davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
Did Court Strike Down State Sedition Laws?

(of State sedition laws) has been
successfully directed against an at
tempt to destroy State or local gov
eminent"
AS a practical matter all the
sedition cases in the Nations his
tory. even those prosecuted by in
dividual States, have apparently
involved activity designed to ham
per national authority. But this
does not necessarily mean that
sedition. which is usually quieter,
more subtle activity than insurrec-
ton, sabotage, syndicalism, crimi-
nal anarchy or the like, cannot be
aimed exclusively at State or local
authority.
A look at some Of the pertinent
preceding cases suggest that the
Supreme Court did not intend to
decide the point. At least these
cases were not expressly overruled,
nor did the majority opinion COM
ment on them adversely.
In none Of them, however, was
definitive judicial announcement
made on the exact question of
whether sedition can be a crime
against a single State.
Perhaps the closest that high
court has come to this question
was in a 1919 opinion Estate VS..
Tachin) Of the Supreme Court of
New Jersey. The case involved
two anarchists, Tony Tachin and
Fred Fedodoff. who were accused
Of sedition against the United
States. They had been urging the
people to arm against the American
Government which, they said, was
conducting World War I only for
the benefit Of the capitalists.
In upholding the States sedition
law, the New Jersey court said:
Primarily sedition is a crime
against the Federal Government
which is the direct subject Of at
tack; but under our system the Fed
eral and State governments are so
closely interviewer that an attack
on the former may imperil the ex-
istence OF the latter"
This case was appealed the fol-
lowing year to the United States
Supreme Court, but was dismissed
In q memorandum opinion.
Two other cases which did reach
the United states Supreme Court
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03

also have some bearing on the issue.
One Of these was a 1920 case
Colbert VS.. Minnesota in which
the legality of a Minnesota law
which forbade interference with en-
listment in the United States armed
forces was at stake. The Supreme
Court upheld the State law as being
Cd q legitimate measure Of Coop
Grafton with the national govern.
ment and CD a proper exercise Of
the police power to preserve the
peace Of the State.
The other case was 1925 deci-
sion (Gitlow VS.. New York; In which
the Supreme Court upheld the val
idity Of New York's statute against
criminal anarchy.
The Stotes' Obligation
In 1852, when the Michigan Com
munist Control Act was under at
tack in q legal test brought by the
Communist Party Of Michigan, a
Federal District Court in Detroit re-
lied upon the foregoing cases, among
others. in upholding the Michigan
statute. It held as follows:
States have. in their sovereign
capacities, an obligation equal Ito
the Federal Governmental to pro-
hibit acts intended 70 overthrow
their governments by force and vio-
lence." And 1t added: Where Con-
gress enters q field Of regulation
but does not occupy it entirely the
State Is not precluded from legislat-
ing therein in matters Of purely
State concern"
All in all, there seems to be no
compelling reason for the view that
the States have been deprived Of
their traditional powers TO cope
with disturbances which have only
internal significance.
The Nelson decision says, mainly,
that sedition now partakes Of an
International threat and hence is
predominantly q Federal response
bility as evidenced by the Smith
Act. If this is q bad or confusing
Interpretation Of the law, Congress
can and will amend 1t.
But to say that the Nelson case
has pulled the rug from under all
. States political defenses does not
appear 10 b borne out By the facts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03

vania's, there seems no question
that the Nelson case has made them
null and void insofar as they seek
to punish sedition against the
United States.
Congress Moy Clarity
What Congress is considering
now. primarily. are bills which
would say how its intent should be
determined by the Supreme Court
in the future. In other words. pend
ing legislation would provide that
no act of Congress should be judi
cially construed as multiplying par
allel State law in fields where con-
current enforcement is constitu-
tional unless the act directly asserts
such intent. This is one thing.
To say that the States can no
longer protect their own govern
ments against sedition or other
political undermining by virtue of
the Nelson decision is something
quite different.
~ may bhAh OuIs 40 oOAAAC OluAAAls
that such will be the effect of the
opinion. But the case itself does
not specify 1t.
The court pointed out that its
decision does not "limit the right
OF State to protect itself at any
time against sabotage or attempted
violence Of all kinds. Nor does it
prevent the State from prosecuting
where the same act constitutes both
a Federal offense and q State Of
tense under the police power"
Neither did the three dissenting
justices in the case seem to read
a contrary effect into the opinion.
AS they read the majority opinion.
said Justices Reed. Burton and
Minton, "the majority limits to
the Federal courts the power TO
try charges Of sedition against the
Federal Government"
Does II Exist3
The question arises OF whether
the Supreme Court meant to imply
that such thing as sedition against
a State Just doesn't exist. that
therefore all seditious activity must
be handled by Uncle Sam.
The theory gains some support
from the majority's comment that
"our attention has not been called
to any case where the prosecution
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
By DOUGLAS B. CORNELL

OAlAEIA.-The Farm Belt, I'VE
months before election day and
before his Democratic opponent
has been nominated, looks pretty
safe for President Eisenhower.
While Mr.. Eisenhower probably
won't do as well in the corn country
as in 1852, recent rains and higher
farm prices have sent G. o. P. hopes
rising like the first sprigs Of green
in the fields.
The outlook could change COM
pletely by the time the November
election rolls around. But at the
moment, talk Of a farm revolt is
mostly just talk, mostly from Dem
ocratic politicians.
So, If the election were run OF
today, Mr.. Eisenhower would be IA
vored in the corn belt to pillow under
Adlai E. Stevenson, Senator Estes
Kefauver Of Tennessee, Gov. Averell
Hartman Of New York, or anyone
else the Democrats might send
against him.
These are some of the outstand-
ing impressions collected on a trip
to sample current sentiment in
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Mis-
souri,. Kansas. Nebraska, South
Dakota, Minnesota and Wisconsin.
Nine of the 10 States-all except
South Dakota-rate among the first
IL in the Nation in value Of farm
products.
Big Political Prize
These States also rate high In
political Importance. Together they
offer prize Of 119 electoral votes
more than q fifth Of the total.
In each Of the 10, the farm vote
can be the controlling element in q
close election. And in q tight ma
tional election. the Farm Belt can
be the decisive factor. 1t was cred
tied. remember. with giving Presi-
dent Truman his upset victory in
1913.
This year, there are no indica-
lions at the moment that another
upset might be in the making in
the Farm Belt. That doesn't mean
that q political uprising against
the administration couldn't build
up among farmers in the i've
months before the election-par-
ticularly if hog prices slump again
or drought continues to besiege
States already hard hit by lack
Of rain.
The degree to which Mr.. Eisen-
hower's farm belt margin may be
cut depends partly on whom the
Democrats nominate for President.
Mr.. Hartman is considered an
outsider. Mr.. Stevenson appears
to be less popular than he was
four years ago when he ran against
Mr.. Eisenhower and lost the cleo
ton and every farm state.
Through the Farm Belt as q
whole. Senator Kefauver would give
Mr.. Eisenhower his toughest battle.
Missouri would be an exception.
A home state Democrat, Senator
Stuart Symington, would have the
best chance there against Mr..
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03

may be the indications Of something
quite different from what the
patient believes. Many persons in
the early stages Of cancer. for ex-
ample. have feeling of unnamed
and formless dread, feeling that
all is not well, even though there
are no localizing symptoms. An
xiety or worry should never be
taken as being primary. AS for
prescribing any drug, this should
be done only after an examination
by physician who is familiar with
its use. -
More Developments Aheod
The development of the drugs
we have just mentioned has led
to much research, and undoubted-
ly will lead to a great deal more
on the part of the pharmaceutical
houses. This is a healthy sign.
There is no question that the new
drugs offer much in the line of
treatment of emotional and mental
disorders in the community as well
as in the hospital. We may expect,
too. that still more will be devel-
oped which have even fewer side
effects" and possibly even more Sc
lective and strikingly beneficial re-
suits than the ones that have al
ready been developed.
The numbers on the lists grow
almost daily. We have now, in
addition to Thorazine and the vari-
Gus yalkaloids of the Rauwolfia
marketed under number Of trade
names Midtown, Equanil, Sparine
and Pacatal, to name . few. These
are all generally on the sedative
side. Another one. Frenquel, has q
very limited usage in schizophrenic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
BY PHIL YEAGER
and JOHN STARK

The April decision of the United
States Supreme Court in the Steve
Nelson sedition case is causing
about as much Juror as any in mod
ern times outside of the school seq
regation matter.
1t is widely interpreted as a deci-
sion which struck down" the sedi-
ton laws Of AZ States and two terri
tories.
1t is further being denounced in
many quarters as an act which has
left the States helpless to cope with
those who may plot for the unlaw-
full defeat or overthrow Of State
governments.
Until Congress, which is now
busy with legislation designed to
clarity this whole problem Of sedi-
ton. decides what to do about it,
controversy. over the Nelson opinion
is bound to continue at a high level.
Able lawyers disagree on what il
did or was intedded to do. How
ever. the facts give some guidance
No Constitutional Finding
To begin with, it should be en-
phasized that the Supreme Court
did not impose q constitutional bar
to State action in the field Of sedi-
ton. That Is. the court did not
make any direct Interpretation of
the United States Constitution. 1t
was interpreting q Federal anti
sedition statute. the Smith Act.
Nelson had been convicted under
the Pennsylvania law for sedition
against the United States. but the
State Supreme Court had over
turned the conviction on grounds
that the State law was imperative
in such cases due TO the existence
Of the Smith Act.
"All that is before us" said the
U. S. Supreme Court, lis (whether)
the Smith Act which prohibits
the knowing advocacy Of the over
throw Of the Government Of the
United States by force and violence,
supersedes the enforcibility OF the
Pennsylvania sedition act which
proscribes the same conduct"
The court said It did.
Since nearly all other State sedi-
ton laws are similar 10 Pennsyl-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03

------>-N-->--~---------
vilization, nameiy. alcohol, and
since Sir Walter Raleigh's return
to England tobacco has been quite
in vogue. Most of the drugs, how
ever, turned out to be habit-form-
ing or to have other deleterious ef-
fects.
Nearly all Of them, if they were
taken in sufficient amounts to pro-
duce ISOLATION, also interfered with
consciousness of the patient, and
sometimes produced stupor, coma.
or even death. Their medicinal use
has been either discontinued en-
tireIy or subjected to legal controls.
In the past three or four years
q series Of "tranquillizing" drugs
have been developed which have
the capacity of allaying anxiety and
reducing overactivity, while at the
same time not greatly interfering
with the consciousness Of the pa
tient.
The TroiIbIozers
The first of these to make a SUBJ
stantial impression in mental hos
pital work was q synthetic known
as chloropromazine, which is mar
keted in this country under the
trade name of Thorazine. At about
the same time 1t was found that
the alkaloid Of an Indian root
(rauwolfia), known chemically as
reserpine and marketed under vari-
Gus trade names. had similar eff
fects.
These drugs were hailed in men
tai hospitals. and properly so, as
almost revolutionary. They re-
duced the overactivity of patients,
made them much calmer, much
more receptive to pSychotherapy,
much more amenable to the in
fluenceS of those about them, less
destructive: in short, they changed
the entire atmosphere of the more
disturbed wards OF mental hos
pitalS.
The patients could discuss their
problems with the doctors and
were able to take part in other ac-
Invites. Their stay was shortened
by enabling many of them to re-
turn to their homes. 1t was recog-
nized that these drugs, like the
earlier ones used, were only palliR-
tiveS, and many Of the patients
who were released to the commu-
nifty had to remain on a mainte-
nance dose, somewhat as a diabetic
uses inSulin or a patient with per-
nicious anemia uses liver extract.
In a hospital the patient is under
constant supervision, and it is
therefore easy to keep the patients,
under observation and to note early
any adverse symptoms. After three
years Of observation, however, we
are still not sure Just how these
drugs act on the central nervous
system; Furthermore, a number Of
complications have been noted,
even though statiStically these have
not been highly significant.
Hailed as Ponoceo
Naturally. there was a very con-
siderable amount Of public interest.
as there always is in new treat
ments for any obscure type of dis
order. There were discussions in
the newspapers and the weekly
journals and the word was passed"
very freely among the general pub
lie. Indeed. some enthusiasts gained
the mistaken idea that here was a
panacea. good for what ails you"
Here was a new sort Of drug which
offered some relief from some of
the current emotional disturbances
and stresses. Physicians began to
use these drugs in their private
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
continued From Pare AIS

River National Forest in Oregon.
The report blasted Mr.. Davis, who
at the time of the grants was de-
partment solicitor. The Democratic
document also called on Mr.. Seaton
to instruct lesser officials in the
department that such practices
were to be avoided.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
BY WINFRED OVERHOLSER. Md.

Through the ages sedae and relaxing drugs have been
used for the treatment Of emotional illnesses ranging
serious disturbance to the mder anees
lessness commonly called nervousness"
In ancient Greece black hellebore violent purgatve
supposed to have special virtues In somewhat more
modern times opium was found effective This was followed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
Outlook in the Form Belt:
Good for Eisenhower

Eisenhower and would be q good
bet to win.
Health No Issue
Farm State voters are showing
little concern about Mr.. Eisenhow-
er's health. Among the rank and
file of both parties. there is wide
spread willingness to take the word
of the President and his doctors
that he is able to run.
The one great issue out here, un-
derstandably, is the farm issue. You
just don't hear much of anything
else.
And regardless Of this issue, Mr..
Eisenhower has q valuable backlog
OF personal popularity. A lot Of
farmers like him even though they
may not like his farm program.
His farm bill veto didn't seem
to hurt him much. If at all. A pair
Of localized random polls in adj
poining portions of Minnesota and
South Dakota came up with
exactly opposite results on that.
A majority Of farmers questioned
by the Sioux Falls, S. OAK, daily
Argus-Leader said Mr.. Eisenhower
shouldn't have vetoed the bill. A
majority Of those checked by the
Worthington, Mimi, Globe, said
the veto was right.
Farmers are split. too. over the
soil bank plan that would pay
farmers for taking land out Of
production.
There's q possibility that Mr.. Ell
senhower again will outrun the
G. o. P. ticket in November and
that Democrats will maintain or
improve on their holdings in Con-
gress.
Out in the wheat lands Of West
ern Kansas, the Larned Tiller and
Toiler sent straw ballots to all the
rural mail boxes in Pawnee County
about 1000 of them-to get an
idea of how many farmers would
vote for a Democrat for President
or Governor and how many would
vote to fire Ezra T. Benson, Secre-
tary of Agriculture.
In q country that went heavily
for Mr.. Eisenhower in 1852, about
q third Of the ballots were returned
and they ran q little less than 2 to /
for Democratic President, q little
better than 2 to / for q Democratic
Governor and nearly 3 to / for boot
ing out Mr.. Benson.
In contrast, q mock political con-
vention at Kansas State College
adopted by a heavy margin a plat
form calling for flexible farm price
supports. That's what Mr.. Eisen-
hover and Mr.. Benson have favored
all along.
Democrats Coin
South Dakota is about as Repub-
lican as Kansas. But Democrats are
showing more action and enthu-
siasm there then they have for 20
years and have managed to creep
up on the Republicans In new reg
istrationS.
Hog prices have started coming
up, the rise being seasonal in part.
Prices Of cattle, soybeans and milk
have climbed, too. Rain splashed
down on some parched patches Of
the corn belt. South Dakota Re-
publicans tell you that when it rains,
Its raining votes"
But there is another side to the
picture. Farm incomes still are
down, and so are the spirits of some
farmers. Parts of Iowa, Missouri,
Kansas and Nebraska are badly
short Of moisture and facing pros
poets Of crop failures this year.
Consequently, many farmers are
keeping what money they have in
their pockets. This has affected
business in small towns.
But how much this will mean
in votes to either party is not
known.
(ASsoeiated PresL
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03

Dr. overhoIser is superintendent Of st..
Elizobeths Hospital here and one Of the
Nations Leading psychiotrists.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03

in turn by the bromides. chloral.
paraldehyde, and the barbituric
acid derivatives, such as seconal,
nembutal. and so on.
One drug has been very COM
monty used from the dawn of CT
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-11

Clubs award from Anthony Cam
pitelli, club president. The gold
and bronze plaque is presented
ANNUALLY to the man exemplify-
ing the highest ideals of sports
manship, courage, character and
Americanism.
The presentations will climax
"a busy day for the retired
champion who will receive the
key to the city from Robert Nc
Laughlin, president of the D. C.
Board of Commissioners at noon
in a ceremony at the District
Building. Rocky also will be feted
at luncheon and cocktail party
before the dinner.
More than 700 guests, includ-
ing outstanding sports figures,
as well as ranking government
and city officials, are expected to-
attend.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-11
Orioles Repeatedly Reject
Indians Bid for Richards

a man to help Richards in the
front Office next season has not
been selected. He said he plans
to discuss the matter with Rich
ards in the next two weeks at the
latter's home in WaXahachie, Tex,
Keelty insists, Linthicum
added. that the man will not be
Buzzy Bavasi of the Brooklyn
Dodgers or Bill Dewitt, assistant
to George Weiss, general man
ager of the New York Yankees.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-11

.other experiment and began to
teach Kyasky the quarterback s
duties.
How well this experiment
worked was revealed in Army's
first two games against VMI
and Penn State. With only about
three weeks of practice, Kyasky
handled the team we'll against
the Keydets and made a few
good runs and passes. His ball
handling and taking were re-
markable for player in his first
game as quarterback. What's
more. he showed that he was
to take advantage of
blocking on his passes and that
he wouldn't get flustered in
adversely.
Last Saturday. facing much
stronger opposition against Penn
State, Kyasky looked like the
most improved player on the
field and he probably was the
difference between an Army vic
tory and defeat.
Bob still didn't look like any
great shakes as a passer-not a
Vann or Bobby Blaik, at least.
But he completed a few. one Of
which helped set up Army's first
touchdown, had a couple inter-
Icepted and ran superbly when he
decided to keep the ball.
With a 81 second sprinter at
quarterback, Blaik has changed
the traditional Army attack con-
siderably to utilize Kyasky's tai
ents on roll-out plays.
This Saturday it's rugged
Michigan that provides the
Cadets opposition and Army
followers are hoping Penn State
Coach Rip Engle's sum-up was
correct:
Army has a fine team and
can go a long way. I think
Kyasky is a better quarterback
now than Holleder was against
Navy. He did everything pretty
well, including passing"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-11
Decisive Tests
Face Inter1iuh
'Pace-Sefters
BY DICK STAY

The Interhigh Leagues West
Division, currently snarled with
three unbeaten teams Tin league
play among its seven members
will solve that situation in three
consecutive week ends, begin
ming tomorrow.
Western High has beaten
Bell, 21-6, in its only league
start. and Cardozo and Dunbar
each have won two games. To-
morrow, Western is host tC
Dunbar; next Friday Western
goes to Cardozo and the Friday
following Dunbar goes to Car
dozo.
BY the time those three re-
suits are in Western should be
out of contention, Dunbar hang
ing on the ropes and Cardozo,
the 1855 Interhigh and city CO.
champion, again in the drivers
seat.
Western Has Slim Chance
Western rates only a slim
chance of throwing a monkey
wrench into that prospectus.
Tomorrow the Raiders run into
a team which Whitewashed Bell,
$40, last week.
Other West Division games to-
morrow find Wilson going to
Coolidge and Cardozo host to
Bell. In the East Division, Ana
costa is favored to win its third
straight league start over visit
ing Armstrong; Phelps will have
its hands full at Eastern, and
Spingarn should win No. 2
against Chamberlain at Brooks
Stadium.
Coach Jesse Chase of Dunbar
is considering his game tomor-
row as one of the high points
on his schedule. Dunbar was
Ioutplayed for three quarters be-
fore rallying for two touchdowns
in the final against Coolidge,
and the high score against Bell
should mean something, but
1--WE understand Western is very
Stubborn and they'll be a good
test"
Test for Wilson
For Wilson, tomorrow's game
at Coolidge is a game of win OF
else. Injuries to Dick fash, Mo
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-11
Purdue Left Tackle
To Miss Irish Game

LAFAYETTE. Ind, Oct. IL
(P).-Sophomore Nick Mumley,
Purdue's 229-pound left tackle
will miss the Notre Dame game
Saturday.
Mumley is limping badly with
a sprained ankle suffered against
Minnesota. Junior Ed Dwyer of
indianapolis has been shifted
from second-string right tackle
to fill the hole.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-11
Tulane Scrimmuges
In Prep for Middies

NEW ORLEANS, Oct. II (P1.-
ITulane's f1rst-string team moved
through an offensive scrimmage
yesterday in preparation for Sat-
urday'S game with Navy.
| Fullback Ronnie Quillian and
Tackle Dalton Truax. were out
because of sprained ankles. but
Coach Andy Pilney expects them
to be ready to start Saturday.