davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1956-03-05
TODAYS N
HIGHLiGHTS

1880, WRC l4)-Gordon Mac
Rae Show: (Replaces Tony
MARTINI Phil Harris visits.
1880, WTTG 81 Spy: Bits
and Pieces"-the story of q
famous spy. Maria Sorrel.
$500. WTOP ts)-Burns and
Allen: Ronnie mouths the
words of a recording and
fools his dad, who thinks
the voice he hears is his
sons.
$500, WRC (4-Producer RS
Showcase: Bernard Shaw's
comedy, Caesar and Cleo
patra,". with Claire Bloom
and Cedric Hardwicke in the
title roles; also Judith Ander-
son, Farley Granger, Jack
Hawkins and Cyril Ritchard.
lColor.)
$500, WMAL tD-Reader'S Di-
gest: Sensitive boy runs away
after clash with studious
father.
$3.50, WNIAL (0-Voice of Fire
stone: Roberta Peters sings
mo Other Love" and "The
World Is Mine Tonight"
$500, WTOP t9-I Love Lucy:
Lucy hires an actor who
looks and acts like Charles
Evening star., 1956-03-05
TODAY'S, RADIO
HIGHLGHTS

1880, WGMS-Music From Ger
many: First United States
performance of Werner Egk's
Allagri. David Berger inter-
views Aaron COPELAND.
$500, WMAL-Your Better To-
morrow: DR.. Rose Franzblau
discusses the first year of
marriage and why husbands
change after marriage: an in
terview with Pearl Mesta, and
an exhibit in the Museum of
Natural History in New York
reveals mans progress to
civilization.
500, WASH, 1890, WWDC-
True Detective: Police dis
cover a man who has been
poisoned by a cocktail in an
unusual case of homicide.
Sis, WRC-Boston Symphony
Orchestra: Selections are
Haydn's Surprise Symphony"
and the Symphony No. Q"
by contemporary American
composer Paul Creston.
$3.50, WMAL-Voice of Fire
stone: Roberta Peters will
sing selections from Rodgers
and Hammersteip and Jerome
Kern.
900, WRC The Telephone
Hour: Tonight's guest SOLO
ist is Metropolitan Opera
Bass-Baritone George Lon
don.
$3.50, WRC-Contrasts in Mu-
sic: The Eastman School of
Music of the University of
Rochester Orchestra under
the direction of DR.. Howard
Hanson will play Concerto in
D by Vivaldi. and Howard
Hanson's Fantasy Variations
on q Theme of Youth" T"
$3.50, WMAL-Harold E. Stas-
sen: 1.-THE Chances for Peace"
will be the subject of an ad-
dress by Special Assistant to
the President for Disarma-
ment Harold E, StaSSen,
Evening star., 1956-03-05

Boyer-and it turns out to
be he.
$3.50, WRC t4)-Robert Mont
gomery: Story of judge who
as candidate for Governor
proves himself less a saint
and more a man; Raymond
Massey, Valerie Cossart.
$3.50, WMAL ca = Medical
Horizons: Pickup from Air
Medical Laboratory at
Wright-Patterson Air Force
Base in Ohio.
10000, WTOP (9)-Studio One:
A cabbie fights back bravely
when he is attacked by thugs
in "a Favor for Sam"
10:30, WMAL t7)-Top plays for
1856: mot Captain Material"
stars Dennis Morgan. who
risks a promotion by making
a dangerous landing to aid
Ill passenger.
lO:45, WTTG (5l-M a dis o n
Square Garden: Sports high
lights of week include K. of C.
track meet; Manhattan VS..
DePaul.
Evening star., 1956-03-05
BALTIMORE W

(Here are some evening pro-
grams on nearby Baltimore sta
tions which differ from those
available on local channels.)
600 (2)-Gene Autry and Car
toonS.
800 CID - Officer Happy's
Rascals.
900 Q3)-Pioneer Club.
6:15 Q3)-Hold the Phone.
$50 (2)-Commercial Film.
6:45 (2)-Ten Minute Time
Out.
GAS (l3)-Film FunnieS.
TOO QD Damon RunyOn
1890 QD-Man Behind the
Badge.
1900 (13)--Movie: "Charlie
Chan in Shanghai" t1935.)
1880 (2)-Fabian of Scotland
Yard.
Evening star., 1956-03-05
ADvERsrlrENr.
3 Times sser For
Gas on stDmach

Certified laboraton -. prove Beil.ans
tablets neutralize f',nes as much
stomach aeidity inA minute as many
leading digestive MI Get Bell.ans
today for the fassst1bwn relief. 2st
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01
Hosts Become Less Hospitob|e
Toward Our Overseas Bases

phasiZed that such an easing had
long been the goal of United States
foreign policy. But it follows, mill
tary men say. that the same general
relaxation is prevalent throughout
all the non-Communist world. They
fear that this factor, added to the
certainty of Red attack on our
bases in allied nations in the event
OF war. might wreck the entire de-
Tense structure as 1t exists today.
There seems little doubt that the
air power balance is still in favor
Of the West. decisively. But the sit
uation is changing almost day-by-
day, and there is no assurance that
We will continue indefinitely to
possess adequate deterrent power
to make suicidal any atomic blitz-
krieg.
Thus far, the Eisenhower admin
istration has exhibited no outward
concern over the pattern Of events
affecting our overseas bases. Top
Pentagon officials went down the
line for the administrations esti-
mate Of defense funds for the next
fiscal year. But Congress seems to
have needed the words of Gen.
LeMay and other Air Force spokes-
men. On Friday the House con-
CURED in the Senate action adding
over 5000 million to the Air Force
appropriation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01
Freedom and Sciences Reports Ruso Achievements

Today, all that has changed COM
pletely. The Russians know how to
make scientific equipment, equal in
quantity and quality to any in the
world. and they have plenty of
people who know how to use it. 1t
is the speed and suddenness of
their progress which are impressive.
What they have done with their
equipment is not yet so exciting.
Since the war, six flrst-class and
revolutionary experiments have
been done in physics. OF these,
one was done in Italy. one in Eng
land, and four in the United States.
None so far in Russia.
The second main fact which we
established beyond doubt was this.
Russian work in physics is now es-
sentially free. l am not speaking
here about political freedom. This,
of course, does not exist in Russia.
and will not exist in the foreseeable
future. But a reasonable scientific
freedom does now exist. That is to
say. Russian physicists enjoy the
oasic professional freedoms, to work
on problems of their own choos-
ing, to publish their results, and to
discuss their ideas with foreign col
leagues. These freedoms are re-
stricted by security rules which are
similar to ours. perhaps slightly
/ found the only subject the Rus
SLAMS we're unwilling TO talk about
was the construction Of their latest
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01
BY DIR. FREEMAN DYSON

I spent two weeks in May of this
year going to scientific meetings in
Moscow, talking with Russian ply
sicians and sitting in Russian lab
oratories. A dozen Americans and
many other foreigners were there.
All of us reported, after we came
home, that we were aStonished at
the enthusiasm, the competence and
the solid achievements of the Rus
sian scientists.
Now, the editor of The Sun asks
me a question. He says, 1T is COM
monty stated by men OF science
that freedom is essential to a
healthy scientific climate. And yet
we learn from members of your
group that Russian science. which
has surely had to put up with Sc
curity arrangements more stringent
than ours, is in a flourishing condi-
ton, and that Russian scientists
show evidence of the highest morale
in their personal and scientific
life How can this be SOP" He in
vites me to set down my thoughts
about this question. And | am
happy to do so. because the ques-
ton is a real and important one. If
science is to continue to flourish in
our country, we scientists must sue
coed in making our needs under
stood by the public. For this rea-
son, I welcome every chance to ex-
plain our situation, and especially
70 explain the nature OF the chal-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01

often?" and, BE sure to tell the
people in your countries, and your
wives and children, that we would
like to see more of them"
Friendly Responses
am fairly sure that this sailor.
had not been planted, briefed or
warned beforehand of our coming.
II it had been a plant, the inter-
prefers would not have walked
away. And in Moscow ! talked
with several other nonscientif1c
Russians whom l met casually in
the street, and they all made the
same kind of response to me.
The moral of this story is that
the ordinary Russian people have
an understanding of the value and
Importance Of pure science And
they understand and take pride in
the fact that learned foreigners
come to their country to exchange
ideas. II is the atmosphere Of
public UNDERSTANDING which makes
the prospects for the future of
science in Russia look so bright
Their scientists have a professional
freedom which is not much less
than ours, and they have a public
support which is in some ways
much greater. l can only hope
that an American coast-guard
sentry, confronted Unexpectedly
with a group of Russian physicists
speaking broken English. would
have behaved with equal intelli-
gence and respect.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01

electronic computers. This subject
was clearly classified for them,
although it is "unclassified" for us
On the other hand, they could talk
about some experiments relating to
thermonuclear reactions, which for
us are still classified.
Freedom Is New
The freedom of Russian science is
quite new. 1t came suddenly, soon
after the death of Stain. Until
two years ago. nothing whatever
was published of experimental work
in nuclear physics. There was no
possibility of personal contacts with
foreign scientists. even from the
satellite countries. And high pro-
portion of the physicists were en-
gagged in military work. Two years
ago, the whole atmosphere changed.
People poured back from the mill
tary projects into pure science,
publication was encouraged, and
international meetings allowed.
All this had an intoxicating effect
on Russian scientists. Suddenly
to be given these freedoms, which
they had not known for Is years,
filled them with optimism and self
confidence for the future. All the
time we were in Russia. we could
feel how happy they were to be
allowed to talk to us. Their en-
thusiasm and high morale is di-
rectly caused by their new expert
ence Of freedom. The super strict
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01

They have understood that the
power Of American science depends
on America freely and openly at
tracing people and ideas from all
over the world. And they intend
now to beat us at our own game.
l will end this discussion with
one little story. After the meetings
were over, group of foreign scien-
lists with two interpreters went
sightseeing in the country around
Leningrad. We walked by mistake
into some kind of coast-guard sta
ton, evidently a restricted area,
but nothing Of Importance. An
ordinary Russian seaman came out
to shoe us away, shouting, "Nelzya,"
which means Forbidden" At the
same time, we noticed that our
interpreters. evidently unwilling to
be held responsible for this error,
were walking rapidly away in the
opposite direction.
So we stayed and had friendly
chat with the seaman in our broken
Russian. When l said We were
foreign scientists, he Immediately
said, "Oh, l know who YOU are.
You are the people who have been
at the meeting in Moscow, and you
know all about pi-mesons and mu-
mesons.' He pulled out of his
pocket crumpled copy of Pravda
where there was report Of our
proceedings. He talked then with
great warmth, saying, Why do you
not come TO our country more
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01

plant were organized until the local
Citizens Council began opposing
the union with community pres
sures, mostly social.
This same report said unless
some exposure (of the prosegrega-
ton leadership is planned, any
organizing might as well stop at
the MaSon-Dixon line"
When asked about the report in
Washington, George Weaver, chair
man of the AFL-CIO Civil Rights
Committee, said. II am inclined to
agree that it will be difficult if not
impossible to organize in the South
under these conditions"
National Stond Is Clear
The national leadership of the
unions has made its prointegration
stand abundantly clear and in do
ing so has set up the unions as real
targets in the South.
Further, in 1854 the Philip Muir
ray Foundation, financed by volun-
tary contributions to honor the late
CLIO leader, contributed $4,000 to
the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People.
In the deep Southland in places
not so deep-the NAACP is con-
sidered by prosegregationists as
the real enemy, the well-heeled foe
who would force indignation on I'M
willing SouthernerS.
Both the American Federation Of
Labor and the Congress of Indus
trial Organizations insist that no
money has come from their ma
tional treasures for the NAACP
either before or since their merger.
But in February the executive
council of the AFL- CLIO met at Mi
ami Beach, Fla, and declared that
white Citizens Councils have
sprung up as a new Ku Klux Khan
to preserve racial segregation and
f1ghtNlabor unions"
The union officials formally said
that 1.-The Citizens Councils are not
only seeking to divide the cities of
the South on the basis of race, they
are exploiting racial prejudice to
divide workers :"
The union group also declared
that if Federal money is allocated
under a school construction aid
program to States which have not
complied with the Supreme Court
desegregation decision, it would if
necessary instigate legal proceed
ings Ito prevent such misuse of the
taxpayers money"
Rome Ca AFL-CIO leaders
wired Mr.. Meany asking in sub
stance that he and other union
leaders please shut up, that they
we're running organizing efforts with
such statements.
In Birmingham. Ala, "a members
Of a 98-man work crew at the
Tennessee Coal. Iron & Railroad
Co., United States Steel subsid-
larry. threatened to leave the union
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01

Soviet targets, before Red bombers
could wing their way to launch an
atomic attack on the vitals Of the
non-Communist world.
Cornerstone OF West
For the most part, the bases have
been planned, built, equipped and
manned as a cooperative project
of nations of the West. The corner
stone of the entire Vests defense
strategy, of course. has been the ex-
lstence of the United States Stra-
tegic Air Command, and the United
States Stockpiling of an arsenal of
nuclear weapons capable of de-
Stroying every strategic target in
the Soviet Union in a matter of
weeks.
The United States, in corpora
ton with the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization Council, has main
tanned as primary bases USAF in
Stallations in the continental United
States, Greenland, Iceland, Britain,
North Africa, and Okinawa. From
these bases, intercontinental bomb
erS could strike at Soviet territory
and. If necessary, fly on to friendly
bases on the other side Of the Red
perimeter. Bases in France, West
Germany, Spain, the Netherlands,
Belgium. Norway. Greece, Turkey,
Denmark, Italy and Portugal can
handle medium-range bombers and
fighters. Spain, when current con-
struction is completed, will have
four and later perhaps additional
bases manned by SAC bomber
squadrons capable Of hitting Soviet
targets easily.
In the unhappy event that most
of these overseas bases would be no
longer available to SAC, the deter
rent power of the medium bomber
currently the BAD would be can
celled. All that would be eft, in
the existing state of affairs, would
be such numbers of intercontinenta
bombers as the United States and
1lCl OlOSCSI dl1lCS POOSCSSCO.
The B-36, that great bone of con-
tention in the Admirals' revolt"
Of l949. is today obsolete as match
for modern fighters in speed and al
titude. The B-52 is our reliance to-
day for effective long-range, high
altitude strikes. But Gen. Curtis
LeMay. SAC commander, has testi-
fed before the Senate Armed Serv-
ices Committee that Cd we don't
have enough B-52's in operation,
and co the production rate of about
four month is far. far behind the
Soviet production rate Of the inter-
continental Bison"
Yet, with the B-52 in short supply
and the, John a thing of the indefi-
mite future, the United States to-
day is faced with a bitter reality:
many of our overseas bases are in
danger of being lost to US, not
through the action of the Soviet
Union but through the action OF
our own allies.
Sees Easing OF Tension
Secretary of State Dulles, at his
press conference last Wednesday,
ascribed the anti-air base results
in the Iceland parliamentary cleo
tons to an easing Of international
tensions rather than to any basic
anti-American sentiment. He en-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01

security system of Stains time pro-
duced high morale only in this
negative way. like the man in the
lunatic asylum who continually beat
his head against a brick wall be-
cause it felt so good when he
stopped.
Official Awakening
The good experimental work
which has been done in Russia was
done after the new regime began.
We found clear evidence that the
different laboratories in Moscow
had been isolated from each other
during the earlier time, and that
this had hampered their work con-
siderably. For example, the big
cyclotron in Moscow had been work.
ing since 1949, and was for several
years a better machine than any
working in this country. But no
body with imaginative ideas for new
experiments had access to it. and
so the basic experiments which
established the properties of the
meson were all done in America.
1t is clear that the Soviet gov
eminent now understands the fact,
which the American Government
always knew, that scientific progress
demands scientific freedom. 1t is
also clear that the Soviet govern
ment is spending enormous amounts
Of money on pure science. and seri-
ously intends to make Moscow the
scientific capital pr thS world
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01

public school desegregation as de-
creed by the United States Supreme
Court May II, 1854.
Yet hundreds of union members
throughout the deep South belong
to organizations such as the White
Citizens Councils which are dedi-
Gated to the maintenance of
segregation.
Traditionally the deep South is
prosegregation and antiunion.
There have been-and are-tre-
mendous community pressures to
maintain these traditions. For the
union member who has already
parted with one tradition the queS-
ton is whether he can part with
the second, and still be accepted
in the community.
Unionists Admit Dilemma
Union leaders make no bones
about their dilemma. They fully
realize that the situation for unions
contains the seeds of regional de-
Struction.
Charles Gilman. assistant direc-
tor for the AFL-CIO in Alabama,
Georgia and Florida, says: Il would
say industry could use this to de-
Stroy unions; in fact is using it,"
From George Meany. AFL-CIO
president, on down to the State
union level, there is an expressed
belief that the prosegregation Citi-
1ens Councils, the various States
rights groups and the little-noticed
but influential Federation for Con-
stitutional Government are also
antilabor.
The Fog is q coalition of the top
leaders Of the prosegregation move
ment from Virginia to Texas. headed
by John U. Barr. a New Orleans
industrialist, member of the Citi-
zens Councils and a onetime leader
in the 1948 States right Democrat
movement.
Mr.. Barr emphatically insists that
the Fog lis neither anti-Negro nor
antilabor."
I'VE believe in individual liberty
and constitutional government, he
said in an interview. I'VE have
and will continue to fight for right
to-work laws"
Right-to-work laws prohibit
union shops Devout labor unionists
say they destroy the collective Sc
curity foundation of the unions.
IN any case, union leaders believe
they are in for very real and very
tough fight.
A still confidential report to the
National Executive Council of the
AFL-CIO says: 1T is becoming in
creasingly difficult to organize white
and Negro workers employed at the
same job, especially where this
neo-Ku Klux Khan movement has
gained foothold"
AS a case in point. the report
cited the Manhattan Raybestos
plant at Charleston. S. c. 1t
claimed that rs per cent Of the
white and Negro workers at the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01

cided at the famous Congress Of
Vienna under the watchful eye of
Metternich, does not today play a
leading role in Europe's affairs. To
the average American of the mid
goth Century, it is just another
rather small country about which
he knows very little, if anything.
Yet it is country in which the
American taxpayer has put nearly
SIS billion since World War II.
Austria's liberation was a declared
goal of the United States during the
war and at the Potsdam Conference.
But. not until 10 years later, when
the Russians in their pre-Geneva
mood withdrew their army and with
it their iron curtain, was that United
States goal achieved last summer.
Today. reorganized following the
May election, the Austrian coalition
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01

rather than see "our segregated
way of life destroyed"
These members Of the United
Steel Workers said they understood
union funds were being used
against us by the NAACP. In the
future If any more Of our funds
are used for this purpose, action will
be taken as to how it can be
stopped"
Mr.. Gilman said he had reports
from Birmingham of Steelworkers
locals barring Negro members from
meetings.
At two large meetings of Citizens
Councils in Birmingham union To-
cal officials appeared as council
executives.
ntilnteereeotion Union Group
In Chattanooga, Tenn, members
OF nine local unions have started a
movement to organize an anti-in-
tegration Southern States Confer
ence of Union People"
A. A. Canada, member of the
local Pressmen'S Union and chair
man of the new organizations or
ganlzing committee, said 10000
copies of a resolution giving the
aims of the conference had been
mailed to union men in Tennessee.
The resolution charges that the
AFL-CIO is under control of labor
leaders who are aiding and abet-
ting the mixing of white and Negro
races in our public schools and else
where"
Mr. Canada also is president of
the Tennessee Society to Maintain
Segregation.
In Memphis. Tenn, Local 988 of
the United Auto Workers threat
ened to quit the national union.
The threat came after Herschel
Davis of Detroit. administrative
assistant to a JAW vice president,
said: You are no longer holding
meetings for union business. You
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-07-01

ing so while making the heavy pay
ments to the Soviet Union provided
for under the Austrian state treaty"
Not only is Austria burdened by
reparatlons payments to the USSR,
but 1t is undertaking to form an
army. The reparations payments
include S25 million in goods each
year for six years plus million tons
of oil a year for 10 years. Austria
now produces 3l2 million tons of
oil year.
Elections Reflect Relief
The visitor soon learns the relief
the Austrians feel over the end
of the Russian occupation. In the
May elections the Communists, who
had had only four Of the 165 seats
in the Nazionalrat, the lower house
of the Parliament, were reduced to
three seats. and in the upper house
they also lost seat.
While continuing to operate the
industries nationalized after the
war the Austrian government must
decide whether to return to private
hands other industries which were
Soviet-controlled during the Rus
sian occupation. Among other
economic problems is that of the
reorientation of trade, which in
their zone the Russians geared to
1.-THE bloc; and that of unemploy-
ment, which in some spots has
reached as high as 80 per cent.
Austro-American relations are on
sound and friendly footing and
there is no sign that they will not
continue so. Partly surrounded by
the Iron Curtain, little Austria re-
mains a bastion of the West.