davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-22

tween 1920 and 1940-more than
half (57 per cent? of the coun-
try Quoted prices as lower, al
though the number of sales was
the same or higher than year
previous in two-thirds of the
areas.
But homes built before 1920
declined in value in about three
fourths of the Nation.
The survey Of these three cat
egories of houses tells the story
of mobility due to upgrading.
Sometimes called the filtration"
process, it is the brightest and
most promising of all types of
mobility operative in today's
housing market.
Housing mobility clearly means
individual and national prog
ress. In terms of the diversity
of the national housing inven-
tory, the high level of profess
sional services brought to it by
the industry, the helpful nature
of constantly revised facilitating
Government programs and the
greater selectivity of consumers
themselves, the outlook is good
for the continuation of this pro-
gram. The sole problem Of any
magnitude facing the industry
and the consumer today is that
OF adequate funds for financing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-22

correct to assume that some of
the new homes that will be
bought by these moving workers
will be better than those they
leave behind them. Why?
Because it would take a bet
ter and. therefore, higher-paying
job to lure many workers from
one part of the country to an
other; and higher wages are
usually translatable into better
housing.
Despite this reasonable as
sumption, it is probably true
that many of the moves mott
waited by employment opportu-
nifty represent what is known in
the industry as horizontal" mo-
bility-that is. moves in which
the new dwelling is roughly sim
liar to that being vacated.
Shift to Higher Level
For examples of vertical
mobility-moves that represent
a shift to a higher level of hous-
ing comfort-we must look
largely to the other two types of
motivation.
One of these Is the need of a
family for a home more suited to
its requirements. The increasing
birth rate is responsible for most
of these changed requirements.
Today's average family has more
children than the average family
of 1850.
Real estate brokers in all parts
of the country have reported that
this means that the day of the
one-bedroom house is past for
most buyers, that the two-bed-
room house is losing ground to
the one with three sleeping rooms.
But a family's need may De for
a smaller house, in many in
stances. This is the case of those
couples whose children have
grown up and established their
own homes elsewhere. And, to
an increasing degree, it is true OF
elderly people-couples or widow
ers or widows-who still like the
independence Of their own home
but no longer care to maintain
10 rooms.
The most impressive type o.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-22
Family Mobility Seen
As Buoy to Home Sales

of the areas business and service
communities.
/ AS a matter of fact. mobility
has long been an American
characteristic, although its full
significance has been unappreci-
ated since the onward sweep of
the pioneers wiped out the last
physical frontier.
In modern" timeS-taking
100 as the starting point-the
tendency of people to shift about
within a given community at a
rate making suburbs grow faster
than their central city has been
shown by the Scripps Founda-
ton studies made for the Hous-
ing and Home Finance Agency.
And from 1947 to 1851 approx
imately rs million people-about
half the northumberland
their residences. In one year
1949-approximately 81 million
people moved from one home to
another without leaving the
same county, according to an
other HHFA study.
Movement Has Aims
This massive movement Of
families-mostly within the con-
fines of urban areas but some
of transcontinental dimensions
has been termed restless" by
at least one observer.
Restless it may be but, if so,
it is the restless quest of Amer
lea for a better job, a more suit
able or a better home. 1t is a
reflection of the dynamic nature
of our economy and, as such,
it has had and continues to have
a powerful impact on one basic
segment of that economy-the
real estate industry.
/ Because of its Importance, res
lidential mobility deserves further
analysis.
There are literally scores Of
reasons why a family may pull
up residential stakes and strike
out for what appears to it to
be greener pastures. Some of
these reasons may seem capri
cious to the detached observer,
but that is not the point. Prac-
tically speaking. the main point
of mobility is that it has raised
measu,ably the living standard
,of the Nation and. in the course
of doing so, has kept the de-
mand for housing strong and
productive of the best of which
the industry is capable.
Broadly speaking, there are
three distinguished types OF
mobility. Or. to put it another
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-22

way. there are three reasons why
people move: To pursue a new
and better job, to relocate in a
home better adapted to meeting
their needs. and to improve their
Ihousing-upgrading their shelter
Thus, if housing mobility is,
as it has been called. "a gigantic
game of musical chairs" the
music is written in a serious key
and the new "chairs" promise adj
ditional comfort and utility.
Let's take a look at the first
of these motivations for mo-
bility-a new job in another
community.
New Record Set
We all know that in 1855 a new
record was set for the gross ma
tional productive value of all
our goods and services. Con-
tributing to this was an eSti-
mated $50 billion worth Of new
plant construction. This, as We'll
as the expansion Of existing plant
and production, and other fac
tors. accounted for the move OF
"a million of the male workers
in manufacturing out of a total
of 12.1 million.
Will the same mobility trend
in manufacturing workers mold
good for the future? Reliable
estimates would seem to indicate
that such may be the case. For
example, United States business
is now spending almost $39 oil
lion for new plants and equip
ment in 1856, a 80 per cent in
crease over 1855 spending. In
dications are that business plans
a very high level" of similar ex-
penditures for 1857, 1858 and
1859.
All of this, of course, means
not only more activity in the
industrial and commercial real
estate fields. but also stepped-up
activity in the new and existing
house field, as people move from
one place to another to take new
Jobs in new plants and Offices.
Moreover-and this is an ex-
tremely important point from
the standpoint of both citizen
and national welfare-it seems
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-22

mobility of the day, however, in
its significance in the real estate
market, is that for improved liv-
ing conditions.
This. Of course, is a direct re-
Election Of the increased ability
of more consumers to pay and
their keen interest in buying bet
ter housing. About half of the
home buyers today come from
the ranks of renters, for example
Residential property market
surveys of the Division of Re-
search of the National Associa-
ton of Real Estate Boards have
found that this effective con-
sumner demand for improved liv-
ing conditions has underwritten
the market strength for high
quality existing homes since
World War II.
Results of Survey
For example. in the autumn OF
1855 the NAREB survey found
that prices quoted in Sc per cent
OF the Nation for newer, quality
homes were the same or higher
compared to 1854 prices.
For older homes-built be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-22
Level Driveway
Can Double as
Switchboard

A level concrete driveway can
do double duty by serving as a
Switchboard court for the out
door season. Some painted lines
and numbers to mark scoring
areas and a few items Of equip
ment-discs and cues--are all
that 1t takes.
To build an outdoor shuttle
board court on a specially con-
structed concrete slab may cost
as much as $3.50. A second-best is
to use a fiat section of a drive
way.
A regulation size court will
measure about So feet in length,
but if space is lacking the court
can be scaled down. Special
home-size equipment includes
discs and cues about two-thirds
regulation size for use on a shut
fieboard court 80 to IS feet in
length.
The game. incidentally, is
more than 500 years old.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-22
BY CLARENCE NJ. TURLEY
President. National Association Of
Real Estate Boards

The mobility of the American
family-iar greater than is gen.
orally appreciated-is acting to-
day as one of the main factors
In sustaining the strong demand
for houses.
Great emphasis has been
placed on the rate of family for
nation as one of the elements
shaping the character Of the real
estate market, and this force is
certainly a powerful one. But
relatively little attention has
been given to mobility as another
potent element in the demand
for houses.
The effectiveness of mobility
may be illustrated by one fact
in April, 1855, nearly 20 per cent
of the persons year of age and
over living in the United States
had changed homes within the
previous year, according to the
United States Census Bureau.
In 1854, the comparable mo-
bility percentage was 18.6-ap-
preciably under the 1855 rate of
movement. Because the Nation
achieved a higher rate of eco
nomic prosperity in 1855 than
in 1854. this suggests that mo-
bility is related to the activity
and growth of the economy as a
whole.
Situation Striking Here
Mobility is particularly strik-
Ing characteristic of the Wash
tngton real estate market because
Of the continued growth of the
Metropolitan Area and frequent
changes in the personnel of Con-
eress and headquarters of the
armed services.
Indicative of the military
movement in Washington is the
fact that throughout the Nation
married members of the armed
services living with their families
on or near military installations
topped all other groups in mo-
bility. Out of approximately
100000 such servicemen in the
United States. more than half
452, 000-changed homes at least
once in 1855
Also significant in Washington
Is an appreciate exodus and in
gress of top civil servants with
each change in the national adj
ministration and at least a nor
NAL turnover in the personnel
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-22
CENTER FOR FLORIDA DEVELOPMENT

Country Club Lake Wales
Fla which will point for the Indian Lake Estates community being de-
Alderman Washington developer said construction was
according contractor Wade Herrn Lakeland
complete the building
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-15
.SchIosser Marks
.25th Anniversary
OF His Store

Milton H. Schlosser, Wash
ington jeweler, today celebrated
the 25th anniversary of going
into business for himself.
Mr.. Schlosser is a native of
Washington and has a wide
circle of friends in the WASH
ington Board of Trade where he
is active in the Greater National
Capital Committee.
A native Of Washington, he
graduated from Old Business
High School and learned the
Iiewelry business in the firm of
IOppenheim & Shah, Inc. He
started his own business October
is, 1881.
In addition to the main store
Iat 1905 K street NV, his or
ganization has a branch in the
Greenbrier Hotel at White Sui
lphur Springs. w. Va.
On the eve of the 25th ami
versary, the American Gem So
ciety of the United States and
Canada announced the appoint
ment of Mr.. Sehlosser as a GER
titled gemologist and registered
lyeweler Of the society.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-15
YOUR
MONEYS WORTH
Our Household Assets
BY SYLVIA PORTER

Did it ever occur to you that
there's a striking similarity be-
tween the way you, the buyer on
the installment plan, handle your
financial affairs and the way
most industrialists handle the
financial affairs of corporations?
Let's, for illustration, consider
the men who run American Tele-
phone & Telegraph Co.
When they decide to invest"
in new equipment for AT&T
they go to the nations lenders
or investors to raise most of the
money needed to finance the
equipment. They wouldn't dream
Of postponing purchase Of the
goods until AT&T had accumu-
lated enough cash in reserve to
buy them outright. They have
other, more productive uses for
the funds they receive every
week.
This is the way virtually all
businessmen finance investments
In durable equipment, and no
one sees anything wrong about it.
Example Presented
Now let's consider you, a typi-
cal middle-income American with
q job, a family, a house or apart
ment.
When you decide to invest"
in new equipment for your fam
lily, you go to the Nations lenders
TO raise most of the money you
need to finance the equipment
These days. you don't think OF
postponing purchase Of the
equipment until you have ac-
cumulated enough services TO buy
a car or appliances or furnish
ings outright
But while millions Of us have
embraced this financing TECH
nique. many economists see
plenty wrong with it, and they
certainly fret about the scale on
which we have been borrowing
10 buy.
And that brings the question
into focus: What's the differ
ence between a corporation bor-
rowing 10 invest in its durable
equipment and our borrowing to
invest" in our durable equip
ment?
Not nearly as much difference
as those who have been shaking
their heads about our skyrocket-
Ing consumer debts think.
Just in the past decade. con-
sumer debt has increased 500
per cent From SO billion in
l945, consumer debt has climbed
TO more than s37 billion.
This sensational increase is
why so many experts are won
dering whether we've taken on
too much debt. gone overheard.
But as a superb analysis by
the Federal Reserve Bank OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-15

Kansas City hints, instead of
questioning the size of the debts
shouldn't We be considering
what the debts achieved?
Similarity Cited
For just as industry's borrow
ing has permitted industry to
build up vast wealth in durable
goods with a minimum invest
ment of its own funds. so has
our borrowing permitted us to
build up vast wealth in durable
goods with a minimum invest
ment of our own funds.
The Kansas City Bank esti-
mates our holdings of durable
goods have a value of $3.50 bill
lion today. comparable in mag
nitude and similar in purpose
to the investment Of industry in
durable equipment"
Just as industry counts its
durable equipment as assets, Sc
we may count our household
durable goods as assets.
tcopyright 1856. Hall Syndicate. Incl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-15
Gas Association Elects
BOOthby As President

The American Gas Association
at it's 18Th annual convention in
Atlantic City, N. j., today elected
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-15

Jne WaSnlngton-B Baltimore Doule-
ward, between Beltsville and
Muirkirk, Md.
The Gichner firm expects to
occupy the new building about
January /. The company's new
plant will produce truck and
trailer units and steel and alumni
mum and also execute contracts
for the Federal Government. But
the plants at Twenty-fourth and
M streets NV. will continue to
operate at full capacity.
President Henry Gichner said
the new plant will be leased from
the Inter-City Industrial Center.
1t will be of sheet metal con-
struction, supplied by Armco,
200 feet long by 100 feet wide.
1t will contain two 60-foot bays
for assembly line output with
ample storage facilities outside.
Modern machine tools and offices
for engineering and other serv-
ices will be part of the project.
Davis. Wick, Rosengarten of
Washington is the construction
firm. Seward H. Mott Associates,
land planners here. laid out the
acreage for the entire develop
ment project.
Allan G. Stern, official of Inter-
City Industrial Center, said the
entire 41-acre tract will be de-
veloped. giving the Washington
area an important new indus
trial center, close both to WASH
ington and Baltimore. But it
will be outside the strategically
vulnerable centers Of both cities.
officials said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-15
CLARK Is Named
General Manager
For MundeII

Earl r. Clark, jr., formerly
new-car sales manager, has been
named to the new position of
general manager for Mandell
Chevrolet Co.. Inc, President
Florenz Ourisman announced
today. He has been with the
firm II years.
Milton henderson was named
new-car and truck sales mana
ger and Robert v. Tedd was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-15

ground center would exercise
control by taking all this infor-
and making decisions,
instruct or command particular
aircraft to make appropriate
changes in altitude, heading or
speed.
They'll need a pilot to check
the fuel supply, of course.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-15
Clements I axes Job
In Cleveland Store

j. Frank Clements has re-
signed as store manager for
Lansburgh's in Langley Park,
Md. to become personnel di-
rector Of Halle Bros. department
store in Cleveland, Ohio.
Before he took the Langley
Park position, Mr.. Clements was
personnel director for the down.
town store. He was with the
company nine years.
He has been active in many
community organizations, in
GLIDING United Community Serv-
ices.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-15
WINGS & WHEELS
By CHARLES YARBRoUGH

Search for an ideal safety
automobile-one permitting the
occupants to walk away from a
head-on collision at SO miles an
hour-is under way in Buffalo.
The result. in appearance at
least. won't turn Detroit's de-
signers green with envy and an
automobile purist probably will
scott at the contraption, even if
it might mean saving his life.
Cornell AerOnautical LabOra-
tory and Liberty Mutual Insur-
ance Co., have been on a four
year program in crash research.
What theX have produced is an
automobile which looks almost
conventional from the outside.
Inside, the steering wheel has
been eliminated and replaced by
a hydraulic, two-handled, lever
type control system set parallel
to the floor, instead of at an
angle as q steering wheel is.
The steering mechanism is
covered with a chest cushion to
absorb force of chest impact and
distribute it over a wide area.
Beneath this chest pad is a body
restraining U-shaped webbing
yoke which is supported between
cross arms. The yoke unit. chest
pad and steering column is NOV
able; is pulled toward the driver
and locked in position.
The front compartment pas
Isengers are protected by similar
webbing Jokes and pads.
Seats are bucket-type, with
passengers seats thanking the
driver, slightly to the rear and
lower. affording maximum driver
visibility.
Another design innovation is
la single bucket seat facing toI
the rear directly behind the
driver.
To solve the problem of get
ting out. increased seat travel
lis provided. The drivers rear
facing seat can move IL inches;
the passenger seats 20 inches.
Detroit is already on to that one
lin several experimental models.)
Each door consists of two
hinged sections. The result is a |
rearward-moving, outward fold
ing door moving like a single
IacccId dion pleat.
Roll bars strengthen the roof
to take 312 times the weight of
the car.
The windshield has been re-
designed to provide undistorted
visibility. Other safety features: |
Wrap-around front and rear
bumpers, shaped to promote
Iglancing. rather than direct
blows; spring mounting Of bump
erS: an air scoop built into the
roof to minimize possibility of
taking in noxious fumes from
other vehicles; color-coded in
Istrument panel showing a con-
tinuous green light pattern when
the car is functioning normally; |
red when malfunctioning; and
ia large. direct reading speedo-
meter dial.
Members of the House sub
C ON mittee investigating air
crashes and air traffic control
wanted to know what the perfect
control system would be, SO DIR.
c. c. Furnas, Assistant Secretary
OF Defense for Research and
Development, told them:
The pilot would have instan-
taneous and truly exact infor-
nation on his position in space
relative to fixed points on the
ground, his heading and his
speed.
His position, heading and
speed would be known to all
other aircraft in the vicinity. |
At least one ground control CEN
ter would have this same infor-
nation on all aircraft in the
area Of its responsibility. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-15
Ford Names Emerson Planck
To Head Sales Organization

The Ford Motor Co. today an
nounced formation of a sales
organization, headed by Emerson
Planck of Alexandria, Va, for
its new line of cars it plans to
introduce in 1857.
Mr.. Planck becomes sales man.
ager for the Washington Dis
trict of the company's Special
Products Division. Formerly he
was sales manager of Ford Di-
visions Washington District Of
flee. In his new post, he will
have headquarters here. But his
territory will include Maryland
Virginia, eastern North Carolina
and part of West Virginia as
well as the District. He has been
with the company since 1922.
Ford officials explained: "Spe.
cial Products Division currently
is spending more than $3.50 mil
lion in designing and engineer
ing new line of cars, as yet I'M
named. to be marketed through
a separate and independent
dealer organization"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-15

named assistant new-car sales
manager.
The appointments are effec-
tive Immediately. The 30-year-
old auto firm is located at 1900
Nichols avenue Sc,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-15
QUOTATIONS.

NEW YORK. Oct. Is R).-spot nom
ferrous metal prices today: Copper 80
40 cents a pound. Connecticut Valley.
Lead 10 cents a pound, New York. Zinc
l3R cents a pound, East St. Louis. Tin
81 05l2 a pound, New York Foreign
silver 81 cents per troy ounce. New York
Al Pittsburgh, scrap steel No. 1 heavy
was quoted at 5700-5s.00.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-15
'' RI BUSINESS
Gichner Plant First Unit
Of New industrial Center
By WILLIAM A. MILLEN

The first unit of large industrial center in the WASH
ngton Besvie Nd way with construc-
ton Of the Fred S. Gichner Iron Works, Inc, building
This announced today jointly the Gichner firm and
the InterCy Industrial Center Inc developers the site on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-15
FOREIGN EXCHANGE

NEW YORK. Oct. Is R.-ForeiRn
exchange rates follow. Great Britain In
dollars others in cents. (Unchanged
unless otherwise. noted,l
market 25s per cent premium or
lO2 .62la United States cents.
Europe: Great Britain Cpound) SO. 7Sss,
sap 70; 80 day futures 2.7Sh. up -;
futures 2.77h, up IA Belgium (franc)
.005s. up 0eh: France (franc) 1855
Of cent; Germany (Westernl IDeutsche
Italy Qira) .16K Of cent: Portugal
sescudol $50; Sweden (krona) 1884:
Switzerland franc Qree) 1884; Dem
mark tkronel 1880.
Brazil free) 1859; Mexico sol; Vene-
zuela (Bolivar) 30.03.
Far East: Hong Kong dollar 1746.