davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-02-09
Federal School Aid Limited
Program Asks Millions, but Billions Are Needed;
Can President See Its Emergency Proportions?

this country should publicly
admit to their poverty and
throw themselves on the mercy
of richer States or the Federal
Government seems to have
appeal IN many quarters. 1t
emerges regularly at the an
nual conference of the State
Governors and as regularly the
overwhelming majority of the
Governors turn the cold shoul-
This quarrel is basic. The
original architects of the well
fare state-raost of which the
President has accepted. at
least in theory-believe in
prompt and ample Federal
action to meet national social
emergencies like that con-
fronting the schools. From
their point of view the Pres
ident's approach in the new
message looks back--way back.
Perhaps one trouble with the
present special school problem
is that Washington draws to
it for the most part the Sue
cessful, the well-to-do and the
more mature citizens. Their
children are not victims of
the present cruel classroom
shortage and. as a French
philosopher said, one bears
with equanimity the misfor-
tunes of others.
Evening star., 1955-02-09
Escaped Slayer Of Editor
Is Placed on FBI List
BY the Associaied Press

The escaped slayer of Ohio
Editor Don r. Mellett was added
today to the FBI's list of 40
most wanted men,"
The fugitive is Patrick Eugene
McDermott, 56, described by the
FBI as "a cold-blooded paid as
sassin."
McDermott was convicted 20
years ago Of the ambush staying
of Mr.. Mellett, editor of the
Canton (Ohio) Daily News. who
was shot down near his home.
The prosecution charged that
McDermott had been employed
to commit the crime by Canton
underworld characters whose ac-
tivities were threatened by Mr..
Mellett's militant newspaper ar
ticles concerning an alleged
alliance between hoodlums and
certain police officials.
McDermott got a life sentence.
He had served more than 81
years when he escaped from the
Ohio Penitentiary at Columbus
last November %.
Evening star., 1955-02-09
Dorothy Thompson
Dorothy Thompson
Just What Is an 'Aggressor'?
Here Is One Definition: He Who Refuses to Neqotiote
In Face of Immediate War Threat Is an Aooressor

The United Nations has
never found a satisfactory
definition of aggression" Its
concept is that the nation that
first fires or moves troops
across a given line is the ag-
gressor. sThe manner of deal
ing with an aggressor has been
envisaged as demanding that
he cease and, if he refuses, to
make him the target of united
military action"
Whatever may be the merit
of this concept. it vanishes the
moment the world becomes di-
vided into political and mill
tary blocs. When the great
powers aligned against each
other in a cold war, the
United" Nations ceased to
exist. Instead of a standing
peace conference it became a
political battle arena.
No member or group within
it stands as an impartial tri-
bunal with the power to en-
force a decision. The neutrals,
especially India, might try to
exercise such a function, but
their determination not to be
involved in armed conflicts
rules out any enforcement role.
The present concept of "ag-
gressor" falls in almost any
case.
United Nations members vote
according to the side they are
on. But the question Of who
fired first does not cover, in
any case, the realities of a war
crisis.
War encompasses other
measures than shooting. An
ultimatum delivered by one
power to another has always
been interpreted as declara-
ton of intention to fight, If it
is not accepted. The organiza-
ton of armed guerrillas or
"undergrounds" on foreign ter
ritory is a war measure. So is
economic blockade.
The simple definition Of ag-
gression is practically impos-
sible to apply in q civil war.
Partnership always influences
judgment,
In Spain world communism
Evening star., 1955-02-09

courts have declared school
construction authorities uncon-
stitutional.
The school experts say also
that it would be at least a year
before any results would show
from the Eisenhower plan.
Meanwhile. school enrolment
Is going up at a rate of more
than a million. a year. This
year it is 30.8 million-up %,
per cent over 1850.
The Presidents philosophical
approach provokes as much
gloom in school circles as his
practical suggestions. AS they
see it. he has dealt with what
they regard as the gravest in
ternal crisis in this democracy
in the spirit of a Lady Bounti-
full who restricts her gifts to
the worthy poor.
The reference is to the Pres
ident's ban on outright grants
except to communities too poor
to build their own schools.
There will be no States and
few communities willing to
take the pauper's oath on this
or any other proposition. Actu-
ally, many of the wealthiest
States which spend propor-
tionately the largest share Of
their revenues on education are
among the most hard-pressed.
The idea that some parts Of
Evening star., 1955-02-09
Fletcher Knebel-
Potomac Fever

Premier Georgi Malenkov resigns" In special
recognition services the comrades let Maenkov get his
resignation into print ahead of his obituary.
Ousted Premier Maenkov says his guilt failing to
problem. Georgi porge puddn' and pie, he
raised Cain-but grew rye
Foreign Minister Moloov Eisenhower trying
Communist nations back capitalism Conservative
Republicans doubt it. They Ike can't to turn the
United States back to capitalism.
Ike Congress 81 billion for schools
Local communities broke build schools They
all their money-phonng Washington for help
Russia its third Premier since World War II French
diplomat heard to mutter That's the trouble with the Rus
sian government No stability
House committee approves a $4,000 pay raise for
Now where cyncs who Congressman don't
have the courage to tackle unpopular issues?
Marshal Nikoa Bulganin, of Russia
banker. Khrushchev Mootov adopted
anthem for their theme Bankers away boys
bankers away :"
Evening star., 1955-02-09
hreot Is an Aggressor

defended the "loyalists," as the
Legitimate" government as
sailed by Fascist rebels"
In China it defended the
Communist rebels on the
ground that the loyalists no
longer represented the people.
Civil wars cease to be con-
flicts Of internal interests when
either or both parties are
backed by an external power.
In China the Soviets armed
the Communists from aban-
doned japanese arsenals, while
the Americans supported
Chang Kai-shek, initially as
the leader of the war against
Japan.
But we went on supporting
him after the war against
Japan had been won and the
civil war lost.
The Chinese National Army,
protected by an American
Fleet, has been perpetually
bombarding Communicated
islands and mainland. Such
bombardments are shooting
war. They constitute an argu-
ment convincing far beyond
the Communist bloc that
America, in supporting them,
is aggressively intervening in
an internal Chinese matter.
AS long as the United Ma
tions fails to find a better
definition of aggression it can
not be even a strong moral in
strument for peace.
I suggest that there is one:
An aggressor is the party who
in a situation Of actual or i'm
mediately threatening war re-
fuses cease-f1re, and refuses
to negotiate. The onus of ag-
gression, it seems to me, should
be put, not on the party who
starts the shooting (which is
often hard to determine). but
upon the party who refuses to
stop the shooting and to
negotiate. For this can be
unequivocally determined.
In opposing the cease-fire
both Chang and Chou are
wrong.
In sitting on the fence on
Evening star., 1955-02-09
David Lawrence

Internal trouble in Soviet
Russia rather than external
policy is back Of the forced
resignation Of Premier Malen-
kov. Every bit Of evidence for
many weeks has pointed that
way.
The news was not a surprise
to any Of the persons in this
country who constantly study
the trends inside Soviet Rus
sia. The question has not been
whether the Malenkov regime
could last, but how soon it
would be terminated from
within.
The picture presented to the
world is not that Of a parlia-
ment or an electorate chang
ing rulers but the secret ma
neuvers Of a little clique Of
men who name a new dictator
from their own number.
The sorry spectacle of a
deposed premier proclaiming
submissively, at the behest Of
q clique. that he has been
guilty of inefficiency is one
that could happen only in an
oligarchy, where the people
are not permitted to express
themselves and where death
faces the top man If he doesn't
do the bidding of the group.
Will it mean peace or war?
This question cannot be an
swered even by the coterie of
men who call themselves rulers
in Moscow. For the fact is
that Soviet Russia isn't pro-
ducing enough food for her
growing population and the,
men in command know their
tenure will be short-lived un-
less the food crisis is solved.
In desperation-and in an eff
fort to consolidate the people
by arousing their patriotism
there could be a move made
that would threaten world
peace. But experience has
shown that during World War
I when the army really got
concerned about internal af-
fairs and a revolution occurred,
a separate peace with the
enemy was made despite all
the patriotic appeals.
Evening star., 1955-02-09
Internal Weakness in Russia
Food Crisis Could Drive Poitburo to War in Effort
To Divert Populoce From q Growing Problem

Inside Poland. Czechoslovakia,
Romania, Bulgaria. Hungary.
and the Baltic countries the
people will know that a pre-
mier has been dismissed.
They will suspect weakness.
There may even be food riots
and uprisings soon in East
Germany that could spread
to the other satellite states.
Chancellor Adenauer points
significantly to the futility of
trying to do business with the
Moscow clique. 1t ought to
be a lesson to those who keep
advocating international con-
ferences" and high-level meet
ings with evil men.
So the setup is not one that
spells strength. Rather it in
dicates an internal weakness
which may lead to other
changes in the top-command
group. For always, in a COM
mittee form of government,
where the people have no
voice. the struggle for personal
power is never ending.
The situation will not jell
in Moscow for some time, and
it will not be possible to know
what new policies may ensue
to annoy, If not threaten, the
Western world with a new
program of bluff.
Obviously the d. advocates
here of more rather than less
armament and more imitation
through unbalanced budgets
will continue to try to scare
the Congress into voting big
ger appropriations. But the
trouble in Moscow. If anything,
vindicates the Judgment of
President Eisenhower. who is
making the armament budget
At the realities of today. This
means a firm reliance on nu-
clear power to prevent any big
war from happening and a
steady pressure Of potential
resistance in areas like the
Far East to keep a local situ-
alton from growing into a
major war. Some day the
Politburo itself will be over
thrown and there will be real
peace in the world.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1955-02-09
GonsIonLI1e bIoWI1 -
Khrushchev Is Old Foe Of u. S.
Russiu's New Dictator is Much More Dangerous
Than Stoin; Hopes to See America Crushed
Constantine Brown

A new, hard taskmaster,
harsher than Stain himself.
has taken over the unfortu-
nate Russian people. Where
he will lead them nobody
knows at present.
The resignation of Premier
Malenkov. who publicly pro-
claimed himself a failure, and
his replacement by Marshal
Bulganin--a political officer
who has demonstrated in the
last 10 years that he knows
when and whom to obey
places one of the most sinister
men in the USSR. Nikhita
Khrushchev, in absolute con-
troll of all the USSR and its
satellites.
For the last few weeks there
have been rumbles coming out
of Moscow indicating internal
struggles. Nobody, including
our Embassy staff in the So
Wet capital, was able to OBJ
serve anything concrete.
Outwardly everything was
sunshine and love. Only last
week, Khrushchev denied that
there had been any frictions
within the so-called triumvi-
rate in charge of the Soviets'
destinies. This unexpected
declaration caused many eye
brows to be raised in Wash
ington. Then the unexpected
bombshell: With a firm hand
Khrushchev had put on his
shoulders the mantle of Stain,
which has been hanging in a
closet since his death. It was
not large enough to cover
three men.
The new dictator is far more
dangerous than Stain, who in
his latter years before his
death had become somewhat
more cautious than before.
Khrushchev is an avowed
enemy Of the West and par
ticularly of the United States,
which he would like to see
crushed. He went to Peiping
last September to work out
and sign the new treaty with
Communist China. It was then
that the USSR put its
stamp of approval to China's
plans to remove all remaining
vestiges Of Western influence
from Asia and conquer For
mosa before the end of this
year. At the farewell banquet
Khrushchev stated: "The as
pirations Of the Chinese Peo-
pies Republic, the desire of
the entire 600 million Chinese
people to liberate the island Of
Taiwan, which is an insepara-
BILE part Of Chinese territory,
are near and understandable to
the Soviet Union. Taiwan will
be liberated soon and reunited
with all its great country-the
Chinese Peoples Republic"
After this speech, Khrush-
chev returned to Moscow early
in October. He ordered the So
Wet industry. in opposition to
M a lie nkov's instructions, to
slow down the production Of
Evening star., 1955-02-09
Doris FIeeson-

President Eisenhower's school
aid program does not represent
a serious attempt to deal with
the national emergency in ed
ucation.
1t is little more than a
letter of coincidence to the
localities and school authori-
ties which are struggling
against an enormous and
growing shortage of class
rooms.
The Presidents own Com
missioner of Education. Sam
uel Brownell, has placed the
current need at 100000 class
rooms. Federal cost estimates
indicate that the job well done
would cost more than $12
billion.
The President has suggested
only 5000 million in direct aid
for three years, which is about
$65 million a year. Even if all
went we'll and exactly as
planned, it would build only a
few thousand of the missing
classrooms.
School authorities are
equally skeptical about the
proposed plans to help school
districts and States. Twenty
States are said to have consti-
tutional debt limits which will
prevent any new borrowing. In
both Maine and Wisconsin, the
Evening star., 1955-02-09

next few months is today the
great question in the minds OF
the leaders of the free nations.
The fuse has been lit in Asia
by the Chinese Communist
rulers with Russia's strong
man approving. They seem at
the time of this writing to re-
main discreet in the face Of
the massive American naval
and air forces in the straits Of
Formosa. But it is highly
doubtful that they will remain
quiet after the evacuation Of
the Tachen Islands. In mill
tary quarters in Washington it
is believed that the Commu-
nists will attack Quemoy and
Matsu within the next eight
weeks, when the monsoon sea-
son will. favor operations by
their junks and handicap the
actions of our naval and air
forces. The Chinese Commu-e
nists also believe that they will
receive the whole-hearted sup
port of the USSR, and
that Khrushchev, more than
Malenkov and the opportunist
Molotov, will take a calculated
risk. Mao Tse-tung and Chou
En-lai must have known some
thing about the pending dra-
matte changes in the Soviet.
land when they arrogantly re.
jected the Security Councils
invitation to come to New York
and present their case against
the United States.
According to qualified OBJ
servers in this country and In
Britain, the USSR may not
adopt Immediately an aggres-
sive attitude toward the West.
But there have been straws in
the wind in the last few weeks
that the Red moose is tighten
ing up in Finland. and Mos
COW has been tough with Swe-
den-both countries outside
NATO and incapable of offer-
ing more than a token resis-
tance to Soviet pressure.
Evening star., 1955-02-09

So the present rulers face
the danger that. If they try to
capitalize on the crisis. they
may bring about their own un-
doing.
The chances are that the
circumstances which forced
Malenkov out of Office have to
do with the long range plan
ming of the Communist Party
leaders who have been trying
to apply their socialistic doc
trine. They have been de-
feated thus far by the work
ings of human nature-the re-
fusal of the peasants to pro-
duce food for others when they
cannot make a livelihood them
selves.
The frequency with which
the word agriculture" Is used
in the statements and addresses
attending the custer of Malen-
kov and his own emphasis on
his lack of success in that
direction serves to confirm
the belief that internal trou-
bles have been growing rather
than diminishing inside Rus
sia.
With such an unrest devel-
oping, the efforts of the Polit-
buro will be concentrated on
preventing any new problems
from arising-such as a new
war in the Far East-which
could put an extra drain on
the already strained Soviet
economy.
The coincidence of the dis
missal Of Malenkov and the
boastful statement by For
eign Minister Molotov that So
Wet Russia is far ahead of the
United States in hydrogen
bomb development cannot be
overlooked. The Soviet COM
mittee which planned the fir
ing of Malenkov knew it would
be regarded by the world as
a sign Of weakness, and they
prepared what might be called
an anticipatory rebuttal.
But this version of the
change which the politburo
has just made will not be
accepted throughout the world
and least of all in the areas
bordering on the Soviet Union.
Evening star., 1955-02-09
AT Pilot and Civilian
Killed in Bomber Crash
By the Associated Press

APPLE VALLEY, Calf, Feb.
9.-An Edwards Air Force Base
pilot and a civilian were killed
yesterday when their B-57
bomber crashed and exploded
five miles north of here, the Air
Force reported.
The pilot was Capt. Anderson
B. Honts, married and the
father of three children. His
parents are Mr.. and Mrs. A. B.
Honts of Front Royal, Va.
Identification of his civilian
passenger was withheld pending
notification Of his family.
The Air Force said the plane
was on a routine test flight.
Evening star., 1955-02-09
Food-Gruin Record

BOMBAY.-During the past
year India raised food grains
on more than 261 million acres,
an all-time record.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-19

Tons of pure, clear ice are manufactured
daily in modern poultry plant to pack
and ship poultry to our distribution CEN
ter From there the poultry is placed on
modern refrigerated trailer trucks and
rushed to your nearby Safeway store Fry
ers killed today are on sale tomorrow at
Safeway -. in less than SO hours. Safe
way Premium Quality" frying chickens
are the pick of the flocks from nearby
Maryland, Virginia and Delaware.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-19
SAFEWAY PAYS A PREMIUM TO
Bring YOU THIS PROTECTION

Here are two of Uncle Sans trained inspectors
carefully examining frying chickens destined for
Safeway stores Only those birds that pass Uncle
Sans rigid specifications for wholesomeness are
ever delivered to your Safeway store Advertised
prices Of chickens vary but 1t will pay you to
compare quality as well as price when you shop
for frying chickens and other poultry Buy Safe
way Premium Quality" POULTRY with COM
plete confidence. SAFEWAY BUYS POULTRY
ONLY FROM U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRI-
CULTURE INSPECTED PLANTS.
, 1955-12-19
cUsToDIAL WORKER / Female1

WORKER I entrance Salary $1,000 per annum)
Assignment involves manual work in the cleaning of build
ings, grounds and equipment
Ability to read and write is required; experience in the per
fformance Of manual labor; good physical condition.
Applications must be made on the official form which may
be obtained from the Personnel Branch Office in Christian
sted.
M l.. JAMES
Director of Personnel
, 1955-12-19
BY THE GOVERNOR
OF THE
PROCLAMATION
ST. Croix Christmas Festival : 1855

The story of the birth of the Christ Child in His Bethle-
hem manger has perImeated the lives of human beings Of
MANY races and creeds for almost two thousand years; yet
its beauty is u~ndimmed, and its message ever more meaning
full. The birthday Of the Son Of God has been celebrated by
different customs and observances throughout the world
but, whether it be the Dutch children setting out their clogs
for Saint Nicholas, the German children awaiting Kris
Kringle, or any of us who has ever believed in q Santa Claus,
we have somehow felt at Christnastide the renewal OF a per
sonal rapport with the Holy Spirit of Gods Kingdom
1 hope that all Virgin Islanders will join in the merriest
Christmas of many years. praying that our fellow men IN
every country may be free to worship as they please.
-NOW,eTHEREFORE, WALTER a. GORDON, by viz
tue of the authority vested in me as Governor Of the Virgin
Islands, do hereby set aside and proclaim. in recognition OF
the traditional ST. Croixs Christmas Festival, a special legal
holiday throughout the Virgin Islands Of the United States
on Tuesday, December q, 1855.
Witness my Hand and the Seal Of the Government of
the United States at Charlotte Amalie, st. Thomas, Virgin
Islands, this thirteenth day of December, AID, 1855.
SEAD
WALTER A. GORDON
Governor
~
, 1955-12-19
N Q 7

REDUCED OVERSEAS TELEPHONE RATES 2
CHRISTMAS and NEW YEARS DAY
If you are planning to make Overseas Telephone
Calls on Christmas and New Years Day, you should
make arrangements now. If this is not done you
may not be able to get your call through On account
Of the large number Of request that are ahead Of
yours.
Call the OVERSEAS OPERATOR now at Number
SO3 and place your call.
ST. CROIX TELEPHONE SYSTEM
nuanrrr rnurp1np
, 1955-12-19
ANNOUNCEMENT

The Division Of Personnel is establishing an eligible list
or the following class.
Evening star., 1955-07-05
U. 5. Traffic Toll
Breaks Record
Nv thu Associated Press

TRAFFIC deaths In the Nation
climbed to q new high for the
Fourth Of July holiday period
as at least 393 persons lost their
lives.
The overall accidental death
toll also was the heaviest ever
for q three-day independence
Day holiday period.
The traffic accidents, compiled
from 8 pm, local time, Friday
to midnight last night, were
higher than the $50 estimated
by the National Safety Council
and compared with a previous
high Of 366 for the three day
Fourth Of July period in 1852.
In the 78-hour period. 23s
persons drowned and 141 were
killed in miscellaneous accidents
The overall total Of 773 was a
record for a three-day period
and compared with a record Of
1893 for a four-day Fourth of
July period in 1850. The traffic
toll in 1850 was an all-time high
of 491.
Every State and the District OF
Columbia reported at least one
accidental death. This years
toll in all types Of accidents was
far ahead Of last years three day
holiday period, when there were
34s traffic deaths, 1872 drownings,
10 deaths in miscellaneous mis-
haps and 4 deaths by fireworks
One persons was killed by fire.
works this year.
Evening star., 1955-07-05
Truins Collide,
5 Men Killed

FORT SUMNER, N. Mex. July
5 (R.-Five crewmen reportedly
were killed in the blazing wreck
age of two freight trains which
collided headon early today. One
body was recovered.
The men, residents of Clovis,
N. Mex, were trapped in the
cabs as flaming oil enveloped the
toppled Diesel engines.
The Santa Fe Railway said
about 25 cars were derailed.
The wreck occurred at Car
denas, los miles west Of Clovis
on the Eastern New Mexico
plains.
Ralph Alter. Santa Fe public
relations officer, said the west
bound freight had headed into
siding to let the eastbound
freight pass. The westbound
train. instead Of stopping. ap-
tparently went on through and
collided with the approaching
train on the main line.
Mr.. Alter Identified the vic
Tins as E.. G.. Abernathy and
j. w. Fryar. engineman and
head brakeman on the eastbound
train; j. c. Canipe, I. w. Bell
and v. F. Adair. engineman, fire.
man and head brakeman on the
westbound train.
1 w. B. Hester of Clovis, fire.
man on the eastbound train.
was taken to Fort Sumner Hos
pital with shoulder and ankle
injuries.