davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1956-12-31
Echoes
AtInfegration
AS Year Closes
BY the Associated Press

Sporadic outbursts of violence
still echoed across the South on
this final day of 1856. a year
marked by some progress toward
racial integration in border
States and resistance to change
in many deep South areas.
Attention focused on bus seq
jregation and athletics during the
last few days in the wake of con-
troversy and rioting over inte-
grafton of some public schools
last fall. ~
City buses in Montgomery and
Birmingham, Ala. were fired on
six times in a four-day period
ending last night. A 22-year-old
pregnant Montgomery Negro
woman. who was shot in both
legs. was the only person report
ed injured in the attacks.
Today another bus was struck
by gunf1re, but no one was re-
ported injured.
The University of Mississippi
basketball team withdrew from
the All-American City Basketball
Tournament at Owensboro, KY,
and the Mississippi State basket
ball team dropped out of the In
Ivitational Basketball Tournament
at Evansville, Ind, over the week
end because opponents had Ne
gro players on their squads.
Alabama Situation Critical
The bus situation appeared
most critical in Alabama. Negro
leaders at Tallahassee, Fla, were
pressing for integration on
buses, and movements with that
objective in mind were reported
being planned in Tampa, Fla,
and Baton Rouge, La.
Last night 400 Negroes at
tended a meeting of the Inter-
civic Council in Tallahassee and
assured their leaders they woulc
ride in the front of city buses ir
support of the councils campaign
for integrated seating.
Mr.. Steele named an LINEN.
ber committee to encourage inte.
grated bus riding. He told tn,
audience he did not believe riderl
would be molested. I'VE mus
meet every expression Of Ill will
Evening star., 1956-12-31

George NJ. DOcnerJy, minister,
will preach. DR.. Walter B. Freed.
pastor of Luther Place Memorial
Lutheran Church. will speak on
Hitherto" at the IL o'clock
watchnight worship in the
church, Thomas circle. The SER
vice will close with the admins
tration Of holy communion a few
minutes after midnight.
The Sunday mass schedule will
prevail tomorrow in most Of the
96 Catholic churches and mis-
sions in the Washington Arch
diocese. No Catholic services are
scheduled tonight.
The Archdiocese Office remind
ed Catholics that New Years. the
Feast of the Circumcision. is a
day on which Catholics are re-
quired to attend mass.
Special prayers will be offered
at masses tomorrow for the we'll
being of the Nation during 1857.
Special events will feature pre-
service parties in many of the
churches. Moving pictures will
be shown at Metropolitan Bap-
tist Church, Sixth and E streets
NE, and at Augustana Lutheran
Church. New Hampshire avenue
and v street NV. At the former
the picture will be "UnSheathed",
the story Of Bible translation into
an unwritten Indian tongue from
the viewpoint of the native, and
at the latter THE Great Com
mandment." The program will
begin at $3.50 o'clock at Metro
politan Church and at $50
o'clock at Augustana Church.
The following churches an
nounced special programs and
services for tonight:
Northwest
Peoples CONGREGATIONAL
Church. 4704 Thirteenth street
NV, 8 pm: Calvary Baptist
Church. Eighth and H streets
NV. $3.50 pm; First Congre-
gational Church. Tenth and G
streets NV. 1880 pm.
Southeast
Fountain Memorial Baptist
Church. 22l4 Naylor road Sc,
$3.50 PM; Congress Heights
Baptist Church. 62l Alabama
avenue Sc. 8 pm.
Falls Church
Holy Trinity Lutheran Church,
Arlington boulevard and Wood
lawn avenue. 8 pm; Graham
Road Methodist Church, 333
Graham road. IL pm.
Fairfax
Fairfax Methodist Church
Evening star., 1956-12-31

with some expression Of good
will" he said.
The Alabama trouble fiared
after Montgomery city buses were
tintegrated under Federal court
order 10 days ago. Mrs. Rosa
Jordan, Montgomery laundry
worker. was shot in the legs while
riding a bus Friday night. The
City Commission Saturday order
ed night bus runs suspended
after pm. through January / to
prevent further bloodshed.
The driver of the bus fired on
today was the same operator
whose bus was attacked Friday
when Mrs. Jordan was wounded.
Birmingham. Bus Hit
At Birmingham a city bus with
80 passengers was fired on last
night, but there were no injuries.
Detective Joe Lindsey said the
bus was hit four times, appar-
emily by slugs from an air rifle.
One woman was splattered with
glass.
Mr.. Lindsey said six Negro
boys ranging in age from 8 to 13
years were picked up in connec-
ton with the shooting and
turned over to juvenile authori-
ties pending a hearing.
It was the second time in "a
hours that pellets were fired at
Birmingham buses. Police said
the rear of a bus was fired into
lin a Negro section Saturday
might. No one was injured. The
driver said he saw two white
youths run from the scene after
the shooting.
Tuskegee (Ala.) Institutes an
nual race relations study, re-
leased last night, said that de
spite some incidents of violence,
desegregation activities during
the year were generally orderly" :"
Resistance Noted
The 14-page report noted that
"there was Deep South resist
Iance to any change. Border
States experienced progress in
legal desegregation.
Most public demonstrations
and violence opposed to integra-
tion occurred in communities
Evening star., 1956-12-31

the March Of Dimes. and now Is
working in an advisory capacity
for the National Foundation OF
Infantile Paralysis.
He Is married and has two
children.
In the November election. Mr.
Moore defeated c. Lee Spillers
a Democrat. OF Wheeling. who
was running for the seat vacated
by Representative Robert H
Mollohan, Democrat. Mr.. Mollo-
han tried for the West Virginia
goyernorship but was defeated
Tomorrow: Representatives
Collier Of HltHots.l
Evening star., 1956-12-31

whose public officials "appar-
entity condoned them" the re-
port said. "They did not take
place, or were promptly sup
pressed in communities whose
public officials discouraged
them"
The report said some 2O8
school districts in eight States
desegregated their schools in
1856. The school districts were
in Delaware. Maryland. Ken
lucky. Missouri, West Virginia
Oklahoma, Texas and Tennes-
see. Louisville, KY, was cited as
notable example of school
board action in desegregating
both elementary and secondary
schools voluntarily.
Evening star., 1956-12-31
Happiness Center
In Bruin Reported

New evidense for a Happiness
center" in the brains of NAM
mals-something which seems to
be responsible in an overall
measure for the general emotion
of pleasure whatever may be the
source of that pleasure-was
Evening star., 1956-12-31

AREA VI bIlc UTdtIl lIlVOlVeQ DIS
part Of the diencephalon, the
so-called primitive brain" To-
Gated under the cerebral cortex.
Stimulation was achieved by
means of electrodes implanted
in the brains of the expert
mental animals.
He said that a better under
standing of the punishment
mechanism" in the brain may
produce a treatment for al
leviating incurable or intract-
able pain.
Experiments on cats and rats,
performed by DR.. Miller in COL
laboration with DR.. Jose M. r.
Delegado, associate professor of
physiology and psychiatry at
Yale. Gordon Bower, Yale
graduate student, and Warren
Roberts, a post-doctoral fell
low. showed that electrical
stimulation of certain points of
the brain elected emotional re-
sponses which had all the
functional characteristics of
normally aroused pain and fear.
MOtiviated Learning
This stimulation could be
used to motivate these animals
to learn to turn a wheel. ES-
cape from this stimulation Serv-
ed as a reward which prompted
the animals to reinforce their
turning Of the wheel.
Similarly DR.. Miller continued,
| If the central stimulation was
turned on few seconds after
the animals were placed at the
start of a T-maze, they would
learn to run to that side of
the "T" where experience had
shown them that the stimula-
ton was turned off. Thus they
learned to escape the stimula-
tion. After a number of such
trials, the animals would learn
to avoid the brain stimulation
entirely by running to the COR
rect side of the "T" even before
the stimulation was applied.
Other experiments described BY
DR.. Miller showed that direct
stimulation of the brain could be
used to condition an emotional
disturbance to one Of two dis
ltinctive boxes. Subsequently. on
trials when no stimulation was
applied, the animals learned to
escape from the frightening
into the safe" box.
Control animals stimulated in
the motor cortex-a different
portion of the brain-with higher
voltages that produced violent
responses were not emotionally
disturbed when placed in the So
called frightening" box and die
not learn to escape from it.
Has Disciplinary Use
Furthermore, the Yale profess
sor continued. direct stimulation
of the critical points in the brain
could be used as a punishment
to teach hungry animals to avoid
food.
Paradoxically, he reported,
there are portions of the brain
which. when stimulated, produce
the effects of both punishment
and reward. Experimental
animals have been known to
work at pressing a bar which will
turn on the stimulus, and then
work at rotating a wheel to turn
of the stimulus.
The paradoxical result of this
and other experiments, accord
ing to DR.. Miller, shows that in
this new area it is unsafe to take
anything for granted, so that a
variety Of rigorous tests must be
used to determine whether or
not the central stimulation shows
all the properties of normal mo-
ltiVation.
Evening star., 1956-12-31
Yale Psychologist Wins
|Aword for Brain Findino
BY THOMAS r. HENRY
Star stan CORRESPONDENT

NEW YORK. Dec. 31-Reports finding two hitherto
known in animal brains that apparently feelings
of punishment and qualification the annual 900 prize Of
the American Association for the Advancement Of Science for
DR.. Neal E. Miller, Yale psychologist.
The association closed its annual meetings yesterday.
DR. Miller worked with identified the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02
that on your vans Will turn thls

that on your walls win turn this
trick.
Old furniture, such as chests
|of drawers. often can be given
Ia smart decorator appearance
with wallpaper. Sand the g1r-
face until it is smooth. Cut q
pattern for each panel cut Of
newspaper. Then cut your wall
paper an extra inch larger than
the pattern all around to allow
for turning under at the corners.
Regular wallpaper paste or
plain glue will hold the paper
permanently in place. After it is
well dried, shellac it for q I'm
|ished look and for durability
Unfinished furniture lends It.
self especially to this wallpaper
trick. The insides Of q china
cabinet or q bookcase provide
handsome backgrounds for your
china or brac-a-brac when lined
with wallpaper.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02
Simple Device Can Help
To Perk Up Drub Room

far in creating a dining corner
or a smart setting for television
or q favorite furniture piece.
Bright patterned wallpaper
can do a lot for a dingy closet
Such is q place where you car
use lavishly any wildly colorec
paper that you would hesitate tc
use in more conspicuous place
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02

Simple tricks that you can do
yourself with a few rolls of wall
paper can make a drab room or
an old piece of furniture dis
tinctive and eye-catching.
If you have q dark corner. a
gayly figured wallpaper that
harmonizes or contrasts with the
rest Of the room coloring can 60
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02

The same can be true of a bath
room. Out-of-the-ordinary pat
terms add decorator touches in
these spots.
Screens are now often used as
important parts of the decora-
tive scheme. Patterned WALL
paper that contrasts with the
rest Of the room can make q
screen an accent piece. Or II q
screen is to be used as a room
divider, or otherwise wanted to
Irecede into the background
Wallpaper Of the same design Al
4 i
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02

DIRECTIONS Out l4h Street Bridge to Shirley Highway,
turn at FFunconiu eoveeO then left bridge Fran
COMO Rood three and onehuIf miles Rose Hill entrance
on right OR, 18th Street Bridge out u s. Highway Num-
Der One and turn right Duke Street in Alexandra to Tee-
groph Rood Left Telegraph Rood to Foneono Road and
then right to Rose Hill entrance and furnished model home
left.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-26
BABY GRAND IN CARRYING CASE
Short Cut to Solve Debt
Puts Boy on Probation

A young Alexandria "scrapper"
begins his Juvenile Court proba-
ton today for attempting to pay
a debt with money he tried to
pry out of a milk vending
machine.
Besides having debts. the
mother of the 14-year-old told
Judge Irene L. Pancoast. the
boys school troubles consist of
beatings inflicted by other boys,
A policeman testified he had to
step in twice in the last few
weeks to pull assailants off the
boy.
"A few minutes after I de-
livered a summons for this hear
ing / got a call to go back to
the house and two smaller boys
were beating him." the patrol
man said.
THE other time I found him
after another boy had shot him
in the foot with BIB gun and
slammed his younger brother in
the back with a brick"
Judge PancoaSt wanted to
know why the youngster got
mixed up in SO many fights.
"Just a habit, I guess" the
boy replied sullenly.
A case worker noted the boy
was irked easily.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-26
Tydings CoIIsonMohoney
For Foce-to-Foce Debate

At these rallies Mr.. Tydings
was sharing the campaigning
with Baltimore Mayor Thomas
lD'Alesandro, who swung freely
at the Mahoney camp.
This is my fight. They talk
Mahoney. but underneath they're
saying. Well get that little
guinea, he said.
They're trying to humiliate
your mayor. They're against
Baltimore and not for Balti-
more" Mr.. D'Alesandro said.
Aims Attack at Faction
The mayor also laid it on the
line for those in his administra :
ton.
They're either for me or
against me. I'm going to use
a maui" he said as the crowd
cheered.
His attack was aimed at the
Coggins-O'Malley faction in the
third district where he is speak
ing.
The mayor also renewed his
blasts at one of Mr.. Mahoney' S
leading supporters, Michael J
Birmingham, party leader in ad-
joining Baltimore County.
Mr.. Birmingham also came
under fire from another quarter
yesterday.
Walter G. Finch, Gainesville
attorney seeking the party's Sec
ond Congressional District NOM
nation. urged a grand jury in
vestigation of use of plainclothes
police to escort Mr. Mahoney
through Baltimore County.
Mr.. Finch said that in his
tours around" the county he
noticed the various police sta
tons to all intentS and purposes,
have become Democratic clubs
and Birmingham branch head
quarters.
AS the campaign continued
to blaze up here, a former 9Th
District member of the House
of Delegates, Edward Reisinger,
and 81 others shifted their sup
port from Mr.. Mahoney to Mr..
Tydings.
Mr.. Reisinger said the shift
was made because he had been
informed that Irwin Kovens, a
leading Mahoney supporter, had
passed the word his group would
be for Senator Butler. Repub-
lican, in the general election.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-26
$40 Maryland Drivers Forfeit
Collateral on OIdD.C. Tickets

More Maryland m torists
yesterday elected to forfeit COL
lateral on old District parking
tickets than did District drivers,
it was disclosed yesterday.
Altogether, $40 Marylan d
scofflaws forfeited collateral. as
compared to 260 District drivers.
Typical of the effort being
made to erase the backlog of
more than 10000 tickets issued
to Maryland and Virginia mo-
florists who parked illegally in
the District, was record num-
Der of warning letters mailed by
the Central Violations Bureau
yesterday. A special working
force of Is clerks posted 1904
warning letters to delinquent
motorists.
The bureau yesterday collected
$3.50 on a total of 957 back
tickets. Walter F. Bramhall,
clerk of Municipal Court. said
the money collected would have
been more than $4,000 but the
overloaded bureau did not get
around to opening 700 pieces of
mail.
OF those who forfeited yester-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-26
Residence Area
Change Backed

Legislation to extend from IL
to 20 miles from the Capitol
Building the area in which
Washington policemen and fire.
men may reside was Endorsed
today by Police Chief Robert v.
Murray, but opposed by the Dis
trict Commissioners.
Chief Murray filed state
ment with House District Sub
committee in support. He was
joined by Maj. Hobart Francis
of the White House Police Force
and It. Alvin E. Davis of the
local fire fighters associa ton.
Opposing the measure, how
ever. were Fire Chief Willard
Sutton and the Commissioners,
whose position was laid before
the subcommittee by letter and
by testimony from Assistant Cor
poration Counsel Irving Bryan.
Call Measure Needed
Proponents of the measure in
sisted the extra area was needed
and would be beneficial to the
men whose residences in the
farther area would be less ex-
pensive.
Opponents contended that the
extra distance to be travelled by
uniformed men would delay their
arrival in case of emergencies,
particularly in case of firemen.
The commissioners also in
Sisted'that the change would be
more costly to the District on
account of official telephone calls
and calls to distant residences by
police and fire surgeons.
Cite Better Roads
The Commissioners conten-
tons against the bill were
answered by proponents of the
measure who commended the i'm
proved highways and roads
speeded up transportation and
that new residential develop
ments were springing up further
from the capital making such
places more suitable for the uni
formed men and their families
than the congested District.
Subcommittee Charm a n
Davis, Democrat of Georgia,
announced after the hearing he
would have the subcommittee
polled on the bill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-26

you're old enough not to get
irked and to do some rational
thinking" the judge said.
LAS big as you are, I don't
see how two smaller boys could
have beaten you up" she de-
clared.
Judge Pancoast suggested the
mother, who arrives home from
work about the time the father
is leaving. begin serving nourish-
ing meals regularly and provide
more than sandwiches for her
children.
The l4-year-old also was told
to pay the So damage he did to
the milk machine from his earn
ings from a paper route.
In another case, Judge PAN
coast placed on probation a Is
year-old boy who told the court
last month he had fallen asleep
in school from nembutal cap
suleS. The youth failed to iden-
tify in court the barbituate SELL
er he previously had pointed out
to police.
The judge also fined a 14-year-
old District colored boy $40 for
carrying a switchblade knife po-
lice said he threatened to use on
a theater manager.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-26
Missing Farmer
Located in Duze
At Phoenix, Ariz.

A Montgomery County goat
farm manager, reported missing
since Friday. has been located
in a daze in Phoenix, Ariz.,
Montgomery County police said
yesterday.
Police had issued a lookout
for Andrew P. Stewart, 81, who
operates the Mumford Goat
Farm on Route "a near Damas-
Gus, after alarmed relatives said
he disappeared last week leaving
70 goats INTENDED.
Police said Mr.. Stewart tele-
phoned from Phoenix yesterday
and told friend he didn't know
how he got there. He also said
his station wagon is missing. A
friend of the family flew to
Phoenix yesterday to bring Mr..
Stewart home.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-26
MARYLAND VIRGINIA NEWS
Tours Somerset
In Closing County Circuit

clareS. (The way he says it. it
sounds like rank and fall.~
He told the group: I'm against
this great big soil bank thing"
The soil bank, he said, would not
benefit Maryland farmers but
would work only for the benefit
for those big. Middle West COR
poration farms who own thou
sands of acres of land
The men who had gathered at
the store broke out in applause.
Mr.. Mahoney. obviously gratified
by the response to his speech,
added:
And now, boys, how about a
beer
There was more applause.
Almost Into Virginia
Later in the day he went to
BiShopville. on the Maryland
Delaware line. Today he almost
made it-but not quite-into Vir-
glnla, which borders Somerset
County In his earlier jaunts
about Maryland, he has found
himself travelling into Pennsyl-
vania and West Virginia in
order to reach the voters.
At Ocean City, Mr.. Mahoney
found most of that resorts
hotels, restaurants and places of
amusement along the boardwalk
closed.
He wasn't long, though, in
being uShered to the Office Of
Mayor Dan Trimper. Mr.. Trim
per came outside his small frame
office and greeted the candidate
on the sidewalk. AS reporters
converged on the pair, the two
retired to side areaway and
talked earnestly for S minutes.
Trimper Neutral
Presently, Mr.. Mahoney beck
oned reporters with a smile on
his face.
You can say that I'm neu-
trail in this race" Mr.. Trimper
said I'm friends with both
of them"
Chief lieutenant of the Ma
honey campaign in Worcester
County is Sheriff Edwin D. Lynch
who escorted the candidate about
all the byways and crossroads.
All of the Democratic Central
Committee members are FOR him.
The chairman. o. Sheldon
Chandler of Berlin. did not join
the party until after dark, how
ever His grain mill was parti-
ally destroyed by fire the night
before. with a loss estimated at
nearly 100000.
In the Mahoney caravan, be-
sides Sheriff Lynch, were Dele
gate Russell o. Hickman; Jack
Culver of Berlin, member of the
State Central Committee; Hugh
Chopper, Ocean City councilman;
Daniel T. Prettyman, States at
torney; Linwood Duncan. an
other Central Committee mem
Der. and Harry Kelly, member
of the Ocean City Council.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-26
University Center
Group Names Head

The Springfield CVa.) Commit
tee for the Northern Virginia
University Center has elected
William Simms, a local business
man. chairman.
Other officers are: DR.. Donald
Thorne, first vice chairman; Jo-
seph Wheeler. second vice chair
man; DR.. Ivan Roop, treasurer,
and Edward Fans. secretary.
Community contributions for
the university building fund now
amount to $1,000, the committee
has announced.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-26

day, 722 mailed their checks or
money orders, and 233 appeared
in person.
Mr. Bramhall also disclosed
that one driver. Robert H.
MeiSSner. 80. of the 2700 block
of Dumbarton avenue NV,
posted $50 collateral at No. 8
Precinct Station for a court APP
pearance on Friday. Mr.. Meiss-
ner was served with nine war;
rants for old tickets.
Another driver, Donald K.
jackson, of Silver Hill, Md, for
feited $50 on IL old tickets.