davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-20
ADVERTISEMENT.

Icessfully will find this plan simple
and easy to follow.
Miss Marina Rogers will be at
the Vita Food Store at $40 18th
Street NV. from February 13 to
Us and will explain her plan.
Anyone who brings this clipping
will receive free the 50-page Holly
wood Star Diet Book with Ideal
Weight Charts for men and
women, and q list of $50 foods
with calorie content, and . To-day
diet Of 1000 Galleries per day that
viii take weight off like magic.
No charge for consultation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-20
Burqes for Tourists

John James. an artist. now OPP
crates two barges for tourists
on the canals Of Puddington
Basin in the area known as Lon
don's little Venice.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-20

Mount Washington in the White
Mountain Range.
The ravine Is shaped like a
Arizona sun., 1956-05-24
AGAIN?

EDITORS NOTE: u,., lnhao,v
following editorial reprint from Bear Tracks M hGenk si
College written student we nLk
this article growing attitude and opinion OF me
should be "heralded from Cne
tt is s;ch Youngsters as this writer must
save America and rest of the world. -
May Is will the sophomore qaLce
held at Colonial of the Westward H9 ho
The affair is sophomore treasury ACCORDING TO
personnel Westward Ho that establishment doeS no.
narv public Accommodations
presence to parties Dances ETC. The money
the sophomore rental paid by all students at regSao
time.
Considering Bear Tracks previous statement on such
heartily condemn the spending
of for rental of places which dscrnna'e
at timeo religious grounds
The damage this We not crying poyco
involved in the seecon OF the
Westward this with anything more serious han an
oversight. wondering
We are wondering long such Oversights are going
tn he made How longa we going student money
tn firms passvey support social injustice!
Are we going to value superficial of plush
nights dance above the princple OF human
dignity? =, :
worthy OF much commentator
Student written policy elm
nantne the paid places praccing racial ano-o
religious discrimination.
Arizona sun., 1956-05-24
THE NEGRO VOTE And The
1856 ELECTION
BY Tom Kerry

Every four years the Negro
vote becomes an object of intense
concern to the capitalist po-
liticians who head the Demo-
cratic and Republican parties.
In between national preSiden-
tial elections they view the "Ne-
gro question" as a sectional
problem. But due to the great
migration from the South to
industrial areas of the North
and West, the Negro vote has
become an important factor in
national politics. In a number
of key states the Negro vote
constitutes a balance of power.
In a close election it can be
decisive. It is this fact that has
kept the capitalist politicians
awake nights figuring how to
garner the Negro vote-by hook
or crook.
Since 1886 a majority of the
Negro voters in the North and
West supported the Democrats.
They constituted an important
part of the Labor Democrats in
power for 20 years. In their
majority they voted for Steven
son against Eisenhower in 1852.
It is not so much that they
retained many illusions about
the Demo- -Dixiecrat party but
hoped through their alliance
with the labor movement to
wiring from the Democrats sig
nificant concessions in the fight
for civil rights. These hopes
have been repeatedly dashed
against the hard realty - the
role of the Demo Dixiecrat
party as the political bulwark
of the Jim Crow system.
The recent primaries disclos-
ed a marked shift in the Negro
vote The nationwide mass
protest meetings around the
lynch-murder of Emmett Till,
the Autherine Lucy case, the
Montgomery bus protest move
ment. were characterized by
Arizona sun., 1956-05-24
The Negro Struggle

explosive resentment against
the political party directly res
ponsible fer the outrageS. Adam
Clayton Powell, a sensitive ba-
rometer of the mood of the Ne
gro people, even went so far
as to threaten the formation
of a Third Party" Roy Wilkins,
head of the NAACP, was in
discreet enough to tell a mass
meeting that it may be neces-
sary to support the unknown
witch against the known devil"
an application of the theory
of the lesser evil" to the current
political scene.
Encouraged by these develop
'ments by Eisenhower admins
tration began making dem
agogic gestures in the direction
of introducing civil rights legis-
lation. political competition
for the Negro vote is mount
ing" notes the magazine Busi-
ness Week, authoritative SpokeS
man for Big Business. "The Re-
publican goal is to break the
Democratic hold on Negro votes
in the industrial areas. The
COP is concentrating on get
ting influential Negroes, such
as ministers and civic leaders,
to switch their registration"
The two-party system is a
political shellgame. You can't
win for losing. Big Business
controls both parties. From the
end of the civil war through
1882 the Negroes in their ma
jority voted Republican. For
most of the period the Repub-
licans were the majority party.
Northern capital joined with
the Southern plantocracy to
keep the Negro in bondage. 1t
is no different today.
Arizona sun., 1956-05-24
ARIZONA SUN
ARIZONA PROGRESS NOTED

First quarter retail sales in
13 C4 The states ii counties
were up over the corresponding
period in 1855, the sharp in
crease in manufacturing activ-
ity is bringing with it an equal
ly notable climb in total nom
agricultural employment, an d
military activity in Arizona has
virtually assumed the status of
a new industry"
These three headlines throw
a significant spotlight on the
contents of the current issue of
Arizona Progress monthly buSi-
ness review published by the
Valley National Banks research
department.
Retail sales during the first
three months of 1856 totaled
1915 million-a 9.4 per cent in
crease over the 1854 total. Ev-
cry county except Graham rang
up a "plus" sign in totaling it's
January through March cash
register receipts.
Arizona sun., 1956-05-24
DOBBS ON TOUR

Upon his return from Mont
komery following the recent
trial of the leaders of the Mont
gomery improvement Associa-
ton, DobbS addressed mass
meetings in a number of mid
western cities calling for ma
terial aid to the bus protest
movement. The response from
Chicago and Detroit are di-
rect result of that appeal. In
the latter city the Station Wag-.
ons to Montgomery Committee
was set up at a meeting of the
Detroit Friday Night Socialist
Forum, 3737 Woodward Ave-,
which conducts regular weekly
meetings each Friday.
Material aid coming into
Montgomery from all parts of
the United States has greatly
boosted the morale of the entire
Negro community of $4,000 free
dom fighters. The truth of this
was demonstrated again at a
mass meeting held in the Holt
st. Baptist Church on April 80.
There were people from a num-
ber of states who spoke at the
meeting to assure the Mont
gomery Negro community that
they were not in this fight
alone. To show they meant
business they brought a little
something along to back up
their talk.
One of the speakers, the Rev.
Wright, came from New Jersey
with $500 from the people of
that state. He spoke out force
fully against those who think
Arizona sun., 1956-05-24
CHICAGO AND DETROIT AID
MONTGOMERY CAR POOL

MONTGOMERY Two repre-
SentativeS of the Chicago Sta
tion Wagons to Montgomery
Committee, arrived here last
week with a car and SITS in
cash, for delivery to the Mont
gomery improvement ASSocia-
ton which is conducting the
bus protest movement now near
ing it's sixth month. Kenton
Sanders, treasurer of the Chi
cago committee, turned the car
and money over to the MIA.
The money was collected in
Chicago on street corner and
plant gates from workers who
voluntarily made their contri-
buttons as an expression of sup
port to the heroic Montgomery
freedom fighters.
From Detroit comes word
that workers in that city have
raised enough money to finance
the purchase of a station wagon
to augment the Montgomery
car pool. A representative of the
Detroit Station Wagons to Mont
gomery Committee, is making
delivery of the station wagon
on behalf of the workers of
Detroit. Both of the above
nomed committees were set up
after hearing an eyewitness
report by Socialist Workers
Party presidential candidate,
Farrell DobbS.
Arizona sun., 1956-05-24

We haven't all had the good
fortune to be ladies; we have
not all been generals, or poets
or statesmen; but when the
toast works down to the babies
we stand on common ground
for we've all been babies.-Mark
Twain.
Arizona sun., 1956-05-24

they can lntlm1date and fright
en- the Negro people into aban-
h6ning their fight for equal
rights. "We are not running
anymore" he declared I am
sick and tired, he said, of hear
ing the spurious complaint that
'northerners" and "subverSives''
are coming to Montgomery to
stir up the innocent Negro peo-
pie. The racists would like moth
ing better than to isolate each
struggle the better to destroy
it. They are not going to get
away with it.
The day following the mass
meeting at the Holt ST. Baptist
Church was election day in
Montgomery. The Montgomery
improvement Association had
conducted a vigorous campaign
to get the Negro community to
register and vote. It did this
in the midst of the bus protest
action. The need for political ac-
ton was emphasized at the masSA
meeting. The struggle for equal
ity, it was pointed out, was eS-
sentially political struggle.
The political character of the
conflict was highlighted in the
recent developments of the bus
protest fight. Following the re-
cent Supreme Court verdict on
a South Carolina bus segrega-
tion case, the National City,
Lines, operators of the Mont
gomery bus lines, notified its
drivers not to enforce the local.
segregation laws. The city au-o
thoritieS Immediately interven-
ed and threatened anyone vio-
lating the local Jim Grow stat
utes with arrest and impriSon-
ment. If there was any doubt
before about the political char
acter of the fight it was remov-
ed by the truculent interven-
ton of the city officials.
But the question arose i'm
mediately about whom to vote
for. All the candidates were 4
Jim Crow practitioners. Most
were members and practically
oil supporters of the White Cit
liens Councils. On what basis
was the choice to be made?
While some counSeled voting on
the basis of "the lesser evil,'
one prominent leader summed
up the attitude of the more
militant section: IT could not
vote for any of them and still
live with my conscience, they
all stand for the same thing.
So if I voted would be voting :
for what I am fighting against"
Arizona sun., 1956-05-24
D. c. NEGROES SUPPORT
STEVENSON

Returns from the primary
election held in the District of
Columbia indicate that Wash
ington Negroes gave strong
backing to Adlai E. Stevenson
in his bid for the Democratic
Presidential nomination
The victorious Stevenson slate
was headed by four prominent
Negroes: DR.. Margaret Just
Butcher of Howard University
and the Board of Education of
Washington; Attorney Belford
v. Lawson, Jr.. longtime NAACP
advocate; Mrs. Todd Duncan,
wife of the internationally
famed singer, and Edmund Will
liamS, local businessman.
The two-to-one Stevenson vic
tory threw another road-block
in the path of the Presidential
aspirations of Sen. Kefauver and
added six delegate votes to the
Stevenson column at the De-
mocratic National Convention.
The Kefauver defeat was con-
Sidered by many to be especial
ly strong given the fact that
his national campaign man
ager, F. "Jiggs" DOnahue lost
in his bid for a delegate seat
at the Chicago August Conven-
ton as well as his bid for the
Democratic National Committee
man from the District of Co.
lumbia.
Stevenson's success in the
election was attributed to his
stand on civil rights and his
advocacy of home-rule and the
franchise for District citizens.
In addition to DR.. Butcher, At
torney Lawson, Mrs. Duncan,
and Mr.. Williams, Mrs. Frank
lin Delano Roosevelt campaign
ed extensively for Governor
Stevenson in the area.
The Washington election
marked a continuing trend of
Negro support for Stevenson
throughout the country. Earl
ier this year, Stevenson carried
the Negro area in st. Paul, Min
neSota by 2-to-1 and was VIC
torius on Chicago's southside by
a 350-to-1 margin. Stevenson
has scored similar victories in
the predominantly Negro Sec
tionS of Philadelphia, Pittsburgh,
and the northeastern New Jer-
sey region during recent pri-
marieS.
The District of Columbia pri-
mary was the first formal cleo
ton held in the nations capital
since the turn of the century.
Arizona sun., 1956-05-24

One is not much the better
for a lively mind unless it be
an accurate one. A clok's perfec-
ton is not it's pace but it's re-
gularity.-VauvenargueS.
Arizona sun., 1956-05-24

Great men are like meteorS,
which shine and consume them
selves to enlighten the earth
Napoleon Bonaparte.
Arizona sun., 1956-05-24

Blessed be he who expects
nothing, for he shall never be
disappointed.
Arizona sun., 1956-05-24

If the world were good for
nothing else, it is a fine subject
for speculation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-20

lions show an inferior quality OF
concrete. crumbling and subject
to erosion.
Holmes and Harver engineers
devised a mix using sea water.
crushed coral and beach sand
that compares favorably with
some of the best concrete at
home.
This bomb test series Is just
getting underway, so statistics
are lacking. But records for the
1852 Operation Ivy series give q
hint of what it takes to build and
operate an atomic proving
ground. 4.500 miles from home.
/ In that operation, rs million
gallons of fresh water was pro.
vided by distillation of sea water,
a million meals were served,
100000 board feet of lumber
was used; 10000 sacks of &C.
ment and 1.776 tons of rein
forcing steel went into the prof.
ect.
/ During the operation At
scientific stations were con-
structed on 81 islands in the
IatollS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-20
Atomic Proving Ground
Has No parking Signs

islands of the two atolls, where
nuclear shots are conducted, are
smaller landing strips, used by
light liaison planes and helicop-
tiers on inter-island and inter-
atoll trips.
Out on the test islands are
massive concrete bunkers. shot
towers. instrument towers, cabs
for containing bombs to be ex-
Iploded at ground level and facili-
ties for instrument photography
A large amount of the con-
Istruction is of permanent nature
housing for military and civil
Ian personnel. shops. hangers
utility systems, distillation plants
for producing fresh water from
the sea.
Primary contracting firm for
lall the construction is the firm
Iof Holmes and Narver, Inc, OF
Los Angeles.
Since 1948, when the Govern
ment reopened the mid-Pacif1c
nuclear weapons proving ground
Holmes and Narver have de-
signed and constructed more
than Is million worth of perma-
nent improvements and many
millions more in test structures
The number of civilian work
ers employed varies.
For this series, Operation Red
wing, about 2,700 persons are in
the atollS.
The contracting firm encoun-
tered some new and tough prob
LENS when it prepared to build
1.-THE atoll towns.
Out here there is sand--but nj
conventional rock and no flowing
streams of fresh water for mix.
+ ing concrete.
Remains of Japanese fortifica'
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-20
By ELTON c. FAY

ENIWETOK ISLAND, May 19
up. - The Atomic Age has
brought many changes to the
twin atoll proving grounds OF
IEniweok and Bikini.
Ten years ago, in the first post
war atomic test called Operation
Crossroads, the islands were
much as they had been after
World War II, with only a rudi-
mentary airstrip and some build
lings on Eniwetok.
Today Eniwetok is the Little
lLaguardia Airport" of the the
northern Marshalls. Buildings
hangers, fuel tanks, communica-
ton facilities--all the odds and
ends that make up military
Iairfield-are packed out to the
waters edge. Down through the
middle of the island is the g.
I000-foot runway.
Paved street, stop signs and nc
parking signs make it just an
other busy American town.
In smaller scale. the conditions
Iare repeated at Enyu Island. in
Bikini atoll, the main airport fol
that area.
Scattered among the smaller
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-20

This is the 18th Of series Of article:
bosed on Mr.. Donovon's book, "Eisen-
hower-The Inside Story" behind
the-scenes account Of the odministru.
zion to be published in June b.
Hopper & Brothers.
that they intended to cooperate
In settling differences.
BY the spring of 1855, Moscow
had signed an Austrian peace
treaty, which was a deed. Ard
the people of the Western world
yearning for peace, were bring
pressure for a summit confer
ing pressure for a summit con-
ference.
So the talks were set. and the
President and the State Depart
ment started preparations. Mel
son Rockefeller. adviser on psy-
Geological strategy, headed a
panel of Government and out
side experts to study various dis
armament possibilities, and the
group held it's meetings at the
Marine Base at Quantico. Va.
European Opinion Studied
The Quantico panel studied
opinion trends in Europe. Sur
veyS showed strong feeling fol
banning nuclear weapons, in
creasing indifference to NATO
ana lack of enthusiasm for con
tinuance of American bases il
Europe. This was serious, TO.
American military oower rest
heavily on atomic weapons ant
overseas bases from which to de
liver them. The Quantico pane
considered how the United State
could retain its nuclear powe
but still make clear to all that it
purpose was peace. Cropping TO
such a formula, the panel hi
upon the idea of the President
breathing new and dramatic lif,
,linto old plans for inspection.
The Quantico report went t,
/, the President on June 10. bu
he still had not reached a firm
decision when he went to Genev;
in July. While the opening
speeches were being made at tn,
/. conference, a swirl of activit.
was going on behind the scene
, of the American delegation abou
, the prospective disarmament pro
, posals. Also in Paris, where MI
Eisenhower had stationed Nelson
!, Rockefeller. Admiral Radforo
/ Deputy Secretary of Defense An
derson and Harold E. Stasser
his assistant for disarmament.
; Admiral Radford had becom
enthusiastic about the open
skies plan; Mr. Anderson toe
: They and Mr.. Rockefeller tele
graphed Mr.. Eisenhower an
, Secretary Dulles, urging them t
: seize the initiative with it. TIL
, President preached the plan t
Prime Minister Eden. VIII
warmed to it Immediately.
Stassen Makes Draft
e Late Wednesday Afternoon
t the third day of the Genev
G nFarauce Mr. EiSenhowe
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-20

trotted out an old soviet pro-
posal, but at least it had the
appeal of being specific. The
Soviet Union and China and the
United States would each be
limited to no more than 100000
men under arms; Britain and
France to $4,000 men each.
President Eisenhower began
what seemed to be a routine
speech. Not a great deal was
expected of it. Around the hol-
low square of tables were Mr.
Bulganin and Communist Party
Chief Nilsiton, Khrushchev,
Prime Minister Eden, Premier
Faure of France
Lays Aside Glasses
Halfway through his speech
the President suddenly took off
his glasses, laid them on the
table, turned to Mr.. Bulganin
and Mr.. Khrushchev, and spoke
earnestly, without referring to
notes.
ST should address myself fol
a moment" he said. principally
to the delegates from the Soviet
Union, because our two grea,
countries admittedly possess new
and terrible weapons in quaint
ties . I propose. therefore, thai
we take practical step Il
give each other a complete blue
print of our military establish
ments to provide within oul
countries facilities for aeria
photography to the other coun'
try to convince the worlt
that we are providing as between
ourselves against the possibility
of great surprise attack. thu
lessening danger and relaxing
tension"
AS the President paused fol
the translation. thunder crashed
across Lake Geneva and TIT
electricity went off.
IT didn't mean to turn thu
lights out" he said with a laugh
in the gloom.
Last Minute Decision
Thus, dramatically and unex'
pectedly. Mr.. Eisenhower'S open
skies" plan was presented to thu
world. 1t was the single mos
dramatic proposal made at tn,
Geneva summit conference ant
one that still lives on in activ,
negotiation. Yet the PreSiden
had gone to Geneva with no Ger
tam intention Of introducing il
His decision was made at tn
last minute.
In fact, Mr.. Eisenhower hat
been slow to accept the idea o
holding any heads-of-state con
ference, at all. The idea hat
been in the air ever since ne be
came President. He had hel,
off, mindful of sorry conse
quences of earlier meetings sue
as Yalta. The President inSiste
that before he would meet tn
Soviet leaders, he must at leas
have an indication by their deed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-20

called a meeting at his residence,
the l5-room chateau placed at
his disposal by the wife of the
Swiss perfume maker. Andre
Firmenich. BY that time the
Paris group had joined the adj
visers in Geneva. After two hours
agreement was reached on the
presentation of the disarmament
problem. with the President per-
sonally deciding to make the
open-skies proposal. Mr.. Stasser
drafted the general statemens
but Mr.. Eisenhower himself wrote
out detailed notes on aeria'
inspection.
The question was left unde-
cided whether the President
would include the open-skies
plan in his opening statement ir
the disarmament discussion next
day or save it until after the first
round of discussion, by which
time Mr.. Bulganin would have
made his speech.
1t was not until Mr.. Eisen-
hover actually had begun his
Opening statement at the con-
ference table next morning that
he made up his mind to offer il
then and there. The reaction wa:
electrifying. One of the one.
Ithe-spot comments came from
Premier Faure of France:
II wish," he said, "the people
of the world could have been in
this conference room to hear the
voice of a man speaking from
great military experience. Had
this been possible. they would
believe that something hao
Ichanged in the world in the
Handling Of this question of dis
armament. ! am sure this con.
ference has scored its first vic.
tory over skepticism."
Russians Silent
The Soviet delegation haC
!. nothing to say. After Geneva
. however, Moscow showed a will
Iingness to consider it. AS fal
Jas inspection was concerned
however. the Russians were in
. clined to lay emphasis on sta
; ltioning ground inspection team
in each country at control point
such as air fields, rail terminal
| land ports. The United State
, Offered to combine that idea witt
: aerial inspection. Moscow asket
! about the right to photograph
: Overseas bases. The Unitel
! States had no objection to that
; the countries in which the base
, lay were willing.
Failure to agree on ground
, sky inspection arrangements wa
the principal cause of the break
up Of the f1ve-nation U. N. dis
armament talks (the Big Fou
: plus Canada) which were held il
: London this spring and were ad
journed in disagreement on Ma,
5 4. Another factor was the ques
ton of limiting armed forces t,
: rs million for the United State
and Russia and placing compar
] ative ceilings on other majo
!, powers. The idea of force-levelS
: proposed by the Soviet Unior
!. was acceptable to the Unite,
States. But the United State
E placed emphasis on obtaining
reliable inspection system first
}. and also on the necessity O
progress toward political agree
J ments on matters such as Ger
. man and Korean unity.
The five nations in the Londo,
: talks referred the subject bac
to the United Nations. Harold F
Stassen, special Representative
on disarmament for PreSider
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-20
'CeyIon Chief to Moscow

COLOMBO. Ceylon. May 10
R.-Ceylon's new Prime Minis
ter, Solomon Bandaranaike. has
accepted an invitation to visit
Russia as a guest Of the Soviet
government. He plans to 60
after the budget debate in July.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-20

Eisenhower said: IF you con-
slider that the gap (between East
and West) was nine miles wide
Ion March /. when we came to
London. then / would say we
have narrowed it by four miles
The remaining five miles will be
very difficult to narrow. -"
Copyright 1856, N. Y. Herald Tribune
Inc.
Tomorrow: Administration hondline o
IMid-Eost crisis.