davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-10

Also, while there is no question
of consulting the people on the
school issue, neither is there any
question that, if consulted, they
would defeat the governments pol
icies. This is true in part because
non-Catholic opinion is divided on
the question and some non-Catho-
lies support the Catholic position.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-10

faithful IN that region has increas-
ed by almost 500 per cent. Much of
this growth has occurred within
the past four years, during which
the Catholic population has risen
by 100000.
This rate of increase confinU.
ed the notable growth experienc-
ed during the first quarter of
the 10th century. In 1900 there
were only Il $50 Catholics and
100 priests in all French West
Africa and Togo, which include
Territories cove ring l,s42, 500
square miles, an area about two
thirds the size of the United
States.
BY 1927 the number cf Catho-
lies had risen by more than 400
per cent to 121, 900 and there were
191 priests.
Today French West Africa's 800,-
600 Catholics-42% of the total
population of 19,000,000-are Serv-
ed by 315 priests, more than 90
Of whom are natives. There are 394
nuns and $4,000 children in Cath
Ollie schools.
Missionary efforts in West Afri-
ca began in the 18th century but
did not go much beyond the tempo
rsry visits of priests to some of
the coastal settlements, many of
whose inhabitants were slave deal
ers.
In 1848 the Vicariate of Sene-
gambia and the Two Guineas was
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-10

On the other hand, leftist lead
ers are looking ahead with pessi-
mism. A large number of Socialists
believe their party was wrong
when it emphasized the school is
sue.
/ do not see any important
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-10
Ireland Halls Recognition
OF lis Medical Schools

DUBLIN, Ireland-(NC) - Much
satisfaction was felt here follow
ing the announcement that the ap-
proving authority Of the State of
Massachusetts viii recognize the
medical schools Of the constituent
colleges of the National University
of Ireland as from January ], 1854.
II means that graduates Of the
three medical schools Of the Ma
tronal University-pablin, Cork and
Galway-msy apply for admission
to the examination Of the licensing
body of the State Of Massachusetts,,
and if successful will be permitted
to practice in the state.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-10

DAYTON, o.-(NC)-Joseph J.
Gavin, former football coach at the
University Of Dayton. was killed
last week by a beserk gunman in
a local bank. NJ. Gavin. who also
was captain of Notre Dame Uni
versitys basketball team in 1880
and 81. was shot while transacting
business in the bank. He was AZ.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-10
British Catholics Pray
For Strike Settlement

LONDON = NC - Special prayers were offered in
Catholic churches throughout the country for settlement of
the national rail and dock strikes threatening disaster for
Britain.
Meanwhile the Catholic press condemned both strikes
purely inerunion squabbes that unjusfably
cumulaing danger to the national life.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-10
Belgian Catholic Party Chief
Sees Victory in School Fight

D Christian Peoprs
eaes the current Bs0nm school crisis He d The Catholic effort
BRUSSELS
optimism Catholics
W e unny.
The National of
omp ha nowbe
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-10
Church IN French Vest africa
Is Showing Tremendous GrOpth

ROME = NC) - The phenomenal growth of the Church
French West Africa which today has 800 900 Caho
lies has taken place almost entirely in the past quarter
tury.
During that time according TO statistics released here by
Fdes the Catholic mission agency the number of the
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-10

Don't drive miles looking for
home when you can find 1t in our
want ads.
Evening star., 1955-02-08
U.S.. Intrudes on Red Air Space,
Peipinq Says of Tuchen Cover

tions Committee he doubts. Red
China really wants to wage war
against the United States.
However, I do not doubt that
the Chinese Communists are
probing our resolution" Mr..
Dulles added.
One clue to the Reds inten-
tions appeared to lie in whether
they would throw up any planes
to cruise in the same area as
American craft. flying cover for
the slow-moving Tachen pull
back.
The Navy indicated that If
incidents occur. American planes
will be under no restrictions in
pursuing any attacking craft. A
Navy spokesman said Navy and
Air Force planes, if attacked, will
follow a policy of hot pursuit." "
that is, they may chase their
attackers as long as their fuel
holds out.
Evening star., 1955-02-08

mittance. On the contrary, it
has postponed for further argu-
ment and consideration the very
question whether the plaintiffs
before it are entitled to immedi-
ate relief. This it has not de-
cided."
The Delaware court said the
United States Supreme Court
ruling indicates that the decree
to be entered will deal with the
rights of all Negro school chill
dren in the States subject to the
decree, not as individuals, but as
members of a class. How then,
can such rights be held to be
personal and present at this
moment?
IF the plaintiffs in the segre-
cation cases have no immediate
rights to demand admttance on
a non-segregated basis, how can
the plaintiffs before us be in
better case?"
Evening star., 1955-02-08
Righf-to-Work Laws Hit
In Annapolis Resolution
BY s,ur stoff Correspondent.

BY q Sior Stof Correspondent.
ANNAPOLIS. Feb. "a reso-
luton was introduced in the
House of Delegates today con-
demning so-called right to work
laws.
The sponsor, Delegate Samuel
J. Culotta, Republican, of Balti-
more City, said his purpose is to
bring the issue out into the open
here. There has been talk that a
right to work bill would be in
troduced in the Maryland Legis-
lature this year. but SO far no
one actually has put one in.
Mr.. Culotta's resolution states
that the majority of the II
States that have right to work
laws are in the South and they
were passed with the express
intent of Turing industries from
northern States to low wage
areas in the South"
Evening star., 1955-02-08

insisted Nationalist ships were In
Tachen waters Sunday night or
Monday. morning and began
loading. If so. it may have been
a fast shift of guerrillas to Nan
chisnan or some other offshort
island the Nationalists hope to
build up. ,
Fourteen Nationalist ships
were assigned to take off civil
ians. They included 13 landing
ship. 8 of tank size and S me-
diums and the steamer Ii Hua.
Tides Cut Loading Time.
The evacuation was expected
to take week or longer, even
with United States ships help
ing. Tides as high as Is feet
and rocky beaches cut loading
time to six hours daily.
A feet of United States war;
ships and amphibious craft con-
verged on the Tachens Monday.
Navy beachmasters and Marines
went ashore to set up the evacu-
alton while underwater demoli-
ton teams and minesweepers
cleared the approaches.
This opening phase of the
evacuation operation passe
without serious incident. Com
munist guns on Yikiangshan
fired a few bursts at Navy planes,
without hits.
Admiral Pride expressed the
belief that "the Communists
thought our aircraft were COM
ing too close"
"Our pilots are instructed to
avoid provocative action and not
to OVERLY pending any overt act
by the Communists" the ad-
miral stressed.
Evening star., 1955-02-08
New Truce Effort
Marks Final Day Of
London Conference
BY The Asseeioted Press

LONDON, Feb. 8.-The British
Commonwealth prime ministers
today shaped a new diplomatic
try for a Formosa oease-f1re in
the windup of their nine-day
conference.
AS the Commonwealth chiefs
gathered for their last secret ses-
sion, the British government
awaited official United States tie
action to its appeal for the evac.
uation of Quemoy and the Matsu
Islands by the Chinese Nation
alistS.
British Ambassador Sir Roger
Makins conferred with United
States Secretary of State Dulles
in Washington yesterday as
United States forces in the West
ern Pacific protected the Nation
alist withdrawal from the Tachen
Islands, 200 miles north Of
Formosa.
British diplomacy repeatedly
was concentrating on convincing
the United States that the with
drawal of Chang Kai-shek's
troops from all other coastal out
posts was an essential first step
toward reaching a tacit standstill
in the Formosa fighting.
The tense Formosa situation
again held the top spot on the
agenda Of the commonwealth
meeting, although the Prime
Ministers discussed the problem
for almost three hours yesterday
They anxiously studied reports
of the Tachen evacuation. fear
full that clash between the Red
Evening star., 1955-02-08
Segregation
Continued From First Page,

NSSAA0AAAANNA SAAA = ~ N6N'l
compelled to do so at the mo-
ment.
Question Obscured, Court Says.
'"The deplorable incidents pre-
cedinga the removal of the
(Negro) children from the school
and the widespread publicity
that inevitably followed, have
the effect, we think, of obscuring
the essential question in the
case" the court held.
The opinion. written by Chief
Justice Clarence A. Switzerland,
was concurred in by Associate
Justices Daniel F. Wolcott and
Howard w. Bramhall.
THAT question:" the court
continued. "is simply this: Did
the Board of Education of the
Milford special school district
have the right to admit these
Negro children?"
Cites Board Regulations.
The court then noted that the
State Board of Education last
summer set forth regulations
directing the local boards to sub
NIT plans looking to gradual in
tegration in the public schools.
These regulations required the
approval of the plans by the
State board and forbid attempts
at desegregation without such
approval. The Milford board
diSregarded these regulations,
the Supreme Court held.
The appeal of the vice chan
cellor's order, which issued a
preliminary mandatory injunc-
ton, was taken by the present
Milford school board.
Replies to Argument.
Counsel for the 10 Negro pu-
pills had contended in arguments
before the Supreme Court that
the United States Supreme Court
decision had given the pupils
the immediate right to attend
classes with white pupils.
The court replied at length
to this argument in its 30-page
decision. In disposing of the
point, the court said:
THE situation is an unusual
one. The right to unsegregated
education has been established.
The plaintiffs in the segregation
cases and the plaintiffs in this
case now have that right. But
as to the plaintiffs in the segre-
cation cases, the. enforcement
of that right has been deferred.
Cites Absence of Decree.
1.-THE Supreme Court of the
United States has not entered a
decree directing immediate ad-
Evening star., 1955-02-08

billion school building program
proposed by the President would
come through Federal encour-
agement of Statewide school
building agencies.
Under this plan. the State
agencies issue bonds and build
schools for lease to local school
districts.
The plan is designed to meet
the problem of many school dis
tricts which cannot borrow the
money to build their own schools
because of restrictive debt limit.
The schools built by the State
agencies would be leased under a
system providing rentals suffi-
cient to cover payments on prin-
ciple and interest of bonds. pay
ments to a reserve fund, and a
proportionate share of the ad-
ministrative expenses of the
State school building agency. In
time. the President said, the To-
cal school district would pay off
the cost of its building through
such a system and take title to
it.
Calls For Matching Funds.
Mr.. Eisenhower proposed that
the Federal Government match
State funds to establish initial
reserve funds equal to one years
payment on principal and in
terest for such plans.
The proposed Federal partici-
patton would enable State build
ing agencies to issue bonds in
the next three years for build
ing Sc billion worth of new
schools. Officials estimated this
would involve about $3.50 mil
lion worth of Federal funds for
establishment of initial reserve
funds by the States.
Like this $3.50 million, the
$3.50 million proposed by the
President as a fund for purchas-
ing local school bonds would be
expected to return eventually to
the Federal treasury.
Thus, officials figured, 5000
of the $1.1 billion Fed
eral aid funds would be returned
to the Treasury and only the
5000 million involved in the
grant program could be consid-
cred outright Federal expendi-
ture.
Evening star., 1955-02-08

Chinese and United States forces
might widen the fighting. ,s
The prime ministers planned
to issue a communique on their
talks late today. before all ex-
cept Indian Prime Minister
Nehru leave London. Nehru plans
to remain here until next Mon
day, giving him ain opportunity
to continue his efforts for a
cease-f1re.
Nationalist withdrawal from
all coastal outposts would put the
75-mile-wide ForimoSa Strait be-
tween the Red Chinese on the
mainland and the Nationalists on
Formosa and the nearby Pes
cadores.
Responsible informants said
Britain feels this would ease the
immediate danger of a blowup
and possibly pave the way for an
international conference on the
Formosa problem as a whole.
The opposition Labor Party put
Prime Minister Churchill's gov
ernment under heavy pressure in
the House of Commons yesterday
to declare publicly that Quemoy
and the Matsu chain should De
evacuated along with the Tach-
ems
But Foreign Secretary Anthony
Eden refused to commit the
cabinet.
The opposition viewpoint was
outlined by the Laborite Daily
Herald in an editorial which
said:
THE United States has left
it's intentions regarding Quemoy
and Masu deliberately vague.
Yet it is obvious to anyone that
unless Chang is made to quit
all the nearby islands, the pres
ent operation (the Tachens'
evacuation) is a complete waste
of time and the danger is being
incurred for nothing"
Evening star., 1955-02-08
BY the A.soeioisd Pres.

American officials kept their
fingers crossed today against the
possibility of shooting incidents
If Red China carries out a veiled
threat to fly planes in the same
air being patrolled by United
States craft.
American planes helping to
cover the evacuation of Chinese
Nationalists from the Tachen
Islands we're accused by the Pei
ping radio yesterday of "gravely
encroaching on Chinals territory
and sovereignty" The broadcast
continued:
"If the U. S. Air Force ventures
to intrude into China's S terri
torial air again the q. S. Gov
ernment must bear all serious
consequences arising therefrom. :"
This warning came even as
Secretary of State Dulles was
telling the Senate Foreign Rela-
Evening star., 1955-02-08
LOST

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Evening star., 1955-02-08
Senate Group Ckays
Formosa Pact, H.;
Move 10 Amend Fails
By J. A. o'Leory

The Senate Foreign Relations
. Committee today approved the
Formosa defense treaty without
amendment. II to 2.
One effort by Senator Morse,
independent, of Oregon to limit
its scope was rejected by the
same vote. Senator Morse want
ed to strike out a statement
that, in addition to Formosa
and the Pescadores. the treaty
would apply to such other ter
ritories as may be determined
by mutual agreement"
The committee also turned
- down, 9 to S, an effort by Sena-
tor Humphrey. Democrat, of
Minnesota to write into the sep
arate resolution of ratification
a statement that any extension
of the treaty to other territories,
such as the Quemoy and Matsu
islands, would have to be rati-
fed again by a two-thirds vote
of the Senate.
Included in Report.
Chairman George said the
committee did agree unani-
mously to include the Humphrey
proposal in the committee re-
port, along with two other clari-
flying statements. The other two
will:
l. Set forth the understanding
of the Senate that nothing in
this defense treaty shall affect
or modify the legal status or
sovereignty of Formosa, which
awaits settlement at some future
date.
2. Set forth the understand
ing of the Senate that the treaty
lis intended for mutual defense
:only in the event, of external
armed attack and that military
operations by either party !
launched from Chinese Nation
alist territory shall not be I'M
dertaken except by joint agree |
ment.
These understandings conform
to testimony given Secretary of |
State Dulles yesterday. BY
placing them only in the COM
mittee report they become inter-
pretations of the Senate but do
not require any new negotla sions
on the treaty.
Doubts Reds Want War.
In plea for speedy approval
OF the treaty, Secretary Dulles
told the committee he doubts
that the Chinese Commu-
nists want war unless the
United States abandons this
treaty with all that that aban-
donment would imply"
"1n the face of Communist +
probing deeds and clustering
words, the United States should
remain calm, but it should re-
main firm in it's purpose" Mr..
Dulles added.
The Secretary said it is pos
sible that the resolution by which
Congress recently approved a
presidential request to use armed
forces as he deems necessary to
protect Formosa. and the de-
tense treaty with Ohiang Kali
shek will together create a /
situation in which the present
warlike mood of the Chinese
Communists may subside."
Mr.. Dulles made it clear the
arms resolution has not rem
dered the treaty unnecessary.
Evening star., 1955-02-08
Formosu
Continued From First Page.)

| NNOIlblIluCO TIOul + lIot dSCJ
Becker reported from the
amphibious flagship Estes that
| two carrier-based American
planes were fired on by Red
antiaircraft batteries on vi
kiangshan Monday night and
another one Tuesday morn
sing. None of the planes were
hit. Yikiangshan is eight miles
north of the Tachens.
(The two planes Monday
night were flying north of the
Tachens at 1000 feet. Naval
officers said the plane fired on
this morning had strayed "out
of bounds" over Yikiangshan.
1t was Immediately ordered
out of the area.)
Warships of the U. s. 7th Fleet
were under orders not to drop
anchor or steam at slow speeds
in darkness to avoid possible tor
pedo attack.
Two United States attack
transports, the U. S. S. Henrico
and the U. S. S. Lenawee, began
loading civilians. The first
United States evacuation ship
probably will arrive in Keelung,
a North Formosa port, Wednes-
day Qate Tuesday. U. S. date).
Reds Don't Interfere.
There was no sign of interfer-
ence from Communist artillery
on Yikiangshan or from the hun
dreds of Russian-built jets based
within close range on the Red
China mainland.
Civilians were given first pri-
ority in the evacuation. Women
and ci1ildren'piodd through the
mul of their villages, past cack-
ling fowl, down to the beaches of
Lower Tachen. Men. some old
and feeble. Joined in the mi
grafton.
The Nationalist outpost soan-
doned under United States pres
sure, lies 200 miles north of For
mosa and only IA miles from the
Red mainland.
Most of the $4,000 or more
civilians were on Lower Tachen
and $4,000 Nationalist troops
and guerrillas were on its sister
island just to the north.
Forces Bolstered Near Quemoy.
The Nationalist Central News
Agency in a Hong Kong dispatch.
said the Chinese Reds were
strengthening forces near the
Nationalist-held coastal island
of Quemoy, $50 miles south OF
the Tachens. Nationalists re-
PEELED Red invasion attempt
there in October. 1949, inflicting
thousands of casualties on the
Communists.
while Rec China's military
arm was quiet, its propaganda
voice clamored that United
States participation was a
"pretext to invade the Chinese
coastal islands and expand its
aggression against China"
tPeiping radio, heard here,
broadcast an editorial from the
official Peoples Daily which
concluded: United States
war threats cannot intimidate
the Chinese people in their
determination to liberate Tai
wan (Formosa) and other
Chinese islands.")
First Evacuee Aboard.
Vice Admiral Alfred M. Pride
flashed word. from his flagship. |
the cruiser Helena, that the first
Tachen evacuee to be taken
aboard an American ship en-
parked on the attack transport
Henrico at 9:20 pm. Monday
EST.
The 7th Fleet commander said
,mbarkation on a Chinese Ma
,ionalist ship got under way
lbout an hour earlier.
Nationalist sources in Taipei
Evening star., 1955-02-08
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Evening star., 1955-02-08
Schools
CONTINUED From First Page.)

Government helps the States and
communities to help build
schools faster.
Federal aid in a form that
tends to lead to Federal control
OF our Schools" he added, could
cripple education for freedom
&. but Federal leadership can
stir Americans to national ac-
ton"
The bulk of the three-year, 81
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09

fLoeks TO support Catholic eduea-
tion, and the faithful who have
doubled and trebIed" their
contributions for education.
Monsignor McManus, forecasting
continued growth of the school sys-
tenn, said that statistics indicate
that 10 years from now elementary
schools in the diocese must find
accommodations for twice the
present enrolment, and that high
school enrolment will cat least
double" in the same period
In the talk. the prelate cited a
growing trend among Catholic,
Protestant and Jewish parents to-
ward the recognition of the import
ance of religious education. AS ex-
amples, he noted incacased de-
mand for Sunday or SabLeih School
classes, for released time in public
schools for religious instruction,
and for combined religious educa-
tion and recreation programs dur
ing the vacation period. Declaring