davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-22

to town the first week In May
after a month spent on the
West Coast.
Capt. Calkins represented
the Bureau of Medicine and
Surgery at the Annual Con-
vention of the American
Pharmaceutical Association in
Detroit, Mich, at the begin
ming OF April. He then went
to Oakland, Calf. on the first
lap of an inspection trip.
The Calkins are the guests
of Rear Admiral and Mrs.
John @. Owsley, at Oaknoll
Hospital this week end. They
took many messages to their
hosts from friends here.
In San Diego. they will be
the guests of Rear Admiral
and Mrs. r. M. Gillett. who
are also we'll known and much
missed here.
Capt. and Mrs. CalkinS will
visit. Mare Island. Corona, and
Camp Pendleton. While in the
San Diego area, Capt. Calkins
plans to visit various military
installations, and the Naval
Training Center.
Before returning home the
Calkins will visit Vice Admiral
and Mrs. Clarence J. Brown in
Sacramento, and Maj. Gen.
Grin H. Wheeler in Vallejo.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-22
Maryland Federation
lPlor1S Convention

The Maryland Federation of
Women's Clubs Convention
will be held at the Emerson
Hotel in Baltimore tomorrow
and Tuesday.
Delegates representing the
South Arundel Club are Mrs.
Jack Barbor and Mrs. Albert
w. Hold. Alternates are Mrs.
w. Tudor Jones and Mrs. Nell
son Smith. Mrs. Eldridge L.
Zang, president, and Mrs.
John M. Thomas. treasurer of
the Fourth District Maryland
Federation, will also attend.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-22
SERVICE NEWS
Dinner on SequoiQ
To Be q Farewell

days with Mrs. Briscoe's par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. H. L. Lewis,
at Liberty, Miss, before re-
turning to New York en- route
to Naples.
Vice Admiral Ruthven E.
Libby takes over as Deputy
Chief of Naval Operations
Fleet Operations and Readi-
ness. He was, until recently,
in command of Battleships
and Cruisers, Atlantic Fleet,
Norfolk, Va. Admiral and Mrs.
Libby sold their home in War
renton, Va, and have now
rented a house in Aurora Hills,
Arlington.
Last evening the officers of
the Division gave a hail and
farewell party at the Officers
Club, Fort Lesley j. McNair.
Due to the exigencies of the
service Admiral Libby was I'M
able to be there. He is out of
town on a business tour. Mrs.
Libby stood with Admiral and
Mrs. Briscoe to receive the
guests.
Here From England
Chief of the British Army
Staff, Brigadier H. M. Liardet,
CHE, D.S.O., who arrived
here a month ago from Eng
land, has found a house on
Thornapple street, Chevy
Chase.
Mrs. Liardet, with their son
Andrew will arrive on Tues
day from London. They leave
behind in England Sub Lieu
tenant Guy Liardet, and Tim
othy, who is midshipman.
Chief of the Medical Service
Corps, Capt. Willard C. Calk-
ms, and Mrs. Calkins return
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-22
Group Plons Visit
To Historic Home

The civics section of the
Woman's Club of Chevy Chase
Maryland. Inc. is planning
a trip to historic Hampton,
home of Revolutionary Capt.
Charles Ridgely.
The American Home COM
mittee is sponsoring a tour of
the house in Towson, Md.
The house and gardens have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-22

been restored and refurnished.
Luncheon will be served TO
the group in the private din
ing room.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-22
Cover Up

A sheer cape over a sum-
mer evening dress is a new
fashion note. Over a black
sheath, for example, goes a
floor-length black net cape,
suspended from a black beaded
band encircling the bare
shoulders. 4
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-22
Play Up Your Grooming
Glory With a Natural.
LOOIs Realistic Cold Ware

Make an appointment now to
have your hair styled by our stoff
Of couture artists, trained by the
Robert Fionce Hair Design Insti-
tute They'll recommend that you
give your hair the firmness, the
glossy base Of O Realistic Cold
Wave TO keep it beautifully man.
oeeobe.
Coll MA. $500 for on Appointment
5M Floor, Washington, 2nd Floor Silver
Spring and PARKinotor
, 1956-12-11
DR.. DE FREITAs COMING

DE FREITAS COMING
Dr.. Robert M. De Freitas,
B. a. O, D. Specialist in Eye
Examination Refraction Or
thoptics, announces that on
Tuesday, Dee. Il, from 1000
am. to 5 pm. and We'd, Dec.
u, from 1:3O to 4:30 pm.
complete o~ptometric service
will be offered to the Munici
'pality Of st. Croix.
Will be in F. ederiksted
Municipal Hospital from sec
am. until noon.
Inc latest designs IN Eye
glasses prepaid or COD.
Winter is adding misery TO the
hardships Of the Hungarian re-
fugees. Help them through Red
Cross. ST. croix Chapter Chris
iiansted.
, 1956-12-11

Who do you think is the most
rabid group Of model airplane.
builders? 1t seems the Air Corps,
and Navy cadets are. As little over,
rs per cent Of them build models
aircraft in their off-duty hours.
The current fad for pet birds.
has created a profitable hobby for
one little girl we know. She's al
bird sitter. When folks with feath-
cred pets leave on vacation they
deposit their birds with her and
she takes care Of them until the
owners return. Her fee: 81 q week.
per bird.
The news that an aircraft CONE
pany will soon produce a modern
version Of the famous Ford Tri-s
Motor airplane (called the "Tin
Goose") reminds US that Mono.
gram Models, Chicago, has created
model Of this respected old craft.
It has been reproduced in minia-
ture, exactly to scale, including
the corrugated wings and body!
that were q trademark for the
plane. Monogram tells US IL fash
Toned its model Of the Ford Tri-
Motor after the one Admiral Byrd
used on his Antarctic fight.
=
You don't have to go on an Afri-
can safari to photograph wild ani-
mails. A Cleveland man does it in,
his home town. His hobby is photo.
graphing the animals in the zoos
in circuses and in the wooded areas
Of the vicinity. He gets pictures
that look as il they were taken IN
jungle scenes.
This is apparently the season
for sea models. Monogram, the
same company that produces the
Ford Tri-Motor, has now added .
power run-about to its line, che
Waterfowl. It is not only .
conventional put-together models
but also can be used as a toy. We
mention this because the company
earlier introduced q model Of q
Star Class racing yacht, the Sea
Breeze" and promises to bring out
. racing sloop later on,I
D
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-20

The deflation Of Joseph
Stain is keeping the world
guessing not only about its
reasons but also about the
consequences.
Any impression that the
USSR is. headed for serious
domestic troubles is minimized
by those long trained to follow
and interpret Kremlin moves
and intrigues. These observ-
ers in Washington say that
Khrushchev had to push his
predecessor of his pedestal in
order to establish himself as
the real leader in the minds of
the 200 million Russians.
Khrushchev would not have
dared. according to the con-
sensus Of official observers. to
move to discredit Stain unless
he had the 100 per cent back
ing Of Marshal Georgi Zhukov,
who was recently elevated to
the Politburo and holds the
armed forces in his grip. Zhu-
kov hates Stain and his
memory because soon after the
war the Red dictator, fearing
the marshal's popularity, de-
tailed him to minor commands
amounting to practical exile,
first in the Ukraine and later
in the heart Of Russia.
The defiation of Stain has
also an international political
connotation. There is no
doubt in anybody's mind that
the present directorate in the
Kremlin, of which Khrushchev
is the sparkplug, wants to
create the impression that the
leopard has changed its spots.
While the ultimate Soviet
detectives have not changed.
the tactics of the directorate
are such as to convey the i'm
preston to the free world that
the period of aggreSsiveness is
over and that henceforth Rus
STA wants to consolidate its
present boundaries and i'm
prove its internal position. To
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-20
Inteqrution and Intermorrioges

the school boards in q COM
munity. Since the Supreme
Court itself ruled that Negro
child can be made to feel
psychologically inferior If ex-
cluded from a classroom con-
tanning white children. 1t will
be argued that the impact Of
the Negro child on the white
child has retarded educational
progress and that, therefore.
States should be permitted to
operate mixed schools or segre-
gated schools as the school
authorities in their discretion
may decide.
go Many delicate matters Of
Jurisdiction on strictly educa-
tional questions can be raised
to embarrass the Northern
States until they are finally
convinced that the only way
out is the adoption Of an
amendment to the Federal
Constitution specifically grant,
ing to the States the sole right
to pass laws with respect to
school attendance and educa-
tional standards in public
schools.
The drive for a constitu-
tional amendment to reverse
the Supreme Courts decision
will be based on the theory
that many people who want
religious schools preserved will
not wish to see the Federal
Government given complete
control over education.
One thing is clear. The legal
battle has just begun, and
"interposition" means inter-
posing many a case that will
hold up for a long, long while
the general Indignation Of
schools in the South, during
which time the movement for
an amendment to the Consti-
tuition will be pursued.
Experience with another So
cial issue - the Eighteenth
Amendments recalled. Pub
lie sentiment was gradually
built up against it, and the
Federal prohibition laws were
so universally disregarded and
resisted" that adoption Of the
repeal" amendment to the
Constitution came with amaz-
ing rapidity-within 10 months
after both houses of Congress
passed 1t. The States now have
the sole power to prohibit the
sale of intoxicating beverages
within their own boundaries.
It has become a local issue"
which is what education, too.
really was for 1855 years, until
the Supreme Court decision
of 1854.
Reproduction Rishts ReserveO
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-20
DORIS FLEESON

Liberals in both parties are
receiving a study Of present
proposals for reform of the
electoral college which charges
that they are no more and
no less than plans to gerry
mander the presidency.
The beneficiaries, according
to the study, would be the
Midwest and right-wing Re
publicans and the Southern
Democrats. These forces al
ready are in informal coalition
in the Congress where they
have put an effective brake on
social and economic legislation
since 1898.
The basis of the gerryman-
der charge is that the new
proposals, which would change
the method of counting votes
in presidential elections, trans
fer decisive power to State
legislatures. That is, the votes
would be divided according to
congressional districts which
have been fixed by the State
legislatures.
The prediction of State
legislatures for the gerryman-
der is well known. The gerry
mander is a method of arrang-
ing electoral districts so that
one party will be enabled to
elect more representatives
than they do on a fair system.
The result over the country
has been that everywhere the
influence of the rural voter
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-20
New Survey of Proposals Points
To Growing Role of Rural Voter

has been magnified at the
expense of city jewellers. This
has remained true despite the
drift to the city from the
farms which has been vastly
accelerated since the begin
ming of the last war.
In a new survey. Rural
Versus Urban Political Power"
Gordon E. Baker of the Uni
versity of California states
that Gin 1855 inequality Of
legislative representation is
solidly entrenched in all but a
handful of the 48 States. Most
urban areas are Disseminated
against in at least one house
of their State legislature and
in many cases in both houses.
He goes on to make the
point that interests that have
greater influence in constit-
uencies with inflated power
possess an obvious advantage
over those whose support
comes from areas that are
under-represented."
Liberals do not need to have
that point driven home. They
have not failed since 1882 to
elect Presidents who were
liberals, but except in the early
New Deal days, progress along
those lines has been slowed
down in the Congress until
now it is at a virtual stand
still.
The study being circulated
examines the present plans
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-20
DORIS FLEEsON
Electoral Changes Under Fire

against this background. 1t
says to Republicans that only
their most conservative men,
bers can hope to be elected
President. It tells Democrats
to expect that the South will
be strengthened within the
party but that the party's
chances to elect a President
will be greatly minimized.
The obvious result would be
to weaken the big-city States
at the nominating conventions
and in the election. This lis
indeed a part Of the appeal Of
the so-called reforms which
have been pressed by con-
servatives in Congress but
which some liberals have
adopted.
Once the Congress amended
the Constitution to pass presi-
dental electoral power to the
States, the matter would be
entirely out of its hands.
There is no constitutional
check on State legislatures;
they can do as they like. A
Federal statute dealing with
apportionment was once on
the books but it was not en-
forced.
The conclusion offered in the
study is that while the new
plans purport to dilute the
influence Of minorities in
presidential elections, they
will merely transfer dispro-
portionate influence to con-
sentative minorities in the one
party States. In the Midwest
these are Republican; in the
South, Democratic.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-20
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Khrushchev Is Safe So Long as He Has
Zhukov and the Army Behind Him

make this strategy convinc-
ing, it was essential to show
the ruthless mistakes Of the
previous regime led by Stain
and seconded by Beria.
The Soviet shift is par
ticularly important insofar as
the peoples Of the Middle East
are concerned. The Soviet
press and Soviet diplomats at
Ankara. for instance, miss no
opportunity to tell the Turks
that the frictions Of the past
were caused only by the two
megalomaniacs, s ta1in and
Beria, and their henchmen.
Khrushchev is certainly more
willy than Stain. He gives the
impression Of a good humored
grandpa. He realizes that his
people can easily be convinced
that a leader such as Stain
can become overnight a good
for-nothing so and so. This
was fully demonstrated in the
downfall Of the Gear in 1917.
For more than TOO years the
Russian people never ques-
toned the divine rights Of the
emperors, regardless of how
good or bad they were. The
Cars were not only autocratic
sovereigns but also headed the
Russian Orthodox Church. AS
such they commanded not
only respect but the venera-
ton Of the people. who until
the revolution were devout
Christians. Yet the atheistic
Bolsheviks had no serious
trouble in destroying both the
temporal and spiritual power
of those who had ruled for
700 years, and Lenin and his
successor Stain took over.
Khrushchev decided that if
it was relatively easy to do
away with the former rulers
of Russia who had enjoyed the
subServience and loyalty Of
their people for centuries,
there should not be any trouble
in dining awav with the Stain
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-20
Manifesto Rocks the Democrats

with the courts decree. In the
second place, there is the mani
festo by members of Congress
representing the national party
which declares I'VE commend
the motives of those States
which have declared the inten-
ton to resist forced pItegra-
ton by any lawful means"
How inspiring it would have
been if just one political lead
er from the Old South-where
the interposition movement
has gained foothold - had
stood up and condemned it
and announced that his re-
election was not important.
but fulfilling the promise of
democracy for equal treatment
to all our citizens under the
law was the only thing that is
important! But none dared.
The Southerners who are
cropping for fair play and JUS
tice must go outside of their
political leaders for guidance.
There, among men of goodwill
who have been working devot-
eddy in the field Of race rela-
tions, we are hearing fugitive
voices raised on behalf Of the
law, but not enough.
What it takes, and it is not
easy, is decision by an act of
will that the individual is go
ing to readjust his whole atti-
tude that came to him by in
heritance, that is literally in
his blood.
We cannot look to our tim
orous Southern political lead
ers. They have failed us in our
greatest crisis since 1860. We
can only rely in the end on
ourselves. We can no longer
hide behind legal subterfuges
and lodges and excuses about
going slow" that is, in chang
ing our own attitude. For 1t
was truly said by a great Su-
preme Court justice sixty years
ago that "the Constitution Is
color blind"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-20
Souths Fear of MongreEzotion Of
Races Is Called the Real Issue

~ hNS ASS
right to discriminate In choos-
ing members now to be taken
away from them through the
coercion of the taxing power?
The prediction that integra-
ton in the schools is far dis
tant is based on the many
avenues of avoidance available
to the South under the head
of lawful means"
The manifesto signed by
such a renowned constitu-
tional lawyer as Senator
Walter F. George. Democrat
Of Georgia, and more than 100
other members Of Congress
did not-as has been errone-
ously interpreted in many quar-
ters-advocate physical resist
ance to the Supreme Courts
decision. It is important to
examine anew the wording OF
the two most significant
paragraphs in the manifesto.
which read as follows:
1--WE commend the motives
Of those States which have de-
clared the intention to resist
forced indignation by any law
full means. :.
I'VE pledge ourselves to use
all lawful means to bring
about a reversal Of this de-
cision."
What are the wful
means? There are many.
Here are some:
Cd Case after case can be
brought in a prolonged proc
ess of litigation, and every
case can introduce a different
principle or a different ap-
proach to the problem. Mean
while, Indignation is delayed
for years. This method is
wholly lawful. -
(2) Southern States can
amend their Constitutions and
pass laws permitting public
funds to be given directly to
individual citizens for use in
educating their children in
private schools chosen by their
parents.
90 Public-school buildings
can be leased to private cor
porations, and private schools
can be established which could
discriminate against Negroes
just as do the exclusive"
clubs in the North.
"a Cases can be brought to
the courts by white parents in
support of the right of a State
to exclude from classrooms all
children who do not conform
to sociological patterns set by
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-20
THOMAS L. STOKES

Like "the fire pell in the
night" came the depressing
word into the snowy wastes
of Minnesota where we were
following the caravans of two
well-known public figures who
are seeking the Democratic
presidential nomination.
The word was about the
manifesto" signed by 10 Sem
ators and n House members
from the South attacking the
Supreme Court school inte-
grafton decision, backing up
Southern States which have
openly defied it, and pledging
themselves to use "all lawful
means" to reverse the de-
cision.
Suddenly a contest for the
Democratic presidential nom
nation seemed a somewhat
futile activity For what can
that nomination be worth
with the party more hopelessly
split asunder than in nearly
100 years, and a substantial
part of that party in defiance
of the law? The schism was
dramatized by the two candi-
dates campaigning in Mime
sofa. Senator Estes Kefauver
of Tennessee had refused to
sign. Adlai Stevenson had
condemned the manifesto.
From Democratic dissension
Republicans can gain without
lifting q hand politically,
that is. Are they willing to
let events take their course
with that political benefit in
uring to them, or do they
mean to seize the opportunity
also to do something for the
Nation in a perilouS hour?
For this they would look to
their President. 1t would help
indeed if he would take the
leadership. rise to the occasion
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-20
Johnson, Kefouver, Royburn Praised
For Refusing to Sign South,s Pleo

and try to lift the curtain of
night which is descending upon
the South as the lights go out
and the doors are locked. 1t
has been suggested-among
others by Adlai Stevenson
that President Eisenhower call
a conference of men of goodwill
from both races, from North
and South, from both parties.
to counsel together about
means to carry out the Su-
preme Court decision so as to
avoid violence. The conference
naturally would have to accept
that it must start with the as
sumption that the law must be
carried out, but recognizing
that there is latitude in the
decree of the court permitting
gradual processes.
The South's political leaders
have failed it and the Nation
miserably with a few excep-
tions. They wilted in the crisis.
Here one must recall with high
praise the three Senator's who
refused to sign-Lyndon john
son of Texas, the party leader,
and Senator Kefauver and his
Tennessee colleague, Senator
Albert Gore, as we'll as the
party's House leader, Speaker
Sam Rayburn of Texas, and IS
other House members who re-
fused to buckle to political ex-
pediency.
= Outside of them, the South's
political leadership has abdi-
Gated, and in two respects.
First, State leaders effected the
passage in several States of
"interposition" resolutions say
ing that the State will not obey
the court, which means that
men Of goodwill are locked out
at the very outset from any at
tempt to make a beginning
even in q small way to comply
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-20
DAVID LAWRENCE

1ntegration Of races in all
schools throughout the United
States is a long way OF -
years and years, and maybe
never. It is as far away or
as near as the day when
present advocates Of integra-
ton are willing to face. pos
sibly in their own families.
the real issue - the inter-
marriage of white sons and
daughters with Negroes.
The Supreme Court Of the
United States a few weeks ago
sidestepped a decision on the
issue of racial intermarriage.
For technical reasons. it re-
fused to decide whether a
Virginia State law prohibiting
intermarriage Of races was
constitutional. There are such
laws in % States. Another
case is certain to come before
the highest court soon. If it
is decided that State laws
prohibiting intermarriage are
unconstitutional, the issue will
bring even more friction than
the question of school integra-
ton.
For in the South many
people feel that legalized in
termarriages will lead to a
mongrelization Of the white
race and that the propinquity
of white and Negro children
from the kindergarten age up
through the colleges cannot
but encourage intermarriages
on the widest scale in future
generations.
The Southerners are arguing
for the right to discriminate
in their social life, and they
consider schools to be a social
institution. They point to the
recent decision of the Supreme
Court on the school question
as having been based pri-
marily on sociological grounds.
Southerners also contend
that in the North many of
the outspoken advocates of
indignation believe in and
themselves practice the right
to discriminate against Ne
groes and do keep them off the
membership rolls of the sex
elusive" clubs in New York City
and Chicago, for example, and
bar them from many country
clubs throughout the United
States, even though such clubs
enjoy certain tax exemptions
bestowed upon them by the
Federal Government. Is this