davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02
Korea and the Reds

In expelling the four-power 'neu-
trail" truce commission from South Korea,
the United Nations Command has taken
much-needed action against the COM
MISSIONS Polish and Czech Communist
members. For these tools Of Peiping and
Moscow have long been using the agency
as a blind for fragrant violations of the
armistice terms forbidding an arms build
up In North Korea, and so the expulsion
which might well have been ordered
months ago-is altogether JUSTIFIED.
And comparably good and compell-
ing reason accounts for the nat rejection
OF Red China's latest proposal for
Korean unidcation conference. The rea-
son is simply this: That the Communists
have yet to show the slightest concrete
evidence Of being ready to put an end to
the partition on the basis of genuinely
free countrywide elections held under
the strict supervision Of the United
Nations.
BY vote Of so to 5 (the Soviet bloc
alone dissenting), the U.N. General
Assembly formally called for such
elections as long ago as December, 1858.
But persistently, before then and since,
the Communists have demanded accept
ance OF plan that would pave the way
for dragging all Of Korea, South as well as
North, behind the Peiping- Moscow Iron
Curtain. The plan would do this by ruling
out any real safeguards against fraud
and terrorism at the polls. Instead, there
would be thoroughly unpoliced vote so
rugged as to insure Red victory, and
after that there would be set up the kind
of puppet government that has made the
Kremlin master in nearly dozen once
independent lands.
This plan was last presented by the
Communists at Geneva conference in
the spring Of 1854, and there is every
reason to believe-even though they have
asked for another meeting on the subject
that their views and demands remain
unchanged. Accordingly, they well deserve
the rebuff just delivered to them by the
United States and the is other countries
allied In the Korean war under the U. N.
Command For q new get-together on
this issue, in view Of the apparent Red
determination to keep on rejecting free
and adequately supervised elections,
would be worse than futile. 1t would
merely be an international farce In which
the Peiping- Moscow axis could be counted
upon to unleash torrents Of anti-Western
propaganda.
SO there will be no conference Of the
sort that Red China has once again
proposed Nor will there be any justinca-
ton for such meeting as long as the
Communists persist in violating the truce
and hold fast to phony voting plan that
would unity Korea only as another soviet
lied satellite. Certainly, unless and until
Peiping and Moscow reverse themselves
on that score, the U. N.oallies Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02
Selling the Voters

Efforts Of the Arlington County Board
and School Board to "sell' the voters on
the need for bond issues to finance school
and courthouse construction are designed
to overcome resistance Of the sort that
defeated a previous school bond proposal.
Arlington citizens have made it clear, in
various referenda, that they are willing
to approve bond issues for schools or other
purposes only when they are adequately
Informed on the need for such borrowing.
Failure to convince majority of the
voters Of the urgency of $9-million
school bond issue led to rejection of the
program earlier this year.
Taking lesson from the past, the
County Board and the School Board have
Joined in a campaign to enlist county
wide public support for two major bond
proposals to be voted on June 6. IA school
bond issue Of $4,492, 150-or about half
the original proposal-would provide
additional classrooms for the countys
congeSted schools. Another issue, of
$2,230 900, would be used for new court
house. Literature explaining the need for
both construction programs is being sent
to all taxpayers. This is the right
approach. Once the voters are "sold" on
the necessity for these capital improve
ments, their approval is apt to be forth
coming.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02
Transit Authority

A great injustice will be done
the people Of the District II
a public transit authority Is
foisted upon them.
But why should the Dis
trict have to assume the $26-
odd million debt Of q public
transit authority, when the
Capital Transit Co., debt free,
is already here and serving the
people? And it is q good
transit company with q fine
record.
The District lacks money for
teachers. schools and other
necessities, and Congress re-
Gently increased It's taxes for
next year. Why, therefore,
should the peoples burdens be
increased unnecessarily?
Mr.. Bell, president Of the
American Security and Trust
Co.. has presented an admir-
able and manifestly workable
plan for Capital Transit to buy
out the Wolfson interests. II
his clearly thought-out plan
is not permitted to have q
chance, there must be a con-
spiracy, as Mr.. Broyhill saws.
But how can his plan be inn
plemented If the transit fran
chise is not restored?
The newest Commissioner
has said. according to the
press, that the Commissioners
need more salary. His worth
is yet unproven. But the
other two have not shown
much interest in the welfare
Of District people. In fact,
the present transit mess re-
suited because Of them and
the Public Utilities Commits
sion, capped by the Senate's
legislation canceling the tram
sit franchise. Yet the public
authority bill would leave US
to the tender mercies Of the
high-handed Commissioned
Transit Rider.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES f. TRACEWELL

Chevy Chase, Md.
Dear Sir:
This is being written very
hurriedly but after reading
your delightful column on the
wood thrush, / was wondering
If there is any record or record
ing that one may purchase
of bird songs.
I'VE feed the birds and have
all kinds Of pretty music
around our house but honestly
] can't identify any of it.
ANY suggestions? Thanks
q million.
Sincerely yours, M. E. r."
Most phonograph record
shops have LIP recordings Of
bird songs.
One of these stems from
Cornell University, the recog-
nized authority.
In the old days there were
several records Of this type,
both in the older acoustic rec
ords and later in the first cleo
trical recordings.
A famous bird whistler by
the name Of Avis (bird) made
q good selection Of the better
known songbirds at least 40
years ago.
This type Of recording de-
mands real listening, with
book In hand, If possible, to
make the thing "jell."
That is, one should, If pos
sible, get the idea Of the APP
pearance Of the bird with the
song.
In this way, the learner has
some chance Of recalling the
right celebration and other
marks of distinction after he
spots q Songster in tree or
bush.
In this way. he may come to
learn the various songs all on
his own.
Certainly there is no harm
in this way Of learning the
songs Of our various popular
birds, but there is a better
way. It is just plain learning
to identify the bird first and
then listening to him sing.
This is, after all, the best
way. and the most natural.
People who move to the sub
urbs ind that their bird hori-
zon is immensely expanded.
Usually, in moving to q true
suburban section, they find
that in q years time, If they
are interested and determined.
they will have identified about
20, more or less, species.
These will include the great
popular favorites, the cardinal,
mockingbird, wood thrush, cat
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02

only deny an appropriation if
they can prove it is unneeded.
From many years Of obSer-
walton Of local government in
Arlington and Fairfax Coun-
ties, I believe we need to give
the taxpayers and voters more
control Of the tax situation. I
suggest that the General As
sembly be asked to enact Q law
to provide that on petition of
20 per cent of the qualified
voters a referendum must be
held on any tax rate increase
approved by q tax-levying body
such as a board Of supervisors
or city council.
Harley M. williams.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02

bird, wren, song sparrow, dove,
and some others. including the
wild yawp Of the blue Jay and
the chip Of various sparrows.
In our own section, the
number Of birds to be identi-
fed has shrunk in q quarter
Of a century from "a to about
80, q few more or less.
Still the music seems UNI
dimmed, owing to the cease
less presence Of those men
toned, with the exception Of
the wood thrush whose song
many listeners think the most
beautiful Of all.
In using q record Of bird
sounds, some precautions
should be taken.
In the first place, the record
should be played over every
day for a period, at the same
time, preferably with the win
dows open, so that the real
birds outside may hear their
recorded songs.
\ \ 4 X
Birds love to listen to music,
especially Of the violin, and
recorded bird songs must
strike them as quite right.
There should be no particu-
lar attempt to concentrate in
listening; . too eager desire
to link sounds and bird may
defeat its purpose.
Just listen, and in time the
song will manage to impress
itself so that when it Is heard
naturally it will attract at
tention.
Sounds in nature may fool
one, too. There IL the startling,
which at times can whistle
like q small boy in the spring,
and the jay, which is able to
make all sorts of odd noises,
such as q rattle.
Above all, there Is the mock
ingbird, great imitator, which
on moonlight nights airs his
complete repertoire.
No matter how well the
mocker does the song Of the
cardinal, he is always rusty
with his wood thrush song,
and that is one way Of telling
him from the other. No thrush
sings in the dark. He likes
the almost-dark, but not COM
plete darkness, even with q
good moon.
The best recording, one may
feel, is in ones own mind, and
that is why nothing will quite
take the place Of learning the
identification of the birds,
first, and carefully listening to
their songs after they are
spotted.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02
NATO and FOREIGN Aid

General Alfred M. Gruenther, in his
typically impressive testimony before the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee. has
said things that ought to be taken to
heart by any American who questions the
Importance Of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization or who takes pinch-penny
view Of military and economic aid to our
friends and allies abroad.
There has been good deal Of loose
and irresponsible talk In recent days
about NATO's alleged disintegration and
about how foolish the United States is to
keep on pouring money into such a
"moribund" alliance. But what is the
basis for this talk? Is it justified?
Is the Atlantic community really failing
apart" as some of our inveterate defeat
lists say?
General Gruenther, NATO's supreme
military commander, has answered these
and similar questions with an emphatic
and altogether persuasive mo" AS he
has told the Senators, 1t is true that
frances troubles in Algeria and the
bitter British Greek Turkish dispute over
Cyprus have created strains within the
alliance. It is true, too, that the whole
organization is challenged as never before
by an extremely dangerous propaganda
campaign designed to undermine and
dissolve tia campaign on which the
Soviet bloc is spending between SIS
billion and So billion annually. But the
reality still remains that the Western
allies are basically united in a firm de-
termination to maintain their common
defenseS.
An eloquent measure Of this deter
mination is the fact that our allies in free
Europe are now spending $12 billion
year for defense, or almost twice as much
as five years ago. This figure is enough in
itself to serve as fitting answer to those
peSSimiSts who speak so mournfully of
NATO's demise" and who also, in doing
so, unwittingly give aid and comfort to
the Kremlin. Actually, as General
Gruenther has testified, the alliance
continues to be very much alive, and
very formidable in its potentialS, and
even if 1t were failing apart" which is
most definitely not the case-our country
would be urgently impelled 'to see it was
put back together again."
The reason for this is that there is no
substitute for NATO as a collective-secu-
rity instrument to safeguard not only free
Europe but the United States as well. In
General Gruenther's words, the alliance
is not ga community chest" to which we
donate just for the sake Of being gen.
erous. Far from it. For the contributions
we make to it are simply contributions
to our own survival" and so we had all
better realize that our foreign aid is not
mere altruiSm and that the Kremlin'S
smiles and happy talk" do not justify
indiscriminate cuts in it.
Yet the House Foreign Affairs Com
mittee has recommended slash Of $1.1
billion in the $40 billion requested to
carry out such aid in the coming fiscal
year. Clearly, considering what General
Gruenther has said, and considering
similar warnings from other high quar-
tiers, this is much too drastic cut, and
Congress will be taking a perilous risk
If it enacts it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02

president Of the organization.
In i've years AFME has
grown from its original IA
members, a borrowed head
quarters, and q nonexiStent
treasury, until it is now per-
haps the outstanding organi-
cation spreading knowledge Of
the Near and Middle East to
the American public, and
establishing in the Middle East
knowledge of the existence of
an open-ninded American
public opinion.
In America it has volunteer
committees in II cities. 1t
conducts in its New York
headquarters a library and re-
search center, open to Ameri-
can and foreign students. It
assisted in organizing the first
conference of students from
Middle Eastern countries, the
idea having been initiated by
the students themselves. It
has brought distinguished
speakers from the area and
sent them to it. It has en-
couraged journalists to visit
the Middle East and assisted
them with useful contacts
there, at no time placing any
restrictions whatever upon
their reports. It initiated in
1854 the first international
conference of Moslem and
Christian theologians to dis
cuss the common spiritual and
social values Of the two faiths
Ia meeting resulting in the
formation Of the Continuing
Committee on Moslem- Chris
tian Cooperation.
ANNE believes that in FORE
seeing five years ago the i'm
portant role the Middle East
was to play in world affairs,
for better or worse, for peace
or war, and in pleading for
a disinterested, statesmanlike
approach to its problems, it
has performed a service to
this country. the need for
which the developments Of
the past month have fully
confirmed.
William Archer Wright, Jr.,
Executive Secretary,
American Friends Of the
Middle East. Inc.
New York City.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02

AS q Fairfax County tax
payer who diligently studied
the budget proposals, attended
hearings. and made COMPARE
sons with available yardsticks,
I would like to offer a few
comments on the SO cent tax
rate increase.
1t was absolutely unneces-
sary. The county will have a
20 per cent increase in income
under the old tax rate due to
the increase in assessed values.
The additional money to be
extorted from the taxpayers
will be used to build up a po-
litical machine" of job hold
ers and left-wing ideologists.
Instead Of being responsible
to the parents and taxpayers,
the school board takes orders
from the school administra-
ton and the progressive" ed
ucationists in the PTA Council
and the Civic Federation.
The county executive is be-
ing paid more than the Cover
nor Of Virginia, apparently in
order to devise more ways Of
spending the taxpayers money.
At least three members Of
the Board Of Supervisors are
free spenders and high takers
by political conviction, and two
others feel it is their duty to
vote for everything the county
executive or school superin-
tendent recommends.
Instead of requiring the
spenders to justify their OUT
rageous proposals some super
visors have adopted the ridic-
ulous attitude that they can
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02
THE POLITICAL MILL
By GOULD LINCOLN
Democrats Foce Threat Of Break

SAN FRANCTSCO-The Ste
venson-Kefauver campaign for
CaIifornia's presidential pref
erence threatens to tear the
Democratic Party apart In q
big way.
Senator Estes Kefauver Of
Tennessee told q press confer
ence here yesterday that the
"old guard" Of the party is
using Stevenson as q horse to
ride into power again. He
mentioned in particular Paul
ziffren, Democratic national
committeeman and Stevenson's
supporter in the southern part
Of the State, and Bill Malone,
Democratic leader in the north.
The old guard. Kefauver
continued. has not elected q
Democratic Governor or .
Democratic Senator in Califor-
mia in years. Nor has It, he
said, been able to elect Z ma
jority Of the California delega-
ton in the House Of Repre-
sentatives. And in 1852, Presi-
dent Eisenhower carried Cali
fornia over Stevenson, the man
whom Kefauver now opposes
for the States So votes in the
coming Democratic National
Convention, by 100000 votes.
Says Stevenson Can't Win
Kefauver pointed out that
all this time there have been
. million more registered DEM
ocratic voters than Republican
in California. Keep the old
guard Democrats now backing
Stevenson in power, Kefauver
said, and the State viii 60
Republican In the general cleo
ton next November.
And. he asserted further,
Stevenson cannot win If he
is nominated for President
that he is no stronger today
than he was four years ago.
In fact, Kafauver argued Ste
venson is a weaker candidate
now than he was in 1852, since
he has one bad defeat chalked
up against him.
This is the kind Of talk
which Senator Kefauver is
making up and down this State
in these final days of the pri-
mary campaign. He charges
that the Stevenson campaign
leaders are more interested in
getting and keeping themselves
in power than they are in
building up the Democratic
Party. and he is aided in
spreading this doctrine by his
own national campaign man.
ager, F. Joseph Donohue, and
by some Of the Democrats who
head up his campaign in this
State.
AS a matter Of fact, the Ke-
fauver wing of the party is
just as anxious to get into
power as the Stevenson lead
ers are to remain in power.
The factional differences,
which have dogged the Demo-
Gratis in this State for years,
show no present signs of
abating.
One Of the principal targets
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02

Q. How much money do
tourists spend in Las Vegas.
New. each year?-S.A.M.
A. Outside Of the money
spent on gambling and on
drinking, the Las Vegas
Chamber Of Commerce esti-
mates that tourists bring
about $50 million q year to
hotels and motels in the area,
and another 81 million is
spent on gas and oil for the
over $500 cars which enter
the city daily. Liquor con-
sumption Is estimated at e1e,3
million per year, and gross
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02

Of Senator Kefauver's attack,
as 1t happens, Is Attorney Gem
eral Pat Brown. State CAM
paign manager for Stevenson,
who, 1t Is said. wants to run
for Governor in 1858. Brown
was Kefauver's opponent in
the Democratic presidential
primary Of 1852. Brown and
his friends had placed In the
field q slate Of delegate candi-
dates pledged to the then
President Harry s. Truman.
When Truman pulled out, they
scurried around to find an
other candidate on whom they
could agree. Stevenson at that
time was q candidate for re-
election for Governor Of
Illinois and he would not allow
his name to- be used. It A.
nally was decided to tie the
slate Of delegates to Brown
himself, as q favorite-son
candidate. Kefauver's slate Of
delegates ran away with the
primary election - something
like 3 to /.
Brown is again an antago-
mist Of Kefauver, though this
time through the candidacy
Of Stevenson. All Of which
adds to the bitterness Of this
struggle among the Democrats
of California.
Charges ''Power Play"
In what was billed as q ma
jor address here, Senator Ke-
fauver again rang the changes
on this effort Of the old guard
Democrats to hold power.
1.-THE Stevenson campaign is
being used as a power play for
personal GAIN" he declared.
He added it was time the DEM
ocratS Of California were made
aware of it. This line Of at
tack has become one Of the
theme songs Of the Kefauver
campaign.
Republican leaders in Cali
fornia are watching the per-
torrance with great satisfac-
ton. They understand very
well that the COP. has bene-
fitted for years because Of
Democratic Squabbles in this
State. Very wisely they are
keeping their mouths closed at
this stage Of the campaign.
They are not at all disturbed
over the winner in the Demo-
cratic presidential primary.
They have no fear Of Steven
son. for they defeated him
badly four years ago in the
general election. Nor have
they any reluctance at the
thought Of going UP against
Kefauver, If he should win the
Democratic presidential nomi-
nation.
The Republicans also look
forward with considerable
confidence to the senatorial
and congressional elections
which will be held in Califor-
mia next November. They feel
the Democratic feuding will
be helpful in those races as
well as in that for President.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02
Russio's Latest Moves

Regarding David Lawrence'S
cogent article in The Star en-
titled why the Cold War
Goes Against U.s." we wish to
congratulate the emine emit
Journalist for pointing out
what many Of the adminiStra-
ton know. but refuse to admit
publicly: That Messrs. Mac
Lean and Burgess, those hand
some liberals, play q big part
in the cold war against us.
Mr.. Lawrence says further,
Nobody with q knowledge Of
processes Of reasoning Of the
Russians sits in at top coun-
ellis" Of the United States.
If they did, they would GER
tainly point out that the Mac
Lean-Burgess tactic Of prof.
fering a manpower reduction
Of a million and q half in Rus
sian armies meant only drop
ping from the rolls that many
over-age-in-grade reservists.
By the same token, the United
States could a announce q
three-million man reduction,
boost our active armed forces
by a million, and still be a
half million fewer than the
Russians in the numbers
game.
And nobody, including SEN
ator Knowland and grass
roots" America, is fooled by
the Russian invitation to Gen.
Twining.
If there is any technical
knowledge to be gained, a lieu
tenant colonel from the Tech
nical Intelligence branch Of
Wright Air Development Gen.
ter could be sent very readily
as winnings representative.
He could get all the data avail
able. That. too. has been sug-
geSted to the administration as
a plausible, sensible way out Of
the MacLean-Burgess trap.
There are voices with
knowledge about Russian pro-
cesseS, but the administration
does not listen to them.
Charles p. BeazIey,
1t. Col. A. +. (ReS.),
Air Intelligence
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02
Spring TcIk

The ildcs are out,
bees tDind the bursting hours,
a butterfly devoHrs
this spring iDe talk about.
Words but words repeat;
none bind the trembling noon,
a sentence cannot bloom,
nor phrase a lilac keep.
For sDe iDho knotU speech,
knotD but the time and place
ana loneliness, that takes
each one Of Us from each.
Kethie Louehheim :
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02

gambling revenue TO casino
operators from tourists Is put
at 5000 million.
@. Who wrote the poem
beginning, Little drops Of
water, little grains Of sand?
H. H.
A. This is q line from Little
Things" by Julia A. Fletcher
Carney (1823-1o08).
Q. How long Is the Seine
River In France?-L.A.
A. It is 480 miles long. a1d
navigable for about $50 miles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names mag be used d
letters carry tpriters' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
s0ti0n.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02

Korean war must continue to turn
thumbs down" on talks that would be
both useless and fraudulent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-02
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

ssdsr b mail e susl sps'icn X yrip
b. potase !.