davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-07-17
BY FRED THEROUx

SALT LAKE CITY-The Upper
Colorado River Storage Project,
shorn Of the bitterly controversial
Echo Park Dam proposal, win have
another chance OF congressional
approval if the House Rules Com
mittee acts this week. The Senate
has already approved the project,
including Echo Park. House pas
sage before the adjournment Of the
Congress would mean final reality
for q dream the four States Of the
Upper Colorado Basin have hope
fully pursued since the signing of
the Colorado River compact in 1922.
Sentiment here In this Utah cap
ital and crossroads Of the West" is
UNDERSTANDABLE enthusiastic for the
project. This sparkling city. built
from a barren desert waste with the
use of irrigation. stands as living
monument to the miracle Of water.
Utah, Colorado, Wyoming and
New Mexico entered into the 1922
agreement with the States Of the
Lower Basin-C California, Arizona
and Nevada-in order to provide
an equitable and dependable dis
tribution of the waters from the
Rockies primary river. The Lower
Basin has been developed apace, in
step with the mushrooming South
ern California population. But the
Upper Basin area. lacking the
pressing demands Of thirsty mil
lions. has Jagged.
Since World War II, however.
the Upper Basin States have faced
not only a rapidly growing need
for water, but also the realization
that their sole remaining major
source. the Colorado system, might
easily be denied them II Cali
fornia, through the well-established
doctrine of prior usage. sought to
enlarge its claims to the river
systems how.
lo48 Agreement
In 1948 the four Upper Basin
States entered into q formal agree
rnent on the division Of the avail
able water among themselves. Then
the Bureau of Reclamation of the
Department Of the Interior, as the
result Of years Of careful study Of
the watershed, recommended con-
struction Of 10 storage dams, six
of which were included in the
original bills put before Congress.
But despite Endorsement Of the
Upper Colorado Project by Presi-
dents Truman and Eisenhower the
measures encountered formidable
opposition.
Few voices questioned the inter-
mountain Vests need for water.
But the projects foes were provided
with perfect target for their
heavy artillery when reclamation
engineers included, as one Of the
key units, q dam at Echo Park,
where the Green and Yampa
Rivers meet near the Utah Colo
RADIO border.
Echo Park. unfortunately for the
projects enthusiastic supporters.
happened to be located within the
boundaries Of the Dinosaur Ma
tional Monument. Conservationists
throughout the Nation, alarmed at
the possible precedent involved in
this invasion" of o national monu-
msnt. quickly and effectively mobil-
he'd for q finish fight. Although
they lost many times In skirmishes
with the projects hackers. they
merely intensified their opposition.
'Essentior D1msits
The four States Immediately con-
leerned In the success Of the UpAer
Colorado project took ths position
Evening star., 1955-07-17
Western Battle Over Water
Neors Showdown at Capitol

that the Echo Park Dam was essen
tial to the overall water storage
plan, and that the use Of portion
of Dinosaur for a reclamation with
drawal had been specifically pro-
vided in the executive order en-
larging the area Of the original
DinoSaur Monument.
The conservationiStS said the dam
could be built elsewhere, that 1t
would forever destroy unique nat
ural features and scenic wonders
and that the approval of this "in-
vasion" would open the door Of
exploitation to all and sundry who
might have designs on the resources
Sof other national parks and monu-
ments. e
In the final session Of the SD
Congress last year. both House
and Senate committees reported
favorably on the project bills, but
adjournment came before a vote
was possible. This year the bills
were reintroduced. The Senate
has passed its bill, with the Echo
Park provision retained. In the
House., the Echo Park provision
was eliminated by the Committee
on Interior and Insular Affairs and
the measure now awaits clearance
from the Rules Committee.
4 Doms Remain
AS the measure stands now, only
four Of the original six dams
recommended remain in the bill.
They are Flaming Gorge, on
the Green River in Utah, just
north Of the Dinosaur National
Monument; Navajo Dam, on the
San Juan River in Northwestern
New Mexico; Curecantii Dam on
the Gunnison River in South Gen.
trail Colorado, and the Glen Can
yon Dam in Arizona, just below
the Utah border.
The project spokesman say q
substantial beginning can be made
toward the long-range completion
Of q permanent water system for
the West II these four dams are
authorized. They urge the need for
speed II the States Of the Upper
Basin are to avoid an impending
serious shortage Of water.
Conservationists, however, have
not relaxed their opposition to the
entire project so long as the Echo
Park proposal has any possibility
OF again becoming a part Of the
overall plan. Although leaders in
the long fight for passage of the
legislation have stated they are re-
signed to the elimination of Echo
Park, the conservationists are far
from convinced. They fear a move
to restore the Echo provision In q
Senate-House conference commit
tee If the House passes the measure,
or In some other way at a later
date.
The proponents Of the project,
however. weary but still determined
after their long battle, say they will
sincerely accept the measure with
out Echo Park If that is necessary
to bring about enactment. They
fear that powerful interests in the
Lower Basin. which they accuse of
having used the conservation argu-
ments against the Echo site, will
use every means to defeat the
project in any event.
Both sides claim victory II the
measure comes before the House
before adjournment. But whatever
the outcome Of the vote, it can
safely be assumed that the fight win
not be over until the Upper Basin
States have made Q measurable
start toward future use Of the
water now flowing embarrassed
through the serried canyons soward
. thirsty California.
Evening star., 1955-07-17
BY HOWARD L. DUTKIN

Abuses under the Presidents
loyalty and security program-ar-
bitrary firings based on hearsay
evidence and unjust charges, later
retracted, against loyal Govern
ment employes-seem In line for
some modification on the basis
Of recent congressional and judi
cial sentiment.
The Senate already has passed
a bipartisan proposal to set UP .
commission to study the Govern
ment's security system. The House
has passed q companion proposal.
On the judicial side. many law
yers see q trend toward q more
rigid Interpretation Of executive
powers with possible curbing Of
those powers.
The recent opinion by the q. 8.
Court Of Appeals for the District
of Columbia in the Schachtman
passport case Is seen as pointing
such a trend.
In that case the Government had
contended that the issuance or de-
nial Of passports was strictly mat
ter Of discretion by the Secretary
Of State.
Not at all, said the appellate
court. The Secretary. the court
ruled, must show . good, legal rea-
son for denial Of q passport. The
passport applicant must be &C
corded the safeguards Of due proc
ess Of law before his travel can
be curbed, 1t was stated.
The crux Of the criticism Of the
loyalty program-the use Of secret
evidence from unnamed accusers--
was not touched on in the passport
case.
InvoIid Reason
The Secretary gave as reason for
refusal to issue the document the
fact that the applicant was an
official Of an organization desig-
mated by the Attorney General -
subversive. The court held that
this was not q valid reason for
denial of the passport.
The court pointed out in q foot
note that the Secretary had not
claimed he had other reasons that
could not be disclosed for reasons
Of national security.
Since the issue Of secrecy was not
before it, the court made no ruling
on that aspect. II q passport Ii
refused on secrecy grounds, then
some court may still be faced with
that vital issue.
Some lawyers believe that since
valid reasons must be given for re-
fusal to issue passports. the same
philosophy should be extended to
loyalty firings.
But others point out that while
freedom to travel Is . fright" en-
joyed by citizens right that
cannot be taken away without q
fair hearing Government Job is
. privilege which Ii not protected
by the Constitution. The Govern
ment, they contend, may IRE Just
as private employer may without
any constitutional ENHANCEMENT.
Is Due Process Involved?
To this, opposing forces rejoin
that . person fired ~ . security
risk suffers SO serious Q penalty
socially and economically that he
should be entitled to . "due pro-
cess hearing with opportunity to
face and ross-examine his ac-
cusers.
The use Of secret information in
loyalty firings was upheld by the
Supreme Court In q A. vote several
years ago In the Dorothy Bailey
case. Since then the composition Of
the court has changed with the
deaths Of Chief Justice Vinson and
Justice Jackson and the appoint
nents Of Chief Justice Warren and
Justice Harlan.
Those hoping for curbs on the
Evening star., 1955-07-17
NEARBY VOTES

Votes Of nearby area legislators
on major roll calls in congress last
week:
Senote
On expressing the hope Of the
Senate that enslaved peoples of
Europe and Asia be restored the
rights Of self-government. Adopted,
$50.
For: Byrd, Democrat Of virginia; Robert
son, DEMOCRAT Of Virginia: Bean. Republi-
can Of MARYLAND; Butler. Republican Of
On passing the reserve forces bill.
Passed, SOL.
For; BYRD, Robertson, Bean. Butler.
House
On passing the bill appropriating
$2.6 billion in foreign aid for fiscal
1856. Passed: 251-123.
For; Hyde, Republican Of Maryland; Lank-
ford, DemQcrat Of Maryland; Broyhill, Re.
publican Of virginia.
smith. 6smos1ss asl':aa 2 1Sf,.' s. q ''''ini'
tos@ptasl sv esasssssisaal eaessssavs
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-02
Financing Education
In the Future

The costs Of education have
risen because Of the increased
expenses for labor and materials.
lnflationary pressures, growing
population and the improvement
lot school programs.
The problem Of financing our
schools, however. IL not lack Of
capacity to support education
adequately. The problem y ma
|tional determination 10 apply
enough Of our available resources
Ito the Job.
The people Of America need
urgently to re-examine the allo-
cation OF tax funds at al levels
Iof Government. The destiny Of
our children and our free society
demands that we use more Of
our wealth for education.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-02

lumhia In Federal aid, and it.
reported that one table In 10 had
proposed combining aid to school
districts certifying conformity
to the Supreme Court Indignation
ruling.
Two other sets Of recommen-
dations were issued yesterday.
One, on the problem Of obtain
ing enough good teachers, cited
q need for higher prestige and
salaries for the teaching profess
sion. 1t also urged improvement
Of teacher training and relieving
teachers of undesirable duties.
The other, on stimulating pub
lie interest In education, said
more White House conferences
should be held periodically, but
that these would be futile ''un-
less specific, positive actisn" were
taken on the State. local and ma
|tional levels to meet critical edu-
|cational needs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-02

There was consensus that STATE
aid should be increased to pro-
vide, after o fair local levy.
basic program on an eQualized
basis. Some favored q conabina-
ton Of equalization and flat
grants. There was o general
agreement that initiative to ex-
coed the basic program should
be encouraged.
A re-examination should be
made In each State Of the con-
stitutional and statutory restfic-
tions on the bonding and taxing
powers Of the State governments.
These should be eased to the ex-
tent necessary to provide an ade-
quate program Of education.
There was some opinion that. II
necessary. constitutional restric-
tions SHOULD be removed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-02
Johnson Sees Unity
On Foreign Policy

Los ANGELES, Dec. 2 R1.--
Senate Majority Leader Lyndon
johnson says partisanship IN the
United States foreign policy win
not be revived unless there Is q
split in Democratic and Repub-
lican detectives.
The United States has de-
veloped Q bipartisan foreign
policy because both parties agree
|on the basic propositions. the
Texas Democrat yesterday told
the National American Hotel As
ISOLATION convention.
$50 long rs the agreement re-
mains. the policy viii remain, "
Senator johnson said. adding:
This does not mean an end to
disagreement on methods. Nor
does 1t mean an end to discus
sion Of foreign policy.
what 1t does mean is discus
sion and disagreement among
men who are seeking success for
their country and not just sue.
cess for q political party. The
Nation must come FIRST.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-02
Federal Aid for Schools

A substantial majority felt that
some States do not have sufficient
financial resources TO take care
|of the essential needs Of the
schools.
The participants approved by
Ia ratio Of more than two to one
the proposition that the Fed
|eral Government should increase
It's financial participation In pub
lie education. OF those favoring
such increase. the overwhelming
majority approved an Increase In
Federal funds for school building
construction. On the issue Of
Federal funds to the States for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-02
Door Smashed In,
Attackers Get $50

Three men who apparently
knew Edward Tucker. 10, col.
ored. had Just received q Gov
eminent check. broke through
the door Of his room at 93o I
street S.W. last night, beat him
as he lay In bed, and took $50
Mr.. Tucker was treated ii
District General Hospital fol
scalp decorations and an injured
finger and released. He told
Detective Sergt. Robert J. Reed
OF the robbery squad he had paid
$50 for his lodgings before be
was attacked ct $3.50 pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-02

uizsd the right Of parents to edu-
cate their children Ia non-public
8 c hools In accordance with
american tradition. q large ma
jority Of the participants did not
favor the use Of tax funds for
support Of non-publio education
al institutions.
A small number Of participants
discussed the matter Of health
and welfare benefits TO pupils Of
non-pubiic schools. Among these
participants there was consider
able sentiment that such services
should not be denied 70 these pu-
pills.
As means for increasing sup
port Of fon-puhlic sohools, pfi-
vate and corporate gifts and
grants and tuition fees were sug-
crested.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-02
EDUCATION
Conflnued From First PAEI

Continued From First Page
which 20 deeply involves the fu-
ture Of our Nation. should be q
nonpartisan program on which
people Of good viii can now act
in concert" he declared.
Mr.. Folsom said he had talked
with Mr.. Eisenhower in Gettys-
burg yesterday morning before
making his address.
The cabinet oficer said the
administration Is being guided
by the principle Of not threat
ening local school freedom. The
danger, he declared, ''is not that
the freedom Of local school
systems will be lost by Federal
aid for school buildings. but
that it be gradually weakened
by default"
Operating Aid Not Indicated
Mr.. Folsom's address, which
twice explicitly mentioned aid
for school buildings, indicated
the administration may not plan
any venture into providing Fed
Ieral funds for school operating
purposes.
Conference delegates yester-
day recorded a 2-to-1 majority
for increased Federal school
financing aid. an overwhelming
majority for construction aid
but q $3.50 split on operation
aid.
The formal financing report
made public last night differed
little from preliminary recon-
mendationS reported earlier In
the day.
The report added q recon-
mendation for including terri.
tories and the District Of Co
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-02

The District. for the first time
has q real chance to share ir
Federal aid to education, 1t APP
peared today.
The White House Conference
on Education recommended yes
terday giving the District Fed.
eral school aid funds. along with
the States and Territories.
The action, assuming it wins
Endorsement from Federal ad-
illustrators and Congress. might
well amount to q major boon In
meeting the city's pressing school
needs.
Washington does not share In
present Federal school construc-
ton grants, even though sur
rounding communities have been
given many millions in the last
several years because. they quail
ify as so-called federally i'm
pacted areas.
The Districts delegation failed
yesterday. however. to get con-
ference backing on another aid
plea request for a bigger Fed
eral contribution to the city's
budget.
Fleming Gains support
Robert v. Fleming. chairman
Of the District conference dele
CATION, succeeded In winning the
direct school-aid support in a
last-minute plea to conference
leaders.
Early yesterday discussion
leaders, in shaping pstanal con-
ference recommendations for a
bigger Federal aid-to-education
program, dropped out Q proposal
from several round table groups,
urging a bigger annual payment
to the District from the Federal
Government.
The conference also omitted
the District in stipulating where
school aid should go. naming
only the States. This action also
ignored recommendations from
discussion groups.
Mr.. Fleming, who himself had
arranged for the introduction Of
an aid plea into conference
round tables, Immediately ex-
pressed strong concern when In
formed about the reflections.
The delegation chairman. who
was not at the conference at the
time, personally telephoned q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-02

Each state has the responsible
lity to provide for all It's children
AN opportunity for q minimum
LOT IL years Of public school edu-
cation. The organization OF adj
lministrative units should be such
as to eliminate or reduce 10 q
minimum the inefficient and In
defective school districts u both
the elementary and secondary
fields, and to provide the most
desirable unit for the offering Of
an adequate education program
for all elementary and secondary
pupils.
Districts should be organized
lon the basis Of natural areas OF
Communication. geographic man.
lageability and In keeping with
the best interests Of the cofnmu-
nifty and the pupils.
It was agreed that an adequate
organization Of school districts
was closely related TO any fair
and adequate program Of finance
for schools.
There, should be o re-exami-
nation Of the legal restrictions on
borrowing and taxing powers foT
school purposes leading toward
the easing Of such restrictions
but safeguarding the credit Of
the State and local communities
Il ID noted that o small minor
Iity favored the removal Of al
restrictions.
Where legal restrictions exist
they should be periodically re-
viewed.
Each State should base III
taxing power on property through
an equalized assessed valuation
and on the basis Of Statewide
uniform standards. thereby pro.
viding q fairer base In terms Of
liability to pay. Better trained peo.
Iple, better administrative pro.
lcesses. and more scientific meth.
ods are needed to insure fairnes.
In assessment procedures and
lpractices.
All taxable property should b
kept on the tar rolls, and thers
should be continuous reappraisal
of property values.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-02
Chance for Federal Aid
To D. c. Schools Seen

protest to Conference Chairman
Neil H. McElroy, later sending
written plea for reconsideration
i Adopt District Aid Plea
Subsequently. Dr.. Pearl A
IWanamaker, washington Stat
school superintendent, and Edgal
FulleS, executive secretary Of th'
Council Of Chief State Schoo
Officers, who were drafting tn,
report, added both the District
land Federal territories 10 eligi'
bility for school aid. They de-
clined to recommend the Fedora
payment proposal. however.
Conference Director Clint Pace
said 1t was not possible to include
the payment plea because Thu
ALREADY had been turned dowr
at the final conference involving
other delegates. The Federal aid
plea. by contrast, apparently had
merely been overlooked.
Mr.. Fleming. however, declared
that. inasmuch as discussion
groups had Endorsed the pro-
Iposal. he felt It should ut least
be entered In the recommends
tons as minority report.
MFR. Fleming, who Is chairman
|of the board Of the Riggs Ma
Itional Bank. in his letter. point
ed out the Districts population
is larger than those Of 10 States
and that its Federal tax pay
Iments are bigger. The letter also
noted that Federal grants to the
District In one recent year
amounted to only $7.36 per
capita. compared to per capita
Federal tax payments OF almost
$3.50.
Mr.. Fleming also stressed that
the Federal Government owns
from q to a per cent Of the
Districts land, all tax free.
The delegation chairman said
he felt these figures emphasized
the justice Of our request" for
more Federal aid.
Wants Protest In Record
Roland T. Carr, an alternate
delegate and aide to Mr.. Elem
ing. who also talked with Mr..
McElroy yesterday, said the in
clusion Of the District In the
Federal aid recommendation was
gratifying. However, he said he
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-02

was certain Mr.. Fleming still
wanted to see the protest on the
Federal payment deletion placed
in the conference record.
Board Of Education President
C. Melvin Sharpe and Member
Walter N. Tobriner. who served
|as conference delegates, also
expressed disappointment at the
rejection Of this plea. 1t was
supported py discussion round
tables Of which both were men,
bers on Wednesday, they pointed
out.
Mr.. Shapes roundtable group
sent its own protest to the con-
ference leadership yesterday.
The District got some addi-
tional encouragement from the
conference. however. A report
on building needs mentioned the
Districts financial dependence
on Congress. The conference
also urged that the Federal Gov
eminent reimburse States for
nontaxed property.
District leaders said they saw
no good reason why the Capital
should not be reimbursed Just
as much as the States.
Win Backing Of Delegates
District delegates also success
fully enlisted support Of many
from other parts Of the country
in their move to win conference
backing.
One discussion chairman,
Iowa State School Supt. James
c. Wright. sought several times
to gain acceptance OF the Dis
trict plea ct the final conference
level yesterday. A West Spring
1eld Mass manufacturer,
Honore z. Ssvaria, guided the
recommendation through an
other group
The Districts cause got en-
couragement In one session from
william 8. Schmidt. school
superintendent Of Prince Georges
County. who said:
II don't think Congress has
ever recognized its responsibility
TO Washington"
Another round-table group.
which rejected Federal school
aid in general. specifically urged
help for the territories and the
District.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-02

local school operation. the partic-
ipants divided almost evenly. A
very small minority was opposed
Ito Federal aid for education In
amy form.
A majority agreed that all
States and territories and the
District of Columbia should be
eligible for Federal funds but
that they should be granted only
on the basis OF demonstrated
needs.
Federal aid should never be
permitted to become q deterrent
10 state and local initiative N
leducation.
The administration OF Federal
funds should be through the APP
lpropriate State agency for edu-
cation. This State agency should
determine the relative needs Of
local school districts. There was
some opinion that Federal ad-
lministration Of financial grants
flor education should be vested In
1.-THE United States Office Of Edu-
cation.
The delegates almost unani-
mously opposed any Federal con-
Itrol over education use OF funds
liz local school districts. Account
ling by the States to the Federal
Government for fiscal purposes
was not interpreted Is Federal
control Of education.
One table In 10 recommended
that Federal aid should be made
available to States only for those
districts certifying that they art
conforTning to the Supreme
Court decision prohibiting raci-
laily segregated school systems.