davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-25

where possible, and help them
achieve those goals which are COM
patible with our own.
In Europe this process of devel-
oping coalitions and maintaining
counterforces to Soviet power is
relatively far along. West Europe
has recovered economically, thanks
to the Marshall Plan boost. The
area is struggling-we dare to hope
successfully-in coalition with us to
block the expansion Of Soviet power
by military means. Our aid to Eu-
rope thus can be confined to the
military side.
Our principal foreign aid prob
lem is In the Middle East and Asian
areas Of Eurasia. Our coalitions
there are very young and relatively
unstable. Some Of the key powers
actively shun formal coalition with
us, although they are in the loose
association known as the free world.
The Soviet Unions recent entry
into the economic-aid field there
has complicated our problem in
ways that are not yet fully under
stood.
We have also found that we differ
with Asian political leadership In
four fundamental respects. These
four differences, as outlined by w.
w. Rostow in IAN American Policy
in ASIA" concern:
. Colonialism.
. Economic growth.
o The nature Of communism.
. The nature of the democratic
process.
All these are differences which
did not seriously bedevil the Mar
shall Plan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-25

with them. Zone American prob
lem, of course. is to conceive policies
which will please not only the West
Eurasian powers whom we must
strengthen, but also the East Eura-
sian powers as Well.)
Asian nations are still strongly
attracted to the oversimphf1ed
Marxist theories about colonialist
aims and the roles of classes in
economic growth. Asian intellec-
tuals, reared in a revolutionary
atmosphere sympathetic to COM
munism, are sensitive about white
man criticism Of their basic think
ing, and tend to be stubborn in
defending Marxist doctrine which
they might more quickly discard
otherwise.
Asians, unblessed by Americas
large middle class. also have much
different concept Of democracy than
we. The poor masses turn over
more facets Of their life to the
control Of small elite because
they readily admit they have not
the capacity to act wisely in their
own interest. An entirely different
balance than ours is struck, conse-
quently, between freedom and gov
eminent control. Too few Ameri-
cans understand this, our policy
makers often complain.
Asians' sensitivity to pressure
from the white man makes the
direct. you're-all-wrong technique
virtually useless in increasing the
areas of compatibility between nom
Soviet Asia and America.
Many officials in the executive
branch now believe that, important
as adequate funds will be in an
effective foreign aid program,
prncticing knowledge of the i'm
portance of these spiritual sensi-
tivitieS of the free Asian nations
will be more important.
Fundamentally, of course, the fu-
ture Of the United States as an
island power depends less on how
much the free Asians like us, on
how much money we give them.
on how much they hate commu-
nism, on how thankful they are,
than on hon great an overldp In
ob5ecttDes tDe can deDelop and work
actively toward "dignif1ed part
nership"-as Mr.. RoStow calls it
with the nations on the fringe Of
the great Eurasian land-peoples-
resources mass.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-25
What's Needed
For Effective
Aid Program?
By EARL H. vOss

Another springtime debate on the
values and effectiveness Of Ameri-
can foreign aid began last Monday
with the Presidents message to
Congress asking $4.9 billion In ap-
preparations for the fiscal year 1857.
AS the discussions began. it was
evident that there Is, as usual,
wide divergence of thought about
the most fundamental aspects Of
foreign aid.
What are we trying to do with
our foreign aid? Can we work with
nations having goals that some
times differ from ours? Are our
present techniques adequate for
dealing with the underdeveloped
countries we seek to help?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-25
Democrats Reply

A more realistic description Of
the Republican foreign policy would
be bluff and backdown." e:as4s.
It is true, Of course, that the
broad outline of foreign policy was
taken-without thanks-from the
Democratic administration of Tru-
man and Acheson. President Tru-
man, over opposition from many
Republicans, built the present coll
lective security wall that contains
Russia. And the Democrats initi-
ated foreign aid. had the courage
to prove in Korea that Red agrees
sion does not pay and offered the
first disarmament plans.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-25
islam

Most of Islam was aflame or
smouldering dangerously last week.
In Algeria, France was gathering
her strength to put down ruthlessly
the Arab challenge to her author
ity. The French army already had
launched an early-spring offensive
to catch the rebels of balance be-
fore they could get an attack of
their own under way.
In Palestine, there were mount
ing fears that Egypt and her Arab
allies were moving much more
swiftly and effectively than anti
cipated in absorbing the new arms
they bought from the Soviet bloc
last year. The power balance
already was shifting against Israel,
observers believed.
The United States went to the
United Nations Security Council
early last-week with a plan for Sec
rotary General Dag Hammarskjold
to conduct a fact-finding mission
in Palestine and its border areas.
The American hope is that Mr..
Hammarskjold's prestige will gain
him entry into critical areas on
both sides and that his good stand
ing before world opinion would
bring important pressure to bear
on the contending parties If he
were to make proposals for pre-
venting full-scale war.
Great Britain was less optimistic.
Because the oil of the Middle East
is so important to Britain's sur
vival as great power. she has ap-
parently accepted the fireman's role
which the United States oath Divi-
sion filled in Korea when war
broke out. Stories leaked from
London that she would be able to
go into action against either side
within "a hours-as soon, In other
words, as the aggressor could be
definitely identified.
Tunisio
Now that France has given Pre-
mier Guy Mollet the emergency
powers he demanded. the French
cabinet was trying to compose its
North Africa policies last week. AS
an earnest of its good intentions
toward the people Of North Africa,
they gave final independence to
Tunisia on Tuesday. Over mil
lion thus are set completely free.
They will now be able to set up
their own amy. And their civil
servants can conduct Tunisian for
eign affairs without official French
guidance. The Tunisians still In
tend to maintain strong links with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-25
BY JAMES Y. NEWTON

Organized labor, on the heels Of
the AFL-CIO merger, was expected
to make big political splash in the
coming election campaigns. But at
this point 1t appears the merger,
while holding intriguing long-term
political possibilities, may actually
dull labor's effectiveness at the polls
in 1856.
Perhaps the main purpose Of the
architects Of the AFL-CIO amalga-
nation was to fashion organized
labor into q really potent political
force. There was no thought among
the leaders of setting up q labor
party in the foreseeable future.
The object was, and Is, to elect to
State and Federal Office within the
two-party system enough friends
Of labor to create favorable legis-
lative climate.
In such a climate labor leaders
envision enactment of more legis-
lation favorable to the working man
and repeal of State laws and the
Federal Taft-Hartley Act, which
labor regards as restrictive Of union
activity.
The Is million members Of the
AFL-CIO, plus at least an equal
number Of family members and
friends, offer union political officers
plenty Of potential votes to carry
out their detectives. The problems
are to arouse interest in voting and,
through political education, to per-
suade this group to vote for labor
minded candidates.
Needed: A Network
To be successful, such a program
would require smooth working Or
CARNATIONS at the Washington
headquarters and all the way down
to the smallest locals, the grass
roots. Labor officials say this will
take many more years to develop.
While the AFL and CIO head
quarters stats, and the several
governing councils and boards, have
been integrated. merger is still
little more than a word In the
States, cities and towns where
elections are won.
AFL and CLIO organizations have
merged In only one state, Arkan-
sas. In April, Tennessee, Missouri
and Louisiana will hold merger
conventions and others are sched-
uled for later. But it is necessarily
q slow process that viii not be
completed until long after the
November elections. Only bare
start has been made toward ANAL
gamation Of city and town central
labor bodies.
The AFL Labor's League for
Political Education and the CIO
Political Action Committee have
been combined into "COPE"-the
Committee on Political Education
Headquarters. STATS Of the league
and PAC have been integrated
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-25
Technique

One Of the most serious failings
Of our foreign aid policy to date.
many observers believe. has been
our utter disregard for the Asian
point Of view on the third and
fourth points, and our tendency to
brush aside Asia's sensitivity on the
first point.
India and other third force"
powers, for instance, hear Of Amer
lean expressions Of policy like last
weeks ringing Endorsement of
France in Algeria and conclude
that the United States is too sym
pathetic to colonial powers, and
therefore basically incompatible
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-25

classes and schools, by a lack Of
special classes and teachers, and
by the combined effects Of fatigue
and low morale among teachers
and students. The remedy. surely.
is not to retreat to long discarded
authoritarian methods. but to pro-
vide the facilities which will make
the present system more effective.
S. The persuosiveIy presented gen.
eroI statements offered by Com
missioner Lone would be more
helpful If there were at least q
few detoils.
I will give two illustrations OF
this shortcoming. Commissioner
Lane argues for "a few well-deflned
courses of college preparatory. COM
mercial or vocation education"
How many are "a few?" The i'm
plication is that many courses now
offered in the secondary schools
should be eliminated. Until we
are told which courses. 1t is i'm
possible to consider the proposal
on its merits.
Again, consider the section on
facilities. It is difficult to deter
mine what Commissioner Lanes
intentions are. He does say that
"auditoriums, cafeterias, gym
nasiums and Fairgrounds are de-
sirable but not essential adjuncts
of education" Does that mean that
in future schools, with which he
might be associated as a Commits
sioner Of the District Of Columbia.
he will seek to include or exclude
these facilities? Is he in favor of
desirable" things in education? Or
is he opposed to everything that Is
not "essential?"
This discussion Of facilities be-
comes even more confusing when
we consider Commissioner Lanes
pronouncement on so-called "over-
investment in facilities" He as
serts that "a new facility which is
introduced as an enhancement Of
education is often in truth a de-
traction from It," Without specific
examples. what can we make of
statements like this? If the Com
missioner believes that facilities are
now in use in Washington which
detract from education. he should
supply list Of such facilities and
move at once to have them aban-
doned or sold, provided the opinion
OF the community will support him
IN that judgment. AS q resident
OF Washington for 80 years, I wish
Commissioner Lane would submit
for public consideration a definite
list OF existing facilities which In
his opinion are harmful.
Teachers and other citizens Of
Washington should be grateful to
Commissioner Lane for stating so
frankly the educational philosophy
upon which he relies in discharging
his responsibilities as one Of the
Commissioners of the District of
Columbia. In almost any other
American community, there would
be a means through the ballot box
to find out whether voters and tax
payers Of Washington agree with
him or not. hope that Commits
sioner Lane will spell out in COM
plete detail just what his general
philosophy Of education would
mean If applied to specific circum-
stances, to individual schools, and
individual boys and girls.
In my opinion, the more clearly
this philosophy Is explained and
its consequences traced, the more
certain it is to be rejected by the
people Of Washington and Of the
United States In general.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-25

lot Of them to equal the political
effect Of o single Texas Gilman.
on education" in its drive to elect
a pro-labor Congress although the
budget is a closely guarded secret.
A recent confidential COPE report
stated:
1T will be necessary for labor,
in view Of the attacks which have
been made on the merger by reac-
tionary groups, to conduct a cam
paign primarily on the educational
level without fanfares Of publicity"
Literature Flows
FLYERS" urging members to reg
lister and to contribute to COPE
already have been sent out. The
registration flyer states 1--WE all
want to vote for liberal, forward
looking candidates who believe in
all the people. not in just the rich
few" The one soliciting funds (see
cut) gives the name Of a Texas
oil millionaire who repeatedly"
gave $750,000 to the 1852 campaign.
COPE, recalling that in 1852
many unionistS, particularly wives,
voted for President Eisenhower
rather than labor-backed Adlai
Stevenson, is making the effort this
time to get its literature into the
homes Of union members. In prep
aration are is million pamphlets
giving the voting records of all con-
gressional candidates. These will be
delivered direct to homes.
COPE's goal this year will be cleo
ton Of pro-labor Congress. To ac-
complish this, officials say, it will
be necessary to elect Al additional
friendly" House members and IL
additional friendly" Senators. This,
COPE admits, would entail tire
mendous upset"
In the presidential race, the ALL
CLIO Executive Council will decide
in June whether to call q special
convention for September. II one
Is called labor almost surely will
indorse a presidential candidate,
although there IL considerable SEN
timent against 1t at this time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-25
Divergent Goals

II the American long-range goal
is to develop coalitions with Eura-
sian powers who share our long
range interests ESCAPE from DOM
ination by q central Eurasian
power) we must know what goals
our allies and potential allies have.
narrow the differences in our goals
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-25

threats of massive retaliation" fol-
lowed by cuts in American defenses.
AS the Democratic Digest ap-
praises the Republican execution Of
foreign policy: United States pres
tige has been seriously impaired BY
this policy of issuing hollow ulti-
matums."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-25
Continued From Page Az!

system. So far the Communists
have always demurred, presumably
because effective inspection would
eventually open up their country
to too much outside influence, and
might dilute the power of the Soviet
collective dictatorship.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-25

But execution Of the policy has
been a series of called bluffs-the
"unleashing" of Chang Kai-shek.
the threat Of an "agonizing reap
praisal" Of our foreign aid plans II
France failed to approve EDO, the
empty threats to intervene in Indo-
China-followed by acquiescence In
the loss Of North Wet Nam, the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-25
THE 1855 DEBATE
Republicans Regard Peace
As Topic A on Hastings

Second Of seven articles sxominins from
both sides Of the political fence The
major issues to be deboted in the 1856
eampaign.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-03-25
4. Commissioner Lone says thot
the essential prerequisite Of
teochinq is discipline.

Whether one agrees or diSagreeS
with this assertion depends upon
the definition given to discipline"
Commissioner Lane supplies his
own definition: Teaching is essen
TALLY and necessarily authoritarian.
Our American system Of civilian
education (and I believe Of military
education at its best) is concerned
chiefly with developing those inner
controls that we call self-discipline.
We want elf-discipline because it
results in better behavior than mere
fear Of the policeman.
Students should learn to seek
truth in various places, to verify
information by comparing several
different sources, to be alert to new
sources and new facts, and to ques-
ton material which is thrust at
them without adequate supporting
evidence. Under these circum-
stances, the teacher in the class
room becomes a guide and leader.
He is not the sole, arbitrary and
final authority.
It Is undeniable that serious dis
cipline problems exist In many
schools. Often families and chill
dren make poor use Of their oppor-
tlnities. Some teachers are not
properly prepared for teaching:
others Just make mistakes. Even
%, most Of the so-called discipline
problems are caused By over-crowded
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
Morning

=
6:35
4-Todoy on the Farm. News.
$50
4-Look to This boy. Proyer.
6:55
9-Meditotions. Inspirotionoi.
TOO
4-T0day. Voriety.
S-Goed Morning. Variety.
500
s-csptoin Kangaroo. Kids.
s:55
4-Insa. Cooking.
900
4-LittIe RosedIs. Our Gang.
S-Thought. InspirotionoI.
S-MoEk EVons. Variety.
9:l0
y-koFfoon klub. Kids.
S:3U
ARonsper Room. Kids.
1000
4-Ding- Dong School. Kids.
5-kaleidoseope. Shorts.
9-ooFFy Moore. Voriety.
1890
4fgnie kovaes. Variety.
S-Arthur Godfrey. Voriety.
HOO
4-HOAe. Arlene Francis.
lI:30
S-Strike IL Rich. Quiz.
1900
Alt Could Be You.
Bill leyden emcees.
5-Pete's Place. Kids.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03

9-voIiunt Lddy. Scroll.
I2:l5
9-Love Of Life. Serial.
l2:25
7-News.
Ted Dunlop reports.
1890
4-Fecther Your Nest. Quiz.
5-Afternoon Movie.
IA Hours. THE Big Might"
1851. A younoster seeks the
man who nerciIessly beot his
fother. John 5orrymore, ir.:
Preston Foster.
7-Clown Corner. Kids.
9-SeoFeh for Tomorrow. Ser1.
l2:45
9-Guidins Light. Serial.
Iz:55
7-News Summary.
loo
4-Fe0ture Playhouse. Movie.
"a Hours. king of the Turf"
1889. A down-ond-out roce trock
figure finds success oooin with
chomp jockey. Adolphe Meniou,
Dolores Costello.
1.-The Ruggles. Dromo.
S-Theofer OF Stors.
Trouble begins when q cote owner
employs o stronoe young boy.
Edmond O'Brien.
$50
7-Roeket Squad. Crime.
GAS the World Turns. Seriol.
ZOO
5-Lodies Be Seated. Dromo.
IA Hours. "Womon in Brown"
l948. Conrod Nooel.
7SLodies' TheoteE.
TlOuf- y OIcoH1 FOf JiHHHY.
Fern Bennett Counterpart. "
John Hudson.
9-Donna Douglas. Women.
2:15
9-Johnny Carson. Voriety.
2:30
4-Tennessee Ernie Show.
9-House Porty. Variety.
$500
4-Motinee TheoteF.
! Hour. The Luck Of Amos
Curie." An elderly man is ne
elected by his children until they
think he hos acquired o loree
sum of money. Charles Rueeles
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-06-03
June 6

disploced persons. Moi letter
ling. British.
9-The Big PoYotf. Quiz.
5-Teo Time Theoter.
Junior" Edword Arnold.
9-Bob Crosby. Music.
400
4-Dote With Life. Scroll.
5-Brishter Day. Scroll.
9-Piek Temple. Kids.
I Hour. Movie. The Gotlino
Gun." Bill Williams.
AIS
4-Modern Romonees. Scroll.
5-Seeret Storm. SerioI.
4:3o
4-Queen for q Day. Giveowoy.
5-The Edge of Night. Serial.
500
Al Married Joan. Comedy.
5-Lomb Session. Variety.
Unlikely Mouse Club. Kids.
Ccuoon: THE Kornivoi Kid"
9-Mv Little Moigie. Comedy.
Moroie helps Vern secure busi-
ness deal.
E0n
4-Susie. Comedy.
Ann Sothern stars.
9-FoFeign Incident. Druno.
The Dion1ond Bullet. Jerome
Thor.
5:55
5-Motthew Warren. News.
500
4-Footlisht Theoter. Variety.
Paul Arnold, host. Songs. Comedy.
Films. > Interviews.
5-HoPpity Skippity. Kids.
7-Sky King. Adventure.
Sky joints O nonhunt for two
escaped eonvicts.
9-Ciseo Kid. Western.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-21

Board, said yesterday any action
through Metropolitan police.
DR.. Claudy is a specialist in
internal medicine. Washington
born, he is a graduate Of George
Washington University and Med
ical School. and interned at Dis
trict General Hospital.
In 1858. he was given a three
year leave of absence from the
surgeons board to serve with the
Air Force, mostly in Germany.
Known as the "f1re-buff doc
tor" DR.. Claudy has received
many concentrations for his
life-saving activities on the fire.
ground.
Five years ago he was pre-
sented an award by the Wash
ington Medical and Surgical So.
Iciety for "meritorious contribu.
ton to medical science" for 9
paper on defense measure:
against atomic bomb explosions
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-21
Blanchard Retiring
AS Gunnett Editor

ROCHESTER, N. Y. Oct. 90
(SpeciaD. - L. r. Blanchard
editor of the Democrat and
Chronicle, today announced his
retirement, effective December
81.
He also will retire as editorial
chairman of the Gannett group
of newspapers, and as a director
of the Gannett Co., Inc.
Mr.. and Mrs. Blanchard plan
to make their home on the West
Coast. They have one son,
Robert, who is assistant political
editor Of the Los Angeles Times.
Mr.. Blanchard Joined the
Gannett organization in 1888
He was successfully managing
editor of the Democrat and
Chronicle, the Times Union
head of the central News and
Editorial Office, general execu-
tive editor of the Gannett news
papers, and finally editor of this
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-21

newspaper and editorial chair
man for the group.
Active for years in newspaper
societies, Mr.. Blanchard has been
president of the New York State
Society Of Newspaper Editors,
president of the Associated Press
Managing Editors and a member
and one-time officer of the
American Society of Newspaper
Editors.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-21
Pennsylvania Ave.
Leads Accident List

Pennsylvania avenue was the
most accident-prone street in
the city last week, according to
Washington police.
Fifteen accidents were reported
on the avenue from Nineteenth
street NV. to Branch avenue Sc
I Next most accident-prone was
Fourteenth street, from Highway
Bridge to Newton street NV
Thirteen accidents were reported
along this stretch.
Third and fourth in line were
Florida avenue, between Twelfth
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-21

North Lexington street. is &C
cused Of stealing a pad Of pre-
scription blanks from another
physician and forging AM order
for "a one-ounce tablets COM
pounded Of codeine. empirin and
aspirin for his own use.
He was arrested by County
Detectives William Dinsmore and
Walter Cauffman, notified when
q drug store employee became sus-
picious of the address on the
prescription.
He is free under $1,000 bond
pending arraignment.
DR.. Claudy has no previous
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-21

record "of any kind" Metropoli-
tan Police reported.
other sources said. however.
that several months ago his priv
ilege to write narcotics prescrip-
lions was suspended by the Fed
eral Narcotics Bureau.
He has been a member of the
local surgeons board. which adj
ministers to local police and
firemen, for six years. The MEM
bers are appointed by the Dis
Itrict Commissioners.
Robert E. Mclaughlin, presi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-21

Tenth street NE. with 10 acci-
dents reported.
There was a decrease of so
accidents from the total Of 418
for the previous week.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-21
THE SUNDAY STAR Washington. D. c. Alb


street NV. and Third street
NE, with IL accidents, and
Massachusetts, avenue, from
Thirty-fourth street NV. to