davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1956-03-26
Dilemma for Democrats

Adlai Stevensons surprising defeat IN
the Minnesota Democratic primary mas
greatly encouraged speculation that the
party will settle eventually on "compro-
mise" or dark horse" presidential noml-
nee 1t is possibility that is simpler IN
theory than it may be in accomplishment.
For, in sense, Mr.. Stevenson himself is
a compromise candidate. His moderate
approach to some of the most controver-
Sial issues, while not being fully satistac-
tory to either the liberal or conservative
Democratic factions, likewise has not been
sufficiently unpopular to prompt sus-
tanned attack from either wing. Few OF
the other dark horses most frequently
mentioned possess these middle-of-the-
road qualifications. Furthermore, there
are increasing signs that the most restive
wing of the party-the so-called liberal
faction-iS bent upon a showdown fight
for control that may leave little chance
for compromise with the Southern con-
servative bloc.
The issue has been stated most
clearly, and virtually as a challenge for
the battle to begin, by spokesman
oficially outside the party. Using Sen
ator Johnson of Texas, widely mentioned
as a stalking horse for the conservative
faction, as his target, Chairman Joseph
L. Rauh of Americans for Democratic
Action not only has attacked the party
leadership in Congress but has dealt
scornfully with any philosophy OF mod
Grafton or middle of -the-roadism. There
is question, perhaps Of how much in
fluence the ADA actually has on the po-
litical stage. But there is not much
question that Mr.. Rauhs viewS-in his
own words, "loud and sometimes even
shrill"-coincide often with those of such
Democratic "liberals" as Governors Harri-
man of New York and Williams of Michi-
gan. Both were quick to criticize Mr..
Stevenson's moderation. Both have been
mentioned as possible Democratic presi-
Dental nominees.
There is likewise relatively little ques-
tion that these views, and those who ad-
here to them, are decidedly unpalatable
to the leaders of the Democratic conserv-
ative faction. If Mr.. Stevenson fails in his
bid for the nomination, and if the con-
tending factions are unable to agree on
a dark horse nominee like Senator
Symington, another third party move
ment looms as distinct possibility.
Evening star., 1956-03-26
DiriqibIes Defended

In confusion over airpower,
our military leaders are over
looking the value of one i'm
portant. If not spectacular.
weapon-the dirigible.
Despite the fact that this
country possesses an almost
unlimited supply of helium
gas, no effort has been made
by the military to utilize the
dirigible in the last 20 years.
It takes more than fighters,
bomberS and guided missiles
to win a war. Dirigibles could
be employed off the East and
West coasts as airborne early
warning aircraft, that is. fly
ing radar stations.
Today, the United States
Air Force has in its defense
system a number of aircraft
modified to serve as flying
radar stations. These aircraft
can cover thousands of square
miles, and are more effective
than land-based radar units
because they are not hindered
by the earth'S curvature.
Huge dirigibles could be
used for this purpose even
more effectively. Having a
range and flight endurance
much greater than that of
aircraft now used, they would
make a surprise air attack on
the United States more nearly
impossible.
r. F. DOrr,
Evening star., 1956-03-26
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

There is also an essay about
an unfinished book.
Villa Gathers enduring fame
will rest on her novels.
These, with dates Of publi-
cation, are:
"Alexander's Bridge" 1912;
20 Pioneers!" 1913; 1.-THE Song
of the Lark" 1915; "My An
tonia," 1918; "One of Ours"
1922; "a Lost Lady" 1923;
"The Professors House." 1925;
"My Mortal Enemy" 1926;
Death Comes for the Arch
bishop" 1927; Shadows on
the Rock" 1881; Lucy Gay
heart" 1885, and "Sapphira
and the Slave Girl" 1910.
The reader who knows his
Henry James will probably get
more of Villa Gathers stories,
because she definitely looked
back toward that conSummate
artist.
She was as solemn as he
was, and a great deal sadder.
AS solemn as he was, James
had no gloom in his system.
but certain inner serenity. His
struggles were his own. He held
them in a certain reserve pc
culiar to the gentleman Of his
day.
Today's younger readers
probably will not take to the
art Of Villa Gather. although
there has been a movement in
the colleges to that end.
Her people. as Sarah Orne
Jewett's, were too rounded, too
complete, too integrated, to
appeal much to young people
who may be thrown into war
at any moment.
The blight of Juvenile delin-
quency has spread all over
the country, maybe the world,
and one of its little publicized
features is the disdain of many
for artistic work.
Both Henry James and Villa
Gather were artists, first, last
and all the time. The reader
has to take them that way, or
lose them.
Evening star., 1956-03-26
Provincial Politics.

Your March Is editorial,
Provincial Politics." raises a
few questions which you fail to
answer in the editorial itself.
If safety Of air travellers in
and out Of Washington is in
jeopardy, is not Senator Butler
to be commended rather than
censured for advocating a step
that would Immediately relieve
much OF the congestion? Con-
struction of an airport at
Burke would require a waiting
period of at least two and a
half years, even If done on a
crash basis, before relief of
the congestion could be
achieved. Do you advocate
that? If so, your attitude to-
ward the danger is a strange
one indeed, for you are urging
that it be faced two and a
half years longer, in increas-
ing amount, rather than be re-
lieved at once. 1t is an odd
concern over safety that will
accept relief from it only
through a single, favored rem
edy, when other, quicker and
equally effective means are
already at hand. The inescap-
able conclusions are: Cd There
is no real danger, or {2) if
there is, you are not actually
concerned about it.
AS to provincial politics"
it seems to make all the diff
ference in the world just what
province" is doing the poll
ticking" We have seen no
objection on your part to &C
tivity by the Washington
Board of Trade on behalf of
an airport at Burke. If it is
bad for Maryland to press the
case for Friendship, why not
equally bad for the Washing
ton Board Of Trade to do so
for Burke?
Let us give credit where
credit is due, and extend our
thanks to Senator Butler for
having made a really construc-
tive suggestion for relief of
congestion at National Airport.
Ernest w. Reisner,
Chairman, Homeowners OPP
posed to Jet Airport in
Fairfax County.
Evening star., 1956-03-26
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
New Slant on a CoostIine Mystery
By THOMAS R. HENRY

different sea levels in the re-
mote past.
In the dark depths of Yucca
tan caves dwells Pluto infer
malls. lord of Inferno.
1t is long, white. blind eel
like fish, altogether the weird
est of all the strange company
of back-boned animals which
spend their lives in perpetual
damp darkness under the
earth, Kenneth Dearhoff of the
Reading, Pa. museum has
reported to the American
Association for the Advance
ment of Science.
During the past 1873 years.
he reported, a total of "a
vert tebrates have been
described as living in the caves
of North America, while 1874
others, including man, abide
in caverns now and then for
various reasons.
There are, for example, five
kinds of true cave-dwelling
salamanders. The eel-like fish
is remarkable from the fact
that If 1t is reared in light it
retains its eyes and skin color.
If reared in darkness it loses
its eyes and becomes white.
Few True Cave Reptiles
Contrary to popular belief,
Mr.. Dearhoff pointed out.
there are few true cave rep
tiles. Turtles, snakes and liz-
ards are not happy in the cave
climate, supposedly well suited
to their ways of life. The five
species that have been re-
corded have either fallen or
strayed into caves or have gone
in chasing mouse or rat.
OF mammals, other than
bats, little white-footed mice
are found in caverns and may
remain there all their lives,
especially in places like Man,
moth Cave and Carlsbad where
many tourists bring lunches
and leave the remains.
Forty-three kinds Of bats
have been recorded from North
American caverns. For the
most part, however, they use
the underground retreats only
for roosts and places to hiber-
nate. They normally are crea-
lures of the open air and of
the night. They create, how
ever, a food source for true
cave dwellers.
There are eight families and
20 species of fish in the sub
terranean waters. They are
seen by man only when he goes
underground and makes a
systematic search of the buried
rivers and pools. Occasionally
water pressure throws them
out of deep wells.
Mr.. Dearhof reported to the
association a census of cave
fauna, for the most part de-
Scribed only in obscure scien-
tiflc publications. It remains
largely unknown to the aver
age biologist.
Evening star., 1956-03-26
Capitol Manifesto

10 Fairfax Republican.
auJnor of the Marcn II letter
"Capiuoi Manifesto" it should
be pointed out that he differs
from most Virginia Republic
cans on the factors underlying
the racial question. Perhaps
for that reason he finds it
difficult to understand why
Republican members Of the
Virginia congressional delega-
ton signed the Statement OF
Constitutional Principles as
did the Democrat members.
Moreover, I fear Fairfax Re-
publican" has forgotten what
Abraham Lincoln said in ref
erence to the Dred Scott de-
cision, which in substance was
that the decision of the Su-
preme Court was wrong and
that it should be fought until
corrected.
The record of votes cast in
the recent referendum to
amend the Virginia constitu-
ton SHOWS that the dominant
Republican areas of the State.
i.e., the Shenandoah Valley
and Southwest Virginia. voted
largely as did Piedmont and
Southside Virginia, despite the
fact that the colored popu-
lation is not heavily concen-
trated in the Republican
areas. In those areas, how
ever, Republicans like DEM
ocrats are Virginians and are
largely descended from the
early Virginia settlers. The
majorities of both parties in
the State are conservative and
speak with a united voice on
vital constitutional questions.
They are independent citizens
who can lay aside partisan
labels and rise jointly to de-
fend an acceptable way Of life,
their customs, their institu-
tions, and their States tradi-
tions. These Virginians recog-
nize the hypocrisy Of the agi-
tators who are creating racial
hatred in furtherance of alien
PHILOSOPHERS and who chant
the false notion that segrega-
ton means discrimination.
Therefore, when Republi-
can members of Congress
from Virginia signed the
statement (not a manifesto
by any stretch of meaning),
they were likewise expressing
the view of the great majority
of their constituents, Repub-
licans and Democrats alike.
Native Virginian.
Evening star., 1956-03-26

Scattered along the Atlantic
coast from New Jersey south
ward are thousands of ellipse-
shaped depressions-the So
called Carolina bays"
They are unique geological
formations. For a century their
origin has been a mystery to
biologists. Often in the past
they have been attributed to
some ancient bombardment of
this part of the earth by an
extraordinary shower of shoot
ing stars.
A new and quite different
concept has been proposed by
DR.. C. Wythe Cooke of the
United States Geological Sur
vey in a report just published
as a survey professional paper.
based largely on the shape and
distribution of these forma-
tions. The meteorite lombard
ment theory. he holds, is not
plausible for several reasons,
chief of which is failure to find
any buried fragments of such
projectiles from outer space.
Neptune's Race Tracks
He calls the peculiar for
nations IN eptune's race
tracks" They are the remains.
he holds, of inshore pools with
sandy bottoms close to the sea
and with openings through
which the tides came. The
natural effect of this, DR..
Cooke holds, would be to set
the waters of such pools in
rotation. The eddies would
tend to pile up sand from the
bottom in semicircular walls
around the pool edges.
A difficulty comes from the
almost invariably elliptical
shape. But. he says, a con-
tinuous eddy of water would
be distorted from the naturally
circular form by the force of
the earth's rotation and would
take on the form of an ellipse.
Mathematical C "a alculation S
show that the ellipses found
are about what might be ex-
pected.
The pools with their sand
rims were left when the sea
retreated or the land rose.
Many of them, however, are
still sand-rimmed marshes.
"Neptune's race tracks seems
an appropriate name" he says.
mot only because the shape
of the rings resembles a race
track but because Neptune's
horses, the tides and waves,
played an essential part in
their formation"
His hypothesis is supported,
he points out, by recent dis
covery of similar formations
in the process of evolving in
shallow tidal waters of Chesa-
peake Bay.
The race tracks" he holds,
were formed at different peri
DDS along different parts of
the coaStline and represent
Evening star., 1956-03-26
MONTGOMERY Schools

1t is the view OF an ever
growing number of residents
in Montgomery County that a
real effort is needed to acquaint
the citizens, and would-be
future citizens, with the school
classroom shortage as the sit
uation now stands Particular
emphasis is required for the
Wheaton area presently
encompassing five elementary
schools (total enrolment ap-,
proximately 4.100). These are:
Connecticut Avenue Park
School, Weller Road School,
Highland Park School, Glen
mont Elementary School and
Wheaton Woods School. All
of these schools, with the ex-
ception of Connecticut Avenue
Park School which opened its
doors in September, 1854. have
had additional building Of
classroom space. The Connect
icut Avenue Park School has
made a request for an addition
of four classrooms. The Weller
Road and Highland Park ad-
ditions have been approved,
though actual construction has
not begun. within the
Wheaton area the Board of
Education plans to build two
more elementary schools by
1857. Eight years ago. one
elementary school tGlenmont)
served this same area. The
Glenmont School is now COM
pleting its fourth addition.
This constant growth has
caused some elementary-school
children to enter kindergarten
in one school, enter first grade
in another school, enter second
grade in third school, with
out ever changing place of
residence. There appears to
be a possibility that they will
appear at another school next
year!
Available preschool census
figures indicate that with the
above existing and proposed
classroom space there will be
a serious classroom shortage in
the elementary schools through
1860.
1t appears to this writer
that the Board of Education
in Montgomery County is far
too conservative in its ap-
proach as set forth in the SUI
perintendent's budget concern
ing immediate and future
needs Of the Wheaton COM
munity, unless the board ex-
poets to carry the area on a
permanent emergency" basis.
Evelyn G. Keller.
Evening star., 1956-03-26

one OF the great joys OF lie
is to keep on finding the good
things before you are knocked
on the head with a mallet.
In this continuing happi-
ness, past performances mean
a great deal.
If you have found one good
writer, the reading thereof fits
you to discover another.
The reader who has worked
his way through Henry James
will be in just the right mood
to appreciate Villa Gather.
Everyone is supposed to
have read Death Comes for
the Archbishop"
Tut, tut, of course; but the
fact is that maybe one hasn't,
so what?
The fact that one hasn't
means all the more JOY to dis
cover.
1t is part of the folklore Of
Americans that we all must
have read certain things.
These certain things" in
clude q great list, and posi-
lively nobody has read a tenth
of it.
Somehow, we are all sup
posed to be immune to failure.
even in reading.
We must pretend we are
acquainted with many authors
we have not read, and maybe
never will, or we are ignora-
muses..
What is an ignoramus?
The word is, in truth, a
complete Latin sentence:
1--WE do not know"
At one time, in the history
of the world, certain brave
men had the plain gumption to
cry out, "Ignoramusl" which,
being translated, meant simply,
1--WE don't know" Probably
certain wights managed to give
it the subtle meaning of "We
not only don't know. but we
don't give a whoop, either"
4 X X
The brave man who dareS
to say, II don't know" is a
very brave man. and in some
countries he may be given full
credit.
In our own beloved America,
he is put down as a fool who
doesn't know how to get ahead.
The second he says Il don't
know" there are 20 guys-who
also don't know-ready to say
he had better get hep to the
facts of life.
he Will be sorry, so he might
as well join the gang and pre-
tend to know it all, just as
they do.
The best thing to do is to
pretend wisdom, but know in
your own secret heart that
you are a fool, because the
truth is the truth. and by it
no man was yet harmed, ex-
cept in the United States of
America.
No better way to have joy,
then, than to find a great new
writer-new and great for you
no matter when she wrote.
The easiest way to make the
acquaintance of Miss Gather,
at this late date, is to get a
copy of one of the aristocrats
of the paper book industry,
Five Stories" by Villa Gather.
published by Vintage.
This is a nice book. with
one Of her short stories. and
four Of her long short stories.
Evening star., 1956-03-26
'Georqe Mason Bridge

The writer wishes to in
dorse Representative. Broy-
hills bill to name the pros
pective Jones Point bridge at
Alexandria the George Mason
Memorial bridge.
George Mason was one of
the top half dozen leaders in
Virginia during the Revolution
and formation of our Gov
ernment. but he has received
scant recognition, even in Vir-
ginia.
George Mason took an active
part in preparation of the
Constitution, but did not sign
1t and opposed It's adoption
Evening star., 1956-03-26

because 1t failed to contain
a bill of rights and did not
provide for gradual freeing Of
the slaves. The almost i'm
mediate passage of the Bill
of Rights as the first 10
amendments and the subse-
quent slavery problems bore
out the craftsmanship of this
great Virginian and neighbor
on the Potomac.
Braxton HI. Tabb, jr.
Evening star., 1956-03-26
Relief for Italy

South Italy is suffering
from a food shortage and is
in real distress. This country
has more food than it knows
how to- use. and we are SPEND
ing millions trying to advertise
our way Of life and fight
communism.
What more effective meas
ure could we take than to
place large supplies Of food at
the disposal Of the italian
government, to be distributed
among workers who would be
willing to build roads and
improve Italy's housing?
Herbert p. Carter.
Evening star., 1956-03-26
A New Rx

Old Doctor Winter tDriteS q
netD
Prescription for the year:
The suns bright golden eyes
are due
To smile more Wdrm and
clear,
That Spring again may help
rene1D
(,Dith stormy petrnl cheer
The sky Nth pearl and Mary
blue,
While EdStertime draws
near.
Nellie Amos
Evening star., 1956-03-26

@. What is the name of the
underground city in Australia
where some of the worlds fin
est opals are mined?-K. NICK.
A. This is Coober Pedy, situ-
ated in the desert of South
Australia. Here the summer
temperature may hit 1881, and
there is no shade, no natural
water and no vegetation. In
order to live under these harsh
conditions, the opal miners,
who number about 40 whites
and 70 aborigines, have fash
ioned an underground city.
The only structures on the
surface are the post Office,
store and water tank. Miners
usually stay in Coober Pedy
about eight months Of the
year.
@. How many boys clubs
are now in operation? A. Y.
A. Boys Clubs of America
operates 433 clubs in cities
throughout the country. Half
a million boys belong to these
clubs.
Evening star., 1956-03-26
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names mGv be used II
letters carry iDriters' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
sdtion.
Evening star., 1956-03-26
Questions and Answers
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE

A reader can get an answer n any
factua question by writing The
Evening Star information Bureau,
1900 Eye Ct NV Washington 5.
D C Please Inclose 4 cents for re-
turn postage
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1956-09-08
u. S. TO LAYOFF
WORKERS IN
PANAMA

PANAMA CITY, r. P.-(ANP)
A welcome meeting for new
Panama Canal Governor William
E. Porrer turned sour last week
when more than 1000 local-rate
Negro non-U1S. citizens) were
told that observation-disclosures no.
tees to a large group of employees
will be issued within the next so
days.
In his address to the public
welcome arranged by the local
date communities and held in the
Rainbow City Gym on the Allan
tic Side, the governor told en-
ployeeS 1--WE will he forced to
lose" of the impending cut in the
working force.
He said the end to commiSsary
privileges for nonresident en-
ployees of the Canal Zone, which
become effective next Jan. / will
result in the closing of about four
cornniSSary stores and three SER
vice centers or club houses. The
reduction in sales volumes, he
said, will amount to about 12,OOO,-
600 dollars.
The termination of commiSsary
and free entry privileges for nom
resident employees of the Cansl
Zone is provided for in the new
Pharmaceutical States Treaty, the
implementation of which threat
ems a rupture in US-RP relations.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1956-09-08
FOUNDATION
TO HANDLE
FNIMC FUNDS

The Board of Trustees of Flo
rida Normal and Industrial Me-
mortal College voted a trust
sgreement with the Florida Bap-
fist Foundation to serve as trus-
tees for endowment funds of the
college.
This was considered a major
step in securing the assets of the
college which at the present time
are in better financial condition
than any other in its history. DR..
Puryear, president of the college,
stated that this is the initial step
in placing the institution on a
sound financial basis as set forth
in plans upon the recent Develop
ment Program was initiated.
Stocks and bonds and other as
sets in the endowment found of
the college will now be handled
by the Florida Baptist insti tu-
tons in the state including Stet-
son University.
H. c. Culbreath, Tampa Steam
ship Executive, is president of the
foundation and the Rev. G.. A.
Lichleiter of Plant City is Ex-
ecutive Secretary.