davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-07-31

cratic National Committee. Fire
Talbot. they cried.
Mr.. Eisenhower gave a hint Of
his feelings when he talked at
length about integrity in Govern
ment at his weekly press confer
ence. He stressed that his admin
istration not only must be clean
but must also appear clean.
As the President studied the case,
new turns in the investigation did
little to help Mr.. Talbot. There
were these developments:
A Radio Corporation Of Ameri-
ca executive said Mr.. Talbot had
criticized him vigorously over the
phone when he questioned the pro-
priety of RCA doing business with
the Talbot firm-an Office eflci-
ency study group. RCA does con-
siderable business with the Defense
Department.
Mr.. Talbot had testified pre-
viously that he had dropped the
RCA contact when the corpora
ton had palKeQ.
Brownelrs Report
But Attorney General Herbert
Brownell revealed that Mr.. Talbot
had asked him to assure RCA that
it was proper to do business with
the Talbot firm. MIR. Brownell
said it was not the function Of
his department to give such opin-
ions.
Senators, meanwhile, criticized
the Air Secretary for giving some
of his Chrysler Corp. stock to his
children when he was first con-
firmed in his post. instead of sell
ing 1t as he said he would. Mr..
Talbot insisted he had told Sem
atorss exactly, what he was going
to do with the stock. The tram
script of his testimony at the time
he was confirmed did not back up
Mr.. Talbot.
Evening star., 1955-07-31
WEEK
Satellite Plan Opens Door to the Future

gram. These objections were stated
in House and Senate debate:
o Compulsion. particularly Of ex.
perienced veterans. was unfair.
. The bill would open the door
to universal military training.
o Some men could be ordered to
serve against their will in racially
segregated National Guard units.
Q A large, expensive Reserve Is
not necessary in an age when the
outcome of war can be settled in
a few days or weeks.
AS the original bill went through
committee and floor action in both
houses it was altered almost beyond
recognition. But both houses last
week approved the new version.
Almost all compulsion was omit
ted. Incentives were substituted.
Young men would be lured into
the Reserves by offering reductions
in their total draft and Reserve OBJ
legation in exchange for more vol
untary participation. No person
who had served in the armed forces
would have any Reserve obligation.
Persons serving in the future would
have Reserve obligations up to six
years, depending on their degree
of active participation.
Evening star., 1955-07-31

Commissioners power to do virtual
ly what Mr.. Wolfson offered. would
leave the reins in the Districts
hands. The city would be able to
seize the company. lease it to some
one-probably the present manage
ment--and then have it run for q
year to suit the Commissioners. At
the end of the year new company
would be brought in.
The Senate District COMMITTEES
had approved the Commissioners
plan, and last week the House Com
mittee indicated it would accept q
bill which would enable the Com
mission to do what Mr.. Wolfson
suggested. but still leave the ir1itia-
tive with the District.
The union, if anyone were to ask.
was unhappy. Transit Union Presi-
dent Walter j. Bierwagen said the
Wolfson plan would leave the union
and the city holding the bag. 1t
seemed more and more likely, how
ever, that the union would end up
doing its collective bargaining with
city officials.
Evening star., 1955-07-31
abbott

President Eisenhower had tough
personnel decision to make last
week and no one but the Demo-
Gratis seemed ready to help him
make it.
It involved a bridge playing
friend, Harold E. Talbot, Secre-
tary Of the Air Force. A Senate
investigating subcommittee had
made public records of a company
owned in partnership by Mr.. Tai
bott which indicated the Secretary
had used Air Force stationery and
Air Force personnel to drum UP
business for the firm.
He had solicited business from
some companies that held Air
Force contracts and he had profited
from the deals.
Mr.. Talbot insisted his actions
were entirely innocent.
Republicans were inclined to ac-
cept his word. Democrats were
not. But almost everyone who ex-
pressed a public opinion agreed
that the Secretary's dealings did
not look entirely innocent even
though, in fact. they might be.
President Must Decide
President Eisenhower had to de-
eide whether or not to fire his
friend.
The Senate committee did not
help him in the decision. The
group said it would be some in
definite time before formal reports
and recommendations could be
filed. And Mr.. Talbot himself did
not offer publicly to resign his Air
Force Job; he only promised to get
out Of his private business. The
only advice came from Congress
sional Democrats and the Demo-
Evening star., 1955-07-31
Flying Basketball

The satellite, as described by
scientists at a White House meet
ing with the press Friday, was a
far cry from the kind Of space
platform" which has been discussed
in recent years. But for that mat
ter, the Wright brothers Kitty
Hawk plane was a far cry from the
intercontinental bomb carrier of
1855.
The moonlet will be round, about
the size and shape of basketball.
It probably will be packed with in
struments which will take readings
from the cosmos with some type of
radio to relay data to the surface
Of the earth. Ready togo, it should
weigh about $50 pounds at the sur
face Of the earth.
A rocket, fired from somewhere
in the United States - probably
white Sands. N. Mex.-will send UP
the first of the satellites. If per-
formance agrees with calculations,
this rocket should send the flying
basketball" up about $50 miles. and
q final charge of some sort will set
the device spinning in an orbit
around the earth in roughly a
north-south direction at a speed of
$4,000 miles an hour. This will en-
able the satellite to make 16 trips
around the earth every time the
world turns once on its axis-one
round -the-world trip every 80 min
utes.
Whot Keeps 1t Up?
Some of the first questions put to
scientists were what would keep the
satellite up there and how can 1t
keep moving at q speed of 5 miles
q second? The answers to both
parts Of the question interlock.
The orbital speed will keep the
satellite In its path, and the height
of its orbit around the earth will
determine its speed. At $50 miles
altitude and ,000-miles- an -hour
speed, the force of the earth's grav-
itation and the effort of the satel-
lite to escape from the earth will
balance each other. In effect, the
satellite will be falling-but 1t will
be falling around the earth, and
theoretically it would fall forever
without descending. from the point
of view of an earth observer.
But theory and practice do not
always jibe. Less than a decade
ago. scientists thought the atmos-
phere was so rare at $50 miles that
an "air drag" on q body at that
height would be negligible. With
no friction to cut down its speed,
Evening star., 1955-07-31
All for Science

The American announcement was
couched in non-warlike-almost
conciliatory - terms. It explained
that last October, in Rome, an in
ternational group of scientists
agreed on the period July /, 1857
December 81, 1858 as an Inter
national Geophysical Year." in
which mans environment. would be
studied more closely than ever by
the leading scientific brains of 40
countries. One of these countries
was the United States. Another was
the Soviet Union.
At this meeting, the decision was
taken to send up small, unnamed
earth satellites for the purpose of
observing outer-space phenomena
that cannot be studied from the
ground or can be diScerned only
briefly in high-altitude rocket
flights.
All member countries were asked
to give thought to this project. The
United States decided to work on it.
According to Fridays announce
ment, two Government agencies
the National Science Foundation
and the National Academy of
Sciences-were delighted to run the
earth satellite project. Technical
advice and assistance" the Govern
ment announcement said, will be
provided by the scientists of the
Department of Defense who have
long engaged in research on the up
per atmosphere. The Department
OF Defense will provide the required
equipment and facilities for launch
ing the satellite"
The project, the Government en-
phasized. will be entirely scien-
tif1c in nature" and its findings will
be turned over to the world scien-
tific community. On such basis
and in view Of the fact that the
earth satellite program was mat
ter Of international agreement
there could be little objection to the
American plan.
But seasoned observers could not
forget that hardly more than a
week ago, at Geneva, President
Eisenhower put forward disarma-
ment plan, with international
aerial inspection a first step toward
disarming. For what the Presi-
dent said, see box at the top Of
page A-27.)
A perfected satellite. it was evi-
dent, could be the ultimate in de-
vices for world inspection. Asked,
but unanswered, was this question:
Was Fridays announcement an
other maneuver by Washington to
force Moscow into ending, the cold
war?
Evening star., 1955-07-31

Thus-future historians may re-
cord-began the greatest arms race
Of all time. race that might end
either in Soviet domination of the
world or par americana. Or the
historians may write that the de-
cision to launch artificial moons
made arms races thereafter quite
unnecessary. It was far too early.
this week end. to tell which--if
either-would be the verdict given
last weeks developments.
But this much seemed certain:
Man was on the threshold of space
at last, and a good many (but Ger
tainly not alb /. science-fiction
dreams appeared on their way to
coming true. Always provided, of
course, that mankind didn't blow
itself up arguing over who was to
be first.
Evening star., 1955-07-31

there would be no cause for it to
lose altitude.
Later calculations, however, have
shown that an extremely small
amount of atmosphere does exist
at that height. This would be Suf-
ficient to create drag on the satel-
lite. At first this drag would be so
small as to be unnoticed. Then it
would get greater, constantly slow
ing the device and forcing it closer
to earth. At last-maybe days,
maybe weekS-the little artificial
moon would plunge into denser at
mosphere and disintegrate in a
blaze Of glory, just like the vast ma
jority of meteors that enter the air
burn up from friction before reach
ing the ground.
What Instruments?
Exactly what Instrumentation
If any-will be in the first satellite
is a question still unanswered. It is
likely, however, that the device will
be packed with many tiny single
purpose instruments. Such gadgets
have been perfected over the last
decade In the noses of rockets at
White Sands. such instruments
have given scientists a good insight
into what happens at extreme alti-
tudes.
But even If the flying basketball
is as empty as its sports counter
part, it will be of considerable value
to science. It will be visible at dusk
each day, when the sun has set
from the point of view of a ground
observer but still is high in the
sky as seen from $50 miles up. Like
tiny star racing across the dark
ening heavens, the satellite will be
picked up in astronomers telescopes
and will enable man to get a more
accurate idea of the size of the
earth on which-for the present
he must spend his entire life. :
Evening star., 1955-07-31
Highways

The House rejected four differ
ent highway bills last week, and
despite a presidential plea seemed
ready to let it 60 at that for this
year.
President Eisenhower produced
the first highway bill. It provided
for $25.7 billion Federal expendi-
ture over a period Of 10 years for
new roads. It was to be financed
by a special bond issue. The House
rejected it 221 to 1913 last week.
Democrats said they didn't like the
bond issue, that it was merely a
gimmick to avoid increasing the
apparent national debt. The Senate
earlier had rejected the Presidents
bill for the same reason.
The House Public Works Com
mittee wrote its own bill, calling
for $35.5 billion over IL years.
This was rejected by the House,
292 to 1913. The objections: 1t
would be financed by special taxes
on highway users, and taxes were
high enough already. Speaker Sam
Rayburn blamed lobbyists for the
bills defeat-trucking lobbyists by
implication.
A substitute bill, by the anti-tax,
anti-bond faction also failed, 178
to 80. 1t contained no financing
provisions.
And Senate-passed $12.6 billion.
five-year bill was killed in the
House Committee. It also lacked
financing provisions.
So as Congress rushed toward
adjournment it was clear that the
House would not accept bill that
bought highways either with new
taxes, bonds or routine borrowing.
The President urged the House to
try. again, however.
Evening star., 1955-07-31
Foreign Aid

Congress demonstrated its in
finite capacity for finding a way
out Of any bind at adjournment
time when q compromise foreign
aid bill was written last week. Law
makers had expected to be hung
up for some time over the bill,
because the Senate had voted to
give the administration $50 bill
lion In aid money for the current
fiscal year, while the House wanted
to appropriate only $2.6 billion. The
President had asked for So. .260, ,000,-
600.
Both House and Senate leaders
said they would stand firm. It
looked like q major obstacle to
early adjournment.
But House-Senate conferees
turned the trick. Some hasty, but
apparently quite diligent, research
turned up the information that
some 1886 million had been appro-
priated in previous years for for
eign aid but had been unspent and
unobligated. That money would
ordinarily go back to the Treasury.
The conferees decided to accept
most of the House cuts. Total ap-
preparations were set at $2.7 billion.
But at the same time the executive
was authorized to spend those
previously unused funds. Total
available, therefore, will be more
than So billion.
Since existence of the extra
money was reported to be unknown
to the Defense Department, the ad-
ministration actually would end up
with close to what it wanted.
1t looked to the fast-moving
Congress like a good solution. Both
houses approved it without serious
debate. ......
Evening star., 1955-07-31
TRANSIT
WoIfson Offers Plun
To Get Out of Town:
Commissioners Bulk

The small number of Washing
tonians not affected adversely by
the transit strike could sit back and
chuckle at last weeks develop
ments.
Capital Transit said. "All right.
you win. Well get out Of town"
But the District Commissioners
replied, "Oh, no you don't! You'll
get out Of town our way or not
at ALL"
There was even little comfort
in all this. for the persons being
hurt by the strike. For 1t appeared
that the company and the CommiS-
sioners actually were close to
agreement. For the first time since
the strike started 81 days ago a
basis for settlement was in sight.
The Offer
Capital Transit's bombshell was
dropped personally by Louis E.
Wolfson. chairman Of the board
and the man popularity blamed for
everything in town but the muggy
weather.
District Commissioners. Congress
men and rideless citizens had been
eager to oust the W6ifson manage
ment from Capital Transit. His
fiscal policies were milking the
company, it was charged, and only
his greed was keeping the company
from settling with the strikers.
The other side of the story was
presented by the company when
the offer to relinquish the fran
chise was made public: There were
no earnings in sight to meet the
unions pay and pension demands,
but the union would not recognize
that fact; the Commissioners were
committed to get rid of the Wolf
son group; there was little reason
for the company to try to stay in
business.
Therefore Capital Transit Presi-
dent j. A. B. Broadwater prepared
a get-out-of-town offer. designed.
he said, Ito enable (the Commis-
sioners) to accomplish the purpose
(they) have in mind"
He offered to give up the COM
pany's franchise in one year and
run the company without profit or
return to the stockholders during
that year. The District Govern
ment would make up. any deficit in
the years operation, and the Com
fnissioners would Ak a wage settle
ment with the union. At the end
of the year the company would tear
up its tracks, repave the streets,
sell all the equipment to the highest
bidder and leave.
The Commissioners rejected the
proposal. Their principal an
nounced reason: It would take too
long for the company to poll its
stockholders on the offer. The COM
pany, however, was reported to
have scheme in mind whereby
such a poll would be unnecessary.
Perhaps Mr.. Wolfson and his
friends could round up 81 per cent
of the stock between them and
make the decision without delay.
Control Problem
But there, was another objection
on the Commissioner minds: The
Wolfson plan would not permit
tight control of the company by the
Commissioner during the grace
year. But pending bills. giving the
Evening star., 1955-07-31
Reserves

The "long-haul posture Of de-
fense" which the administration
has promised involves reduction
in the standing armed forces and
an increase In quantity and quality
Of the military reserves.
The reduction in standing forces
already Is under way and should be
completed within a year. The job
Of beeflng UP the reserves is more
difficult proposition, however.
White House officials proposed
new Reserve law which would re-
quire participation of young men in
active Reserve forces and in the
National Guard. The present 800,-
000-man paid Reserve would be
increasedsto 30 million trained and
ready reservists by 1860.
Congress, however. refused to
approve the administration pro-
Evening star., 1955-07-31
Formosd

Last January, as Peiping kept
repeating its threats to wrest con-
troll of Formosa from the Chinese
Nationalists, the United States of
fered Red China two alternatives:
Either accept a cease-f1re recog-
nizing roughly, the status quo, or
face war with the United States.
At first, Red China seemed to pre-
fer the latter.
Peiping Radio said: "The. So
called cease fire Is totally
unacceptable. The Chinese people
must eliminate the traitorous
Chang clique. Formosa is terri
tory stolen by that clique and 1t
must. be liberated by the Chinese
people There Is no cease-flre to
discuss"
Chou En-lai had stuck his neck
out. Last April. at the Donation
Asian-African conference in 1ndo-
nesia, he pulled it in part way.
and he now seems to be taking it
back farther.
At Bandung, April %, he said:
1.-THE Chinese people do not want
to have a war with the United
States of America The Chinese
government is willing to sit down
and enter into negotiations with the
United States to discuss the ques-
ton of relaxing tension in the
Far East, especially the question
of relaxing tension in the Formosa
area"
The United States agreed to talk
over a cease fire in two-way ne
gotiations, but insisted the Chinese
NationalistS would have to be pres
ent on other matters involving
them.
Secretary of State John Foster
Dulles spelled out generalized
formula for peace in the Formosa
area. He said Red China need not
abandon its aspirations to take over
control of Formosa, but 1t should
pledge itself to use only peaceful
means in accomplishing its aims.
Yesterdays speech by Chou En-
lai seemed to address itself to this
point. He particularly emphasized
his opposition to the two-China
concept. Still, he agreed to negoti-
ate with Chang as a local author
ity," not the head Of nation. His
readiness Ito seek the liberation OF
Formosa by peaceful means" seemed
to hold out a new hope that war
can be avoided in the Far East.
Chou also said yesterday that
the question" of American civilians
held in Red China "can be easily
settled" In the Geneva talks at the
ambassadorial level.
How genuine the new Peiping
line is can better be judged after
the ambassadorial talks are well
under way. Meanwhile, President
Eisenhower, in his report to the
Nation on the Big Four conference.
counseled caution:
ave must never be deluded into
believing that one week Of friendly,
even fruitful, negotiations can
wholly eliminate problem arising
out Of the wide gulf that separates
so far East and West"
Evening star., 1955-07-31
FOREIGN
Red Chinese Join
Peace Offensive in
Geneva Aftermath

EXCEPT for Red Bulgaria's OUT
rageous murder Of So persons BY
shooting down an unarmed Israeli
passenger plane, last week pro-
duced a continuation Of the words
about peace from both sides OF the
Iron Curtain.
Government chiefs of the Big
Four. descending from the sum-
nit" as the correspondents put 1t.
told the peoples of Britain. France.
the Soviet Union and the United
States early last week that the OUT
look for genuine peace had bright
ened as a result of their slx-day
Geneva conference.
There were even encouraging
signs that peace might be spread
ing to the Far East. Washington
and Peiping announced last Mon
day that direct talks at the am
bassadorial level will begin tomor-
row in Geneva on release Of Amer
ican civilians being held in Red
China. Foreign ministers may con-
verse later. Last Sunday on Meet
the Press" Senator Walter F.
George, Democrat of Georgia, had
suggested talks between foreign
ministers.
On Saturday Red Chinese Pre-,
mier Chou En-lai spoke as If he,
had been infected by the Big Four's
conciliatory attitude. He an
nounced that 50. conditions per-
mitting, the Chinese people. are
ready to seek the liberation OF For
mosa by peaceful means"
For Peiping that was quite q
switch. It may turn out to be quite
a humiliation, too. although that
will take longer to develop.
Evening star., 1955-07-31

new dimension given to geopoitics at mid
afternoon Friday when the United States Government
nounced weleled plans for launching bevy of earth
satellites" sometime in the next two years.
And inexoraby effect follows cause the Soviet Union
announced later the day that had artificial
it's mind too-and was planning launch few of its
Evening star., 1955-07-31

tables and at scientific drawing
boards before the day Of decision
about q practical space platform
daWnS.
Evening star., 1955-07-31
CONGRESS
Deudline Is Missed
Again, But Windup
Seems Sure Monday

Traditionally, adjournment OF
Congress comes at the end of July.
But in recent years this has been a
tradition honored more in the
breach than in the observance. Only
once in the last II years-on July
7, 1952-did Congress manage to
pull up stakes before the "deadline."
This year the legislators missed
again. The end of July came and
went with Congress still here. But
the lawmakers will come closer than
usual to getting out on time. Best
bet as last week ended was that
adjournment sine die would be de-
clared tomorrow, August /.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-24

has helped Atkins considerably.
Yawitz is getting Atkins matches
that his predecessor couldn't
seem to land for the stiff punch
ing welterweight.
Were going to offer the win
ner of the Basilio-Demarco title
fight a $4,000 guarantee to
fight Virgil in st. Louis" va
WITT said. There's st. Louis
syndicate ready to put up the
money"
A left hook to the body start
ed Miceli on the way out mid
way in the first round of the
network television bout at st.
Nicholas Arena. The hook dou-
bled over Miceli and a Earring
right and left to the jaw dropped
him. He staggered up at five,
shaking his head to help clear
away the cobwebs. After Referee
Ray Miller tolled the automatic
eight count, Atkins stormed after
Miceli and decked him again
with another right and left to
the jaw.
Miceli bounded up immediate
ly and was given another eight
count. Determined to get his
man quickly. Atkins ripped after
Miceli and belted him down for
the third and last time with a
right to the jaw.
A 17-to-10 favorite, Atkins
weighed las to Miceli's 1887.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-24
Akins.Seekinq
Title Bout After
Stopping. Nice!i

NEW YORK. May "a (R.-
Virgil Atkins, one-time in-and-
out fighter, is taking dead aim
on the welterweight title now
that he has five straight vic
tories, four Of them by knock
outs.
The solidly-built, 25-year-old
st. Louis Negro stopped Joe Mi
cell of New York in 2::41 of the
first round on three knockdowns
to chalk up his fourth success
sive kayo.
mo more fooling around for
me-" Atkins said last night after
he had polished off the hard
hitting Miceli. II got chance
to go places now and I'm going
to keep in shape. That's the
reason I'm going good now
clean living done it,"
A new manager. Eddie Yawitz,
a st. Louis druggist, apparently