davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-09-07
The Ydrdstick
Labor Day Significant
BY Msgr. George G. Higgins
HlIlNNMNNM NlNnI INInNllnN

alrous time, when labor shall
be honored and rewarded"
A year later Samuel Comp
ers, an intimate friend and as
sociate of Mcclure and first
president of the American Fed.
Grafton of Labor, developed the
same theme even more elo-
quently. Labor Day." he said,
differs in every essential from
the other holidays of the year
of any country. All other hol-
idayS are, more or less, con-
nected with conflicts and bat
ties, of mans prowess over
man, of strife and discord for
greed or power, of glories
achieved by one nation over
another. Labor Day, on the 9TH
er hand. marks a new epoch in
the annals of uman history
-. II is founded upon the
highest principles of humanity.
is as broad in its scope as the
universe All through his
tory, holiday observances and
,feasts have abounded, but il
was reserved for our time and
for the workers of our country
to first proclaim and observe
day devoted to the toilers,
the toilers' cause, the cause of
justice
Eventual Baptism"
In other words. while Comp
ers, Mcclure, and their col
leagues in the American labor
movement at the turn of the
century were militantly dedicat.
ed to a defense of labor's dig
nifty and rights, they were not
unmindful of the rights of 9TH
er groups in society, nor were
they opposed to our form of
government or our system of
private ownership of property,
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-09-07
g!LINILINILIlNINIlIIIlILIIlIIILIIIIAI

This year, for the first time,
Labor Day which was estab
lished around the end of the
last century as a secular holi
day, takes on something of the
character Of a religious feast.
For a number of years there
has been a religious tone to
the observance of La bor
Day in the United States. The
Labor Day Mass, for example
is now an established tradition
al least in the Cathedral church
in many and perhaps the major
ity of the larger industrial cit
les. Moreover, ther has been
a steady improvement in recent
years in the coverage Of the
religious side of Labor Day
news in the secular as well
as the Catholic press.
New Mass
This year, however. marks
an important milestone in the
religious observance of Labor
Day in that we are now priv
ileged, for the first time, to
offer on that day the new Mass
of the Feast of st. Joseph the
Workman. The Feast itself, es-
tablished by our Holy Father
in 1855, is assigned TO the first
day of May, the traditional La
Dor Day in every major coun-
try in the world except the
United States and Canada.
The American bishops, in pc
titioning the Holy See for per-
mission to transfer the Mass
to the first Monday of Sep
tember - selected almost 75
years ago as the date of our
own distinctively American La
bor Day-pointed out that Nay
Day is not observed as holi.
day in the United States.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-09-07
The Yardstick

II is difficult to determine
from the printed historical rec
ord precisely why Peter J. Nc
Guire, founder of the Carpen-
ters Union and originator of
our American Labor Day in
1882, selected the 'irst Monday
of September instead of the
first of May. There is reason
to believe, however, that he
and his colleagues wanted to
disassociate the American La
Dor movement from the revolu-
tionary and anti-religious con-
notations of the traditional Eu-
ropean Labor Day, which at
that time was the property, as
II were, of the Marxists.
Dedicated 10 Dignity OF Labor
Peter MCGUIRE was himself
a socialist of sorts, at least
during the early stages of his
trade union career. He was not,
however, a Marxist revolutions
ary, nor was he anti-religiouS,
in spite Of his unfortunate
break as a young man with the
Catholic Church in which he
had been baptized as an infant.
Mcclure and his associates,
who were never committed TO
the Marxist philosophy of the
class struggle. conceived of La
Dor Day in the United States
largely in spiritual terms. They
intended il TO Symh lize and
TO promote the dignity of hu.
an labor and the brotherhood
of man. II was dedicated TO
Peace, Civilization, and the
Triumphs of Industry" Nc
Guire write in 1897 on the
18th anniversary of the holi.
day. 1T is a demonstration
of fraternity and the harbinser
OF better age-a more chiv'
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-09-07

mated for the vice presidency
by either of the major parties.
General Joseph Lane of Ore
gon, Democratic nominee for
Vice President in 1860, became
a Catholic in 1867. He was fire.
quently mentioned for the pres
idency from 1850 on.
AT this years Democratic
convention the names of two
Catholics - Senator Kennedy
and Mayor Robert Wagner of
New York - were offered to
the delegates as possible nomi-
nees for the vice presidency.
Senator Kennedy made his very
Lear approach to the nomina-
ton with support from south
ern states which had failed to
support another Catholic, AL
fred E. Smith of New York,
when he was the Democratic
candidate for president in
1923. This led to speculation as
to whether or not there had
been change of attitude to-
ward Catholic candidates. The
consensus seemed to be that
there were a number of fac.
tors that entered into the sit
uation, and that all of them had
to be considered in evaluating
this particular development.
The same convention saw the
name of a third Catholic, John
w. Mccormack of Massachus-
etts, Offered as a possible nom.
inee for the presidency, but the
Congressman himself withdrew
his name.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-09-07

(and is taxable as such) and
an argument might be develop
ed that in such cases not tip
ping would be depriving the
person of his wages. Still, it
does not seem possible that
moral obligation to tip could
arise even there for in justice
we would be bound only to
pay the price listed for the
product or service received. If
the tipless person did not re-
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-09-07
Making Marriage Click
|Premarriage-a Vital Time
BY Msgr. Irving A. Leblanc

The Family Life Bureau does
not represent a fortress relig-
ion, or a stop-gap position. IL
is not a distant ivory tower,
nor a wholesale department.
Its program is positive, grass
root, modern. II is presented
with six points and will cas-
lily take six years to be set up
nationally.
Stepping Into an airplane
does not make one a pilot, nor
does a mere wedding ring work
marital miracles. Canon 1893
insists on adequate premar-
ital instructions. In order TO
facilitate this, the Bureau has
recently prepared, with the as
sistance of 25 specialists, an
l1-chapter book entitled To
,0ard Happiness and Holiness
IN Marriage. The bureau urges
a minimum of six instructions
for all engaged couples and one
for future in-laws.
Books for the Hope Chest
Recognizing woman's potent
ial as one of the very greatest
cultural influences, the Bureau
recommends to the future wife
and mother that she gather in
her "hope chest" not only fan
cy linens, but also certain
books for her continued deyel-
opment,
Some of the books suggested
are: Beginning al home. by
Mary Perkins, Hare Fun With
Your Children by Francis Hor-
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-09-07
The Washington Letter
Catholic Nearly President
him.

William Starke Rosecrans
went on to become one of the
most popular and successful of
ficerS of the Union Army in the
Civil War. In the spring of
1863 he declined an invitation
70 run for the presidency. At
the Republican National Con-
vention of 1864, in Baltimore,
Abraham Lincoln received the
presidential nomination for a
second term. There at once
arose a strong demand for a
military man to fill the second
place on the ticket. James A.
Garfield of Ohio, who later
became president himself, had
it in his power to dictate the
choice of a vice presidential
nominee.
Garfield telegraphed General
Rosecrans as follows: "Vice
presidency going a-begging;
will you accept? Answer. Cen
eral Rosecrans telegraphed his
acceptance. But, the wire was
never received by Garfield. 1t
was later disclosed that the
message had been suppressed
by the then Secretary of War
Stanton, whose enmity General
Rosecrans is said to have in
Cured some time earlier.
AS a consequence, Andrew
Johnson received the nomina-
tion. When Lincoln was assass-
mated, he succeeded to the
presidency.
So far as can be ascertained,
no Catholic has ever been NOM
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-09-07

WASHINGTON - Events of
recent weeks have served to
recall the little known story of
a famous Civil War general, a
convert to the Catholic faith,
who came near to being the
first Catholic President of the
United States.
But for the Intervention of
one man, who held up the
word that the General would
accept the nomination, he al
most certainly would have been
Vice President of the United
States. The candidate for Pres
ident was elected and died in
office. The General would have
succeeded to the presidency.
His case comes to mind now
largely because another Catho-
lie, Senator John F. Kennedy of
Massachusetts, came within a
few votes of winning the NOM
ination for vice president at
the 1856 Democratic National
Convention.
General William Starke Rose
Grams, native of Kingston,
Ohio, was converted to Cathol-
icism in 1845, while serving on
the faculty of the United States
Military Academy. His brother,
Sylvester Horton Rosecrans,
followed him into the Church,
became a priest, edited the
Catholic Telegraph, was
named Auxiliary bishop of Gin
cinnati in 1862 and became the
first Bishop of Columbus in
1863.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-09-07

wich, Marriage a Great Sucrn-
n1ent by Canon Jacques Le-
clercq, Of SdcramentS and Sac
ytftce by Rev. Clifford Howell,
S.J., Parents, Children and the
Facts Of Life by Rev. Henry v.
Sattler, C.SS.R., Reading for
Catholic Parents by Frank ].
Shead, The Year and Oar Chill
dren by Mary Reed NewIand,
Virtue IN the Catholic Home by
Rev Bernard A. Sause, O.S.B.
Engagement - The Catholic
Wdy, a Bureau pamphlet, re.
minds a couple that they are
about to administer Matrimony
probably the first and only
sacrament they will ever per-
fOrm-and that they will give
10 each other graces no priest
could give them. Some sug-
gestions are made to help them
appreciate this Sacrament. A
couples holy hour is proposed.
Catholic-worded wedding invi-
t3tions, which include the re-
Guest that friends receive Holy
Communion with the bridal par
ty, are urged. The Magnificat,
Mary's own nuptial song, they
are told, fits into every Catho-
lie wedding.
Two Vacations Stressed
During this whole premar-
riage period the mans role
must be stressed. He is to be
the sanctifier, the builder, the
provider, the legislator, the
teacher. the disciplinarian. In
practice il means that he says
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-09-07

II was, of course, their earnest
hope and confident expecta-
ton that Labor Day would dra-
Matte the Importance and
necessity of strong and effec-
tive labor organizations.
But the purpose of these or
CARNATIONS, as they conceived
of them, was not to destroy the
American political or economic
system but rather, in the words
of Gompers, to enable the
workers Ito participate in the
results" of the system on a
more equitable basis so that
that happier, truer life among
men may soon be ushered in
- that day of which poets have
sung, philosophers dreamed
and workers struggled for for
ages"
II was natural and almost
inevitable that this sort of Sec
ular holiday, based as il was
on sound principles of the Nat
ural Law, eventually should
have been baptized by the
Church and gradually trans.
formed into a kind of religious
festival. Now that the process
has been officially sanctioned.
81 to speak, by the transfer of
the liturgy of the new Feast of
st. Joseph the Workman to La
lor Day, there is every reason
10 anticipate a tremendous in
crease in the number of Labor
Day Masses throughout the
United States, even at the To-
cal parish level.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1956-09-07

ceive sufficient income that
would be primarily the respon-
sibility of the employer. In
practice a good Christian
should follow the established
custom, giving a tip that is con-
sidered average or conventions
al.
Send questions to Father Ed-
ward F. Healey, Inquiry Cor
ner, The Catholic Times, Box
636, Columbus (16) Ohio. II
Montana farmer-stockman., 1956-09-01

was per cent less than year previous
and smallest in four years. Feeding
profits, after allowing for the wool pay
ment of n cents a cwt. which most
finishers are now receiving, appear to
have been near the average of recent
years.
The supply of western lambs in feed
er flesh probably will be larger this
year. Recent feeder movement into
the Cornbelt was greater and feeder
lamb prices have been a little higher
than year previous These conditions
suggest that interest in lamb feeding
is rather strong.
If the supply of fed lambs is only
slightly larger than in the past season,
prices are likely to average a little
higher because of the smaller supplies
of other meats.
Profits of finisherS may average
as high as last season if they buy
feeder lambs enough cheaper to
offset the smaller wool payment
they will receive and if fed lambs
sell enough higher than last season
to offset a probable increase of
to 10 per cent in feed costs.
Just how the changes in the various
cost and price elements will work out
remains to be seen. They may vary
considerably for different finiShers de-
pending on when the feeding operation
is started and ended.
Last season, the late fed crop was
most profitable, reversing the ex-
perience Of the 1954-55 season when
early feeding paid best. TO this observ-
er, it seems likely that profits in the
season ahead will be most certain on
lambs started rather late and finished
Montana farmer-stockman., 1956-09-01

brains like l have got, I've learned
to my dismay, is not enough to make
your farming pay in this new scien-
tific day. What's needed now, the
way it looks, is lots of know-how
learned from books; you've got to
know your chemistry and all about
agronomy. It's apt to cost you
mighty dear if you are not an engi-
neer. Success amt likely to be won
les you're a veter' marian.
I'm just as smart as those who've
had a chance to be college grad,
but no diploma on the wall, so l get
not respect at all. Whenever there
are bugs to kill or some old COW
requires a pill, when there's machin-
cry to fix or some new-fangled feed
to mix, Marandy don't heed what I
say, she hires an expert right away.
This also means that I'm assigned
the dirty jobs of ev'ry kind that take
just Drawn, not brains, to do and
make me awful tired too. So | am
thinking seriously of going back to
school, by gee.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1956-09-01
Outlook Is Optimistic
For Sheep Earnings
By GILBERT GUSLER, Marker AnaLra
BY GILBERT GUSLER, Marker AmaIya

by deductions from wool incentive pay
ments, is trying to turn more of this
consumer demand toward lamb. In
the past many never ate lamb. In 1854
over three-fourths of the lamb meat
was used in seven states: New York,
California, Massachusetts, Pennsyl-
vania, Illinois, New Jersey and Michi-
gan. Hence, there's room for much
improvement in outlets for lamb meat.
With less pork and upper-grade
beef but more poultry than last
year, fat lamb prices in this period
probably won't differ much from
those in 1855, unless drOuth forces
heavy selling. Prices for fat lambs
will depend partly on demand for
feeders which will affect the pro-
portion going into slaughter chan
nels. For lambs sold for feeding
as well as these sold for slaughter,
growers win later receive a wool
incentive payment on the weight
sold. This will bring up their total
returns.
From December through April. fed
lambs will dominate the supply. It's
too early to be very positive about the
volume of lamb feeding next winter.
The number on feed last January l
Montana farmer-stockman., 1956-09-01

DeCCer ana IlnlSnerS may at least equal
last seasons near-average returns.
Lamb prices in the next II months
probably will average slightly higher
than in the past year. Returns from
wool will be about the same to slightly
higher. But feed and some other costs
of both grower and finisher also are
likely to be higher. Any increase in
net incomes may be small.
Sheep production continues at rela-
lively low level. The number of stock
ewes, including eve lambs, increased
about two million head because of the
Korean War rise in lamb and wool
prices, but it then declined nearly a
million head when earnings fell in 1852
and 1858. Numbers have shown only
minor changes in the last two years.
Farm flock owners in both native and
western states have expanded slightly,
but large-scale range flocks declined.
While stock sheep numbers have
declined since early 1852, the lamb
crop has increased in each of the
last six years, as better manage
ment and care raised the lanbing
percentage. This years crop of
20,42S, 600 head, equal to 95 per
cent of the number of yearling and
older ewes, is up per cent from
a year ago and IA per cent from the
low point in 1850, but is still 81 per
cent less than in 1941 when the
sheep industry was at its aIl-time
peak.
Although the total lamb crop is up 1
per cent from last year, the early crop
was off 2 per cent. Slaughter since
May, when new crop lambs begin to
make up major part of the supply,
has been relatively light. Hence, the
number of lambs still on hand proba-
bly, is up more than. 1 per cent from a
year ago.
The number that will come to mar
ket will depend on whether producers
hold back more than the usual number
of eve lambs to expand flocks. Flock
owners are now receiving their incen-
tive payments on 1855 wool production.
These amount to over $1.5O on the
average fleece and n cents cwt on
lambs and yearlings sold for slaughter
in the year ended March 81, 1856.
They may encourage some growers
to expand and the starting of some
new flockS. Current prices for breeding
a year ago, indicating slightly stronger
interest in sheep.
ewes appear to be little higher than
The incentive to expand is not
very strong, however. Returns from
flOcks do not look appreciably bet
ter than from other classes of live
stock that could use the same re-
sources. DrOuth is barrier to ex-
panSiOn this year in the central
and southern Great Plains and parts
of the Rocky Mountain area. Slaugh-
ter of ewes in 1856 has been about
the same as in 1855. If more eve
lambs are held back, the change
probably will be rather small.
While market supplies of lambs in tn
next eight months seem likely to b
slightly larger than year previous
demand also is likely to be greater
About IL per cent more consumer
with more money will be buying 6
meat counters or public eating place:
The promotion campaign of the Amel
Montana farmer-stockman., 1956-09-01

or the late winter market
The accompanying chart shows that
laughter lambs tend to be highest in
ate winter and spring. The peak in
Tune is due to the fact that the dorni-
liant supply changes to spring lambs
which outsell the tail end of the fed
ambs. Feeder lamb prices tend to
advance from July to September, level
,ff through the rest of the year and
Use from December to March. Con-
racting feeder lambs in July for fall
delivery looks like better deal for
he buyer than for the seller.
Starting next April, supplies will
begin to depend on the early 1857
lamb crop. ANY change in its size
from this year is likely to be small,
but more may be ready for the
spring market. Also, more fed
lambs may be carried into that
period than this year. However,
supplies of other meats will be less,
SO that lamb prices may be about
as good as they were this year.
While any change in returns from the
average flock is likely to be small in
the year ahead, there is always a
chance for individuals to greatly in
crease their flock earnings by getting
larger production or lowering cost.
Having a detailed production program
covering the timing and action to be
taken in all phases of the operation
from selection of breeding stock through
marketing of the lambs produced is
likely to lead to best results.
A high percentage lamb crop is a
must for low cost. Select breeding
stock for prolificacy-a tendency to
throw twins-if you're farm flock
owner. Flush ewes at mating time. Use
heavily-muscled rams and use enough
of them. AS soon as they can be iden-
titled, remove and sell ewes that failed
to settle. At lambing time, provide the
shelter and do the things necessary ia
save the crop.
III your facilities permit, aim for
early lambs to get the higher prices
usually paid for them and to bring
about more uniform market sup
plies during the year. Creep-feed
lambs until pasture is ready and
give ewes plenty of making
feed. Stop grain for both lambs
and ewes when you turn on lush
pasture. Dock and castrate on
time. Again this year, ram lambs
are being discounted about 81 cwt.
Good pasture in early spring and lat,
fall as well as in late summer whel
bluegrass dries up will reduce fee
and labor costs.
Feed phenothianized salt at all time
to control stomach worms. Drench eve
before they go to grass and both eve
and lambs about six weeks after graz
ing starts.
Pick up feeding and breeding stoc
when demand is slack. Craze dow
the cost of early feeders if 70
have cheap fall forage. Don't pus
grain to feeder lambs too fast or yo
may have deaths from ''overeatin
disease" Keep in touch with new di
coveries on feeding and apply thos
which are practicable in your operation
Montana farmer-stockman., 1956-09-01

Slaughter lamb prices tend to be high
est in June and lowest in October.
Feeder lamb prices tend to be highest
in early spring and lowest in July with
another weak period in NOvember-De-
cember.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1956-09-01

THESE DAYS a youngster is
fool if he don't plan to go to school
until he's garnered degree from
some good university. Just having
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18
Wants
Force

NEW ORLEANS, Nov. II tR
Admiral Arleigh Burke. say
ing the Middle East crisis may
last "for a long time" called
today for more men and ships
to back up our forces at sea. .
Admiral Burke, chief Of naval
operations. said the Navy is fac
ing heavier commitments at a
time when "our fleets are already
operating at maximum effort"
In speech prepared for a
national Navy League meeting
Admiral Burke said the Navy
finds itself lin real need OF more
ships" He spoke Of "a press
ing Decessity for the Navy to
train more men and put more
ships in commission to back up
our forces at sea-"
The Admiral said the tension
in the Middle East may prevail
for a long time" The troubles
in rnat part of the world, he
added. have been years in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18
Lodge Gift From Spain

MADRID. Nov. II (P.-Span-
ish school children have pre-
sented so albums illustrated by
hand to United States Ambas-
sador John Davis Lodge to ac-
knowledge a free lunch program
in Spanish schools conducted
with donations from the United
States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18

asked for reconsideration of the
matter in a letter to the assem-
bly, president, Prince Wan Wal
thayakon of Thailand.
The assembly voted 47-24 Fri
day not to consider any pro-
IpoSalS this session to exclude
Nationalist China or seat Red
China.
In his letter. Mr.. Lall noted
that was less than the two
thirds vote required for deci-
lsions on important questions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18

lleaped to the platform and ad-
vanced on him.
She was hustled of by de-
tectives as she shouted:
How many times are you
going to scuttle from Suez?"
Later. a man in one of the
boxes that overhang the hall
interrupted the minister and q
woman in the gallery also
shouted. They were rushed out
while Sir Anthony observed from
the platform:
ut would be a dull world if we
all thought the same way"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18
India Presses
Red Chino Bid

UNITED NATIONS. N. Y,
Nov. II tP.-1ndia tried again
today to get the U. N. General
Assembly to take up the issue of
whether to seat Communist
China.
Indian Delegate Arthur Lall