davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06
Should Recipients Have More So
In Our Foreign Aid Programs?

Orient that there Is throughout
the Asian peoples desire for West
ern recognition Of their dignity"
Others have mentioned the need
for recognizing the Aslan's dignity,
but too few have stopped to think
what this really means.
Another point which our foreign
aid administrators often miss: Asia
is sick and tired of soldiers, diplo-
mats and merchants who, in spite
Of their good intentions. approach
the problems of the poor from a
special point Of view. Asians re-
spond, however. to the profess
sional like President Ramon Mag
saysay Of the Philippines, an anna
teur (guerrilla) soldier, an amateur
diplomat and an amateur politician
fresh from the Filipino villages.
American Umbrella?
Secretary Dulles reported, on his
return from the Far East recently,
that "the clearest single impression
I received" was that uniformly
-. the Asian leaders :. desire the
United States to be strong and that
that strength should continue to
be a sort of protective umbrella
over other free nations"
I venture to suggest, however,
that many have misjudged the
Asians' desires. What they were
probably saying was that they
wanted the United States to be
strong militarily, but not they
themselves.
Asians, in other words, think the
United States should be willing to
play big brother. respecting a very
delicate set of international Marquis
Of Queensberry rules. This Asian
attitude is admittedly selfish. But
We ought to be clear that this is
their attitude, and that they are
not ashamed to ask us to protect
them. no questions asked.
The importance of paying at
tention to the attitudes of the
people of Asia cannot be overem-
phasized. To ignore their attitudes,
to interpret them only by Western
standards, to base policies and pro-
grams on one-way precepts-this is
just about the fastest and surest
way to bankrupt American policy
in Asia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06
NATIONAL REVIEW

was Vice OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
ing President Humans 1949-53
terms. His contemporaries will re-
member him for his quick. folksy
wit that cheered but did not wound.
History will remember him as one
Of the architects OF the New Deal.
He was one of the leaders in estab-
fishing the Rural Identification
Administration, the Agricultural
Adjustment Administration. the
National Recovery Administrator
and the Farm Security Administra-
ton He also used his eloquence to
support social security and labor
laws and. as majority leader, he
nursed through the Senate the
Lend-Lease Act and the Selective
Service Act of 1910.
Senator Barley was one Of the
few men still In public life born in
a log cabin. He first attended col
lege at Marvin College. Clinton,
KY, where he paid his tuition by
working as tanitor. The building
that housed Marvin College. long
defunct, is now hotel which bears
a sign reading: Barley Swept
Here"
The Senator died near the end of
a speech at a mock Democratic
convention being held at Washing
ton and Lee University in Lexing-
ton, Va, Representative Burr Har-
rison, Democrat Of Virginia who
was present. said: He fell to the
floor. He suffered no pain. He
gasped few times and he was
gone"
The audience was stunned. A
movie cameraman hurriedly began
reloading his empty camera. Then
still photographers rushed forward.
but students formed a chain
around the spot where Senator
Barley lay and threatened to use
force to prevent any picture taking.
The next day the body Of the
man who had once described q
bureaucrat as "a Democrat who
holds some ONCE a Republican
wants" was carried back to Wash
ington for the funeral. He was
buried Friday In Paducah. KY. his
homo town.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06

Negroes now hold the balance of
power in enough congressional dis
tricts to assure the success of Re-
publican efforts to capture control
of the House of Representatives in
November, should they vote Re-
publican.
AS yet. no one is predicting a
wholesale swing by Negro voters
from the Democratic to the Re-
publican column. But that's the
goal of an all-out G. P. o. campaign,
and already Democrats acknowledge
that some" shift appears inevita-
BILE.
Whether or not this switch as
sumes tidal proportions could be
determined by the outcome of con-
gressional action on civil rights
legislation. A Senate filibuster by
Southern Democrats could be the
signal for a stampede by Negroes
to the G. p o. banner.
These are the highlights Of a
special study by Congressional
Quarterly. Basis for the study was q
tabulation of the proportions Of the
Negro population In each of the
Nations 435 congressional districts.
according to latest complete census
figures.
This part of the study showed
that Negroes numbered 10 per cent
or more of the total population in
86 of 100 districts in the South. but
in only IS Of 315 districts outside
the South. And of these 35. 20
elected Democrats to the House in
1854.
Already some Of these Democrats
are in trouble in their own baili-
wicks. In Detroit's LIST district,
where Negroes numbered 37.5 per
cent OF the 1850 population, POLISH
born Representative Thaddeus. M.
Machrowicz will be opposed in the
August 7 primary by Mrs. Cora M.
Brown. Michigans first Negro wom-
eli state Senator. Last week, Negro
delegates walked out Of the Demo-
cratic convention In the LIST be-
cause Negroes had been pushed
around long enough"
Representative Earl Chudoff also
Is in trouble in Philadelphia's
4th district-448 per cent Ne
gro in 1850. Although he won re-
nomination easily with 1910 votes
In last weeks primary. one OF his
two pponents-Earl F.. Dales.
Negro-got 5072 votes. while the
nnopposed Republican candidate
Horace Scott. also a Negro--sot
s.255 votes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06

be chaos. Nobody argues about
that. But the question is: How
much regulation is desirable?
Where does necessary control stop
being that and become abridg-
ment of freedom Of speech? How
much Government supervision can
be allowed without the accompany
Ing danger that broadcasting might
some day become a private weapon
Of man or group in power? A
democracy needs radio and tele-
vision that are just as free as news
papers to take dim view and give
the Government "a hours to get
out.
Historic 500
The broadcasters' troubles prob
ably started in the early autumn
of 1922. That was when, two
weeks after Radio Station WEAF
went on the air in New York, a
real estate firm paid $l00 for
l0-minute talk which sold two
apartments and became the first
sponsor.
This, though nobody may have
been aware of 1t at the time, put
radio on the path toward what its
. critics call lowest common denoni-
nator programming-the fight for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06
MARYLAND
BY GENE GOODWIN

Some OF Maryland's best-known
Democratic leaders will be putting
their political regulations on the
line in tomorrow's primary bal
loting.
Probably the one with the most
at stake is State Controller j. Mil
lard Tawes. A power on Maryland's
lower Eastern Shore and popular
man throughout the party gen.
orally, Mr. Tawes is going all out
this time for George P. Mahoney
for the senatorial nomination.
Mr.. Tawes also wants to run for
Governor in 1858. If Mr.. Mahoney
is victorious tomorrow, Mr.. Tawes
will have good chance of achiev-
ing that ambition. A Mahoney loss,
on the other hand. probably would
burst the Tawes gubernatorial
bubble.
Another Statewide leader work.
ing as hard as Mr.. Tawes. but in
the camp OF Willard E. Tydings. is
Mayor D'Alesandro of Baltimore,
who also is Democratic National
Committeeman for Maryland. The
Mayor was one Of the men re-
sponsible for getting Mr.. Tydings
to run against Mr.. Mahoney.
Mayor D'Alesandro also has his
eye on bigger things-such as Gov
ernor or Senator in l958-and his
chances will be enhanced If he can
put Mr.. Tydings across the line to-
morrow.
SO will those of DR.. H. c. Byrd.
who cleared up speculation about
why he was shaking everyone's hand
at the Tyding Sl00-a-plate dinner
Monday night by announcing later
in the week that he, too, intends
to be candidate for the guberna-
torial nomination in 1858.
Sosseer Hos Big Stoke
In nearby Prince Georges Coun-
ty. former Representative Lansdale
@. Sasscer of Upper Marlboro. lead
er of the Democratic organization
in that county. has a big stake in
the 5th district congressional race.
He has thrown the full weight of
his organization behind one of his
top lieutenants. L. Harold Sothoron,
who is challenging the renomina-
ton bid Of Representative Richard
E. Landlord.
Some say that Mr.. SasScer will be
finished as Democratic leader If
Mr.. Sothoron should fail to carry
Prince Georges tomorrow. That
won't happen. SO the question is
academic, but there is a good chance
that Mr.. Landlord can lose Prince
Georges and still win the district.
How much Mr.. Sasscer's prestige
will suffer in that event is any
body's guess.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06
BY J. A. VILLAMOR

Something has gone wrong with
our foreign aid policy. think many
. government officials would agree
with this appraisal.
But too many Of the critics tend
to blame our failures-whether they
are large or small needs yet to be
determination the recipients Of
our aid. They are inexperienced
and emotionally unstable" some
will say. land this naturally makes
them gullible for Communist APP
peals." Others will claim: They
are Just stupid. that is ALL"
The more hearted may say:
"The Communists are only taking
advantage Of Asians' childish senti-
ments, something we cannot do"
But how many will say, simply.
"it's our fault? I. for one, believe
the fault is primarily ours. Here
Is why:
A substantial portion Of American
efforts in Asia can be compared
with the efforts Of brave, noble
fellow who. with a brick in one hand
and a pistol in the other, is de-
termined to save a man who is
dying of hunger and malaria and
who lies PROSTATE in room that
is full of mosquitoes.
Wrong Tools for the Job
We are using the wrong tools
for the job at hand.
It has become almost trite to say
that the American emphasizes mill
tary aid too much. This, nonethe-
less, is the major problem.
Before we make our proposals we
neglect getting answers to these
vital questions
. Do the peoples we are trying to
help want to have such a large
military force as we think they
should have?
. To what extent must the ma
tional economics be adjusted to pay
for these military forces?
. Will these Enthusiastically the
cream Of the youth of these lands
be more valuable as soldiers or
will it be better all around for them
to be students, farmers and la
borers?
. Will these people have some
thing to fight FOR besides having
something to fight AGAINST when
the time comes?
These questions ought to be ex-
plored in great detail before aid
programs are decided upon. This
should be obvious. But it is my
experience that the answers are
usually taken for granted by Amer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06
Republicans

Representation in the State con-
vention at Roanoke is determined
in this manner:
One convention vote for each 500
popular votes or major fraction of
that number cast for President in
1852 and Governor in 1858.
AS noted above, President Essen
hover carried Virginia in 1852 and
Republican State Senator Ted Dali
ton of Radford polled As per cent
Of the total vote for Governor the
following year.
The vote each county or city cast
in these two races is added together
and divided by two to determine the
number of delegates to be sent to
Roanoke.
In the nearby 10th District, this
will give Arlington SO votes, Fairfax
20. Alexandria IL and Falls Church
2 in the State convention.
At the national conventions the
Democrats will cast 80 votes and
the Republicans 30. The apportion-
ment of votes by the two parties, as
it affects Virginia, will be discussed
in this space next Sunday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06
DISTRICT
DISTRICT
Hectic Time
IsHod byAII
InVote Tally
BY HECTOR MCLEAN

The District Building board room.
with half Its seats torn out, seemed
Tuesday night like nothing so
much as q party where the guests
Of honor had failed to arrive.
The organization and the ma
chinery to handle q flood Of vote
returns were there-but virtually
no votes.
The problem of tabulating re-
turns had been turned over, under
q cooperation agreement. to
committee of the city's newspapers,
and radio and television stations.
Pooling their resources, as they
do occasionally to cover q major
story, these normally competing
organizations supplied about two
dozen workers-including tabulating
machines and operators-to record
and total the votes.
The pool personnel. most Of them
veterans of vote counting in other
jurisdictions, set up an elaborate
system to cope with the flood Of
returns which normally starts to
flow Immediately after polls close.
The Board Of Elections itself had
arranged for IL special telephones
over which precinct reports were to
come. The press pool. operating
with the fullest cooperation of the
board and Of the Districts Admin
istrative Services ONCE, arranged
for charts and forms on which to
tabulate the precinct returns and
persuaded the two political parties
to pay for big blackboard.
Everything Ready
BY Tuesday night, with radio
equipment and special telephones
installed, everything was ready. The
first return came In a half hour
early. Then the waiting began.
The Republican votes began to
dribble in. but the Democratic tallieS
Jagged behind. Only one ballot box
had been reported by 9 pm, an
hour after the polls closed.
About l am. Wednesday, vote
counters whose paid working day
had ended at II pm. and who we're
being closed out of the public
schools by janitors whose pay
stopped at midnight, began swamp
ing the Board of Elections office
with ballot boxes.
Some were marked counted"
some "uncounted" and others par
TALLY counted"
Soon the boxes, all brought in
under police escort. were stacked
10 high and three deep.
Finally, at an emergency meeting
OF the board, it was decided that II
the press pool would move some
tabulating teams downstairs, board
officials would dig out tally sheets
from the precincts and help I'LL In
the tabulation charts.
Within three hours, by 5 am.
the tabulators had caught up with
all the tally sheets the Elections
Board officials could supply. The
only way to get more. would have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06
NEARBY VOTES

Votes of nearby Maryland and
Virginia legislators on roll calls in
Congress last week:
HOUSE
On amendment to farm bill to
earmark $50 million for reduction
Of grazing land acreage for 1868
Adopted. l99-l95. May 3.
For; Harrison. Democrat Of virsinia;
Lankiord, Democrat OF Maryland; Smith
Democrat Of Virginia
AEainst. HYDE Republican OF Maryland;
Broyhill Republican OF virginia,
On amendment to farm bill to
fix support price for upland cotton
at 81 per cent Of parity. Rejected,
l86-208, May 8.
For: Landlord, Smith
AEainst HYDE, Broyhill. Harrison.
On motion to recommit to COM
mittee with instructions to write in
advance payment provision for soil
bank Rejected. 1921, May 3.
For; Hyde, Broyhill.
AGAINST: Harrison. Landlord smith.
On farm bill approving a Sl2
billion soil bank program Passed,
3l4-7S. Mays.
Per Hyde Broyhill Harrison. Lankiord
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06
By HARRY MACARTHUR

What's good for the major broad
casting networks is not necessarily
good for the country.
The paraphrase in reverse fairly
well sums up the views of Senator
John w. Bricker of Ohio. The SEN
ator recently heaved a blockbuster
into broadcasting ranks, where shell
shock long has been an occupa-
tional hazard.
The title of the Ohio Republicans
missile was 1.-THE Network Monop-
oily" A report to the Senate Inter-
state and Foreign Commerce Com
mittee from its ranking minority
member. it charged that the Column
bia Broadcasting System and the
National Broadcasting Co. enjoy a
highly lucrative monopoly.
Senator Bricker's hostility to the
major networks could have come as
no surprise to them. Once before,
when he was chairman of this same
powerful Commerce Committee, he
declared war on the big radio-T
chains. He threatened investigation
and he introduced a bill which
would give the Federal COMMUNE
cations Commission power to regu-
late the networks.
At that time the people rose up
and put stop to the Bricker
proposals not directly. but by
installing Democratic majority
In Congress. Senator Warren G.
Magnuson became chairman of the
Commerce Committee and Senator
Bricker retired to the minority side.
He did not retire to inactivity,
however, and his views about the
networks remained unchanged. Now
broadcasting industry executives
again are scheduled for q barring of
their souls before the Senate COM
mittee-possibly in June.
They'll Fight Book
They can be depended on to offer
ample statistical refutation of Sem
ator Bricker's statistical explana.
ton of the yoke Of economic
dominance" he says they WELD.
BroadcaSters are no more eager
than any other business group for
more Government supervision.
Network officials feel, in fact,
that the FEC already has sufficient
control over them without the
power being PEELED out by regula-
tons. The control, they say, is
inherent in the fact that operating
permits Of radio and television sta
tons must be renewed periodically.
If station is not operated in the
public interest, convenience and
necessity. the commission can re-
fuse to renew its license. If five
television stations manage to avoid
fragrant damage to the rules, the
argument goes, the network owning
and operating them must be oper-
ating in the public interest. con-
venience and necessity.
Whatever comes of this latest
assault on the so-far-impregnable
networks. broadcasting is certain
to continue to be problem child.
Putting the networks under direct
FEC control would not be likely to
alter the truly unique position
broadcasting occupies In our free
economy.
1t is a private enterprise that is
a public utility without actually
being a utility. The younger set
may be appalled, at the thought,
but television ranks somewhere be-
low such utilities as transportation
and power among the public neces-
stiles. Still, by its nature, television
and all the rest of broadcasting
must be regulated firmly by the
Government.
Without regulation there would
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06

OF their jobs Thursday evening.
been to go into the stacks Of sealed
ballot boxes to search for tally
sheets, or to count and tally the
uncounted ballots.
At that point, the press pool ran
totals on their charts and all hands
departed for desperately needed
sleep about am.
Thus ended the initial round of
counting in the Districts first on
cial election since 1873.
Then the Post Mortems
The post-mortems began inn
mediately. Generally, the explana-
tons blamed the counting break
down on complexity of the ballots
and on the lack Of experienced
personnel. Both are reasonable.
The Democratic ballot. in particu-
lar, had IS names on it, and voters
who wanted to express their pref
erence for states of candidates had
to sort the chosen names out OF
alphabetical lists.
That they did so, thus indulging
in "slate voting" was clearly dem
onstrated by results.
The ballot was so complex IL
could neither be cast nor counted
quickly.
One test showed 1t would take a
minimum Of So seconds TO count a
Republican ballot, and at least one
minute and a half to count Demo-
cratic ballot. In actual practice, the
latter ballots actually took, from
three to Ave minutes to count. And.
after 1t was all over. the board of
elections figured it could hope for
nothing faster than IS Democratic
ballots an hour from any single
counting team.
Coll for Volunteers
On the morning after. the board
calculated it had 1900 man-hours
OF counting left to do, and began
hunting volunteers to work in Is
teams through is three-hour shifts.
Other explanations also we're Of
fered, but a major difference be-
tween the ordinary election and the
Districts was not mentioned Nor
mally. votes are counted - If not
swiftly-at least grimly and with
determination to see the process to
an end. The reason is that city
and State governments. whole
rosters Of jobs. hang on the out
come, and only relatively final re-
suits can ease the minds Of those
who depend on the jobs. Also. where
elections have serious meaning to
the future Of government, public
pressure for results is strenuous.
In the District. Of course, such
pressures were not factor.
Whether they ever will be Is up to
Congress.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06
AIben Barley,
Gay Statesman

Alben Barley died Monday night
with his boots on. which Is TO say
he passed away while speaking
from a political platform. His last
words we're: Il would rather be
servant in the house Of the Lord
than sit In the seat Of the mighty"
The 70 year : old Democratic
Senator from Kentucky and former
Vice President. served Al years as
q member OF Congress-,i4 in the
House and n In the Senate. He
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-06


Mr.. VilIomor h Q lieutenant colonel In the
United Stotes Air Force reserve and q
noturolixed American citizen. He fought
with the Philippine Air Corps on Butoon.
wos evocuoted TO Australia, and travelled
the long road back with Gen. DousIos
MoeArthur's headquarters stoff. Recalled
to duty during the Koreon war, he wos
assigned to the Air Force Section in
the United Stotes military odvisoy group
in Saigon in 1852. He 10 now q con-
sultont on Far Eost offoirs.
~--~----~-~~~---~-~
lean administrators. Usually 1t has
already been concluded by someone
that for their own good, they must
have an army"
Do the People Benefit?
Economic aid programs are also
charted with the wrong aims in
view. Often the Improvements we
insist on do not truly raise the
standards of living Of the people
although they may make a great
show Of industrial Improvement.
1t happens even with strictly
philanthropic programs. where the
intentions of the donors are not
open to question. There was a time
last year when CARE packages
arrived in Saigon with butter and
cheese for people who did not have
even rice-let alone bread-to eat
with such delicacies. The cheese and
the butter ended up in the black
markets.
Many times the failures of our
foreign aid have been due to our
own unrestrained, let's-go spirit:
our we-know-what's-good-f or-you-
better-than-you-do approach; our
heavy dependence on material
things to answer needs that are
often largely spiritual; and, worst of
all, perhaps. our tendency to for
get the human problems Of peo-
piles with hearts. minds and souls.
as we'll as stomachs, just like the
peoples Of the West.
In my opinion, our foreign aid
ought to be directed more to the
needs of the underdeveloped peoples
as THEY see their needs. not as WE
see them.
True. we often do know what is
best for these people more than they
know themselves. But unless they
can be convinced-and we do a very
poor job of convincing them-our
forcing on them what is good for
them achieves us less than nothing.
The Need for Dignity
Secretary Of State John Foster
Dulles found on his last trip to the