davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-05
Secretary Dulles Will Find
Indonesio a Bit Confusing

but also bulks large in discussions
about Secretary Dulles possible
visit.
This is the matter Of West
Irian-Dutch New Guinea. the only
part of the former Netherlands
East Indies still in Dutch hands.
While the welter of Indonesian
political parties may disagree on
how to get 1t from the Dutch, all
of them agree Indonesia must have
1t.
Horohop's Trouble
Right now, the present Govern
ment is preparing to resume nego-
tiations with the Dutch at Geneva
over West Irian and various
economic matters. 1t was these
negotiations which led to the with
drawal of representatives of two
political parties from the cabinet
of Premier Burhanuddin Harahap.
II the Harahap administration
can get anywhere at Geneva, 1t
will strengthen its position not only
to survive until the vote counting
is completed in early April but to
have a powerful say in the forma-
ton Of the cabinet emerging from
the election.
But the Dutch government has
an election to consider. too. The
voting there is in April and the
Dutch representatives at Geneva
are well aware that the Dutch peo-
ple-still smarting under the loss
of their great colony--would not
support government in any large
concessions to Indonesia.
The American Government has
maintained a policy of the strictest
neutrality on the West Irian is
sue. This policy. for which there
appear to be many good reasons.
provides the Communists with
flstful Of aces.
The question is whether Secre-
tary Dulles can balance on the
tightrope of neutrality during a
stay here, however short. There
are those here who gloomily pre-
dict that whatever he says or
doesn't say about West Irian will
provide fodder for the Communists.
Mr.. Dulles will have his work
cut out for him in Indonesia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-05
By DAVID KooNCE

For the first time in the Nations
history. Congress has compre-
hensive picture Of the entire coun-
try's highway needs and apparently
Is determined to do some building.
The picture shows:
Q That an increasingly mobile
American economy has taken to
roads that were built for the
Model T.
Q That two-thirds Of our high
ways are below minimum safe driv-
ing standards, with worn-out pave
ments, poorly engineered curves.
narrow rights-of-way. damned in
tersections, narrow bridges.
. That inadequate primary high
ways providing our most vital
transportation links cost annually
81 billion in traffic accidents. $500
million in lost time for commercial
vehicles and $500 million unneces-
sarily spent on fuel. brakes and
tires. (This total cost In one year
would provide four-lane highway
from here to Phoenix. Ariz.)
. That so per cent Of the traffic
on main highways Is crowded onto
per cent Of the mileage.
This is the picture that has been
drawn by the, Omitted States Bureau
of Public Roads. State agencies.
citizens committees and groups
representing both the motor indus
try and the auto user.
Congress Decision
Congress, with the administra-
tons blessing, has decided that
something must and will be done
about the sorry situation of our
roads, which carry the load of 80
per cent of all travel outside urban
areas. Last year, a highway-build-
ing bill was passed by the Senate.
but pay-as-you-go plan failed in
the house. This year. chances for
enacting highway legislation appear
brighter.
Experts say the most immediate
need is for undermining, rebuilding
and expanding the Interstate High
way System-a $40 billion job. This
is the 37,800-mile network which
now links ~ State capitals and 80
per cent of all cities with a popu-
lation of $4,000 or more. 1t also
includes 1900 miles of road needed
but not yet built. This is the pri-
mary highway system of the Nation.
1t serves IS per cent of all urban
jewellers and As per cent Of all our
rural population. Or perhaps
serves" is not the right word; only
one mile in every six is considered
adequate for today's needs. The
other five miles are old and in q
sad state Of disrepair.
The typical rural highway in this
system has a surface that was last
improved in 1887 and a roadway
upon which the last major improve
ment of alignment and grade was
made in 1882. Only about 5000
miles of this network outside of
towns has more than two lanes, and
Of these 5000 miles, 1000 are three
lane right of ways. From a volume
standpoint, three lanes may be bet
ter than two, but not from a safety
point Of view. About half the high
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-05
By RICHARD FRYKLUND

The enumeration in the Con-
stitution of certain rights shall
not be construed to deny or dis
pdrd1e Others retained by the
people.-Ninth Amendment to the
Constitution.
The late Justice Robert H. Jack
son once was asked by q friend
what the Ninth Amendment to the
Constitution meant. Il vainly tried
to recall what 1t was" he said later.
He could not even remember a
single instance in his long career
as lawyer and jurist when the Ninth
Amendment was cited for anything
OR even mentioned by his col
leagues on the Supreme Court.
Truly, the Ninth is the forgotten
amendment--even though 1t may
guarantee to us rights we don't
even know we have.
A Texas lawyer, Bennett B. Pat
terson, would like to revive interest
In the amendment. In his book,
1.-THE Forgotten Ninth Amend
ment" (Bobbs- Merrill Coz, he
points out that the amendment has
been cited in only Is cases at law.
usually tossed in casually with a
bundle of other arguments and
then brushed aside by the courts.
Actually there has been no deter
mination by any court anywhere
OF the meaning Of the Ninth
Amendment.
The Forgotten Ninth moy be one
Of the most important omend-
rnenty.
Mr.. Patterson believes the Ninth
may be the most basic Of all con-
stitutional guarantees Of individual
rights. 1t Is the only part Of the
Constitution that alludes to nat
ural rights. and it is the historic
American conviction that these
natural rights do exist that differ
entiates a free from q totalitarian
government.
America was born with declara-
ton Of natural rights, including
life. liberty and the pursuit Of hap
piness. The rights came from God,
or. for the American revolutionists
who were freethinkers. from nature.
No government Of any kind can
take these rights away, though
plenty of governments infringe
upon them. A few Of the rights
are given up voluntarily by the
people in order to form a political
union.
A constitution can guarantee
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-05
Arms Buying Takes
Courage Stop
If Defects Develop

gressional leaders like Representa-
tive Carl HinShaw Of California.
the Government is spending some
where around $65 million q year
on aircraft nuclear propulsion re-
search. This amount is still not
considered satisfactory. But few
years ago the total was only SIS
million.
THE blight which a scientist Of
stature can cast over field of sci-
ence research is enormous. After
DR.. Oppenheimer opposed nuclear
propulsion for aircraft, young sci-
entists and engineers studiously
avoided the field. The entire prof.
ect was shunted off into distant
corner Of Oak Ridge. where it Ian
guished for several years.
The time has not yet come. Of
course, to pass judgment either on
DR.. Oppenheimer for opposing nu-
clear propulsion of aircraft or on
Representative Hinshaw for push
ing it. The point is that scientists,
extremely imaginative as a class,
are themselves capable Of impeding
chronological progress.
Newton's Theory
There is historical precedent.
well-known in the profession, for
scientists impeding themselves. Sir
Isaac Newton almost stopped man
kind from getting the airplane--
posthumously. In the early 1905,
long after he died, research scien-
lists who wanted to fly proved" by
means of Newton's theory that birds
could not fly. With the Newton
theory supposedly against them.
scientists the world over gave up
trying to master the mysteries Of
fight. That set back the age Of
the airplane some so years, it Is
estimated.
Later scientists had another look
at Newtons theory, with a happier
result. They noted that he had
postulated a hypothetical atmos-
phere for the purposes of develop.
ing his mathematical theory. In
the special Newton atmosphere,
molecules were placed" so far
apart they never bumped together,
Molecules in the non-hypothetical
atmosphere do bump, of course.
and Sir Isaac Newton's successors
had failed to take this into account
in applying his theory of gravitation
to the problem of fight.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-05
Huge Job Faces Congress
In undermining U. S. Roads

way net has q surface less than ~
feet wide. Because of frequent
Sharp curves, only a small part Of
the system Is safe at speeds above
so miles an hour.
How 1t Happened
How did our highways get this
way?
Unlike other "messes," real or
fancied, nobody Is blaming the
other political party. The real
blame can only be placed on both
progress and war.
From 1920 to 1910 a million miles
Of road were paved. These were
the horse and buggy roads-nar-
row and winding-that had existed
for decades. Planners, of course,
had no concept of what would be
needed in an age that would see
30-ton trucks cruising along at so
miles an hour. In 1922 there were
only IL million motor vehicles on
the road. but in a mere three
years-by 1925-there were 20 mil
lion.
Then came World War II, just
as the Nation thought 1t saw the
magnitude of the coming problem
and began to plan for it. War
and the resulting shortage of men
and materials brought a halt to
almost all road building, except for
a few defense highways here and
there. Yet at the same time. war;
time needs put the old roads to
even more heavy use. and the Ma
ton fell farther and farther behind
in the struggle for adequate roads.
And while all this has been going
on, the value of the highway dollar
has been cut in half. AS a result,
though the amount being spent has
greatly increased, we are actually
getting 20 per cent less than we
were before World War II.
cIeored for Action
Now. finally, the road has been
cleared for action.
The planners hope to modernize
the interstate system in the next
10 years to an extent that will make
it adequate for many years after
that. Modernization involves ADAM
doning some roads altogether and
relocating them. On many stretches
now existing, another two lanes will
be laid, providing four lanes divided.
Rights-of-way viii be widened to
make possible still more expansion
in the future. Bridges must be re-
built. Many of the $4,000 curves
in excess Of 3 degrees will be
Strengthened. Others will be graded.
Steep grades must be reduced or
eliminated. A notable example Of
all this is the Improvement of U. s.
II in Virginia.
The cost will be staggering. It
will range in average from more
than 5000. 900 a mile in rural areas
to $40 million mile for four lanes
and more in cities and towns. How
the money will be raised is for Con-
gresS to decide. and this problem of
finding a formula is the issue that
is the center of disagreement.
The long-range task, however. is
twofold: We must make up for the
errors of the past and. prof1ting by
this experience, we must anticipate
the growing needs Of the future.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-05

and worker organizations In mem
Der countries.
The committees report was to
have been ready last fall, the dead
line for getting the issue on this
years conference agenda. When
the report failed to arrive, Mr.. Nc
Grath began campaign to get the
United States to withdraw from
nO-at least until the Communist
issue is cleared UP.
The Cincinnati manufacturer
urged the National Association of
Manufacturers and the Chamber of
Commerce Of the United States,
which nominate the employer dele
gate. not to do so again. He also
wrote President Eisenhower. urging
that the United States drop out of
lilo, which would severely weaken
the body financially as well as hurt
its worldwide prestige.
The United States contributes
about Is per cent Of the ILO budget
OF more than So million. A pro-
posal 70 increase the ceiling on our
contribution from SIT million to So
million is being considered in the
Senate.
Mr.. McGrath's plea was received
coolly by the administration. Sec
rotary OF Labor Mitchell carried
President Eisenhower's greetings to
the last no conference and. in a
speech, said the President gave NO
"wholehearted support" as force
for peace.
Worker Delegates View
Mr.. Delaney, the worker dele
gate. doesn't believe pulling out of
LO is the best way to cope with
the Communist problem.
For United States employers to
walk out and leave it to the Com
munists is absurd" he said. He
favors amending the constitution
to seat only employer and worker
delegates nominated by free en-
ployer and worker groups.
The United States Chamber of
Commerce a week ago complied
with a Government request to
nominate. with the NAM, an en-
ployer delegate for the 1856 con-
ference as 1t has for previous con-
ferences since 1894. But it did so
only pending:
l. An investigation it asked Con-
gress to make of the activities and
structure OF HO to determine
whether the United States shoald
continue to participate.
2. A REORGANIZATION 1t asked. the
administration to make Of ILO ac-
tivities. which it described as hav-
ing gone far afield from the origi-
nal concept Of the achievement of
social Justice within the field Of
labor-management relations"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-05
BY MIRIAM GUTENBERG

DJAKARTA, Indonesia - When
Secretary of State Dulles VISITS
Indonesia after the SEATO con-
ference in Karachi next month. he
will be walking into jigsaw puzzle
with half the pieces missing.
In fact, the Government which
invited him may fall before he gets
here. Results from the October
elections are still coming in and the
Cabinets life depends on these re-
suits.
Domestically and internationally.
this strategic chain Of Southeast
Asia islands presents such con-
fused picture at this time that even
politicians theoretically closest to
the situation don't know from day
to day whether the wind blows East
or West.
For instance, a spokesman for the
political party which surprised it.
self and everyone else by amassing
nearly fourth Of the votes In the
recent election told me late one
afternoon that his party was anx-
ious to preserve the present govern
ment.
That same afternoon, his party
withdrew its Cabinet representative
Leaving the already tottering Cab
met with an even looser hold on the
reins of government.
Or take the Communist question
President Soekarno made a speech
before an anti-colonial group. The
speech was not translated into Eng
lish and no text was ever circulated.
But the first impression was that
the President had proposed that the
Communist Party-which had gath
cred 20 per cent Of the votes in the
election--should have representa-
ton in the next cabinet.
Spokesman for the President
were denying that by the next day.
The President, they explained.
was not advocating that the Com
munists be included in whatever
cabinet finally energies after the
counting of the votes is completed.
He was simply saying, according
to these spokesman, that the party
for which more than Is million In
donesians had voted could not be
ignored.
Presidents Role
Theoretically, the President has
no power, according to one school
of Indonesian reasoning. Politicians
oriented toward the West contend
that he occupies-or should occupy
the same role as the President Of
France.
Actually, although some Indone-
sian intellectuals contend President
Soekarno is less popular than he
was five years ago, he is apparently
as popular as ever with the masses
Of people and therein lies his power.
1 was in the crowd at Denpasar,
Bali. when the President arrived TO
view program of Balinese dane
ing.
He is our leader" one after an
other told me. He fought for our
independence.
The President doesn't let them
forget it. either. To help them re-
member he has a valuable weapon
which not only figures in the pres
ent shaky condition Of the cabinet
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-05
By EARL n. yoss

The decline Of the benevolent
American deterrent has resulted
from q combination of Soviet
chronological Improvement and a
more or-less eyes-open showdown
in the development Of our own
military technology.
Industrialists and scientists, both
in and out of Government. believe
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-05
Fourth Of a Series

fouFfh OF series
that by spending relatively small
amounts of additional money on
research and development, our
deterrent could be strengthened
vastly. Last week some specific
areas were listed where critics think
more money could probably be
spent: Exploration Of capabilities
Of slow aircraft. both hedge
hopping and extremely high alti-
tude types, which could evade
radar; infra-red detection systems;
heat-resistant metals; more accu-
rate mapping, and nuclear propul-
sion of aircraft.
Two other areas in "R and D"
need study. Scientists and in
dustrialists believe:
. Incentives are inadequate.
. There is lack of courage among
administrators to drop a weapons
program once it proves unfeasible.
Evening star., 1956-03-06
Boy, 3, browns in Pond
Near North Chevy Chase

Three-year-old Steven Carl
Raysor, son of a. Washington
attorney, was drowned yesterday
in a pond about three-fourths OF
a mile away from his home in
North Chevy Chase, Md.
The boy was the son of Mr.
and Mrs. Thomas M. Raysor of
3705 Stewart drive, North Chevy
Chase. His father is a member
of the Washington law firm of
Cromelin, Raysor, Fletcher &
Walsh.
Stevens body was found by
his father about 2:30 pm, four
hours after the boy had wan
dered off with his dog, Blackie.
At first, Mrs. Raysor believed
the boy was at a playmate's
house less than a block from
home. She later found he wasn't
and called Montgomery County
police.
Police joined in the search
about l pm. shortly after the
Evening star., 1956-03-06
Almond Rules Out Plan
To Limit Patrons of Bills

RICHMOND, Va, Mar. 6 (P),
Attorney General Almond says
q bill such as recent measure
in the Virginia Senate to limit
the number of patrons on a bill
or resolution by law doesn't meet
the standards of the State con-
stitution.
The Senate killed by 22-to-
II vote last week the bill by
Senator Edward L. Breeden of
Norfolk to limit the number of
patrons to 10 per cent of the
membership of either house
four in the Senate and 10 in the
House of Delegates.
Senator Breeden argued that
his measure was designed to
stop "snowballing" legislation by
introducing bills or resolutions
with enough patrons to assure
passage.
Senator Harry F. Byrd, jr., led
the fight against the bill. He
argued that it was up to the
Senate to make its own rules,
just as it was up to the House
to make its rules. He said the
aims of Senator Breedens pro-
posal had merit but that his
torically each body determines
its own rules of procedure.
Over the week end Senator
Byrd received an opinion from
the attorney general in response
to an inquiry on the conStitu-
tional question, Senator Byrd
noted that section Al of the con-
stitution says: Each house shall
select its officers, settle its rules
of procedure -" and asked #
that means the job should be
done separately" To this Mr..
Almond replied:
"The constitution in manda-
Evening star., 1956-03-06

which concluded the annual five-
day science talent instite in the
Hotel Statler.
The talent search is conducted
by Science Clubs of America
through Science Service. The
scholarships are awarded by the
Westinghouse Educational Foun-
dation which is supported by the
Westinghouse Electric Corp.
Robert Moore. whose mother
is a free-lance writer, plans to
use his scholarship for the study
of mathematical or theoretical
physics at the California Insti-
tute of Technology.
He won first place with his
"thoroughgoing and mature
study in higher mathematics,
which he described as roughly
analogous to a determination of
the possible shapes that the
pieces of jigsaw puzzle may
have if they must be alike.
straightsided and convex"
I'm its three dimensional
the young man
said. this study (titled "An In
vestigation of the Packing of
Convex Congruent Pofygons'D is
possibly relevant to crystallog-
raphy and organic chemistry.
More mundane problems, such
as those concerning mosaics and
floor tiles, might also find solu-
tions in my investigations"
Evening star., 1956-03-06
Montgomery Blair Senior
Tops Young Scientists

"A 17-year-old senior at Mont
igomery Blair High School last
night was named the Nations
most promising young scientist.
He is Robert T. Moore, blond
six-footer, of $40 Langley drive,
Silver Spring. Md. who won the
title by taking top spot in the
18th annual science talent search
sponsored by Westinghouse.
The young mathematician.
who spends his spare time fish
ing and playing tennis, was
picked as the best Of 40 con-
Itestants from all parts of the
Nation. The award brought with
lit a $4,000 scholarship.
Robert, son of Robert B.
Moore. a forester for the Nation
al Park Service, was one of two
area winners.
Edwin F. Ford, II, of 3071
South Woodrow street. Arling-
ton, Va, was one of eight stu
dents awarded $400 scholarships
to the schools of their choice.
Edwin, a Wakefield High
School senior. was cited for his
Evening star., 1956-03-06
MARYLAND-V VIRGINIA NEWS
Jones Point Bridge
Action Due Monday

Legislation to authorize con-
struction of the Jones Point
bridge will come before the
House District Committee on
Monday for action.
Two bills, approved by a Dis
trict subcommittee, probably will
be called up by the full commit
tee. They would transfer juris-
diction from the Interior De-
partment to the Commerce De-
partment's Bureau of Public
Roads, revise the design of the
span, and name it the Woodrow
Wilson Memorial Bridge.
An appropriation estimate of
$1S.8 million to build the bridge
was stricken from the Interior
Department appropriation bill
by the House, principally because
pending legislation would shift
responsibility from the Interior
to Commerce Department.
Evening star., 1956-03-06

enacted into law, Mr.. Almond
said, subsequent General AS
sembly could not repeal the Law
without the concurrence of both
houses, and therefore each
house would be deprived of its
right to settle it's rules of pro-
cedure pertaining to the number
of patrons on a bill or resolu-
ton"
1T is my opinion that neither
the House nor the Senate can
delegate its responsibility in this
respect SO that its right ano
duty would depend upon the
concurrence of the other bdoy.'