davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-27
WSTAS IN SCIENCE
BY THOMAS R. HENRY
Examples of Evolution in Proqress

large percentage Of flies killed
In each generation. failed to
become more resistant, On
the other hand, six different
populations. descended from
wild populations with a large
store of variability, developed
resistance.
These results lend support
to the hypothesis of natural
selection since, if individual
adaptations we're responsible,
the amount of genetic yaria-
bility in a population would
not matter. A rather para
doxical finding was the higher
concentrations were somewhat
more effective in producing
resistance in populations than
low. Paradoxical also is the
fact that inbreeding seldom
occurs in wild populations and,
If it does, its effects are apt
to be soon overridden by the
migration of individuals from
adjacent populations. There
fore. practically all natural
populations can be expected
to become more resistant II
exposed to insecticides"
No Perfect Bug Killer
These tests indicate, DR..
Merrill says. that the increased
resistance is due to the COM
bined action of many different
genes. rather than a single
dominant one. His expert
ments. he points out, make
any hope for a perfect insecti-
eide, 10 which no species will
become tolerant, quite remote.
1t is true. he admits, that
no actual new species, from
the viewpoint of the taxono-
mist. has been created by the
experiments. The resistant flies
can be considered only as new
varieties. They can mate freely
with other fruit flies and pro-
duce fertile eggs.
The work. however, has been
in progress only a short time
and a species change is a mat
ter OF many generations of
cumulative changes.
1t is customary. DR.. Merrill
says. to think of evolution as
something which went on in
the distant past with such
creatures as primeval mon
keys. mastodons and dino
saurS. Notable changes might
require millenniums. With the
fruit flies. however, the whole
process can be watched from
week to week as generation
succeeds generation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-27

were dismissed; charges which
might have branded him as a
person who sought to give
comfort to the enemy, and
sought violent overthrow of
the Government. Can you
imagine his future after con-
viction?
But what of the many poor
wretches who have not such
emotional appeal?
L. ID. Mccarthy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-27
On Pickinq q Judqe

Due to the resignation Of
Chief Judge Finis j. Garrett
Of the U. S. Court of Customs
and Patent Appeals this past
fall. the President soon will
have on his hands the appoint
ment and the Senate the con-
firmation of a judge to that
court. There has come a time,
with the completely of scien-
tific subjects. that the meas
urlng stick for appointment
should not be whether the per-
son under consideration is
member or former member of
Congress. The present judge
ship is constituted by three
former members of the House
and one formeS Assistant
Postmaster General, there be-
ing one vacancy. Not within
the writer's memory and the
years in which he has been en-
gagged in matters dealing with
patent applications, patents
and inventions. and this ap-
proximates 80 years. has any
member of the patent pro-
fession been appointed.
1t would appear that the
time has long been ripe to Sc
lect for appointment a mem
Der Of the bar who has been
engaged in patent matters and
who has practiced at some
time in recent years before the
Patent Office. For the most
part. general attorneys have
never been exposed to courses
in any of the sciences or engi-
neering branches; and that is
equally true of members Of
Congress. They would be more
at home in dealing with Gus
toms and trademark appeals,
which form the minor portion
OF the work of this court.
Patent Atf0rnev-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-27

The remarkable rapidly de-
veloped resistance of many in
sects to such poiSons as DOT
and Of bacteria to such anti
biotics as penicillin are strik-
ing examples of evolution In
progress, almost strictly &C
cording to the Darwinian hy-
pothesis.
This is the substance Of q
report to the Office of Naval
Research here by DR.. David J.
Merrill of the University Of
Minnesota.
Two theories have been pro-
pounded to explain this resist
ance. development of which
has been one of the most dis
couraging aspects of postwar
medicine and entomology. One.
DR.. Merrill says. is that the in
sect or germ has been able to
modify its physiology so that
it could tolerate the poison. or
its behavior so that it no long
err came in contact with it.
Under this hypothesis, there
would be no change in the spe-
cies. 1t would just be adapta-
ton on the part of the indi-
vidual. This often happens.
Possible Alternative
An alternative was the pos
sibility that the resistance
was due to natural selection.
Under this theory, in line with
evolution, chance genes. he
reditary units, which might
exist in a species and permit
the possessor to survive, would
increase in the population as
the susceptible bugs died. The
genetic composition of the pop
ulation thereby would change
and hence evolution. on a small
scale. would occur.
"One way to test this as
sumption" DR.. Merrill says,
was to find out whether pop
ulations with different
amounts of genetic variability
developed the same amount of
resistance. The species chosen
for study was the fruit fly.
Two inbred lines which had
been brother-sister mated for
more than 20'generations and
hence had little variability
left were exposed to DOT in
bottles which permit con-
tinuous maintenance Of a
population of flies for an IN
definite period. These popula-
tions, although exposed to
DOT for 80 months with a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-27
"GAITHERSBURG. MD.

"GA1THERSBURG, MD.
Dear Sir:
Il am as puzzled as the gen.
tleman from Alexandria, Va,
over the overnight disappear
ance Of many of the birds that
have lived with us on this one
and a half acres for the last
10 years.
"Of the IS different birds
that came here last year. about
25 are wintering residents,
living in the tangle and ever
green's and feeding at the
trays.
Around the first of Sep
TENDER. overnight the tree.
field. song and white throated
sparrows disappeared.
There has been no sign Of
nuthatches. creepers, swamp
and fox sparrows nor the quail
that made their home here.
Usually the bird traffic to
the six feeders is so heavy
that it takes four to six quarts
Of feed day.
Il believe that the extreme
ly cold weather with freezing
temperatures and bitter winds
has sent them down into the
low protected areas below the
farm. or south to a warmer CHI
mate.
Respectfully yours. L.V.S,"
Maybe a pattern will de-
velop from the reports of bird
friends.
Perhaps not.
The subject is a big one.
and a few reports do not make
a trend.
Every one who likes the
wildbirds tends to put his own
little bit of ground ahead of
every other, as no doubt he
should.
When the birds suddenly
disappear, he thinks they have
gone from every other yard,
too.
Actually. they may be no
farther away than a few
blocks.
Who can say that a bird
hasn't the right to grow tired
of certain foods?
Humans do, so why not
birds?
Few householders, once they
start bird feeding program,
vary the bird menu.
They find some place where
they can get seed and grain at
reasonable rates, and then put
this out month after month,
year after year.
We cannot believe that the
birds grow flnicky, it is true.
Living is too great a problem to
them to turn up their bills at
anything they can eat.
But suppose the bully of the
gang happens to fly a bit far
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-27
IGWU Area Project

derstand the District Commits
sioners' action in voting the
GNU area as an urban re-
newal project area. On Novem-
Der is, 1855. the Urban Re-
newal Council. a citizens ad-
visory body to the Commits
sioners voted against approx
ing the GNU area at this
time" The action of the coun-
Gil repeatedly was due to
absence of specific information
with regard to the approaches
of the latest projected Poto-
mac bridge and INDIGESTION
about breadth of the projected
inner traffic loop. 1t was felt,
I understand. that until these
problems were resolved it would
be premature to determine
boundaries Of any project area
which would involve streets
west Of Twenty-third and run
ming to the river. Notwith-
standing the action of the
council. and we hope 1t is not
a window dressing citizen
body. the Commissioners have
seen fit to override its action
and recommendation on the
apparent urging of George
Washington University off,
Gals. the Redevelopment Land
Agency and the Urban Re-
newal Co-ordinator. Col. Rob-
ert E. Mathe. Moreover, in
addition to the Urban Renewal
Councils opposition to the
project. other private property
owners of considerable stature
in the community also regis
tered their protests.
What is the case for the
GNU area being designated as
an urban renewal area? In
the first instance the projected
inner traffic loop will prevent
any further expansion Of GNU
west of Twenty-third street.
and so further expansion must
be south. But in the south
large apartments lie athwart
expansion of the university in
that direction without tremen-
dous cost and with respectable
competition from private en-
terprise for the land areas.
While expansion of the uni
versity is a desirable social end.
should it be at the expense Of
District taxpayers, who exer-
else no control over the uni
versity. it being a private in
stitution?
Moreover, If this principle for
expansion of GNU at COM
munity expense is adopted.
what shall be the answer II
American University. Catholic
University. Georgetown Uni
versity. Howard University and
others maintain the same con-
tentions? 1t must be remem-
bered that these institutions
are private corporations. de-
voted to good causes. it is true,
but private nevertheless, and
communities must move with
measured tread to condemn
the property Of its citizenry
for such uses. While the power
of eminent domain has been
of long use in our history, yet
the examples are few, If not
absent, where it has been used
to foster the expansion Of a
university.
Charles Sumner Brown,
Chairman. Housing Committee,
Federation of Civic Associa-
tions.
Editors note: Designation
of this area for urban renewal
does not necessarily mean its
future treatment as such. All
1t now means is that a plan Of
urban renewal will be pre-
pared. The plan. however,
must be approved by the Com
missioners after public hearing
before it can be put into effect,
and such questions as those
asked by Mr.. Brown must be
answered, with the answers
shown to be in the public in
terest, before 1t will be ap-
proved.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-27

The tar-of mountain. in the
red daiDn-light,
Looks watery thin, Nth
pointed double peaks,
UnSolid as some supernatural
height
That only the dreamer seeks.
And as ! match those SUBMITS.
ohoStly strange
While time is frozen in q
pulSeleSs spell.
What part is piston, What the
pinnncled range
Is more than the mind can
tell.
4 Stanton A. Coblentz
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-27
Inteqrotion

Please let me thank Belva
S. Uppercue for her letter
Segregation View" The idea
pattern is identical with mine,
Leave 1t to God"
God alone renews mems
minds. hearts and souls.
Therefore, l. too. believe that
the solution of the remaining
indignation problems should be
left to the discretion of certain
communities at this time. in
order to reduce fear, hatred
and prejudice and promote
peace, prosperity and the pur-
suit Of happiness.
4 Ada s. Butcher.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-27

time guest Of the Federal Government In
place where dining will be be much less
swank than at the Waldorf. and without
tips If convicted of tax evasion, he faces
a possible maximum prison sentence of
five years on each of the alleged mis-
calculations. Still, he wouldn't have to
worry about table reservations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-27
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used If
letters carry Uriters' correct
names datd addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
S1tion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-27

@. Is it proper to drape a
United States flag over the
hood of an automobile in a
parade?-T. T. C.
A. No. When the flag is dis
played on car. the staff must
be fixed firmly to the chassis
or clamped to the radiator
cap. Note--Mimeographed in
structions for display of the
flag as authorized by Congress
will be sent to any reader upon
request, accompanied by a
long. stamped, self-addressed
envelope. sent to this papers
Washington Information Blu
reau, 1900 I street NV, Wash
ington 5, D. c.
@. How is a natural bridge
like the one in Virginia formed
by nature?-K. F.
A. Such q bridge is often the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-01-27
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
BY THE HASKlN Sc

reader
Information
D Please rnoostaR ~ Wv '"'"'"'''"
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1956-09-29
Judge Kaufman
Schedules Talks
on Juveniles

Judge Nathan ]. Kaufman of
the Wayne County Juvenile
Court has announced that the
Church of the Master. 1861
fireman. will again be the
scene of five 90 biweekly
sessions of the Parents Pro-
gram beginning September "a.
1856 at 1880.
The Parents Program was
originated in January 1855 un.
Ger the direction Of Judge Kauf-
man. and is designed to be of
assistance to persons whose
children arc manifesting symp-
toms Of problem behavior.
film "Why We Respect Law
will be shown.
Judge Kaufman will speak
on the theme of juvenile delin-
quency, and an informal con-
ference hour will follow where
in trained counsellors will be
available to discuss individual
problems.
The Civic Committee of the
Loyal Order Of Moose will pro.
vide coffee and refreshment:
for the occasion.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1956-09-29
1000 Students
At Southern u.

It was back to school this
week for some 1000 or more
students at Southern University
in Baton Rouge. La. which IS
q Land Grant Institution new
experience its heaviest enroll
mcnt since the post wor years
Even though the institution
has increased IFS facilities and
assets over ten million dollars
since 1850 and q prorosrl for
another seven and a half mil
lion dollars during the next
biennium. the fastest possible
building program could not
maintain a commensurate pace
with the demands of the boys
and girls of Louisiana. now
going TO college.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1956-09-29
COP Aide Answers West
Newspaper or Sen. Morse

Thalia Davis Thomas. Assist
ant to Val ]. Washington. direc-
tor of m.nori:ies, Republican
National Committee, sent the
follcing letter TO the editor of
the Oregonian in reply TO an
article which appeared in the
Sunday. Sept. 9 issue.
Herman c. Plummer. Demo
Graf, politician in Portland.
attempted 10 answer a stale
menf Mrs. Thomas made about
Senator Wayne Morse when
she spoke in Portland on Sep
fember s.
Mrs. Thomas brought ou' the
fact that when Senator Morse
changed his vote from the Re-
publican TO the Democrat side
ne was respons BILE for Senator
Eas'land and eight other mani
festo signing Democrats from
the deep Southern states. be-
coming chairman of the most
important committees in the
United States Senate.
Mrs. Thomas asserted that
Senator Morse could not have
too much regard for Negroes
rights if he was wiling to sac
rifice the craftsmanship of inn
portant committees and let them
fall into the hands of southern
race baiters.
She pointed out that il took
one year and one month to get
Simon Sobeloff, former Solicitor
General, confirmed as judge OF
the Fourth Circuit Court Of APP
peals.
He was penalized by southern
Democrats because he had pre-
pared the brief for the Justice
Department as Solicitor General
in the school segregation case
which eliminated in the mNmcn-
tous decision of the Supreme
Court declaring segregated edu
cation unconstitutional.
Following is letter MS. Thorn,
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1956-09-29

San Antonio, Tex, sixth vic
president; S. N. Mckinney, Bill
ings. Mont. seventh vice presi-
dent Mrs. Anne c. Pierce, Rock
Island. H.. eighth vice pres. dent;
and Luis A. Castellum. Globe,
Arlz.. ninth vice president.
Members of the nationl audit
Ing committee:
Florence Broadwcll, r c h =
nand Va, Carl Mgill. Philadel-
rhia. Pa, and Joseph E. Webb,
Washington, d. c.
In o'her action. the conven-
ticn has voted unan mously to
maintain the present iAdepcn-
dcnce status of the National
Federation Of Federal Employ
eos. r. @ NFFE plans to conduct
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1956-09-29

as sent the Oregonian:
Editor
The Oregonian
Portland, Oregon
Dear Sir:
II has been called 10 my at
tention that Mr. Herman c.
Plummcr, a Democrat politician
in Oregon. in trying 10 answer
widely acclaimed speech !
made in Portland Oregon. on
September 9Th. said that the
tu ncoat. Senator Wayne Morse
is a great friend OF Negroes.
He tried 10 prove this by say
ing that Morse led a fight on the
Senate floor against the conlr-
nation of Senator James O.
Eastland. Democrat. Mississippi,
as chairman of the Senate Ju-
dietary Committee.
This is like Locking the
barn door after the horse has
been stolen
Senator Morse knew that the
rules Of the Senate recognize
seniority. and that each Senator
takes his Chairmanship on
length of service in the Senate.
He further knew that this rule
would prevail when he switched
his vote from the Republican
side to the Democrat side. This
gave the Democrats control of
the Senate by two votes. There
fore, they Immediately named
the various Senate committees.
The result was that nine South
crn race -baiters. with the APP
proval of Senator Morse. are now
chairmen of the nine most i'm
rortant committees Of the United
States Senate.
"All The talking tho iu-ncoat
Morse can do and all Of the
high-scunding speeches that
he might make cannot alter
the fac. that his vcte made
The following Senator'S chair
men of these important COM
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1956-09-29
nifiees:

mifiees:
James O. Eastland. Mississippi.
Judiciary Ga manifesto signing
fllibustcrcr): Richard b. Rus
sell. Georgia. Armed Services
Ca manifesto signing filibus-
icicr). Allen J Ellender, Lou
isiana. Agriculture and Forestry
ca nanfcsiio signing fillbus-
tcrcr. Olin ID. Johnson. South
Carolina. Post Office and Civil
Service Ga manilcstro signing
iilibustcrcr);
Harry f. Byrd, Virginia, FL
nance Ca manifesto Signer); Lis
ter Hill Alabama. Labor and
Pebble Welfare Ga manifesto
sipner); John j. Mcclellan, Ark
ansas, Government Operations
Ga manifesto signer); j. w. Full
bright, Arkansas. Banking and
Currency ca manifesto signer);
Walter F. George. Georgia. For
c;gn Relations Ga manifesto sign
or who is not seeking reelection
and whose place Will he taken
by Herman f Talmadge, no.
tcr.ous race-baiting Ex-Governor
Of Georgia
1T is also worth noting that
when Senator Wavpe Morse was
running on the Republican tic
kct, Mr.. Herman Plummer, who
now thinks so highly Of him, was
not one of his supporters.
"For twenty years Democrats
did nothing but doublt-talk on
Civil Rights and il seems as
though Mr.. Morse's true colors
are showing. since he has
changed parties.
ANY so-called libe. al who can
sleep in the same political bed
with the above named segrega-
ZIONIST Chairmen is living in
very. very transparent glass
house.
Sincerely,
(Mrs.) Thalia D. Thoma
Asst. 10 Mr. Washington
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1956-09-29
TEEN-TALK
Continued From Page ~

Carousel. ferris wheel. pony
elnln!uIm pauoruseI plo 'sspI
railroad and many other rides
provided thrills under bright
The $50 by 30 II. exhibit was
originality to attract greater
numbers of people from sur
rounding areas TO st. Louis. as
well as TO call attention to the
entire nation that they are q city
on the move.
Industrial e~h bits occupvine
the heart Of Mid-America Jubi-
lee grounds. showed visitors the
latest developments in science
ord industry. Some Of the larger
exhibits occupy big show places
Of thc'r rwn Othe's are housed
in exhibit buildings.
A GO foot replica OF Paris
famous Fiffel Tower rises from
the center Of Ford Motor Com
pany's exhibit as a symbol of
the French contribution to early
81 Louis history.
The unique Ford display, fea-
ured he Continental Mark III,
TRANSPORTED Mid-America Jubi-
lee visitors from the banks OF tho
Mississippi to the banks of the
Seine.
completod with quaint book
stalls. flower stalls and anthem
tic sidewall cafe. a Partisan bis
tro, a little tobacco shop. pic
turesque inn and chic Partisan
fashion salon.
The Union Electric exhibit
tured the Continental Mark II.
of electrical appliance. some
familiar. some new and strange
In keeping with the Jubilee's
theme of looking to the future
the exhibit included a colorful
display of garden and outdoor
lighting, a model of the revolu-
tionarv "heat pump" weather
conditioner that will keep homes
the same comfortable tempera-
turc year around. street lighting
diagrams and many other dis
plays.
One of the features OF the
utility company that was eye
appealing and educational was
panel that shows each stage in
the manufacture of electricity
from coal to kilowatt.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1956-09-29
Postal Employees Elect
Officers For 2 Yr. Term

LOUISVILLE, Ky Election
of officers who will lead the
National Federation of Fedora
Employees for the next two
years featured last weeks ses-
sion Of the organizations bicn-
NAL convention here.
Michael E. hardwood and
Henry C. Nolda were unani-
mouslY reelected president
and secreta, treasurer. re-
speciively. and were accorded
ovations by the delegates.
The two national o ficors. who
lead up the N. F. F. Els Ma
tional Headquarters in Wash
ington. D. c.. and were first
elected to their present offices
by tho Executive Council lagt
year. were lauded by the dele
gates for Their outs anding lead
ership and for the great pro-
greSs achieved by TIE oigan.za-
ton since taking office"
Other officers elected by the
convention were:
FAUX Owen. ATLANTA. Ga. first
vice president; John j. Royle.
Rostcn. Mass. second vice presi-
dent; S. c. Elliott. Cleveland,
Ohio. third vice president; John
]. Boyle, Los Angeles, Calf.
fourth vice president; Joseph p.
Lcary. Annapolis. Nd. fifth vice
Lawrence u. Kramer,
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1956-09-29

an intensive nationwide mem
hership campaign to bring into
the organization all eligible Fed
cral Employees.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1956-08-29

Idaho. Sada radi kao Sales
man "a Salt Lake Hardware
u Twin Falls, Idaho.
Vjencanje je obavljeno u
st. John Cathedral po Rt.
Rev. Msgr. Kennel F. Ku-
movi j kume, tie djeverovi
djeveruse bill su njihovi ro-
djaci i rodjakine, prijatelji j
prijateljice. U 2 sata poslije
podne u Basque Center pri-
redjeno je bogato jelo s pi-
Gem. Poslije veeere razvila Sc
zabava s muzikom j plesom
sve do kasno u vecer. Bio
:je prisutno oko 225 osoba.
Poslije su mladenci otisli ma
medeno putovanje u Stanley
Basin, Idaho. Odatle su sc
vratili u Twin Falls, Idaho,
gdje su sc nastanili i otpo-
cell sa svoJm pOslovlma.
U ime clanstva naseg od-
sjeka broj 693 i sviiu prija-
telja mladenaca, zelimo i'm
najbolju srecu zadovoljstvo
u njihovom bracnom zivotu,
te da budu ma ponos svojim
roditeljima i svima mama.
Sam Zupan, tajnik.