davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-14
To Preserve the Peace

In passing the $31.5 billion defense
bill by a vote of 1920, the House has
recorded an impressive Endorsement of
"the recommendations of the greatest
military expert in the world today" For
the foundations of this military appropria-
ton measure were blue printed by PreSi-
dent Eisenhower in his letter of last jan
uary to Secretary of Defense Wilson. It
was letter written, as the President then
explained, after consultation with the Ma
TONS top military advisers and represented
in the final analysis the Commander in
Chiefs convictions on how best to pre-
serve the peace" And it was in That letter
that the President proposed we should
base our security upon military formations
which make maximum use of science and
technology in order to minimize numbers
in men,"
Accordingly, it was recommended that
for all branches of the military service,
except the Air Force, manpower and dollar
figures should be reduced moderately. The
House Appropriations Committee, after
extensive hearings, accepted this advice
and the House, after full debate, has done
likewise. Obviously, it is difficult to es-
tablish any fixed set of statistics for a
decision of this nature. The exact cost
in terms of dollars or of manpower for
absolute security is hard to determine. It
becomes doubly so when it is essential
to strike balance between the necessity
for adequate forces and the comparable
necessity for avoiding an "intolerable bur-
den" upon the morale and the economy
of the country.
President Eisenhower is uniquely quail
flied through his military experience to
pass judgment on this matter and he
accepted that responsibility when he wrote
to Secretary Wilson. It was not, of course,
improper for questions to be raised on the
floor of the House. The test votes on
proposed amendments, however, reflected
the strong bipartisan confidence felt in
the Presidents judgment. 1t was Repre-
sentative Taber of New York, ranking mi
nority member of the Appropriations Com
mittee, who described the Commander in
Chief as "the greatest military expert"
The House obviously agrees and the
decision should be reassuring to the
country at large.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-14
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

songbirds in the ordinary
everyday sense. but are SO
classed in science. because Of
their throat muscles.
Science has two ways Of
looking at birds, one as mech
anisms, with so many feathers
and so many muscles, etc.
The other way is the beauty
way, as one might call it, re-
garding each as a living crea-
ture with its own habits, all
of which are right, at least
from the standpoint of the
creature.
If the observer will keep this
second way of looking at birds
in mind. he will not be per-
turbed by some of the traits
which he does not like. For
instance, he will not worry
because the female cowbird
lays her eggs in the nests of
other and smaller songbirds.
He will not be alarmed be-
cause he sees a jay chasing
some other species, or be-
cause robins seem to do
great deal of fighting at this
time of year.
The watcher will not, in
other words, take sides for or
against any species, but will
accept them all as coming
down through the ages. most
of them our friends. Many of
the States have now put all
the hawks, for instance, in the
protected list. though it was
popular just a few years ago
for farmers to kill them all.
One great Midwestern State
now allows the unrestricted
killing only of starlings, Eng
fish sparrows and crows.
The home bird friend will
do better than this, and in
clude in his list of feathered
favorites all the flying crea-
lures clad in feathers. After
all. what he is after is human
interest, as the newspaper
men say. and we can assure
any one that there is plenty
OF human interest" in all the
birds, for among them all they
include scores of traits we like
and dislike-to think of as
strictly human.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-14

Candidates for the 1856
presidential nominations of
the Republican and Demo-
cratic parties will have to
make up their minds, by the
turn of the year, whether to
follow the primary or the
convention route in search of
nominations-or both routes.
Furthermore, they will have
to decide whether to cast their
hats in the ring early or to
wait around in the hope they
will be tapped" at a strategic
time.
A compilation of presiden-
tial primary dates by Con-
gressional Quarterly shows
that voters in 10 States may
express their preference for
presidential nominees, either
in the election of delegates to
the national conventions
which nominate or in pref
erence votes, or both. These
States will have 683 delegates
in the Republican National
Convention out of a total con-
vention membership of 1900
Or more than half. A SINH
lar proportion of delegates
will be found in the Demo-
cratic National Convention.
Indiana and Montana are
newcomers in the list of States
which will hold presidential
preferential primaries next
year.
Risk to Candidate
The primary route, for pres
1dential candidates, has it's
risks. Nor does it always pay
of. For example, in 1852
Senator Estes Kefauver of
Tennessee, campaigning for
the Democratic presidential
nomination, actually won out
in II State primaries and split
even in Ohio, only to lose the
nomination to Adlai Steven
son who did not enter any of
OF the primaries. w. Averell
Hartman of New York-now
Governor - had the Empire
States big delegations pledged
to him. and Senator Hubert
Humphrey had the Minnesota
delegation. Mr.. Stevenson, al
ways a potential candidate, did
not agree to enter the lists I'M
til the Democratic National
Convention was getting under
way in Chicago.
On the Republican side of
the fence in 1852, both Presi-
dent Eisenhower and the late
Senator Bob Taft of Ohio were
entered in a number of the
preferential primaries and
each was a winner in six. The
then Gov. Earl Warren of CAL
ifornia, now Chief Justice, had
the California delegation as
result of the primary there.
Harold E. Stassen had the
Minnesota delegation - al
though a write-in campaign
by Eisenhower supporters
showed great strength for the
general.
If Mr.. Eisenhower decides to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-14
'Briefeutus'

Senator Norris Cotton is OF
the opinion that the investi-
eating committees of Con-
gress are suffering from brief
eatus: so loaded with spe-
cial brieflngs they could be
diverted from the direct.
simple reasoning of common
sense"
Is this testimony factual,
or is it the opinion of the
briefer with a little propa-
ganda on the side? Debatable.
A parade of briefers continu-
ally marches through the
committee hearings: Col
lege professors brietlng on the
philosophy of government;
diplomats on phases of world
relations; sociologists on crime,
delinquency and the psy-
Geological kground Of
racial prejudice: military ex-
perts and economists ON every
thing from atomic energy to
the stock market. Enough!
We are not behind the
iron curtain so this cannot
be construed as the old brain
wash. However, as there are
times when we appear to be
behind a lace curtain, could
we not refer to this briefiing
as a cerebral shampoo? That
sounds pretty; can't offend.
In brief, take it easy.
p. Turner.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-14
Pay Raise DELAY

Previous letters have told of
the slow action postal and
classified employees have re-
ceived from Congress in the
way of a much needed pay ad-
justment. 1t appears that every
road block in the book is
brought into use when this leg
islation is about to be brought
up on the floor If the bills
to raise the pay of these en-
ployes would have found the
smooth sailing of other pay
raises, all employees would have
had a pay raise early last ses-
sion of Congress.
1t appears that the WE'LL
being and loyalty Of these en-
ployes would greatly aid our
governmental operations. These
employees are not asking for
favors but for n justified pay
increase, as has been brought
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-14
Americans in Formosa
Thinker.

AS a native of Formosa, a
Taiwanese, I have been disap-
pointed by the unsuitable at
titude of the United States
Government toward the situa-
ton in the Far East and par
ticularly toward the Formosa
problem.
However, after reading the
story of the de Beaussets, an
American family living in For
mosa, told by Chester Morrison
in the May II issue of Look
magazine. I recognize that
there still are a few Americans
abroad, who can realize the
situation in the Orient and I'M
derstand the peoples hopes.
The de Beaussets-a con-
struction engineer from Phila-
delphia, his wife and children
have watched the changes in
Formosa land made some
themselves) for seven years.
They know the island and I'M
derstand the local people and,
by their example, "are doing
more to defeat communism
than all the speechmakers in
Washington" They have given
back to the Formosans, the
Taiwanese, the spirit and hope
of freedom and independence
that they nursed for centuries.
1t is true, as Mr.. Morrison
writes, that: 1T is a Worri-
some thing to move about the
world and discover that every
where Americans are regarded
as irresponsible children. That
may be because we do not eX-
port more de BeauSSets, with
nothing to lose but their lives,
nothing to gain but a living
and the solid satisfaction that
comes from a job we'll done
They are personification
of Point Four. They are the
translation of America"
I hope your readers will no
tice this excellent article. If so,
I am sure there will be more
and more Americans like Mr..
and Mrs. de BeauSetts every
where in the world.
One FOrmOsan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-14
THE POLITICAL MILL
WouId-Be Candidates Must Decide
By GOULD LINCOLN

stand for denomination and
reelection, it seems scarcely
likely there will be any chal-
lengers in the Republican
preferential primaries. 1t would
be a bold man who undertook
to fight it out with the
champ" in any of the l9
States, even if some of the ex-
IRENE right-wing Republicans
entered candidates. Should the
President choose not to run.
there would be interesting
primary fights right across
the Nation in all probability.
What About Stevenson?
No one knows for sure that
Adlai Stevenson will run
again. If he does, he may have
to agree to enter some of these
preferential primary contests.
Indeed. he may be forced into
them. 1t would be strange, too.
if Senator Kefauver and Gov.
Hartman of New York, and
probably Gov. Williams of
Michigan, are not entered in
a number of these races.
These primary contests run
from March 10, the date of
the New Hampshire primary,
to June 5, when California.
Montana, New York and South
Dakota have presidential polls
or elect delegates to the ma
tional convention. Mr.. Eisen-
hover scored his first success
in the New Hampshire primary
in 1852, defeating both Sem
ator Taft and Mr.. StaSsen.
And Senator Kefauver upset
all calculations by defeating
a slate of delegates pledged
to the then President Harry
S. Truman. In eight of the
so-called primary States, a
presidential candidates name
may not be placed on the bah
lot without the candidates
consent. These are California,
Indiana, Maryland, Nebraska,
Ohio, South Dakota, West Vir-
ginia and Wisconsin. States
which permit the use of a
candidates name on the pref
erential ballot or by a pledged
delegate, without his consent.
are Alabama, Florida, Illinois,
Massachusetts, Minnes ota,
Montana. New Hampshire,
New Jersey, New York, Oregon
and Pennsylvania. However.
the candidate may demand
withdrawal of his name in
Minnesota, New Hampshire
and New Jersey.
obviously, a very large num-
Der of delegates to, the ma
tional conventions are selected
in party conventions in the
States and districts. In these
conventions frequently polit-
ical manipulation is brought to
bear for this or that candidate
for presidential nominations.
Also, the cry frequently goes
up for unpledged delegates. for
an open" convention, which
in the end may be controlled
by the party bosses.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-14
Vaccine Proqrom

Inc JuSLllCaJlOn IOf Inc
Stars position on Federal con-
troll of polio vaccine would be
clearer to Philip Schitf and
others if certain basic ideas
were clearer to them.
Mr.. Schiff will not take
offense if it be noted that he
is the head of a group of wei
fare workers. (This is pointed
out by way of identification.)
The issue here is injection of
more laws and more admins
tration, Federal and State.
Mr.. Schiff would start with
Federal legislation and distri-
button to State welfare agen-
cies ION an equitable basis"
He would have Congress guar
antee shots for all from / to
10. Prices would be fixed by
the Federal Government on a
fair" fee basis. Some further
assurance, it's nature not in
Dictated, should be given to all
children. and priorities cstab-
lished Thy law or administra-
tive fiat or BOTH. Most i'm
portant," the President should
reassure the public that the
Government will do everything
in its power for providing "a
fair and equitable program"
That is his program.
So frequently the motives
and methods of those who dis
agree are questioned! Will Mr..
Schiff concede that people,
may, as he does. seek the fair
and equitable but differ on
methods?
Mr.. Schiff doesn't want to
take the chance" of black
market operations expanding.
But the element of chance al.
ways is present: Government
administration is no guarantee
against error and even fraud.
Or can only Government ad-
ministrators and social work.
ers be trusted to do what is fair
and equitable? What evidence
is there that the medical pro-
fession as a whole is unable to
police itself?
We are told that "the pres
ent situation might well dete-
rioriate to the point where a
national. scandal might result"
but submit that to advocate
such paternalism as legislative
and administrative control in
the present situation is a pres
ent scandal. 1t not only calls
for intrusion of Government
and controls by those who are
still only struggling to estab-
lish themselves as a profess
sion, but it questions the COM
petence and honesty of the
medical profession and its abil-
ity to police itself. To such
lengths would we go if we con-
sistently urged extension of
Government authority and
controls!-m laws and more
administration.
Lloyd Buchanan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-14
Secondhand Store
The dust Of time lies heapv on

The dust OF time lies heavy on
these things.
Poor shabby trophies OF
once.happy years:
The tGttered sofa Nth its
broken springs.
A bureau blistered Wtth old,
Garped UeneerS.
The hands that held these fra
ollie cups for tea
Are rigid noW in their most
final pose:
Nop all prospective buyers
seem to see
Are yellowed cracks beneath
the painted rose.
These ,Dedding gifts. this hope
chests UiSttul dream,
Are here for sale: the pub
lies ,Uide domain.
But nothino'S lost, for some
one will redeem
This loot for castle In an
other Spain.
Frederick Ebrisht
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-14
WHITTIER STREET.

Dear Sir:
would you kindly let me
know what is the best bird
book to buy for this locality
and where I could buy it?
1--WE feed the birds and
squirrels and this year We
have some birds that come to
feed that are strangers to us.
"One is a large bird with
red on head and a large black
spot on breast that drills in
the ground.
Another is about the size
of a robin with colors some
what like a robin but it's breast
is white and tinged around
with red and its head is black,
coming down like a hood.
And we have another that
has a topknot, but is gray,
with a little pink tinge near
the tail. 1t is about the size
of a cardinal, maybe a little
smaller.
Yours truly, GRIM"
The bird with red on the
head and a black spot on the
chest is the flicker.
1t is a great eater OF ants.
The second species is the
towhee, one of our most beau
tiful birds.
The third is the tufted tit
mouse.
These are all favorites in
our suburban sections. The
towhee, in particular. is a
wonderful creature, sometimes
remaining all winter.
One of the best reasons for
establishing a feeding station
right outside a window is that
it gives one such a good and
close view of this beauty.
The flicker, with his insatia-
BILE appetite for ants, which
he will take from the lawn or
a crack in the sidewalk, is a
real personality. He. too, is
a favorite of everybody.
AS for the titmouse, he. with
the chickadee and the white
breasted nuthatch. make up
the best of all possible bird
trios.
1t is a question, in the mind
of the average locker. whether
the chickadee or the titmouse
is the best"
Perhaps it is best (no pun
intended) to keep free from
dividing the birds into best"
or most beautiful" or most
interesting" and take them as
they come, as Gods little chill
dren.
AS for the best" book, you
do best to look the available
ones over in the store, and
take your own choice.
Among the most popular are
the guides OF Roger Torey
Peterson, along with many
others which have been pub
lished in recent years, and all
Of which are good.
The necessary thing is to
see that somewhere the book
says it is for the songbirds Of
the East.
Usually such a book COR
tains listings and pictures of
the water birds, hawks and
owls, all Of which are not
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-14

Dental Fees

Without holding any brief as
to the question of whether
dental treatment should or
should not be valued at $50
an hour. I wish to take issue
with the letter by Julian C.
Holmes, who evidently knows
very little of the training
needed in the professions
which he mentioned.
To set Mr.. Holmes straight
in this regard, I ask him to
consider the following as the
correct time element in at
tanning certain graduate de-
greeS:
Both medical and dental
training follow exactly the
same time standards the law
setting minimum of 2 years
undergraduate study followed
by 4 years of professional
schooling. Most modern medi-
cal and dental schools prefer
graduates of colleges with BIS.
or ABB. degrees, which means 8
years of college before attain
ing an M. D. or D. D. S. degree.
Specialist training, following
an internship, is a recognized
procedure in dentistry as well
as in medicine, and may mean
from 2 to S years of further
study before entering private
practice.
No other profession can COM
pare with either medicine or
dentistry in the 10 to Is years
of training thus completed by
the well-rounded physician or
dentist. The legal profession
does require 7 to 8 years OF
study, but the graduate lawyer
is then ready for the practice
of his profession and needs no
internship. To acquire a Pho.
does not entail 8 years. since
most college graduates can
manage it easily in 3 more
years or Z in all. It is true that
college teachers and even col
lege presidents are not the best
paid individuals in the world,
but there again the difference
lies in the advantage Of a
steady job and fixed income
against the more hazardous
but more lucrative value OF
private enterprise.
Arthur Merrill,
BIS, DDS, F1.A.A.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-14

I am writing to add my
congratulations to those that
you already have received on
your editorial, Cheers for
Murder!" AS Miss Maria Ric-
ciardelli states in her letter
published Sunday, "as long as
we have judges who release
juveniles with a smile and a
pat on the back we are
going to have child crime,
and no ones life or property
will be safe. Our tender
hearted latter-day Solomons
seem to overlook the fact that
you are just as dead when you
are killed by a child as. when
you are killed by an adult.
This whole wave of child
crime started when our I'M
balanced theorists took the
part of children against their
parents. substituting Thou
shall honor thy son and thy
daughter" for the Fifth Com
mandment.
Thinker,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-14
Japan Can Bargain

More spectacular diplomatic develop
ments in Western Europe, along with con-
Germ over the troubled situation in South
Wet Nam, have served temporarily to
divert attention from another important
international problem. 1t is that of Japan
particularly it's economic requirements
and it's future relationship with Commu-
mist Asia on one hand and with the United
States on the other.
Economic preSSures are eXerting a
tremendous influence upon Japanese poll
tics and policies today. The overpopu-
lated and highly industrialized island en-
pire needs greater export markets for its
products, in order to finance essential i'm
ports of foodstuffs and raw materials.
Nearby Asia is natural Supplier to Japan
as we'll as potential buyer of its goods.
Expansion of this trade so much of which
might be with Communist-controlled
countries, cuts across Japan's postwar for
eign policies and it's close relationship with
the United States. And to us, Japan is
vital link in the far Pacific island chain
of political and military defense against
Asiatic communism.
The present japanese government
came to power last February on the
strength of campaign promises to pursue
a more independent" national policy
meaning, in essence, greater "independ-
ence" from the United States. Since then,
tentative agreements have been reached
on the extent and the financing of Jap
anese rearmament Basically, the govern
Of inr Hof &c
lean but it is clearly more inclined than
its predecessor government to work out
modus vivendi with Soviet Russia and Red
China. The internal economic and po-
litical considerations are tending to force
this course.
On June !, Japanese and Russian dele
gates open negotiations in London on
renewal of formal diplomatic relations and
perhaps peace treaty. Japan is expected
to ask settlement of disputes over fishing
rights, repatriation of war prisoners and
perhaps the return of some of the northern
islands. AS means of enticing Japan
away from its American alliance, or at
least increasing it's neutralism in the cold
war, the Soviet Union may make attractive
concessions on some of these points.
Meanwhile, although the Hatoyama gov
eminent has given no indication it con-
templates diplomatic recognition of the
Communist regime in Peiping, the pressure
for an expanded trade relationship with
Red China is mounting. Earlier this
month, an unofficial business mission
signed a $168-million commercial agree
ment with the representatives of Peiping
While the trade may not reach this value,
the deal reflects the hopes of certain Jap
anese business interests.
In its new sovereignty and its i'm
portance in the cold war, Japan is in a
strong position to bargain. Indeed, it
needs to do so for its own sake. 1t seems
fair to believe, however, that Japan pre-
fers to maintain its close alliance with the
United States. The basic common interest
is freedom. And the means of preserving
it is a mutual problem that calls for the
most careful consideration in both Tokyo
and Washington.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-14

solved. The mud and other contamination
are subjects Of special studies by group
of civic-minded residents and businessmen
in the Rock Creek valley. Rock Creek
Day will have been well worth while if it
results in greater public appreciation of
the park and more active public support
of community efforts to clean it up.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-14
By THE HAsKIN SERVICE

@. approximately how much
gold is produced throughout
the world in one year?--T. 4. S.
A. Exclusive of Soviet Rus
sia. &c million fine ounces
we're produced in 1854. This
represented a substantial gain
over the 1853 total, which
was 24l2 million fine ounces.
A large proportion OF tins
gold flows into official none
tary reserves Of nations.
Q. Are radar speed meters
used in New York City?---
6. B. l..
A. Yes. New York has pro-
vided for their use. A team
Of two cars will operate them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-14

Pen-nameS may be used II
letters carry Driters' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to con-
denSdtion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-14

out time and time again in
hearings before the COM
mitteeS.
B. E. CreaSman.