davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-16
Sale for Peace

In it's Six-nation sale Of 129 tons OF
heavy water, our country has given the
world another earnest of its desire to
speed up the international atoms-for-
peace program.
r AS explained by the Atomic Energy
Commission, the sale-at price OF $28
pound-has been approved in order to
promote various types of nonmilitary
nuclear research in the buying countries.
These countries, and the amounts OF
heavy water to be shipped to them, are
Britain ESQ tons), France (30), India (2l),
Australia (11), Italy (10) and Switzer-
land Cup to y.
Heavy water-so called because 1t
contains "heavy hydrogen" or deuterlum
lis not particularly difficult to manufac-
ture, but it is still relatively hard to get
in much of the world. One OF it's impor-
tant values to researchers is that 1t can
be used in several kinds of nuclear reac-
tors as moderator to slow down neutrons
emitted in the atomic fission process.
Accordingly, by selling this material
I'd free nations abroad, the United States
is in effect expediting civilian research
projects of type that might otherwise
have to be delayed, curtailed or aban-
doned altogether. And by the same token
the sale may be regarded as develop
ment that should work slowly but surely
to help science advance the cause of man
kinds betterment.
This may seem to be comparatively
small thing. However, coupled with the
Presidents recent historic decision to sell
or lease 10000 Kilograms of uranium 235
for civilian nuclear projects in friendly
nations overseas, it effectively demon
strates Americas determination to main
tain its lead in encouraging the world
to harness the atom for peace.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-16
Criminal Code

I express appreciation for
the two fine articles, one by
Phil Yeager and the other by
DR.. Richard G. Board, on the
extremely important problems,
highlighted in the Monte Dur
ham case, involved in the
necessity of reconciling So
ciety's needs to demand
punishment of the criminal
with the requirement of hui
mainly and justice that crimi-
mails receive treatment when
they are sick and cannot con-
troll their own actions.
The Star is to be praised for
printing these two articles
which make it clear that this
is a hard nut to crack and
snap judgments are not in
order.
On the one hand, as stated
by the late Supreme Court JUS
tice jackson, "the practical
business of government and
administration of the law is
obliged to proceed Z. on the
assumption that mature and
rational persons are in con-
troll of their own conduct, "
and, on the other hand, we
cannot ignore the actual effects
of law enforcement, which can
be discovered only by scientific
means when the criminal stig-
ma is applied without bene-
fetal results to society or the
individual.
Sidney KOretz.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-16
ViSTASM SCIENCE
Experiments With Atomic Radiation
By THOMAS R. HENRY

it gets up to the red line get
out fast
"Of course, this isn't what
you should do. II the meter
reads very high you can stay
for q reasonable period. The
tolerance rate is one q person
can take all his Life. It Is
much safer to take ten times
that rate for an hour o week
than to take the tolerance
rate all week. The total dose
is much less that way, even
though the rate is temporarily
higher"
Fortunately. DR.. Alvarez
says. health physicists and
health chemists have improved
greatly since the Bikini days
and it is unlikely anything Of
the sort ever would happen
again.
1.-THE situation" he says, "is
very much like that Of the
anaesthetist in medicine. For
a long time a person who adj
ministered anaesthetics was q
sort of technician SO far as the
doctor was concerned. He sat
at the patients head and
gave him a little more ether
when he started to wake up.
Now he is an MD and may
have a postgraduate degree.
He is treated with as much re-
Spect as the doctors who do the
operation. Health physicists
have similarly increased their
scientific prestige"
Laboratory Has Dual Role
A major function of the ra-
diation laboratory headed by
DR.. Alvarez is to solve problems
arising in the contamination
of ships and other objects
which have been subjected to
radiation bombardments. This
has involved, however. a great
deal of fundamental research
in physics, chemistry and BIZ
ology which in the end prob
ably will prove of much more
value than the immediate
practical objectives, he points
out.
Protection against radiation
doubtless would be of major
Importance to military per-
sonnet in another war. But,
says BT9.Alvarez, II don't be-
lieve we will have a nuclear
war. Instead I believe that a
century or two from now this
laboratory will be remembered
for its works in pure science
which were accomplished
while the staff kept in read
mess for a nuclear war which
never came"
Much remains to be learned,
he stresses in his report to the
Navy, about actual radiation
hazards. especially as they will
affect civilian personnel en-
gagged in industries using ra-
dioactive materials.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-16

The University Of California
radiation laboratory has an
"atoEh smasher" whose radia-.
ton beam in 400 millionths Of
q second win kill a mouse.
This doesn't mean that the
mouse would die that quickly
only that after that much
exposure there could be no
recovery. The machine Is Of
q type known as '1inear ac-
celerators," several Of which
now are installed In leading
universities throughout the
country.
This is revealed by DR.. Luis
w. Alvarez, associate director
of the laboratory. in a report
to the ONCE of Naval Research.
Called death Ray"
Customary devices for radia-
ton detection would not reveal
anything very dangerous about
this deadly stream of atomic
particles. DR.. Alvarez speaks
of the death ray" in his re-
port as an example of the
dangers that still threaten
workers in the radiation field
and the need of setting up safe
procedures.
Early in the atomic energy
program, he points out, a So
called safe dose was established
ten milliroentgen per hour.
The roentgen is the unit Gus
tomarily used in measuring
radiation. The standard was
fixed by the experience of
hospital workers with X-ray
machines.
But, says DR.. Alvarez, who
is among the leading radiation
authorities in the country,
there has been a lot of con-
fusion about dosage and dosage
rates, not only among the gen.
eral public but among persons
suffering daily exposure to the
hazards.
THE difficulty u.s." he says,
shat what hurts you in the
radiation field is a dose-so
much radiation going through
you-but the thing you gen.
orally read on a meter is the
dose rate. You get hurt by d
certain number of roentgens.
The meter reads roentgens per
hour. You are hurt by the
total dose but not by the rate.
This has caused a lot Of trou-
BILE and a lot of unhappiness
between physicists on the one
hand and health physicists on
the other.
"The Bikini test was the
first large-scale effort where
unframed men had to be pro-
tected from radiation. Be-
cause of a shortage of time
the training consisted of little
more than being handed a
Geiger counter and told to
look at the meter and when
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-16
WoodIey Area Upset

I fear that acquisition Of
hotels in Washington by large
hotel chains will eventually
change the character of our
beautiful Capital. Much Of its
charm and pleasant atmos-
phere will disappear. It will
be sacrificed on the altar Of
commercialism. This may be
called progress, but the dig
nifty and gracious atmosphere
will no longer be ours.
Residents on Woodley road,
between Connecticut avenue
and Twenty ninth street, have
for the third time been notified
of a plan filed with the Zop-
ing Adjustment Board by a
large hotel in the neighbour
hood desiring to turn its front
lawn into a parking lot. Twice
the home owners in the neigh
borhood have protested estab-
lishment Of such q lot for
front-yard parking, and now
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-16
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

slightest idea Of what they
were doing.
Once they were uttered, the
words we're outlined in fire.
just because one had said
them!
Excited conversation, then,
ought to be out.
The slower the response. the
better it ought to be. or should
it?
X X \
We cannot help recalling
Lucy, the young girl, one Of
Templeton Jones oldest
friends.
She was an old busmate, q
passenger on q public vehicle
of long ago.
No doubt Lucy is a grand
mother now.
At that time she was a young
lady, but not a teen-ager, since
that ugly word had not been
invented.
Now children are no longer
children. exactly.
If they aren't siblings, they
are pre-schoolers, grade-agers
and teen-agers.
Lucy was none Of these.
Lucy was a lady, and very
much on her dignity.
Whenever Templeton Jones
asked her a question, she an
Swered: what say?"
IT'S a nice day." old Jones
would remark.
Though the young lady was
seated right beside him, and
could not. help hearing him,
she asked What say?" IT said
it was a nice day." sighed r.
Jones.
ooh, yes" replied Lucy.
wildly.
do you go to high SCHOOL,"
asked Jones.
What say?" said Lucy.
II said," exclaimed Jones,
entering into the spirit of the
thing, lido you go to high
school?"
"Oh, yes"
ITO Western?" he asked, as
the bus passed the door of that
institution.
Lucy was not to be outdone.
What say?" she said.
By this time, Templeton
Jones was a bit groggy.
"You go to Western, then?"
he asked.
what say?" asked Lucy.
The poor girl, she had to take
time to think!
What say" did it.
II wonder" said Templeton
Jones.
What say?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-16
Laboratories in Space

In their recent testimony before a
House Appropriations subcommittee, rep
reSentativeS Of the National Committee
for the 1873 International Geophysical
Year have left no room for doubt about
trys plans to launch unnamed earth
circling satellites.
The launching is scheduled to begin
in the summer Of 1857. All told, IL OF
the diminutive man-made moons are to
be rocketed hundreds of miles above the
earth, and the hope is that at least eight
of them will stay up there. According
to present calculations, some should do
that for several weeks, and others may
possibly do it for as long as a year, until
they finally fall back into our atmos-
phere and are disintegrated by friction.
Meanwhile, as they constantly circum-
navigate the globe at a speed of $4,000
miles an hour, their electronic inStru-
mentS will send back to our scientists,
and to the scientists of cooperating
nations, hitherto unattainable informa-
ton that promises to be Of immense
practical help to the world.
This information will have to do with
such things as solar energy, coSnlic rays,
the earth's gravitational pull and nu-
merous meteorological phenomena that
still mystify man. Indeed, as the House
subcommittee has been told by experts
like Director Alan T. Waterman of the
National Science Foundation, it is not
inconceivable that the artificial satellites,
M; 1oh in w
lead to major break throughs" of meal
culable value in the fields of radio COM
munication, weather forecasting and
aerial navigation and transportation.
Further than that, although their launch
ing has been decided upon primarily to
open up new frontiers of knowledge for
human betterment, they may well have
great potential military significance,
especially in connection with the pro-
spective development of the awesomely
revolutionary intercontinental ballistic
missile.
1t would be excessively imaginative,
of course, to see in all this the near
future dawn of an age Of interplanetary
travel or huge man inhabited space
platforms" stationed above the atmos-
phere for military purposes. Still, al
though such things may never become
realities, they have ceased to be as fan
tastically unbelievable as they used to
seem. At any rate, like so many other
developments of our century, the advent
of artificial moons serves to remind us
that we live in time of great wonders
(as well as time of great troubles) and
that much of what We now deem to be
impossible may be brought into being
during the lives OF our children or chill
dren'S children.
It seems certain in any event, that
our countrys satellite launching pro-
gram promises to, contribute significantly
to mans knowledge, and the $19.3 million
needed for it should be promptly granted
by Congress.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-16

from this change in travel planning. It
has been charged often that American
vacationists, sticking so largely to the big
cities, have failed to meet the ordinary
people of the host countries or to learn
much of their way of life. The country
side and the villages outside the great
capitals will provide this opportunity. The
result may contribute in some small
measure to the greater understanding
that could be useful in today's troubled
world.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-16
Trolley VS.. Bus

REGARDLESS of what govern
mental agency supervises
transit in the District or what
group actually operates public
transportation after August.
the question of whether street.
cars viii be replaced by buses
seems to depend mainly on the
relative cost Of operation OF
each type Of vehicle. Even
such an empirical factor as
this is controversial, some "au-
thorities" contending that the
dollar-per-mile travelled is a
sufficiently accurate figure
without resort to calculations
based on passenger-per-mile
costs.
It seems to me, however,
that two financial factors have
been virtually overlooked. One
is the future changes that are
likely. to occur in operating
costs. While internal combus-
ton engines are being made
more and more efficient, Pc
troleum products promise to
get more and more expensive,
as they have done in the past.
Furthermore, a rise could come
quite suddenly, since q change
in the world situation could
bring about an immediate
scarcity of Near Eastern oil
for the Western world. Elec-
trio power. however, gets
cheaper and cheaper, a process
which may be greatly hastened
by the looming in the near
future Of nuclear generating
plants. Thus, a solid street.
car system such as we have
in Washington promises to
have definite cost-saving fea-
lures if a long-range view is to
be taken of the situation.
Secondly, how much better
does the riding public like
streetcars than buses? Are
there a great number Of mar
ginal riders whose preference
for streetcars is strong enough
to cause them to join the ex-
odus away from public trans
portation if they are forced to
ride buses? A poll of the tram
sit riders preference should
be held by the Commissioners
before any final decision on
replacement is made.
Transit User.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-16

@. What are the new elbow
up" globes of the world made
of2--S. T.
A. These inf1atable globes
are made of an oil-based plas-
tic, and can be kept folded in
a small package until needed.
When it is blown up to full
size. the globe can be mounted
on a stand.
@. What kind of glass goes
under the name MARY Greg
ory"?-H. j. w.
A. Carl Drepperd, In "a. B.
C.'s of Old Glass" says that
Mary Gregory Glass" is now
a generic name for all glass
enameled with figures originate
ing within the Victorian era.
Mary Gregory worked at the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-16
Midwinter Thuw

These are the days that trick
US out OF time
And tease US into spring. Warm
air bIoiDs soft;
Clouds idle in the blue, and
far Glott
Remembered bird-song fingers
like a chime.
The ground giDes under foot.
Winter must end.
And yet ,De shiuer. for De
knoiD OF old
In the northwest, the cruel
brooding cold
Hangs iron-heGvy, mating to
descend.
Mary Tibbetts
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-16

The following conversation
must not be thought something
out Of Alice in Wonderland"
1t actually occurred, and was
taken down verbatim on
corner recently.
"How is your father?"
ooh, he's fine"
where is he's he here?"
ooh, he's around"
whats he doing?"
ooh. he's doing very we'll"
'Well, is he around here?"
ooh, he's here and there"
"I'd like to see him."
$50 would l."
sis he well?"
eyes, except for his feet"
II didn't know about his
feet"
Eyes, he's fat enough"
\ y X y
Perhaps the inanity of the
average conversation is no bet
ter shown anywhere.
The talking we all indulge
in would make a monkey grin,
If it were all put down on
paper.
Sometimes the novelists who
aim to be modern serve us up
this sort of stuff, and sit back
with a..grin, expecting us to be
satisfied simply because it is
true.
Trueness isn't enough.
If you look back into Alex
andre Dumas. there you find
conversation that carries on
the plot.
1t was a part of the essential
way of telling stories, and was
never handled better than by
the Frenchman.
Creole ne was, full OF flre
and spirit. and the plain COM
mon sense of how to tell a
story.
4 4 \ X
Perhaps we expect too much
Of daily conversation for it to
make sense.
Sense, after all, comes from
thinking, and talk is sudden
thinking.
Sudden service" the lum-
berman's slogan, might be
taken to be descriptive of the
average talk, one to one.
Somebody says something.
the answer comes Immediately.
Nobody really takes time to
think.
Yet once uttered, a thought
may be upheld fiercely.
No doubt countless thou
sands of persons have self
propelled themselves into some
thing or other without the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-16
Tax Facts

A letter from j. l.. Berg
StresSer of Chevy Chase made
reference to the additional
personal exemptions allowed
under the Maryland income
tax law to persons who are
blind and to persons who have
attained the age of IS years.
These facts are presented in
hopes Of preventing some con-
fusion:
At the 1855 session Of the
General Assembly of Mary
land, the pay-as-you-go plan
Of income tax collection was
enacted. To simplify develop
ment of withholding tax ia
bles and in an effort to make
the burden on the employer
as light as possible, it was
thought advisable to make
uniform the allowable personal
exemptions.
The exemption in the bill as
originally introduced was ST.
600, but in the closing days of
the session this was reduced
to $500. Through an oversight,
the bill was not amended to
make this reduction with re-
spect to taxpayers who are
blind or IS years of age.
In preparing tax forms for
1855 this oversight was de-
tected and, as there was a con-
flict in the provisions of the
law, we found it necessary to
come to some decision in the
matter. We decided to pre-
pare instructions and forms
on the basis of $500, as this
was the intent, and to have
introduced at the 1856 session
a bill that would clarity the
law.
Accordingly, Senate Bill IS
was introduced. The bill was
enacted, signed by the Cover
nor, and is now Chapter Is,
Laws of 1856. The amendment
makes uniform the personal
exemptions of $500 per person,
with an additional $500 for
the blind or those IS years of
age or over. The amendment
corrects the oversight made in
the 1855 session. 1t was passed
as an emergency measure and
is applicable to returns filed
for the year 1855.
The instructions accompany
ing Maryland Form 502 for
the year 1855 are in accord
ance with the Maryland in
come tax law and should be
followed by all taxpayers. The
instructions go into detail as
to the allowable amounts, and
taxpayers should have no diff
Guilty in preparing their re-
turns insofar as personal eX-
emptionS are concerned.
BENZ. F. Marsh,
Chief, Income Tax Division,
State of Maryland.
Annapolis, Md.
X X n X
Thanks for j. L. Bergstres-
ser's letter on Maryland Tax
Form" I'd like to add this:
Neither the Maryland income
tax form nor the instructions
state that social security in
come is not taxable. A phone
call to the Maryland income
tax Office here got me the in
formation it is not taxable.
F. 1. Winter.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-16
Lucy Case

Seeing Autherine Lucy's pic
ture with her hand grasping a
"Voice Of America" micro
phone and telling to the world
how greatly we value the rights
Of men, set me to thinking.
She stands as the expelled
glamorized darling Of NAACP.
This group of high pressure
artists has piled up a high
score Of success in driving a
wedge of disaffection, like a
knife. deep in the body of our
own polite. The end of their
deadly techniques of division
within is not in sight. 1t may
be some 80 Of the 40 millions
of people in the lower South
deeply resent what they are
about, yet they have no voice
of protest that can be heard
to produce effects. They must
stand by and pay out their
tax dollars for the support Of
that which they deplore and
detest.
This knife thrust in the body
of our own compatriots is a
classic picture of what has and
is happening to us as a nation.
Stung to the quick by fears
within and without, we are
robbing Peter to pay off Paul.
Afraid of the dark clouds of
communism, looming menace
ingly on the horizon, we are
determined, as a policy, to show
the Communists Il know not
who else) that we are true-blue
and care for the rights Of man
as much. as they. Actually it
appears that, fear-burdened,
we have decided to appease.
Standing before the high and
menacing altar of communism,
we wave the knife and then
thrust it into the vitals of our
own political body and say in
effect, look how we bleed" To
prove to the world that we
cherish a true interest in the
rights Of men, we wound our
selves in a fetish of appease-
ment.
To whom are we seeking to
! prove our good and righteous
intentions? To Russia, to
NAACP. to labor unions, to
other agitating pressure
groups?
William E. Cox.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-16
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDrfters' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
sdtion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-16

Sandwich plant, doing deco
rating. Little is known Of her.
Vases, drug bottles, BARRIERS
bottles and many other objects
in colored glass with white
enamel are called Mary Greg
DRY.
@. Are pets q possible
source Of danger by trans
hitting diseases to their
owners?-D. K.
A. If sensible precautions
are taken and ordinary rules Of
hygiene are observed-espe-
cially washing the hands be-
fore eating-there Is little
danger. Health authorities
believe that the pleasure and
benefits of having pets far
outweigh any risks.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-16

that the third application has
been made it is again neces-
sary for this little group Of
people to oppose a great finan-
cial corporation, with all
means at its command, in its
desire to deface what is now a
beautiful residential section.
I believe 1t is up to all citizens
of this gracious city and every
civic-minded and beauty-lov-
ing person to oppose the de-
struction of the charm and
dignity Of historic Woodley.
Rose w. Topper.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-16
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
BY THE HASKIN

BY THE HASKIN SERVICE
A question
D Please inclose for postage
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-25
Diplomatic
Parties Held

Diplomatic entertaining yes
terday centered around the
Arab world.
The Egyptian Press Attache
Mr.. Habeeb, invited guests for
a cocktail party and preview
of an exhibition of paintings
by Mr.. Saleh Taher, a noted
Egyptian artist and director
of the Cairo Museum of Mod
ern Art, who is here under
State Department auspices.
The party and exhibition was
held at the Middle East In
stitute where Mr.. Tahers
works will be on display to
the public all day today.
Also entertaining was the
counselor of the Saudi Arabian
Embassy, Mr.. Saleh Al-Shal-
fan who gave a reception at
his home in honor of the de-
parting counselor of the Jor-
dan Embassy and Nine. Sha-
rat.
The Sharafs, who have been
in Washington more than two
years, will leave May 80 for
home and then on to their new
post in Karachi, Pakistan.
where Mr.. Sharaf will be
Charge d'Affaires.