davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-11-14
Virqinio School Report

The basic premise OF the Gray report
r. that no parent should be required,
against his will, to send his child to an
integrated school.
This rests on the conclusion by the
the Supreme Court decision outlawing
segregation in the public schools does not
necessarily command integration. The
question before the commission was how
Virginia, as practical matter, can aban-
don compulsory segregation without going
over to compulsory integration. The
plan set forth In the Gray report is based
on the assumption that this can be done
IN Q lawful manner.
As q first step, certain changes win
be made In the State constitution and
the state code. The effect Of these
changes win be to permit integrAted
public schools where this is desired, to
make possible the maintenance Of segre-
gated schools In any community where
the issue Is not forced, and, finally, to
facilitate through tuition grants the
establishment Of private schools in locali-
ties which win not accept integration.
The people Of Virginia win have an
opportunity to pass on this plan in voting
on the call for q convention TO amend
the constitution. If they reject the call,
the plan dies. But II they approve it, as
they very probably win, then the imple-
menting legal changes win be made by
the Legislature.
After that 1t win be up to the people
In each county to decide at the local
level whether they want integrated
schools, segregated schools or private
schools.
Unquestionably, this means that In
tegration win be put into effect In many
areas or the State where the number Of
Negro residents Is relatively small. In
many others, where the percentage Of
Negro residents Is large, some kind Of
private school system viii be adopted II
other devices, such as the assignment
Of pupils by school boards, does not serve,
IN effect, to maintain segregation.
No one should be under any illusions
concerning private school system. It
win be costly. The quality Of education
offered probably Will be inferior for
number Of years. But those who denounce
this plan should not make the error Of
misjudging the temper OF the people. In
one county parents have already raised
81 million BY private subscription TO start
q private school system. There are many
other counties In which sentiment Is
equally strong, and IN these areas the
public school system faces abandonment.
No court, including the Supreme Court,
can compel people to provide funds for
public schools. This Is the essential fact
which underlies the following sentence
from the report: Future judicial pro-
nouncements and the attitudes OF the
Negroes themselves win largely determine
whether In many parts of Virginia the
clock win be turned back century"
Evening star., 1955-11-14

With lO1,646 children In
District schools, the need for
more teachers. more schools,
means more money. The city
oficials ere under pressure to
act on Q tax program to cover
. Si0-million deficit seen by
July, 1857. without added
revenue. This thought makes
every taxpayer In the District
shiyer in his boots. because
the increase In taxes Is an
additional burden especially
on the low income groups.
There tS Q way to raise
money for schools painlessly,
and that Is by having the par
ents Of each child contribute
monthly for each child o tiny
sum Of 25 TO 80 cents, which
would bring In o monthly in
come Of $25. 900 TO $500 to
be used as 3 school fund. This
money would be the means Of
hiring more teachers, irnpfOy-
ing buildings and building new
schools. This would be the
fair way to raise money and
not tax the taxpayer, each
and every time the District
needs additional funds. This
would provide funds to raise
the salaries Of teachers and
start q trend towards this
cause. The teachers are
urderpaid because the tax
payer cannot afford to as
sumo any additional burdens
on his pocketbook. You can
not write checks giving teach
ers higher salaries, or build
ing schools unless there Is
money to cover 1t. The par
ents and teachers should dis
cuss this problem honestly.
and ! am sure that such q plan
to raise money would be
applauded by everyone, espe-
cially the parents and the
taxpayer. Why not give It .
try?
Mother.
Evening star., 1955-11-14

VI
A nickname Is almost as
important as q good name to
begin with.
The thing for any enter
prising young man to do Is to
see to 1t that his mates select
q good one for him.
Too often they specialize on
Fats and Slim. or Reds. or
some other word denoting q
physical quality.
Among the young ladies.
every red d-headed miss nova
days Is known as Rusty, which
is harmless In itself.
BasicaIly, q nickname Is, in
too many cases. q mental
thrust, or jab. pointing directly
at some physical blemish.
i u
As Templeton Jones looked
back over his acquaintances Of
the years, he realized that
most Of their nicknames were
made by dropping . syllable
or two.
The name that irked him the
most was Jonesey, especially
when spoken by some broadly
grinning wight who insisted on
calling out. Hello. Jonesey,
old boy"
To be spoken to by q stran-
ger using the word Captain. !"
or General" seemed to be the
depth Of something or other.
He wondered why o human
being has to resort to such
devices, when it Is 80 much
easier just to say hello, or how
are you, or even hi.
The depth Of the human
mind, especially In small MAJ
tiers, win never be probed,
Jones feels sure. Freud and
others may have made q start
in the direction Of the deeper
layers. but the shadows are all
uncombed.
\ i \ 4
For instance, why does the
human mind resort to teasing?
Teasing, as . vogue, had its
hey-day in the gay eos. so
called. Perhaps people had to
pretend to be gay, to make UP
for the harsh realities Of life.
Teasing children was q great
game with uncles. especially
uncles who smoked cigars.
They blew the smoke into
the youngsters eyes. and
thought the demonstration re-
Inarkably funny.
Fortunately, teasing children
has long gone out Of style.
Maybe modern kids are too
tough for tIncles.
Another old-time trick, and
q rather mean one, was to bend
back the fingers 30 they hurt.
This was sometimes COM
bined with the adjuration to
"say uncle" as II the fiend In
the tight trousers could be
anything else.
4 y ~ y
Uncle Jim would insist on
dropping his cigar ash into
the potted plants in the par.
lor, much to the disgust Of
the lady of the house.
Another trick Of the gay
uncles Of yesteryear was to
rub the unshayed chin over
the smooth cheeks Of little
girls.
This always evoked q
screaming response, and prob
ably was the real reason for
some Of the neurotics Of today.
Evening star., 1955-11-14
Arms and Free Germany

At q simple ceremony In Bonn ga
rage, the West German government has
handed to 10l men certificates of military
appointment full Of deep historical sig
niflcance. For the certificates mean that
free Germany, after a decade Of complete
demilitarization, has now taken the first
concrete step toward bringing into being
"a task that viii require three years or
so Of intensive effort) a 50,000-man navy,
an 86,000-man air force, and 100000
man army.
This development, which has been
! rather slow IN coming but which may
have been speeded up by the Kremlin's
latest rejection Of Germany,s reunifica-
ton, is In keeping with the Paris accords
under which the Bonn Republic has be-
come a sovereign member Of the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization and the
Western European Union. As q result,
when Bonn's projected armed forces are
actually In existence, the defenses Of the
entire Atlantic community viii be formi-
dably strengthened yis-a-vis the Soviet
Union.
OF course, as Mr.. Molotov has grimly
Kremlin are bitterly opposed to all this.
While they themselves have organized
sizable puppet military strength In Conn
munist-co controlled East Germany, they
have made clear that they win insist upon
maintaining the present partition unless
and until the West agrees to terms that
would force Bonn out Of NATO and
reunify the Germans as q relatively un-
armed neutral" nation. And the Rus
slams main Justification for such an
uncompromising position Is their pro-
fessed fear Of resurgent German mill
tarism of the type unleashed by Hitler.
Certainly, considering the devasta-
ton wrought on Russia by the Nazis, 1t
cannot be denied that the Soviet leaders
have solid basis for this fear and that
they may be genuinely sincere In voicing
1t. But the West, which must also reckon
with the same kind Of danger, has every
reason to believe that allied German
strength Is indispensable to the safety of
free Europe and that acceptance Of the
Kremlin's terms would pave the way for
the communication Of all Of Germany
an event that would be catastrophe for
the world.
Actually, because Of It's geographical
location and its dynamic innate power, q
country like Germany cannot really be
"neutralized" on a permanent basis.
However, under the Western proposals,
it would be subject to powerful anti
militaristic controls, and there would be
pan-European security system giving
the Russians extraordinary guarantees
against rebirth of Hitlerism. Accord
ingly, since the Bonn Republic has ct
last begun to rearn, and since 1t can
hardly fail to grow stronger and stronger
as time goes on. what must be hoped for
Is that this prospect VIII eventually
persuade the Kremlin to cooperate with
the Vests efforts to unity the Germans
In way that will insure the safety Of all.
Evening star., 1955-11-14
Antitrust Laws

! noted with considerable
interest the splendid report In
The Star Of November 8,
Antitrust enforcement Called
Joke by LANCER" In which
the Senator Is reported as say
ing II don't think II makes any
difference whether We have q
Republican or Democratic ad-
ministration. the result Is the
same-the antitrust laws have
not been enforced. Enforce
nlent has been q joke"
Senator Langer added that
he did not intend his state
ment as any reflection on
Stanley N. Barnes. present
head Of the antitrust division
Of the Justice Department. In
this, we. too. concur.
Before q Senate committee
in February, 1s47. at which
time Senator Langer was Q
member Of that committee, he
was informed by the then As
sistant Attorney General. the
late Wendell Berge. that for
35 years or more the adminis-
trations had given merely Zip
service" to the enforcement Of
the antitrust laws. So, as we
review the situation, there has
been no enforcement Of these
antitrust laws irrespective Of
who has been In control Of the
administration. Whether the
responsibility for such q situ-
alton rests with Congress in
failing to appropriate the
needed sum for the enforce
ment Of these laws or whether
it was deliberate upon the
part Of the administrations to
give, as stated. Just Zip serv.
Ice" it has resulted In con-
tinual mortality In the small
business structure and the uni
versal opinion Of small busi-
nesses is that the administers
tions viii do nothing for real
sincere, vigorous enforcement
Of the antitrust laws.
The rank and file Of small
business have come to this
conclusion: "Stop the hypoc-
risy and repeal the antitrust
laws or really enforce them"
The public had better wake up
To this serious situation in our
economy, for II 1t continues
along the same line Of Zip
service" as to enforcement Of
the antitrust laws, the public
win pay and pay dearly.
George J. Burger,
vice President. National
Federation Of Independ-
ent Business.
Evening star., 1955-11-14

voice Of appreciation Of this
feature, In the hope 1t win
remain standard. Added to
Mr.. FAIRIES excellent column,
The Star Is doing just flne.
Evidently The Star has q top
grade philatelic writer In Mr..
FAIRIES. and I hope 1t will con-
tinue with him.
DR.. George L. Fite.
Evening star., 1955-11-14
Dim View Of Kent S View

Frank r, Kent, In his
November 6 column in The
Star, speaks Of "the Ma
ton, concededly overburdened
with debt and struggling to
keep Q precarious balance" II
the Democrats regain control
Of the Government in 1856. he
says 1T Is difiicult to see how
the Nation could survive"
In his column about q year
and q half ago CMay 2. 1954l.
Mr.. Kent bemoaned the fact
that many were incapable Of
logical thought" because
s.they do not recognize that we
are threatened by dangerous
imitation and Federal financial
bankruptcy" He agreed with
Herbert Hoover that It was
"the sin Of the continued def
icits which was at the root OF
our trouble. He was not very
hopeful about that, saying 1--WE
Just sit and watch things get
worse" Meanwhile Democrats,
who were echoing the National
City Bank and other analysts
and the findings Of of1cial
statistical reporting agencies,
were denounced as prophets
OF doom and gloom" because
they said that there was q
recession. There was o recess
sion. but things did not get
worse; they got better and the
economy Is now booming. But
because Mr.. Kent does not
understand the requirements
Of q credit economy, he thinks
that we are on the edge Of
doom, because Of current dis
cussions Of rising debt, most
" private. He forgets. as do so
many others. that the rich are
more In debt than the poor,
and some complain that they
are poorer than the poor, when
taxed with their good fortune.
Are We overextended? No.
says Arno johnson, vice presi-
dent and research director Of
]. Walter Thompson Co. adj
yertising agency. According to
him, installment sales, charge
accounts and other credit de-
vices could be expanded BY so
per cent without being over
extended. Such an expansion
would raise total consumer
debt to about $50 billion. DR..
Grover w. Ensley. STAFF direc-
tor of the Joint Congressional
Committee on the Economic
Report. Is worrying about the
ii1fiationary effect Of tax cuts
TOO soon, that is at the first
sight Of the millennium" Of
Q surplus in the Federal budget
OF one year. considered crucial
because followed by an elec-
ton. But he Is not worrying
about the height Of consumer
debt, or consumer credit, the
optimistic term for the same
things Says DR.. Ensley: "To
say that credit is too high to-
day. simply because Of the un-
precedented size Of the figures,
Is like saying that investment
Is proceeding too rapidly or
that consumption Is too high,
or that the general economy Is
too prosperous relative to our
productive capacity" Consum-
er credit has made possible
mass production and distribu-
ton: it Is unprecedented be-
cause they are unprecedented.
Nothing throws Frank r. Kent
as much as the unprecedented.
We must not be too conpla-
cent. In the wake come un-
precedented problems. One Of
these is the problem Of provi-
Evening star., 1955-11-14

should be stabilized to permit the Ku-
bitschek administration to enter ONCE
under circumstances more favorable for
constructive action.
Evening star., 1955-11-14

Pen names may be used "
letters carry iDriterS correct
names and addresses. Al
letters are subject to coHdeD-
sation.
Evening star., 1955-11-14
Questions and Answers
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE

A re4der can get an answer By mall
20 any f&ctual question BY writing The
1900 Eve Sc. NV. Washington 8,
D. @. Please inciose 3 ceIits for
return postage
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-08
Stub Wounds FotuI
To Women in Fight
With Her Neiqhbor

A fight between two women
ended early today with one stab
bed to death and the other
charged with homicide.
The victim. Lillian Smith. %,
colored. of 1887 Seventh street
NV, died of wounds in the
neck and chest at 2:10 am. in
Freedmen's Hospital.
Her next door neighbor. Matte
Carol Tillman. "a, colored. of
1885 Seventh street NV, told
police Miss Smith came to her
home last night and threatened
her with a knife. They had been
quarreling about a boy friend,
police said.
Miss Tillman told police she
defended herself with a broken
water glass.
She was held without bail on
a murder charge today In NUM-
cipal Court pending the action
of the coroner. The hearing was
continued until September %.
Sergt. Patrick Dennihan of the
homicide squad said Miss Till
man has q record of seven
charges Of assault with a deadly
weapon. She indicted for homi-
eide In 1862, but was never tried
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-08

,garded openly in the West as a
Ipreview Of Soviet Intentions at
1.-THE conference of the Big Four
foreign ministers next month in
Geneva.
Mr.. Adenauer planned to try
to determine the Soviet Unions
readiness to accept an East West
settlement in Europe that would
include unification Of Germany.
ALREADY set out as the prime
Western goal at the foreign min
listers meeting.
The only member OF the Social
list opposition in the delegation.
Vice Chairman Carlo Schmid OF
the Bundestag's Foreign Affairs
Committee. underlined the linn
tied results on unification the
travellers hope to get.
1--WE will certainly not return
with a final agreement on uni
.f1cation." he told airport report
Iers. But If all possibilities of
Iunification are explored. then
perhaps the Moscow negotiations
will open possibilities for q fu-
Iture agreement. In any case the
talks should break the ice"
The Western Big Three have
Ecollaborated with MFR. Adenauer
lin his planning for the Moscow
conference. They will get daily
reports on the negotiations.
Afterwards Mr.. Won Brentano
will make a personal report to
the Western Big Three foreign
ministers when they 90 to New
York for the United Nations AS
sembly meeting.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-08
Dixie, Hawaii
Beauties Lead
AT Atlantic City

ATLANTIC CITY. N. J, Sept.
8 GA tap beauty from the
tropics and Southern belle with
a silver voice held early leads
today in the scramble for the
Miss America 1856 crown.
Miss Hawaii, 22-year-old hula
dancer Barbara Mamo Vieira of
Honolulu, took the top honors in
the first preliminary swim suit
competition last night.
Miss Alabama, Patricia Byrd
Huddleston of Clanton. won out
over Is other lovelies in the
talent competition with a rendi-
ton of the aria pace, Pace Mic
Dio" from Verdi's opera la
Fora del Destino."
Barbara, in white swim suit.
got the nod from the judges. She
stands S feet 8 inches, tips the
scales at 100 and measures So
1886.
A soprano who has studied
voice for six years, Patricia
awoke yesterday with a touch of
laryngitis. II was definitely sing
ing under a handicap" she said
after the contest. But the audi
ence and the judges apparently
didn't think so as she was named
the winner.
Miss Hawaii. whose long black
hair reaches to the middle Of her
back. was overjoyed at her VIC
tory in the swim suit preliminary
Il can't believe it. can't believe
I'm in the pageant" she said.
Another portion of the 40 Miss
America entries took part in an
evening gown competition, but
these results are kept secret to
build suspense.
The preliminaries In each of
the three divisions continue to-
night and tomorrow night.
BY Saturday night, 10 semi
finalists will have been selected.
and then the field narrowS down
to five. The new Miss America,
who succeeds Lee Ann Meriwether
of San Francisco as the Nations
reigning beauty. Is picked from
the five finalists.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-08

District and vicinity-Fair and
cool tonight with low about So.
Increasing cloudiness and rather
cool again tomorrow.
Maryland-Fair and cool to-
night with low near 40 in west,
$3.50 in northeast and in the
middle SOS in southeast. Some
cloudiness in west and increas-
ing cloudiness in east tomorrow
and rather cool again.
Virginia-Fair and cool to-
night with low 1884 in west and
north and 56-62 in southeast.
Increasing cloudiness and rather
cool again tomorrow.
Wind-Northeast 1920 miles
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-08
Steel Union Sued

PITTSBURG, Sept. 8 (P.-.
Rockwell Manufacturing Co. to-
day filed a Sill million damage
suit against the CLIO United
Steelworkers Union. The COM
pany claimed it has lost that
amount since a union local
struck August at the firms
Nordstrom valve division in Oak
land, Calf.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-08
SpyRingBroken
In Bonn Agency

KARLSRUHE, Germany, Sept
I8 Ry.-The cracking of a full
fiedged spy ring in the West
German foreign ministry was
disclosed today Just as Chancel-
Tor Konrad Adenauer took OF
for Moscow.
The federal prosecutors office
here confirmed the arrests OF
several officials" suspected OF
working for Soviet and East
German intelligence services.
The disclosure kicked UP the
biggest sensation since Otto
John, former West German in
telligence chief. detected to
Communist East Germany In
1854.
The prosecutors Office here
said all the arrests were made in
the Passport Division of the For
|eign Ministry In Bonn. No fur
|ther details were given.
Unofheial reports said the
ministry employees arrested were
suspected Of providing forged
passports for Red agents to infil-
|trate West Germany.
The arrests were made secretly
in recent weeks. But news leaked
out simultaneously with Mr..
Adenauer'S departure on his cru
cial mission to Moscow.
Officials here said papers In
the case were forwarded to the
chief prosecutors office at Dues
seldorf for further investigation
The names of those arrested
and the exact number were not
disclosed. Federal authorities
refused to reveal the detailed
operations of the spy ring.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-08
ADENAUER HELPS
BARRED BY REDS

MOSCOW, Sept. 8 R.-
Only Soviet photographers
had been allowed close
enough to take pictures Of
today's arrival of West Ger
man Chancellor Adenauer.
Just as he was about to step
into his car at the airport.
a German photographer In
a barred enclosure so yards
away shouted a protest to
him.
Mr.. Adenauer walked over
to the press section and
brought Premier Buiganin-
Smiling-along with him.
There the two posed for
Western photographers and
Mr.. Adenauer chatted with
them. Marshal Bulganin
also shook hands with the
photographers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-08
Adenouer Is Welcomed
To Moscow by BuIgonin

MOSCOW. Sept. 8 (P,.-West
Germany's Chancellor Konrad
Adenauer flew into Moscow to-
day for talks with Kremlin lead
ers which may prove a turning
point in East-West relations.
Premier Nikolai Bulganin
greeted the 79-year -old Chan
cellor. but Nikita s. Khrushchev.
the Communist Party boss, was
not among the welcoming Soviet
delegation. Other high Soviet
officials present included For
eign Minister v. NJ. Molotov and
First Deputy Premier Mikhail
Pervuhkin. Diplomats from
East and West crowded the air.
strip.
The stern old chancellor
stepped from his cleaning
experimentation to begin cru
cial conferences on the future
of Soviet West German relations
which could influence the entire
course of world history.
His foreign minister. Heinrich
Won Brentano. preceded Mr..
Adenauer by about 40 minutes.
He was greeted by Mr.. Molotov
and most of the diplomatic corps.
including United States Ambas-
sador Charles E. Bohlen.
Mr.. Brentano's American-built
experimentation was the big
.gest airplane ever to land on
Moscow's commercial airport.
Special steps had to be built to
reach the planes doors.
Hopes for Naturalization
The Soviet military band
played the West German ma
tional anthem as Mr.. Adenauer
stepped, from his plane. He
spoke briefly standing next to
Marshal Bulganin before a bat
terry of inicrophones. He said
he hoped that during his nego-
tiations. in Moscow the normal
ization Of relations between the