davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1956-01-26
Henderson's QUESTIONABLE


hep 1onn r. HENDERSON senong secrlon OF
RESIDENTS OF the lotn
1t is hoped that the answers which he receives rep
wiz serve 10 ADVISE MN OF the teeg OF district resident
on some OF the issues of the day. henderson
making decisions on some OF the problems which Will b.
depated during the current sessions.
In selecng the questions, kep. Henderson endeav
ored TO choose issues controversial
not likely to either an overwhelming affirmative
pracuce OF some poll takers who Load their questions
such way that the issue sderacked favor OF hgh
preJudical aspect of the issue.
1t was impossible to mail these questionnaires to ever
the district and all are urged to take advant
OF this reproduction and fill and send to Rer
John E. Henderson, Room ls6, House Office Building
The QUESTIONABLE is follows:
1no.es Do you support the Brksr amendment avoid
eighty Gig Of the United statesf Yes
z Do you favor lowering the legal voting age from
3. Do you a Constitutional amendment which 40 ~
would prevent the government from
spending more than it receives in revenues during
dcy A5s you % in in green's s,s with the foreign
DO you favor the admission of Communist China
g. Do you favor continuation of technical
to to underdeveoped % @ nations? 7----------- Yes
to friendly nations? Yes N
Ss5Ss eeo ssS where
ss5s:;s ss ssss;ss :s sa hspe
Agency which furnishes information about
TO- b na0n 0o and avas its Policies 6 to other m Yes
assS% HfssS fsn Sufe
IL. Do you favor Federal aid for the
construction of public school buildings to be
ported by additional tax measures? Yes N
IL Do favor Federal aid to assist the payment
OF teachers salaries and administrative costs of
local schools to be supported by additional
measures? Yes
49, Do you favor Federal for new high
financed by increased gasoline.
tires, etc. for highway users? -------~~-.- Yes N
a. Do you believe the minimum laws should
be extended to fields of employment
covered? Yes N
15 Do you favor the Administrations reinsur-
ance proposal whereby the Federal government
would encourage expenson of private health
insurance by exceptional risks? n
Survivorship benefits under the Social Security
Acts? --~----------------------- Yes
IT. Do favor the reduction o
receive benefits under security
law? ~~~~------- -~---.~-----~~--~--~-~ Yes N
1S Do favor the construction additional public
housing units? Yes
49, Which farm program do favor
a. Price support program based on 900 parity with
restrictions ----~--~-~------------- Yes
b. Price support program based flexible parity
with restrictions? Yes
No Federal price supports controls Yes n
20 Do support the elimination Of Federal taxes
gasoline consumed by farmers in the operation of
machinery?
81 abolish
before the reduction farm be solved? Yes
% Do you support the Presidents proposal soil
bank to transfer from farm production to
soil Improvement to reduce
surplus production? Yes
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1956-01-26

Miss Lena Alter left Saturday
for New York City where she
will attend the showing of
spring styles. Miss Alter makes
this trip semi-annually.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1956-01-26

Deaths - Relatives and friends
here and in Belle Valley were
notified of the death Thursday
morning of Mrs. Faye Davis
Charleton, 43, which occurred at
her home in Columbus, We'd
nesday night.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1956-01-26

g. Do you favor Constitutional amendment which
would prevent the Federal government from
spending more than it receives in revenues durin
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1956-01-26

, The flower that follows the even on cloudy
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1956-01-26

l. Do you support the Bricker amendment to avoid
treaties insofar as they would abridge the sover-
eighty of the United States?
Do you favor lowering the legal voting age from
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1956-01-26

l. Are you In agreement with the present foreign
policy of the United States?
D. DO you favor the admission of Communist China to
the limited Nations?
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1956-01-26

IL. Do you favor Federal aid to education for the
construction of public school buildings to be sup
ported by additional tax measures? -
II. Do you favor Federal aid to assist in the payment
of teachers salaries and administrative costs of
local schools to be supported by additional tax
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1956-01-26

Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1956-01-26

Yes No
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1956-01-26

49, Do you favor increased Federal aid for new high
ways financed by increased taxes Ton gasoline
tires, etc. for highway users?
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1956-01-26

Do you favor continuation of technical assistance
to underdeveloped nations? -
Do you favor continuation of military assistance
TO friendly nations?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18

council decided that the test of
criminal responsibility estab-
llished in the Durham case repre-
scented . significant and desir-
able advance" over the previous
tests and lis in the interests of
Justice"
But the council proposed q
number Of changes in the GRIM
inal laws affecting the insanity
defense which it considered nee
essary to give the public and the
accused equal protection. One
such change made it mandatory
for those acquitted on insanity
grounds to be committed to q
mental hospital. The new law
proposed by the council was
signed by the President in Au-
gust. 1855.
And what Of Durham?
On March 20. 1866, the Court
of Appeals In an opinion written
by Judge Bazelon ruled that the
District Court judge had erred
in his charge to the jury. Again
the case was reversed and again
a new trial was ordered.
Had Been Out On Bond
Durham had been free on bond
since May rs. 1855. Mr.. Gasch,
in the course Of being urged to
drop the case rather than go to
trial a third time, received let
tiers from Durham's wife and his
present employer which he said
indicated that while on bond
Durham ''has made much pro-
greSS in rehabilitating himself
and during recent months his
life has been normal"
Mr.. Gasch decided to 60 ahead
with the third trial. Then, on
October Is, the Government
agreed to go along with an offer
by Defense Attorney Sidney
Sachs to drop the HOUSEKEEPING
charge if Durham would plead
guilty to the lesser charge Of
petty larceny.
Mr.. GaSch said one of the
considerations involved in that
decision was the fact that Dur
ham already had spent %
months in jail and is months at
st. Elizabeths in connection with
this case.
by the mans voluntary plea
of guilty." Mr.. Gasch added, "he
was in effect saying he was Of
sound mind now and ready to
ico-operate. and was Of sound
mind at the time of the crime. I"
When Durham came up for
sentencing Friday, Mr.. Sachs
pleaded for clemency. Judge F.
Dickinson Let's gave Durham
the maximum of one year and
ordered him committed to jail
Immediately.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18

of unsound mind. Again, he went
to st. Elizabeths. He was dis
charged from the hospital In
May. 1851. after spending three
months there.
Two months later, in July,
1851, he and some companions
broke into the home of Donald
Hiss at 5000 @ street NV. and
stole $50 worth Of property.
That's the offense that circled
twice through the courts before
the curtain was rung down FRI
day after nearly five and q half
years.
Examined Again
After his indictment on the
HOUSEKEEPING charge, he was
again given a psychiatric exami-
nation. Found mentally incom-
petent to stand trial, he went
back to st. Elizabeths Hospital
for the fourth time. This time,
he remained Is months.
In February. 1858. he was
returned to jail as now mentally
competent to stand trial. Tried
by the court without a jury, he
was found guilty and sentenced
to serve from three to 10 years
He appealed.
The Court Of Appeals, because
Of the questions raised, called
on the Government and court
appointed counsel to argue the
case a second time. After that,
Judge David L. Bazelon wrote the
opinion stating the new test OF
criminal responsibility in these
terms:
1T is simply that an accused
is not criminally responsible II
his unlawful act was the product
Iof mental disease or mental
defect"
The court ordered a new trial
for Durham.
The District Council on Law
Enforcement report recalls what
happened then.
"MOre Heat Than Light"
"In the days Immediately fol-
lowing the decision" the report
notes, the fury of the conflict
| created more heat than light
However, with the passing Of
time since the decision was pub
llished, the heat has dissipated
and a great deal Of light has been
thrown on both sides Of the con-
troversy.
Many eminent and capable
men and women have written
and spoken for or against the
Durham test. The articles have
been written for or against the
test and which have been pub
lished in legal journals, medical
journals and in the press would
I'LL many volumes"
The then United States Attor-
ney Leo A. Rover, now Chief
Judge Of the Municipal Court of
Appeals, Immediately asked that
the case be reheard by the full
court. The request was rejected.
Meanwhile, other decisions had
been handed down by the appel
late court making other changes
in procedures involving pleas Of
mental incompetence to stand
trial and the insanity defense.
Mr.. Rover proposed that the
Council on Law Enforcement
make a complete study Of what
the series of decisions was likely
to do to crime and its punish
ment here.
Decision Amended
Mr.. Rover argued that defend
ants might be freed after ac-
quittal on mental grounds to
prey on society If nothing were
done.
| "A few days later, the appellate
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18

"that there is 90 much wide
spread understanding Of the fact
that freedom Of religion cannot
exist If 1t is only freedom to be-
lieve within the confines Of or
thodoxy. Ethical Culture. Uni
tarianism and the Universalists,
along with all other religious
groups who have additionally
refused to impose upon their
members personal concepts of
deity, are alike threatened by
this decision Of Judge MorRan,s.n
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18

Header Of the society. said. 1--WE
have been advised that the ex-
penses of an appeal may well
exceed $4,000. and we viii need
all the assistance we can get.
He said the appeal for funds
is going to the members of the
American Ethical Union and to
liberal religious groups. He said
the first contributions have come
from Unitarians and Universal
lists who realized that the tax
case is going to be more impor-
tant than was realized initially.
The case involved about $671
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18

in taxes on the Ethical society's
property at 1922 Massachusetts,
avenue NV. Judge 10 v. Nor
gan ruled that the society is not
a religion" and It's activities do
not constitute religious wor-
ship" It was held, therefore,
that the tax exemption given
property Of religious groups did
not apply.
I'VE have been happy to dis
cover" DR.. Beauchamp said,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18
Sought
For TaxCase

The Washington Ethical So
ciety is seeking funds to finance
an appeal Of the District Tax
Court ruling that the society's
property is subject to taxation.
DR.. George E. Beauchamp,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18

court amended the Durham de-
cision to urge District Court
Judges to use their discretionary
power to hospitalize defendants
found not guilty by reason Of
insanity.
The law enforcement council
began It's study and Durham
went back to jail to await his
next trial.
In December. 1854. he was
found mentally competent to
stand trial. He went to trial
again in February, 1855. Before
Ia jury this time, he was again
found guilty. This time he was
sentenced to serve from one to
four years in prison.
Again, the case went up on
appeal after Judge David A.
Pine declined to let Durham APP
peal as a pauper and the Court
of Appeals granted his request.
Judge Pine had ruled that no
substantial question was raised
to warrant the appeal but De-
Tense Attorney Sidney Sachs
commended that the Judge had
erred In his charge to the jury.
In charging the jury, Judge
Pine had said that If Durham
were acquitted on insanity
grounds he. Judge Pine. would
commit him to st. Elizabeths.
The judge went on to say that
probably Durham would then be
released from the hospital in a
short time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18

Attorney Oliver GaSch told ne
with the safeguards later i'm
posed by Congress - has i'm
proved the administration of
Justice here.
The case that bears Durham's
name was one of the most cele-
brated in District legal history.
1t introduced a new concept Of
the insanity defense widely de-
bated IN legal and medical cir
cleS across the land.
Before the Durham case. a
Jury could find a man not gull
ty by reason of insanity if his
mental condition was such that
he could not distinguish right
from wrong or suffered from an
irresistible impulse to commit a
crime.
New Rule Set Up
In the Durham case, the
Court of Appeals broadened the
base for acquitting on grounds
of insanity. If the crime was
the product of a mental disease
or mental defect. the jury
should find the accused not
guilty by reason of insanity.
The new insanity rule that
bears Durham's name was es-
tablished on July /. 1854.
AS the District Council on Law
Enforcement reported 10 months
later, THE impact of the Dur
ham case in the field Of forensic
psychiatry was very great and
was International in its effect.
The critics and defenders of the
test established in the Durham
case are both legion, and the
sound of the conflict between
them has been heard from one
end Of the land TO the other"
On the one hand. the argu-
ment ragged that the Durham
rule would throw the doors wide
for malingerers to feign in
sanity and escape punishment.
On the other hand, propo-
nents of the Durham decision
including many psychiatrists
who had long been chatting
under the right and wrong
test"-hailed the decision as
giving psychiatrists their first
opportunity to present a true
picture of the accused's emo
tional pressures as we'll as his
intellect.
A Life Reviewed
The man whose case started
the hassle and the new insanity
rule had been in and out of
hospitals and jails for years be-
fore he became a cause celebre.
In 1945, when he was II years
old. he was discharged from the
Navy after a psychiatric exam
ination which found him suffer-
ing from a profound personality
disorder" Two years later, he
pleaded guilty to car theft, was
put on probation and attempted
suicide. That time, he spent two
months in st. Elizabeths Hos
pital.
In January, 1913, he was con-
victed for passing bad checks
and his probation was revoked.
After a few days in jail, a lun-
acy inquiry was held and he was
found Of unsound mind. He went
to st. Elizabeths Hospital for
Is months.
He returned to Jail, from which
he was conditionally released in
June, 1850. He violated the con-
ditions of his release by leaving
the District and when he heard
he was wanted as a parole vio-
lator he fed South with funds
from passing bad checks. When
he was returned to the District,
the Parole Board referred him to
District Court for a lunacy in
QUESTION and he was again found
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18
Years Sentence Ends
Famed Durham Case
By MIRIAM GUTENBERG

AS Monte w. Durham said. 1.-THE Durham has helped
everyone but Durham"
On plea Of guilty to petty larceny Durham sentenced
Friday to the maximum-a year in jail.
The sentence less than month after United States
Attorney oliver Gasch told that the Durham rule"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18
New Study Begun

While the appellate court was
considering Durham's second APP
peal, the law enforcement coun-
Gil completed its study. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18
Do You Want
a Traditional"
Bathroom?

No matter what period your home
may be :. Cape Cod, Early Ameri-
can. Provincial, Empire no
matter what the style of decor may
be John g. Webster's Planners
and Decorators will show you how
you can have a bathroom TO match.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18
We Will Make
Your Bathroom
Seem Larger!

Even II the limitations OF your
house make a smaller bathroom
necessary, we will make 1t seem
larger, with more useful room out
OF every square inch. Well do It
with light, airy colors, proper WALL
paper designs, fully planned built
ms and well proportioned fixtures.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18
Decision Amended

Mr.. Rover argued that defend
ants might be freed after ac-
quittal on mental grounds to
prey on society If nothing were
done.
A few days later, the appellate
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-19
Speed Asked
On Armory at
Alexandra

Alexandria officials are trying
to speed plans for an armory to
prevent the installation from
being located in Fairfax County.
lit. Col. Edward L. Black head
81 the Alexandria National Guard
unit. told the Fairfax County
Board Wednesday that it was
tired of Alexandria's delay in
working out plans. He said the
Guard is looking around for Fair
fax County sites.
Edward G.. Heatwole, tempo
rary city manager Of Alexandria
said he is investigating how to
speed plans for combination
armory- gymnasium auditorium
In Alexandria.
The city and Guard officials
have been discussing constvuc-
ton of a $750,000 building, fol
which the Federal Government
would contribute 100000.
Mr.. Heatwole said he talked
yesterday with Gen. Sheppard
Crump, adjutant general of the
Virginia National Guard. He sale
the general indicated that the
possibility of putting the armory
in Alexandria is still open fol
discussion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-19
|McKeIdin Names
Group to Study
Child Delinquency

BALTIMORE, May 10 GA
3l-man commission was named
yesterday to determine how
Maryland can prevent and con-
troll juvenile delinquency.
Chairman of the commission
for the prevention and treatment
of juvenile delinquency is Thorn
as Waxter. director of the State
Department of Public Welfare.
The 80 other members named
by Gov. McKeldin represent all
sections of the State and all
elements interested in curling
delinquency.
The Governor said the com.
mission will not be an admins.
trative body but will have the jot
lof evaluating existing service,
and stimulating communities tt
find ways of filling caps in exist
ing services and procedures.
Terming juvenile delinquency
a complex problem, the Governor
said everything that has to d.
with the behavior and adjust.
ment of children and families
can be involved"
The com mission includes
judges, religious leaders, educa,
tors, members of various socia
and civic agencies and heads o
Estate departments.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-19
|HoIdup Pair Gets
Prison Term Cut

A District couple. each sem
fenced to eight years in prison
for an Arlington holdup, yester-
day had three years of the terms
suspended in Arlington Circuit
Court.
Judge Walter T, Mccarthy
changed the sentences of Air
Force Sergt. Murray Nichols, 26,
and his wife, Zebra Kay, 81, of
the 1000 block Of New Hampshire
avenue NV, after hearing leni-
ency pleas from defense at
torneys Louis Koutoulakos and
Berton v. Kramer.
The couple was convicted in
March of attempting to take
$l02 last January 5 from a serv-
ice station at SOL Lee Highway,
Arlington,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-19
SUNDAYS BEST READING
Star Magazine Features
The Caves Of Virginia

LURAY CAvERNS EXPLORED Quentin R. Mott takes
you on fascinating tour Of the largest cave in
Virginia, considered one Of the most beautiful in the
world complete with a road map to all the cave
country of the State Photos by Elwood Baker
SHE'S HER OWN BOSS-In Teevue Magazines cover
story, Bernie Harrison interviews Actress Jane
Wyman, turned successful busnesswoman. In the
magazine. Sheah Graham's Hollywood
Report" brings you up to date on doings in the
movie capital Read TeeVues News of D. c.
Studios for the latest happenings on the local Tv
HIGHLIGHTS FOR WOMEN-World-fam historian
Arnold Toynbee and Star Society Columnist Betty
Beae find themselves agreeing important
phase of todays political picture For quotes from
both see Exclusively Yours" on the front page of
the Society Section.
WOULD YOU MAKE A GOOD BOSS?-Even If you
already are a boss test your executive capacity.
15-queStion quiz in This Week Magazine probably
will tell you lot of things you didn't know about
your qualifications.
EVEN IN 1882 District residents having trouble
making their voices heard in politics. Star Staff
Writer Harry BacaS tells about the Districts role
in the first national political conventions held in
that year.-Editoral Section.
Choose The Star Sunday when You Haze Choice
Phone Sterling $4,000 for Home Delivery
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-19
.WestNirginio
.Woos Plants
In Maryland

BALTIMORE. May 10 (R.-
Gov. William C. Marland, West
Virginia's travelling salesman,
Ilunched and talked industrial
Expansion with about Is in
Idustry represen t atives from
Maryland yesterday.
After it was over, Gov. Mar
land called the session livery
good. very good-one of the best
we've had"
1t was the 22d time he had
gone into other States to try to
sell" West Virginia to indus
trialists as a wonderful place in
which to expand.
Noticeably missing from those
attending was Gov. McKeldin
No one represented him, either
Gov. McKeldin earlier had la
beled Mr.. Marland's salesman.
ship tactics industrial Gamma
balism.
Gov. Marland said today HI
could not agree with Gov. Nc
Keldin's definition.
/ Among those attending thu
luncheon from West Virginia
were Ford Morrow of Ravens
wood and j. Paul Blundon O.
IKeyser. Both are members o.
the Governors citizens commit
tee to. induce new industry tt
West Virginia.
The list of Marylanders at
tending the luncheon was no
/. made public.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-19
RoudLocutions
MoyBeShifted
In Virginia

RICHMOND, Va. May 10. -
Higher right-of-way standards
in President Eisenhower's Fed.
eral aid road program might
force Virginia to consider chang
ing the location of some inter.
state highways.
George D. Felix. State right
Iof-way engineer. told the Vir-
ginia Highway Commission yes
terday it would cost $1,000 tc
100000 a mile to buy added
Irights-of-way required under the
proposed Federal aid program
because many of Virginia's in.
terstate roads pass through
heavily built up areas.
He said the right-of way cos
probably could be reduced tt
100000 a mile by changing
route locations in many areas
The total cost per mile is sup
posed to be 100000 under tn,
Federal programs.
Under the Federal aid bill
which has passed the House
Virginia would receive some $60t
million for interstate roads il
the next Is years. About 1,00(
miles of Virginia highways arr
designated as interstate roads.
New standards anticipated un-
der the bill would require rights.
of-way 800 feet wide, said Mr.
Felix. The average right-of-way
on Virginia roads is now 100 feet
although some are 200 feet wide
! Interstate roads in northern
Virginia presumably eligible fol
widening if the Federal aid pro-
gram passes include No. l high
way, Route 29-211 and Route so
No. l highway is lined with
development, and conceivabl!
could be one of the most expen'
sive roads in the State for which
to obtain a 300-foot right-of'
way.