davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-06
Constitution and the School Issue

FBI or anyone else to police
local disorders.
There are some old laws
of doubtful constitutionality
passed in the reconstruction
period nearly a century ago
which might be stretched to
cover interference with the
exercise of any constitutional
right. But under such a
doctrine. all such cases in
volving picketing in labor dis
putes probably would have to
be prosecuted hereafter by the
Federal Government.
The Federal Judge dealing
with the case at Clinton may
issue injunctions and order
arrests. but to be lawful it
would have to be proved that
the disorder was for the
avowed purpose of preventing
the school board from eIimi-
mating discrimination in the
school. A boycott against at
tendance, for instance, where
school attendance is compul-
sorry under State laws, would
be a State and not a Federal
question. If it were found that
threats or even assaults were
being made against citizens
who wanted to have their chill
dren attend the mixed school
at Clinton, this would be pri-
marily an offense under the
laws of the State of Tennes-
see.
The Constitution says the
Federal Government may en-
force law and order within a
State only when the State Leg
islature or the Governor-if
the Legislature cannot be con-
vened--asks for protection
against domestic violence"
So it's up to the State of
Tennessee to preserve order.
Maybe the school board at
Clinton, in its bewilderment,
thought the Supreme Court
had written a new Constitu-
ton putting the operation of
the school systems Of Amer
lea into the hands of the
Federal Government instead
Of the States. But that's a
mistaken assumption. Policing
disorder in and around the
schools is still a State prob
lem.
Reproduction rights Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-06
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Democrats sad that Stevenson won't again for
President When Ada runs the angels sing harp play
and defeat has sweet enchantment all its
Congress may forgive the interest Britains loans We
did pretty well this time Usually not only pay Engands
fight them
Social security 100000 aged 1854 will start
drawing pension checks Women fact
lot of them aged ten the minute they the
pension.
The White House protests of Ike's name on a LIQUOR
bottle Mr. Eisenhower declines anything that gurges
except Republican candidates going time
The United Nations again demands that observers be let
into Hungary The free world bravey scaled peak of liberty
and built an observation tower.
Christmas shopping time is the season of the year when
man wishes ne belonged to small, compact family of
democrats name 2O-man committee to chart program
WHAT'S wanted nice package for the votergt-wrapped
to make him forget that he's also taxpayer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-06

ing the prospect of continued en-.
rollment increases far beyond
anything in this country before
Certainly the, time is ripe, in
fact overdue. for enactment Of
sound and effective Federal aio
to help build more classrooms
for our public schools OuI
children cannot wait, and oul
cause is no less than their fu-
Iture.
"And this means all of ou
children. We are hopeful thai
the complex problems Of schoo
indignation will not undermine {
school construction program de.
signed to benefit children of al
races.
"The serious problem of int.
grafton, believe, should be con.
sidered separately-on a calm
and reasoned basis, with mutua
goodwill and deep respect for thu
orderly processes of law anc
justice"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-06

been clearly established that the
industrial plant of Western
Europe is inviting disaster if il
continues to remain overwhelm-
ingly dependent on the fuel re-
sources of a politically unreliable
portion of the world.
1T is not sufficiently under
stood by on-Europeans that
our critical reliance on oil as a
source of fuel is not long stand
ing but very new" he said.
Nearly one-third of Frances
industrial production depends on
oil. But, 10 years ago, it was
less than half that.
The same is true of other
countries to varying degrees.
During the war. Hitler kept the
continent producing with rela-
lively little oil and certainly none
from the Middle East. 1t is
because Western Europe has so
overhauled and modern
lied its factories in the last few
years that the petroleum short
age is such a nightmare now"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-06
Petrov Becomes
.AustruIiun Citizen

SYDNEY, Australia. Dec. 6 (41.
Vladimir Petrov. former third
secretary at the Russian En-
bassy who exposed a widespread
Soviet spy ring, and his wife are
now naturalized Australian citi-
zens.
The official Commonwealth
Gazette listed their names to-
day among those granted natu-
radiation certificates.
Mr.. Petrov fled from his post
in the embassy at Canberra in
April. 1854, and exposed the spy
network. When Russian officials
tried to take his wife, Evdokia,
back to Russia under armed
guard, Australian authorities dis
armed the guards. Mrs. Petrov
decided to join her husband in
political asylum.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-06
Our Ambassador in Moscow

ton instigated by the USSR,
the U. N. did show its disap-
proval Of "inhuman'' methods
by withdrawing the personal
representatives Of its members
from Madrid.
Why. it is now asked, have
these presidents not been
used against the USSR? 1t
is quite understandable that
the free world powers want to
avoid an armed conflict with
the USSR in the same way
they tried to avoid World
War II. by sacrificing Czech
oslovakia and Austria. But
recall Of ambassadors from
Moscow would not have
brought about a break in dip
lolnatic relations and a greater
threat Of war. Rather, it
would have had a moral effect
on the satellites whom we have
been urging for SO many years
to keep up their courage be-
cause their liberation is not
far of.
Recall Of ambassadors would
have meant much more to OPP
pressed people than the efforts
of the free world to feed the
defeated rebels and give shell
ter to the unfortunates who
managed to escape from the
Communist grip after their
efforts to shake off the Com
munist yoke had failed.
The U. N. did not hesitate
to take quick measures to COM
pei the British, French and
Israeli forces to get out Of
Egypt. This country applied
some coercive methods such
as Withholding the sale Of
American oil until the agree
ment to withdraw. Yet neither
the U. N. nor the free nations
seem to have given any
thought to applying to the
USSR the moral sanctions
which were applied to Hitler
and Franco.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-06
THOMAS l. STOKES
Democratic Guilt Complex

from the Senate picked for
the advisory committee. the
Northern and Western wing
Of the party has three-Sen-
ator Mike Mansfield Of Mon
tana, who is slated to be as
sistant party leader, in addi-
ton to Senators Humphrey
and Kennedy. The South has
two in Senate Leader johnson
and Senator George A. Smath-
ers Of Florida. who is chair
man of the senatorial CAM
paign committee for his party.
OF the five members picked
from the House of Represent
atives. the South has Speaker
Rayburn, with another-Rep<
resentative Carl Albert of
Oklahoma = from a border
State. Three are from the
Northern and Western wings
Of the party. They are Repre-
sentative Michael j. Kirwan of
Ohio. chairman of the Con-
greSsional Campaign Commit
tee; House Democratic Floor
Leader John Mccormack Of
Massachusetts and Mrs. Edith
Green Of Oregon, representing
the Pacific Northwest where
Democrats had so great success
in congressional, State and To-
cal elections.
Progressivism has a strong
voice in both the House, and
Senate groups. 1t has also in
two other leaders-Govs. Aver
ell Hartman Of New York and
Mennen Williams Of Michigan
who are in the governors
and mayors group. The other
members in this group are
Cows. Luther H. Hodges Of
North Carolina and Ernest w.
Mcfarland Of Arizona, for
merly Senate Democratic lead
err here. and Mayor Raymond
r. Tucker Of st. Louis.
Progressivism is also pre-
dominant in the "at large"
members picked by Chairman
Butler. In addition to Adlai
Stevenson. former President
Truman. and Mrs. Roosevelt.
this group includes Senator
Kefauver. The fifth member.
former Gov. John S. Battle Of
Virginia. is a conservative, but
supported Adlai Stevenson
both this year and also in 1852
when he was Governor. though
in 1851 Senator Harry P.
Byrd. the Virginia Democratic
boss. refused his support to
Ada Stevenson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-06
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Failure to Pull Envoy Home When Reds
Attocked Hungorions Is Questioned

ment. The Krenlin directo-
rate rushed troops and tanks
which fired point blank at a
helpless civilian population.
America, which has always
stood for m oral principles.
could, on its own initiative and
without breaking diplomatic
relations with the USSR, have
shown its disapproval of the
Soviet barbarian act by order
ing Ambassador Bohlen to ere
port" to Washington as was
done in the Nazi case. The
fact that the Jews in Ger
many were nominally German
citizens living within the Reich
while the Hungarians lived in
their own country does not
change the situation in the
slightest. 1t rather makes it
worse because it also entails
aggression on what Moscow
describes as a friendly coun-
try"
Similarly. in 1916, the United
Nations on the initiative Of the
USSR and the United States
put its stamp Of <disapproval
on SPANS dictator Francisco
Franco by offering a resolu-
ton calling for withdrawal of
the chiefs Of missions Of all
the U. N. members. The reso-
luton was approved by an
overwhelming vote. Subse-
quently, all leading powers
which had diplomatic relations
with Spain recalled their am
bassadors, leaving only minor
officials in charge of their
embassies in Madrid. The prin-
cipal charge against frances
government was that he was
ruthless in his suppression of
communism and Communists.
But regardless of the motives
which were behind the resolu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-06


with vaccine.
To-day, supplies of the vac
cine are plentiful for both chill
dren and young adults.
But We have a new danger
the danger of public apathy.
1T is ironic that, in the face
of such a dread disease, large
quantities of antipolio vaccine
are not being used. They are
piled up in warehouses and set
ting on drugstore shelves.
UNLESS vaccine is promptly
used. many persons will suffer
paralysis or even death-next
year-who could have beer
spared.
when the vaccine was scarce
and the Government and manu-
facturers were desperately try
ing to increase the supply, the
vaccine then was the subject OF
massive news and editorial at
tention.
ut is not in the nature Of
news-and the traditional role
of public service by the press
ito put today'S situation with
equal force before the American
lpublic?"
Mr.. Folsom renewed an APP
peal for quick action by Con.
gresS to provide Federal aid fol
school construction.
There are grave deficiencies
accumulated over many pas
years." hessaid, "and we are fac.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-06
Law Seen Forbidding Forced Segregation,
Not as Requiring Forced Integr0tion

no violation Of the Consti-
tuition is involved, even though
the children Of different races
voluntarily attend different
schools, as they attend diff
ferent churches.
Nothing in the Constitution
or in the decision of the SUI
preme Court takes away from
the people freedom to choose
the schools they attend. The
Constitution, in other words,
does not require Indignation. 1t
merely forbids discrimination.
1t does not forbid such segre-
cation as occurs as the result
Of voluntary action. 1t merely
forbids the use Of governmental
power to enforce segregation"
The schools of Clinton,
Tenn, are today open to all
races. The school board has
complied in all respects with
the Supreme Courts decision.
If anyone attempts to in
tinidate the school board this
would come under the Federal
judges existing order which
forhids interference with the
functioning of the school board.
The extent of such interior
Sence. however, and how far
public sentiment" itself in
the form of criticism can be
expressed in free America
without being confronted with
contempt charges, are delicate
questions for the Supreme
Court to clarity some day.
For the only issue in Clinton
relates to the behavior of in
dividual citizens in the COM
munity. They have as much
right to stand outside the
school grounds and do a job
of peaceful picketing" as do
the members of a labor union
who try to persuade workers
not to go inside the factory
or to influence the public to
boycott the goods produced in
the factory.
If the pickets are disorderly,
they can be arrested under
State laws and prosecuted in
the State courts. Congress has
passed no new civil rights"
legislation empowering the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-06
DAVID LAWRENCE

Contrary to a widespread
impression, the Federal Gov
eminent has no legal power to
require or enforce "integra-
ton" in the public schools Of
the Nation. Any disorder out
side the schoolrooms is solely
q matter for the police power
Of the State and for State
courts.
The petition of the school
board Of Clinton, Tenn. to
Attorney General Brownell to
help enforce 'integration"
would, If needed. violate the
Constitution itself.
For the only thing the Su-
preme Court of the United
States has decided is that no
State may have on its statute
books any law that compels
segregation.
Voluntary segregation in it.
self is still legal. This has been
affirmed by a special court of
three-two judges from the
U. S. Circuit Court Of Appeals
and one district judge-in
South Carolina. This is "the
law Of the land" today. ItShas
not been reversed in any way
by the Supreme Court Of the
United States. The ruling,
which was handed down by
the three-judge court on July
Is, 1855, said:
1T (the Supreme Court has
not decided that the Federal
courts are to take over or
regulate the public schools Of
the States.
1T has not decided that the
States must mix persons of
different races in the schools
or must require them to attend
schools or must deprive them
of the right of choosing the
schools they attend.
What it has decided, and
all that it has decided, is that
a State may not deny to any
person on account of race the
right to attend any school that
1t maintains. This. under the
decision of the Supreme Court,
the State may not do directly
or indirectly; but if the
schools which it maintains are
open to children of all races,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-06
Party Seen Anguished Over Compromise
On Civil Rights Plank Without Fiqht

for it. The sincerity of their
penitence shines out in crea-
ton Of the advisory commit
tee to represent the whole
party.
1t is noteworthy that the
committee includes the two
Senators who spoke out pub
licly first, and Immediately
after the election, to deplore
the loss of Negro votes in
critical areas of the North
which they blamed upon civil
rights attitudes of the party's
Southern leadership. Both de-
manded passage of civil rights
legislation in the coming Con-
gress. They are Senators
Hubert Humphrey Of Mime
sofa and John Kennedy Of
Massachusetts, both candi-
dates for their party's vice
presidential nomination at the
national convention in Chicago
last August. Senator Kennedy,
you'll recall, got beat by a
whisker by Senator Estes
Kefauver Of Tennessee.
Senator Humphrey also
headed up the six Democratic
Senators who recently banded
together to seek a change in
Senate rules at the outset Of
the coming session to make it
possible to shut of the filibus-
tiers to which Southern SEN
ators always resort to kill civil
rights bills. The six Senators
also offered a complete legis-
lative program for the party.
On this second objective
they got backing by creation
OF the advisory committee
which is directed by the exec
utive committee Ito co-or-
dinate and advance efforts in
behalf Of Democratic programs
and principles" This directive
Is a slap at the two top South
ern leaders in Congress
Speaker Of the House Sam
Rayburn and Senate Leader
Lyndon Johnson. both from
Texas. They announced re-
Gently they would not offer q
party legislative program. In
stead. they said they would
await President Eisenhowers
program and act upon that.
leaving II 70 the party 70 ae-
eept such Of it as members
chose.
In the I'VE representatives
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-06

The very fact of creation Of
the so-called advisory commit
tee for the Democratic Party,
which includes Adlai Steven
son. former President Truman
and Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt,
among others, is most signifi-
cant. whether or not it be-
comes Just another committee
and of itself does not amount
to much.
Its creation by National
Chairman Paul NJ. Butler was
recognition of complaints after
the presidential election by
Northern and Western Demo-
Gratis against the Southern
leadership of the party. 1t
recognizes also their protests
against the inertia Of the
Southern leadership in Con-
gress which has refused to
promulgate a positive and af-
firmatiye legislative program
for the coming 85th~ Congress.
which Democrats will organize
and control.
In making up the slate Of
20 members of the advisory
committee, it is noted that
Chairman Butler gave pre-
ponderant weight to the COM
plainants and professors. That
in itself indicated the COM
pulsion the chairman felt in
carrying out instructions he
received when the executive
committee OF the national
committee met here recently.
let down its hair. and spoke
out frankly about the party's
poor showing in the presi-
Dental end Of the November s
election.
In these somewhat feverish
postelection activities We can,
observe the anguish and guilt
complex under which Demo-
cratic leaders beyond the
South are laboring. They are
scourging themselves for COM
promising with the Southern
wing Of the party and permit
ting the Southern leaders 70
shove civil rights legislation
under the rug at the last ses-
sion OF Congress and. az the
national convention. 10 put
over a mealy -mouthed civil
rights plank without even
making q real fight against IL.
They nov see how that hurt
the party in the election and
are blaming the Southerners
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-06
A Key for Suntu

LARAMIE. Wyo., Dec. 6 Up
A Laramie youngster isn't taking
a chance that Santa Claus will
get stuck in the chimney. Among
the letters in a special box fol
SantaS. mail at the Laramie
Postoffice was one which con-
tanned the usual request for toys
and the key to the front door
of his parents house.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-12-06
Press Urged to Push
Polio Vaccination Use

Secretary of Welfare Folsom challenged Nations news
media today to urge use of abundant polio with same
emphasis they used in covering the story of
Mr. Folsom said in speech prepared for National Press
Club audience:
Children are just susceptible to polio they were
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-02

Senator Price Daniels impressive
victory in the Texas Democratic guberna-
torial run-off has two interesting impli-
cations as far as Lone Star State politics
is concerned. Both offer encouragement,
although not assurances, to Republican
partisanS.
One opens the way to renewed specu-
lation that Texas may not be sure thing
In the Democratic presidential column
this fall In 1852, when Mr.. Daniel won
his Senate seat he was clearly identified
with the Democratic faction that was
opposed to the Stevenson Sparkman
ticket. In that year Texas went Repub-
lican for the first time since 1928. In
his campaign for the governorship this
summer Mr. Daniel again indicated his
reservations about Mr. Stevenson as a.
presidential candidate and he has care
fully withheld his Endorsement of the 1856
Stevenson Kefauver ticket 1t has, quite
UNDERSTANDABLE, been a campaign issue,
and Mr.. Daniels run-off opponent, Ralph
Marlborough, was helped by support from
the earlier primary contestants who clas-
sifed themselves as regular" Democrats.
While this assistance accounted for big
gain in Mr. Yarborough's popular vote
last Saturday it was significant that Mr..
Daniel likewise picked up approximately
$4,000 more votes than he had recorded
in the first primary last month.
In this connection it is pertinent to
remember the course OF certain political
events since last May. In that month,
Senator johnson and Speaker Rayburn
combined to win control of the Texas
Democratic organization and apparently
to clinch the State for the Democratic
ticket in November. During the party's
national convention fortnight ago, how
ever, the Johnson-Rayburn team suffered
a setback in their efforts to keep Senator
Kefauver Of the national ticket. Last
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-02

Carter Barron Amphitheater tomor-
row night closes its third season under
the management of the Field brothers.
1t has been a rainy summer in Rock
Greek Park, one of the rainiest, but in
spite of this more WaShingtonians and
visitors have enjoyed the most varied
entertainment program in the beautiful
bowls history. Every entertainment taste
has been served, from that for the jazz
of Louis "Satchmo" Armstrong to the
Madame Butterfly" of the Fujiwara
Opera Company of Tokyo. Between these
were the universally popular comedy OF
Danny Kaye and the artistically polished
dances of the Canadian National Ballet.
This variety is part of desirable
formal = something for everybody in a
community facility as attractive and
useful as the amphitheater named for
one of Washington'S most popular show
men. The public, the performers, the
management of the bowl and that OF
Public Buildings and Parks are to be con-
graduated. But perhaps not the weather.
man, through no fault of his own. He
may do better next year, thus quieting
the talk of providing roof for the
amphitheater, which would rob it of its
basic charm as an open-air gathering
place.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-09-02
GROWING Pains in Fairfax

The Fairfax County Civic Federation
is properly concerned with seeing to it
that the rapidly developing county is
provided with the best governmental
services obtainable. That commendable
objective has prompted the federation to
plan its own study of the present form
of government and of the public services
rendered under it, However, the feder-
alton would be wise to avoid haste in
launching such study.
There are two reasons why an imme-
date investigation of the countyS rela-
lively new county executive" system of
government would seem to be bit pre-
mature. First Of all, the system hardly
has had fair opportunity to show what
it can do for the citizens. While the new
government technically went into effect
in January of 1852, major reform, in
volving reorganization Of the Board of
Supervisors, did not become operative
until January of this year. This was
when a new board, representing realigned
districts, took control Of the county gov
eminent. Thus, the modernization OF the
government, in completed form, has had
only eight months Of real testing.
In the second place, study Of the
new government by the Bureau Of Public
Administration of the University Of vir-
GINA already has been requested by the
new regime itself. The bureau can be
expected to do thoroughgoing and OBJ
jective job. 1t is well equipped to do so
and has plenty Of experience in this
difficult field. We believe parallel study
now by the federation or any other group
might cause confusion and conflict. And
there is always the possibility that the
bureaus authoritative study will answer
all the questions which may have inspired
the federation to consider an independ-
ent inquiry.