davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1956-03-25

Electrical Workers
End l56-Doy Strike
At Westinghouse

For the families of $4,000 Strik-
ing employees of Westinghouse Elec-
trio Corp, Thanksgiving had been
lean and Christmas had been dreary.
The strike, which began last Oc-
tober II and lasted for 1856 days,
was bitter. often punctuated by
violence. It cost Westinghouse and
members of the International Un-
ion Of Electrical Workers hundreds
of millions Of dollars in lost wages
and business.
On Wednesday, the unions ne
gotiators accepted q plan offered
by Federal labor mediators and
trooped happily back into the big
Westinghouse plants at Columbus
and Mansfield, Ohio; East Pitts
burgh and Sharon, Pa. and several
smaller plants in the North and
East.
Both management and labor
claimed victory. Management had
q five-year contract and freedom
to shift pay and work systems to
meet changing conditions In the
fast growing electrical industry.
The new contract gives workers
annual pay raises Of from 8 to "a
cents an hour above their pre-
strike average Of $2.10. an addi-
tional 12-cent raise for certain
skilled workers, and improved pen
sion and insurance benefits.
Still out were 10000 members Of
the independent United Electrical
Workers, but q settlement was ex-
pected soon along the lines Of the
Tue contract.
Evening star., 1956-03-25
Foreign Aid

While the Soviet leaders were
orchestrating their new serenades
for the uncommitted and poten-
italy neutral countries, the United
States began its annual campaign
to get the reluctant spenders on
Capitol Hill to back foreign aid. It
is this program which must meet
the new Soviet challenge, and
which, incidentally, the Moscow
leadership has f1attered so sincerely
by initiating.
On Monday President Eisenhower
sent to Congress his request for a
1857 fiscal year appropriation Of
$40 billion. More than half of it
would go for direct military aid for
our allies or for defense support" 4"
that is, indirect subsidy for their
own military establishments. Half
a billion would go into a moderni-
zation program for our allies, pro-
viding better air defense and COM
munications systems. For the first
time the President proposed passing
out missiles, presumably the Army's
Nike anti-aircraft type, which can
deal with Soviet supersonic bomb
ers at close range.
Broadly speaking, 1t was mark
time foreign aid budget, waiting to
see how much action follows the
wordy Soviet entry into the COM
petition. Last week Soviet Deputy
Evening star., 1956-03-25
CONGRESS
President in Dilemma
Over Much-Amended
Agricultural Bill

The 1856 omnibus farm bill. as 1t
appeared last week and as 1t likely
will appear when it reaches the
White House. posed vexing
damned -if-you-do-damned-if-you-
don't problem for President Eisen-
hover The President had two
choices:
0 He could sign the legislation,
which would virtually doom his
farm program-a program that is
especially dear to him and his
party in this election year.
Q He could veto the bill Gas Agri-
culture Secretary Benson Friday
predicted he would thus permitting
the existing law to- remain on the
books. This also would leave the.
Republican campaign without q
positive appeal to the farmers in a
year that is proving increasingly
unhappy in the politically vital
agricultural areas.
1t was clearly an unpleasant
choice,
The bill was ready for considera-
tion by 10 Senate House conferees,
a majority Of whom hold q farm
philosophy diametrically opposed to
Evening star., 1956-03-25
Dulles Reports

Mr.. Dulles, reporting to the Ma
lion Friday night, devoted almost
his entire half-hour talk to foreign
aid, with special stress on the non
military aspects. He was es-
pecially careful to reassure our
Asian allies that there was no in
tention in Washington to dictate
other countries policies. The fu-
ture, he said, belongs to independ-
ence, not domination; to freedom,
not servitude; to diversity, not con-
formity."
Soviet satellites, no doubt, will
become Exhibit No. in the United
States counterattack against Com
munist economic penetration.
The President had made the same
point on Monday. He told Con-
greSs 1--WE have no desire or intent
to subjugate or subvert other
peoples-no purpose to change their
chosen political, economic or cul-
tural patternS-no wish to make
any Of them our satellites"
But he warned that Soviet ex-
pansionism has merely taken on a
somewhat different guise and that
its fundamental objective is still
to disrupt and In the end to domi-
nate the free nations. With Soviet
leaders openly proclaiming their
world aim, it would be folly for us
and our friends to relax our col
lective efforts toward stability and
security"
This last remark was directed at
Congress, Of course. where there
was ominous grumbling at the price
tag. Newsnlen sampling Capitol
Hill opinion generally agreed that
the prevailing mood there was:
Much less win do"
Evening star., 1956-03-25
How 1t Happened

What were the ingredients of the
Kefauver Minnesota sweep? OBJ
servers on the scene and in WASH
ington stress these:
1. G. o. p. Revolt. Perhaps the
most significant from national
point OF view was the heavy vote
for Senator Kefauver (and, to a
lesser extent, Mr.. Stevenson) by
traditionally Republican farmers.
Districts which for years had been
considered safely G. o. P. swung
into the Democratic column. There
is every evidence-including a dras-
tically reduced G. o. P. total-that
this swing was a direct protest
against Eisenhower administration
farm policies.
Administration concern on this
point was admitted publicly by
Secretary of Agriculture Benson
and G.. o. P. National Chairman
Leonard Hall rushed three staff
members to Minnesota to investi-
gate and bolster the State organi-
zation.
2. Sabotage" There was con-
siderable evidence that in the cities
many Republicans voted for Sen
ator Kefauver both to weaken Mr.
Stevenson, the apparent Democratic
front runner, and embarrass his
supporters, Gov. Freeman and Sen
ator Humphrey Some Democrats
also repeatedly backed the Senator
as a rebuff to the Hum
phrey organization.
3. Kefauver'S Appeal. The tall
Tennessean with the ineradicable
grin and the tireless handshake has
tremendous voter appeal. His folksy
Evening star., 1956-03-25

ing convinced that the elaborate
plan u necessary. They feel that
the purpose Of the soil bank can
be accomplished under existing
law.
Issue for Democrats
Last week, then. It appeared
that the farm issue might be q
valuable one for the Democrats,
after all. A veto would not mean
any more folding money in the
farmers jeans, and acceptance Of
the bill would permit Democratic
candidates to remind farm area
voters that the higher support
prices they will be getting can be
credited only to persistent Demo-
Gratis in Congress who refused to
60 along with Mr.. Eisenhower.
Either way. the issue still had a
lot of potency. Farm income in
1855 fell to SLOT billion, down .
per cent from 1854 and the lowest
since 1912. And even today the
bottom apparently is not In sight,
for 1856 began with January
marketing receipts OF per cent
from January. 1855. Coupled with
this has been a steady price rise
in the things a farmer buys.
Further, while the drop In prices
paid by the consumer for food
since 1852 has been only per
cent, the prices received by the
farmer have plummeted II per
cent. The situation put the average
annual per capita farm income at
1886. compared to national
average for non-farm people Of
$1,913.
The farm income dive already
has begun to be felt other places
than In the fields. Farmers are
buying fewer automobiles and farm
machines. The value Of machinery
and cars owned by farmers de-
creased 500 million last year. In
ternational Harvester Co. recently
reported that sales by its tractor
and farm implement divisions are
at a lower rate now than they were
in the same period in 1855. And
Minneapolis-Moline Co. has shut
down two farm implement plants.
Only last October the company per-
manently closed its factory at
Louisville, KY. Previous layoffs
were reported at International Har-
vester, Oliver Corp. and Deere &
Co.
Evening star., 1956-03-25
Arms

There was at least one Earring
note in the Soviet leaders face
lifting operation last week. Both
Britain and the United States an
nounced they had detected another
Soviet nuclear explosion, the fifth
within eight months. Obviously
the Soviet nuclear weapons pro-
gram was gaining momentum,
despite all the peace talk.
" 1t was reminder that while
the battlefield was broadening to
include worldwide economic COM
petition, the military arms race
continues unabated.
On the United States side, Army,
Navy and Air Force competition for
jurisdiction over guided and bal
listic missiles produced a rash Of
stories about our advances In that
field. A marvellous new central
control system for Nike anti
aircraft missiles was unveiled at
Fort Meade, Md. Called the mis-
sile Master" it helps the Army's
air defense commanders meet dis
persed attacks on cities.
In London, meanwhile, the United
Nations Disarmament Subcommit-
tee resumed its quest for relief from
the costly arms race. The first
week was notable mainly for two
United States proposals:
/. That President EisenhoWer's
aerial inspection plan and Premier
Bulganin's ground inspection pro-
gram be tried out concurrently in
pilot project on 10000 to 10000
square miles of territory in both the
Soviet Union and the United States.
The area involved would be roughly
equivalent to the State of Maine.
All five nations on the subcommit-
tee, the United States, Britain,
France, the Soviet Union and
Canada, would participate in the
inspections in both countries. Har-
old E. Stassen, the Presidents spe-
cial adviser on disarmament, Sug-
gested that the plots picked for the
experiment have at least one sea-
port, an airf1eld, railroad terminal
and some non-secret military in
stallations. The object of this form
of inspection, of course, is not to
prevent attack but to assure each
side of early warning if prepara-
ions for assault are being made.
2. That both the Soviet Union
and the United States reduce their
military forces to 2.5 million men.
This would mean a cut of roughly
Is per cent for the United States
and possibly as much as so per cent
for the Soviet Union.
Continued Embarrassment
These two proposals, taken to-
yether with the Presidents earlier
suggestion that the United States,
Great Britain and the Soviet Union
freeze their nuclear stockpiies at
their present levels. indicated clear
ly that America has decided to keep
embarrassing the Communists with
feasible disarmament plans that
they must reject.
At the present time there is little
substantial hope that the Soviet
Union will accept any of the sug-
gestions, because all the proposals
are predicated on the provision
that Moscow must first accept q
workable inspection and control
Continued on Page A-27
Evening star., 1956-03-25
Hartman Watches

In Albany, meanwhile, Gov. Har-
riman, the inactive" candidate, is
watching developments. They
seemed to be going well for him.
Months ago it was said that his
best bet would be to let Mr.. Stew
enson and Senator Kefauver ex-
haust themselves before the conven-
ton. Then, the argument went,
when things were hopelessly and
bitterly deadlocked, he could emerge
as the compromise candidate.
But Gov. Hartman has some Of
the same problems as Senator
Kefauver. He is not universally
popular in the party. A New Deal
liberal, he faces heavy opposition
in the South. which is already boil
ing on the civil rights issue and
limiting at a convention bolt.
The need to consider Southern
feelings has given encouragement.
in turn, to friends Of Senator Sym
ington. He has the apparent sup
port Of Senate Majority Leader
johnson of Texas and the influ-
ential Senator Russell Of Georgia.
himself q candidate for nomination
In 1852. His friends reason that II
Mr.. Stevenson really Is on the sk1ds.
Senator Symington may definitely
be in the running.
The Symington camp sees sup
mort in the southern feeling, ex-
pressed Friday by Senator Ellender
of Louisiana, that a Kefauver or
Hartman nomination would GER
tainly give rise to a third party
in the South.
So the speculation goes on end
lessly, with one point Of agreement:
The Democratic convention is going
to be q lulu. Conceivably it could
rival the 1924 performance at which
103 ballots were taken before John
w. Davis won the nod.
Evening star., 1956-03-25
FOREIGN REVIEW
FOREIGN REVIEW
'Decononizing' Of Sto|in Signals
Fundamental Changes in USSR

The free world, its weather eye
as ever on Moscow, was buoyed by
q new hope last week. It seemed
that the high-riding collective lead
ership of the Soviet Union had
made its first whopping mistake
since Josef Stain died three years
and 20 days ago. Its all-out attack
on the "Stalin myth" designed to
eradicate the memory of Russia's
durable, deadly autocrat, may &C
tually turn out to weaken pro-
found]y the discipline of the world
Communist movement, both inside
and outside the Soviet Union.
Consider, for a moment. the ludi-
crous position in which Chinese
Communist Dictator Mao Tse-tung
now finds himself. He is heavily
committed to the Stalinist agri-
culture policy of collectivization, to
tighten his grip on China's vast
peasantry as Stain did on Russia's.
All six million members of the
Chinese Communist Party have
been reading and re-reading. vir-
tually memorizing, Chapters 8
through IL Of Stalin's History of
the All-Union Communist Party
Bolshevik), Short Course" Most
of them no doubt know 1t by heart
already and spout it to their COM
radeS and wards ad nauSeum.
Then comes Anastas Mikoyan, a
First Deputy Premier of the Soviet
Union and one of the leading the
orists in the parent Communist or
ganization in Moscow, to denounce
Stalin's treatise as unfit for human
consumption.
Surely Khrushchev and those
around him, the men who once
engineered Stains bloody purges,
must have foreseen these possible
consequences. How could they dare
to risk such confusion, even Titoist
detection, among their satellites?
Why did they expose themselves to
an almost inevitable guilt-b -asso-
citation charge by blasting the dead
dictator in whose crimes they were
known to have collaborated?
There was the usual furry of
houndering speculation on these
points last week, floundering be-
cause. as always, all the presidium
thinking was done behind the high
Kremlin walls.
How did it happen?
Evening star., 1956-03-25

Premier Anastas Mikoyan was In
Pakistan, for instance. offering our
SEATO ally a steel mill. When and
If anything comes of it, the Presi-
dent wants the United States to be
ready with an answer.
Twin Aims
The Presidents two aims are
continuity and fiexibility." He
wants authority to enter into ten
tative agreements for long term
capital investment projects like the
Aswan Dam in Egypt. Several
Congresses (and administrations
will have to approve appropriations
for the dam, of course, over the 10
years 1t will take to build it. But
Mr.. Eisenhower would like to have
the word of the present Congress to
back his own assurances to recipient
nations that we intend to follow
through.
BY "f1exibility' the President
means. principally. three blank
checks for $100 million each-one
for the Middle East and Africa, one
for short-term projects world wide,
and one for long-term project
worldwide. This pool of $500 mil
lion will give the President the
capacity for almost instantaneous
reaction to any surprises which the
Soviet Unions foreign aid experts
may throw at us.
Chairman Walter George of the
Senate Foreign Relations Commit
tee announced yesterday he is
opposed to giving the President au-
thority to make 10-year commit
ments.
Evening star., 1956-03-25
SEGREGATION
AIubumu WuIkuthon
Continues Despite
Leaders Conviction

A Montgomery (Ala) judge last
week convicted the 27-year-old
Negro minister who. with soft
words and fervent prayer, has led
q four-month walkathon by mem-
bers Of his race protesting segrega-
ton and what they regard a.
shabby treatment on city buses.
The Rev. Martin Luther King, IT,.
Thursday appealed his conviction
Continued On Page A-sS
Evening star., 1956-03-25
NATIONAL REVIEW
NATIONAL REVIEW
Minnesota | riumDh
By Kefouver Alters
Democratic Lineup

Politics offered something for everybody last week:
For Senator Kefauver there the sweet flavor of
smashing victory in the Minnesota primary Adlai
Stevenson erstwhe frontnner for the Democratic Pary
presidential nomination
For Mr. Stevenson there the bitter taste of defeat
and imperative need to reappraise his strategy and his
approach to the voters.
For Democratic Party leaders there the realization
that the most of them favored for the 1856 nomination
Mr. Stevenson = had suffered grievous, perhaps fatal
political wound while the most of them would designate
east desirable nominee" Senator Kefauver riding
high
For other Democratic possibilities particularly New Yors
Gov Averell Hartman and Mssours Senator Symington,
there pulse-quckening renewal of attention from
Democrats who either had already written Mr. Stevenson off
preparing for the day when they might have to do
And for the Republicans from President Eisenhower down
through the entire party organization there the
Evening star., 1956-03-25

doesn't Marshal Georgi Zhukov
just take overO
. To indulge a deep-seated emo
tional urge, shared by all Commu-
mist Party functionaries, from COM
missar to ward heeler. Ali ranks
no doubt had become thoroughly
fed up with Stalin's animal bru-
talities and felt deep psychological
satisfaction in venting their spleen
on Stalin's cadaver.
The Timing
The timing Of this broad cam
paign-party workers were spread
ing the word throughout the Soviet
Union last weeks easy to under
stand. It is a period of relative
tranquility in the world, from the
Kremlin's viewpoint. External
threats apparently are not great
and can be counted on to stay that
way. In fact, there is every reason
to expect that during this period of
internal stress the Soviet Union will
intensity its peaceful co-existence"
line.
This policy is already apparent.
In London ex-Premier Georgi Ma
lenkov is working diligently at max
ing friends-and succeeding impress
sively If one is to Judge from the
pictures OF beaming English states
men toasting him warmly and
young English laSses kissing him.
Also, the dispatch of Andrei Gro
myko to London tends to glamorize
the Soviet role in the disarmament
talks which started last Monday
(about which more later. Back in
Moscow it was Love Britain Week."
with special exhibits and events
extolling the virtues of British cul-
ture. It was another demonstra-
ton Of the Soviet Unions unsubtle
policy Of driving a wedge between
the United States and Great Brit
ain-one. fortunately, which Eng
lish sophisticates are not likely to
dawdle over.
Evening star., 1956-03-25
A Solid Victory

A Solid Victory
The only thing certain about
Tuesdays Minnesota result was the
solidity Of Senator Kefauver's VIC
tory With only a few precincts 10
be heard from, he had 238,88 votes
to MIR. Stevenson's 182,5 $40 in the
personal popularity contest" A
more tangible prize was capture Of
26 of Minnesota's 80 votes at the
Democratic National Convention in
August. Unlike his sweep Of New
Hampshire's IL convention votes a
week earlier, the Minnesota victory
came after a head-on personal
clash with Mr.. Stevenson, who had
the support of the Democrat
Farmer-Labor organization and
Senator Hubert Humphrey and
Gov. Orville Freeman.
For the Senator, the Tuesday
primary meant that he had sur
vived q test in which failure prob
ably would have sunk him without
a trace. But, sadly for him. even
If he should repeat this perform
ance again and again, he still would
be long way from the nomination.
He has against him the hostility Of
party leaders, who. consider him
dangerous maverick. Unless he can
find a way to dissolve that hostility
or at least suppress 1t. his nomina-
tion prospects are dim. Politicians
like to recall that Senator Kefauver
went into the 1852 convention with
about ATS sure votes. mainly from
States where he had won primary
victories. but the nomination still
went on the third ballot to Mr..
Stevenson, a reluctant candidate.
Despite the political realities,
however, Senator Kefauver at the
weeks end was riding the crest of
his victory toward three more pri-
mary clashes with Mr.. Stevenson
Alaska on April "a, Florida on May
20 and California on June S. The
latter two are considered crucial for
Mr.. Stevenson If he is to recover
from the Minnesota trouncing.
Evening star., 1956-03-25
Why?

The deglorifcation Of Stain is
more, Of course, than change in
the party line. It is a change in
religion.
One commentator on Russian af-
fairs has suggested this is like
denouncing the Apostle Paul post
humously and ordering all Chris
tians to revise their Bibles, to re-
nounce Pauls dogmas, and to stick
strictly to the announcements of
without most of Paul's in
terpretations and extensions.
Christians would be grandly con-
fused. So are the Communists. So.
especially are Mao Tse-tung's
million Chinese cadre.
Because the present collective
leadership must have anticipated
this confusion, there must have
been some pretty fundamental rea-
sons for the move. Here are some
of the long distance guesses that
reached Washington last week:
. To perfume the image Of New
Kremlin Man, the better to en-
brace the uncommitted nations of
Asia and Africa which are now be-
ing wooed so diligently with prom
ises of economic and military sup
port. Khrushchev is obviously try
ing to cast off the cloak Of Stain
and replace it with one of Lenin's.
This first great Bolshevik some
how has managed to go down in
history as a gentle man, contrary
though this is to the actuality.
. To please the army. Khru-
shchev repeatedly went far out of
his way in his secret denunciation
to clear the names of many generals
purged by Stain in the late 1930s.
He also ridiculed the myth. which
Stain is said to have personally
created, that it was his genius
rather than the army's-that won
the war. (Few question that the
army Is the most powerful force In
the Soviet Union today. It would
be natural for Mr.. Khrushchev to
cater to it. But what battles many
an outside observer is this: Why
Evening star., 1956-03-25

approach contrasted to his ad-
vantage with the more strained,
formal manner Of Mr.. Stevenson.
Mr.. Stevenson has conceded the
front-runner position to Senator
Kefauver, but he says he will con-
-tinue in the race for the nomina-
tion. He will stick to the course of
moderation" he says, and not try
to "outpromise" anybody.