davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-09
A Necessary Bridge?

So it is with the notion that
segregation has always been dis
criminatory. In historical perspec-
tive the separate but-equal doctrine
may be seen as a necessary bridge
in the transition from slavery to
citizenship. If it denied the Negro
certain rights granted to whites.
1t also guaranteed him certain
privileges and immunities at
time he was not equipped to COM
pete on equal footing with his white
neighborS.
The gross abuses are an essential
part of the record. They were and
are indefensible-and because of
this they provided the cutting edge
that has removed the legal under
pinning of segregation. But no.
blesse oblige was part of the system,
too-the recognized obligation of
the strong to protect the weak
and this, too, is disappearing IN
the transition that is now well
under way.
Both these deeply held ideas will
survive for the foreseeable future.
They will provide the rallying point
for those who. in Ralph McGill's
phrase, are now engaged in guer-
rilla fighting among the ruins of
the old segregated society. They
will continue for some years to
shape political decisions and So
cial customs.
Yet already an increasing num-
Der Of Southerners are cropping for
new accommodations-not because
the old attitudes are necessarily
changing, but because they are be-
ginning to understand that the
shifting racial pattern is only part
Of the great change that is sweep
ing over the region--and by no
means the most important part.
Legal segregation was only one
Of the three peculiar institutions
that set the Southern region apart
through most of its history. The
other two were the one-crop agga-
rian conomy-made possible by
the slave. and necessary by his
emancipation--and the one-party
political system, brought into being
as a means of DISTINGUISHING the
freedmen. All three Of these in
stitutions are so closely interrelated
as TO be virtually one, and none
can survive the others.
Thus the Southern leaders who
are working, with marked sue
cess, 10 industrialize the region
are undermining the system Of
segregation many Of them 50
passiOnately defend.
The pattern Of change Is not
even. nor is II likely TO be. / have
myself here come perilously close
TO being trapped By one Of the over
simplihcations / have been de-
ploring. There is not one South.
but many Souths-each significantly
different in the racial composition
Of It's population and In is tradi-
ton. Segregation in education IL
already dead letter In more than
half the states that required IL prior
70 the Supreme Court decision IN
the public school cases.
The border states are well along
in the transition. and nov the
process Is beginning on a limited
scale In few Of the upper Southern
cities--With Louisville the most no
table among those that could BE-
considered primarily Southern IN
character.
This trend viii continue. be-
heye. In the upland counties Of the
Southern states prOper-ths eoun-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-09

This has made a commuter out
Of Gov. McKeldin. Like other Gov
ernors before him, he has a rented
ONCE in Baltimore in addition to
his regular but less-used Office in
the Annapolis State House. The
State provides a couple of limou-
sines with State trooper chauffeurs
to whisk him the 80 miles back
and forth between Baltimore and
Annapolis.
Governor FovoFs Baltimore
The Governor. himself a Balti-
morean. has done little TO reverse
the increasing concentration Of
State government in Baltimore.
Nor has Controller Tawes.
In this they have sided with
State bureaucrats who argue that
Baltimore's central and convenient
location makes for more economic
operation Of the various arms Of
government
About the only opposition TO the
bureaucrats. as they gradually en-
trenched their agencies in Balti-
more, came from Annapolis groups,
who we're themselves open TO the
criticism that they had a selfish
interest in getting more State en-
ployes in the capital.
Most Of the rest Of the State has
been surprisingly spathetic toward
this bureaucratic piracy And IT'S
really too bad. because Annapolis
would have made q beautiful cap
itAi stty.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-09
DISTRICT
Suspense Story: How
Will Roy Chalk Do?

Now when Mr.. Chalk goes to city
officials asking for their help to
speed up service and cut costs he
finds warmer climate than did
the operators Of the old Capital
Transit. To avoid the prospect of
socialized transit. the officials
really want to keep Mr.. Chalk in
business.
Concession from AAA
Even the District Advisory Board
Of the American Automobile Asso-
citation. dedicated to protecting the
interests of the private motoriSt-
often in conflict with the interests
of transit-has said that it rec
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-09

local proyincialism, which in Co
lonial times was considerable, and
to assure relatively uniform body
of law.
At the time, it was feared that
the State courts, only recently cut
loose from British law, might ex-
hibit much variation in developing
legal doctrines and that this might
prove tough on out-of-Staters.
So Tor many years the Federal
courts went their own way, apply
ing the law as they saw At. Then
in 1888 the United States Supreme
Court decided Erie RR Us. TompEins,
and the entire picture changed.
The gist of the decision was that
in deciding diversity" and other
cases Federal courts must hence
forth apply the law Of the State
wherein the cause of action arose.
This decision nullified much Of
the original purpose in allowing
diversity" cases to be brought in
Federal courts.
No doubt arguments can be
mustered against abandoning Fed
eral jurisdiction in these cases, but
it is powerful idea and one which
may lead to worthwhile reform
particularly in view of the time now
consumed on questions of juris-
diction.
z. Setting up an arbitration system
to settle minor civil court coses.
Pennsylvania is already trying
this in its State courts, and the
way it works is something like this:
Where the matter in contention
is a minor one and the sums Of
money involved are relatively small,
the participants endeavor to settle
their differences before an arbi-
tration board rather than in court.
The arbitration panels consist Of
three lawyers appointed by the
courts from a list of attorneys who
volunteer their services. Com
plainants in the case can object to
any member of the panel If they
wish. The lawyers serving on panels
are paid from SIS to $35 per case,
depending on its complexity. Hear
ings are held in courtrooms under
the usual rules of evidence. Only
one is scheduled for a particular
time and place.
Over a years trial basis 1t has
been found that the average small
case can be settled within so days
using this method. OF course,
complaints can appeal to the
courts If they don't like the arbi-
tration result-but by this time
they have the benefit Of expert
legal thinking on their problem,
and the stakes are seldom worth
the extra cost involved.
In short, this system seems to
have the double advantage of Civ
ing the small claimant his day in
court" while relieving the courts Of
time consuming minor trials.
3. Increasing the use Of the pre-
triol herring to reduce octuoI
trioI time.
What this amounts to is simply
getting the facts Of any given legal
argument settled in advance. Both
parties to a dispute, prior to the ac-
\ tual trial, take part at q hearing
which is designed solely to establish
the exact circumstances which
caused the suit OF course, it isn't
always possible to get agreement on
these facts, but many Of them can
be cleared up in advance and thus
save a tremendous amount of time
usually taken up in court for the
purpose.
In other words, If both parties to
a suit come into trial agreeing on
at least some of the facts involved
in the case. the court can devote its
major efforts to proper application
of the law and thus wind up the
case quickly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-09
A SOUTHERN VIEW

ties where the Negro population Is
sparse and the practice of segrega-
ton has never been buttressed by
unyielding social sanction. In the
Deep South there is not yet any
perceptible break in the solid front
and indeed the immediate result
of every popular test in the recent
election may be taken to indicate
that none is in prospect.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-09

49,
Quoting one of the
StrangeSt and most
historic military
ca m paign ms of
modern times.
The officer is
Maj. Gen. Edison
Louis Millar d
Burns, comman-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-09

der of the United Nations Emer-
gency Force, now being deployed
along the Suez Canal and other
parts of Egypt.
He is the commander of an army
ordered not to wage war but
prevent war, not to conquer ter
ritory but patrol territory-an
army with no legal or military en-
forcement power, vague authority
even to shoot a pistol and whose
major weapon is the blue and white
flag Of the United Nations.
AS head of this nonfighting
army, Gen. Burns must play a
police role in the Middle East with
soldiers who pack pistols and rifles
and little else. He must move
through a maze of tangled diplo-
macy in an area still charged with
tension. He must check con-
stantly with U. N. headquarters
here on his delicate mission, to
avoid making even one false move
which could detonate a new inter-
national crisis.
So far. he seems to be succeed
ing. And with his success, the first
truly international army In history
has come into being.
Gen. Burns. as he marches into
Egypt at the head of this army,
seems very much aware that he is
carrying out an historic campaign
and setting important international
presidents.
Already. TuniSia wants the U. N.
Emergency Force to go to strife
torn Algeria and Pakistan has sug-
gested it be made into a perma-
nent U. N. army.
There is even talk of sending
UNEF to the borders Of FESTIVE
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-09
By SIDNEY WISE

UNITED NATIONS, N. with
the Middle East still smoldering,
much of the hope for future peace
in that explosive area now rests
on Canadian officer who is con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-09
Continued From Page AIS

ishing point with the general social
improvement of the minority race.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-09
Gen. Burns Commands
Worlds Strongest Army

Syria but no formal proposal Il
this effect has yet been made.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-06

be the first such nuclear plant
to be installed in a surface ship.
The cruiser will be about H.
900 tons. and its total cost will
be about $87.5 million.
In addition, the Navy also is
going ahead with designs and
procurement on a nuclear-
powered plant for an aircraft
carrier. It is estimated that the
feet will be completely converted
to nuclear power within 20 years.
Already the Navy is operating
an atomic-powered submarine,
the Nautilus. A second atom sub,
the Sea Wolf, is ready for COM
missioning, and seven more Of
these vessels are under con-
5truction or authorized. Another
six also are included in the cur
rent fiscal year budget. to bring
the undersea nuclear fleet to is.
The cruiser. the Navy said, will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-06
Asks
|Hafoyama Pay
Visit 10 Moscow

TOKYO, Sept. s (P).-Soviet
Premier Bulganin has sent word
to Japanese Prime Minister Ichi-
no Hatoyama he is looking for
ward to a visit to Moscow by
Mr.. Hatoyama, Kyodo News
Service said today.
Reports Of the message from
Marshal Bulganin came as gov
eminent leaders considered pro-
posing an "Adenauer formula"
for q World War II settlement
with Russia. 1t would include
exchanging ambassadors and
freeing Japanese prisoners now
but postponing all territorial
questions similar to the agree
ment reached in Moscow by
West German Chancellor Kon-
rad AdeAauer last year.
Quoting liberal democratic
party leaders, Kyodo said q
welcome" message from Mar
shall Bulganin was relayed
through S. i. Tichvinsky. head
of the Soviet fishery mission in
Tokyo.
Mr.. Hatoyama is understood
to be determined to go to Mos
COW to personally carry out
campaign promises to get a peace
treaty. But leaders of the prime
minister's party have decided to
put of a final decision on the
trip pending the public's reac-
ton to an Adenauer-type settle
ment, press reports said.
Japan SO far has insisted on
return of two islands seized by
Russia at the end of the war
before signing peace treaty. At
deadlocked negotiations in Mos
COW, Russia offered to yacate
the Habomai and Shikotan is
lands off Japanese Hokkaido but
insisted Japan sign over the
southern Kurile islands Of Eto-
rofu and Kunashiri.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-06
LITTLE REDS GET
PIE IN THE SKY
NO MORE EXAMS

LONDON up. - Moscow
radio announced Russia has
decided to abolish a fearful
bogy of childhood-the year.
end school examination.
In five grades of secondary
schools, and in schools for
working and agricultural
youths, promotions to higher
classes hereafter will be
made on the basis of yearly
appraisals" of the work of
pupils. the Ministry of Edu-
cation announced.
The new policy is de-
signed to eliminate cram
ming for examinations,
which have been a heavy
burden to millions Of school
children, the broadcast said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-06
Sailing for England

NORTH SYDNEY Nova SEQ
tia. Sept. 6 (R).-Foiled in their
first attempt, two Toronto men
have set sail again for England,
hoping to reach Dartmouth in
80 or 40 days. Bert Smith, 81,
and Allan Battersby. 20. left
here Aug. 20 hoping to be the
first to sail a small boat from
Toronto to England. The sea
flooded their boat and they put
back in for repairs. Last week
end they sailed out again.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-06

be fitted out with the most adj
vanced ornaments and missiles
available for fleet use.
The Bethlehem Steel Co. is
building the cruiser at its Quincy
(MaSS.) yard.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-06
NucIeor Reoctor Contract
Is Let for New Cruiser

Westinghouse Electric Corp Pittsburgh win build the
reacor for the worlds first powered guided
cruiser
The Navy announced the $1s3S53O5 contract last night
The propulsion plant being designed developed by
Atomic Energy Commission in cooperation with the will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-06

Fresh California Bartletts are
showing their pretty pink cheeks
in the markets now. And, hap
PLY, they will be around for sew
eral months. Whether you pack
them in a lunchbox, cut them up
for salad or bake them in a des-
sert, these golden pears are al
ways naturally sweet and ndtu-
rally delicious. This cooling Pink
Lemonade Pear Salad is just one
of the many smart and simple
ways to use this juicy fruit in
your warm-weather menus.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-06
PINK LEMONADE
PEAR SALAD

2 Fresh California Bartlett
Pears Tor H per person.
2 tablespoons cherry preserves
2 tablespoons honey
"a cup lemon juice
Lettuce
Chill whole pears until serving
time. To make dressing: mix pre-
serves, honey, and juice. Cut
pears in half; remove cores and
place on lettuce leaves. Garnish
with cherries.
I tested bH the Adanso1n RonrA
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-06

This recipe has been prepared and tested the Ad0soy Board
for the Promotion Of Fresh California Bartlett PeGrs
, 1956-07-18
NEWS

The S. S. sAlcoa Ranger" is
scheduled to sail from Balti-
more July 18th. New York
10th and is dueat Fred
eriksted via Puerto Rico and
st. Thomas : July 18th, accept
ing freight fBgm The above
ports,
ALcoA STEAMSHIP Co. ING.
Rob't L M.erwin 8 Co. Inc.
agents
, 1956-07-18
CARD or THANKS

The relatives here and
through this medium
express their appreciation for
the kind tokens Of sympathy
shown in the recent illness &
death of Elder Josephus VIII
lianna
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-05
Tdylors to Be Hosts
At Several Parties

Stokes, IT,. are entertaining
this afternoon at Patton Hall.
Fort Myer. from 5 to 7 o'clock
to introduce Mai. Gen. and
Mrs. John @. Van Houten TO
their friends and to welcome
Gen. Van Houten as the new
Commanding General Of the
Washington District.
The Fort Myer Post Surgeon.
Col. Harlan Taylor, and Mrs.
Taylor have issued invitations
for q reception and buffet on
Saturday, February 10. Their
guests will include some Of
their friends on the post and
some from Waiter Reed Army
Medical Center.
Harveys Entertain
Wing Commander Bruce E.
Harvey, British Roys' Air
Force, and Mrs. Harvey are
entertaining tomorrow at q
$50 to $3.50 party in honor Of
Wing Commander H. Rox-
burgh and Squadron Leader p.
Whittingham. who arrive to-
morrow morning after . tour
through Canada.
The visitors are here on tour
from the Institute Of Aviation
Medicine. Marlborough. Eng
land.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-05
BY EVELYN M. DENT

The Army Chief of Staff.
Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor. and
Mrs. Taylor will entertain at
dinner on Wednesday In their
quarters at Fort Myer. The
Secretary Of State and Mrs.
John Foster Dulles will be the
ranking guests.
Tomorrow, Gen. and Mrs.
Taylor will receive the foreign
military attaches and their
wives at the traditional annu-
al reception Of the Army Chief
Of Staff.
On Thursday. February %.
Gen. and Mrs. Taylor will
again be hosts at dinner. Their
honor guests will be retiring
Gems. John B. Dahlquist and
Floyd L. Parks, with Mrs.
Dahlquist and Mrs. Parks.
Parties in honor Of Gen. j.
Lawton Collins retirement are
being scheduled for the third
week of March because his re-
tirement date. March 81. falls
on the Saturday Of Holy Week.
Dinner For Collinses
Ten and Mrs. Collins will
be the guests of honor at q
dinner which Gen. and Mrs.
Taylor will give on Thursday.
March %.
Also planning to entertain
for Gen. and Mrs. Collins are
the ranking members of the
North Atlantic Treaty Or
ganization Standing Group. to
which Gen. Collins has been
the United States representa-
tive. Gen. Sir John F. M.
Whitley. United Kingdom
representative, and 1t. Gen.
Jean E. Valluy, French repre-
sentative, will be co-hosts at
the affair, which promises to
be one Of the most brilliant
military functions Of the sea-
son.
Gen. Collins leaves for the
Paris headquarters Of NATO
on Tuesday. February Il. and
will return to Washington on
March /.
Air Force 1t. Gen. Leon w.
johnson. who replaces Gen.
Collins on the Standing Group,
was in town earlier this week,
but returned to his present
post at Mitchell Field. N. Y,
where he has been command
ing general Of the Continental
Air Command. Gen. and Mrs.
johnson are expected In
Washington about the first
week in March.
1t. Gen. Charles B. Stone
III takes over from Gen.
johnson. At the present time,
Gen. and Mrs. Stone are
enjoying a well-earned vaca-
ton in Florida. They win re-
turn to Mitchell Field the last
week Of February.
Parties ut Fort Myer
The Army Deputy Chief OF
STAFF for Logistics, 1t. Gen.
Carter B. Magruder. and Mrs.
Magruder are entertaining at
a small dinner on Thursday in
their quarters at Fort Myer.
Mai. Gen. and Mrs. John H.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-05
regularly sells for 100

A wonderful opportunity TO add thrifty
TO your own glass pottern !. or to get
savings start toward beautiful toble
settings in traditional style. Choose this
fine ImperioI glass in the gracious Cope
Cod" pattern early to be sure Of complete
selections Of all thirteen styles. At sov-
ines through February 18th only.
WGL-Gosswore. 5th Floor. Upper Level -. olsc
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-05
in store this week
at Q)~yQi2A

~
See Spring Fashions in the Max
ing" our fobrie- foshion show on
Tuesday and Wednesday. Exciting
new fobrics from our spring coIIee-
ton co-stor with Vogue patterns.
including breothtokino eouturier de-
signs. It's at 1870 am. and 800
pm, in the Fobric Store, 9th Floor.
Talented Victoria Murphy. Vogue
Pottern representative, is our COM
rnentotor.
There1I be Teo Room modelling
bosed on our Spring Foshions in
the Making" show, Tuesday and
Wednesday, 1870 to ZOO.
Those fascinating Boy Scout win
dows you'll see on ! lth Street, Start
ing Mondoy evening. ore doubIy
examples Of Boy Scout skills: Boy
Scouts and Cub Scouts actually set
up the exhibits.
Something especially interesting to
mothers-to-b hos been added to
our Alexandria stores new End
floor thrify-foshion shop. Maternity
fashions ore ovoiloble here and,
now, maternity lingerie is found in
this pleosont-to-shop-in section.
Still big news our Stamp and
Coin Shop, adjoining the Book Store,
lst Floor. Here collectors find trees
ures and the equipment they re-
quire. Handsome coin jeweIy, too,
is on sole.
Looking oheod: Uncle Sam and St.
Valentine ore wonderful pair,
when they suggest U. S. Sovines
Bonds os welcome VoIsntins gifts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-05
save 1000 on 1856
G.E WASHER

orig. list price 309.o5 lSS''0
Irads or Allewanes Price
Features the famous Activotor wosh-
ing thot gets dirt out and keeps it
out. Plus G-E woter saver control
for small loads. You select woter
temperature and washing time, G-E
automatically woshes, rinses, domp-
dries and shuts itself off. WATSON.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-05
save 5000 on 1856
G.E RANGE
:, ..;,. 900 or 1Q0.95

orig. list price 289.95 l11"0
Irads or Allowones Price
G-E Airliner Range mot shown)-
A de luxe 56-inch speed-cookino
range thot's fully automatic. Feo-
lures 2l-ineh big master oven,
fineertip push-button controls,
oven timer, oven fIoodlomp. 1887.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-05

Looking oheod: Uncle Sam and St.
Valentine ore wonderful pair,
when they suggest U. S. Sovinos
Bonds os welcome Valentine gifts.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1956-06-07
UrsuIine School
Graduates Nine
This Sunday

Ursuline Academy will gradu-
ate its first high school class at
commencement exercises at 3
pm. Sunday, at the academy, $500
Forest Road, Bethesda.
Nine graduates will receive di-
plomas from Ri Rev. Monsignor
Edward H. Roach, pastor of the
Shrine of the Blessed Sacrament.
Monsignor Roach also will give
the commencement address.
The graduates are Carol The
resa Brault, Anna Marie Buscher,
Carla Elizabeth Goepp. Jean Bar
bara Hitchcock, Geraldine Clel-
land McManis, Eileen Clarke
Moses. Mary Elizabeth Scalley,
Marie Elizabeth Sugrue and He
lena Maria Tremols.