davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11
STYLE SHOW

More than 500 were in attend
ance when the Elmore Study Club
sponsored its annual style show at
the Harris-Elmore school auditor
ium Thursday evening. The fash
ions by Joseph's we're described
by commentators Frank Schwartz
of WFRO and Mrs. George Bran
dow. Mrs. George Summers club
president welcomed the audience.
Mrs. Ted Reynolds was in Charge
of tickets and publicity. Mrs. Bran
dow and Mrs. Richard Myers were
co-chairmen for the affair.
The stage, which was attractive
ly different for the three scenes,
was beautifully decorated under
the capable and talented supervi-
sion of Mrs. Albert Pickard, stage
supervisor.
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11
SHOWER GIVEN

A dinner and shower at the Jai
Lai Club Thursday honored Mrs.
Leroy Brady, Danbury, the former
Adeline RAFT, who was presented a
lovely gift from the group as well
as individual gifts A stork center
piece adorned the table for the
seven o'clock dinner, and after
wards the group attended the Clin-
ton theater. Hostess group includ-
ed members of the Ohio Edison
girls sorority. and covers were ar
ranged for Mrs. Brady, Gertrude
Babcock, Shirley Sharp, Shirley
Smith, Anne Kihlken, Ann Rounds,
and Gay Boyle
.. Of A. 80.
Ottawa County Council No. 244,
met in Carpenters Hall Thursday
night. and made plans for Party
Night, March II at which hosteSseS
will be Gale Shively, Mildred Warn
ke, and Laurabelle Nicholson.
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11
HAS COUPLES CLUB

Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Snyder en-
tertained their couples club Satur-
day evening. High north-south
were William Smith and Ralph
Snyder and high east-weSt were
Mrs. Snyder and Ed Norris. Mr..
and Mrs. Kenneth Young were
substitute players. In two weeks
the club will meet at the home of
DR.. and Mrs. Cyrus Wood.
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11
STUDY CLUB MEETS

Our Lady of Fatima Study Club
met Tuesday evening at the home
of Mrs. William Anderson with
Mrs. Wilbur Ahrens as co-hostess.
Rail call was "Favorite Prayer.
On the program Mrs. Patrick
Hughes had the Mass and Mrs.
Burton Below ''The Lady of Fa-
TINA.
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11
PINocHLE CLUB ENTERTAINED

The Sunday night Pinochle Club
met at the home of Mr.. and Mrs.
Emil Parker March 9th. Mr.. and
Mrs. Norval Bergman and Mr.. and
Mrs. Richard Davenport were ad-
ditional guests. High score for
the women went to Mrs. Wads-
worth and low to Mrs. Kenneth
Owen. Dick Cooper had high score
for the men and Norval Bergman
low.
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11
BIRTHDAY PARTY

Richey Budd, son of sheriff and
Mrs. Merlan Budd, celebrated his
fourth birthday anniversary Satur-
day with party at which his
guests were Christy Payne, Kathy
Budd, Vicki Fowler, Sandy and
Donny Wolf, John Bredbeck, Alex
Thurocy, John Lewis of Genoa,
Jeff Davids, and Kathy Ellenberg-
er. A circus-decorated birthday
cake marked refreshment service
following an afternoon of games.
II was Richey's second birthday
celebration, since Friday he Joined
clerk of courts Velma Sauvey for
the birthday cake which is a ira
dition at the courthouse when any
one in county office celebrates
an anniversary.
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11
FAREWELL PARTY

The Choir of the Methodist
church gave a farewell potluck
dinner for Mr.. and Mrs. Tom Sut-
ton who are leaving soon to make
their home in Fostoria. Mr.. Sutton
was presented with a gift. Mr.. and
Mrs. Carl Whitacre from Shelby
attended the dinner. He was the
former choir director at the Metho-
dist Church.
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11
CAMERA. CLUB

The Camera Club will meet Sun
day at 200 pm. March 18th at
Carpenters Hall on Jefferson-st.
The program will be on taking
pictures of table top settings. Each
member should bring a camera.
Anyone interested is invited to at
te6nd. Light refreshments will be
served.
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11
COUPLES CLUB MEETS

Sunday evening couples club
met at the home of Mr.. and Mrs.
Kenneth Young. High score went
to Mr.. and Mrs. Keith MoE1gom-
cry. Mr.. and Mrs. Clarence Street
er will have the group on March
10th.
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11
SoRosIS MEETS

Sorosis met at the home of Mrs.
Fred Cough Friday. Roll call was
Famous Romances" by Mrs.
Christ Williamson and New Or
leans Holiday" by Mrs. Velma Sau-
vey. A dinner followed the meet
ing.
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11
HAVE GUESTS

Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Snyder en-
tertained number of guests Mon
day night for a color television
showing of Peter Pan," starring
Mary Martin. The gathering was
held at their Maytag store.
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11
CLUB MEETS

Mr.. and Mrs. Richard Semon en-
tertained their couples club Fri.
day evening. Substitutes were Mr..
and Mrs Jack Ley. William Myers
and Mr.. and Mrs. Ley were tied
for high score. The club finished
a round with Mrs. Lee Bracken
winning. The Myers will enter
tain the club in two weeks.
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11
ERIE TOWNSHIP ITEMS
ERIE TOWNSHIP ITEMS
LaCarne Newswriter Spots
Seasons First Robin
By MRS. CLIFFORD SNIDER

Perhaps the signs of spring little premature last
week. but nice, fat robin Tuesday and Mr. and Mrs.
A. E. Zoschke Mr. and Mrs. VIM Karshuk and Norma, and
Mr.. and Mrs. NJ E. Lange returned from vacation in the
sunny south
Mr.. and Mrs. Glen Williams and Douglas week end
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11
HAS CLUB

Mrs. T. K. Tadsen was hostess
to her bridge club Tuesday High
score was held by Mrs. Louella
Satterfied and Mrs. Agnes Bene-
dict had low. Mrs. Ralph Wede-
kind will have the club in two
weeks.
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11
BRIDGE CLUB MEETS

Mrs. Herbert Coon entertained
her bridge club Thursday. Mrs.
Christ Williamson will be the next
hostess On March 18th.
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11
p. {. O. MEETING

A luncheon at the Island House
will precede the meeting of P. E
o. March 18th at the home of Mrs.
Jack Ley.
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11
Wedding In Florida Unites Barbara Ann
Brown To lanes Edward Tester, us. Nav

popular Port Clinton girl who is spending the winter
Florida married there Feb % She is Barbara Ann
Brown, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Everett Brown of W.
Trd-st, who at Gulf Cove Trailer Park at Myers
Beach.
Barbara became the bride of James Edward Tester US
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11

Mrs. Margaret Murphy enter
tanned her bridge club Tuesday
evening. Mrs. Clarence Streeter
had the high score, Mrs. Stephen
Trenshaw second and Mrs. Robert
Kreilick third. The club meets in
one month at the home of Mrs.
TrenShaW.
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11
DAV AUXILIARY MEETS

DAV Auxiliary % will meet at
the American Legion home Mon
day, March 14th at PM.
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1955-03-11

W
ADAMS FIRST DAY WAS
THE LONGEST-No EVE.
THESE NEW CARS ARE so
SNAZZY THAT INSTEAD
OF THE MOTOR PuRRiNC,
1T SNEERS ARE YOU
INTERESTED IN LIFE TO
YOUR YEARS, RATHER
THAN YEARS TO YOUR
LIFE? HELP OUT ON THE
SCOUTING PROGRAM.
If SHE doesn't melt in your
arms, bud, maybe you amt
so hot-or maybe you need
one of Sans snazZy sport
jackets.
NEW LOOK. WITH GAY
EASTER EGG coLoRS IN
MEMS WEAR THIS SPRING,
IT'S PROPER FOR SANS TO
PAINT THE WALLS CHER
OKE RED, WHITE CEILING,
AND GRAY WOODWORK.
LOOKS GOOD; COME IN
AND SEE 1T.
FINANCIAL PAINS are bad
if they reach down as far as
the pocketbook Why
don't you save 15@6 to 500
on good shoes at Sans?
(Spring shipments are in).
WHEN YOU SEE BALL
BAND JET TENNIS SHOES
ADVERTISED NEXT WEEK
ON WSPD-TV, REMEMBER
THEY ARE SOLD IN oTTA-
WA CO.. AT SANS.
ORION Sweaters for young
men have been big sellers at
Sans. (where you save a
buck on 'em). Now you can
get the small boys the same
thing in high shades for
several dollars less.
+ y #
OUR SINCERE coNGRATu-
LATiONS TO JUEL REED
COVER FOR THE NATION
AL RECOGNITION SHE RE.
cEIvED THIS WEEK OVER
TV
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-08-19
" Or DS

A Coop News Service Feature
Words are fearful-afd also won
derful-vehicles.
They can be used to carry beautiful
or practical or important ideas from
one person to another. They can also
be used to deceive, to curse, to bias
! pheme, or to arouse passion.
Words can convey information and
create understanding. They can also
be used to develop utterly unreason-
able prejudice against human insti-
buttons without which human civil
cation as we know it could not exist.
Take private enterprise" for ex-
ample. To some people it means cour-
ageous risk-taking by bold, dynamic
individuals bent on increasing without
limit the production and flow of
goods and services to their fellow
members of society. To others it
means the right of gigantic combina-
lions of capital and established eco
nomic might to slam the door in the
face of all competitors-and then to
complain if government proposes in
any way to curb their inordinate and
unhealthy power.
Or take public ownership" Some
people hearing these words think of
electric power rates cut in half, or of
the remarkable service rendered by
the United States Post Office, or of
the conservation and Development
for the benefit of their children-of
the natural resources given by God
to all the people. But other people
bristle at the very words To them
public ownership" means socialism,
and socialism means communism. To
them public ownership is the death
of private ownership, the end of
dynamism in the economy, the con-
troll of the people by someone called
a "bureaucrat."
"Co-operation" to those who |
really know it-means opportunity |
for people to act together in mutual
aid and, without reliance on govern
nent, to solve their problems directly
by their own efforts. Other people
have been taught, cleverly, to react to
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-08-19

the word cooperative" with the
thought ''tax-dodger." They even
think that co-operatives are an oppo-
site to private ownership, despite the
fact that they have made three times
as many families into owners of pri-
vate businesses as have all the corpo-
rations put together.
What these tense times desperately
need is a little common sense. We
need a common sense understanding
of the fact that free nation is and
always must be nation with differ
ent kinds of institutions, different
methods of organizing people, getting
work done, solving problems. We need
common sense understanding that
the only way to have free economy
is to have a mixed economy.
The only way to have a dynamic,
growing economy is to have profit
making private enterprise, and non
profit or cooperative private enter
prise and public ownership all COM
peting with each other to see which
one can serve the people best in any
given field or situation.
We need to "grow up" in other
words. We need to quit trying to
carry on economic competition by
name-calling.
The simple fact is that in some
parts of our economic life the only
sensible, decent method to use in
getting essential services to the peo-
Pile is public ownership. Another
simple fact is that in most of the
economy competitive private enter
prise is more dynamic than either
public ownership can be or private
will be. A third simple fact
IS that the right and opportunity of
groups of people, without prejudice
against them, to risk their capital |
n cooperative enterprises is the
,est single proof that freedom exists
n nation, and also the best guaran-
ee that its economic activities will
e geared to serve the peoples needs. !
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-08-19
Says Leon Keyserling
INEPT POLICIES, NOT SURPRISES,
CAUSE farmers PLIGHT

COLUMBIA, Missouri-(C NS)-
Wrong, late and futile" farm poll
cies are responsible "for the beating
the U. S. farmer is taking" not in
efficiency nor SURPRISES, ex-President
Truman's top economist told Missouri
Farmers Associations annual meet
ing here, August $40. Leon H. Key
serling said farm SURPRISES shave
been much smaller" than in the rest
of the economy.
Farm output exceeded consump-
ton by only 42e in 1853 and go in
1854. But during the worst IL months
of the 1953-54 recession, the labor
surplus was 71a9o. Steel and auto
SURPRISES, represented by idle plant
capacity, rose to 3Oqo and 1870, re-
specttively."
Keyserling pointed out that farm
income dropped 20ao since 1947 while
national income increased $40. "This
isn't due just to declining farm popu-=
lation," he said. Per capita farm in
come Slid from 1892 in 1851 to 1913
last year-down about 71a %-while
per capita non-farm income rose.
If national policy did one-tenth as
much to cushion the farmer as it has
done to cushion industry during (war-
time) conversion and reconversion,
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-08-19
CONGRESS AIMS AT HALTING
BANKING M0N0P0LIES

WASHINGTON, D. C.-(CNS)-
The nations bankers may find it more
difficult after the 84th Congress to
gain monopoly position. Congress
is considering two steps.
First, to block bank mergers where
they would hinder competition; and
Second, to set up tight rules for
bank holding companies.
A holding company holds stock in
operating enterprises-enough stock
to control each of them. In 1885,
Congress put utility holding COM
panies under strict control. Now the
House has decided to do the same for
bank holding companies. A Senate
committee has been considering the
bill.
The bill defines a bank holding
company as one that controls $50 or
more of the stock in two or more
banks. Under the bill, they must sell
any stock they own in non-banking
flrms-insurance companies, real es-
tate operations, investment schemes.
and so forth. They have at least two
years to do this-five years. if the
Federal Reserve Board thinks it's
necessary.
The bill also prohibits bank hold
ng companies from expanding. They
are forbidden to enter any new areas.
And they can't acquire control of
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-08-19

the farmers services to his country
and to freedoms cause would not be
so bitterly unrewarded, Keyserling
said.
Oscar Heline, president of Farmers
Grain Dealers of Iowa, joined Key
serling in urging a public relations
campaign to make city folks aware
of farmers problems. eve are only
12-13% of the people, and farming
can probably suffer for some little
time before it has an impact on the
rest of the economy" he said.
The farm price-cost squeeze will
force several hundred thousand"
more farm families to the cities, MIA
President Fred V. Heinkel told the
meeting. "There is not now room for
them, and they'll try to take from city
jewellers the jobs they now hold he
said
BY resolution, MIA members urged
federal food stamps to deal directly
with the cause of farm SURPRISES. They
blamed the boxcar shortage at har-
vest time on Commodity Credit Cor
poration which, they said, waited
until harvest to order cars to move
its stored grain" This was "a man
made catastrophe"
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-08-19
FOOD AND RELATED
COMPANIES

Major food companies have also re-
ported high-level profits continuing
in 1866. Here are some of the most
recent statements by food and related
corporations closely linked with agri-
culture:
General Foods Corp. broke all pre-
vious records with a net profit after
taxes of s31, 100000 in the 12-month
period ending March 81, 1866. The
year before it Melted S27,913,482.
California Packing Co., largest can
ner in the u. S., announced net profits
after taxes of s8,868,00O in the II
months ending February 26, 1866.
This is the highest in four years and
compares with s6,676,211 the pre-
vious year.
Minute Maid Corp, which bought
Snow Crop juices from Clinton Foods
last year, had net profits after taxes
of s1,006,632 in the 6-month period
ending May L, 1866, a record high,
nearly skiold the S172,741 Melted in
the same period the previous year.
Libby, MeNeilI & Libby, Gamers,
announced net profits after taxes for
the fiscal year ending May %, 1866
of slightly more than S. million"
as compared with Sd, ,967 the pre-
vious year. ''The outlook for the COM
ing year is good" Charles S. Bridges,
president, told stockholders.
First National Stores, Inc, food
chain, reported record high for net
profits after taxes of $7,968,619 in
the fiscal year ending April 2, 1855.
Last year its net amounted to &c.
1929.
r. j. Reynolds Tobacco Co., makers
of Camel cigarettes, reported net |
profits after taxes of $11, 428,000 in |
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-08-19
Corporate Profits Zoom As
Farm Income Keeps Dropping
BUSINESS MERGERS UP 2ooS

In the frenzied quest for maximum
profits, Big Business is trying to be-
come still bigger. The Federal Trade
Commission reported to Congress that
business mergers in 1854 were up
20O6 over 1949 and are nearing the
postwar high of 1946-47.
The largest number of mergers has
been taking place in the food and
non-electrical machinery industries.
The ETC says that 249 mergers &C.
Cured in the non-electrical machin-
cry industry and 243 in the food
products field during the 7-year peri
cd, 1948-54, and that these two in
dustries accounted for more than one
fourth of the total of 1,773 mergers
for all manufacturing and mining.
The 232-page "factuaP' report that
the ETC sent to Congress noted that
two-thirds of all mergers during this
7-year period have been by companies
with assets of 10 million or more
Edward F.. Howrey, ETC chairman,
termed the trend toward business
mergers since the Korean War livery
disturbing" but said any recommends
lions would have to wait until Con-
gress, the Justice Depart, and ETC
studied the problem further.
FARM PRICES SAG
Prices received by farmers have
continued to weaken. Owing chiefly
to lower prices for beef cattle, hogs,
milk, eggs, and some produce crops,
the u. S. Department of Agriculture's
general index of farm prices dropped
3 points in the 30-day period ending
in mid-May. 1t is down to 244, as
compared with the high of 13 in
Feb. 1851.
The parity ratio in mid-May con-
tinued at 81, the same as in mid-April,
but is down 29ae from the high of 1913
which prevailed in October 1916.
While pushing down prices paid to
he farmers, the big food companies
ire holding up retail food prices,
hereby shrinking the market avail
able for farm products. The effect
If this monopoly squeeze is to swell
he profits of the large professors.
.anners and distributors. However
t is also deepening the crisis IN agri-
ulture.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-08-19

any more banks in their present areas
unless the Federal Reserve Board
gives it okay.
William McChesney Martin, Fed
eral Reserve Board chairman, says
present law is entirely inadequate"
to deal with bank holding companies.
He went along with both major ideas.
The other bill-to block bank
mergers received thorough ar
ing in the House anti-monopoly sub
committee, headed by Congressman
Emanuel Celler (D-N. W. 1t would
apply the same antitrust rules TO
banks as now apply to other firms. IL
would prohibit bank from buying
the assets of another bank if TINS
would 'tend substantially to lessen
competition or tend toward monop-
oily"
Today, in each of the nations ID
largest financial centers, two banks
own 400 or more of all bank assets
In nine of these centers, two banks
own 500 or more.
Bank mergers are on the rise. Iney
totaled 100 in 1862, the largest mum
Der since 1889. They rose to ITO IN
1863, to 207 last year, and are ex-
pected to total $40 this year.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-08-19
Everything Else But Farming Is Enjoying
An AIl-Time Peak

Confirming what everybody already knows the recent
eminent report showing that while profits have
zOOmed 81 to al-time high agriculture
drag the economy to new lows.
Though experts have glowing facts their side to
contention that Americas has been
better the fact that important of life is
sick makes many people the u riding
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-08-19

the first three months of 1866 as
compared with $9,784,0 900 in the same
period last year.
National Tea Co. announced net
profits after taxes for the first quar-
ter of this year at S1,608,8 800 as COM
pared with S1,246,295 for the same
period last year. 1t forecast that the
upward trend would continue during
the second quarter of 1865.
American Can Co. set company
record on volume of sales during the
first quarter of this year, on which it
reported net profits after taxes of
SIS, 245,088. This compares with $5,-
1872, GOT during the same period of
last year.
FARM MACHINERY MAKERS
Even the farm machinery manufae-
turers, which laid off thousands of
workers as farm buying began to fall
off at the end of 1868, have shown
marked gains.
international Harvester Co., larg
est in the field, made net profits after
taxes of S23,431,0 900 in the 6-month
period ending April 80, 1865, a $3.50
increase over the $16,949,000 netted
in the same period a year ago.
Deere & Co. reported net profits
after taxes of SIS, 203,962 for the g.
month period ending April 80, 1855
as compared with $9,141,33O for the
same period year ago.
lis-Chalmers Manufacturing Co.
announced net profits after taxes of
s., 920,16 in the first quarter of 1855 |
as compared with s5,558,663 in the
same period year ago.
j. |. Case reported net profits after
taxes of S2,015,805 in the second |
quarter ending April 80, 1856 as COM
pared with $685., 429 in the same
period last year.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-08-19

q NAc At~A~s
The fact that corporations are en-
Toying bigger profits with less sales
the fact that more and more of our
money is being funnelled into the
hands OF fewer and fewer people
gives our high-riding economy top
heavy look.
You can't continue to drain off
bigger and bigger profits and keep
healthy economy. 1t makes 10 differ
enee how good" it looks at the mo-
ment-
From official reports here are some
of the profits as reported by major
corporations for the first quarter of
1855:
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-08-19
REPORTS OF BIGGEST
CORPORATIONS

u. s. Steel Corp, biggest steel pro-
Queer, announced that its profits in
the first three months of 1855 were
higher than in any other first quarter
in its history. Net profits after taxes
doomed to ST., 1852, 402 this quarter
as compared with s44, s30,376 in the
first quarter of 1854 and the previous
peak of SCI, 379,757 reached in the
first quarter of 1917
Bethlehem Steel Corp. also an
nounced a new all-time high in its
first quarter profits with net after
taxes of S35,313,262 in 1866 as COM
pared with. 27,SO2,938 for the same
period in 1854.
General Motors Corp. smashed all
previous records with net profit
after taxes of $500, 100000 in the
first quarter of 1866, the highest for
any three-menth period in its exist
ence During the same period of 1854
it cleared $3.50, 100000. The previous
s'high" was S273, 100000 in the sec
ond quarter of 1850.
The Aluminium Corp. of America
lulu SioShhoiuCAS eiisA1 10 nv PA Wills
after taxes amounting to S17,074, 167 |
in the first quarter of 1856 were the |
best in its history and more than
double the net of s8,372,105 rung up
during the same period in 1854.
E. /. du Point, big chemical corpo-
ration reported the highest profits for
any initial quarter in the 153-year
history of the company. Net profits |
after taxes were s93,736,360 in the |
first three months of 1866 as COM
pared with $685. PAS in the same
period of 1854. |
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-08-19

DEMAND THE UNION LABEL
Evening star., 1955-01-12
Cool First Mentioned
In Chino Before Christ

HONG KONG. - The first
known mention of coal in Chi
nese literature is found in the
writings Of a man who died in
122 BIC. /.
Large iron castings have been
found in China that were made
as early as 900 A.D.. and cast
iron coins that were made about
the first century BIC. They
were probably made by using
coal high in phosphorus content.