davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-09-21

sired to deal with them as Negroes
were treated in the South"
I'm Southern Indiana and Hin
dis the same condition obtained,
states historian Carter Woodson
in his Century of Negro Migra-
ton. The aboltionist, Elijah Love-
joy was murdered by an Illinois
mob. East st. Louis (nl) race
riots are easily remembered.
Springfield CnlD riots were the
immediate motivation for the or
ganization Of the NAACP.
In other words, Sturgis, Ken
lucky, is just another town in
traditioually tense area-part Of
which is southern Illinois q.
The North" to the uninitiated.
One-Ha of One Percent
Consciously or subconsciously,
we who should be better informed,
seem somewhat less than analyti-
cal in presenting the facts OF inte-
grafton. For instance, while hail
ing the fact that II Texas school
districts had integrated. we saw
no story in either daily or week
ly press which pointed out
whether this indignation had taken
place in normally friendly sec
tons Of this huge, sprawling
state Of many moods, or in the
"anything-can-happen" areas Of
Negro density.
Neither did we see mention Of
the percentage Of Negro students
20 the total number involved in
this indignation. PrSiseworthy as
is the compliance shown, we think
Il is well to ponder the fact that
1900 Negro children out of a SOO.-
600 total. is one-half of one per-
cent. In other words, density does
affect the pattern. Later Texas
| figures reported in Southern
School News" show above 100 dis
/ tricts-for this fall with IS
thousand Negro students out OF a
total Of SIS thousand or more than
four and one-half percent with
East Texas, tough and thickly
/ populated announcing desegrega-
ton for 1887.
kaSPer OF New Jersey
Frederick John Kasper, who. be-
fore Clinton, Tennessee had
showed up in Alaska to testify a.
gainst the Alaskan Territorial
mental health bill on the grounds
that is was based on psychiatry.
D pSychiatrists were Jews. and
''this is not a Jewish nation" iden-
tined himself, there. as a resident
Of Merchantville, New Jersey.
presently living in Washington.
The lunatic fringe leader, now out
on bail while appealing a sentence
OF a year in prison for violation OF
a Federal Court injunction against
Indictment. has announced his in
tention Of setting up headquarters
in Tennessee to carry on his de-
fiance.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-09-21
capifal Closeup

The North" and The South"

THE North" and The South"
Washington - Commenting on
the Sturgis, Kentucky school de-
segregation disturbance, a well-in-
tentioned feature writer in the
Washington Star Sunday, Sept
9.l956D. made much Of the fact
that Sturgis is Just five miles
from the Illinois State line" and
has a Negro population Of less
than 10 per cent
While well written and in many
ways informative, the comments
are noteworthy as an example
in the references to the North and
the South--of the popular miscon-
ceptioE Of the significance OF sec
uonal boundaries, as well as for
the writer's evident lack Of fam
iliarity with the civil rights back
grounds Of the Border States.
Thue enough, Sturgis, practical
" on the Ohio River in Western
Kentucky chats Congressman
hatcher Of Bowling Green) is in
Union County, which was pre-
dominantly pro-Union during The
/ War. but the area, on both sides
OF the Ohio, as well as along the
Mississippi, has been racislly tense
since Illinois, Ohio and Indiana
were first formed from the North
west Territory The indenture sys-
\ tenn existing before the War" in
southern Illinois and Indiana, has
been called, "tantamount 20 slav-
cry as it was Practced in parts Of
the South"
/ Less than a decade before hos
/ tihties broke out between the
States. Illinois passed the drastic
law OF 1888, prohibiting the inn
migration Of Negroes, and provid-
ing for the arrest and fning Of
any Negro who appeared in the
state and remained for more than
10 days, and for his sale 10 any
person who could pay the cost OF
his trial, II such Negro was un-
able to pay his fine OF so dollars.
In the Black Friday riots at
Portsmouth. Ohio. eighty Negroes
were driven from the town at the
request OF some two hundred ere
spectahle" we supposeo white
citizens. In Cincinnati, fear Of job
competition among the laboring
class. revived laws requiring free
Negroes 10 carry certificates OF
their freedom and TO give bond
wilberforce was settled by 1900
Negro refugees from Cincinnati
mob violence. There was a syste-
matte effort 10 kill off and drive
out the Negroes who were becom-
ing too wei established. and CIV
ing offense 10 white men who de-
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-09-21
Letters To The Editor
coMpIAIMs or nLc1A1oRsnlp Ar CHURCH

Editor As an active member Of St James AE church St Paul
since Joined the church believe in 1916 and member
Of the Senior Choir appointed
Rev Moore and serving three ministers surprised TO
learn Stewards Board by j.
Jones for o M
know has been the policy the from office
those people that anagonc towards and replace
them with people amable 10 suggestion
Is church to be Of dictatorship by
and his yes II 1t is time a change.
have worked against church pastor would
like his removing the boardLuher Lyon 10
w. Central Az, It..
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-09-21

treachery says things
they love 10 defense
What is alarming that the Associated Press should
in Louisiana credit this being
prominence in the Negro him called
and what he being Of much Importance.
Such claptrap all the country Up Duluth PUBLIC
ITY, Duluth edited by Fieda its
edition. appears editorial based Addson's vapongs
views Of Ashevle, NJ c. white daily which progregatonist
The Duluth paper had the title Negroes
Side Just who editor Monger thought she kidding puzzle
but imagine there lot of unsspecng souls
this racial line which ndngshable supre
macy business for which millions died
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-09-21
IGNORANCE A PUBLIC mfnAcf7

Editor Any child irrespective of color or
creed walking ignorant class public
down immigration quota could provide
omic sanctions for all Of jus soil citizens.
With Indignation both sides get what
that indignation
solve the problem only limited by the domestic constitutional
procedure and his professional competence
be that practiced diplomacy right
here free America could proudly flag flying
all the 4s and let the he
that he his standard
propaganda example the
the world to follow.
How many yes?--; How many no?-; How many
don't NJ Davis, SSOS Smelling Av S. Minneapo
Minnesota
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-09-21

changes employ bands and parades
there considerable number ethnc
psychological twists observable which the people
orally paying attention the
real significance the selection Of Negro girl beauty
Iowa college the growing tendency to give
Bailey eevson, the OPP
portny of little coord girl to show her superiority when it
perfect spelling the old blue back lexicon.
the Dispatch this incidents indicates definite
social dignity the Negroes 1t makes
difference that politicians yp usual
about the black nfeoy psychoocaly the
public nferoy and
equality standing life which
he is entled-Okahoma Black Dispatch
Evening star., 1956-12-21
Grumbling at Capitol Over Proposal to
Invite YugosIov Dictator Here

years ago is still remembered.
In 1916 two unarmed Ameri-
can military planes on a flight
from Vienna to Italy lost their
way in bad weather and flew
over Yugoslav territory. Tito's
fighter planes did not buzz
them or order them to land.
They shot the planes down
without warning.
It is to be hoped that if
the Yugoslav President comes
to Washington he will visit
Arlington Cemetery and place
wreaths on the graves of the
five American boys wantonly
killed by an "ally." 1t is true
that Tito paid some indemnity
for the two planes but he did
not even have the grace to
apologize for the murder Of
the airmen.
The lack of confidence in
the Yugoslav dictator's trust
worthiness was brought to the
fore last July when the Senate
and House voted against fur
ther foreign aid to Yugoslavia.
This was provided in an
amendment to the foreign aid
bill by Senators Styles Bridges
and William Knowland. Under
White House and State De-
partment pressure, Congress
finally agreed that President
Eisenhower should decide
within 80 days whether the aid
should be continued.
The President decided, and
released only a very small
amount of aid to YugoSlavia-
mainly food. This in itself was
interpreted as an indication of
lack OF confidence in Tito's
loyalty to the policies of the
free world.
There is already, before an
official invitation has been ex-
tended to Tito. a good deal of
grumbling by Republican and
Democratic members of both
houses. These legislators do
not understand how our aims
for peace could be served by
Evening star., 1956-12-21

unity are free in America and
dominated in Russia.
Mr.. Broger's latest effort is a
part of a long-range enterprise
announced about a year ago.
Spurred by Korea Events
The program is a radical de-
parture from established prac-
tice in that it springs largely
from this country's sense OF
shock over the way in which
numerous youths exposed tc
Communist propaganda in Korea
proved unable to resist it and a
realization that some Americans
tumble badly in arguments over
ways of life.
An item in the exhibits to be
used in the instruction program
is the reminder that if an
American enjoys basic freedoms,
he also holds basic responsible
ties.
The program has been studied
by a volunteer jury in the
Pentagon and by university
presidents and jurists.
A stimulus for it was con-
tained in President Eisenhower's
executive order of last year
presenting a code of conduct for
members of the armed forces
and in it specifically pledgine
each member of the armed
forces to guard not only MS
country but "our way of life. I,
Evening star., 1956-12-21

The ways of our present
''personalized diplomacy" are
mysterious indeed. Our policy
makers in the White House
and State Department seem to
think that by inviting as the
Nations guests those who are
still fundamentally opposed to
what the American people
stand for they can increase the
chances of peace in our time"
The pending invitation to
YugoSlavia's President -Dicta-
tor Joseph Broz Tito has
taken many people by surprise.
although it actually has been
in the works for some time.
Marshal Tito, while receiving
important economic and mill
tary assistance from us since
1943 when he was ousted from
the Comintern. has never done
anything which would even
vaguely indicate dissent from
the major policies of the
Kremlin. And since the Khru-
shchev-Bulganin team crawled
before him in Belgrade last
year he has not given even
lip service to the policies Of
the free Western nations.
Tito was one of the princi-
pal "consultants," along with
India's Ambassador at Large
Krishna Menon and Soviet
Foreign Minister Shepilov, be-
fore Egypt's President-Dicta-
tor NaSSer decided to national
iZe the Suez Canal Co. He has
invariably sided with the Com
munist and Afro-ASian blocS
at the United Nations. And
last week whit en- we offered
a resolution condemning the
bloody repression of Hungar-
ian workers and students by
Soviet divisions, Yugoslavia's
delegate was among the few
who abstained from voting.
While these political phases
of Tito's activities may be
over the heads of many Ameri-
cans, the murder of FIVE Amer
leans by his air force only 10
Evening star., 1956-12-21
DAVID LAWRENCE
The Rddio-TV 'EquoI Time Rule

from this doctrine has since
come a whole system Of con-
troll. While pretending not to
influence program content,
actually all this does indirectly
affect such programming.
Likewise. instead of auctioning
off facilities to the highest
bidder as is the custom with
the sale or leasing Of other
Federal property, the Govern
ment goes through a rather
devious and doubtful proce-
dure in which it attempts to
evaluate the quality of
leadership" a prospective
recipient of the license may
give in the community.
Some day the whole basis
under which Government
privileges are extended to
those who operate such facili-
ties commercially will come
under scrutiny by Congress to
determine if the Federal Gov
ernment is deriving the rev.
enue it is entitled to get from
the issuance of such licenses.
Second-class mail rates are
periodically reviewed by Con-
gress. but there is no fee paid
for television and radio
licenses. 1t is precisely because
these licenses are free" that
the Congress feels it can
demand free" time for polit-
ical candidates.
Both television and radio
broadcasters consider them
selves today as coming within
the broad guarantee known as
the freedom of the press"
The broadcasting industry
would be far better off in its
fight for constitutional pro-
lection if it offered to pay a
regular fee for its licenses. It
could then argue persuasively
for a complete abandonment
of all controls except for the
necessary regulation of me-
chanical factors to avoid con-
flict in the air waves. Any
law or rule debating program
content violates the Constitu-
tion.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1956-12-21
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Next: A Visit by Marshal Tito?

the visit of a parsonage who
has never shown even by a
gesture that he is grateful for
the timely and liberal support
this country gave him when
his liquidation by the Kremlin
looked like a sure thing.
1t is expected that the ques-
tion will be asked again after
Congress reconvenes: "Why is
the executive branch so eager
to court a dictator like Tito
when it does not extend the
same courtesies to others, such
as Generalissimo Franco of
Spain or President Chang
Kai-shek of the Chinese Ma
tionalists?"
For some time there have
been discreet questions asked
of the State Department as to
why neither of these two heads
of state have been invited to
Washington.
The men who suggest these
invitations to the Chief Execu-
tive have contended that it
would flout public opinion in
this country to ask Franco
the former friend of Hitler
and Mussolini"---to come to
the United States. Yet Franco
and his government have never
been guilty of any hostile act
against this country. Quite
the contrary. We eagerly ac-
cepted naval and air bases in
Spain but we never dared ask
Tito for such facilities.
When Chang was suggested
recently by members of Con-
gress to be a guest Of the Ma
ton, these advisers said that
although the President of
China has been on our side for
more than 20 years he is a
highly controversial figure"
He could not be our guest
without seriously impairing
the administrations long
range plans for lasting peace.
they said. Not only would the
Soviet bloc be further antag-
onized, it was asserted, but
even close friends like the
British, who have recognized
the Peiping regime, would look
askance at such a gesture.
Evening star., 1956-12-21
Statute, Challenged by Broodcosters,
Called Threat to Freedom of Press

Congress has not yet at
tempted to tell the newspapers
they must give equal space" to
political candidates or parties,
but there are lots of persons
in America who doubtless would
favor the passage of such a
law, little realizing that it
would be a fragrant violation
Of the Constitution. The amaz-
ing thing is that the country
has not reacted in protest
against the manner in which
the editors of television and
broadcasting programs have
been ordered from time to time
by the Government in Wash
ington to allocate program
space-all on the basis that
the Government has derived
such a right because it issues
the licenses.
When licensing of radio sta
tions was first begun, Congress
inserted in the law a clause
that made public interest. con-
venience and necessity" the
standard for the granting of
licenses. But this was construed
in 1888 by Chief Justice
Hughes, in an opinion of the
Supreme Court, to relate solely
to mechanical considerations.
He said: This criterion is not
to be interpreted as setting up
a standard SO indefinite as to
confer an unlimited power"
In 1943. however, in a 5-to-3
decision written by Justice
Frankfurter. the Supreme
Court took the position that
Congress had complete power
to regulate every phase of the
industry. This unfortunate de-
ciSlon negateS the Bill of Rights
insofar as radio and television
are concerned.
There has been, of course,
always a rightful need to
prevent conflicts in wave
lengths and to allocate facili-
ties so there will be efficient
service in specific areas. But
Evening star., 1956-12-21
1857 Deficit
Drop
Ry the Associated Presa

Because of substantially higher
tax collections, the Government S
deficit after the first five months
lof fiscal 1857 was running
81, ,699, 100000 less than a year
ago.
The Treasury's monthly A.
Inancial statement showed yes
Iterday that revenues totaled
$22, ,658, 900, 900 from the start Of
the year, July /, to November 80.
This was $2,337, 100000 more
than in the same five months of
fiscal 1856.
Expenditures, at $2S, 1888, ,0OO,- :
900. also were running higher
but the difference was smaller
only 5000 million.
Thus, the new figures indi-
Gated that the Treasury is in
considerably better position than
"a year ago to end the fiscal year
next June 80 with a balanced
budget.
Last year the Government
ended up in the black for the
first time in five years-with q
81 .625.553.4 .403.69 surplus.
The official forecast for the
current year is for a $700 million
surplus.
The statement showed military
Ioutlays to be averaging about
500 million a month higher
than a year ago. however, the
costs were rising in almost all
Government agencies except the
Agriculture Department.
Agriculture's outlays for the
five months were $4,000, 200, 900,
inr eA6R r,1i1lioV holnu, a Uaor ara
Evening star., 1956-12-21
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

American Indians want to head Ike's inaugural parade
They hear from Joe Mccarthy that the Great White Father
knows how to scalp without raising his hatchet
Democrats their 1857 problem is to persuade the little
fellow that he's better of with hem-than in higher tax
bracket with the Republicans.
Rule Of thumb Christmas cards oblong and triangular
sent by women less obese than angular.
Ike and Indias Nehru issue communique their talks
Substance: Nice talk. Bum world.
Vice President Nixon inpecs the Hungarian
man. They've been known to read fellow out the Republican
Party for venturng beyond the three-mile limit.
Saddes stories Of 1856: 1.-The fall Of the egghead
2The death rattle of the American nickel 3-The of
15-cent butter to 60 with 10-cent bag Of popcorn
Democrats approach Christmas holiday spirit. 1t
looks like good ahead for them They'll have all the fun
Of Washington-and Of the responsibility
Evening star., 1956-12-21

Few people realize that, al
Tough the Constitution
plainly says that Congress
shall make no law abridging
the freedom of the press, there
is a statute on the books which
dictates to the editors Of tele-
vision and radio programs that
they must provide facilities for
certain persons to make
speeches under certain condi-
tionS.
The National Association Of
Radio and Television Broad
casters has just asked Con-
gress to repeal this law. which
requires radio and television
stations to grant equal time"
to political candidates. 1t is
surprising that the radio COM
panies have operated so long
under this statute without
challenging its constitution
ality.
For the danger in that law
has been pointed out again
and again. In fact, this writer
as far back as 1884, when the
present law was passed, noted
that the way had been opened
for Government control of
newspapers and periodicals.
too, through the precedent
then established. For the the
ory back of the law is that,
whenever the Government
grants a license, it has the
right to specify how the Ii
cense shall be operated and to
impose other conditions.
If such a line of reasoning
were correct. then the Govern
ment could order newspapers
and magazines to give equal
space" to political candidates
and parties on the ground that
the second-class mail privi-
leges which such publications
enjoy are also a form of liz
cense and that. before privi-
leges are granted, certain con-
ditions and terms may be i'm
posed.
Evening star., 1956-12-21
9 With Cerebral PuIsy
Join Girl Scout Troop

Nine young cerebral palsy VIC
tins Joined Girl Scouts Troop
No. "A during its Christmas
party yesterday.
The troop, composed of 20
cerebral palsy victims, celebrated
its party at the home Of its
leader, Mrs. David Stone, 3027
Foxhall road NV.
Initiated were Kathleen Amos,
Betty Clark. Shirley Clofild,
Laura Bicken. Linda Sellers. Jo-
Marie Wakefield and Joan
Weaver. Two Brownies, Norma
Snellings and Doan Wisner, re-
ceived their Girl Scouts pin.
Evening star., 1956-12-21
100 u. S. Defense Bases
Will Test Freedom Kits

The Pentagon is sending 100
information kits" to Army,
Navy. Air Force, Marine Corps
and Coast Guard commands in
an effort to make them aware
of what American freedom is and
enable them to explain it
throughout the world.
The kits contain films and
pamphlets. They are described
as intended to help the mem
bers of the armed forces gain a
broader understanding of our
American way of life, of our
American traditions and how
freedom is challenged today by
communism.
The kits are a part Of the
program mapped by John C.
Broger. $11, ,760-a-year deputy
director of the Defense Depart
ment's Office of Armed Forces
Information and Education. Be-
fore taking that post, Mr.. BrogerI
was a morale consultant toI
Admiral Arthur w. Radford,
chairman of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff.
To be Shown to Base Officers
officers and non-commissioned
officers at the 100 bases to which
the kits will be dispatched will be
required to sit through the 3l2-
hour program.
Mr.. Broger said the dispatch
of the 100 packets is a trial
run" in battle for liberty" pro-
gram that may later be extended
to every soldier. sailor. marine
and airman.
A Defense Department spokes-
man said later distribution will
depend ION the responses we
get from the trial rum"
The kits, which cost total Of
$4,000 include seven 15-minute
films on these subjects: The chal-
lenge Of communism, civics, social
order. education. religion, eco
nomic order and law and order.
Cartoons accompany written
matter. The films and accom-
panying pamphlets emphasize
that voting, recreation, education.
religion and economic opport-
Evening star., 1956-12-21
CurdinuI on YuIe Tour

MCGUIRE AIR FORCE BASE,
N. j.. Dec. 81 (R.-Francis Car
dinal Spellman of New York left
yesterday for a Christmas visit
to American servicemen in New
foundland. Greenland. Iceland
and Labrador. He departed
aboard a regular C-11S transport
flight as one of So passengers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-26
Wood Use Estimated

PHILADELPHIA.-It has been
estimated that the average
American knows and often uses
from $4,000 to $4,000 words.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-26
Naval Officer Fined
SIPS After Melee
In 'Necktie Tavern

ANNAPOLIS, June 26 OPT
cost a naval officer $l25 yester-
day for having come to the res
cue of an Air Force major in a
tavern melee on Armed Forces
Day.
And civilian who leaped into
the unified services front against
police was fined SIS.
Magistrate Paul Pitcher leavied
the fines in Mountain Road Po-
lice Court.
He let Mai. William Mannix
|of Glen Burnie of with a $25
suspended fine for disorderly
conduct in refusing to obey po-
lice and leave the tavern. His
party was accused of defying
Ia rule that requires men to wear
Ia tie and coat while dancing.
Navy 1t. Linwood Leftwich Of
Woodley Hills, Alexandria, Va,
who rushed to the rescue and
grabbed q policeman by the shirt,
was fined $50 for assault, SIS
for diSorderly conduct and was
ordered to pay the tavern owner
$50 for wrecked furnishings.
And civilian Merlin Matthews,
"a. of Garden City, Mich, got
a SIS fine for taking a poke at
Patrolman Andrew Brady.