davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-22
l Acre. $16.95O

3-bedrm. rambler. Lge. liv. rm.,
firepl, din. rm.. kit. pantry. coy
bsmt Storm windows, screened
porch. Lee. garden, planted: straw
berries, beaut. flowers. outdoor fire-
pl Quiet surroundings.
JOHN BURDOFT, 1878 Colesville
I'd, Silver Sprins. Md. Call EV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-26
Jobs for Teen-Aoers

There is increasing evidence of the
need for modifying our child labor laws
In the interest not only of easing family
hardships but of curbing juvenile delin-
quency. Chairman G. Rowland Shaw Of
the Commissioners Youth Council and
Police Inspector John E. Winters of the
Police Departments Youth Aid Division
recently have spoken out sharply against
ill-advised restrictions that prevent or
hamper teen-agerS from taking jobs. Mr..
Shaw described the restrictions as "out-
moded" and conspiracy against the
teen-ager." Inspector Winters said he
has found that difficulties in qualifying
for work permits have aggravated the
delinquency problem here.
Liberalization of the present laws to
permit children under Is to take part
time employment after school would help
the situation, according to Hugh Smith,
principal of Jefferson Junior High School,
who discussed the problem at a meeting
OF the Youth Council Mr.. Smith said
that one frequent complaint of children
who want to do odd jobs for pay is that
there is so much red tape involved in
obtaining permit that they lose interest
In tob-seeking. For example, a require
ment for birth certificates discourages
some children from applying for work
permits. And, the principal said, present
regulations permit selling by students
but bans shining shoes.
Inspector Winters told United Com
munity Services group that one of the
frequent excuses given by teen-age de-
linquentS for getting into trouble is the
restrictions and red tape in securing work
permits. This situation, he said, affects
not only children in school but those who
nave quit school. Similar reports were
received by Senate subcommittee on
Juvenile delinquency in the Nation at
large. The subcommittee heard testi-
mony from many cities as to the desir-
ability of liberalizing child labor laws
generally. Fortunately for Washington,
study OF the local laws is being made
by the Harvard Law Schools legislative
reference service, with view to bringing
the District statutes UP to date. We hope
that this study, perhaps supplemented by
public hearings, will result in a new law
That, while protecting children from labor
abuses, will enable them to take Jobs
after school with greater facility than
now is possible.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-26
Breakdown on lawmakers

Accident statistics justify the crack
down on jaywalking that has been or
dered by Deputy Police Chief Agnew
Actually the breakdown began In a small
way last spring, when a "selective en-
forcement" drive brought concentrations
OF traffic officers at the city's more acct
dent-prone intersections. The results
have been impressive. AS arrests of care
less pedestrians have gone up, the number
Of jayWalkers killed has dropped sharply
from the previous years toll. Even sitter
enforcement of pedestrian regu-
lationS should save more lives.
Last year 25 pedestrians were killed
by automobiles during July, August and
September. This years death total for
those months was only TO- Effects of the
stepped-up enforcement program began
to be noticed in July of this year, Deputy
Chief AgneW reported He has instructed
MS men to bear down on the dangerous
laywalking practice of ignoring pedes-
trian-control lights. Police will issue
tickets to those caught in clear-cut vio-
lations Of the safety laws Police also
Will discourage the too-prevalent tend
ency to cross the street between inter-
sections, especially where cars are parked
at the curb.
Washington has won a number of
awards in the past for its system Of
pedestrian control and protection But
the American Automobile Association last
year found that there was room for i'm
provement in the enforcement OF pedes-
TRAN regulations. The breakdown this
year, with its gratifying results, is the
Police Departments answer to the AAA
criticism. Pedestrians should cooperate
with the police in this safety campaign,
which is not for purposes of harass-
ment but Of saving lives and preventing
injuries.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-26
Change and the u. N.

This week marks the 18th anniversary
of the ratification of the United Nations
Charter, and a good text for the event
can be found in the annual report just
submitted to the organizations mem
Der countries by Secretary General Dag
Hammarskjold. The text is simply this:
That the world is passing through "a
period of fundamental change" and that
all the powers affected by that change
should make better use of the U. Ms
resources for reconciliation" in coping
with disputes that threaten the delicate
fabric of our present uneasy peace.
AS Mr.. HammarSkjold has put 1t,
what is needed in such time is greater
willingness on the part of all govern
ments and peoples to employ the U. N.
"aS an instrument for negotiation of
settlements, as distinct from the mere
debate of issues" In saying this, he
has not meant to downgrade the impor-
lance of airing complaints and counter
complaints before the Security Council
or the General Assembly. But he has
rightly emphasized that in these days of
international fiux, when many old and
even recent power relationships are
changing at a sometimes bewildering
pace, conflicts are unavoidable and must
be handled, II they are to be resolved
satisfactorily, with more than Just public
augmentation. And it is for that reason
that he has recommended a fuller use
of the U. Ms facilities to deal with such
conflicts through the channels of quiet
diplomacy in any situation that lends
itself to Cancellation or mediation
through secret or behind the-scenes talks
rather than the goldhSh-bowl treatment.
Cases in point are the Suez crisis and
the continuing Arab-Israeli tension
situations in which Mr. Hammarskjold
himself has played an important and
fruitful placating role And there are
many other actual and potential troubles
OF like kind that might be abated or
eliminated entirely by the kind OF di-
plomacy he has recommended. His views
on that score add up TO a great deal Of
common sense. AL members OF the u. N.
would do well TO take his counsel 70 heart.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-26

Fall is here, and so are the
leaves.
For many years this column
has been advising that people
make fallen leaves into COM
post, rather than burn them.
So far, nobody has paid the
slightest attention to this good
! advice. Well, maybe few.
Everybody burns the leaves
merrily, except the unknown
number Of tons regularly
hauled away by the authori-
ties.
People love bonflres.
1t comes down through the
centuries, this love for bon
| fires.
1t really means a bone fire,
and at one time meant a fire
for burning heretics. We don't
hear much about heretics any
more, thank goodness.
Today, a bonfire means a
big one outdoors, for some
public celebration.
Public Joy and sport usually
get into the picture.
~ -
Suburban bonfires are mere
ly leaf burning fires, with little
Joy in them.
After all. one simply has to
do something with them, there
| are so many of them, and often
/ the custodians who are sup
posed to get them are far, far
| behind the schedule.
So the leaves mount up. and
there they are. both a nuisance
and a danger.
They fly all over the place,
with each gust Of wind. usually
from the unswept and unraked
place to the swept and raked
| one.
This. too, is nuisance.
So people burn them. and
you can't altogether blame
them, though doing so they
make a dump out Of their
4 neighborhood.
yum. yum" they snifi.
good clean autumn smell"
/ Others. more sensitive, call
the smell highly disagreeable,
and some even suffer allergies
and the like.
ones famous old Mighbor.
not TO be outdone. built a huge
fire Of leaves right under a
bedroom window, so that
sleeping quarters we're satu-
rated with wood smoke all
night.
Good clean odorl Nonsensel
Modern allergistS would tell
you that here Is one OF the
causes OF disease. with the air
saturated with minute parti-
cles Of leaves.
Here. as with other types Of
smoke, II takes many years for
the harm to be manifested
Thirty years. for instance.
Is such a long time. as human
life goes. that IL Is mostly i'm
I possible 10 link up the cause
with the effect.
prove It," shriek the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-26
Civic Activity

Citizens association officers
must all be grateful to the
writer of a recent letter en-
deayoring to jolt their neigh
bors out of their complacency,
and to you for publishing the
letter as a reminder to readers
of their opportunity to express
their views on city-wide and
more immediate problems
through attendance at meet
ings of their neighborhood citi-
zens' associations.
One statement, however.
should be corrected. The letter
indicates that membership in
associations is "a few hundred
at best, with an attendance of
perhaps Is faithful citizens"
Actually. some associations
number from 1000 to $500
members. In every case, mem
bership is limited only by the
number of volunteers willing
to solicit door-to-door; every
association can have a mem
bership i'll size representative
OF the community within its
boundaries if only we are will
ing to give of ourselves and
our time in contracting our
neighborS.
It's really fun to get around
on the once-a-year campaign,
especially during early evening
hours in summer, to renew old
acquaintance and make new
ones. To those shy about start
ing, let me say that it soon be-
comes easy and is a rewarding
expenditure of time and effort.
How to bring out a repre-
sentative attendance at meet
ings? That's something else,
with night employment and
with church, lodge, PTA and
other meetings, to say nothing
of television. If, however, you
attend a few of your associa-
tons meetings-not just one
you may become interested
and begin to look forward to
the next ones and to think
of things that your association
might do for your community
and the city.
Do resolve to try - "the
faithful" need your help and
your inspiration.
Association President.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-26
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

wounded, and 1t is. indeed,
difficult to prove. but every
body recognizes the link. Just
the same, if they are honest.
y
Making compost out Of
leaves is the best thing that
can be done with them.
The big problem is where to
put the compost pile.
Most of our modern SUI
burban yards are much too
neat for best usage.
In the old days, with yards
at least 100 by 200 feet. there
was plenty Of room for a COM
post pile in the rear.
Today, with average yards
reduced to so by $50 feet. and
many much smaller. there Is
too little room for an insight
ly compost pile.
One will have to do the best
one can, therefore, and this
means behind the garage,
usually.
If care is taken to wet down
the leaves. at each addition.
and to use chicken wire TO
conflne them. IL necessary, a
compost pile may still be
slightly as well as unitarian.
After a year or two, the
owner will begin to have a
rich addition for his flowers,
vegetables and lawn, and will
wonder how he ever did with
out this source of natural fer
tility.
Some home gardeners be-
come so enthusiastic about
their compost piles that they
use all their own leaves, and
then. wonder Of wonders, beg
for more from their neiehbors,
who usually are glad 70 get
rid Of them.
The leaf gathering IN and
around q modern city IL q real
task, and q necessary one be-
cause dry leaves are almost
as flammable a. gasoline.
Any one who makes q com
post pile. therefore. is help
ing out In an annual big task,
and at the same time Il aid
ing his own garden In the
way nature intended In the be-
ginning.
Azslias. the present favor
ties. as well a. rhododendrons
and others, need plenty Of oak
leaves for the winter bedding
down.
II other leaves are discarded.
these. at least, should be kept.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-26
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Strange Reports on Animal Behavior
BY THOMAS r. HENRY

There are barking Holsters
and ants that are living tanks
of honey.
These curiosities of natural
history have just been reported
from Australia in the journal,
Nature, organ of the British
Association for the Advance
ment of Science.
The honey-carrying ants are
reported by Dr.. G. M. Badger
of the University of Adelaide.
They are found, he says. in
many parts of central Aus
tralia, usually in quite arid
country or near groves Of GER
tain poisoning trees.
They are modified worker
ants which are stuffed either
with honey or nectar day after
day by other workers. This
honey is stored in the alb
domens which swell to a half
inch in diameter. This evil
IDENTIFY is to feed the rest of
the ant community during
scarce periods.
The honey-carriers are eaten
avidly by natives. DR.. Badger
analysed the honey. 1t differed
from most honey, he found,
in containing a larger per-
centage of the fruit sugar
fructose than of the more
common glucose,
The barking lobster, or cray
fish, is reported from north
ern Australia. 1t makes a
harsh. grating noise with the
stubby antennae before it's
eyes. This sound can be re-
produced even after the
animal is dead. What pur-
pose it serves is unknown.
X X 4
Animals isolated and i'm
prisoned in depths of the earth
for almost 1000 years have
somehow survived.
This is reported by DR..
Ronald M. Dobson of the
Rothampstead Agricultural
Research Center, England, in
the official journal of the
British Association for Ad-
vancement of Science.
While excavating Roman
ruins near st. Adams he found
Is healthy earthworms among
layers of blackened earth Is
feet below ground level in
what apparently was a de-
fenSive ditch filled in during
the lst century.
Above this ditch were re-
mains of floors of successive
buildings erected on the site
during the next three CEN
turtles. The floors were still
in good state of preservation
Indications were that the site
had remained undisturbed
since Roman times.
Further excavations con-
WINGED DR.. Dobson that the
worms could not have gotten
into the old Roman ditch from
the sides.
Thus it is highly likely, he
reports, that the animals were
in the ditch before the first
of the Roman floors was laid
down and have continued to
breed there ever since, as an
isolated community.
The phenomenon is the
more remarkable in that the
blaekened earth is almost de-
void Of oxygen. Earthworms
must breath oxygen, like all
other animals.
They apparently have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-26

evolved the ability to absorb
oxygen through their skins at
very low tension, in order to
make use Of the slender supply
available.
The youth hormone" Of
insects has been isolated.
1t Is the mysterious chemi-
cal Secreted from part of the
brain which prevents the cat
erpillar becoming q butterfly,
a process which depends on
another hormone, before ma
ture il ready.
If 1t can be synthesized, 1t
may be made q hormone of
death.
The isolation Of this sub
stance from the abdomens of
male silkworms, where APP
parently it is stored until
needed, is announced by DR..
Carroll M. Williams of Har-
ward in the journal, Nature.
Very minute amounts can be
obtained from the head, where
the material is manufactured.
When it is injected into silk
worm pupae, in the stages of
metamorphosis from worm to
moth, the transmutation does
not take place. Instead, a Sec
ond pupal form results.
The injections must be made
very early in the pupal stage.
After the fourth day, there is
no effect. 1t is. DR.. Williams
notes, a youth preservative,
rather than a youth restorer.
Even the largest doses fail to
return the insect to the larval
form in which it emerges
from the egg.
The substance works, DR..
Williams notes, when applied
to the outside of the body.
Then there is a partial trans
formation-a chimeric form
which is half pupa and half
adult. Such creatures do not
occur in nature. They live
only a few days.
Thus this hormone, he points
out, may be a very potent
insect killer. The weakness
of most insecticides, such as
DOT, is that bugs may soon
acquire a tolerance for them.
Sometimes they reach the
point where they cannot live
without the poisons.
But, DR.. Williams says, bugs
hardly can be expected ever
to acquire tolerance to a
product of their own bodies.
Thus far no effort has been
made to synthesize the ma
terial.
\ \
A Vienna woman doctor. a
prisoner since the war. behind
the Iron Curtain. has come
to the United States claiming
the secret of extracting the
venom from bee stings.
1t long has been claimed.
although without scientific
proof, that such stings are
highly beneficial to victims Of
certain types of arthritis. Some
beekeepers make a sideline of
providing this service for
arthriticS.
Some months ago Senator
George D. Aiken of Vermont
was able to secure admittance
to the United States for DR..
Margaret Kretschey, Austrian
chemist, who is setting up q
laboratory at Middlebury. VT,
near the biggest apiary in New
England.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-26
Sinful City

The immortal Bard of Avon
penned some Illuminating
thoughts on the liquor prob
lem. as two of his greatest
tragedies turn directly or in
directly on drink. Lady Mac
beth could not have hardened
herself to the crime without
wine. She says of the kings
chamberlains, whom she has
intoxicated, THAT which hath
made them drunk hath made
them bold" Similarly in
Othello the temperate Cassie,
whose overindulgence in an
unhappy moment involved him
in the murder of Desdemona,
later becomes filled with re-
morse and cries; 20 thou in
visible spirit of wine, if thou
hast no name TO be known by,
let us call thee Devil. o
God, that men should put an
enemy in their mouths TO steal
away their brains! That we
should with Joy, pleasance.
revel, and applause transform
ourselves into beasts!" And 1t
is Iago, the cunningest, cruel
est villain in all Shakespeare.
who is ready with the old com
monplace: Come, come, good
wine is a good familiar crea-
ture II ii be we'll used; exclaim
no more against it,"
A few weeks ago the writer
attended a Shakespearean Fes-
tival at Antioch College in
Ohio. When the bus on the
return trip reached Washing
ton, the driver warned passen-
gers heading south to be ex-
tremely careful In wandering
about the streets during the
rest stop. as Washington is a
dangerous city and there are
lot Of hoodlums here" Having
visited every State in the Union
and virtually every city OF inn
portance, the writer has never
heard a derogatory comment
about any community any
where in the United States.
That remark about our beloved
Washington made by the bus
driver was, allegorically speak
ing like being hit on the
head with brick.
There are many factors in
VOWED in the present state Of
affairs in Washington. The
excessive consumption OF liquor
is undoubtedly the main cause
Of crime debt lchery ard hui
NAH misery.
A. LELAND.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-26
Macy and Hungary

Imre Macy, Hungary's new independ-
ence- minded Communist Premier, has
gotten off to bad start. Relatively pop
ular at one time as a e-imprisoned
"Titoist," he has deemed it necessary
as his first crucial act since his sudden
return to poWer-to tell his countrymen
that the Soviet troops who have been
shooting down their compatriots are
friends and allies" who should be
welcomed with love"
AS a coldly practical matter, looking
at it from his viewpoint, Mr.. Macy may
have felt that he had no other choice
than to say this. Caught up in a massive
rebellion, which has been inspired in
part by demands that he be placed in the
premiership, he may well have been
Stampeded by his own personal panic
and probably by large scale defections in
the regular Hungarian army-into call
ing upon the Kremlin for the kind of
action that has since been taking place.
This he conceivably may have done in
a desperate and more or less we'll
intentioned effort to restore order in his
country with as little bloodShed as
possible.
Yet, no matter how charitable view
one may take of Mr.. Mays position, the
fact remains that the Soviet soldiers
who should have been withdrawn from
the country months ago, after the signing
of the Austrian independence treaty
have mercileSSly slain many hundreds of
HungarianS in an uprising that has been,
and still is, an uprising against tyranny.
AS President Eisenhower has put it,
Russian military force thus has been
employed against long suffering people
animated by an intense desire for free
dom" national independence and ''thoSe
human rights to which all are entitled"
Oppression and unbearable living condi-
tionS have driven them to do what they
have done. And Mr. Macy, having urged
them to welcome the Kremlin'S troops
with love-" can hardly hope that they
will ever forgive or forget what he has
said.
Judging from his past record as an
unorthodoX Communist with considerable
popular appeal, Mr.. Macy might have
been able, as Premier, to accomplish
much in carrying out his professed anti
Stalinist policieS-policieS promising
more consumer goods political ode
mocratization, independence from the
Kremlin, stop to about farm collecti-
vization, and general betterment of
Hungary'S terribly bleak living condi-
lions. But now, since he has enlisted
or had imposed upon him the aid of
Russia'S armed forces against his own
people, and since he has spoken in loving
terms of those forces, it seems doubtful
in the extreme that he can win the con-
fidence of the vast majority of his
freedom hungry countrymen.
Mr.. Macy, as if we'll aware of all this,
has sought to put himself in a better
light by tearfully proclaiming that he
will try to persuade Moscow to withdraw
all its troops from Hungary just as soon
as the current revolt ends and order is
fully restored. Maybe he is completely
sincere. But the people of his country
after having seen so many among them
moved down by Soviet guns, have little
reason to hope that he can negotiate
their liberation from the Kremlin'S dark
imperialism, which now has been exposed
in all its naked brutality before the eyes
OF the whole world.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-26

Even If We should accept as
fact all that Stevenson says
about the tests Of the hydro
gen bomb, is 1t common sense
TO give Russia an eight go
weeks lead in such tests?
Stevenson says that If Russia
agrees to stop the tests Of the
hydrogen bomb and then
violates their agreement. the
air will at once let us know and
then, TO use his exact words:
II am informed that we could
be in position to resume
tests--if we have to-within TO
more than eight o. weeks.
II. J. Mainwaring.
Wollaston. Mass.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-26
Questions and Answers
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE

@. How many buffalo are
there In the United States7--
p. 3.
A. The United States de-
partment Of the Interior esti-
mates there are about 10000
head. Of which about 5000 are
owner By the Federal Govern
msnt. A. one Tine some 80
million roamed North America.