davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-09-09

Chilled tomato Juice. brolled
fresh salmon steak. Harvard
beets; spicy cole slaw, warm fresh
peach cohbler.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-12-02

protest against his early envir-
onment the same environ
ment which produced a Marty
Durkin who, for his part, was
intensely proud OF his origins.
No SeIf-Pity for Marty
This is not TO say that the en-
vironment was perfect. Durkin
himself was always the first to
admit that il left a lot to be
desired. He knew all about the
evils of poverty and the de-
moralizing influence of made
quate housing. But the point is
that he didn't go around feel
ing sorry for himself. He never
allowed himself the luxury of
self-pity. Instead OF that, he
rolled up his sleeves and tried
to improve the situation by col
lective bargaining and pro-
gressiye social legislation. For
40 years he dedicated himself,
in the labor movement and in
government service, to the
cause of social justice and when
he died, few weeks ago, he
was one of the most highly re-
spected men in American pub
lie life.
II is well TO remember, how
ever, that even when Marty
Durkin was fighting hardest for
better wages, working condi-
tions, housing and recreational
facilities, he was always clear
in his own mind that these and
similar improvements are no
guarantee of a virtuous life for
those who enjoy them. He knew
from experience that, by the
grace of God, sain.s can emerge
from a drab environment and
that. in spite of the grace of
God, sinners are to be found in
every environment. no matter
how prosperous or advanced ii
may be from the point Of social
progress.
Hurhls Yet Happy
Unlike Studs Loniaan. Dur
kin had . very happy life in
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-12-02

kindergarten through the uni
verslty. It's Importance was UNI
mistakable.
= How much good will derive
from the timely appearance of
the Bishops statement remains
to be seen. Standing by itself,
the document will have a high
Importance for years to come.
Considered in relation TO the
White House Conference, one
must await the fruits of that
meeting.
The Bishops statement was
not universally indorsed. For
one thing, the organization
known as ProteStants and 9th
er Americans United for Sep
aration of Church and State Wig
orously attacked the statement.
This was to be expected. But,
since POAU seems to exist prin-
cipally for the purpose of try
ing to harass the Catholic
Church, ii is to be wondered
why the secular newspapers re-
garded its views on the Bish-
ops statement as newsworthy.
Ii would have been news if it
had applauded it.
II is more Of a mystery why
some influential secular news
papers differed with the Bish-
ops statement, for the reasons
they gave.
The Bishops pointed out that
private and church-related
schools exist by right and not
sufferanee. No one seemed to
find any fault with that.
The Bishops also said, and il
is an entirely logical conclu-
sion, that pupils attending
these private and church-relat-
ed schools are entitled to the
same health, safety and vel
fare benefits that are provided
to American youth, irrespective
of the school attended. A num-
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-12-02
Devotion to One Idea

Almost so years ago noble man leading
hermit's life atop hill in the Hudson Highlands,
which he called the Mount OF the Atonement
began a prayer crusade for religious unity. To-
day il is annually observed in all parts of the
Catholic world
Father Paul had founded the Society Of the
Atonement al Graymoor, Garrison, New York,
at the turn OF the century He was convinced
that he and his community we're called in
special way TO pray and to work for Christian
Unity. But he had few followers because his ideas
OF unity were not popular with his eoreligionists,
the members of the Anglican COMMUNION. But
for several years he had openly and constantly
insisted upon The need of return TO Rome not only
for the AnglicanS but for all religious bodies
separated from the Catholic Church. When pull
pits were closed TO him, he began a maga.
vine. The Lamp devoted TO Unity and placed II
under the patronage of Our Lady and ST. Francis,
AL the while he was still Episcopaian.
In the summer OF 1907 Father Paul conceived
the idea Of special time of prayer for Unity,
% he kept from the Feast of the Chair Of ST.
Peter at Rome January i8) to the feast of the
Conversion of St Paul January PSI. His own
faith In the power of prayer is shown by his
words: 'Is then Christian Unity visionary
dream? Will the prayer of the Son of God never
he answered? Was He lying prophet when he
said: other sheep | have that not OF this
fold, them also ! must bring and there shall be
cne fold and one shepherd Were the noun
tsins OF difficulty to he surmounted thousand
times higher and vaster than they are, God is
able TO cast them into the sea
And so in January, 1909 Father Paul and
his few followers observed the Octave for the
first time. He invited others to offer prayers.
especially the Mass and the Rosary, but there
we're no special prayers as we have them today.
But by the grace OF God the Octave has ex-
panded and developed so that now 1t is observed
TN all parts OF the world. Perhaps the most
striking proof of its effectiveness is that the very
Society which originated the Octave came into
the Church This blessed event took place on oc
tober 30 1909. The Octave was blessed by Pope
NJ. Plus x extended TO the Universal Church by
Pope Benedict XIV, and sanctioned by succeeding
Holy Fathers His Holiness Pope Plus XII will
offer Mass on January is for the intentions OF
the Octave
Father Paul is the inspiration behind the
Octave movement and he Is the model in devo-
ron 10 the Church He man of one idea OF
holy fixation. For him the cause Of Unity
vss kind OF holy passion in his life.
AT times Father Paul has been accused by
those outside the Church OF "papal emphasis"
because of his insstence upon praying for return
10 the Holy See that no Unity could be realized
without the Holy Father. Indeed this penehant
'papaI emphasis becomes badge of honor for
IL shows his loyalty to the Pope and his love
fsr the sacred office entrusted TO St Peter and
IL successors
Another Distinguishing mark the fact
that he placed the Octave under the special
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-12-02
Inquiry Corner
HeaIey'

the help OF His grace that the
inevitable temptations may mot
overcome us.
@. What is the difference b.
t40een a partial and a pLernrp
indulgence?
A. A plenary indulgence u
the remission of all tempo
raj punishment due to our sins ;
after they have been forgiven
in confession, of course. To
gain plenary indulgence the
usual conditions include confes-
sion, Communion and prayers
for the intentions of the Holy
Father We can never be certain
that our dispositions are good
enough to gain this full" re-
mission of temporal punishment
but the designation means that
it could gain this freedom from
the remains of sin" so that
If we died Immediately after we
would 60 straight to heaven.
A partial indulgence means
that we have only part of the
temporal punishment removed,
indicated in a relative way by
the number of days or years
which the Church assigns to the
practice. II does not refer 10
the number of days or years re-
moved from our time in purgs-
tory.
Q. When did the Methodist
Church begin?
A. John Wesley, the founder,
was clergyman of the Church
of England. His sermons,
writings and hymns led to q
separate church, whose mem-
bers were called Methodists in
ridicule before they assumed
the name formally. In 1749 the
movement within the Church
of England became an inde-
pendent body and in 1743 there
appeared 'The Rules of the So
ciety of the People called Meth
odists' in which it accepted
the name.
Q. What mysteries Of the
Rosary are best Dhen prny,stG
for the f0ithful depnsted?
A. There is no rule for choos-
ing the mysteries except the
general one which is suggest
ed for the days in the week:
Joyful on Monday, Sorrowfui
on Tuesday, Glorious on We'd
nesday, etc. The sorrowful
mysteries would seem to be
appropriate for prayers for
the dead. but especially in pri-
vate recitation of the rosary the
person should choose whatever
seems most appropriate to him.
Send questions to Father Ed.
ward F. Healey, Inquiry Cor.
ner, The Catholic Times, Box
636, Columbus Is, Ohio.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-12-02
That We Nav Have Hope

Sinre Advent is that portion of the Lturgieal
Year commemorating the centuries during which
Israel awaited with prsyerful hope, the coming
of the promised Redeemer, the Mass OF the Sec
onds Sunday of Advent sounds this note OF hope
repeatedly recalling the assurances OF the
prophets and their fulfIIment Thus in the In
troit we hear Isaias' words: Behold, the Lord
shall come to save the nations, and IN the
Epistle St Paul cites other prophecies showing
that by the mercy OF God the Gentlles are called
to be followers OF Christ and to be redeemed ny
Him, specifically the Apostle tells as these
things were written that I'VE may have hope
There is a message Of positive hope too, in
the Gospel containing Cbrists reply to the ques'
tion of John the Baptist, "Art Thou He Who
il to come or shall we look for another" For
the reply gives us His own testimony that He is,
indeed the promised MessiaS, since through Him
"the blind see, the lame walk, the epers are
eIeansed, the deaf hear the dead rise, the poor
have the gospel preached to them"
why then, should we not be filled with hope
ss We prepare the way" for Chrsts coming into
our hearts at Christmas? God promised man
Redeemer, who should Save the people from
their sins" the fulfillment of that promise, in
the birth Of the Savior is soon to he commemor-
ated for the anniversary OF that tremendous
event draws near: recalling this overwhelming
proof RI Gods mercy and love, hope must surge
In our hearts unworthy though we know we are
Filled with hope, then, we are to spend these
weeks Of Advent in way that reflects our spirit
ual exaltation, we prepare to welcome the
Infant Savior We to mediate on the things
written for our instruction'-the Scriptures
which nsrrate the story of mans disobedlence
and Gods mercy, the story Of the centuries of
waiting, of the lives OF holiness and justice
that were led in generation after generation dur
ing those centuries, under the inspiration of
Gods promise that Messias would be sent. We
are TO pray earnestly, remembering that mans
noblest and loftiest thoughts find expression in
prayer and that prayer is essential to our saliva
ton.
During Advent too we to do pensnce, in
accordance with the admoniton of John the Bap-
tist precursor OF Christ We are to practice char,
ity toward the needy and the unfortunate, in the
Name pf Him who was born poor and helpless.
We are 10 rid ourselves Of bitterness or hatred
toward any of our fellow men, realizing the bond
Of unity that arises from being all created
by God and that the Savior came into the world
10 redeem all. without exception.
Thus Advent. spent in hope and prayer, in
the practice of penance and charity, will ne
for ns approach to The real blessings of
Christmas
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-12-02

protection of Our Lady, to whom he gave the
new and beautiful name of Our Lady of the
Atonement, both TO emphasize her role in the
mystery of the Gross, the sacrifice of Unity, and
to stress her part in saving and sanctifying souls
1t is the hope and prayer of those promoting
the Octave that more and more of the faithful
will repeat the words of Christ, that all may
be one" and beg for the grace of unity and the
gift of faith upon the souls of men The Octave
is call to prayer--for Unity. II should be OBJ
served under the inspiration of Our Lady. II
should serve TO make men realize more and
more the truth of these words: There is no
other unity possible in the divine economy save
that which is built upon the foundation
on which Christ Jesus, the Lord and Master,
founded His Church. When you unite with
in the observance of the Chair of Unity Octave
it should be to pray specifically that all those
who are separated from the Chair of Peter
at Rome may return to his Apostolic See" Fr.
Paul.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-12-02
MONSICNOR HIGGINS
More Convincing Than Fiction

spite OF his humble origins.
Coming AS ! did from the poor
er classes" he told a reporter
not so long ago, I've had a
good life, an excellent life"
His deep humility and native
modesty prevented him from
adding that the source of his
happiness was a constant pray
er and profound attachment
to the Faith of his fathers, in
which there is no room for the
fatalism associated with the
Studs Lonigans and similar
characters of modern fiction.
Heroes From Back OF the Yards
The people of the United
States are we'll acquainted
with the sins of Studs Lonigan;
but what they badly need to
know is the beautiful love
story of people like Marty Dur
kin and Ann McNicholas, born
and raised in the same neigh
borhood as Farrell's disillusion-
ed characters. They need to
know great deal more about
the successful and virtu0us
lives of the many priests and
religious, political leaders and
captains of industry, doctors
and lawyers, butchers, bakers
and eandlestick-makers who
grew up back of the yards"
More specifically, they need
to know a great deal more
about the contribution made by
men like Marty Durkin - and
their name is legion. These
men rose above the drabness
and the limitations of their
early surroundings. Vigorously
they led the good fight on be-
half of justice for the working
man and by the grace of God
managed at the sa ne time and
despite many obstacles and dis
appointments to keep their
sense of humor.
Theirs is the story ef the
American way OF life at IT'S
best.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-12-02
RICHARD PATTEE
Christmas In Israel

this Jewishness is going to pre-
dominate in the long run 10
by no means 4 settled ques-
ton. | have referred in pre-.
vious articles to the fact there
are all gradations of Jews
from those who are so orthodox
that they refuse to recognize
Israel itself which they regard
as a paganized, manmade thing,
down to those who profess no
religion at all and to whom
Judaism is way of life and .
cause rather than q religion.
Nevertheless, there is great
deal of stress constantly on
the Jewish character of the
country and that it should be
\ breeding ground for = new
revival of Jewish culture and
thought.
The Christian occupies, st the
very best, secondary position
--one in which he is fully
aware that he is not the linfls-
ence that is moulding the land
at all.
There are around 10000
Christians according to the eov-
ernment statistics. OF these per-.
haps 13 to Is thousand are
Greek Orthodox with a sprink.
ling of Protestants. The major
ity of Christians are Melkites
or Greek Catholics OF the Ro.
man persuasion with q scatter.
ing of Msronites, Armenians,
Assyrians and others. -
Compartment in Itself
The Latin Patriarch OF Jer.
usalem is represented in Israel
directly and there is . Greek
Catholic Bishop, Msar. Georges
Hakim, at Haifa. The Francis
cans are active all over the
country, with their famous Ter.
ra Sancta College in Jerusalera
and foundations here and there. !.
There are no restrictions nr
obstacles in the way OF their.
work, nor as far rs could
judge is there any difficulty
about religious communities.
Christian schools and Hew
churches.
AS / have written before.
each religious community is q.
compartment in itself, with it's
own tribunals and laws. All
matters of personal status
come before these courts and
not those of Israel. The result
is that each community leads
more or less its own tight lit.
tie life and does not touch.
except in the purely temporal
order, any of the others.
In this manner the csthohs
Christian lives his own life.
marries one of his own, and
generally remains apart fross
the Jewish population among
which he lives. The Moslem il
also isolated, as are the Druss
and any others whose status
may thus be recognized.
In the next article | shall st-
tempt to discuss the matter ~
whether Christian mission ses
tivity is possible in Israel uAr
der the present situstior. !
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-12-02

Der of papers SHE'D editorialIy
away from this statement, and
seemingly because they con-
fused aid to students with aid
to the schools themselves. The
Bishops only spoke of welfare
grants to the pupils.
One paper fully agreed that
private and chureh-l Ella [ d
schools exist by right, but went
on to say the Bishops had car
ried their argument "a step
further" and were calling for
support of these schools by the
taxpayer. The editorial went a
great many steps further than
the Bishops did in their state
ment.
Another editorial opposed
the statement because, it said
"even a little public aid" can
not be given to religious
schools without endangering
the separation of Church and
State. Here again, things were
put in the editorial that the
Bishops did not put in their
statement.
Writers in the secular press
did not hesitate to give advice
TO delegates before the open
ing of the White House Confer
ence. They. urged them to do
something big, not to try too
much, to watch out for Federal
control if Federal aid were CIV
en-, not to be too fearful of
Federal aid, to do this, to do
that.
The Bishops statement could
have been as a cooling draught
to the participants in the White
House Conference. II is to be
hoped that the confused COM
ment of some editorial writer's
in the secular press did not in
terfere with their profiting by
il.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-12-02

eu 10 knOW.
Marty Durkin The probably
would have been known as
Paddy" Durkin if he had been
born on the 17th of March in
stead of the 18th OF March, was
born and raised in very hum
BILE circumstances within easy
walking distance of the stock
yards on Chieago's South Side.
His father worked IL hours a
day, seven days a week, at the
rate of less than 20 cents an
hour. The family lived in
very simple home in poor but
respectable surroundings. Mar
ty, the oldest of eight children,
had TO leave school at the age
of Is 10 help support the fam
lily,
As one of the popular maya
zines pointed out at the time
of Durkin's appointment to the
Cabinet, many a modern nov
elist has bitterly resented, for
three or four hundred pages at
a crack, childhood spent in
such surroundings" James t.
Farrell is a case in point.
Marty No Studs Lonisan
Farrell like the present writ
err, is a native of st. Anne'S par
ish in Chicago - hardly more
than a mile away from Durkin's
birthplace in Visitation parish.
Farreli's controversial novel,
Studs Lonipnr, was n bitter
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-12-02

If you we're to seek informa-
ton regarding the status of
Christians by looking at Is
raels basic laws, you would
discover that there is nothing
that prevents or even hampers
Christian worship or the exist
ence of Christian bodies.
The Israeli government
through its Ministry of Relig-
ious Affairs has made amply
clear that it aims TO establish
cordial and mutually beneficial
relations with the minorities:
Christian, Druse and Moslem.
Within the Ministry are agen-
cies for dealing with each OF
the minorlties. During my stay
in Israel had ample occasion
to see and talk with DR.. Chain
Wardi, who is engaged in con-
facts with the Christians on be-
half of the government, and he
could scarcely have been more
pleasant and open on all the
points we took up.
Christian News
The Ministry publishes very
excellent bulletin called Chris
tian News from Israel" which
gives a great deal of informa-
ton regarding visitors from
abroad, Christian activities of
all kinds, pilgrimages, the
building of new churches and
education. Ii is an ably edited
and very comprehensive re-
view of what is going on from
tn Christian angle within the
country. | know that much of
the information comes from
good sources and can be taken
as a serious and careful sur
vey of what is transpiring.
At the same time, there is
very fine review in French
called the Proche Orient Chfet-
len Near East Christian) pub
lished in old erusal m.
II gives a very up-to-date and
thorough report ON Catholic
life in Israel and the other
Middle Eastern countries. Be-
tween the two publications, one
manages to discover pretty
much everything that is going
on month by month.
Secondary Position
Israel is, of course, a jew
ish state and openly proclaims
itself as such. To what degree
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-12-02
WASHiNCTON LETTER
Bishops Statement q Timely Aid
WASHINGTON LETTER

WASHINGTON - When the
White House Conference on
Education assembled here this
week there was available to it
perhaps the best statement ev-
er made on a particular phase
of the general school problem.
Some administration leaders
have called the White House
Conference the biggest thing
ever undertaken n this coun-
try in behalf of education. 1t
brought together some 1000
educators and laymen from
every part of the nation. Fresh
from local and state conferences
in their respective areas, these
delegates presumably repre-
Sented much of the very latest
thought on the educational
needs of our land.
Shortly before the Confer
ence convened, the Cardinals,
Archbishops and Bishops of the
United States, assembled in
their Annual General Meeting,
adopted joint statement on
"The Place of the Private and
Church Related Schools in
American Education" There
was no relation between the
two events, except that the
Bishops picked a very timely
topic for their statement, The
approach of the White House
Conference had nothing to do
with the dates of the Bishops
meeting, The Bishops always
meet at this time, have for
years.
The Bishops statement was
almost universally hailed as be-
ing splendidly written and
highly thought-provoking II
brought together succinctly in
one place authoritative views
on segment of the national
school system which served mil
lions of American youths from
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-12-02

Q. If the cross of q rosary
does not haze the letters IN.
RI. on it can it be used? What
do, the initials stand for?
A. The beads of the rosary
must be of some material not
too easily broken and for the
special indulgenced blessing it
is necessary that the crucifix
be of durable material. There
is no rule regarding the pres
enee of the inscription LN.RI.
on the crucifix. The initials
stand for the Latin inscription
placed on the Cross at the time
of Christ's crucifixion reading:
Iesus Nazarenus. Rex Iudaeor-
unit Jesus of Nazareth, King of
the jews.
Q. Is there any difference be-
tween the Mystical Body and
the Communion of Saints?
A. The doctrine of the Mys-
tical Body refers to incorpora-
tion by Baptism into Christ as
"head over all the Church,
which indeed is His body -"
Ephesians 1:10) In his encycli-
cal on the Mystical Body Pope
Plus XII states that he is de
veloping and explaining above
all, those points which concern
the Church Militant" So it
would seem that this doctrine
refers primarily to the baptized
Catholics on earth while the
Communion of Saints Gas the
catechism states) means "the
union of the faithful on earth,
the blessed in heaven, and the
souls in purgatory, with Christ
as their Head" often spiritual
writer's will include the saints
in heaven and the souls in pur-
gatory when they speak of the
Mystical Body. If that usage be-
comes the accepted one it would
mean that the Mystical Body
refers to the Mystical Organ
ism" in which the Communion
of Saints have their union lie.
in Christ as Head.
o. HoD can ne ask God. and
lead us not into temptation"
Does God actually tempt us to
sin?
A. Temptation as an entiee-
ment to sin comes from the
world, the flesh ard the devil,
never from God. He does have
control over temutation by His
Providence and He will not per-
NIT us to be tempted beyond
our strength. In the book of
Job We have example of God
permitting the devil to afflict
and to tempt Job and we have
proof that such temptation can
add to mans merit and eventu-
al happiness. II is this outcome
that we request. We pray for