davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-10
.Lankford-SnlaII
Election Among
Most Costly

Last falls contest between
Representative Landlord, Demo-
crat. and former Representative
Small, Republican. in Mary
lands 5th district was the Sec
ond most expensive congressional
race in the Nation. according
to campaign expenses filed by
all candidates.
Not far behind was Virginia's
10th district race between Re-
publican Representative Broy-
hill and John c. Webb of Fair
fax-the man the Democratic
National Committee tried hard
est to elect. This race ranked
as the Nations ninth most costly
campaign.
Maryland's 9Th district race
between Representative Hyde.
Republican. and Democrat Ed
ward j. Ryan, also was among
the Nations most expensive
campaigns. although not in the
top 10" bracket.
Contest Cost S34,589
A survey by Congressional
Quarterly of campaign expenses
filed by the candidates-which
may not reflect the true pic
ture-shows that the Landlord
Small contest cost a total of
S34,589.54 last year. some $4,000
less than reported by opponents
in New York's 9Th district.
However. in their previous
set-to in 1852. Mr.. Lankf0rd
and Mr.. Small were at the top
of the list with a total of $685.
LOG. .02 reported.
Last fall Mr.. Small reported
$21 $500 spent and Mr.. Lank-
ford, $13,013.51. Two years ear
lier, the Republican spent $14,-
207.07 while the Democrat paid
$18,898.32.
$4,000 a Seat
Maryland as whole, was ex-
ceeded only by the State of
Washington in the total expense
involved for all races. The Is
candidates for the seven seats
in the Free State reported a
total of $1,000. or an average
of $4,000 a seat. In 1852, the
IA contests in Maryland totaled
100000 and the average about
$4,000.
In Virginia's 10th District con-
test, the Democratic National
Committee advanced $5,896.50
toward the effort of Mr.. Webb
to unseat Representative Broy-
hill. This was the highest sim |
gle contribution reported by the
committee for any congressional
race in 1854.
Mr.. Broyhill reported spend
ing $12,085.47 and Mr.. Webb
reported $6,769.19.
Two years earlier, Mr.. Broy-
hill had spent $5,397.04 to win
his first election over Democrat
Edmund D. Campbell, who re-
ported $7,747.61.
In the 9Th District of Mary
land, Mr.. Hyde reported spend
ing $12,431.15 last year to win
over Mr.. Ryan, who reported
$4,201.70. In 1852, Mr.. Hyde
reported $11,501.16 when he de-
feated Mrs. Stella Werner, DEM
ocrat, who reported $779.39.
Both, Representatives Smith
and Harrison. Virginia Dem
ocrats, reported minor expenses.
In Mr.. Smiths 9Th district con-
test against Miss Charmenz Len
hart, Independent. Of Fred
ericksburg. he reported spending
$548.33 and she listed $2,012.83.
In the 7th shenandoah VAL
ley district, Mr.. Harrison spent
$358.28 while his opponent. John
Ruddick. Republican. reported
$3,180.40.
The figures may not tell the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-10

per cent in 1910, to 35.5 per cent
in 1850, and to an estimated
ABS per cent in 1855. the per-
centages for the whole area
have been 23.8 in 1910, 23.4 per
cent in 1850, and an estimated
1856 per cent in 1855.
This is due to the facts that
the white population of the sub
urbs has increased much faster
than the colored population
there, with the reverse being true
in the District due to social and
economic circumstances.
Per-Capita Income Down
One result of The generally
lower economic status OF the
colored population is that the
per-capita income of the Dis
trict has declined as the proper
ton of the colored population
has increased. In addition, the
decline has occurred while the
average for the whole country
has gone up.
The trend is shown in these
figures from the Commerce De-
partment giving the average
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-10

fun story. Federal law does not
require filing primary expenses
but, In the South particularly
Democrats are frequently in
volved in hot and expensive pri-
mary battles. Nor does the law
require reports from political
committees working in behalf OF
candidate. unless they operate
in more than one State Or are
branches Of national groups.
Thus State and county central
committees may spend large
sums in congressional races but
need not report to Congress.
Chairman Hennings of q Sem
ate Privileges and Elections sub
committee. will begin hearings
Tuesday on his bill to revise and
modernize the. Federal law on
campaign expenditures. Among
provisions Of his bill and another
sponsored by Representative
Udali. Democrat. Of Arizona, the
law would be charged to:
Cover all elections, including
primaries: require all committees
to file expenses; prevent COM
mittees from operating without
authorization from a candidate;
raise campaign limits for all
types Of spending to s50,U00 for
Senators and $12.500 for House
members, or sum obtained by
multiplying the total number
OF votes cast for the office by
10 cents. In no case would the
limit exceed $3.50, 900 for Sem
ators and $25, 900 for Represent
atives.
Whole Story Not Told
Both Mr., Landlord and MI.
Broyhill were quick to agree that
the reports filed by candidates
do not tell the whole story.
THE law is vague and has a
lot OF loopholes," Mr.. Broyhill
said. "A great deal is left up
to the conscience of the candi-
date and to his individual inter-
probation.
"You know for a fact that it
cost more to run the campaign
than the figures given. But the
way the present law Is written,
only certain expenses must be
reported. The figures don't mean
a thing"
MIR. Landlord took a measure
OF personal pleasure out of the
figures, even though his race was
next to the most expensive.
After ALL" he said. II spent
some $500 less than my OPP
ponent, and I Won"
'Meticulous' In Accounts
The Maryland lawmaker said
his race was ranked so high be-
cause the candidates were, per-
haps, more "meticulous" in keep
ing account of their expenses.
Mr.. Broyhill reflected the same
view when he said, 1.-The more
you try to comply with the law.
the more your expenses will
show. This, of course, does not
imply dishonesty on the part of
any one.
But I'd like to see a law that
prohibits any organization, such
as labor, or individuals outside
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-10

And in spite of billions spent on
pump printing. it fell far short OF
| its goals of full employment and
production in peacetime.
! President Roosevelt was a
warm and magnetic man,
Women wept and shrieked at
the sight Of him. People were
injured and even killed in crowds
surging and showing to get near
him.
Yet he could be bitter or even
indicative. He once awarded
Nazi iron cross to a reporter
he thought had written unfair
ly rejecting upon another news
, man who had entered the Army.
At times he walked deliberately
on shaky legal and Constitutional
ground. The Observation-Disclosures
trade with Britain was an ex-
ample.
| In his famous first 100 days
that rewrote the economic laws.
F. D. r. held the hoop and Con-
gress jumped through. Later,
conservative Democrats and iso-
| lationists Of both parties began
/ to drift away from him.
| Mr.. Roosevelt strongly rejected
| Communist backing as early as
his first bid for reelection in
! 1886. Still. the names of men on
| the order of Alger Hiss appear on
| the rosters of his administration.
He set and shattered prece-
dents on grand scale.
| He was the first chief execu-
tive to fly, to leave the country
in wartime, to report to the peo-
pile by radio, to place woman in
the Cabinet. And he was the
first President. and the last &C
cording to the changed Consti-
tuition. to run for and win a
third term and then a fourth.
Sense of Humor.
He was a man who could roar
at jokes on himself and delighted
in pulling them on others.
The Roosevelt humor and wit
found their way into many Presi-
dental speeches. Along with
them went magnificent, moving
phrases. F. D. r. could open up
a sweeping vista in a minimum
of words: II see one third of a
nation ill-housed, ill-clad, ILL
nourished.'
A number of persons who
served on the Roosevelt team
or knew him in one capacity or
another were asked in inter-
views for appraisals of Mr..
Roosevelt in 10-year retrospect.
OF the men who fell before him
in the political arena, Wendell l..
Willkie is dead and former Presi-
dent Herbert Hoover and former
Gov. Thomas E. Dewey of New
York declined to be questioned.
Former Gov. ALT M. Landon of
Kansas had this to say when
asked to state Mr.. Roosevelt's
greatest strengths and accom-
plishments and his greatest
weakness and failures:
II think his greatest accom-
plishment was giving leadership
to the awakening of the Ameri-
can people to new sense of civic
consciousness in dealing with
the social and economic problems
of an expanding, complex indus
trial society. and his greatest
weakness was the superficial way
in which he attempted to solve
many of them"
Wartime Leadership
Ex-advisers Bernard Baruch
and Samuel Rosenman listed his
wartime leadership as among
his outstanding accomplish
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-10

"a congressional district, from
contributing to a campaign"
According to reports filed by
II labor organizations. Mr.. Broy-
hills opponent. Mr.. Webb, re-
ceived $4,000 in contributions
while the Republican received
none. Nationwide. these labor
groups reported contributions to
only four Republican candidates.
all of whom were reelected.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-10
BY DOUGLAS B. CORNELL
Associated Press stan Writer


Ten years ago a President
died. A nation wept. An epoch
ended.
A massive cerebral hemorrhage
brought to a sudden. stunning
close on April IL, 1945, the un-
precedented 12- year term OF
Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Seldom has the death OF one
individual struck America and
the world with such emotional
impact.
President Roosevelt's brimming
confidence had lifted up a whole
nation in the dreary days OF
apple selling and soup kitchens
It had lifted up free men-"the
massed, angered forces OF COM
mon humanity" he called them
in a war against Axis agrees
sion.
Now, a decade later. violent
controversy still swirls around
the way he used his enormous
powers and the results he got.
May Be Years
The stil which followed the
recent release of the Yalta pa
pers points up one fact: 1t may
be more decades before history
can put F.D.R. in proper per-
spective.
Raymond E. Moley. Mr.. Roose-
velt's> No. / braintruster in the
early days, calls what took place
at Yalta an unbelievable sur
| render"
Former War Production Board
Leader Charles E. Wilson OBJ
serves that "Yalta is going to be
awfully hard to explain" But
Robert E. Sherwood, author and
latter day Roosevelt speech aid,
contends, with ex-advisor Sam
suel I. Rosenman taking a similar
position, that any Roosevelt
failure at Yalta was not in max
ing agreements with Russia but
in not "foreseeing that Russia
would fail to keep them"
Fleet Admiral William D..
Leahy, Mr.. Roosevelt's wartime
chief of staff. who was there,
says: "Yalta was no sellout."
Mrs. F.D.R.'s Opinion.
The person who knew him
best, Mrs. Roosevelt, says that
at first she thought her husband
would be remembered longest
and most favorably for giving
the American people "a sense
that they participated in gov
eminent"
Interviewed in her New York
home recently, she said: 'The
greatest thing he accomplished
was to make people all over the
world feel that he, and therefore
our country. actually was con-
cerned about them and was in
tereSteQ IN Lnelr problems.
An outstanding weakness. she
said, was his inability to get
rid of people who were friends
but no longer useful or effective.
Linked with this weakness.
Mrs. Roosevelt added, was the
way in which Franklin gave
people the impression he agreed
with them when he really didn't
at all"
Many deeds of his administra-
ton have become an indelible
part of American life. Social
Security, for example, and bank
deposit and housing loan in
surance, and registration of Sc
curities.
But the Roosevelt regime also
left tremendous national debt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-10

crease of the white population
of the District was 5.403; of the
colored population, 5,496, for a
total of 10,899. For the suburbs
the figures were: white. 1875;
colored, 1852; total, 15,037.
Here are the figures for 1858:
District - White natural in
crease, 5,095; colored, 6,901;
total, 1896.
Suburbs White, 1876,
colored. 1896; total, 20,182.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-10

In 1850, the per-caplta income
in the District was the highest
in the Nation, with Delaware
second. Delaware. in 1858. was
at the top with $2,304, and Con-
necticut, Nevada and New York
were ahead of the District. Sig
nificantly, these figures are for
the whole States, including both
rural and urban areas, while the
District is entirely urban.
For the area which includes
the District and the cloSe-ln
suburban territory. there has
been an increase in the median
family income (both white and
colored) from about $4,000 in
1949 to $5.107 in 1854, or a gain
of some II per cent.
The area considered here in
cludes 235, 900 District families
and 10000 families in the ada
cent residential areas. The popu-
lation is put at 1,425 900, against
an estimated 1,779,700 for the
whole Metropolitan Area.
1t has been pointed out that
while the District has about 46
per cent of the Metropolitan
Areas total population, the load
on the Districts welfare agen-
cies is IS per cent of the total,
DR.. Pickard pointed out, how
ever, that the District has only
about a third of the school load.
taking in both operations and
construction, because the sub
urban areas have a heavier
building program facing them.
The Overall Figures
For the metropolitan area as
a whole. DR.. Pickard put the
population total at f.779,700 on
January /, 1854. and 1927, 200
on January /, 1865. The 1860
population he put at 2,040, 600,
including 1,550, 600 white people
and 100000 or "a per cent. col
ored.
He then made projection to
1870. A low projection resulted
in a figure of 100000. including
100000 white and $40, 1000. or.
26.9 per cent, colored. A high
projection gave a total figure of
2.500.000, based on a continual
ton of the present rates of nat.
ural increase and an expecta-
ton of continued economic ex-
pansion
How the suburbs have out
stripped the District in popula-
ton is seen by these figures from
Census counts and. for 1855, an
estimate:
1900 - Washington. 278,7l8:
suburbs, 99.887: total for the
metropolitan area. 378.6o5.
1920 - Washington, 437,571:
suburbs. 1881; metropolitan
area. 571 1882.
1910 Washington, 663,081
suburbs. 304.894; metropolitan
area. 967,985.
1850 - Washington, 1921
suburbs, 661.9l1; metropolitan
area, 1864. 089.
1855 - Washington, $4,000:
suburbs. $4,000; metropolitan
area, 1920
; The shift is also demonstrated
by the reports on births and
deaths. In 1850 the natural in
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-08-01
Montana Offers Opportunities
For Expanded Hog Production

THERE ARE opportunities for profit
able growth in and expansion of the
swine industry in Montana, particularly
in areas that produce feed grains, said
John Fl. ZeIler, head of swine research
at the BeltsvsIle, Md, research center
when he visited Montana State College
in July.
While here Zeller met with about 20
swine producers near Bozeman and
visited some before inspection of the
research work with hogs. at the us.
Range Livestock Experiment Station
at Miles City
Mr.. Zeller'S prediction about hogs in
Montana was made because Montana
is not producing any more than its
own pork needs. He pointed out that
Montana-produced feeds, properly sup
plemented with prOteins. minerals,
vitanins and antibiotics will produce
excellent pork.
Here are some of the other reasons:
The hog mas been proved mortgage
litter. A hog will produce two Iitters Of
pigs a year The hog gains rapidly,
uses feed economically and yields about
rs per cent of live weight in nutritious,
quality pork for human eating.
Plan your program, grow into the
business gradually, determine the num-
Der most suitable for the type of farm
ing and then keep that size of herd
year after year, was Mr.. ZelIer's adj
vice to present and prospective swine
producers.
State and federal research stations
started development of medium or in
termediate type of hogs as the most
practical for farmers This was in the
2Os. In 1894 the Danish Landrace hog
was imported for crossing with Ameri-
can breeds.
AS a result of this research there
are now six new breeds developed from
a crosSbred foundation of two or more
breeds. They are Minnesota Nos. / and
3, Montana No. 1, and BeltsvilIe Nos.
and g. These are registered in the
Inbred Livestock Registry association,
Farm, St. Paul.
CTOSSDTe0ulnS Win improved SLralnS
las increased efficiency. From 8 to
per cent more pigs are raised and they
grow to 2 per cent faster than pure
,reds. Crossbreeding appears to save
about 5 to per cent in total feed cost
md pigs reach market weight about
5 days earlier.
To produce the meat type hog re-
Iuires right breeding, right feeding and
at the right weight to pro-
luce high yields of lean cuts without
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-08-01

too much fat. The ration must contain
carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and
vitamins in proper proportions.
So-called synthetic milks were tried.
They were rot too successful under
farm conditions. They were discOntin-
ued and dry or Serni-solid starter diets
were tried with pigs allowed to suckle
from four 70 six weeks. Tt is too soon to
draw conclusions on this latter pro-
gram. Zeller said.
At BeItsville, researchers are study
ing the effect of dietary factors on rate
and efficiency of growth and on car
cass quality They upped the proportion
of alfalfa meal from to is per cent
and reduced the thickness of backfat,
and rate of growth. An antiobiotic
supplement, BIZ, increased the growth
rate significantly for the first 81 days
with little effect on backfat
Further research increased the litter
size at weaving by III pigs. Adequate
feeding during CESSATION did it. Increas-
ing the protein from Is to 20 per cent
crude protein or supplementing with
BIZ concentrate, did equally well.
Mere pork, less feed
The effect of improved diet means
that IA per cent less sows will produce
100 pigs at a saving in feed, labor and
overhead.
A few comparisons listed by Zeller
illustrate the exceptional progress
made Agricultural Experiment sta
tionS in 1880 showed that it required
4O3 pounds of feed to produce 100 pounds
of gain from SO to 225 pounds live
weight. BY 1850 the feed requirements
for 100 pounds of gain had dropped to
1852 pounds Figuring feed at $50 per
ton. the IS million pig crop of 1850 was
produced with a saving of $238 million.
Zeller paid high tribute to the re-
search work with hogs done by the
US. Range Livestock Experiment sta
ion at Miles City. This work was
started in 1925. The Montana No.
)reed was developed there from the
Danish Landrace and unbelted Hamp-
hire cross as foundation stock This
reed is making favorable impressions
Large filters, mothering
bility. carcass quality, feed lot per-
ormance and combining ability with
stocks are helping to &C
omplish this.
1.-The farmers of Montana could well
uild an industry on the hog developed
7ithin your borders" said Zeller in
raise of the Miles City station devel-
ped Montana No. breed.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-08-01

Montana Farmer
Sioekman's
New Accident
Insurance
Policy Is
Designed
Especially for
Farmers and
Ramchers and
Members OF
Their Immediate
Families.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1955-02-19
CHATTER BOX
BY LEATHA ANDERSON

Hi there! How's life serving
you Messarounders and Earth An
gelsi Love! Love! says Andrew
Bell and Margie Smith who seem
to be that way about each other
at the ball game between Tougaloo
and Jackson College and Deloris
Martin wasn't pleased at the sight.
Earnestsine Stubs and Agustia
Taylor not the twosome? Ben
Warren and Lucille Slaughter are
the couple of the month and will
always be-Ben is leaving for over
seas in a jiffy, but warning you
fellows that Hands Off Lucille"
gee whiz. Roy Taylor is the pris-
oner of a new love. I glimpsed
at the game these dazzling BEAU
TIES, and alone too Dana John
son, Juanita Stubs, Shirley Mayes,
Irene Farmer, Martha Davis, Fam
ME Holmes, Tavern Parker, Uethel
Burks and Vera White. / got .
Lonely Heart List this week: Phil
lip Rodgers, Otis Simmons Walter
William, Caloyn Garrett, Johnnie
McFueld, and Raymond Shoemaker
Joyce Campbell and Malcolm
Black are happier than ever. Le-
dora Hubbard and fedora Powell
and having fun with those two New
York fellows that are at Tougaloo.
Where was Freeda Martin last Sat
urday-why was William Marshall
alone? A wild goose told me that
Sylvia Mckay is the dream girl Of
Lawrence Ross. Has Lawrence
Rhodes told Vera, Earnestine Lee
and Willetta Sadberry the truth
Rachel Bully is still receiving long
letters from William Speech. Eu-
gene Marshall and Helen Donerson
are closer than ever. Mary NAL
lard and Willie "Moon" Brown are
LOWE dovie. Earlee Guice, Dorothy
Hawkins, and a couple more chicks
are the mail readers of Johnny
Bully. Henry Watson and Inez
Kersh are thinking about tieing
the knot. Corine Jones and Percy
Johnson are saying II Do" the day
after commencement. Well what
you say Joe Graham, George
Jackson and Elizabeth Harper are
the ideal couple this month-won-
der what will happen next month ?
J. D. Beamon and May Jean Dor
sey are the new couple-so Jerry
Kimble and Ode Morris just cool
it and until l see you Jivers may
the February winds not blow you
and your love away.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1955-02-19
ParceLPost Rates Should Pay Costs

With President Eisenhower asking Congress to increase
postage rates up third provide with which to
grant wage increases government employees may be Of
general interest to outline present parcepos system
Here is statement from A. L. Hammel president of Rail
way Express Inc admittedly hard hit by
competition which subsidized part by funds taken from the
taxpayer:
1T is staggering consider he said that for every dollar
shipper spent on parcel post during 194795 AZ had
added by general taxpayer make the difference
shipper paid and what provide parcel post
transportation.
The total deficit for hve-yea period 72O million
dollars deficit figure includes 200 million dollars of post
Office attributable fourth class mail operations paid for by other
Government departments
Our free enterprise is going be in real trouble, Mr.
Hamme shippers succeed putting Government further
business seeking special privilege will
stop getting fill their stockings ees
pense?
why parcel should be sufficient
t O for the service, a least
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1955-02-19

The above picture is Mary Dinah
Mallard who is a senior of Lanier
High School. Miss Mallard is an
active student in both social and
education affairs. She is secre-
tary of home room FOG, (Mr. M. j.
Lyells, instructor); business man.
ager of the library club, a member
of the chior, a member of the ORA
matte Club, and a majorette in the
band.
Miss Mallard is a member of the
North Jackson Christian Church.
She is secretary of the student
council, a music student of Mr.. D.
E. Galloway. Miss Mallard plans
to attend Tougaloo College and
make secondary teaching her pro-
fession. She is the daughter of
Mrs. Minnie Lee Mallard of 232
East Ash Street. (By Leatha An
derson.)