davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-02
Problems of Small Businesses

improving the health of small
businesses than any tax
favorS.
Nor is anything to be gained
by penalizing large companies
which have been able to de-
duct for taxes their expenses
for research. This deduction
means development of new
businesses later on and more
employment. A tax deduction
that stimulates employment
should never be repealed just
because it helps big business.
too. Likewise the system of
improved compensation for
talented executives, made pos
sible by stock options which
are treated better now than
before under the new tax laws,
is something that should not
be abolished. Rather, ways
and means should be found to
assist small businesses to get
the same or other forms of in
centive benefits.
It is true that small bust
neSSeS nave trouble raising
equity capital and need to be
able to keep more out of their
earnings. But soundly man.
aged businesses of all sizes can
get working capital at least
from banks today. There has
been tremendous progress in
that line through three and
Ave year loans. These were
unheard of IS years ago. Like
wise, plant and machinery can
be bought on equipment mort
cages.
Senator Fulbright ip a re-
cent Senate speech said
frankly he didn't have any So
luton to the problem but he
helped the cause by drawing
attention to the nature of some
of the things that plague small
businesses.
The answer will be found
only after a continuous study
Of individual caSes-for there
is much to be learned about
the handicaps of small busi-
ness and these cannot all be
blamed on the large COMPETE
tor. There are many persons
in small businesses who lack
the training and experience,
and even when they have it
ana build up their own COM
panles, the inheritance tax
Laws often force them into
mergers with large COMPETE
tors. It's a subject that de-
serves more attention from
Congress than it has been
given.
Reproduction Rights Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-02
Red Arms Plan
Up Tomorrow

LONDON, April 2 (R.-ThO
United Nations Big Five atomic
powers resume their disarn1a.
Iment talks tomorrow with Rus
sia's new proposal to reduce
armies sharply and freeze atomic
tests still a chief topic Of dis
cussion.
! United States officials in
Washington called the plan a
helpful base for negotiations but
said it is far from acceptable.
The U. N. Subcommittee on
Disarmament = Russia. Britain.
the United States, Canada and
France-has been in recess since
the Soviet Union presented its
plan last Tuesday.
The Russians called for Cd q
three month freeze on armies
and ornaments at the Deem
Der 81. 1855 level; 90 regular
cutbackS to a 1858 level Of Ia
million troops or less for each
iof the United States, Russia and
Red China, $4,000 each for
Britain and France and 100000
or less for other nations; 90 an
international disarmament con-
troll agency; "a a European
buffer zone including East and
West Germany where foreign
troops would be limited and
atomic weapons banned. and go
a freeze on nuclear weapons
tests.
The Russians dropped their
usual demand for a ban or
limitation on nuclear weapons
as the first step in disarmament
before anything is done on con-
lventional arms and troop
strength.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-02
Writer Calls Raids Politically Foolish;
Tax Exemption Is an Issue for Courts

ate at a vast annual deficit
Of about 100000 per year.
"Since we meet this deficit
through contributions and
loans, they demanded the
names Of our contributors and
lenders. Either We supply those
names. they said, or pay in
come tax on the funds. We
refused"
If the Treasury men had
then given formal notice that
the publications must pay
within a stated time-say two
weeks-or seizure would fol-
low. they would not only have
been right, but have given the
appearance Of being right. and
not blown wind into the Com
munist sails. The publications
could then have posted a bond.
and appealed their case in
court, as they now, they say.
intend to do.
The Internal Revenue Serv-
ice has the right and duty to
know the sources Of all rev.
enue on which a taxpayer
claims exemption.
The Communist papers are
published by a corporation,
The New Press, Inc. They oper-
ate as a commercial enter
prise, soliciting and publish
ing advertising, launching per-
petual subscription drives, and
selling on newsstands.
II the publishers are the
recipients Of tax-exempt funds,
1t is up TO them TO prove 1t.
And this they cannot do If they
withhold the names Of lenders
and gift-giverS.
II the Internal Revenue
Service is, for instance, in
vestigating my tax return and
! assert that in the year under
investigation | received $4,000
as a gift from my Aunt Mabel.
must give them Aunt Mabel's
full name and address.
An Internal Revenue agent
will certainly call on the lady.
get her testimony on whether
she gave me the gift, investi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-02
DAVID LAWRENCE
Best Way to Help Them Is to Find
How to Correct Their Weakness

Lately there has developed
in Congress an understandable
concern for the small" bust
nesSes of America, and legisla-
ton has been proposed to help
them.
But the more such proposals
are studied the more they APP
pear to be methods of impair
ing and retarding larger bust
nesses-the companies which
employ the largest number of
employees.
The tendency of some DEM
ocrats in Congress is to assume
that it is the function of the
Federal Government to equal
iZe competition - to confer
somehow on the small bust
nesses the advantages enjoyed
by big businesses and that the
way to do it is to start weak
ening the larger enterprises.
The sensible approach--to
study the weaknesses of small
businesses and enable them to
grow stronger by the very
methods used by the larger
concerns-has not seeped in
yet. This is largely because
those members of Congress
who usually attempt to dis
cuss these problems are them
selves not familiar by personal
experience with the fundamen-
tai questions that plague small
business in America.
First Of all, there is little
understanding Of just what is
meant by small" business.
Senator Fulbright, Democrat
of Arkansas, who is rightly
concerned about the tax ques-
ton as it affects smaller COM
panieS, offered an amendment
last month which would give
companies with incomes of less
than $225.000 slightly lower
corporation tax to pay while
those with incomes in excess
of that sum would be required
to pay more taxes than under
present law.
But the question is What is
small?" One steel business
with a volume of sales annually
of $500 million considers itself
a small steel company" when
it views its larger competitor
like the U. S. Steel Corporation
with volume of sales running
close to 50 billion.
The present law gives a little
break to small" companies by
applying lower tax rates to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-02

Assets of insured banks
totaled approximately $3.50 bill
lion on December 81. 1855. he
said yesterday.
Deposits of insured banks grew
by "A per cent during the year
and amounted to 1912 billion at
the end of the year.
Mr.. Cook said that at the
end of 1855 the FDIC was in
surfing deposits in 13,457 banks.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-02
CONSTANTINE BROWN
KremIin Busy Wooing YugosIov Boss;
Marshal Continues Independent Status

that Tito's independent stand
was boon to the West.
AS the startling extent of
Tito's triumph became more
and more apparent, the United
States led in advancing mill
tary and economic aid to the
Yugoslav government. The de-
f1ance must be supported at all
costs, our policymakers rea-
soned, if a small but important
bridgehead in the Balkans was
to be kept intact in the midst
of the Red conqueStS all about.
But at no time did our mill
tary and diplomatic leaders
really trust the Tito regime.
1t was plain that so long as
the venom spewed forth from
Moscow and the satellite cap
itals. it would pay to support
the YugoSlav marshal up to a
point. But sight was not lost
at any time of the fact that
Tito was. after all, a con-
vinced and dedicated Commu-
mist and therefore a most I'M
trustworthy ally.
Since the death of Stain.
however, the Moscow line has
reversed itself on the subject
of Tito, as it sometimes ap-
pears to have done on so many
other issues.
MesSrs. Khrushchev and Bull
ganin made a state visit to
Belgrade last year. All was
joviality, sweetness and light.
But Tito remained aloof. He
was affable but independent.
Since then, however, the Rus
slams have overlooked no OPP
portunity to improve relations
between the Kremlin and Bel
grade.
Today the Belgrade regime
stands as a monument to the
success of one little nation in
repelling the domination of
Moscow. But as relations be-
tween Moscow and Belgrade
continue to improve in warmth
and cordially, American lead
ers have become increasingly
concerned.
There is, after all, nothing
to prevent a complete resump-
ton of friendship and Com
munist ties between the two
regimes.
Top State Department off,
Gals and most close observers
of the intrigues of politics in
the Balkans do not really ex-
pect this to happen at any
time within the foreseeable
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-02

While there is little being
said about it at the moment.
our top diplomatic and military
men these days are keeping
sharp and wary eye on devel-
opments in the relationship
between Marshal Tito's Com
munist Yugoslavia and the
Kremlin. They have good
reason.
1t will be remembered. of
course, that Marshal Tito, a
longtime professional Red
who fought for the Loyalists
in the Spanish Civil War and
later. during World War II.
succeeded in discrediting COM
pletely the Mihailovich anti
Nazi guerrillas in Yugoslavia
after the German conquest Of
that strife-ridden Balkan ma
ton, also succeeded in defying
Moscow during the Stain
regime.
Tito's defiance was looked
upon as a turning point in the
up-to-that-time steady march
of the Communist enslavers Of
Central and Eastern Europe.
1t was freely predicted that
Tito would be quickly annihi-
lated. either by assassination
or by political upheaval within
the Communist Party of Yugo-
slavia. Neither took place.
Within a couple years Tito
had made his independence
stick. The fury Of the Soviet
chieftains knew no bounds.
The choicest invective in the
large Communist stock was
used to portray the embattled
Marshal as Fascist, a tool
of Wall Street imperialists, a
traitor to his people, and a
general all-around villain.
A new bloody purge swept
the Communist regimes of the
world and the Communist
parties everywhere. The Red
governments of the European
satellites behind the Iron Cur
tain were brutally disrupted.
their top leaders flung into
Jail and stood against walls
for the firing squads.
Yet. despite the brutality,
the blood and the fury, Tito
won. He administered as sound
a diplomatic and political de-
feat to the Communists as they
had ever suffered at the hands
of anyone. And, in time, it
became apparent to the lead
ing nations of the Free World
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-02

The seizure of the Daily
Worker and Communist Party
establishments by the director
OF the Lower Manhattan in
come tax Office seems TO
have backfired. Donald Moysey,
the Manhattan director, said
at the beginning that the &C
ton was on his own initiative,
and his call to Washington is
interpreted as reproof.
Obviously, the action in New
York was coordinated with &C
tions elsewhere in the country.
Where the idea originated is
still unclear.
The action, 1t seems to me,
was politically foolish. The dis
trict director acted under the
Jeopardy assessment" proce-
dure, which is rarely used -
though there are precedents.
BY merchandising the action,
he afforded the Communists
opportunity to raise the BAN
ner of freedom Of the press
and the claim Of political per-
Secution here and, Of course,
abroad. win the support Of the
Civil Liberties Union, the New
York Post, and perhaps other
newspapers, and cover and
confuse the real issue--which
Is simply whether these organ
izations can claim tax eXemp-
ton without revealing the
sources of their income.
The Communist papers in
sist they can. Treasury agents
insist they cannot. There is no
doubt in my mind that the
Treasury is right.
Nor did II sWoop down and
seize the properties out Of the
blue sky. It's agents gave oral
notice to the Communist Party
and publications six months
ago.
The Daily Worker itself re-
vealed that when Treasury
agents examined the publica-
tons books then, they saw
What everyone OF our readers
&ready knows, that we oper-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-02
Formosu Sending
Two Diplomats Here

TAIPEI, Formosa, April 2 up.
Nationalist China is to have
both a new Ambassador and a
new Minister Counselor a /
Washington.
The new Ambassador is ex-
pected to be Hollington X. Tong,
now Ambassador to Japan. Chu
Fu-Sing, spokesman for the for
eign Office since 1852, has been
named Minister Counselor. Tong
is going to Washington TO sue
ceeb V. K. Wellington Koo, who
Is y firing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-02

those with incomes Of $500
or under. But that's the psy-
chology of the year 1900. To-
day a small business is one
that makes $500,000 to 81 mil
lion a year before taxes in
certain lines or one that does
a volume of $40 million in an
industry where the largest
competitor has a gross income
of 500 million a year.
Too often it is forgotten that
a company in some industries
which makes even $40 million
a year in profits before taxes
is unable to build up quickly
the plant and equipment nee
eSsary to compete with the
larger companies in its field
because the tax laws take So
per cent a year out of these
earnings and leave little for
future development after set
ting aside reserves and paying
the wages of invested capital.
This means little is available
for new plant and machinery
to bring costs down. The tax
deduction permitted through
depreciation" of equipment
brought help to some extent
but not enough.
The statistics of income
really afford no answer. Size is
relative. The hazards of small
business are great. Hence in
vestors hesitate to buy stock
in them. Worst of all is the
way the big labor unions have
been frustrating the growth
Of small businesses.
Harold Ruttenberg. who
used to be a CLIO leader along
side the late Phil Murray and
now is the president of a small
steel manufacturing company,
gave an interview to U. S.
News g. World Report a few
weeks ago outlining the dam
age done by labor union
leaders nowadays to small
businesses in the manufac-
turing industries. He didn't
advocate differentials in pay
as between employees in large
and small businesses. He said
this wouldn't solve anything.
But he did say labor union
leaders could modernize their
thinking and help to get larger
productivity and more effici-
ency into the small plants. It's
an area that hasn't been ex-
plored at all by Congress and
affords more opportunity for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-02
)NSTANTINE BROWN
Tito Bears Close Watch by West

future. But the chance always
exists that 1t might.
The thinking now seems to
be that the best course Of ac-
ton is to wait and see. mean
while keeping on good terms
with Tito but guarding care
fully against another surprise
switch.
The situation is not expected
to. "jell" until the current up
roar within the Communist
Party of the Soviet Union dies
down a bit. But it bears close
watching,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-02
$3.50 of Bank Assets
Insured by FDlC

BY the Associated Press
H. E. Cook, chairman of the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
reports that over 95 per cent
of the assets of all banks in the
Nation were insured during 1855
by the FDIC.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-11

A Safeway Chuck Roast pro-
vides generous portions of
tender, delicious meat so
your meat money goes far
ther. It's got the same good
meat flavor as a rib roast,
eats tender as a T-bone.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-11

Of business SATURDAY October m p
COraH Chase Conar
Laurel Indian Head
Church Mclean
LIMIT QUANIIIE
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-23

now and September-the last
one. q starring role (First
time Fred has ever signed a
player.
"Teen Talk" a panel program
designed for young people. makes
its debut on WTTG-5 Saturday
after next $3.50 to y. :. A
noted psychologist and a panel
of four students will answer
questions posed by teen-agers.
|. Sophie Altman is produc-
ing; Betty Jerome moderating
|. -. Il was wondering when a
program Of this type would get
on local Tv-at least four peo-
pile have approached me for adj
vice on teen formats.)
+ + 4
Scoreboard:
Sammy Davis. jr., and another
performer from Sammy's first
legit show, 'Mr. Wonderful" ran
through the score in a remote
from Philadelphia on Steve
Aliens Tuesday stanza -. Every
body agreed that the tunes were
great and I'd like to subscribe,
but on first hearing-1io.
IT'D like to see Sammy in a
revival of pal joey" with Pearl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-23

tor, Eddie Jackson and Jimmy
Durante sang and clowned
around bit. Cyd Charlse
looked beautiful. Dan DALEY adj
libbed line or two from the
script. That was 1t.
The Kukla, Fran and Ollie
commercial was great.
On the Run:
Red Buttons is learning his
lines for a Studio One" fantasy
March 26. =. It's his first TV
show in many months.
Dina Merrill feels Every fiat
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-23

Bailey playing Vivienne Segal's
part.)
Good acting by the players
Darren McGavin, Jim Golden
and Jerry Geller) made the
Circle Theateris recreation Of
the Connie prison camp ex-
'periences of 1t. Melvin Shad-
duck. United States Air Force, a
sometimes moving drama (WRC-
A.. =. I wish someone had ex-
|plained the rather loose way the
Reds seemed to guard the hos
|pitalized prisoners, though.
49,
Program Suggestion: From
Jacques H.
With crossword puzzles be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-23

top-ranking comedians saluting
one of their members.
The unlimited Pinky was the
only one who objected.
On the Vegas show. the line
came out meanly. There was q
polite, nervous laugh from the
audience.
Pinky's fans may be too little
to write, but wait until Miltie
starts opening his mail from
the Welk boosters!
On this I'm an expert. Any
reference In this column that
can be construed as a slight to
the Champagne maestro brings a
|barrage of mail. All Of it menac-
ing.
Take a walk with me some
times through the Star compos-
ing room, where sturdy Welk
contingent is deployed-like an
Indian gauntlet.
There is some evidence, Incl
dentally, that Weeks fans may
now outnumber Berries. The
band-leaders ratings generally
run between IA and II, topping
Mr.. Color Television's last pro-
gram.
The best thing about Berries
show Tuesday. come to think of
it. was the Dan Dailey-cyd Cha
irisse dance film clip from the
Meet Me in Las Vegas" movie.
The old Berle might have cracked
that MGM had just signed him
to appear in the sequel Bring
Money"
Well, that's the way it is with
Milton these sad days.
The one thing he should avoid
doing introducing guests and
talent Everybody is very. very"
this or that, he did for a solid
hour.
Oh yes. Peggy Lee, Eddie Can
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-23

coming more popular. tDhy
can't the TV people toork it
into a program? All you Mould
need Is a panel OF experts. a
giant electric crossword puzzle
board, and, OF course. a spon-
sor. II a panel OF experts
Mould not be available, then
select contestants and let then,
try to complete the puzzle for
a prize"
Not a bad idea, that. TUe
got the title for it. too: DotOn
and Across You Co."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-23

phonesl spent a fortune on
guests and talent for the costly
remote: arranging the order OF
their entry at the opening must
have been a hectic experience.
So what happens? Everybody
performs in front Of a complain
ing mike on a stake that could
have been just as easily located
In Burbank.
The material? Either old (the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-23

tered" fand rightly sol that pro-
Queer Fred Coe, Of MICS Play
wrights, Sc, has signed her to
appear exclusively on his series.
She'll do three shows between
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-23
ON THE AIR
An UnIucky Show
From Las Vegas
By BERNIE HARRISON

IF an atom bomb should Vegas tonight" Milton
celebrity house audience TUESDAY ngn
(WRC-4,, Lawrence welk would be overnight star
Mr. B, course, should know about bombs.
easily the bombardment of the week.
only producers and directors and micro
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-23
Mrs. Morrow Memorial

Smith College. Northampton,
Mass, will erect a new dormitory
as a memorial to Mrs. Dwight w.
Morrow, an alunnus Of the class
OF 1896 and a trustee of the coll
lege from 1920 until her death in
1855. Mrs. Morrow was also act
ing president of the college in
1939-40. The new building viii
be named for Sophia Smith,
founder of the college.
It's time to register as v0t-
ers. The place Is the District
Building. -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-23

Welk reference). tired or badly
rehearsed. Sometimes all three,
y
His allusion to the ABC per-
former is typical of Berle's lack
of comedy judgment. It seemed
funny the first time he pulled 1t
on Pinky Lee at q conclave of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25
Fashion Definition

OSTRICH FEATHERS: Not
since the gay nineties have
these curly plumes been SO
integral a part Of the fashion
scene. The fair lady" look
is trailing in its wake feather
hats, fans, and even fluffy,
waist-length feather boas.,
For a small. feathered touch,
consider: a necklet Of ostrich
salt-and-pepper plumes, tied
with a velvet bow; beige
plumes with colored tips,
mounted on a clip, to make a
side-dipped evening headdress;
pink. feather-duster tips on
your chignon chopstick.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

the third floor and turn left
toward the sound Of fun.
- y \
Local MOntanans are still
trying to get out the vote.
Their State Society is hold
ing its annual election next
Friday night. The time is
8 o'clock; the place. the Little
Auditorium, Leo Bernstein
Building, 1000 P street NV.
After exercising their fran
chise. attending members will
be rewarded with free sand
witches, doughnuts, coffee and
beer.
To close its 1856 season on a
gay note. the New York State
Society is giving a dance next
Saturday night in the main
ballroom Of the Shoreham
Hotel.
Servicemen in uniform will
be admitted to the l0-to-l
affair free. The fee for others
is $3.50.
The Dave McWilliams Or
cheStra will play and a local
dance instructor will again
conduct a dance instruction
from 8 to 10 pm, courtesy OF
the society.
Paul Bunyan himself
wouldn't have been recognized
in the Terrace Room Of the
National Airport Friday night
there were so many copies
staggering around.
The Minnesota State Society
held its annual Paul Bunyan
party there and all natives
and friends of the State from
this area were invited.
Whiskers for the men were
furnished by the organiza-
ton and prizes were awarded
for the best outfits.
AMELIA YOUNG
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

ming, gather the greatest NUM-
Der Of autographs tfrom others
presently and are able to guess
most accurately the number Of
beans in a pot.
Potential late-comers are
advised that the only door to
the building open after 8 pm.
will be the guard room en-
trance" at Delaware avenue
and c street because Congress
is not in session.; enter there,
take the automatic elevator to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

The program for this affair.
the Society's first membership
party Of the year, will include
such games as Chuck-a-luck.
Roulette and HOUSEKEEPING
Gust for fun, Of course) and
a Big Surprise which the en-
tertainment committee insists
upon keeping under its hat. We
can tell you this much: a prize
is involved.
Prizes will also be given to
persons who have the most
money" at the end Of the eve