davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1955-01-12

ed out that each of his letters
is read by many people.
when l write to my
cousin" he said, "the con-
tents of my letter become
known to all my relatives. He
maintains the only coffee
house in the Will re and thus
100, 200, and even up to 1000
villagers learn the truth about
America"
Recently Mr.. Orfanitopou-
los has written about educa-
ton i'll America to Greek
teacher, about free enterprise
to a business man, and about
public housing to a man with
a large family.
Every letter abroed gives
us an opportunit to say
something about America, it's
ideals of liberty and de-
mocracy in action -" said
Mr.. Orfanitopoulos.
Italian Goes Overheard
Writing in Italian, Mrs. Ma
nera emphasized in her entry
that it is the everyday hap
penings h ere in America
which interests those abroad.
II write about what | see,
what happens to me and how
I live day by day. To one
friend l write about the meth
DDS Of teaching, the help given
to children, the democratic
attitude of teachers :. To
another l tell about free cleo
tions. To a little boy l send
a page Of a railroad magazine
with a picture f a magnifi-
cent. strcamliner =. l tell
them that whether in store,
office or at the movies, no
one takes precedence. 1t is
first come, first served. At
the bank | am waited on with
the same consideration as the
President" ;"
German Briefs Friends
Mrs. Goodwin, who shared
the second prize with Mrs.
Manera, also stressed writing
in natural, simple language.
when | write a letter, l
try to visualize my friend sit
ting beside me and that we
are talking about simple,
everyday happenings. I am
often asked What should one
write about This should not
be problem. We can give
a clear picture of the Ameri-
can way Of life by writing
about our home, the flower
garden, the kind act of a
neighbor, shopping day, a
ride on bus. All these things
are easy to talk about because
we live with them and the
words come naturally. They
make my letters, together
with thousands of others
which go overseas a valuable
instrument of truth"
From her own experience
Mrs. Goodwin is convinced
that people are sometimes
skeptical when it comes to
big speeches but they know
that letters about our every
day lives are the truth
Judges Great Americans
The Letters from Amer
lea" Contest sought to obtain
suggestions and examples that
would be helpful to letter.
writer's in general as to how
they can use their letters
abroad to create goodwill for
America in other lands. Any
one writing to friends and
kinsfolk abroad was eligible.
Serving as judges of the
contest we're: August Hecks-
cher, chief editorial writer,
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1955-01-12
The Last Word

COULD BE: = Maybe women are called
clothes horses because they're always nag
ging, - Bishop Fulton S"~--~
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1955-01-12

The name of the Croatian
Fraternal Union has been a
respected American household
word since 1894.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1955-01-12
Farrell Lodge 12b And Nest 100 May
Well Be Proud OF Christmas Program
"Sloga' Junior Tamburitza Orchestra
Scores Smash Hit During Holiday Show
By STEPHEN +. BRKICH, English Editor, zajednicar

Pittsburgh Pa The Annual Christmas Season Play and
Program held Sunday December &C. last by the
bcrs of Farrell Pa Lodge 126 and Junior Order Nest $50
turned out to be unconditional success.
packed house" ammed the Croatian Home Staunon
Street that holiday enjoy the popular har
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1955-01-12
Recent Newcomers To United States
Top LETTERS from America Contest

York City, y. V - Three newcomers to the United
States have been awarded the In the nationwide
America Contest conducted by the Common
Council for American Unity
Spyros Orfantopoulos of New York City, 41-yearod
who here in 1947 treaty trader
Evening star., 1955-10-31

by laws the problems created by automa-
tion It would. he said, be repugnant TO
the free enterprise system to restrict or
redirect chronological progress by such
means. At the same time. he added, the
economic law Of supply and demand must
not be overlooked in applying new pro-
duction techniques that could oversupply
the consumer markets.
Automation- the control Of machines
by other machines--is natural develop
ment in q scientific age. There is no real
dispute that 1t creates one kind Of prob
lem while solving others. But 1t has been
proved many times before that there is
great resiliency In our economic system.
Undoubtedly it will be proved again In
the adaptation of automation to our
industries.
Evening star., 1955-10-31
Planning an Auditorium,

The Wilson report to the District Re-
development Land Agency should be help
full to the new District Auditorium Com
mission In It's impending study OF the
city's auditorium problem. Released on
the eve of the commissions initial meet
ing, the findings and recommendation
Of the agency consultant provide. at the
least, basis for preliminary discussions.
Out of such reports and discussions, 1t is
to be hoped, viii emerge concrete and
practical plans for great civic center
here-a long-felt need In the Nations
Capital.
The Auditorium Commission, just
organized, will undertake its study with
less freedom Of action than marked the
investigation and conclusions Of Thomas
W. Wilson, jr. The commission, under It's
mandate from Congress, must concern
itself not only with the nature and scope
of the proposed auditorium project, but
with ways and means Of financing 1t. Mr..
Wilson was more interested In devising
plans for comprehensive and imposing
center than in considering costs Thus,
he has not limited himself in envisioning
great world center" in redeveloped
Southwest Washington, encompassing
grand hall' for opera and ballet per-
formances, drama theater, concert
hall for symphonies, chamber music
hall, an exhibit area" a number Of
smaller meeting rooms, television, radio
and Aim studios, reception areas, a 'li-
brary of communications arts" and
sundry offices and other facilities.
= Without going into specific details,
Mr.. Wilson said that the cost of such
far-reaching project certainly" would
have to be borne in part by public or
private subsidies. Some of the construc-
tion could be made -liquidating
through collection of admission fees,
letting out of concessions and other pos
sible income producing devices. The
Auditorium Commission will have to give
long and careful thought to the financial
phases of any plan finally recommended
to Congress. In the end, cost--and who
is to pay twill have an important, II
not decisive, bearing on realization Of
WaShington'S dreams for concert and
convention facilities commensurate with
the needs Of a large city.
Evening star., 1955-10-31
Man of the Year

Francis @. Addison, jr., well deserves
the Man of the Year" award which has
come to him from the Cosmopolitan Club.
This honor is reserved for citizens Of
Washington who have been outstanding
in the field OF community service and
advancement. Mr. Addison long has been
leader in the cause of better Capital.
He added to his fine civic record by ac-
cepting the Craftsmanship Of the Citizens
Advisory Committee on Public Works.
This committee produced report which
the club appropriately described as "the
most important community development
document in many years" The commit
tees groundwork formed the basis for
what eventually evolved as the Districts
far-reaching public works program, since
approved by Congress. The city as a
whole is indebted to Mr.. Addison for his
tirelesS and selfiess efforts In its behalf.
Evening star., 1955-10-31
Support for Automotion

Congressional hearings on the prob
lens created by increasing development
OF automation in industry ended on the
testimony Of three highly respected and
objective witnesses, all of them authori-
ties in the broad fields Of applied science
and economies They we're DR.. A. v.
Astin, director Of the National Bureau of
Standards; DR.. Edwin G. Nourse, first
chairman of the Council of Economic Ad-
visers to the President, and DR.. Vannevar
Bush, president of the Carnegie Institu-
tion of Washington. In summary, the
burden of their testimony was that auto
nation is bound to bring benefits to the
national economy even though its in
creasing application may require COM
pensating adjustments in the utilization
of labor
Emphasizing the necessity for ex-
pansion and refinement II our economic
system is to be healthy and prosperous,
DR.. Astin pointed out that automation is
not primarily intended to do routine work
with fewer people, but rather to cope with
the important new problems" involved
in production of new and increasingly
complex articles. An end result, he indi-
Gated, may be the employment of more
people rather than fewer. DR.. Bush,
taking note of possible hardship cases
involving individual workers, also indi-
Gated feeling that larger work force
might still be needed. For this reason,
he stressed the Importance Of retraining
workers to At them for tasks related to
automation.
The testimony OF DR.. Nourse included
a warning that we should not try to solve
Evening star., 1955-10-31

money to spare, and who
own General Motors. or
Republic Steel. or Kennecott
Copper. or Union Pacific. or
one OF hundreds OF good stocks.
are sitting pretty. But what
about the couple. married, with
two children. and the man Is
the sole hreadwinner. and who
makes what used TO be con-
sidered Q good income? What IL
he wants to buy q house or get
furniture or buy q car? ! have
always been considered a con-
servative. believing In big
business" and the right to make
money. But II corporations
continue to ask prices that will
give them record earnings and
unions continue to ask more
wages and fringes. there win
come q time when something
win have to be done about the
whole situation.
James C. Summers.
Evening star., 1955-10-31

The Attorney General Of
Georgia. Eugene Cook. charged
that. "subyersion" Is involved
in the antisegregation crusade
Of the National Association for
the Advancement OF colored
People. Mr.. Cook declared
that the NAACP's real design
Is to force upon the South
the Communist-inspired doc
trine Of racial integration.
and added that he would well
come q chance to prove his
statement in court.
Roy Wilkins. executive sec
retary Of the NAACP. in re-
huttal to Mr.. Cook. said the
speech was apparently part of
q conspiracy by some Southern
State officials to combat the
Supreme Courts order to de-
segregate public schools. by
charging the NAACP with
being subyersiye. He charged
Mr.. Cook with distortion and
untruth.
Since Mr.. Cook has said he
would welcome q chance to
prove what he said In court.
then Mr.. wilkins has q chance
to prove his accusation BY &C
cepting Mr.. Cooks challenge.
] feel sure that all democratic
Americans would welcome q
showdown in court.
Nish showers.
Evening star., 1955-10-31
IfIWere q Hill

III / peYe a hill." said my
Very good friend,
"I'd iDant to be tdst-the
steepest oHei
Fine for the shedding, great
for. the race
Glue my slopes nterriment.
laughter and tuni"
IL" said another. "tDould rise
to the sky
So tall that none tOould dare
climb me.
I'd ,Dnnt my bare peak to
pierce the clouds:
I'd stand there aloot, majes-
tically lonely"
ri I ,Dere a HILL" said the
quiet one,
"T'd Just as soon be a gentle,
green knoll,
Where a youth might come to
bask IN his dreaming.
And find on my breast the
heights of his SOUL"
Esther Freshmen
Evening star., 1955-10-31
Dr.. Adenquer's 5 Illness

The future of Germany and Its role
in troubled world politics have emerged
as the foremost issues before the Big
Four Foreign Ministers meeting IN
Geneva. In brief, the Western plan pro-
poses the unifcation Of East and West
Germany on the basis of free elections
to be accompanied by European Secur-
ity Pact designed, among other things, 70
make future German aggression impos-
sible. In turn, the Soviet Union has pro-
posed 15-point plan which would post
pone German unification indefinitely and
would tend in the interim to break down
existing Western defense alliances IN
Europe.
While these widely different ap-
proaches to the central problem threaten
stalemate, II not worse, at Geneva,
related factor causes increasing concern
to the West. On October I, West German
Chancellor Adenauer was stricken with
bronchial pneumonia. Initial reports
suggested he would recover soon; sue
ceeding reports indicated that recovery
was progressing slowly. During the past
weekend, medical bulletins referring to
the 79-year-old statesman'S "acute ILL
ness" indicated that 1t would be early
next year before DR.. Adenauer is able to
resume full activity as head of his gov
ernment. The annual convention OF his
Christian Democratic Party has been
postponed from November 81 until an
indefinite date in early 1855.
Dr. Adenauers powerful, single
handed political domination Of the Bonn
Republic and his staunch adherence to
the Western cause have given him a
unique position on the European stage.
Largely by the force Of his own person
ality and convictions he has obtained
1t into alliance with the Western powers
and resisted firmly all pressures and
temptations to accept German unity on
the cynical Soviet terms. It has been a
course not uniformly popular among
West Germans. Opposition parties, and
even some of his coalition supporters,
have been restive. A long absence by DR..
Adenauer from personal control OF his
governments policies could be damaging
to his own supremacy and harmful to
the Vests overall position.
In view of DR.. Adenauer's illness and
his age, speculation has mounted over
the identity Of his successor as head Of
the Christian Democratic Party. His
closest associates are considered able and
extremely loyal to his policies. Even so,
his practice of keeping authority In his
own hands has not tended to develop the
experience of his subordinates or to give
them the personal prestige which might
be needed In West Germany itself or in
Europe at large. The Bonn Republic is
not represented at the Geneva confer
ence, but the powerful spirit of DR.. Ade-
nauer has been in the background. II
that should disappear there would be, in
a sense, q dangerous vacuum behind the
Western Foreign Ministers.
Evening star., 1955-10-31
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
By THOMAS R. HENRY
Ants Go In for Forming, Too

in grooming the ioreiimh2
antennae and other parts Of
the body. Regardless Of how
dusty an ant may become mo-
mentarily. 1t keeps its antenna
immaculate by drawing 1t
through its mouth and licking
and cleansing 1t. They also
clean one another. In groom
ing each other the ant may
carefully go over q large por-
ton Of the body. "a one in
stance q slightly allow work.
er was watcheI as. 1t groomed
another Of tsk1 same age. The
one being groomed turned
over on its side. like q dog or
. monkey. The grooming of
each other and the cleaning
Of the brood is q vital part Of
their activities. Il removes
alien bacteria and fungi and
also may have b nutritiye
function 50 far as the brood Is
concerned.
The fungus gardens consist
Of masses from a quarter inilli-
meter to o half millineter ia ,
diameter ffroin about Tooth
to . 60th Of an inch y
Plagued BY Parasites
Despite their small size these
ants have still smaller de-
pendents or parasites who ride
on their backs tiny mites
which can be recognized only
under a microscope.
Seven out Of is ants 10
examined" DR.. Weber says,
had mites on them. These
mites have no diffculfy in
moving from one site to am
other on the ants. A transfer
Of . mite from one ant to
another was watched. It had
been riding on one ant when
another brushed by. waving its
antennae over the other as is
customary. In Q fash the mite
grabbed the tip Of the left an
tenr1a. The ant did not at
tempt to dislodge the mite and
1t already had two others on
Its body. The mite had q
rough ride. but was not dis
lodged"
The peculiar type Of fungus
grown by the ant. DR.. Weber
says. does not grow naturally
outside the nest. It can be
isolated and cultivated but it
quickly is overwhelmed by
other fungi In any artificial.
culture. It Is probable, Or.
Weber holds, that ant and
fungi need each other for sur
vival. Possibly the saliva Of
the insect is essential for the
growth Of the primitive plant.
Likewise the peculiarly devel-
oped fungus Is essential for the
well-being, even for the SUR
vival. of the ants. It is one Of
natures partnerships Of which,
DR.. Weber feels, an intensive
study should be made.
Evening star., 1955-10-31
There are ulicroscopic ''farna-

4nete ~ uiaCtUcCopic 4aAn.
Their fields are measured in
fractions Of inches.
They are ants-the most
widespread fungus-growers in
the Western Hemisphere. Their
range extends from Florida to
Brazil. They are tiny crea-
lures, seldom noticed. who cul-
tivate q species Of yeast which
Is their sole food.
They have their bitter. nearly
microscopic enemies. Upon
them. as upon elephants, ride
much smaller. bareback riding
mites whose acrobatic stunts
would be the envy Of any cir
Gus performer.
The ways Of life Of this Curl
Gus ant with the formidable
scientific name Of cyphomyr-
mex rimosus minutus. have
just been reported to the
Washington Academy Of Sci
ences by DR.. Neal A. Weber Of
SWarthmore College who has
studied them throughout their
habitat.
"The ant, says Or. Weber,
''is versatile IN the American
tropics where the humidity Is
high and the temperatures
uniform. The most common
sites are In clay soil on the
forest door. An empty snail
shell, q curled dead leaf or .
rotted twig may suffice for q
colony Of these small ants or
they may ind requisite con-
ditions among rooted or In
dead wood high in the rain
forest canopy.
Fungus Garden Studied
During the rainy season in
Panama City there was q nest
on . concrete cylinder above
ground which protected q gas
meter. The cylinder was II
centimeters high (about 6
inehes), by 36 centimeters in
diameter and was covered
loosely by q concrete cover. In
the narrow space ON the rim
under the cover q colony had
walled on an elliptical area SO
by II milIimeters (about 4
inches by u Of an inch1. in
which the entire nest with q
fungus garden was formed.
During dryer periods the ants
would move down into the soil.
The workers." DR.. Weber
says. usually are slow-moving
and become iimmobile at the
slightest disturbance. Some
times. however. they would run
as rapidly as the average ant
when disturbed and sought to
escape rather than feign death.
In 'feigning death the ants
quickly curl up their legs and
fold their antennae close to the
body SO that they appear al
most invisible bits Of dirt when
casually examined.
The ants spend much time
Evening star., 1955-10-31

Only on one subject Vas she
q terror.
when Grandfather Jones
came reeling Ii, she called
down Heavens vengeance on
all who got him soused.
Jonathan, she thought,
wasn't entirely to blame.
Ben Green, the Saloonkeeper,
had something to do with it.
One night Jonathan came
home somewhat worse for
wear than usual.
Pinky made him sleep on q
coyerlet laid on the hoor Of
the parlor.
Then she cursed Green. and
went so far as to wish that
Heaven would strike him dead.
Such things, In those days,
were taken more seriously than
today.
The news quickly got around.
and before long. customers
were greeting Green with "I
hear you are going to be struck
dead" and ''Pinky has put the
hex on you, Ben. Better watch
out!n
The next Saturday, all went
well until about II o'clock, q
very late hour for those days.
Then. like q bolt out Of the
blue. Grandfather Jones came
home in a hurry. and he was
entirely rational and on his
own feet.
.'Pinky," he shouted, Ben
Green jes' dropped dead!"
He did what?" she asked,
taken ahack.
He dropped dead. just like
you said"
Pinky Jones threw up her
handS In praise to the LORD
God Of Hosts, who makes all j,
things right. e
~ knew it. I knew It," she
rejoiced.
"Yessir," moaned Jonathan
Jones. che fell right there be-
fore us all. with q jug Of whisky
in each hand"
Pinky Jones smoothed her
hair.
"And what happened to the
jugs?" she asked.
They broke all to pieces.
and"
GLORY to the Lord" said
Grandmother Jones. II do
believe. Jonathan Jones, you
are more worried about those
whisky jugs than about that
poor man who has just left us. !"
Pinky always had the last
word.
Evening star., 1955-10-31
Little Mon Sold Short2

I am not an expert: just o
poor citizen trying to get
along. However. It seems to me
the prices of commodities are
going up beyond any reason
or logic and are placing great
burdens upon low wage earn
ers, and also on medium wage
earners. TO say nothing Of
widows and retirees with low
fixed income. Why, for in
stance. do the prices Of COM
modities continue to 60 up and
then. when financial state
ments for the quarter or the
half or the year come out. 1t
is seen that the net for the
companies selling the commod-
tiles Is the greatest in history?
What are they trying to prove?
Why is 1t necessary to make
records? Why should business
be so good" that the stock
Of q company is four times
what It was three or four years
ago? Why do cars have to sell
for such a high price that
many couples have reached the
conclusion they will never be
able to own a new car: In fact,
are wondering whether they
can keep the old car going,
with everything necessary to
keep 1t In operation on the
way up? Why can't stockhold-
ers be satisfied to receive a
return Of, say. 6 per cent on
their investment, and not ex-
pect to get big dividends and
q tremendous appreciation In
price Of, their stock?
People with considerable
Evening star., 1955-10-31
Attacks Tox
Artist.

It did my heart good to read
the recent letters in The Star
from residents Of Maryland
complaining about their taxes.
They will get no sympathy
from me.
Now / would like to ask
these people. the residents Of
Maryland. the voters who
elect their lawmakers and
Governor. how do they sup
pose a man who lives in the
District or Virginia feels about
paying income tax to the
State Of Maryland because.
not by his own choosing. he
has to work in their State.
To add insult to injury. the
withholding tax is deducted
from his pay.
This stupid law was passed
by and for men Marylanders
elected to ONCE. Let's face 1t.
taxation without representa-
ton went out with the Revo-
lutionary War.
Two wrongs do not make q
right, but II the District and
Virginia would tax the resi-
dents Of Maryland who work
in the District and Virginia,
Maryland would really scream.
loud and clear.
This law is basically and
fundamentally wrong. The
residents Of Maryland should
undo this wrong ct the next
election. The responsibility
rests solely with the voters.
Derb. J