davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-03-17
HARTMAN TO PRESIDENT

Top secret. Moscow, "a Sep
tember 1914.
Personnel and top secret for
the eyes of the President only
from Hartman.
This evening explained to
Marshal Stain that you had
asked Gen. Hurley to call on
him to explain your concern over
China and to give him person.
ally a message regarding a fu-
ture meeting. Stain interrupted
to say that he had been Ill with
the grippe when Hurley was in
Moscow, that in the past he had
been able to shake it in a few
days but that this time he had
been Ill for several weeks. He
looked more worn out than
have ever seen him and not as
yet fully recovered. ] explained
that you had In mind a meeting
in the latter part of November
and that as it was too late for
Alaska the Mediterranean might
provide a suitable place. He said
that a meeting was very desir-
able but that he was afraid his
doctors would not allow him tc
travel. ! am satisfied that
Stain is anxious to meet you
Evening star., 1955-03-17

would not be dificult and he
would not object to an interna-
tionalized free port.
TRUSTEESHIPS
The President then said he
wished to discuss the question Of
trusteeships with Marshal Stain.
He said he had in mind for Korea
a trusteeship composed Of a
Soviet, an American and a Chi
nese representative. He said the
only experience we had had in
this matter was In the Philip
pines where it had taken about
so years for the people to be
prepared for self-government.
He felt that in the case Of Korea
the period might be from 20 to
80 years.
Marshal Stain said the shorter
the period the better. and he
inquired whether any foreign
troops would be stationed in
Korea.
The President replied in the
negative, to which Marshal
Stain expressed approval.
The President then said there
was one question in regard to
Korea which was delicate. He
personally did not feel it was
necessary to invite the British to
participate in the trusteeship Of
Korea. but he felt that they
might resent this.
Marshal Stain replied that
they would most. certainly be
offended. In fact, he said. the
Prime Minister might "kill u.s."
In his opinion he felt that the
British should be invited.
The President then said he
also had in mind a trusteeship
for Indo- China. He added that
the British did not approve Of
this idea as they wished to give
it back to the French since they
feared the Implications Of a
trusteeship as 1t might affect
Burma.
Marshal Stain remarked that
the British had lost Burma once
through reliance on Indo-C China,
and it was not his opinion that
Britain. was sure country to
protect this area. He added that
he thought Indo-C China was a
very important area.
The President said France had
done nothing to improve the
natives since she had the colony.
INTERNAL CONDITIONS IN
CHINA
The President said that for
some time we had been trying
to keep China alive.
Marshal Stain expressed the
opinion that China would re-
main alive. He added that they
needed some new leaders around
Chang Kai-shek.
The President said Gen. Wede-
meyer and the new Ambassador.
Gen. Hurley, were having much
more success than their prede-
cessors and had made more prog
ress in bringing the Communists
in the north together with the
Chungking government. He said
the fault lay more with the
Kuamintang and the Chungking
government than with the So
called Communists.
Evening star., 1955-03-17
THE AMBASSADOR IN THE
SOVIET UNION (HARRT.
NAM TO THE PRESIDENT.

Il
SOVIET UNION (HARRT-
NAM TO THE PRESIDENT,
Top Secret
MOSCOW. 10 July, 1914.
Sent by the United States Ma
val Attache. Moscow, via Navy
channels.
Personal and top secret for
the President from Hartman,
I recommend that you con-
slider emitting from your mes
sage to Marshal Stain your
No. 2D the following sentence
"Your army Is doing so mag
niflcently that the hop would
be much shorter to Scotland
than the one taken by MoIotoy
two years ago." The implica-
:tion Of this sentence is tina,
Marshal Stain should fly over
enemy occupied territory. Be-
cause Of the dangers Inherent
in such a flight ! feel there may
be resentment on the, part OF
Stains principal advisors which
might jeopardize the prospects
Of the meeting itself. Because
of the real fear that I have Of
such a reaction by the Soviets
I have taken the liberty of hold
Ing delivery of your message
awaiting your reply.
Evening star., 1955-03-17

three participating In the deter
mination Of German matters. ;. /.
The Prime Minister replied
that he felt that this brought
up the whole question Of the fu-
ture role Of France in Europe
and that he personally felt that
France should play q very i'm
portant role. He went on
to say that Great Britain did
not wish to bear the whole
weight Of an attack by Germany
in the future and for this reason
they would like to see France
strong and in possession Of a
large army. He said 1t was prob
lematical how long the United
States forces would be able to
stay In Europe.
The President replied that he
did not believe that American
troops would stay in Europe
much more than two years.
Marshal Stain repeated
that he wished to see France a
strong power but that he could
not destroy the truth, which was
that France had contributed lit
tie to this war and had opened
the gate to the enemy. In his
opinion, he said, the control COM
mission for Germany should be
run by those who have stood
firmly against Germany and
have made the greatest sacrifices
in bringing victory.
The President remarked that
he had also been through the
last war and that he remembered
very vividly that the United
States had lost a great deal of
money. He said that we had lent
over $40 billion to Germany and
that this time we would not re-
peat our past mistakes. He said
that in the United States after
the last war the German prop
erty that had been sequestered
during the war had been turned
back to the German owners, but
that this time he would seek the
necessary legislation to retain
for the United States all German
property in America. The
President concluded. .a That
despite his desire to see the dew
astated area in all countries. in
the Soviet Union, in Great
Britain. in France, and else
where, restored, he felt that
reparations could not possibly
cover the needs. He concluded
that he was in favor of extract
ing the maximum In reparations
from Germany but not to the
extent that the people would
| SkdINS.
Evening star., 1955-03-17
re-Conference Papers
PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT TO
MARSHAL STAIN

MARSHAL STAIN
tWashington) II July. 1914
Top Secret.
Priority.
Sent to the United States
Naval Attache. Moscow. via Navy
channels.
Number 81. Top secret and
personal. From the President for
Marshal Stain
Things are moving so fast and
80 successfully that I feel there
should be meeting between you
and Mr.. Churchill and me in the
reasonably near future. The
Prime Minister is in hearty ac-
cord with this thought. / am
now on a trip in the Far East
and must be in Washington for
several weeks on my return. It
would. therefore, be best for me
to have a meeting between the
10th and 18th of September. The
most central point for you and
me would be the north of Scot
land. I could go by ship and you
could come either by ship or by
plane. Your army is doing so
magnificently that the hop would
be much shorter to Scotland
than the one taken by Molotov
two years ago. I hope you can
let me have your thoughts.
Secrecy and security can be
maintained either aboard ship
or on shore.
Roosevelt.
Evening star., 1955-03-17
Feb. 6 Meeting
PIenory
Livadia Palace.
Matthews minutes.

Matthews minutes.
President: / should like to
bring UP Poland AS I said in
Teheran. in general I am in favor
or the Curzon Line. Most Poles,
like the Chinese, want to save
face. The Poles would like
East Prussia and part of Ger
many. It would make it easier
for me at home If the Soviet
government could give something
to Poland. -.
Stain: The Prime Minister has
said that for Great Britain the
question of Poland Is a question
Of honor. For Russia it is not
only a question Of honor but also
Of security. It is necessary
that Poland be free, independent
and powerful. 1t is not only a
question of honor but of life and
death for the Soviet state. That
is why Russia today is against
the Czarist policy Of abolition Of
Poland. We have completely
changed this inhuman policy and
started a policy of friendship and
independence for Poland. This
Is the basic Of our policy and we
favor Q strong independent Po-
land. I prefer that the war
continue a little longer and give
Poland compensation in the West
at the expense of Germany. F.
Now as a military man I must
say what demand of country
liberated by the Red Army. First
there should be peace and quiet
in the wake Of the army. The
men of the Red Army are indif-
ferent as to what kind of gov
ernment there is in Poland but
they do want one that will main
tain order behind the lines. The
Lublin Warsaw government full
fills this role not badly. There
are agents of the London gov-
ernment connected with the So
called underground. They are
called resistance forces. We have
had nothing good from them but
much evil. So far their agents
have killed 212 Russian military
men. When I compare the
agents Of both governments I
find that the Lublin ones are
useful and the others the con-
trary. ;.
Prime Minister: I must put
on record that both the British
and Soviet governments have
different sources Of information
in Poland and get different
facts. Perhaps we are mistaken
but I do not feel that the Lublin
government represents even one
third of the Polish people. :.
Evening star., 1955-03-17
but he is definitely worried about
his health. 80.
PRESIDENT TO HARTMAN

PRESIDENT TO HARTMAN
Top secret. 4 october 1914.
.. Will you please deliver the
following message to Marshal
Stain at once:
while I had hoped that the
next meeting could have been
between you, Churchill and my
self. I appreciate that the Prime
Minister wishes to have an early
conference with you. You. nat
urally, understand that in this
global war there is literally no
question. political or military, in
which the United States is not
interested. I am firmly con-
vinced that the three of us, and
only the three Of us, can find the
solution to the still unresolved
questions. In this sense, while
appreciating the Prime Minis
-ter's desire for the meeting. !
prefer to regard your forthcom-
ing talks with Churchill as pre-
li1ninary to a meeting Of the
three Of us which, SO far as I
am concerned, can take place any
time after the elections here.
In the circumstances, am
suggesting, II you and Mr.
Churchill approve. that our Am
bassador in Moscow be present
at your coming conference as an
observer for NE. Naturally, Mr.
Hartman would not be In d po-
sitioh 20 commit this Govern
ment relative to the important
matters which yoa and the
Prime Minister will, very nat
urally. discuss -"
The above message will indi-
cate to you that ! wish you to
participate as an Observer
I can tell you quite frankly,
but for YOU only and not to be
communicated under any CIR
eumstanees 10 the British or the
Russians, that ! would have very
much preferred to have the next
conference between the three of
us for the very reasons that I
have stated to the Marshal. I
should hope that this bilateral
conference be nothing more than
a preliminary exploration by the
British and the Russians leading
up to a full dress meeting be-
tween the three Of us. You,
therefore, should bear in mind
that there are no subjects of
discussion that I can anticipate
between the Prime Minister and
Stain in which I will not be
greatly interested"
ROOSEVELT
Evening star., 1955-03-17
STAIN TO ROOSEVELT

Apparently transmitted by the
Soviet Embassy. Washington.
Secret and personal from Pre-
mier J. v. Stain to President F.
D. Roosevelt.
I share your throught about
the desirabflity Of a meeting be-
tween you, MIR. Churchill and
myself.
However. I must say. that now,
when the Soviet armies are in
volved in battles on such a wide
front. it would be impossible for
me to leave the country and de-
part for a certain period of time
from the conducting of front
matters. All my colleagues con-
slider it absolutely impossible.
July %. 1914.
Evening star., 1955-03-17
Feb. 4 Dinner
Triportite -a5
Livadia Palace
PRESENT

AAeAdASGA4NA
United States: President
Roosevelt. Mr.. Byrnes, Mr.. Har-
riman and Mr.. Bohlen.
United Kingdom: Prime Min
lister Churchill, Foreign Secre-
tary Eden. Sir Archibald Clark
Kerr and Mai. Birse.
Soviet Union: Marshal Stain,
Foreign Commissar Molotov, Mr..
Vyshinski, Mr.. Gromyko and Mr..
Pavlov.
Bohlen minutes:
Top Secret
Subject: Voice of smaller powers
in postwar peace organization
:: Marshal Stain made it
quite plain on a number Of oc-
casions that he felt that the
great powers which had borne
the brunt of the war and had
liberated from German domina-
ton the small powers should
have the unanimous right to
preserve the peace of the world
He said that he could serve nc
other interest than that of the
Soviet state and people but that
in the international arena the
Soviet Union was prepared to
pay its share in the preservation
of peace. He said that it was
ridiculous to believe that Albania
would have an equal voice with
the three great powers VINO had
won the war and were present
at this dinner.
Marshal Stain said that he
was prepared In concert with
the United States and Great
Britain to protect the rights of
the small powers but that he
would never agree to having any
action Of any Of the great powers
submitted to the Judgment Of the
small powers.
The President said he agreed
that the great powers bore the
greater responsibility and that
the peace should be written by
the three powers represented at
this table.
The Prime Minister said that
there was no question of the
small powers debating to the
big powers but that the great ma
tions Of the world should dis
charge their moral responsibility
and leadership and should exer-
else their power with moderation
and great respect for the rights
of the smaller nations. CMr.
Vyshinski said to Mr.. Bohlen that
they would never agree to the
right of the small powers to
judge the acts Of the great
powers, and in reply to an OBJ
servation by Mr.. Bohlen con-
corning the opinion of American
people he replied that the Ameri-
can people should learn to obey
their leaders. Mr.. Bohlen said
that if Mr.. vyshinski would visit
the United States he would like
to see him undertake TO tell that
to the American people. Mr..
Vyshinski replied that he would
be glad to do SOL
The Prime Minister. referring
to the rights Of the small ma
tions. gave q quotation which
said: "The eagle should permit
the small birds to sing and care
not wherefor they sang :. :"
Evening star., 1955-03-17
ROOSEVELT TO STAIN

1OP SECRET.
(Washington) 81 July 1914.
Number 80. Top secret and
personal. For Marshal Stain
from the President.
I can fully understand the diff
ficulty of your coming to a con-
ference with the Prime Minister
and me In view of the rapid
military progress now being
made but I hope you can keep
such a conference very much in
mind and that we can meet as
early as possible. Such a meet
ing would help me domestically
and we are approaching the time
for further stratetical decisions.
ROOSEVELT
Evening star., 1955-03-17
Introduction

In February, 1945. President
Franklin D. Roosevelt conferred
with Prime Minister Churchill at
Malta in the Mediterranean,
with Churchill and Stain at
Yalta in the Crimea, and again
with Churchill at Alexandria in
Egypt :. No unpublished docu-
mentation could be found
for the Alexandria conference,
which consisted merely Of a pri-
vate conversation on February
Is between Roosevelt and
Churchill -.
Evening star., 1955-03-17
ROOSEVELT TO CHURCHILL
Top Secret. ID November 1914.
sTETTINIUS TO HARTMAN

-. In addition to myself and
Bohlen. whom you know about, |
shall bring with me to Argonaut
H. Freeman Matthews: Alger
Hiss, for Dumbarton Oaks mat
ters, and four men who will act
as secretaries.
Evening star., 1955-03-17
CHURCHILL TO ROOSEVELT
Top Secret

CHUHCH1LL III hOOSEEELI
Top Secret
London, %. October. 1914.
Give paragraphs deleted by
State DEPARTMENT.
Para. 6. We Churchill and
Stalin) also discussed informally
the future partition Of Germany.
U. J. wants Poland, Czecho and
Hungary to form a realm of in
dependent anti-Nazi pro-Russian
states. the first two Of which
might join together. Contrary
to his previously expressed view,
he would be glad to see Vienna,
the capital of a federation of
South German states. including
Austria, Bavaria, Wurttemberg.
and Baden. AS you know, the
idea of Vienna becoming the cap
ital of a large Danubian fedora
ton has always been attractive
to me. though I should prefer to
add Hungary. to which U. J. is
strongly opposed.
Para. Z. AS to Prussia, U. j.
wished the Ruhr and the Saar
detached Iand put out Of action
and probably under international
control and a separate state
formed in the Rhineland. He
would also like the International
ization Of the Kiel Canal. I am
not opposed to this line Of
thought.
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
FILES
The commanding general,
Manhattan, District project
(Groves), to the Chief of Staff,
United States Army (Marshalll !:
Top Secret War Department,
Washington.
December 80, 1914.
Subject: Atomic Fission Bombs
To: The Chief Of Staff
It is now reasonably. certain
that our operation plans should
be based on the gun type bomb.
which. 1t is estimated, will pro-
duce the equivalent Of a ten
thousand ton INT explosion.
The first bomb, without previous
full scale test which we Vdo not
believe will be necessary. should
be ready about I August 1945.
The second one should be ready
by the end Of the year and sue
ceeding ones at Estate De-
partment deletion) intervals
thereafter.
Our previous hopes that an
implosion tcompression) type of
bomb might be developed in the
late spring have now been dis
sipated by scientific difficulties
which we have not as yet been
able to solve. The present effects
Of these difficulties are that more
material win be required and
that the material will be less
Evening star., 1955-03-17
CHURCHILL TO ROOSEVELT
Feb. a YoIto Meeting
RooseveIt-StuIin
LIVADIA PALACE

LIVADIA PALACE
Present q.
United States Soviet Union
President Marshal Stain
Roosevelt Foreign
Mr.. Bohlen Commissar
Molotov
Mr.. Pavlov
Bohlen Minutes
Top Secret
Subject: General discussion.
The President said that he
had been very much struck by
the extent of German destruc-
ton of the Crimea and there
fore he was more bloodthirsty
In regard to the Germans than
he had been a year ago, and
he hoped Marshal Stain would
again propose q toast to the
execution of $4,000 officers OF
the German army.
Marshal Stain said the
Germans were savages and
seemed to hate with a sadistic
hatred the creative work of
human beings.
The President agreed with this.
Marshal Stain then inquired
about the military situation on
the Western front.
The President said he felt that
the armies were getting close
enough to have contact between
and he hoped Gen. Eisenhower
could communicate directly with
the Soviet staff.
Marshal Stain agreed and
thought it was very important
and promised that the STATS
while here would work out the
details Of this suggestion.
The President then inquired
how Marshal Stain had gotten
along with Gen. De Gaulle.
Marshal Stain replied that he
had not found De Gaulle- a very
complicated person, but he felt
he was unrealistic in the sense
that France had not done very
much fighting in this war and
De Gaulle demanded full rights
with the Americans, British and
Russians who had done the
burden of the fighting.
The President then described
his conversation with De Gaulle
in Casablanca two years ago
when De Gaulle compared him
self with Joan Of Arc as the
spiritual leader Of France and
with Clemenceau as the political
leader.
Marshal Stain replied that De
Gaulle does not seem to under
stand the situation in France. !.
The President said he had re-
Gently heard that the French
government did not plan to annex
outright any German territory
but they are willing to have it
placed under international con-
troll.
Marshal Stain replied that was
not the story De Gaulle had told
in Moscow--there he said the
Rhine was the natural boundary
of France and he wished to have
French troops placed there in
permanency.
The President said he would
now tell the Marshal something
indiscreet. since he would not
wish to say it in front Of Prime
Minister Churchill, namely that
the British for two years have
had the idea of artificially
building UP France into a strong
power which would have 200. 900
troops on the Eastern border of
France to hold the line for the
period required to assemble a
strong British Army. He said the
Evening star., 1955-03-17
ROOSEVELT TO CHURCHILL

ROOSEVELT TO CHURCHILL
Sent to the Unitaed Statese
Naval Attache. London, via Navy
channels.
Top Secret
Priority
Washington. 4, Otober. 1914.
Number 626, 4 October 1914.
top secret and personal from
the President for the Prime Nip
lister.
I can well understand the rea-
sons why you feel that an i'm
mediate meeting between your
self and Uncle Joe is necessary
before the three Of us can get
together. The questions which
you. will discuss there are ones
which are, of course. Of real in
terest to the United States. as !
know you will agree. I have
therefore instructed Hartman
to stand by and to participate as
my observer, If agreeable to you
and Uncle Joe, and have SO
informed Stain. While natural
ly Averell will not be in a posi-
ton to commit the United States
Il could not permit anyone to
commit me in advance-he will
be able to keep me fully in
formed and I have told him to
return and report to me as soon
as the conference Is over.
am only sorry that I cannot
be with you myself. but I am pre-
pared for a meeting Of the three
of US any time after the elec-
tions here. for which your meet
ing with Uncle Joe should be
a useful prelude, and I have so
informed Uncle Joe.
Like you, I attach the great
Importance to the continued
unity of our three countries. I
am sorry that cannot agree
with you. however, that the
voting question should be raised
at this time. That is q matter
which the three Of us can, I am
sure. work out together and I
hope you will postpone discussion
Of it until our meeting. There is,
after all. no immediate urgency
about this question which is SO
directly related to public opinion
in the United States and Great
Britain and in all the United
Nations. -.
| pOnCC,xyrrr N
Evening star., 1955-03-17

Following are tertuai er-
cerpts from the State De-
pdrtment's compilation of
documents bearing on the
Yalt1 Big Three conference:
Evening star., 1955-03-17
Feb. 5 Meeting
PIenory

Livadia Palace
Bohlen Minutes
Top Secret
Subject: Treatment Of Ger
many.
-. Marshal Stain stated that
he thought Ii would bring up
many complications II we should
have four nations instead Of
Evening star., 1955-03-17
Feb. 8 Meeting
Roosevelt-StuIin

Present
United States: President
Roosevelt. Mr.. Hartman and Mr..
Bohien.
Soviet Union: Marshal Stain,
Foreign Commissar Molotov and
Mr.. Pavlov.
Bohlen Minutes
Top Secret
Air Bases in the Far East
The President said that with
Evening star., 1955-03-17
STAIN TO ROOSEVELT

Secret and personal from Pre-
mier j. v. Stain to President
Franklin Roosevelt.
During the stay of Mr.. Church.
i'll and Mr.. Eden in Moscow. we
have exchanged views on o num-
Evening star., 1955-03-17

efficiently used. We should have
sufficient material for the first
implosion type bomb sometime
in the latter part of July.
The plan of operations while
based on the more certain, more
powerful gun-type bomb also
provides for the use of the i'm
plosion-type bombs when they
become available. -. Estate De-
partment deletion) the time
schedule must not be adversely
affected by anything other than
the difficulties of solving our
scientific problems. The 509th
Composite Group, Goth Air
Force, has been organized and
it is now undergoing training as
well as assisting in essential
L. R. GROVES.
Major General, U. S. A.
Endorsements:
To S/W think the fore
going proposal should be ap-
proved with your concurrence
q. c. M(arshalD.
The Sec. of War and the
President both read this paper
and approved it. l2/30/44 L. r.
G (roves).
CHURCHILL TO ROOSEVELT
Estate Department deleted
four paragraphs.) .s..
Para. S. Major war criminals,
U. j. took an Unexpectedly ul-
tra-respectable line. There must
be no executions without trial,
otherwise the world would say
we were afraid to try them.