davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-07-24
Reserves

A group Of Senate and
House conferees worked out
a new military reserve pro-
gram last week, but no one
was particularly satisfied with
it. Congressional leaders in
sisted. however. it was the
best that could be written un-
der the circumstances.
The circumstances were
these: Some Congressman
thought a large reserve would
be unnecessary, as the decisive
phase of a future war would
be fought in a few weeks;
some Congressman wanted a
strong reserve, but baked at
making reserve service COM
pulsory, particularly for vet
erans; some Congressman
vowed there would be no seq
regated service for reservists
or there would be no law.
The Pentaeon, however. in
sisted 1t needed a compulsory
reserve, one that would quad
ruple the number of pres
ent "ready" reservists (700,-
600 men now in four years.
Without such a reserve, the
military said, active service
strength would have to be
kept at a level above that now
contemplated.
The bill that came out OF
conference last week is a COM
plicated measure that mini
mizes cornpulsion and provides
incentives for voluntary serv-
ice by cutting the period Of
total obligation for persons
who volunteer for more active
duty and training. Only vet
erans who start their service
after the new law is enacted
will face compulsory reserve
service.
Net result, as the Pentagon
sees 1t, is that volunteer serv-
ice will make it hard to get
optimum participation; and
the short-hitch incentives will
make 1t impossible to build to
the desirable strength and then
hold on to II.
Both houses must now ap-
prove this compromise meas
ure. Then 1t Ia up TO the White
House TO decide whether the
Evening star., 1955-07-24
DISTRICT:
City Heads May Act
To Boost Realty Tax

discussion Of boosting the real
estate rate has been possible
because 1t was part of the over
all tax package with which the
city heads first approached
Congress.
He seemed to ignore the fact
that any opponents of the in
crease would probably have
reserved their fire for public
congressional hearings - the
one place where John @. Pub
lie has been assured hereto
fore Of q chance to complain
against tax increases.
In a republic where setting
Of tax rates is one of the most
public Of all public acts, any
failure to allow District citi-
zens at least one formal OPP
portunity to object to a boost
would seem to invite fiat
charges of tyranny or dicta-
torship.
The Commissioners had bet
ter reread the advice of their
Citizens Advisory Council.
Evening star., 1955-07-24
MARYLAND:
Free Stote Toxpoyers
Facing q Rough Jolt
By CHARLES L. HOFFMAN

Marylanders who are Just
beginning to notice q slight
decrease in their take-home
pay thanks to an income tax
withholding system instituted
July /. are in for another
rough jolt next year.
The day Of reckoning comes
In February for legislators who
held OF against q major tax
increase this year by employ
ing SIC million in the with
holding tax windfall to help
balance the 1856 budget. That
money win not be available
again next year.
To a 10-member committee
headed by Senator Edward s.
Northrop, Democrat Of Mont
gomery County, has fallen the
summertime search for the
panacea for the States fiscal
problems.
Specifically, the committee
must come up with possible
revenue sources of $35.7 mil
lion to I'LL the gap between the
estimated cost of government
and current State revenue es-
Inmates for fiscal 1857.
The deficit will be IS mil
lion greater If the General AS
sembly overrides Gov. Nickel
din's veto of the popular bill
increasing State school con-
struction aid.
Leading a three man sub
committee sent out to find pos
sible new sources Of revenue
and the most reasonable
sources to be tapped more
heavily is Delegate Blair Lee
II, also q Montgomery Demo-
crat.
While the Lee group is seek
ing the most inoffensive way
to pick the taxpayers pocket
for $35 million. two other COM
mittees are at work on find-
ing the pork in present spend
ing.
One subcommittee has its
eye on State fund distribution
back to towns and villages,
some Of which now have siz-
able bank accounts and moth
ing to spend their savings on.
Those Northumberland this
includes most of them-who
will howl about increased taxes
may get some relief from this
bit of information:
According to Census Bu-
Evening star., 1955-07-24
Wages

Some 81 million workers,
mostly in the South, seemed
sure Of getting q raise in pay
after the House approved a
bill last week to boost the legal
minimum wage.
The persons affected are now
making less than 81 an hour
and are helping produce
articles sold in interstate COM
merce. Their raise in pay
probably will come some time
early next year.
The legal minimum wage
now is IS cents an hour. About
"a million persons are pro-
tected under the law, but most
of them already are making
more than the proposed dollar
rate.
President Eisenhower had
asked for an increase to 80
cents. His advisers said a big
ger boost would be imitation
ary. But Democrats said a
dollar would be feasible. Labor
unions wanted even more.
The Senate voted the dollar
last month. The House fol-
lowed suit last week.
1t was q Democratic victory,
alt h ough some Republican
votes had to be corralled to
make up for loss Of Southern
Democratic votes. The Presi-
dents 90-cent plan was re-
jected, 173 to 1853, even when
the proposal was modified to
provide for an automatic fur
ther jump to 81 in 1857. An
attempt to set the figure at
$1.10 was turned down, 1913
to 80.
One feature remains to be
worked out. The Senate wanted
the new wage to go into effect
January /; the House voted
for March /. When the date is
settled. the measure goes to
the White House.
A statement last week by
Secretary of Labor James P.
Mitchell that he would en-
dorse a 81 law indicated the
President would sign it.
Evening star., 1955-07-24
Social Security

Democrats in the House
worked out q neat election
year package Of social security
Dement'S. and the Republicans
reluctantly helped them do it.
Democrats worked out an
amendment to the Social Sc
curity Act which would permit
women to draw their benefits
at age 81 instead Of 65: pay
benefits to disabled persons at
age SO. pay disabled children
after they pass. the present
cutoff age of 18 and bring
self = employed professionals
Except physicians). share
choppers and farm tenants
and a handful Of Government
workers into the program. The
whole package would cost
workers and employers another
$21 a year each In social
security taxes.
The bill was brought to the
floor under a gag rule. No
amendments were permitted,
only 40 minutes Of debate was
allowed. 1t was take It or leave
1t.
To leave it was an apparent
vote against social security.
SO after filing their allotted
time with protests about the
gag and the hasty shaping Of
the bill. most Republicans
voted for the measure. Final
score: 372 to 81.
Action In the Senate this
year seemed unlikely. But
passage OF some sort OF social
security bill in 1855 was q
good bet.
Evening star., 1955-07-24
NATIONAL REVIEW

Continued From Page A-25
the Presidents $3.2 billion
foreign aid bill. Most cuts
came in the money admins
tered by the Defense Depart
ment.
Last week the Senate re-
stored almost all Of the money.
AS finally passed. 81 to %, the
bill contained all but $50 mil
lion Of what President Eisen-
hover asked. Amendments to
make some reductions in the
bill were voted down repeat
edly. usually with strong Re-
publican support of the Presi-
dent---a novelty On foreign aid
bills.
Representatives still said
last week they would not
agree to more money than
they originally had voted.
But if congressional custom is
followed. both houses will
agree on some compromise
between the two bills.
It looked last week, however,
as If it would be a long time
before the two Houses would
decide to split the difference.
Senator Carl Hayden, Dem
ocrat Of Arizona, in charge of
the bill, said, 1--WE are going
to stand pat on exactly what
the Senate voted"
There was a good chance the
foreign aid bill would be one OF
the last measures to pass the
84th Congress. Adjournment
is supposed to come in about
q week.
Evening star., 1955-07-24
DISTRICT:
BY HECTOR MCLEAN

ny ~nEC1Oh MCLEAN
Under the unique munich
pal setup in Washington
where Congress is city council
as well as national legislature,
the Districts Board Of Com
missioners hold certain care
fully defined lawmaking pow
ers Of its own.
One CT these powers, given
by Congress In 1922, is au-
thority to set the city's real
estate and personal property
tax rates every year.
In addition, the Commis-
sioners are directed to set
those rates at a figure high
enough to cover all spending
ordered by Congress-power
to raise those tax rates on their
own authority.
For the 80 years-until now
the Commissioners have
never used that power. Dur
ing that time they have al
ways managed to pass the
buck for increasing taxes to
Congress.
They did so with ease when
the city had fat annual sur
pluses by getting early ap-
proval Of their tax and spend
ing programs.
This year. however, with the
surpluses all gone, the commits
sioners' program for q tax in
crease got crossed up on the
Hill with maneuvering for
congressional approval of the
full $40 million Federal pay
ment authorized by law.
Too Late for Action
By the time Congress had
settled on a Federal payment
OF only $18 million, it was too
late for action on the full-scale
tax boost program the COM
missioners had dreamed up
or even on a part of it.
Starting the new fiscal year
July l. District budget officials
figured that if Congress didn't
order any more spending than
it already had authorized the
city could get through the year
and be about 100000 in the
black.
In the meantime, though,
Congress has gone right on
considering pay raise bills and
other legislation which would
cost the city about IS million
this years. million which
wasn't in sight as income on
the basis of existing tax laws.
Aside from the hope that
the District could keep out of
the red long enough for Con-
gresS to consider a tax pro-
gram when it comes back to
Washington in January-and
maybe vote the other 81 mil
lion Of the authorized Federal
payment - the commissioners
seemed to be in a real jam.
On July /, therefore, they
set the personal property tax
rate at last years level--$2
on each 500 Of assessed value.
They did not, however, set tn,
real estate tax rate. although
Engineer Commissioner Thom-
as A. Lane wanted to fix it
then at last years figure of
$2.20 and toss the problem
back to Congress in January.
The other two Commission
ers were seriously considering
an increase of five or 10 cents
in the rate, with each nickel
of increase calculated to boost
the city's revenue by $950,000
a year.
Councils Advice
q Although their Citizens Ad-
visory Council urged them not
to raise the rate, and espe-
cially asked for d public hear
ing on the issue. time for o
hearing was rapidly running
out.
The Commissioners were un-
der increasing pressure from
their subordinates to set the
rate, regardless Of the figure,
so that tax collection machin-
erly could get into gear.
Apparently disinclined to
hold q hearing. one Commits
sioner has pointed out that
some opportunity for public
Evening star., 1955-07-24
Electrical Union Head
Faces Critical Period

&NAAs So4Cy y O0A D GAAAA8 WAVAk
GE is further hampered by
q general lack Of rank-and-
file membership support with
In the GE chain.
Several times In recent Ma
tional Labor Relations Board
representation elections, when
the TUE attempted to wrest
control of a GE plant from
the independent United Elec-
trical Workers Union, the
Carey union either lost the
election or slipped through in
q narrow squeeze.
UE. frequently attacked as
Communist dominated, has
been able to make a fair show
ing in these elections largely
on the strength Of anti-Carey
sentiment among GE workers.
One Of Mr.. Carey's own men
admitted privately following a
NLRB election involving the
two unions that 80 per cent
of the UE ballots represented
a hate-Carey vote" rather than
support for the independent
union.
In past negotiations, when
Mr.. Carey called for q strike
vote to strengthen his bar
gaining hand with GE, rank
and-file members turned their
backs on the idea. The feeling
against strike was so obviously
strong that a strike vote was
never seriously exploited.
Until this year, the union
never once since its founding
in 1949 served contract ter
mination notice on GE. The
main reason for this has been
Mr.. Carey's inability 10 get
strike support.
Foctors in Favor
On the credit side Of the
ledger Mr.. Carey does have q
few factors working in his
favor.
Henry Ford. II, the man
who came through with the
auto jobless pay plan, has
been elected to GE's board of
directors. The union has
hailed the Ford Motor Co.
president for his action in ap-
proving wage guarantees at
Ford. Union officials have in
dicated some hope that Mr..
Ford will further their cause
with GE.
Scattered wildcat strikes by
GE employees in recent months
have been accepted by IUE
officials as a sign of mem
berShip dissatisfaction with
the firms employe policy.
This is further supported by
frequent complaints about last
years settlement which aver
aged about 2.7 per cent.
IUE recently won over GEES
biggest-l5, ,000-local at the
home plant in Schenectady,
N. Y. This local is solidly be-
hind Mr. Carey. Its support,
perhaps, explains why union
negotiations felt strong enough
to sever contract termination
notice on GE effective Sep
tember Is. IL a satisfactory
agreement has not been con-
ciuded by then.
MIR. Carey has one more po-
tent weapon-the backing of
most labor officials who realize
the Importance of establishing
the GAW principle In the elec-
trical industry. Most unions
have undoubtedly given a
pledge of support to the TUE in
this years negotiations. They.
too, have a big stake riding on
Mr.. Carey.
Nevertheless. an analysis Of
the balance sheet gives Mr..
Carey no more than an outside
chance to get the GAW prin-
ciple.
To GE workers the "satis-
factory" settlement which
would stave of a strike is a
"wage-package" ranging some
where between the recent steel
and auto settlements, Is to 20
cents an hour, perhaps less.
Evening star., 1955-07-24

upon being recognized to an
extent consistent with their
efforts and ability.
mo organization. political
or otherwise. can exist with
out the constant addition Of
new blood and this. to my
mind, is the paramount need
Of the Democratic Party of
Virginia today"
Evening star., 1955-07-24

Mr.. Heffmon, who eevsn Meatsomery
County for The stor. is substituting
for Gene Soodwin while the resuloF
Morylond eolumnist Is on vocotion.
Milford chronicle., 1955-09-16

A record 12S,4S1,0nO tons of
freight moved through the Sault Ste.
Marie canal in 1853.
Milford chronicle., 1955-09-16
Train A Tree When
Young To Withstand
The Hurricanes

Train q tree in the way it should
grow when it is young. Then when
it reaches maturity the danger of
damage by hurricanes and storms
may be at a minimum.
Training, says Don Cantwell,
Area Manager of the Bartlett Tree
Expert Co, is a matter of wise
pruning.
One of the common failings in
pruning is to overlook the signifi-
canoe of competing branches, v
crotches and multiple leaders.
These develop when the tree is
young. They are particularly evi-
dent when they occur on the low
er trunk.
Later when the tree reaches a
nice size. becomes thing of beau
ty and adds hundreds of dollars to
the value of the property on which
il stands, Nature may come along
with a hurricane and do ruthless
Job of pruning. Limbs Of the v
crotches are torn asunder. Multiple
icdueIS SUdllCI anu spit LII q
twinkling. the tree may be damaged
beyond repair, or the repair can
be very costly.
If the competing branch had
been cut off early there would have
been no marked weakness. If the
V-fork had been eliminated by
pruning away one branch and per-
hitting the second to develop,
there would have been no split. II
the tree had been pruned to one
leader, there would have been no
shattering of its many leaders.
Tall growing trees, especially
those with brittle wood such as red
and silver naples, need pruning
attention when quite young. Trees
often develop many more branches
than they need. 1t is a mistake to
allow 80 to 40 long slender branch
es on a Norway or sugar maple to
develop when eight or ten we'll
spaced stout and branching limbs
would be much better.
Relatively little but early prun-
ing will go far toward helping a
tree establish a satisfactory crown.
The stronger tree is, the safer it
becomes.
Milford chronicle., 1955-09-16
Georgetown Kiwanians
Hear DIR. Charlton

John S. Charlton, director of the
Division of Child Development and
Guidance of the State board of Edu-
cation, sketched the large scope of
i the work carried on by his depart
ment in Delaware for members of
the Kiwanis Club at their weekly
meeting in Grace Church Hall in
Georgetown on Tuesday evening.
Dale Nolen was chairman for the
evenings program and introduced
Mr.. Charlton.
The speaker explained the two
parts of his work and said that in
the old days, each man taught his
son his own trade but that today,
an almost limitless vista of poss-
ibility opens up before youth. He
quoted from the last census that
there are $4,000 different occupa-
tions in America today.
He stated that the program of his
department is designed to help a
child discover early his capacities
and to assist him in choosing, pre-
pairing for and entering a job and
becoming a well adjusted citizen.
He told also of work with the
handicapped who need special help
to compensate for their deficien-
cies.
Among other things, he said that
there are some 40 younger children
at Delaware Colony who are edu-
cable and some 40 others over 16.
He told of programs at Bacon
Health Center, in detention homes
and in both tubercular sanator-
iums.
"They are Delaware boys and
girls and we want to help them, y
he explained.
In discussing the need for prop
! Charlton said that less than half
of the pupils starting the first grade
graduate from high school.
~ Eugene Campbell, president OF
the club, presided at the meeting. II
was announced that James Proud
| foot will be in charge of the pro-
gram for next week and that the
new teachers at the school will be
| guests.
Thomas Mcbride was taken into
| membership, proposed by Melvir
Hearn, with the ceremony conduct
ed by Dallas Dennis.
Houston Wilson was made chair.
man for the Boy Scout Camporet
to be held at Redden Forest on Oc'
tober Is and 16.
Mr.. Proudfoot was appointed
chairman of the vocational guild
ance department of the club, sue.
ceeding Philip Taylor. James Mar.
vel and DR.. Charles r. Cannon were
among the committee heads making
reports.
Ralph S. Baker led the singing
and Joyce Conaway was at the pi
anO,
Milford chronicle., 1955-09-16
Fire Auxiliaries To
Convene Here Sept. "a
CONTINUED from first page,

Committee chairmen include.
Credentials, Mrs. Beatrice Virgins.
Mill Creek Auxiliary, New Castle
County; Mrs. Virginia Butts, Mary
del Auxiliary, Kent County, and
Mrs. Margaret Hastings, Blades
Auxiliary, Sussex County, publicity.
Mrs. Estella Baker, Claymont Aux
iliary, New Castle &, County; Mrs.
Angie Potter, Harrington Auxiliary,
Kent County and Mrs. Emma Short.
Georgetown Auxiliary, Sussex Coun-
ty.
Resolutions, Mrs. Elaine Wright.
Five Points, New Castle County.
and auditors, Mrs. Elizabeth Luff,
past state president, Cheswold Aux
iliary, Kent County, and Mrs. Mary
Uhler, past state president, Green
wood Auxiliary, Sussex County.
Mrs. Elizabeth Short, Little
Creek Auxiliary, Kent County, will
be the official pianist.
Miss Gregg, Mrs. Johnston and
Mrs. Roach will serve as direc-
tors.
Mrs. Maude Spicer, past state
president, from the Seaford Auxili-
airy, will be the installing officer.
Mrs. Emma Tuil, also from the
Seaford Auxiliary, will serve as CO.
chairman.
Mrs. Josephine c. Brown is state
president. Other state officers are
Mrs. Potter, first vice-president;
Mrs. Minnie Kyttle, second vice.
president; Mrs. Virgins, secretary,
and Mrs. Alberta Smith treasurer.
Milford chronicle., 1955-09-16
Plenty OF Water Is
AUaiiQbLe In State
Continued from page one)


With an eye to the future, the au-
thors predict that a play will
eventually have to be devised by
which new wells will be spaced at
certain intervals and water will be
transported through pipelines.
The survey shows that Della
ware has good supply of surface
water in the Piedmont area (north-
ern New Castle County,. Current
ly, Red Clay and Brandywine
creeks are fairly well exploited.
White Clay creeks and a treatment
plant on the latter will result in
nearly complete utilization of the
Piedmont surface water resources.
In addition to the streams of
northern Delaware, there are also
appreciable surface water sources
on the Coastal Plain, or southern
portion, of Delaware. While many
of the streams are tidal far in
land, there is a ground-water run
off which keeps a fresh water flow
in the upper tidal reaches for most
or all of the year.
Since the earth's rock forma-
tions determine the water-holding
capacity, the bulletin includes a
detailed study of Delaware's un-
derlying rock strata. Underlying
the areas of Newark, Wilmington
and northern Delaware are hard.
crystalline rocks mantled in most
places by zone of clay and sand
Water, stored in the clay and sand
and infissures of the hard rock
is suitable for domestic needs.
The remaining "a per cent of the
state is underlain by alternating
beds of sand and clay, forming a
huge wedge-shaped mass that dips
southeastward from Newark and
attains a thickness of 5000 feet
beneath Fenwick Island. The sant
layers contain large quantities OF
ground-water. This water, movins
in a general southeasterly direc.
tion,, is ultimately discharged
through wells and springs or il
passed on outward beneath the sea
Also contained in the report are
maps and cross sections of the geo
logic formations, graphs of thu
fluctuations and trends Of watel
levels, diagrams of wells ant
pumping conditions, maps of th'
water table and of wells and tes
holes, tables of water analyses
tables of pumpage, logs of 39
wells and records of 1,0S1 wells
| The fourth publication of TIL
Delaware Geological Survey, tn
recent bulletin is the first to GOV
er the entire state.
State Geologist Groot explains
"In view of the increasing demand
made by industry and agricultur
on the states most valuable cart
resource, it seems timely to pre-
sent an evaluation of present wa
ter use, and an estimate of tn
availability of water in the flu
ture."
A record 12s,4S1,0aO tons o