davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-05-29
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
like the FBI and police, it does
not detect illegal acts or plans
for illegal acts. It screens all per-
sons beforehand in an attempt
to eliminate anyone who might
under some circumstances COM
NIT such acts in the future. Five
major categories Of persons come
under the program:
/. The 3 million members of
the armed services.
2. The 10000 employees of the
Atomic Energy Commission and
its contractors.
3. The 100000 men at dock
side under the port security pro-
gram.
4. The 2.3 million employees of
the Federal Government.
S. Between 3 million and S
million workers in defense plants.
But since President Truman
inaugurated the Government
program in 1947. loyalty-security
tests have steadily overfiowed
into non-Government life. The
entertainment business, for ex-
ample, has an unofficial, unan-
nounced and usually denied sys-
TEN for clearing" public per-
sonalities and workers on secur-
ity grounds. The professions, no.
tably teaching, have adopted Sc
curity tests beyond basic allegi-
ance. Even the manual trades
have entered the field. ...
In Indiana. a boxer must take
an anti-Communist oath before
he can climb into the ring.
On a local government level,
some 100000 employees Of Il
States must be screened for 10y
alty-security as must thousands
OF municipal workers.
This has brought into exist
ence a small army of security
observation-disclosures and admin
istrators.
Other Units Get in Act
The FBI and Civil Service
Commission do most of the in
vestigating of Federal employees.
But eight other Federal agencies
also do security investigations.
To cover defense plants, the
armed services. for example,
maintain 164 regional Offices
with thousands of investigators
watching 10000 plants. But
these clear only the 100000 de-
tense workers with top classifl-
cation (secret and top secret).
The more than 8 million defense
workers with lowest clearance
(confidentiaD are investigated
by individual companies. This
work Is done by private detec-
lives.
The range Of knowledge, skill
and wisdom among security off,
GERS and investigators is enor-
nous. It runs from a minority Of
responsible and sophisticated
agents among the more carefully
selected and trained men, to
performances that can only be
described as ignorant.
As more and more persons
have been added to those who
must pass loyalty security
screening to hold their jobs, the
number Of grounds for exclud-
ing them has increased.
In 1941 the FBI was given
funds to investigate suspected
subversives among applicants for
government work, with warnings
not to question personal beliefs.
In 1912 the Civil Service Com
mission began screening out per-
sons already in government en-
ploy. In 1916 government work.
ers were made subject to firing
not only for known acts of dis
loyalty but for a reasonable
suspicion"
In 1947. after startling reve-
lations of successful Russian es-
pionage, President Truman
Evening star., 1955-05-29
Thai Premier in Rome

ROME, May 20 R.-Thailand
Premier Pibulsonggram arrived
in Rome today for 4-day oficial
visit. He was met at Ciampino
Airport by Premier Mario Scelba.
Evening star., 1955-05-29
Inlund Beach

CHIPLEY, Ga. - Robin Lake
Beach. near here, is the worlds
largest man-made inland white
sand beach.
Evening star., 1955-05-29

William Heffenger Assistant
messenger
F. Bartel June IL
Evening star., 1955-05-29

Tomorrow: In c o m p e { e n c e
plaques security programs.
released by North American Newspaper
Alliance)
Evening star., 1955-05-29

Give your kitchen new look" by replacing that old
fashioned grimy sink with a cleaning new American
area more storage area, and is SO easy to keep new
looking.
Evening star., 1955-05-29

The Research Division of the
Democratic National Committee,
Evening star., 1955-01-19
Eust Central Group
Joins March Of Dimes

/ The East Central Civic As
sociation last night presented
plans to campaign in its area
for the March Of Dimes, begin
ming January 81, from 7 to 8
pm.
Andrew r. Hillhouse, jr., urged
the group to support the opera
ton OF the Bakers Dozen Youth
Center at 1911 Fourth street
NV.
Frank B. Mckinney, president,
conducted the meeting in the
Scott-Montgomery School. AIS
p street NV.
Evening star., 1955-01-19
Doctor Here Charged
with Abortion After
Police Seize Records

A 46-year-old doctor was
charged with abortion late
yesterday after . raid on q home
in the 1000 block Of Ninth street
NV. where police seized q rec
ord book they said indicated at
least 800 Illegal operations had
been performed there.
According to Capt. Richard j.
FeIber, chief of the homicide
squad, the doctor was arrested
for allegedly acting as q refer
raj" agent. Capt. Felber iden-
tifDd him as DR.. Cary H. Free
man, q resident Of the unit
Fifty fourth street Sc. with
offices at 5127 Grant street NE.
The doctor. Capt. Felber said,
was picked up at his Office late
yesterday. DR.. Freeman is free
on bond. according to police.
Second Doctor Suspected.
Capt. Felber added police
would confer with the u. s..
Attorneys Office to determine
whether a second doctor would
be arrested in connection with
the raid.
Also arrested on abortion
charges was q woman. identifled
by police as Mrs. Virginia Me-
Allister, 4S. colored, arrested yes
terday while leaving the rear door
of the house as the raid was in
progress.
Capt. Felber said today the
woman had made frequent trips
to New York. where she had
stopped at fashionable hotels. He
said he would send this informa-
tion to New York police who
might investigate her activities
In that area.
Reports Bring Action.
The case. according to the
captain, developed after a miss
ing persons report on q girl and
af11davit from another young
woman who became i'll and was
under treatment at Emergency
Hospital.
During yesterdays raid, Capt.
Felber said 19-year-old colored
girl was found unclothed on a
bed next to what Capt. Felber
described as operating equip
ment.
Evening star., 1955-01-19
Press Gallery Committee Names Walsh. Munroe

holdover members of the i've
man committee. and Mr.. Walsh
is one Of three new members
elected last week.
The other three members are
william F. Ptper Of the Booth
Newspapers. Jack Bell of Asso-
ciated Press and Leslie Carpen-
ter of Carpenters News Bureau.
Evening star., 1955-01-19

The Standing Committee Of
Correspondents in charge Of
Congressional press galleries has
elected Pat Munroe Of the Mum
roe News Bureau as chairman
and Robert K. Walsh of The
Star as secretary. for the ensuing
year.
Mr.. Munroe Is one Of the two
Evening star., 1955-01-19
Purdue cIub to Meet

The Purdue Club of WASH
ington win hear DR.. A. A. Potter.
dean emeritus Of Purdue Univer-
sity, at a Z pm. dinner tomor-
row in MAYORS Restaurant, 95i
Maine avenue S.W.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-12

1 ported cases. total cases consid.
cred to be polio. total non-para.
lytic and total paralytic In botf
areas were examined. Through
these stages of publication there
Is a progressive increase in the
percentage Of effectiveness dis
! played. No significant difference
was detected in the rates Of non-
paralytic poliomelitis in test and
control groups. However. when
these cases and those called NOT
polio are removed. so that only
paralytic cases remain. an esti-
mate Of 750f0 Of effectiveness is
obtained in the placebo areas,
and 620/0 in the observed adeas.
Next more detailed attention
was given 10 sthe effect of vac
cine with respect to clinical type
and extent Of paralysis. The
most striking effect was OBJ
served in bulbospinal disease.
perhaps because this character
istic clinical pattern is so readily
differentiated as being truly poll
iomyelitis. In this group, the
estimate OF effectiveness In
placebo control areas was 81 per
cent with lower limit Of 81 per
cent The effect noted In spinal
paralytic polio was less striking,
5000 with lower limit of
$500. In observed control
areas, these differences were
even less pronounced but still
highly significant.
A further refinement in anal
ysis was to consider the effect
of vaccine in patients from whom
poliomyelitis virus was isolated.
These furnish a higher degree
of confidence in diagnois. In
cases classified as spinal paralyt-
lie. the effectiveness was the same
In placebo and observed control
areas, 50 and $500, respec-
lively, and the corresponding
lower limits OF effect were IS
and ga respectively. Enforce
ment Of laboratory criteria for
diagnosis apparently eliminated
a substantial number of cases
which were less influenced by
vaccination, and, undoubtedly
among them. were many illnesses
which actually were not poliomy-
elitis. The effect in bulbo-spinal
polio, with laboratory confirma-
ton superimposed. was 81 per
cent in placebo control and so
per cent in observed control
areas.
The next step was to examine
the effect Of vaccine with ref
erence to the specific type of
poliomyelitis virus isolated. In
placebo control areas the effec-
tiveness was SO per cent against
type !. 10000 against type II
Significant at .05 leveD and
5000 against type Ill. This
clearly agrees with the previous
demonstrations that most lots
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-12

later group demonstrated . much
more striking preventive effect,
which becomes more distinct as
the severity Of the disease in
creases.
2. Study Of the polio attack
rate BY individual years Of age
in test and control groups serves
to confirm the other observations
on effectiveness. although in
Eplacebo control areas the differ
ence seen In 6-year-old children
was not 'statistically significant.
There appears to be a progress
siYe Increase In effect as age in
Hcreases. based on the limited date
and narrow age span included in
this study.
CD The poliomyelitis expert
ence in the study areas Of Mas
sachusetts and central New York
State Is subjected to detailed
analysis since the reported dis
ease In these areas was extremely
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-12

occurring up to the FIRST month
after incubation here again
there Is no evidence duplicating
vaccine as a source Of infection
Furthermore, study of the loca'
ton Of the paralysis failed II
demonstrate any localization o.
involvment to the left arm
where all injections were given
For the purpose Of measuring
the antigenic potency Of the va.
rious lots Of vaccine used. blood
samples were collected prior Il
vaccination. two weeks after the
third clinic and again Ave
months later from 40,88l chill.
dren go. Results from the
study OF sera from 5000 Of these
are now available for analysis
and served as the basis for clas-
styling lots Of vaccine into good
moderate. low moderate and poor
categories.
Wide Variation in Response
There was wide variation in
the response to various lots, as
used under field conditions. In
general. the response to Type i
polio virus was inferior to that
for Types IL and Ill.
Data from the study Of the
third bleeding are less complete
but indicate some persistence OF
antibodies 4 to S months after
completion Of the series of vac
citations. Some decline in anti
body liter was observed, particu-
larly in those children VACCINE
ated with so-called poor lots;
however, the levels in vaccinated
children persisted in being dis
tinctly higher than in the asso-
ciated control children.
The second problem in evalu-
alton was concerned with the
discovery and investigation of
all cases of poliomyolitis or sus-
pected poliomyelitis in the study
population. The various steps
in the investigation are dis
cussed at length in the report,
but consisted essentially in the
initial case report; clinical cpl
Neurological report; muscle eval-
uation by one of 81 especially
trained physical therapists 1920
days and SOTO days after onset
of illness; the review Of these
findings by clinical experts; and
the laboratory study of stool and
blood samples from the patient,
for the isolation of poliomyelitis
or other virus and the search for
poliomyelitis antibodies. An i'm
portant phase to all the above
studies and applying particularly
to the work Of the PIT and lab
oratories was the attempt to
standardize the procedures used
in all areas, so that the find
ings would be directly .compa-
rable in all segments of the study.
rigid criteria were estab-
lished for reaching the final
diagnosis. Each study case was
finally classified before the vac
status was revealed.
thus assuring unbiased interpre-
tation Of all data.
Results
The comparison Of the polio
meylitis attack rate in vaccinated
and control populations is pre-
sented through a sequence of
steps. each one attempting to
purify further the diagnosis. A
total of l,pl3 cases was reported
In the study population with on
set during the period two weeks
after the third vaccination clinic
to December 81, 1854. These are
classified I'M placebo control
areas as follows: 67.5 paralytic.
It's non-paralytic, "a doubtful,
rs not polio.
As a first step, the total re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-12

mild and doubt exists IS "a
whether many Of the illnesses
are due to poliomyelitis. OF the
a cases reported from Eassa-
chusetts polio VIRUS was recov-
cred from only three.
Unidentified. or so-called "or-
phan viruses' were recovered
from 81. A somewhat similar ex-
perience occurred In Central New
York State. In these areas the
effect Of vaccine was much re-
duced or diffictilt to detect The
role of the orphan" yiruses in
causing illness has not been
established and needs further
study.
90 The studies carried on In
Canada and Finland were limited
In scope and differed somewhat
in design. However. despite the
small number Of cases OF polio
myeitis occurring In study chill
dren, q significant preventive eff
See REPORT. Page AS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-12


plan during April. May and
June.
In placebo control areas ths
study. population First. second
and third grader included 749,.
236 children: 455,474 Cor 60.t
per cent?, requested participa.
ton; 200.745 (26.8 per cent?
received three injections Of
vaccine, and 20l ,229 t26.s
per cent? three injection.
of placebo, an Identical ma.
terial which. however, con-
tanned no poliomyelitis virus Of
monkey kidney protein. IN OBJ.
served control areas she study
population totaled 1880, $50 chill.
dren in the first three grades:
221 1893 second grade children
cos per cent of the totar re-
ceived three doses Of vaccine.
The first problem of evalua-
ton was that Of collecting and
verifying basic information on
each of the 1925. 1896 children in
the study population. These
data. which included the name,
address. age, sex, history Of
polio or other Gripping condi-
tions, participation status and
dates of vaccination, If any. for
each child, were transferred to
punch cards, and tables describe
ing the population were prepared
which would serve as the denom-
inators over which the discov-
cred cases Of polio would be
placed for the determination of
Polio attack rates in vaccinated
VS.. control and in other seq
ments Of the population. During
December, 1854. an interview
survey was conducted on 1.l00
study families in 10 States in
order to gain more insight into
the differences existing between
participants and nonpartici-
pants. This demonstrated differ
ences in income level. commun-
ity activity. health conveniences,
education level. ETC.. which in
turn assisted the center in de-
Gliding what control population
would be most useful. in the
observed control areas.
Safety Question Assessed
The question Of safety of the
vaccine was assessed through
specific studies of the cause and
extent of abSenteeism from
school following incubation in
Pittsburgh and Schenectady,
N, Y. The experience was iden-
tical in vaccinated and control
subjects and no significant re-
actions were observed.
From records obtained during
the clinic program, the following
distribution of minor reactions
was observed: Placebo control
areas-931 reactions or o. per
cent in vaccinated and 939 of O.4
per cent in those receiving
placebo. OF the so-called ''ma-
10" reactions, none Of which
could be clearly attributed to
incubation. 8 or 0.004 pre- cent
occurred in vaccinated and Is or
0.006 per cent in the placebo
control. These findings. plus
other data referred to in the
text. fail to implicate the vac
cine as a significant cause of
untoward reactions.
Also bearing on the question of
safety is the review Of 129 cases
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-12
SoIk Vaccine Report
Tells Of Test Success

ANN ARBOR, Mich, April
IL tR.-Follo,oing Is the teri
OF the report By DR.. Thomas
Ffancts. IT.. on the effective
ness of the Sdlk polio uacctne::
During the spring of 1854 ar
extensive field trial Of the
prophylactic effectiveness Of
formalin inactivated poliomyeli-
tbs vaccine, as developed by DR.
Jonas Salk and his associates
was initiated by the National
Foundation for Infantile Paral-
ysis. I'll
The poliomyelitis vaccine eval-
uaticn center was established at
the University of Michigan for
the purpose of impartially col
lating and analyzing data col
lected through the combined eff
forts of many thousands of
health department work er s.
practicing physicians. physical
therapists and laboratory people
scattered through the 2ll par
ticipating-study areas in A
States.
The study design was dictated
by both scientific and practical
considerations, necessary in q
project of such scope and de-
pendent on the good will and
abilities Of so many people OF
varying capacity. They involved
the organization and execution
OF the vaccination clinic pro-
gram. the maintenance of de-
tailed and accurate records, as
well as the thorough investiga-
ton. according to a detailed
plan.> of each reported case of
poliomyelitis in the area. Orig
inally, 1t was deemed impracti.
cal to establish a strict placebo
control experiment, with the
complex administrative problem
OF giving three injections in Sc
quence to each child, without
knowing the nature of the mate
rial being used. Thus, all States
were invited to participate on
the basis of administering vac
cine to volunteers in the second
grade of school. Later the poll
omyelitis incidence in these
children would be compared
with that in the uninoculated
first and third grade population.
This study plan had certain
scientific limitations, related
primarily to possible bias, at all
levels. in the followup of study
children. Obviously it was es-
sential that non-vaccinated
children be studied with the
same degree of care as the vac
cinated so that the discovery
and diagnosis Of cases of polio
myelitis in test and control
gorups would be strictly COM
parable. In order to achieve
such an impartial comparison it
was essential to introduce a
so-called placebo control study
into the existing plan. This type
Of study was carried out in "a
areas of II States signifying
the interest in doing so. In I27
areas Of 80 States the original,
or observed control, study was
carried out. The specific study
areas were selected because Of
their consistently high polio
myelitis incidence during the
past five years.
The tremendous clinic program,
was accomplished according to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-12

sested that vaccination was 80
30 per cent effective against
parslytic poliomyelitis, that Il
was so to 70 per cent effective
against disease caused BY Type
virus and 80 per cent or more
effective against that Of Type
II and Type III virus. The esti-
mate would be more secure had
larger number Of cases been
available.
!. Other Studies
Several supplemental analysis
are presented in the body Of the
report. which have bearing on
eyaluation and are mentioned
briefly here.
/. The effectiveness Of vaccine
In preventing cases Of poliomyeli-
tbs classified by extent Of paral-
ysis on the basis OF the first
muscle examination was COM
pared with that. based On the
second muscle examination,
which In essence. measured the
extent Of residual paralysis. This
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-12

GLIDDEN WELCOMES ARLENE FRANCIS
AND NBc HOME SHOW WASHINGTON, WEEK OF APRIL 18th
MONDAY THRU FRIDAY, II AM 70 NOON WRcTv CHANNEL
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1955-10-28
ST. JOHNS EVANGELICAL
LUTHERAN CHURCH
East second at Walnut
Lawrence IT. RuRh, Pastor

Reformation sunday, Oct. 30, 1855
9:15 am. Church School.
1890 am. Morning Woship. Ser
mon: An Evangelical Church"
1890 pm. Potluck dinner with
Zion Lutheran Church, West Jeffer-
son.
900 Adult Instruction Glass.
400 All Lutheran Reformation
Rally, Veterans Memorial Building,
Colum bus.
csc Luther League.
Decorating for Halloween Party.
Monday
1880 pm. Halloween Party for
Church School and Luther League.
Wednesday
600 pm. Pastors Aid Society pot
luck supper and meeting. November
Saturday
CHIMES published.
900 am. First Year Confirmation
class.
1000 m. Second Year Confirma-
tion class.
200 pm. Junior choir rehearsal.
$50 pm. Senior choir rehearsal.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1955-10-28

metal can be used. Isolated cribs
can be protected by lining the floor
if ii is not made of concrete, and
hardware cloth can be extended g
feet up the sides. Above this lining
place continuous II to Is inch
band of sheet metal If leaders or
stacks of materials are left against
the crib the rats viii climb above
the rat proofing. Cribs attached TO
another building should be COM
pletely enclosed in wire mesh.
For a new crib Davis suggests
sinking footers for foundations 3
feet into the ground, and extend
ing smooth, concrete walls 2 feet
above the ground. He says wood
slated new cribs should receive the
hardware cloth and he recommends
smooth metal treatment for old
cribs. Wood-f -floored cribs should
be built upon piers that give q.
foot clearance above the ground
Piers should be encased in sheet
metal or topped by metal fianges
extending 8 inches from the post.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1955-10-28
New Variety OF
Alfalfa Promising


Ohio farmers may be hearing a
lot about a new, wilt-resistant al
falfa variety within a few years 1t
is Vernal, a variety which has
shown considerable promise in re-
cent tests.
John L. Parsons, agronomist at
the Ohio Agricultural Experiment
Station, Wooster, reported on the
performance of Vernal alfalfa at a
recent meeting in Columbus of rep
resentatives of the Certified Alfalfa
Seed Council, Ohio farmers, seed
men and research and extension
personnel.
Parsons said it still is too early
to recommend Vernal, but if it con-
tinues to live up to its present per-
formance it may be recommended
later In tests at Wooster and at
the Northwestern substation this
year hay yields of Vernal were
higher, although not significantly
so, than Ranger, atlantic and Buff
falo, the three varieties now recon-
mended for Ohio. Vernal has a
higher degree of winter hardness
than any Of these three varieties.
David Beard of the forage and
range division of the u S. Depart
ment Of Agriculture, told the group
in Columbus the development and
release of new & improved alfalfa
varieties has spread use of this le-
gume over wide, new areas of the
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1955-10-28
Rat-Proofing Of
Farm BUILDINGS

Each rat on the farm will eat
about $40 worth of stored grain
this winter, but an investment of
10 cents can prevent this damage,
according to r. K. Davis, extern
sion wildlife conservationist at
Ohio State University.
Davis urges Ohio farmers to pro-
tect their 1855 corn crop from rat
damage now. This is the season
when the rodents normally move
from the fields to farm buildings.
The rat menace may be reduced by
picking up trash and stacking lum-
Der II to 18 inches off the ground.
Burrows may be gassed with cal
cium cyanide and farmers should
keep up continuous poisoning with
warfarin bats, Davis advises. He
points out that the use of warfarin
will reduce rat populations, but it
is only a temporary control unless
rat-proofing measures are taken.
In rat-proofing corn cribs such
materials as hardware cloth of u
inch mesh and galvanized sheet