davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-07-08
DORIS FLEEsON
Negro Spokesman Insist on Integrotion
Amendment to Bill as Sine Qua Non

A school construction bill at
this session is still a possi-
bility If the principal Negro
spokesmen here do not insist
upon putting an antisegrega-
ton amendment into it.
Senate leaders assert that
the Senate would pass a 'pret-
ty good" bill If the House will
give them a framework to
build on. Influential members
of the House who deeply want
such a measure believe that If
the threat of a segregation
fight on it were lifted they
could oblige.
A world of work has been
done on the issue of school
construction. Minus a segre-
CATION controversy, the votes
are there because an under
standing that the situation is
critical has been achieved. The
fact is that very many mem
bers Of Congress are ashamed
Of their long postwar inaction
and would welcome the chance
to improve their records on
the issue.
In their present efforts to
force segregation amendments
in school legislation, the Ne
gro leaders demanding it have
lost much of the sympathy
that was theirs before the Su-
preme Court spoke SO clearly
and emphatically. Critics Of
Evening star., 1955-07-08
DOROTHY THOMPSON
Geneva Outlook Is Hardly Briqht

ent level Of armaments. why
should we help the Commu-
nists through their present
jam?"
There I can say only that
politics is not entirely gov
erned by economics. World
opinion seeks relaxation of
tensions" and will turn
against any nation it believes
to be intent on continuing or
exacerbating them. All pos
lures and acts must be weighed
for their tangible and intan-
gible results. With more than
half the world, much of it OUT
side either bloc, living on the
edge of starvation. there is a
growing belief everywhere that
life is a little more important
than current ideologies and
that something better could be
done with wealth than to put
1t into an arms race.
Tact. sensibility to trends,
is indispensable to political
success. Successful statesmen,
one might say, are those with
the most sensitive radio re-
ceiving stations.
So each side, If it wants to
keep and enhance its prestige,
must make some concessions,
II not to each other, to this
trend Of world opinion.
Evening star., 1955-07-08
Race Issue Stalls School BuiIdinQ

do not want to spend their
campaigns explaining the sit
uation. especially as 1t would
involve criticism Of Negro
leaders.
These leaders should know
better, it is argued. So far.
despite much private effort to
get some of them to change
their minds. they have not
retreated.
President Eisenhower was
faced with a similar problem
in connection with his reserve
bill. He was outspoken in his
insistence that the segrega-
tion issue was extraneous and
should not be permitted to
hamper a program vital to the
national defense.
The Presidents record on
minority rights has been out
standing-so good, that Rep
resentative Adam Clayton
Powell, New York Negro Dem
ocrat, wrote an article in praise
Of it which is g. o. p. CAM
paign ammunition.
One thing is certain as the
90-degree days mount, the
local transit strike continues
and the adroit Senate majority
leader remains in the hospital.
Issues that involve controversy
are unlikely to be the subject
Of legislation any more this
session. Bills that pass from
now on in will be compromises
SO that the July 80 adjourn
ment date can If humanity pos
sible be met.
Evening star., 1955-07-08

their actions are not the South
erners now, but the liberals.
This group. which is the
moving force also behind the
sttempt to get more and bet
ter schools. charges privately
that the Negroes are now
copying the "rule or ruin"
policy by which reactionaries
so long impeded Negro prog
ress. They believe the Negro
leaders do not realize that
nothing now can stop the final
realization of minority rights
which the antisegregation de-
crees of the Supreme Court set
in motion.
The liberals label it sheer
waste to stop the advances
that can be made in other
fields right now in order to
carry on a fight that already
has been won.
These are private conversa-
tions. Members of the Senate
from the great industrial
States and members of the
House from industrial dis
tricts and cities are not going
to vote no when the roll is
called on a clear issue of
segregation. They may, feel
the issue ought not to be
drawn, as in the case Of
schools and the reserves. But
they can't take the heat. They
Evening star., 1955-07-08
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

The Commerce Department construction is booming
Republicans can't understand it. They laid their plans
fully then suddenly something went haywire-and got
prosperity.
may missed 1t, but Ike sneaked of to movie
the other afternoon They it of being fed
His caddy had overeaten
Democrats lambaste Attorney General Brownes of the
Democrats claim that Browne nothing but high
class politician they've quite understood that kind
of politician.
Yale professor claims that can't get intoxicated
beer. They don't get around much at Yale-or they'd
learn that Harvard man can do anything
-
United States accepts Russas offers to pay half the
damage for downed Navy plane Next thing we'll be putting
the Reds monthly budget plan. Fifty grand month
and they break up any furniture in the joint.
Labor Secretary Mitchell employment is setting
administration happier than folks
too busy working to complain about what's going in
Washington
State Department up control passports
the administration afraid anybody
abroad unless he promised to dislike everybody he met
Evening star., 1955-07-08
CONSTANTINE BROWN
U. S. to Resist Expected Attempt by Reds
To Bring Chou in on Toll End of PorIey

there is enough give and take
on matters such as the unity
of Germany. We even con-
ceiyed the possibility of a'slow
notion West German rear
mament.
The trump card which Prime
Minister Eden is now reported
to have up his sleeve for SUBJ
mission at Geneva is a nom
aggression pact between the
Eastern and Western blocs.
This would well camouflage
RuSsia's insistence that Ger
many should not provide the
pie g ed military force of
100000 men to NATO but
build up only an internal se-
curity force. In exchange for
such a camouflaged concession
to the Kremlin's policies. the
Red directorate" might agree
to free elections in East Ger
many leading to eventual
unity In the present divided
Reich.
Mr.. Eisenhower and Mr..
Dulles know that no matter
what our stand may be, the
will for peace at any price is
stronger than ever among the
European masses who have
convinced themselves that they
can coexist with the USSR.
We may raise the question of
the European satellite coun-
tries which have been deprived
OF their freedom in the last
10 years. But we do not ex-
pect even lip-service from our
Evening star., 1955-07-08
Democratic Criticism Attacked

Justice as may be directed BY
the Attorney General
Under these grants Of pow
er. the FBI for many years
has investigated all the facts
connected with cases that the
Department of Justice has 10
defend in the United States
Court of Claims. Likewise,
after the Texas City disaster.
the FBI made an extensive
fact finding inquiry so as to
advise the department on pos
sible claims that might arise!
TIL e Democrats certainly
went to town with their polit-
ical demagoguery. Senator
Sparkman Of Alabama said the
use of the FBI In the matter
is utterly ridiculous SEN
ator Gore of Tennessee called
1t an outrage" and said the
FBI was created to guard
the Nations security and ap-
prehend criminals" and not
to be used as a "Gestapo or po-
litical shock troops" Senator
Monroney Of Oklahoma called
it a violation Of intergovern-
mental relationships of the
worst sort" House Leader
Mccormack said it Is what
would be expected in a police
state" Senator Kefauver de-
nounced it as an unwarranted
use of the FBI by the Attor-
ney General.
But not one Of these mem
bers of Congress would be will
ing today to sponsor legisla-
ton to prohibit the FBI from
using its agents-as it is now
doing in consequence Of or
ders first issued by a Demo-
cratic Attorney General - to
investigate mergers, monopo-
lies and antitrust matters gen.
orally, which is all on the civil
side and usually has no rela-
tion whatsoever to national
security or the apprehension Of
criminals.
Mayor Tobey Of Memphis.
however, sees the point. He
has said publicly that he
doesn't object to the inquiries
by the FBI men. He has prom
ised them every cooperation
as they seek data on the legis-
lative and executive powers Of
the city of Memphis. 1t is, Of
course, essential to analyze all
of this before the Federal Gov
ernment starts cancelling a
contract that could involve
American taxpayers in the
loss Of many millions Of dol
lars through suits for damages.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1955-07-08
Each Side Must Make Concessions
If Not to Each Other, to World Opinion

slams to disintegrate the unity
of NATO and the West the
unity of the Eastern bloc. But
both sides are forewarned and
neither is likely to succeed.
AS for ornaments, each side,
Of course, will try for the re-
duction Of those weapons in
which it is least efficient, and
to retain those most fitted to
its geopolitical position. In
this, I also should think,
neither is going to give in.
But it is still possible to
make reductions in all cate
gories. without upsetting the
power balance, though, in the
negotiations, some will be
more eager than others.
: The present level of arma-
ments is heavy for Britain,
heavier for France. too heavy
for the Soviet Union, and
fairly easily borne by the
United States. It Is easiest for
countries whose problem is
surpluses, not shortages. The
United States is the only such
country among the negotia-
tors.
But we must take account
Of our allies. The problem Of
public relations with them is
involved.
The Soviets certainly want
alienation of the armaments
burden. The war booty that
they collected from the East
European states (friend and
enemy alike) has long since
been used UP, and they have
managed to half-kill the geese
that laid the golden eggs.
China, unified into highly
centralized state bent on rapid
industrialization, Is making
heavy demands on her Russian
ally. Bureaucratic socialism
simply does not produce ade-
quately. Communism Is an
eternally postponed messiah.
People say. well. II our
economy can endure the pres
Evening star., 1955-07-08
No Talk of Formoso at Geneva

French and British allies who
have become reconciled TO the
idea that these once free peo-
Piles must be abandoned to
their fate.
The lessons Of history teach
us that throughout the CEN
turies large and powerful
countries have taken up the
cudgels for the little fellows
only when it suited their own
selfish purposes of smacking
down another big fellow.
Otherwise it has been Gus
tomary that the little nations
were swallowed up or placed
under the influence of great
powers This was called power
politics when referred to in.
Europe and colonialism when
it extended to other conti-
nents Thus France and Brit
ain gladly sacrificed Czecho-
slovakia to Hitler's hunger for
power but went to war over
Poland when they thought the
Nazi dictator had become too
big for his breeches.
In keeping with their re-
peated pledges, Mr.. Eisen-
hover and Mr.. Dulles will un-
questionably raise the question
of the satellites. However.
theirs will be lonely voices
with no echo at the Geneva
parleys. But similarly the
Americans will resist strongly
the earnest attempts of the
other three to raise the ques-
ton of settling the China
question without the particle
patton of the Nationalist gov
ernment.
Evening star., 1955-07-08

West Germany and Austria; $40
million for the Intergovernmen-
tai Committee for European Mi
grafton; 81 million for the U. N.
refugee fund; Sc million for the
program of aid to escapees from
Iron Curtain areas; $145 million
for the U. N. children's fund; $50
million for the Palestine refugee
program; $11.5 million for ocean
freight charges on voluntary re-
lief shipments and surplus agri-
cultural commodities; $33.5 mil
lion for administrative expenses.
and 500 million for the Presi-
dents fund for Asian economic
development.
The latter allotment repre-
sented a so per cent cut, the
President having requested $500
million. The committee noted
that only 500 million OF the
amount requested would be used
during the new year.
Evening star., 1955-07-08
Turkey Holds Bulgaria
| Consul on Spy Charge

ANKARA. Turkey, July 8 (R
Foreign Once sources say
Turkey will reject Bulgaria's de-
mand for the release of Bulgarian
Vice Consul Georgi Barkanoil
Tcholakoff. arrested in IstanbuI
July 4 on spy charges.
The note from Sonia. delivered
yesterday termed the charges q
frameup. Announcing Mr.. Tcho-
lakoff's arrest. Istanbul Police
Chief Alaeddin Erish said he
was picked UP at a midnight
rendezvous as part of q con.
Itinuing roundup Of q Communis,
spy ying.
Evening star., 1955-07-08
Fire Levels 3 Barns
On Dewey Form

PAWLING, N. Y, July 8 (P.-
Three barns on former Gov.
Thomas E. Dewey's farm were
destroyed by fire early today,
along with one calf and possibly
as much as 20 tons of hay. The
loss was estimated at $4,000 to
$50, 900.
MIR. Dewey's large dairy herd
was in the pasture at the time
and thus escaped the flames. The
fire began around midnight and
six companies of firemen from
nearby communities were called
to the scene.
Evening star., 1955-07-08

the basis for dispute between
the Government and private
contractors.
But the main reason for the
FBI being called in to get the
facts now about the proposal
Of the city Of Memphis to build
a power plant is that, because
Of this action, the executive
branch of the Federal Govern
ment has under consideration
the possible cancellation of a
$106-million contract with the
Dixon-Yates organization. II
the contract is Cancelled. the
Government may be the de-
fendant In a civil suit for dam
ages. The Department of JUS
tice, which gives legal advice to
the President, Is obligated to
advise upon the liability of the
Government for any cancella-
ton that is made. Every state
ment on which any action is
predicated must be verified in
advance from a legal stand
point.
1t is not adequate, there
fore, to send a messenger boy
to Memphis to collect the
documents. The Government
must send its authorized in
vestigators. who must get cer-
titled copies of every piece of
evidence which could possi-
bly, become the basis for ligi-
cation later on. The Federal
Government must be prepared
to show 1t acted in good faith
and didn't play politics in
canceling the Dixon Yates
agreeme ent, If cancellation
should be decided upon as the
peSC course.
The law is clear. Section
299 of Title v Of the United
States Code says:
For Investigations regard
ing official matters under con-
troll of the Department of
Justice and the Department
of State. as may be directed
by the Attorney General, the
Attorney General is author
lied to appoint officials who
shall be vested with the au-
thority necessary for the ex-
ecution of such duties"
In the appropriation laws
governing FBI funds is to be
found 9 provision which says
the FBI is to handle such
other matters under the con-
troll Of the Department Of
Evening star., 1955-07-08
House Unit Urges Slash
In Foreign Aid Funds

Leased for reservation" by the
department.
The committee objected to the
practice of reserving, or obli-
eating, funds at the last minute
lin order to carry them forward
into the new year. It said these
|fnuds often are de-obligated in
the new year and then set aside
for another purpose. 1t called
for a reappraisal of all obliga-
tions to free large sums Of money
for future programs.
For direct forces support, the
committee recommended $305
million, a cut Of $12. ZOO. 900. This
program is designed to give
friendly nations military equip
ment other than tanks. guns and
planes.
For defense support--economic
aid to countries maintaining
military forces-the committee
allotted the full $40 million re-
|quested for Europe and the en-
tire $102.5 million asked sor the
Near East and Africa. 1t cut
$50. 100000 from the 1927, 300 .00O
requested for Asia, noting that
on April 30 this program had
81. .056. .800,000 in unexpended
balances.
For development assistance
economic aid for underdevelopec
|countries-the committee recon.
mended:
Near East and Africa, s7s mil
lion. as requested.
Asia. $61 million, a cut of SIC
million in funds requested for
India.
American Republics, the entire
$38 million requested.
Approves U. N. Funds
1t allotted $125 million of the
SASS million requested for tech
Inical cooperation of under
developed areas and approved the
entire $24 million asked fol-
United Nations technical pro-
grams.
For other programs it rec.
commended:
The full 800 million for q
special presidential fund to cover
Unforeseen contingencies; $21
million for special assistance ir
Evening star., 1955-07-08
DAVID LAWRENCE
FBI Check on Memphis Power Plans
Called Not Only Legal, but Proper

Attacks on the proper func-
tioning of the executive
branch Of the Government by
9 certain Senator from Wis
consin were widely condemned
by the Democrats. but now
they are doing the very things
, which they themselves criti-
cized.
For the attack by several
Democratic Senators on the
Attorney General as having
done something improper or
unusual when he ordered the
Federal Bureau of Investi-
cation to send its agents on q
fact-finding mission related to
a possible cancellation of a
Government contract is per-
haps the most conspicuous ex-
hibition Of interference with
executive functions by legis-
lators that has been recorded
In recent years.
The fact that the attacks
were obviously launched for
political purposes doesn't ex-
cuse them. What is regrettable
is that men elected to the high
Office Of Senator are revealed
as totally unfamiliar with
some of the laws they them
selves have passed, under
which the FBI for years has
carried on certain functions
OF fact-finding essential to the
CARRYING out of the legal OBJ
legations Of the executive
branch of the Government.
The : common impression
about the FBI is that it only
tracks down criminals or roots
out suspected violators of the
law on the criminal side. Ac-
tually, this is but one Of many
duties imposed by Congress on
the FBI. Businessmen, for ex-
ample. have long been accus-
toned to the daily visits of
FBI agents who seek informa-
tion needed by the Depart
ment Of Justice in the inquiries
prior to the filing of civil suits
under the antitrust laws.
1t was q Democratic admin
istration which delegated to
the FBI the task of getting
legal information with respect
to the existing contract-rene-
gotiation laws. This involves
a checkup Of the contents of
contracts and b verification of
q variety of items that can be
Evening star., 1955-07-08
py the Assoeiated Press

The House Appropriations
Committee today recommended o
20 per cent cut. amounting to
|$627 900. 900, in funds requested
|by President Eisenhower to
finance the foreign aid program
In sending to the House floor
flor debate next week q $685.
TAI. .750 money bill, the commit
|tee complained Of q chaotic
fiscal situation" in the. military
aid part Of the program. It voiced
concern over last-minute obliga-
ton of funds in what it said
was an obvious move to prevent
them from being rescinded.
Funds provided in the bill are
for use during the fiscal year
that started July /. They would
supplement an estimated $8,717,-
100000 in unexpended balances
from previous appropriations.
Adequate Amount
The biggest cash cut imposed
by the committee was $420 mil
lion chopped from the SLIPS. .o00
requested for military assistance.
The $705 million approved, the
committee said, should prove
adequate" for requirements OF
the program during the year.
The total in the money bill as
lit came from committee was
more than $647 million below
the amount allowed in a COM
promise authorization bill which
went through both Houses OF
Congress yesterday. The au-
thorization figure was $3,285,-
800, 900.
For military aid the authoriza-
ton would have permitted ST.
133, 100000.
The committee commented in
q report draft by Representative
Passman, Democrat. Of Alabama
that estimates Of unobligated
balances in the military part Of
the program on June 80 ranged
from 500 to $932 million. II
said the Defense Department
hastily obligated 1851 million
during June despite q written
understanding with the commit
tee that $420 million Of unobli-
gated balances should not be re-
Evening star., 1955-07-08

TOKYO, July 8 R.-viet
Mini President Ho Chi Mini
left Peiping for Moscow today
with a Red Chinese gift which
may keep him Peiping's satellite
instead Of the Kremlin's.
The Peiping radio broadcast q
communique announcing Red
China was giving Wet Mimi 800
million yuan without compen-
sation" to rebuild its economy.
It said the agreement was
based on ''long and traditional
lties'--ties which have included
several hundred years Of Chinese
lhegemony over Indo-C Chinese
kings.
Based on the prevailing rate
|of exchange in pounds sterling,
the grant would amount to about
|$328 million.
viii Rebuild Industry
In the joint communique Red
China said she will use the
above sum to help Wet Nam
(the Red name for the Commu-
|nist-led Wet Mimi state) rebuild
railways, river docks, highways
|and bridges" as well as restoring
and reconstructing textile and
paper mills, canneries and fac
tories to produce medical, elec-
trical and agricultural equip
lment.
The two countries, the COM
Imunique added, had also agreed
Ito cooperate fully with each
other on the technical side.
It called also for expansion
/ Of mutual trade and contacts in
cultural, education and health. !"
The grant was one OF the
Evening star., 1955-07-08

It is reported that TOO jour-
nalists, including a large con-
tingent of Americans. will be
attending the four-power con-
ference in Geneva. This col
umnist has considered going
but decided that little If any,
thing would be gained. The
last place to expect to have
quiet talks with anyone in au-
thority is at an international
conference. Whatever is re-
leased will be reported. along
with such comments and spec
ulations as can be elected from
the more loquacious members
of the more loquacious dele
cations. Something also is
gained from the "feel" OF
things--the general atmos-
phere. But this, also, will be
reported by able correspond
ents. The analysts job is diff
ferent and can often be better
accomplished from a distance.
with more opportunity for
quiet deliberation.
International conferences
rarely occur unless the parties
have common problems which
they think may be mitigated
by negotiations. II a problem
common to both parties is
more acute for one than for
another. the latter holds the
stronger cards. But agree
'ments are reached only on the
basis Of common interest.
All parties have q common
interest in reducing arma-
ments. Unless in anticipation
of an imminent world war,
most countries are overarmed
and for some the economic
burden Is crushing.
Neither the West nor the
Soviets have the slightest in
tention Of yielding anything
that would alter the present
balance Of power TO their det-
riment. Each side will try To
weaken the -other-the Rus
Evening star., 1955-07-08
Cemetery Bill Offered

Representative Hyde, Repub-
lican of Maryland, introduced a
Dill yesterday authorizing the
Secretary of the Army to ac-
quire land to enlarge Antietam
National Cemetery at Shapsburg,
Md.