davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1956-02-03
BY SAUL CARSON

(JTA Correspondent at the U. NJ
Copyright. 1856. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 1nc)
49,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
DORIS FLEEsON
Chotiner, Nixon's Campaign Manager,
Makes Telling Debut at Inquiry

Between White House calls
on behalf of his clients and a
Justice Department memoran-
dun directing Justice lawyers
to exercise care in dealing with
him, Murray Chotiner has
made a telling debut on the
Senate investigative scene.
Chotiner is the criminal
lawyer and public relations
expert who has managed all of
Vice President Nixon's cam
paigns. including the contro-
verSial Nixon tour in the 1854
congressional contests. Re-
Gently Chotiner has been con-
Quoting G. o. P. education
tours over the country.
Chotiner admitted the White
House calls. He said they were
not about politics but for
clients. He defended their
propriety and said he had never
used the Vice Presidents name.
The White House aides who
obliged him were Maxwell
Rabb, who is Secretary of the
Cabinet and in charge of
minority problems, and
Charles F. Willis, jr., a for
mer patronage assistant now
back in private business.
Chotiner testified he had
never heard of the Justice De-
partment's take care" memo
randum, and Chairman Nc
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
DOROTHY THOMPSON
3 New Power Castles in Russia

These, in fact, run the Soviet
Union.
They cannot be dispensed
with or the country would go
to pot. According to Nikita
Khrushchev, not so per cent
OF them are members of the
party. One should not assume
that they are hostile to it or
to the state; they are politi-
cally Indifferent, concerned
with organlzational and opera
tional problems within their
own domains. They know that
bottlenecks, shortages of labor
and material, breakdowns in
distribution and competition
for funds cannot be solved by
the dialectics of Lenin, Stain
or anybody else. And without
the terrifying Omniscience,
they are bound to make them
selves increasingly heard.
Such suggestions as these
come from no special inside
knowledge, but from analysis
on broad lines, with reference
to the historical experience Of
other states having a revolu-
tionary genesis.
In the case of the Soviets,
further factors complicate the
problem Of authority. We hope
also to consider these.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04

Clellan did not elaborate on it.
Subcommittee sources said
later that Justice had admit
ted the memorandum's exist
ence, but refused to give the
Senators a copy Of it. Their
understanding is that it was
issued in 1853 and signed by
either Attorney General Brow
nell or Deputy Attorney Gen.
eral Rogers. Mcclellan will
renew his efforts to get it for
the record.
White House calls are a
staple of Senate Investigations
and justly so, such is the power
of the presidency.
One who picks up the tele-
phone and hears the magic
words "The White House call
ing" may feel pleased. happy
and important. He also under
stands, if he has a trace of
political sophistication, that a
small or large piece Of the
greatest single political influ-
ence on earth is being brought
to bear on him.
Chotiner made a good wit
ness. He was thoroughly COM
posed, and his answers we're
clear. His criminal law prac-
tice, not his politics, brought
him before the committee.
Chotiner has represented
various clothing manufactur-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
EIectioneering Banned
For Police Monday

BALTIMORE. May 4 (R.-
Baltimore policemen were told
yesterday to keep out Of any
political discussions on Monday,
primary election day.
Police Commissioner James M.
Hepbron issued the order for all
members Of the force to abstain
from electioneering, engaging in
political discussions with the
public. or voting interest in any
political candidate or measure
being voted upon.
The commissioner added that
mo excuse will be accepted"
for violation Of the order.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
DORIS FLEESON
Senators Question a LAWYER

ers who are under investiga-
iton for corruption and brib-
cry in military procurement.
One, Herman Kravitz, has
been recently convicted of
theft Of Government-owned
furs. A Kravitz associate, w. A.
Parzow, who followed Chot-
liner to the stand, was con-
victed of jury fixing in 194l.
A third, Marco Reginelli, was
described by Committee Coun-
sci Robert Kennedy as one of
the top hoodlums of the Phil
adelphia-New Jersey area.
Kennedy said Reginelli had
been arrested Is times, con-
victed five or six times and in
volved in at least three MUIR
ders. Citizenship and deporta-
ton proceedings are pending
against him.
Those seen on the witness
stand so far are the usual run
Of unappetizing characters and
they are setting up new rec
ords for the number of times
they plead the privilege
against Standardization.
Chotiner fatty denied using
influence on their behalf in
any way or shape or form.
The Senators - fellow politi-
clans and, all but one, fellow
lawyers - were superpolite to
the Vice Presidents associate
and repeatedly assured him he
was we'll within his rights in
his practice and his testimony.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
Soviet Story
On Kutyn Hit
BY the Associated Press

Representative Madden, Re-
publican of Indiana, yesterday
asked that the Red Polish gov
eminent be given congressional
findings that Soviet Russia was
to blame for the Katyn Forest
massacre.
1--WE are now learning" he
said, that the present leaders
of the Kremlin are trying to
place the guilt Of the massacre.
and the murder Of millions Of
Polish people, on the shoulders
Of the dead Stain"
Mr.. Madden, in q House speech
quoted an April rs Associated
Press story from New York. The
story said report has seeped
out from behind the Iron Curtain
that the Warsaw government is
investigating the mass murder
in 1910 of 1000 Polish officers.
Katyn Forest, where the killings
occurred. is in Western Russia
near Smolensk.
The A. P. story added that
analysts Of Soviet bloc happen
lngs doubt the report can be true,
although Polish Communists
have been going further in de-
nouncing Stain and all his works
than other Soviet satellites.
Mr.. Madden and Representa-
tive Machrowicz, Democrat Of
Michigan, another member Of
the committee, offered a resolu-
ton under which the House
would ask the State department.
to send the four printed volumes
OF the committee hearings and
testimony to both the Polish
government and the United Ma
tons General Assembly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
Army Officers, Form-Industry Managers
And Scientists Assuming Bigger Role

cratic centralism") is the rule.
A minority within the party
must yield to the majority, and
cannot continue, though de-
feated. openly to defend its
minority position.
Yet it seems clear that mi
norities continue secretly to
hold opposition opinions. The
suppression of the "Titoists"
did not wipe them all out.
One should not assume that
the present Russian leaders
changed their minds about
Tito overnight. 1t is more likely
that they were sympathetic
to Tito'S ideas all along.
Thus, the system of demo-
cratic centralism," under a
strong and ruthless regime, in
sures docility. But 1t does not
assure consent. Can the new
rulers command sufficient con-
sent to avoid factionalism? If
not, how much ruthless power
must they yield to maintain
docility?
Fanaticism. the strong ce-
ment of revolutions, gradually
seeps out of all revolutionary
movements when they have
assumed the responsibilities Of
victory. Revolutions to over
throw an established order are
inspired by faith in an infal-
lible doctrine that blinds their
followers to all difficulties. In
power, they face the same
problems that perplexed their
predecessors, together with
new ones of their own creation.
Revolutions and great wars are
thus always followed by peri
DDS of establishment. To re-
Juvenile the cell structure Of
a spent revolution has never
been possible.
Power then tends to pass
from the revolutionary politi-
clans to new castles. In Russia,
and apart from the party sec
retariats. three have emerged:
The officers corps Of the
army: the largest managerial
caste Of the directors Of indus
trial and agricultural enter
prises: and that Of cultural,
scientific and chronological ex-
perts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
CLEARING the Picture on Air Power

aren't building their ''Bisons"
that rapidly, and maybe in a
year or so this kind Of plane
will be considered obsolete by
them. They have made only
100 thus far and the United
States has produced Is B-52s,
according to testimony re-
leased by the Senate commit
tee. How many ''Bisons" have
proved satisfactory to the Rus
slams is unknown, but only Al
B-52s have been accepted by
the United States Air Force.
Much has been made in the
press about the slow progress
in this country in building
B-52s. The inference is that
America doesn't have any other
bombers to use in the mean
time. Actually, the Bats are
available in large quantity.
These do not have as long a
range as the B-52s, but they
were designed to do the job of
bombing in the short ranges
from our overseas bases. If,
however, our overseas bases are
vulnerable or not likely to be
available due to "neutralism,"
then more B-52s are needed.
and so are more aircraft car
riers. The Navy, incidentally,
has the ABB" which is the
same type Of plane as the Bat,
and has just been ordered to
build more of them. This is for
action overseas, too.
In other words, if it's to be
an intercontinental war to-
morrow, then neither Russia
nor the United States is ade-
quately prepared. If it's to be
a war from overseas bases and
from mobile bases like the
Nays aircraft carriers, then
America is in relatively good
shape and could win.
The Congress has provided
the money for tomorrow's war.
What must it do about a war
in 1860? That's the real uues-
ton. This type of plan never
has been finally decided by
military testimony in Congress
but by the calculated risks
taken by the men actually in
charge Of our armed services
and they are not protesting.
They are agreed and will tes-
tify in support of the present
budget and program.
Reproduction Rights Reseryed)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Tendency to Forget Past Crimes Seen
In Trend to Admit Red China to u. N.

Ambassador wellington Koo,
the distinguished career diplo-
mat who has held UP the flag
of Nationalist China for so
many years in Washington, has
paid his last official calls at the
State Department.
He is said to have left the
department with the distinct
impression that not only will
Chang Kai-shek have to bury
whatever slim hopes he may
have entertained Of returning
to the mainland, but also that
it is highly doubtful Formosa
will remain much longer as the
beacon of the oppressed Chi
nese people,
There are as many ways to
tell an ambassador in yelled
words and by innuendoes that
his country's goose is cooked
as there are to skin a cat.
The United States, Of course,
does not intend to renege on its
diplomatic and military COM
mitments to the Nationalist
government. We have a formal
treaty and the Eisenhower
administration would be the
last to reconsider it.
But it is pointed out diplo-
matically that world condi-
lions have changed in the last
two years and there is an ir-
resistible force in the United
Nations--the supreme body on
international policies-to over
look the crimes of the Peiping
government and take that
country to its bosom.
The vast majority Of the
U. N. members who Joined us
in 1850 to repel aggression suf-
fered relatively little loss from
the bloody Korean war insti-
gated by Moscow and fought
to a diplomatic victory by the
Chinese Communists. America
bore the main brunt of the
losses: more than $4,000 cas-
ualties and upward of $16 bill
lion in cash. But the feelings
of the United States and its
opposition to bringing Com
munist China into the ranks
of civilized and law-abiding
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
Both u. S. and Russia Have Few B-52s,
But Our Bat Force Is Termed Strong

Quarles-the Secretary Of Air
Force who won widespread
fame in scientific circles for
his record in research and
development, especially in
guided missiles-and the other
Air Force officers in the top
commands either agree with
the Senate investigators and
are being muzzled or that
they have faith in their own
concepts and judgments in
support of the air policy now
in effect.
The issue, however, cannot
be simplif1ed that way. The
fact is that for a war that
has to be fought tomorrow
as Gen. LeMay, head of the
Strategic Air Command Of the
Air Force, has testifled-the
United States is superior to
any enemy that might attack.
AS for the war that might
have to be fought in 1860,
there is a wide difference Of
opinion among military men.
Who knows exactly, for in
stance, what the enemy will
do between now and then?
Who knows the capabilities
of the Russian air force today,
even though it has a certain
number of planes Of a par
ticular range or fighting
capacity? Who can accurately
assess those capabilities, and
how many among our own
military people would agree
on a speculative appraisal of
Russian capacity and the
ability of her pilots in action?
Mere numbers do not tell
the. story at all, nor does the
fact that one kind Of plane is
being built by the Russians
for their purposes necessarily
mean that America must
match what the Russians are
building. Each country has a
different military problem. AS
one military expert put tiff
the Russians have determined
to build 1000 "Bisons," which
is their equivalent Of Ameri-
cas- B-52, an intercontinental
long-range bomber, it would
mean that war could be ex-
pected very soon. The Russians
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

The Pentagon are getting heavy
bomber wings than Ballad of the Eisenhower teams
defense policy: Coming in a wing and prayer.
The Democratic will adopt civil rights plat
form that champions toerance-evrybody will be entitled to
his opinion to what it means.
Ike will make foreign-polcy speech in Texas May rs.
This will be hgh-evel stu-ying to keep his Texas
majority up above 10000 votes.
Democrats promise that their candidate will be much
alert Eisenhower First to attack first to draw blood
and first to concede.
The higher price supports for farmers who
grow This the man-river farm He don't
plant 'taters he don't grow cotton.
Secretary Weeks business is "spotty In
spots anybody get job In other spots you see
fellow working you Democrat running for Office
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
Bitter Pill Policy: Lets Be Reo|ists'

years: the latter still recog.
nizes the Nationalist regime.
Both are now on record -
favoring Peiping.
The Senate was strongly
opposed in the past to the
admission Of the Peoples
Republic" either in the Cen
eral Assembly where the ma
jority rules or in the Security
Council where we can exercise
the veto. When In 1854 the
wind was blowing strongly
toward admission of the Com
munists. a number Of leading
Senators of both parties told
President Eisenhower that in
the event the General Assem-
bly, made such a move the
Appropriations Com mittee
would cut off all funds for
further American participa-
ton in that organization.
There were more than sum-
cient votes in the Senate for
that purpose. Mr.. Eisenhower
convinced the Senators not to
use such drastic measures and
assured them that the admin
istration had mustered sutfi-
cient support from other ma
tions to defeat any attempt to
bring that officially "con-
demned" country into the So
ciety of so-called loving
nations.
Things have changed great
ly since. The Russian smiles
have affected most of the men,
bers of the world organization.
The trend toward the proposed
Soviet coexistence and an ILL
disguised peace at any price"
on the part of the allies is
making big strides. There is q
tendency on the part Of lead
ers of the free world to forget
past crimes in the hope that
there will be no similar out
RACES in the future. The pres
ent diplomatic slogan is Let's
be realiSts." And this involves
realism" toward the Chinese
Communists. Their recent bru-
talities to American prisoners
are for diplomatic reasons"
kept hidden from the Ameri-
can public by the State Depart
ment lest the prospective rap
prochement with Peiping may
be disturbed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
Study Sought
|On Baltimore


The Greater Baltimore Com
mittee asked the Civil Aeronau-I
tics Board yesterday to investi-
gate the adequacy Of scheduled
airline service at Baltimore.
The committee said Baltimore
air service is grossly inadequate
and has resulted in a gross I'M
acknowledgement Of Baltimore'S
air traffic potential"
The committee identified itself,
in its petition, as a nonprof1t
corporation Of 100 Baltimore
citizens, dedicated to promote the
commercial, economic and cul-
tural aspects of Baltimore.
The petition pointed out that
the 1850 census shows Baltimore
as being the Nations sixth largest
city and 18th largest metropoli-
tan area. Nevertheless, it said:
/. In air traffic development,
Baltimore ranks with Rochester
and Syracuse, N. Y, and Nash
vile and Memphis, Tenn, cities
only one-third or one-fourth as
large. This is due to poor air
service"
2. In 1855, Baltimore was 46th
among the cities in air carrier
movements-airline landings and
takeoffs. and had less air serv-
ice than such smaller cities as
Memphis, Nashville, Richmond,
Birmingham, Ala; Charlotte,
N. c.: Charleston, w. Va; Albu-
querque, N. Mex; Columbus,
Ohio; Fort Worth, Tex, and
Shreveport, La.
8. The situation at Baltimore
is "deteriorating." In 1913, the
city was 21st in rank in airline
movements; in 1850. 18th; in
1858, seth; in 1855, 46th.
The committee said Baltimore
also suffered from a lack of four
engine airline service as COM
pared with twin-engine aircraft,
and a scarcity Of available flight
schedules and Of coach and all
cargo services.
It noted that the CAB re-
Gently started an investigation
as to the adequacy of airline
service at Fort Worth, even
though that smaller city has
vastly superior air service"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04
DAVID LAWRENCE

The American people are
likely to get confused as a
result of some of the testi-
mony they will hear and some
that they have already read
about Americas air power
versus chat of the Russians.
A man with the military ex-
perience of President Eisen-
hover isn't likely to let his
own country down and allow
it to be unprepared for sud-
den war.
Then why all the fuss in
Congress and the special in
quiry undertaken by the
Senate Armed Services Com
mittee as a result of prodding
by Senator Symington, Demo-
crat of Missouri?
1t would be easy enough to
disparage this effort by de-
scribing it as just a means Of
getting the limelight on the
Missouri Senator's supposed
ambition to win the Demo-
cratic presidential nomination.
But the controversy has deep
er roots. Symington was Secre-
tary of the Air Force under
the Truman administration.
He has many reliable sources
of information about Ameri-
cas- air strength, and hence
about the enemy's power, too.
Naturally 1t would be a feather
in the Senator's cap if he
could get national attention at
a time when Senator Kefauver
and Adlai Stevenson are in the
limelight. 1t is, of course, not
wholesome to see Americas
air-power secrets spilled over
the front pages-as this is
bound to benefit the enemy
just to advance the fortunes
of a candidate or a political
party.
But those who are pressing
the investigation deny any
such purpose and insist it is
really patriotic to bring out
the facts because only in that
way can the remedial steps
be taken that, they are con-
WINGED. ought to be taken.
This theory assumes, on the
other hand, that Gen. Twin
ing, chief of the United
States Air Force; Donald
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04

The question of how strong
the Soviet government is in
ternally since the death of
Stain is still a primary ques-
ton of world politics, involving
the question Of where the real
power in the Soviet Union now
resides.
Theoretically, it resides in
the Communist Party. But
under Stain, and even under
Lenin, the party was not the
source Of authority, flowing
from the base upward. but the
instrument of authority flow
ing from the top down. The
Soviet state was based, ini-
TALLY, on the seizure of power
by extraordinarily few men.
The Communist Party was
their creation. 1t did not al
ready exist among 1.-The broad
masses" and was a small
minority in the underground
revolutionary movements.
The Communist Party, thus
created, performed the func-
lions of an authoritarian
church, PROSECUTING converts
and members. and protecting
the true faith" as interpreted
from on high; and Of an adj
ministrative apparatus to carry
out the practical edicts Of the
Kremlin rulers.
In the years Of Soviet rule,
it has grown vastly until now
it numbers something over 7
million, still a small minority
Of the population, but the only
political organization that
exists on a fairly broad level.
Apparently the successors Of
Omniscience wish to vitalize
this party by encouraging
frank discussion within it. But
how far can they lift the lid,
without having the whole Of
Marxist dogma come under re-
view? Even a little freedom
holds explosive potentials. The
Soviet press reveals awareness
Of this.
Factionalism menaces politi-
cal parties everywhere. But in
Russia, where neither the
party, nor factions within 1t,
can appeal for external sup
port, unified consent Cdemo-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04

nations are subject these days
to the will of the majority of
the members of the family of
nations.
Our policy-makers, who still
strongly oppose the impending
move to take Communist
China into the U. NJ, say we
no longer have the votes to
prevent such a fragrant disre-
gard of the Charter.
The decision to liquidate the
irksome Chinese problem be-
came evident with the an
nouncement from U. N. head
quarters in New York that the
next session of the General
Assembly will open after the
American presidential elections
instead of in mid-September.
The official explanation is that
some of the American. repre-
sentatives might not be able to
attend because they would be
busy campaigning. Actually,
the British, French and Soviet
delegations intend to press this
year for a vote on admission
of Peiping to the Assembly.
In view of past utterances
that unless Communist China
cleared herself of the censure
voted by the U. N. five years
ago and shows definitely that
she has become a peace-loving
country we would strongly re-
sist her admission, the Repub-
lican Party might be placed in
an unpleasant spot if China
were cleared before the ballots
are counted in November.
An unofficial survey shows
that votes in favor of admitting
Communist China are about
3 to l.
In days gone by. a number
of countries which have wished
to win the favor of the USSR
and the Arab Indian bloc by
voting for Peiping were dis
couraged from doing so by the
fear that under such condi-
tions the United States might
quit the U. N. Among these
were Britain and France. The
former has recognized Commu-
mist China for more than six
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-05-04

The children's orchestra OF
Arlington's Recreation Depart
ment will give a concert at $3.50
pm. today at darlington Ele-
mentary School, 1908 South
Stafford street.