davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle., 1956-03-16
DOLLARS AND CELLS

Biological scientists are turning, more
intently than ever before, to study of that
complex and mysterious building block of
life, the cell. There is increasing belief that
the ultimate conquest of disease will depend
greatly on our knowledge of how the chemi-
cal environment of individual cells affects
their health.
The cell is a curious thing, delicate and
yet filled with the very essence of life. Some
rudimentary animals are one-celled. Others,
like man, incorporate many millions of cells
in Oewildering variety. A mans health, no
less than tiny sand feas arises from the
health and well-being of individual cells If
too many are ailing, their function impaired
by improper chemical environment then the
man or the sand flea is sick
This matter of cellular health can now be
studied intensively. Tools and techniques
developed quite recently enable scientists to
isolate and observe single living cells. They
can now make the most exacting tests of such
a.cell's health, and of how it grows and func-
tions.
The new tools and techniques were not
developed by accident, nor without great and
skillful effort. They are the result of pains
taking work, of trial and error and no little
ingenuity. More than that-and this is
where the layman comes in-they spring
from The generous expenditure of research
dollars, both government and private The
money spent on medical reseeGeh contributes
more surely than most money we spend, to
orr happiness and welfare.
Milford chronicle., 1956-03-16

world has grown stronger during
the past year, he has clearly fore
cast an Administration build-up for
increasing foreign aid
The Russians, he said, "are now
trying to devise a mutual security
program" and added: Il am sure
we can beat them at this game. II
we can't, then we ought to be a.
shamed of ourselves"
In view of the general chaos
prevailing among the free nations
after ten years of u. S. aid, per-
haps we should be ashamed of our
selves right now. And to permit
the Soviet, whose promises have al
ways been worthless, to bluff us
into further spending sprees is to
fall once again into the Communist
trap Of squandering ourselves to
death.
The foreign aid bill now before
Congress proposes that we spend
40 billions more in continuing our
laundering efforts to win friends
and influence peoples. And thanks
to Rep. Lawrence Smith (Rep.) of
Wisconsin, it is now possible for
the first time in our do-gooding
history to comprehend what that
much money means. Mr. Smith has
figured out this means $50 head
for every man, woman and child
in the u. S. He notes that Racine
/ SS,aer S,aeerE 71,193), the largest city in
his district, would be tapped for
s2,135.T90. while the 333 residents
of Rochester would contribute
SO $50.
Perhaps it's time for every COM
munity to stop and think what
foreign aid means-in terms of
local dollars and local needs. Ger
tainly it should be apparent after
ten years of lavish foreign aid that
if we impoverish ourselves in help
ing other nations. we shall get
little Dack-including sympathy.
$50
Everybody Wins
Back of the recently announced
changes in General Motors selling
agreements with its dealers is an
impressive and reassuring story of
how today's big business handles
its internal affairs Over the years,
the motor industry at large has
been widely accused of authors
tartan tactics and maintaining a
strangle-hold over the fortunes and
economic existence of its retailers.
But the revised dealer contract
recently announced by GIN Presi-
dent Harlow H. Curtice as "the
most equitable and progressive in
the. industry is. even more signifi-
eantly, the product of big business
democrats-at-work.
Milford chronicle., 1956-03-16

where else with the hope of get
ting uranium
Don't Forget Gravity
Grandpa used gravity to help reg
ulate his tall clock; later it was
used 70 develop power from fall
ing water. There are other uses for
gravity, though they are very few
at present. Yet, when we think of
the tremendous unused power Of
the ocean tides, we realize the pos
sibilities of harnessing gravity. To-
day gravity power is where steam
power was 200 years ago. Men of
that era knew steam would lift the
cover of a kettle; but no one knew
how to harness it. For details,
write the Gravity Research Foun-
dation, New Boston, N. H.
The secret of harnessing most
power is to have "aiferential"
which will enable the power to
work in opposite directions. The
great work of Watts in Harvesting
steam was to devise the reciprocal
engine, which provided a differen-
tial, permitting the steam to auto
natically enter opposite ends Of
the cylinder OF his engine. This
means that the harnessing of grav-
ity may await the discovery of
partial insulator Of gravity.-prob-
ably some new alley. As there are
millions Of different alloys which
have not set been tested. it is prob
able that rsrtial insulator of
gravity will be discovered
Remembe< ~ sSseY0Iufs0n OF The
Globe
AS you read this column. do you
realize that you are moving at the
rate Of 1000 miles per hour (The
world is approximately "a 900 miles
in circumference and the day con-
sists OF q hours.) yhis revolution
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-20

economic programs to effective at
tack is what may be called the
Marxist fallacy underlying the
thinking of many conservative peo-
pie on the role of economic change
in political development.
Crudely stated, it is held that
revolt and protest are the result OF
hunger and poverty and that re-
lieving hunger and reducing pow
erty will therefore reduce reVolu-
tionary pressures. In other words.
If we can supply the wherewithal
to feed people better, they are much
less likely to support Communist
or other extremist movements.
The implied picture of the forces
affecting social and political change
is so naive as to be vulnerable to
attack from a number of direc-
tons.
In the first place, the spirit Of
revolt does not breed easily among
people who are chemically desti-
tute. In the rigid feudal societies
which still characterize some parts
of the world those at the bottom
of the scale have for generations
accepted fatalistic view that it
is in the nature of things that they
should be poor. People do not or
ganize and conspire to promote
change when they believe change
to be inherently impossible.
These facts are well understood
by the Communists, who concen-
trate their efforts not among those
who are hopeless but among those
in whom expectations have already
been aroused.
The first and most powerful
effect of economic development
efforts is likely to be to diSlodge
convictions and habit patterns
which have in the past insured
stability. A further factor con-
tributing to unrest is the educa-
ton which accompanies economic
change. With a growing under
standing of the huge discrepancies
in rewards customary in backward
societies comes a growing aware
ness that these discrepancies are
not the inevitable result of Gods
will.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-20

Men, meeting at the Washington
City Hall. outdrew the Democrats,
316 to 283. but only Is States and
the District were represented. The
District delegation was made up of
Joseph H. Bradley and 2. Collins
Lee of Washington, Thomas P.
Coleman, c. A. Alexander and Ben
jamin S. King of Alexandria, and
William B. Magruder, George P.
Forrest and George A. Hyde of
Georgetown.
2. Collins Lee, as head of the
host delegation, was chosen chair
man pro tenn of the convention.
The National Intelligencer. the
Washington Anti-Jackson paper.
rejoiced that "our city is quite ami
mated and enlivened by the pres
ence of so large number of young
gentlemen as are now gathering
together here to the first National
Convention of Young Men ever
held in our country"
AS expected, the convention
nominated Henry Clay for Presi-
dent and John Sergeant of Penn
sylvania for Vice President. 1t also
drafted a platform in the form Of
an address to the people" of the
United States.
On the last day. May IA, the en-
tire convention adjourned to Mount
Vernon. where at the Tomb OF
George Washington, Mr.. Flagg Of
South Carolina read Washington's
Farewell Address"
The following November. jackson
was reelected President with 2l9
electoral votes to Clay's 40. Van
Buren, was elected Vice President
with 1879 votes.
The popular vote was 707.000 for
Jackson. $4,000 for Clay and 255,-
900 for William Writ OF Maryland,
the Anti-Masonic Party candidate.
Residents OF the District OF Co
lumbia took no part in the final
vote.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-20

in ways we desire simply because
we want them to. Crudely put. the
notion is that we can buy friend
ship and affection and that these
in turn will insure behavior in our
interest. Anyone who has had ex-
perience of the psychology of the
grantor- grantee relationship in pri-
vate charity or in international re-
lations will not consciously fall into
this error.
The grantees sense of dependence
commonly produces aggressive feel
ings of resentment toward the
grantor which may easily worsen
rather than improve relations be-
tween the two. If on other grounds
We determine that large-scale
assistance is in our interest, we must
expect that an incidental result will
frequently be less rather than more
spirit of cooperation and mutual
respect, even and perhaps especially
If the aid programs are successful
in achieving their detectives.
Many measures can be taken to
reduce the severity of these hostile
reactions to economic assistance,
bun they are often the precise oppo-
site of the measures likely to be
taken by an official smarting from
the hurt of these reactions or
Spurred by Congress so hurt"
Our public role as donor must be
minimiZed, not maximized: exag-
gerated credit must be given the
recipient for his own contributions:
demands for demonstrations of
alliance and agreement must be
reduced rather than increased.
Aid Adds MiIitory Strength?
A second misconception is that
the central purpose of economic aid
programs is always to strengthen
the economies of the recipient
countries to enable them in short
order to carry much larger share
Of the burden of military build-up
against Communist armed forces.
There is as we have already
recognized a good case for military
assistance to allies who, as in West
ern Europe, have real industrial
potential. This IDEA has been ex-
tended much too uncritically, how
ever, to the less developed areas.
The first trouble with it is that the
resources of most of the under
developed areas are so limited that
even with massive aid the contribu-
ton they can make to defense
against open military aggression by
the Communist nations is inevitably
going to be very small.
We must face Squarely up TO the
fact that resistance to determined
military aggression by the Soviet
bloc powers is job for the United
States with help from NATO powers
of Western Europe. The hope that
We can create and maintain such a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-20
MATTER OF PRINCIPLE
MATTER OF PRINCIPLE
Districts Voice MuffIed at 1882 Convention
BY HARRY BACAS

1t was happy novelty the other
day to see District of Columbia
residents going to the polls in their
first open - though limited pri-
mary election. but the delegates
they elected to the national con-
ventions in August will be break
ing no new ground. District dele
gates have been attending national
political conventions for more than
100 years.
In fact, delegates from the Dis
trict were on hand for the first
national nominating conventions
ever held. in 1882. Even then, how
ever, their role was bit uncertain.
At one convention that year they
were treated with honor and al
lowed to vote for the eventual los
ing candidate. At the other, they
were refused chance to cast their
ballots for the man they wanted
who went on to win anyway.
Then, as now. the country had a
popular former general in the
White House Andrew Jackson -
and the only real convention con-
test in his party was among those
who wanted to be his running mate
The opposite party. of course, was
looking for the strongest candidate
to run against him.
Delegates Selected
Early in 1882, the Mayor of
Washington, John P. Van Ness. a
jackson man. organized a Central
Hickory Club. The club in return
named Mr.. Van Ness a delegate 70
the nominating convention of the
new Democratic Party, along with
John G. Brent and Henry NJ.
Morfit.
The District Of Columbia still en-
braced the County of Alexandria
as well as the County of Wash
ington, the latter including the
town of Georgetown and Wash
1ngton City itself. Two delegates
from Alexandria were chosen to
round out the District delegation
to the convention.
The five presented themselves at
the Athenaeum Building in Balti-
more on the morning of Monday.
May 2l--l24 years ago tomorrow
ready to take part in the selection
Of Democratic vice presidential
candidate. Jackson's denomination
was so taken for granted that Or
ganizers Of this first party conven-
ton didn't bother to list It on their
agenda.
The convention drew big crowd
OF spectators and on the second day
1t was moved to the Universalist
Church a block and a half away,
which had twice as large a hall.
This was the first real national
convention, answering a popular de-
mand for more democratic meth
cd OF choosing party candidates
than the congressional caucuses
which had served until then. The
Anti-Masonic Party had held a con-
vention the preceding September
and a convention of National Re-
publican Young Men" had met in
Washington only two weeks before,
but the Democrats constituted. as
they said on the opening morning
"a greater and more general delega-
ton from the people than was ever
before assembled upon an occasion
Of this sort"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-20

II "a
United States military strength and
second by solidifying alliances with
other countries in a position to
contribute significantly to Ameri-
can strength. One of the instru-
ments to be used in this effort is
military and economic assistance to
countries with important industrial
potential, mainly the NATO powers,
designed to make that potential
militarily more effective. This is
part of our current policy and
(neeO not be discussed further.
The second priority task of our
foreign policy is to use our influence
to promote the evolution of world
in which threats to our security and
more broadly to our way of life are
less likely to arise. Success in this
task would mean the freeing of a
large volume of resources from mil
itary to more constructive uses.
More important, it would mean
freeing our society from the oppres-
sive preSsures inevitably associated
with garrison state, preSsureS
which threaten our most cherished
values.
The Components
We may summarize the compo-
nent parts of our proposals thus:
. The United States should launch
at the earliest possible moment a
long term program for sustained
economic growth in the free world.
This program would make available
to the underdeveloped areas suf-
ficient additional capital and tech
nical assistance to satisfy all likely
demands for such assistance which
meet fairly high standards of eligi-
bility based on the prospective
productivity of investment. The
levels of investment assumed would
be sufficient to make possible an
overall l per cent annual in
crease in real income per capita
for all the.underdeveloped countries
of the free world. In practice, some
would grow faster, some slower than
this rate.
. AS part of this program the
United States Government should
offer to provide a new long-term
capital fund of from $40 to $12
billion to be available for loans and
grants over a f1ve-year period to
accelerate economic growth in
underdeveloped areas. Although an
initial f1ve-year ALLEGATION is recon-
mended, the plan would look ahead
for a longer period, at least decade.
. This sum would be accompanied
by commitments from the advanced
countries to make additional loans
and grants of from So to SO billion
over the same-time period as part
of unified free world program.
. Concerted measures should be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-20
Lawyers and Judges Seek New Ways
To Speed Justice in Nations Courts

line with those obtaining in the
business world"
Attorney General Brownell put
it another way in issuing his in
vitation.
THE delay in justice. resulting
in actual hardship to many liti-
giants" he wrote. sis not a local
problem, peculiar to certain areas
or particular courts. 1t has become
matter of national concern
About So representatives of ma
tional. State and local bar groups
and judicial organizations have
accepted the invitations. They we're
told to bring along information on
how much congestion exists in their
courts, why, and what they think
can be done about it.
No formal program has been
planned. Instead, recognized au-
thorities will kickoff the general
discussion. The conference will be
asked to consider all possible solu-
tons to theft backlog problems. the
devices that have worked in some
courts and the ones that haven't.
After they have pooled their
ideas, they will consider setting up
an organization to attack the
problem of court congestion on
Nationwide scale.
Other Approaches
The Justice Department meeting
is the latest in series of develop
ments over the past two years as
the problem Of delayed justice has
become increasingly more acute.
Deputy Attorney General William
p. Rogers, believing that solutions
10 the backlog problem would soon
be forthcoming If the spotlight of
public opinion we're focused on the
courts. proposed that the Chief
Justice Of the United States adj
dress the Congress periodically on
the state OF the judiciary. His pro-
posal was widely supported, but the
Senate Judiciary Committee de-
cioed to postpone the question in
definitely Mr.. Rogers recently re-
newed the suggestion.
The Justice Department moved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-20

to get its own house in order.
United States Attorneys through
out the country were instructed to
review their pending cases to see
which could be settled to help
clear up congested docketS.
The Judicial Conference of the
United States, consisting of the
Chief Justice of the United States
and the chief justices of the II cir
cults, set UP committees to go in
TO the question OF improving court
administration.
Age Limit Proposed
Recently. the Judicial Conference
gave its tentative approval to a
resolution advanced by two of its
committees--that chief judges OF
both district and appellate courts
would stop being chief judges at
the age Of 20. This would affect
five of the IL chief judges Of the
circuits and 81 of the Sc chief
judges of district courts The theory
behind the resolution is that it
takes a younger man to administer
the courts IN the business like way
mentioned by judge Vanderbilt
The Judicial Conference also
circulated to Federal judges
throughout the country a commit
tee proposal for the judges to take
no more than a months vacation
when court business is far behind
schedule.
Some Of the Federal courts have
announced new techniques to speed
up court business and cut down
the backlog. The judges of District
Court here recently adopted two
new rules under which a judge viii
be assigned TO discuss possible set
Element OF civil cases pending trial.
Enough settlements are expected TO
come out of the plan 70 put a con-
siderable dent In the backlog
II Is more than coincidence that
tomorrow the sessions will be open
TO the press. Justice officials firmly
believe that the more the people
become aware Of the condition Of
their courts, the sooner they viii
demand speedier justice.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-20

and I wouldn't vote for no man
who didn't sign that fiasco."
In the earlier days of the cam
paign. Mr.. Debnam made much
of the manifesto" issue. but in
formed opinion now holds that this
appeal, after the first passionate
discussions around it. no longer
has much impact. Apparently, Mr..
Debnam now realizes this, for he
has turned to attacking Mr.. Cooley
on the farm issue. charging that
the Congressman has played poll
tics with the livelihood of farmers
and lost"
A few weeks ago, Mr.. Cooley him.
self was worried about the pros
poets. While his opponent was LASH
ing him to the yardarm back home,
he was held in Washington. putting
in 12-hour days on the farm bill.
Last week was the first time he
had had an opportunity for any
strenuous campaigning. But his
first few days in the district seemed
to be paying off. His campaign
workers even reported that they
had received apologize phone calls
from persons who. over the check
erboard and on street corner dis
cussions, had criticized Mr.. Cooley.
The only trouble spot remaining
for him seems to be Raleigh, the
only city in the district 1t is here
nphr1ny1l nfh &c
greatest.
Hod Rurol Following
Mr.. Debnam. whom one EDITOR
labeled "a poor mans Fulton
Lewis" was for years a radio news
commentator who became a ia
vorite with farmers. His sponsor
was a large fertilizer manufactur-
ing company. Many rural folk
sWore by him. In his campaign he
has used this medium that is SO
familiar to him. His radio CAM
paign talks, on purchased time, are
presented in newscast formal and
many of his listeners do not realize
that these are any different from
the "Debnam Views the News" pro-
grams of the past.
Practically every newspaper in
the district is supporting Mr..
Cooley.
One editor said the Congress-
man looks like a sure winner at
this point" But he added that
anything could happen on the last
day of the campaign. They Deb
nam) might bring out something
at the last minute that would not
give Cooley time enough to answer"
Two other Representative in the
North Carolina primary next Sat-
urday. Thurmond Chatham and
Charles B. Deane. also are facing
opponents who made their failure
to sign the manifesto a campaign
issue. If they-and Mr.. Cooley
are returned to Congress their VIC
tories may well serve as a warning
to Southern candidates who are
depending on the race issue this
year. 1t now seems a fact that it
is becoming more and more difficult
to get elected in the South by doing
nothing more than waving a bloody
shirt and appealing to race pas
SionS.