davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-15

top grades. He is then left
with three possibilities:
He may continue through
secondary school, with its
beefed up technical courses,
and be considered ready for a
factory job.
He may switch to a tech
nicum,' a narrowly specialized
trade school where he would
learn how to maintain trucks,
assemble torpedoes or some
other job.
Or he may finish secondary
school, then take two or three
years Of work at a more adj
vanced type Of technicum
where he might learn such
things as how to repair radios
or nurse the sick.
The technicum used to be an
9th to 18th year institution
In recent years it has been
switching over to a form of
junior college.
Russian teaching methods
are largely rote learning and
memory, which most American
schools discarded long ago.
American experts say this may
be satisfactory for turning out
specialists. but it does not seem
to stimulate thinking.
Mrs. Lowman tells of a Rus
sian refugee girl who enrolled
in George Washington Uni
versity here. In a literature
class the girl gave a meticu-
lousy correct recitation of q
passage from Shakespeare
Then she was asked what
she thought of the passage.
Nobody ever asked me what
l thought of Shakespeare, she
replied. "or OF anything else"
by the Associated Press
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-15
BY LEO J. MARGOLIN

SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico-By
becoming "a showcase of de-
mocracy' for nearly 5000 WISH
tors from 70 countries under
the United States Technical
Assistance Program. Puerto
Rico is helping to strengthen
the position of democracy
throughout the world.
A professor Of preventive
medicine from India. a treas
ury official from Costa RIGA,
an anthropologist from Hol-
land. a royal government ad-
minlstrator from Nepal, an
agriculturist from the Phil
ippines, a sanitary engineer
from Brazil, a housing official
from IndoneSia are examples
of those who have come here
to observe advances which they
later, in many cases. apply in
their own countries.
The result. says Gov. Luis
MunoZ Marin. has been "a
massive answer" to anti-Amer-
lean propaganda charges OF
imperialism" exploitation"
and "colonialism."
U. S. Is Too Complicated
Kumar D. Shrestha, royal
aide to the King of Nepal was
chosen by the United States
Office Of Technical Corpora
ton to study public admins
tration i'll the United States.
But he found Washington and
other American cities too big.
too complicated. and far too
advanced to provide guidance
for the tiny kingdom of Nepal.
which, in its isolation between
India and Tibet, is still living
in another century.
In Puerto Rico, Mr.. Shres-
tina found ideas he could use.
He learned about "self-help
housing" how to develop rea-
sonably efficient administra-
tors out Of unframed recruits.
how to run a country on a
small budget. how to teach
modern agriculture to back
ward peoples. He was even
impressed with how paper
clips were used in government
Offices. He took back hundreds
Of samples.
A government official from
the Philippines, studying rural
resettlem I. commented
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-15
VIRGINIA
Road Funds AIIocoted
Under Archaic Rules

that Gov. Stanley wants to
leave a legislative monument
to his administration
The fact that the VhLC .e-
port is to be made ~ the fall
OF this year indicates to many
that he plans to "all an extra
roads f session Of the Gen
There are three sources of
highway revenues-the motor
fuel tax. the largest single
source; the license and regis
tration fees. and Federal and.
The money is segregated.
There is some argument as
to whether there is an ele-
ment Of diversion in using
some of the revenue for the
State Police Department mas
much as the troopers combat
crime as well as patrol the
highways. Other agencies re-
ceivlng funds for their high
way activities are the Division
Of Motor Vehicles which reg
listers the automobiles. the
State Corporation Commits
sion, which regulates trucks
and buses; the attorney gen.
erals Office, the Division of
Buildings and Grounds and
the Department of Agriculture
and Immigration.
Where it Goes
First claim on the total
amount of funds available
each year Is for maintenance
and construction of the Sec
ondary system. At least 80 per
cent of the total, plus SIS
million from the 1916 increase
in the gasoline tax, are set
aside for the secondary system.
In recent years the commits
sion has averaged about 81
per cent for the secondary
system. The formulas for dis
tribution among the counties
are complex.
The secondary system allot-
ment includes 20 per cent OF
secondary Federal aid funds.
The Federal money is distrib-
uted on a three-factor basis:
Rural area, rural population
and secondary road mileage.
Note that vehicle miles trav-
eled-that is, traffic demand
is not a factor here The
State matches the Federal
funds 100 per cent.
The balance of the second
airy State money is distributed
on a four-factor basis-the
three listed above plus vehicle
miles Travelled.
After the secondary alloca-
tons have been made, the
amount remaining is set aside
for primary road construction
and maintenance.
Urban Federal aid is appor-
toned among the eight con-
struction districts according 10
population in cities of 5000 or
more Another So million is
distributed among the districts
on the basis of uncompleted
primary system mileage.
After ALLEGATION Of urban aid
and uncompleted primary sys-
TEN funds. the remaining pri-
mary system funds are dis
tributed among the districts on
a three-factor formula. Total
area. total population and rural
primary system mileage.
Mr.. Hirst feels that this fails
TO recognize local needs based
on actual traffic counts. Z
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-15
VIRGINIA
BY ALEX r. PRESTON

Recent ALLEGATIONS OF more
than SITS million in funds for
Virginia's primary and second
airy road systems again forces
attention on an archaic
method of distributing the
money throughout the State.
On March 30. the State
Hig way Commission an
nounced tentative ALLEGATIONS
Of $43,855,47l in construction
funds for its 8,500-mile pri-
mary system and urban ex-
tensions. The ALLEGATIONS, for
the fiscal year beginning July
i. will become final after
public hearings in Roanoke
and Richmond on May II and
10 respectively.
On April S the Commission
allocated $33.772,638 for its
40.905-mile secondary system.
Unlike many other States,
Virginia assumes the RESPONSE
bility Of maintaining all OF its
secondary roads as we'll as the
primary highways. There are
two exceptions; Arlington and
Henrico counties elected to
continue maintaining their
own secondary roads when the
changeover took effect in 1881.
The money is distributed
under a system Of complicated
formulas which, in some cases.
do not take into account the
actual needs of an area.
Changes Are Sought
This has long been a con-
tentlon Of Fairfax Delegate
Omer l.. Hirst who over the
years has sought TO correct
the situation.
At the last session OF the
General Assembly, it looks as
If Mr.. Hirst began to make
Roadway.
One OF the most significant
long range actions of the 1856
legislature was 10 pass a high
way funds study resolution. 1t
was sponsored in the House by
Mr.. Hirst and in the upper
branch by Senator Charles R.
Fenwick of Arlington.
A new study Of primary al
locations TO all Of Virginia's
SO counties shows that Fairfax
has received by far the largest
total ALLEGATIONS over the last
ten years. The total for that
County alone is $l8.227,054.
That includes the proposed
ALLEGATION of more than SCI
million for the next fiscal year.
But Mr.. HirSt contends that
IL the money were distributed
on the basis of actual need,
the County would be entitled
TO even larger amounts. II
looks like this problem has re-
ceived sympathetic nod from
Gov. Stanley.
The Governor not only got
behind the Hirst- Fenwick reso-
buttons but called for a report
by September /, 1856
This in itself is rather UNI
usual. Such studies - and this
one will be by the Virginia
Advisory Legislative Council =
usually run for nearly two
years.
Monument in Making?
But Gov. Stanley who can't
succeed himself. will be going
out Of Office as soon as the
next regular assembly session
commences. 1t has been saidI
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-15
BY FRED THEROUX

Last Wednesday the Penta-
gon knocked again on the door
of Congress to ask an increase
In military compensation.
This time it proposed a Z
point legislative program de-
signed to round out the morale
gains achieved last year in a
general pay raise plus liberal
additions to related allow
ances." The bid was supported
in a covering letter from Presi-
dent Eisenhower. who said:
I'VE cannot move too soon"
The problem. detailed by
Secretary of Defense Wilson. is
the simple but dangerous one
of enormous losses in trained
personnel, particularly in those
highly-skilled occupations so
indispensable to a modern
armed force. The overall re-
enlistment rate of 1877 per cent,
but in the most highly techni-
cal skill groups, it is much
lower Re = enlistments are
only SO per cent for electronic
technicians and 81 per cent
for communications techni-
clans, for example.
Among junior officers. the
turnover has been equally
alarming. even though the
present compensation for COM
missioned officers compares
very favorably indeed with
civilian industry standards for
the age and speciality groups
involved. Only one in four Air
Force Reserve officers who
graduate from ROTC and must
fill an obligated term of service
elects TO remain in uniform
after his term is ended. The
Navy and the Army report
similar losses. especially in the
medical, electronics and en-
cheering fields.
Assembly Line Troinine
In a chronological world,
such figures are dismaying.
They mean the enormously
expensive training program for
the filling Of essential tech
nical jobs must be repeated
over and over to fill vacancies.
This time the Pentagon is
seeking other Inducements
than another across the board
pay increase. Pointing TO the
immense rise IN fringe bene-
Mt arrangements in private
industry, Mr.. Wilson lists such
things as social security cover
aye for servicemen and de-
pendents; a system OF guaran-
teed, Government-paid medi-
cal insurance for all depend
ents of service personnel tthis
has already passed the House, !;
improved career incentives for
doctors, dentists and nurses. a
special money allowance for
personnel housed In Sub
standard" quarters. a Sizeable
Increase IN the number OF off,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-15
KremIin Sets Its Sights
On Newly Freed Sudan
BY MARGARITA DOBERT

The Soviets. pursuing their
policy of military and eco
nomic penetration of the Mid
die East and Africa, are
moving in on the Sudan, a
brand new country which
gained its independence last
January |.
AS early as last June, the
Russians sent a trade dele
cation to Khartoum, the
Sudan's capital city. The visi-
tors offered to lend technical
experts to the fledgling nation
and showed interest in a new
dam project there. In Deem
Der Russian economic mis-
sion arrived in Khartoum.
Also, Communist East Ger
many and the Sudan estab-
Gshed trade deals in which
Sudanese cotton. oilseed and
gum arabic would be ex-
changed for German machin-
cry. railway materials and
light industry products. In
October negotiations were
started toward establishing
diplomatic relations.
All this occurred before the
Sudan actually became indie
pendent.
Perfect Set-up
The new country presents a
perfect setup for Soviet
manipulation. Poor, weak,
inexperienced. distrustful of
colonial powers. it has a built
in condition for trouble-a
racial. religious. economic and
geographical split between
North and South.
Of the beaten track and to
most people no more than a
name from a stamp collection,
1t is a vast, sparsely popu-
lated country. half Arab. half
Negro. In the shrub plains
and dry deserts north of
Khartoum live seven million
Arabs. the bulk Of the Sudans
population. Here also lies
most OF the cultivated area,
getting its life from the Nile.
That river flows the whole
length of the country. some
1000 miles. Since the Pha-
raohs and as late as 1890. in
vaders and slave raiders fol-
lowed its course upstream to
the swamps and thick bush of
Southern Sudan. The million
South Sudanese are Negroes,
mostly pagan in religion.
They speak central African
dialects and live in primitive
societies ruled by tribal chief
tainS, A modern state. parlia-
mentary representation. cleo
tons posing abstract questions
all are quite meaningless to
them.
Last August, when units OF
the Equatorial Corps Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-08
GOING LIKE so
Job Booklet
Offered to
Aging

The new edition of Learn tc
Earn" produced by six of the
Women's Service Clubs, is now
ready for distribution. This book
is for the benefit of older people
seeking to fit themselves for fur
ther employment and is availa-
BILE through the generosity Of the
Women's Clubs.
If you desire a copy of the
booklet send your name and ad-
dress to the Committee on the
Aging, United Community Serv-
ices Tor to the Information and
Referral DEPARTMENT. 1101 M
street NV.
After you have read it. share
1t with others.
prepared by the Committee on the
Aging, United Community ServicesD
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-08
LAW IN THE NEWS
NPo|icies on Religion
Pose Constitution Issue

small, can be levied to support
any religious activities or in
situations, whatever they may
be called, or whatever form they
may adopt to teach or practice
religion. Neither a State nor
the Federal Government can,
openly or secretly. participate in
the affairs of any religious Or
CARNATIONS or groups, and vice
versa"
Must Serve Public Interest
Mr.. Parker. Of course, was
merely complaining about net
work policies; but in the light
of modern constitutional law
the complaint appears to be one
on which the Government can
act only indirectly, if at all.
TV stations as q condition to
their licensing are required to
serve the public interest, conve-
nience and necessity-and to
demonstrate to the FEC that
they will do so. Their asSur-
ances may or may not include
making time available to re-
ligious groups, depending on the
circumstances.
Whether a station can be re-
quired to make such time avail
able has not been tested In
court. The FEC, however, is en-
powered to hear complaints. 1t
must periodically renew broad
cast licenses. And in determining
whether to renew, the courts
have ruled that the FEC may
weigh a stations initial promises
against its actual performances.
So the Government has ways Of
influencing individual station
programs to q degree.
But whether even this much
leverage in regard to religious
time" could constitutionally be
applied to T'V networks, assun-
ing that they become subject to
Federal regulation, seems a mat
ter Of some doubt.
The next article in this Isrie, will
appear Wednesday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-08
Daughters of America
Activities Scheduled

Meetings this week of councils
Of the Daughters Of America
are:
Monday-John L. Burnett, 4l9
Seventh street NV; Independ-
ent and Old Glory, 523 Eighth
street NE.
TueSday-Martha cambridge,
523 Eighth street NE; Unity,
2407 Minnesota avenue Sc.
Observation-Disclosures, Four
tenth and q streets, Sc;
Esther. Wisconsin avenue NV;
Loyalty. 523 Eighth street NE;
Peace. 24o7 Minnesota avenue
Sc.
ThurSday-Triumph and Pride
Of Washington. 523 Eighth street
NE.
Friday-Eagle, 2407 Minnesota
avenue Sc; Golden Rule, 523
Eighth street NE; Progressive,
419 Seventh street NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-08
Storm Safety
Rules Listed

The American Red Cross to-
day recommended 10 safety rules
to be followed in event Of q
hurricane.
1t said the entire eastern sea-
board Of the United States has
become q hurricane alley" A
change in weather patterns is
apparently responsible for max
ing this area vulnerable to storms
and floods. the Red Cross said
Its recommendations are:
/. Follow weather reports in
newspapers and on the radio.
2. Store loose objects such as
garden furniture and tools in a
safe place.
3. Board windows and put
storm shutters in place.
4. Evacuate quickly II you are
told to do so.
5. Stay away from low-lyine
beaches.
8. Stay away from windows.
8. There may be a deceptive
lull for as long as 80 minutes
during storm. Stay where you
are during this period.
g. Keep plenty of water. ready
to-eat food, and a flashlight OF
candles handy.
i 10. Don't touch fallen wires
Report them to police or the
power company.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-08

summer without adding weight.
In tea are found B vitamins,
proteins, chlorophyll, appreciable
amounts of riboflavin (vitamin
B/2) and other substances.
Riboflavin is believed to be
the substance that provides the
maximum extension Of the period
we call "the prime Of life
that period that lies between
full adult capacity and old age.
Two or three daily cups Of
"delicately brewed tea" help to
prolong this period, the author
feels.
Tea. he says, does not seem
to increase acidity and does not
seem to alter the basal meta
bolic rate. The field Of geriat-
RIGS should have a special in
terest in tea. its vitamin content,
its psychic stimulus and the
production Of a feeling Of we'll
being so necessary in the aged,
well or ILL.," DR.. Frohman de-
clared.
II the tea is brewed correctly,
he continued. 1t may be used to
restore the fluid balance in cases
of vomiting and diarrhea, be-
cause correct brewing balances
out the disturbing effects Of caf-
feline and tannins alone.
Discovered in China
I'VE must be thankful" he
says. ITO the Chinese philosopher,
Chin-mung, who in $500 BE-, 90
it Is said. built q fire from the
branches Of the tea plant. Some
Of the leaves accidentally fell into
the boiling water" and this he
drank.
I'm the past 81 centuries man
has changed his customs. his at
titudes, and his way Of life and
thought, but his love Of tea he
has retained unchanged.
Surely any beverage able to
stand the test of time since
2800 Be-" he adds, must be of
some value to the human race"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-08

The next article in this ssrie, viii
appeor Wednesday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-08
LAW IN THE NEWS
By PHIL YEAGER and JOHN
STARK

BY PHIL YEAGEk ana JOHN
STARK
The Rev. Everett C. Parker Of
New York, communications di-
rector of the Congregational
Christian Churches, went before
the Snate Commerce Committee
the other day to complain that
the big T'V networks are not
giving SUFFICIENT time to religious
groups.
The networks, he said, expect
religious organizations to pay
their own way in TV lust like
soap manufacturers" Such treat.
ment, he added, lis illustrative
of the present attitude Of net
works toward their public service
obligations"
One question which this testi-
mony is apt to raise in the minds
Of many people is this: What Is
Congress expected to do about 1t?
Constitution Sets Limits
In regard to enacting any kind
of legislation which might d.
rectly aid churches, the powers
of Congress are Stringently lin
tied by the Constitution. Every
one knows that church and state
in this country are legally sep
arated. But the QUESTION that
keeps coming UP is how far this
separation shall be carried.
At one time the courts con-
strued the First Amendment
only as forbidding establishment
Of an ofilcial church and al
guaranteeing individual freedom
of worship. Later interpreta-
tons, however, have greatly
broadened the scope of this
clause.
Neither a State nor the Fed
eral Government" said the
Supreme Court in the New Jer-
sey school-bus case Of 1947, can
pass laws which aid one religion
aid all religions, or prefer one
religion over another. Nc
tax in any amount, large OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-08

Tea, as water. will replace the
obese patients fluid loss in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-08

Curtis Williams, 10. 1921 Independence
ave SCI and Joann D. Palmer. 20,
35l9 18th ST. NV.
Robert L. James, "a. 1920 w St.. Sc,
and Edna P. Ripple, 81, l43S Mime
sofa ave. Sc
ROBERT E. Reiter, 33. 1903 Victor st. ne,
and Sperine Greenwald, "a, rs Ken
needy ST. NV.
Don H. Peterson, rs, 243O Pennsylvania
ave NV, and Anna 9. Kovalefi. "a
@el3 3yth st. NV.
William p. Harris rs. Detroit. Mich,
Dewilda e Naramore, SO, $40 Con-
necticut ave. NV.
Donald v. Chehak, 80. 1923 21St st,
NV. and Louise M. Sornson, II, Des
Moines, Iowa.
William E. Page IS, Rogue River. Greg.
anu Erma L. WINNER ~, 6l1 Mellon
Ira r KRAFT SO. Audubon, Iowa, and
Mamie j. Sornson, 40, Gray, Iowa.
Kari 3 olsen, jr., IS, 1910 st. NV.
and Beverly Miller IS. 1921 9 st.
nv.
Lawrence S. Hammond u, it32 10th
ST me- and Sylvia B Gichrist, 10,
1928 Massachusetts, ave sc.
Eugene f. Anthony. 81, Oakland, Calf,
and Elizabeth A. curnow, a. l12l
Lamont ST. NV
Prank II clugston, u, 25l5 clifibourns
pl. NV, and Msrsaret A. oRourke
20. Alexandria, Va.
Isaac, $. both OF i64 Newton pl
Leroy Peterson, 81. 1900 9th st. NV
and Mary L. Tillman, 20, 731 lrvins
Joseph Mahoney, -. 800 D st. Sc
and Juanita Parker, 20, 42O ST.
Robert e. Brown. rs, Flint, Mich, and
Emily M Findlay, 20, 3Ul0 18th st
Thomas L. Wong, 20 1921 9TH st. NV,
and Elizabeth Chin, ~, 1910 Pennsyl-
Vania ave. NV.
Richard r. lines, ls 3424 l1th pl. Sc,
and Alene v. Short, Is, 26ll sayan-
clennie ii. Murphy. jr., ~. 2Oei Perry
ST. ne, and Barbara M. Alexander,
81 1897 Perry pl. NV.
Otto g Jenkins 20, 1855 Lewis ST. ne !,
ana Emma Q Cannatella, A. 1880
william +. ventsrs As and Ann s.
Lyles, "a. both OF 1924 Kenyon st.
jacob L Ross, u. 14i9 Duncan St. ne
and Shirley A. Moses II, 424 LIST st.
Benny 4 PICKETT. %. Los Angeles Calf.
and Mamie L. Davis, ~, Wadesboro,
Charles Lisenby 20. clarksville. Tenn.
and Rosa B. Hunter 20. 1920 Risss
Samuel /. Smiley. IT,. es 1920 sayan-
s VS. s if5 18th 18th pi Sc suan''A SrOok'ns'
Leslie D. McMullin, IS, sac goth 81.
INV and Elizabeth L. Murdoch, 3s,
James ,. Weiiman, ~, Is, 4sos Kan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-08

more coming into its own"
The subject of tea and medi-
cine was placed before doctors
in an article in the current
Medical Annals Of the District
of Columbia by DR.. I. Phillips
Frohman, chairman Of the Sec
ton on general practice Of the
American Medical Association.
He notes that tea produces
an effect entirely different from
that Of any of its constituents
separately.
Ill Effects Eliminated
Caffeine and tea tannins
react automatically In q we'll
brewed cup Of tea with the
happy result that many Of the
Ill effects Of both are eliminated
and the desirable effects en-
HANGED"
He adds. The psychologist
benefits Of tea cannot be ex-
planned entirely by its chemistry
either; too much is bound up in
the stimulation Of other senses
witness its fragrance and color 4.
the pleasant associations 1t
evokes.
1T is SUFFICIENT for the physi-
clans purposes that his patient
merely think that tea has
changed and frightened his at
titude toward life. II there is a
distinction between one who is
happy and one who thinks he is
happy, that distinction is
semantic."
This would seem an excellent
argument for the use Of tea.
But DR.. Froham, who served
last year as chairman Of a Sym
postum on the Pharmacology and
the Physiologic and Psychologist
Effects Of Tea at the New York
Academy of Sciences, goes
further.
Good in Summer
Tea, as water, will replace the
obese patients fluid loss in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-08
Cause for Fervor

PADUA, Italy, July 7 R.-
Fellow prisoners hailed the lib
Grafton Of Giuseppe Caporaello
IS, with special fervor. He was
pardoned by President Gronchi
after serving 20 years Of a 30
year term. AS he left he gave
the inmates his savings of SOC, 1000
lire 81 .280). earned working In
his cell as a shoemaker.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-08
Disabled Veterans
Schedule MEETINGS

The D. c. Department Auxil.
larry of the Disabled American
Veterans will meet at the Per-
petual Building & Loan Associa-
ton Building on Wednesday. al
8 pm, it is announced by De
partment Comdr. e. Margaret
Wardle.
The D. C. Department Execu-
tive Committee will meet at the
same place on Thursday, at
pm, it is announced by Depart
ment Comdr. Raymond K. Wiper