davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-01-27
Continued from page II

~ The conflict Of human and
economic interests that has, al
most without exception. meant a
sacrifice Of the human welfare
principle 10 private or public econ
omy IL another source OF these
present day problems. When NOV
ed from their ancient habitats TO
the barren surfaces OF land beyond
the Mississippi the Indians were
unmolested only so long as 1t was
not known that the barren surface
concealed a wealth Of gold or oil.
Chicanery Deception and Theft
The history OF appropriation,
chieanery. deception and theft,
while national conscience slept.
constitutes a SPOT difficult to re-
move from the fabric OF our ma
tional life. Solemn treaties could
be almost always nullified by the
naturalization that eattlemen or
white settlers or oil prespectors
could make better use Of the land
than the impoverished and inlet
tered Indian.
go A third source OF the trag-
edy has been the SCATTERING OF the
Indians cultures themselves. both
by the impact Of European civili-
cation and the loss Of crucial OBJ
jects and relationships around
which the cultural life Of the peo-
pie was built, Fragmented and
torn by fate and circumstance. as
well as by well-meaning but too
often disastrous official policy,
the Indian populations have been,
almost universally stripped of
every element OF cohesion except
the basic cultural will Ia survive
in their own proud identity as In
dams,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
Alabama Lesson

Big Jim Folsom, Governor of Ala
bama, has just learned one Of the lessons
of current political life in the South. Run
ming for Democratic National Committee
man for his State, he was soundly beaten
by approximately 3-to-1 margin He was
beaten because Of charges-which he de-
nied-that he showed weakness in de-
Tending the South's traditions of separa-
ton of the races" He was beaten by
State representative who sponsored Ala
bama's notification resolution directed at
the Supreme Courts DEGREES favoring
indignation.
Although Governor Folsom has indi-
Gated a relatively moderate attitude
toward the racial issue he restated his
belief in segregation and pledged that
Alabama'S public schools would remain
segregated as long as he is Governor. But
even a suggestion Of moderation was too
much, politically. The lesson appears to
be that there is no safe middle ground on
this issue in the deep South. The dividing
line is wide and clearly cut. Those who
favor, or even tolerate, indignation may
have a following, but they do not have the
votes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
Furnishing Dope PeddIers

Dope peddlerS are particularly OBJ
noxiouS and dangerous type of criminal.
Their illicit operations spread misery and
degradation and spawn crimes of the
most violent sort. They deserve no mercy
from the laW-and they would get none
In aggravated cases under drastic legis
lation proposed by Senate Judiciary
subcommittee.
The omnibus narcotics control bill
sponsored by Chairman Daniel of the
subcommittee and his fellow Investigators
of the dope racket would even permit the
death penalty for third-offense heroin
smuggling or peddling-in the discretion
Of the jury. Life imprisonment would be
mandatory on a third conviction, unless
the jury decided that the nature of the
crime was sufficient to warrant capital
punishment. Heavy prison sentences for
first and second offenders would be writ
ten into the law. Moreover, the bill would
permit use of overlapping evidence
against drug racketeers, would liberalize
search-and-seiz procedures, would
authorize Government appeals from lower
court decisions suppressing evidence and
In other ways would materially tighten
up enforcement of the narcotics laws.
The extraordinary measures were
proposed as result of the Subcomnit-
tees countrywide investigation of drug
racketeering. Senator Daniel and his
group were astounded by disclosures as
to the ramifications and the viciousness
of drug smuggling and peddling-
cially with respect to heroin. "It is time,"
he told the Senate, "that the Congress
and the country declared the type Of open
warfare on the illicit narcotics traffic
that will stop the destruction of lives and
the commission of crimes now attribut-
able directly to this cancerous menace
within our country" The legislative pro-
poSals of the Daniel subcommittee are
designed to support such an about war.
However drastic some of the recommen-
dations may seem, the bills objective is
so commendable that Congress should
give it careful study, keeping in mind the
seriousness of Americas dope problem.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
Vital to Our Safety

Secretary of State Dulles, in his ap-
pearance before the Senate Foreign Re-
lations Committee, has presented pow
erful case in favor of continuing the
mutual security program without cur
tailment. And he has been equally i'm
preSSive in contending that the admin
iStration should be empowered ~ to run
the program with a new degree of fexi-
bility and (2) to make commitments Of
up to 500 million year for ten years in
support of overseas nonmilitary develop
mental projects.
Certainly this program, which con-
siStS Of both economic and ornaments
aid to our friends and allies abroad, is as
essential as ever to the common safety
of the United States and the free world
at large. No one can reasonably dispute
that. In its military phase alone, it is
still obviously thing of vital Importance
to the effectiveness of our interallied
defenSeS. Those defenses have persuaded
the Kremlin to deSiSt from aggression,
and they must be maintained in unSlack-
ened form even though the danger of a
general war seems to have receded as a
result of the Communist new look" For
OAAC IdCb 10, DIS N1I. Dul1CS
warned, that the Russians "have by no
means lost the capacity to be violent, and
their old policies could quickly reappear
If we faltered in the policies which have
checked them"
And by the same token our nonmili-
tary foreign assistance must keep on
operating at the level that the times
require. The reason for this Is plain
enough. In Mr. Dulles words, Russia and
Red China-retreating at least momen-
tarily from violence in an effort to spread
their influence and dominance without
risking warfare approaching newly de-
veloping countries with offers of "trade
credits, technical assistance and sales of
military equipment. These new Com
muniSt tactics make it more than ever
imperative that the United States should
continue the economic phase of our
mutual security program and should con-
tinue 1t with greater flexibility and with
greater assurance of continuity. i. It
would indeed be ironic If, now that
the Soviet has begun giving aid to its
allies in terms Of billions, and offering
economic aid to free nations in terms of
hundreds of millions, the United States
should withdraw from that program
which 1t invented and let the Soviet take
over the field"
Any such withdrawal, Of course,
would be folly Of the worst kind Indeed,
according to Mr.. Dulles, the considered
judgment Of the President and all his
diplomatic and military advisers is that
even an appreciable reduction in our
foreign aid would graveIy endanger the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
U. N. Role for President

We need a President with a
sound heart, capable at all
times of wrestling with the
tremendous problems that
arise. Moreover, President Eli
senhower is too good a man
to risk his life with campaign
ing and presidential respon-
sibilities. But at the same time
we can't afford to waste him!
Why 90 we not nominateS
and elect someone else and de-
mand that he appoint Mr.. Eli
senhower to head our delega-
ton to the United Nations?
Probably this would not be too
strenuous for him; his attitude
and personality At him mar
velously for 1t, and there is
reason to believe that he could
accomplish a great deal for
the United States, the U. N.
and the world in this position.
The election of a Demo-
cratic President would be no
bar to this-witness Humans
appointment Of Republican
Senator Warren r. Austin. In
fact, it would be a great adj
vantage to any President to
have Mr.. Eisenhower in such
a position, because our ma
tional hero could do many
things that badly need to be
done.
Alice Franklin Bryant.
Seattle, Wash.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
Aboted Crisis

In his progress report" to the
Security Council, United Nations Secre-
tary General Dag HammarSkjold has
made clear that his mission to the Middle
East has had at least one positive and
highly promising result: It has greatly
minimized the danger Of an immediate
resumption of full-scale war between
Israel and the neighboring Arab states
OF Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. It
has done this by persuading all of them
to subscribe to unconditional" ceaSe-fire
agreements that have already had the
effect of easing tension in the GAIA strip
and other threatening areas.
So far, so good. But Mr.. Hammar-
skiold himself would be the first to warn
against overoptimiStic evaluationS of
what he has accomplished, important and
encouraging though it is. For his mission
on which he will report directly and
in full to the Security Council in New
York next week.-Mrs. been limited one
designed to do no more than lay the
groundwork for later peace promoting
action. Under the new cease-fire agree
mentS, for example, the Arabs and
ISraeliS have merely pledged themselves
to live up to the solemn promises they
made land thereafter frequently vio-
lated) when they signed the armiStice
eight years ago. Accordingly, in view of
their past noncompliance, their latest
unconditional" commitments certainly
do not constitute an absolute guarantee
that there will be no further border Incl
dents of kind that could erupt into
major warfare.
To say this, however, is not to suggest
that the agreements amount to nothing
but lot OF meaningless words. Actually,
the fact that they have been signed
serves as strong evidence that neither the
Arabs nor the ISraelis want to drift into
war that could be mutually catastrophe
"a war that could also engulf the great
powers. To that extent, therefore, Mr..
Hammarskjold, whose efforts we'll deserve
the worlds commentator, has very
definitely succeeded in abating the Mid
die Eastern crisis. And that abatement,
in turn, can be of great value in helping
to create an atmosphere in which the
contending sides, together with the
United Nations, should be able to bring
reason to bear in renewed attempts to
work out def1nitive peace settlement.
At best, of course, progress toward an
enduring Middle Eastern peace is likely
to be slow. But if the Russians-as indi-
Gated in Britain by Messrs. Khrushchev
and Bulganin-are honestly prepared to
Cooperate in measures to pacify the sit
uation, then 1t ought not to be too diff
cult to advance step by step toward a
lasting understanding under which Israel
and the Arab states could coexist and
prosper as good neighbors. Mr.. Ham,
marSkjold, in any event, probably will
have some specific recommendations to
make to that end, and the Soviet response
to them will be awaited with the utmost
interest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
FIeeson's Views

Doris FleeSon's articles re-
Gently have contained many
statements which elicit COM
ment.
On April 20, under the title
"Air Power Inquiry and SYM
ington," she prods Senator
Symington to make political
hay" Of the current Senate
hearings on Air Force policy.
She states, however, that
Chairman Symington has dis
avowed partisan politics in the
inquiry. I say all power to
Senator Symington for his ex-
pressed desire to keep parti-
sanship from entering into a
matter Of such vital impor-
lance to national security.
On April 10, under the title
Democrats Singing Financial
Blues" she goes into a long
discourse as to the reasons be-
hind the current lag in Demo-
cratic Party contributions.
However, she neglects to men,
ton the single overriding fac
tor behind this seeming reluc-
lance to contribute. People are
always hesitSnt to place their
money on something when the
odds for a victory are so over
whelmingly in their disfavor.
On April IL, she criticizes
President Eisenhower for TAX
ing a golfing vacation during
the Middle East crisis. On
April 10, she states that COP
politicians are displeased be-
cause the President does not
seem to care for their company
in his hours of ease but Joins
with his business friends at
golf clubs. On April rs, she
claims that the Presidents
golflng vacation during the
farm bill hassle hurt. Miss
Feeson IL engaging In petty
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
Marine TRAGEDY

The needless drowning Of
six Marine trainees at Paris
ISland-the result Of a drill
instructors vodka drinking
while on duty-iS tragic be-
yond words. The Marine Corps
is to be highly commended for
its prompt investigation and
frank statement of the facts.
The thousands Of American
mothers with II and 10 year
old sons in the military serv-
ice who have written the De-
tense Department protesting
the sale Of beer and liquor in
the armed services are not
likely to be satisfied with an
investigation which merely
places the responsibility on an
unfortunate drill sergeant.
They will want to know how
the Defense Department can
justify its persistent and oft
repeated opposition to legis-
lation providing for greater
safeguards to youth from fol-
lowing the example Of drink
ing officers, as well as the
continuous availability of beer
and liquor in officers and
MOO clubs.
The needless sacrifice of a
single American youth is
shocking to the conscience.
While it is not humanity pos
Sible to prevent all tragedies
arising from the consumption
of alcoholic beverages, never
theless from the viewpoint Ct
many American citizens the
Defense Department would, in
the light of the present cpl
Sode, stand in a much better
position in the public mind if
it had placed its Official in
fluence on the side Of total
abstinence and discourage,
ment Of drinking among mill
tary personnel. Instead, the
Defense Department apparent
ly places every facility at the
hands Of the liquor traffic to
induce youth to become regu-
lar consumers during military
training.
The Marine Corps has an
enviable record for efficiency.
An incident like the Paris
Island tragedy could take place
in any branch Of the al med
services. Since the Defense
Department has officially OPP
posed every bill introduced in
Congress to ban the sale of
intoxicating beverages to mill
tary personnel, Congress is en-
titled to know what efforts the
Defense Department makes to
ascertain the extent to which
drinking contributes to mill
tary accidents generally, and
to breaches of military diSci-
pline. The national policy
should be determined on facts
mot on attitudes toward
drinking.
Clayton M. Wallace,
Executive Director, National
Temperance League, Inc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
WSTAS IN SCIENCE
Colon Free Zone Is Industrial Center
BY THOMAS z. HENRY

States, can be landed, stored
duty free, assembled and proc
essed, and shipped anywhere
in Latin America. Already 43
companies-the first was Gil
lette razors-have taken ad-
vantage of the opportunity and
established warehouses here.
Most of the corporations are
American. There are also
British, German and Japanese
companies. Eventually, it is
expected. the Free Zone will
become a large industrial COM
munity located almost in the
center of the Western World.
All former troubles with tariffs,
duties, and all sorts Of local re-
Strictions are done away with.
The zone Is one of the few bits
of absolutely free soil, COM
mercially, in the world.
In the past distribution of
American and European goods
in Latin America has been a
major problem. Roads and
railroads have been few and
poor. Now this difficulty is be-
ing met by air freight. South
America is probably the most
air. minded and air-dependent
part of the world, both for
commercial and passenger
traffic.
AirlineS Vital
1t is in distribution by air
that the Free Zone probably
will be most significant. All
the major international air
lines-Pan American with its
several South American sub
salaries, Air France, the
Dutch kim, British Overseas
and several otherS-are eStab-
lished here and are within a
few hours of almost any point
on the Southern Hemisphere.
Distribution which formerly
required months now can be
accomplished in a few days, at
the most. Largely because of
this, the major products now
represented in the Free Zone
warehouses are such as lend
themselves most readily to air
transportation, such as COM
modities of the large United
States drug manufacturers.
Pan American alone is han
ding nearly a half million
pounds of clipper cargo out
of the zone per month.
The zone is a purely Pana-
nanian enterprise. During
the past year it did a $500 mil
lion business. There Is an an
nual payroll Of SIS million,
all going to Panamanian work
ers. All transactions are in
United States currency.
The scheme was recently de-
scribed as probably the major
advance yet made anywhere
to overcome the hardening of
the arteries Of com merce
through the greater and great
er accentuation of the sover-
eign rights Of nations"
Under the Colon scheme.
warehouses or assembly plants
can be set up by a foreign COM
pany itself, or will be built
according to the general speci-
f1cations by the zone authority
and leased. Actually every step
from processing raw material
to selling the finished product
can be carried out here.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
Hiss at Princeton

Surely the editorial 'Hiss at
Princeton" carried the under
statement Of the year. For,
according to the writer, in ex-
tending their invitation to AL
ger Hiss "a convicted perjurer,
regarded by many as a traitor,
the young men Of Princeton's
debating society displayed
something less than what most
people would regard as good
taste, sound judgment or an
awareness of the fitness of
things"
The editorial seemed to take
the position, too, that the main
principles involved were:
Would Alger Hiss "sully" or
"subvert" young minds? Would
the university suffer damage?
To conf1ne the consideration to
these points is to miss the more
serious and much deeper sig
nificance.
For example, is there not q
serious moral principle in
volved in allowing students to
rush in with invitations honor
ing persons convicted or even
accused of crimes? Even if
we exclude the moral principle.
think Of the use that such q
person, particularly one in
volved in such a serious charge
as treason, could, if he chose,
make of the prestige gained
through appearing as an hon.
ored guest Of a great and high
ly respected university.
We wonder, too, if the heads
OF the university were really so
wise as the editorial believed,
in going on record as "disap-
proving" the invitation to Mr..
Hiss, while refusing to deny
the students the right to well
come him.
Perhaps 1t would have been
fairer and less confusing to
these young minds If their
elders had held their ground
and drummed into them the
difference between freedom"
and license" Of speech.
Lila Douglas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04

we mean, and everybody who
has ever loved this music will
know, because there is nothing
quite like it. Even his cousin.
the hermit thrush, hiding still
in the deep woods, lacks some
thing Of the sheer appeal Of
this ventriloquistic fellow.
A true musician. the wood
thrush puts in a bit OF dis
sonance, now and then, to set
of his pure notes.
Raisins are the best food we
can offer him.
Lack of thrushes is all the
more upsetting TO the bird
friend because this species is
unique in changing itself from
a forest to q town bird.
Where he comes plentifully,
he is always following the lawn
mower, or even getting in the
way.
He may be seen finding food
in flower beds, and perching in
the trees at eventide to sing
his distinctive song by the full
half hour.
Then, if one listens carefully,
he will hear the harsh notes
put in between the triolets,
and be mildly amazed to find
them pleasing. But we told you
this one is a real musician.
Right out o! the heart of ma
ture he brings a wonderful
voice and the heart of a mas
ter. Melody to him is as old as
the hills, and twice as wonder
full.
1t is true he sings the same
old song over and over, but
why not? When you have a
hit" repetition is good.
1t is only when a song is
cheap that it fails to please
when sung over and over again.
The wood thrush, master of
melody, sings his old song, and
1t is always brand new, espe-
cially when heard for the first
time each spring.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
Port Revival

Inc proposed reopening of the Poto-
mac River to deep-water shipping not
only would restore some Semblance of
Washington'S and Alexandria'S earlv i'm
portance as ports but would have a pro-
found effect on waterfront development
in, this area. Therefore, the survey by
Army Engineers called for in pending
legislation ought to be co-ordinated with
Federal and District plans for improve
ment OF dock facilities here-particularly
with those now being formulated in con-
nection with the redevelopment of South
west Washington.
Under the zeckendorf program for
rebuilding Area c in the Southwest, the
entire waterfront district would be re-
designed and improved in line with the
general reconstruction of residential and
industrial zones. It would seem logical
to delay the detailed planning of the
waterfront changes if there is going
to be any extensive channel deepening
and revival of regular ocean-going
ship operations in the port of Wash
ington. Such revival has been advo-
Gated for many years on both sides of
the river. The latest move in that
direction is sponsored by the City of
Alexandria, the Alexandria Chamber Of
Commerce and the Washington Board
Of Trade. Representative Broyhill of
Virginia has introduced resolution to
authorize Federal survey to determine
the feasibility and cost of the project.
Since the Southwest redevelopment pro-
gram is nearing the point where actual
work can begin, Congress should act on
the survey proposal without undue delay.