davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-10-30

opera fame, wore her famous
square-cut emerald. . inches by
3 inches and surrounded by dia-
monds. She wore : black velvet
gown encrusted with silver.
Ropes Of beautiful pearls
adorned the throats Of Mrs.
Perle Mesta and Mrs. Leon Bar
zin, daughter Of Mrs. Post. who
wore al lexquisite cream satin
and lace Dior evening gown.
Former Secretary Of the Air
Force and Mrs. Harold Talbot
came from New York for the
party. Mrs. Talbot did an effec-
tive job as chairman Of patrons
before she left Washington.
Baroness Silyercruys. escorted
BY her husband. the Belgian
Ambassador, was wearing q
beautiful turquoise taffeta even
ing gown and diamond neck
lace and earrings.
Mrs. Morris Cafritz descended
the red-carpeted stairs in one Of
the most dramatic gowns seen
Ithere--a black and white satin
sheath and stole. embroidered
with silver.
A Brilliant Event
Two United States ambassa-
Idors to foreign countries were
present. Ambassador and Mrs.
e. Corrin Strong. Who are on
vacation from his post In Nor
Evening star., 1955-10-30

as the 10Th anniversary year OF
the symphony. At $25 q throw.
the bejeweled and be-satined
gathering featured a Chinese
auction which drew bids Of sew
eral hundred dollars a clip ON a
1856 Packard 400. which cost
$500. In q Chinese auction,
each bidder has to pay the full
amount of any and all raises
whether or not he ends up with
the car.
This method raised close to
$4,000 last year.
Sparkling Jewels Abound
A fabulous fortune in jewels
was paraded about during the
cocktail hour on the throats oil
some Of the best-known women
In the East. The cocktail event
in the Continental Room pre-.
ceded the seated dinner in the
hotels colossal new ballroom.
The ballroom was converted
into an exciting color scheme oi
red and white and silver, the
silver to denote the silver an
niversary Of the orchestra.
Mrs. Merriweather Post. hon
orary chairman of the ball, wa:
gowned in pink and gray lace
which she highlighted with an
Incredibly magnificent necklace
Of huge. pear-shaped enneralds.
Mrs. Clarence Mackay Of New
York. the former Anna Case Of
Evening star., 1955-10-30

,and her husband. Mf. Robert
six: Mrs. Lucius Boomer. Elsa
Maxwell. the Greek Ambassador
land Nine. Melas and Undersec-
Iretary Of State and Mrs. Robert
Murphy.
The British Ambassador and
Lady Makins dined with Mr.. and
Mrs. Benjamin Thoron and the
Albert BoWleys had among their
guests Mrs. Alfred Irenee du
|Pont, Sir Carl and Lady Berend-
son.
Mr.. and Mrs. cafritz invited
the Spanish Ambassador and
the Countess Of Motrico, Justice
and Mrs. Tom G. Clark. Deputy
Attorney General and Mrs.
William P. Rodgers, Mr, and
Mrs. Richard Ney and Viscount
and Viscountess Nova del Rey.
And with the Robert Gugeen-I
helms were the Swedish Ambas-|
sador md Mime. Bohemian, Gen.
and Mrs. Omar Bradley, the
Austrian Ambassador and Mrs
Gruber and Mr.. and Mrs. Elo-
yius Mangor.
The Italian Ambassador and
Signora Brosio. the Italian Min-
ister and Signora Ortona. the
Belgian Minister and Nine. Dau-
frasne and Mr.. and Mrs. Chad
Calhoun made up Mr.. and Mrs.
Oscar Cox's table.
Other table holders included
the Hugh Dufiields, Mr.. and Mrs.
Daniel Bell. Mr.. and Mrs. Charles
Thomas Clagett. jr.. Mr.. and Mrs.
Orme Wilson, the Arthur Card
ners. Mr.. and Mrs. Charles C.I
Glover, jr.. the Cyrus Chings,
Mr.. and Mrs. Samuel II. Kauff-
mann. Mr.. and Mrs. LawlorI
Reeves, Ambassador and Mrs. I'll
Corrin Strong, Mr.. and MRS.
Leander Mccormick odheartl
Evening star., 1955-10-30

lway. attended the brilliant event
las did Ambassador to Luxem-
Ibours and Mrs. wiley Buchanan
Mrs. Buchanan was wearing
Ian exquisite Fontana gown o.
Lavender and blue net and an
lemerald necklace.
valerian Rybar Of New York
made the striking decorations
without cost.
After the shrimp course. Mrs.
Post stood up on the podium
long enough to welcome the
guests and their support Of the
symphony. She gave particular
credit TO that human dynamo, .
Mrs. Philip q. Strong, chairman
LOT the bali.
Vice Presidents Message
Then she introduced the mas
ter Of ceremonies. Mr.. Clark
Clifford. who read q message
from the Vice President extend-
ling the greetings and best wishes
Iof President Eisenhower.
Mr.. Clifiord also said, r am
happy toannounce that the Fire.
stone Tire and Rubber Co. is
meeting Gil the bills OF this bali
leo that whatever we realize win
be net profit. That happened
Through the interest and loyalty
LOT our friend. Mr.. Harvey Fire
stone. jr."
Scores Of NotabIes
So many luminaries from
washington and New York So
lciety were scattered throughout
the ballroom. that there was
hardly Q table not In the vIP
category.
At Mrs. Mesta's table were the
famous stage star, Ethel Norman
Evening star., 1955-10-30

land Nh. and Mrs. Edward 4,
Finkenstaedt.
The George McGhees, she
wearing q stunning sheath Of
Damascus brocade. also took
tables. as did the Noel Macys,
Mrs. Gilbert Hitchcock. Mr.. and
Mrs. Andre de Lirnur, Mr.. and
Mrs. Jouett Shouse, the Clark
lClidords, Lady Lewis, the Ed
ward Foleys. Mr.. and Mrs. Fred
Ierick Seaton. the Charles
Willises. Mr.. and Mrs. Robert
Amory. jr.. the Nell Phillips.
Seen In the tilrong also were
the Stewart Alsops. the Scott
Evening star., 1955-10-30

IApplebys. Gen. and Mrs. Max
well D. Taylor, the Carson Fraii.
eys. Mrs. Phillip q. Strong. the
Hobart Spaldings. Mr.. and Mrs.
John w. Hanes. jr.. Edgar Nor
ris. the Venezuelan Ambassador
and Sonora de Gonzalez, Mrs.
Randall H. Hagner. the Taylor
CheWnines. the Belgian Ambas-
sador and Bafoness Siiyercruys,
Mr.. and Mrs. James I. Hougil-
telling. Undersecretary Of State
and Mrs. 10y Henderson. the
Wiley Euchanans. Mrs. Harold
Coolidge. Mr.. and Mrs. John H.
Kaufman.
Evening star., 1955-10-30
LATE SOCIETY NEWS
Symphony Ball Is City's
Most GIitterinq Event
Nv BETTY REALE

The largest and most gttering collection Of socales
to turn out III the Nations Capital assembled last night
for the second annual National symphony Ball
Washington cultural carriage trade dressed to the mines
In white tie and tails hocked to the sheraton-Park Hotel
for the fundraising benefit that being celebrated
Evening star., 1955-10-30

ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY 75 Edgswood Street NE. Hudson $500
Evening star., 1955-10-30
No other automufie washer like II!
now The &C FILTER.FL0 WASHER WORKS

now The G-E FILTER.FL0 WASHER WORKS
This new General Electric Washer circulates and fill
ters your wash water at the rate of six gallons per
minute to give you winter, brighter clothes
AS the Filter-Flo Washing System circulates the
soap scum floats away lint is trapped in the filter.
Big CAPACITY, TOO!
This new GE has over 5O more clothes capacity than
many other automatics.
G-E Mix.or-mateh COLOR CHOICE
See GE Automatic Washers and Dryers in canary
yellow, turquoise green petal pink cadet blue and
woodtone brown. Also In white
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29
Texans Make Photostot
Of Lond Scandal Minutes

AUSTIN, Tex, April 90 (P).-
State Senator HJimm Phillips
proceeded today with photo
stating Of the minutes Of the
standardized Texas Veterans
Land Board.
Senator Phillips seized the
books by subpoena yesterday
after Gov. Allan Shivers and
State Attorney General John Ben
Shepherd complained that they
were incorrect and said they
wanted them changed.
Senator Phillips said his action
was Ito make certain, in the light
of recent developments. that
there is a permanent record of
the minutes as they were origin
ally entered"
A determined investigator of
the veterans land scandals that
have resulted in nearly 200 in
dictments. Senator Phillips per-
sonnally carried the books from
the State Land Office to the
Capitol.
The Land Board Wednesday
ordered correction of the min
utes of about 80 meetings since
August, 1949, on complaints that
the records kept under former
Land Commissioner Bascom Giles
did not reflect exactly what
had transpired at the meetings."
Mr.. Giles is one Of those under
indictment, charged with theft,
conspiracy to theft and accept
ance OF a bride. Others charged
in connection with the $500
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29

million program, which the Leg
islature has made motions to-
ward expanding. include land
dealers, attorneys and notarys.
Aff1davits fled by Gov. Shiv-
erS and Mr.. Shepperd-also
members Of the exofhcio land
board along with Mr.. Giles
questioned entries in the min
utes.
Land Commissioner Earl Rud-
der, appointed by Gov. Shivers
to succeed Mr.. Giles, told re-
porters he had no intention of
"obliterating" anything in the
records. Corrections would be
made, he said, by marginal
notations.
The land program first was
set up as a $25 million device to
help veterans of World War II
and the Korean action to buy
farms at low interest on 40-year
loans. Later. the legislature
raised the program to 500
million.
Grand juries have charged
that some land dealers bought
large blocs of land at low prices
and through connivance later
obtained State appraisals greatly
exceeding the lands worth. THIS
land then was sold to groups of
veterans with the State under
writing the payments.
Some veterans have testified
that they didn't know they had
made application for the land
purchases but thought they were
signing up for a bonus"
Evening star., 1955-02-13

sea, began loading at 7 am. on
February 10.
They lined up, and at $3.50 the
little control boats gave the signal;
Start the run to the beach.
The first line surged forward.
gained speed, and adjusted ranks like
a squad on drill field. Two minutes
later, a second line formed, followed
the first. Then many more.
Twenty thousand men of the Sd,
4th and 5th Marine Divisions swept
on toward the surf line.
For Is minutes it looked like a
walkaway. Then the japanese
reused themselves. Here and there
at first, then in mounting fury. their
shells crashed down.
In an hour the Marine position
was desperate.
In the next four hours, Two Jima
almost turned into a disaster.
To move at all from sheltering
shell crater meant the odds were
you'd die. Cries for Medical Corps
men came from everywhere,
The fire came from the escarp-
ments, the high ground, the airfield
perimeter, caves and hidden gun
positions.
The Slaughter
The Japanese couldn't miss. But
the Marines moved forward, from
shell crater to shell crater in
great leaps, shooting as they went
and taking terrible losses.
Tanks were knocked out. But the
tankers stuck with their vehicles.
firing as long as their turrets would
turn. Then they leaped from their
vehicles, took rifles from fallen COM
rades and became riflemen.
Evening star., 1955-02-13
Present Levels

The Library Of Congress report
estimates that, in terms of 1928
dollars, the Soviet gross national
product was about 80 per cent Of
the American. CThe period of COM
parison is July l, 1852 to June 80.
1889
In absolute terms, the 1928
United States GIMP was roughly 1855
billion, compared to the USSR's
$110 billion.
Conversion of rubles to dollars is
a staggering job, of course, partly
because of the whimsical intricacy
of the Soviet price structure. The
Library of Congress economists
admit these comparisons are still
more of an art than science"
Few other economists have even
attempted the task. But COMPARE
son of 1858 production by Harry
Schwartz lin RasSiG'S SoUiet Econ
omy, second edition, just published
by Prentice Hall, using millions OF
metric tons and billions of kilowatt
hours as measurements, showed
,.o,,ol,I,, eopoa +hin0.
Evening star., 1955-02-13
The Assault
By Rehord FnkIund

As final figures on the 1855 Soviet
budget arrived in this country last
week, three important things be-
came clea1-to the extent that any
thing was clear In that statistical
jungle:
Q The Soviet consumer never had a
chance to get all those nice goods
high Communists talked about.
o The average Russian will give up
more of his income to the govern
ment this year than before.
Q That IL per cent increase in the
Soviet military budget, reported
when the early figures became avail
able, probably is only q change IN
bookkeeping.
To understand how these conclu-
sions can be reached, 1t Is necessary
to understand the Soviet budget
which is a document considerably
different from the budget President
Eisenhower sent to Congress last
month.
Thousands Of Budgets
The American budget merely de-
scribed what the Federal Govern
ment intended to take In and spend
In the coming fiscal year. The So
Wet budget, however. describes most
of the income and outgo OF the en-
tire country. It includes the budget
of the central government, the bud
gets of the different Soviet ire
publics" (Ukraine, Georgia, Aver
baijan, etc. and the budgets Of all
provinces, districts and towns-ac-
tually thousands of budgets in one.
The American Federal budget
accounts for less than 20 per cent
of the gross national product. In
Russia. where the Communist gov
ernment owns almost everything.
produces almost everything and
hires almost everyone, the central
budget is much more important.
1t covers 90 per cent Of the gross
national product. Most Of the re-
mainder Of the national economy
still is made up Of State-owned
enterprises, but because they are
self financed, they do not appear In
the budget.
Spending In the Soviet budget
can be divided into five major cate
gories. The most important to Amer
ican observers, of course, is defense.
The items 1t includes also would
be carried a. defense in the Ameri-
can budget, but many additional
projects which we would consider
defense are scattered through other
sections Of the Soviet budget.
'Soeiol, CuIturor Items
For instance, in the social and
cultural category are included mill
tary education. military pensions
and military scientific research.
Under national economy" come not
only agriculture, transportation,
communication, housing, etc.. but
also some military development.
The fourth major category is
administration" including money
for government departments, GER
sonnel, supplies, etc.
The fifth category 10 usually Ia
Evening star., 1955-02-13

beled residual or secret" by for
eign observers. 1t is the portion
of total spending not accounted for
in the breakdowns. About half Of
this spending has been pin-pointed
by close students of the Russian
economy, but the rest remains a
mystery.
Hidden Items
Almost certainly, however. the
hidden spending is military in ma
ture-atomic energy. work on spe-
cial weapons, research and develop
ment.
Obviously then, look at the de-
fense category alone tells one only
part Of the Russian military story.
That partial story got close atten-
ton when the budget first was re-
vealed two weeks ago. The result
was a conclusion that military
spending will jump IL per cent
this year (the defense category in
1854 was 1908 billion rubles; the
VO1d1 tAAlS yCuA WALL NC AAS.o bhAOA''
A later study noted several things
that altered that conclusion First
the total budget did not show rise.
1t was almost the same as in 1854,
about 563 billion rubleS.
Something Hod to Give
To add II per cent 10 military
spending. some other category must
have been cut. But national econ
omy" was up 6 billion; social and
cultural was up almost 6 billion
and administration" dropped only
l billion.
The secret" category. however,
was significantly smaller. The un-
accounted-for expenditures had
dropped % billion rubles. And the
cuts came in the portion thought
to be military in nature.
1t is believed now that Soviet
military spending this year will be
roughly the same as last. Some
secret funds merely have been trans
ferred into the open categories. pos
sibly representing chanseover from
Evening star., 1955-02-13

advisers expect the Nations GIMP to
expand at an average of per cent
a year until 1870. This. of course,
would be a very satisfactory peace
time rate of increase, enough to
raise the GIMP to $500 billion by
1870. No depression is foreseen.
None of the experts expect the
Soviet Unions expansion rate to fall
behind the United States. But the
Library of Congress group-which
rates as an optimistic observer
dares to expect that the Kremlin
rate will settle down to about the
same as the United States s'-about
4 per cent. The panel goes even
farther. 1t think the gap between
gross national products might widen.
given unfavorable developments in
the Soviet Union.
A Pessimist's View
DR.. Jasny takes sharp exception
to the Library groups protection
of a per cent expansion rate. He
expects it to be Z to rs per cent,
which is tremendous difference.
One gets a better grasp of the
meaning Of this disparity if one
considers that, under the Library
of Congress groups formula, the
Soviet Union would require II years
to double its gross national product.
but only 10 years under DR.. Jasny's
projection.
The root of the experts disagree
ment lies in varying judgments on
the Soviet Unions performance
since 1948. Past performance. Of
course, is the only basis on which
forecasts can be made.
The Library of Congress panel
concludes that Soviet industry ex-
panded 10 per cent each year from
1948 to 1850, 6 per cent annually
from 1850 to 1858.
DR.. Jasny believes the Soviet Un-
ion attained a much greater rate
of expansion-13 per cent annually
from 1948 to 1850. and 8 or per
cent from 1850 to 1853.
so Per Cent-or 43?
Stating it another way, DR.. Jasny
credits the Soviet regime with hav-
ing raised its gross national product
by close to so per cent from 1948
to 1883 while the Library of Con-
gress panel thinks the expansion
has been only 43 per cent.
Most observers agree that as the
Soviet economy grows, its rate OF
expansion will decline. But since
DR.. Jasny believes the decline has
started from a higher rate. he ex-
poets a settling down at to rs
per cent per year, instead Of 4 per
cent.
When will the Soviet economy
catch up to the United States?
That day is too far into the future
to foresee. With automation and
atomic energy looming unpredictably
on the horizon, it would be rash to
try looking beyond 1860 or 1865.
even if one assumed there would be
no war. purge or depression. BY that
time the Soviet Union may have
doubled its output, but it still would
be only 70 or rs per cent of Ameri-
can production in 1928.
If one stops here the picture does
indeed look hopeful for the United
States, provided. of course, no de-
preston develops.
Evening star., 1955-02-13
Rate of Growth

Most students Of the Soviet scene
are agreed that the United States
gross national product has not
grown at as fast rate as the Soviet
Unions has recently. That is the
most ominous portent in the survey.
AS for the precise Soviet expan-
sion rates. however. experts differ
significantly about both the recent
past and the future. (All their fore
casts assume there will be neither
war nor widespread purges such as
Stain imposed. in the 1930's. al
though last weeks events in Moscow
raised doubts on these points)
There is, Of course. no guesswork
about past American output. Since
1913, the United States gross ma
tional product has increased at these
va rvinO ratAS.
Evening star., 1955-02-13
Red Budget Deceptive Il Per Cent Rise Isn't Necessarily So

a developmental to q production
stage In some projects.
The Russian man in the street
who examines the 1854 and 1855
budgets also would find that trick
cry has been practiced. He would
realize that the great increase in
consumer goods his bosses had
promised him last year had never
been planned for in the budget.
Heavy industry will continue to get
first call on the ruble. The bits and
pieces of better life that Ivan was
handed last year apparently never
were meant to be more than just
that-bits and pieces.
Actually, total investment will be
down slightly from last year. That
apparently represents some move
ment from development into pro-
duction of military hardware. The
proportion of investment in heavy
industry itself will be up slightly
(from 40 per cent of all investment
last year to So per cent this year..
A little money will be taken out Of
such things as housing and trans
portation. and probably production
Of consumer goods will lose just a
little capital.
Not only will the poor Russian
have no more to buy, but he will
have less to buy it with. For the in
come side of the ledger shows this
will be an austerity year.
Revenues
The Soviet Union gets its income
from five principal sources: A sales
tax, applied at the manufacturing or
wholesale level, a profits tax that
would correspond to the American
corporate income tax, a direct per-
Evening star., 1955-02-13
By Robert {. Ford

Ten years2 Was 1t 10 years ago
that the Japanese. snug in their
caves, safe behind their gunports.
looked down on the Americans from
the high ground on that evil island
of Two Jima?
Ten years next Saturday, the cal
endar says-February 10, 1945.
Two Jima is tame. peaceful, al
most deserted island now. But the
Robert {. Ford. o Morine Eeutenont at the
bottle Of Two Jimo. is now on Associated
Press staff writer at DoIIos. Tex. He
recolis one Of the eostEest engagements
Of World War u on the occasion Of lwo's
tenth ennNersoH.
raw feeling Of that patch Of ground
still lies in the hearts Of the men
who fought there, and sometimes
chance word freshens the wound.
Now and then on bus. or in an
Office, or among fellows having
beer, someone will speak the name
of Two.
And who can say how many men,
now in or nearing middle age,
awaken and toss the night away as
the horrors Of that black and treach-
erous island stalk through their
minds again?
Evening star., 1955-02-13

asked" to buy more government
bonds. and he will have no choice
but to comply. At the same time the
secret portion of the unidentified
revenue category will go sharply
down. Since it is suspected that this
revenue boils down pretty much to
the simple printing of money and
creation of credit, then the Soviet
Union will have less money IN circu-
lation.
The Effect
The effect will be: More Of the
average mans income will go to
the state. less money will be in
circulation, and buyable goods will
be in no greater supply.
At this point one may well ask,
how does all this Soviet spending
compare with spending in America?
One may ask. all right, but there
Is no chance of getting precise
answer. For no one knows.
There simply is no way of making
an exact comparison. No one knows.
Tor instance, what ruble is really
worth. Officially it is 25 cents in
International exchange. But within
the Soviet Union it is worth varying
amounts under different circum-
stances. There is no free market
to test its real value. 1t may be
worth cents to a consumer, full
quarter to some producer. What a
tank really costs the Russian army
is unknown to us.
A Soviet budget, then, is valuable
mostly for comparison with previous
Soviet budgets.
And comparison Of 1855 with 1854
indicates the worker in the workers
paradise has farther than ever to 60.