davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-24
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
About the Social Life of the Squirrel
By THOMAS R. HENRI

The average life span of a
squirrel after leaving its
mothers nest, it was found.
is about 10 months. OF 1000
animals leaving the nests in
the study. 533 could be ex-
pected to be alive at the end
of six months, 285 at the end
of II months, 81 at the end
of two years. Only one could
be expected to live into its
sixth year.
Pet squirrels have been
known to live as long as Is
years, but it is improbable
that any ever die of old age
in their natural surroundings.
The mystery of the "sea boot
owls" has been solved by scien-
lists of the University of Mary
lands Chesapeake Biological
Laboratory.
The strange phenomenon OF
"owls" hooting in chorus under
the water-some say, however.
that the sound is more like
that of muted fog horns-lS
due to the mating calls Of the
toad fish, one of the ugliest
of sea- creatures, according to .
report just issued.
A single call is heard. fol-
lowed by two or three others
spaced a few seconds apart.
The serenades continue for
four or five minutes after
which there is a silent period
of about 10 minutes. Noises
occurring between the loud
clear calls, sounding like
echoes, are heard frequently
SO that the phenomenon has
been described as like a chorus
of green tree frogs honking
softly and answering each
other in a pond or marsh"
During field studies Of
sounds made by toad fishes in
early June, the pre-spawning
period, a medley of calls re-
sembling boat whistles, fog
horns and faraway bell buoys
were heard. Sometimes there
were pairs of sounds from one
apparent source. Such sounds
were spaced a few seconds
apart and were equally intense.
Sound Mating Calls
The phenomenon has been
studied by DR.. Marie F. Fish
of the University of Rhode
Island who found that in 4
few cases the sound came from
a male who had been guarding
a nest of eggs. In other cases
the sounds were clearly mating
calls.
The toad fish, according to
the report, produces sounds by
means of an air bladder with
special muscles. Artificial
stimulation Of the nerve or
muscle tissue of this organ.
after it has been removed from
the fish. produces the same
sort of sound.
Besides the boot owl sound,
it was found the toad fish pro-
duces a coarse growl or angry
grunt. These are associated
especially with males guard
ing nests.
Spawning aggregations Of
from two to six toad fishes
have been observed under logs.
planks and in holes in the bay
bottom mud. A nest always
is guarded by the male until
the eggs hatch.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-24
"TAKoMA PARK. Md.

'"TAKOMA PARK, Md.
Dear Sir:
I'VE are having a problem
with our dog Sandy, a golden
retriever, aged about one year,
judging from the way he chews
crayons, wooden toys, etc.
HE was a stray whom we
took in. He is very friendly,
but at first, evidently, was SO
used to people feeding him but
not wanting him for a perma-
nent pet, he did not stay
with us.
when we saw him again,
we convinced him that we
loved him and wanted to keep
him, and he was so thankful
and affectionate.
HE is a very well behaved
dog, house broken, gentle, and
minds we'll, except for one
thing.
Evidently he had been a
stray for quite a while and was
used to running away.
IT cannot be sure that he
Will stay anywhere near the
house. l have seen him wan
dering as far as IL blocks away
and he stays away sometimes
for days.
II know he is very clever
about traffic, but ! would like
to have him around home, SO
when We call him. he would
come. and would know where
he was each night.
IF we can ever get our back
fence fixed, could put him in
the back yard, but would a
dog who is used to wandering
be happy? 1t is tremendous
yard, about four times the size
of most city yards.
ANY advice you can give
me as to how to train him
and yet keep him happy will
be appreciated, as we are very
fond of him and he is beauti-
full dog.
Sincerely. T. j. H."
Il \
In the springtime a young
dogs fancy lightly turns to
Well, everybody knows what
the mind turns to, Of course,
but with a dog. something can
be done about 1t.
In the first place. the fellow
can be kept in the basement
at night.
That's the surest way to
know where he is.
In the daytime. he may be
kept on a long leash run from
a wire with a pulley, SO that
he has a certain degree Of
motion, but cannot get away.
This life will tire him UNI
less he is taken around the
neighborhood on a leash at
least twice a day.
All dogs love this promenade.
Much fun has been poked
at the dog walker, but he is a
part of life.
Even the Romans had dogs.
Cicero. one OF their philoso-
pliers. spoke Of the lap dog,
and didn't like it.
II a dogs movements are to
be circumscribed. he must be
given some alternative. as he
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-24
'PIiqht' of the Neqro

In his article of May 10,
Thomas L. Stokes nearly broke
down and wept over the
plight" of the Negroes in the
South. He failed to mention
the mass migration of Ne
groes to the North, which, if
it long continues, would
greatly lessen the racial prob
lem in Dixie. A swelling stream
of Negro migration is pouring
into Chicago, where officials
are trying to cope with a seri-
Gus health problem, big relief
rolls, and mounting crime. In
the April Is issue Of the Unit
ed States News and World
Report. it is stated that "ev-
cry night, at the Twelfth
Street railroad station, you can
see the City of New Orleans
disgorging bewildered Negroes
carrying babies, suitcases and
cardboard boxes as they look
around for waiting relatives
who, themselves. may have
arrived in Chicago only a few
months ago."
Preachers, politicians and the
NAACP have sold large num-
bers Of Southern Negroes on
"civil rights" and racial in
tegration. . The indignation
campaign, which is accompa-
MED by numerous law suits.
political pressure, economic
pressure Gas in Jackson. Tenn }
picketing las in Dallas, and
mass boycotting las in Mont
gomery, Ala.). is causing deep
resentment against the Negro
people by Southern whites.
The whites are organizing Tor
their own defense. and they
no longer trust, defend. pro-
tect and feed Negroes the way
they did a year or two ago.
Negroes who are agitating for
racial indignation have bitten
the hands that fed them once
too often. They no longer have
white friends to fall back on;
the NAACP will not feed and
clothe them; and when they
seek help, there is nothing for
them to do but 60 North.
Elgar Smith.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-24

Squirrel society is a rigidly
graded aristocracy and autoc-
racy. The "old man" is boss.
This is the finding from a
study Of squirrels social &C
tivities just reported by Johns
Hopkins University scientists
who worked with a restricted
population in a wooded area
just outside Baltimore.
Social life of many animals.
says the report. has remained
a mystery because of mans in
ability to distinguish one in
dividual from another. But
combining the use of perma-
nent fur dye with clipping tail
hairs it was possible to mark
several squirrels so that in
dividuals could be recognized
when seen. The animals were
watched with binoculars from
a blind and records kept on
their behavior.
The most interesting dis
covery was that the squirrels
in a small section of the woods
had a system of social ranking.
Rank was determined by age
and sex. The Oldest always
had the highest rank. Usually,
however. males were dominant
over females of the same age.
One in Every Crowd
These always was one top
ranking individual who APP
peared to have the undisputed
right to drive all other squir-
rels away from food or from a
choice spot. There was one
in second place who could
chase away all others except
the top-ranking individual.
There was always one at the
bottom of the social order who
could be chased by all others
and could chase none in re-
turn.
Still it is a benevolent So
ciety in which nobody goes
hungry. The Johns. Hopkins
scientists suspected at first
that when there was an album
dance of squirrels those of
lowest rank would be so per-
secuted by those of higher
rank that they would perish
from starvation. This was not
the case because the food of
these animals is so scattered
that the loW-ranking individ-
uals simply stayed far enough
away from the others not to
be chased. Up to a density OF
five or six squirrels per acre
there was no indication that
those of low social rank Suf-
fered greater from threats or
attacks of their superiors.
1t also found that squirrels
usually stay close to home,
Most remain within an area
of from three to six acres from
which they seldom stray. even
if there is a food shortage
If starvation and disease cause
a drastic reduction in the num-
Der in one woodlot, there will
be very little movement OF
neighboring animals into the
area when conditions improve.
| A successful breeding season
usually will replace the reduced
numbers. This explains why
there may be good hunting in
one patch of woods while a
nearby field yields almost no
| game.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-24
A Stockholders View

In this country the rights of
minority groups are supposed
to be protected. and I believe
in the end that Congress will
protect the minority stockhold.
erS of the Capital Transit Co.,
and am one of those minority
stockholders. Just because GER
tain people are mad with Wolf
son and his associates is no
reason why these same people
should be mad with me.
The people of Washington
could have purchased the stock
which the Wolfson group
bought, but Washington simply
did not do so. Perhaps certain
banks and local bankers are to
blame for not calling local in
vestors' attention to the desir-
ability of purchasing Capital
Transit Co. stock just before
the Wolfson people bought in.
AS result OF the over
cautious and misery dividend
policy of the former manage
ment the stock in the COM
pany was selling at depressed
prices through no fault of Mr..
Wolfson. The dividends paid
by the transit company be-
fore the advent of Wolfson
were far less than the divi-
dends paid by the Chesapeake
& Potomac Telephone Co.,
the Washington Gas Light
Co. and the Potomac Electric
Power Co. based on the money
invested and on accumulated
funds.
If it should be decided that
it would be best to eliminate
the streetcars. this should be
accomplished over a period of
perhaps ten or more years,
and the minority stockholders
should not be made to suffer
because some people are angry
with Wolfson.
Congress cancelled the Cap
ital Transit Co.'S franchise on
being assured that other pri-
waite interests would rush in
and take over the operation of
the transit company. No other
company has come in. and re-
CARELESS of what may be said
against Mr.. Wolfson, the Capt.
tai Transit Co. had $3.488.-
1888 in the bank on December
81, 1855. and the company had
no bonded debt.
AS a minority stakeholder,
1 feel that justice calls for the
restoration of the local tran
sit franchise to the Capital
Transit Co. and that reason
able provision be made for an
annual return of 6 per cent or
6l2 per cent on the fair value
Of the properties owned by the
company.
Small Investor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-24
Second Bottle of SoIerno
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
Sdtton.
in the country, and the SOBSI
labor union, Indonesia's larg-
est, is said to be Communist
dominated, Indonesians seem
to feel confident of their abil-
ity to handle possible third
revolt The fact that no Com
muniStS are in government
despite Communist strength
demonstrated in the general
election this year should sug-
gest to the viewer that the In
donesians prefer to work for
national development without
the Communists. CIndonesia is
a multiparty nation based in
principle on proportional rep
resentation.)
Mr.. Lawrence asks what
other possible motives the
United States might have
when it grants aid if it is not
for the stability of the region
of Southeast Asia. Certainly
he must recognize that Amer
lea has many motives in grant,
ing aid. The stability of the
area may or may not be the
dominant motive. Probably
our aid program in Indonesia
aims at solving the serious
economic problems of an
underdeveloped country in Or
der to alleviate a situation the
Communists might exploit.
Both Indonesia and the United
States profit by this aid. An
other motive is the traditional
American concern for people
of all nations who are hungry,
sick or in need. We have an
Swered these needs through
our Government or private
agencies. Mr.. Lawrence is quite
correct, however, when he
points out that Congress adj
vocates economic aid as a sup
plement to military aid ito
make sure allied countries
grow economically stronger"
Economic aid is not considered
of value in and of itself with
some exceptions) and it is only
for "allies," those who COM
NIT themselves to our camp.
We are beginning to learn that
not all countries are willing to
join our bloc-and fortunately
they will not join the other
bloc.
While isolation is not pos
Sible today, Americans should
attempt to understand Indo-
nesia's position. Indonesia,
just as early America. is pre-
occupied with internal devel-
opment and stability. We
should not expect Indonesia to
act in any manner but what
she conceives to be in her ma
tional interest. Mr.. Lawrence
is quite correct in reminding
us that memories are short. We
Americans fought for our in
dependence but did not recog-
nize Indonesia's struggle
against colonialism until it
had been won. While the
Dutch still occupy West Irian
in violation of the 1949 Round
Table Conference Agreement,
the United States steadfaStly
remains neutral" to use Mr..
Dulles expression. If we did
not support Indonesia's Strug-
gle for freedom, and If we do
not support her legitimate
position now, how are we to
expect that Indonesia should
support us? If we decry "neu-
tralism" and remain neutral
ON matters of vital interest to
Indonesia, can you expect In
donesia to support our posi-
ton? There must be mutual
cooperation and understand
Inn IILslIin ID AGaHa.A...
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-24
Questions and Answers
By THE HASKIN SERVICE

@. Was the complete report
Of the White House Conference
on Education ever published?
&C. o.
A. Yes. 1t may be had for
40 cents mo stamps accepted
from the Superintendent OF
Documents, Government Print
ing once. Washington rs. D. c.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-24

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriterS correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
SQtion.
Evening star., 1956-08-29

shooting down enemy bombers.
In Korea, the Communists
came up with the MIG is with
20 and 81 millimeter cannon
against the United States planes
50-caliber machine guns.
It was contended then that
the Vulcan has a firing rate
several times faster" than the
guns in the Reds craft,
The Vulcan. demonstrated in
IA complicated static position at
this hugh proving ground, will
be used in the F-104 jet fighter,
only recently revealed in Cali
Ifornia at more than 1,400 miles
an hour, and the coming B-5S
medium bomber, which will be
the successor to the thousands
of Bats which constitute a large
Evening star., 1956-08-29


which, along with General
Electric. it developed for use in
the Air Forces fastest jet planes.
In fact. the demonstration was
a show that would have glad
dened the heart of the military'S
top boss, Defense Secretary
Charles E. Wilson, even though
there was some waste in the
process.
To demonstrate the prowess OF
the Vulcan, an old World War II
Navy SB2D Hellcat dive bomber
was towed in the line of fire. The
old plane burned flercely for
half-an-hour after a burst from
the Vulcan at 5000 rounds a
minute, which was half its tor
rate of fire. 1t was the climax
of this demonstration.
To make a contrast with the
fastest-firing gun built for to-
morrow's air age, the Army broke
Evening star., 1956-08-29

portion Of this country's deter
rent force against the Iron
Curtain.
The Vulcan has been under
development since World War II.
Actually it is a super-machine
gun.
In 1916 Army Ordnance and
General Electric made a de-
tailed study of all types of
machine gun mechanisms in the
United States. The Gatling gun
principle, Incorporating a cluster
of several rotating barrels, was
chosen because its tremendous
Evening star., 1956-08-29

out and old Calling gun, made
in Hartford, Conn.,, in 1862.
The newest weapon for the
atomic age has borrowed two
design features" from the Civil
War Gatling gun. Both guns
have a rotating multi-barreled
cluster and both are externally
driven. External power for the
Gatling crank gun came from
human energy as the operator
turned the crank (1,100 rounds
per minute at top muscle speed
The Vulcan is externally
powered by either electricity or
hydraulic fluid.
The Vuncan is the answer
Air Force pilots demand as a
result of experience in Korea,
and officials said it is the most
powerful gun yet developed for
Evening star., 1956-08-29

Irate-of FIRE potential and basic
reliability under varying condi-
tions of altitude and tempera-
Iture.
vulcan is the answer for to-
days high-speed defense against
| fighter aircraft it was said. The
Irate-of- fire of the new 20-milli-
meter cannon is ideal where a
split-second operation is man
datory.
The new machine gun can ex-
pend more shells in l minute
than an infantry rifle company
lof 400 men can shoot in 20
Evening star., 1956-08-29

seconds. The six rotating barrels
greatly reduce the problem Of
barrel erosion and heat genera
ton normally associated with
high cyclic-rate guns.
Evening star., 1956-08-29
New MuIti-BorreI Gun
For Jet Planes Revealed
BY JOHN A. GILES
Star STAFF Correspondent

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, Md. Aug. 2s-"The most
uoant machine gun available today" and the first specifically
desgned for todays supersonic arcrafbu still containing
features developed prior the Civil Warhas been unveiled
The Army yesterday proudly demonstrated its 2Omi-
meter Vulcan named after the ancient god of e)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-22
ADAM A. WESCHLER & SON,
neerS-Appraisers

SALE OF VALUABLE
DWELLINGS,. ! J. ROOMS AND 5e ;
BATHS EACH; 1444 and l446
HARVARD ST. NV
BY virtue of two deeds of trusts
ct SEQ, and Liber 9426 at folio 10
ct sea, respectively. Of the land
records of the District OF Column
bia and at the request of party
secured thereby, the undersigned
trustees will offer for sale by
public auction. in front OF the
Tf TIE sEco ISf~i Say on OF Mo HPR
1856, AT FOUR O'CLOCK PM.
the following described properties
in the District OF Columbia. TO
wit: No. l444 Harvard St, NV.
DESIGNATED as Lot 81 in Henry H
Bergmann's subdivision Of Block Al
in the North Grounds of Colum-
corded in the once Of I'll the Surveyor Sur
for the District OF Columbia in
Liber 81 at folio 46. Said property
taxed as Lot 81 in Square @66S
Subject to right to use Of the East
wall Of the house on said lot. as a
party wall, free OF cost. AS granted
folio 1886, Of the Land Records of
the. District of Columbia, Also No.
1446 Harvard ST. NV, DESIGNATED
as Lot 40 in Clarence L. Hardings
subdivision in Block 40. North
Grounds of Columbia UNIVERSITY
as per plat recorded in the Office
of tine Surveyor for the District OF
Columbia in Liher County L at
f saHsr. ie sass Taxed as Lot 40 in
TERMS OF SALE: No, 1444 Harvard
ST., NV, will be sold subject to
mately Sl.666 81, payable S?7 50
per month including interest at
80: No. l446 Harvard ST., NV.
will be sold subject to a prior
sefd q trust psya sST aepTSxlRatsy
month including interest at So;
Over and above said trusts. Cash.
A deposit of $4,000 on each of
the properties required OF pur-
chaser or purchasers at sale. Ex-
animation Of title, conyeyancine
recording, revenue stamps and ro-
tarial fees at cost OF purchaser
Piled with within 80 oays from
reserve the right TO resell prop
critics at risk and cost OF defauitins
purchaser or purchasers after )
days advertisement of such resale
or. resales in some newspaper pub
lished In WASHINGTON. D. c., or
deposits may be forfeited, or with
out torfeiting deposits. trustees
or equitable rights AGAINST de-
faultine purchaser or purchasers
hs4ahR Il MrL yAEHb f fT srd
mh"2 .ci..7.293l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-22
THoS. J. OWEN q son, Auctioneers
iii E st. NV.

sTosY row s5S q Bs Hs!Sao pw EEkFE
f KN1Ms STREET Al PF NoRfHwrs l3Ss
BY virtue Of certain deed Of trust
guiy recorded. in Liber No l0177:
Folio 1853 ct seq. Of. the land
rec records q 4, the District Of Golumbis
secured thereby the undersigned
trustees will sell at public auction
in front Of the premises, on FRI.
DAY. THE TWENTY THIRD DAY
OF MARCH I'D. 1855. AT FOUR
THIRTY O'CLOCK P M. the fol-
lowing described land and premises.
situate IN the District of Columbia,
IS in Harry Wardman's subdivision
Heights" as per ,lat recorded in
the once Of the Surveyor for the
District of Columbia in L!her
County 10 at folio lis said Block
35 now known for purposes of as
Sessment and taxation as Square
Terms: Sold subject to a prior
building association deed OF trust
for approximately Ss.8c4 50. fur
ther particulars OF which will be
announced at time OF sale: the pur-
chase price above said trust to be
paid in, cash. A deposit Of $500 90
required. Conveyancins. recording.
ETC.. al purchasers cost. Adjust
ments made as OF date OF sale.
Terms to be complied with within
30 days. otherwise deposit for
feited and the property may be
advertised and resold at the discre-
ton of the trustees
FRANK PARONI,
z. SPENCER FITZGERALD.
mh13 .15. 200 Trustees
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-22
CROMELIN, RAYSOR. FLETCHER,
WALSH AND LAUDERDALE
ATTORNEYS
National Press BLDG.
WASHINGTON, ID, c.

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
for the District of Columbia. Hold
ing Probate Court No. S9.3l2,
Administration, This is to Give
Notice. That the subscriber, of the
State Of Florida has obtained from
the Probate Court of the District
OF Columbia, Letters Testamentary
on the estate of Evelyn L. Lee. also
known as Evelyn Lewis Lee and Eva
Lewis Lee. late OF the District Of
Columbia, deceased. All persons
having claims against the deceased
are hereby warned to exhibit the
same, with the vouchers thereof,
legally authenticated. to the SUBJ
scriber, on or before the 10th day
Of September, AID 1856; otherwise
they may by Law be excluded from
all benefit Of said estate. Given
under my hand this 18th day OF
March. 1886. BARBARA LEE
DEARGO, PaSco Lane. Route -
Cocoa Florida Seal Attest;
FRANK. j RURKART. Deputy Res
lister OF Wills for the District of
Columbia. Clerk OF the Probate
Court. mhl5,a2. 80
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-22

Accountants to $4,000
Many Other Fine Positions
COL UMBiA Ascy.. l34l @ 81, NV
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-22
HAMILTON AND HAMILTON,
Attorneys.
U1.so- nILH

otu OHtUh AIust DUE
STATES DISTRICT COURT
for the District OF Columbia. Hold
ing Probate Court. OF
Herbert W, Hope, Deceased NO.
$3.50. Administration Docket 1877.
Application having been made
herein for probate of the last will
and testament of said deceased ano
for letters testamentary on said
estate. by Robert j. Corbey, It Is
ordered this 18th day Of March.
AID. 1855. that the unknown heirs
al Jaw and next of kin of the said
Herbert w. Hope, deceased, and all
others concerned, appear IN said
Court on Monday, the 23rd day OF
April. AID 1855. at 1000 o'clock
AM. to show cause why such ap-
plication should not be granted.
Let notice hereof be published in
the Washington Law Reporter"
and The Evening Star once III
each OF three successive weeks be-
fore the return day herein men
toned, the first publication to be
not less than thirty days before
said return day. Witness. the Hon.
orable BOLITHA J. LAWS, Chief
Judge OF said Court, this 18th day
of March, A D. 1856 iSeal.l Attest:
FRANK J. BURKART Deputy Res
lister OF Wills for the District OF
Columbia, Clerk Of the Probate
Court. mhl5,22,"9