davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-06-29
Transit Union ADVANTAGE

The imminence of the transit strike
deadline allows little time for the muster
of community forces which might in
,f1uence some sort of settlement.
That is the thought behind the pro-
posal that came out of the conference
yesterday at the District Building be-
tween the Commissioners and group
of Washington business leaders.
The advantage to the union of this
proposal is simply this: If the union
grants an extension of time, for 80 days,
In which to observe what might be done
by public agencies toward effecting a
settlement, it will lose nothing. It could
gain something. In other words, the
cost of a postponement is nothing as
compared with the cost of strike.
The Star does not believe that
"cooling Off period is quite the term to
apply to such delay. The ominous fea-
ture of this whole situation is that both
sides, the company and the union, are
all too cold now regarding the possibil-
ities of strike, An appeal to the men
to postpone their strike is not really
directed to overheated passions. It is
directed to their common sense and to
q strengthening of their strategic posi-
ton. Both the company and the union
have been cooling off" for the past two
years. The danger faced by the COM
munity is that their attitudes are already
frozen.
For those who know the situation,
there is general acceptance of the fact
that the union will strike if it receives
none of the demands it has made. A
delay of 80 days or so for the community,
and Congress, to see what can be done
does not mean that the union is yielding
anything. 1t offers more hope for con-
structive accomplishment than the cha
otto disruption of transit strike. "a.
It'll The company Hissready for the strik.
Itwas ready for a strike two years ago.
IT'S management, as indicated more than
once by dividend-grabbing Louis Wolf
son, is less concerned about public Serv-
ice and public obligations than with
turning a fast buck by milking all avail
able reserves. Mr.. Wolfson is self
server. There is nothing to be gained,
however, by berating Mr.. WolfSon. He
has thick skin and a set of principles
be gained by the unions realization that
1t faces much tougher proposition than
II 1t we're dealing with company that
set any real store in cultivating the good
will of the community by dedicated serv-
ice to its interests.
That is what makes the future of
public transportation in Washington the
concern of the public, rather than the
concern of Mr.. WolfSon. That is why
the union would make no mistake now
by giving the public through its official
and unofficial agencies, one more oppor-
tunity to see what can be done in the
next thirty days to find and to present
an alternative to the blighting effects of
a transit strike.
The union would strengthen its posi-
ton at a nominal price.
Evening star., 1955-06-29
Burned Up

Trash burning in any sub
urban community where there
is a trash collection service
should be stopped. This prac-
tice produces smoke from
burning rags. rubber, ETC..
which is not particularly
healthful or pleasant to
breathe and which leaves de-
posits of ashes and SCOT on
and in homes.
People in the small mid
western town from which I
moved appreciated good air
and did not contaminate it.
but the people in the Mary
land community of which I
write seem to compete with
one another for the dubious
distinction of out-slnoking and
out-stinking the others. Why
intelligent individuals should
endure this unnecessary nui-
sance is unfathomable. Ger
tainly if a person can afford
a house, then surely he can
afford to pay a trash collection
charge, if there is any.
When suburban guests can
truthfully remark. your air
is so clean and fresh!', then
the suburbs will have attained
an enviable reputation for be-
ing a much more desirable area
in which to visit and live.
Altruist.
Evening star., 1955-06-29
Prods Virginia

1t has been almost a month
since the Supreme Court
handed down the decision
(decree) to implement its May
II, 1855, decision declaring
racial segregation and discrim-
ination in public education
unconstitutional. The court
reiterated in this May 81 edict
"the fundamental principle
that racial discrimination in
public education is unconsti-
tutional" and that "all provi-
sions of Federal. State, or To-
cal law requiring or permitting
such discrimination must yield
to this principle.
Now that most of the loud
reaction to the decree has been
about concluded, it is time to
commence the prompt and
reasonable start toward full
compliance" with the decision
as ordered in the edict re-
manding the cases back to the
lower courts. I am convinced
that the movement toward full
compliance should begin ini-
TALLY in the Commonwealth Of
Virginia.
Leonard Brown, jr.,
Student, Howard University.
Evening star., 1955-06-29
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Dates of Vast Ice Aqe Fixed
BY THOMAS R. HENRY

The last great ice age in the
northeastern United States
lasted approximately 1880
years. 1t started about $4,000
years ago. reached its climax
5000 years later, and then the
glaciers were in an oscillating
retreat for almost another
5000 years.
These are the conclusions Of
DR.. Richard F. Flint of Yale
and Meyer Rubin Of the
United States Geological Sur
vey after an intensive RADIO
carbon study of many samples
Of wood from localities which,
it can be established, were
closely associated with the
glaciers.
Findings Checked Abroad
Radioactive carbon, con-
stantly being created by cos
mic ray bombardment of nj
trogen in the upper atmo-
sphere, becomes thoroughly
mixed in the carbon dioxide of
the air and becomes part of
the substance of all living
things. 1t occurs in a fixed
proportion to ordinary carbon.
1t has a half-life of 1868 years
that is half of all the atoms
originally incorporated in the
body OF a plant or animal will
disintegrate in this period.
Thus the amount present in
a log, for example, will give
a fair measure of the time
which has elapsed since the
wood was part of a growing
tree.
The dates obtained, the two
biologists point out, are re-
markably consistent for To-
calities as far apart as Ohio
and Connecticut. They also
correspond quite well to dates
obtained from Europe, much
OF which also was covered with
ice The great ice advance
presumably was common to
the entire Northern Hemi-
sphere.
After its climax, the carbon
dates indicate the front Of the
ice sheet began a series of
advances and retreats which
apparently were in progress
when the first humans ap-
peared in North America. But
the advances of one period
were always a little less than
the retreats of another, so that
Evening star., 1955-06-29

the glaciers gradually disap-
peared. ~
Rats. like bats. have echo
sounding apparatus In their
brains. They may use sounds
inaudible to humans to guide
them in the darkness and
through mazes. They "see"
with their ears.
Evidence for the faculty of
echo-locations in the rat is
presented in a report to the
American Association for the
Advancement of Science by
Drs. Mark r. Rosenzweig.
Donald A. Riley and David
Krech Of the University of
California. They worked with
blind rats tested in running
mazes. Supposedly all clues
which might come from odor
or from heat reflection from
different colored surfaces were
excluded.
Still the animals learned.
with surprising speed, to Sc
lect the right paths through
a somewhat complicated maze
with food, as a reward, at one
end. When their ears were
plugged, however. they were
helpless.
1t is known that bats guide
themselves in the darkness of
their caves by superSonic
echoes. There has been evi-
dence in the past that rats
not only can produce ultra
sonic cries, but can hear
sounds in the ultrasonic range.
But, the California psychol-
ogists found. the animals very
seldom uttered these cries in
the maze.
Rats With Superior Hearing
1.-THE rat frequently does
produce other sounds in the
maze" they report. "It may
sneeze, sniff, click its teeth or
scratch the floor and even its
footballs often are audible to q
nearby observer. On some
trials the rat does not pro-
duce any sound that we can
hear before making its choice,
yet it performs correctly. This
may merely indicate our in
ability to hear all the noises
that the rat does. Consider
ing the present evidence, how
ever, it seems likely that the
rat can use the echoes Of in.
cidental sounds which it pro-
duces to detect objects in its
environment"
Evening star., 1955-06-29

a basic immunization against
diphtheria, tetanus, whooping
cough and smallpox, but many
have not had booster shots
recently. Furthermore, most
have not been immunized
against typhoid fever.
Young and middle aged
adults who have been in the
military service have received
some or all of these immuni-
cations, but have not had boos-
ter shots in years. Most ell
derly people have not received
any immunization except per-
haps a smallpox vaccination.
Now is the time to see that
all people who are able, re-
ceive protection against the
diseases that follow the de-
struction by warfare.
M. ID.
Evening star., 1955-06-29
For Better Security

1E1e aQullrdDle manner III WHICH GIlc
Senate has dealt with the problems of
improving the Federal security system
is remarkable and certainly a hopeful
sign of the times
Fully meriting the lions share of the.
credit are Democratic Senators Hum
phrey and Stennis, cosponsors of the
resolution calling for a study of the
security question by an impartial and
nonpartisan commission. But it must be
said that the Senate as whole has dealt
with this resolution, passed by unani-
nous vote, on the highest level A year
ago, when the attack on the executive
branch of the Government was in full
swing, it would have been all but impos-
sible for the Senate to have approached
such task in the spirit summed up
in these words by Mr.. Humphrey: 1--WE
looked upon our task, not as one of find-
ing fault with the past, but as one of
intelligently and conStructively attempt
ing to establish path to the future, one
which would contribute to the national
security and national prestige of our
country"
The task which the proposed 12-
member commission would study and
report on Is delicate and difficult
one. At its heart lies the problem of
confrontation--the problem of how to
give person accused as a security risk
the maximum opportunity to defend and
clear himself without, at the same time,
destroying the FBI's methods and devices
for protecting the Nation against the
Communist conspiracy. Asserting that
security is not partisan issue" and
stressing that ways must be found to
extend greater protection to accused per-
sons, Senator Humphrey declared:
The time has come to take stock, to
face the problem of security, not with
histrionics, but with the maturity with
which our democratic Government and our
people have faced grave issues of national
policy in the past Let us assess the peril
which faces us and decide upon a CO.
ordinated cohesive rational security sys-
tenn which will protect our national secrets
and our way of life.
Perhaps it will be said that this is
large order. But if the House follows
the Senate action, and If citizens of real
stature are named to the study commits
sion, it should be possible to set up pro-
cedures which will serve us for the long
pull. Certainly it will be possible to
improve on the procedures now in effect.
Evening star., 1955-06-29

@. How is tinplate put on to
the sheet steel from which
tin cans are made?--P. r.
A. Usually by an electrolytic
process. which deposits a thin
uniform layer of tin on the
steel in a continuous opera
ton. Hot-dipping is another
method, in which the steel is
dipped in molten tin. Some
times the cans are given an
additional coating of special
enamel to prevent discolora-
ton of the tin by contact with
certain food chemicals. The
average American family now
uses 788 cans of all types a
year.
@, What is the explanation
of the badge of the Camp
Fire Girls?-H. C. T.
A. The crossed logs and
flame syrnbolizes the hearth
fire of the home; the camp
fire, the out-of- doors. The
name of the organization was
chosen because fire has always
been the center of the home
and because Camp Fire" suRt
Evening star., 1955-06-29
Safety Compoiqn

The Board of Commission
ers has noted with much
pleasure and satisfaction the
series OF traffic-safety articles
published by The Star, under
the title. "It Does Happen
Here" We feel that this
series, tying in with the tele-
vision program. Traffic Di-
rector's Mail Bag" has done
much to acquaint the public
with our more important traf-
fic rules and regulations and
to promote a greater appre-
citation of the importance of
safe, careful driving.
1t is a fine public service
by The Star. and the Commits
sioners appreciate 1t very
much.
Samuel Spencer,
President, Board of Com
missioners, D. C.
Evening star., 1955-06-29

to get into his favorite seat
without noticing the lady who
evidently had her eye on 1t,
too.
1t was only after he was
seated, and looked up, that he
noticed the lady's eye upon
him.
Glare would have been a
better word.
She glared. and Jones. as
an old, experienced bus rider,
knew what he had done.
The lady regarded that seat
as hers.
This is a complex riders
buildup. ~t
Some like one place, some
another; some prefer the
right-hand side, some the left;
others like the front half.
others the back half of the
public vehicle.
And old riders often build
up a feeling of positive owner
ship, at least in their own eyes.
n \ y
Years ago, some of the older
riders on the old Chevy Chase
carline almost thought they
owned the cars they rode on
daily.
Once when Jones was seated
at the front, enjoying the sum
shine, man came from the
rear and pulled the shade
down. (They had shades, in
those days.
What did you do that for?"
asked Jones. promptly putting
the blind up.
"The lady back there" said
the other, wants it down"
"You tell the lady" began
Templeton Jones. "You tell
the lady that want it up.
When she pays for two seats
I may pull it down, but not be-
fore"
But we were telling about
Jones seated on the bus.
Well, when the lady got of,
as she went by our hero, she
gave him a sudden triumphant
glance.
Then you know what she
did?
Just before she stepped out
the door she turned and
planted her right foot squarely
on the left foot of Templeton
Jones, esq.
"Ouch!" swore Jones, or
words to that effect.
The lady was still grinning
when she landed on the side
walk.
Oh, these ladies, these
ladies'!
Evening star., 1955-06-29
Father Walsh

1 would like to compliment
The Star on its fine editorial
June 81 paying tribute to
Father Edmund A. Walsh, S. j.
The outstanding contribu-
tioas to society given by Faith
er Walsh in his capacity as
clergyman. statesman, scholar,
author educator, diplomat,
authority on Soviet Russia.
geopolitics, constitutional and
international law, truly make
him one of the great men
of this century.
In his retirement, George
town University is indeed
fortunate to have as regent
of the School of Foreign
Service, Father Frank Fad
ner who will ably carry on
the traditions and ed1ca-
tional standards that have
been established during the
past 35 years by Father Walsh.
David M. Clark,
Professor Of Exporting and
Importing Techniques.
Georgetown University
School of Foreign Serv-
ice.
Evening star., 1955-06-29

reasons, has declined American economic
aid since early In 1858. But Burma, al
though its resources can make it one of
Asia's richest lands. still is relatively un-
derdeveloped. In the field of health, for
instance, the life expectancy Of Bur-
mese infant is only about 20 years as
compared to almost 10 for an American
infant. Certainly, If he cares to speak
on problems of this sort, as well as on his
country's international political position,
the distinguished and personable U Nu
will find an attentive and responsive
audience during his stay among us.
Evening star., 1955-06-29
Rewording Detectives

Bills just introduced in Congress
would give the Detective Bureau more
prestige and strength. The lot of the
plainclothesman has been difficult. A
career detective is an important police
officer, but the opportunities for ad-
vancement have been fewer for those in
plain clothes than for the men in uni
form. The bills sponsored by Senator
Nicely and Representative Lane are de-
signed to correct this situation. Police
Chief Murray indorses the plan.
If the proposed legislation is enacted,
the heads of five detective squads at
Police Headquarters will be eligible for
promotion to captain, with full pay for
that rank. The squad leaders now are
paid as lieutenantS. One of them, Todd
Thoman, is an acting captain in recog-
milton of his fine work in exposing a
police bribery plot. BY creating captain
cieS for the squads, veteran detective
officers can look forward to promotions
comparable to those available to uni
formed men in the precincts.
Part of the plan calls for special
promotion examinations for plainclothes-
men. These tests would stress investiga-
tive techniques not covered in the general
examinations and would eliminate traffic
and other subjects of little value to a
detective. The whole plan would involve
cost of only about $4,000, most or all
of which probably could be absorbed
under the pending budget. This is small
price to pay for improving the morale
and efficiency of the important special
squads assigned to solve Washington's
more serious crimes. 1
Evening star., 1955-06-29
Town Talk

The Uillage talk no longer
must depend
On crops or heather. Local
lads haze been
To the far corners of the
,Uorld. They speak
Of-handedly of Paris, of the
Thames.
Mention of Singapore and
Tokyo
Is not infrequent. The ne,Ds-
casts are heard
With understanding. tDhich
a tew years back
Would not haze held the In.
terest of the to,Dn.
FormoSa. once an oriental
name
OF passing interest, is today
q term
OF deep significance. Topog-
rdphy
OF foreign lands is a familiar
scene
To the young men tDho haze
trdpersed the oirth
OF this one planet tDhich iDe
call the earth.
Billy B. Cooper.
Evening star., 1955-06-29
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES (. TRACEWELL

Bus manners are usually
very good. considering every
thing and everybody.
But something must have
gone awry that morning.
Temp Jones was seated in
his favorite place, just behind
the driver, where he could get
some air. not only from the
door but also from the opera
tors window.
He tried to pull himself
back, so that the person who
stood holding onto the upright
would have as much room as
possible.
This morning, as usual, a
trim slim man got on and took
up his stand.
Then a woman boarded the
vehicle, and in. passing she
bumped into the thin man.
The latter was precipitated
into our friend Jones, who did
his best to draw in yet an
other notch. You have to on
buses.
The woman went to the rear
and stayed there until the thin
man turned to get off down
town.
Then she snaked her way
through the crowd.
Just as the man stepped off
the bus the woman hauled
back and gave him a swift
kick right in the place where
Johnny used to be padded.
The man turned, with a
panied expression, and looked
into the bus.
did you see what that
did?" he asked.
NOBODY said a word.
Such. happenings occur so
quickly that people never know
exactly what to say or do.
X 4 y y
The incident reminded Tenn
pleton Jones of something that
happened to him on a bus
years ago.
1t was on the old de luxe
coach, the pride of the COM
pany, now defunct, that ran it.
There was a single row of
seats on the right side, near
est the curb. and the regula-
tion two seats on the other.
Jones liked the front seat in
the single row. right inside the
door.
He always headed for this,
If he could get 1t without too
much effort or positive rude
ness. A little rudeness, per-
haps, but not too much.
This morning he managed
Evening star., 1955-06-29
Fair PIoy at School

I write In reference to the
merging of Wilson and Miner
Teachers Colleges. There is
one word which it would be-
hoove both white and colored
educators to use less frequently
with certain Implications. That
word is discrimination" What
does discrimination mean? The
act Of noting differences, also,
the act Of treating unfairly.
It is this second meaning
which seems to be in popular
usage.
In this new adjustment ne
cessitated by desegregation,
one should not regard q
change in position as the re-
suit of unfair discrimination.
There have been positions
changed, or discontinued on
Wilson's faculty, as well as on
Miners. But there has been
no protest from Wilson's fac
ulty members.
AS for DR.. Hager--he has
long demonstrated a demo-
cratic philosophy concerning
all races. The merging Of these
two colleges calls for adjust
ments made in a spirit of un-
derstanding and tolerance-or,
what's an education for?
Educators, white and colored.
should be big enough to catch
the vision. sense the goal, and
follow the CLEAN. Let us differ
entiate between discrimination
and adjustment. Let us rise
above petty jealousies and per-
sonal greed. Let us work to-
gether for good. under the
guidance of that great teacher
who said, Love thy neighbor
as thyself."
Teacheg.
Evening star., 1955-06-29

geStS Lne Out-O1 doors ana the
coming together of a group in
friendly companionship.
@. Are German Shepherds
ever used for city police duty?
What are police dogs trained
to do?-C. E.
A. Early in 1855, Dearborn.
Mich, police acquired 4 Ger
man Shepherd dogs for night
foot patrol duty and for use
in city parks. When completely
trained. each dog patrols a
beat with a police officer. He
knows how to search out and
hold a prowIer or burglar. or
a disorderly person. He has
been taught how to enter a
building, hold a suspicious per-
son. and disarm a bandit.
Burning buildings hold no ter
ror for these dogs, and they
viii also go through plate glass
windows if necessary and scale
walls and fences UP to IA feet
in height. Taught to be vicious
or gentle upon command. they
must always be obedient. 4
Evening star., 1955-06-29
Self Defense

In all the furor about civil
defense, I've never heard any,
one make the practical sugges-
ton that the public be immu-
nized against diphtheria, tet-
anus, typhoid and smallpox.
We know that we will be faced
by epidemics of these diseases
after an enemy attack.
Most children have received
Evening star., 1955-06-29
Toxpoyer Says Lump It.

The change made in the
medical-deduction provisions
of the 1854 Federal income
tax, reducing the threshold
for allowable deductions from
S per cent to 3 per cent of
income, was a welcome i'm
provement. But a complica-
ton has also been added which
is, in my. opinion. unfair and
unnecessary. That is the pro-
vision for separating the cost
of medicine and drugs from
other medical expenses (such
as doctor and hospital fees).
1t is only the latter which can
be counted directly toward
making up the deductible ex-
cess over 3 per cent. The
medicines and drugs count
only to the extent that they,
by themselves, exceed / per
cent OF income.
This may lead some to think,
since / per cent is less than
3 per cent, that the medicine
and drug expenses are treated
more favorably than other
medical expenses, for deduc-
ton purposes; but. of course.
quite the opposite is true. The
3 per cent threshold still ap-
plies to the part Of medicine
and drug expenses which ex-
ceed / per cent of income; this
excess over /. per cent acquires
the same status as other medi-
cal expenses. II the expense
for medicine does not exceed
per cent. it does not count
at all. even though the total
medical expenses are over the
3 per cent. It is a deceptive
sort of thing, almost sneaky.
In reality it means that the
threshold for deducting medi-
cal expenses has not been re-
duced to 3 per cent at all. but
in the average case to about
4 per cent. Admittedly this
Is better than 5 per cent, but
it does not seem quite honest
on the part of those who
wrote this bit of tax legis-
lation.
On what possible grounds of
logic or anything else can ex-
penses for medicine and drugs
be differentiated from doctor
and hospital fees, in the sense
of one being a more legitimate
or worthy" deduction than
the other? On what basis is
such a formula as this / per
cent-3 per cent thing arrived
at? 1t could only be the prod
uct of mind dedicated to
generating the greatest possi-
BILE complexity in the income
tax form. eve taxpayers have
long suspected such a dedica-
tion.)
Congress should put an end
to this nonsense at the earli-
est possible date and lump
together all medical expenses
under a common 8 per cent
threshold.
Taxpayer.