davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-01

program would be In the form of
loans. The overall eventual cost
seemed to be pretty much Of an
educated estimate" at this stage.
officials indicated that the
monetary size Of the. loan and
grant authority enyisioned in
the new bill could not accurately
be determined from the 1855 bill.
Estimates at that time exceeded
81 billion, Of which only about
$500 million would have been in
grants for a three-year span.
Caution Urged
One official added a word Of
caution yesterday in advising
school authorities and the gen.
eral public mot to expect too
much" in financial OUTLAWS for
Federal aid In view Of the budget
situation. He emphasized also
that the program will apply
only to construction of public
schools and not expansion of
other educational facilities or
teachers pay.
Apparently mindful Of the
storm that broke over the 1856
bill which some education groups
az well as members Of Congress
attacked as too little and too
tight. Secretary Folsom insists
that the problem is complicated
enough without being argued in
all or nothing" terms. He told
the White House Conference on
Education last month that too
many people are merely saying
they are for or against Federal
aid as such.
The basic aim of the admins
tration program. he declared
there and subsequently, Is Fed
eral assistance and cooperation
to help States and communities
help themselves in coping with
an increasingly acute and dan
gerous shortage Of school class
rooms.
To Stimulate Efforts
Federal aid to schools, he is
convinced, should be distributed
strictly in accordance with need
and without interference in the
independence Of schools. The
basic principle he has expressed
to his associates and others
closely concerned with the school
shortage problem was summed
up this way at a recent news
conference:
Anything we do In the de-
partment should stimulate in
creased efforts for States and
localities. and not diminish their
efforts We can't accomplish
anything in the way of building
classrooms If the money we give
is simply deducted from what
the State and localities do them
selves :. and from what they
are already getting. But how
you put that in formula and
work 1t out is not so easy"
Colleagues Of Mr.. Folsom say
he Is confident that a broader
and fairer formula of Federal
help to stimulate additional
school building is contained in
the program. Whether Congress
will take it or any such legisla-
ton this year is a major question
that depends on many factors
other than Mr., Folsom's argu-
ments. Those difficulties will be
noted in another story In The
Star tomorrow.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-01
THE FEDERAL SPOTLIGHT
U. S. Employees Await
Action on Vital Bills
BY JOSEPH YOUNG

The 1856 promises be evenfu
employees.
AS Congress returns Tuesday the attention Government
employees becomes centered Capitol Hill where
some important legislation affecting them pending.
The two major Federal employe this appear
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-01

WEATHER BUREAU FORECAST-snow is forecast for to-
day the Eastern Great Lakes higher elevations OF the
Northeast and Northern Plateau Rain expected along
the Northern Pacific Coast Temperatures will show a
trend from the Southern Plains through the Lower
Mississippi Ohio and Tennessee Valeys-AP Wirephoto
Map
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-01
HELP FOR OUR SCHOOLS
Federal School Bill
Asks Bigger Grants
By ROBERT X. WALSH

The administrations aid proposal to Congress this
month will money grants and less restrictive loans
to States communities build additional classroom
Some provisions understood to differ materially from
plan unsuccessfuy submitted last One deals
especially school districts unable to issue bonds
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-01

You can't vote in the Dis
trict il you don't register. Now
Is the time TO qualify. Regis
tration headquarters on ground
floor of the District Building.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-01

DAILY READINGS-The extreme values and normal
daily values for each day Of January shown The
extreme values are based on records from 1871 to
1855; normal values based on the period 1921 to
l950-Charts by United States Weather Bureau
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-01
READERS GUIDE
Sunday. January /. 1855
sEcIIoNA

SECTION A.
General News, Finance.
Lost, Found. As
Obituary. A-8
Educational. A-9
Financial. A.10-11
SECTION B.
Editorials. Society.
Editorial Features. Bill
Editorials. BE-
Society News. B-5-9
Readers Clearing House. B-7
Science Calendar. Bio
SECTION c.
Sports. Classified.
Sports. CHA
Classified. C-5-12
SECTION D.
ADJUSTMENTS, Features.
ADJUSTMENTS. D-1-3
Recordings. D-4. 3
Music. D-4
RADIO Teleyision. D-5-7
Art. Do
Crossword. DIS
Camera. DIS
Bridge, D.S
Book Reviews. Do
stamps. DIS
Garden. Resorts, Travel. D-10
Today's edition also includes:
The Sunday Star Magazine.
I16 pages Of pictures and stories
featuring "All Quiet on Capitol
Hill. Until Tuesday. That Is"
This Week. a l6-page maya
zine featuring What Americans
Think 1t Takes to Make the Per-
feet President"
A 10-page section Of comics.
A 24-page Woodward and
Lothrop tabloid on house furn-
Iishings.
A 16-page Kann's tabloid on q
January White Sale.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-01

Wind - Westerly 1920 miles
per hour. Good visibility.
River Report
rrom u. 3. Engineersl
Potomac River clear ut HArpers Fefry
and clear at Great Falls: Shenandoah
clear at Harpers Ferry.
Temperatures fer Yesterday
tReadines Washington National Airport
Midnight 1900 "a Noon -------- 81
am. ------ % pm. ------ ~
Record Temperatures This Year
Highest. ps. on July &c. August ..
Lowest, 10, on February 3.
Hish and Lev Of Last ~ Heur
High. 80. at ago pm.
Low. 80, at b:06 am.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-01

JANUARY TEMPERATURES
Chart shows the extreme monthly
values and the average monthly
values for each January from 1925
10 1855.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-01

This Is the first Of two articles dis
eussins one Of the most controversial
issues the new session Of Congress will
face-FederoI cid to education.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-09-18

the fact that Kentucky's Consfitu-
ton forbids declaration of martial
law prevents us from seeing the
herd.ng of citizens behind barbed
wire
Editor Casman stated the situa-
ton Tor his town well as We said
before We suggest that he add to
his blame4ist of sensational news
papers and heavily armed soldiers
the following nine names-t h
names OF Islan who wrote this revo-
lutionary Law without benefit Of Con-
gress or che Legislature Of Ken
lucky:
Earl Warren of California
Hugo L. Black of Alabama
Stanley Eerman Reed OF Kentucky
Felix Frankfurter Of Massachu-
sets.
William Orville Douglas of Con
nectlcut I
Harold lIitz Burton of Ohio.
/ Thomas C. Clark of Texas
Sherna Minton of Indiana
John Marshall Harlan of New
! York.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-09-18
Double Check

Recuperating under doctors
orders, it looks to me that in this
mans admlniS.ra ton we are faced
with shortage of everything ex-
cept politicians, Even bankruptcy
Is on the upgrade.
When the Republican party
leaders heard about Adlai talking
at cost of S280.O00 they got
saturated. never realized that we
Democrats always get balanced
somehow 10000 plates at $4,000
each plumb demolished the Gen
erals Down on the lowgrounds"
opening speech, in jeep with the
fringe on top. And his stand
against 'get-rich quick" farmer
plan that he should tell to G. M.
The only time the Republicans
get liberal is when they run onto
big corporations or shut out
Democrats.
It's not hard to see that Adlai
and "Kef" have the generals busy
that includes General Motors and
General Confusion" They hide
behind a mask of Harry Truman
while letting Dewey and Dick do
their dirty work, two that the
even the COP are way down in
trusting.
Why argue about where Ike was
born. I'm willing to settle for Bug
Iussie SO long as it is in Texas
The Democrats may never an
other Maine. and the Republicans
don't want one.
Ihank for your cards. letters
and visits, and thanks for read
ing
j. MARVIN BROWN
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-09-18
Editorial from Jacksonville Kx.l Messenger
Memo To Sturgis Editor Calman: Add
Nine Names To Your Blame-List

aided and abetted in this usurpation
of power and abrogation Of states
rights by the sad fact that the aver
age man doesn't know what is hap
pening to him until he is slapped
in the face with a machine gun or
dealt a rnllsket blow over the head.
The Supreme Court of the United
States when it usurped the rights
Of the states to control the education
OF our youth, could have foreseen-
had it not been intrigued with the
applause from left-wing intellect
uals in publishing office. pulpit and
.un;Versi.y-that bayonets and barb
ed wire would have to be resorted
to il the decree of May II. 1854 and
May 81, 1855 were to be enforced
We have seen, in our own neighbor-
hood. the use of bayonets. and only
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-09-18

par for payment Of estate taxes.
This means Pne should not pay
more than pAr for them. Remem-
Der. however. that the interest re-
ceived from Government bonds is
subject to federal income taxes,
Corporate Bonds
for Insurance Companies
The difference in yields between
hieh-grade corporate and Govern
lnent bonds in given maturity is
now relatively small. However,
question whether even insurance
companies should buy so heavily IN
to the corporate field as into Gov
ernments. Unlike the individual in
weston who maintains a balanced
fund Of bonds and stocks, insurance
companies. particularly life COM
panies. must spread maturities and
include some long-term bonds, in
GLIDING AAA utilities and rails. Col
leges. hospitals. and funds not SUBJ
ject to taxation can well consider
good corporate bonds. However l
think such buyers should put more
of their bond funds into utilities and
ipdustrials than into rails
The average investor to whom
yield is important would be JUST
fled in putting a small part of his
bond funds into medium grade util-
ity and industrial issues On long
term issues of such bonds. he can
now obtain a yield of about 3.75 per
cent on rails. 359 per cent on in
dustrials. and 1862 per cent on utili-
ties. But at these yields, I prefer
nontaxable bonds, such as munich
pals shnd high-grade revenue issues
for those who are in the high tax
brackets and who do not worry
about marketability.
| | would recommend that pur-
chaSeS of medium-grade corporation
bonds be confined to first mortgage
issues. Medium grade bonds are in
flrenced in price movement by
what happens in the stock market
In no case should the average in
weston place any of his funds in
tended as nest egg for later pur-
chase OF stocks in other than short
term high grade issues, even though
he NAV have to make some sacri-
| flee of yield.
Convertible Bonds
Ordinarily. | like to recommend
convertible bonds to my readers
but in view of uncertainties in the
stock market it is questionable
whether very many purchases in
this field should be made now
Again recommend to individuals
good shortterm tax exmpt bonds.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-09-18

ernment bonds showing any sus-
tanned strength. After the elections
the money managers may have to
fight higher prices by again slightly
tightening credit terms and raising
money rates. l assume that bank
ers-vho are mostly Republicans
do not object to higher money rates.
| would caution the average In.
weston against buying long-term
Government binds With any thought
Of profits As with other bond
groups. l urge investors to confipe
the major portion of their pur-
chases to intermediate and short
term Government issues Only for
death-tax purposes should one build
. backlog Of those long-t Treas
ury issues which are always worth
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-09-18
Babson Discusses

is Babson Park. Mass. Sept. 6. Re
Gently monetary authorities, have
iIghtened their controls again.
bringing about further decline in
bond prices l forecast that these
anthoritieS-so long as business re-
mains goodwill maintain a firm
rein on credit The trend for bond
prices has been down for 20 months.
That is the primary reason why
have advised and still advise the
average investor to buy only short
maturity bonds.
Bonds Will Again Become Popular
Investor interest in bonds has in
creased somewhat in recent weeks
as uncertainties have crept into the
outlook tor common stock prices
and as yields from the most popu-
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-09-18
Letters To Editor
Power of Love
Overc0mes Fear

Editor of Herald:
In October. l949. Alan Patton of
the Union Of South Africa gave a
talk in this country. l should like
to pass on to the good people of
FaImvllle and Prince Edward one
paragraph thereof as quoted by
Lewis Gannett in his introduction
to Patton: Cry, The Beloved Coun-
try. page six.
1t is my own belief that the
only power which can resist the
power Of fear is the power of
love. It's weak thing and a ten
der thing; men despise and de-
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-09-18
Bonds And Interest Rates

lar common stocks have become
quite low These stocks could be
particularly vulnerable in any i'm
portant market correction. pre-
dict that investor interest in bonds
Will grow.
AS l view the monetary and bust
ness situation this fall l foresee q
continued weak bond market. The
monetary authorities viii have to
contend with possible upward price
pressure arising out of the steel
wage settlement: but nothing radi-
cal will be done until after the cleo
TORS in November. Certainly, moth
ing win be done before then to harm
business.
Gssegameul Dools
Do not count on long-term Gov
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-09-18

In tne growing mountain OF COM /
ment, printed and spoken, about the !
school situation IN neighboring Stur- |
gis and Clay, where a veritable |
army is on duty by direction of the /
Governor Of Kentucky. the comment
of on-the-spot Editor E c. Calman
of THE Sturgis News" stands out
as exceedingly sensible.
Mr.. Caln,an. in a statement which
showed lot Of moderation, con
sidering the great smear which has
been perpetrated against the tw o
Western Kentucky town, charged
that newspapers from ne ar ~
states. plus the troops sent to the
scene. were responsible for the stu
alton that developed when nine Ne
/ gro students attempted to attend
CLASSES, at all-White Sturgis High
School.
This statement checks with
number of others which have come
out Of the Sturgis opposition to the
race mix in the public schools de-
creed by the United States Supreme
Court on Mayrf7 1854. and clarified
by the court on May 81 1885 1t
checks with reports that Mayor
Holman OF Sturgis and his advisors
in the school problem had worked
out, with the nine Negroes involved.
a settlement which would have TAX
en- care Of the situation. at least
for year
Reports from Sturgis say that
close upon the heels of the agree
ment came radio and teleVlSlon re-
ports that troops and tanks were on
the way The agreement which had
been reached blew up, when it APP
peared that bayonets would escort
the nine Negroes TO class. and
crisis was precipitated- crisis
which bids fair to grow worse.
rather than 10 improve
| It is no wonder that Editor Cal
man and Mayor j B. Holeman are
bitter about the sensational news
papers which did as much to TO-
ment the trouble as did the troops
II is no wonder that in Claimants
words:
SturgiS residents feel deeply
ashamed, and feel that the situ-
alton that has arisen was I'M
called for and unmerited "
The troops came uninvited and
mOieSted, threatened and intim-
dated the people with tanks and
bayOnets. The people went wild,
and ! believe anyone would.
Responsible for situation which
took control o. education out of the
hands of local authorities and vested
it IN the federal government is the
Supreme Court Of the United States
ride it. But I look for the day
when in South Africa We shall
realize that the only lasting and
worthwhile solution of our grave
and profound problems lies not in
the use Of power. but in that un-
derstanding and compassion
without which human life is an
intolerable bondage condemning
US All to an existence of violence.
misery and fear.
Cordially yours,
c. G. GORDON MOSS
Farmville Va
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-09-18

invention-the tank-was first used The
British gains were so good and unexpected,
they were not properly followed up, and
the great victory was mostly missed
There was a day in 1862, when Gen
eral Robert E. Lees army marched to-
ward Pennsylvania inside Maryland,
headed for the major cities of the Union
Union forces, with captured plans of Lees
marching directives, met the Confederates
at Antietam, Maryland and very bloody
battle resulted. Lees advance was stopped,
and it was the next year, 1868, that he made
his second and last bid to invade the North,
which was checked at Gettysburg, Pennsyl-
vania.
Back in 1885 fellow waited in a hall
way for the Kingfish, on September 8th
and when Huey Long approached, he shot
him dead, ending sensational and danger
GUS political career.
Ten years later, on September End
General Douglas Macarthur, on board the
mighty Missouri, sat silently and watched
the japanese sign surrender papers in the
waters of Tokyo Bay. September is. then.
" '''"'''ii VI HiS"ioi KS anu ldHiouS udleS.
1t is moody month because it ushers in
a new season and signifies the end of sum-
mer-this year the autumnal equinox
occurs on the night of September 22nd, at
:36. Fail lasts until December 21st.
The Harvest Moon will occur on Septem-
Der 18th, because this is the nearest full
moon to the autumn equinox This full
moon will seem to last three days, and will
rise very near the same hour for several
nights-that is why it is called the Harvest
Moon. In old days, harvesting was carried
on by its light.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-09-18
There's A Tang in the Air

THE PRESENT COOL SNAP is a re-
hinder. The leaves beginning to collect
on the ground, a few cool nights and other
thngs-all add up to approaching autumn,
the most nostalgia of the seasons. Septem-
Der Just slipped up unobtrusively
There are those who do not think much
about nature; perhaps they think the
change of seasons. the miracle of the
countryside in fall. and other wonders of
the landscape are for the poets or the
dreamers. But they are wrong.
The seasons should be enjoyed by every
one. The memories each change in season
brings back are often surprising. For
example. the first smell, in fall, of burning
leaves, or the first cool day, or first days of
school. or many other frsts bring back
wildly the years gone by, to many.
September-who can remember Septem-
Der lst. 1889? Hitler was marching into
Poland that day and the world was falling
down. Millions of boys and men-and even
women and children-passed that day with
out realizing it spelled death for them.
And the years Just before World War
II Those Septentbers were always days of
crisis. remember? Hitler stirred the pot
every spring and every fall. Munich came
in the fall of 1898, after September crisis
Remember how peace hung on a thread that
fall?
And September, 1929, the month before
the stock market crash. Those days never
returned exactly the same And there was
another memorable September, in the stock
market. September oath, l869-"Black
Friday (which you don't remember
There was day in 1916, the 18th of
September, when Winston Churchil's new
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-09-18
WELL, WILL 1T

Omaha. Neb.-Local .poStoffice Of
ficials were posed will. a real cues
ton recently. A clerk weighed
letter for a woman patron and
handed II back to her with the COM
ment 1t was too heavy and would
need another stamp. Well" Shrug-
ged the woman. how will putting
another stamp on it make it light
er"
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-09-18
Virginia's Decision

VIRGINIA'S DECISION may come this
week on. the question of whether to
stand for its sovereignty or accept course
of expediency in meeting the attack on Vir
ginia schools 1t is to be hoped that there
will be enough members of the General
Assembly who understand the issue and
correctly represent the overwhelming de-
sires of the people to meet the constitu-
tional issue Of state sovereignty.
SO many side issues have been brought
into play that the one and only great issue
is being overlooked.
There is one man in the House who has
been completely honest. Delegate Stuart
B. Carter, of Fincastle, Va, who states that
he favors integraton, but will support the
legislation wanted by the people he repre-
sents. We believe many of the legislators
are far behind in realizing what the people
want Many who are assuming h
'Segregation-BU attitude may find
that their constituents are for segregation,
pure and simple.
The Governors plan is so simple. The
opponents are trying to make it compli-
Gated The key bill would immediately with
hold funds for schools in school districts
which would integrate, close the schools
temporarily and place them for re-opening
under the direction of the General Assem-
bly,, with the Governor acting for 1t. The
bill is an amendment of the appropriations
bill and as such would be in effect for only
the biennium The next legislature would
then be faced with passage Of another APP
propiations bil-with or without this
feature, depending upon its success in the
interim.
The Governors program would assure
continuation Of the public schools of Vir-
ginia. 1t would assure Virginians that such
examples of force now being used in Ten
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-09-18

nessee, Kentucky and Texas, will not be
needed nor permitted in Virginia Contrary
to what many of the opponents may say,
the Governors bill will protect and con-.
tinue the present public schools, and NOT
close them as some are now predicting.
The Governors bill will interpose the
sovereignty of the Commonwealth of Vir-
ginia between the people and the decision
of the U. s. Supreme Court. 1t will demand
a showdown with the Court, in the contest
of power. By all means this must be had.
If and when the U. S. Constitution Is
amended by the prescribed method under
Article V. we shall advocate recognition of
the Indignation principle. Until this is done
we believe the Courts present effort to a.
mend the Constitution a palpable usurpa-
of power, entirely unconstitutional in let
ter and in spirit. This is the first and most
important consideration of the issue at
hand which is being lost sight of through
introduction of side issues by those who
would give up the sovereignty of this Com
monwealth for expediency in conduct of
schools.
The truth OF the matter Is tnat SCHOOLS
will be saved, and may be operated eff
ficiently under the Governors program.
Integrated schools will not be efficient. nor
will the next step in this program, inte-
grated faculties. If the principle of racial
indignation is accepted for schools, integral
ton of faculties naturally follows. Such
would please neither race. If the Supreme
Court by edict can force integrated schools,
the same court by the same method can
force integrated faculties.
Virginia, the South the Nation are at the
crosjroads of constitutional government
Nirginia's decision will have far-reaching
effect May God give us wisdom and, above
all, give Us men who will see and meet the
great, important and transcending issue