davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

Britain, with gasoline rationing
and large-scale employment
threatening as the oil shortage
forced industry to cut back pro-
duction, seemed to be approaching
a major political change last week.
Sir Anthony Eden, Conservative
Prime Minister whose government
has been under increasingly severe
criticism since the military inter-
vention in Egypt. Monday withdrew
for reasons of health from cabinet
meetings and all public engage
ments. His duties in the govern
ment were taken over by r. A. But
Ter, Tory Party wheelhorse and
Lord Privy Seal.
The Prime Minister'S physicians
announced he was suffering from
severe overstrain" and exhaustion.
Sir Anthony. who has been under
stiff pressure from almost every
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

neutraIs-each had a special in
terest in the success of the downy-
faced. lightly equipped youngsters
from six nations who made up the
U. NJ Emergency Forces in Egypt.
The West watched with tense
expectancy, because the two great
powers most deeply involved are
keystones Of the Atlantic alliance.
If Britain and France can extricate
themselves from the thorny situa-
ton in Egypt without too much
loss of prestige. the long
value of the Western Big Three
the United States, Britain and
France in the sure-to-continue
struggle against Communist ex-
panSion may be restored and
strengthened.
The Communist East was no less
attentive as the U. N. forces, far
from adequate to enforce compli-
ance by armed might, deployed to
vital points, their mission the sub
stitution Of international law for
force and national domination.
The vast so-called neutral"
world, aloof from identification
with either of the cold war antag-
onists, showed intense interest, too.
To these countries, the perform
ance Of the U. N. in q critical
situation involving two major
Western powers could mean the
determination of their foreign poll
cies for the forseeable future.
The stakes were immense to all.
Never before in the history Of mans
efforts to bring international order
in a world of jealousy sovereign
nations has an international organi-
zation succeeded in taking a deflni-
tive action In a crisis involving a
major power.
AS of yesterday. the outlook was
at least promising Britain. France
and Israel had acceded to the
principle of U. NJ action, and. had
made token" Withdrawals from the
Suez Canal zone. There were
qualifications, to be sure, and no
haste on the part of London and
Paris to abandon their adventure in
Egypt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25
Oil as clever

There was little doubt that Wash
ington was vigorously using the oil
shortage as a lever to bring about
prompt British French Israeli
withdrawal from Egypt. But en-
voys from Western European ma
tions not involved in the Suez
controversy protested the delay in
oil shipments. During the week,
diplomats from West Germany,
Austria. Greece. Italy. Norway,
Spain and Switzerland urged inn
mediate use Of an already-existing
emergency plan for augmenting
supplies Of vital oil for Western
Europe.
Even with full United States CO.
operation, there we're immense diff
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

counterpart, Minority Leader Will
liam Knowland Of California. And
no one seriously believes such a
move would receive this very nee
essary blessing.
Secondly, any Senators wishing
to curb the flibuster through
changing Rule XXI face a filibus-
ter in even trying to bring the
matter to discussion. The motion
to take up consideration Of a rules
change can itself be talked to death.
This is a result Of a ruling in the
Both Congress by the late Senator
Arthur Vandenberg, then Senate
President Pro Tenn.
Finally, the Southerners can de-
pend on the help OF Republican
Senators from outside the South
in holding the line against cloture.
Nevertheless, an effort to amend
the rules can tie up the Senate
for days. The only way to defeat
a filibuster as Of now is to out
fllibuster the filibusterers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

loads would mean more loads, more
work. more stevedores and more
pay has escaped the attention of
the unions bargainers.
The union also insists on a guar
antee of at least four hours pay
for any man who is called to the
dock to work. regardless of the
length Of the job. At present, any
worker called in the morning is
guaranteed four hours: if he comes
to the pier in the afternoon. he can
be certain of only two hours.
The lila also is asking for a 81
cents-an-hour wage increase and
a two-year contract. The COM
panies have agreed to the 32-cent
raise, but want to spread it over
three years The present scale is
S248 an hour. But it is only the
fortunate and favored loneshore-
man who can depend on as much as
a 40-hour week in an industry
where a good political relationship
with the union hiring boss often is
the primary criterion on the pier.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25
Winter Visits
Eastern u. S.

The winter of 1861 dropped in
for a visit to the Eastern United
States one month ahead of its off,
cial arrival date last week, iSolating
towns in Pennsylvania, numbing
toes in Washington and freezing
vegetables in Central Florida.
Some areas of the Great Lakes
region were buried under 4 feet
of snow. Drifts lowered 10 feet in
Erie, Pa, and tanks, bulldozers,
snowplows and an army Of men
with shovels spent the latter part
Of the week digging out their city
Of 10000 persons.
-Four we're known dead as a result
Of the blizzard, and nine hunters
were missing in Western New York
State. Surface transportation was
at r-standstill over much Of
Eastern Ohio, Western Pennsyl-
vania and Western New York. New
York City, where snow removal
costs amount to 81 million per inch
Of snow. was spared.
The premature arrival OF winter
had its origins in Alaska, 1000
miles from the scene Of its heaviest
damage. On one side to the west
was a high pressure area, with a
low pressure area in the east and
a mass Of cold Canadian air sand
wiched between. The high pressure
zone began pushing the cold air
as the low pressure began pulling
1t into the Eastern United States.
As the air. moving as a brisk
northwesterly wind. hit the Hudson
Bay and the Great Lakes It picked
up surface moisture. which was
pressed out in the form Of snow
as 1he mass passed over rising
land on the lee side Of the lakes.
This process. the pushing and
pulling Of cold air by high and
low pressures. began on Wednesday
and was repeated daily for three
days. And the end was not in
sight yesterday Another such
blast was building Up yesterday
morning over Northern Ontano
and Manitoba.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

export programs will probably re-
duce stocks of cotton. wheat and
rice this season." But it added that
Government-held corn stocks are
likely to increase.
Construction Outlook
A record volume of construction
is expected for 1857, reported the
Commerce and Labor Departments,
despite drop of 100000 units of
home construction from 1856, which
saw 100000 fewer homes built than
in 1855. The departments predicted
that not more than a million homes
will be built next year.
Prospects for a 1875 per cent in
crease in public construction, which
will account for about SIS billion
of the total expenditures for build
ing, frightened the overall picture.
Most of this increase will result
from starting the tremendous high
way building program, which will
last for decade.
The report said that construction
costs are likely to increase and that
mortgage money will continue to be
tight. 1t saw no difficulty for in
dustry in obtaining materials. -
Despite the bright note in these
two industries basic to the economy.
the administration was still keeping
a watch out for infiationary signs.
and there was talk in financial
circles of the certainty Of yet an
other increase in the Federal Re-
serves discount rates to member
banks. This would make installment
plan splurging little more difficult
and more expensive.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

holiday was frightened Thursday
by the happy reports coming from
Camp Kilmer, where men, women
and children. possessing only the
clothing on their backs and a few
pitiful bundles, relaxed taut nerves
and tired bodies in their new haven
of freedom.
Inside their battered homeland,
the RusSian-sponsored regime of
Premier Janos Kadar had little
success in his efforts to get his
rebellious people back to their jobs.
Fighting had ceased; reports of
steady deportations of young free
dom fighters to Siberia persisted de-
spite Hungarian and Russian de-
mails. The whole dread mechanism
of the Soviet security forces was
reported in action at Budapest and
other cities, under the personal
direction of the Russian state secur-
ity chief, Gen. Ivan A. Serov.
At the United Nations, the Gen.
raj Assembly late Wednesday again
demanded that Hungary admit
U. N. observers and cease all de-
portations Immediately. Russian
and Hungarian denials of mass de-
portationS failed to convince the
delegates; the vote was 81 to 8,
with IA abstentions. Most signifi-
cantly, the resolution adopted was
proposed by India, Ceylon and In
donesia-all neutralist states usu-
ally friendly to Russia.
Again significantly, Poland alb
stained from the vote.
Noey Disappears
On Friday the satellite pot boiled
over again when Yugoslavia charged
angrily that former Premier Imre
Macy, ousted at Budapest when the
Red army tanks installed the Kadar
regime, had been abducted by Rus
sian troops and security forces and
deported to Romania.
Mr.. Macy, after days Of strife
and steady concessions to the rebels,
had taken refuge with a group Of
close associates in the Yugoslav
Embassy at Budapest when the
Russian tanks thundered across the
Danube bridges. He remained in his
sanctuary while the bloody suppress
sion Of the uprising was concluded;
one Of the major demands of the
striking Hungarian workers has
been the restoration of Mr.. Macy
to power.
On Thursday. Mr.. Macy accepted
a safe-conduct guarantee, in writ
ing, from the Kadar government
and emerged from the Yugoslav
refuge. He and his aides entered
a government bus for the trip to
their homes; Immediately, the Bel
grade reports said, the bus was sur
rounded by carloads of Russian
security police and escorted to the
Russian army kommandatura.
Budapest Radio announced that
the former Premier had gone to
Romania at his own request. But
Belgrade charged bitterly that Mr..
Macy and his aides had been
betrayed. The Tito government
demanded an official explanation.
terming the abduction mot only a
fragrant breach Of the existing
friendly relations between the two
countries but also Of the generally
recognized norms Of international
law" o.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

anti-tank weapons, were united as
an organization only by a common
command, q common mission, and
the blue-and-white armbands of
the U. N. Representing Norway,
Denmark, Sweden, Colombia. Yugo-
slavia and India so far, the U. N.
soldiers, all volunteers for the spe-
cial mission. are for the most part
young recruits only partially trained
for combat Their very lack of
militancy seemed to underline the
essentially moral character of their
role.
AS the week ended there were
indications that the composition OF
the U. N. force, for the present at
least, would probably be limited to
the nations already represented.
U. N. Secretary General Dag Ham
marskjold, apparently acceding to
Egyptian objections, announced
that the force now in Egypt was
balanced" geographically and
ideologically. Units from Canada,
New Zealand and Pakistan, orig
inally scheduled to be among the
first contingentS sent to Suez, were
told their services were not now
required.
Although the harraSsed secretary
general did not say so, delegates at
the U. N. reported that Egypt's
President Canal Abdel Nasser had
barred the units in question be-
cause Of their ties with the West.
More than that, informed sources
said, Col. Nasser's government was
not convinced that troops from
these pro-WeStern nations would
leave Egypt once the emergency is
considered past.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25
THE NATIONAL SCENE
A Legal Checkmate for Costly Strike

President Eisenhower tarried on
his way to church THANKSGIVING
morning long enough to intervene
in the week-old longshoremen's
strike, which was costing the SEN
sitive American economy about $40
million a day. 1t was President
Eisenhower's second use of the
emergency provisions Of the Taft
Hartley law against the stevedores.
The action set in motion a series
of steps that is expected to send
10000 strikers back to work by
tomorrow in cities from Boston
south of Galveston. Yesterday, the
President obtained an injunction
against the strikers in New York.
The Taft Hartley law. which was
last used by Mr.. Eisenhower against
striking Atomic Energy Commission
workers in 1854, provides for an
80-day cooling of" period, during
which disputants are expected to
settle their differences. When it
was applied against the lockers
three years ago they resumed their
strike at the end of the period but
settled it shortly thereafter.
The strike already is estimated
to have cost $3.50 million, the ship
~ping industry being hardest hit.
Loaded vessels, some holding per-
ishable goods, lay idle at piers in
more than 20 Atlantic and Gulf
Coast ports.
Export companies were caught
sh0rJ financially as letters OF credit
expired Thousands of railway
freight cars were tied UP in yards
near the docks. Foreign ship mas
tiers we're sailing back home with
the cargoes they started out with.
The sugar industry was especially
hard hit. with some refineries cur
failing operations as the supply OF
raw sugar dwindled.
Only the airlines carrying freight
into the Caribbean area were
profitins.
Court Bons One Issue
The area OF dispute was narrowed
considerably on Wednesday when q
Federal Court. at the behest OF the
New York Shipping Association, re-
moved one issue by ordering the
union. the independent Internal
tlonal Longshoremen's Association.
70 drop is demand that the New
YORK group negotiate an agree
men. covering all East and Gulf
Coast ports.
But the issues still remaining
we're formidable.
The union was standing BY its
demand for a limit on the size OF
the load that may be lifted from
the pier TO the ships hold by cargo
net sings The lila insists that its
only consideration on this point
u safety. But ship owners do not
believe the fact that smaller Ihns
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

ficultieS to be overcome in the oil
supply crisis. The oil sufficient to
make up the deficiency in Western
Europe is available here, officials
admitted; the challenge was in find
ing sufficient tanker capacity to
move it.
And even If the Egyptian sit
uation were to be finally settled
overnight. the oil shortage would
be certain to continue until the
wrecks and distractions in the
Suez Canal estimated at no fewer
than 49, were removed and the
waterway again open for naviga-
ton. That colossal job, which Mr..
Hammarskjold has indicated the
U. N. would essay, is expected to
cost more than $40 million and
take from four months to a year
to accomplish.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25
The Troops Arrive

The United Nations Emergency
Forces in Egypt gathered strength
daily as big four-engined trans
ports of Sthe Swiss commercial air.
line "Swissair" landed at the Abu
Suweir air base. The airfleld, a
former British installation now
operated by Egypt. has been serv-
ing as the staging area from which
the U N forces are dispatched to
stations in the canal zone.
There was little about the q. N.
troops TO suggest they could eff
fectively use force in the settle
ment Of the Middle East crisis.
The multinationsl soldiers, armed
only with rifles. machine guns and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

side since Col. NasSer nationalized
the Suez Canal last July 26, plans
three-week rest trip to the West
Indian island of Jamaica.
The announcement of the Prime
Minister'S probably prolonged alb
sence from No. 10 Downing Street
spanked rumors of impending polit-
ical developments. Most prominent
Of the unverified reports were those
involving a possible massive re-
volt" of right-wing elements of the
Conservative Party, sngered at
what they consider Sir Anthony's
vacillation in Egypt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25

Tenn. to voice his approval of
local resistance to school integra-
ton. was found not guilty of inclt-
ing the rioting that followed his
appearance there.
AS the verdict was delivered, the
situation that started it all no
longer existed. for in Clinton,
Negro and white children had for
weeks been attending classes in the
same room.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-11-25
REVIEW OF THE WEEK
Acid Test Of the Worlds SeIf-Contro|

The world communityS ability to keep order by coopera-
Tive action undergoing its SeveeSt test last week in Egypt
On the success or failure the United Nations effort to bring
peace with justice to the Middle East rested the future of col
ectye moves to quench brshe crises before they become
conflagratonS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-26
SHIP

Continued From First Page
surfacing through the ice when
desired would be equally easy, he
believes. The craft would rise to
the undersurface of the ice and
by means of available electronic
devices. melt its way through
More specifically. for an aircraft
carrier, a hole could be melted
large enough for an elevator to
lift the planes to the surface.
Present navigation in Arctic
and Antarctic requires super
powerful ice breakers which slash
and hammer their way through
packs as much as 20 feet thick
There have been proposals for an
ice breaker equipped with cleo
tronic apparatus which could
melt the ice in its path. Thus
the ice-breaker cuts a path fol-
the less powerful, thin skinned
ships which follow it. Sometimes
such a path may extend 80 to 40
miles.
Says It's Absurd
This seems absurd, Sir Hubert
says, when there is always open
water within SO feet-straight
down.
Admittedly an enormous
amount of marine engineering
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-26

would be required to construct
a ship of any sort which would
meet the specifications. Doubt
less many specialized problems
would arise. But the general idea
probably would remain un-
changed, says one of the most
imaginative and enterprizing of
all explorers. most of whose ideas
in the past have proved highly
practical.
Sir Hubert has done much in
designing equipment to be used
by the American scientists who
will occupy seven stations in
the Antarctic during the forth
coming international Geophysi-
cal Year. Few men living have
had greater experience in ways
of meeting extreme cold and,
especially. in problems Of Ant
arctic exploration.
He himself, he points out, pro-
posed much the same program
i'm 1922. just after his second
Antarctic trip. in a communica-
ton to the Royal Meteorological
Society. He proposed II scien-
tific observing stations, seven on
the continental coast and five
on sub-Antarctic islands. to be
served by three supply ships
from South America, Australia
and South Africa. The object
would have been to observe the
movement of air masses across
the continent and over the
south polar seas. These are be-
lieved to constitute a major ele-
ment in the whole worlds
weather.
Extends Idea
The idea of an observation
post on a tabular berg is an
extension of his original idea.
Some of these bergs are almost
Subcontinents of ice. During the
High Jump expedition in the
winter of 1947 the flagship
Mount Olympus passed one such
floating mass which. it was cal
culated. was about the size of
1 Delaware. Sir Hubert himself
sailed past one 100 miles long
and 20 miles wide.
With such station, he says,
| it would be possible to determine
the extent of the great ice pack
in winter. This now is COM
pletely unknown. No ships ever
nave entered it, except during
the Southern Hemisphere sum-
mer.
A second objective would be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-26

to determine how far to seal
extend the terrific winds blowing
across the continent from the
South Pole. Winds as high as
$50 miles an hour have been
reported. especially by the Aus
tralian explorer, Sir Douglas
Mawson.
Cut Steps in Ice
A tabular berg extends about
100 feet out of the water. Under
Sir Hubert's plan the first job
of the occupying party would be
to cut steps down to the waters
edge for the purpose of landing
supplies and for escape if neces-
sary. Nobody knows when such
a berg might break up or even
capsize, but there would be suf-
f1cient warning for the occupa-
ton party to launch boats and
escape to the pack ice which
always would be found within
a few hundred yards.
There always would be open
water. Such a berg drives
throug pack ice with the force
of hundred ice breakers,
always leaving an open water
path in its wake. Hours are re-
Iquired for this path to close.
But, Sir Hubert says, there is
little likelihood of disaster. In
1922 a Norwegian whaler cap
sized and its crew of 81 escaped
to a tabular berg by swimming
about 200 yards. They had no
equipment whatsoever. Their
clothing was wet through and
soon became solid ice around
them. Fortunately the berg. as
are many others. was inhabited
by a flock of gentoo penguins.
The men were able to survive for
I23 days until they were rescued
by wringing the necks of these
lpenguins, eating their raw flesh,
and drinking their blood.
Made Beds
From the penguin skins and
feathers they made beds insu-
lated from the ice. The same
scheme, Sir Hubert points out,
was used by the Swedish ex-
Iplorer Nordenskold at Point
Hope, near the tip of the Palmer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-26
POLISH UNIONS
GET SHAKEUP
. TOP RANKS

BERLIN (P).-Poland DIS
new independent-minded re-
gime today began a drastic
shakeup of the top hierarchy
of the Polish trade union
movement, a report pub
lished here said.
The official East German
news agency Adm said that
the powerful Central Coun-
Gil of the Polish unions has
decided to resign.
The council has been un-
der fire since the Poznan
worker revolt of June %.
The Communist agency said
the decision to resign came
after a meeting in Warsaw
of trade union officials from
all over the country.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-26
Hungary Revolt Spreads;
Troops Open Drive

Moscow for withdrawal of all
Soviet troops from Hungary
and to give the people new
deal in all sectors of the ma
tional life If the rebellion were
ended.
But a special correspondent of
the Yugoslay Communist news
paper Borba who entered Buda-
pest yesterday sent word back
that tanks seemed to be taking
aim at every house" and yet
could not be said to be COM
the situation
He said he passed number
less columns of tanks" on his
way TO the capital and met
schoolchildren demonstrating at
Szeged.
Budapest broadcasts warned
people to stay off the streets
most of the day.
It added:
Anyone found bearing arms
will be shot" apparently with
out the formality Of even a
summary court-martial.
Blood Donors Sought
The Central Committee of the
Hungarian Communist Party
was said to have met and to
have ordered the complete
smashing of the revolt by mass
assault.
Later, the radio urgently ap-
pealed for blood donors, and
called for all doctors, nurses and
hospital attendants to report for
emergency service. The radio
began repeating these calls every
10 minutes.
Another broadcast, directed to
HUNGARIAN soldiers, pleaded:
stick to the government
Don't let anybody subvert you to
deSSrJlOn. PledSe nelp clear our
streets.
1t declared there was nc
sense in fighting further" now
that Stalinist Ernoe Geroe had
been removed as leader of the
Communist Party and a new ses-
sion of Parliament promised by
Premier Macy to adopt reforms
and raise living standards.
One broadcast was even d.
rected to "old Communists" urg-
ing them to TRY to influence the
youths and tell them that what
ever you justly demand will be
given to YOU"