davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Moscow's Campaign to Win Eastern
NATO Anchor Stirs u. S. Concern

His men had courage and
determination. But they lacked
equipment and money. These
were provided by the Muscovite
vernmen without any
strings.
Russia seemed to succeed in
the role of a wolf in sleeps
clothing until 1t started its pol
icy of subversion and infiltra-
ton. This the Turks resented,
and to this day communism is
outlawed in that country. Ever
since there has been a tug of
war between the two neighbors
in which the Turks had at first
our moral support and later
our political assistance.
The close American-Turkish
friendship started in the early
'20s when our high commits
sioner to Constantinople, Ad-
miral Mark L. Bristol. ignored
the stupid pro- British instruc-
lions of the State Department
and followed a policy of friend
ship toward the new demo-
cratic country. This policy has
paid rich dividends up to the
present.
The strong policies of the
American Government in 1915.
when we threatened Russia
with the full power of the
United States in the event it
attacked Turkey, coupled with
the Truman doctrine in l947
whereby We began to provide
our ally with essential war
materials and some economic
support, further cemented that
close friendship.
There is. however, tend
ency in Washington's bureauc-
racy to take for granted most
of our loyal friends. We eS-
tranged the Arabs not only
because we were the principal
advocates of the creation of
the Israeli state. but also be-
cause we have been dilly-
dallying with our economic
assistance.
We poured billions into
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11

Moscow's campaign to de-
tach financially hard-pressed
Turkey from the Western alli-
ance is beginning to worry the
State Department.
The eastern anchor of the
NATO is more a thorn in the
side of the USSR than the
whole of Western Europe. Oil
is still one Q the most i'm
portant factors in war. and
the Russian oilfields at Baku
and GroZny are less than an
hours flight from the Turkish
air and naval bases whence
American forces can operate.
Before the Soviet Union can
engage in an aggressive war
against America it must neu-
tralize Turkey.
Since an attack on Turkey
might prove too costly, the
Russians have shifted recently
from a policy of threats to
one of good will. They hope to
take advantage of disillusion-
ment caused by our financial
and economic policies in Tur-
key which are largely reSpon-
Sible for the present crisis in
the republic. Moscow is try
ing to convince our ally that
friendship with the USSR is
the only solution to all Tur-
keys headaches. The price, as
in Western Germany, is 'neu-
trajity" in future East-WeSt
conflict.
The Russian and Turkish
Empires fought each other for
more than two centuries, but
the Communists under Lenin
helped Renal Ataturk. father
of the present republic, in his
struggle for independence.
After World War 1, Britain,
France. Italy and Greece hoped
to diSmember the Ottoman
Empire and divide it among
themselves. Renal Ataturk
raised the standard of rebel
lion against the puppet gov
eminent in Constantinople.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11

tirely from donations by Lu-
theran Church members, most OF
the food supplies, valued at S.
470.595, came from Government
donated surplus commodities.
Lutheran World Relief. sep
arately incorporated agency
serving as a material arm of the
council and other church bodies
since its organization in 1916
has shipped over LAT million
pounds of supplies valued al
more than S48.3 million to needy
peoples overseas.
Approves Budgets for sc
Council budgets of $l.075,9 1894
for 1856 and $1,l49.6l3 for 1851
were approved yesterday.
DR.. Carl E. Lundquist oil
Geneva. Switzerland, executive
secretary of Lutheran World
Federation. told the gathering
that the declarations third as
Sembly at Minneapolis next yeaI
hopes Ito make a major contri-
button to Christian unity"
This will be the first time the
federation. consisting Of 81 Luz
theran Church bodies in Is
countries having nearly so mil
lion members. will have met in
the United States.
The council brought its four
day annual meeting to a close
yesterday. Its members are the
United. Evangelical. American,
Augustana. Free, United Evan
igelical and American Evangelical
Lutheran Churches and the
Suomi Synod.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11
Political Parallel Drown From Schools
Decision and the bred Scott Case

struction. of which the South
is in such need.
The Southern attitude and
the Southern ferment have
an effect on the national
party at this time out of all
proportion to the numerical
strength of the South in the
Democratic Party. This is be-
cause the South predominates
in the party leadership in Con-
gresS and the party in Con-
gress is the party's show
window to the Nation between
elections.
Congress makes party pol
icy in the interim-and that
policy now has a Southern
coloration.
Furthermore. because of
what is happening in the
South. the party's leading
presidential candidates - two
from the North and one from
the South-find themselves in
a constant crosSfire about
their positions OH issues de-
veloping out of events in the
South.
This is the more frustrating.
both for them and for the
party. because there are no
certain answers. How any lead
er who dares say there are no
certain answers almost takes
his political life in his hands
has recently been demon
strate6 for us in the case of
Adlai Stevenson.
Nor is it helpful for the
party that its only two an
nounced candidates for the
presidential nomination-Mr.
Stevenson and Senator Ke-
fauver-have lately been rep
resented publicly as in dis
agreement over issues created
by the Southern rebellion
against the court and South
ern incidents provoked in the
course of the rebellion. Wheth-
err justified or not, this puts
them in the position of ex-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11

History repeats itself, but
never in the same way. 1t is
therefore risky to forecast SIM
liar political effects from two
Supreme Court decisions nearly
a century apart.
But. as We stand of and
take a calm look at the politi-
cal scene today and see the
disintegrating effect on the
Democratic Party of the May
II. 1854. public school desegre-
CATION decision of the Supreme
Court, it is almost reflex to
think back to the March. 1857.
decision Of the Supreme Court
in the bred Scott Case.
That decision. delivered by
a Democratic Chief Justice
from Maryland-Roger B. Ia
ney-dramatized the issue of
slavery and offered a symbol
to the fledgling Republican
Party. That party. three years
later. won its first national
election-an election in which
the Democratic Party split
asunder into three segments,
not to become a victorious ma
tional party again for % years.
Nobody would. OF course.
forecast any such catastrophe
effects upon the present Dem
ocratic Party. nor any such
long absence from power, from
the unanimous decision OF the
Supreme Court delivered by a
Republican Chief Justice from
California Earl Warren -
banning segregation in public
schools.
But, at the same time,
thoughtful Democrats are
sorely troubled about the de-
veloping situation in the
South that approaches multi
fication. That radiates in its
effects into Congress here to
split Northern and Southern
wings, and. among other re-
suits. to paralyze the party on
such a vital national issue as
Federal aid for school con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11

as some foreign power taking
away Florida.
A second item of conversation
concerns American military aid
to Pakistan. To the Indian mind
this amounts to the same thing
as a foreign power pouring mil
itary equipment into Canada or
Mexico - assuming that those
countries were unfriendly to the
United States.
The third problem centers. IN
the way American aid is given
to India. This is not to imply
that the Indian people are un-
gtateful-they are grateful and
they are needy. But to me, the
problem is a psychological one
for 1t stems from a misunder-
standing Of the Indian way OF
life.
Recently the Russians gave o
horse TO Prime Minister Nehru
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11
Big 3Ask Reds
.ToCurb Berlin
Armed GROUPS

BONN. Germany, Feb. II tP).-
The Western Big Three have
called on Russia to prevent Com
Imunist East Berlin authorities
from sponsoring armed civilian
combat groups. The Big Three
said such groups endanger peace
lin the divided city.
In similar notes handed to So
lviet Ambassador Georgi M. Push
kin yesterday. the United States,
Britain and France charged that
the Communists had used para
military groups" in demonstra-
Itions which could have the grav-
est consequences"
These activities assumed an
lominous form when some thou
sands of civilians. armed with
machine pistols and other weap-
IonS, marched through East Ber-
lin in a demonstration on Janu-
airy Is" the Western powers said.
I'VE note that this demonstra-
ition even included the participa-
Ition of young boys and girls car
trying firearms"
| The notes recalled that under
the Big Four occupation agree
Iment the general public in Berlin
lis prohibited from carrying arms.
| The United States note re-
minded Russia the Big Three I'M
dertook to guarantee the safety
of the people in their sectors
against attack from any quar-
ter"
THE United States cannot rec
ognize any waiver of responsible
Iity by the Soviet government for
acts which could lead to any such
ATTACK" the note said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11

and humanitarian spirit worthy
wide friendliness and Of equality
OF opportunity for all men," the
resolution passed by the council
declared.
The council is convinced, the
statement asserted. that 1.-THE ex-
listing legislation has serious
shortcomings. as a result OF
which neither traditional Chris
tian- humanitarianism nor en-
Ilightened self interest are ade-
lquately exhibited"
Hopes Congress Will Act
President Eisenhower request
on Wednesday that Congress
amend the immigration laws
was noted. and the council then
recorded "its appreciation to the
President for his fortnight
statement of concern. ut also
expressed support in principle
| of this action, and hopes thai
I Congress will act in line with
his purpose"
| The council, at the concluding
session today of its annual
meeting, also approved a resolu-
ton calling for clear and un-
equivocal' national policy on the
issues of colonialism.
Pointing out that our country
traditions and policies" have
been historically overwhelm-
ingly weighted against colonial
ism" the statement declared
that peoples overseas have in
tepreted recent acts as suggest
ing a change of attitude.
The voting record OF the
~. S. A. delegates to the United
Nations has been interpreted by
many, especially among the peo-
pies OF Africa and Asia, to in
dictate change in the opinion
of the people of the u. S. A
regarding colonialism.
Lauds Use of Surplus Food
/ Bernard A. Confer. executiv,
secretary of Lutheran World Re.
lief, praised the Government
release OF surplus foods to church
agencies for distribution to needy
peoples overseas.
! He also lauded Secretary o.
Agriculture Benson's recent de.
lcision to release surplus grain.
as well as surplus dairy product.
for this purpose.
/ Wheat, corn. rice and bean.
will go long way toward pro.
ividing more rounded feeding
program" Mr.. Confer explained
Milk. butter and cheese have
been important in supplying pro.
teins and fats. but the basic
cereals are needed, too
/ Lutheran World Relief las
year shipped 33.536.7l7 pound.
of relief goods valued at &c.,
946,887 to IL overseas countries
the speaker reported. This in.
Icluded 4,047.000 pounds of usec
clothing valued at $3.87l,513, 6
total of 29, 1855 1863 pounds of fooe
valued at $5.828.858 and 173,84t
pounds of medicine and miscel,
laneous supplies valued at $246,'
3l6.
While the clothing came en-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11
1N9I ANIINE DKOWN = - y
Reds BIitz Turkey With Good Will

Western Europe and Japan,
but failed to help effectively
the Egyptians, Syrians and
Jordanians. For instance, we
procrastinated on the Asawam
dam in Egypt at a time when
the political effects of such
assistance would have been
far-reaching. But We rushed
to accept Premier Nasser's
terms as soon as he began
flirting with the Reds and &C
cepted Czech submarines, jet
planes. tanks and heavy ar
tillery.
Because we did not want to
offend the French we took no
steps to help the Arabs in
North Africa obtain their in
dependence by orderly means.
Now the situation is out of
hand. thanks to our lack of
diplomatic imagination and
the shrewd Intervention Of the
Communist agents.
The Turks who are spending
more than so per cent OF their
meager means on military
preparedness have been in a
hole financially and economi-
cally for the last Is months.
They asked us for a loan of
$500 million to meet their most
urgent obligations. We sug-
gested that $50 million would
be enough. Yet we loaned the
British Labor government $3.5
billion for socialiStic expert
mentation.
The economic and financial
crisis in Turkey has now
reached a peak which threat
ems the stability of the Ankara
government. The Soviets have
chosen this moment to ap-
proach our ally with offers of
economic and financial assist
, ance on whatever terms An
kara may wish--a nominal
rate of interest and very
long period for repayment. 1t
is unlikely that the Turks will
accept the Red approaches.
But there is a possibility that
under the dire necessities of
the moment more than filter
ing thought may be given to
this offer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11
Spain Expands
PoIicePoWers

/ MADRID, Feb. ii tP.-Spain
has ordered wider police powers
for the next three months in a
move to halt student rioting
against Falange Party authority,
Gen. Francisco Franco and his
cabinet capped a day-long meet
ing yesterday with the clamp
down. The order suspends, for a
Ithree-month period, bill of rights
sections restricting police powers
in arrests and permitting free
dom of residence to citizens.
More than 20 students were in
Ijured in an attack Thursday on
provincial headquarters OF the
Falange Party. One 19-year-old,
shot through the head, was re-
ported near death.
No new disorders were reported
yesterday.
The government arrested about
$50 demonstrators, some of them
members of prominent families,
A government communicate
called the fight incidents be-
tween groups of students" 1t
said the government would use
all the force of law against those
who, directly or indirectly. have
tried to disturb the order. peace
and unity of the Spanish. :"
The Falange is the only legal
party In Spain. 1t controls stu
dents through a branch called
the Spanish University Syndicate.
Many students resent this con-
Itrol and advocate creation of a
ImonarchiSt party.
The minister of education has
suspended classes at Madrid
University for a cooling-off pc
Iriod. A new election has been
called next Monday for student
classroom officers. The official
list was defeated Wednesday and
the syndicate ruled the elections
illegal. That touched of the
outbreak.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11

ganin. Such a visit might tip
the scales in our favor. The
Indian people want us to mingle
with them, to get to know them
as people.
Let there be no mistake about
the vitality important role which
India is destined to play during
the next few years of interna-
tional adjustments. The Iron
Curtain countries are playing
their winsome game for keeps.
1t is time for us in the West to
open our eyes and realize the
potential OF India and to make
every effort to hold this great
nation in the community of free
peoples.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11

West. The Egyptians said
they would accept a 5000 mil
lion loan from the World Bank,
paving the way for 5000 million
more in direct grants from the
United States and Britain.
Egypt will pay the rest of the
estimated $l.3 billion COST
The Moscow atomic energy
pact with Egypt capped a series
of conciliatory moves toward
mid-Eastern nations.
Last Sunday Premier Bulganin
offered economic cooperation to
Pakistan. a country it previously
had rebuffed.
Two days later the Soviet gov
through its official
Pravda, called for re-
sumption of friendly relations
with Turkey.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11
Moscow Rudio Marks
.Soviet-U. S. Form Visit

LONDON. Feb. IL R.-
Moscow radio today broadcast
good wishes to the people of
IDes Moines, Iowa. and suggested
more cornfield meetings between
Russian and American farmers.
The broadcast marked the
first anniversary of an article
in the Des Moines register which
resulted in such exchange visits
last summer
The talks between United
States and Soviet farmers. Mos
COW radio said, did as much to
improve Russian American rela-
tons AS last years Summit Con-
ference in Geneva.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11

The daily newspapers carried a
picture of the horse on the
front pages. Hidden away on
tine back pages was thin no
tice that a shipload Of grain
had been given by the United
States. Or. again. recently the
Soviets gave Mr.. Nehrp a fine
modern twin-engine plane. 1t
is the talk of India. Yet hardly
noticed the other day, on page
80 of the morning paper, was a
story announcing $50 million in
economic aid from the United
States.
"Showmanship" marks the
American way in every field ex-
cept that of international rela-
lions. I believe we are making
a grave mistake here. / would
Suggest that the United States
give Mr.. Nehru one of our mod
ern streamlined, air conditioned
itrains-or a new Cadillac, pure
white, as a token of his efforts
toward world peace. Gifts of
this sort would do more to
demonstrate the friendliness OF
the Americans than all the mil
lions of dollars given in eco
nomic aid.
| Perhaps this is not the modest
American way--but We may have
to come to it.
Peace Loving People
The Indian people are es-
sentially a kindly. peace loving
people. They are intensely re-
1 ligious, even though only a small
percentage are Christian. They
are extremely sensitive and re-
act unfavorably to an approach
which is untactful or brusque.
/ Everyone with whom / have
spoken has agreed that one of
the finest gestures which the
United States could possibly
make would be for President
Eisenhower to visit India per-
sonally. There is no doubt in my
mind but that he would make
the greatest impact upon India
that any individual of our day
could possibly make. He could
have twice the reception &C
corded Khrushchev and Bull
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11
Princeton Singers

The Princeton IN. j. Semi
nary Choir will sing at two
Washington area churches to-
morrow. The group will appear
at the $50 and II am. services
of the Sixth Presbyterian
Church, Sixteenth and Kennedy
streets NV, and at $3.50 pm.
in the Green Valley Presbyterian
Church. 5000 Dixon street, Hill
crest Heights, Md.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11
Scientist Lack
Held Big Crisis

OTTAWA. Feb. II [P).-Bri-
tain's chief defense scientist says
the Vests most serious problem
is the shortage of trained scien-
fists to keep up with the develop
ments of hydrogen and rocket
weapons. The chief fault. he
said, is that scientific teachers
are underpaid.
Sir Frederick Brundrett, head
of Britain's Defense Research
Policy Committee. said the West
would have to face up to the
problem because they're doing
something about 1t in Russia"
Increasing demands for scien-
lists in industry is making the
problem most acute in Canada.
he said. and the situation will
get worse before it improves.
The question of payment. he
commended in an interview, is
a Government problem.
Sir Frederick. who heads the
British delegation to the Com
monwealth Advisory Committee
on Defense Science now meet
ing here, also said Britain is
working on a medium, l,500-mile
range ballistic missile which may
be given an atomic warhead. 1t
also is working on air-to-air and
ground-to-air missiles. he said.
He gave his opinion that 10
powerful nuclear bombs eX-
ploded simultaneously on stra-
tegic placement could prevent
the use of Britain as an effective
base for some time, But
he stressed a belief that such
weapons should not induce pes
Simism because adequate de-
Tense always has been developed
for every new weapon.
Sir Frederick said he never
heard more rubbish to the square
inch" than talk Of the grim eff
fects on human beings OF radio
active fallout from nuclear bomb
tests. Such talk is grossly ex-
aggerated, he said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11
THOMAS [. STOKES
Growing Rift in Democratic Party

plotting the issues for political
advantage-and the issues are
too serious to become mere
pawns in battle for presi-
Dental nomination.
Economic issues provided the
foundation upon which the
Democratic Party has. since
the beginning of the Roosevelt
regime in 1888. built itself into
a truly national party in which.
for most of the l2-year Roose-
welt era. the South was Subor-
dinated. When President Tru-
man boldly and courageously
sought to move the party for
ward in the field of civil rights.
then the South raised its voice
angrily again and caught the
spotlight. -Four Southern States
deserted President Truman in
the l948 election. and the
detection persisted in the 1852
election.
Because Of the Supreme
Court antiSegregation deci-
sion. the civil rights issue has
become predominant in the
Democratic Party. It may be-
come the issue upon which the
party will be chiefly judged,
and therefore is the issue for
which the party must find
some answer if it is to hold
public confidence.
How can il be otherwise
when, in the South today,
there occurs such shameful
spectacle as the hoodlumism
in Tuscaloosa. Ala, when a
young Negro woman exercises
her right to go to school at
the University of Alabama as
the Supreme Court says she
has every right to do?
Can the mobs that pursued
her, those shrieking hooligans.
be the legendary Southern
gentlemen" of whom we have
heard?
The South is likely to find
itself made to answer for
Autherine Lucy, as it had to
answer 100 years ago for bred
Scott.
Which also means, as ii did
a century ago, the Democratic
Party.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11

we seem to misunderstood each
other in the realm of interna-
tional affairs?
The Indian people are the
friendliest. most hospitable and
most courteous people I have
ever met. I have not heard one
unfriendly word, nor seen one
unfriendly look or gesture during
this entire trip.
Since Americans as individuals
get along so well with Indians as
individuals, then it should be true
that America as a nation should
get along well with India as
nation.
Three Sensitive Topics
There are at least three major
topics which eventually entered
into every conversation ! had
with my Indian friends. The
first is the problem of Goa. India
cannot understand why the
United States. having thrown of
colonialism itself ITS years ago,
should apparently support the
concept of colonialism against
the Inoian nation. In the In
dian mind the taking away Of
Goa amounts TO about the same
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11
.Lutherons Praise Call
To Ease Immigrant Curb
BY CASPER NAMES
Star Stah Correspondent

MINNEAPOLIS, MINI. Feb ll.-Presdent Eisenhower was
Lutheran Council yesterday Tor asking
Congress to lberaze the present immigration law.
Lutheran Council has consistently voiced It's
concern for the exhibition legislation OF just
of Americas concepts Of world
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-02-11
Graham Suggests U. S.
Give Nehru White Auto
BY BILLY GRAHAM
Written for the Associated Press

CALCUTTA, India. Feb. IL
Any attempt to analyze ones i'm
pressions of India and the Indian
people after spending any length
of time in this country brings
you almost abruptly to this ques-
ton:
Whats wrong with American
and Indian relations? Why do
Evangelist Billy Grohom hos just COM
pIeted tour Of lndia during which
he spoke TO more thon million peo-
pie. He wrote this article shortly be-
fore his departure for Thoilond ond
the Philippines.