davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15
"UnTon's 5X...fTnest motor oil
made for diesel farm tractors"

Unions T5X.. finest motor oil made for diesel farm
tractors like the three Alis-C Chalmers HD-1Os use
to farm some 1900 acres in Orange County.
Il overhaul them every 5000 hours Yet even after
this period of hard usage in dusty, sandy soil never
find the liners worn more than OO4" to .OO5" :.
interior engine parts are Clean and the bearings are
usually in such good shape hate to change them"
Mr. Wolverton's statements are based on many
years experience with Union Oil products on Mon
tana and Southern California ranches. He's one of
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15

G. 0. Garrick, Outlook
WinninghOff Motors, PhiIipsburg
Leo HOIzknecht, Plains
A. J. Thunen, PIentywood
Francis E. WetzeI, Poison
Harley E. Weydt, Red Lodge
Charles E. Fellows, Shelby
Miller Bros, st. Regis
Ralph D. & ollie D. Small, Stanford
Stranahan Oil Co., Twin Bridges
Ernest Wilson, West Yellowstone
Don Reed, White Sulphur Springs
W. C. Beckwith, Whitehall
lanes H. Selway, Salmon, Idaho
ROdvOld & Hinsverk, WIIiston, North Dakota
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15
UNION OIL COMPANY
OF CALIFORNIA
OF CALIFORNIA

Los Angeles Union Oil Bldg New Yo As Rockefeller Chicago:
1912 8onke 8dg' New Orleans: ga Noono Bonk Bldg
Atanio 4o1 Atomic NuiiOnu Bldg Konsos City h ST.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15

I SURE HOPE this don't turn out to
be one of them one-sided campanes
where one side knows it don't have to
buy votes and the other side knows it
amt got chance to buy enough.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15

thousands of Western farmers and ranchers who've
found that the finest farm lubricants and fuels come
from Union. Call your nearby Union Oil representa-
tive for prompt delivery.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15

When Grandpa FrozzeY's pipe is
9oin' good it con be smell down-wind
clear to Beaver Slide. Club Huckey
and Quog Tofer tried to get close
enough to see if it was the pipe itself
or the tobacco. but they was plumb
overcome and had to be revived by
the fire department.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15

SURE HOPE this don't turn out to
be one of them one-sided campanes
where one side knows it don't have to
buy votes and the other side knows it
amt got chance to buy enough.
When Grandpa FrozzeY's pipe is
9oin' good it con be smelt down-wind
clear to Beaver Slide. CIub Huckey
and Quog Tofer tried to oct close
enough to see if it was the pipe itself
or the tobacco, but they was plumb
overcome and had TO be revived by
the fire department
Evry young teller oughta get all the
schoolin' he can. He can join any of the
armed forces and travel and learn the
problems of furrin lands at first hand,
but he. can't worry about 'em proper
without a college education.
Most towns do a heap of bruggin',
but not our HdrdscrubbIe. All we've
got TO brog about is thot STRANGERS is
never told this is the biggest little
city in the world.
1t does beat all how little trash it
takes to turn whole township into one
big junk pile
Grandma. Whepley is forever VOW
in hot
certoin she don't know what the
worlds comm to and oil she's sure of
is thut when ii comes to il she won't
like it,
They'S faces around here so hard and
set it don't look like they'll ever smile
again, it has been that long since the
last rain.
When he was young. RinqtdiI
Skump learnt never to trode for q boss
without lookin' at its teeth. Now he's
forever gettin' stung on some old
joloppY just because its spark PLUGS
is new and cleon.
We hear lot about fallout these DAYS.
Maybe it'd be a bright idea to take
some of the stuff and vaxinate few of
these clouds floatin' through the sky
that nOthin' ever seems to fall out of.
Siedge Wicup soYs that up to this
summer he never knowed why he Just
kept on fdrnlin' and stGrvin' year otter
year. Now he's landed gentlemen
putin in his time till q subdivider
comes along.
Young folks oughta appreciate all the
school taxes we're payin' and the bonds
we're votin' for their good, but they
don't-and they won't till they come to
pay off the bonds.
The credit monnidgers of our COM
munitY has Clipped in and bribed
Nub PLinker to stop brGggin' about
how much money he owes. He made
il sound like they didn't have no judy
ment whatever.
Go ahead. Find out how fast that new
car of yours will go. Maybe you'll also
find out how fast the ambulance goes,
and even the funeral coach.
The books says muskeeters must
have water to breed in. but they uin't
puddle Ground here and we've cot
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15

August IS, l956-2l
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15

Evry young teller oughta get all the
Schoolin' he can. He can join any of the
armed forces and travel and learn the
problems of furrin lands at first hand,
but he. can't worry about 'em proper
without college education.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15

We hear lot about fallout these days.
Maybe it'd be bright idea to take
some of the stuff and vaxinate few of
these clouds floatin' through the sky
that nothin' ever seems to fall out of.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15

Young folks oughta appreciate all the
school taxes we're payin' and the bonds
we're votin' for their good, but they
don't-and they won't till they come to
pay off the bonds.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15

Siedge Wicup soYs that up TO this
summer he never knowed why he Just
kept on formin' and storvin' year otter
year. Now he's landed gentleman
putin in his time till q subdivider
comes along.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15

When he was young. RingtqH
Skump learnt never to trade for a boss
without Iookin' ot its teeth. Now he's
forever gettin' stung on some old
jolopPY just because its spark PLUGS
is new and cIeon.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15

They's faces around here so hard and
set it don't look like they'll ever smile
again. it has been that long since the
last rain.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15

The credit monnidgers of our COM
munitY has Clipped in and bribed
Nub Plinker TO stop broggin' about
how much money he owes. He made
it sound like they didn't have no judy
ment whatever.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15

The books says muskeeters must
have water to breed in. but they Gin't
a puddle ground here and we've got
the usual sworms to poster US. Any
place where there wos water in the
lost nine years is wet enough for a
SquowberrY Flat muskeeter.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15

Most towns do a heap of brugqin',
but not our HordscrGbble. All we've
got TO brug about is thGt strangers is
never told this is the biggest little
city in the world.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15

1t does beat all how little trash il
takes to turn whole township into one
big junk pile.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15

Grondm0 Whepley is forever VOW
in that everthing's SO upset and I'M
certoin she don't know what the
worlds comm TO and oil she's sure of
is that when ii comes to it she won't
like it.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1956-08-15

Go ahead. Find out how fast that new
car of yours will go. Maybe you'll ais,
find out how fast the ambulance goes
and even the funeral coach.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-02-10
Beauty League
Region Meet
Feb. 1914

The Minneapolis Beauticians
club, chapter No. 2l0 and the
ST. Paul Beauticians club,
chapter No. 30. viii be hosts
TO the Regional Convention of
the Beauty Culturist League
February II thru the l4th.
The sessions will begin at p.
m. Sunday. February IL, at the
Phyllis Wheatley Settlement
House, 500 Aldr1ch Az, n. Some
500 delegates from Iowa, Nebras-
ka, Oklahoma, Kansas and Mis-
sour are expected 10 be in at
tendance,
The latest methods in care of
the hair and scalp. hair styling,
etc. will be demonstrated by the
leading hair stylists Special elm
ic session win be conducted each
day by George Ritter OF St Paul
and Mrs Josephine Terrell OF St
Louis, Mo.
The public is invited to attend
the clinic sessions. There is no
admission charge.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-02-10
RICHARD DAVIS CHARGED
WITH ASSAULT FOR
BEATING MITE BRUCE

Richard Davis. 3i2 Carroll Az.
was arrested on Tuesday, Fcbru~
AIRY 7. and charged with third IL"
gree assault on tho complaint Of
Mrs Nettie l. Bruce, also of 3i2
CarroI Az. ~ Paul
Mrs Bruce Was treated ~
Ancker hospital for chest injuries
on Saturday. February I Sh" told
police that DAVIS. who lives IN ~"
next room broke into her room
attempted 10 rape her
Following DAVIS statement IN
which he admitted beating the wp.
man. bu, said that she had come
10 his room. first 10 borrow u
cigarrct and drink half clad
the attorneys 0fflce reduced the
charge 10 assault
According "a Davis, Mrs Bruce
had taken bottle 81 wine from
his room and when he went 10 ash
her 10 return the bottle, the wo-
man became abusive
Police said both Mrs Bruce
and Davis have been known 10 ~
Paul police on assault charges
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-02-10

This was heightened by Steven
sons advocacy ~ ~ KradualiHilc
approach Ia solving ~ the race
and aggregation problem which IL
anath"ma to Negroes because
gradualism hnE brought the Ne
gro IN the South nat much nearer
"a first class citizenship than be-
wa shortly after the CiWl War
In the past the advocates of
gradualiHm and ds-smphasiH mi
laws Ia end inequitios have come
from the South This IN the FIRST
time - Presidential aRpirant Of
the party which has been largely
supported by northern and border
states Negroes has advocated
grahuRnsm.
Negro leaders have been urR
lng both Federal and state gov
ornmeni 10 use law enforcement
agencies at their command 10
stop drprcdatIDns ~ Negro
American rights n local forces
AMI the E1BI cannot halt violence
such ~ has occurred IN MiRHia-
sppi and on the campus 81 the
University ~ Alabama. some Ne
gro and white civil rights leaders
say " n troops ought 10 be used
10 establish law and order
Critical disqualification with
Stevenson by California Negroes
was reported In q dispatch from
~ Y Times political writer "
~ Lawrence. printed In the Wed.
nesday, Feb = edition ~ the Min
nsspoBH Morning TRIBUNE
Mr.. Lawrence wrote
AdlEi Stevenson told Negro
audience here Tuesday that ~
president he would not cut off
federal funds from aggregated
schools nor use federal troops 10
cnfOrc" Indignation.
IIs emphasized a view that only
gradual means vii bring a truly
snlisfar tory settlement ~ the
school c1alA and other problems
affecting equal nights for all
Americans
It's stand was not one that
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-02-10

pleased many IN his audience %
200
n served 10 speed an already
percoptible shin among Negro
leaders from support Of Steven
son 10 Zen Estes Ksfauver Of
Tennessee.
The two are competing In
June ., winnsrstAke-al primary
for CALIFORNIA; 136 delegates with
81 Democrat convention votes.
To the blunt question Of
whether he would Use the army
ard navy, n necessary. 10 enforce
the supreme court decision out
having aggregation In public
schools, Stevenson responded.
Il think that would be a great
mistake That In exactly what
brought on the Civil War.
II can't be done by troops or
bayoneta We must proceed grad
unlly, not upsetting habits or ira
diiiOns that are older than tho
republic"
There was a murmur Of protest
In the crowd and one tall Negro
standing next 90 this correspond
ent said fatty; II think he In a
phnny"
SIN later. when faced with .
query about his support Of an a
msndmrnt 10 deny federal aid
funds 10 southern states that re-
fuse 20 lntegrate their schools.
Stevenson answered that he would
be against such n federal ban.
The greatest force for better
racial relations and for unity N
10 expand and strengthen the edu-
cstional systems Of all the states
he said
You should not cut off your
nose IN spite your face" he said.
Can you imagine THAR"
Negro asked his companion in
credulously
s'evenson's response that he
does not really understand inter
position" NJ advocated In some
CONTINUED on page ~
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-02-10
Fannie" Pierre
Lewis. Church
Worker, Buried

Services for Mrs Frances Fan.
nicl Pierre Lewis. 81, Of 3937
Portland Az, who died Sunday,
February 3. at Minneapolis Gen
eral hospital, were held at 2 p. m.
Wednesday. February s. at ~
Peters AME church Rev. Martin
l.. Simmons, officiated, assisted
by Rev. :. Wesley Collins md
other clergy Of the city.
Mrs. Lewis was born January
10. 1873 on Minneapolis EaAtSide,
then known M st Anthony Falls
She was the daughter Of Elizabeth
and Richard Burke. who were a.
monR the early settlers. Her
father operated a barber shop on
the cast side, catering 10 many Of
the pioneer citizens like the PILLS
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-02-10

Usher, Frank iarkin, DrL clerk
of the Minnesota state supreme
court, Robert Short, attorney and
trucking firm president; william
Biln oLoughlin, former third
district nFL chairman. Betty
Wood, former vice-chairman OF
the Firth Ward pFL, Sam Bell
man, attorney and former liberal
members Of the state legislature:
Mayor John stopka, Columbia
Heights, DEL leader, Mrs Signe
nurkhardt, 10th ward DFL chair
woman and Befnics Lien,
In Ramsey county II N under
atood that some of the Kefauver
delegates viii he Representative
Peter Popovich, Representative
Don WoEniak, liberal whip In the
recent session Of the Minnesota
legislature, Frank Emme, general
chairman Of the brotherhood OF
Railway Clerks; Wallace Finn,
CO regional director, Mrs. Jas
per Russell, long active In Demo
cratic circles
Reports from California that
Kefauver'H campaign was receiv-
ing support from prominent Me-
gro leaders" were hailed by Cecil
Newman aA evidence that the
people want affirmative, positive
positions on the civil rights ques-
ton from candidates for preai-
dental nominations
mans Statement
Commenting ON u story by N.
Y, TIMES political writer. w. II.
Lawrence. which said Stevcnaon's
speech TO 200 California Negro
Democrats this week was poorly
received, Newman said His
(stevonaon'sl remarks In califor-
mia. In which he had the effrontry
10 counsel q gradnalistie approach
90 ,As sAhe preblem ls-an indica-
ton that Mr.. Stevenson In com
plslely unaware, that the civil
rights Issue In this nation has be-
come It's most vital problem,
No study % Peoples Temper
III also confirms our opinion
that Mr.. Stevenson has made no
Continued on page ~
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-02-10

Rev sexton, one 81 the out
standing ministers In the Twin
CITY area, In - graduate of Mico
College, Kingston. Jamaica. Gam
mon Theological Seminary and
has studied at New York city
College
After serving four years ~ A..
spciaie Minister Of r. Mark
Church. Chicago. he assumed his
present post N Minneapolis
Rev Sexton viii bring Ia the
public gathering q background Of
experience that Includes serving
~ delegate 10 IA" Fourth Nation
~ Study Conference 1n Churches
and World Order IN Cleveland and
nsrvinH M nm evangelical with tn"
Iocour EvangciiRiic Nihai0n IN
Japan during the summer ~ 1854
His message for Sunday n on
tilted, The visiur ~ Waiting
World"
FEATURED again this y"nr will bc
the Twin Citira Symphonic Chorus
under the direction 81 . u Dahl"
This distinguished iui"rrhclal
musical organization has PARTED,
pated for many Year, 10 this m
nusl service
other program participants are
Mrs ! " Iirdquist. President,
Minneapolis Council ~ church
Women. Miss Maria Montana
Bahs1 Assembly 81 Minneapolis.
rnbbi Max shapiro ~ tempt"
Israel, Rev worth l. Barbour
pastor. Bethesda Baptist church
he ~ Rev Hamilton " KrllDRg
Bishop Cpailu'0r ~ the Diocese
~ Minnesota Marshall Di"b"h
president bDard ~ directors Min
ncapolis Urban League
Uahara Tor Tho service will b"
CDlendgo Ji"ndon. Reuben Iiar-
graves. Aaryn ArrahonhD, Don
Oitrrnrsa. Tiohafd EuEhlnD, Ar
thur Cunningham Grafg" cardin-
81. Richard Otari. Preston ThGmp
son. william Cardinal AlDysius
3, Chair and William O'terneaa
The Minneapolis rrban League
Guild win ~" cooperation ~ the
Jatnnsar American Community
Center. Minneapolis Council -
church Women YWCA. Twin
CITY Ttainb,,H cub and The Baha1
Assembly ~ Minneapolis win
sponsor a i"s Immediately foIinn".
INK the service
The public II invited ~ join this
annual expression ~ spiritual
democracy and fellowship
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-02-10

buryE and Washburns. etc
She was o charter member and
dsaconess Of 81 Peters AAE
church, n former member ~ tho
WCTU, the unit now known ~
tho Ophelia RICE unit and a mem
Der and secretary 81 E-Ne"t-Us
club 81 Phyllis whssiley Settle
ment House, an affiliate ~ the
Senior Activities Association Of
Heunepin county.
Mrs L@wiH had been In ailtnR
health for a number ~ years bat
this I'D not deter her civic and
charitable activities
Back In 1915 Mrs Lewfs and
the late Mrs OphsHa pc". NJ
members ~ a Minneapolis Wo-
mems Christian Temperance unit.
started their monthly visits 20
saltwater pris0n. bringing cheer
and comfort 20 the prison inmates
The unit a. the death ~ Mrs Rice
was named IN her hmm tho
OphsEa Rice Unit n the wCTT
and IL stin active ,f.day
In the years tina, foIlorRsd from
The frs, visit back In August 10
1915. Mrs LsWis has made hun.
drsds ~ visits and has me, five
wsrfsns during her 90 years -
volunteer sSrydcs The wardrns
members 81 the staff AMI inmates
came % knoV hsr A. Mother
Lswis" Che fonfIy called herself
the little Hfsr IN parols
In the December 1855 edition ~
Christmas ESh1eE ar annual -
Christmas Literature and Az
Doro'hy Ryan Wruts a stan ~
the hfs - 'h1'hsr LsNrs citinE
her visits - he prs1r many
'irEss bringing entertainment. pro
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-02-10
inns Place Bartender
Bound, Gagged Robbed
Of $2,586 Receipts

A masked and armed robber
bound and gagged James Sis
nay, ~, of $50 st. Anthony
Av., st. Paul, veteran bar
tender at Jim Williams tavern
st. Anthony and Kent SITS,
early Saturday morning, Feb
ruary 4 and escaped with 3d.
$50. Mr.. Sinay suffered a
stroke a few hours later and
was hospitalized at Ancker
hospital until Tuesday, Jan
uary Z.
Mr.. Sisnay told police that he
received a phone call just shortly
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-02-10

grams bsi Srs arranged and hrT
minister and others.
Surviving are 0ns daughter,
Mrs Beatrice Singer Miles Hirh .
two sonA, Benjamin Franklin
r5sTe Chicago and RDbsr, l.
rErrs. Minneapolis with wbrn
she made her home. a sister, Mrs
LJsIa Gardner. Minneapolis. 10
grandchildren and n great grand
children
Burial was in Lakewood GENE
'rry.
Members Of the family who
came ~ the city 10 attend funeral
ssryiosS include Mr. and Mrs
EHbsr' Singer. Niles MICH
laughter and Syn -in-Isw. M and
Mrs Benjamin Pierre Chicago
agn and dsgRh,sr-in law Mr. sn3
Mrs william LaWs1n Sfles
Mon granddaughter and grand
sJn Mrs. Roberta Powell slIsz
granddaughter Anf Eobsf' Singer
lr grandson
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-02-10
CECIL ADhlR AND
EDWARD POWELL TO
REOPEN WARES RESORT

Mr., and Mrs Cecil Adair and
Edward Powell announce the re-
opening 81 Hidden Eden" resort
formerly Wares Assortl. boat
Al IN beautiful Fox Lake. The
new owners will continue 70 make
this an deal vacation spot with
fishing, hunting and bathing for
all sports lovers
Cabins VII Be- available AZ mod }.
crate prices.
For information and rsSerya-
tons Cali Mrs Cecil Adalr. Si22
James Az " Minneapolis IL
Minnesota Tel AIdrirh 1915 --
Ant
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-02-10

SENATpR EsTEN kEFAUVEH
- FUN slate Of delegate candidates
had been selected aa Kcfauver
supporters
A press conference and dinner
for kcfauvcr supporters win fol-
low the Ming ceremonies which
win be held In the governors re-
ception room AT the state capitol
building according To present
plans
Delegate Lists
The full liat OF the Kefauver
delegate slate will be issued after
they are FILED along with the peti.
'tion by RenRtor kafauVcr ming
his name M candidate,
a total ~ 10 Twin CltiAna are
expected Ia be named 10 the he.
fauver slate II present plans are
approved Among them. In IIenne.
pin county are former fire chief
George X Jnokhnrt, Cecil New
man, Twin city newspaper pub.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-02-10

before 8 a m, on Saturday morn
ing from someone representing
himself as a member Of the police
department When he answered
the door a few moments later. ex-
peCtng the police, n man. clad in
mask and wearing gloves. fore
ed himself in.
4 revolver In his hand, he de-
manded to know where the safe
was. When Sisney told him there
was no safe and that no money
was kept in his premises. the rob
Der forced him 10 lay down on the
kitchen floor. tied his hands be-
hind his back and his feet to-
gether. Sisnay was also gagged
and blindfolded
Mr. Sisnay told police he could
hear the robber opening the door
10 the refrigerator The money.
in two canvas bank baks and
cigar box, was found in the oven
Of the stove. by the gIuman. 4
gun belonging 10 the bartender
which was also kept in the stove
was taken by the intruder. who
had pulled the telephone from
the wall before he began his
search.
II was about an hour after the
robber left before Mr. Slsnay was
able n free himself When he dis
covered he could not phone the
police from his apartment, he sat
exhausted at his window until he
saw Robert Brown, s33 Rondo Az.
another bartender coming 10 work
at the tavern He called 20 Brown
from the window and Brown
called the rsolire
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-02-10

VINO Wah also popular NahhuaN
Tor the nomination IN 1902,
Don woEniak of ST. Paul. state
campaign adviser for the kcfau.
Yer and Hialmar Petersen, chair
man of the Minnesota KcfauVer
far President committee aaid that
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1956-02-10
Minneapolis FEPc Posi-
Goes To Former Union
Leader Louis n. Erwin

The Minneapolis FEPC has
named as it's executive director,
Louis II, Erwin, Twin city labor
and political figure. Erwin was
selected from among the four