davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-13
U.S.. Bankruptcy
Peak Forecast
BY the Associated Press

The House Appropriations
Committee said today the COM
ing fiscal year may see the
highest number of bankruptcies
recorded in the history of the
country"
It made the observation, with
out elaboration. in sending to
the House a $3.50, 1893. 227 appro-
priation bill to finance the
State Department. the Justice
Department. the Federal judici-
airy and the United States In
formation Agency for the book
keeping year starting July /.
During the current fiscal year,
the committee said, approx
mately $4,000 bankruptcy cases
will be filed, with an increase
to $4,000 expected next year.
Fund Requests Approved
It approved the 81, ISL 400. re-
quested for salaries of bank
ruptcy referees and $1,650. 600
for referees expenses. This is
$172,375 more than Congress
appropriated for the same work
this year.
The committees overall action
represented a cut of approx
mately Z per cent in presidential
money requests for the agencies
to be financed by the bill.
BY agencies here's how the
committee allotted the money:
State Department asked Sat-
267,197; allotted $126, 769,977;
cut $2O,497,220.
Justice Department asked
$201, 485, 900; allotted $197,525,-
600: cut $3,960,000.
USIA asked $88, 5O0.000; al
lotted $50 500. 900; cut So million.
Refugee relief asked SIC mil
lion; allotted SIG million; no cut.
USIA Is Criticized
The only notable criticism Of
any agency was directed at the
USIA, which it said tried to
find people to accept free ency-
clopedias costing the Govern
ment $3.50 a set. The COM
mittee cut this program from
81 1881 900 to $350,000.
1t directed the USIA to curb
its English language broadcasts
and to put more emphasis on
quality" and less on quantity"
In producing motion picture
films for foreign showing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-13
Population Of U. S.
Set at l65 Million
BY the Associated Press

The Census Bureau today es-
timated the Nations population
at approximately 1874, 1867, 900 on
March /.
This figure, which includes
armed forces overseas, was an
increase of 2,825.000 or IL per
cent. in q year. It was also 49,
235. 900. or 8.8 per cent, higher
than the total for the last gen.
eral census on April l, 1850.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-13

A congressional airing of the
Corsi controversy has been as
sured by Senator LANCER. Re-
publican of North Dakota, chair
man of a Senate Judiciary sub
committee on refugees.
Senator LANCER announced
last night that his subcommittee
would conduct a full and COM
plete" investigation into Edward
]. Corsi's charges that the refu-
gee law was being "sabotaged."
He scheduled a subcommittee
meeting for 2 pm. today.
His announcement followed an
angry exchange of public state
ments by Secretary of State
Dulles and Mr.. Corsi, the Secre-
tary's one-time good friend
whom he fired, as his immigra-
ton expert.
M eanw lille, Representative
Heating, Republican of New
York, said he would ask Chair
man Celler of the House Judici-
airy Committee to conduct an
investigation. And in the Senate,
Senator Humphrey, Democrat of
Minnesota. called on Secretary
Dulles to explain what he called
security issues surrounding the
removal of Mr.. Corsi.
Conflict With Reports
In announcing his plan for
an investigation, Senator LANCER
said that every one connected
with this important matter will
be requested to testify and to
testify under OATH" He said
Mr.. Corsi's charge that Of the
214,000 refugees the law would
permit to enter the United States
only 1000 have been admitted
"is in direct variance" with
weekly reports from the State
Department.
Chairman Johnston, Democrat.
of South Carolina also said he
had instructed the staff of the
Senate Civil Service Committee
to look into the case to deter
mine whether 1t should be taken
up in a probe Of the Federal
employee security program.
The committee is laying the
groundwork for full-scale hear
ings on the program, but Sen
ator Johnston said he did not
know when they would start.
Mr.. Heating said the House
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-13
BY JAMES E. ROPER
Star STAFF Correspondent

HAIPHONG, Free Zone in
North Wet Nam.-This is q dy-
ing city.
Rats wallow through garbage
rotting in the main streets.
Smells of putrefaction watt
along the sidewalks where desul-
tory children play.
Nobody seems to care.
The reason Is that this once
great port city is about to be
abandoned to the Communists
of Ho, Chl-minh. Under the
Geneva agreements. the French
and Southern Wet Namese must
pull out of this city and the sur
rounding area by May 10. The
evacuation of the city itself is
set for May Is.
Before then. Haiphong will be
dead.
Homes Abandoned
ALREADY, MONIES along miles OF
city streets have been aban-
doned. Thousands of shops have
closed for good. Every bank has
quit business.
Among the public utilities, only
the electric and water plants
continue to function normally.
Only a few more mail deliveries
are planned. Telegraph and
telephone services have ended.
Garbage collections have
stopped. Filth is everywhere.
The rats are moving in. The
hundreds of thousands Of ro-
dents that normally occupy an
Oriental port city used to be
scattered among the buildings
where the population of 100000
persons worked and lived.
But with 100000 persons
leaving, abandoning great areas,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-13
CAR Will Acquire
Doll Collection

$4,000 IN DoLlS--chiidren Of
the American Revolution soon will &C.
qu're one Of the rorest collections Of
dolls in the worId-500 Of them.
Ruth Dean tells about it on poee 3D..
FREED BY REDs-John n. Noble,
o captive Of the Communists for 9I1
years, describes his release from labor
slavery in the final instoIlment Of his
series todoy on poee B-o.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-13
U. S. Curbs Export
Of SuIk Vaccine
BY the Associated Press

The Government today slapped
export controls on the Salk polio
vaccine.
The Commerce Department
said the controls will be main
tanned until production of the
vaccine is sufficient to meet both
anticipated domestic and for
eign demands.
Under the control system Ii
censes would be required for any
shipment abroad except to Can
ada.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-13
BLUEPRINT FOR PREPAREDNESS
Dual Goal CompIicotes
III. S. Defense POLICY
BY CECIL HOLLAND AND CHARLES B. sEIB

BY CECIL HOLLAND AND CHARLES B. SEIB
The defense policies of the Eisenhower administra-
ton about to become the subject of another Great
Debate in Washington.
What these policies? Top officials have passed
up no opportunities to try to explain te-ost recently
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-13

This is the first OF series Of three
articles on the Governments long
ronge defense program.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-13
GUIDE TO READERS

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Comics abs 81 Obituary A.24
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Finoneiol Abb Section ---B-l-7
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Home Daily and Sunday
Diol Sterling $1,000
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-04

PUP. cocker spaniel blond. male; Vie.
bra6dock Hgts.. Alex. TE. 6-0962
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-04

i H. + ) 80
pro-Eisenhower groups will be
sought for, regular party MEM
bership.
In other words, an effort is
being made to broaden the base
Of the G.O.P.--in two directions.
Mr.. Guylay's appointment was
announced yesterday by Chair
man Hall. The new director Of
publicity is a former newspaper
man who has been engaged in
public relations in New York for
the last 10 years. He is ~ years
old.
Worked rs Consultant
'Mr. Guylay brings to this job
a broad background Of public re-
lations experience and also q
wide acquaintance among the
political leaders of this country"
Chairman Hall said.
During the two years since
President Eisenhower was
elected. the Republican National
Committee has frequently called
upon Mr.. Guylay as a consult
ant, and he worked for us on a
full-time basis during the final
month Of the 1854 congressional
campaign"
Between 1916 and 1854. Mr..
Guylay engaged in public rela-
tons activities for 10 candidates
for the Senate and House. in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-04

SO doing, they are following a
trail blazed by Henry Ford,
whose theory was not looked
upon as workable until recent
years.
Always on the lookout for new
"pools" of labor. these concerns
scatter their production units
through several States instead of
centering activities in one local
ity. The program has spread
the benefits of profitable opera
tions, and the operators find it
more efficient, too.
But the key to it all is the
farmer-worker. And the speed
with which he is proving able to
adapt himself to his new role
has a great deal to do with
Dixie's success in pulling indus
try from the North.
Southern industrialists have
encountered little trouble in get
ting employees to learn their jobs
by doing them-so long as a few
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-04
OUR GREAT INDUSTRIAL MIGRATION
Former-Worker Energies
In South's New Order

afternoon until someone picks
them up. vi
Sometimes a young couple with
a baby or so will work different
shifts in a textile mill. That way
one can tend the home fires
while the other is on the job.
Out of this growing alliance
between farm and machine a
brand-new economic pattern is
emerging.
Most noticeable is the change
in community living.
All but gone is the feudalistic
mill town with its shoddy hous-
ing and the company store"
that traded the scrip the workers
received instead of hard cash.
Now your worker is a
landowner as well as hometown
er. And even the non-farmer
who chooses to live near his
work more often than not owns
his own home.
The demise Of the company
town actually began back in the
old MIRA days. One of those
credited with sparkling the re-
form was MIR. South Carolina"
himself, James F. Byrnes, then
q y,ooy,,her of tho Senate RIIt the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-04

The mill owner who was a
landlord had all the troubles
and unpopularity-that SO often
attach to that particular en-
deavor. Rents had to be cheap
and upkeep was high. this Off
cial recalls. And the places didn't
look like much. consequently.
Now the houses are kept clean
and painted. Further. home
ownership has developed a COM
munity spirit that was sadly
lacking before.
That is the crux Of the de-
velopment. The Southern worker,
new style. seems to have a maxi
mum sense of security and peace
of mind.
Decentralize Operations
This social renaissance also
has been productive of another
important development: Many
big manufacturers have been de-
centralizing their operations as
they move into the South. In
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-04

key men are on hand to get the
neophytes started.
This would seem to support
the contention of a New England
producer of print goods, who told
this reporter that he could train
first-class textile printers-an
occupation requiring high skill
in a year. as against the seven-
year apprenticeship demanded
by the unions, which also limit
the number of apprentices who
may be. hired.
Leaders Defend Policies
Southern leaders, who are ag-
gressively pursuing new in
dustries, take sharp exception to
the criticism that they are trad
ing solely on anti-labor policies
and cheap wages in this new re-
construction ERA. go. ~
They know, of course. that the
labor set-up is their ace In the
hole. for power, raw materials
and transportation costs offer
slight advantages over the rest
of the country.
But they strongly defend the
policies on which the North
frowns.
The Dixie wage level. they in
sist. is equa1ized by low living
costs. The Southerners simply
view anti-unionism as their way
of life.
Were not raiding the poor
old North for business" SCOTS q
widely-known Southern banker
industrialist. We've got some
thing to offer down here, and
the North is coming to u.s."
That just about sums it up.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-04
6uyIay Is Appointed
6. 0. P. Press Chief;
Was Taft Supporter
BY GOULD LINCOLN

The appointment of L. Rich
ard Guylay. q former Taft
supporter. as director Of pubic
relations for the Republican Ma
tional Committee is in line with
National Chairman Leonard W..
Halls plans. to bring all elements
of the party into a harmonious
drive for Republican victory in
1856.
Another evidence of these
plans is a move now on foot to
bring leaders OF the Citizens for
Eisenhower group formally into
the Republican organization
Nor is the move to stop there.
Rank and file members of these
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-04

GLIDING the late Senator Taft
of Ohio when the Senator won
reelection In, 1850 by a plurality
of 49,. 900 votes. He later served
as Senator Taft's publicity di-
rector during his 1852 campaign
for the presidential nomination.
Mr. Guylay formerly worked
for the New York Herald
Tribune and the Gannett news
papers.
Taft Foundation Trustee
He is a trustee of the Robert
A. Taft Memorial Foundation,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-04
By JOSEPH A. FOX

Behind the story of Americas
industrial migration is a new
sort Of hero - the farmer-
worker.
He seems to break many of
the established rules of economic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-04


behavior. But he is the man
who has made the Dixie boom
possible.
As Northern industry, paced
by textiles, moves into the
Southeast, where trade unionism
Is anathema, 1t finds an album
dant - and complacent labor
force, ready and eager to earn
the weekly pay check that
means insurance against lean
crops.
Everybody Is Pleased
Man and wife, sister and
brother, even a grandparent or
so on occasion, are Joining in
this trek from pillow and milk
shed to spindle and workbench
Everybody is pleased.
Employers are happy. because
they know they are assured Of a
continuous and ample supply of
labor that won't be causing
trouble with union-backed de-
nandS. al , - 80.
And the workers are satisfied.
They are used to long hours, and
they find it both convenient and
rewarding to head for the factory
after their chores around the
farm are done.
Thanks to the transportation
miracle Of fast cars and good
roads. which has revolutionized
their lives, 1t makes little differ
ence to them whether the mills
are 8 miles away-or 80.
Solves Their Big Problem
No matter what outsiders may
think Of the. textile wages in the
South, the arrangement suits
these farm families. They know
the drought last year would have
caused far more hardship than
1t did in Dixie, had 1t not been
for the fact that thousands Of
small farmers had the mill pay
check to fall back on.
Children don't complicate the
problem Of working in the mills.
They simply come into town to
school in the morning as the
parents 60 to work and then wait
around the plant entrance in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-04

THE EVENING STAR, Washington, D. c. a.
4,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-04

Fourth Of q Series
Evening star., 1955-07-03
BY PHIL YEAGER AND
JOHN STARK

When Elizabeth I was ruling
England it was q simple matter to
keep at home people she did not
want gallivanting around the world.
She just had the court issue q writ
Of ne Great regno, which, loosely
translated, meant "stick around.
brother!" II such a writ applied to
them, even such favored stalwarts
as Francis Drake and Walter Ra-
leigh ''stuck around" Their travel
was subject to the caprice of the
sovereign.
Times have changed. as the
courts have been reminding the
State Department recently In re-
gard to passports.
Nowadays anybody can travel
abroad as q matter Of right unless
the Government can come up with
q good reason why he shouldn't.
At least this has been the sub
stance of the Nathan and Shacht-
man cases, both Of which were de-
cided by the United States Court Of
Appeals here within the past few
weeks.
But it is important to realize that
in taking this stand the court was
ruling on q condition already exist
ing. It was not proclaiming or de-
lineating a great new field Of civil
rights. an Interpretation sometimes
given to the decisions.
As o matter Of fact, civil" rights
or liberties have not been involved.
Legally speaking, civil rights are
those belonging to citizens and in
clude rights of property. contract.
marriage. trial by jury, etc. The
right to a passport, as the court
pointed out, Is q natural right;
ie., right not created by law but
one which depends upon a civilized
society conceiviAg man as a free
individual. Examples are the rights
Evening star., 1955-07-03
Mid-Yeor Outlook Gives
Good Grounds for Optimism

and deterioration in the quality of
credit. He added:
If several such developments
should occur simultaneously. the
ability Of the Government to limit
an economic downturn might be
severely tested"
Second Holt Prospect
A consensus of official opinion
put together from the of -the-rec-
ord guesses Of economists in the
executive branch, congressional
STATS and the White House, pre-
sents this prospect for the second
half of the already prosperous year.
. Production will top the early
year official forecasts.
. Personal income Of Americans,
which never stopped rising even
during the 18-month recession that
began two years ago, will exceed
the $286 billion Of 1858 and the
$286.5 billion record of last year.
. Living costs should be quite
stable.
o Employment could top the 1853
average Of 62.213.000.
o Unemployment will rise in the
next several weeks as students and
housewives hunt summer jobs, but
will decline as they find work or
stop looking.
. Labor relations. No major
strikes now are considered threat
ening.
. Balanced Budget. The cher
ished goal of administration policy
is at last in sight.
. Taxes. The budget picture
makes 1t almost certain that Con-
gress will approve tax cuts next
session.
InfIotion Peril Cited
On just one Of these points does
business opinion appear to differ
sharply from the Washington ap-
praisal. Industry fears the infia-
tionary impact Of the new auto
contracts. They will add an esti-
mated three-quarters Of billion
dollars to the wage costs Of Ford
and GIN alone.
Still, Washington refuses to be
badly frightened. Manufacturers
will hope to Offset part Of the new
costs by rising productivity. The
industry-wide trend to auton1a-
tion-more nearly automatic fac
tories--has contributed to specta-
cular gains in output per worker.
In today's fierce sales competi-
ton, officials believe. many COM
panies viii feel obliged to absorb
much Of the higher wage and ma
terials cost. passing 1t along in
prices,
Evening star., 1955-07-03
BY STERLING F. GREEN

From this midyear vantage
point, the economic omens for 1855
indicate that it will easily be the
biggest ever" year for business and
consumers, unmarried by either
severe unemployment or menacing
imitation.
At the end Of the first half. ON
cials Of the Eisenhower administra-
ton report no sign Of q second-half
slump which. six months ago, some
Of them thought might occur.
Instead they find production and
income at all-time highs, and eyi-
IDENTIFY still gaining altitude. They
have virtually stopped worrying
about a possible autumn sag in au-
tomobiles or, housing production,
figuring that by now downdrafts
In some industries can be offset by
updrafts in others.
One White House adviser esti-
mates unofhcially that the total
national output hit rate equal to
roughly $377 billion annually in the
quarter just ended. That is 81 bill
lion above the January-March
quarter. which matched the peak
Of the best previous year, 1858.
Political ofiiceholders are elated.
The boom looks ample enough to
last into the presidential election
year, 1856. II 1t does, Republicans
can take to the voters q story of
high employment, high wages. prob
able tax cuts and at least the
promise Of q balanced budget.
One Fear Out, One Fear In
Industrial Developments last
month erased one potential blight
on the general optimism. but added
another. The new wage agree
ments in automobiles allayed fears
Of q Gripping wave of strikes, but
made some businessmen jittery over
the possibility Of wage-infiation.
Government ofiicials tend to dis
count the latter hazard. In fact,
optimism Is so widespread that Ar
thur r. Burns, chairman Of the
Presidents Council Of Economic
Advisers. uttered a warning in his
address q fortnight ago at Pennsyl-
vania State University.
1T is" he said, Important to
prevent the confidence that gen.
crates prosperity from passing into
overconfidence that generates spec
ulative booms."
Mr.. Burns said Americans may
feel reasonably sure the country can
avoid deep and protracted depres-
sion." but recalled that no country
has ever eliminated the business
cycle. He said dangers lie in over
building of homes, bidding UP of
stock prices 9TH borrowed money
Evening star., 1955-07-03
Reformer Landlord Strives
ToForm Government Which
Will Run ItoIy Smoothly

tributed TO e7.6oo hitherto-landless
peasants. .
One Of his priority programs e
Premier probably win be an extern
sion OF the land-reform program 70
all parts Of Italy.
He u likely to defend the monop-
oily enjoyed by the state agency
known Is EN- for exploitation Of
oil and natural gas resources In
the vast Po valley-and this win
not make him popular with the big
American oil companies or the
United States Embassy.
Segni win certainly continue the
prevailing italian foreign policy.
however. with its key points Of close
ties with the Omitted States and
: efforts to further the unification
OF Western Europe.
Ten -Yeor Plan
He has already conferred at
length with Budget Minister Ezio
Vanoni and 1t seems certain that
he will push the 10-year Yanoni
plan for rehabilitation Of Italy's
economy and abolition Of unem-
ployment.
Yesterday Segni won the support
Of the conservatiyely inclined Lib
eral Party, and Rome sources look
on this rs enough Of a boost to
carry him into ofiice. He was ex-
pected to report to President Gron-
chi late last night (after this page
went to press) with an assurance
that he could form q new cabinet. ,.
Then the test Of his far-fiung
friendships, from left to right In
the mulihued Italian lower house.
win begin.
Evening star., 1955-07-03
THE SUNDAY STAR C.,
Washington, D. C.
SUNDAY, JULY 3, 1855

''irrevocahle." He also had stated
he would not be part Of any re-
organized company.
Throughout the three months Of
preparing for Q crisis that never
came. the bus drivers union got the
major part Of the blame for the
impending transportation stoppaee.
There are many here who agree
they deserved 1t.
OF AT readers Of the Springfield
Daily News who answered that
newspapers poll. so per cent blamed
the bus drivers for the confused
situation. The poll was taken be-
fore the present company said it
was staying In business.
Some stin claim the unions will.
ingness to come to terms with
Springfield Street Railway Co. was
just another part Of q long-range
drive for a public transit authority.
As the situation stands there still
Is no assurance that six months or
a year from now the company viii
not announce another '.irrevocable"
decision to hquidate.
II that should happen there is
little chance Of q private operator
showing any interest In doing busi-
ness here, after what happened to
Messrs. Haas, Sperry and Nee.
A transit company, too, could be
q customer for the company's 1e1
buses and its real estate. for which
the firm had asked $1,750.000 when
1t presumably was going out Of busi-
ness.
The present company, inciden-
tally. bought out the former owner.
the New Haven Railroad. at q pub
lie sale in 1899. paying the equiv
alent of 16 cents a share for stock
which during war years paid divi-
dends as high as $3.50 per share.
Present book value. according to
company oficials, is sos per share.