davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1956-12-20

pest. On the same day, a Hum
garian radio transmitter and
Radio Moscow announced that
Janos Kadar had formed a
revolutionary worker peas,
ant government"
Such was the sequence of
events. Now, what is the situa-
tion from the standpoint of
international law?
/. In 1858, the Soviet Union
submitted to the United Ma
tions its definition of agrees
sion, Article / of which stipu-
lates that the invasion by forces
of another state without the
permission of the government
of the latter" is aggression.
However, not even a request
by the government of one state
can justify the military inter-
vention by another state. for
the Soviet definition provides
in its Article 6 that no ''revo-
lutionary or counter-revolu-
tionary movement. civil war,
disorders or strikes" and no
desire Ito maintain in a state
any political. economic or So
cial system" can be used as
justification for a foreign mill
tary. Intervention.
2. The Warsaw pact Of May
IA, 1855, did not authorize So
Wet military Intervention in
Hungary. While it is true that
Article 4 Of the Warsaw pact
provides for the station of So
Wet troops in Hungary, but
this only by agreement among
the states, in accordance with
the requirements of their d.e.
the signatories of the Warsaw
pact) mutual defense" The
same pact provides that the
term mutual defense" applies
to an armed attack by another
state.
Accordingly, Soviet military
intervention was justified nei-
ther by the Soviet definition of
aggression, even if it had been
done at the request of a legiti-
mate Hungarian government,
nor by the Warsaw pact which
applied only to an attack on
Hungary by another state.
Article 2 Of the Soviet def
milton labels as indirect
aggression" an intervention
which promotes an internal
upheaval in another state or
a reversal of policy in favor of
the aggressor.
The forcible overthrow of
the Imre Macy government by
the Soviets and their setting
up Of the Janos Kadar regime
constitutes, by the Soviet gov
ernment's own definition, an
indirect aggression"
The Soviet military inter-
vention in Hungary, therefore.
is a direct" and an indirect
aggression" according to its
own definition, according to the
Warsaw pact and the United
Nations Charter.
Stefan Osusky.
Member Of the international
Commission Of Jurists.
Evening star., 1956-12-20
Exit Whitford Kane

Whitford Kane was a round, nubby
little man with facade OF benevolence
that grew with the years, until his death
the other day at the age of rs.
For SO years he was an actor, clear
minded. sharp eyed and gentle Of speech,
who needed no place in the limited galaxy
OF stars to make niche both prominent
and pleasant for himself in the theater.
Producers and directors always remem-
bered him when they had plays 10 cast.
On their part, audiences always remem-
bered him as one Of the performers most
Evening star., 1956-12-20
OIuIIey hOFeIz.
The Deer Runs Wild.
Sidney Koretz.

Reports from Maryland are
to the effect that 3,100 deer
were slain during the open
season. plus one COW and a
steer. The number of wounded
is, Of course, unknown. Two
distressing facts were in the
Maryland report, one that
there were more women num-
bered among the hunters and
that more does than usual
were slain. / have not read
the news from other States
but it probably is equally as
horrible.
The deer runs wild and free,
1.-THE and beautiful, browner
in the morning sun; then the
hunters gun; then the dark
leaves dyed red; then the
death quiver; then the still
ness; another thing Of beauty
destroyed.
There is something inher-
emily evil in the mind that can
view this tragedy with pleas
ure. Is it any wonder that we
have wars? Probably most
folks do not have this lust to
kill, which is why we do not
have more wars.
Evening star., 1956-12-20
Conformation Suggestion

The proposal put forth by Judge
Samuel H. Hofstadter of the New York
State Supreme Court for modified form
of CONFORMATION" in Government loyal
ty-security hearings merits close atten-
tion and study by Federal officials. Judge
HofStadter would give security hearing
boards the power of subpoena and allow
them to appoint a public advocate"
drawn from panel of lawyers cleared
for security. These attorneys, represent
ing the accused, would question the
Governments confidential and anony-
nous informants. They then would con-
suit with the accused, without disclosing
the source of secret information or the
identity of the informant. Finally, they
would present the accused's position to
the board in a private hearing.
In letter to Chairman Lloyd Wright
of the Commission on Government Sc
curity, which was set up by Congress in
August, 1855, to study the entire inter-
nal security problem, Judge Hofstadter
warned that the temper and constit-
uency of the Omitted States) Supreme
Court is such that it might well find
Tie ldCk OI n S6InDldICe even OF COn-
frontation violative of the due process
clause of the Constitution" Whether
the commission shares this view or not,
1t doubtless will want to explore the
feasibility Of the judges proposal before
1t submits its final report and recon-
mendations to Congress on or before
next June 80.
Even II it is decided, for overriding
security reasons, that the public advocate
idea should not apply to the Govern
ment'S professional, confidential inform
ants (and 1t is understood that such
informantS have rarely been used in
employe cases), the HofStadter proposal
would give an accused person much
greater protection against anonymous
casual informers and gossips. 1t is the
real and potential abuses involved in
permitting testimony by these latter
types, without cross-examination, that
has provoked some of the heaviest criti-
cism of the loyalty-security programs.
Evening star., 1956-12-20
British in Ireland

In a recent Associated Press
Dispatch published in your
paper, from Belfast, the seat
Of the British puppet govern
Inent Of six Of Ireland's 80
counties, it was reported that
"terrorists" placed a time bomb
near the destroyer Carolina. q
permanent headquarters In
British Northern Ireland for
Royal Navy volunteers. and
attacked q British Broadcast
ing Corp. transmitting tower
and a British Army barracks
and an RAP radar station.
BY what better right has
Britain TO maintain those mill
tary installations on Irish ter
ritory than the Kremlin had
10 send Soviet tanks TO murder
'terrorists" on the streets Of
Budapest?
II. after the Revolution
ary War. Britain had insisted
on retaining control OF six New
England States as q bridge
head 10 threaten the rest Of
the American Republic. hon
would American patriots reaet7
The Irish Republic IL IN .
similar situation today.
Martin J. Duhey.
Evening star., 1956-12-20
THE POLITICAL MILE
By GOULD LINCOLN
Party Voice Is Democrats Bio Issue

Who's going to speak for the
Democratic Party from now
on? Who's to be the voice of
the party? Apparently the
Democratic members Of Con-
greSs are determined to be
that voice. They are, If their
leaders are correct. to be the
arbiters on programs and is
sues and party principles.
This. however, does not settle
the problem entirely. Are
Speaker Sam Rayburn Of the
House and Majority Leader
Lyndon B. Johnson, both Of
Texas. plus the Southern
Democratic chairmen Of many
Of the important standing
committees Of the House and
Senate. to be the Spokesmen
and the trainers of the party
programs? Or are the so-called
liberals-the Humphreys. the
D0uglaseS, the Morses, the
Clarks of the Senate-to call
the turn? Along with the lib
erals of the House?
Speaker Rayburn and Sena-
tor johnson have grabbed the
ball and are running with 1t.
They have beaten down a pro-
posal, emanating from the
Democratic National Commit
tee, for the creation of an
overall advisory committee,
to be composed Of the con-
greSsional leaders themselves,
Democratic Governors and
Mayors and VIPS of the DEM
Ocratic. Party outside those
categories. They did SO by
merely declining to serve on
the committee and convincing
other Democratic Senators
and Representatives they
should also decline.
Must Hold Members
But the job they have on
their hands now is to hold in
line their own party members
on Capitol Hill. Just how they
can hope to have, for example,
the new Democratic Senator
from Pennsylvania Clark -
travel in double harness with
the new Senator from Georgia
-Talmadge-or Senator Morse
Of Oregon with Senator East
land of Mississippi, has not
been disclosed.
The showdown will come
when the new Congress meets
'in January. The very first
battle will come over an effort
of the liberals in the Senate
to beat down the filihuster-
the , ou { n e. n Democrats
weapon against civil rights
legislation. Their plan is to
challenge the theory that the
Senate is a continuing body
and, if successful, to change
the rules of the Senate forth
with.
The liberals have come up,
too. with a program of their
own for legislation-contrary
to the wishes of Majority
Leader johnson. who has urged
that the Democrats wait until
after the Eisenhower admin
istration has disclosed its
Evening star., 1956-12-20

Dusk, and the nop hung snow
clouds
PyotDlin0 the bank of the
earth,
Night. and the sIoD fakes
falling
On a dream that died at
birth.
The irraith OF an old December
Walks IN the falling snoic
With footsteps soft as lamb
iCoOl
And rind sounds incoming
lotr.
No one irtn non remember
An orchid that opened one
DAY.
Lore that uds fun bloom but
fragile
That rar riHds bte1C array.
Maude Tottea
Evening star., 1956-12-20

comfortably at home in the calm, sweet
wisdom of simple characters.
Because he filled it so often and so
well-more perhaps than any other in the
plays 300-odd years-there is one role
for which Mr.. Kane will be remembered
more than any other.
This is the First Gravedigger in
Hamlet" AS the man who always seemed
to be uncovering Poor Yoricks skull in
Ophelia's new-dug grave, Mr.. Kane had
a way of making death look more benign
than do most men. In an after-life, he
and Shakespeare may we'll find more in
common than playwright and player Say,
wisdom.
Evening star., 1956-12-20
Soviet Aggression

1t is obvious that by inter-
vening militarily in Hungary,
the Soviet Union violated the
United Nations Charter. 1t
violated the principle of the
sovereign equality" and "the
principle of equal rights and
determination" of Hun
gary Cart. 1. par. / and %; it
broke the commitment not to
use force against the terrific
rial integrity or political inde-
pendence" Of Hungary (Art. II,
par. A..
However, it is less known
that the Soviet Union COM
mitted an act Of aggression
against Hungary according to
its own definition Of the term
and according to the WARSAW
pact concluded by the Commu-
mist countries May IA. 1855.
The international Commission
of Jurists. with headquarters
at The Hague, prepared a
memorandum on the subject
entitled. Hungary ard the So
Wet Definition OF Aggression"
1t enumerates the following
facts pertinent to the case:
October "a, Imre Macy took
over the post Of Prime Minis
ter Of Hungary, requested the
withdrawal OF Soviet troops
from Hungary and on October
rs entered into negotiation
with the Soviet government to
that effect.
october %. Radio Budapest
announced that agreement had
been reached, and that Octo-
ber 81 had been agreed upon
as the final date for the with
drawal of Soviet troops from
Budapest.
October 30. the Soviet gov
eminent stated that the with
drawal Of Soviet troops from
all Hungary concerned all the
signatories Of the Warsaw pact
and had 10 be negotiated with
all of them.
Consequently. on October 81
Premier Imre Macy requested
the Soviet government 70 fix
the place and time for such
negotiations. In lieu uof a reply,
on November new Soviet
troops arrived In Hungary and
Mr.. Macy asked for their i'm
mediate withdrawal. November
4. Soviet troops launched an
armored assault against Buda-
Evening star., 1956-12-20
His Side of Story

During the week Of Novem-
ber IL, Washington news
papers, including The Star,
carried an article announcing
my discharge from the Ar
lington County Police Depart
ment. The stories reported
that I was discharged for
being intoxicated while on
duty and in uniform.
Since none Of the news
papers bothered to contact
me and ask my side of the
story, I wish to state here
that emphatically deny that
I was either intoxicated or
bad been drinking while on
duty.
have been asked why / did
not fight the dismissal before
the Police Trial Board. The
reason is that it would be
useless. I was accused once
before Of a similar charge and
dismissed, but when / appealed
the trial board acquitted me
and ordered me rehired. I
could win acquittal again be-
fore the trial board there be-
cause / have again been falsely
accused. but there would be
little sense in going back to
work again just to be accused
at a later date.
I would appreciate your
publishing this letter, as ! feel
that my side Of the story
should have been published
when / was accused.
Joseph c. Crissman.
Evening star., 1956-12-20

Q. How long had the seven
nations been free which
formed the Arab League In
1851. q.
A. Freedom dates from years
after World War I. Prior 70
this conflict Turkey held most
Of the Near East. Following
Allied victory. and the setting
UP OF British and French man.
dates and protectorates In the
Arab lands, movements for In
dependence soon sprang up.
Egypt became independent IN
1922: Saudi Arabia. In 1927:
Iraq, In 1892. Yemen. IN 1894:
Syria and Lebanon, In ie4l-45.
Jordan. in 1886.
Q. Can q person who IA def
initely an alcoholic drink beer
safely?--M. Il.
A. No. Any alcohol. what
ever. rs source. produces an
excessive disturbances Iin the
body chemistry Of an alcoholic
Acute insoxicatson will result
II he takes any alcohol IN
any form--ineludinR pedlcinss
which contain alcohol.
Evening star., 1956-12-20

hand. They have been en-
couraged, too. by Democratic
leaders outside Congress. The,
executive committee Of the
Democratic National Commit
tee, meeting in Washington q
few weeks ago. not only au-
thorized Democratic National
Chairman Paul M. Butler to
appoint the controversial ad-
visory committee, but 1t
adopted q resolution declar.
ing fatty for promulgation
Immediately Of a liberal pro-
gram Of legislation to carry
out the pledges all the
pledges - contained in the
party platform of 1856.
No Revolt Declared Yet
So far there has been no
declared rebellion against the
leadership Of Speaker Rayburn
in the House or that Of Sena-
tor johnson in the Senate.
In the House, Rayburn's infiu-
ence with the Democratic
members is very, very strong.
In the Senate, johnson is we'll
intrenched. He has with him.
first. the big bloc Of Senators
from the solid South. He
has, too, Senators from the
so-called border States and
from the Southwest. Those
members of the Senate who
have spoken UP have declared
their support Of Senator john
son, including Kennedy of
Massachusetts, Kefauver of
Tennessee. and Humphrey Of
Minnesota. The last does not,
of course, go along with john
son on the proposed change
in Senate rules and civil
rights legislation.
It seems, therefore, If there
is to be any real attempt to
challenge the Democratic con-
gressional leadership. it will
have to come from the outside.
perhaps from the liberal Demo-
cratic Governors of States, and
from liberal members of the
party's national committee.
Chairman Butler has an
nounced he will 60 ahead with
the advisory committee with
out the membership of the
congressional leaders. He has
said that the purpose of the
committee is not to dictate to
the party members of Con-
gress. 1t seems apparent.
nevertheless, that the advisory
committee was designed TO
become the party spokesman.
and that it was to have a
liberal voice.
The strength Of the Demo-
cratic leadership in Congress,
in a contest with the party on
the outside. lies in the fact
that the immediate reaction
of members of the Senate and
of the House is to close ranks
if attacked. How long this
tendency will survive in the
coming Congress remains to
be seen. There are signs the
liberals will take to the war
path,
Evening star., 1956-12-20
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

QUILTING agents are sometimes
called.
A cat leaves a house In the
morning with his head erect
and eyes glistening.
The very day before he may
have been chased for his very
life by a bulldog. but today he
has forgotten him.
Only when he hears the
growl and sees the creature
leaping for him does the cat
begin to show signs Of fear in
bristling fur and puffed-up tail.
These are the outward marks
of sudden fright. motivated by
almost instant glandular Sc
cretions.
A man, leaving his home,
may be fuming inwardly over
some associate at the Office,
mentally putting himself in
readiness to fight with him the
moment they meet.
In all these changes. tenn
perature of the air undoubt-
edly plays a part. since the skin
is easily cooled by both out
ward air and inner emotions.
We are, indeed. fearfully and
wonderfully made. in nothing
more so than in our response
to external thermodynamics.
as heat changes and effects are
called.
1t may be said fairly enough,
one may think, that our small
leeway in comfort, only 4 de-
grees. between "a and 78 de-
grees in winter indoors. Is a
part Of oversensitivity, mark
ing us apart from the animals,
which have more endurance.
Only the sensitive person,
irrespective Of his physical fit-
ness. can have a real right TO
think Of himself as human In
the best sense.
II he must be called neurotic
for it. let him bear the label
proudly, since everything the
world has ever known OF spe-
cial merit has been the product
Of thinking Of such a person.
Evening star., 1956-12-20

warned, prophetically it turned
out the same month, that not
imperialism in the form Of old
colonialism" but imperialism
in other forms and garbs which
may even talk in terms of free
dom and social change" was
the major menace in the world.
This was a warning from q
veteran in the war against
Imperialism that the great
enemy of humanity was Com
munist Imperialism.
His words were punctuated
then by the Communist ag-
gression in Korea and are writ
ten today in Hungarian blood.
Nehru should speak today to
the youth of Syria as he did
to the youth of Indonesia in
1850.
Evening star., 1956-12-20
Chain Bridge Squeeze

I have noted more with sor-
row than anger the letter Of
one Emerson Schmidt pub
lished December Is, and
reference to an editorial en-
titled the Chain Bridge
Squeeze" The quotation
marks are quite appropriate
as the squeeze" is entirely
synthetic.
The Chain Bridge is quite
adequate now, and will be for
many years, in its capacity to
handle the normal flow Of
traffic across the Potomac.
During the rush hours it is
not adequate, but there is
where the synthetic squeeze
enters. For misguided COM
muters such as Mr.. Schmidt,
the only ultimate solution is
that suggested facetiously by
Lars PorSena"-covering the
Potomac River within the Dis
trict's borders by a vast cul-
vert so that roads could be
extended at each Washington
street terminus at the river
across to Virginia.
Mr.. Schmidt should be in
formed that the cost of this
bridge and its Improvements is
borne by the taxpayers of the
District of Columbia, as the
D. c. line extends across the
river to the Virginia shore line.
Why should the D. c. taxpayer
pay for more bridges solely to
convenience the Virginia tax
payer?
Employees Of the CIA, since
they have adequate notice and
are supposed to be intelligent,
should be occupying the pres
ent hiatus by purchasing
homes in Virginia so their river
crossing is reduced to q
minimum.
However, if the Virginians
persist in their daily COM
muting and clamor for more
bridges solely to suit their
selfish convenience, then they
should be allowed to pay for
them. All bridges across the
Potomac within the District
borders should be made toll
bridges during the rush hours.
I'm sure Mr.. Schmidt wouldn't
object to paying two bits each
way daily, if he knew the
money was going to be used
for more bridges for his con-
venience.
HOrafiua.
Evening star., 1956-12-20

'"The Soviet Union sup
ported the cause Of peace and
liberty in the present crisis.
1t did not shirk its interna-
tional responsibilities" Thus
spoke the Syrian delegate to
the United Nations on Decem-
Der 5. His sincerity is attested
by the fact that in Syria critics
Of the Soviet Union are Jailed.
Nehru. speaking to an In
donesian youth rally in June,
1850. hit this nail on the head.
I'VE have to be on our guard
against words and phrases
which have lost or changed
their meaning" he said. He
Evening star., 1956-12-20

Modern city life has made
people comfortable only with
in a range Of 4 degrees.
When the thermometer and
thermostat say "a degrees, we
begin to feel pleased with life.
When they register 78, we
already are beginning to get
too hot.
Officially. So is said to be the
perfect temperature. but that
dictum came down from yes
teryear.
Officially speaking, the
world has not caught up with
modern heating.
Below "a degrees. we begin
to shiver.
1t all is a rather sad pass
to come to, in a life where
cold and heat alternate, and
everyone ought TO be able to
take plenty of either.
But what do we have?
Honest toilers mop their
brows at a little heat in sum-
mer. and set up an insistent
demand for air-conditioning.
II they look back in their
'own lives. they can remember
when it was 104 degrees in
Washington. time and time
again, and nobody complained.
(Well, not very much.)
This 4-degree comfort zone
ought to give all of us pause,
as people used to say. (Or did
they say 1t only in book con-
versations?)
We have often wondered
about the difference between
real life talk and book, and
especially storybook talk.
Even the greatest novelists
make all their characters talk
alike.
Henry James, evidently,
saw no difference between his
male and female characters.
when 1t came to what later
was to be called the snappy
comeback.
The greatest difference be-
tween the two sorts Of talking
is in length.
People just talking 10 each
other. even the eggheads, use
monosyllables. when they can.
and very short sentences most
OF the time.
But in books. and particu-
larly In flction. everyone
makes a speech. especially the
hero and heroine. As for tenn
perature, 1t has no effect on
the garrulity Of book char
acters.
A recent book on physical
fitness points out that most
Of Us have never known what
It Is to be really cold, or
hungry, or afraid.
Fear Is something many
manage 70 block out Of their
I lives, when 1t ought TO be felt
because II is 30 blamed natural,
Perhaps that IA q difference
between animals and human
beings.
The four-legged creatures,
especially. fear only when they
have 70.
Man learns 70 be fearful al
the time.
II there IL no physical basis
for IL, he has q hundred In
tellectusl reasons for keeping
himself In the titters. Hence,
the present vogue Of "happi-
ness pills" as the new tran
Evening star., 1956-12-20
LETTERS TO TIE STAR.

Pen names may be used u
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
Sdtion.
Evening star., 1956-12-20
Questions and Answers
By TIE HASkIN SERVICE

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