunities
in a city which offers 50 many?
Rosamond Goodman.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-14
THIS AND that
By CHARLES f. TRAcEWELL

On Saturdays. in the old
days, when Templeton Jones
was about 10 years old, the
children played theatre.
Or theater, as 1t was univer-
sally spelled then.
You could get for IS cents, or
maybe so cents, lit was long
ago. a neat little house with
q big arch, scenes to change,
and players to cut out and
mount on cardboard.
There was q book, which gave
directions for some Of the pop
ular dramas, including Julius
Caesar" and Helen Of Troy"
1t was from reading this
book that young Temp Jones
went around the house for days
declaiming, Hence, hence, We
sinking mechanicals! Know
We not that this is q holiday"
These little theaters had
their limitations. For one
thing, you couldn't crawl into
them and appear on the stage
in person, a thing every true
actor likes to do.
For another, boyhood de-
mands scope. Boys like to
jump, run and tumble. To con-
fine their activities to a small
stage no more than two feet
square is like reading a book,
good at times. but permitting
little play Of the arms and
legs.
So the children went into
the attic, and made their own
theater, with q stage with a
real window in it, and q real
curtain draped from the
rafters.
That the curtain was an old
pair Of portiers taken out Of
an old trunk made no differ
ence. It was a fine thick cur
tain, which had an old faded
green color. and seemed Just
right for Helen Of Troy" but
not so good for Julius Caesar. {"
Curtain and stage. Of course,
made little difference.
The play was the thing, and
the actors were its mainsprings,
as you should have seen when
Temp Jones sprang In on his
chariot at Just the right mo-
ment TO nip Caesar in the bud.
Ancient Rome was never like
this. but 1t made no difference.
For a penny q show. versimiIi-
tude was scarcely necessary.
The storming Of the walls Of
Jerusalem by Titus gave q lit
tie difnculty.
The walls we're Just card
board boxes, and the Roman
legions looked suspiciously
American, and 20 very. very
young. But the walls we're car
ried In triumph. TO q great
clatter that satisfied even the
youngest In the audience,
whose sense Of drama was not
as good as their sense Of
hearing.
Temp Jones had a great deal
Of difnculty with the ancient
character whose truncated re-
mains in the desert shouted
10 all paSsersby, Look upon
my works. ye mighty, and des-
pair"
II was easy enough 70 show
the desert. Bare boards did
very well for bare sand. When
II came 70 the great legs Of
Stone, standing alone In TIP
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-14
WISHING

The stars fen down IN Wishing
Lake,
A shining silver school
That siOdm the windv, rippled
tOdke
Like bright fsh IN a pool.
The fShermen roped eagerly
And cast their lines about:
But MoH0h stars ddrted
hunOrilp,
Thev neUeT pulled one out.
SoFoh Howard
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-14
Questions and Answers
By THE HAsKIN SERVICE

Q. When was penicilIin dis
covered and when was II first
used on q patient7-A. r.
A. Penicillin was discovered
In 1923 by Sir Alexander
Fleming. English baeteriolo-
giSt. The first injection Of
penicillin given 10 a human
patient was that given on
February ~. 1870. 70 q London
bobby dying Of q blood infec-
ton. The change IN his con-
dition was dramatic, but he re-
lapsed and died when the
tiny supply Of the new drug
was exhausted.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-14
Aroused by Voice

The Voice of America broad
cast a suggestion by Prof.
Salvador de Madariaga y Rojo,
Spanish writer on interna-
tional affairs, who now lives
in England. AS reported in
The Star, Prof. de Madariaga
said that the Communists seek
to reduce all men to the quail
ity Of grains of sand in q
desert" Nationalist, on the
other hand, allegedly treat
men as herds" of animals and
are incapable of rising above
the interests and powers Of
their own kith and kim" He
is liberal and impartial with
his epithets as he condemns
both deadly equality" and
our own historic position as
"murderous nationalism."
In the proposal for his own
form of collectivization, Prof.
de Madariaga wants us to
rise above" our own interests
and adopt a concept of COM
mon interests and powers.
When Communists stress COM
mon interests and powers, the
professor has harsh words for
them. But, as a different kind
Of collectivist, he would do the
same thing. Is his own inter-
naturalization of mineral oil,
uranium, and civil aviation Ito
begin With, which means
equality of ownership and
access. not deadly equality?
From the internationaliza-
ton thus sponsored he would
"at first" exclude the Com
munists, presumably because
they have different Interests
and powers" How many nom
Communist nations have in
terests and powers similar to
ours even If in various degrees
they oppose communism?
Further. the limitation "at
first" means that we are later
to include the Communists
in such INSTRUMENTATION.
That. of course, will be on
their terms. They are ready for
it now!
Having recognized Prof. de
Madariaga as a collectivist. we
must decide whether we want
to go along with him. But the
Voice of America must also
recognize this and admit that
his Is a point Of view which
this Nation has not officially
adopted. In its series on "hu-
manity's hopes for the future"
why does the Voice feature
the collectivist point Of View?
Lloyd Buchanan.
4 ~
This Is the Voice Of Amer
ica? This suggestion that we
dive, along with our national
resources and basic industries,
into a world melting pot
where the last word on deci-
sions affecting the laws Of our
country, or even our very ex-
istence, might be vested in
some such international body
as the United Nations, for ex-
ample? This really would be
deadly" equality
Maybe we ought to think
about investing some Of that
money we pour into the
Voice" to educate and pro-
mote a few American Joe
Smiths" TO speak Spanish or
what have you?
Our neighbors across the
seas just might have q little
more liking and respect for us
II they could have a little truer
picture Of US as we really feel
and think.
Lila ID. Sonnemann.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-14
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used u
letters carry tOriters correct
names and addresses. An
letters are subject to condeH-
SGtioR.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-14

us keep our eyes on the stars
and our feet on the ground"
J. Martin Smith.
Paris, France.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-08
Woman Made Citizen
Within Own Home

BILLINGS. Mont. (P.-The
court moved into the bedroom for
Mrs. Sam Winner to become a
citizen.
The Polish-born woman has
been confined for years by null
tiple sclerosis. Her husband
helped her make the final move
to citizenship. He raised and
steadied her right hand as the
court clerk administered the
oath of allegiance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-08

the unquestioned boss, raised
their trunks in salute Sunday as
her wrinkled old body was tum-
bled into a huge grave dug by a
power shovel.
"She deserved something better
than the glue factory" Mr.. Kelly
said.
Old Babe was retired to the
15-acre farm two years ago
after her last job with the King
Brothers Circus. Her history
was confused, but she was known
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-08

CHENEY, Neb., (P.-Doctors
told Louis Alfred Morton in 1885
he wouldn't last another year.
Mr.. Morton. a retired Lancaster
County farmer. has just observed
his Tooth birthday. recalling how
Indians roamed much of south
eastern Nebraska when he came
to the State from Illinois by
covered wagon in 1882.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-08

to have been with the famous
Robinson Show in 1909 and
later with the 101 Ranch. Down.
ing. Webb's Motorized and Cole
Brothers Circuses.
She also appeared in the
movies "Jupiter's Darling" "Ele-
plant Walk" and Road to
Burma"
A gentle giant, Old Babe was
given the run of the Kelly farm
in her last years. Children petted
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-08

her and fed her peanuts as she
lstrolled among the rides and
circus relics of this one-time
major winter quarters for the
big top shows.
She'll have a more impressive
monument later. Mr.. Kelly said.
He became deeply attached to
the old elephant and left for
Chicago shortly after the burial
to hunt for Bill Woodcock, vet
Ieran elephant man supposed to
know Old Babes history.
Mr.. Kelly said he thought Old
Babe deserved a better biography
than he had been able to give
the newspapers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-08
THE EVENING STAR, Washington, D. C.
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST g. 1856
Elephant That OutIived
Six Circuses Is Dead

PERU Ind, Aug. 9-"Od Babe" grand old trouper who
ouved at least six ccuses lay today massive marked
by ring of furnished parade wagons
The aged Indian elephant performer in ccuses.
and the movies for at least 10 died last Friday
Kelly animal farm and childrens amusement
Eight other elephants of the Kelly herd which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-08

This group of carved and embossed
wltons, so perfect for traditional and
contemporary homes. contain fomous
values worth up 10 Sl2.o5 and more.
Rich coIors, eiegont patterns, plush
pile in weor- resistont oil-woo yarns.
Peor grey, fern green. wheat beige,
nutrlo.