davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1956-08-31
WSTAS IN SCIENCE
By THOMAS R. HENRY
Ambitious Project to Harness Atom

closure Of some sort at very
great speeds - speeds which
will more than balance the
mutual repulsion between these
atoms and enable them to
come close enough together
to the point where an attrac-
tive force comes into play
which will cause them to fuse.
To achieve such speeds will
require temperatures Of sew
eral hundred million degrees
centigrade, such as are found
only in the interior of the
sun. This is achieved in the
hydrogen bomb by the explo-
sion of a f1ssion bomb used
as a trigger.
The major hurdle here is
that a chamber for confine-
ment of the deuterium. made
of any material known on
earth, would become vaporized
in a fraction of a second at
any such temperature. The
problem, however, is not neces-
sarily unsolvable. Highly tech
nical experiments are being
conducted in insulating the
walls of a chamber from ex-
tremely high temperatures at
the center by means Of elec-
trical or magnetic fields. These
show some promise of eventual
success.
"A number of statements
can be made about the prob
able characteristics Of a fu-
sion reactor." says the report.
ANY thermonuclear power
unit gives promise Of being
extremely safe. The amount
Of fuel within the thermonu-
clear machine at operating
temperatures would be simply
that required to sustain q nor
NAL power output at any in
slant, and this amount would
be extremely minute. The
fuel supply itself would be
stored outside the chamber and
would be wholly incapable Of
participating in the reaction
without first being introduced
into the reactor and heated"
One Great Danger
There would, however. be
one great danger, the report
points out. The fusion process
would produce streams Of
neutrons. the most dangerous
OF all atomic radiations, and
this would require heavy
shielding of the reactor-a
major cost in construction Of
present flsSion reactorS.
A highly attractive feature
would be that the fuel would
be essentially free and super
abundant. Every ocean on
earth contains plenty Of deu-
terium.
A helium fusion reactor
would produce no neutrons at
all and presumably would be
completely safe and fool-proof.
The fusion process, however,
would require very much high
er temperatures even than
those required by the fusion
of deuterium, There is no pres
emily known means of achiev-
ing anything like such temper
atures, to say nothing of con-
tanning them in any conceiv-
able chambeF,
Evening star., 1956-08-31
The Platforms

I read with interest your
editorial comparison Of the
Republican and Democratic
platforms on civil rights. the
most important question be-
fore us today. You state that
maybe Roy wilkins. head Of
the NAACP, was perhaps right
in saying that the Republican
platform was a shade better
than that Of the Unterrified.
Later on you state that you
do not discern any difference
in the two platforms on this
subject.
/ agree with Mr.. wilkins
that the Republican platform
goes a bit farther than that
of the Democrats and I am
surprised that you did not
read it in the same way. True,
both parties counsel modera-
ton and no use of force.
Candidly, neither party has
said much for the Supreme
Court since they do not want
the law enforced by any harsh
means.
My interest in the matter is
that am for law enforcement
and it is up to the proper del
egated authorities to enforce
the law. not the individual
out of power. / submitted to
the prohibition law when / dis
liked it. I am surprised that
our great political parties have
straddled the issue and made
us voters look like imbeciles.
AS for myself my mind is
already made up. / am voting
for Joe Smith," the phantom.
but l am voting for my Demo-
cratic Congressman at home.
Those who do not like this can
lump it. The bunch Of kidders
have now gone home after
pulling of their shenanigan
tactics. Both we're gutless
conventions in my book.
T. Francis Mccarthy.
49,
The platform adopted by the
Republican National Commit
tee on August 81 said:
I'VE are proud to have full
filled our 1852 pledge to halt
the skyrocketing cost Of living
that in the previous 13 years
had cut the value Of the dol
lar by half. and robbed mil
lions Of the full value Of their
wages. savings, insurance. pen
sions and social security"
The Associated Press, in a
dispatch from Washington on
August "a and based on "the
July index. issued by the Labor
Departments Bureau Of Labor
Evening star., 1956-08-31
Monn-Fenwick Plan

Delegate Harrison Mann has
stated that legislation which
he and Senator Fenwick are
proposing to the Virginia Gen.
eral Assembly is designed to
carry out the original recon-
mendations Of the Gray Com
mission. This statement is not
correct.
The best feature of the Gray
plan was it's provision for local
control of the public schools.
Under it, county school boards
could assign pupils to indi-
vidual schools based on factors
of health. aptitude. and the
general community welfare.
Thus each Virginia community
could meet its difficult racial
problem on the basis Of its
own local conditions. and the
principle of local self-govern-
ment would be preserved.
The proposed Mann -Fenwick
law will strip from northern
VirginianS this cherished right
Of local Self-government. 1t
will vest in commissioners to
be appointed by the Governor
the power to determine by
arbitrary fiat the particular
school which any Arlington or
Fairfax child will be permitted
to attend.
1t is hoped that Arlington's
able legislators will strike from
their bill this alien provision
for government by commits
sar." for it bellies the very
principles for which they
fought when the Gray Com
mission referendum was be-
fore their own constituents.
Even the Stanley plan Of pu-
nitive taxation. reminiscent OF
British Tory days, is prefer
able. At least under it northern
Virginians can have local self
government if they are will
ing to pay the price.
Edmund ID. Campbell.
Evening star., 1956-08-31
Hospital Insecure2

The recent escapes from Sc
curity wards at d. c. General
Hospital should be a matter
OF concern for everyone in the
community. 1t was indeed for
tunate that the criminals un-
der mental observation were
speedily recaptured. The pos
sibility Of subsequent escapes,
however. is a real one, despite
stop-gap measures taken by
the Health Department.
Regardless OF the manner in
which the escapes were accom-
plished it appears that security
measures are indaquate at the
hospital. The efforts Of the
medical staff to insure MAXI
mum security where needed
and thus prevent such escapes
do not appear to have been
accorded proper consideration
by the hospital administration.
Local citizens should not be
lulled into a false sense Of
security by the hospital SUI
perintendent's futuristic state
ment regarding completion Of
a new psychiatry building some
IL to IL months hence. Nor
Is 1t reasonable TO believe that
the monetary cost Of provid-
ing maximum security In the
interim would exceed the po-
tential cost in terms Of human
life.
Again d. c. General Hospital
Is in the spotlight as q result
Of administrative inadequacies.
Perhaps the fact that the
most recent episode seriously
threatens the safety Of the
people in the community will
stimulate further changes at
the hospital.
coneerns
Evening star., 1956-08-31

@. How long have the Howe
Caverns In New York State
been known?-V. A. w.
A. This underground can
yon. etched from solid rock by
a sub-surface stream. 81 miles
west Of Albany. is named for
Lester Howe. who discovered II
in 1892. However. the exist
ence Of caves In the region
had been known earlier. Since
1929 the caverns. 100 10 200
feet underground. have been
developed into a major all
year tourist attraction with
modern elevators and good
lighting. Dry paths lead visit
ors along nearly q mile and
a half Of fantastic geological
formations. including the floor
Of an ancient ocean In which
are embedded the shells Of
ancient sea animals. 1
Evening star., 1956-08-31

Control Of the titanic
energy released in the fusion
of light elementS-the energy
of the hydrogen bomb-may
be achieved, but probably only
In the distant future.
Success would provide the
world with a power source
which would dwarf that Of
present or contemplated
atomic reactors. even in the
predictions of. the most opti-
mistic proponents.
Probably the cost would be
only a fraction as much.
There would be no danger of
an explosion-thus eliminat-
ing a major objection to pres
ent atomic energy Setups in
populated areas and predicted
very high insurance premiums
which may be necessary.
The power would be limit
less for the entire world. The
fuel would be the ocean.
From the first demonstra-
ton of the fusion bomb, whose
performance dwarfed that
achievable with the uranium
or plutonium bomb, enthusi-
asts have predicted boldly
that the energy released in
fusion eventually would be
brought under control for
peaceful purposes. These pre-
dictions, however, have been
based on little more than a
blind faith in the ability of
science-especially American
science-to produce miracles
on assembly line schedule.
Actually the technical hur-
dies in the way are enormous
and perhaps insurmountable.
Cautious Prediction
1.-THE research certainly is on
very long-term basis but it
is probable that success will
be achieved eventually" the
Atomic Energy Commission
cautiously predicts. However" !"
it adds, lit is reasonable to ex-
pect that an approach as yet
unformulated may yield the
greatest promise of success"
The commission now has
five research projects in prog
ress-three major ones at Los
Alamos, the radiation labora-
tory of the University Of Cali
fornia, and Princeton, and
minor ones at New York Uni
versity and the commissions
own Oak Ridge. Tenn. labora-
tory.
The present goal is to pro-
duce the power by causing the
fusion of two atoms Of deu-
terium, the double-weight hy-
drogen found in heavy water.
into an atom of helium. The
resulting atom would weigh
somewhat less than the sum of
the two deuterium atoms and
the difference would be re-
leased in the form of energy.
An even more attractive prof.
ect is that of the fusion of
helium atoms themselves but.
says the report, this is Of
purely academic interest in the
foreseeable future"
The problem is to get an
enormous number Of deuterium
atoms flying around in an en-
Evening star., 1956-08-31

Statistics" said "the cost Of
living jumped seven-tenths of
per cent in July for the
second successive month, send
ing consumer prices to a rec
ord high and bringing wage
boosts to ia million workers"
The dispatch added that fac
tory take-home pay dropped
about 80 cents as a result Of
the increase and that Com
missioner Evan Clague told
reporters that the index might
show "some small increase"
for August.
Isn't it time for the platform
writers and the facts to get
together?
Taxpayer.
An analysis of the political
platforms. to which the re-
spective candidates have given
full approval, leads inevitably
to but one conclusion and it
is this: The continuation of
our welfare state Government,
with judicial dictatorship,
State vassalage. and the death
of the United States Constitu-
tion. Each party was careful
not to pledge itself to preserve
individual freedoms as guar
anteed by the Constitution.
Both candidates subscribe to
the new doctrine that, not the
Constitution. but the decree of
a New Deal Supreme Court,
based upon the writings of
those who would destroy our
system of Government, is the
supreme law Of the land. The
cause of the constitutionalists
appears hopeless until Con-
gress does something to elm
mate the purely political ap-
pointees from the Supreme
Court and it is again graced
with men Of legal background
and training, together with
ability, integrity and charac-
ter. so that they can rise above
the winds Of politics, wild-eyed
socialists, pinkoS and a dream
world doctrine of social laws.
psychology, and even myth
ology.
On the approaching natal
anniversary of the charter of
our liberties our political over
lords will, of course, pay lip
service to that no longer i'm
mortal document. When, on
January 20. 1857, the Presi-
dent-elect places his hand on
the Bible and recites the oath
of Office his auditors should
cry out in one voice, For
shame"
How Washington and Jeffer-
son must be mourning in VAL
halla!,
Old ReactiOnarv.
Evening star., 1956-08-31
-Soyyies Stevenson

It is untrue to say that the
mass of Americans do not un-
derstand what Adlai is saying.
Few of us could use such
beautiful English. but most of
us get his drift and that is
enough. Just as a baby knows
what is going on a long time
before he can talk about it,
so we all understand language
we could not employ. I can
read French, but when I try
to speak it, it comes out the
English equivalent of: IF I
had a knowed that you was
going to went down town to-
day I wouldn't have came all
the way in from the country
to see you"
Education seems to have
little to do with comprehen-
sion. When Theodore Roose-
welt was campaigning in the
wilds, a listener from the
sticks was asked who was
speaking. II doesn't rightly
know" he answered, "but he
sure does recommend his
self most highly" What is
he talking about?" Said he,
HE amt said yet"
Soft pedal some of this
"grass roots" and "folksy"
patter. No one likes to be
talked down to. Remember
country people are not foolsl
Also, 1.-The old log cabin
caper" has been run into the
ground. Mr.. stevenson
shouldn't be considered to
have two strikes on him just
because his grandpappy wasn't
born in a log cabin. Neither
was mine! incidentally, some
very queer characters were
born in log cabins. Being born
in a log cabin has no virtue
in it, per Sc.
I notice that the log cabin
contingent is not making
the slightest effort to follow
in the footsteps of their
simple progenitors. In fact.
they are eating as high up on
the hog as they can. Living
high! The best is none too
good for them! It's enough
to make grandpappy turn
over in his grave.
Laura X. Pollock.
Evening star., 1956-08-31

Now that the Government
itself has advised physicians
to give smaller doses of tran
QUILTING drugs, Templeton
Jones is quietly patting him.
self on the back.
No physician, but an inter-
ested pharmaceutical expert
menter, Temp Jones long ago
had cut his intake of one of
the tranquilizers to one-fourth
a tablet day.
He found this small dose
did as much good as q larger
one.
His private practice-if 1t
may be called that-has been
on the assumption that most
medicines today are given in
too large portions.
What ordinarily are regard
ed as child's doses will do very
well, Experimenter Jones dis
covered.
For himself?
Certainly, for himself!
Our old friend is almost
unique in America in that he
never speaks for others, only
himself.
But he believes firmly, very
firmly. that in speaking for
himself, he also speaks for
many people.
&& &tA
You see, it is this way:
When he was young, he felt
that happenings in which he
was involved we're unique.
If somebody played a dirty
trick on him, he thought he
had been singled out by fate.
AS he grew older, he began
to see that he was not unique
in any sense, but that a great
many people were, actually,
playing dirty tricks on a great
many other people.
1t was life, that Is all. The
monkeys out Of the trees,
widely known as human beings,
were still tossing coconuts on
unsuspecting people.
Jones was pleased to make
this discovery.
Millions Of monkeys. or
people, never make 1t.
They go through life think
ing that they have been Sc
lected to be goats. A
Thus. Jones says. anything
which happens to him. happens
to thousands. maybe millions.
Anything he discovers for
himself. is good for many an
other struggling mortal in this
vale Of television.
So, the small dose.
The controversy about dos
age has been going on for
centuries.
Just because your doctor
bustles in. and looks very inn
portant, and speaks quite
firmly ESPECIALLY when he is
in doubt, don't get the idea
that he knows 1t all, or is
perfect.
He. too. is q victim Of time,
tide and circumstance. Just
as we all are.
In fact. humanizing Of ply
sicians Is an important feature
Of modern medicine.
II the doctors themselves,
don't hurry up and do II. they
will become machines, directed
from above.
Evening star., 1956-08-31

Lord, keep me tDorthv OF my
birth
And OF the treasured trust
TO guard the richness Of Thv
earth
From pestilence and dust.
Bonnie Moy MoIOdy i
Evening star., 1956-08-31

Pen names may be used u
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
SattOn.
Evening star., 1956-08-31
Questions and Answers
BY THE HAsKIN SERVICE

A reader can get ap answer " any
Evenine star Information bureau.
1900 Eye 81 NV Washineton 5.
D c please tneioss eenis foT rs-
. turn oostage
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-23
Pan American
OFFERS 100000
Seats 10 Europe

Pan American World Always
will have 20 per cent more space
for transatlantic travellers in
this summers rush season as q
result of new Douglas DC-7Cs
which will go into service next
Friday, reported President Juan
Trippe at the annual meeting
in New York today.
The new plane is the first ca
pable of regular nonstop service
from European capitals to the
United States and across the
Pacific between Tokyo and Sc
attic, he said.
With the new planes in serv-
ice Pan American will offer 1O0,-
900 seats to Europe during the
peak spring and summer season,
he said. He predicted foreign
travel of Americans by sea and
air will set a new record in 1856
with a gain of Is per cent.
Mr.. Trippe confirmed that Pan
American has been advised by
Soviet officials that Russia would
welcome discussions on estab-
lishment of direct air service to
Moscow by Pan American.
All directors were reelected by
stockholders, including Robert
". Fleming, board chairman of
the Riggs National Bank here.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-23
Are Luid Off
At GIN Body Plant

DE TRo1T. May % (P.--
General Motors Corp. said yes
terday $500 employees of its
Fisher Body Division have been
laid off this week.
General Motors never has an
nounced its total layoffs since
Icutbacks in auto production be-
gan in December.
Last week Harlow Curtice.
president of GIN, said at a news
conference that overall hourly
employment at GIN was now
about $4,000 below what it was
last June, or about 100000.
Previously announced individ-
Iual layoffs by GINS car-building
divisions total 1900 since Jan
Iuary /.
The United Auto Workers
Union says it figures about 10000
GIN workers have been laid of
during the winter and spring
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-23
Record Year Seen
For JERSEY Standard

LINDEN, N. j., May 90 (P.-
Standard Oil Co. New Jersey
biggest oil company in the world
looks forward to another recort
earnings year, stockholders were
told today.
Addressing the annual meet
ing, President M. j. Rathbont
declared: "We expect our earn
lings will increase this year as
product prices generally are firm
even though costs-principally
wages and salaries-are up"
JerSy Standards 1855 profits
reached an all-time high OF
more than $709 million,
Mr.. Bathbone told the esti-
mated 200 stockholders present
that demand for oil in the United
States will increase about 5 pei
cent this year over last and about
10 per cent in foreign countries
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-23
VEPCO Earnings Remain
Well Above Year Ago

Virginia Electric and Power
Co. had April net income Of
81, 7O0.937 or 1928 cents a com
mon share. compared with ST.
564, 1853 or 20.8 cents in April last
year. preliminary figures from
President Erwin H. Will disclosed
today.
April revenues of $9,492.24l
were up 12.5 per cent from So
434.73 in the same 1855 month
Net income for IL months
ended April 80 amounted to &c.
$50, 1886 or $2.66 a common
share. compared with $17,921,-
1868 or $2.37 in the previous Il
months. Revenues for IL months
totaled $110,729,192 VS.. $685.
694, 548.
Mr.. Will commented that in.
creased earnings had just about
kept pace. relatively, with in.
creased capital expenditures anc
the company is earring slightly
less than 6 per cent return
on its investment. For the veal
to date, $12,375,000 has beer
spent on new construction. The
1856 total has been estimated
at $50 million.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-23
National Gypsum
Plans $40 Million
Stock OFFERING

BUFFALO. N. Y, May % up
The National Gypsum Co. has
announced an estimated $40 mil
lion stock issue to provide fol-
company expansion.
Directors yesterday approved
an issue of 417.403 shares to be
made available to stockholders
next month.
New shares will be offered
holders of common stock on the
basis of one new share for each
eight shares held.
No price was announced
Gypsum common closed yester-
day at 56l4.
About SIS million of the net
proceeds will be used to develop
"a gypsum deposit in Northern
and about $13 million
for construction of two plants in
the Great Lakes area.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-23

pared with $28,556,156 a year
earlier and $11,735,823 on the
like 1850 date.
Loans and discounts totaled
$16,l71,575 VS.. $12, $50, 1862 a year
ago and $4,934,946 in 1850. In
veStmentS amounted to $10,-
760.175 VS.. $11,053, 978 a year age
and 1892 1892 in 1850. Deposits
totaled $30,041,994 VS.. $685.
540.367 a year ago and $9,826, 9O6
in 1850.
Capital funds amounted to
81. 1872, 789. compared with ST.
312.078 a year ago and $685., 426
in 1850. On the spring bank call
in 1886, it is interesting % note
Old Dominion had $487.302 OF
assets, loans and discounts OF
$312,629 and deposits OF
$385,629. That was a long time
ago.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-23

ISOLATED Business Publications.
Inc, and Periodical Publishers
Association of America. all OF
New York, and Agricultural Pub
fishers. Inc. of Chicago.
In a civil complaint filed in
May, 1856, the Justice Depart
ment charged these groups
along with the American Asso-
tciation of Advertising Agencies
and the American Newspaper
publisher Association. with
maintaining a uniform is pei
cent commission for advertising
agencies in the placement of ma
tional advertising, and with linn
Iiting commissions to "recog-
nized" agencies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-23
CHICAGOLWESTOCK

CHICAGO. May 23 Up, CUSDA).--
Salable hogs $500: moderately active
25-5O lower on all hogs; bulk No. =
and . lots 10000 10 butchers 1880
1900, with numerous sales at IL 80 In
later and closing trade several hundred
No. l and . la0-220 10 lS.25-50; around
ehree decks No. l and l 220-22U ii
sorted for weight and Grade 1880 and
/ 81 head lot mostly No. 200 ID al
| 1866; most 21O-3l0 ID l8.75-l1 SO;
larger lots 330-400 ID sows l4.75-15 as
400-550 10 13.50-l4.75.
Salable cattle 10000; salable calve,
800; steers and heifers fairly active
Generally fully steady; cows slow, weak
to IS lower; bulls fully steady; yealers
weak to mostly 90 lower: a few sales
stockerS and feeders about steady; a few
lots prime l164- 1878 ID steers % 0C
and 23.25: a load or so held higher
high choice and mixed choice and prime
steers under l,500 ID 81 .25-22 so; two
loads choice and prime 565 10 CO.'S;
bulk choice steers 20.00-2 90, good Il
low choice lT.25-la55: two loads COM
mercial and good I 100 10 Holstein steers
$50; load lots high choice and mixed
choice and prime heifers 81 25-S5: bulk
choice heifers la.50-9i 90; good to low
choice l1.95-i9.25; utility and CONNER
cial cows II .5O-l3.b0; Gamers and cut
tiers 10 DOLE 90; utility and commercial
bulls l315-l5.50, good and choice
vealers II 00-25. 90: Gull to commercial
choice 550-676 ID yearling stock steers
ls,1o-l950; load medium $50 ID weights
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-23
Gichner Starts Pension
Profit Sharing Plan

A profit-sharing retirement
plan has been established for
employees of Fred S. Gichner
Iron Works, Inc, with the COM
lpany bearing the entire cost, it
was announced by Henry Gich-
|ner, vice president and general
manager.
Employees will not be required
to contribute and the new plan
will be in addition to the COM
pany's bonus plan. now more
than so years old. The company
will make annual payments into
the profit sharing and pension
plan and a substantial initial
contribution already been paid
in.