davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-20
Threatened Outposts

The United States Government has
more than an ordinary interest in the
outcome of parliamentary elections in
Iceland this coming Sunday, For at the
inSiStence Of a Communist left wing So
cialist minority the legislative body at
Reykjavik approved a resolution last
March asking withdrawal Of all NATO
forces from that country. The forces are
American only and official notice has
been served on our Government in the
past week that negotiations for the with
drawal should be undertaken soon. There
IS hope, however, that If the ConServa-
tive and right-wing Socialist parties can
strengthen their currently narrow mar
gin Of control in the Icelandic govern
ment a compromise can be worked out to
keep our military installations in service.
Iceland itself is a charter member of
the NATO, but its political stability has
been increasingly disturbed in the past
few years by the growing strength of
Communist and nationalist movements.
Among their prime targets have been the
Atlantic, alliance and the presence of
foreign troops in the country. From the
NATO standpoint and our own, as we'll as
for the security of Iceland itself, mainte-
nance of the air and naval facilities there
is considered highly important. Our mill
tary personnel on the island numbers only
about $500, but the airfield is equipped
to handle all types of military aircraft,
and radar stations in the country are
considered essential parts of the early
warning system.
This threat to one of our overseas
military outpoSts comedies, incidentally,
with similar uncertainties about our flu
ture position in other strategic locations
abroad. The French-Moroccan independ-
ence agreement signed last month made
no reference to the status of our airf1elds
in the North African territory and the
Rabat government subsequently was re-
ported planning to ask more than $500
million in rental fees" If we remain
there. Our lease on the air base at Dhah-
ran, Saudi Arabia, expires this month
and more restrictive terms are being
asked by the Saudi government for our
continuance there. In Japan, there is
ommunist-nationaliSt agitation for "re-
turn" of Okinawa, site of our key Western
Pacific base, to Japanese control.
These pressures are, in substance,
really part of the cold war in that
anti-American influences can be identi-
is no chance for solution other than
through patient negotiation and an effort
to make each of the countries involved
aware that it has a stake of its own in
the collective security arrangements.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-20
Racial Incidents

I want to thank your paper
for printing the police report
on racial incidents" in the
District schools.
Let's hope that this report,
and also the requests by the
School Board for additional
funds for special classes and
more teachers, will open the
eyes of the white people in
the District land everywhere
else) that migration is a
fiasco.
Statements such as: "Inte-
grated schools are more eff
cient; integrated schools are
less expensive to operate; and,
integrated schools are more
beneficial to both white and
colored," have been exposed as
myths, and in all probability
made by someone afflicted with
Authorizations.
Anne Wilson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-20
worked out for the benefit of
all.
Gertrude Charny.
Santa Barbara, Calf.
Special Mission

1 would like to express pub
licly my deep appreciation Of
the kindness of Deputy Chief
of Police Covell, DR.. Corning
of the Board of Education and
Mr.. Heating Of the Yellow Cab
Co. in making it possible for
me to attend the almost stimuli
taneous graduations of my son
and daughter, Bowen and
Hildreth Smith, June 13. My
daughter has been attending
Western High School. My son
has been going to Wilson. Both
schools set the graduation cere-
monies for the same time, and
for a while I thought it would
be impossible for me to attend
the exercises.
Through the kindness of
these gentlemen it was ar
ranged that my daughters
name should be called first and
my sons name next to last. AS
a result, after my daughter
received her. diploma at
Western, I had time to
run to the taxi which the
Yellow Cab Co. had waiting
for me and was taken to Wilson
in time to see my son graduate.
The cooperation extended
to me is something / shall not
soon forget.
My husband and my chill
dren join me In expressing our
gratitude.
Clayton Cranwell Seward.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-20

so. what purpose was served in
now demanding social integra-
ton? What purpose is served
in forcing the legal point that
police can no longer lend their
efforts in a valuable COM
munity project that serves both
races-but separately? What
purpose will be served if the
Boys Clubs, unsupported by
police efforts, cannot raise
sufficient funds and curtail
their youth services to both
races?
Bombing noncombatants in
war is wrong although the pur-
pose of the war may be right.
Indiscriminate warfare on
segregation regardless of who
it hurts or what it accom-
plishes must be labeled indis-
Greet, poor strategy, poor pub
lie relations and below the
supposed level of Justice
for which integrationists are
fighting.
Daily living and working in
certain areas has shown that
exemplary neighborliness and
the winning of personal
esteem have done more for
interracial amity than reams
of legal Quibbling or the at
tacks on community youth
serving organizations.
There is a difference be-
tween fighting for legal equal
ity and social equality. More
over. there is a responsibility
when fighting for the right
that the conduct of the parties
be above injury to innocent
third parties-meaning the
children Of the Boys Clubs.
The whole concept of attack
ing the Boys Clubs with q
legal wedge was poorly con-
ceived and accomplished moth
ing constructive.
1t might therefore be gra-
cious on the part Of the
NAACP to admit error and
study the problems Of socio-
logical acceptance which con-
front not only minority races
but other minority groups as
well.
Milton A. MandeI.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-20
Our Safety and Foreign Aid

The Senate Foreign Relations Com
mittee has done credit to itself, and
rendered good service to the Nation, in
voting to restore $500 million of the $1.1
billion that the House has slashed from
the administrations bill for overseas
military and economic aid. Nearly all Of
this slash, if sustained, would be in the
armament field-especially in the field Of
new weapons-and it would have a par
ticularly adverse effect on the Atlantic
alliance. So the committees action well
deserves to be hailed as a move designed
to prevent potentially grave damage to
mutual security, ours along with that of
our friends and allies abroad
AS matters stand at the moment.
there is still considerable danger that the
Senate as whole will ignore the rec
concentrations of its Foreign Relations
Committee and decide instead to follow
the lead of the House. But the country
and the free world at large have reason
to expect something better from it than
that. And this is the more true because
it has had placed before it, in particularly
urgent form, solemn warnings from the
President and all his top diplomatic and
military advisers that drastic cut in our
OUTLAWS on mutual security would. be a
rash gamble that could lead to extremely
harmful consequences in terms of the
safety of the United States.
Such warnings merit much more con-
Sideration than they have received in the
House. True, in favoring the slash of
Sill billion, many Congressman have put
forth specifically persuasive arguments
about how the world is in process of
change and about how the administration
has failed to tailor foreign aid to fit that
change. Yet the fact remains that the
President and his chief aides, who are
in the best position to know what is
needed for mutual security at this stage,
have emphatically and categorically as
serted that our country'S own best in
tereStS demand that our military and
economic assistance be at least as large
as the program recommended by the
Senate committee.
For its own part, of course, the COM
nlittee has recognized the changing
character of the world situation, and it
has acknowledged that there is need for a
1C@PPA oAoesA VI WAAdb SAAOu1u NC II1e 1ldCurS
and scale of our foreign aid in the future.
But it has not, simply for that reason,
voted emotionally for huge reduction in
the current program. Instead, indorsing
most of the OUTLAWS requested by the
President, it has wisely called for a
thorough study of the subject before any
sweeping economies are made.
BY all means, let us have some such
study, but in the interim let us not hack
away Unfortunately at mutual security.
The Senate ought certainly to follow It's
committees advice, and the whole issue
should be settled in conference with the
House in a way that will meet what the
administration regards as the minimum
requirements.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-20
Encouraging News

It is doubly gratifying to learn that
the General Services Administration is
enlarging its original Federal building
program in the to-be-redeveloped South
west section of Washington. The revision
of plans, calling for three instead of
two large office structures on the pro-
posed Tenth Street Mall, means, first of
all, an acceleration of the tempo-razing
program. This is because the lease-pur-
chase law under which the Southwest
Federal buildings will be erected, requires
the demolition of temporary shacks Law
ing Office space equivalent to the new
construction.
The second pleasing aspect Of the
GSA announcement is the decision to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-20
AMA's Vaccine Stand

I see where the American
Medical Association objects to
free shots of the Salk polio
vaccine, as many people are
taking the shots who are able
to pay. l see no reason for the
ANA to object to something
that DR.. Salk gave free to the
whole world. Why do doctors,
who had no part in bringing
this about, demand the.
pound of flesh," to augment
their very good income from
the poor as well as the wealthy
class? I believe they could live
a while longer on their fees
from other patients.
Inquisitive.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-20
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

fortunately. shrek Rat" when
they see an ambling possum
in the yard.
The ordinary pace Of the
creature is slow, mostly a dog
trot, as it is called, but faster
when a dog arrives on the
scene.
Then an opossum can make
good time, but if cornered he
will."play possum," lying inert
as if dead.
Poking and prodding. by
hand or animal snout, will not
move him.
Once upon a time a young
posSum was found in the
driveway of a home in Mont
gomery County.
"A rat" said the mailman.
Look at that tail"
So the watching children
became afraid, until one ar
rived who named the animal
correctly. But surely the baby
possum was just about the rat
size, and with that long naked
tail, made a very good looking
rat, indeed.
"It'S SICK" said the children,
so convincingly that even one
who knew better thought the
animal might profit by a little
meat and bread.
Neither food aroused the
young possum. 1t kept playing
dead"
On being taken to the Zoo, ,
the animal suddenly came to
life, when seized by officials,
and fought back rather fu-
riouSly at first.
There is practically no harm
in the opoSsum. This must be
kept in mind, especially by the
city person who happens to see
it the first time.
Before yelling rat" he should
look carefully for the hand
like paws, the deep. dark eyes
and the naked tail.
These three special marks
spell "opossum," not rat.
Americas possum is a mar
supial, much closer related to
Australians kangaroo than to
a rat.
Its tail is classed as prehen-
sile-that is, it can clutch and
hold with it.
The name opossum is thought
to have come from the Algon-
quin. meaning a white animal.
1t bears its young in a pouch.
and sometimes the babies ride
on the mothers back, hanging
onto the long tail, a strange
sight to see in any forest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-20
NAAcP and Boys Clubs

The campaign Of the Ma
tional Association for the ADJ
vancement of Colored People
to change the policy Of the
Boys Clubs to an integrated
one, whatever its merits, has
extremely sour overtoneS.
Pressure was applied upon
the District Commissioners to
withdraw police participation
and support. The Commits
sioners took a realistic and
commendable approach: They
believe that they cannot JUS
tify police support of a pri-
vate organization but they are
giving the Boys Clubs time
to gear anew their financial
machinery.
This writer believes that
any group of Americans has a
right to fight for equality
under the law but he cannot
understand what the NAACP
hoped to accomplish by at
lacking the segregated policy
of the Boys Clubs.
The very nature of all or
CARNATIONS like the Boys
Clubs is on the basis of social
groupings and attendance is
voluntary. Whether we agree
with it or not, a Sizeable pro-
portion Of the people Of this
community, while they have
acceded to migration in the
public schools and in other
public facilities, will not now
accept interracial social
grouping.
The Anacostia Fairlawn
swimming pool, for example,
formerly a white pool" is now
open to all races but in its
actual attendance is almost
100 per cent colored. Here is
a case Of legal indignation but
social segregation.
If similarly the Boys Clubs
were to lose their white Glen
tele by adopting theoretical
integration. this might be a
policy of high purpose but of
negative value to hundreds of
boys who need the services Of
Boys Clubs.
The intelligent leadership of
the NAACP must have some
understanding of the general
attitudes Of the whites, local
ly, to the acceptance Of this
type Of social indignation. If
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-20
WSTAS IN SCIENCE
u. S. Antarctic PROBING Is Exponded
BY THOMAS r. HENRY

The United States Antarc-
tic program for the Interna-
tional Geophysical Year, start
ing next summer. has been
expanded to include seven
stations on or near the polar
continent.
In addition to previously an
nounced camps at the South
Pole, Little America on the
Bay of Whales, and in the in
terror of Marie Byrd Land at
the foot of the Rockefeller
Mountains, there will be a
station on the Weddell Sea
on the other side Of the con-
tinent. near Cape Adare on
the Ross Sea, on the Knox
Coast south of Africa, and an
air operations camp on Ross
Island in the Ross Sea. Each
station will have its own par
ticular program, as well as a
part in the overall operations.
Little America on the vast
Ross ice shelf, site of five
previous American expeditions.
will serve as the headquarters
for the entire network. 1t is
about the nearest point on the
coast to the South Pole-less
than 800 miles. 1t provides
access to the continent in
other directions, so that the
bulk of needed supplies and
equipment can be. brought in
by ship and landed there.
From this point the Marie
Byrd Land station will be sup
piled, probably by sledge across
the Rockefeller range, or by
air drop if necessary.
To Explore Ross Shelf
Besides serving as a base for
a major scientific program, it
will serve as the main weather
station and the center of all
radio communications. An i'm
portant part of the program
will be exploration of the Ross
Shelf itself. This is one of the
wonders of the world, more
than $4,000 square miles of
floating ice attached like an
apron to the continent, con-
Stantly breaking off gigantic
icebergs, constantly building up
from the contributions of con-
tinental glaciers. Some geolo-
giSts consider it an integral
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-20
Lincoln Memorial

In tall Doric dignity
These futed columns
Rise through the sun fecked
haze of morning
Luminous in light
IN standing promise.
But iohen darkness ShroudS
their purity
Lights focus is on one
WHO sits beneath their height:
Simplicity in grandeur
Strength In ouietude.
Moude Rubin
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-20

part OF the continent. Some Of
the ice certainly is grounded.
The shelf has deep valleys.
miniature mountain ranges.
vast expanses Of snow desert.
The scientific party sta
toned at Little America will
try to map the shelf. They
also win study the rate Of an
nual ice accumulation, the rate
and form of annual wastage.
the structure Of the ice down
to depths of 100 feet, the tenn
perature Of the ice depths, and
the rate and direction Of shelf
movements. There also will be
studies Of the supply sources
of the shelf ice. to determine
the proportions contributed by
the valley glaciers, other OUT
lets of the inland ice, and the
annual snow accumulation on
the shelf itself.
Other Studies
Other subjects to be studied
will be local weather at vari-
Gus parts Of the shelf the re-
spouse of the shelf as q whole
to weather changes, and heat
exchange at the surface of the
ice. 1t is little appreciated
that weather conditions on the
great ice shelf profoundly af-
feet the weather of the world,
> especially of the southern
Hthemisphere. The area is the
most persistent low pressure
belt on earth.
The observations will be car
9ied out through two summers,
five-month periods of almost
continuous daylight. Sledge ex-
petitions, it is expected, will
traverse the shelf in all direc-
tions from Little America.
These observations will involve
considerable danger since parts
of the area are deeply crew
aSsed and only the region in
the immediate vicinity of the
camp is well known. Most par
ties, however, will be in charge
of Antarctic veterans familiar
with the essential navigational
techniques.
For two years Little America
will be the metropolis of Ant
arctica, No other government,
so far as is known, plans so
elaborate a setup below the
Antarctic Circle.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-20

continue building at least some Govern
ment office structures in Washington.
There had been a regrettable trend to-
ward relocation" of Federal agencies
outside the District of Columbia. We hope
the plan for expanding the Federal build
ing program in Southwest Washington
reflects change of policy that will halt
the movement of Government agencies
from the constitutional seat of Govern
mert.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-20
"FALLS CHURCH VA

AAI1jO Of1OtNCd, VA.
AFTER supper last night I
heard my dog barking at some
thing which he had cornered
between the back porch and
the basement.
II got the flashlight and dis
covered it to be a young
opoSSum about the size of a
rat.
Il put on my gloves and put
1t outside the dog yard in a
followed out stump while I
looked around for some of its
possible litter mates.
When I returned, the young
possum had gone. but I had.
at least. put it in a spot where
1t wouldn't be molested by the
dog.
Sincerely, o. E. c."
One does not have to move
to the woods to see opossums.
These friendly animals APP
pear in suburban sections of
nearby Maryland and Virginia.
Moreover, a score or more
OF them are moving around
freely in the outskirts of the
city. particularly in George
town.
One resident not too far
from the river has erected pos
sum houses. as he calls them,
small boxes with roofs sup
ported on stakes.
This keeps the animals
from feeling hemmed in, but
gives them a certain amount
of shelter from rain and wind.
At one time in the recent
cold winter, this householder
had a pair of poSSums. and
nightly fed them with bread
and meat.
Il + 4 X
The animals took the bread
first, then ate the meat.
They seem to prefer white
bread, rather than whole
wheat; and like ground beef
better than a whole slice.
Some readers may think
this is going rather far, but
they have yet to make the
personal acquaintance of the
Virginia opossum, as it is
sometimes called.
Here is one of Americas
real forest princes, with it's
deep-set dark eyes, wonderful
hands" and ugly naked rat
like tail.
One must overcome the pref
udice about the tail, before
learning to welcome the opos-
sum, but once this is done. the
watcher will find a friend.
Too many city people, un-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-20
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used if
letters carry tDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
Sdtion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-20

NNCeA WIN A04lA ouI plQSGSs
Most people feel that it is
wicked to destroy good prod
ucts in order to keep up
prices. But the Woodworking
farmers deserve not to pro-
duce at a loss. The subsidies
given to farmers by the Gov
eminent are paid for by the
people. since all monies spent
by government come from the
people. Yet the people get no
benefit from the large produc-
ton of goods. Value is based
on scarcity. For instance, if
there were only one loaf Of
bread in the world, it could be
worth billions Of dollars. So,
scarcity Of goods on one hand,
and large dollar valuations on
the other hand, do not mean
welfare for the people.
My idea is, have a prosper
ity clearance sale of farm sur
pluses, as needed, say semi
annually or quarterly, spon-
sored by the Government or
its agent, with the people di-
rectly participating. The ra-
tioning system could be used,
people paying for the tokens
or ration books the amount
needed to cover the expense of
distribution. The price of the
farm surpluseS should be cost
with a moderate margin Of
profit to the farmer. The
moderate profit to the farmer
would prevent loss to him. but
would not encourage him, as
a rule, to produce surpluses.
That would be an automatic
check to overproduction.
SURPRISES now, If not actu-
ally destroyed or kept in ex-
pensive warehouses until de-
stroyed, are sometimes given
away to prisons, hospitals,
schools and other institutions.
This smacks Of charity, yet
the people pay. Giving away
to other countries also smacks
of charity, and our people
have the frustrated feeling
that charity should begin at
home. Millions of Americans
have never tasted butter, on
account Of the exorbitant
prices. They would be glad
Of the chance to buy a few
pounds at the surplus sales.
and there would be no faint
Of charity. Farmers who raise
one or a few kinds Of products
would be glad to buy SURPRISES
of products they do not raise.
The extra buying of SURPRISES
would lead to the buying of
other goods. For instance,
with cheaper butter, more
people would make cakes and
candies. using more flour,
milk, sugar, nuts, raisins, etc.
New uses could be made of
surpluses. For example, mi
gratory birds could be fed sur
plus grains. The bobolink, for
instance, is extremely valu-
able to some parts Of the Ma
ton for eating insects. but
when migrating in masses
they may stop at a farmers
field and take wanted grain.
Along the migratory routes,
surplus grain could be placed.
so that no farmers crop need
be disturbed. 1t is stupid and
cruel to kill precious migrat-
ing birds when they try TO get
some food, considering that at
other times they do inesti-
mable good. On account Of in
sects, there is the enormous
loss in the Nation Of over So
billion q year.
II this fundamental idea
were accepted. many interest,"
ing details and uses could be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-20

active graduate nurses for
each 1000 population, as COM
pared with 2.15 in 1910. There
are now about 100000 nursing
personnel - registered and
practical nurses, aides, at
tendants, orderlies-in the
United States. But the in
creased demand for nursing
services in hospitals has led,
in large part. to a shortage of
hospital professional nursing
personnel. Many nurses are
engaged in public health
nursing, industrial nursing.
the armed forces. physicians
offices, government and busi-
ness operations abroad, teach
ing, and research, and more
are needed in those areas.