davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-05-15

him somewhere inbetween, as a supporter
Of Nehru and as something of an appeaser
Reuther, denying that he is an appeaser
made it clear to Meany in the recent con-
trovers:al meeting of the executive council
of the big union organization. that ne be-
lieved .olidly in his right to disagree with
President Meany.
Reuther went on record as respecting
the Presidents views but also believing in
his own independence to voice view of his
own.
We have long suspected. since the A. r.
l.. and c. l. O. merged, that Reuther and
his supporters had their eyes on the presl-
dency Of the big organization and consider
themselves merely biding their time by &C
cepting a vice presidential post for Reu
Their That conclusion may be unjustifled.
but now it seems that Mr.. Reuther's ag
gressveness has brought about conflict
in the united labor movement and that this
may not be the end of the affair.
1t will be interesting to see if he united
labor front can survive, for much is at
stake-for labor-and for the American
people. as whole Free men and COM
petition provide checks and ba lances.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-05-15
Serving In Germany

Specialist Third Glass Roy A.
Ayers, %. son of Mrs. NJ E. Ayers.
of Alpha, is a member of the End
Armored Division in Germany
now undergoing rigorous training
as part of the U. S. Seventh Ar
my.
Specialist Ayers is supply
clerk in Company c of the divi-
sion's 82nd Reconnaissance Bat
TALON. He entered the Army in
November 1854 and completed ba-
sic training at Fort jackson. S. c.
Ayres arrived in Europe in Deem
Der. 1854.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-05-15

The Social Security law now
makes it possible to protect yo,,r
social security account in a wav
that will maintain benefit rights and
benefit amount in spite of period
o fdSa bility This new feature was
added in the 1854 Amendments to
the Social Security Act. 1t is called
The DISABILITY freeze" provision.
Because the law was written to
apply % workers now over IS If
thev became disabled before reach
ing that aocl. as we'll as to Younger
worl efs who are now or who may
become disabled. thousands of peo-
pie Ov1r IS are now able to have
their monthly benefits refigured to
leave on. the years during which
their disability kept them from
working.
Unit, this provision of the law
came into effect. workers who had
10 earnings for prolonged period
VI disability, might find their social
sfc'rity benefits c,lt down consider
'blv or lost completely by the time
hey reached s. and were other
wise eligible to collect them
Under the new disability freeze"
provisions. worker who has been
otal!y disabled for work for six
months or more, with total disa-
hili'' which is expected to continue
ndef'riielv. can apply to have his
'ocial security record frozen as of
he tire his disability began Then.
When the time comes up for figur-
'ng up the monthly benefits payable
o him ut 6S. or to his family in
case Of his death the years when
re had no earnings because of his
disability are not counted against
him.
1t is important that those individ-
nails who are eligible for thl S
ii eeze'' establish their disability
status promptly. Applying for the
freeze as soon as possible is par
ticularly important for those people
in orGer to avoid losses to their
families in case of their death
Tie disability freeze provision
does not provide for actual cash
disability benefit payments as such.
It is more like the waiver of prem-
ium clause in a commercial insur-
ance policy
A person who has been working
regularly in Jobs covered by the
social security law can have his
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-05-15

COMBINES the great stories are buried
- on the inside pages of today's news
papers, and we are happy to mention
great drama which occurred in Charles
ton. S. c.. only day or two ago.
Mrs. @. L. Rakoske was moving her
lawn. As she pushed the NOV along. she
was suddenly bitten by copperhead
snake. which struck her on her foot.
Mrs Rako, Ike was terrified, as she
screamed and tried to shake the snake loose
from her foot by kicking. Her screams
brought young Boy Scout. playing nearby,
to the scene His arrival, it turned out,
saved her life.
Harold Murray. the scout quickly identi-
fled the snake as a poisonous one. killed it
with shovel and warned Mrs. Rakoske
that she should go to the hospital. Mrs.
Rakoske did not think the snake poi
sonous and said she would like to go in
side, but was talked out of it by the boy,
who sent another youngster for her hus-
band and an automobile. He Immediately
used a knife to apply a crosscut over the
bites Nhere had been two) and began to
suck the wounds, after applying tourni-
quet.
The lad stayed with Mrs. Rakoske in
the car as she was driven to the hospital,
sucking the blood and venom from the
wound and checking the tourniquet. When
she arrived at the hospital, doctors told
her that the bites would have proven fatal
had not she been treated quickly, and that
young Murrarys action in all probability
had saved her life.
If there was ever Boy Scout story and
an incident to prove the value of Scout
training. this is one. We are glad to re-
count such tale of genuine devotion to
Scout duty, which reflects the highest
credit on young Murray, and the Boy
Scouts-the organization responsible for
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-05-15
Checks and Balances

THERE ARE SIGNS which indicate there
is strong possibility that the united
labor movement crystallized formally last
December. may not be as united as some
assume.
In recent days, several issues have tugged
at the seams of the gather together organi-
cation, and the most dramatic inner-fight
of all was the recent conflict which arose
between President George Meany and Vice
Pres ident Walter Reuther.
The point Of disagreement, in this argu-
ment. was Mr. Reuther's appraisal OF India
and Prime Minister Nehru, and utterance
he has made on this subject since taking
recent trip to that country.
Obviously irked at some of Reuther's
statements, Meany brought the subject up
in recent meeting, and made it obvious
he resented some of Mr.. Reuther's utter
ances Many. for his part. believes the A
F. L.-C. |. O. should solidly condemn
Prime Minister Nehru's tactics, his "ncu-
trails m" and his appeasement of Com
munism.
Meany believes Reuther's utterances do
not place him in this position. but leave
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-05-15

rect decisions. saying No" or
Yes OF the right times. Our pres
ent and our future depend upon
making correct decisions. and we
cannot make them unless We are
free from worry.
One final thought: may be alone
in an open Church: l may be
quietly in my home garden; or in
the N H. woods: or by the seashore
at Gloucester. But to get the cob
webs of worry from my old brain.
I surely must be away from a tele-
phone and from other people For
give these personal words of con
fession and warning I would not
give my column this week to such
subject except for the real posi-
bility that too much worry could
be the cause of the next business
depression.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-05-15
Scout Good Turn

having taught him to identify snakes and
take the proper action in the event of bites.
It is wonderful story which should add
little warmth to the heart of everyone.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-05-15

every year. but l age more when
the Republicans are in power.
and that is in keeping with most
OF my friends. So, Happy Birth
day to me from you
l have had some wonderful
visits from Mr. Robert G. Allen,
Mr.. George Price. the first RID
carrier l ever knew. Thanks for
the visits and thanks for reading,
Yours,
j MARVIN BROWN
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-05-15

Virginia has 200 SawmillS. IA
primary pulp and paper mills. s
cooperage plants and about 70 9th
er woOd-uslng plants.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-29
Soviet Can't
End Use of

By EDWARD HUNTER

Moscow. when it blamed the dead
Vishinsky last week for the ugly
Soviet legal practice of trial by
confession. was engaging in an
other typical piece of Soviet
Sleight-of hand.
What it actually was doing was
searching for a formula by which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-29
Advantages

We can test our equipment. H
bombs, like atom bombs and con-
ventlonal explosives before them,
are being integrated into our armed
forces. Testing is the only means
OF finding out definitely what kind
OF military weapon we have.
Testing is economical. So long
as H-bomb development continues,
periodic testing is necessary to
prove out theories, and to give
scientists new bodies of information
on which to build. To force tie
scientists to work too long on theory
alone forces them into improbable
areas, perhaps even into funda-
mental errors, which are costly in
time and money.
We can diversity our nuclear
stockpiles. Although we are near
ing the saturation point in stock
plllng the bigger bangs" we have
by no means accumulated the full
range of medium and small-sized
weapons.
We can strengthen our nuclear
deterrent. The wider the spectrum
OF American H-bombs the greater
the deterrent effect on any agrees
sor. The May explosions in the
Pacific will test mainly nti-aircraft
and anti-Submarine nuclear explo-
SionS. an area at first neglected
While the superbombs were being
developed. Also we still have much
to learn about defending America
from H-bomb and A-bomb attack.
We are more likely to keep ahead
OF Russia. There is no sure way of
detecting small or mediums sized
H-bomb explosions--so there could
be no effective check on the Soviet
Union if both big powers agreed
to stop H-bomb tests.
We help TO keep the Nation de-
Tense conscious. Stopping the tests
would help the Soviet Union lull
American public opinion to sleep
IN this critical period.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-29
Disadvantages

We antagOnize some of our
friends. The japanese are bitterly
opposed to our testing H-bombs in
the Pacific. India and most of the
Afro-Asian powers also disapprove.
Tests cost money. Bringing the
vast amounts of complicated equip
ment and scientific personnel to the
testing sites - and providing the
materials for the explosion-costs
millions of dollars.
Genetic effects are uncertain.
Most Government officials contend
that the genetic effects of H-bomb
tests-as distinguished from H
bomb warfare not now believed
TO be sufficient to warrant STOP
ping the tests. But to the extent
that background radiation from H
bomb-test fallout produces gene
mutations in foture generations. a
stopping Of these tests would arrest
such genetic changes.
Americas peaceful intent is
brought into question. The con-
tinuing tests permit Soviet and
other anti-American propagandists
to paint the United States as mill
taristic.
As years of nuclear experience
increase, of course. the balance of
advantages and disadvantages will
alter. But most Democrats on Capt.
toll Hill and in the executive de-
partment. as we'll as the Republic
can administration, agree today
that the weight OF the argument
heavily favors continuing H-bomb
tests.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-29

ton of what the visitors should be
shown during their stay in the
United States. The British have
learned with some chagrin that
these are not the easiest people
in the world to impress. Show
them an airplane which carries 80
passengers $50 miles an hour and
they will show you their Mr.. Tu-
polev. You are told he builds planes
that carry ITO passengers at $50
miles an hour. Show them an
atomic energy plant and you will
hear lecture from Mr.. Kurchatov
on the controlled release of energy
by fusion that will leave you gap
ing at the scope and pace of Soviet
science. And so it goes with most
things inside Russia from caviar
to hydrogen bombs-pretty hard to
beat.
Chance for a Borooin?
Not that we feel for a moment
that there is no point in asking
the Soviet leaders to come and sec
us. One assumes, Of course, that
there will be secret top level talks
going on and that our guests will
put in a big plug for freer trade
between Russia and the United
States. While they were here they
spent a lot of time arguing how
silly it is for the West to keep list
of strategic items which it refuses to
sell on the other side of the Iron
Curtain. For their part Khrush and
Bulge offered to swap the British
anything they wanted including
the cruiser they came on. Surely
this, at least, is line worth fol-
lowing up. II we play our cards
right in Washington, who knows
what bargains might fall into our
hands? One Of those H-bomb
missiles for instance
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-29
BY EARL H. VOSS

Adlai Stevenson may have made
his first major policy mistake of
the 1856 campaign in suggesting
a halt to H-bomb tests.
President Eisenhower rejected the
idea last Wednesday. But what is
much more serious for Gov. Steven
son, few Democrats knowledgeable
in the nuclear field agree that the
tests should be stopped. Soviet
Boosting from London last week,
that the Communists are ahead of
the United States in hydrogen
bomb development, raised further
questions about the wisdom of the
proposal.
Mr.. Stevenson apparently made
this policy decision before he got
the facts of nuclear technology
straight.
Last week end he told the Ma
TONS leading editors here:
Il believe we should give prompt
and earnest consideration to stop
ping further tests of the hydrogen
bomb, as Commissioner (Thomas
Ed Murray of the Atomic Energy
Commission recently proposed" He
added that if other nations do not
follow our lead. . we will know
about it and we can reconsider
our policy"
The only flaw in that proposal
is that Commissioner Murray pro-
posed no such thing.
Mr.. Murray is the lone surviving
Democrat OH the Acc. He is privy,
presumably, TO all Acc secrets.
Thus he is. almost by definition, the
Democrats oracle on nuclear policy.
Gov. Stevenson did not consult Mr..
Murray's Office before he made his
policy declaration last week enc.
If he had. he would have learned
that the Commissioned does rot
propose hating all hydrogen bomb
tests. only tests of multimogaton
thermonuclear weapons" MI Muir
ray sees no need for bigger and
bigger" H-bomb tests, presumably
because in his opinion we have al
ready conducted enough tests to
produce weapons capable of taking
out all conceivable single targets.
In this Gov. Stevenson con-
CURED. But he apparently was not
aware that further tests of small"
and medium sized" thermometer
explosions are possible and con-
sidereo necessary. not only by the
Republican administration, but by
MI Murray.
In his testimony before a Senate
disarmament subcommittee April
II, Commissioner Murray actually
suggested an intensification in the
development of small and very
small nuclear weapons, including
whatever tests of small" thermo-
nuclear devices this would involve.
When l speak of small weapons
mean very small weapons" he
said. when 1 speak of larger
numbers I mean tens of thousands
of weapons in this range. These tens
of thousands could form broad
and solid base upon which could
be superimposed a stockpile in the
image of a pyramid of intermediate
and large size weapons. A stockpile
of this composition will support a
theory of moderate and discrimi-
mating use Of force against all ag-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-29
STRATEGIC ERROR?
Democrats Shun Plan
To Ban H-Bomb tests

erosion. including aggression that
may be minor in degree"
Last Wednesday President EiSen-
hover threw new light on the forth
coming nuclear tests in the Pacific,
now scheduled for about May 8. He
said the United States is not trying
to get bigger bang from its hy-
drogen weapons but is experiment.
ing for defensive purposes, to see
how we can use them for anti-air-
craft fire. There was some Specula-
ton that the smallest H-bomb in
history would be tested. looking to
the day when H-bombs would be
carried in intercontinental ballistic
missiles.
Other Government sources ex-
plain that the ion-eXplosion tests
now contemplated aim principally
at two things: Greater heXibllity in
weapons manufacture and more
economical production. Scientists
are working out cheaper combina-
lions of flSSlon and fusion materials
tan atom bomb is needed to trigger
hydrogen bomb. For a given
yield, measured in kilotons or mega
tons equivalent of TINT, H-pombs
are cheaper than A-bombs.
There has been an unusual
amount of confusion. not only in
this country, but throughout the
world. about the need for continu-
ing H-bomb tests. What are the
advantages and disadvantages IN
continuing them?
Here is a tabulation. based on
conversations with officials in sew
eral executive offices i'll Washing
ton:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-29

large scale I have indicated has
developed many plant managers and
high-grade technicians. This is all
creating a middle class" mana
gerial group who feel vested in
terest in their jobs and want to
keep the advantages they enjoy.
The preSsureS that these trends
have created cannot be ignored by
the men in the Kremlin. While
they have arbitrary power, they
dare not exercise it with total
disregard for the feelings and senti-
mentS. the convictions and yearn-
ingS of the people on whose efforts
the Soviet system depends.
Beck to MoIenkov Ideo?
We have already seen that Ma
lenkov when he took over the
Kremlin leadership in 1858 started
a trend toward producing more
consumer goods. Then, preSum-
ably as the effect of this began to
be felt too drastically in the field of
heavy industry and military pre-
parednesS, the trend was subStan-
TALLY modified, and in the process
Malenkov was denoted. Malenkov
is still in the Polltburo, and he may
be coming back again to a posi-
ton of greater influence. Does this
foreshadoW another round of offers
of greater material benefits? This
time will the Soviet people again
have to live on promises of a better
life or will this dream have some
reality?
The Soviet leaders have been
taking certain steps both interna-
tionally and domestically which
they hope will have a calming eff
feet on their own public opinion.
These steps are bound up with the
dramatic program of de-Staliniza-
ton. which is an attempt to re-
pudiate their erStwhile hero, die
tator, political and military leader
and expounder of the Marxist-
feminist faith.
II is not easy to predict the
direction, in broad human terms,
that Soviet society will take. The
Soviet leaders themselves prob
ably do not see clearly the final
turnings of some of the paths
down which they have set. My
guess is that modern industry,
technology and education, which
today unqueStiOnably are max
ing the Soviet Union into a very
powerful nation indeed, may in
the long run prove to be a
leaven that gradually transmutes
Soviet society into a new form
which will not tolerate the pres
ent type of dictatorship.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-29
(COntinued from PAGE A-29l

CONTINUED from Page A-29)
sensible one than trying to cram
the whole party of rs into Blair
House. The people at Claridges
were a little nervous about it at
first, what with the Russian flag
hanging outside the door and those
strengthening characters sitting
all over the lobby.
Snug os Bugs
AS it turned out. there was moth
ing to worry about. Once the
Russians were safely locked in their
suite for the night with guards
posted at every entrance. no one
would have known they were there.
And life at Claridges flowed along
in its normal channels quite un-
disturbed.
Food and special cares was no
problem, since the Russians like to
handle these details themselves. A
corner Of Claridges kitchen was
turned over to a pair of Russian.
cooks imported before the arrival
and meals were served by two wait
resSes provided from the Russian
embassy.
To be on the safe side, couple OF
doctors were included in the official
party but so far as is known their
services weren't needed.
When they are asked out, Khrush
and Bulge are willing to take pot
luck in large quantities. Thanks to
British hospitality. they seldom
went hungry, although even a Rus
sian may get tired Of eating caviar
after while.
Left to their own devices, the
Russian leaders are liable to go for
more simple fare. A typical lunch.
Smoked salmon, turtle soup. tour
nedos bearnaise, fruit salad and
cheese. washed down with red
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-29
POINTERS ON KREMLIN'S TOURISTS

Bordeaux wine. Toward the end of
the trip it was noticed that Khrush
seemed to be getting sensitive about
his weight, turning down desserts,
butter and cream with the explana-
ton that it was doctors orders"
In the matter of drink. Khrush.
perhaps for the same reason, hardly
lived up to his advance notices here
On most occasions he limited him
self to wine and sherry. although
once he allowed himself to be talked
into sampling a powerful brew
known as coronation beer.
Bulge seemed under less con-
straint than Khrush. Along with
more usual beverages, he seized the
opportunity to try out traditional
British pink gin and rum punch.
both with considerable gusto.
Depends on Mood
A lot, of course, depends on the
mood of the Russian leaders when
they come to Washington. and
this seems to vary considerably
from place to place. In London
both were much more on their best
behavior than they were year
ago during their visit to Tito in
Yugoslavia. In Belgrade the pair
rushed around like a couple of
Schoolboys on vacation = Khrush
bluff, clumsy and irrepressible.
Bulge beaming happily on every
thing in sight Here, possibly in
Difference to British temperament.
there was obvious accent on dig
nifty. The Khrushchev smile was
still there but more restrained.
Bulge struck most observers as
rather solemn and grandfatherly
most Of the time and. when he
thought no one was looking, even
little glum.
A problem arises with the ques-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-29
Some Aspects
OfCoId War

Fluctuating international tenn
peratures, due mostly to the
mercurial conduct of Soviet of
ficials, have produced crazy
weather along the battle lines
of the cold war.
On this page we augment our
international review and Mr..
NOyes' report on the Kremlin'S
peripatetic Happiness boys"
both on Page A-29, by inspecting
some points on those battle
lines-studying the Russian econ
Omy with the help of CHA Di-
rector Dulles; examining the lat
est H-bOmb debate, and c0nsid-
ering. with the aid of an expert
on Johannesburg" the curious
Russian internal upheavals.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-04-29

growth been achieved? Four fac
tors seem particularly important.
I A large part of the total ma
L tional production of the USSR
has been devoted to investment.
We estimated that "a per cent of
the gross national production went
directly into capital investment in
1855 to increase the base for flu
ture industrial growth and expand
ed military capabilities. Only Is
per cent of our gross national pro-
duction is currently being used for
capital investment purposes and
this is the highest percentage
achieved in the postwar period.
Of course it is consoling to note
that Is per cent for us amounts to
far greater absolute total than
"a per cent for them. In their case,
however, heavy industry has been
the major beneficiary and is now
absorbing about SO per cent of Their
,otal investment
Industrial plants ard equipment
IN the Soviet Union have nearly
tripled since 1910 and their invest
ments have been allocated predom-
inately to the coal, oil and electric
power industries, to Woodworking
and metallurgical industries.
y Millions of workers have been
- transferred from agriculture to
urban occupations and the agricul-
tural labor force actually declined
some 6 per cent between 1888 and
1852. This loss. despite extraordi-