davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-06-12
|Nurruqunsett Results

FIRST RACE-Purse. $4,000; claim
ing: 4-year-olds and up: furlongs.
Gala Morn (Wilder) 48.2O 22.O0 1910
Hotrock (Mar'eZ) 1880 1880
of We Go tGibb) 72O
Moseid, Jetair. Flower Queen, Calico
Creek, Game Miss, Fancy Boy, Fancy
Step. Strongplay. Ghibli. Time, :122s.
SECOND RACE-Purse, $500; claim
ing: 4-year-olds and up: - miles.
Tony's Gem (Mannl 2O.SO 11.10 $50
Final Proof (Maddenl $40 $50
Blen Sand (Rosel 4.2O
Sara-Chana. Little Lark, Cheribeacon.
Robert, Pinocchio. Indian Lad. Eva S
Trance Time 1.4R2x
Evening star., 1955-06-12

gp iarlonss Post 200 otf soos start good won dv-
.sS So 1S 4n. S.,SS: sss .isSsS
Horse. Jockey wgt PP. q 3 Str Fin. Odds.
D: = ! :: \ 4
ssis;]i Ris s1Ss
pd.
Ms Es aisf'; Sa ,; $685.
Horse. Jockey Mst. Pr. :. z Str: Fin. Odds:
] u ! !; d! \ I Il
a s.: e. s$;ls $ 4 II 4 4 i:::$ i::$
~ & { Sy.s1SsS 5ssssas .sttg entry
ny RSsE 5 Ban. EEp pedss
= DAILY D0UBLE g AND 8 PAID sIa.s0
s. o9 os aq an sPd
Souns vaiues-sasOo $500, ssoO
Horse. Jockey Wst EP z z Str: Fin odd.
3: ]! 4 ]: 8; g. /! Z n
EF,s; S''s HSa ss4 aaS 'l'''
FOURTH RACE = Purse. $4,000: allowance; 3-year-old
sf; "'|si Ro' % a
81 ss.S 500 $50 s4oo 500 Time :45isN
Horse. Jockey. Wet. PP. 2 z Str. Fin Odds
I ! e: 6; = \ / 4
y s pHtas RS Dsd IS 80 3 6 Ed s
Handle-S205,237
Evening star., 1955-06-12

cpsrisnt sasar hSs by TEansis Puhlieatons Ins
up; up inrlcngs Post ZOO off 2oo start good dTv
centIveGay Amazon, Trainer, Zateslo Vaues-Sl $50
5000. $500. $3.50. Time. ia. Raining and sloppy
Evening star., 1955-06-12

w. Arnold Hangers Rico Reto
qualified nicely for next Satur-
days Delaware Oaks by scoring
an easy upset in today's fourth
race, an allowance event for s.
|year-old f1llies.
The daughter Of Rico Monte
beat out the ocds-on entry of
Smart Devil and Hen Party, who
bear the silks of Louis Lee Hag-
Evening star., 1955-06-12
CHARTS OF DELAWARE PARK RACES

longs Post AL; off alti; start good; won ridden o
Hero-peseta Trainer. ]. p. Jones' vslues-S2275. a(
Evening star., 1955-06-12

Two-dollar mutues paid-sARAToGA. s. 60 40 So go
ALIBHAI LASHES 81 90 $3.50. THINKING CAP, $3.50.
Hand
Evening star., 1955-07-17

loyalty program see significance in
o comment by the appellate court
here In q recent adoption case. The
court stated fiatly at one point that
the courts may not regard refusal
to sign Q loyalty declaration Chat
one Is not q member Of an organi-
xation on the subersive list) as IAN
adverse reflection upon character" I"
The appellate court currently has
under consideration the first Fed
eral court test Of an important ele-
ment in the loyalty picture apart
from the issue Of Government EN-
ployment.
The question involves the con-
stitutionality of q statute which
bars from tenancy in q Federal low
cost housing development one who
Evening star., 1955-07-17

The four States Immediately con-
aeerned In the slccess Of the UpAef
Colorado project took the position
Evening star., 1955-07-17
Court Decisions Point to Change
In Federal Security Procedures

n 0 member Of o group on the
Attorney Generals subversive list.
Tenant coss
The tenants IN the current case.
John and Doris Rudder, occupied
Federal low-cost housing In the
Lincoln Heights Dwellings here.
Following their refusal to sign
an oath that they were not mem
bers Of an allegedly subversive
organization, as required under the
statute known as the Gwinn
Amendment. they were ordered to
move.
The Municipal Court Of Appeals
upheld the eviction and the case
was admitted to review by the
U. 8. Court Of Appeals.
Counsel for the Rudders declare
that "the question here is whether
the Gwinn Amendment is an exer-
else Of Judgment or q display
of arbitrary power which
by no reasonable possibility falls
within the range Of discretion
permissible to Congress"
But the Government contends
that "the statute forms q. part Of
q current and important pattern Of
legislation designed to meet and
block the familiar internal
tactics Of Soviet afiliates." In ad-
dition. it Ia pointed out that there
are more would-be tenants than
there IL housing available and that
it would be unfair to keep loyal
Americans on . waiting list while
granting quarters to those who
won't say whether or not they be-
long to allegedly subversive organi-
nations.
But the American Civil Liberties
Union sees the amendment As IAN
instance Of Government encroach-
ment upon private beliefs 80"
Evening star., 1955-07-17
By JOHN M. RossoN

"A wealth of information which
may help solve the Districts year
round transit problems is now porf-
ing In from official observers Of the
17-day-old Capital Transit strike.
That data viii likely become the
only bright spot in the record
breaking walkout.
The police and trafic depart
ments have found two serious weak
spots in the city's trafic system:
/. The District has too few traf-
fic policemen on its overloaded
streets.
2. Three built-in traffic jams at
strategically located multiple in
tersections. in the Northwest section
the heaviest travelled in the Dis
trict-are making that area the
most congested in the city.
Policemen Shortage
Most Of the credit for successful
handling of the transit-strike traf-
fic has been rightfully given to the
hundreds Of traffic patrolmen who
have been on call an average Of 10,
hours day, seven days week
since the walkout began on July /.
Their success proved to the salts
faction of District traffic experts
that no number Of traffic lights can
adequately substitute for good traf-
&c patrolmen.
Police officials maintain, as they
have for several years, that given
a sufficient number Of trained traf-
flc patrolmen, the city's increasing
problems could be markedly re-
duced. No one however. would ven-
tJre q guess as to when or how
the force would be increased.
BottIeneeks s.
II an increase in personnel was
coupled with the riddance Of the
Northwest sections built-in traf-
fic tieups. offlcials believe that half
of their more persistent problems
would disappear. Without those
moves, they feel the traf1lc difflcul-
ties here will continue to mount.
The headaches suffered with the
three jams Sixteenth and Irving
streets. Eleventh and o streets and
at Washington Circle-have long
been obvious to the city's traffic
men.
A fourth built-in tieup at Park
place and Michigan avenue NV,
near Soldiers Home, was remedied
by installation Of one-way streets
and the three-and-one, or unbal-
anced lane, rush-hour traffic pat
tern.
Those corrective measures, how
ever, cannot be used to alleviate
conditions at the other three sites.
The problem is one of engineering.
Tunnels would have to be dug.
buildings raised andior the overall
street pattern Of each area COM
pletely revamped.
The transit-stnke traffic also
Evening star., 1955-07-17

viting more Government activity.
The trouble Is money.
Richard II. Stringfellow. attor-
ney, accountant and president Of
the Capitol Hill Restoration So
ciety. said his group will meet We'd
nesday to discuss and probably pass
q resolution inviting the National
Capital Planning Commission to
declare the Hill q renewal area"
Plan Suggested
The society would have a plan
for the area drawn up. submitted
to the NCPC. the Redevelopment
Land Agency and the Housing and
Home Finance Agency. If ap-
proved. the plan would set the
character Of the neighborhood so
that lending agencies and the Fed
eral mortgage insurance agencies
would be more willing to risk
money on the redeveloped homes.
Under present conditions lenders
fear that the Hill and Foggy
Bottom neighborhoods may not
come UP to the standards their
residents foresee. Consequently,
first trust loans on property are so
low that large second trusts, involv-
ing burdensome monthly payments.
are required Of buyers, Mr. String
fellow said The alternative is q
huge down payment.
AS an example, he cites the
house he remodeled and occupies
at 612 A street NE, on which
succession of building and loan
companies offered him first trusts
Of between $1,000 and $10,500.
Both FILA and bank appraisers
have valued the property at $21. 900.
Evening star., 1955-07-17
Many Traffic Lessons
Learned From Strike

confirmed several oficial theories.
Police efiicials found that the
25-mile speed limit on most Of the
city streets did not need increasing.
The department feels that trafIic
moves more effectively. and safely.
at that speed.
One-way streets have been
watched closely. Their successful
operation during the past two weeks
has kept officials alert to the sdvis-
ability Of posting more streets as
one-way. No one. however. Is will
ing to say what streets are under
study. Opposition to one-way
streets by the city's merchants Is
the reason for secrecy.
The satisfaction found in the
operation Of the Districts sun
balanced lane" traffic pattern, 20
successfully used on upper Con-
necticut avenue, has led police to
admit that further use Of this sys-
tenn is now under intensive study.
Misconceptions
The strike-trafiic data also proved
wrong many popular conceptions
concerning the strike.
Results Of surveys made at IL
key locations throughout the city
showed the transit strike was caus-
ing surprisingly little increase in
the number of cars entering and
leaving the District. Total volume
rose only 8.8 per cent.
Some change was recorded where
drivers themselves were concerned.
The tests showed that many drivers
were finding it easier to reach their
destinations in the morning because
the normal peak trafilc hours Of
Z to 9 am. were being extended
from s to 10 am. Parking on
transit tracks aided the commuters
immeasurahly Of course. Many
were even heard to say. shyly, that
they saw considerable merit in the
strike deadlock.
A similar theory was quietly ex-
pressed by police. They found con-
siderable evidence that the flow Of
traffic in many normally congested
areas could be speeded UP since
buses and streetcars weren't in the
way.
Car pools did not develop to the
extent expected. The surveys
set the passenger increase per car
at only one-tenth Of l percent.
The widespread idea that the
driving public would get valuable
civil defense training In mass evac-
uation also was discounted by po-
lice officials. They say the two
cases-strike and air-raid-are too
dissimilar.
In the strike, traffic is flowing in
two directions. In an air raid, most
automobiles would be going the
same way. Furthermore, panic does
not enter into the picture in Q
transit strike. Only Illustration.
And this is easier to handle. say
the experts.
Evening star., 1955-07-17
Private Efforts Here Make
Old BIighted Areas Shine

IN the movement, sets its own
boundaries as Twenty-third street,
e street. Pennsylvania avenue and
Rock Creek parkway.
Southwest has the firmest
boundaries, although for redevel-
opment purposes these too have
fiuctuated. Among the uncertain.
ties afilicting residents have been
changes In the area that would be
included in the grand plan Of Webb
and Knapp, New York developers,
who want to tear down most Of
the section and create q new sub
city.
Az first announced, the scheme
would not have included o trian-
gular area north Of Virginia ave-
nue., but later thiS area was In
cluded. In this most Of Southwestis
private redevelopment has taken
place.
The planners later decided they
wanted the whole section-from
South Capitol street and Independ-
ence avenue to the Potomac.
Typieol Problems
Typical troubles imposed on res
idents and prospective remodelers
are found in the block bounded
by Second. Third. Canal and c
streets S.w.
In the FIRST plan this block was
to be allowed to grow as it would.
Several houses on the Canal and
Second street sides, which look out
on the Capitol. were Quilted and
done over.
Then the law against living in
alley houses (which never had been
enforced) was repealed. Owners Of
q clump Of alley dwellings inside
the block evicted their tenants
large families Of underprivileged
Negroes-and prepared to convert
to modern living area. That was
several months ago.
The houses stand empty today.
Brickwork was pointed up before
the change In Webb and Knapp's
plans, but that was the extent Of
the improvement. Webb and Knapp
now list the block as q public
building site"
A further unknown has been
thrown into the situation by an
other group Of planners-the road
men. They have designed an "in-
ner loop belt freeway" which would
60 through the centers Of existing
blocks, moving down all buildings
In its path. II built. it would split
the block in question. Residents
feel that II the building planners
don't get their property, the road
men might. Neither plan Is definite
yet, but no one is going ahead to
improve the area If their efforts
are to be negated by Government
action.
Capitol Hill and Foggy Bottom
face q dit t%rent problem-which
the residents hope 10 solve by In
Evening star., 1955-07-17

On this basis, the first trust should
run between $l2,500 and $4,000.
With the renewal plan In effect
the money situation would loosen.
according to both Mr.. Stringfellow
and Attorney John 0unther. presi-
dent Of the Foggy Bottom Restora-
ton Society.
Foegy Bottom PIon
That group has attacked the
same problem in the same way. Its
plan is already before the planning
commission.
The renewal plans differ from
those Of Webb and Knapp In that
they leave standing and committed
to their present uses all buildings
now in the area.
The Foggy Bottom includes some
two-story apartments on land that
Is now vacant. Adoption Of such
q plan. of course, would not super
sede the law requiring owners of
condemned buildings to either fix
them up or tear them down.
Another line Of attack on the
problems Of redevelopment Is being
mapped by the Capitol Hill group.
Mr.. Stringfellow said his group
will try to get its area included in
the present law that requires all
building and reconstruction in
Georgetown to be approved by the
Fine Arts Commission. This would
insure perpetuation Of the historic
character Of the neighborhood,
which includes homes over $50
years old.
With several Members Of Con-
Hess living there. some owning and
.sbme renting. the plan viii S1ave
powerful friends.
Evening star., 1955-07-17
BY FRANK sARTWELL

Private citizens are remaking
the face Of Washington's oldest
residential districts. converting
some Of the worst city slums into
high-grade living areas.
They are hampered. in some
instances, by the Governments
desire to do the same thing; in
others. by both Government and
private lack Of desire to help with
the financing.
Caught In the renovation ferver
are three downtown areas-Foggy
Bottom. Capitol Hill and South
west. Their predecessor in this
movement, Georgetown. began the
process in the last part of the 18th
century. It Is still going on.
What is happening is q reversal
Of the most noticeable trend of
city populations-toward the sub
urbs. Families are being lured
back downtown by many factors
convenience to work and recrea-
ton: homes with antique charm
and ultra-modern comfort; per-
haps q sense of history. Even
scenery. not usually thought Of as
an adjunct of in-town living, is
important when homes are among
great public buildings and monu-
ments.
The change from broken-down
slum buildings to handsome, reno
waited homes is being made by
various sorts of remodelers- some
syndicates, some small professional
operators and families that sim
ply want good place to live.
Reyomping Of Alleys
Most dramatic is the revamping
Of entire alleys. Civic plague spots
like Shows and Green's courts
In Foggy Bottom and Schott's al
ley on Capital Hill, once nests of
crime and disease, have become
model living areas occupied by
Federal officials. members Of Con-
gress and upper-bracket private
citizens.
The areas involved have uncer-
tain boundaries. The oldest fans
out from the Capitol, with most
remodeling being done in the
Southeast and Northeast sections.
Real estate men have advertised
dwellings q mile from the Capitol
as Capitol Hill" homes, but resi-
dents nearer the center Of things
feel the real area is east Of the
CAPITOL within o radius Of five or
six blocks north and south.
/. Foggy Bottom, which got its name
from the mists Of the Potomac and
has achieved world fame as the
home Of the State Department, also
has Its boundaries chiefly in the eye
Of the beholder. Some would ex-
tend its east side, for instance, to
the White House. The Foggy Bot
tom Restoration Society, o new citi-
sens group Of persons interested
Evening star., 1955-07-17
ItoIy Takes Giont Strides
Toword Real Land Reform

dinia. The appropriated land must
be assigned to new owners within
three years. So far nearly million
acres have been distributed TO TO-
900 people. Lots are drawn among
the eligible, who must be landless
laborers, or small farm owners, or
be In some other way connected
with the land.
The new owners are on proba-
ton for two years. After that they
get title to the land through nor
NAL contracts Of sale. The price
which Is paid In installments over
a 30-year period must not exceed
two-thirds Of the cost Of the land
development, plus the indemnity
paid to the former owner.
Cleorins the Building
BY the time the new owner ar
rives. the land Ii already cleared
and drained. Often, Q home, .
shed and roads have been built.
Sometimes an entire village IL con-
structec around o church. school
and post Office.
Average size Of the lots Is 121z
acres, but they can be as small a.
f1ve acres or as big as 123. depend
ing on the physical and climatic
condition Of the area. After the
owner has settled down. he is given
technical and financial assistance.
There are free courses for men and
women. loans for the working and
seeding Of the land. recreation CEN
ters. Some 35 co-operatives have
been founded to sell produce. fur
nish technical facilities and loan
agricultural machinery.
It Is easier to transform the land.
however. than to turn downtrodden
laborers into technically and NOR
ally independent proprietors.
The Communists are trying 70
undermine the program and b
claim credit for It at the same
time. They say that their pres
sure forced the government 10 nm.
dertake it. They attempt TO cash
in on the general dissatisfaction;
which exists. Of course. a. with an
bold new measures.
The appropriated landowners are
furious; so are the applicants who
came away empty handed. Also
furious are some Of those who got
land but wanted more. A groat
many persons still believe Com
munism would make them Yich
quicker.
The Outlook
Others claim that the program n
too expensive and that 1t only
nibbles at Italy's big economic and
social problems, or that too many
ex-FascistS work in the land reform
organizations.
Yet. the long-term view h en-
couraging. The government has
made some progress. Taking q leaf
from the Communists book, ths
government tries to enlist the sup
port Of the younger generation.
worries less about converting their
conservative and suspicious parents.
Many Of the new farm owners havo
Joined the government medical In
surance companies, although tho
Communists have given out the
order not to join them. In the last
elections. the government parties
gained proportionally more than
the extreme left.
Italy has no longer only the
doubtful distinction Of having the
largest Communist Party outside
the Iron Curtain. but Of having
undertaken the greatest land re-
form In modern times by demo-
cratic means.
Evening star., 1955-07-17
BY MARGARITA DoBERT

A Roman legionnaire coming back
to his fathers farm from the EN-
pire's far flung wars, would have
been quite at home In many parts
Of Italy In 1850.
He would have found a miser-
able hut with triple deck sleeping
arrangements-pigs and chickens
under the bed, husband and wife in
the bed and the baby suspended
from the ceiling above the bed. The
farmer would find it normal to walk
i've to six miles to work on the
huge estate Of his landlord, con-
slider himself lucky If he earned 50
o week and be employed 180 days
In q year. In fact, nothing much
changed since Gracchi tried 1000
years ago to needle the Romans in
to land reform for the poor.
Yet. today this is no longer true.
Dotting the landscape are neat.
white washed. red rooted houses.
Big tractors turn over the stony
fields. There are new roads and
aqueducts. low-built, utilitarian
cousins to the high graceful aque-
ducts Of antiquity. But, most inn
portant Of all, there is a new spirit,
a social and economic awakening.
Reformation or Revolution
Posters along the roads proclaim
that this change is due to the gov
ernment land reform.
Until four years ago, % million
acres were in the hands of about
5000 owners, while over million
farmers had no more than 1A
acres each. Progressive minded
men realized that it was not enough
to talk in general terms about hui
man dignity and individual free
dom, that something concrete had
to be done about the millions Of
poor unless q revolution were to
engulf the country. The late Pre-
mier AIcide de Gasperi's Inspiration
and energy turned this thought into
action.
The new Premier designate, An
tonic Segni. can be expected to
carry on the work. Mr.. Segni, as
minister of agriculture in several
de Gasperi cabinets. was the author
Of the land reform laws. In fact
the new Premier ordered expropria-
tion of most of his own estates in
Sardinia.
Two land reform laws were
passed in 1850. providing for the
appropriation, reclamation and re-
ALLEGATION of the big estates to small
farmers and agrarian workers.
The acts apply to holdings which
exceed TAI acres. But smaller hold
ings can be affected if the land is
unimproved or produces a very low
income.
Expropriotion
On January 81. 1853, the Presi-
dent Of the Republic issued an act
Of appropriation against some 5000
landowners. affecting almost IN
million acres. Each case was indi-
vidually examined before a board.
A few hundred landowners were ex-
empted because they had admin
istered their property In exemplary
fashion. An additional 100000 acres
were voluntarily relinquished BY
their owners. No one lost all his
land.
The owners were paid an indeln-
nifty, averaging about $45 an acre
In 5 per cent 25-year government
bonds.
Eight agencies administer the
land reform in 13 areas from the
Po River delta to Sicily and Sar-