Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1956-10-07
By EARL H. VOSS

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y-There
is definite mood of optimism in
the American delegation as the 81
power United Nations conference
to set up an atoms-for-peace
agency goes into its second phase
here.
Officially the optimism is guard
ed" Unoficially. however, there
is feeling close to exultation.
If things go according to present
schedule. the final negotiating
stage on a draft statute will be
completed in less than three weeks.
Tentative plans call for the statute
initiating ceremony October Is
or &c.
President Eisenhower could then
take few well-timed prediction
bows for having brought to reality
his December 8, 1858, vision of a
worldwide atoms-for- peace agen-
cy. And the U. N. could have some
thing more to look forward to in
celebrating this years United Ma
tons Day on october "a.
Hitches could develop. of course.
Ambassador James j. Wadsworth,
who heads the United States dele
cation. emphasizes that the out
come is still far from cut and
dried. But differences seem to be
within manageable proportions.
The nations involved have already
given tentative approval to the
establishment of an agency to sac
celerate and enlarge" atomic en-
ergy's contributions to world peace
and prosperity.
Brood Areas Of Agreement
One of the remarkable aspects
of the whole atoms-for- peace effort
has been the broad area of agree
ment that has been achieved in
the past year, after earlier disap-
pointments.
Even the Soviet Union now
agrees with the central idea. that
the atomic "have nations" should
provide atomic materials and know
how to the atomic "have nots."
The principle that fashionable
materials supplied must not be
diverted to military uses is also
widely accepted.
But the means to insure that all
materials will be confined to peace
full uses are still in dispute. Ade-
quate safeguards would probably
involve some surrender of sover-
eighty. And some countries would
have to surrender more sovereignty
than others.
The problem is to keep track of
the plutonium -products-ke in
gradients Of atomic bombs-pro-
duced in atomic power plants.
Britain, the Soviet Union and the
United States, the nuclear Big
Three, want to make sure none of
the fashionable material they make
available to the have-not powers
goes into the making of military
weapons.
The draft statute now provides
that the new IAEA would be given
inspection rights in recipient
countries and that depleted fission-
able material would be returned TO
supplier nations for regeneration.
India Objects
India objects to both provisions.
Inspection rights should be granted
in all countries, she says, not lust
in the recipient have not" nations.
India also doubts the effectiveness
OF inspection. Once a nation learns
the technique of refining uranium,
she can as a sovereign state produce
her own plutonium outside U. N.
agency channels. 1t is pointed out.
The United States believes. now
ever, that the separation process is
now so costly that few If any ma
tons would want TO go into the
weapons-grade production.
Requiring the return Of fashionable
material. India complains. gives
supplier nations economic leverage
on the have not powers. The
materials ought TO be provided on a
no-strings-attached basis, she be-
lieves.
The United States supports the
statute as now drafted, with its I'M
even distribution Of sovereignty
losses. The Soviet Union. as usual.
is trying TO have IL both ways.
As a have" poher she is believed