davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-04-15

the decline in labor might be less.
Can Keep Pace
It thus appears that farm production
can easily keep pace with increases in
demand from growth in the national
economy. We can expect spending for
farm products to go up about 80 to AZ
per cent. And it seems that production
could go up from 40 to 60 per cent
through continuing to develop and us
ing better know-how.
Given the production potential of
agriculture and the low elasticity or
stretch figure for farm demand as
national income grows, we can expect
farm prices to lag behind total economic
development. It's not likely that they'll
spring ahead. There will likely be good
profits for efficient Operators-espe-
cially those producing things cOnsum-
erS want most. But income and prices
will continue pressure on inefficient
operation and production of less wanted
items.
Few Hungry Persons
We've been talking about agriculture
as whole. All of agriculture doesn't
fit into national economic growth and
development in the same pattern. De-
velopment favors some products and
penalties others.
Total pounds of food consumed per
person haven't increased over the past
40 years. But the composition has
less emphasis ON cereals, fats and oils
and Starchy foods; more emphasis
on proteins, higher-grade meat cuts,
fresh fruits and vegetables and semi
luxury foods. These last foods charac-
terize an economy in rapid strides Of
income growth and development. This
picture will continue. There are per-
hapS more persons in the United States
worrying about Overeating than are
hungry-though they still may not be
eating the fright foods for best health.
We know that as peoples income liz
creaseS, they pay less attention to
products providing subsistence at low
cost. Once hunger is satisfied, thoughts
turn to things which increase the salts
factions of living. Good living" on the
farm is no longer characterized by get
ting enough food, clothing and shelter
for existence or subsistence.
More attention and expenditures are
going also to better health, education
vacations, food freezers and other con
veniences that add to satisfaction. This
is the reason that economic growth ant
development places different premiums
or penalties on various farm products
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-04-15
Wbats Behind the
Farm Cost-Price Squeeze?

Continued Increase in National Population and Prosperity
Problem? This Article Suggests Some Answers
Aid Understanding the Present Farm Situation i'm
Relation to of National Economy
y EARL o. HEADY JOHN F HERS
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-04-15

FARMERS AND RANCHERS are
part of a growing national economic
system. This economy isn't stable. It's
in a continuous state of change. Aside
from temporary setbacks (such as de-
preSsions. which may have seemed
more than temporary at the time),
the economy is constantly pressing
forward.
This forward press is one of growth
in the size of the nations productive
capacity or plant. The growth is re-
flected in the amount of goods and
services produced. It's reflected also
in the amount of income per person
and in the amount of goods and services
for families.
The gross national productive total
dollar value of all goods and services
produced-has more than doubled since
1929. It's expected to double again by
1875. But not all of this will be avail
able for consumers. Some goes to in
creasing plant capacity by corpora
lions. Some goes for more government
services and similar items. Also, popu-
lation increases so that spendable in
come per person increases at a lower
rate.
Effects ON Farming
Total spendable or dispoSable income
per person went up 30 per cent from
1890 to 1850. It's predicted to increase
by 60 per cent from 1850 to 1875.
What does this economic develop
ment and the growth in population
and productive capacity mean to farm
families? For example, if disposable
income increases 54 per cent in Is
years, will the demand for farm prod
ucts increase to the same extent?
Probably not. The outcome for indi-
vidual products isn't the same as for
total national production when eco
nOmic growth and development take
place. If they were the same, demand
for all farm and industrial products
would grow in proportion to overall
gains. But it's possible for demand
for some products to decline-even in
the face of overall gains.
Suppose Income Increased
Suppose, for example, that your an
nual income increased an even ST 600
You might spend $500 Of it for home
cOnveniences-one or two major items
such as television set or refrigerator
and other items such as a new iron
or food mixer. You might devote an
other 5000 for higher-quality food
better cuts of meat, new foods Vol
haven't eaten in the past, better grades
or quality Of the foods you have eaten
The remainder might go into saving
and taxes or be split up between say
ings, taxes and other goods or service
which you feel you could now afford
At the same time you might fin
yourself spending less for some good
and services as result of your 81, 90
increase in income. You might spen
less for the poorer cuts of meat. les
for potatoes and navy beans Will
spending more for foods you believ
are more desirable and which you nov
think you can afford. Or, you mich
have replaced your coal furnace wit
an oil-burning unit.
Thus, with a $1,000 increase in al
nual income, you find yourself spendin
more for some things, less for others
1t isn't simply a matter of pro-ratin
the expenditures you've made in tn
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-04-15
COsF-Price Squeeze


of the whole economy getting weather.
does contribute to the farm cost
price squeeze. The demand elasticity
or stretch Of many nonfarm commOdi-
ties is large. AS peoples income rises,
they want more food freezers. cars,
televisiOn sets and better homes, fur
niShings, etc.
Farm families, toe, want more of
these things as their incomes increase.
Hence the consumer ''bidS" for re-
sources to be used for these things.
The resources are labor, steel, lumber,
chemicals, petroleum products and
such. These materials are also used
in producing farm machines and sup
plies. Consumer demand keeps the cost
of these items up. And farm costs
through items used for consumer goods
are also kept up.
But as consumers get weather., they
don't increase their demand for food
quantity very much, once hunger is
satisfied. And as a result farm prices
tend to sag downward They may not
actually fall-but simply not increase
as rapidly as prices of nonfarm goods.
Farm costs, in competition with gen.
eral consumer demand for nonfarm
products where the demand stretch is
high, tend upward.
The result is a coSt-price squeeze
in farming. In effect, the consumer is
trying to say that, in rapidly growing
economy, he wants relatively fewer
resources in agriculture and more to
be used in producing houses, home
furnishings, food freezers, cars and
other things.
Looking Ahead
These things give a glimpse of how
farming fits into the picture of national
economic development over the long
run. The cOSt-price squeeze is likely to
continue. 1t will bear hardest on small
producers or those with too few re-
sources to be able to produce at low
cost.
Consumer demand begins to tell farm
operators how to specialize and use
their resources over the long pull to
produce what consumers want. They're
telling us that we may need to con-
tinue some withdrawing of resources
from such things as cotton, potatoes
and cereal grains. They're saying that,
over the long pull, we need relative ex.
pansion in other products such as live.
stock.
They're also telling us we need to
shift types of animal production-away
from lard-type hogs to more lean cuts;
away from butterfat to more milk and
cheese, etc.
Need to Go Ahead
In any case, we need to go aheaC
with technical development and i'm
proved practices in agriculture-espe
cially if they aid adjustments consum
erS are indicating they want. A wealthy
society is characterized not in show
much but in chow few of its re
sources are needed to produce a giver
item.
If we need large amount of Iabol
and capital to produce food, then w,
don't have as much to produce schools
television sets, medicine and healtI
facilities and better homes and con
veniences. The growth in farm Out
put-with decreases in labor and onl
slight increases in other things re
quired-has allowed tremendous growt
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-04-15

Earl o. Heady is professor of ag-
ricultural economics, Iowa State
College. John F. Heer is editor of
Iowa Farm Science and former ex-
tension economist.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-04-15

some things expendi might be
The Arizona post., 1956-08-31

lies for while Nom and Dad
try their luck on the wheels
of fortune, the kids can play
in an old-fashioned village
and amusement park.
THE SHOWS in Vegas are
fabulous. We saw the Patrice
Munsel Henry Youngman
show at the New Frontier;
the Mickey Katz band and the
Parisienne Revue at the Glass
Slipper. The Desert Inn has a
lavish swimming show night
ly and we also were able to
take in the Jimmy Durante
show.
One of the big thrills for the
kids in the Vegas area was the
tour of mammoth Boulder
Dam. The best way to see the
Dam is to first take in the free
movies at the Boulder Cham
ber of Commerce. That gives
you the necessary back
ground.
The Arizona post., 1956-08-31

'Jonah'S Corner is the vibrat-
ing pulse of the ship. To get
to Jonah's Corner we have to
go down to the bottom of the
ship, to the &C. deck. Here are
the Israeli citizens Is
raelis returning from visits to
the United States stu
dents returning home from
American universities and 80
American boys and girls who
graduated from high schools
this year and are going to at
tend the Jewish Agency's
workshop in Israel
Here you also rub shoulders
with the crew all young
Israelis, all veterans of the
war of liberation.
The youngsters never get
tired of singing and dancing
and the floor is always crowd
ed. Even the non-Jews who are
travelling to Naples join in
the spirit of good fellowship
and respectfully sit in on all
the Hebrew lessons and lee
lures on Israel geography
which go on at all hours of
the day.
The small synagogue is
beautiful and daily services
are held regularly, but it is
open all day long.
THE DINING ROOM is
elegant and the food, while
strictly Kosher, is served in
the nature of exquisite French
cuisine.
The ships captain, Captain
Golanchsky, is Russian-born,
but carries his Israeli citizen
ship proudly and with great
dignity. Passengers of the
The Arizona post., 1956-08-31

of teaching experience in Wis
consin and Illinois; Mrs. H.
M. Mathiesen, licensed teacher
from Nebraska who has a
background of music educa-
ton; and Mrs. Jack Burch,
former instructor in crafts
and arts at Treehaven, Coun-
ty Recreation Department and
in the Center nursery school.
THE CENTER nursery and
kindergarten opens Sept. 10
with a full program for child
rem 31a to 6 years of age. Half
day and full day schedules are
optional and enrolment is
open to the entire community.
A reading readiness program
is taught to five-year-oldS.
Other programs include arts
The Arizona post., 1956-08-31

ABOARD THE SIS ZION,
enroute to Israel-Today is al
ready the seventh day since we
are at sea, but still we live in
enchantment.
How good it is to be among
your own brethren, on an Is
rael boat and going there!
WHAT COULD be compar-
ed to the beauty and charm of
the SIS. Zion? 1t is not only a
luxury liner in miniature,
with great concern for the in
dividual passengers comfort,
but it fully and richly reflects
the spirit of ancient and mod,
ern Israel combined in the
finest expression of art.
Wall murals in the 'JeruSa-
lem Lounge on our deck carry
out the ancient Ha' 'Shamoneon
story in detail. The fine wood
carvings in the lower lounge
bring you very vividly the sad
story of the so-called illegal
immigration from eastern Eu-
rope during the years 1916 to
1913. The frightened and yet
hopeful faces carved on the
wood look almost alive.
THEN THERE Is the 'Hora
Inn in the tourist class. The
boat features Israeli wines
and soft drinks. How can one
get good and drunk on that!
But we went there anyway
because of the bartender.
He is a young and vigorous
Israeli who mixes his drinks
while he recites passages of
the finest world classic itera-
ture. We love him, and Harry
uses him to increase his poor
Hebrew vocabulary!
This 'IIora Inn is actually
the recreational center on
board ship. All sorts of games
in English and Hebrew are
played in the morning. Here
we listened to good music in
the afternoon and dance at
night.
BUT THE PLACE called
The Arizona post., 1956-08-31
Letter From Israel
Voyage of the StroUsses

EDITORS NOTE: Manya and Harry Strauss, long
Israel indefinite stay
Their Herbert moved to Israel to live and work
Kbbuz collective farm Tragicaly Herberts lovely young
polio after long Illness passed
But Herbert live and work i'm Israel with his
daughter Miriam THE ARIZONA POST asked Manya and
periodic letters to their friends i'm Tucson
telling of their experiences TOdays opening dispatch
written enrOute tn ISraeIO
The Arizona post., 1956-08-31

and crafts, music, games and
dancing.
The school has a limited en-
rollment and applications now
are being accepted by Sy
JuSter, Center secretary
telephone 4-8603). Halliday
rates are $12 per month; full
day rates which include hot
lunches and refreshments are
$35 per month.
The Arizona post., 1956-08-31
CJA's STATISTICAL
Report Shows
New Record

The biggest number of
contributors to the 1856
Tucson Combined Jewish
Appeal came in the under
$24 donation group, a break
down of campaign totals re-
veals.
The 1843 contributors to
the 1856 CJA set a new rec
ord with a total giving of
S128,074. A total of 831 con-
tributed to the Israel
Emergency Fund.
Following is a breakdown
of the fundgiving for the
1856 campaign:
The Arizona post., 1956-08-31

of 1855. Previously she was
employed at the Trinity Nurs-
cry School in Woodbridge, N.
j.; at the Alice Brady Nursery
School in California and also
worked as a counselor at the
Perth Amboy, NJ. Center.
SERVING WITH Mrs.
Remer on the teaching staff
at the Center will be: Mrs.
Rose Seavert, a licensed ele-
mentary school teacher who
taught at the Center kinder
garten last year; Mrs. Donald
Griffith, who has had 13 years
The Arizona post., 1956-08-31

Mrs. Roslyn Blumberg,
who has taught elementary
and kindergarten classes in
Israel for the last 10 years,
has been added to the teach
ing staff at the Center.
The Arizona post., 1956-08-31

first class are frequently in
vited to eat at his table for the
evening meal. We greatly en-
joyed listening to his many
humorous stories of the seven
seas.
We close with Gut Shah
bos'. Shortly we will be going
to a brief service in the ships
synagogue and after, the real
ly beautiful Friday night ship.
board dinner.
Our best wishes to all our
friends and family in Tucson
for a most joyous and happy
New Year.
MANYA AND
HARRY STRAUSS
The Arizona post., 1956-08-31
Mrs. Remer Will Head
Center School Proqrum

Mrs Bruce Remer has been appointed acting director of
the Tucson Jewish Community Center nursery and
kindergarten Benjamin N Brook director,
announced
Mrs Remer has been with the Center nursery since June
The Arizona post., 1956-08-31
Vacations
Unlimited
By AIT DAVIS

II a survey were taken, I'd
wager that Southern Califor-
MIA and Las Vegas are the
faVorite vacation haunts of
Post readers.
And we found, on our vaca-
ton jaunt, many wonders in
both areas. Our first stop was
Disneyland and we spent two
days seeing the wonders Walt
Disney has created. The best
bet, we found, is to purchase
the combination books when
you enter. That entities you
to a dozen or so rides in Dis
neyland. But be sure to wear
comfortable shoes or you'll
never keep up with the kids
traipsing through the various
lands.
ONE OF THE most fasci-
mating places We visited was
the Marineland Oceanarium
at Portuguese Bend, Calf. You
can spend whole day watch
ing the varied species of fish
life in the three-story tank.
The porpoises and seal put on
terrific acts.
A visit to Knottsberry farm
capped out Southern Califor-
MIA visiting.
The highway between Los
Angeles and Las Vegas is a
good one. Once in the land of
the 'galloping dominoes' we
checked in at the New From
tier. It's a good place for farni-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-02
Stewed Chicken
With DunplinqS

2 frying chickens. cut into
serving pieces
u cup flour
"a cup butter
6 cups water
2 packages chicken noodle
soup mix
bay leaf
u teaspoon thyme
cup cream
"a cup sherry (optionaD
Parsley
Roll the chicken pieces in
flour and brown them on all
sides in the butter. Put
chicken in a heavy kettle and
add water, soup mix, bay leaf
and thyme. Bring liquid to a
boil and simmer for 20 min
utes, or until chicken is ten
der. Pour of 4 cups of the
liquid with the noodles Drop
dumping dough (use favorite
recipe or prepared biscuit
mix by tablespoonfuls on the
chicken pieces in the liquid
remaining in the kettle, cover
and steam the dumplings for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-02
Great English Dinner
Served Food Editors

coded each Of the eight courses,
Scottish bagpipers. commem-
Grating the drawing up in i706
Of the treaty uniting England
and Scotland. piped the watt
ers into Upton Hail."
The eight-course banquet
started with bisque Of Col
chester oysters from the beds
of the Colne Estuary, served
with Elmo sherry. Ripe and
green olives, French dried
fruits, raisins and currants
were accompaniment.
Ross salmon from the River
Wye followed, served with
Chassagne Montrachet les
Ruchottes 1925. Then came a
Temple Bar beef and kidney
pie with Chateau Leoville las
Cases 1943.
The main course was saddle
of South Downs mutton from
Sussex with parslied potatoes
from the fields of Kent and
Chelsea Gardens green peas.
The wine with the lamb was
Richebourg 1949.
To clear the palate was a
champagne Rose sherbet. Cold
smoked pheasant after this
from the Cambridge Fens and
small venison pastries. Piper
Continued on Page BIS, Col.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-02
BIZ VIOLET FAuLKNER

The "pomp and circum-
stance" Of q great English
dinner was recreated for the
Nations food editors who
attended the annual confer
ence in New York last week.
Our hosts, Thomas j. Upton,
Inc. spent hours of research
delving into old cook books to
duplicate the foods served $50
years ago on English tables Of
quality"
The menu, inspired by q
feast served to royalty at,
Windsor around the turn Of
the 18th century, had a fine
disregard for balance.
The wealthy Englishman of
that period was no believer in
the gentler virtues of fresh
vegetables, green salads and
dairy desserts. His taste ran to
highly-spiced meats. heavy
soups. stews, and pies. Desserts
were enormous puddings and
custards; fruits candied or
baked in tarts.
The Menu
A procession of costumed
walters carrying aloft the huge
roasted joints. pies. stews.
sweets and other delicacies.
which distinguished a feast in
the time Of Queen Anne, pre-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-02

20 minutes. Meanwhile. strain
the liquid removed from the
kettle, pressing the noodles
through the sieve to thicken
the sauce or blend liquid and
noodles for ! minute in an
electric hlender. Stir in cream
and sherry and heat to sim
mering. To serve. arrange
chicken in a warm serving
dish, surround by dumplings
and pour the gravy over the
chicken. Garnish with parsley.
Makes six to eight servings.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-02
Luncheon for Home

Mrs. @. Bromley Oman
and Mrs. Charles Flint. wives
of Washington's Methodist
bishops, and Mrs. Asbury
Smith and Mrs. q. Oris Rob-
inson, wives of the Methodist
district superintendents, will
be among the guests at a
fashion show and luncheon
sponsored by the Board Of
Managers of the Methodist
Home for the Aged on Friday.
1t will be held at the Shore
ham Hotel.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1956-08-08

have made much better employ
ees than those acquired from
other sources, and that they
nave a much better understand
ing of the trucking industry and
the part they play in it.
Our safety record has been
greatly improved during the past
seven years, and we believe a
great part of this is due to the
training received at this school,"
AS the trucking industry
grows, the role of the Truck
Driver Training School becomes
Increasingly important. North
Carolina now ranks 10th in the
nation in truck registrations
Within the State, the trucking
industry places second or third
in the total economy.
Among the largest trucking
ccnters for the State are Win
Ston-Salem, Greensboro, Char
lotte, High Point. Asheville
Gastonia, and Wilmington.
The importance of the in
duStry to the area is shown ir
the fact that there are counties
in North Carolina which arc
served only by the trucking in
duStry and there are 1900 COM
munitieS in Il similar situation
Charlotte is the axis for the
States industry with more fol
hire lines serving it than any
other city in the nation.
The school for truck driver.
is sponsored by the N. c. Motor
Carriers Association and it!
more than $50 carrier members
Tom Outlaw, executive vice
president of the NCMCA, says
Il am satisfied that the training
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1956-08-08

School in the highway safety
program in our state is most i'm
portant. 1t is source of pride
to know that the thorough train
ing received in the school means
that the graduates will embark
on their new careers adequately
indoctrinated in the principles
of the Golden Rule of Driving"
During the remainder of 1856,
the school will offer four more
classes, beginning September 3,
October l, October 20. and No
vember &c respectively. Each OF
the schools will be devoted 10
training safety-conscious driv-
ers to journey along the States
and the nations highways main
tanning the transporting life
lines.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1956-08-08

School gives are prohibited by
high cost. Nowhere can a mar
get so much for so little in SC
short time. Our industry and
the citizens Of our state and ma
ton are most fortunate in hav-
ing such an aggressive State
College"
Despite its constant MONTH,
Training programs, the school is
still not able to satisfy the de-
mand of industry. Director Hay
ME receives requests daily fol
good, reliable drivers.
There are many drivers
Haynie reports, but there is .
growing shortage of good driv-
ers."
The colleges adult education
program also plays an important
role in the States highway safe
Ity program.
| COMMISSIONER EuN dIu oCIlclu
of the State Department of Mot.
or Vehicles expresses his view:
on the school:
For three years l have watch.
ed with interest the progress o
the North Carolina Truck Driv.
er Training School at State Col.
lege. With the growth of tn,
trucking industry in our State
the need for professional driver,
Is a prime requisite, not only t.
insure the safe arrival of cargo
but to assure the motoring pub
lie that the driver charged will
, the responsibility of operatin,
the vehicle has been CAREFUL,
trained to make safe driving /;
> part of his daily life.
The role of the North Caro-
lima Truck Driver Trainin,
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1956-08-08
North Carolina Has High Regard
For Men Behind Wheels Of Trucks

ened the nations first college
conducted school for training
professional truck drivers.
During its Seven-year history.
the school has trained more than
$500 drivers for the trucking
industry.
w. T. GowenS. director of
safety and personnel for Pilot
Freight Carriers. Inc. of Win
iton-Salcm reports, Our COM
pany has supported the Driver
Training School since its begin
.ninC in 1919. We have employed
Ill possible drivers from the
school since that time. and more
than 80 per cent of our 300 road
trivcrS are graduates of the
school.
1t has been our experience
mat drivers from this school