davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28
Uprising Spreads

On Thursday, despite all the best
efforts of the Macy regime, the up
rising was spreading. not subsid-
ing. Other major Hungarian
cities, some of them near Soviet
garrisonS. were in revolt. PEGS.
Szolnok.. Gyoer, Szeged and Deb
recer, all populous cities. saw spon-
taneouS demonstrations, several Of
which were promptly put down by
Russian guns.
With communications to the
Hungarian capital completely dis
rupted, Western diplomats and
news agencies were forced to con-
tent themselves with secondhand
reports filtered through Vienna and
Belgrade. The State Department
in Washington was unable to get
through to the legation in Buda-
pest by any channels But Thurs
day. Associated Press resident COR
respondent Endre Marion. not long
ago released from a Communist
prison where. he had been flung
by the Rakosi government as an
American spy. was able to file a
sketchy dispatch to New York.
Mr.. Martens story was starkly
tragic. In the hours Immediately
after noon. he recounted some
1000 Hungarians, armed only with
flags and shouting this is a peace
full demonstration" passed the
United States Legation on their
way to Parliament Square. AS
they went, they cried why don't
you help us?"
Then, converging on the square.
they we're met by two heavy Soviet
tanks and an armored car. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28
Government Shokeup

In the early hours OF Wednes-
day, Hungary's Communist rulers
replaced Premier Hegedus with
Imre Macy. Stalinists on the Polit-
buro were ousted. to be replaced by
Communists once jailed or disgraced
as TitoiStS. Stalinist Emo Zero, first
secretary of the Communist Party,
retained his post, however. But the
government shakeup was too late.
Beginning with pleas for peace and
tranquility Wednesday morning,
the new leaders that night were
turning to threats.
A sign of the extent of the up
rising and the near-panic of the
Hungarian Communist leaders was
the official request for Soviet troops
to quell the rebellion. Late Wednes-
day. Red Army tanks. machine guns
and infantry moved into Budapest
streets and repeatedly into provin-
cial cities ana towns where the de-
flance was spreading. Direct COM
munications between the Hungar-
AoAA CoRlJdl dllQ JIlC ICSL Vi LIE
world were cut. Only Radio Buda-
pest remained to supply the outside
world with some inkling of what
was going on in the bullet-spattered
capital. The official announce
ments underlined the seriousness
of Developments: THE party and
the government are in command of
the situation but this does not
mean that the demonstrations have
stopped" said the radio Wednesday
night in an appeal for an end to
this hopeless struggle"
Premier Macy issued plea after
plea for restoration of order, prom
islng broad characterization i'm
proved living standards, and ma
tionalist" road to socialism. He
pledged amnesty to all demonstra-
tors who surrendered by 2 pm.
Late in the afternoon the sur
render deadline was moved up to
pm. Then it was advanced to the
next day. And the next day, all
reference to headlines was omitted
as the regime continued its appeals
for an end to the uprising. Prom
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28

Polish action survive and fail to
quell the Hungarians. their grip on
all of the satellites may be weak
ened II not destroyed. The role
of Moscow in the international
Communist movement could be
undermined, the world balance Of
power would shift against the Soviet
Union. and the peoples OF the So
Wet Union would exert pressure
upon their own government for the
privileges others have obtained.
On the other hand Russia's
forceful intervention only under
lines the real character Of the So
Wet empire and of the Communist
movement, adds TO the confusion
now weakening their support every
where, and destroys the coexistence
thesis.
II may be that the Russians have
delayed too long in seeking TO re-
store the lid in Eastern Europe and
that the situation is now out OF
control II that is so. only the
use OF Soviet force can restore the
situation as II previously existed.
Threot 10 Khrushchev
There is a possibility-perhaps
a likelihood-that the recent de-
velopments will bring about
change in the top hierarchy Of the
Soviet Union itself. The satellite
uproar may be the deciding factor
in the struggle Of opposed ideolo-
gies inside the Kremlin's collective
leadership. bringing the victory Of
the Molotov -Kagsnovich power
bloc over that represented by
Khrushchev and Mikoyan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28
THE NATIONAL SCENE
New Problem
For Stevenson

The world was closing in last
week around Adlai Stevenson and
his campaign to break Dwight
Eisenhower's lease on 1900 Penn
sylvania avenue. Mr.. Eisenhower,
all along . favorite to win. seemed
to be getting help from the nation
alist-minded Communists Of Poland.
q growing army of rebels in Hun
gary and Soviet Premier Nikolai
Bulganin.
The withdrawal of Polish Com
munists from around the skirts of
Mother Russia and the uprisings in
Hungary seemed to many to presage
fulhllment Of the 1852 Eisenhower
pledge Of freedom for enslaved ma
tons. And Mr.. Bulganin, in an
extraordinary letter to the Presi-
dent, bestowed what may be the
kiss Of death on Mr.. Stevenson's
controversial proposal for hating
tests Of superbombs.
All in all, the Stevenson cam
paign seemed to be losing much of
its earlier drive as it entered its
last full week. His aides and other
party officials were reported to be
increasingly pessimistic over his
chances--which looked so good a
few weeks ago that many Republic
cans were biting their nails. The
more realistic Democrats now were
counting the rays of hope on the
fingers of one hand. The brightest
Of these seemed to be the party's
grass-roots organization. strong,
more neatly constructed, more eff
fectively disciplined than that of
the Republicans. With luck. party
chiefs thought 1t might bring vic
tory in some Of the big toss-up
States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28

most sober and responsible scientific
judgment-does not imperil the
health of humanity"
But the candidates still were far
apart, even on just what the H
bomb issue is. For instance. in
discussing the ban and detection,
Mr.. Stevenson has said-though
not as clearly as he might have
that he was referring to the Large
size nuclear weapons-what we
usually call the H-bombs.' The
Democratic candidate also has
stated that it was not the present
rate" of testing that concerned
him, but the probability Of an ac-
CELEBRATED rate after other nations
not now in the superbomb field be-
gin testing large bombs.
To make matters more confusing,
both candidates have sober and
responsible scientific judgment" on
their sides.
In addition to Chairman Lewis
L. Strauss of the Atomic Energy
Commission, who is not a scientist,
those supporting the President in
clude, most notably, DR.. Arthur H.
Compton, one of the worlds fore
most atomic physicists. Also OPP
posing any end to the bomb tests
are numerous Acc physicists,
science professors and DR.. Shields
Warren, a leading radiologiSt.
Scientists supporting Mr.. Steven
sons position include Dr. Ralph
Lapp also leading atomic scien-
fist, 1875 Acc scientists at Argonne
and Brookhaven national labora-
tories, 10 natural scientists at the
University of Rochester, and the
RadiationS Hazards Committee of
the Federation of American Scien-
fists.
Mr.. Stevenson may get some addi-
tional last minute support. On Mo-
vember 2. four days before the cleo
ton. United Nations committee
studying the effects of nuclear bomb
explosions will make its report.
1t is likely that it will regard the
hazards of radioactive fallout with
more alarm than similar reports by
American scientists. whose evalu-
atoms of the problem have been
much less pessimistic than have
those of scientists in other nations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28

Formal petitions and. later. peace
full street demonstrations called for
liberalization" Of the regime, pun
ishment of the ousted Stalinist
party chief Matyas Rakosi, and the
naming of the once-purged Imre
Macy as Premier in place of Andrus
Hegedus. StaliniSt caretaker Pre-
mier who replaced Rakosi.
But the demonstrations, at first
disciplined and orderly, suddenly
took fire. Factual reports from
Budapest have been unavailable on
most details. but rumors persisted
that the crowds famed into anger
when Hungarian security police
shot down two officers of the Hun
garian army. Whatever the spark,
day-long demonstrations Tuesday
burst forth with explosive fury that
evening when police fired on a
group of demonstrators in front of
the building of Radio Budapest.
The red, white and green national
flag of Hungary appeared all over
the city as if by magic. often with
Jagged holes in the center where
the red f1ve-pointed star Of COM
munism had been ripped out. The
huge illuminated red star on the
Parliament buildings was BACKED
out, and cheering bands of stu
dents began laboring to topple the
immense statue of Joseph Stain
in Budapest square. (They failed,
but succeeded next day with the
help of an acetylene torch)
The uprising seemed to gather
momentum without direction and
without visible organization. Office
workers. factory hands. housewives
and students and a liberal Sprin-
king of uniformed Hungarian SOL
diers Joined the street crowds
shouting slogans and later bearing
placards and banners demanding
Away with Stalinism"; "Independ-
ehce and freedom" and, significant
ly, "Hurrah for the Poles"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28
BACKGROUND For UpHEAyA
History and Tradition Pay Off in Poland and Hungary

1t also brought the expansion Of the
middle classes. dissatisfied with ma
terial conditions. restrictions, and
the arrogance of their Russian col
leagues and rulers.
West Helped Set Stage
The upheavsl also reflects West
ern policy and Soviet reaction to
that policy. The containment pro-
gram has blocked Communist adj
vance in Western Europe, and
Western European economic and
political recovery under the shield
OF NATO has led the Soviet leaders
to review their policies and to adopt
new fields and new techniques.
Western successes and the sur
viVal Of Tito as an effective. inde-
pendent national Communist led
the Soviet leaders to admit Stains
errors. to recognize that there are
various roads to socialism" and
to establish relations with the
Yugoslav Communist Party on a
basis OF equality. The revolutionary
turnabout and Khrushchev's ex-
traordinary attack on Stain opened
the door wide to the thaw in East
ern Europe and its explosive after
math.
Even when one has analysed the
forces behind the Soviet new course,
1t Is still difiicult to understand
why the Soviet leaders took the
gamble Of relaxing their control
over Eastern Europe and even for
a time encouraged the satellite
leaders to solve their own problems
in their own ways. II is even more
difhcult to comprehend why they
allowed the Polish press 70 protest
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28

holders Party under house arrest
since the Red coup Of 1913. was
5 named Minister of State Affairs in
the Macy cabinet. Bella Kovacs.
once head of the Stockholders and
a Red prison veteran, was named
Minister of Agriculture.
The reVamped Communist gov
eminent began implementing its
many promises. In the govern
mental shakeup early Wednesday,
the Stalinist Emo Zero had been
retained as First Secretary of the
Hungarian United Working Peoples
(Communist) Party.
But Thursday morning, with the
rebellion spreading and all govern
ment pleas for it's cessation I'M
needed. the Communists met again.
This time they ousted Mr.. Zero.
replacing him with Janos Kadar,
fresh from three years in Rakosi's
jails for the crime of national COM
munism."
Events. however, appeared to have
far outdistanced the strategies Of
Hungary's Communist bosses. The
rebellion had more and more the
characteristics of an anti-Commu-
mist rising, not to be placated by
concession to nationalism within
the bounds Of strictly Hungarian
search for the socialist mellenium.
The Kremlin. beyond approving
the request Of Premier Macy for
Soviet armed support in suppress
ing the Hungarian rebellion, has
been strangely quiet since the
whine Of bullets and the thud Of
mortar shells replaced the stolid
stodgy calm Of Hungary's ancient
capital.
But it took no strained specula-
ton on the part OF Western OBJ
servers to guess that the lamps
were burning late around the coun-
Continued on Page A-32
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28

world events had occurred. What
ever course Russia decides to follow
in coping with events in her satel-
lites, it is obvious that the Kremlin's
easy and effective domination of
Eastern Europe is a thing OF the
past. Despite the death being meted
out to the Hungarian rebels, there
already were hints of trouble in
other satellites where anti Russian
feelings were whetted by Russia's
apparent uncertainty over what to
do next.
Here is what occurred numbers
keyed to map:
In Budapest, peaceful demon
IL STATIONS of students and work.
ers asking characterization of the
regime suddenly exploded into VOL
ence, the disorders quickly reaching
the dimensions of full-scale
revolution.
= In southern and western Hun
IL gary, Hungarian army garri-
sons joined the insurgents and
Soviet tanks moved down demon
strators.
Z At Warsaw the Gomulka
OS regime, born of defiance to
MoScow's rule. fired recalcitrant
StalinistS from key posts, pledged
to seek an accord with the Roman
Catholic Church. promised the early
withdrawal of Soviet troops, and
charted a broad liberalization policy.
4 Belgrade, capital of Marshal
f. Tito's successful independent
Communist nation, declared the
Hungarian revolt was the result of
Red failure to recognize the needs
of the masses.
In the northern Hungarian
OS city of Gyoer, the rebellion
appeared to have established a
temporary provisional government.
The Soviet army was reported about
to storm the city.
4 Communist Czechoslovakia de-
VI Scribed the uprising in Hun
gary as Revolutionary"
and warned Czechs against SYM
pathy with dirty hands" Army
and police were alerted.
= Red East Germany paraded its
- security forces as student and
factory meetings voiced demands
for the ousting of Party Boss Walter
Ulbricht. tough old Stalinist.
This woodworking chain of
events was set off by Poland's bold
decision of a week ago to embark
on a course of nationalistic COM
munism, friendly to but independ-
ent of Russia. That successful move,
astonishing in itself, was soon
eclipsed by the uprising in Hungary
which quickly swept beyond the
limited detectives of the Poles and
became a revolution against not
only Russia but communism itself.
AS of late yesterday, the Hun
garian revolt was flaming from
border to border, with the rebels
in control of vast areas. major
cities, radio stations and high
ways. A general strike, apparently
without direction. paralyzed trans
port and communications. There
were reports of major defections
in both the Hungarian and Soviet
armies. to the rebel forces.
Late yesterday the United States,
Britain and France brought the
Hungarian revolt to the attention
Of the Security Council of the
United Nations.
A special courier asked an urgent
meeting of the council to consider
probable charges that Russia was
violating the U. N. Charter and the
U. N. Declaration of the Rights of
Man in her military intervention in
both Hungary and Poland. Spain
had already lodged a protest to
the U. N. on the Soviet action.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28
The BuIgonin Incident

Much Of Mr.. Bulganin's letter to
the President read like Stevenson
campaign speech The Soviet
Premier allied himself with Mr..
Stevenson's proposal to initiate a
prohibition against the testing of
the so-called hydrogen bomb with
these words:
Would not the best guarantee oeoinst
the violation Of such on agreement be
the mere foct thot secret testing Of
nueIeor weapons is impossible and thot
consequently o government undertaking
the solemn obligation to stop mokins
tests could not violate it without exposing
itself to the entire world os the vioIotor
Of en- International osreement?"
Mr.. Eisenhower replied with an
angry letter that could have been
composed by Harry Truman. The
President had number of objec-
tionS to Mr. Bulganin's epistle, but
the FIRST and foremost one was:
!. the sending Of your note in the
midst Of o national election eompoieR Of
which you take cosnizones, expressing
your support Of 'eertoin prominent public
figures in the United Stotes constitutes
an interference by foreign nation in
our internal otfoirs Of kind which, if
INDUCED Ii BY an Ambassador. would
Isod to his being declared persone non
sroto in eceordonee with long established
custom"
Mr.. Stevenson soon tried to shed
the burden Of Mr.. Bulganin's in
dorsernent. On Monday he said he
too resented the Russians inter-
ference in the United States cleo
tions. He added somewhat plain
lively that it was Mr.. Eisenhower
who was Mr.. Bulganin's favorite in
this campaign. the Premier having
expressed his preference some time
ago. Mr.. Stevenson also said he
thought the Bulganin note had
been dismissed without sober con-
sideration."
But the Stevenson rejoinder
could not erase the fact that Mr..
Bulganin seemed to see eye-to-eye
with the Democratic candidate. Re-
publican campaigners, moreover,
we're not letting the voter forget
this happy circumstance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28

Red tanks were crowded with young
Hungarians, who appeared to be
on the friendliest of terms With
the Russian troops.il The Russians
were smiling. All appeared to oe
calm until. without warning or APP
parent cause, Soviet tank began
firing wildly. Il
There were widely divergent re-
ports of casualties. Mr.. Marion
himself saw only a few bodies,
but other witnesses reported hun-
dreds after the encounter. Three
Belgian diplomats. who reached the
Austrian frontier Friday morning,
reported hundreds of dead and
dying in the streets of Budapest.
They estimated the total dead as
several thousand"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28


so openly against conditions in Po-
land and why they allowed the
political situation TO deteriorate so
that only very heavy pressure or
the use Of force will allow them TO
reassert their authority.
Some Soviet leaders apparently
believed that 1t was vital TO have
Tito return TO the fold and that the
gamble Of confessing and relaxing
was not great Others may have
been impressed with the difficulties
of maintaining the tight Stalinist
controls over populations ever more
dissatisfied, at a time when Soviet
ambitions in other areas made re-
Taxation an important political
gampit.
In any case, the Russians have
discovered that relaxing controls
is the most difficult move a, dicta-
torial government can undertake.
II alarms the old guard, who see 1t
as a betrayal Of the revolution. 1t
upsets the bureaucrats. accustomed
to order and regularity; and II
excites those IN the middle and on
the bottom. disconnected and eager
to exploit an opportunity 10 better
their economic and political condi-
ton,
Time for ReoppFoisoI
The Russians now face q period
Of resppraisal. II they let the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28
Quiet Beginning

The Hungarian rising began
quietly enough with peaceful de-
mands Of student and intellectual
groups for a characterization of
the Communist regime. The pop
ular pressure appeared to be of the
same nature as that taking place
recently in almost all the satellites.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28

iSes piled on promises as Mr.. Macy
and his aides strove diligently to
head off the snowballing challenge
to Communist rule.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28
REVIEW OF THE WEEK
The Shredded Curtain

The Iron Curtain of Red satellites carefully hung by
Russia along her western border in chared reds this week
end after an historic uprising by forces of nationasm and
freedom in two key natonS-Poand and Hungary
The flames of revolt against Soviet communisms harsh
grip were still raging in Hungary the week ended but there
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-28

Robert :. Byrnes is professor of history OF
indiana University in Bloomington, post
he recently accepted after serving two
years os director Of the Mid.Europeon
Studies Center in New York City.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-05
PRoPosALS-lcont.l

COW OF DIST. OF COLI DEPT
SEALED PROPOSALS will be recd
in RIM 404, 400 Pa Ave. NV,
Wash l., d. C., until " P NJ. EDIT
July 10, 1886, and then publicly
opened and read for CONSTRUCT :
ING GRAVEL@S URFACE ON VARI-
Gus ROADWAYS ust Fall Con-
tracr, consist. of approx 10000
tons OF bank gravel, furnished, de-
livered to any point within the Dis
trlct OF olumbia and placed as
specified. Proposal FORMS and
Specns. obtainable from Superv
Contr & Bond Section, Procure
ment ONCE, D. {. RIM 406. 499
Pa Ave NV. tTel MA $4,000,
Ext "31Sl jy9,3,5,67.9
GOVT, OF DIST. OF COL. DEPT.
OF BLDGS. AND GRNDS June rs
1886. SEALED PROPOSALS will
be reed in RIM 404, 400 Pa. ave
\ W. Wash |, D, c.. until PM
ID July 10. 1856. and then
publicly opened and read for CON
STR. OF A STORAGE BLDG AT
THE CALVIN COOLIDGE HIGH
SHERIDAN SITS NV. WASHING
TON D c. Proposal forms plans
anol specns obtainable from Superv
and Bond Section, Procurement
once. D c, RIM 406. 4ag Pa
ave NV. tTel Ma S-600u. Ext.
-fsSl teoS,o9 30 iy235
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-05
JAMES NJ. PARSONS. u, ATTORNEY.

STATES DISTRICT COURT
for the District OF Columbia Hold
ing Probate Court No Sg.31n.
Administration This Is TO Give
Notice That the. subscribers, Of
the District OF Columbia have OBJ
tanned from the Probate Court Of
the District Of Columbia. Letters
Of Administration. c I A on the
estate Of Jonathan II Brown late
OF the District OF Columbia de-
ceased All persons having claims
against the deceased are hereby
warned 10 exhibit the same. with
the vouchers thereof legally au-
thentiCated. TO the subscribers on
or before the 5th DAY Of October
A y 1856. otherwise they NAV bv
law be excluded from all benefit Of
said estate Given under our
hands this 10th day Of June. 1886
Mary Royal Brown, $500 Reno
Rd N W. Albert w Brown. "";3,
iuth Pr NV Seal Attest
ARTHUR P SMITH Deputy Regis
tec Of Wills for the District OF Co
lumbis Clerk Of the Probate Cour,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-05
FRANCIS ?. NOONAN, ATTORNEY,
no G 81" NV,


UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
for the District OF Columbia Hold :
Ing Probate Court No g0.ni2.
Administration This Is TO Give
Notice That the subscriber. Of the
State OF Ohio has obtained from
the Probate Court Of the District
OF Columbia. Letters Documentary
on the estate o. GPnevieve KAYE
also known as Wilhelmina Elizabeth
Krichbaum, late Of the District of
Columbia deceased. All persons
havlns claims against the deceased
are hereby warned 10 exhibit the
same with the vouchers thereof
LEGALLY authenticated, to the sub
scriber on or before the nth day
Of November AID 1880 otherwise
they may by Law he excluded from
all beueht Of SAID estate Gitn
under mv hand this 18Th day Of
Jun 1850 BERNARD n KRiCH
BAUM floG GLADE Avenue GIN
cinnau 90 Ohio sea Attest
JOHN W FOtLtN Dcnutv RestVcr
~ WIFE for the District q Column
bia CLERK Of the Probate Court.
je2l,2s-jyb
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-05
PROPOSALS

Cow or DIST. OF COL, DIR
81 DIGS AND GROUNDS. July ).
1850 SEALED PROPOSALS viii be
reed ~ RIM ini tug Pa Ave
n w Wash ! ID { until . PM.
EDT JULY -, 1895 and Then
nnbllclN opened and read for RI
y c. GENERAL HOSPITAL iath
and n Streets, SF ptoposa
forms and tpetnS obtainable from
Supervisof Cnnfr ana Bond Sec
Procure meht Once D e RIM iOe
4pi Pa Az NV fref MA a..
5000, Ext 1879 jyb.6.1,g.l0,1l