davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-03

QUARTERMASTER RE-
SEARCH AND DEVELOP
MENT CENTER. Natick. Mass.
- It was wet and bitterly
cold in the high Apennines in
the winter Of 1884.
Soldiers of the Sd, seth.
38th and 45th Divisions spent
days and nights in foxholes
half full Of icy water. Very
soon hospitals around Naples
were filled with frostbite
enthusiastically frostbitten
feet. They were extremely
painful - sometimes perma-
nently so. Often they made
a soldier permanently unit
for combat.
There was little the Army
doctors could do about it. The
men wore CT boots with over
shoes and four or five pairs Of
socks. 1t was of paramount
Importance. the doctors said,
to keep the feet dry-to carry
three or four changes Of socks
and to change three or four
times a day.
This was easier said than
done. Probably orders were
quite generally ignored. Frost
bite cases continued to pour
into Naples.
Here started development of
the cold weather boot and of
the general cold weather uni
form which henceforth will be
standard equipment for men
serving in cold climates or at
high attitudes. 1t will be
standard equipment for the
many Americans who will pass
the next winter in the Ant
arctic. About the same idea
has been adopted for Navy
stratoSphere explorers where
the temperature is constant at
SIS centigrade.
OSS Officers Made Tests
An Office of Strategic
Services officer, Mai. Michael
Slauta, was assigned to the
quartermaster general of the
American forces in Italy, to-
gether with Mai. Robert H.
Bates, q former English pro-
lessor. Their job was to live
on the front lines, testing
Army experimental clothing in
combat and analyzing German
counterparts which might be
captured. During the next
three months on raids behind
the enemy lines, Majs. Slauta
and Bates brought back many
articles of German winter
clothing.
AS a result of these ex-
periences, specifications were
worked out for reoutf1tting
the 7th Army forces which in
vaded Southern France in
1945. Later Maj. Slauta con-
tinued studies of German and
Japanese winter equipment
and tested U. S. Army winter
clothing with troops in Green
land, Baf1in Island, Newfound-
land, Alaska and the Aleutians.
The result Of all this is a
uniform which, with appro-
pirate changes, can be worn in
relative comfort through a
temperature range from so
above to SIS below zero. Even
in the Italian campaign, while
the research still was in it's
infancy, frostbite and trench
foot casualties were cut as
much as rs per cent among
soldiers provided with the ex-
perimental boot.
This boot in its present form
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-03

community. Right now our
streets are hardly safe for
women.
1t is usually wrong to parole
sex offenders. They are almost
sure to repeat. Strange to say,
the same is true of those who
write bad checks and other
wise get money under false
pretenSes. They are bad risks.
Our prisons should be used
mainly for hardened criminals,
and their terms should be
longer to protect the public.
Let us stop using our penal
institutions as revolving doors
for DRINKS. One drunk was
jailed SO times and when last
released he was in worse con-
dition than when first incar-
cerated. Wider use of probation
for the nonhardened type of
offender is far better than
easing up on the granting of
paroles. Easy paroles endanger
the community.
Wilbur La Roe, Jr.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-03
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
An Army Can't Travel Far on Cold Feet
BY THOMAS R. HENRY

consists Of two impermeablO
layers Of rubber between which
are one or two layers Of wool
fleece. Naturally it is somewhat
bulky, but not uncomfortably
so. Only one thin pair Of
socks Is worn. instead Of the
three or four pairs Of heavy
socks required before. The foot
il always mildly wet from it,
own sweat-an apparent con-
tradiction to all previously 90.
copied principles. The very fac
tors that keep out water and
cold also keep them in. Socks
become moist but never. Maj.
Slauta says. moist enough 20
that water can be wrung out.
They will dry In 4 half hour.
Nobody has yet complained Of
a sensation Of cold wetness.
The foot can be submerged
in ice water. Some water nat
urally seeps in. But the heat
Of the foot itself soon warns
this water and the sensation is
that Of walking in q tepid
stream. Some necessary venti-
lation is provided by the
pumping action of the foot
itself.
Some prejudice against the
boot was encountered at first.
due partly to experience Of the
soldiers in wearing conven-
tional rubber boots in civilian
life. These are about the cold
est footwear known on a bitter
cold day, due partly to the ex-
IRENE sweating of the feet.
This is overcome in the insu-
lated boot. There also was a SUI
perstition that wearers of RUB
Der boots went blind.
EskimOs Approved 1t
It was encouraging Maj.
Slauta says. that Alaskan Es-
kimos who heard about the
new footwear were eager to
adopt it in place Of their own
mukluks. hitherto probably
the warmest kind of boot
available.
The entire cold weather uni-
form is being built up upon
much the same principle as
the boot - insulation rather
than thickness per se-adapted
to different parts of the body.
Various articles are tested by
troops in Alaska, at the Ca
madam Army's sub-Arctic sta
ton at Port Churchill in the
Hudson Bay territory, and
in cold chambers at the re-
search center here. Here tenn
perature and wind velocity can
be controlled. Groups Of Is
men at a time are tested for
hours at a time in wind We
locities of 40 miles an hour
and at temperatures as low
as SIS. The men are volun-
teers from troops assigned to
the center from Camp Lee, Va.
Variations are introduced for
different degrees Of humidity.
There is a considerable diff
ference, Mai. Slauta explains,
between the wet cold, such as
was experienced by troops in
Europe, and the dry cold Of
the Arctic and the Antarctic.
Among the clothing articles
originated here is the so-called
"coldbar" Uniform. 1t is made
Of a synthetic material re-
sembling foam rubber. Not
only does it give excellent pro-
lection against cold but the
wearer cannot sink in water.
1t is, however, somewhat bulky
for any soldier on active duty,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-03

say a few kind words for
waspS. Nobody else will.
Wasps have their own lives
to live. and it is q communal
sort of thing, Of the type gain
ing a large foothold around
the world in all sorts OF COM
munities.
The very word community"
spells communism, and It
means that there is something
elemental in the many human
ideas which have emerged
over the centuries In regard
to this subject.
It win by no means do any
good to draw back in horror,
either from the wasp or COM
munism.
We must face them, study
them, try to see the good in
them, wherein they differ from
us, where the good is, in us,
and how we, too. differ.
The wasp is q most enter
tanning little communist.
He does what he does be-
cause it is bred into him over
the millions Of years.
He represents. evidently, q
basic idea. q sort Of natural
thought. That Is where the
power comes in.
The natural weapon Of 4
wasp. as Of q bee or Q yellow
jacket or . hornet, Is the
gtingeroo.
Our common types Of wasps
can sting you repeatedly. one
time after another, 70 make
no mistake about that.
II attacked, O human has a
right to fight back.
II q wasp viii let you alone,
he may be permitted 10 live.
as he is not very harmful Just
by himself. unless he is.
One must modify 1t that
way--"unless he is II he Is,
then he Is a singing devil,
and not TO be monkeyed with.
Mailmen, on duty. can be
expected 10 see little good in
q singing wasp or o biting
dog.
And you can't blame them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-03
Mrs. Butchers Work

To those of us who have
seen the unrelenting pressures
under which Margaret Just
Butcher has worked these
past years, who have seen her
drive herself mercilessly and
relentlessly beyond the call of
duty as a mother, a wife, a
teacher, a member of the Dis
trict Board of Education, a
consultant for the NAACP, a
speaker on many platforms, an
active member Of many organ
izations, and the author Of
1.-THE Negro in American Gull
ture," it is a great grief that
she has done so at such ter
rible cost. That her personal
distress found her unprotected
from the public humiliation
reported in the press is tragic,
indeed. Yet one can but
Sympathize with the equally
tragic inadequacies Of the I'M
tutored and unframed con-
fronted with psychic ills.
In the october 20 issue Of
The Nation, Sarah Patton
Boyle has contributed to the
realm of psychological insight
a most penetrating analysis of
the mental and spiritual suf-
fering Of those who venture
too far from the masS-in this
instance, into that no-man's
land, the combat zone between
the races. Margaret Just
Butcher was born into this
zone and has known the in
classification Of its sorrow with
each step she took to public
eminence. Before the Supreme
Court made it economically
safe and socially acceptable to
favor indignation in WASH
ington. before the Davis
Gerber investigation revealed
the extent to which Negro chill
dren in Washington land
throughout too many Of these
United StateS) have been de-
prived of educational and
cultural opportunity under the
separate-but-never-equal sys-
TEN of racial segregation,
Margaret Just Butcher wept
and fought for our cheated
children. Nor did she fight
for the Negro child alone
no, she fought for all of our
children, for democratic insti-
buttons worthy Of our demo-
cratic professions Of faith. To
those who read Mrs. Boyle's
article, it will come as no sur
prise that DR.. Butcher found
herself in q surrealist no-man's
land where ones foe cannot
be identified by the color Of his
skin nor the guilt-conscience
of q society be separated from
ones own.
Someday q companion piece
may be written to Mrs. Boyle's
article or a chapter added to
the story of THE Negro in
American Culture" that will
tell in depth and in detail how,
in spite Of 300 years in mo-
mans land and the torments
Of untold personal hells. the
Negro woman sucked and pro-
tected her young and out OF
her blood and sinew built an
everlasting monument to an as
yet unrealized democracy. I
pray Margaret just Butcher
will soon be well enough to
write it herself. She has lived
1t.
no.ol.,,. II Gta-apf
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-03
The H-Bomb Reply

Your editorial 1.-THE H-Bomb
Reply" October 25) seems to
have been written on the as
sumption that the President
is above criticism. His state
ment, you say, will have q
persuasive influence on minds
which are not already COM
mitted" on the H-bomb ques-
ton. The argument falls too
much into the realm of opin-
ion to prove one man right
and the other wrong.
If, as you say, the Presi-
dents arguments in their
totality hit powerfully at Mr..
Stevenson and his proposals."
why does Mr.. Eisenhower
claim the support of the Ma
tional Academy of Sciences
when, in fact, he does not
have 1t?
The Genetics Committees
report of the National Acad-
envy of Sciences on the Bio
logical Effects of Atomic Ra-
diation," as printed in the
New York Times of June Is,
1856, does not support the
Presidents statement, and in
several places contradicts it
fatty.
The New York Times head
lined the news article sum-
marlzing the report thus:
Scientists Term Radiation a
Peril to Future of Man"
THE concept of a safe rate
of radiation simply does not
make sense if one is concerned
with the genetic damage to
future generations" says the
report. What counts from
the point of view Of genetic
damage is not the rate; it is
the total accumulated dose to
the reproductive cells Of the
individual from the beginning
of his life up to the time the
child is conceived" This
means that when the Presi-
dent says that the radiation
from all weapons tests, and
from continuing tests at the
same rate, would be only a
small fraction Of the exposure
that individuals receive from
natural sources and from
medical X-rays during their
lives he is making a compare
son which what he calls 1.-THE
most authoritative Judgment"
forbids him to make.
Speaking Of the possibility
that increased and prolonged
radiation might so raise the
death rate and so lower the
birth rate that the population
as a whole would decline and
eventually perish" the report
says: I'VE are at present ex-
tremely uncertain as to the
level Of this fatal threshold
for a human population. This
is one reason why we must be
cautious about increasing the
total amount Of radiation to
which the entire population is
exposed" 1t must be en-
phasized that what is called
dangerous is not the increase
of the rate but the increase Of
the total amount. The con-
tinuance Of radiation. even at q
lesser rate, increases the total
amount Of radiation and there
fore is dangerous. Yet the
President says that the most
sober and responsible scien-
tific judgment" is that "the
continuance Of the present
rate of H-bomb testing does
not imperil the health Of
humanity"
ola 49,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-03

O. Is Robert w. Service,
author Of Yukon ballads. stu
living?-P. d.
A. Yes. Service, born about
1874. has lived In France for
more than 40 years. His home
Is on the Riviera.
q. How old was the orches-
ira conductor. Bruno Walter,
when he started his career7--
Y. Y.
A. He made his conducting
debut at 10. 1t the Cologne
Opera IN Germany.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-03
LETTERS TO TIE STAR

Pen names may be used u
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
sdtion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-03
Questions and Answers

BY THE HAsKIN SERVICE
4 feaaef ean SCI ~ ansNef 70 any
iactual question ~ writing ms
Evening star fnfoTmatioD bureau,
BIC pI..ss ls.i m ss ssnis is1 -.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-11-07
Lodge ~ Seek Heaves
Book At Dues SIackers

Cleveland, Ohio - AS the
secretary of CF'U Lodge SO,
I have repeatedly asked the
young members to pay their
dues on time. l have been at
the Croatian Home every
Monday and Friday evening,
and ! have called many on
the phone and reminded them
about their duty. None of this
has done any good.
If you Intentionally wish to
disregard your own protec-
ton, don't blame the secreta-
ry if you find your name on
the reserve or suspension list.
This little reminder goes
out to the older members too.
We wish to have you all paid
up at the next meeting, which
will be held on Nov. 18 at 1:30
PM. In the future, l will also
be collecting dues at the
Home on Thursday evenings
(instead of Monday and Fri
day. from 7::3O to 1000 PM.
George Maljevac, Sec'y.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-11-07
Chi Choir VIII
Sponsor Funniest

CHICAGO, ILL. - T h e
Croatian Singing Society go
ra" will sponsor a st. Nicho-
las Dance Saturday, Dec. 1,
at the Sokol Hall, 1908 So.
Racine Ave.
A wonderful program is be-
ing planned for the occasion
and dancing to the music of
the "Ruza" Tamburitza Or
chestra will highlight the late
hours. Santa Claus will also
turn out that night with gifts
for many of our friends.
Croatian goodies, including
strudel, will be provided and a
variety of refreshments await
your pleasure.
Regular meetings of "Zora"
are held every Friady at 800
pm. in the Hall at 1908 So.
Racine. You are always well
come to drop in and join the
group. Sylvia Slamar, Pub.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-11-07
Chicagoans Get
Soloist di zaqreb

CHICAGO, III. - George
Marchan, widely known Chi
cago radio hour entrepreneur,
will sponsor the appearance
here Wednesday, Nov. 81, of
the internationally f m e d
"Soloist di zagreb."
Direct from Yugoslavia, the
group will perform in Chica-
60 Sokol Hall, 2337-45 South
Kedzie Ave. Curtain, $3.50
pm. Reservations may be
made by calling Hilltop 5-5D25
or by contracting Mr.. Marchan
at 10050 So. Oakley Ave.
"Soloist di. zagreb" have
performed in Vienna, Paris,
London, Rotterdam, The
Hague, Stuttgart and other
European centers. They are at
present making their first
tour of the United States and
Canada.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-11-07
MINUTES OF THE SUPREME BOARD
Continued From Page 10)

toward "od line insurance and departure from the ra-
ditions of fraternal life services and protection.
Brother Bazdarich also spoke against adoption of
such options He urged that the CFU continue operate
along the fratena lines has pursued since it's
in nslng greater pride for the Society in it's younger
members of today Brother Bazdarch also felt that any de-
csion pertaining to the adoption of such options should be
given to the membership at large for vote. --
Brother Krasich agreed that the offering of such op
tons would be "a radical STEP but that he agreeable
them IN the onerat,ons Of The Soce Rrobe Krasinh
ed whether be made mandatory that 80 must
be paid monthly into the Soceys funds when such options
offered.
Brother Krasich felt that the mandatory payment of
the 80 cents would be along the rarna line and thus
give the option holder member all rights the Lodge and
to seek election Delegate to the Soceys Conventions
He also felt that every Board member should speak out
on this question.
Brother disa greed that the adoption of such OPP
tons would harm the Society and pointed out that the CFU
must be modernzed' if its membership campaigns of the
future are successful pointed Lodge
some members already paying dues in a lump
with payments balance which helps his Lodge
meet its monthly assessments.
Brother Verbos said he wasn't enthusiastic about these
options but agreed that this Board must face the facts
and eventually do something about the matter.
Brother Grasha said he would agree to delay adoption
of this idea view of the fact that the CFU has been
crossing steadily for the past number of the result
of it's successful membership campaigns
Brothers Bazdaric, Majetic and Skrtich agreed that
the payments of 80 cents should be made mandatory such
options are adopted brother replied that the
Executive Board has always favored such payment for
many good reasons.
Sister Nksic said that members Of her Lodge
willing to pay their dues quarterly and semannual
basis they could get discount for paying far in adj
Brother Bella replied that this cannot be done under
the present system in practice in Lodges.
Still other questions asked regarding the options
in the Secretary report before the chair asked for notion
Brother Verbos then moved brother Kovacevch second
ng that authority be given the Executive Beard work out
|if possible with the Actuary Single Premium Payment
Plan for both the Adult and Junior Order Departments of
the Society," with any such Plan to include the payment of
Lodge dues and payments of 80 cents into other CFU funds
Agreed, with only dissenting vote voiced against
the motion
With this the Supreme secretarys recommendations
were exhausted
Brother Vranes next moved and brother Mkan second
ed that brother Beas report to the Supreme Board be ap
proved rendered Unanimously agreed.
The chair recessed the meetings at this point for un-
cheon
Stephen T. Brkich
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-11-07
First Fall Dance For
Sfrossmayer kolo Club

YOUNGSTOWN - Th e
Strossmayer Kolo Group will
hold their first Dance of the
Fall Season on Saturday, No
vember II, at the Croatian
Home, 1912 w. Federal st.
1t is most encouraging to
the kolo youngsters to see the
hall filled to capacity, so do
come to witness how much
they have accomplished in
their dancing. Very recently
they did a wonderful job
dancing for the Writers
Club" of Youngstown and for
the international Institute.
No admission will be charged
for the dance.
Commencing at 6 PM, the
same day, Spaghetti Supper
will be served at a very nom-
inal charge. There will also be
the usual "hot dog" sand
wiches, goodies for the kid
dies and other refreshments.
Stella Toplek, Sec'y.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-11-07
zeig|er Members
TO Sponsor Tans

ZEIGLER, - CFU Lodge
452 will sponsor a Concert on
Saturday, November II, fea-
turing the Duquesne Univer-
sity Tamburitzans.
The concert will be staged
at the Zeigler, ILL.,, Commu-
nifty High School, beginning
at 7:3O PM. From 10 PM un-
til 3 AM, the Tammies will
also furnish entertainment at
the Eagle Club.
Admission to the Concert
will be $1.00 for adults and
$50 for children under IL.
We, the members of Lodge
452, are very happy to host
the Tammies in their 18th
Concert here and recommend
that our many members and
friends witness their perfor-
nance.
We also invite you to tune
in to their radio program,
which will be broadcast over
static W.F.R.X., from 400 to
4:30 PM, the same day.
Joe Povich, Sec'y.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-11-07
Johnstown Manager In
Blast At Delinquents

JOHNSTOWN, Pa. - The
dues of all Nest 4 members
must be kept paid up to date
or the children will be drop
ped from the rolls of the or
ganization.
The undersigned is at the
Croatian Home every Sun
day for the purpose of &C.
cepting Nest dues, so please
do not resort to an "alibi" re-
garding payments of Nest
dues. For the sake of your
children, keep their protection
ever in proper order.
John Mandrgoc, Mgr.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-11-07
Etna Nominations To
Be In Order Nov. II

ETNA, Pa. - All members
of CFU Lodge 4 are request
ed to attend the next regular
monthly meeting on Sunday,
Nov. II, at 2 pm. at the Gro
attain Home, SO Grant Avenue,
Etna, Pa. ...
It is vitality important that
every member be in attend
ance, since nominations for
1857 officers are in order and
many issues of future impor-
tance must be discussed. Re-
member: Your Lodge is only
as good as you choose to
make it.
Let this also serve as a fl
nal reminder to those who are
in arrears in the payment of
their dues. Please see to it
that your obligations are met
during the meeting of Nov.11.
Joseph Rukavina, Sec'y.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-11-07
Uniontown Youngsters
Assured Holiday Treat

UniontOwn, Pa. - At the
regular monthly meeting this
month, it was decided that
once again the members of
CFU Nest 80 would receive
a Christmas Treat. More de-
tails concerning the date and
time of the party will appear
in the "Zee" at a future date.
All parents who received
letters from me, concerning
their children's dues, are ask
ed to attend to this matter.
1t is for the good of your
children. Being that another
year is reaching it's end, I
would like to clean up my
book of back dues.
So let's cooperate. With
your help, 1 can clean up my
book of back dues and will
not have to suspend anyone.
We now have 212 members,
which is a very nice standing
for such a small town as ours.
We can keep it that way if
we all remember to meet our
responsibilities.
Catherine M. Francis, Mgr.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-11-07

the tamburza koo and gee club of South Chicago which
is under the supervision of Nest No. 242
$500 to the American Bowling Congress for year
subscription to their bowling magazine for Sports
Director.
$1288 to the Ricci Studio of Youngstown for photos
taken of the 1856 CF.U. softball tournament.
$1,000 to lodge &c Sports Committee for official umpire
services at the C.F.U. softbal tourney
$1230 to Nest No. 282 for reimbursement Of Junior
10 pin bowlers
$S4o to Nest II for reimbursement Of Junior 10 pin
bowlers. q, -s.~~t
$500 appropriation to Lodge for the 1855 softbal
season.
$500 appropriation to Lodge 1914 for the 1856 softba
season. r
$500 appropriation to Lodge 354 for the 1856 soft
ball 3~.
$500 appropriation to Lodge 856 for the 1856 soft
ball
$8712 to the US.F and G. for renewal of insur-
ance policy on the contents at the Home Office.
There being further business to discuss, the meeting
was adjourned.
Joseph Bella, Supreme Secretary