davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-10

amendment to the Constitution
Historically. interposition has
been used when there have been
States which believed there had
been on the part of a branch
Iof the Federal Government a
deliberate, palpable and dam
gerous' exercise of power not
granted to the Federal Govern
ment by the Constitution of the
United States. tThe quotation
lis from the Virginia resolution
Iof interposition of 1899.
Virginia, as we'll as other
States, interpoSitionists contend,
has, under the Constitution,
bound itself to abide by only
those Federal acts which are
permitted in the Constitution.
Virginia has at no time bound
itself to a compact which pro-
Ihibited racial segregation in
public hools, they believe;
therefore, as a matter of right,
the State is not bound to abide
by the anti-segregation decision
at least. not until the decision
has been validated or repudiated
by the normal process for
amending the Federal constitu-
ton.
1nterpositionists say there
have been many Supreme Court
decisions which were. In the
Istrictest sense, unconstitutional
in that there was in the Consti-
tuition no specific authority for
the decision. They cite decisions
during the past 25 years under
the commerce and welfare clauses
.of the Constitution as most prob
able examples.
The difference between those
decisions and the one on segre-
cation is simply this: The people,
at least a majority of them. were
willing to accept those decisions.
But the anti-segregation ruling.
interpositionists say. affects the
daily lives of hundreds of thou
sands of persons. many of them
unwilling to accept the ruling.
This line of reasoning would
seem to reduce the meaning of
the Constitution, and apparently
the authority of the Supreme
Court to interpret it, TO a def
milton Of what the people are
willing to put up with or abide by
Checks and Balances
just so, interpositionists con-
tend. for, in the executive
judicial-legislative system of
Federal Government. there is an
interlocking system of checks
and balances. And who. ulti-
mately. is to check on the validity
of the decisions of the court?
The people themselves, inter-
poSitionistS answer. At least. a
majority Of the people. and the
way to determine the will of the
people is to propose an amend
ment to the Federal constitution
which will affirm or reject the
decision.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-10

weapon in the battle OF States
rights VS.. Federal rights.
Because that battle has never
ended. there are those today who
advocate the use of the interposi.
Ition as a weapon in the contro.
Iversy over the decision of the
United States Supreme Court In
the school segregation cases.
An examination Of the use oil
.interposition in the past reveal:
the effectiveness of the resolu.
tons has been somewhat incon.
elusive. 1t seems probable that
adoption Of an interpoSition reso.
tuition by the General Assembly
in the 1856 session would Lead
ito a somewhat inconclusive re.
suit.
Perhaps, at this point, the
strongest effect of an interposi.
Ition resolution-insofar as what
lit would accomplish ultimately
in relation to the anti-segrega
Etion decision-would be the for.
NAL recognition 1t would give tt
the views of those who disagree
with the Supreme Court ruling.
One of the first things advo.
Gates OF the doctrine point out
lis this:
An interposition resolution
should not be adopted in the
segregation controversy because
the controversy involves segre-
cation or even because the SUI
Ipreme Court ruled against segre-
CATION. In no way. advocates
contend, does interposition imply
defiance of the Supreme Court
1T is significant. however. that
an overwhelming majority oil
those supporting the interposi-
ton doctrine in Virginia also
seem to oppose the doctrine that
racial segregation in public
schools is unconstitutional.
Say interpositionists: Inter-
position is weapon in the State
VS.. Federal power struggle. II
just so happens that in this year
the 166th of the Constitution
the lines Of the State VS.. Federal
power battle are drawn about the
specific question of segregation
by race in public schools.
Adopted by Other States
Interposition resolutions have
been adopted by various States
some Northern, some Southern
in the past. Virginia's Legisla-
ture has been among them.
InterpositioniSts do not Ques-
ton the authority of the Su-
preme Court to interpret the
meaning of the Constitution of
the United States. But, they
contend the Supreme Court has
no power to amend the Consti-
tuition.
The key contention of the in
terpositionists is that the de-
cision of May II, 1854, holding
that the separate-but-equal doc
trine no longer has a place in
education, holding that race can
no longer be used constitution
ally as a factor In assigning
students to public, unsupported
schools, was, in effect. an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-10
Russian Course Set

A course in beginning Russian
conversation will be offered by
the Arlington County Depart
ment of Recreation and Parks
starting at o'clock tonight at
the Stratford Junior High
School, 41o0 North Vacation
lane.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-10
Library to Be Moved

The Takoma Park CMdo Pub
lie Library will close its old build
ing at 8 Sherman avenue. Tako-
ma Park, on Saturday at $50
pm. The library will reopen at
20l Philadelphia at 1880 pm.
February l,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-10
Appeals Court Opens

RICHMOND, Jan. 10 R.-
The Virginia Supreme Court of
Appeals opened its January term
here yesterday with rs cases be-
kre 1t for oral argument.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-10

This is the first in o series Of three
on the doctrine Of interposition. tokep
from articles written by W. L. Wright.
IT,. and mode avoilobie to the Asso-
eioted Press by the Richmond Times
Dispoteh.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-10
Interposition Is Weapon
In Stote-FederoI StruqqIe

RICHMOND, Jan. 10 lE-When the Virginia Legislature,
which convenes here tomorrow examines the possibility adopt
resolution of nterpoion it will be examining ancient
theory of government theory almost itself
Interposition used the early
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-09
poto from:U.s. wfATHER sURfAU

WEATHER BUREAU FORECAST-It will continue cold over
the North and Middle Atlantic regions tonight but warm
ing trend from the Appalachans to the Mississippi indl
Gated Colder spreading the Northern and Central
Plains will scattered hurrieS in those areas IL
will be showery along the North Pacific Coast-AP WIRE
photo Map.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-09

be held here in August. The
Army Department needs social
administration adviSer-specialist,
Grade IA; an o & NJ examiner,
Grade II male only); commits
sary officer, Grade 9; informa-
ition officer, grade IL; stenog-
iraphers and teletype operators,
grade 4. Apply Army Employ
ment Coordination Office, Room
10, Old Post Office Building,
Twelfth street and Pennsylvania
avenue NV. :. Treasury's Bu-
reau of Engraving and Printing
has given outstanding perform
lance ratings to Herbert Levy.
Margaret Cullen, Mrs. Marie
Boone, Mrs, Ruth P. Bernat,
Mrs. Marcella Chapman, Walter
w. Curtiss, George S. Dodge.
Mrs. Lillian Dornin, Dolores Fam
tone, Mrs. Katharine B. Ham
NETT and Norman H. Hanne-
baum. Superior work perform
ance awards went to Leonard w.
Smith, Russell Grams, Melvin
Lewis and Walter Olson. Meri-
torious suggestion awards were
presented to Paul Schulman,
George T Batchelder, George w.
Leblanc and James c. McCul-
Tough. Smith Blair. jr., has
been appointed director. of the
European Branch of the Gen
.eral Accounting Office. :. Rich
ard T. Burress has been named
Deputy Assistant General Coun-
sci of the National Labor Rela-
tions Board.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-09
COMMISSION ADMONITION

COMMISSION ADMONITION
The Civil Service Commission
has issued new regulations 10
agencies instructing them that
III all cases involving dismissals,
suspensions and demotions. en-
ployes must be notified of their
appeal rights to the csc and the
time limit involved in making
the appeal. The csc had re-
ceived numerous complaints from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-09

not bring out as many votes. 1t
is said by observers here. How
ever, the Kefauver-Stevenson
race, creating considerable in
terest in the rest of the country
is warming up here.
While there is space on the
ballots for "write-in" votes, the
Stevenson campaign managers
are discouraging write-in cam
Ipaign for their candidate. an
always difficult operation. How
ever, around Hanover, where the
Stevenson strength is great
some groups are fostering write
in votes for their man. The thing
might spread.
Senator Kefauver plans to re-
turn to the State Sunday and
to campaign that day and Mon
day-provided he is not kept In
Washington to act on the farm
bill. He has already put in more
time here than he had planned
which may be indicative of doubt
about the election results. In
deed, Stevenson Democrats say
with some resentment, that
Senator Kefauver has been here
enough to qualify as a New
Hampshire voter.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-09
Weeks Faces
New Quiz on
.TradeCurbs
BY the Associated Dress

Secretary of Commerce Weeks
faces more critical questioning by
Senators today about this coun-
Itry's stand on the easing of curbs
on free world trade with Russia
Waiting to follow him on the
Senate Investigations Subcom-
mittee's witness stand was Har-
old E. Stassen, special assistant
to President Eisenhower. Mr.
lStassen was foreign aid director
and chief United States negoti-
ator when controls were relaxed
lat a 1854 international confer
Ience in Paris.
Eased Curbs Reluctantly
Mr.. Weeks testified yesterday
the United States agreed re-
Iluctantly to the easing of the
Icurbs under pressure from free
world allies, and made 'the best
bargain we could" in doing so.
The alternative, he said, would
have been to let the whole con-
troll system collapse and thus
open the way for even more sales
to Russia by trade-hungry West
Eern nations whose economy de-
Ipends more heavily on export
trade than does that of the
| United States.
John C Borton. an aide Of
Mr.. Weeks, testified that unless
agreements on any Single item
were unanimous in the Paris
talks, it automatically would
have gone off the embargo list
He said that without some con-
Icessions by this country "the
whole fabric of controls might
have gone in the ashcan."
Refuses to Give Details
| In the face of protests from
iCena tor McTlellap Democrat of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-09
SEE STAR FIRST
FOR HOME BUYS

Appearing every Saturday in The
Stor is wide variety Of real estote
offerings by leading builders and
brokers throughout the Washington
area.
By shopping The Stor reol estote
section first, you get heed stort in
your important week end seoreh for
just the home you wont.
In addition, reod the mony helpful
ond informative hints for improving
your home. Keep up with the lotest
real estote news os reported by The
Stor.
Make The Stor your regular shop
ping guide. Phone Sterling $1,000 for
convenient home delivery.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-09

Federal employees that they were
unaware of the appeal rights
Iavaila bic to them or of the time
period in which they had to file
an appeal.
SENATE GROUP ACTION
The Senate Civil Service Com
Imittee has set up a Subcommit-
tee to hold hearings on legisla-
ton to give three longevity in
'creases of 2la cents an hour each
ito the Governments per diem
(blue collar workers. Members
of the subcommittee are not yet
appointed, nor has a hearing
date been set. The bill is
strongly backed by the National
Federation of Federal Employees
and other Government groups.
The committee approved bill.
by Senator Clements, Democrat
of Kentucky, to give preference
for Federal jobs to employees who
are disabled in line of duty anc
by Senator Monroney. Democrat
of Oklahoma, to permit family
survivorship benefits to be paie
to the families Of Federal EN-.
Iployes who are now denied pay
ment because of the one-yeal
requirement provision.
Under the present law, ar
Iemploye who qualities for futur.
civil service benefits. then leaves
the Government and later re-
turns to it. must serve q veal
after his return to qualify rol
retirement and family survivor.
ship benefits. Senator Mon.
roney's bill would pay survivor
ship benefits even if the employs
dies before the one-year perioc
is completed.
The committee also approved
a bill sponsored by Chairman
Johnston to provide for the con
tinuance of group insurance
coverage of employees who ar'
disabled and who are being paic
compensation benefits by thu
United States Employees Com
pensation' Board. at the time O.
their death.
At present, the insurance
benefits for the families of thest
employees are not paid il TIT
employee has been off the job TO
Iatyear or more at the time O.
death. The Johnston bin pro
vides that the insurance orotec
ton would continue until thu
Labor Department ruled the EN-
ploye was unable to return tt
work, 1
4 n + X
CAPITAL ROUNDUP - Tit
American Society for Public Ad
ministration lis now holding it
annual conference in the Hote
Statler. The meeting winds VI
with h session lat $3.50 am. to-
morrow on THE Prestige Of thu
| Public Service" Patrick j
Fitzgibbon has been named chair
man of the biennial convention
of the American Federation O
Government Employees which vii
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-09

Arkansas. the subcommittee
chairman. and Senator Nc
Carthy, Republican of Wiscon-
sin, Mr.. Weeks refused to tell the
Senator's details about recon-
mendations the United States
Inegotiators had received.
He declined to hand over rec
Iords to show what was recon-
lmended by a policy group known
las the Joint Operating Commit
tee. Mr.. Weeks insisted Con-
gress is not entitled to such
information because of the con-
Istitutional doctrine of separation
Iof powers of the executive and
Legislative branches of Govern
ment.
Several Defense Department
itechnicians have testified they
Opposed the easing of the curbs
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-09

Tide Tables
FURNISHED by the, United States coas
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-09
TODAY'S WEATHER REPORT

U. S. 40 west to Ohio-Slippery
west of Frostburg, Md.
U. S, 50-Scattered icy spots.
New York Thruway-Drifting
snow in center.
5-Day Forecast for Washington
And Vicinity. March 1914
Temperatures will be a few de-
Igrees below the normal high OF
SO and low of IS. Warmer to-
morrow, colder Sunday and Mon
day with little change thereafter
Rain about Sunday and Tuesday
will total about one-third inch.
River Report
/ From U s Engineers,
| Potomac River muddy at Harper
Ferry and clear at Great Falls Shen
andoah clear at Harpers Ferry.
Temperatures for Yesterday
/ tReadinRs WASHINGTON National Airport
! Midnight 81 Noon A.
4 am. 90 4pm. A
! sam. 55 SOM. y
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-09
New Hampshire Primary
Worries Democrat Rivals

in 1852 have now shifted to Mr..
Stevenson. National Committee
man Sullivan worked for Senator
Kefauver four years ago and
now is a driving force for Mr.
Stevenson. State Chairman
Hodgson is another example
Hugh Waling of Keene was
chairman of the Kefauver-
pledged delegation to the 1852
Democratic National Convention,
but he is lined up for Mr. Ste
venson now. Another Kefauver
delegate four years ago who now
wants Mr.. Stevenson for Presi-
dent is Daniel ]. Hagerty of
Nashua. One of the most prom
inent of the 1852 Kefauver sup
porters who has shifted to Mr.
Stevenson is former Mayor john
Shaw of Rochester.
Harsh Words Hurled
Harsh words, hurled at Sena-
tor Kefauver by an irate woman
supporter of Mr.. Stevenson dur
ing a Manchester Democratic
Womens "smorgasbord" last
Sunday, are just another sign
of the rising feeling. Mrs. Mad
aline Gladu, vice chairman OF
the Democratic State Commit
tee, objected seriously to the
Senator's being photographed al
the party. and told the Senator
off-as we'll as an Associated
Press photographer. Senator
Kefauver was an invited guest
and Mrs. Gladu's remarks have
been resented.
Both sides have accused each
other of spending large sums
of money in this campaign-but
so far there is no evidence Of
such spending. The preliminary
reports of both committees made
public yesterday, show that Ke'
| fauver hackers have spent
slightly more than have those
supporting Mr.. Stevenson. Tit
Kefauver committee reported
spending $1,496.51, while the
Stevenson expenditures were ST.
487. The largest contribution re.
ported was $500, from the Ke'
| fauver headquarters in Wash
ington.
Senator Kefauver carried New
Hampshire against Mr.. Truman
/ in 1852 by 10000 to $4,000. HI
also won all the delegate races
At that time, the Democratic
State organization sat on it
launches and did nothing ex'
cept place a slate of delegates
! for Mr.. Truman in the race
and also Mr.. Truman's name il
| the preference primary. MI
Truman did not Withdraw. no
did he enter the State and III
was defeated.
so Vote Was Large
The total Democratic vote il
the 1852 primary was UNUSUAL,
large The present campaign ma,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-09
The Sun and Moon

Rises Sets
Sun, today 500 am. 500 . m
Sun, tomorrow 6:27 am 6:10p.m
Moon, today 4:31 am 1888 D m.
Automobile lights must be turned on
one half hour after sunset.
Precipitation
Monthly precipitation In inches in the
Capital current month to date
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-09
The Evil of Drink

OKEMAH. Okla. Mar. 9 (P.-
If Pete got to pig heaven he
probably was a little tipsy when
he arrived. Pete, a 300-pound
hog. was found dead by his owner
in a barrel full of mash. The
discovery also led officers to an
illegal moonshine still. Officers
found no trace of the still
operators.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-09

District and vicinity-Fair to-
night. with low around SO. Con-
siderable cloudiness and some
what warmer tomorrow,
Maryland-Fair and cold to-
night, low $3.50 in west ano
north, in 30s elsewhere. Con-
siderable cloudiness and some
what warmer tomorrow.
Virginia-Fair tonight, with
low 30-36. Considerable cloudi-
ness and warmer tomorrow.
Wind-Southerly, 1918 miles
per hour tonight. Southwest OF
west, 1920 miles per hour, to.
morrow. Good visibility.
Road Conditions-AAA
Pennsylvania Turnpike - Icy
spots. cindered.
r. Ohio Turnpike-Icy in East.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-09
Continued From First Page

of pledged delegate candidates.
The fact that Mr.. Stevenson S
name is not on the ballot, the
supporters of the former Illinois
Governor deeply regret. Even
more. they regret that Mr.. Ste
venson has not come into the
State to campaign-or even to
show himself. They contend that
had MIR. Stevenson elected to en-
ter the primary, he could have
cleaned up. But Mr.. Stevenson
and his managers decided they
did not want to risk a defeat in
this first primary of the year, in
q State which Senator Kefauver
carried four years ago over the
then President Harry S. Truman
Urged Direct Fight
Senator Kefauver has accused
Mr.. Stevenson of entering the
primary here "by the backdoor, u
and has pointed out that he
urged Mr.. Stevenson to meet him
squarely in this race.
If Senator Kefauver wins all
tie Delegates to the national con-
veftion as he could do--the Ste
venSon managers will still be in
position to say: Our man did
not enter and did not campaign
in New Hampshire-so what?'
On the other hand, If any dele
gates favorable" to MI Steven
son are elected over the Kefau.
ver-pledged delegates. they will
be able to claim a victory.
Signs of considerable bitterness
between the Kefauver and Ste
venson camps show themselves
The Kefauver managers are
screaming that three ringers
have been entered in the delegate
contests, running favorable" tt
Senator Kefauver, with the con-
nivance of the Stevenson people
in the hope of splitting the Ke'
fauver strength and permitting
Stevenson delegates to win. Tht
Stevenson managers deny this
but they are not unhappy ovel
the situation.
The three Favorable" to Ke.
fauver delegate candidates II
question are Alfred J. Bouchare
of Manchester, running for dele
gate-at-large, and Antonio Goss'
lin and Arthur j. Savageau, botf
of Manchester, running for dis
trict delegate.
Gov. Averell Hartman of New
York, who still maintains he /!
not a candidate for the Demo
cratic presidential nomination
has some supporters here, ever
if they be few and far between
William A. Joyce of Nashua ha'
been entered as a candidate fol
delegate-at-larg favorable" tt
Gov. Hartman.
Not a little of the bitterness
In this campaign has been en-
gendered because a considerable
number of Kefauver Democrat
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-09
HE FEDERAL SPOTLIGHT
Easing Of Hatch Act
For Employees Urged
By JOSEPH YOUNG

Some of the AFL-CIO Federal employe leaders asking
Congress the Hatch Act restrictions the political
Invites of Government workers.
The House recently approved bill removing from the Hatch
ban political activities those State county and municipal
workers whose paid in by Federal funds
Now various leaders seeking to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-09

the Senate amend the Dill 10
lease the political activities ban
on Federal workers.
The measure is now before the
Senate Rules Committee. The
group has not yet scheduled
hearings on the bill.
AFL CLIO Federal employe
headers have contacted the COM
Imittee and asked for an oppor-
ltunity to be heard if and when
Hearings are held this year.
Some of the postal groups
favor outright repeal of the
Hatch Act regarding Govern
Iment employees. They declare
that Federal workers are sec
ond class" citizens, unable to ex-
Epress their political views and
support the candidates they
favor.
| However, other groups such as
the AFL-CIO American Fedora
ton of Government Employees dc
not favor outright repeal. AFGE
Officials fear that repeal of the
Hatch Act would gravely injure
the civil service merit system by
making it vulnerable to the in
roads of political patronage
They fear that Federal workers
would be pressured into political
activities by their bosses, thereby
losing the protection of the
merit system and making them
selves especially vulnerable te
dismissal with any change in
administration.
AS a compromise, the ALL
ICIO Government Employees
Council, which represents The
various postal and classified
Iemploye groups in the AFL-CIO
will urge strong notifications
of the Hatch Act but not out
right repeal.
The council wilt ask that Fed.
eral workers be permitted te
freely express their politica.
;. views at any time Including
during political campaigns. II
will also urge that Federal work.
!erS be allowed to write letter:
to the editor" and participate ir
political meetings and volun.
tarily contribute openly to cam
lpaign funds.
i The council will ask that only
that part of the Hatch Act
which prohibits Federal work
ers from actively campaigning
as campaign manager or work
ier on behalf of a candidate be
retained in the Hatch Act.
! Also, the council will ask that
the penalty for violation of the
Hatch Act be modified and that
the Civil Service Commission be
given the discretion to impose
ia warning on employees instead
of having surnmarily to suspend
them for at least 90-day perioe
or fire them.
x X x y
/ COMMISSION ADMONITION
The Civil Service Commission
has issued new regulations u
|. agencies instructing them thai
LIZ, oil M COG ilnunl,,irn rIicr,niccn lr
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-09
Record remperature. rhi, wear

Record Temperatures This wear
Highest. IL. on March s.
Lowest, 90. on January "a. IS, and
February %
High and Low Of Last ~ Hours
High Yesterday So, at 1:5O am
Low this morning. 80 at 6:25 am.