davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-10-02
By MARGARITA DoBERT

The wheels Of West European
industry are kept turning In In
creasing measure BY West European
oil. Last year set . record for new
wells brought IN and 1855 promises.
to be even better.
Germany today produces one
third Of her crude oil requirements,
Holland one-fourtf1. France hopes
To- produce one-fifth within four
years, and italy dreams even Of
becoming an exporter.
Here Is q survey Of European
oil production, based on latest
available data:
Germany
4 Germany Is the biggest producer
In western Europe. Almost 10 mill
lion barrels Of oil was produced
there Id 1854. According to experts,
there are proven and probable re-
serves in Germany. Of almost half
a billion barrels. The bulk Of this
lies In Northwestern Germany,
but OIL has also been found near
Munich and IN the middle Rhine
Valley.
The conditions for Oh prospecting
were most unfavorable In Germany.
Hitler. desperately trying to become
independent Of imports, ordered the
search for oil, regardless Of excess
sive costs. Under pressure Of war.
over million barrels were pro-
duced IN 1910.
But the real oil boom did not be-
gin until after the collapse Of the
Third Reich. on installations
tmiraculously or otherwise) had o.
capped destruction and work was re-
sumed Immediately after the war.
FFdncs.
Frances OIL production has quad
!, rupled III the last four years and Is
expected To double again HI 1865
to reach 10000 barrels per day.
This Is largely due to the discovery
by ESQ Standard Francaise towned
by Standard Oil. Gulf Corp. and
French inyestors) Of oil I1a miles
down in the PARENTS region. south
west OF Bordeaux. The biggest oil
well ON the continent. 1t compares
favorably with the larger American
strikes.
Holland
Holland. which produced no oil
Evening star., 1955-10-02
b OVID A. MARTIN

The possibility that President
Eisenhower may not run again has
cast an air Of uncertainty around
future Republican farm policies.
Political and farm leaders gener-
ally agreed that as long IS the
President occupied the drivers seat.
most Republicans would stand firn
behind the new farm program Con-
gress wrote into law at Mr.. Eisen4
l1ower's request.
This law features flexible farm
price supports as contrasted with
Truman era high. rigid supports.
greater dependence upon farmer
initiative and greater governmental
efforts to boost farm markets.
The q. o. r. program has been
under sharp attack BY Democrats
and some Republicans, who con-
tend It Ii inadequate to assure pros
porous conditions for farmers. Re-
cent declines in farm prices and In
come have injected the program
into the preliminary skirmishing for
next years presidential campaign.
But now that the Presidents IN
ness may keep him from seeking re-
election, or possibly even from exer-
cising vigorous role in determining
future party policies. there Is spec
ulation that the Republicans may
change their thinking on the farm
issue and come up with new policies
designed to prevent possible farm
vote revolt next year,
BY the same token, the position
OF Ezra Taft Benson as Secretary
of Agriculture would appear TO be
weakened by the political
possiDilf q the Presidents
Withot doubt. the President has
been the ,arty,s strongest supporter
Of Mr. tnson. who has been
controvef lal figure almost from
the start. On several occasions
when Mr.. Benson was under at
tack hA some members Of his own
party. the President expressed fun
confidence in his farm chief and in
the flexible price support program.
Influencing the President In this
direction has been the advice Of
his farm minded brother, DR.. Mil
ton Eisenhower. president Of Penn
State University and . top Agri-
culture Department ofiicial back In
the days Of the Roosevelt admin-
istration. The President was
known to rely heavily on reccrn-
niendations Of his brother In agri-
cultural matters.
In fact. Or. Eisenhower has been
credited with suggesting Mr.. Benson
for the farm post and with joining
the latter tn recommending present
farm programs To the President.
But should President Eisenhower
decide against seeking re-electi0n.s
Secretary Benson and his pro-
grams doubtless would face much
stronger opposition within the
@. o. r. than at present. While
agreeing that perhaps the present
party farm policies might be q
handicap In next years election.
many q. o. r. leaders had taken
the position that Mr.. Eisenhower's
popularity would carry the party
70 victory again anyway.
Evening star., 1955-10-02
Presidents Illness Causes
Uncertainty on Farm Policy

But should the Republicans have
to turn to someone else to bear
their standard. there undoubtedly
would be 3 strong demand within
the party particularly from Mid
west farm belt Republicans that
the party greatly modify It's pro-
grams so as to make them more
appealing to farmers.
Al strong bloc In the q. q. ri
joined Democrats In the last session
Of Congress TO push through the
House i measure that would have
repealed the flexible supports and
restored the higll supports IN eject
during the Truman administr ration.
This measure may be one Of the
first bills to be acted on by the
Senate when Congress reconvenes
ID January.
The next two or three months
could wen be critical ones for
Secretary Benson and his programs.
Even while Republicans were going
on the assumption that Eisenhower
would be their candidate again. the
party leaders ncluding those at
the White House had reached the
conclusion that emergency or
temporary measures would be
needed to strengthen farm income
before voting time next year.
Week before last. Mr.. Benson.
promised that specific recommen-
dations would be submitted TO Con-
gress to accomplish this. but he
insisted that there would Be no
abandonment of present policies.
He indicated IN attempt might be
made To boost farm income BY
paying farmers subsidies to take
surplus land out Of crop produce
tion. Heavy surpluses were blamed
for fam income declines.
The recommendation promised
by Mr.. Benson must be agreed upon
before the end Of the year II they
are to be laid before Congress at
the beginning Of the session. It
is quite conceivable that these
recommendation may have to be
arfived at without the Presidents
active leadership. II appears pos
sible that his physicians may
greatly limit the Presidents ACTIVE
titles for weeks ahead IA develop
ment which could well leave to
others the final making of decisions
on farm matters.
IN this connection, reports cir
culating IN political circles indi-
cate that Mr.. Benson does not
favor going as far moneywise In
paying farmers to take land out Of
cultivation as an inconAe-supple-
menting measure as do some in
fiuential Republicans in and out Of
Congress who have expressed
concern over 1856 election pros
poets.
1t is possible that these Repub-
licans might exert stronger in-
fiuence on administration recom-
mendations to Congress. with Pres
ident Eisenhower on the sidelines.
than II he were actively in charge
Of administration policy making.
~ ne Associated Prsss
Evening star., 1955-10-02
New Europeon Oil Wells Bring
Dreams Of SeIf-Sufficiency

before the war, brings In some S
million barrels q year at present.
Soon after Hitler occupied the
country In 1910 he began looking
for oil. It was found IN 1913 ia
SchoOneek, near the German bor-
der.s The Schocneek OH fields are
today the largest single oil-produc-
ing area in Western Europe. worked
on 3 $3.50 basis by Standard Oil
and the Royal Dutch Shell group.
It Is an ironic footnote to history
that Hollands peace time economy
profits by her former conqueror's
frantic search for oil.
itoIy
Quite different Is the situation In
italy. The 20 Valley has the richest
oil beds Of Europe. OIL has beea.
discovered In half d dozen areas an
the way down to Sicily. There Is
enough to feed Italian industry and
agriculture, TO finance large scale
social reforms, to reduce Italy's
$7O0 million trade deficit. Yet,
50 far most Of the oil stays UNDER
ground. and gasoline In this poten-
tial Texas costs 80 cents 4 gallon.
To blame are italian laws which
scare investors away. Enrice Mat
tel, yboss Of ENI, the Italian state gas
and oil agency, insists -and he has
large parliamentary backing -that
only the state should exploit the
nations resources. Yet, oil pros-
pecting Is expensive and tricky.
Four-fifths Of all wells dug are dry
and only 9 per cent pay for the
cost Of drilling. Only one strike In
thousand Is really big. Mattei's
agency has neither the technical
equipment. the know-how nor the
extensive capital that is needed.
SO far. ENI has brought In only d
triclEle.
III Sicily, Gun Italia. subsidiary.
Of the Gulf OIL Corp, found Oh
where ENI had unsuccessfully pros
pected. The same thing happened
on the mainland 100 miles east Of
Rome.
Western European production is
still small in terms Of the world
totalonly 2.s per cent. But it
supplies already 1877 per cent Of
West European demand. According
to the experts, eventual oil self
sufiiciency for Europe is not Just
dream.
Evening star., 1955-10-02

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naaklkls = wy slss.
Unlike many crsisades. tnls one
has the support q nearly everyone.
The whole idea-reI1oying sums
injecting new iife- blood into : Sex
city economy, and especially eivine
new face to the Nations Capital,
fred enthusiasm from the Start.
N October, ly0S, altei seyeIhi
years g interagency skl,InlsnIns'
the National Capital Piennmg Con-
pians Is &c first bite. Il was { big
one. 56 acres Of Washingtons worst
slunns y . section Just southwest
Of Capitol Hiil.
To-Day, there's q ofamasle ennnge
l1 those 10 acres. now known -
Area 3.
f you drive through the railroau
ur1derpass down Eourtn street s.W.
aeLaa -
and turn ieis on nye ssfse.. a s0u ", ~ ~
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'--1s, 7,,,ss rs 8 Ans T.his q sInm clear
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Progress Report
The answer Il that redevelopment
4 v,cving i,Ist ahol,f. as fast--cor,-
q s,S;sr;yc tl,s rynhlerns a should be
.s,,,,,s e~,,ect,ss Z, ! - IS 8
Tl,sre bas been DELAY some 81 ii
..s,ssd 10 interarer,ev hickerinr
mt s. 80 there are two real reasnns re.
dsvelorment tales =, ions.
I.
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plussssass y, o.s.s.s.ss aa ", -
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cenEfateS SuEh new ana l1f-fedck-
Evening star., 1955-10-02
By BEM PRICE

Nv MEM kMAGE
After priding itself for years on
being strictly q volunteer outfit, the
Navy has run up the distress signal:
II Is starting to draft some Of It's
sailors.
Some 10000 recruits are to Be
called up IN November as the Navy
resorts 10 Gelective Service for the.
first time since World War u. when
all the services were under orders
70 get their men BY the draft.
Behind the decision lies the fact
that skilled men are leaving the
Navy far more rapidly than they
can be replaced. even though oyer-
al manp0Wer requirements are
being cut IL per cent, to 657 900.
Last year 126. .7D3 men were
separated from the Navy and only
l2.8s5 Of these lO.2 per cent re-
enlisted.
Sixty per cent 81 the Navy's en-
listed men are due for discharge
within the next two years. and not
many are planning to stick around.
An 0fiicial Navy spokesman said
before the draft decision that II
the trend continues there Is d real
danger the United States, win have
neet Of first-class ships with
sec0nd-rate. green crews.
Technicion shortage
What really hurts is the de-
parture Of technicians. Only per
cent of the petty ofiicer electricians
and only IL per cent Of the ap-
prentice electricians re-enlisted last
year. whereas 80 per cent of the
stewards mates shipped over.
Overall. only Ill per cent Of
the second -class petty ofiicer and
Us per cent Of the ttird-class petty
ctiicerS re-eflisted. These are the
ranks from which the Navy draws
itsE highly skilled men FOR the future.
Taking note OF such statistics.
Admiral robert Carney said before
his recent stepdown rs Chief of.
Naval Operations: .The low eniisf-
rnent rate Is . new and diflclilt
experience for US.
on the fourth moor Of the Penta-
gon there IS q slender former Meu-
tenant commander who Is as close
to the problem as any admiral. He
is Albert Pratt, "a. an ex-investment
broker who q year ago was named
Assistant Secretary Of the Navy
for manpower.
Since he took on this Job Mr..
Pratt has subjected the Navy TO a
stem to stern inspection. He travels
almost constantly from station to
station. As much as anyone he
knows what Is going on inside the
minds Of the enlisted men-and
maybe those Of their wives too.
The Womon's Angle
Often Mr.. Rratt's wife travels
with him. She meets with enlisted
Navy WiyeI over coffee 10 md out
what they're peeved about.
For some reason. I" says Mr.. Pratt,
sWonlen will talk more freely to
each other than men do
Mr.. Pratt thinks he knows why
men are leaving pay. prolonged
sea duty. shortage Of housing. lack
Of medical care for dependents,
and lack Of prestige or public ap-
probation for the uniform.
Right now he Ii trying to get i
message through to the Nayy's gold
braid.
Il think we are going to have
q married mans navy instead Of
. bachelors" !" be said In an inter-
view, "and we Are going to have to
adjust to that.
The assistant secretary pointed
out, for example, that rs per cent
iof the Navy's second class petty
officers are married Back IN the
1905 and '3Os the average was 25
per cent. And often family life and
naval careers pull IN opposite di-
recti0ns.
The Nays world commitments
are such that tw0-thirds Of Its men
Evening star., 1955-10-02
Navy Can't Get Volunteers,
Is Forced to Coll on Droft

are on sea duty at all times. Some
men spend up to n years at sen
before being granted two years Of
shore duty.
Mr.. Pratt said q survey Is under
way to increase the number of
shore billets and that q program
Of scheduling ship rotation y In
the works so q man can make
definite plans to be with his FAM
lily.
Sill . Big Navy
Even 30. II still takes q given
number Of men to man the Navy's
1,Ii2 ships on active duty all
around the world from Japan
through the Persian Gulf--and ..
man aboard ship Is q man away
from home.
The Navy generally blames the
Nations prosperity, too. for the de-
parture Of personnel. although MI.
Pratt believes the pay angle Is ex-
aggerated.
Al Navy petty officer first class.
who is married, has no children and
has served six years and one month
In the Navy earns $500 i month Il
he is at sea. II he is ashore his
pay rises to $403 q month. including
his ration allowance. In addition,
the Navy provides free hospitaliza-
tion, 10000 free life insurance and
retirement and pensions after 20
years
BY way Of comparison. q civilian
adio-television repairman. whose
job closely resembles that Of . Navy
radarman, earns about $3.50 q
month il he works for one Of the
larger concerns in the Washington
area.
Teams are nov travelling
Throughout the Navy to put across
the point that Navy pay compares
fayorably with civilian pay.
The Officer Problem
The manpower problem isn't cons
fined to enlisted men. The Navy
also Is having difiiculty finding first
rate officers who want to make the
service q career, and this sometimes
affects the outlook Of the men serv-,
ing under them. IN talking with q
number Of sailors. I ran across d
I complaint something like this:
These boot trecruit} officers
worry more about themselves than
they do the men or the Navy.
They're just time servers. They've
got TO serve two years and they
really don't care.
Mr.. Pratt said this leadership
problem is getting attention from
the top Navy brass, and whenever
q ship has q low re-enlishment
rate there are questions. Some-
times 1t may be considered re-
fiectipn on the commanding ofa-
GERS ability.
Mr.. Pratt, who is not given to
hand wringing. believes that IN the
long run the trend away from the
Navy as q career for young men
win be reversed: that the ranks
win again be Qlled by volunteers.
\ But the fact remains that year
ago there Was waiting list Of
applicants and today there Is, no
waiting list.
A recent survey Of 400 men who
were leaving the Navy showed that
81 per cent listed interruption Of
family life as one Of the reasons
for their departure.
Mr., Pratt hopes the measures
now in effect or planned win take
some Of the edge on that conn
plant, although as long as ships
60 to sea, somebody's family life
win have to be interrupted.
The biggest reason listed BY the
departing sailors. however. was hn
even tougher Jolt for q service
that grew up on the volunteer sys-
TEN: Eighty-seyen per cent Of the
I men said they simply preferred
civilian life.
{ And that. precisely. Is where the
draft comes In.
tHy tho Associated Pressl
Evening star., 1955-07-10
IF YOU LIVE IN YOUR
Phone ST. $500
TODAY-SUNDAY

An Engineer will size the telephone and for
pick the TODAY deliver
schedule Free Home Survey by Appointment
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-25
BY JAMES E. ROPER
Star Staff Correspondent

BANDUNG, Indonesia, April
25.-In seven dramatic days the
peoples of Asia and Africa be-
came a world force.
AS of now. they are not a
great power. But from today on
the worlds diplomats must take
into account the fact that the
30 nations which met at the
unprecedented Asian African
conference relish the idea that
they are on the move. with the
ability and determination to in
duence the course of history
In what direction they will
move is yet to be decided. Com
muniSt China tries to pull the
bloc one way. Countries such
as Turkey. Pakistan and Iraq
resist. midas Jawharlal Nehru
cries that Asia and Africa will
not be camp followers of either
the Soviet Union or the United
States.
This group Of nations-sir1ply
on the basis that they are mostly
have-not countries can lay
aside many of their disputes and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-25
3d. 0. Train Rams
Freight; z Injured

HAGERSTOWN, April Is (P).
Two crewmen were injured to-
day when a Baltimore & Ohio
diesel freight train plowed into
the rear of a standing Western
Maryland freight, derailing one
engine and seven cars. The
Western Maryland's two-track
main line was blocked.
The B. g. o. engine and two
cars left the rails along with
the caboose and four cars of the
Western Maryland freight, spill
ing coal, and tearing UP the track
about six miles west Of Hagers-
town.
Injured were the B. g. o. engi-
neer, L. H. Duvall. So. of Cum
berland, who suffered a broken
arm and other injuries, and
Firemen r. j. Grabenstein, 43, of
Cumberland.
Railroad officials were unable
to explain Immediately what
caused the wreck.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-25
DC. Woman and Escort Held
In Pennsylvania Student Riot

Miss Swami was told. after a
lecture, to 60 home to Washing
ton, and Heuser. a Pennsylvania
alumnus and salesman, was fined
$40 plus $3.50 costs.
Police Sergt. Theodore j.
MARITIME testified at the hearing
that Miss Swami, at the height
Of the melee, shouted:
Get the badge numbers of
these buns and Wen have them
fired"
Heuser, Sergt. MARITIME told
the magistrate. squared off on
several policemen"
The disturbance followed
PENIS second straight victory
Saturday in rowing race
against Princeton and Columbia
in the Child's Cup Regatta.
Most of those arrested were
released after a lecture by
Magistrate Ellick.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-25
Gasoline Dealers Protest
Cut-Rote Sale to Public

Charges that certain major
oil companies and some taxicab
companies here are selling gas
oline at a cut-rate price to the
public were laid before a House
Small Business Investigating
Subcommittee today.
The charges were made by
officials Of the Metropolitan Re-
tail Gasoline Dealers Associa-
ton.
They charged that such sales
to the public of gasoline bought
under a special contract at a
lower wholesale price was in
violation of such a consumer
contract.
Documents filed with the sub
committee by the associations
President John S. Costello. a gas
station operator, were in the
form of receipts showing pur-
chases of gasoline at taXicab
stations by persons unauthorized
to do so. Also filed with the sub
committee was a photograph Of
purchases being made at a cab
station where a sign invited the
public to buy.
Subcommittee CHI a firm a n
Roosevelt, Democrat, of Califor-
mia, asked If the dealers associa-
ton planned to complain to the
Federal Trade Commission as to
alleged violation. Horace Walker,
executive director of the associa-
ton. in reply, said such a COM
plant would be filed with the
ETC.
Mr.. Costello charged that such
commercial consumer contracts,
such as those to taxicab or
fleet organization specify that
the motor fuel purchased under
these contracts is for use and
resale only to vehicles owned and
operated by the buyer"
THE major oil companies"
Mr.. Costello charged, are aware
that they are a party to a viola
ton OF the Robinson Patman
Act" In such cases as he out
lined to the subcommittee.
The subcommittee heard FIVE
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-25

the aggregate goal this year is
$12,870.786.
Chest drive goals are not the
aggregate needs of the member
agencies. They are set on the
basis of judgment as to the
amount that can reasonably be
expected to be given.
In the fall of 1858, for ex-
ample, the goal was put at 81
million. This was needed to de-
fray operating expenses of the
100 or more Community Chest
Federation member agencies in
1854. The amount raised was
$3,860,810, which made it ap-
See CHARITY, Page "A
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-25
Senate Votes
Home for Acc

The Senate without recorded
objection today passed and sent
to the House bill authorizing
the construction of a $40 million
new home for the Atomic Energy
Commission.
The building would be located
on q suitable site in or near the
District. to be selected by the
Atomic Energy Commission.
The report on the bill, spon-
sored by the Joint Committee on
Atomic Energy. specifics that the
location should meet reason
able dispersal requirements" n