davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18
By RELMAN NORM

Toward midnight on Saturday,
November 3, a tall, powerfully-built
Hungarian colonel threw an army
greatcoat around his shoulders and
rushed out into the wintry darkness
Of Budapest.
He had just received a thrilling
message.
Russian army headquarters tele-
phoning from outside the city.
The Soviet commander desires to
state that new orders have come
from Moscow. :. Soviet forces will
be withdrawn from Hungary at
once. :. Would the colonel be so
good as to come to headquarters
and assist in the necessary arrange
mentS?
Col. Pal Maleter-daredevf guer-
rilla leader, hero of the bloody
Budapest uprising, and as Of that
day Minister of Defense in the gov
ernment-could hardly believe his
ears.
Three times during that same
day, the new Premier. Imre Macy,
had protested that more Russian
tanks and troops were still coming
across the border.
Now suddenly, in typical Moscow
fashion, the about-face was an
nounced. All were to be pulled out.
Col. Maleter and two ministers
Of state in the Macy regime, Ferenc
Erdei and Geza Losonczy. hurried
into an automobile and roared
away through the battered, wreck
age-strewn streets Of Budapest.
This was the hour Of triumph, the
browning moment in Hungary's
struggle for freedom.
So they thought.
AS they crossed the city, the
three men heard an occasional
stutter of tommygun fire. Another
member Of the AVN, the hated
secret police, had been flushed out
and killed.
In Moscow Square. they passed a
vacant pedestal. The iron statue Of
Stain had fallen after 10 years.
On Csepel Island in the Danube,
the automobile workers were cele-
brating victory. singing a Hungarian
anthem -. Whether Fate Blesses
or Smites You, Here You Must Live
or Die" They were exuberantly
alive-then.
In the Hotel Duna, Lulu the
Giant. 22O-pound pianist, could
play again for the first time since
the fighting began in Budapest.
Upstairs in the hotel. foreign COR
respondents were piecing together
the story Of unbelievable human
courage-"David has defeated Co
hath" But they pointed out-pro-
phetically, as 1t developed-that
Goliath can. come back any time
he chooses"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18
1t Becomes a War

In the dark, chilly dawn Of
Wednesday. october "a, the reoel-
lion became war.
At 4 O'Clock, Russian tanks
Numbered over the Danube bridges.
Some stayed. guarding the APP
proaches. Others took stations
around government buildings, the
radio. Communist Party head
quarters.
The tanks Immediately came
under attack. Workmen, students,
teen-age boys and girls-and many
even younger-swirled toward them.
They had been trained to fight,
trained by the Communists. They
knew how to use machine gun,
and how to fashion dealy weapon
in street-flghting. the "Molotov
cocktail" a hand grenade wired
to a bottle of gasoline.
A girl turned herself into a living
torch. Carrying the cocktail she
came so close to a tank that she
burned alive. So did the crew Of
the tank.
Another girl, hit twice by ma
chine-gun slugs, fell and fired back
once with an Anticipated rife. AS
she died, she murmured, They
killed my baby brother"
In pitched battle in Moscow
Square. boys tipped over bus to
use for a barricade. One dropped
shot through the head. A gray
haired workman grabbed his rife
and took his place. Later he told
an Associated Press correspondent:
HE was my apprentice :. we were
both Communists -. Now we know
what they mean by friendship"
The rebels, nco-ordinated, with
out central command and with no
contact with one another, set UP
headquarters" in shops and from
there fought the tanks. They burst
into Hungarian army barracks
unopposed by the guards-grabbing
weapons and ammunition.
The thick-walled Maria Terezia
barracks became an epic in the
furious fighting.
There, more than 1900 people
{ stopped wave after wave Of Soviet
tanks. Soldiers Joined the people
In that battle.
They were under the command
Of Col. Maleter. a professional SOL
der. He had parachuted behind
German lines during World War II,
organized guerrillas. and was cap
tufed. When he escaped he per-
suaded his Hungarian guards to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18
FARMLAND INTO DESERT
BY GORDON g. GAUSS

KIT CARSON, Colo.-Drought
steals upon q country like . thief
in the night.
And its Observation-Disclosures
lows quickly, grazing fertile farm
lands into desert.
Snow is skinny. Northers whip 1t
into arroyos and pile it against
hillocks. barring the ground. Soak
ing rains fail to develop with the
spring. The sun seems more daz-
cling in the wide sky. Cotton clouds
only tantalize.
The country greens up on UNDER
ground moisture, then withers as
the weather warns to baking heat.
Breezes turn hot, sucking the
ground dry. The wind picks UP
powdery silt from the soil. waiting
1t away. Then gale tears out the
sandy remnant. driving its grains
knife-hke against blades Of grass
and sprouting wheat.
This is what made a disaster
region out Of the Western side of
Americas Great Plains. sometimes
a granary for the Nation.
Now the drought-but not the
dust-has spread across the two
mile high peaks Of the Rocky
Mountains into forests and usually
lush valleys. Slopes which should
be deep with snow or dripping
rivulets are parched and streams
are trickles. Lofty pine and spruce
trees stand in danger OF IRE.
Voter Supplies Endangered
It has sent cities, like Denver.
hunting new water supplies far
across the continental divide. Most
places 1t has brought restrictions
on the watering Of carefully
nourished lawns and shrubs. At
little Dove Greek, Colo, near the
Utah border. the whole water sys-
TEN dried up. To the south. in
Colorados potato-growing San Luis
valley. children had TO be marched
to the Saguache courthouse twice
a day for drinks when the schools
water gave out. Artesian wells
which used TO spout geysers IN this
same country ran dry and some are
being deepened to q quarter Of q
mile.
Officials begging for Federal
drought designations fear that
100000 or more acres IN Colorado
may be destroyed. That's an area
Connecticut. But not all the trou-
bic Is In Colorado. Parts Of Neb-
raSka. Kansas. Oklahoma. Texas.
New Mexico, Montana and wyom-
ing-and 10 some extent adjoin-
Ing States are feeling the
drought's pinch. too.
The emergency has become 20
great that the Federal Govern
ment u extending aid-eredits,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18
Vengeance Stalks

Terrible scenes took place in the
next hours. People, moving freely
now. hunted down the secret DO
licemen and killed them on the
spot. Some died like rats in the
city's sewers. Others were hanged
by the heels and beaten to death.
Still others holed up in steel-and-
concrete dungeons, beyond the
reach Of vengeance.
The government panicked. It
offered more and more concessions.
But nothing availed until Geroe
and his henchmen fled, probably
in Russian armored car across
the Soviet border.
Macy and group Of political
moderates took over. He an
nounced free elections and a COM
plete break with Moscow. On No
vember he withdrew Hungary
from the Warsaw pact, which
binds the Soviet satellites.
This was much farther than the
Poles he'd gone when they rebelled.
Did he go too far too fast?
Three days passed. Budapest
was almost cut of food. Cold winds
swept along the Danube. The city
was terribly battered, homes de-
stroyed, buildings Quilted, streets
Uttered with wreckage and the
skeletons of burned-out tanks.
There were funerals everywhere.
But the Hungarians were free.
They clothed themselves with lib
erty and drank the heady wine
of freedom.
Then came Saturday, Novem-
Der 4.
Suddenly, from the borders, news
reached the city that the Russians
were coming back and in greater
strength. Macy called in the Soviet
Ambassador three times, protesting.
The street fighters began making
more cocktails" and re-loading the
guns.
That night, Maleter received the
telephone message from Soviet
Army headquarters. He drove out
from the city with Erdei and
Losonczy.
They have not been seen since.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18
The Russians Return

AT 4:45 am, sunday the Russian
tanks crossed the Danube again.
At S. Macy broadcast that the
attack had begun, while negotia-
tons for the withdrawal presum.
ably were still taking place.
This time. the Russians were
taking no chances.
Observers estimate they
launched the assault with 1900
tanks, plus 1000 more in reserve.
An army Of 100000, supported by
self-propelled guns, rolled over the
country, converging on Budapest.
Goliath can come back any time
he chooses"
They crushed the Hungarians
under sheer weight Of steel. To kill
one sniper. the Russians methodi-
cally blasted whole rows of homes
or an entire building.
And they used frightfulness. A
man stepped into the street for a
loaf o. bread and was instantly
shot dead. Another, for carrying a
camera. was stood beside a wall and
executed.
From Gellert Hill. a heights
overlooking the city. heavy artillery
pounded structures too solid for
lighter weapons. The city had been
battered in the first fighting. Now
1t was under a steamroller.
Soviet fighter planes and M-28
bombers swept in low over the
streets.
Still the people fought back with
what they had.
On Csepel Island. factory work.
ers trained hoses on the tanks and
drenched them with gasoline and
oil. They destroyed IA. and died in
droves themselves.
In the American Legation, the
telephone rang. A voice asked for
Josef Cardinal Mindszenty. freed
from prison three days earlier.
When the fighting began again, he
asked sanctuary from United States
Minister Thomas WALES.
The call came from rebels barri-
caded In the main post Office. They
asked the cardinal 10 bless them
before they died. He gave his
blessing. Then the phone went dead.
Meanwhile. the Russians installed
another puppet, Janos Kadar. as
premier. BY radio, he threatened
determination for the rebels and set
a deadline for them 10 lay down
their arms.
He evidently called In Macy. hop
ing 10 include him In the new
regime 10 help pacify the people.
Macy appeared TO have refused, but
nobody knew.
The rebellion fiickered out.
How many people died7 Nobody
knows. Correspondents and refu-
gees reaching Austria estimate TO-
900 Hungarians. 5000 Russians.
An Austrian Socialist, Peter Stras-
ser. said even Russian soldiers APP
pear completely disgusted with the
measures taken against the people.
Nix gut ono GOOD they kept
saying"
For days. the Russians blocked
of food and medical supply con-
voys at border points They shrua-
ged on angry charges that they
we're using starvation. along with
terror. 10 suppress the Hungarians.
Meanwhile. pitiful groups Of ref
ugees fied-or tried without success
ACROSS the borders.
The fighting will start Up again
soon." they said. "Our people are
reforming. but not giving up"
cThs Associated PTsasl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18
Rx NARANIAN SINGH UPPAL

NEW DELHI-The announce
ment that Prime Minister Jawahar-
lal Nehru would visit Washington
next month underscores a feeling
here that relations between the
United States and India, under
heavy STR in for a time. are i'm
proving markedly.
President Eisenhower's renewed
invitation to Mr.. Nehru and the
recent agreement permitting India
to buy on very favorable terms
$3.50 million in surplus American
farm products both have contribute
ed to the SUMMER climate in rela-
tons between the two countries.
Renewal Of the Nehru invitation,
Indians feel, shows that the United
States sets great value on midas
friendship. There is a general feel
ing among Indians that the West
ern nations, especially the United
States, keenly desire the expert
ment of democracy in India to
succeed
The farm surplus deal has given
Indians a political lesson. Shortly
after the Brioni conference. the
United States Senate placed a ban
on military aid to Yugoslavia and
the United States Government
withdrew offers Of financial aid for
the Aswan dam in Egypt. Many
Indians thought that their coun-
try would be the next to feel the
disapproval of the United States.
But the farm surplus deal has con-
WINGED them that the United States
does not necessarily penahze q
country merely for following q Diff
ferent foreign policy.
1t may be, Of course, that this
feeling that the United States Is
becoming more tolerant to policies
other than its own will be tempered
to some extent by last weeks United
Nations clash between Senator
Knowland Of California, a member
Of the United States delegation,
who sharply criticized midas effort
to seat Red China, and midas v.
X. Krishna Menon, who called
the Knowland statement "a dis
service to the cause Of international
friendship"
Much in Common
The United States, as leader Of
the free world" and India, &C
knowledged leader Of the "uncom-
mitted world" have much in
common. Both want peace to be
maintained in the world, though
they vary in their approach. Both
are welded to the democratic way
Of life and oppose totalitarianism Of
any kind.
Said Mr.. Nehru recently: II OBJ
ject to Communist RECOMMENDATION
of peoples and countries and OBJ
ject to such RECOMMENDATION else
where, even though I see that there
are changes in such RECOMMENDATION.
We reject all regimentation."
On the question Of communism
there is considerable difference
of opinion. Americans openly OPP
pose it everywhere as the COM
plete antithesis Of their way Of life.
Indians are equally abhorrent Of
communism, but they believe in the
peaceful coexistence Of different
social, economic and political sys-
TENS.
Very few Asian countries have
waged such q relentless campaign
against communism within their
borders as India. Mr.. Nehru has
called the Indian Communists ire
dictionary and backward" out to
create tension and disunity among
the people," Russian and other
Communist literature cannot be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18
The Long Ordeal

The story Of the ordeal Of Hun
gary goes back months before 1t
began making headlines. These are
some nlileposts:
In March, the name Of former
Premier Laszlo Rajk, executed as a
"Titoist" in 1949, was officially
cleared.
In June and July, the Hungarians
watched eagerly the bread-and-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18

Petoefl Square, named for Hun
gary's greatest poet, and to Benz
Square, near the government,
buildings.
Soon the narrow, cobbled streets
leading into the squares rang with
the tread Of more thousands-em-
ployes Of Communist state-owned
enterprises. off-duty soldiers, work.
men in oil-stained clothing, uni
versity professors, small children.
They carried flags and sang the
songs of Hungary. The students
passed out pamphlets and haran-
gued them from the pedestals Of
the statues. They were tasting
freedom. They were deliriously
happy.
The movement gathered mo-
mentum. 1t flowed toward two
other points.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18
PRELUDE TO NEHRU
Indio Feels Warmer
Toward Americans

sold on Indian government railway
stalls. Communists and their SYM
pathizers are barred from govern
ment jobs. About 80 per cent Of
persons detained for security rea-
sons are Communists.
The ruling Congress Party Is
strengthening the Indian National
Trade Union Congress. the Indian
Students Congress and the Con-
gress Youth League to resist Com
munist influence. The Indian gov
eminent, however, cannot declare
the Communist Party illegal, as the
Indian constitution guarantees free
dom Of association, speech and ex-
preston to all citizens.
Seeks Middle Course
In foreign affairs, India has been
striving for middle course between
the Communist and anti-C ommu-
mist worlds. Its policies are neither
anti-United States, nor pro- Russian.
They are merely pro-Indian. The
Soviet Union tries to give the ap-
pearance of an alignment by sup
porting Indian proposals. But in
trade and investment, the United
States has much greater ties with
India today than the Communist
countries.
Principal causes Of the recent
eStrangement between India and
the United States were American
military aid to Pakistan and the
American attitude on Goa.
Admittedly, the avowed aim Of
this military aid is to strengthen
Pakistan as a defensive base against
possible Communist aggression. But
the Indians feel concerned in view
Of statements by several Pakistan
leaders that they can now talk to
India from position Of strength"
Secretary Of State Dulles did declare
that If Pakistan attacked India, the
United States would not only stop
aid to PakiStan but would also
rush to midas help. This assurance
is very comforting but, Indians feel,
it might be weeks or months before
the aggressor is actually pinpointed.
Goo Is Sore Spot
To Indians, the existence Of Goa
and other Portuguese possessions
on Indian soil represents an affront
to national dignity. The commu-
nique issued during Portuguese
Foreign Minister DR.. Cunha'S visit
to Washington q few months ago
referred to Portuguese provinces
in the Far East" Explanation by
Mr.. Dulles that this phrase was
used from a purely legal angle has
not allayed Indian fears that the
United States has. wittingl. or I'M
Willingly, subscribed to Portugal's
colonialism in India.
Indians realize that the United
States cannot force Portugal to
leave India, but they feel the United
States could, and should. bring this
anachroniSm to the notice of Portu-
gal, especially in view Of the SYM
pathetic positions taken by Britain
and France.
But despite these irritationS,
there is much goodwill in India
toward America. Moral support
given by the Americans during the
freedom struggle and economic aid
after independence have not been
forgotten here.
On the other hand, Indians hope
Americans will remember that in
Asia. the basic struggle is between
democratic India and Communist
China. Success or failure of either
Of these two systems would serve
as q guide for the rest Of Asia. 1t
is in the best interest Of the United
States and the free world to see
India grow strong. they feel.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18

ing actual deserts. Although still
small. they are growing.
One Of these deserts lies not far
away from this little east-central
Colorado town. It's on level land
which was a wheat field five years
ago. There the winds have dropped
their burden. covering everything
for miles along a back road. Sand
is piled so high that it's an easy
step over the top Of the old barbed
wire fence.
They Still Have Hope
Generally, people living In the
Eastern Colorado country agree
that tits dry" and are willing to
concede times are hard" but most
OF them stubbornly refuse to talk
OF disaster.
Give US some good snow and
spring rains and the country will
come back the sun-bronzed men
insist.
The dust and drought are re-
kindling the historic feud which
blazed across the Western plains
In pioneer days-stockman against
farmer.
So far. It hasn't passed the grum-
bling stage. 1t won't-if rains
come.
Stockmen grimly watching wind
borne dust running precious grass
land repeat the dictum which their
grandfathers backed up with six
guns: Don't pillow UP the country.
They'll point 70 areas. now
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-18
The Anguish Of Hungary: A Chronicle

Editors note: The dromoiie struggle Of the
Hungarian people for freedom-ond the
crushing blow delivered by the Russions--
hove mode pose one headlines for almost
o month. How did il all stort9 Whot
were the high spots? keImoR NORM,
Pulitzer winning Assoeioted Press
writer, hos put together this gripping
chronological account Of how q greet
event in history unfoIded.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07
Retail Trade Rises
by Buying
For Back to School

NEW YORK, Sept. Z up. =
Stepped-up consumer spending
on back-to-school merchandise
and women's fall apparel
spanked a moderate rise N re-
tail trade this week, 1t was re-
ported today by Dun 81 Brad
street.
Merchants reported sharply
Increased buying of boys Stacks
and sport shirts and girls dresses
and accessories as mothers re-
Sponded to back-to-school pro-
motions. Momma also did plenty
of spending on her own - fol
coats. wooden skirts, millinery
and other fall items.
Volume in mems clothing was
about the same as last year, with
fall suits and sports coats among
the best-selling items. Sales Of
both mems and women's shoes
topped the year-ago level BY
substantial margins.
Purchases Of major appliances
failed to keep pace with last
years volume despite increased
consumer interest in television
sets and automatic driers. Buy
ing Of furniture continued at a
high level with gains reported
for bedding and upholstered
chairs.
Total retail trade in the
United States for the seven-day
period ended Wednesday ranged
from 2 to 6 per cent higher than
a year ago, Dun & Bradstfeet
estimated.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07
Food Industry Beefs
About u. S. Statistics

be no food business as we know
it. The food business would
consist of local farmers selling
direct to local consumers.
Mr.. Atchley also registered
the complaint about farm in
come. None of our available
farm income statistics dis
tinguish between the marginal
and part-time farmer, and the
real commercial farmer. The
inefficient subsistence farmer
can no more compete with the
up-to-date mechanical COM
mercial farmer than the old
five-Story wholesale warehouse,
using out-dated systems and
hand methods, can compete
with the streamlined one-story
mechanical warehouse. He is
about like the old-fashicned
Nom and-Pop retail grocery
trying to compete with the
modern supermarket.'
Earlier this year Congress
increased, appropriations for
statistical fact-gathering. Per.
hapS something will come of it.
Mcclure Newspaper Syndcate)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07
Stock LIST Dips
/ to3Poinfson
ISuez Reports

NEW YORK, Sept. I (R.-
international oils again lost
ground today on discouragins
reports about the Suez Canal
crisis and the stock market was
generally lower early this after
noon.
Losses among pivotal issues
ranged from / to around 8 points,
After a burst of early selling
ION news of the deadlocked
Cairo conference, the market
settled down to quiet trading.
The second day of the Jewish
New Years holiday as well as
normal weekend tendencies for
|short-term traders to close their
positions dampened interest.
Prices were above their worst
following the sale of some big
Opening blocks. Aircrafts showed
some plus signs and there was
slight recovery elsewhere in the
list.
Gulf Oil, which repeatedly de-
rives more than so per cent of
its crude oil production from the
Middle East. lost 4 points at the
opening but trimmed the loss to
around 3. Royal Dutch, also
heavily involved in that area,
trimmed its initial loss of pa.
Texas Co.. likewise affected by
Suez, was l-point loser.
The Associated Press average
Iof so stocks at noon was down
so cents to $184.40, with the in
dustrials down $1.0O. the rails
down so cents and the utilities
unchanged.
Corporate bonds were slightly
lower.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07
NEW YORK PRODUCE

NEW YORK. Sept. z @--uspA).-
wholesale egg prices were unsettled to-
day. Receipts 400
tWholesele selling prices based on ex.
change and other volume saies.)
New York spot quotations follow:
Includes Midwestern:
Mixed colors
Extras t4S-50 lbs) 45-46; extras large
I45-4S lbsl 43-45: extras medium 81.
81 "a: smalls 20-21: standards large SO.
"a: dirties 1927; checks 1927
Whites:
Extras 1880 lbs) 46-4s: extras -larg,
3Ih.
Browns:
Extras (4s-51 lbs) 47-4s.
Includes nearby:
Whites:
TOP quality 1880 ibsl 5ots-5e1s.
mediums al-31is; smalls 21-21ia; pee.
wees 1918.
Browns
Top quality (4s-5n lbs) 1898: me.
diums 1894: smalls 1927 peeweel
Butter steady. Receipts $4,000
cheese steady. Receipts none. Price,
unchanged.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-07
Enclosure Machine
Seals, Counts, Stocks

z BOSTON.-A mailing machine
that gathers and inserts enclo-
sures and then seals. counts, and
stacks envelopes, all in one oper-
alton, is being made here. 1t can
handle more than 10000 enve-
lopes day.
The inserter has an electronic
control to prevent jamming and
a vacuum feed with microcali-
bration to prevent misses and
double insertions.