davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-09-23
Safety Consciousness
Spreads In Montana
Following New Codes

KALISPELL, Mont.-Flathead Val
ley LSW local unions are displaying
an upsurge of safety consciousness
in line with recent enactment of COM
pulsory safety codes by the State of
Montana for the Logging and Lum-
bering industry.
Local 2797, Columbia Falls, has
appointed two members to serve on
a joint labor-management safety com
mittee in the operations of the Stoltze
Land & Lumber company. Members
appointed are Bill Smith and Victor
Darling.
Local 1865, Somers, has appointed
a five-man safety committee to make
recommendations to management of
Glacier Park company, Somers Lum-
Der Division. This committee is COM
posed of Clay Lauman, chairman; Dan
Bangeman, Dean Lauman, Charles
Redfield and Claud Korb.
Meanwhile, members of Local 2405
employed by the Kalispell Lumber
company have accomplished a mass
of hard hats throughout all
and regardless of type of
work being done. - L&SW REGIS
TER.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-09-23
Attorney General To
Speak at Roosevelt
F. u. Convention

Attorney General Arnold H. Olsen
will be the speaker of the day at the
fall quarterly convention of Roosevelt
County Farmers Union, Saturday, Oc-
tober Is, in Wolf Point, Elizabeth
Lauridson, county Flu official, has an
nounced.
The convention will be held in the
Wolf Point Elementary School gym
nasium.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-09-23
SUMMONS
No. 2525R


IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE.
STATE OF MONTANA, IN AND FOR
THE COUNTY OF LEWIS AND
CLARK.
BILLY J. WHITE, Plaintiff, VS.. LU-
CILLE A. WHITE, Defendant.
THE STATE OF MONTANA Sends
.reetings to the Above Named Defend
ants, and to Each of Them:
You are hereby summoned to answer
the complaint in this action which is
filed in the office of the Clerk of this
Court a copy of which is herewith
served upon one of you in each County
wherein any of you reside, and to file
your answer and serve a copy thereof
upon the plaintiffs attorney within
twenty days after the service of this
Summons, exclusive of the day of serv-
ice, and in case of your failure to APP
pear or answer Judgment will be taken
against you, by default, for the relief
demanded in the complaint This is an
action for an absolute divorce on the
grounds of desertion. For more particu-
lars, please refer to the complaint on
file herein, which by this reference, is
made a part of this summons.
Witness my hand and the Seal of said
Court this 9th day of September, 1855.
lSEAL) DAVID r.. KEMP,
Clerk.
BY DORIS ENGER, |
Deputy Clerk.
JERRR j. O'CONNELL
Attorney for Plaintiff
305 Barber Lydiard Bldg.
Great Falls, Montana.
Sept. 16, %, 30, Oct. z.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-09-23

HAND TOOLS MOST FREQUENT
ACCIDENT CAUSE
| Accidents in using hand tools was
the most common cause of all report
able injuries with total of 2,679, or
1873 per cent, of the 1882 accidents
reported. This 2,679 was an increase
of 1,076 over the previous year.
Unsafe working surfaces ran a
close second to hand tools as COM
mon accident agency with 2,605 or
1876 per cent. This total was 621 more
than in the previous fiscal year. In
connection with this, the industrial
Accident Board stated that of acct
dents on which there was sufficient
data received, 1--WE know that 385
had snow or ice on the surface; 299
were wet (oil, water, etc.,; 208 had
structural fairule, broke, etc.; 159
were Uttered with objects; 1873 were
rough, broken or uneven :"
Machines of all kinds constituted
8.4 per cent of the total with 1886,
as compared with last years 1909.
Trees, logs and lumber were
charged with 1897 or TT per cent
of all accidents. This was an increase
of five over the previous year.
Vehicles showed a total of 1,400
as compared with 1,648 year earlier.
LOGGING-LUMBERING HAS
MOST ACCIDENTS
Although the logging and sawmill
industry ran second to mining on
of fatalities and permanent
it led all industries in the
of reportable accidents with
2,066 or LOG per cent of the total.
This was a gain of 511 over the pre-
vious year. Much of this accident gain
is charged to the considerable ex-
pansion" of the industry the past |
year.
The building trades ran second in |
,otal reportable accidents with 1918,
,r 7.84 per cent. This represented an /
Increase of Is per cent over the 1885
,otal of the previous year.
Third in total number of accidents
vas automobile garage and mechan-
200 accidents or 6.5 per cent.
This was drop of lit from the year
PREVIOUS.
Ranching and Farming had 1906
ccidents or 5.66 per cent, an increase
f 3.8 per cent over the 1,055 of the
953-54 fiscal year.
Fifth was metaliferous and other
mining with LOTS or 5.55
er cent-a decrease of 10 per cent |
S compared with the 1885 report $
Bile accidents in the earlier year.
OvERACE OF FIRMS ;
The number of firms covered by :
orkmen's compensation last year q
as an all-time high of 12,485 as :
to 1926 the previous year
or an increase of about 20 per cent ;,
the last five years. This June 80, I
355 total represents an increase of :
most 100 per cent in the last 20 y
ears. Approximately 100000 Mon h
ma workers were covered by work !,
ems compensation last year. h
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-09-23

1
|, ii, and III, shows:
Plan L: Major employers such as
Anaconda, who carry their own com
pensation insurance, totalled SO last
year as compared with 65 the year
previous.
Plan III: The private insurance plan
afforded coverage to 4,549 employing
firms, or a gain of 213 for the year.
Liberty National (old Idaho Compen-
sation Co.. had the lions share of
this business and, in total claims
filed, had 454 of the 1924 filed under
Plan III.
Plan III: Total enrolment of en-
ployers under Plan III reached new
record last year with 1868 firms COW
cred under the state plan. This figure
was almost three times as great as
the number under the plan 10 years
earlier. For last year over the pre-
vious year there was 10 per cent
increase of TAB.
In commenting on the increased
coverage under the plan the boards
report says that "the increase in COW
erage reflects to some extent the in
dustrial growth of the state and it
also indicates the attention which has
been focused on Workmen's Compen-
sation. Employers more and more
realize the necessity of this insurance,
not only as legal protection for them
selves, but they also recognize it as
a protective measure which assures
the employee of hospital and medical
care and, at the same time, insuring
him to some economic stability dur
ing his period of disability"
PAID AT ALL-TIME
HIGH
Benefits paid out under the three
plans reached an all-time high of $4,-
262, 349.71 last year. Plan III dis
bursed 2,247,196.97-an increase of
approximately one quarter million
dollars Plan II disbursements were
Up % per cent while Plan | payments
decreased by 35 per cent.
Total disbursements in benefit pay
nents under the three plans in the
asst fiscal year were:
Plan L: 1000, 4UZ.SZ
Plan III: $1,358,749.82
Plan Ill: $2,247,196.97.
Compensation claims filed were
own Is per cent under Plan /; vir-
ually unchanged under Plan III, and
p eight per cent under Plan III.
Effective July 1, 1866 weekly ben
fits and hospitalization-m medical be-
anne higher for workers injured after
nat date. This will undoubtedly re-
llt in still higher disbursements in
955-56. Under the new benefit
.hedule approved by the 1855 Legis-
lture, maximum weekly benefits
ere increased by $500 a week to
$3.50; minimum payments by $500
} $26.50.
Hospital and medical maximum
ayments to employees injured after
lily 1 are up $1,000 to $4,000. In
lses of total disability the board
ay allow still another $1,000 for
,spital-medical. Also, the time limit
which such benefits are to be used
is been increased from IL to Is
onths.
Members of the Industrial Acct
mt Board are: Robert Swanberg,
airman; Albert Kruse, Comm. of
and Oliver Sullivan,
'mm. of Labor and Industry.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-09-23
Fatalities Up, Permanent

Continued from Page One)
with 4,407-or Al per cent injured
in the 12-month period.
HAND TOOLS MOST FREQUENT
ACCIDENT CAUSE
Evening star., 1955-06-06
Mrs. D. E. Gorges,
.Lonq in District

Mrs. Daniel E. Garges, 81
widow of a secretary to the Board
of District Commissioners, died
early today at Garfield Hospital
She lived at 1924 Chevy Chase
parkway NV.
The former Daisy Cook, Mrs
Garges was born in Saginaw
Mich, July "a, 1873. Her father
James B. Cook, was with the
Weather Bureau in Washington
Mrs. Garges was active in Red
Cross and Christ Child, Society
work and attended Blessed Sac
rament Catholic Church. Hel
husband died in 1884.
Survivors are a daughter, Mrs
Patrick j. Fitzgibbons. of tht
home address; a son. Col. Philip
R. Garges, USA, retired. on thu
staff of The Citadel in Charles
ton, s. c.; seven gandchilder
and five great-grandchildren.
Requiem mass will be said a
no am. Wednesday at Blessed
Sacrament Catholic Church
Western avenue and Quesads
street NV. Burial will be II
Mount Olivet Cemetery.
Evening star., 1955-06-06
Mrs. W. Mower,
Church Worker

Mrs. William A. T. Mower, 6S,
of 1913 North Rhodes street. Ar
lington, died Friday at Washing
ton Sanitarium.
A member of Mount Vernon
Methodist Church, Mrs. Mower
was a member of Arlington Circle
No. 7 of the Church and was
active In the Swartzell Methodist
Home for Children in Washing
ton. She did volunteer REQ
Cross work during World War II
The former Ethel Brewer. Mrs
Mower was born in Prince
Edward Island, Canada, ano
grew up in Cambridge, Mass
She had lived in the Washington
area for IL years. Her husband
is a retired Government Printing
Of1ice employe.
Besides her husband, she is
survived by two daughters, Miss
Dorothy B. Mower of the home
Mrs. Myrtle Webb, Arlington
Mass; three sons, Robert K
Sultan, Wash: Herbert E., Wat.
sonville. Calf; William A.
Somerville. Mass; two sisters, q
brother and five grandchildren
Services were to be held al
$3.50 pm. today at Ives funeral
home, Arlington, with burial In
Cambridge, Mass.
Evening star., 1955-06-06
j. Crawford Shunks, 81,
Retired Congressional Aide

]. Crawford Shanks, 81, former
House of Representatives dis
bursting officer, died today while
eating breakfast at his home,
5000 Tenth street NE.
Mr.. Shanks retired December
I31. 1854 after 80 years on the
Hill. Recently he had been with
the House Administration Com-
Imittee as counsel.
Mr.. Shanks was born in Nor
iristown, Pa. and grew up in
Waterloo. N. Y. He came to
Washington in 1915 as secretary
to former New York Republican
Representative Norman j. Gould.
Four years later he became chief
clerk to the House Library Com
mittee. In 1926 he became clerk
to the old Senate Military Affairs
Committee.
Mr.. Shanks was appointed
house disbursing clerk in 1928.
His Office handled payrolls for
employees and funds appropriated
for the operation of House, ex-
cept halaries and mileage of
House members. Mr.. Shanks
held the chief clerkship@ until
1949 when he became assistant
disbursing clerk. but he was re-
named house disbursing clerk in
1853,
He was a member of the
Knights Templer.
Survivors are his widow, the
Evening star., 1955-06-06
IIsouc Edwards, 73,
Held Record for
Long u. S. Service

Isaac Edwards. 70, who had
the longest service record in the
Federal Government when hi
retired last year from the State
Department. died Friday at Dis.
trict General Hospital.
MIR. Edwards. a colored mes.
senger, began his Government
career in 1899 with the War De.
partment. Two-and-a-half year!
later he transferred to the State
Department, remaining there
until he retired in May. 1854
When he reached the mandatory
retirement age of 10 in 1852. HI
insisted on special appoint.
ment to allow him to stay on tn,
job.
Mr.. Edwards career involved
service under every President
since Theodore Roosevelt ane
every Secretary of State since
John Hay. Mr.. Edwards was 9
native of Washington.
He lived at 609 Forty-nintt
street NE. with his two sisters
the Misses Elizabeth and Ross
Edwards. who survive him.
Services will be held at 2 pm
tomorrow at the Nineteenth
Street Baptist Church of which
he was a member. Burial will
be in Lincoln Memorial Gene
tery.
Evening star., 1955-06-06
Charles Reinhurdt;
Was Navy EmpIoye

Charles w. Reinhardt, 81, ar
employe of the Naval Gun Fac
tory for 81 years until he, re-
tired last year and went to Or
lando, Fla, died yesterday of a
heart attack while visiting his
daughter, Mrs. Marian r. Pr
quado, 1909 Foster street, Dis
trict Heights, Md. .....
Mr.. Reinhardt was born in
Washington and was a graduate
of Eastern High School. He was
a Navy veteran of World War I
Until he went to Florida after
retiring as chief quarterman at
the Naval Gun Factory, he lived
for II years at 1915 Thirtieth
street Sc.
He was a member of the In
ternational Association of Ma
chinists (AFL): the Leading
man and Quarterman's Associa-
tion and the American Legion.
Besides his daughter, he Is
survived by his widow Margaret,
two other daughters, Mrs. Alice
C. Piquado, 1856 Texas avenue
Sc; Mrs. Laura Jeanne Will
liams, Orlando; brother. De-
tective Frank L. Reinhardt OF
the Metropolitan Police Depart
ment, and Is grandchildren.
Funeral services will be held
at 10 am. Wednesday at Cham
bers southeast funeral home
Burial will be in Arlington
Cemetery.
Evening star., 1955-06-06
West Point Rites Scheduled
Wednesday for Gen. Roberts

earlier tour of duty here from
1912 to 1945. He was en- route
to his new assignment in Omaha,
Nebr., when he died.
Born in Eastman, Ga, he was
graduated from West Point in
1895. He finished his pilot train
ing at San Antonio in 1886.
During World War II he COM
manded the 480th Anti-Subma-
rine Group which operated of
the coast of North Africa
against German subs in the At
lantic.
Survivors are his widow, Mrs.
Cornelia Henning Roberts. Mem
phis. Tenn; two children, Eliza
beth and John; his mother. Mrs.
Annie A. Roberts, 442l Green
wich parkway NV: a sister, Mrs.
James Britton, White Plains.
N. Y, and three brothers. David
NJ, Fullerton, Calf; Col. Little
ton A. Roberts, USA, of the
Greenwich parkway address. and
j. Henry Roberts. Atlanta, Ga.
Evening star., 1955-06-06
Oswald S. LowsIey,
.UroIoqicuI Surgeon

NEW YORK, June 6 (P).-Dr
Oswald S. Lowsley, sr., 10, noted
THEOLOGICAL surgeon, died at his
home Saturday.
A native of Santa Barbara
Calf, DR.. LowSley was the first
director of the James Buchanan
Brady Foundation at the New
York Hospital. The foundation,
under his tutelage, became re-
moved for its work in the train
ing of THEOLOGICAL surgeons.
DR.. Lowsley was the author of
many papers and books, includ-
ing a textbook on urology.
Among survivors are his widow
Winifred; two daughters, Mrs.
John Ellis Of New York and Mrs.
Martha Jay of Washington,
D. c., and two sons, David Will
liam Lowsley of Honduras and
Oswald s. Lowsley, jr., New York.
Evening star., 1955-06-06

Funeral services for Air Force
Brig. Gen. Jack Roberts, 43.
recently appointed chief of staff,
Strategic Air Command. who
died of a heart attack Thursday
in Grand Lake. Colo. will be
held Wednesday at West Point,
N. Y. Burial will be in West
Point Cemetery.
Since September. 1853, he had
been chief of staff. 9Th Air Force.
stationed at Carswell Air Force
Base, Tex.
Gen. Roberts was at Air Force
headquarters in Washington
from 1948 to 1850 as executive
officer to the late Gen. Hoyt S.
Vandenberg, who was then Air
Force Chief of Staff. After
wards Gen. Roberts was gradu-
ated from the National War
College in 1851 and spent several
months in Spain serving in the
group which negotiated for air
bases in that country.
Gen. Roberts had served an
Evening star., 1955-06-06
Miss Elizabeth Dawes,
fought Here AZ Years

Miss Elizabeth M. Dawes, 78
who taught in District public
schools for A years, died yester-
day at her home, 4427 @ street
NV.
Miss Dawes was born in Wash
ington and began her teaching
career in 1896. She taught in
elementary schools until 1922
when she transferred to the old
Columbia Junior High School at
Seventh and o streets NV. the
Districts first junior high school.
She was a teacher at Gordon
Junior High School from 1929
until she retired in 1910, except
for one semester at Hine Junior
High.
Miss Dawes had no known
survivors.
Services will be held at 4 pm.
Wednesday at the Hines funeral
home, 290l Fourteenth street
NV. Burial will be private.
Evening star., 1955-06-06

Der of the Congressional Club.
the League of Republican
Women of the District and the
Women's Board Of George Wash
Iington University Hospital.
Survivors include a son, Col
Harris Hull. UsAF. of Alexan-
Idria; three sisters, Mrs. Gertrude
Albert of 2800 Woodley road
NV, Mrs. Ray Evans of Min
IneapoliS and Mrs. Clara Jones OF
Williamsburg, Iowa; two broth
Iers, DR.. T. r. Gittins Of Sioux
City and Edward Gittins of Will
Iliamsburg; also two grand
children.
Funeral services will be held
Thursday in Williamsburg.
The family has asked that any
tokens of sympathy be made to
the American Cancer Society.
Evening star., 1955-06-06
1n Mrntnriattt
ELLIOTT, WILLIAM j. In loyin

ELLIOTT, WILLIAM J. In loving mem.
ory of my dear father, WILLIAM J. Ell
LOTT. who departed this life eighl
years ago today, June 8, 1947.
He had smile for every one,
heart as good as gold.
To those who knew and loved him,
His memory will never grow old.
LOVING DAUGHTER, LENoRA L
HEMsLEY, LUCY CLARK. In sad bu
loving memory Of our dear mothel
HEMSLEY. who departed this life eighi
years ago today. June 8, 1941.
How sweet to sleep where all is peace,
Where sorrow cannot reach thu
Where ali nfe's idle throbbinr cease,
Where pain is lulled to rest.
DAUGHTER, ELSIE HENDERSON,
dGysS b ts FsRensftfa \ ssaiS n,
YOUNG.
JEFFERSON. LUCY M. AND ROSWELL
mother. M en- LUCY IucY GEf X. JGEEfFFSRseoaNs. on Usns Whs
passed. away seven years ago January
y: 1913. and brother, ROSWELL 8
JEFFERSON, six years ago today, Junt
s. 1949.
FLORA Z. Robinson, THOMAS JET.
FERSON, LILLIAN W. CHRISTIAN
AND BESSIE j. FLOYD.
JEFFERSON, ROSWELL =. In menc-y
Of my husband, ROSWELL 8. JEFFER.
SON, who departed this life six years
ago, June 6. 1919.
Six, years to me seem such long tias
And yet. 1t should not seem so,
For the memory of you Is as fresh In
my mind
As it was even six years ago.
These memories will always remain
No matter how he w long the years seem
face l see,
Then the years will be only dream
DEVOTED WIFE.
PATTERSON, MATTE. In memory OF
my beloved mother. Mrs. MATTE PAT
TERSON. who departed this life June
LOVINGLY, DAUGHTER. =
PIPKIN. BESSIE v. In loving memory
Of our dear mother, BESSIE V. PIPKIN.
who passed away one year ago today,
June D. 1854.
A wonderful mother, woman and aid
One who was better. God never made:
A wonderful mother, so loyal ana true,
Just in your judgment, always right.
Honest and liberal, ever upright:
Loved by. your friends and all whom
you knew.
Our wonderful mother that mother
SONS JAMES AND WILLIAM.
RATCLIFFE, RICHARD II. In memory
OF my husband, RICHARD H. RAT.
CL1FFE, who died one year ago today
June q, 1854.
A precious one from us has gone,
voice we love Is stilled;
A place is vacant in my home
Which never can be fiiled. o.
A year has passed since that sad day
When the one love was called away,
God took you home, 1t was His will.
But In my heart you liveth still.
HIS WIFE, CLARA J. RATCLIFFE.
ROBINSON, VIRGINIA o. In gratefu
appreciation for the memory OF ou
niece and cousin. VIRGINIA o. ROBIN
SON, who left us June 9, 1852.
Beyond the sunset she has gone
To rest q little while,
Leaving memories Of loving deeds
And the sweetness Of her smile.
BL.ANCH . BROOKS AND BEATRICE
SMITH.
TERRY, EDNA A. In memory Of EDNl
A. TERRY, who died June 8. 1854
HUSBAND AND THREE sIsTERs.
Evening star., 1955-06-06
Mrs. Harry {. Hull, II,
Widow of House Member

Mrs. Harry Edward HILL, 70,
widow of former Representative
Harry. E. Hull of Iowa and active
| In local civic club work, died
yesterday at Walter Reed Army
Medical Center after an illness
of several years. She was a resi-
dent of 5000 Connecticut avenue
NV.
Mrs. Hull, a native Of Will
liamsburg, Iowa, taught for
many years and also served as
a missionary in Korea in the
early 1900s.
After her marriage to Mr.
Hull, she lived in Washington
during his service in Congress
and also during his term as
commissioner general of the
United States immigration Serv-
lice under the Hoover admins
ltration. MFR. Hull died In 1888
Mrs. Hull was an active men,
Evening star., 1955-06-06
PottiIIo Higgins, %,
.SpindIetop Pioneer

SAN ANTONIO, Tex, June 6
.P.-Pattillo Higgins, 90, who
discovered and promoted the
famed Spindietop oil field near
Beaumont, died yesterday of a
heart attack.
Virtually penniless during the
Spindletop exploration from 1892
to 1901. Mr.. Higgins later sold
his holdings in it for more than
So million dollars. He used the
money to promote highly pro-
ductive fields elsewhere in Texas.
Many oilmen said he had an
uncanny ability to spot poten-
tial oil fields.
Mr.. Higgins was one-armed
as a result of an accidental
shooting during his youth. He
quit school in the fourth grade,
but studied geology and related
subjects throughout his life.
Evening star., 1955-06-06
--Harris-Ewi Photo

American Newspaper Women's
Club.
Besides her husband, she Is
survived by two sons, Norton
Goodwin. of the home address
a Washington lawyer: Macdonald
Goodwin. Kensington. Md; two
brothers, Stewart Macdonald
New York and Palm Beach; Johr
Macdonald, Manhattan Beach
Calf, and two sisters. Mrs. j. v
Richards and Mrs. Charles A
Wright, both of Nashville, Tenn
Services will be private. Tht
family requests that any tokens
of sympathy be contributed Il
the Cancer Fund.
Evening star., 1955-06-06
Harold /. Hughes,
Retired SteeImun

NEW YORK. June s (P.-Har-
old Lincoln Hughes, IS, former
vice president Of the United
States Steel Corp. died Satur-
day at Doctors Hospital.
A native Of Saugus, Mass,
Mr.. Hughes was graduated from
Harvard University and hegan
his career as a craftsman at
the Carnegie Steel Co. in Pitts
burgh.
He Joined United States Steel
in 1904, becoming vice presi-
dent in 1886. He retired five
years ago. Mr.. Hughes also
served as director and treasurer
of the American Iron and Steel
Institute.
Evening star., 1955-06-06
Robert Elliott Burns Dead,
Author of Chain Gang Book

+ EAST ORANGE. N. j.. June 6
IR.-Robert Elliott Burns. au-
thor of the book Il Was a Fugi-
tive From a Georgia Chain
Gang" died last night at the
Veterans Hospital after a long
illness. He was IS.
Burns, Of Union, N. j., was
sentenced to prison for a $5
|holdup in Atlanta. Ca, in 1922
and put on a chain gang. He
said he was a hungry and job
less veteran of World War I when
Ihe accompanied a fiophouse ac-
Iquaintance to the grocery store
robbery.
He served only a fraction of
his 6-to-10 year sentence. After
1.-TWO months on the chain gang.
he escaped. He went North and
seven years later was q $4,000
Ia-year magazine editor in Chi
Icago.
Pardon Plea Rejected
In 1929 he was returned to
Georgia after his first wife in
formed authorities.
Many prominent persons and
organizations backed his plea for
Ia pardon, but the Georgia Prison
Commission turned him down
and he was returned to prison.
The following year he walked
off from a chain gang and went
Ito New York, where he wrote his
famous book. It later was made
Into a motion picture.
Burns later found refuge in
New Jersey, where three sue
cessive Governors refused to
grant extradition. He became
prominent in union civic affairs
and head of a tax investigating
agency.
Gov. Ellis Arnall Of Georgia,