davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-09
2. Surplus
Disposal

Production adjustments ef-
fected by the Soil Bank are
needed to halt current additions
to surpluses. and to reduce
stocks on hand. But additional
relief must be obtained from the
price-depressing influence OF
these huge carry-overs. In Pub
lie Law 480 the Congress has
provided basic legislation for
this purpose, The problem still
exists, but not for lack OF Wig
orous efforts to deal with it.
Surplus disposals have per-
mitted substantial reductions in
Commodity Credit Corporation
stocks of butter. dried milk, cot
tonseed oil and meal. flaxseed
and linseed oil and seeds. Sur
plus disposals by the Commod-
ity Credit Corporation have ris-
en- from just over half a billion
dollars in fiscal 1858 to more
than $l.4 billion In fiscal 1854,
and to more than $2.l billion
in fiscal 1855.
In the last fiscal year sales Of
government owned price sup
ported commodities increased by
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-09
"A. The Acreage
Reserve Proqrun,

I recommend that the Con.
gress consider a voluntary addi-
tional reduction In the acreage
of certain crops which today are
in serious surplus-wheat, cotton,
corn and rice.
| In considering the application
of this program to each Of these
crops, the Congress will wish to
accord special attention to their
distinctive problemsLnotably in
the case of corn--as set forth
later in this message.
do not propose this program
as a device to empty Government
warehouses so they may be filled
again. There is. therefore, q
basic corollary to the acreage re-
serve program: In future years
we must avoid, as q plague, farm
programs that would encourage
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-09
Main ProbIem-SurpIus

principle OF price hexibillty Il
help keep commodity supplies il
balance with markets. That
principle is sound and essentia
to a well-rounded farm program
For two reasons. the 1854 Law
has not yet been able to MAKE
its potential contribution Il
solving our farm troubles. First
the law began to take hold only
with the harvests of 1855: it ha.
not yet had the opportunity tt
be effective. Second, the opera.
ton of the new law is smotherec
under SURPRISES amassed by the
old program.
The attack on the urplus
must go forward in full recog-
milton Of the fact that farm pro-
ducts are not actually marketed
when delivered to and held by
the Government. A Government
warehouse is not a market. Ever
the most storable commodities
cannot be added forever to Gov.
eminent granaries, nor can they
be indefinitely held. Ultimately
the stockpiles must be used.
1t is unthinkable to destro,
food. Instead, we must move
these stocks into domestic con.
sumption or dispose of then
abroad. Neither route under
present conditions offers the re.
suits often expected. Surpluse.
moved domestically almost al.
ways compete directly witt
crops farmers are trying to sell
Moved abroad in quantities large
enough to remedy present diff.
culties, they would shatter worlc
prices and trade. injure oul
friends and undermine domestic
prices as well.
To be sure, outlets for some
OF the surplus exist both at home
and abroad. But experience ha!
amply proved that neither the
home nor foreign market can
under present conditions, read.
lily absorb the tremendous stock.
now depressing our agriculture
Clearly new action is impera
tive. We must stop encouraging
the production of SURPRISES. We
must stop shifting acres from
one crop to another, when such
shifts result in new SURPRISES
Nor can crop problems be con.
verified into millstones weighins
down upon the producers Of live.
stock.
Remedies are needed now, ane
it is up to the Administration
and the Congress to provide then
swiftly. AS we seek to go for
ward, we must not 60 back tt
old programs that have failec
utterly to protect farm fam,
lilies.
recommend, therefore, thu
following nine-point program.
urge the Congress to pass thil
program with maximum speed
for delay can only aggravate anc
multiply the difficulties already
sorely harassing millions Of oul
rural people.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-09

to our entire social order. We
must keep it healthy and vigor-
Gus.
Efforts toward this goal have
been unremitting. Many new
foundations of permanent value
to all farm families have beer
laid in the past three years. Two
years ago a new farm law was
enacted, designed to gear agri.
cultural production incentives tc
potential markets, thereby Civ
ing promise to our farm people
Of a stable and dependable fu-
ture once the wartime inherit
ance Of SURPRISES is removed
from the farm economy. Loar
programs have been substantially
improved, enabling many more
farmers to acquire family sizec
farms and to improve their farms
and homes. The benefits of So
cial security protection have beer
extended to farm families. The
return of the Farm Credit Ad-
nninistration to farmer control;
expansion of soil conservation
assistance and rural electrified
ton and telephone programs: in
creased funds for research and
extension work; initiation of new
programs to aid low-income farm
families; adoption of tax provi-
sions Of benefit to farm people;
increased storage facilities; up
stream soil conservation pro-
grams: greatly expanded dis
poSal activities for surplus farm
products; strengthening our De-
partment Of Agriculture repre-
sentation overseas in the interest
of expanded marketS-these and
other advances have permanent
ly reinforced the foundations OF
all agriculture.
Yet, beneficial though these
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-09

Our most pressing need today
is to work off our surpluses sc
that our basic program of 1854
can succeed in gearing produc-
ton to prospective markets al
fair prices. A three-pronged at
tack is needed.
First, future production Of
crops in greatest surplus must be
adjusted both to the accumu-
lated stocks and to the poten-
tial markets.
Second. producers of other
crops and of livestock must bt
relieved Of excessive production
from acreage diverted from sur.
plus crops.
Third, lands poorly suited tt
tillage, now producing unneedec
crops and subject to excessive
wind and water erosion, must be
retired from cultivation.
These essential adjustments
can all be FASTENED through g
Soil Bank Program. I recon-.
mend Soil Bank OF two parts.
The first is designed to NEE
the immediate need to reduce
the crops in greatest over-sup.
ply. 1t may be called the Acreage
Reserve Program.
The second part is . long.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-09
about q billion during the Ascal

about 81 billion during the Ascal
year.
Because the problem contin-
ues to be so serious and stub
born, the Secretary of Agricul-
ture is appointing an Agricul-
tural Surplus Disposal Admins
traitor who will report directly
to the secretary. The duties OF
the administrator will relate to
all activities Of the department
associated with the utilization
of Commodity Credit Corpora
ton stocks and Of our current
abundant production.
Expanded opportunities will
be sought to barter agricultural
products. which deteriorate and
are costly to store, for increased
quantities of non-perishable
strategic materials. Additional
legislation may be needed in this
field.
The bulk of price-supported
commodities held by the Gov
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-09

induced by feed-grain production
on diverted acres.
It will similarly provide pro-
lection for producers Of the
many small-acreage crops whose
markets are threatened by even
"a few diverted acres.
In combination with the Acre
age Reserve program for crops
in surplus, the Conservation Re-
serve program will help during
the next several years to reduce
the total volume of farm pro-
duction and improve the balance
among different farm commodi-
ties, both Of which are important
TO a general improvement in
farm prices.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-09

eminent cannot now by law be
sold into the domestic market
except at prices equal to at least
los per cent Of the support price
plus carrying charges. This re-
striction has worked to the dis
advantage of both farmers and
the Government by blocking
sales that would clearly have
been advantageous to both.
recommend legislation to permit
under proper safeguards, sales
at not less than support levels
plus carrying charges.
Present provisions Of surplus
disposal legislation permit ex-
port dispositions Of Government
stocks to friendly nations only
Opportunities clearly to our in
terest may develop in the future
to sell to countries excluded by
this legislation. To enable us to
realize on such opportunities ]
recommend repeal Of section 304
of Public Law 480.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-09

or the many difficulties that
aggravate the farm problem
mountainous SURPRISES oversha-
dow everything else. Today's sur
pluses consist of commodities
produced in volume impera-
lively needed in wartime but I'M
marketable in peacetime at the
same prices and in the same
quantity.
The plain fact is that wartime
production incentives were too
long continued.
During the past three years.
there has been no lack Of effort
to get rid of surplus stocks. Dis
posal efforts have been diligent
and vigorous. Vast quantities
have been moved-much Of them
given away. In the past three
years we have found outlets for
commodities in a value of more
than four billion dollars - far
more than in any comparable
period in recent history.
But these disposal efforts have
not been able to keep pace with
the problem. For each bushel-
equivalent sold. one and a half
have replaced it in the stock
piles. Farmers, the intended ben
eficiarieS of the support program,
today find themselves in ever
growing danger from the mount
ing accumulations. Were it not
for the Governments bullying
stocks, farmers would be getting
far more for their products today,
Exports Have Declined
Other consequences Of the past
farm programs have been no less
damaging. Both at home and
abroad, markets have been lost.
Foreign farm production has
, been increased. American exports
have declined. Foreign products
have been attracted to our shores.
Steadily this chain Of events
has heightened. Our farmers
have had to submit to drastic
acreage controls that hamper
efficient farm management. Even
these controls have been self
defeating, because acres diverted
from price-supported crops have
been planted to other crops.
These crops have been thrown
into surplus and their prices
have declined. Today, almost
without regard to the livestock
or crop he produces. nearly every
farmer is adversely affected by
our SURPRISES. The whole pro-
cess, for instance, has contrib
uted to the present plight of hog
producers.
When three years ago this Ad-
ministration assumed its respon-
sibility in agriculture. work was
begun Immediately on what be-
came the Agricultural Act of
1854. That Act was developed
and passed with bipartisan sup
port. as all our agricultural legis-
lation should be.
The 1854 law brought realism
into the use of the essential tool
Of price supports. 1t applied the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-09

advances are, persistent and
critical farm problems require
prompt congressional action in
this session.
Remedies for these problems
demand a clear understanding
of their principal causes. These
are:
First-Production and market
distortions, the result Of war;
time production incentives toe
long continued;
SecOnd-Current record live
stock production and near record
crop harvests piled on top OF
previously accumulated carry
overs:
Third-Rising costs and high
capital requirements.
In short, we have an over
of commodities which
drives down prices as mounting
costs force up from below. Thus
is generated severe price-cost
squeeze from which our farm
people, with the help of Gov
eminent, must be relieved.
We must free the farm econ
omy from distortions rooted In
wartime needs and thus enable
our people In agriculture to
achieve prosperity; in SO doing
they will help carry the Natl {
prosperity to still greater heights
The administration and the
Congress must move together to
achieve this goal.
The requirements are clear
New means are needed to reduce
SURPRISES and to widen markets
Costs must be cut and produc-
ton must be better balanced
with prospective needs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-09
B. Wheat

The problems of wheat arr
difficult and complex. The pro.
posed Soil Bank. with its Acreage
Reserve Program. will make q
major contribution toward Their
solution. This program is par
ticularly well suited to wheat
since this crop is grown in large
acreage and Is now burdened
under an accumulated carry
over in excess OF q full years
needs. The Conservation Re-
serve Program and the Great
Plains Program. described later
will also help. Other changes are
necessary also, both for current
adjustments and for long-term
balance between production and
consumption.
ca Legislation already has
passed the Senate and is pend
Ing in the House Of Representa-
tives which would exempt from
marketing quotas those pro-
ducers who use for feed, food
or seed on their own farms all
the wheat they raise. Because
of the failure to pass this legis-
lation last year, the Department
of Agriculture has been com.
PEELED by law to hale before the
courts farmers whose only Of
tense was to raise and feed
wheat outside their quotas
Again the administration urges
prompt enactment Of this legiS.
lation. Correction Of this prob
lem should be delayed no longer
(b) Historically a significant
proportion of the annual wheat
crop has been used for livestock
feed. The quantity fed In pre-
World War II years ranged from
100 to $50 million bushels a year,
about twice the quantity fed In
more recent years. This reduced
consumption has aggravated the
surplus burden.
I recommend that the Con-
gresS give consideration to au-
thorizing the annual sale for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-09
3. Strengthening Commodity
Programs

Our frontal attack on the
problems OF SURPRISES, diverted
acres. unbalanced production and
|unwise land use Is carried in
major part by the Soil Bank
through the Acreage Reserve and
the Conservation Reserve Pro-
grams.
These proposals are wholly In
keeping with the fundamental
principles Of sound farm policy
set forth in my special agri-
cultural message of two years
ago. In keeping with these prin-
Iciples the administration:
ca Whenever possible will
continue to ease or eliminate
controls over farmers; and
(b) For commodities on
which price supports are dis
cretionary, will continue to
support these prices at the
highest levels possible without
accommodating new price-de-
pressing SURPRISES.
In keeping with this latter
principle, I am advised by the
Secretary Of Agriculture that,
as a direct result of operation
Of various parts of our present
farm program, the supply and
demand conditions for soybeans
and flaxseed are now such az
to warrant an increase in the
price support levels for these
crops In 1856. The higher sup
port levels will be announced
shortly.
In respect to other commodity
programs I submit the follow
ing specific regulations.
"A. Corn
In recent years many farmers
have chosen not to observe
acreage allotments on corn
Considerably less than half Of
the 1855 crop was raised within
acreage allotment limitations
and thus eligible for price sup
port. 1t is apparent that price
supports alone, even at levels
closely approaching the legal
maximum, are an insufficient
inducement for participation in
a corn acreage allotment pro-
gram.
I recommend therefore tina,
the Congress give serious con-
sideration to adapting the Acre
age Reserve Program to corn
One grave difficulty must be over
come. Unlike wheat and cotton,
most Of the corn crop is fed on
the farms where 1t is produced
For this reason. marketing
quotas such as are used on
wheat and cotton are not
feasible.
Thus, broad and effective
participation by corn producers
in an acreage allotment pro-
gram is imperative for the
Acreage Reserve Program to
achieve its objective of reducing
the corn surplus. With broad
and effective participation, in
both programs. the Acreage Re
serve Program for corn would
q. reduce the carryover stocks
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-09

TO THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES:
In this problem before the Congress demands
attention than the paradox facing farm families Al
though agriculture industry they find their
depressed amid the Nations prosperity For five
their has declined Unless corrected these
nomc reveals direct threat to the welbeing of all
people
But than prices and incomes involved In America
agriculture than industry it is of life Through
history the family farm has given strength vitality
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-09

which currently depress the
market,
b. make possible q higher level
Of price support than would
otherwise prevail for the 1856
crop. and
c. reduce the incentive to
farmers to produce excessive
supplies Of hogs and fed
cattle.
If the Congress should choose
not to authorize the Acreage
Reserve Program for corn, thu
Congress may wish to consider
an alternative; to eliminat,
acreage allotmentS for corn anC
put price supports for corn OF
a discretionary basis comparabl,
with the other feed grains. Will
no acreage allotments and with
discretionary supports. all corr
producers would be eligible fol
price supports at a level sub.
stantially above the marker
price which prevailed during tn,
1855 harvest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-09
!. The Soil Bank

range attack to achieve better
land use and protect farmers
and ranchers from the effects Of
. production on acres already di.
verted. 1t may be called the
. Conservation Reserve Program.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-09
Eisenhower Message
On Farm Program

Following the tert of President EisenhoDers
TO Congress today on his farm program:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-09
D. Rice

Under the law. accumulated
supplies Of rice have required q
40 per cent reduction in acreage
for 1856 compared with 1854.
Continued on Page AS
Arizona sun., 1956-12-06
OUAKERS DEVELOP PLAN TO
AID N. c. DESEGREGATION

~ :. I.
B. Tartt Bell, Executive Sec
retary Of the American Friends
Service Committees Southeast
ern Regional office in Green's
boro, N. c., has announced the
appointment of a committee to
guide a recently established pro-
gram on the public schools.
Members of the committee are:
G.. Mcleod Bryan, Professor of
Philosophy, Wake Forest Col
lege, Winston-Salem, Marc
Friedlaender, Professor of Eng
lish, Woman's College of the
University of North Carolina,
Greensboro, Joseph S. Hines,
Professor of Sociology, North
Carolina College, Durham, Mrs.
David D. Jones, wife of the late
president of Bennett College for
Women, Greensboro, Atty. James
Mattocks, High Point, w. I. Nor
ris, Field Representative of the
North Carolina Teachers AsSo-
citation, w. Carson Ryan, Profess
sor Emeritus of Education, Uni
versity of North Carolina, and
David Stanfield, Minister of
Springfield Friends Meeting,
High Point. eve start, says
Bell, with the assumption that
local interracial efforts must be
comparatively undertaken as
first steps toward this goal"
The program will try to help
local communities work toward
community supported desegre-
cation, and work with those
individuals and organizations
in North Carolina communities
who are seeking constructive
compliance with the Supreme
Court decision making school
segregation Illegal.
Arizona sun., 1956-12-06
"0n The lob" Teacher Training

The value of practical expe-
rience, as an important part of
training in virtually every field
of endeavor, is unquestioned.
Michigan State University is
proving that such experience is
no less important in the critical
job of training teachers. i,
This year, 800 M.S.U. students
are teaching full-time in 13 Mi
chigan communities before re-
ceiving college degrees as ''full-
fledged" teachers. Thus, in the
community itself, they are able
to see the problems a commun-
ity must face and learn the
viewpoints of parents and others
without the orientation period
that often is trying for all con-
cerned.
Such a program could be
adopted by many other schools
and communities to the mutual
benefit of everyone.
Arizona sun., 1956-12-06
THE VALUE OF NEWSPAPERS

The idea is wildly held that
televiSion has gained an un-
shakable hold on the young
people of the country, to the
detriment of other and older
media of communication.
But apparently that idea
needs some overhauling, as this
item from Editor g. Publisher
demonstrates: "The study of the
'teen-age market just released
by the Bureau of Advertising
completely destroys the televi-
sion-created myth that the
youth of America is new race
of TV viewers to the exclusion
of printed media. TV ranked
high with this group for its
entertainment value, but re-
search revealed the medium Of
most practical value to teen
ayers is the newspaper and 80
per cent of them are newspaper
readers. This study should be
a valuable new advertising sales
tool for newspapers"
Arizona sun., 1956-12-06
Two Arrested For ATTEMPTED
Bribery I'm The Bunco Game

Cole they would take her to ar.
attorneys office where she was
to sign an affidavit, the officers
said.
Police report, the arrest took
place near Second and Jeffer-
son Streets after the group left
the lawyers office in the Heard
building.
Johnnie (Black Tea) Price, 81,
of 1885 w. Buckeye, and Jack
Watson, SO, of Los Angeles, were
questioned after their arrest by
County Attorney Bill Andrews.
He said both admitted going to
the Cole residence and seeing
an attorney after that. Andrew
said they refused to give a state
ment as to the purpose of both
visits.
Mrs. Cole stated the two had
paid her the money so that she
would not identify the Davis
woman at the hearing in the
pending con game case, An
drews said.
Police report Johnnie (Black
Tea) Price, as having a list of
police records. He is the oper-
ator of a pool hall in Chandler,
it IS reported.
Upon seeing Ophelia Davis
picture in a daily paper, Mrs.
Elizabeth Murdock, 2008 East
Whitton, daughter, identified
the Davis woman as the. one
who bilked her grandmother in
Lansing, Michigan, out of $4,275
in the pigeon drop" game in
February 1855. Police verify
such a case did exist, but did
not impIicate the Davis woman.
The Davis woman 81, of 1921
e. Washington admitted being
in Chicago two years ago. The
resa Lee, "a, of Jacksonville, Fla.
and Mrs. Lucille Kirk of Sacra-
mento, California, were jailed
with Mrs. Davis in the conf
dence game.
Arizona sun., 1956-12-06
We HIGHLY SALUTE
SOUTHERN BAPTIST
EDITORIAL

The Arizona Sun expresses
its great admiration and
highest praise to the Rever-
end Paul Turner, Southern
Baptist Minister, Clinton,
Tennessee, for his courageous
stand for his belief in Chris
tian principles in a most haz-
ardOus situation. We hope our
readers will write their ad-
miratiOn and thanks to this
twentieth century apostolic of
Jesus Christ.