davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-23

be summed up as follows: Accord
ing to the Indian independence Act
Of 1947, rulers Of princely states
could acceed to India or Pakistan
provided their state had q Com
tiguous border with that country.
The Kashmir ruler, Maharaja Hari
Singh, acceeded to India and India
accepted the accession, as Kash-
Mrs territory adjoined India.
This accession was perfectly correct
from all constitutional and legal
angles. Thus, Kashmir became
part Of Indian territory.
Against this, Pakistan was guilty
of legal irregularity when it &C
cepted accession Of the West India
states Of Junagadh, Manavdar,
Mangrol and Bahriwad, as none Of
them had q contiguous border"
with Pakistan.
midas contention is that by In
vading Kashmir. q part Of India,
Pakistan has committed agrees
sion. This contention has been up
held by the q. N. Commission also.
Plebiscite Offered
AS a mark of large-heartedness,
India offered a plebiscite to enable
the Kashmiris decide their future
as they liked. But this offer was
conditioned by several factors. Ac-
cording to the commissions resolu-
ton Of August Is. 1913. first, Paki-
stan was to withdraw all her forces
from Kashmir and then India was
to pull out the bulk Of her forces"
before q plebiscite could take place.
India was clearly given the right
TO keep some troops for protecting
Kashmir.
Pakistan has not withdrawn its
troops 50 far, though eight years
have elapsed. India waited for
three years but Pakistan made no
approach for a settlement. India
could not wait indefinitely.
The Kashmir government decided
to convene a constituent assembly
and India did not want to stand
in the way. This assembly has now
drawn UP the states constitution
and reaffirmed the states Access
sion TO India as ''irrevocable."
India stood by its pledge Of plebis-
cite until American military aid to
Pakistan introduced "a new factor"
II the Kashmir question Is again
brought before the Security Coun-
ell. Mr.. Nehru has explained, I'VE
shall have to go back TO the ABC
OF the problem and ask the Council
TO examine the issue Of aggression
before anything"
Hindu Migration
Continued exodus Of Hindus from
East Pakistan Is another disturb
ing factor between India and Paki-
stan. About 10000 Hindus are MI
grating to India every month, as
they feel no sense OF security
political. social or economic. So
far $500 900 Hindus from East
PakiStan have sought shelter IN
India.
As counter propaganda 70 this
migration. PAkistan speaks Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-23
The PokistonIndio Disputes Bitterness and Knoy Problems
AN INDIAN REPORTS
SORE SPOT IN ASIA
BY NARANJAN SINGH UPPAL

BY NARANJAN SINGH UPPAL
NEW DELHI.-Indians are dis
mayed that relations between In
dia and Pakistan have deteriorated
considerably in recent weeks.
Pakistan Prime Minister sub
rawardy has declared that india
as a whole has not accepted PAX
istan's existence" and that "there
Is danger from India" to Paki-
STAINS safety and territorial in
tegrity. Pakistan Foreign Minister
Noon has accused India of "ani-
mostly" Pakistan Moslem League
President Nishtar has announced
""Pakistan'S only enemy is India"
A slogan commonly shouted in
Pakistan is: "Smilingly we got
Pakistan; by fighting we will take
Hindustan Qndia)."
Indian observers say Pakistan
leaders are raising the Indian DOGGY
merely to divert their peoples at
tention from the innumerable diff
hculties and grievances they have
ut home.
Indian Prime Minister Nehru
thinks this Pakistan propaganda
"a prelude possibly to some
little trouble. as usually It is timed
That way" Referring to Pakistan
fear OF attack from India, he has
said: Anything more remote from
reality cannot imagine in this
wide world" He has emphatically
declared: II will not go to war
with Pakistan unless we are at
tackled and We have to defend
ourselves"
Defense Comparison
India is spending only 1876 per-
cent OF its budget on defense,
while Pakistan devotes more than
70 percent Of its budget to its
armed forces.
Indians wish well to Pakistan.
No Indian hopes or works for an
nulling the Partition. Mr.. Nehru
has clearly declared that "only a
fool or lunatic could indulge in adj
ventures OF this kind" "The
slightest reversion Of Partition" he
added. would be highly injurious.
certainly 70 India"
To assure Pakistan OF It's con-
ttnued goodwill, India offered sew
eral years ago that the two coun-
tries sign q no-war declaration and
settle all disputes by peaceful
negotiations. Pakistan has not ae-
cepted this offer 50 far. India also
offered free flow OF trade and
abolition Of the visa system, but
Pakistan did not agree 70 II.
kushmir--SoFe Point
Kashmir Is the soreSt point be-
tween the two countries. Pakistan
claims It because the majority OF
is population Is MoSlem. On the
other hand. Mr.. Suhrawardy de-
clared In Dacca recently that the
'two-nation theory has become
meaningless after the establish
ment Of Pakistan.s TINS shows .
cIear-cut contradiction In Pakis-
tan's stand
midas position on Kashmir can
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-23

wholesale determination, genocide
and expulsion Of Indian MoSlems."
There are still 40 million MoslemS
living happily In India. Rather,
nearly 1000 Pakistan Moslems APP
piled this year for permanent resi-
dence in India while another
100000 made verbal inquiries at
Indian missions In Pakistan.
Pakistan's support Of Portuguese
colonial rule in India has also
caused serious distress to many In
dams. Mr.. Suhrawardy declared a
few months ago that india has no
right Of any kind to Goa" and that
latter direct observation ] have
not found the slightest colonialism
IN Goa"
There are other minor disputes.
One concerns division Of the waters
Of the Raw, Bias and Sutlej rivers
which flow through India into
Pakistan. An ad hoe agreement
has been reached while q perma-
nent solution is being sought
through the World Bank.
Despite all this. the common man
in India and Pakistan is gradually
forgetting the bitterness Of parti-
ton and the maSsacres which fol-
lowed 1t. This was in evidence
last year when Pakistanis lavishly
entertained Indians who went to
Lahore to witness the cricket test
match there. This hospitality was
returned manifold by Indians when
Pakistanis came later In tens of
thousands to see q match in
Amritsar.
II this feeling is allowed to grow,
future Indo-Pakistan amity is
assured.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-23
Kill the FiIibuster

. The American principle Of ma
jority rule becomes a mockery when
one Senator, or a handful, can
thwart the will Of most Americans
as expressed by majority of their
Senators. 1t gives a minority the
veto power over q majority.
. Filibusters prevent the Senate
from operating efficiently. This be-
comes most noticeable when, be-
cause Of a f1libuster, stack Of
House-passed legislation, much Of
it vital, is kept waiting at the
Senate door.
. All State legislatures in this
country and the parliamentary
bodies Of most other countries limit
debate. and they do SO without
trampling the rights Of their
minority members.
. Unlimited debate permits one
Senator to hold up needed APP
preparations or other necessary
legislation in order to extort from
the other Senators favorable action
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-23

was giving up his own Christmas
so that he could brief the pas
sengers on the coming flight and
calm their fears Of air travel.
At Bermuda, MATS people and
their wives had put on a private
clothing drive, that filled two large
rooms with good warm clothing.
Some Of it was brand-new, bought
just to give to the refugees. A
planeload stopping there would ar
rive ragged and rumpled and leave
looking neat and warm.
One 16-year-old Hungarian girl
got back on the plane in new skirt,
sweater, bobby sox and loafers,
looking like an American teen-ager.
Planes were coming into Ber-
muda all night long. but there was
always q group Of wives and MATS
men to help in the Americanization
process.
Used to Big Jobs
MATS is used to unusual jobs.
1t handled the Berlin airlift, flies
service families all over the world,
hauls freight and highest ranking
Government officials.
It's the worlds biggest airline,
operating $4,000 miles of regularly
scheduled routes. MATS sends a
plane across the Atlantic or Pacific
on an average Of once every AZ
minutes. About 100000 Air Force
and $500 Navy men and women
run the line.
It has its own passenger and
freight terminals. hangers, ground
equipment. and SO on.
The Hungarian airlift is a hui
manitarian effort. but it also Is
necessary training for MATS crews.
Their prime mission, of course, is
to be ready to airlift military units
in time Of war. It Is considered es-
sential that they carry real passen-
gers on real flights to keep in train
ing for that D-Day mission.
Thus the refugees benefit and so
does MATS. And each seems highly
pleased with the other.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-23
BY DAVID KOONCE

Sometime after 1906, when the
United Senate Senate adopted the
principle of unlimited debate, it be-
came known as 1.-THE greatest delib-
erative body in the world" No
where was the art of careful, courte-
ous-and interminable -parliamen-
Ntary discussion more highly de-
veloped.
It wasn't long, however, before
q purpose other than argument and
enlightenment was found for the
Senate's unfettered deliberations.
That purpose was to prevent action
on legislative proposals which were
certain to pass If debate stopped
and a vote was taken. This type Of
debate became known as the fill
buster and it was first used by an
organized Senate minority in 1841.
Since that time. there have been
many attempts to kill the filibuster.
A new one is promised early in the
session which begins next week by
six Senators who have hopes of
passing civil rights legislation,
heretofore talked to death by
Southern Senators. They hope to
accomplish their purpose by chang
ing the Senate's rules. Under Rule
XXI, a two-thirds majority of all
So Senators is required to invoke
cloture. thus shutting of debate
and forcing vote. However, under
the existing Interpretation of the
rule, unlimited debate is possible on
a motion to change the rules.
The six Senators are talking about
a move to limit debate by vote of a
majority of those voting.
Over the years. it generally has
been the liberals who have sought
to kill the filibuster, for that device
has doomed much social legislation.
On occasion, however, the liberals
themselves have resorted to it. The
southerners, of course, have stead
tasty fought against any limitation
Of debate.
Usually. the argument for or
against the f1libuster is colored by
the issue at hand, the proposal that
is being blocked. But there is q
division among political scientists
on the basic question Of whether
or not the filibuster belongs in our
democratic structure.
Here are the arguments of those
who say,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-23

progress can be made in settling
the outstanding questions in the
Middle East and Hungary"
'Moior Achievement
Reviewing the work of the AS
sembly thus far, Prince Wan termed
the cease-fire in Egypt "the major
achievement to date" The AS
sembly had also created a favor
able atmosphere" for negotiating
final solutions to the many prob
lens of the Middle East, he said.
Prince Wan has been presiding
over an Assembly which has seen
historic events unfolding with a
sweep and rapidity unprecedented
in any Of the previous ten annual
sessions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-23
ABOUT THESE ARTICLES

When the vast subcontnent of India attained Common
wealth status in 1947 it divided along religious lines
into two independent nations India pedominatey Hindu
elected to become republic did Paan predominately
MoSlem. Both remained in the British Commonwealth.
Serious difficulties Immediately developed Pakistan by
the terms Of the separation agreement divided nation
West Pasan south Of Aghanstans border is separated
from East Pasan by thousands of miles Also the verdan
valleys of Kamr lie between West Pakstan and Tibet north
Of independent India. And in Kashmr and Jammu the
headwaters Of the major rivers which the agricultural
economy Of West Pa1istan is wholly dependent.
Kashmr today is claimed by both India and Pakstan
The United Nations has established peacekeepng commits
sion there, pending settlement Meanwhile the dispute
between the Pakstanis and Indians continues Of
the most serious internal tensions in the AfoAsan
The Star asked the authors Of these articles TO state the
facts in the dispute by Indian and Pastani
Mr. Uppal is newspapeman and freeance writer in New
Delhi Mr. Beg who wrote his article during visit TO the
West Pakistan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-23
MercyAirIift
tsYuIeSpirit
Put to Work
BY RICHARD FRYKLUND

The airline passenger, dressed in
q shabby coat, ski pants and work
shoes, asked the stewardess in halt
ing English II he might say some
thing to her. She smiled assent.
81 want to thank you on behalf
Of the other passengers for the
wonderful meal you served" he
said. 1T was so big. And so many
things.
Tin fact" he added earnestly, III
we wrote to our friends and rela-
taves in Hungary and told them
about that meal they would think
III just propaganda"
1T was an extraordinary meal
the first American food the Hum
garian escapes had ever eaten
and 1t was served under extraordi-
nary circumstances.
THE pretty stewardess was an
airman second class in the Ameri-
can Air Force. The comfortable
airliner was owned and operated
by the worlds largest airline: The
Defense Departments Military Air
Transport Service. And the Sc pas
sengers were being flown away from
their Russian-conquered homeland
toward safe haven in America.
ThriIling First Ride
The Hungarians were amazed
and excited by the operation. For
virtually all Of them it was their
flrst airplane ride, and although
the very fact they were in the plane
represented personal tragedy for
each. they could still be thrilled.
They were most impressed by the
luxury Of the trip and the tender
personal attentions Of the Air Force
crew. The Hungarians had known
they were going on q military
plane. and they had expected Spar
tan accommodations. But though
MATS does have some bucket-seat
stripped-down planes, the refugees
were given some Of services regu-
lar airliners-comparable to COM
mercial tourist-class planes.
Plush seats that tipped back, in
dividual reading lights and the
neat, tiny restroom were all won
derful things to the refugees.
The crew let the passengers play
with all the gadgets. In fact, the
crew gave these ragged refugees
service no commercial airline pas
senger or regular MATS passenger
has ever seen. For instance, in adj
dition to two stewardesses, this
plane had master sergeant acting
as steward. M/Sergt. Gordon c.
Haynes ordinarily is supply SER
geant for a MATS maintenance
squadron, but he happened to be
coming back to the United States
from Germany and he volunteered
to bounce babies, serve lunches and
cheer up Hungarians on the fight.
NiIitoy Monicurist
Stewardess Dottie Beard was
thereby freed for other personal
attention to the passengers. The
whole plane watched with amuse-
ment while Dottie gave a manicure
To a 5-year-old blond charmer
among the refugees and then
walked through the plane with the
little girl. who wanted to show OF
her coral-colored fingernails.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-23

on a costly and unneeded project
for his own State.
. Filibusters have delayed for q
half century social legislation
passed by the House and desired by
most Americans.
. Filibustering brings the Senate
into disrepute not only at home,
but in other nations whose peo-
pie begin to question democracy
when they see the tyranny Of sheer
lungpower.
One Of democracy's great polit-
ical scientists, Woodrow Wilson,
believed that unlimited debate in
the Senate was one of the softest
spots in our system of Government.
When he came into Office, it was
impossible to invoke cloture even
with the support Of two-thirds Of
the Senate.
He had this to say after filibus-
ter had prevented the arming Of
merchant ships in 1917:
1.-THE Senate of the United States
is the only legislative body in the
world which cannot act when its
majority is ready for action. A little
group Of wilful men. representing
no opinion but their own, have
rendered the great Government Of
the United States helpless and con-
temptible. =. The only remedy is
that the rules of the Senate shall be
so altered that it can act"
The late Senator Thomas Walsh
Of Montana put the antifilibuster
argument succinctly when he said:
To delay justice is to deny Justice"
He added that ITO maintain that a
rule has any virtue under which one
man may, by his physical prowess
alone. defeat a vote is to invite
calamity unspeakable and expose
the Senate to the well-deserved
contempt of mankind"
Opponents of unlimited debate
point out the many times the privi-
lege has been abused. They mention
the Huey Long fllibuster Of 1885.
when the late Louisiana Senator
spent long hours comparing the
merits Of various recipes for pot
likker."
All these arguments are not
enough. say some, to justify pro-
hibition against unlimited debate
by majority cloture. Here are the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-23
BY SIDNEY WISE

UNITED NATIONS. N. Y.-The
"Crisis Assembly" began a ten-day
Christmas recess today after seven
Of the most dramatic and impor-
tant weeks in the stormy life Of
the United Nations.
When it reconvenes on January
3. the donation General Assembly
will still be faced with many crucial
world issues and war-threatening
situations.
However. the Assembly President.
Prince Wan Waithayakon, of Thai
land, in a special statement to The
Star said: II am optimistic about
chances for peace and hopeful that
after the Christmas recess real
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-23

lood Of Hungarian refugees. This story
is the result Of thot experience.
Lunch was the big event. It was
a typical airline cold lunch, but it
contained marvellous things for
most Of the Hungarians. One ex-
amined the tiny cup Of mayonnaise
and tasted it gingerly. Then he
smiled broadly and gulped down
the whole cup.
Another unwrapped q candy bar
and then looked carefully at the
candy and the piece of cardboard
it rested on. He bit delicately first
on the cardboard and then on the
candy. His mind made up. he threw
away the cardboard and munched
happily on the candy.
Not all first experiences with
American food were happy ones.
During one stop on the fight the
passengers were taken to an Air
Force mess hall where one Hun
garian was seen eating q breakfast
of fried eggs Smothered in maple
sirup. He wasn't enjoying it, but
his expression showed that he was
determined to eat this crazy Amer
lean food anyhow.
It was at that mess hall incident
ally when one refugee apologized
for not eating all the food given
him. TITS just too much" he said.
I'VE aren't used to having all this
rich food. 1t could make us sick to
eat it ALL"
Down-to-D Duty
In the air and on the ground
MATS people worked all hours to
make the trip pleasant. In Munich
where the flights started, MiSergt.
John A. Zalanka was working from
dawn to midnight every day inter-
preting for the Hungarians. Sergt.
Zalanka had learned Hungarian
from his immigrant parents and he
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-23
Keep the FiIibuster

answers Of those who want to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-23

Mr. FTklund. Europson correspondent Of
The Stor, recently returned for brief
stay in the United Stotes with pIone-
Iood Of Hungarian refugees. This story
is the result Of thot experience.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-16
Naval Academy to Expand
Onto Severn River Fill

over as academy superintendent
last March. Before reporting
here he visited West Point and
the new Air Force Academy to
compare physical facilities.
Comparative Areas Cited
There are less than 400 acres
in the immediate academy area
within our boundaries" he said.
West Point has $4,000 acres in
its reservation. The Air Force
Academy site has 27.300 acres.
I'VE have completely made
quate living quarters for mid
shipmen. Where the Air Force
Academy has only two men per
room, we have as many as four
and five in many rooms.
"Our classrooms are small
and crowded and we urgently
need another academic building
"Our athletic fields are made
quate. The Air Force Academy
has athletic fields planned 70
give 202 square yards per man,
West Point has $50 square yards
per man. We have 70 square
wards per man."
Also high on his priority list
is an auditorium capable Of
seating 5000 persons. The acad-
Iemy presently doesn't have one
where it can assemble more than
two classes Of midshipmen at q
time.
All of these projects are in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-16

what Admiral smedberg calls
the "superintendent's five-yeai
PLAN" a list Of urgent needs
which the academy has been try
ing to meet over the years with
only moderate success.
The most urgent Of these Is
the expansion Of Bancroft Hall,
the worlds largest dormitory
Built to house $500 midshipmen,
II will have $500 crowded into
1t this fall.
Fill to Relieve Pressure
The landfill, requested in l94e
but not approved until the 1856
session of Congress, will pave the
way. The project calls for re-
moval of 2la million cubic yards
of dirt from the bottom Of the
Severn River to fill in a new
academy border ranging up to
200 yards into the river.
Bancroft Hall will not actually
expand onto this. but the Ill will
enable jutting two wings OF the
big dormitory onto Farragut
Field, presently used for drills
and athletics--two important
subjects in a military curriculum
Farragut Field will be moved to
the new land I'LL.
Roughly one-third of the main
section Of the school is situated
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-16

ANNAPOLIS, Sept. is R.--
The Naval Academy. which has
long been afflicted with growing
pains. is ready to take another
step into the Severn River.
Starting next February, it will
fill in enough land to add CO.'S
acres to the present academy
grounds at a cost Of SIS million.
This will be the fourth major
landfilI since 1893 and will near
ly equal all previous ones COM
bined.
The new landfill, to be COM
pleted in 1859, will make room
for construction Of two more
wings on Bancroft Hall, the mid
shipman dormitory; a barracks
for enlisted men now crowded
aboard a temporary station ship,
and expansion Of CONSTRUCTED
recreation and drill fields.
In addition, plans are afoot for
l new football stadium to be
constructed outside academy
grounds within the next two
wears. It viii replace Thompson
Stadium. now taking up six
acres of land inside academy
walls.
These moves will relieve the
1cademy's congestion but will
not cure it.
We are hemmed in on all
Sides" says Rear Admiral Will
liam R. Smedberg III, who took
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-16

ION land which was formerly part
of the Severn and It's tributaries.
AS long as the Navy maintains
a large force. the academy win
need to graduate 900 to 800 off,
GERS a year as permanent career
men, the admiral says.
This brings UP another subject
high on his list Of expansion
aims: A modern jet airfield rea-
sonably close to the academy.
II am convinced that a Naval
Academy airfield is a must If we
are to give our future officers,
proper training for duty in q
modern navy" Admiral Smed-
berg says.
He plans to continue fighting
despite congressional setbacks
and local opposition this year to
plans to build an airfield in the
Davidsonville area. II miles west
of Annapolis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-16
Cycling Father, Son
Meet in Heudon Crush

CARLISLE, Pa, Sept. is (Pl,
"A motorcyclist looking for his
father also on a motorcycle, met
him today-headon.
The father, Roger Marley,
SO, and his son, William, 20. were
out for a ride on a small rural
road near here. Roger dropped
behind. William swung around
to look for him and they crashed
headon in the middle of a small
bridge.