davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-02-11
Dorothy Thompson
Dorothy Thon7pson-
Khrushchev Rise Is Not Recent
As Boss Of Party, He Is the Ultimate Ruler of Russia;
MoLotov Speech Contained SIGNIFICANT Statements

From the standpoint of for
eign policy it is possible to ex-
aggerate the Importance of the
shift in the Soviet Union.
The most important posi-
ton in the USSR has always
been that of the Secretary of
the Communist Party. Stain
achieved total power from this
position alone. The Commu-
mist Party, and in effect its
first secretary. is the ultimate
ruler of Russia, and in every
showdown is the real boss. The
government apparatus and the
army are instruments of the
party, the party is the instru-
ment of the secretary. and
the secretary has been Nikita
Khrushchev all along.
In the government appara-
tuS the one functionary who
might have challenged this
dominance was the head of the
secret police. But the liquida-
tion of Beria eliminated that
contender, and the powers of
the office have since been
strictly contained. Now the
Party (KhruShchev) has fired
the head of the government
CMalenkov) on the mild charge
of incompetence and given the
Job to a cooperative party
political general, Bulganin.
For the past two months
Khrushchev has not even at
tempted to hide the fact that
he was the real boss. He has
been consistently played up
over Malenkov in the press,
and has been. with press sup
port, the chief public contender
for more dynamic economic
policy, with priority given to
okSb lIlulAIIH,
and to heavy industry versus
the production of consumer
goods.
Agriculture is the Achilles
heel of the Soviet economy (it
always has BEEN. It's develop
ment, as we'll as the interna-
tional crisis. demands the ex-
pansion of heavy industry.
Khrushchev has advocated the
vast extension of collective
farms. including the plowing
up of millions of acres OF
virgin soil in the Soviet east,
and that calls for a greatly in
creased output of agricultural
machinery.
At the same time, there is
Evening star., 1955-02-11

an external crisis on two
fronts. No one knows the
details of the agreement be-
tween the Soviet Union and
Red China, but it certainly in
cludes furnishing the latter
with military equipment
which also requires emphasis
on heavy industry. And, of
course, backing the Red Chi
nese politically. This political
backing Foreign Minister Mol
otov, a key figure untouched
by the new shift, faithfully
reconf1rmed in his speech last
Tuesday.
Although this speech was
even more bellicose in tone
than usual, it contained little
of substance that has not been
said before, though some pas
Sages may have great signifi-
cance. In speaking of Asia a
pointed gesture was made
toward India as a rising cen
ter of international authority"
and toward Indonesia, Japan,
ard the Arab and other Middle
Eastern states. all outside the
Soviet bloc.
This might indicate that the
Soviet Union is not favorable
to any extension of Red Chi
nese hegemony over nom
Chinese territory, and would
not support such ambitions,
If they exist.
1t was clearly stated that
the European front and the
German crisis were not of sec
ondary Importance to the East
ern front created by the crisis
over Formosa, and in this
connection Molotov counted
the Soviet Union for the first
time as an exclusively Euro
pean power. He estimated
the population of Europe as
roughly 600 million" of
which "a little less than half
have entered the road
Of socialism and democracy
(communism).
Now. the population of
Europe" is 600 million, with
about 300 million Communists,
only If the Soviet Union to
the Arctic and the Chinese
frontier is counted part Of it.
So one can deduce that the
Russian primary interest is
Europe.
That the Soviets are able,
Evening star., 1955-02-11
Constantine Brown

Some Pollyannas claim to
see a silver lining in the dark
clouds which came over the
world at the time of the dra-
matte changes in Moscow.
These optimiSts, both in
military and civilian circles,
believe it may be easier to
cope with a Russia under con-
troll of hard-bitten military
men than under devious and
crooked-minded civilian die
tators as in the past.
For one thing, it looks as
if the much-feared state Sc
cret security police may take
third or fourth place in the
USSR. The present Soviet
government which has set up
the civilian KhruShchev as die
tator appears definitely to be
a military oligarchy.
The President of the SovieG
Republics. which heretofore
has been a mere honorary
post, is Marshal Voroshilov--
a tried professional soldier.
Premier Bulganin is a civilian
in uniform, but he has worn
the gold braid for so long
that he feels he belongs to
the caste. Marshals zhukov-
apparently the most important
figure in the new setup -
Konev. Vasilevsky. Chuikov.
Antonov and KuznetSov are all
professional soldiers with dis
tinguished or good records in
the last war. Like military
men all over the world, they
hate the secret police snooper.
1t will be remembered that
in Germany the military
hated the Gestapo to a point
where the chief of the armed
forces intelligence. Admiral
Canaris, in association with a
number of distinguished gen.
erals plotted against Hitler not
only in the late stages of the
war but actually before its
outbreak. One Of the main rea-
sons for their opposition to the
Fuehrer was his reliance on
the Gestapo and the prefer
ence he was giving the SIS
troops over those of the regu-
lar army.
Evening star., 1955-02-11
Tito declared in a speech on ar
irving.
r:xo. Vn~I.. =. A..

Tito declared in speech on ar
irving.
Cites Welcome in Asia.
"The race in arms exists" he
continued. I'VE will not join
those who believe that problems
should be settled by arms. That
would mean a catastrophe for
the human race"
He expressed appreciation for
the warm welcome he received
in neutralist India and Burma.
The world is fortunate, he con-
tinued, that there are other
countries which look, as we do,
on world problems, that we have
Joined together to calm down
world passions to pursue the path
of peace and not that of arms
and force.
"Peace-loving people are deter
mined not to help those who be-
lieve in force" he declared. add
ing that the Yugoslav people
would stand firm on that policy.
Tito made no mention of this
weeks shift in the leadership of
the Russian government or its
Evening star., 1955-02-11
Fletcher KnebeI-
Potomac Fever

The White House is awaiting this cable from Marshal
zhukov in Moscow: Have golf bag. Will travel"
Marshal Zhukov, wartime friend named
Soviet Defense Minister Both shot differ
that Ike doesn't have keep looking
to who's doing the shooting.
Democrats claim likes Federal aid for education
enough Democrats satisfied with higher pay
teachers They the kid-to encourage
to tolerate the teachers.
Ousted Russian Premier Malenkov Minister of
Power" Correction Moscow Shouldn't that power?
One thing about communism. The Russian taxpayer can't
complain much about the economical retirement system the
government bosses have worked out for each other.
The big dispute of the moment is whether the
have H-bombS than do. The way going
important question got
Allen Dulles Central Intelligence looking
house in Washington He needs to entertain all the
committees Congress is creating to supervise" him.
Evening star., 1955-02-11
Doris FIeeson-
Dors FIeeson-
Big Highway Program Snogged
Republican Governors From West Are Leading
Critics of EisenhoWer's $lOl Billion Plan

The White House is beset
with troubles over it's proposed
S101 billion road program,
which was originally sched-
uled to reach Congress Janu
airy 27.
Republican Governors from
the less populous States of
the West are among the pro-
grams chief critics. They OBJ
iect to the proposal to give
special credits for toll roads
that are part of the interstate
highway system.
TheS Governors contend
that toll roads are uneconomic
for their vast distances and
sparse populations. They be-
lieve that in the end they
would either have to build such
roads at a loss or let a dis
proportionate share of Federal
aid go to the big States of the
East and Midwest.
Gov. Paul Patterson of
Oregon is in this group. And
since he is being groomed to
run against independent Sem
ator Wayne Morse next year,
his situation is of more than
ordinary concern to the White
House. The other Governors
concerned also are ardent
Eisenhower supporters.
Evening star., 1955-02-11

Union ever recovered their
lost liberties. Today even a
military hero in Moscow is the
prisoner of Communist in
trigue and Communist Party
supremacy. For every soldier
of high rank obeys an existing
regime implicitly. 1t is some
thing imbedded in his train
ing-a habit of obeying orders.
That's why some of the other
things that Marshal Zhukov
said in his interview this week
will be discounted as the of
fetal line" He has talked
about America also in the past
year in phrases that suggest
he had a Communist mentor
write for him the views he
expressed.
But the new situation in
Soviet Russia could mean the
eventual ascendancy of Mar
shall Zhukov to the top place.
Since the death of Stain, he
has become the outstanding
military man of the country,
and his popular following can
not be overlooked by the poll
ticians. The fact that they
risked putting him into the
government at all must mean
that he has achieved a posi-
tion of such commanding
strength that he could no
longer be ignored as he was
during the postwar years
when Stain gave him an OBJ
scure post in Odessa and kept
him out of the limelight.
AS between the theory that
the downfall of Malenkov por-
tends a tougher Soviet policy,
with a threat of war, and the
prediction that an era with
some sort of effort to reach an
understanding with the West
is about to begin, this CORE
spondent inclines to the latter
concept and would not be sur
priSed if the man who plays
a prominent part in such a
peace plan is Marshal Zhukov
himself.
Reproduction Rights Reseryed.)
Evening star., 1955-02-11
Could Zhukov Bring Us Peace?
Eisenhowers Friendship With Soviet Military Hero
Could PoY Some Handsome Dividends in Future

White House. he has proved
the very antithesis of the con-
cept of a military man which
has been so widely held.
But could these two men
Zhukov and EisenhoWer-get
together and talk things over?
This concrete question was
raised at the Presidents press
conference this week, and he
answered guardedly that he
would have to take up such
proposal with his advisers.
Meanwhile. Marshal Zhukov
in Moscow in an interview
earlier this week with William
Randolph Hearst, jr., head of
the Hearst group of newspa-
pers, and Kingsbury Smith of
the International News Service
referred specifically to the two
times he had been invited by
Gen. Eisenhower to visit Amer
lea and expressed the hope
that his dream of coming here
might some day be realized.
He said that he didn't think
relations at the moment made
it suitable" for him to come
at this time. but he hoped re-
lations would improve.
What does all this mean?
Plainly the rise of Marshal
zhukov is a significant devel-
opment. Today, of course. he
is an officeholder backed by
the Communist Party. He has
to stick closely to their doc
trine. If he came to the United
States as an envoy of the pres
ent Communist regime, he
would not get the same kind of
reception as he might get if he
were the elected representative
of the Soviet people as re-
suit of a free election.
There may come a time
when some spokesman of a
free government which has
overturned - perhaps with a.
bloodless revolution - the
clique who rule Soviet Russia
today. can visit the United
States and be welcomed with
trust. Such an occasion could
arise if the people of the Soviet
Evening star., 1955-02-11

whom he liked. The two COM
manders met in Berlin after
the defeat of the Nazis and
exchanged impressions and
thoughts about the Russian
and Western strategy. AS was
befitting to the circumstances
they heaped compliments on
each other.
zhukov, who is far less dip
lomatic than Eisenhower, said:
There is one objection I have
to the American way of fight
ing. You waste too much time,
and speed can be frequently
precious to victory in avoiding
casualties. For instance, when
in your advances you suspect
mine fields ahead, you send
engineers with e-detecting
devices to probe the ground
and explode the mines by your
new-fangled instruments. 1t
is only after this operation has
been completed that your
troops are ordered to advance.
That may be all right, but look
at the time wasted. When I
was advancing toward Berlin
I sent my troops ahead with
out such precautions. They
did find mined fields. A couple
of divisions were blown up but
we advanced after them with
out anything more than loss
of life and reached our objec-
tive without undue delay. That
is war"
This military philosophy"
of the Red marshal shared by
all other Red commanders
does not presage a policy of
timidity or concern over what
will happen to the world If
they decide the USSR is ready
to go on a rampage. But at
least, the optimists say, they
will not do so unless they feel
reasonably ready for victory.
And according to what WASH
ington hears, the Soviet gen.
eral staff is not prepared yet
to take on the United States.
They will bluster to further
intimidate our already timid
Western allies and isolate us
further, not by offers of CO.
existence but by actual mill
tary threats.
Evening star., 1955-02-11
New Climb Record
For Planes Claimed
BY the Associated Press

ST. LOUIS. Feb. 1.-THE Nc
Donnell Aircraft Corp. said yes
terday a Navy F3H-1N Demon
plane recently established an
unofficial record climb of 10000
feet in II seconds at Lambert
st. Louis Airport. The previous
record was 73 seconds.
The plane. manufactured by
Mcdonnell. was piloted by one
of the firms test pilots, Chester
V. Braun of st. Louis. A Nc
Donnell spokesman said the
single-jet Demon was timed
from a standing start to 10000
feet by instruments in the fighter
and by one aerial and two ground
observers.
Evening star., 1955-02-11
Tito Ends Asia Trip,
Declares His Nation
Won't Join Any Bloc
BY the Associated Press

BELGRADE, Yugoslavia, Feb.
u.-Yugoslav President Tito said
again today that Yugoslavia will
not enter any bloc-Communist
or Western-but will pursue an
independent course to support
the policy of peace"
Sun-bronzed from his 73-day
trip to India, Burma and Egypt,
the Yugoslav Communist leader
disembarked from the naval ship
Caleb at the Adriatic seaport of
Rijeka. Belgrade Radio reported
thousands cheered him and sing
ing schoolchildren scattered
flowers over the waterfront.
I'VE believe that blocs lead
toward conflicts and conflicts are
the major danger of humanity"
Evening star., 1955-02-11
David Lawrence

If it were left to just two
men President Eisenhower
and Marshal zhukov, the new
Defense Minister in Moscow
there probably could be an era
Of peace and understanding in
the world.
For there is an intensely hu-
man aspect to the friendship
which developed in wartime
between the commander in
chief of the American and
Allied forces in Europe and
the commander in chief of the
Soviet forces.
Long before Gen. EiSen-
hover became President he
talked to intimate friends of
his meetings in Berlin in 1945
with Marshal Zhukov. From
the statements made this very
week in Moscow to newspaper
men by the new cabinet min
lister who will be in charge of
all defense for Soviet Russia,
it is evident that the friend
ship has not been forgotten by
the Soviet leader.
Marshal Zhukov is a mill
tary hero in Soviet Russia and,
if he alone were to decide on
future policy, there would be
much less to fear even though
he has a military background.
For, contrary to a rather Gu
rious impression that seems to
have been fostered in pacifiSt
quarters where the word
"militarism" is loosely used to
describe a mania to start
flghting-the truth is mill
tary men usually do not want
war and lean over backward to
avoid it. Generals who have
the responsibility of ordering
young men to face death are
often the last people to urge
the use of war as an instru-
ment Of national policy.
If Marshal Zhukov could
speak his own thoughts freely,
he probably would say the
same things that Mr.. Eisen-
hover has been saying against
war. Actually, since Mr.. Ell
senhower has been in the
Evening star., 1955-02-11
January Retail Sales
Set at $13.3 Billion
BY the Assoeiated Press

pY me Assoeioted PTeSs
The Commerce Department
estimated yesterday that sales
by retail store in January
amounted to $l3.3 billion.
This advance estimate, ad-
justed for seasonal influences,
indicated that sales fell off by
l per cent from the December
level but were 10 per cent higher
than in January, 1854.
Evening star., 1955-02-11
March of Dimes Dance

The sixth annual winter con-
cert of the Montgomery Blair
High School Band, sponsored by
the Blair Band Booster Commit
tee. will be held at 8 pm. tomor-
row in the new boys gymnasium
on Wayne avenue, Silver Spring
The 76-piece band is under
the direction of Ernest Koch.
The program will include a DEM
onstration by the drum major
cites.
Evening star., 1955-02-11

militarily, to undertake mill
tary action on two fronts is
extremely unlikely and incom-
patible with Russian policy
established long before COM
munism. China is certainly
making demands for materiel.
and the European satellites
(now under a single military
commando also require it. So
the Soviet policy is to defeat
American power in Europe
politically.
And they are not doing
badly.
Evening star., 1955-02-11

malization Of diplomatic and
economic relations with the
Cominform nations.
Meanwhile, Yugoslavia has
been carrying on friendly rela-
tions with the West, which gave
Tito military and economic aid
after the Cominform split.
Evening star., 1955-02-11
possible impact upon Soviet
Yugoslav relations.
Denies Pro- Soviet Shift.

Denies Pro- Soviet Shift.
Home after his longest stay
abroad since the end of World
War II, Tito rebuked those who
have speculated that Yugoslavia
was travelling closer to Moscow
in it's foreign policy recently.
Malicious voices are saying, "
he said, that we are tourists.
That comes from those who are
against peaceful co-existence in
the world, those who are hin
dered by the people who wish
peace"
Yugoslavia broke with the
Russian-led Cominform in 1948
on Kremlin charges that Tito
was pursuing "nationalistic
policies. In the past year, it
has gone long way toward
restoring what Tito calls nor
Evening star., 1955-02-11

Birthstone Rings - COM
plete selection of stones
in rich 10K gold settings.
For her or for him. As
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Fed. Tar Incl.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-10-28

well as the industrial worker"
At q Sunday evening civic re.
eepfien at the University Of
ksniueky's Memorial Hall, Mr..
and Mrs. John Tewes. Crescent
Springs. KY, reeeived ihe
NcRLe's top award - that Of
National Catholic Rural Family
OF the Year. The parents OF IL
children, Mr.. Tewes, As, and
his 40 year old wife, Mary,
operate one OF the largest povl.
try farms in Kentucky.
Main speakers at the civic re.
ception were the NCRLC presi-
dent, Bishop Peter w. BarthoIome
of st. Cloud (Minn.), DR.. Herman
L. Donovan, president of the Uni
versity of Kentucky, and Lexing-
toms Mayor Fred z. Fugazzi.
Bishop Bartholome asserted
that the ownership OF land deve.
lops "a stability in human char
acter" that is highly in accord
with the spirit of Christian living
and thinking" - a point stressed
earlier by Archbishop Alter.
Archbishop Alter emphasized
that "the parish must become the
center and focus of all rural in.
terestS and activities"
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-10-28

greater right TO understanding
and sympathy in It's efforts TO
bounce back than Spain"
DR.. Pattee has spent much of
his efforts in contributing to the
Catholic press and reviews of pub
fications in the United States as
we'll as to a number of Irish,
Spanish, Portuguese and French
publications. Articles these past
few years have been influenced
by his comparison and study OF
the situation of the c a t h 0 c
Church in those parts of the
world where Catholics represent
a minority.
Richard Pattee was born in
Prescott, Arizona. He received
his ALB. at the University of
Arizona in 1926; his MA. from
the Catholic University of Amer
ica in 1927; pursued his doetoral
work at the University of Louvain
in Belgium, the University of
Bonn in Germany, and the Uni
versity of Coimbra in Portugal.
Tickets for this lecture will be
on sale at the college, the Cathed-
raj Book Store, 205 East Broad
Street, Heaton's Music Store. SO
North High Street, or Longs
Book Store, 1886 North High
Street.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-10-28

in addition TO the church, will
eontsin three eIsSsrooms,
social hall and esfsteris on the
ground floor, with fourth
classroom, entrance lobby and
parish office on the main fIoot.
It will provide facilities for ap.
proximately 200 elementary stu
dents.
The church, which will seat
approximately 500 persons, will
be constructed essentially , of
qusrtzite stone in a variegated
color pattern, backed by light
weight concrete masonry units.
Steel arches, spanning the width
of the church, will support the
roof. The sanctuary is within a
wooden structure, backed by a
curved walnut partition about 10
feet high.
The building was designed by
Columbus architects limerick and
MCGEE.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-10-28

open 10 the pubic.
DIR. Pattee has spent several
years making SURVEYS in Germany,
Austria Italy, Belgium and Spain
to determine the actual situation
of the Church in Western Europe.
s'The value of these surveys"
writes Mr.. Pattee, lis evident.
We are beginning to come to
grips with some Of the realities
of Catholic life in Europe and,
ence accurate information is avail
able, 1t will be possible to provide
the proper remedy where it is
needed. There is no sense" he
says, ''in talking about Catholic
France or Italy as though the
status of religion had not changed
since the twelfth century"
In recent articles on Catholic
Isnf In Europe. Or. Psttee has
noted fhsf THE challenge in
Norway consists in fhe restor-
alton OF the Faith where II
once fIoUrished and was lost -.
fhis task is gradually being se-
eomplishsd." And in Sweden,
s'The Catholic Church is still
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-10-28
Soil Belongs to ALI Mankind
Convention Delegates Told

LEXINGTON, KY. -(NC)- The
land is such primary source OF
Gods bounty that its soil and its
products belong not to one gen
GRAFTON or to one nation only,
but to all mankind" the Arch
bishop of Cincinnati declared at
the 33rd annual meeting of the
National Rural Life Conference.
Archbishop Karl ]. Alter, who
is also chairman of the Admin
strative Board of the National Ca
tholic Welfare Conference, said
that because of this fact, 1--WE
must cultivate an attitude of re-
spect toward the land and treat
it with providential care, so that
it be not wasted and rendered
sterile through neglect or mus
use"
Archbishop Alter spoke at the
opening religious function of the
NCRLC's "blue grass convention. F"
He preached the sermon at a Sol
emn Pontifical Mass offered in
ST. Peters Church here by Bishop
William T. Mulloy of Covington,
convention host and episcopal adj
visor of the Rural Life Confer
ence.
Five Day Convention
Bishop Mulloy had given vel
coming address to the delegates
at the initial session of the five
day convention the previous day.
In his sermon, Archbishop Alter
asserted that the vocation of farm
ing represents a more intimate
partnership with God in the work
of creation than any other form
of economic activity. But he warn
ed that certain evils ''can and do
develop in rural areas" which
threaten to result in the formation
of a rural proletariat."
Tenant farming, absentee
ownership, depressed prices, soil
erosion, climate disasters, etc,
are some of these hazaEds," the
Cincinnati prelate said. "The vir-
tues of social justice and social
charity have valid and appro-
pirate application to life on the
farms, just as they do to life in
urban industry. The farmer is
entitled to a decent living, with
security against the hazards of
his life and occupation, just as