davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-30
T TRANSIT
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
who "hopes to have something
next week to submit to the city
heads"
Mr.. Cleave's draft of bill set
ting up public transit author
ity, have announced they do not
expect to be able to present
Legislation to Congress when
the lawmakers reconvene next
Wednesday, but hope to do so
soon afterward.
The Tydings group. once re-
garded as the most likely of the
five applicants for permit and
the franchise, withdrew at a
public hearing recently. They
alleged they were unable to con-
tinue because they could not get
Ia signed commitment from the
union to extend the present
Capital Transit labor contract,
which expires when the COM
ipany dies by act Of Congress
next August IA.
The union has said it would
not make any agreement with
AN applicant who has not re-
ceived a permit from the util-
tiles commission.
Hearing Comes First
The utilities commission has
committed itself not to give a
permit to any applicant before
"a public hearing. Mr.. Tydings
said there was no point in un-
Idergoing a public hearing with
out having an agreement with
the union. His group. he said,
would be willing to undergo a
hearing after a permit had been
issued.
Mr.. Hayes declared the COM
mission found itself unable to
grant the permit under the con-
ditions." Later he said it would
be improper to grant the permit
without hearing and that the
agency could not involve itself
in labor relations between the
union and prospective en-
ployer.
Mr.. Tydings repeated an offer
his group made last week to the
labor union Of a 3-cent-an-hour
wage increase in exchange for
two-year contract extension. The
union turned il down then.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-30
Bio DOT Doses Fail
To Iniure Volunteers

Human volunteers have eaten
big doses of DOT every day for
a year to show that food from
insecticide-sprayed fields is safe,
a team of scientists says.
Some of the volunteers each
day ate 200 times more DOT
than the small traces that are
known to appear in almost
everyone's daily diet, the scien-
fists said. but they showed no
symptoms or ANY sign Of ILL
ness" related to the insecticide.
The study concluded. accord
ing to the Associated Press. that
there is a large safety factor
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-30
PENSION
Continued From First Page

SVAtlhuCu EEOm not csc
the error, the work force APP
peared to have a younger aver
age age than it actually did.
Thus the plan worked out at
that time was not a sound one,
according to the report by Mr..
Wolfman which was confirmed
by the company's actuarial firm
of Towers, Perrin, Forster &
Crosby, Inc.
The new plan which will be
effective retroactive to Septem-
Der /, 1855, increased the con-
tribution Of each employe from
$500 per month to $40 per
The company contribu-
ton jumps from $l1.20 per
month per man to $500 per
per man.
The new plan provides an OPP
ton under normal retirement
and adds a new section provid-
ing for early retirement.
May Retire at IS
Previously an employee who
reached 65 and did not have rs
years service was required to
work until he was 10 or until he
got his Is years. whichever came
earlier. The new plan enables an
employee to retire at IS If he de-
sires if he has at least Is years
service. He may continue at his
own option until 70, thus build
ing up his retirement allowance.
The early retirement change
permits 55-year-old employee with
Is years service to retire If he
wishes but provides for a reduce
ton in the SIS minimum PEN
sion.
The new plan will give a dis
ability allowance of SITS as COM
pared to the old plan which set
the pension at between $50 and
$40.
Present pensioners will bene-
fit with increases ranging from
SIS to $40 per month. depending
on the date of their retirement.
Mr.. Bierwagen said there are
385 persons now on pension rolls.
Present employment, he said. is
about 2.700 and those retiring
since the, effective date Of the
new plan will receive the higher
benefits.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-30
Continued From First Page


are rushing away from us at
incredible speeds, going faster
the farther away they are.
The Associated Press said their
work marks the first time the
red shift has been measured in
the radio waves coming to us
from space.
It raises the possibility that by
radio measurements astronomers
may be able to "see" farther into
space than with regular tele-
scopes. They might see things
farther out toward the edge Of
creation.
The important radio wave
measurements were described by
DR.. A. Edward Lilley and Ed
ward F. Mccain Of the Naval
Research Laboratory,
They tuned in with a radio
telescope on the radio noise COM
ing from the mammoth collision
far out In space of two great
galaxies or milky ways of stars.
The head-on collision involves
tremendous amounts of hydro
gen gas. AS the gas molecules
collide, their energy of motion is
turned into energy Of radiation,
both light waves and radio waves.
This colliding star system is
known as Cygnus A. and is 100
million light years away. It was
first detected and its position
fixed by British and Australian
radio astronomers. Knowing
where to look for it, Palomar
Observatory astronomers then
found it too with the 200-inch
light telescope. The light waves
from it were shifted so much to
the red wave lengths that the
Palomar astronomers estimated
Cygnus A Is speeding away from
US at 10000 miles per second.
The two investigators now
have shown that the radio wave
lengths show the same degree of
change toward longer wave
length and lower frequency.
Thus the red shift is demon
strated in radio signals. This
adds to the evidence that the
universe is expanding, with
great galaxies rushing away
from each other.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-30

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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-30
mems $500 wool
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Plus "t~o-trouser" advantages Of fewer
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-30

In every price category Of our regular stocks,
enjoy important outercoot sovines From our
regular stocks we have selected tweeds, eobor-
dimes, coverts, eheviots and comel's hair fob
RIGS. Set-n sleeve and raglan models Some
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Evening star., 1955-01-27

voted to ask 100000 for the
Banking committee headed by
Senator Fulbrisht. Democrat, Of
Arkansas, to investigate the
sharp increases In the stock mar
ket which have been going on
for more than q year.
It also recommended $200. 900
to the Commerce Committee
headed by Senator Magnuson.
Democrat, of Washington. to
probe maritime subsidies. COM
iaunications and transportation.
An objection by Senator Nc
Carthy. Republican. of Wiscon-
sin. temporarily blocked q move
by Senator Johnston. Democrat.
Of South Carolina, to get $125,-
900 for his Post once and Civil
Service Committee to investigate
the Government ernploye loyalty
program.
Senator Mccarthy said he had
asked that the funds be held up
auntil we can find out Just what
they want to investigate" I" CHAIR
man Green, Democrat. Of Rhode
Island, asked Senator Mccarthy
to fiie his questions In writing.
Evening star., 1955-01-27

considered inadvisable by the
U. N. diplomats to '.press" the
Peiping government on this
matter since its relations with
the United States have recently
taken 9 turn for the worse.
The watchword from New York
now is patience" and ''let ma
ture take its course" As soon
as the present friction In the
China Sea Is Aover, say these
u. N. diplomats. the time viii
be more propitious to approach
Premier Chou En-lai on the
prisoners matter.
Washington disagrees heart
lily with this point Of view.
It contends that there Is no
connection whatsoever between
the men held In defiance Of
all international regulations
and our commitments to de-
fend the Nationalist-held ter
ritories. On this issue there
is complete harmony between
our two political parties.
The advocates Of strong ac-
tion, such as q blockade Of the
China coasts to compel the
Communists to return our men.
agreed last November to hold
their IRE and let the q. N. do
the job by peaceful means.
Despite the ofiicial optimism
which followed the return Of
Mr.. EIafnmerskjold from Pei
ping that something viii
eventually happen" there is
not the slightest indication at
this time that the Reds in
tend to liherate our men.
The rurnors circulated last
week in New York that Mr..
Chou had decided to suspend
the mems sentences and expel
them from China to India. then
let Prime Minister Nehru de-
eide what to do with them.
have proved false. Mr.. Chou
may have given Mr.. Ham
nnarskjold such q hint, But
New Delhi does not seem to
know anything about II. Quite
Evening star., 1955-01-27
Dovld Lowrenee-

There isn't going to be any
big war In the Far East. The
Red Chinese don't want 1t.
The Soviets don't want it.
The United States doesn't
want 1t. And the Nationalist
government on Formosa viii
not be able to start an inva-
sion Of the mainland without
American aid.
Passage by Congress Of the
resolution which would au-
thorize the President to use
armed forces TO protect the
American defense line in and
around Formosa viii be ac-
cepted In Peiping as q firnn
policy which stops for the
time being an invasion Of the
mainland and also restricts
the possible area Of any mill
tary operations. Red China
has her eye on negotiation"
as q way out anyway. That's
been the game ever since the
II American prisoners-held
for more than q year--were
suddenly sentenced Is spies.
If the Senate waters down
the resolution. an impression
Of weakness in American poll
icy might be given to Red
China. Senator Knowland,
Republican leader, stands
squarely behind the President
and against any important de-
Walton in pfraseology. The
dissenting voices heard are
from Democratic Senator'S plus
Senator Flanders, Republican.
Of Vermont. and Senator
Morse Of Oregon, Independent.
It win be interesting to see
whether this group Is frowned
upon by those liberals who
only q few days ago started
the cry Of ''Knowlandism."
AS for those Senators who
now want to delimit the Presi-
dents authority or oppose 1t
altogether. as Senator Flanders
does. they are. Of course. well
within their rights. Freedom
Of expression should be en-
couraged. as there is only one
Evening star., 1955-01-27
Constantine Brown

The question OF the II
American prisoners Of war
sentenced to long jail terms
by the Chinese Communists Is
expected to become the order
Of business Of the Senate.
after the ratification Of the
mutual security pact with Ma
tionalist China.
It will be recalled that the
supporters Of strong measures
by the United States to liber-
ate these victims Of the COM
munists had agreed to bide
their time TO give the United
Nations q chance to do Its bit.
President Eisenhower and Sec
retary Dulles insisted particu-
larly that the Republican and
Democratic Senators who
wanted direct action. be
patient and give Dag Ham
marskjold, the top-ranking
ofiicial Of that organization, a
chance to settle the matter In
his own way. In the conyer-
sations with the President
and the Secretary Of State.
however, these Senator'S
pointed ont that while they
were willing to give the Sec
retary General of the q. N.
q reasonable time. they were
not willing to accept usual
Oriental procrastinations and
bargaining. This point Of view
is said to have been indorsed
by Mr.. Eisenhower and Mr.
Dulles.
With the new situation
which has developed in the
China Sea, due to the attack
Of the Chinese Communists on
one of the Tachen Islands and
the immediate threat to the
other Nationalist holdings. the
fate Of our men In Chinese
Communist jails seems to
have been shelved. at least as
far as the United Nations Is
concerned.
According to reports from
New York headquarters. 1t is
Evening star., 1955-01-27
Dodd Lowenee
No War Expected in Far East
Any Watering Down of Formoso Resolution by Senate
Viii Be Viewed by Red Chino os Sign Of Weakness

has the authority to do any
thing he wishes in using the
armed forces ii the Far East.
Senator Kefauver Of Tennes-
see says this. and he fayors .
resolution expressing the sense
Of the Congress In general ap-
proval Of the objective but with
no authorization. But he for
gets that, under the Constitu-
tuition, Congress alone can all-
thorize the use Of the armed
forces in any large military
operation especially at loca-
tions far distant from the
United States. As for Korea.
it was contended by the Tru-
man regime that America full
filled q United Nations obliga-
ton. but this is not the case
with respect to Fornosa.
All the arguments that the
passage Of the resolution CONF
mits America to war or that
1t establishes q bad precedent
fall by the wRyside when it is
considered that Senators for
many months have been In
sisting that the Congress must
participate in decisions on for
eign policy and especially on
military matters affecting the
raising Of armies.
The authority asked now is
so definitely one for Congress
to give, except when there
isn't time and an emergency
requires presidential initiative,
that both political parties
ought to be happy that at
last a President has decided
to ask for contingent authority
to be used only II and when
there is an outbreak. It should
be the very kind Of authority
granted in an atomic age. IN
stead Of arguing that the
President already has the
power to do anything he
pleases with the armed forces.
Mr.. Eisenhower is q cautious
man, but there is no assurance
that some day an impulsive
man might not be in the White
House.
tReproduction Rishts Reseryed)
Evening star., 1955-01-27
Thon1os {. Stokes

Senator Wayne Morse. Ore
eon independent. was thinking
out loud for a great many Of US
when he posed to the Senate. as
1t began debate on Forn1osa,
the dilemma Of widening the
defense Of that island to Que-
inoy and the Matsus along the
mainland.
He bespoke the worries that
plague many Of US when he
showed how we. ourselves.
might be hailed as aggressors,
contrary to International law.
should -FOUR military leaders In
terpret the vague language OF
the Eisenhower policy resolu-
tion us authority 10 strike at
the mainland. and thus in
volve us in an Asian conti-
mental war.
It may turn out to have been
d historic speech.
OF its courage there IS no
doubt. II you appreciate the
tension now in this city. The
Senator spoke up boldly where
SO many of us let our desire to
conform silence us. and that
last seems to be true. In fact.
Of many members Of the House,
who went along quietly 70 pass
the resolution. as well rs cf the
Senate.
It was quite an experiences to
sit III the Senate gallery and
listen TO the slender. earnest
oregon Senator. For he was
giving voice to the ailxieties In
your own mind. He was saying
what you had thought as you
looked at q map and saw how
close TO the great body Of China
cling the Islands which now are
in ali our headlines. You tried
to imagine yourself way over
there on that other side Of the
world, and wondered what you
would think II you had always
lived on that continent on the
other side of the Pacific Ocean.
about the intentions Of another
great nation far across that
ocean which nov had its wnr-
ships deployed along the coast.
Maybe this "a heresy in
Evening star., 1955-01-27
House Curbs Probes
But Senate Moves 10
Add Two New Ones
Rx iha As,orialed Press

The House has curbed its in
yestigations, but the Senate
Rules Committee has voted to
recommend money for two new
probes, one Of them into the
stock market.
Chairman Smith, Democrat. Of
Virginia of the House Rules
Committee said yesterday the
committee would approve no in
vestigation unless "a good case
is made for IT, and would cut
down on "tl1is matter Of investi-
cations all over creation"
Mr.. Smith told the House that
the policy had the backing Of
the Democratic and Republican
leadership. He said that more
than 80 investigations are now
on the list his COMMITTEES has
been asked to approve.
Many Of the pending requests
Hnvolve "duplications and uIl-
necessary excursions" he said,
and he intends to see ''there viii
be no fishing expeditions"
The Senate Rules Committee
Evening star., 1955-01-27
Ihon1os q: Stokes
Morse Spreads His Conscience
He May Have to Woit for History to Prove hot He Sees
AS the Folly Of Defending island Far From Fornosu

the end Of the last century.
Another look at the map
shows us that Formosa. lying
not far from the Philippines.
about the distance from here
to New York, would be dam
gerous In the hands OF .
potential aggressor. which Red
China has shown herself 70
be, and SO It must be main
tanned In the chain Of defense
including Japan and the Phil
ippines to stop an aggressor
and preserve the peace Of the
world. That Is sound logic,
and was the case Of SENATOR
Morse.
But, says he, there Is no
logic ana no support IN inter-
national law for Us to move
under any circumstances upon
Cuemoy, the island which IS
Just q short. three-inch gun
pitch from the mainland and
from the port Of Annoy, nor
upon the Matsu Islands. Those,
he said. are clearly China's.
AS such they are now in ccn-
troversy between the two war
ring parts Of China. Red China
and Nationalist China. We
would be invading China's SOW
ereienty II we moved into that
area Of conflict and also iri~
volving ourselves in q civil war
and running the danger Of
getting ourselves into q war
on the mainland which like
wise, Is the fear Of Gen. Mat
thew B. Ridgway, Army Chief
Of Stan. as he explained II to
the Senate Foreign Relations
and Armed Services Commit
tees. He does not have enough
troops for such q war. Senator
Morse said q continental Asian
war would not be . matter Of
Y b. month. or q year. or per-
haps even ten years. and re-
minded the Senate that no
one ever has conquered China.
Thus the senator opened the
argument for amendments to
exclude Quemoy and the Mat
sus specifically from our de-
Tense sphere. Two such. spcns
Evening star., 1955-01-27
Fletcher Knebei
Potomac Fever

breakfast with 20 Republican women. Now you
know candidate again Most won't talk to
woman the breakfast table.
Leon Keyserlins top Democratic economist predicts more
unemployment All Democrats predicted depression
last win be pounding the sreetsytng to hook their
crystal balls
Defense Secretary Wilson the Formosa crisis Is "ust
little ripple" In defense planning Wilson never goes hungry
He's always got plenty Of his words he eat.
Democratic Senator investigate business
MONOPOLY OF with. how about this stun Of Adlai
Stevenson monopozng the Democratic presidential buness2
Ikes resolution defend Formosa already has the
White House an important outlying stronghold The resolution
captured Senator Knowand
Evening star., 1955-01-27
Issue Of {. S. Flyers SheIved?
There Is No Connection Between Americans Held BY Red
And Our Commitments TO Defend Formoson islands

the contrary: Reports from the
Indian capital seem to indicate
that the Communist rulers Of
China intend to use to the ut
most extent the American mil-
itary they now have In Jail
and also several hundred
others said to be still in their
hands as hostages. for bar
gaining purposes.
Two months have elapsed
since Peiping announced the
trial and sentencing Of the
American aspies." The tor-
bearance Of the United States
now approaches its end. We
have let the United Nations.
under whose nag our men
have fought in Korea. attempt
to liberate them. The United
Nations so far has used peace
full means to obtain this re-
suit. But it has, IN accordance
with its Charter. the right to
employ forceful measures
against an outlaw counti -
even II 1t is not q member Of
that organization. Unless AM
hassador Henry Cabot Lodge
can make 1t clear to his col-
leagues in New York that new
tactics now must be applied.
there viii be q demand soon
from the Senate and the
House that America herself
take the matter into its own
hands to liberate our men.
All ofiicials familiar with con-
ditions on the Chinese maine
land agree that q decision to
enforce q blockade Of the
China coast would give much
more food for thought to Mr..
Chou than ell the appeals to
'hulnanitarianism' made TO
him by the Secretary General
OF the United Nations during
his visit to Peiping.
The consensus Of our Chiefs
Of STAFF is that China's econ-
omy could not long survive
a disruption Of her seaborne
trade.
Evening star., 1955-01-27
Dons rleeson-
Fornoso: Two Sides Of q Coin
EisenhoWer's Policy Message Has Something in It
For Eveybody-Excep Morse and Humphrey

sponsible sources that the
President himself is committed
to the cease-fire, that he viii
never consent to be drawn into
war on the mainland Of China.
The obvious question is Does
Senator KnOwland know this
and is it really all right with
hirn?"
Senate debate will be di-
rected toward clearing up what
Senator Morse has called "the
alarming implications and
broad scope" Of the Eisenhower
resolution. It viii be eillighr-
ening to watch both the.
Knowlarid faction and the ax-
tent to which Eisenhower
spokesmen explain the Presi-
dents own attitude.
The technique Of the medal
with two attractive hut diff
ferent faces Is distinctiyely
John Foster Dulles. The Sec
retary of State In his career
here has been adept at put
ting something for everybody
In his foreign policy moves to
hide or smooth over the deep
divisions In his party on that
issue ands to cloak his own
changes OF direction.
This time. however, the
sharp legal brain Of Senator
Morse and the intuitive po-
litical insight Of Hubert HUM
phrey Of Minnesota sniff war
in the Dulles technique. They
win try to get plain answers
which may not please every
body but win explain the true
goals Of the administration.
Evening star., 1955-01-27

Senate debate has already
proved that the pro-National-
lists like what they think they
see in the resolution more than
Senators determined to protect
but to neutralize Formosa care
for the picture shown to them.
When Senator Morse had
concluded an impressive review
Of his apprehensions regarding
the resolution. Republican Sen
ate Leader Knowland jumped
to his feet and attacked him
for misleading Peiping" and
"endangering the security OF
the country. !" This line is nicely
calculated TO discourage Sena-
tor Morse's probing into the
meaning Of the resolution.
It was Senator Knowland's
first public utterance when or
dinarily he does not mind
denouncing presidential posi-
ton on foreign policy almost
before 1t is spoken. His smiling
silence indeed has been per-
haps the most significant as
pect of the, situation. 1t gave
consent land Senator Know
land has never hitherto given
consent to anything that did
not represent unflinching sup
port for Chang and all
Chiang's works.
IN an old Sherlock Holmes
story, Holmes called attention
to the significance Of the bark.
ing dog. aBut the dog didn't
bark!' DR.. Watson said. 'sThat
Is what Is significant" Holmes
replied.
It Is said privately by re-