davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-10-20
Commanding the Marines

The Marine Corps is losing one fight
ing commandant but is taking on another
For when General Lemuel C. Shepherd,
jr, retires early next year his successor
will be Lieutenant General Randolph
Mccall Pate. Both are combat veterans
of two world wars and of the fighting
in Korea. Both are experienced and of
proved competence in the fields OF mill
tary administration and staff planning.
The fine traditions of the Marine Corps
and its reputation for constant readiness
for any national emergency have been
preserved and heightened by General
Shepherd. General Pate's record offers
assurance that this will not change!
The new commandant has had 81
years Of military experience, starting as
an Army enlisted man In World War /.
His Marine career began in 1921, after
his graduation from Virginia Military IN
Evening star., 1955-10-20
Unpunished Treason

1t has been Is years since the trea-
son case against John David Provoo
began to take form.
Not many people still remember Cap
tain Burton c. Thomson of Swea City,
war camp on Corregidor, tied to a tree
and shot by the Japanese after Provoo,
according to the Governments witnesses,
had informed on him. The case of Sergt.
James Palone, beaten by the japanese
when Provoo turned him In for refusing
to reveal where money was thought to
have been hidden, Is all but forgotten.
The horrors of the Bataan death march,
the attempt, by Provoo, to obtain secret
codes for the japanese, the anti-Ameri-
can Provoo broadcasts-all OF this is fad
ing into seemingly dim and distant
past.
These charges against Proyoo were
proved to the satisfaction OF New York
jury and trial Judge In 1852. But this
treason conviction was set aside on the
ground that some evidence, not related
to the treason charges, had been improp-
erly admitted, and on the technical point
that the trial should have been held in
Baltimore instead of New York. In 1854
the Government obtained a new indict-
ment in Baltimore. But that, too, was
thrown out Federal Judge Thomson said
there had been too much delay, that
Provoo had been deprived Of his consti-
tutional right to speedy trial And the
Supreme Court now has sustained this
view.
So the case against Proyoo, Is years
after Its beginning, comes to close. The
acts Of treason Of which he was found
guilty go unpublished And in a few
more years the whole affair will have
been generally forgotten
Perhaps one should not complain
about this result, even though it seems
triumph for technicality at the expense
of the substance of justice. But there is
one thing which should not be accepted.
The Baltimore judge who threw out the
second indictment said: 1T would be
poor tribute to Captain Thomson to deny
to this defendant the rights for which
Captain Thomson gave his life."
The facts should not be CLOSED over
In this fashion. II the evidence is to be
believed, Captain Thomson did not give
his life to preserve constitutional rights
for Provoo. He gave his life, or, rather,
1t was taken from him, because Provoo
had denounced him to the japanese.
Evening star., 1955-10-20
M. Foure Hangs On

French Premier Edgar Faure has
been given his vote of confidence" by the
General Assembly, the victory margin
308 to 254-being considerably larger
than anyone had expected. Even so,
however, there is not too much in this
for the West to cheer about For 1t seems
clear that the politicians in the Assembly
supported M. Faure because the alterna-
tive-no government-was too appalling
at this time even for them to stomach.
In saying this, however. the benefits
should not be unduly minimized. The
outcome means that Foreign Minister
mandate of sorts from his government.
And no one in his senses would deny
that, from the Vests point of view,
this is infinitely better than Geneva
meeting with only French observer in
attendance
It also means, presumably, that the
Faure government will get an oppor-
tunity to test its moderate policies in Al
geria and Morocco One need not be
ashamed of some hesitation on this point,
for the votes which saved the Premier
in the Assembly came from the extreme
Right-where the greatest opposition to
his North African policies is centered.. II
things should go from bad to worse In
Algeria and Morocco it is hard to tell
what might happen.
For the moment, however, the gov
ernment is safe. And no crisis looms
Immediately ahead. But France, as some
OF her own most eminent leaders have
said, still is the "sick man Of Europe" and
in danger Of being stricken from the roll
of great nations" That this is so despite
Frances relative prosperity can only be
taken as an indictment of her politics.
Only a high sense of responsibility can
enable government to function success
fully when virtually all power is vested
In Parliament composed of dozen or
more parties, no one having majority.
And such sense Of responsibility is
notably absent in Paris, even though the
government has survived the Algerian
and Moroccan tests. In the long run.
little significant improvement can be
hoped for-unlesS and until a general
election returns some party to power
with enough votes in the Assembly to
govern the country.
Evening star., 1955-10-20
Hearing Aids

As q contributor to the COM
munity Chest and one who is
interested In the problems Of
the hard Of hearing, I read with
much interest an article in The
Star Of October 6 on the Wash
ington Hearing Society. One
statement in the story was
somewhat misleading. It was,
IF there were no society, how
ever. the cost of private treat
ments would have been prohib-
tive" This implies that the
Washington Hearing Society Is
the only organization where
children whose parents are un-
able to finance the cost of
treatment can be cared for at
little or no expense.
Perhaps the writer of the
article is not aware of the fact
that both Children's Hospital
and the D. C. General Hospital
have hearing and speech clinics
which provide substantially the
same type Of service which the
Washington Hearing Society
claims is unique.
Phyllis b. Mitchell.
Evening star., 1955-10-20
Birthriqht

The fdltering footballs OF the
tdiun .
But late, released by birth,
Halt-shy, halt-ea0er, strive to
test
The strange, Intriguing
earth:
The butterfly, It's fragile toings
From cocoon cell unbound,
Fluttcrs In dainty dGlitdnce
With fragrant fo,Ders, fresh
iound:
And Questing ddolescent hearts,
Their tent OF childhood
tnrled,
Press past each slo,Dly opening
door
Into the adult iDoridi
lno S. StovolI
Evening star., 1955-10-20

@. Where in California is
the church that was built from
o single redwood tree?--E. r. s.
A. The First Baptist Church
In Santa Rosa was built en-
tirely with redwood from one
tree, which had yielded $4,000
feet of lumber. There was
enough material left over to
erect q five-room house nearby.
The trees stump, 18 feet across.
is q shrine where the congre-
cation holds memorial services
annually.
@. Please give the deriva-
ton Of the word clock. -
H. B. z.
A. The word really means
bell" and comes from the Old
French "cloche," the German
"glocke" and Medieval Latin
"clocca." Monks were the time
keepers in the middle ages, and
monastery bells told the time
for all people living within
hearing range.
@. How many bills have been
vetoed by President Eisenhower
to date?-R j.
A. Since taking Office in
1858, the President has We
toed or pocket vetoed "a bills.
that is, up to the end of the
first session of the 84th Com
gress august 3. 1850. All but
II of these vetoes occurred
during the 83rd Congress. No
Eisenhower vetoes have been
overridden.
Evening star., 1955-10-20
Matter Of Fact

In a particularly sad bit Of
journalism. your paper gave
an account of Russell Kinks
address to the National Com
ference Of Editorial Writers.
You report that Mr.. Kirk. on
being asked his favorite editor
of a century ago, named Will
liam Cullen Bryant. Josephus
Daniels, editor Of the Raleigh
News and Observer. according
to your story, pointed out that
Mr.. Bryant came later" Your
account left the erroneous inn
preston that Mr.. Kirk, a dis
tinguished historian. had made
an absurd blunder, when actu-
ally Mr.. Daniels blundered.
william Cullen Bryant was
editor Of the New York Eve
ming Post a century ago, hav-
ing been made chief editor In
1929, q post he held nearly %
years. Could 1t be that there
were no newspaper editors
present who knew enough
about Bryant to correct Mr..
Daniels or. worse yet, did they
have Bryant confused with
william Jennings Bryan? 1t
would be hard to believe that
anyone with any knowledge OF
political philosophy would sus-
pect Mr.. Kirk Of holding the
latter up as q model.
May Humphrey Edsall.
Editors note: Mrs. Edsall's
observation that Mr.. Bryant
was editor Of the New York
Post more than a century ago
is correct. Actually he as
sumed the editorship In 1926
and was still connected with
the paper at the time Of his
death In 1879
Evening star., 1955-10-20
The Aspholt Jungle

The vicious attack upon Miss
Pearl Mccall while walking on
Sixteenth street October II
was reported in your paper
under the caption: Three
Youths Arrested In Purse
Robbery. The article was puz-
cling indeed, as 1t indicated
this to be one Of those purse
snatchings about which we
read daily. However. the facts
in the case present an entirely
different picture. The truth
Is, Miss Mccall was struck q
violent blow on the back Of
her neck by a so-called youth.
After being struck down. she
was dragged five or six feet
on the pavement. Her knees
were horribly lacerated and
she suffered conclusion and
shock when her head struck
the pavement. Two accom-
plices were waiting nearby
with three bicycles on which
the three culprits made their
escape. That this attack had
been carefully planned. there
can be no doubt. The person
who executed this plan. a So
called youth Of is. is almost
six feet tall and weighs $50
younds. He had been charged
with purse snatching on five
occasions. His last appearance
in Juvenile Court resulted in
commitment to q correctional
institution, where he evidently
remained d very short time be-
fore he was on the prowl again.
This time he broadened his
operations. He graduated from
purse snatching to highway
robbery with force and yio-
lence.
That the victim In this case
happened to be Miss Mccall,
q prominent citizen who has
contributed much to welfare.
law and order in this city. Is
beside the point. What does
matter is that highway rob-
berry with force and violence
was so brazenly perpetrated in
broad daylight In our Capital.
The record clearly indicates
that such a criminal-minded
individual looks upon Juvenile
Court as merely an instrument
to be used In shielding him
from trial In a higher court,
where the proper sentence to
the penitentiary could be inn
posed. All who know the facts
In this case are OF the opinion
that 1t should be remanded TO
q higher court. Any person who
is physically able to execute
such a heinous crime should
be handled the same as any
other criminal. regardless Of
his age.
Since the Juvenile Court
was created for the protection
OF children. 1t should guard
against being used as an ay-
enue Of escape from the pen-
itentiary by criminals, for this
would bring about the same
impasse which confronts us
in the misuse Of the Fifth
Amendment.
Evening star., 1955-10-20

HOW 90 the IarmerS--noG the
politicians-feel about the Eli
senhower administration and
the 1856 election? The Lincoln
Evening Journal and the Me-
braska State journal. under
the direction Of Raymond A..
Mcconnell. ir., has gone di-
rectly to the Nebraska farmers
to find out. The canvass Of
farmers was made In precincts
representing various types Of
Nebraska agriculture, dry land,
diversified farming, irrigators.
wheat farming, and livestock.
The completed survey comes
up with q finding that 26 per
cent of the farmers-certa
Of those interyiewed-ha not
yet decided which party they
viii support in the national
election next year. This ur-
decided segment Of the farm
vote could be decisive in that
contest, so far as Nebraska
Is concerned. Nebraska, 1t
should be Recalled, has been
a banner Republican State In
recent years. It has voted
for every Republican presi-
Dental nominee after 1886.
In 1852. 1t gave Eisenhower
q lead OF 233.00O over Adlai
Stevenson. It Is a great agri-
cultural State-and the farm
vote is most important. II
the situation as now reported
in Nebraska is typical Of the
Farm Belt, it's UP to the Eisen-
hover administration to do
something to convince the
farmers they had better stick
to the G. o. p.
Caught In Squeeze
What burns the farmers up,
according to the Nebraska sur
vey. Is the cost-price squeeze
in which they find themselves
taking low prices for the
things they produce and pay
ing high prices for the things
they have to buy. It is this
angle they are interested In,
rather in the row between rigid
and flexible farm price sup
ports. And it's the toughest
problem for any administra-
tion to solve. For, unfortu-
nately for them, farmers have
to sell at the prices offered
them. and have to buy at the
prices asked Of them. The
Nebraska survey shows that
farm incomes have. almost to
a farmer. shrunk since 1852.
Ninety-four per cent of those
interviewed said they were
making less money than they
did three years ago. Most Of
them estimated that their net
incomes had dropped about 20
per cent.
Three principal targets Of
disgruntled farmers. the sur
yey developed, are Secretary
Of Agriculture Benson--for
some reason they take it out
on Benson, not on President
Eisenhower - organized labor
and its leaders particularly,
Evening star., 1955-10-20
THE POLITICAL MILL
Former Tells Of Cost-PTce Squeeze
By GOULD LINCOLN

and the "big guys" in both
agriculture and industry. A
common view was that the
little farmer Is being squeezed
out Of business. AS reported
in the Nebraska newspaper:
The survey disclosed q wide-
spread resentment against
labor unions among farmers
interviewed. Many cited labor
as being largely responsible
for price increases on ma
chinery because Of recent wage
boosts in industry. Most
stressed their opposition is
directed not at the working
class but at organized labor
and union leaders. /" The news
paper reported, too, that an
overwhelming number cited
the .price-squeeze" as the
cause of their troubles. One
commented: When my wheat
was bringing So a bushel, /
paid $4,100 for q tractor. Now
wheat Is 81 and the same kind
Of tractor Is $500" It's diff
ficult to explain that kind of
thing to a farmer-aild please
him at the same time.
Most Of the farmers on the
fence politically told the Lin
coin Journal their choice next
year would depend upon what
the Eisenhower administration
does In the meantime to inn
prove the farm situation and
who the nominees Of the two
major parties are. About one
third Of the undecided farm
ers said they would support
President Eisenhower II he
seeks reelection. OF the
farmers interviewed who.
favored Eisenhower In 1852.
50 per cent said they would
vote Republican next year.
This means that 42.8 per cent
Of the farm vote In Nebraska
Is probably now lined up be-
hind the Republicans for 1855.
Weigh Other Factors
The survey indicated that
farmers next year win be
weighing other factors besides
farm prices and income. Many
who are dissatisfied with farm
conditions talked Of successes
the Eisenhower administration
has had in other fields. The
major achievement for which
they give credit to the admin
istration is peace and its main
tenance. They gave President
Eisenhower credit for accom-
plishing this almost single
handedly.
The issue Of peace has been
always appealing to the farm
areas of the country. To the
surprise Of many, in 1916, this
issue carried the country for
President Woodrow Wilson
over Republican Charles Evans
Hughes. He kept US out Of
war" was an effective slogan
in Nebraska. Kansas. North
Dakota, Utah, Wyoming, Colo
RADIO and other Western States.
Evening star., 1955-10-20
District Taxes
Mother.

Recognizing the great I'M
portance to our citizens Of ac-
curate data concerning WASH
ington taxes, the League Of
Women Voters of the District
Of Columbia appreciates the
extensive publication by The
Sunday Star of our recent
study Of comparative tax bur-
dens. However. in asserting
that we ignored the Public
Works Act tax increases. Dis
trict officials overlooked trends
In other cities.
City and State taxes
throughout the country have
been rising 5 per cent a year.
on the average. Increases in
the tax load of the IL cities
of size similar to Washing
ton ranged up to 12.9 per cent
In the one year 1853 to 1854.
Census figures give every ex-
pectation that this trend is
continuing in 1855. Our per
capita tax increase Of 1929.
which District officials esti-
mate will result from the Pub
lie Works Act. gives us an in
crease Of only 8.8 per cent over
two years! Furthermore. even
District figures (which COM
pare 1855 estimates for Wash
ington with 1854 actual figures
for other cities-show us rank
ing tenth out Of 13 cities.
Thus we see once more that
Washingtonians are carrying q
relatively light tax load. II we
are to provide the level Of
municipal services demanded
, by our citizens, we must raise
additional money. The League
Of Women Voters Is convinced
that II they are given all the
facts, our citizens will be will.
ing to pay fair city revenues.
Mrs. Henry Munroe,
President, D. c. League Of
Women Voters.
Evening star., 1955-10-20
HIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRAcEWELL

Il get awfully tired Of hear
ing people talk about things
they don't know anything
about the man said.
Don't you know" asked
Templeton Jones, that that
Is q great American pastime?''
He was right. Especially,
about traffic and transit.
The less one knows, the
more he can talk. it would
seem.
This is basic human nature.
There is. Of course. another
side to it.
A listener can never be
sure just how much the loud
speaker really does know. Per-
haps he sees an angle. all his
own, unknown to the other.
Therefore. we listen respect
fully to what others say, in
the hope Of picking up some
useful information.
A4%
Templeton Jones claims to
be a sort Of traffic expert.
He has ridden on local
streetcars and buses for a
long time.
What is the matter with the
street cars, Jones wants to
know?
They form a useful auxiliary
system. and they are here.
These two points. he be-
lieves. ought to save them.
A third point in their favor:
A youth from the Middle
West viewed all that WASH
ington has to offer, and do you
know what interested him
most?
Our underground rail sys-
temi
He said that. to his eye,
the lack Of poles and wires
throughout the city seemed
very nice, even amazing.
He expressed doubt that
anyone would consider giving
UP the system.
u Il 4 y
There are two more points
In favor of our streetcars.
One is the better ventilation.
More comfort, in other
words.
The second point is. they
favor readers.
The reader today must take
a back seat, at times, especial
ly when in a family Of enthu-
siastic television viewers.
Ordinary politeness makes
him say nothing, as he views
two ball players at a time.
Watching the World Series re-
minded him Of q boy watch
ing the game through a knot
hole.
But the truth is that the
modern streetcar, running
smoothly and comparatively
quietly on rubberized wheels,
is a much better place to read
than a jolting, humping bus.
Readers know that it is
really difficult to read on a
bus. Part Of this is due to
their very fiexihility. A bus
can pull out. suddenly. or stop
abruptly. when a taxi driver
cavorts in front of it.
This is fine, as far as safety
is concerned, but it does Jolt
the reader.
Hence one commonly sees
little book reading, especially,
aboard a modern city bus.
Temp Jones believes that
our street cars ought to be re-
tanned. II for no other reason.
Evening star., 1955-10-20
The Firing of Nh. WoIIoce

The Truman version of the firing of
Henry Wallace, as related in this weeks
issue Of Life, is not the stun of which
history is made. 1t is little too fuzzy
for that.
Mr.. Truman says his Secretary OF
Commerce told him on September 10,
1946, that he was going to make a speech
in New York on the 18th, urging that we
should look at the world through Ameri-
can eyes. Il told him." the former Pres
ident relates in his memoirs, "that was
glad he was going to help the Democrats
In New York by his appearance. There
was, OF course, no time for me to read
the speech, even in part"
There was press conference at the
White House on the morning Of the 18th,
and Mr.. Truman said then that he fully
approved the Wallace speech, to be made
that night. The memoirs continue: "of
course, should have said, He's told me
he's going to make a Speech because
everyone promptly took my answer to
mean that had read the speech and ap-
proved every part Of Its contents Then
appears this key sentence: ITO make
things worse, when Wallace delivered the
speech. which was an all-out attack on
our foreign policy, he said in the most
critical point in the speech that he had
talked to me in this vein and that had
approved of what he was saying"
But Mr.. Wallace did not tell his New
York audience that he had talked to the
President about the speech. This is what
he actually said: "And just two days ago,
when President Truman read these.
words, he said that they represented the
policy of his administration"
This statement that the President
had read the speech in advance of deliv-
cry went unquestioned and undenied for
48 hours. Then, on September IA, Mr..
Truman issued statement saying that
there had been natural misunder-
standing" and that ut was my inten-
ton presumably at the press conference
on the 12th) to express the thought that
approve the right of the Secretary OF
Commerce to deliver the speech" This
still was not specific denial of the
Wallace statement that the President
had read the speech.
On September 10 1t was. announced
that Mr.. Wallace had agreed with the
President not to make any further
speeches until after the Paris Peace Con-
ference, then under way. This, of course,
left the impression that he would be free
to renew his attack on our foreign policy
when the Paris conference ended. On
the 18th, Secretary of State ByrneS, re-
covering in Paris from the shock Of the
bombshell dropped on him on the 18th,
lodged bitter protest with the President
in a teletype conversation On the goth,
Mr.. Truman called Mr.. Wallace in and
asked for his resignation. Judging from
the memoirs, however, this resulted from
the Presidents irritation because Wallace
did not keep commitment to say
nothing, except for an agreed-upon
written statement, about their September
18 discussion.
If Mr. Truman, at the time, ever
really understood how Mr.. Wallace had
pulled the rug from under his admins
tration and his foreign policy, that
understanding does not appear on the
face Of the memoirs.
Evening star., 1955-10-20
BUDGET Boloncer

Not many months ago, we
heard much about the drive for
nonsegregated schools. There
were promises made Of econ
orny by combining white and
Negro schools, fewer teachers,
etc. The end Of segregation
was to be a cure-all for over
crowded conditions. Now we
read of demands for more
schools, more teachers. better
schools. higher salaries for
teachers. which leads me to
wonder what have We gained
by ending segregation?
Why can't we use some COM
mon sense regarding this situ-
alton? II we must have more
schools, we must have more
money TO meet this situation.
The taxpayer is not happy
about having higher taxes inn
posed on him. In order to
remedy this situation. the cost
should be placed on the par
ents who are sending their
children to public schools in
the District. I would suggest
that the schools collect q small
amount $50 cents) for each
child in school, at the end Of
each month. This would
amount to q nice sum each
month, which could be used
toward q building fund, teach
ers' salaries. improvements.
etc. It should make the par
ents who are making PTA
speeches about better schools
in the District Of Columbia
area very happy to contribute
and the taxpayers would not
have to have an additional
burden. especially those who
do not have children in public
school.