davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
Giants Give Howell
Two-Yeur Contract

NEW YORK. Dec. IA tP1.-The
New York Giants Of the National
Football League are pleased with
the work of Coach Jim Lee
Howell. and have given him a
new two-year contract.
John v. Mara. president of the
Giants, said last night Howell
did good job. and the Giants
came along well after a bad
start to be the hottest club in
the league"
This is the second two-year
contract for Howell. Al, former
Arkansas end. who succeeded
Steve Owens in December. 1858.
The Giants won six games, lost
five and tied the Cleveland
Browns. 1915, in their second
meeting of the 1855 schedule.
Mara declined to disclose con-
tract terms but it is believed
Howell's salary exceeds $4,000
per season,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
WINS IN LAST FIVE MINUTES
Marquette Has to Rally
In Wormup for Dons

night in Chicago, increased Its
winning streak to four games
last night by tripping Miami OF
Ohio. 7I-65. The Warriors had
to come from behind to do it.
/ The Dons were idle. But
North Carolina State. rated No
2. dubbed Clemson. 1o0-83, fol
its 18th straight victory and
fifth Of the season. And Du-
iquesne. No. 6. made it FIVE in
succession by routing st, Francis
pa. 63-48.
Illinois Beats Irish
In other games. George Wash
tingtcni defeated West Virginia,
I94-79. despite Hot Rod Humid
'ley's 40 points; Illinois beat
lNotce Dame, 1888: Bradley
Inipped Canisius. 1856. and
Michigan State trounced South
ern Illinois, 99-7l.
Marquette. which trailed I'M
It'll the final FIVE minutes, may
have been looking ahead to the
San Francisco game. At any
rate. the Warriors needed a
Jump shot from Sophomore Al
Avant to put them ahead $685.
And there they stayed.
/ We nope to give San Fran
cisco quite a game" JACK Nagle
Marquette coach. said Just be-
fore game time yesterday. This
has been the year for upsets
before the season scarcely has
started. Teams like Kentucky
Iowa and Indiana already have
been beaten"
! Phil Woopert, San Francisco
mentor, agreed the Dons are
stepping into the tough part
of our season. We're looking fol
all We can handle at Chicago
this week end"
| The DonS Warriors meeting
will be the opener of the De Paul
iinvitational tournament. The
winner will meet the survivor OF
the Duquesne-De Paul game.
The Dukes from Pittsburgh got
only Is points last night from
big 81 Green, who normally goes
over the 20 mark. But after
trailing. 1915, they moved out
in front TO stay on Mickey Vino
grads basket. Duquesne led a,
halftime. 34-25.
! N. c. State. capitalizing on the
fine shooting and fancy floor
work of Guards Vic Molodet and
Phil Dinardo. jumped into a Sc
lead over Clemson and breezed
home. Everett Case, State coach
used his reserves literally.
/ Illinois point total was the
largest ever made against Notre
Dame in the 81 Irish basketball
seasons. The Illini got hot in
the second half. hitting on Is
of 80 shots.
/ Barney Gable paced the Brad
ley attack with Is points and
set a school record with % re-
bounds. Canisius led, 58-55
when Jerry Hansen came off the
bench and scored two baskets tc
get Bradley rolling.
! Davidson surged back in q
tense second-half drive to edge
Virginia Tech, 1916. and Fur
man defeated Wofford. 1868
with All-America Darrell Floyc
netting 20 points.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
Golden G|ovesWideO Open
For Unattached Entries

to boys in the area between the
ages of 16 to 10 who have never
before competed in sanctioned
competition.
The novice class will be open
as usual for those who have not
won more than two contests in
either AAU or NCAA sanctioned
competition. The seniors, Of
course, fight in the unrestricted
class.
Entry blanks for the Golden
Gloves will be available at The
Star sports department on Mon
day and entries for the tourna-
ment will close on January 20.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
pea|Expected
From Award in
Fighter Death

ALBANY. N. Y, Dec. "A Up
The State Of New York expected
to appeal a Court of Claims de-
cision awarding $4,000 to the
estate of George Flores. Brook
Ign welterweight. who was fatal
ly injured in a bout in Madison
Square Garden on August 3,
1851
The court held yesterday that
five State Athletic Commission
physicians were negligent in fall
ing to suspend Flores as the re-
suit Of two technical knockouts
suffered within five weeks prior
to his bout with Roger Donoghue
in which he was knocked out
In the eighth round. He died
four days later of a brain injury
The court found that Flores
had been stopped in the second
round Of bout with Johnny
Cerky in Brooklyn on July "a
and in the eighth round Of an
earlier fight with Doncghue al
White Plains August ID.
Flores family commended that
the State Athletic Commission
had violated one Of its own I'M
official rules in permitting the
second fight within 80 days of a
previous knockout.
Judge Fred A. Young, author
of the court opinion. said:
Each doctor who examined
Flores from the time -. after
the Cerky fight had the
power to suspend Flores or tc
recommend his suspension to the
commission. The fact this was
not done is an indictment OF
each Of the doctors and a more
serious indictment of the entire
system of medical examinations.
Young said these doctors were
involved: Dr.. Samuel Swetnick
the attending physician at the
Cerky-Flores fight; Dr.. Thomas
N. Dickner, attending physician
at the first Donoghue-Flore'
match; Dr.. Maniscalzo. who
examined Flores two days after
the first match with Donoghue;
DR.. Harry A. Kaplan, who read ar
electroencephalogram taken or
Flores before the second Donog.
hue fight, and DR.. Vincent A
Nardiello, who attended the sec.
ond fight.
Young said an operation per.
formed on Flores just befC." hi'
death provided evidence that the
boxer had suffered a brain injury
before stepping into the ring E
second time with Dono2 hue.
The claim against the STATE
was filed b. Alexander Rosen'
weig. Brooklyn attorney, in be-
half of Flores widow. Elaine, anc
son, Michael. Flores was 81 a
the time of his death. His wifi
was Is and his son was not We
a month old.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
NurIeski Signs
At Pay Increase

CLEVELAND. Dec. IA CP.-
Ray Narleski, ace righthanded
relief pitcher, yesterday became
the first Cleveland indian to
sign a 1866 contract.
No salary terms were an
nounced but speculation was that
Narleski will get about $4,000
a $1,000 or $4,000 raise.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
LeBuron Receives
Hecht Co. Trophy

The Hecht Co. paid tribute
today to Eddie LeBaron. the
little quarterback. as the Red
skins outstanding player OF
1855. LeBaron won the stores
annual award and received the
trophy and a watch at a lunch
con.
Billy Wells. feet back now In
the Army at Fort Belvoir. made
the presentation. Wells was the
winner last year, the first for
the annual award. Sports
writer's covering the team make
the selection.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
ILumon Harris Signs
AS Orioles Coach

BALTIMORE, Dec. IA P.-
The Orioles announced the sign
ing of Coach Luman Harris yes
terday. completing the American
League clubs field staff for 1856.
Harris, onetime pitcher with
the Athletics and Senators, has
been an assistant to Manager
Paul Richards since 1851.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
BY the Associated Press

The San Francisco Dons, win
ners Of 90 straight games and
the Nations top-ranked college
basketball team, may be headed
straight into a Marquette am
bush. Even the Warriors coach
admits "this is the season for
upsets."
Unbeaten Marquette, which
meets San Francisco Friday
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
Fleischer Reelected
Boxing Writers Head

NEW YORK, Dec. IA P).-Nat
Fleischer, editor of Ring Maya
zine. has been reelected presi-
dent of the New York Boxing
Writers Association.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14

Totals 2IaT Totals - IS 81
score ct halftime: BrdEewater, 50-27
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14

! 2,122,es5 9.415.a4s : aoe,791
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-13
'CoIored Leaves Seen
As Greet Beers Blood

ALBUQUERQUE, N. M. In
dams believed leaves changed
color in autumn because celestial
hunters had slain the Great Bear
and his blood dripping on the
forests accounted for the red.
They explained the yellow as
the fat that spattered out of the
kettle when the hunters cooked
the meat.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-13

they have received in the past
wage benefits not shared by the
other unions. This group has
no welfare plan at present.
The emergency board. headed
by Dudley E. Whiting of Detroit
said the raises it recommended
would permit the incorporating
rail workers to catch up with
increases already won by operat.
ing workers.
| 1t said 1t was convinced there
is mo real question" of the rail.
roads ability to pay the addec
benefits.
The board suggested that the
pay raise be made retroactive
to December / and that the vel.
fare benefits increase start mex
March /.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-13
Student Gets
Death Penalty

: SANTA MONICA. Calf. Dec
IS R.-The death sentence has
been imposed on John r. Crook
er, IT,, a law student, for the
murder of a wealthy divorce
Mrs. Norma McCauley, his for
mer sweetheart.
Superior Judge Stanley Mosk
pronounced the sentence yester-
day and denied the motion OF
Crooker's counsel to have the
fury verdict set aside on the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-13

ground they INDUCED in a pre-
dinner drink during q recess In
their deliberations.
Before the motion was dis
missed, however, forema n
Clarence w. Richmond, retired
Army colonel, was summoned
to the stand and testified he be-
Ilieved all members of the jury
ordered a cocktail or highball
when they went out to dinner
last Thursday night. after the
case had been submitted.
But there was no poll taken
Thursday night after this din
Iner," Mr.. Richmond said. 1.-THE
| first poll was at 1880 am. Fri
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-13

day and the second at 1880
Ip. m. Friday"
Crooker. 81. Of Bucksport,
Me-, took the jury verdict calm
lily. He was remanded to the
custody of the warden Of San
Quentin Prison. The date for
his execution in the gas chamber
will be held up. pending auto
matte review of the case by the
California Supreme Court.
Mrs. McCauley. SO, who had
employed Croker as a house
boy, was garroted and stabbed
in her home last July S, after
she tried to break of a love az
fair with him.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-13

and welfare plan which would be-
come wholly company-flnanced
In the past. the workers have
contributed half the $6.80-a-
month insurance premium.
1917 Cents for Dining Crews
The only workers who would
get less than the 161a cents an
hour package increase would be
the dining car hands. They
would receive another 1914 cents
an hour. all in the form Of q
wage increase. The board said
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-13

ident Eisenhower.
Union Meeting Slated
In Chicago, the railroad wage
committee said it was not pre-
pared to comment Immediately.
George Leighty. who represented
the dozen unions involved in
the negotiations. was en- route
to st. Louis.
1t was understood, however,
that the union group will meet in
Chicago tomorrow to consider
its action.
Rail board recommendations
while not binding on the parties
generally have formed basis
for settlement Of past rail labor
disputes. The unions had de-
manded a cents an hour more,
The railroads had offered 1012
cents. Incorporating rail work.
ers now get an average Of sits
an hour.
It was estimated the recon-
mendations, If put into effect.
would cost the railroads about
$3.50 million q year.
Affected are such workers as
photographers. clerks and others
who do not run the trains. The
Operating employees, like engi-
neers and f1remen, are not in
Ivolved.
Most of the non operating en-
ployes would get a l4la cents
an hour wage increase, plus 2
cents an hour toward a health
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-13
RoiI-Union Acceptance
OF Paw Raise Plan Waited
BY the Associated Press

Another 16 hour in and health benefits for
incorporating rail employees hinged today railroad and
union acceptance.
There no immediate from either side the
contained facndng report at the White
yesterday special threeman board appointed by Pres
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-13

THE EVENING STAR Washington, D. c. Ais
L.,
Evening star., 1955-02-27

communicable Diseases" at the
school in Wheaton. Md.
Parkside Elementary School
PTA-Discussion Of integration
at the school, Brunett and Silkirk
avenues, Silver Spring.
Wildercroft Elementary School
PTA y Entertainment by the
Greenbelt Junior High School
Band, at the school, 6700 River
dale road, Riverdale, Md.
Parkwood School PTA-Earl
Minderman. executive vice presi-
dent of the Greater Washington
Educational Television AsSocia-
ton. will talk on "Potentialities
of Educational Television." at the
school in Kensington, Md.
Bethesda Elementary School
PTA-Dr. Gladys Jenkins will
talk on Aspects of Psychological
Growth in Normal Children" at
the school. 5000 Wilson Lane,
Bethesda.
B a d e n burg Junior High
School PTA-Regular meeting at
the school in Bladensburg. Md.
Rock Creek Forest Elementary
School PTA-Panel discussion
of New Techniques and Visual
Aids used in Teaching Arithme-
tic" at the school, Colston drive
and Grubb road, Chevy Chase.
Evening star., 1955-02-27
PTA Meetings Scheduled

Girl" at the school, Thirty-sev.
enth street and Ely place Sc.
Area I Council Of Parent
Teacher Associations-Southwest
Branch Library, Seventh and h
streets S.W., at 1880 pm.
Ketcham School PTA-Foun-
ders Day celebration at 1:3C
pm, at the school, Fifteenth
and U streets Sc.
Williamsburg Junior High
School PTA-The third of a
series Of programs on Under
standing Our Junior High Stu
dents" at the school in Arlington,
Abingdon School PTA-Panel
discussion of 'Integration in the
Schools-Problems and Pros
pects." at the school, 3035 South
Abingdon street. Arlington.
Tuesday.
Lynbrook Elementary School
PTA-Dr. Mary L. Grau, chair
man Of the Revision of Arith-
metic Course Study. will be guest
speaker at the school in Bethesda.
Wheaton-Woods PTA - DR..
Charles M. Weber will speak on
Evening star., 1955-02-27

The Janney School Parent
Teacher Association viii hear q
panel discussion Of World
Friendship. q Family Affair" at
8 pm. Tuesday at the school,
Wisconsin avenue and Albemarle
street NV.
Panel members will include
Harold Templeman, chief of the
liaison branch, International
Educational Exchange Service of
the State Department: Snowden
Chambers, Office of Private CO.
operation, U. S. Information
Agency. and Miss Margaret
O'Donoghue, staff associate,
Washington International Gen.
ter.
Other PTA meetings sched-
uled during the week. all start
ing at 8 pm, unless otherwise
indicated, are as follows:
Tomorrow.
Sousa Junior High School
PTA-Panel discussion Of What
Constitutes Proper Attire for the
Junior High School Boy and
Evening star., 1955-02-27

Parkway Elementary School
PTA-Discussion of teaching
methods at the school in West
HyattSville. Md.
Wyngate Elementary School
PTA-Dr. Harold Lindner, chief
psychologist Of the Montgomery
County Juvenile Court, will talk
on The Psychology Of Parent
Child Attitudes" at the school.
Wilmett street and Wadsworth
drive. Bethesda.
Wednesday.
Wakefield High School PTA-
Discussion of integration, at the
school. 4901 South Chesterfield
road, Arlington.
Northwestern Senior High
School-Business meeting. at the
school, Colesville road. Hyatts-
vile.
Evening star., 1955-02-27
Airport Scent Bunned

PITTSBURGH P).-Allegheny
County commissioners voted
down a proposed installation of
cologne dispensing machines in
the women'S lounges at the air
port here. They said too many
women would object that they
didn't like the particular odor
being dispensed.
Evening star., 1955-02-27
For sheer fun out on the road,
Chevrolet's stealing the thunder
from the high-priced cars!

\ p to this year, maybe there were reasons for
wanting one of the higher priced cars If you
demanded something extra in driving fun =.
something really special in the way car handled
and felt and responded to your wishes . you
simply had to pay premium to get it.
Not any more! The Motoramic Chevrolet has
Evening star., 1955-02-27
It's h1ghw0y robbery!

can take your pick of two new :'Blue-F Flame IS
the hottest, highest powered skies in the low
price field! Any one of these three engines brings
you all the good things that come from Chev-
rolet's long leadership in valve-in-head design.
AS for drives, just name it. Chevrolet offers
newOverdrive, Super Smooth Powerglide extra
cost options), or new and finer Synchro-
Mesh transmission.
Whichever way you choose to 60, you're
headed for fun in the Motoramc Chevrolet!
You're headed for ride such as you'd expect
only in the highest priced cars -sk-smooth on
the straightaway, cat-steady on curves-thanks
to Chevrolets new Gide-Ride front suspension
Evening star., 1955-02-27

changed all that In fact, it's stealing the thunder
from the high-priced cars on their own home
grounds-out on the highway!
Talk about excitement! You have 162 high
compression horsepower under the hood with the
new ''Turbo-Fire VS'! QS0 hp. is optional at
extra cost in all VS models if you want it, Or you
Evening star., 1955-02-27

and wide-spaced outrigger rear springs. You're
headed for new experiences like ''heads up"
stopping with Chevro1et's exclusive Anti-Dive
braking control, and new steering that's almost
as easy as making wish. All this, with Chew
rolet's traditional economy and dependability!
Come in and put this "show car" on the road!
Evening star., 1955-06-28
HOUSES FOR SALINE.

RL. NE, lB---Vic. N.
Capitol and New Hampshire ave.
S1S,5Q0: detached stone and brick;
3 bedrms.. bath on I'd d full
bsmt., attractive yard, shade trees;
quiet street; close to shopping and
transp. VIM. NJ. THROCKMORTON,
Realtor. DI. 7-6092; ewes, TIE. g.
35Sf.
RIGGS PARK. $500 DOWN, SIS per
month to qualified veteran. Better
than new. Immaculate. attractiyely
decorated 2 bedrm., semidet. brick
with elaborate rec. rm. Many ex-
tras. New Giant shopping center,
z blocks. May also be bought
H. A. or conventional: Call Mr..
Clark, RA. 3-901I. MARSHALL J,
WAPLE Ca REALToF, 1924 lsth
S527 5th sT. N.E.--2-bedrm. brk.,
beauty. full hsmt., ! blk. to bus,
lge. yd:. $500 dn, to GI. JOHN
A. WENTZ. AP. 10000, 90
OWNER GOING SOUTH. selling
beautiful suesthouse completely
location. p rms, 3la baths. plus
large garden apt: 2-car garage:
ssE ssry rsss clean r. house nssni and neat yard.
eeYEAR~ OLD. Sem semidetached de-: trick in
NE. eolored or white; viii trade
for house In country; no agent:
by OWNER. LA. 6-74S6. 80 J
$l3.950; Oh applied for; 1925 i1th
St. me-, near South Dakota ave-
Beaut. brick 2-story. like new: 8
rms. lovely liv. rm.. din. rm.. mod
kit. 3 big bedrms.. bath, rec. rin !,
full bsmt. tiled floor; gas as-c,
heat: many extras. HE. 4-3500 till
pm; ewes, RA. 3-64T6. W.. W.
Evening star., 1955-06-28
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES

BAR AND GRILL, downtown, like
new cond.; long lease SI9.750; only
$1,000 down. See MR.. GLASS
GROCERY STORE, NV. for sale,
owner; $500 weekly; small down
payment. DU. 7-S740. --2S
DRESS SHOE. recently L renodeled.
n IN Ice % shoppinS A center elOHo il Va; Va ;s SUB.
stantial cash, CULMORE REALTY
AUTOMATIC LAUNDRY. 20 washing
machines 8 dryers. 2 extrs.; doing
approx. $3.50 per week; reas.. terms
cULMoRE REALTY. JE. $4,000.
AUToM0rIyE TRADE: Distributor
wanted for chemical lubricant with
largest world sale but new to this
area Rapid bulk repeats to service
stations, power plant operators. etc.
Substantial standing and practical
vnIEieSs Write ". v. MYERS, arriving yias An
napoiis Hotel Saturday, stating
fElis past activities.
PROPERTY for. eonvaies-
cent nursing home or geriatric CEN
teri. 81 mi, from WASH. D, Cs
rms, each with pvt. bath, telephone,
round afr-cond. Built In 4 wings
with wide corridors. converting on
lge. lobby. din. rnf.. and kit. area.
Each rni leads also to covered
porch. This elegant place IL com
pietely and beautifully turn. with
din. Ynl. and kit, equipment. Priced
below actual cost. nsEz CuSHARD.
REALToR. EM. 2-4232; OIL. 2-5S67.
BUsTNEss for
sale. IN part or fun. Exclusive
franchises, very high profits. no
competition. FOR information. yEtte
32T6 wilson blvd. Arlington, Va.
Evening star., 1955-06-28
MOVING. PACKING, STORAGE

EDELMAN MOVING AND STORAGE
Will accept surplus furniture q
part part. on your moving, storage
Reas. IA. 9-2937; ewes, RA. 3-I416
ACTION MovERs. lowest rates; new
padded vans. exper. movers; cali
anytime. AD. A-61S7 or NO. 7-9S44.
27s
LIGHT nAULlN0 local moving;
beaches Q specially s. L. MORRIS.
To, 2.l150 or Ii 6-2sS9.
MOVING ACROSS THE STREET or
across the country: safe storage In
separate rooms: expert packing.
Phone no - 51o1q4 pMIoN sIoR- TO-
CHESTER MOVERS. lge. or small.
We do them ali; clean and careful
BSsf M8VtERs m ToVWiN - Low
rates: exper, men: "a hr.; 1-hedrm.
apt. $40; closed vans. ins. LU. l.
d.
Evening star., 1955-06-28
HOUSES WANTED TO RENT

SILVER SPRING AREA--Rentals ur-
gently needed! Clients availi Ex-
pert mgt.i BEERS BROS, JU. g.
06l0.
VIRGINIA properties wanted to
manage. Excellent rental service
given to home owners. Phone TIE.
6-1244. TIE. 6-7344. or XII. 9-6644.
AL BAKER d SON. INC. l16 s.
st. Asaph ST., Alex. Va. ---3
Q AND 4-BEDRM. HOUSES needed
Can Mr. oriel with J. FULLER
GROOM REALTY CO.. IA. =
1904. --29
ADDITIONAL HOMES NEEDED
/. We have fine tenants for homes
in nearby Md. or NV. d. c.: free
appraisal: no delay, For complete
rental service, phone US today.
PERRY HAY CO., JU. 5-6242.
Evening star., 1955-06-28

Larchmont Realty, Inc.
JE. 4-3900 JE. 3-72l9
COLORED-s27 VARNUM 81. NV.
Completely redecorsted. 3 rms.
mAR;saAniL msasa; SsAIni gas swhApLhh hs d. co So 1as1 s
coI6REbnasi45Aap sa1S Iii nv Ap q c1SPs' sT. SEC
rooms. bath; brick; $3.50 mo. See.
COLORED-HAvE s-BEDROoM and
bath, nicely remodeled houses in
s.w., $50 so, plus utilities. This
at 93i Golden st. s.w. (betveen
9th and 10th . and ? sts.l or
COL0RED - CLAIMING ST. Ne,
across from Ri. Island PiRza--Det,
brick, nice yard. surrounded by
ssi see now T. t esll z. fi5 D. Jio5HNsTook, 10. D
ce6I 6I6RE8AisS d6R 5-4gla HICKMAN sT. s.E.
% bedrms:. iiv. rm.. din. ,rm.. kit.
and bath. hsmt;. gas heat: redec.
throughout. Call ME. $1,000 from
CoLoRHD--NR. M s DEPT. OF AGRIC.
Meat and charming 5-rm. brick:
h. ST. 3-4415; IA. 9-8749. -
COLORED-I4I6 10th ST. NV
Rr iss; a.aos7. PTs rms. IH $3.50 sas 80 per mo-
Colored-Lincoln Park
OTHER kMsi aousGs 81 ANb hEsTi apfsl fsDEe aeAn.
Q Thomas Circle NV. RE. 1854