davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
STAR SNAPSHOT
CONTEST RULES

/. The contest is strictly for
amateur photographers. ANY,
one is eligible excepting en-
ployes of The Star or employees
Of any newspaper participating
in the National Awards, en-
ployes of the sponsors and
their families and individuals
who, personally. or any mem
bers of whose families are
engaged In the manufacture,
sale. commercial finishing or
professional use Of photo
graphic goods.
2. Pictures that have been
made after July /, 1855. are
eligible.
3. Your snapshots may be
made on any brand of black
and-white film, but not on
color films. Any make Of
camera may be used. Develop
ing and printing may be done
by a photoflnisher or the en-
trant. No print or enlarge
ment more than 10 inches in
the longer dimension will be
accepted. No art work or re-
touching is permitted on prints
or on the negatives from which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03

they are made. No composite
pictures. such as multiple
printing or montages, are
eligible. No black-and-white
pictures from color transpar-
encieS will be accepted. Pic
lures should not be mounted
or framed.
4. To enter the contest mail
q print or prints of as many
pictures as you desire to The
Stars Amateur Snapshot
Contest Editor" On the back
Of each picture print your
name and address clearly in
Ink, and the class in which
you wish the picture entered.
(See classes.)
8. No prints will be returned.
Do not submit negatives with
your prints. Keep them until
requested by the Amateur
Snapshot Contest Editor.
(Only original negatives ac-
cepted) This newspaper and
the sponsors Of the National
Awards assume no RESPONSE
bility for negatives or prints.
6. At the close Of the con-
test, The Star will award
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
BY MARGARET L. FISHER

For the second year straight
the Washington Bridge League
individual championship was a
photo finish. Mrs. William r.
Plum last Wednesday topped
l04 contentants with a COM
bined session total of $50
match points. Tied for run
nerup spot with 32912 were
Frank M. Hoadley and D. A.
Williamson.
Mrs. Plum's victory, giving
her custody of the Dupont Cir
Gle Trophy. duplicated Simon
Gerber's victory by a half
point margin in last years
WBL individual title match.
Andrew Gabrilovitch, topping
the matinee session with a
500 game. tied with Norman
Gormsen for overall fourth
score of 3251a.
Session results:
Afternoon: (Sec. AZ Mr..
Gabrilovich. 2-Mr. William
son. 3-Albert E. Smigel.
tSec. b Mrs. Plum. O.
Mr.. Hoadley. 3-Mrs. Robert
Dubois.
Evening: (Sec. Al Mrs.
Edward Hruby. 2-Mr. vii.
Hanson. 3-Mrs. Ann Sum-
my. (Sec. b Warren Gar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
PHILATELIc NEWS
Museum Will Exhibit
Stamps on Botany
PHILATELIc NEWS
BY BELMONT FAIRIES

An exhibit Of more than
1000 stamps on medical boz
tany will open Wednesday at
the Medical Musem Of the
Armed Forces Institute Of
Pathology. Ninth street and
Independence avenue S.W.
The stamps. on S6 album
pages. are from the collection
Of DR.. Karl F. Meyer of Cali
fornia. Also on display will be
an exhibit Of books and other
medical botany materials.
The museum maintains q
permanent exhibit Of some
1000 stamps on general medi-
cal subjects. Robert w. Davis,
Museum historian, is curator.
\
Independence Hall Stamp
With the release Of the 10
cent Independence Hall stamp
at Philadelphia on July 1,
the new regular series will be
complete.
The set Of 10 values, inau-
gurated with the Scent Statue
Of Liberty stamp in April, 1854,
now replaces the last of the
1898 presidential issue.
The new 10-cent stamp,
portraying the historic build
ing in Philadelphia in which
representatives Of the Ameri-
can Colonies met in 1776 to
declare their independence
from Britain, will be printed
In red.
Charles r. Chickering Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
Awards Given
By RoundtubIe

The annual dinner Of the
USDA Photographic Round
table was held May as in the
Friends Meeting House.
Awards were presented to win
ners Of the annual salon May
10. Robert J. Phillips received
the award for best Of show"
for his color transparency
Low Angle at CHA" which was
shot directly beneath the chin
OF the Sphinx in Cairo. Other
awards were made as follows:
Black and white-First pictorial.
Sartain Smith; nrst general. Farrell
hollinssWorth; second pictorial. Mr..
Peterson, Joseph R. Spies. Martin X.
Miller and Mr. Hollingsworth.
Celor = First pictorial. Robert j.
Phillips; frst general Mr.. Spies; Sec
ond pictorial. Robert Peck: honora BILE
mentions, Mr.. Phillips, Mr.. Peck, Miss
Bronette Enrich. Mr.. Spies, Mrs. Mary
milford and James c. Dacey.
New Jficers for l956-57 were intro
duced President Mr.. .Dacey; vice
vice president print and slide anaiy-
sisi. Herman Postlethwaite; vice presi-
dent membership, Edward f. Fietch-
err secretary, Mrs. Robert J. Phillips;
Lensletter editor. Mr.. Phillips.
Edward s. Cobb. on faculty OF the
Graduate School Of USDA. will con-
tlnue 70 serve as adviser to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
PRINT DISPLAY
AT SMITHSONIAN
FOR 3 MONTHS

A special display Of prints
from the National Print Col
lection will be exhibited
June. July and August in
the Northwest Gallery of the
Arts and Industries Build
ing of the Smithsonian In
Stitution, Ninth street at
Jefferson drive S,W. Hours
are from 8 to 4:30 week.
days and Sundays.
Included will be Is re-
Gently purchased prints by
Edward Weston, noted pic
torialist of Carmel, Calf,
also prints by Edward Stei-
chen. Alfred Stieglitz, A.
Aubrey Bodine of Baltimore,
Harry Shigeta, and the late
Harry B. Shaw of WASH
ington.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
CONTEST
CLASSES

A. Babies and Children.
One or more youngsters to BE-
judged for cuteness, expression
OF character. or mood. Sub
Jects may be engaged in any
activity or interest. Adults
may appear If they are not
the principal interest.
b. Activities-Teen-agers or
adults. They may be engaged
in any activity outdoors or in
doors. at any season; occupa-
tons, hobbies. sports and rec
reations: any picture that tells
a story Of an interesting phase
Of everyday life. Children may
appear II they are not the
principal interest.
G. Scenes and "Still Life
Pictures to be judged for see
mic or pictorial appeal-land-
scapes. marine views. historical
spots. street scenes. buildings;
or unusual "still-life" subjects,
including tabletop" or mini
'ature arrangements.
d. Animal Life-Household
pets Ccats. dogs. BIRDS. horses.
farm animals. forest wild life,
ZOO animals, ETC.; any situa-
ton in which the aforesaid
subjects are Of principal In
terest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
CAMERA Angles
Good TitIing Of Movie
Adds Much to interest

should be placed carefully to
avoid parallax errors when
making the copy-also in such
a way as to avoid any reflec-
tons bouncing back into the
lens. Freedom from linear
distortion may be accom-
plished by aligning the cam
era and title card or board.
Light Pastel Shades
With color Aim in the cam
era the background Of the
title should have an attrac-
tive color-light pastel shades
are usually best. If hand let
tering is used cartoon char
acters or drawings can add
appeal to the titles or various
patterns or designs can be
worked into the background.
Photographs from scenes in
the film can also be used as
background for hand lettered
or printed titles. In fact,
there are an infinite number of
ways to make your titles at
tractive as well as informative.
To cut down on cost and the
time consumed in making
titles you can often use road
side signs and similar material
for your titles. Signs an
nouncing the name Of a town
or the approach to a beach or
picnic area can be photo
graphed on the spot and in
serted in the finished Aim at
appropriate spots.
Moving Scroll Technique
To add a bit of the Holly
wood touch you can try some
thing like the moving scroll
title: These are generally used
at the beginning of q Aim for
main title and screen credits.
The information is lettered or
printed on a long card which
is wrapped around a drum.
If the drum is slowly turned
there will be ample reading
time as the message unwinds
before the camera.
AS we have indicated, the
use OF disSolves. wipes and
fades can add to the attrac-
tiveneSS of your titling if used
with discrimination. Don't
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
INDEPENDENCE HALL

INDEPENDENCE HALL
The Decent stamp to be
issued July 4 In Phila-
delphia.
Bureau Of Engraving and
Printing, designer Of the
stamp, made his own drawing
of Independence Hall as seen
from the south side. Charles
A. Brooks engraved the vi
gnette and George L. Huber
the lettering and numeral.
Covers for first day cancel
lation should be addressed to
the Postmaster. Philadelphia,
Pa.
Lorne w. Bentham Of WASH
ing will write Comments on
the Canadian Plate Block
World" as a regular feature
for Weekly Philatelic Gossip.
Mr.. Bentham is a former di-
rector Of the Canadian Phi
latelic Society and former
stamp editor of the Ottawa
Journal.
An artical by Franklin r.
Bruins, jr.. of the Smithsonian
Institution, United States
Revenue Proposals, Essays
and Proofs from the National
Postage Stamp Collection"
will be included in the 1856
Congress Book of the Ameri-
can Philatelic Congress, Editor
David Lidman has announced.
Morris B. Flint has taken
over as manager of the Wood
ward & Lothrop Stamp and
Coi.I department.
New Issues
X
VATICAN CITY - Three
stamps were issued May 10
to commemorate the fifth CEN
tenary of the death of st. Rita.
who became a nun in the Au-
gustine convent at Cascia when
widowed after 18 years of an
unhappy marriage. Values,
all showing st. Rita in prayer,
are 10-lire gray, 25-lire brown
and 35 lire blue.
(PierSon OStrotuD
AUSTRIA-A special stamp
will be released Tuesday to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
old Dominion Club
PIuns Dinner MEETING

The Old Dominion Camera
Club will hold its annual din
ner meeting June II at the
Brookmanor Hot Shoppe, Ar
lington, Va. A selection of
best prints and color slides Of
the year will be judged by
Mr.. and Mrs. Blair Thaw and
he will show his motion pic
ture Navajo Land" For
reservations: Lee Beiser, ia.
8-34l4.D
Last meeting honors went
TO Everett johnson and Frank
Kaye. Runnersup we're Al
thea Tenney and Lloyd
Schwartz.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03

junk up your film with too
many trick shots.
If your camera is provided
with a means for winding the
film backward you can even
produce double-exposed titles.
To do this slightly under
expose q scene related to the
movies locale; then wind the
Aim backward to the starting
point and re-expose. for the
title. In this case the letters
of the title should be dead
white on a black background.
BY slightly overexposing the
title the white letters will burn
into the background scene,
producing the wanted effect.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
D. c. Student Wins
Honorable Mention

Charles G. Del Vecchio, is,
Of 806 Princeton place NV, a
student at Gonzaga High
School, won an honorable
mention in the first national
camera contest sponsored by
Popular Photography Maya
zine exclusively for students Of
the $4,000 high schools in the
United States and Canada.
The citation for Smoke
Ring" will be announced in
the July issue appearing on
newsstands Tuesday.
The local dealer who pro-
vided the contest entry form
was Ritz Camera Center Of
607 Fourteenth street NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
CAMERA ANGLES
BY A. J. WEDDERBURN
Curator Of Photography
The Smithsonian Institution


Whether your home movie
gets OF to a good start often
depends on the professional
quality and workmanship Of
the main title and the subtitles
that follow.
Actually, the first and last
Impressions made on an audi
ence Is by the opening and
closing titles. And. as the fllm
progresses. the audience is
either pleased or annoyed by
the subtitles that you have In
serted from place to place.
Film titles cannot, be it UNI
derstood. serve as a crutch to
help along an inferior movie.
But titling can do much to aid
a fllm that Just falls short of
being a really good home
movie. And f1rst-rate titles will
give q final polish to your best
films and win plaudits from
those who witness your screen
efforts.
Subtitles Can Add Details
A really good movie will tell
Its own story, but q main title
Is needed to set the audience
straight on what to expect.
Subtitles can be used through
out the Aim to supply infor-
nation not contained in the
picture frontage. Examples are
time lapses and location
changes. Sparing use should
be made Of subtitles, however,
for when used too frequently
VIII divert attention from the
now and continuity of the
story. They should in any case
be kept to the point and should
never furnish information that
could be told by the film itself.
An exception to this might
arise if a scene that could not
be reShot should be unsuitable
Tor one Of many reasons.
Most cinematographers will
be able to make film titles with
equipment at hand. We as
sumo, of course, that a tripod
is part of every seriously in
clined camera fans kit. A tri-
pod is definitely essential to
making film titles. Likewise,
an exposure meter should be
used and floods if the titles
are to be made indoors. A
titling outfit, consisting of
background and letters will
help, although it is not essen
tial.
Variations in Titling
Here are some of the ways
you can make professionalism
pearing titles for your home
movies; Hand-lettered titles;
those made on the assembly
boards of the commercial
titlers; printed and typed
titles; those made from signs,
billboards; double exposed
titles; moving scroll titles; and
special effects titles including
those made by notifications Of
wipes, dissolves and fades.
Various combinations of the
above methods can be used for
unusual and dramatic effects.
Even animated titles are now
within the grasp Of the anna
teur.
Perhaps the simplest way to
make your own movie titles Is
by lettering or tipping the
wording on a sheet Of card
board which is then photo
graphed. The movie camera
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
How Coinage Began

TOW Tonnage Began
The use of money has a
comparatively short history
about $500 years, which is a
very thin layer upon the under
lying past of mankind.
Before that people either
grew all they needed or ex-
changed articles through bar
ter. Wealth was counted in
herds. with the OK gradually
becoming the unit of tally.
Even today the price of a
bride in some parts of Africa
Is counted in cattle.
All the natural standards Of
wealth. grain included, had
shortcomings. They were too
bulky and liable to spoilage.
And you can't divide an OK.
unless you kill him first.
So when people began to
find and work precious metals
they tried to bring small Jumps
Of white gold (electrum) into
. fixed relationship with the
OK unit.
Homer's Iliad, rejecting the
cultural background Of 1900
to 1000 Z. c.. speaks of a
talent of gold about the
weight of a $3.50 gold piece
as the equivalent Of an OK.
These pellets were not coins in
the strict sense Of the word.
They were a commodity. to be
weighed with each transact
ton.
Somewhat later, about $50
B. c.. merchants in Asia Minor
began to mark with their own
devices the Jumps going
through their hands, in order
to avoid examining and weigh
ing them again if the same
pellets returned to them at q
later date.
From there it was Just a
step to the first true coins.
produced when the kings of
Lydia placed their own stamp
Of approval on the Jumps, thus
guaranteeing their full value.
PAUL S. SZEGO.
The Washington Numistatfc
Society will make every effort
to reply to questions OF a gen.
eral-tntereSt nature addressed
to this column. 1t cannot price
coins described by mail nor
find purchasers for material
so offered.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
Cumeru Club to Meet

Bethesda Chevy Chase
Camera Club will meet Tues
day at 8 pm. in Lynbrook
Recreation Center, Bethesda,
for u general meeting and
black-white competition.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
Foto-Cruft Session

The Foto Craft Camera
Club will hold a color session
at 8 pm. Tuesday at the
YMcA, 1915 Twelfth street
NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
STAMP AND COIN
CLUB MEETINGS
MONDAY

Washington NumiSmatic So
ciety, 8 pm. National Museum.
Tenth street and Constitution
avenue NV. Quarterly auc-
ton of coins. paper money and
medals. Frederic Neeson, auc-
tioneer.
TUESDAY
TakOma Park PhiIatelic As
ISOLATION, 1880 pm, 1901
Flower avenue. Silver Spring,
Md.
WEDNESDAY
Collectors Club Of Washing
ton, 8 pm, 4l9 Seventh street
NV. l.. l.. MacKallor will
speak on Stamps Used
Abroad"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03

call attention to the 23d Inter-
national Congress for Housing
and Town Planning to be held
in Vienna July 1928.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
NUMISMATIC
NOTES

This is the first OF a series
of authoritative articles on
coins and paper money pre-
pared for The Star By mem
bers OF the Washington NJ
nliSmGtic Society:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
AROUND THE BRIDGE TABLE
Half Match Point Wins
League Championship

dener. 2-Mr. Gormsen. g.
Robert w. Byrns.
Next WBL title play is slated
for June 20 and a, featuring
simultaneously two annual
contests: mems and women's
pair championships. Arrange
partnerships now - open to
WBL members.
, 1956-03-05

Continued from Saturday.
JOURNAL
OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST LEGISLATURE
OF THE VIRGIN IA
First Special Session 1855
WEDNESDAY, April q, 1855
The Vice President convened the meeting at 3 F. M,
Present were:
ERIC H. RRO
JOSEPH "A. GOMEZ
N FRITS LAWAETZ
$500 JOHN d. MERWI
6T LUCINDA MILLIN
r OTTLEY
RHYMER
JORGE RODRIGUEZ
PERCIVAL H. REESE
The following correspondence were read:
GOVERNMENT OF n
THE VIRGIN ISLANDS OF THE UNITED STATES
Charlotte Amalie, 81. Thomas
April 26, 1856
The Honorable President and Members
Of the Legislature Of the eUnited States Virgin Islands
list Special Session, 1859
Charlotte Amalie,
st. Thomas, Virgin Islands
Sirs:
Acknowledgment, is respectfully made of receipt of a
letter, signed by Hon. Earle E. Otley, Vice President, and dat
ed April Is, relative to an appropriation. for the expenses Of
the Legislature for Fiscal Year 1856.
i agree with Senator Ottley that an appropriation is need
ed for the orderly functions of the Legislature during the
fiscal year, and I shall approve of such an appropriation
which / believe to be reasonable and necessary.
Need l remind you that in the Congressional c~onsidera-
ton and passage of the Revised Organic Act the wanton ex-
of public funds for the expenses of the Legisla-
ture and the legislators was most severely criticized. The prac-
tie of the legislature Of keeping a large staff Of employees
on a year round basis is held by the Department of Interior
to be indefnsible, and not in the interest Of economy.
Appropriations from the General Fund already made and
at present under consideration by the Legislature are, accord
ing to the best estimates that can now be made on the basis
of existing taxes, nearly a million dollars in excess of reve-
nues that will be available to the General Fund. Unless it
can be shown that this deficit will be l~iquidated by revenues
estimated to accrue from the revised tax laws to be passed
by the Legislature, no j~ustidable addition. should be made
to the excess of authorized expenditures over estimated re-
venues.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-12

turned from Pacific inspection
tour. Therefore. his report, along
with that of Gen. Gruenther. will
give the President up-to-the-
minute knowledge of the situa-
tons on both areas.
While attention has been
focused largely on Europe. there
also may be some further man.
power cuts in the Pacific. AL
ready the Joint Chiefs have APP
proved consolidation of the Far
East Command in Tokyo with
that of the Nays headquarters
lat Pearl Harbor. This will bring
about some personnel savings.
But some "streamlining" of
combat forces also may be ex-
Ipected in the Pacific.
Gen. Gruenther said NATO
members now are making their
annual study of force require
Iments for the West European de-
Tense system. The results will be
passed on to the ministers level
The four-star General said
the impact of reduced birth
rate in World War II in Europe
including Russia--is now be-
ginning to show in military man
power and is reflected in the
availability of troops among
NATO members. Thus, he said
some of the nations now study-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-12
Soil Bank Pay
Scheduled Soon
BY the Associated Press

A Department of Agriculture
official said yesterday the first
checks to farmers participating
in the 1856 soil bank program
may go out shortly after Labor
Day.
The department is preparing
to distribute within a few days
detailed instructions on how to
compute payments to farmers
who voluntarily curtail surplus
production under the program.
Charles M. Cox of the Com
modify bilization Service said
it would mot be unreasonable"
to expect the first checks to
reach some farmers soon after
Labor Day
The department already has
announced that farmers have
agreed to take enough crop land
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-12

lout Of production this year to
earn soil bank payments totaling
1924 .4l4,000.
When this figure was an
Inounced August 8. the Depart
ment said the first payments
would be made by early fall.
Instructions on computing the
payments will be forwarded to
county Agricultural Stabiliza-
ton Committees, which will
distribute checks to participant
ing farmers.
Nh Cox said the initial distri-
button of checks would depend
on how soon the county COM
mittees can check on compliance
with the program and make the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-12

necessary calculations in the
case of each farm.
Therefore. he said, 1t is I'M
likely there will be any uniform
nationwide date for the mail
ing of the first payments.
The soil bank program was
authorized by Congress earlier
this year at the beheSt of Pres
Iident Eisenhower, who made it
the cornerstone of his election
year farm program.
Its declared purpose is to cut
production below market needs
and thereby provide an outlet for
government-held Surpluse IS,
which the administration says
have been depressing farm
prices
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-08-12

expected to soon. Mr.. EiSen-
hover told a news conference last
Wednesday he planned to con-
fer with the general Ito see ex-
actly what his thinking is" on
reducing the forces in Europe.
Gen. Gruenther was asked yes
terday about published report
that he had repeatedly indicated
his belief that neither the United
States nor Britain forces as
signed to NATO should be re-
duced.
NO" he replied. that isn't
exactly what I've said. The mat
ter is, and has to be constantly
under study"
He also said Britain and
France have not as yet given his
Paris headquarters, to which he
will return Tuesday, any indi-
cations of plans to pull troops
out of Europe for movement to
the troubled Suez Canal area.
The general explained. in an
swer to questions, that there
would be no reason for making
such decision pending the
forthcoming Suez conference in
London.
Talks With Chiefs
The NATO chief talked with
both Admiral Arthur w. Rad
ford, chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff, and Gen. Max
we'll D. Taylor. Army Chief OF
staff. But he declined to dis
cusS their views on American
military strength or the pros
poets of a reduction in the forces
deployed in Europe.
The Joint Chiefs are currently
studying the possibility of man.
power cuts in the light Of in
creasing reliance on Supersonic
aircraft and nuclear weapons
Their recommendations to De-
Tense Secretary Wilson are ex-
pected shortly.
Mr.. Wilson has said some re-
auctions might occur in troops
used to give support to combat
forces and that the latter might
come in for some streamlining.
Admiral Radford has just re-