davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-05-01
Dairy Situation Holds Strong
Relative to Other Livestock
By GILBERT GUSLER, Marker Analyst

1855, up A pounds from 1854. Butter
consumption was 81 pounds against
go pounds in 1854, but consumption
of cheese and evapOrated milk de-
clined slightly.
Part of the dairy products consumed
by civilians came from CCC supplies
or was bought with government funds
as in the special school milk program.
Such products were equal to about 90
pounds in milk equivalent per person
last year against 81 pounds in 1854.
Hence, civilian consumption per per-
son from commercial sources was
only $40 pounds in whole milk equiva-
lent in 1855, the same as in 1854.
This is disappointing showing. since
retail prices were much the same in
the two years, consumer income was
at a record high in 1855 and the dairy
industry was spending a substantial
amount to promote increased use of
its products.
Looking ahead, recent trends in
production, consumption and gov
eminent support purchases can be
expected to continue for some
time. Production may be boosted
later by a small increase in the
number of cows as well as by great
er yield per cow. The number of
replacement dairy heifers on farms
on January 1 was 1856 per cent of
the number of milk cows. Unless
culling is above normal rates, milk
ing herds will be slightly larger by
the end of the year.
Prices for dairy products probably
will average slightly higher than in
the past year. Supports have been
raised to $3.25 cwt. for manufacture
ing milk and $3.50 cents a pound for
butterfat, up 10 cents and "a cents,
respectively, from those in the last two
years. Supply and demand conditions
probably will hold prices down to
support levels during a substantial
part OF the season, as they did In the
last IL months.
But it is questionable whether in
creaseS in prices for dairy products
will cover the probable increases in
costs, at least for dairymen who hire
much labor and purchase an important
part of their feed For dairymen who
use only family labor and buy only
the supplementary protein needed, the
higher level of prices for dairy products
may mean a small increase in net in
come.
The lOng-run outlook for the dairy
business appears as favorable as
for any major type of farming.
Milk is one of the most essential
foods. At prevailing retail prices,
it is relatively cheap. Industry pro-
grams of consumer education and
Continued on page 5O)
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-05-01

DAIRYMEN PROBABLY will do well
to hold their own" in the year ahead.
Uncle Sam has raised dairy price sup
ports slightly, but changes in his farm
program may be even more effective
in raising feed grain prices. Part of
the gain in returns to dairymen over
feed cost in the past year may be lost.
Milk production is rising faster than
consumption and the dairy surplus is
getting bigger.
After setting record highs in each of
the last three years, milk production
is on the way to new peak this
year When price supports for manu-
featuring milk and butterfat were low
cred two years ago, dairymen culled
closely and production Jagged for a
time late in 1854 and early 1855 How
ever, after feed prices dropped last
year, production turned up again and
the 1855 total was a record 1885 bill
lion pounds, up IA billions from 1854.
The increase in output is CON-
ing from fewer but better cows, fed
and managed better than in for
mer years. Farmers had 2S.3 mil
lion milk cows ON January 1, near
ly 100000 less than two years before
when higher price supports were
in effect. Production per COW aver
aged 5,S15 pounds in 1855 against
1857 pounds in 1854. 1t is increas-
ing at well over 100 pounds year.
The more profitable relationhip be-
tween milk and butterfat prices and
feed costs and between dairy prices
and hog and beef cattle prices have
stimulated interest in milk cows In
March 1856, the average value of con-
centrateS fed to milk cows, at 1901
a cwt. in milk-selling areas and $2.61
in cream-Selling areas, was lowest for
the month since 1916. The milk-feed
price ratio was II per cent over a year
previous, and per cent over the 1885,
81 March average. The butterfat-feed
ratio was IL per cent over a year ago
but per cent below the longtime aver
age
In March also, prices paid to farmers
for dairy products averaged 1 per cent
higher than in March 1855 while meat
animal prices were down is per cent.
Naturally, some farmers have been
thinking of quitting sows and steers
and looking around for milk cows.
Total consumption increased
slightly last year. The increase of
about 81 million in the population
takes about 1.8 to 1.9 billion pounds
more milk each year to maintain
the per capita supply. In addition,
civilian consumption per person in
1855 increased to 500 pounds in milk
equivalent compared with 691
pounds in 1854. Consumption Of fluid
milk and cream was 1853 pounds in
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-05-01
Buy IL Ssoess SoaeT
HOMETOWN
DEALER

INDUSTRIES LIMITED AXE LISTED
HERE. LOOK FOR YOUR TOWN LISTING.
DON'T BE SATISFIED WITH ANY OTHER
THAN A MACHINE INDUSTRIES SPRAY
Err.
IF YOUR TOWN OR DEALER IS NOT
LISTED HERE TEAR OUT THE COUPON
AND MAIL TODAY FOR FREE ILLUS
TRATED LITERATURE. IF YOUR DEAL
Err IS LISTED HERE HE CAN DELIVER
THE SPRAYER TO YOU LAID DOWN IN
YOUR TOWN AT THE SAME LOW PRICE
AS MACHINE INDUSTRIES co.
NORTH DAKOTA
ADAMS: Hagen Imp. Co.-ADA: Ada Farm Sup
BELLS: Northern Imp. Co.-cARRINGTOh:
Darlington Imp-CAvALiER: Glen F. Morrison
COLUMBUS: B. & r. Motors-C00P ERST0WN:
Griggs County Imp.-CR0SBY: Gubrud Imp. Co.
DEVILS LAKE: MikkeIson's EXPLORATIONS:
Bondy Imp.-EDMoRE: S. N Freie-EMRIcK:
Gulden Bros & Clough-FESSENDEN: Kruger
Fuel & Dray-F0REST RIVER: Fosness Imp. Co.
-GiLBT: Omar Vein-GRAFT0N: Williams Imp
Co.-GRAhO FORKS: Selnes Imp. GORE
NORA: Anderson Chev Co-HAMiLT0k: Hamil-
Co.-HATT0N: Tri County Imp.-HILLSBoR0:
Alsaker Imp-HoOPLE: Bergman Imp. CO.
JAMESToWN: Melland Imp. CO.-IAKOTA:
Lakota 1mp.-LANGD0N: Bergman Imp. Co.
-LARtM0RE: L. ]. Lord Imp.-LEEDS:
Liechty Imp. Co.-MADDocK: Rice Motor &
Suppiy-MAYVILLE: Anderson Equipment Co.
MICHIGAN: Lamb Bros.-MINoT: Van Eckout
Farm EQuip.-MINT0: Super Service Gar
MUNICH: SCHUYLER Hardware-NEcHE: Neche
PORK RIVER: Silliman Imp Co.-PEMBiNA:
Co.-RoBINSok: Morrison Bros.-R0LLA: Rolls
Arkansas State press., 1956-11-09
fundamental Teachings Of Booker 7.
WASHINGTON Seen as Helpful Today

Booker Washington Birthplace.
Na-fhe lowest ebb of race re-
lations in America came in the
period following the War Be
tween the States when the Nearo
faced almost complete denial Of
the great promise Of freedom
and seemingly determination
writes George S. Schuyler noted
traveller and brilliant editorial
writer for the Pittsburgh Courier
IN a special article on the Book
er I. Washington Centennial
which IS now appearing in news
papers all over the country.
sehuyleris current appraisal Of
Boxer 7, Washington is one of
many articles contributed By
leading writer's which will be
published in connection with the
Centennial Of Washingtonis birth
Il was announced today by Sid
hey J, Phillips, Commission presi-
dent.
What the Negro needed in the
1905 was time and weapons to
combat the evil influences Of his
enemies and detractorsa, said
Schuyler He needed reinsurance
Of his potentialities. opportuni-
ties, and a program for realizing
them. Booker T Washington sup
piled both.
Schuyler, who has one Of the
most extensive records for per-
sonal investigations Of racial dis
orders in this country and Latin
America, and who led in the de-
nuneiaIlon Of Communism among
Negroes, claims that "alI friends
Of the Negro should extend them
selves tduring this Centennial
Year, 10 publieize the philosophy
and programs OF this inspired
man who did so much 10 help
resolve the racial conflict in A.
merlea",
With the hope that a return to
his sane fundamental teachings
may again be shown IN present
day race relations, President phil
lips said that Goodwill Building
Christmas Cards containing a
speeia message written by Book
CT TWashinEton may be secured
from Booker Washington Birth
place Virginia Business firms in
communities where race relations
are strained and leaders on both
sides Of racial controversy may
use these cards 10 advantage
Arkansas State press., 1956-11-09

tlalitles of borrowers in the mi
norlly groups.
The Correlator IN an article
titled. "A Growing Market.
states: "A decade Of continued
economic Improvement has made
the nations growing minority
groups important home buying
prospects. Between 1910 and 1850
the number of nonWhite families
earning 5000 to 5000 annually
increased about 80 times. In that
same period the number earning
over 5000 a year increased more
than 50 times" The CoTrelator
further points Up IN an article
by Morgan G. Earnest. TITLED.
Selling the Minority Buyer. the
technlques and skills needed in
selling housing to the minority
market The basic conclusion
reached IN this article Is stated
quite bluntly by the author;
Don't feed that you have to learn
a definite set Of rules for eusto-
mer relations and merchandising
The old rules of fair dealing and
vigorous. but tasteful sales pre-
senlation apply in the minority
market Just as In any other
market" The third in this series
Of articles In the Correlatof is
titled. "VHMCP Channels Funds
10 Minority Market, BY Fred Is
Morrison. Executive Secretary,
Voluntary Home Mortgage Cred
il Program Mr. Morrison states
that in some areas, The proposed
project or house must be located
in an eligible VHMcP area. In
the case of the minority housing
there is no area restrictions Mr.
Arkansas State press., 1956-11-09
Increase In
Minority Housing
Market. Noticed

The growing importance Of the
minority housing market Is point
cd up in the October 1856 edition
of two Of the nations leading
building industry magazines. Pr,
The Magazine OF Prctabrica'ion,
published by Prcfabricaici Home
Manufacturer institute. and Cor
rclator published by Cue Notion
al Association OF Homo Builders
point up the growing market m
minority housing and some ot
the experiences OF successful
builders ia this market.
pF states In IT'S articl.. llo"s-
ing Nonwhitc Families Mark
ed advance in factors touching
the demand for and supply of
minority group housing has been
noted IN the last two years. cou-
Arkansas State press., 1956-11-09
Arkansas Negro
Gets Recognition;
But Not in State

HELENA-Dr Morris NJ Prof
90 Of Chicago. and a native Of
Helena was initiated recently in
20 The College of Surgeons IN San
Francisco Calf
The youthful surgeon has had
o. notable Clluyl hc was born IN
Helena 90 81 and Mrs. Nose
Pl0.tEt the grandson Of the late,
DE- Z G. Morris. former promi-
nent minister of Helena. And he
Is the grandson u Mrs. Aria S.
Pr1fft and nephew OF Dr. II "
Pro'fti
His Undergraduate work was
Gone az Northeastern univ. He
finished medicine al Mcharry
medical college in Nashville.
tennessee DR. proffltt did grad
gaie work lu surgery both al
Provldcu' hospital IN Chicago,
and Freedman hospital in Wash
ingiou. p c.
he served as captain in the
U S Army IA Korea and re-
oeived thc Bronze star for meri-
brious achievements as a sur
Eeon
He became a diplomat OF the
American Board Of Surgery at
NE unusual age Of 81 years.
Al the age Of thiry-five. DIR.
Prot'it became the youngest
Negro ever initiated into the So
cicty
AZ present DR. Proffitt is a
e.rical instructor Of surgery at
Illinois Research and Educational
hospital also vice president Of
ne Department Of General Sur
sery q Provident hospital.
Arkansas State press., 1956-11-09

pied @ith changes in approach to
the old situation by both builders
and lenders" The article states
further that the Mortgage Bank
efs Association Of America, the
National Association Of Home
Builders, and the National Asso-
citation Of Real Estate Boards
have paid particular attention to
solutions to the housing problems
that confront the nonWhite eiti-
Arkansas State press., 1956-11-09
Student Nurses
Enter Hospitals

The following student nurses.
graduates of Dunbar Practical
Nursing school have entered ST.
YinceRt's Iafirmary and the Uni
yersity Of Arkansas hospital for
their clinical training Mines.
Alfornia z. Jackson. Nell Dean
Hart. Velma Joiner. Erma Hen
DIRK, Geneva LasteE, Ruth Ad-
row, Edith Burton. Sylvia Jack
son. Bessie Mcmillan, Erm4 Iiay IS.
Myrtle CoYngton, Willie ThUmp-
son, Mary Bennett, Claudia
Young, anu Misses Jerdle Sultles,
Dorothy Robinson, Doris Aaron,
Marie Dukes.
Arkansas State press., 1956-11-09

/ { Cook Who vas given a
vonderful trip b. his LIST. cousin,
Charlie Scott of SEATTLE, Washing
n, vas eIated over the many
,lsees he vas able TO visit. He
IN his Home Monday by ear
and stopped over in Chicago
rlInols visiting his sister-in-law
and children. lie also spent some
lime with old friends. Dave Me
Mullen and Ess.dee Wallace
Roge After staying IN Chicago
mes left for Seattle Washington,
ms hepheWs home, where he Wa
Byally entertained throughout
his stay He wa especially inte-
-r,ted in The school he visited
IA Washington with a Negro
lneIpal Prof II l.. Caldwell
n az al white school, and the
moath way in which the school
was operated One ~ his former
udents Mrs Claudia Moore.
.Shefed him around
Leaving Seattle he left by train
hr California visiting his sister,
Nf Mamie Johnson and son who
re establishes IN business there.
Re vas guest II Frank Blackwell,
e6aan He also visited some
y hF friends also including one
q his former students. and name
AXE {. Harris
Arkansas State press., 1956-11-09

zenS, and in making these studies
and surveys, the FILA has CO.
operated IN producing a record
volume Of housing. Also the arti-
Gle points up that the Mortgage
Bankers Association of America
has published a detailed report
af its findings and this report
has been circulated to all Of the
members Of the MBA in an effort
To aequaint them with the poten-
Arkansas State press., 1956-11-09

Morrison pointed up that there
are no area restriction for the
minority groups in applying for
mortgage assistance through the
YHMcP, and that About IS per
Arkansas State press., 1956-11-09

cent Of VHMcP's volume has
been in the field Of minority
housing. This is a conservative
figure since the distinction be-
tween minority and nOh-minority
Arkansas State press., 1956-11-09

applications Is made only In ur-
ban areas. In remote areas the
loan is sought on the basis of
area rather than any particular
group"
Arkansas State press., 1956-11-09
BOOKER IJIlIy65NIX
$50
Booker T. Nla4lsln91os Centennial

the 8Ah the
o lends
educators contribution 0 Negroad cement
eloaeseb of America
freedom brought by
Civil War and Reconstruction extern
in niw eey
Of his
tiles anda program 70 reaizn them
T. Washington
o of his ridsH imef
ashpe ahead
for the 0 him When
Il %
surrounding white
nluL sir and
emyea onyi
in of
rdoundd in
ommuni
s in of TIN rhofB
Washington in slave cabin Franklin County, Virginia that all friends
Arkansas State press., 1956-11-09

should extend themselves 10 Pube the philosophy and program
Of this inspired who did much help resolve the rae
conflict in America.
Under the sponsorship oil the Booker l. Washington Cenenn
Commission of Booker Washington Birthplace Va headed by
redoubtabe Sidney Phillips l956057 should bring the
ton Of America before the contribution Of Of
sfellr#i
GEORGE $ SCHUYLER
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1956-09-21
INDIAN HEARTHs, 1000 YEARS Old,
DISCOVERED I'M WYOMING

Seven hearths, probably used by
Indians about 1000 years ago, have
been discovered between one and two
miles south of Sinclair, Wyo., CARING
|. Malouf, assistant professor of an
thropology at Montana State Uni
versity, reports. The find extends the
known range of the Indians that used
such hearths, he says.
Malouf found the Every good speci-
mems" this summer while he was
working by special arrangement with
the Colorado Interstate Gas Company
and the National Park Service. After
the construction company staked out
the route for Colorado interstate
pipeline, Malouf followed with his
investigation of the surrounding area
for evidence of prehistoric man. Five
of the hearths were uncovered in the
trench dug during ditching machine
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1956-09-21

operations, Malouf said. He found
two others nearby.
The "ovens" are basin-shaped holes
measuring about two feet across and
one foot deep, filled with charred
rocks, sand, and charcoal. The rocks in
the basins were blackened to a depth
of about quarter of an inch when
they were uncovered, but the black
soon bleached out upon exposure to
sunlight and air, Malouf said.
The Indians probably used the ov-
ems for cooking vegetables, accord
ing to Malouf. The absence of bones
near the ovens indicates that grasses,
roots, herbs, and small animals and
birds were cooked by a slow baking
process. Wood was used for fuel to
heat rocks that would retain heat for
several hours, he explained.
The people that used these hearths
could be classified as foragers be-
cause there is evidence that they re-
lied upon "scrounging" for food,
Malouf said. The earliest inhabitants
of the region were big game hunters,
popularity known as the Yuma and
Folsom hunters, who roamed the
plains about 5000 years ago, he said.
AS changes in climate and other fac
tors made it harder for the Indians
to find food, they had to depend more
on plants, herbs, roots, and small
game to be found in the vicinity, he
continued. 1T was during this stage,
about 1000 years ago, that the
1earths he discovered were made,
Malouf surmises. The Shoshone and |
cheyenne tribes, who were hunters
md buffalo eaters, lived in the area
It later period, after the beginning
f historic times, he pointed out
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1956-09-21
Boss Asks Workers To Kick
In l Per Cent of Pay
For Eisenhower

The president Of Fibreboard Prod
ucts, Inc, of San Francisco, William
Ready, has sent letter to all en-
ployes asking them to kick in 1 per
cent of their yearly income to the
Eisenhower campaign.
Assuming that Fibreboard en-
ployes earn the national average for
manufacturing workers Of about
$1,000 a year that means that they
would toss $37 apiece into the kitty
for-Ike. That is just 81 times the
amount which COPE is asking ALL
CLIO members to contribute volun-
tarily to its Embarrassing campaign.
MEMO.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1956-09-21
Standard Oil Men Forged
Wires To congressman

those who don't own pipelines
outside the reach of Federal Power
Commission. Congress passed the bill,
though Thye was among those vot-
ing against it.
President Eisenhower said, 81 am
in accord with (the bill's) basic OBJ
jectives," but he vetoed it because
oil lobbyists defied accepted stand
ards of propriety."
Standard Oil is the nations third
largest natural gas producer. Sem
ate committee investigators said
Standard inspired 900 kilograms
to Thye.
Frank o. Prior, Standards presi-
dent, told the committee two more
of the firms statesmen sent kilograms
to members of Congress and signed
other peoples names without their
consent. He said this was "an error.
Prior said Standard charged off
the cost of these kilograms as "mar-
keting expense. Standard also con-
tributed 100000 to 100000
education fund" that the industry
raised to get the bill through Con-
gress. This too was called business
expense and helped reduce Stand
ards tax liability.
Gulf Oil Company's board chair
man, Sidney A. Swensrud, told sena-
tors his firm considered its 111,000
contribution to the industry campaign
as a legitimate business expense, de-
ductible on its income tax.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1956-09-21

WASHINGTON, D. C.-(CNS)-
Two Standard Oil area representatives
have admitted that they forged other
peoples signatures to kilograms they
sent urging Senator Edward j. Thye
(R-Minn.) to support the natural gas
bill.
Vernon E. Lee of Fairbault, Mimi,
told a special Senate lobbying COM
mittee, September 10, that his firm
gave him five sample kilograms to
send Thye and told him to get people
in his area to sign them.
Lee said H. G. Moshier, Minneapol-
is public relations man for Standard
Oil Company of Indiana, gave him a
deadline to get the kilograms to
Washington. Pressed for time, Lee
said he sent II to Is kilograms, US
ing names of people he hadn't con-
tacted
Keith Thompson of Duluth, who
represented Standard last spring but
is now in the construction business,
said Standard paid for all the tele-
grams. He talked with only a third
of the people whose names he signed
to kilograms. He said the names came
from Standard Oil agents in 10 towns
in his area.
The natural gas bill would have
put so-called independent producers
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1956-09-21
Over Fifty Rural
SehooIs Reopened
In Recent Years

"The children of Montana are its
greatest resource. These children
must be educated if we are to con-
tinue to prosper in Montana. The
schools of our State are good and
we must keep them so. A school may
be no better than the teacher who is
responsible for the direction of the
educational program within its walls.
The teachers in Montana are most
competent and we hope to hold these
people in our schools by adequate
salaries and professional standards of
certification, State Supt. Mary NJ.
Condor said in Plentywood Sunday.
"The rural schools in Montana, we
believe, should offer the rural chill
dren of the State a program of edu-
cation which will enable them to de-
velop wholesome human relations,
self-realization, moral, spiritual and
civic responsibility and economic eff
ficiency," she continued. "The schools
of Montana have upgraded themselves
greatly the past six years under the
self-evaluation program. Over fifty
rural schools have been re-opened in
the past few years with approval of
the County Superintendent and the
State superintendent of Public In
struc tion."
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1956-09-21
Continued From Page Five)

Continued From Page Five)
ments. that only the federal gov
eminent has the means to bring
about complete, multiple-purpose de-
velopment.
Int'l. Vice President Howad en-
couraged the conference in pushing
full speed ahead in the field of poll
teal activity, emphasizing that labor
ing people must come to realize that
such activity is as much part of job
security and advancement as their
union agreements with management.
To do the political job ahead, he
warned will take 'grit, grace and
greenbacksn'
IntI. Secretary Pezatti briefly re-
viewed the financial condition of
IUMM&SW and the need for more
funds in order to speed the major
organizing activities of the inter
national union in many newly-opened
mining operations, particularly in the
"open pit" field.
Billings made pertinent comments
on the need TO a completely unified
labor movement in Montana, in CO.
operation with Farmers Union, if the
state is to progress and the unduly
large influence of major corporate
groups on Montana state government
is to be reduced to a more balanced
He emphasized that sue
cess of any peoples movement in
Montana is in doubt unless full CO.
operation with Mine-Mill and its
10000 members is achieved.
Ernest Salvas, Butte, IUMM&SW
District l board member, is chairman
of the legislative conference. John
Fonk, president of East Helena Smell
termen's Local 72, is secretary-treas-
lrer. Participating locals include the
Butte Miners Union No. 1, Anaconda
Local lit, Great Falls
Local 16, East Helena,
No. 72 land smaller locals at Phillips
ourg, Deer Lodge and Melrose.