davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19

right hand, as an assistant to the then
Secretary Of the Treasury, when Mr.. Mel
lon first asked him to aid in his project.
Mr.. Finley not only took part in the gem
eral planning Of the edifice and the ar
rangement of its contents but, by tactful
and persuasive personal negotiations,
brought to the gallery the rare Kress,
Widener, Rosenwald, Booth, Dale and
other collections. The latest OF these flne
additions, consisting of more than 100
paintings and pieces Of sculpture from
the Kress collection, viii be placed ION
public display here on March II Of next
year, the 18th anniversary of the gallery.
Although Mr.. Finley was eligible for
retirement on July Of this year, he
agreed to stay another year In order to
supervise the March ceremonies This
event should prove to be q hitting climax
to the outstanding record Of service which
Mr. Finley has given to the National
Gallery and to the Nation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19
For q Better World

It is o. relief to know that
President Eisenhower reopened
disarmament negotiations with
the Russians as soon as he
could resume part Of his duties.
Those negotiations must sue
coed, or both countries win
face the prospect of extermi-
mating each other with nucleai
weapons.
Let us remember that dis
armament alone Is only the be-
ginning. Nations will continue
TO have the conflicts II in
terest which formerly led to
war. and some better way must
be found to settle such dis,
putes. The United Nations In
its present form is not equal
to the job; but the coming
revision conference may
strengthen 1t to q point where
II can become effective.
Hopeful.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19
Religious Freedom

American Citizen" writing
in this column Of religious
freedom, seems to compare our
country with Argentina. and
warns Of the possibility Of q
like struggle developing here.
He does not state the premises
on which he bases such an
alarming conclusion. ! feel !
could console him II I only
knew how he interprets the
term religious freedom" for
there Is much disagreement on
the meaning.
For instance. does he believe
the revolution that deposed
Peron was q move toward reli-
gious freedom as the radicals
claimed; or does he believe 1t
was o move to re-establish q
religious monopoly as Peron
might claim?
I personally cannot imagine
religious freedom existing
where there Is an established
church, with Its clergy on the
government payroll. and which
controls public education TO-
the extent Of having itself
subsidized taxation. I think
the efforts Of Peron to rid his
country Of that handicap was
an effort toward religious free
dom. and IL Is q queer twist Of
logic to call q suppression Of
special privilege D suppression
Of civil rights.
I do not see how American
Citizen" can see any similarity
OF situations between our couil-
try and Argentine. When our
Constitution was framed we
had no established church. and
our Constitution guarantees
that we never shall. tWhat
were We then but escapees from
established churches else
WHEREBY Because Of that benev-
olent guarantee we have been
able to explore every avenue
OF social and political enlight-
eminent, and we have greeted
4 stable government that does
not require us 10 shed each
others blood whenever We
change executives. We have
also had access TO every avenue
Of religious enlightenment as
and where, we seek It.
In contrast, Argentina not
( only inherited an established
4 church. but one which believes
that control Of education is Its
God given preroeative and
obligation. Authoritarianism Is.
the natural product Of such q
system. hence the acceptance
of dictatorship rs normal. In
the purely religious sphere.
Argentina may have OUT
stripped us. Certainly religious
activity there Is potent enough
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19

You hear d great deal about
matriarchiai influence these
days.
One man rises up to say
children brought UP in modern
city suburbs know only their
mothers.
Templeton Jones says.
"Hokum!"
Jones says the only particu-
lar mother influence he can
remember, aside from nursery
rhymes and stories, was to
learn o few such words as
fichu. dimity and denim.
Ask the ladies what they
mean. CTney won't know, II
they are young ladies,)
81 80
Probably the mother influ-
ence comes in q thousand ht-
tie ways, so subtle that men.
when they grow up. are seldom
aware Of them.
This Is the best sort Of In
fluence, Of course.
One Of the modern ideas
with which Mr.. Jones does not
agree is that people today do
not like to be lcctured to, or
listen to . story with . moral
tag to 1t.
Nobody ever liked to be
given q lesson In anything.
but 1t was good forsthem just
the same.
LongfeIlow, whose fame
earned him o niche In the
poets corner Of Westminster
Abbey. once wrote q poem with
the concluding line, Unto each
life some rain must fall" etc.
Recently Jones read reval-
uation Of Longfellow. in which
this very line was held up as
the very line that chased SO
many intellectuals away from
this poet.
And yet 1t is the one line
that Templeton Jones says he
remembers!
He believes that this is true
Of most other admirers Of this
poet.
The honest Victorian idea.
that q poem was somehow bet
ter for q moral tag on the end
Of it, had its origin in the COM
mon sense of the great bulk
Of the people.
Proverbs. in Q word.
Most human beings have
liked proverbs, at least until
they become sophisticated.
What Is IL, Jones wonders. to
become sophisticated?
The dictionary says sophisti-
Gated means to be deprived OF
native or original simplicity.
made artificial.
In everyday life, we tend to
think of q person as Sophisti-
Gated II he uses such q word
as "pragmatic." or says he
prefers Stravinslxy's music to
Beethovenis. or reads obscure
novels.
Everyday people. those who
still have . bit Of their original
simplicity left. simply call him
an egghead. and let 1t 60 at
that.
The word ''egghead." by the
way. is not In the big diction-
airy, nor Is 1t in two Of the
smaller but very-up-to-date
books Of words published in
1851.
The term. is supposed to
have come from the remark Of
a sophisticated person who. on
being told that Adlai Steven
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Super Cooled Denizens Of the Deep
By THOMAS r. HENRl

would be no breaking Of body
cells. such as results from the
swelling Of Ice crystals. After
an indefinite period the anil
mails might be brought out Of
the solid state. II the thawing
could be accomplished quickly
enough. none the worse for
their experience and presum-
ably without any memory Of
it..
This has been accomplished
with very minute organisms,
but any techniques which
might be used with higher
plants or animals have not
vet been discovered. It is q
quite different phenomenon,
Woods Hole biologists explain,
than that of the freezing Of
such organisms as barnacles
on shore rocks In winter. They
seem TO emerge In the spring
none the worse for the ex-
perience. although their blood
undoubtedly has been "ice."
Extent Of Life Unknown
The extent Of the life in the
superseded world. is u1-
known. It can. however, hard
" be confined to fisf. ALI sorts
Of mollusks, echincderms and
worms also are bottom dwell
ers in Arctic and Antarctic
waters.
This discovery was the chief
accomplishment Of last sum-
Jmer's voyage Of the Arctic In
Stitute Of North Americas re.
search schooner, Blue Dolphin.
into Labrador waters with
three Woods Hole scientists on
board. The Labrador coast Of
fered ideal conditions for
studies on organisms which are
able to survive q much more
rigorous winter than any exc
perienced on the Massachu.
sets coast.
The first studies were made
on surface fishes Of the Arc
tic waters. These had shown
that one way Of adjusting to
cold was by increasing the
concentration Of blood until
it had a freezing point essen
italy equal to that Of the sea
water In which it was SWIM
ming. The summer concen-
tration was only about half
that found In winter. The
surface fishes. of course, froze
Immediately when put in water
below this temperature.
It was thought at first that
the deep water fishes must
have some fundamental physi-
illogical difference from the
surface forms IN order to
spend their entire lives at
such temperatures. The biolo-
gists were surprised that they
also froze.
Now. the Woods Hole biolo-
gists say, the physiological
difference does not appear to
be very great after all. It's
not cold but Ice that kills.
There is no way Of telling at
what great depths Of tenn
perature life might persist so
long as no ice was formed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19
Misplaced Names

Ai1 awrv ~f,icflire rnY1finn n
The star ~ Sactc,,er n ,,a ]
fntrig,,inc 7,he ,,,,otoors, 4,
act,,sllv showed ,aft IS riobt
Russell XIII sminent author
al .The Conservative Mind.
and aggrandizer Of Burke and
both Adamses; Johnathan
Daniels, editor OF the Raleigh
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19
Third Season

ae-opeaea pine cones nom
t0pe dI0ppe1 IneT NUTS.
diie egtpty sfletis h1ilg
tStick upon the trees.
spread on me ground. Or deep
e CRACKS ana ruts
clipmanks 70 appeass
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19
HIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

son would win the last elec-
ton, said:
tAll the eggheads are for
hirl, but there are not enough
Of them to elect him"
No doubt the speaker had
some supreme egghead in mind
when he coined that remark,
which probably win be In all
dictionaries Of the future.
= 49,
What a child usually learns
at his mothers knee, to use
the old phrase Of original SIM
plicity, is good manners. some
approach to religion. litera-
ture and music. He also gets
some good lessons in everyday
hygiene.
Living q little life with the
womenfolk never hurt any
body. male Or female.
It is perfectly natural, also
native and simple, II you pre-
fer. and scarcely sophisticated.
To be sophisticated. one has
to learn q great many dne
things that are not exactly
true, or wholly true; one often
changes his mind. time and
time again, In the sophisti-
Gated arenas Of learning.
What one regards as the
truth at is Is scarcely what
he thinks OF as true at so
years of age, in the great mass
Of artificial facts and figures
and fancies we tend to call
and think Of as sophisticated.
One has to be pretty far
gone. in sophistication, to like
some Of this modern art. for
instance.
One has to be an egghead.
perhaps, to like novels with
sentences In them six pages
long without a period, and
scarcely . comma.
Those who looked at q ma
tional magazine the other day
saw In contrast the famous
painting. washington Cross
ing the Delaware" and as de-
picted in a modern" painting.
One locker, at least. found
the modern" painting fuzzy
and indistinct, at least in the
reproductions. in comparison
with the great original.
II am not q bit sophisti-
Gated" he said to himself: and
added, quietly, under his
breath, THANK God"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19
Judgment Toxpoyer

These are the sentiments Of
q Montgomery County tax
payer, q most indignant one.
Being one OF those widows
whose only stable income from
now on viii be social security
q began receiving 1t last
MONTH. ! am very grateful to
Mrs. B. q. Hughes. whose
letter was published in The
Star. October 10. for her
understanding and sympathy.
and ] only wish Montgomery
Finance Director Alex H. Han
cock would share them.
Before my late husband and
! bought our property over 20
years ago: In June. 1926, we
had inquired about taxes In
Montgomery County. We were
assured then that they were
not high. only $50 or so q year.
They increased gradually, but
as my husband attended to
them. / did not worry. In
is40. however. he became
hopelessly iii, and all the bur-
dens fell on my shoulders. In
GLIDING the taxes. In 1853,
they gave me q shock by q
sudden Jump, and I realized
that the Internal Revenue
man in washington was right
when he pointed out to me
the inequities Of Maryland
taxes. Look at this school
tax he said. why should
you pay that much when you
never had q child in Maryland
schools?"
The same year I had q still
greater shock when / lost q
fairly good position in WASH
ington, because Of my hus-
bands long illness. To the
double nightmare. physical
and mental. was added i third
Y.s -, - s ! - s,, .s.s 49,,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19
AboyeHAN

vice President Nixon took the high
level approach In his address before the
New York Herald Tribune forum--So high
In fact that some people are beginning
to wonder whether the new Nixon" has
made his appearance on the political
scene.
This was speech without harsh
note in all 10 pages. Mr.. Nixon spoke
with feeling of the hope of the worlds
people for peace. He took q cheerful
view of the United Nations He observed
that the atom can be force for peace.
both in its creative and in its destructive
aspects.
The spirit OF Geneva was discussed
calmly and real restraint was shown In
dealing with "four time bombs" which
need to be "de-fused before they set on
explosions which could lead to war"
These, as enumerated, are the unnatural
division Of peoples, the captive states.
organized subversion and the fear Of
surprise attack. Secretary Of State
Dulles was warmly praised, and there was
no attack, direct or indirect, on his pred
ecessor. woodrow Wilson was quoted
W4k1A NkpkUNOA aAlu tlAGAC WCAC O&iAAtS hAtAN
words for Democratic Senators Lyndon
johnson and Walter George. Current talk
Of cutting or aid to India was frowned
upon, racial and religious prejudice was
deplored, and an appeal was made for
lowered trade barriers and freer exchange
Of persons. Finally, there was warm
tribute to the President and pledge that
his aides In washington viii carry on
until Mr.. Eisenhower returns to the
White House.
In short, this sounded like the speech
Of man who was testing the political
winds from position high above the
crudities Of partisan politics. Why this
transition from the tooth-and- APP
preach TO that of sweet reasonableness?
Does it mean that Mr.. Nixon has returned
from Denver believing that the time has
come for him 10 make his opening bid
for the Republican nomination. Perhaps
not. But this speech reflects the type Of
preconventipn appeal ne viii have to
make, and there Is not . word or phrase
in 1t which can be said to ieopardize his
prospects.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19
Confident Mr.. Ford

announcement by Henry Ford II
that the Ford Motor Company will spend
a half-billion dollars on plant expansion
next year has several Implications One,
that hardly can be questioned, is that
competition in the automobile industry
Is tough-par ticularly in the Ford
General Motors race for the commanding
position. A second Is that the industry
itself is one Of the most aggressive and
daring In our national economy, willing
to risk much In expectation Of gaining
more. third is that the industry, and
particularly its leaders, have confidence
not only In themselves but In the coun-
try's future economically and politi-
cally. This third point. In fact, can be
stretched to imply comparable conf
dence In worldwide economic and
political well-being.
1t was the theme OF confidence. in
the national framework, that Mr.. Ford
emphasized in making his announcement.
Since World War II, the Ford company
has spent SIT billion In plant expansion
and modernization. The new program
will carry this sum to $2.2 billion. The
company's decision, Mr.. Ford explained,
arises out Of conviction that the
American business community should
prepare for major break Through into
a new, higher plateau Of production and
consumption. !. We can't let fears of
short-range setbacks keep US from
meeting that challenge"
There Is, of course, a particular
timeliness to the Ford announcement.
AS the boom of the past year rolled on
at increased speed, some concern has
been voiced about the rapid expansion
Of productive capacity, mounting INSTALL
ment debt and the high level OF stock
market prices. The illness OF President
Eisenhower and the doubts 1t has raised
about continuity Of his policies already
have shaken the stock market. But
capital investment by industry itself
provides one Of the solid foundations for
prosperity. Along with the automobile
industry, steel, chemicals, rubber, cleo
tronics and others OF the basic industries
have contributed heavily In this respect.
General Motors, for example, viii have
invested 81 billion in the decade ending
next year and the steel industry already
has poured nearly 81 billion into plant
expansion since the end of the war. The
Ford decision tends to support this trend
toward q growing and healthy economy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19

@. Are there many arrests
for mailing obscene matter?
How many Of the persons ar
rested for postal crimes are
finally convicted?-J. N.
A. One Of the press serv-
ices reported on August l.
1855, that In the year end
ing June 80 postal arrests for
mailing obscene or other IL
legal matter had reached the
all-tine high figure Of 265.
representing q 81 per cent In
crease over the previous year.
In the first six months of
1855. o9.l per cent Of those
arrested for postal crimes-in-
GLIDING theft. tampering with
the mails. mailing illegal or
obscene matter. etc.--were
convicted.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19
Gesundheit!

Charles, Tracewell,s recent
essay on the srieeze was classic.
Only he could present such an
indicate subject with such
meaningful delicacy. !. too.
feel irnpelled to sound on on
the wide-open Washington
sneeze now that the subject is
no longer hush-hush.
As a practical approach to
this problem, what with polio,
T.. b.. multiple sclerosis and all
the other foundations ad in
finitun, /. for one, Heaven
forbid. would welcome even
another--a sneeze foundation.
whose prime function would be
the distribution of muzzles to
all these ker-chooing drizzle-
pusses.
Re.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19

WOODS HOLE. Mass,
There is q realm Of super
cooled life"
Its denizens are deep water
fishes which live long and
happily In water with q tenn
perature below the freezing
point Of their blood. But
whenever one Of them comes
In contact with even q single
crystal Of ice, 1t freezes all
most instantly.
This strange phenomenon
Of marine life has been OBJ
served and to q large extent
explained by Woods Hole BIZ
olog:sts.
These particular fish--there
may be many other species In
other parts Of the world--liye
at the bottom Of Hebron ford
In Northern Labrador. The
temperature there is about IL
below zero centigrade. Some
were caught and brought to
the surface. Then they were
plunged into a bath Of sea
water cooled to exactly the
same temperature. Like SUR
face fishes they froze stiff in
stantly. This has puzzled the
Woods Hole biologists for sew
eral years. Now. according to
an institute report, it has been
solved by . chance observa-
ton.
Several Of tnN deep ford
fishes had been kept in super
cooled water In the laboratory
for several hours. Suddenly
one Of them came into contact
with an ice crystal. It froze
stid Immediately. In the field
the water bath used 10 test
the fish was cooled by freez-
ing out bits Of Ice from rela-
lively brackish water and
enough ice crystals were pres
ent to seed and freeze the fish.
In their natural habitat how
ever, they can live super
cooled indefinitely. They are
below the depth at which 1t
is possible for ice crystals to
form In the water. Thus they
are in no danger.
Still Water Slow TO Freeze
Very careful experiments
some carried out at the Ma
tional Bureau of Standards in
Washington--have shown that
water can be carried far be-
low its freezing point If 1t is
kept absolutely motionless and
is absolutely free from rninute
particles which are necessary
for the formation Of Ice crys-
tails. This il about the condi-
ton that exists at the ford
bottom.
Eventually. II the ternpera-
ture is taken lower and lower,
such water win solidify into
o form far different from ice.
II is non-crystailine and can
best be compared with glass.
But even II this happened in
the Hebron ford 1t would not
necessarily bother the fishes.
Their blood also, presumably
would turn to glass. There
ID ~ 4 go E. Il Z & Z
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19
Road Knights Injured
You WIN most IikelY receive

You will most likely receive
quite b few letters contradict
ing the title Of D Write-up Of
October 10. "Police Plan Crack
down on Hot Rod Hoodlums. "
This has torn down In one day
what we. The Road Knights
Of Arlington. Of which ! am
one Of SO members. the D. c.
Dragons. and others have
tried in past years to build up.
All 'Hot Rods" are not hood
lums. You. your star. the
police, and the public are free
to look at the records Of any
person in any OF these WELL
sponsored and organized clubs.
"The Road Knights' build
up--not tear down highway
safety.
Your article states MRS.
Hayden. who lives at 1890
Emerson street. NV. charged
that eangs were terrcrizing
teenagers In che AREA ! IA my
estimation and ntners, there is
quite . difference between
gangs" ana wen sponsored
''hot rods.
Your story also states shat
5 OF 8 oiik-ol school boys In
the area hare caused trouble.
She described them Is hot
rOdders, with juvenile records. =
This II c0ndemning thousands
or boys tor the troubie caiixed
BY d few.
The fact that . person has
1 car does not mean that he =
1 hot rod.
We, the hot rod clubs have
q fine record nov, and would
like very much ID keep and
add 70 It. We feel that articles
of this nature do not add or
help Us In aa1y WY.
] am n and : zeiiior 81
Wasiiin9ton-Iee High school
in Arlington, and most Of the
boys ID these clubs are around
this aee, and this does not
make us Is students look very
good.
Vernon MEarsteIler
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19
Fin, Version

The Star Of September 30
carried . brief account taken
from the Associated Press wire
s0f the intended showing, at
the conferences OF the Atomic
Industrial Forum In the Sher-
atom Park Hotel Of 4 Soviet
him depictifig the 5000 kiio-
watt nuclear power plant near
Moscow. The showing had to
be cancelled, as the account
IN The star correctly stated.
when q piece clipped from the
leader 70 the him proved to be
infiammable.
Not included In The Star
story. however because it was
not known at the timel, was
the conclusion to the Incl
dent: Soviet Embassy ofiicials
have informed us that they
subsequently tested the aim
and discovered that the main
body Of 1t was in fact fireproot
safety filn. A few feet Of In
fiammable leader had been
sphced on at each end and
this. when tested earlier. had
led to the mistaken conclusion
that the entire Aim was in
fiammable.
Oliver Townsend.
Secretary and Assistant
Executive Manager,
Atomic Industrial Fo-
rum, Inc.
New York City.