davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-16

1882. and in 1858 another group
LOT some 80 American social
scientists told the Supreme
Court that fears based on the
assumption Of innate racial diff
Iferences in intelligence are not
wen founded" the 10 specialists
said.
These statements still stand
and IN our judgment represent
the consensus among experts who
have studied this question as
collectively and as scientifically
Jas is ct present possible" DR..
Klineberg and his associates
declared.
No Reversal Research
I'VE know Of no new research
which would reverse these con-
clusions,. they added.
The 10 specialists said chose
few specialists" who take q
different position usually do so
on two major grounds.
Regarding the first of these
grounds that Negro-white in
telligence test differences persist
even when the two groups are
"equated" for social and educa-
tional opportunities the special
lists asserted that such "equa-
ton" Is exceedingly dificult to
achieve"
I'VE do know that the intelli-
gence Quotients Of Southern
Negro children improve markedly
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-16
Court Frees Negro
In Elevator Row

BIRMINGHAM. Ala, oct. ID
R.A Negro minister was ac-
quilted yesterday Of disorderly
conduct charges placed when he
refused to get on an Office build
ing elevator reserved for Me-
groes.
'I'll enforce the law" said
Judge Ralph E. Parker, "but
there's no law that says whites
and Negroes must ride separate
elevators. I He dismissed the
charges against the Rev. r. N.
Nelson, so.
The incident occurred in the
Massey Building. which has
three eleyators-two unmarked
and one with the designation
"colored.
Tom Bentley, jr.. head porter,
testified that Mr.. Nelson got
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-16

professor. in the United States
News and World Report.
Deny Taking Sides
The statement declared DR.
Klineberg and other sieners were
not taking sides with regard to
"the problem Of desegregation
as a whole. nor with the manner
or the rapidity with which ii
should be accomplished.
They are, for the moment.
concerned only with the facts
and conclusions accepted BY
scientists with regard to racial
comparisons In Unborn intellec-
tual capacity" it said.
"A number Of years ago, at a
time when Nazi race theories
were receiving much publicity, y
the statement declared, several
scientific organizations placed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-16

achievement Of the two racial
groups as q isis for classifying
Ia advanc- any individual child,
Negro or white, is scientifically
unjustified."
DR.. Otto Klineberg Of New
York. professor Of psychology at
Columbia University and one Of
the group Of 10, said the state
nient was prepared because Of
recent public attention given to
school desegregation and COM
parative racial achievement re-
cords.
The publicity emanated main
" from testimony in the recent
" completed House hearing on
school integration in the District
and the published quotations
from research by Frank C. j..
McGurk. Villanova University
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-16
THE EVENING STAR, Washington D. G. A-ls

aboard one Of the unmarked
Elevators on the seventh floor.
Mr.. Bentley said that when
building employees tried to Get
Mr.. Nelson To rlovc to the scol-
ored" elevator. he kept repeat-
ing. main floor
Police were called and arrested
Mr.. Nelson. enrrying him to the
ground floor on the ''colorod"
elevator tnaJ ne mad refused 10
ride. Mr.. Bentley testified that
white persons ride all three
elevators.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-16

This fall, in fashion, beauty and elegance
are playing return engagement Ro-
mantle hats are feathered, furry or rib
boned. Strict lines are softened by blous-
Ing, panels, draping. The fabric Of fash
ion is soft: jerseys. crepes, chiffons !.
even tweeds grow featherlight. ALI to
bring you an exquisite "fair lady" air.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-16
Coup Denies Negroes
log intellectually

Of 10 biologists and Sccoogists today declared
there scientific ba for labelling inferior intellect
ualy to whites.
The all with leading colleges universities and
clinics said science not established relationship
intelligence and rR6
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-16
its everchanging drama is played
daily at Woodward & Lothrop
with you as audience

You probably think first Of our many glamorous
fashion shows But it's our fine daily performance
Y that means most to you. Constantly, behind the
scenes our buyers 60 to the markets from New York
70 San Francisco They see openings and visit
great fabric houses. Our fashion coordinator con-
suits with editors Of leading magazines, to bring
you the seasons important colors and prophetic
sihouettes.
The scene is set for you on our beautifully deco
rated Fashion Floor. the srd, and our 5th Floors
economical Fashion 5th Shops And in our excit-
ing new Shoe and Hat Center on the End Floor In
accessory departments on the LIST Floor, are the
bit players" that make fashions individually
yours You find fashion ION stage" every day, too,
at Woodward & Lothrop Chevy Chase, Corners
and Alexandra.
Arizona sun., 1956-01-20
Polio Isn't Licked Yet

Medical science has great victory polio virus
but the against polio itself is far from finished
for thousands Of patients who suffer from
poo crippng effects. The vaccine too late for them
and many still face long years Of expensive treotment
Thousands will be exposed to polio this year. Vic
tory will depend how quickly and effectively pre-
ventive measures be brought to BEAR
Even the scientific victory still is far from complete One
voccine has been developed 60 30 per effective
but resting that accomplishment They
are exploring possibilities which may lead other still better
voccines They seeking drugs aid those stricken
and of all they searching for knowledge OF the
disease they fight.
To cnch the victory the March Of Dimes needs your
port successful drive will provide continued and reo
SO 900 polio patients already the rolls OF the
National for nfonte Paralysis will funds
for scores of projects sponsored the National Foun
doton will hasten the doy of final victory this Grip
ping disease.
DIG deep this year for the March Of Dimes Your contr
button will 60 further do the decisive period that's
ahead. Make victory
Arizona sun., 1956-01-20
Arizono's Proposed Severance Tax

any of readers of the Arizona Sun read about the
which the Arizona Legislature IS proposing to
poss levied wealth
extracted from beneath the surface Of the soil such
OIL and natural gas. The idea behind such tox
thot this kind Of wealth belongs certain degree to all the
people Of and taken out Of the earth is tor
The recent deo but much wealth.
removed from the American soil before the first
law enacted.
The proposal in the Legislature to levy oil nouro
COS beneath the land surface in Arizona two
per but for copper and other named metals to
levy Of one-eiehth Of per cent onesxeenh
much.
Did you wonder why only one-eish Of one per cent is
proposed certain metals? WE'LL perhaps have
heard thot "PD" PhepsDodee) is powerful influence in the
Arizona legislature The mining interests have been rich and
powerful Arizona for many decades One hardly ex-
peet powerful interest willingly TO permit itself TO be taxed
very much So far oil is hardly than hope in Arizona
and being weak, it cannot resist toxoon
Some day the oil in Arizona may be rich and
powerful and feel that the people Of the stoe not part
Of the states oil deposits at eos have very in
finitesimo ownership. there oil deposits in stote
we may day thank the interests thot dictate to the egs
permitting the in 1856 levy ox non-
exont oil industry.
Arizona sun., 1956-01-20
JaveIina Season
To Open Soon

The statewide season for jaVelina
is set to open February IL and will
remain open through February 27.
Hunters are reminded that they
must have a valid 1856 javelina Ii
cense and seal in their possession
while hunting, and that the seal
must be securely locked on the ami
NAL Immediately after the kill.
Weapons legal for the taking of
iavelina are any center-fire rifle,
muzzle-loading rifles of thirty cali
Der or larger, and bows having a
pull of not less than forty pounds
and shooting an arrow with a
broadhead not less than 7/8 inch
wide.
The Tucson Mountain Game
Management Unit will be open to
BOW HUNTERS ONLY. No per-
mits other than the regular jave-
lima license and seal are required
for this hunt.
The Tribal Council Of the San
Carlos Apache Indian Reservation
has announced that the major pOr-
ton of the reservation will also
be open to javelina hunting. A spe-
cial reservation resident or nom
resident permit is required in ad-
dition to the regular state license.
Fee for the resident permit is $1.00
and for nonresident $500. ReServa-
ton permits and information rela-
tive to areas are available at the
Game aFisdn Dpe harmtvO111,S
Game and Fish Departments Phoe-
nix office.
Arizona sun., 1956-01-20
Jim Crow Bus
Bovcott Hits
Co. Pocketbook
BY Henry GitanO

JAN. 1 = A powerful boycott,
now entering its second month, is
the militant reply to Jim Crow
buses by the Negro community of
Montgomery, Ala.
This mass action to combat the
white supremacists, was Sparked
by the arrest of Rosa Parks, Ne
gro seamstress, last Dec. 2. Mrs.
Parks was seated in the front Of
a city bus while the vehicle was
completely occupied by Negroes. A
white woman entered, and the
driver ordered Mrs. Parks to give
up her seat and move to the rear.
Mrs. Parks refused to be segre-
gated. She protested that she had
been there first, paid her fare,
and had no intention of giving
up her seat. Thereupon, the driv-
er who has police power for en-
forcing segregation under Ala
bama's law, arrested Mrs. Parks.
She was fined $14.
MASS MEETING
The boycott of Jim Crow buses
by Montgomery's 10000 Negroes
started the next day. On Dec. 5.
a mass meeting was held at which
Negro leaders urged that the boy
colt be continued; a throng Of
5000 roared their approval. A
spokesman at the meeting said
"the boycott would continue until
people who ride buses are no long
Arizona sun., 1956-01-20

tory of the decoration, because
Washington's army files and rec
ords were partially destroyed dur
ing the Wjar of 1912 when the Brit
iSh set fire to our Capitol Building
in Washington, DC. However, in
1882, at the time of the 200th an
niversary of Washington birthday,
President Herbert Hoover ordered
the reinstitution of the Purple
Heart medal, the oldest of Amer
lca's military decorations. The or
der was so given and was signed
by General Douglas Macarthur,
Army Chief of Staff at that time.
The order stated that the medal
was being revised out of respect
to the memory and military
achievements" of General George
Washington.
The revived decoration has been
changed from the original perish
able cloth to a permanent one of
metal. 1t is a heart-shaped medal
with a purple center and border of
gold. 1t bears bust of Washington
and his family COat-of-Arms, and
on the reverse side is the inscrip-
ton For Military Merit" ~
Arizona sun., 1956-01-20

The entire amount taken in dur
ing this Tag Day is used locally for
hospitalized veterans, families OF
needy veterans, and welfare work.
The Military Order of the Purple
Heart consists of patriots who have
received the Purple Heart Medal,
which is the oldest military decora-
ton in the world. 1t was established
by General George Washington in
1882, and was his way of reWarding
his men in the Continental Army
for any act of meritorious service
and gallantry. The. original Purple
Heart medal was made of purple
cloth edged with narrow white lace.
The history of the origin of the
Purple Heart is very interesting
and cOIOrful. Washington chose this
heart of purple for the military
award because he likened the men
to whom it was awarded to the
purple heart Oak-a tree, which,
during the Revolution, provided the
only material known to be strong
enough to withstand the vibrations
of the gun caissOns. The wood of
this tree was purple in color.
Little is known of the early his
Arizona sun., 1956-01-20

er intimidated, embrasSed and CO.
creed"
Transit officials Dec. rejected
"first-cOme, first-served" demands
of Negro leaders. And company
attorney Jack Crenshaw rejected
suggestion that Negro drivers be
hired from routes through pre-
dOminantly Negro sections.
The boycott is estimated to be
90 to 95 per cent effective. The
Montgomery White Citizens Coun-
Gil placed ads in the local press:
make this Bus Week. Ride the
buses. Show the National City
Lines that you appreciate their
service, or else they may. not
think it worth their while to re-
new their franchise"
It was a futile effort. The bus
company has pulled 80 per cent of
lIS DuSeS OUT VI SeIVlCS anu ldtu
off IS per cent of it's drivers. Three
Quarters of Montgomery's bus rid
ers are Negroes.
With resOurcefulnesS and cOur-
age Negroes in Montgomery are
holding the fort i'm this dramatic
struggle. Car pools, Negro cab
companies taking passengers at a
dime a head, hiking, and fierce
determination to- fight discrimina-
ton are the ingredients of Mont
gomery's battle for a South with
civil rights.
Arizona sun., 1956-01-20
Purple Heart Group TO
Hold Tag Day Saturday

On Saturday, January 21st, members of The MILF
ary Order of the Purple Heart and it's Auxiliary will
be on the streets of Phoenix conducting their annual
Tag Day They will be assisted by various subdeb
from Phoenix schools and lodges.
Arizona sun., 1956-01-20

NIX OlVll Oe-
Tense Joint
!" &. ! :" 4. i I: a.
Council now oc- ~
cupies new Off
ces at Papago
Park, 2035
Nor h Sind.
Street and the ~
new phone =
number is BR-
idge 5-0461. Lo- ~
Gated about four
CITY blocks north of Mcdowell Road
the reconverted Alzona Park build
ingS provide more office space and
better facilities for all the Civil
Defense services. The buildings face
the west and overlook the entire
city of Phoenix.
Civil Defense Chief Visits San Diego
Adm. L. C. Lever returned this
week from a visit to the San Diego
city and county civil defense offices
where he discussed evacuation
plans which have been completed
by that CITY, Evacuation, once cal
led the Sixth Principle of Civil De-
fense measures, has now been
moved from that position to a First
Principle of Mass Protection in re-
lation to the new nuclear type
weapons available as well as to
large localized natural disasters.
San Diego's plans have been pre-
sented to the public in the form of
maps showing all evacuation routes
and each Of these pamphlets also
contains suggested items for food,
water and first aid supplies neces-
sary for the householder to keep
on hand for evacuation purposes.
Award Presented to Al ShrOut
Mr.. Al Shrout, zone warden and
Red Cross first aid instructor, was
presented with a commentator
award at the finish of his first ses-
sion of Red Cross first aid course
held at the new Civil Defense loca-
ton Tuesday morning, January II,
1856. Mr.. Shrout has been active as
a Civil Defense volunteer for ap-
proximately four years both in the
city of Phoenix and in the Cove
Creek area.
Arizona sun., 1956-01-20

Eght-year-od Bobby has little muscle power Polio
be supported front and
unable lift either March of Dimes funds
aids and he learning to strengthen muscles in
which
continues through 81.
Arizona sun., 1956-01-20
CIVIL
DEFENSE
NEWS
Civil Defense Offices Moved

Maricopa County & City of Phoe-
nix Civil De-
Arizona sun., 1956-01-20


f e n S e J o i n t
Council now Oc-
cupies new Off
ces at Papago
P a r k, 2 0 3 5
N or t h Sind.
Street and the
n w p h o n e
number is BR-
idge 5-O461. Lo-
Gated about four
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-04-27

said summons. Every person who
wilfully violates his written promise
to appear shall be guilty Of a VIC
lation of this ordinance which shall
be in addition to the charge upon
which he was originally su M
nlonsed
Nothing herein shall be construed
as preventing Or forbiddlng the
naming or designation OF the Treas
urer or Clerk of this County as
Agent" for the purposes set out
herein and in which case. no bond
shall be required other than their
official bond
1t is ordered by the Board Of SUI
pervisors Of Amelia County Viz
ginia. that the foregoing proposed
ordinance be published once week
for four successive weeks in The
Farmville Herald. newspaper hay
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-04-27

spending two weeks with her sister,
Mrs. Eddie Rucker.
Mrs. Virginia Robertson and chill
dren. OF Rice. visited her mother,
Mrs. Irving Adkins, Mrs. Vester
jenkins and Mrs. A. c. Mann last
Sunday.
Mrs. Eddie Rucker spent Thurs
day and Friday in Richmond with
her son-in-law and daughter. Mr.
and Mrs. Bill Goode. Mr.. and Mrs
Goode and daughters returned with
her and spent the week end.
The intermediates, G, A. and R.
A., of Sandy Creek Church. and
their counselors met at the pond of
Oscar Hamlet Saturday afternoon
and enjoyed fishing and a weiner
roast.
Miss Shirley Offers spent the week
end with her aunt. Mrs. Harvey
Borum.
Mrs. Matte Wingo and son. Rich
ard. visited Mrs. Bette Carter Sun
day.
The Deatonville Home Demon
stratiOn Club met with Mrs. Reuben
Price Thursday afternoon with sew
en- members and one visitor present.
Mrs. Price read a letter on Being
Neighborly" written by Mrs. Pattie
jackson. Mrs Albert Hillsman dis
cussed Program Planning. Mrs
Witt Borum gave the demonstration
on laundry arrangement The May
meeting will be with Mrs. Witt Bor-
UNI.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-04-27

ms general circulation in Amelia
County ard there being no news
paper published in SAID County.
that the Sheriff of this County post
a copy Of said proposed ordinance
at the front door Of tine Courthouse
At Amelia and ~ each postofflce ID
said County. tie same to be done
Immediately and said Sheriff shall
certify IN writing and under oath
that he has fully complied with the
directions and orders contained
herein; and that Section 10 Of the
1850 Code OF Virginia and as amen
ded to be fully complied with
THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS
OF AMELIA COUNTY
By: F. 3. JONES. Chairman
S. L. FARRAR. JR. Clerk
Attest S, L. FARRAR. JR Clerk
4-27-4t
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-04-27
Deatonville

Mr.. and Mrs Rodger Burton. of
Morven. visited Mrs. Minnie Car
ruthers on her birthday and brought
her a large cake.
Mr. and Mrs. Reuben Price had
as their guests the third Sunday,
Mr., and Mrs A. w Hunter and Mr..
and Mrs. John Vernon and daugh-
ter, Patty. Of Leaksville, N. c.. Mr..
and Mrs. II. NJ Lloyd. of Richmond.
Mr. and Mrs Nelson Price. of Jen-
nlngs Ordinary, Mr.. and Mrs. Hen
~ Price and family and Mrs. LII
Their Cifers.
Miss Smithey Carter visited Mrs.
Eddie Hillsman and Mrs Neha
Joyce recently.
Mr. and Mrs. Kester Tune. Of
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-04-27

South Boston. and Mr. and Mrs
Ned Bradley and girls, OF Nathalie,
spent the week end with Mr.. and
Mrs. Witt Borum w. w. Borum. of
Blackstone. Mrs Matte Wingo. of
Painville. Miss Smithey Carter and
Mr.. and Mrs. Howard Garnett visi-
ted the Borum home Sunday.
Mr. and Mrs Dawson Joyce and
family were dinner guests of Mr.
and Mrs Floyd Goodman. of Trtlx-
lilo. Sunday afternoon They all went
to The game farm in Cumberland.
Mrs John Bagby and Mrs. Eva
Sinclaire. of Richmond. visited Mn
and Mrs. Henry Nash Sunday
Mn and Mrs. Raymond Newton
and family, of Clarksville, spent the
week end with Floyd Rucker and
sisters
Mrs Lemuel Mahan returned to
her home in CreWe last week after
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-04-27

In the event that any license
plate issued under the provisions Of
this ordinance shall be lost or NUT
dated. on shall become illegibe. the
person Who Is entitled thereto shall
make immediate application for and
obtain i duplicate OF substitute
therefor upan furnishing informal
ion Of Stich fact satisfactory to the
Agent. and upon payment of fifty
cents An owner having once APP
piled for and received a duplicate
or substitute license plate, shall nor
be entitled to apply again for and
receive a duplicate o. substitute Ii
cense plate during the license year
fol which tae origAjnal license plate
was issued
No person firm OF corporation.
TO whom license plate has been
issued. as provided for in this ordi-
nance. shall give. loan. rent, sell.
assign or transfer such license
plate to another OF permit another
to use said license plate during the
license year for which said license
plate Is issued Nor shall any per-
son firm or corporation use the Ii
cense plate issued To another OF
duplicate same.
Every person VINO violates any
provision Of this ordinance shall be
guilty of a miSdemeanor and. upon
conviction thereof shall be pun
lshed by fine Of not less than
five dollars ,$3o0 nor more than
five numbered dollars. $500 00l, and
trial Of allyiolators Of this ordinance
shall be enforced by proceedings be
fore the Trial Justice Court Of Amel-
II County III the manner and with
like right Of appeal as is provided III
mlSdemeanOr cases, and the police
OF ANellC3 County the Sheriff and
his deputy or deputies are hereby
authorized and directed to issue. a
summons 10 writing ID violators of
this Ordinance for their appearance
/ before sand Court and upon The ser
/ vices Of said summons the person
I charged with the offence Shall give
his written promise to appear at
the time and place DESIGNATED in
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1956-04-27
LEGAL NOTICE
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGIN

IA.
In the Clerks Office Of the Cir
cult Court of the County of
Buckingham on the 28th day Of
March. 1856.
Jesse M. Self ................... Plaintiff
against
Bonnie L. Self, Sally S. Thorns,
John H. Self. Lottie S. Winfrey.
Julius E.. Self, Lola s. MaXey,
Kate S. Baber and Andrew l..
Self ............................ Defendants
Order of Publication
The object of this suit is parti-
ton or sell for partition the 81
acre tract of land in Slate River
District of Buckingham County
Virginia. of which Kate A. Self
died seized and for incidental re-
lief.
And an affidavit having been
made and filed that the defendant
julius f. Self is not a resident of
the State of Virginia, it is order
ed that he do appear here within
ten days after due publication
hereof. and do what may be ne
cessary to protect his interest in
this suit.
A Copy-Teste:
JOHN c. SPENCER, Clerk
n Do ryIyDICIyr ~ ~
Buckingham, Va. 4-6-4t