davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-10-30

no crisis Id agricultural supply, nor
does It appear likely that any re-
volt win occur.
Did anything saw change my
preconceived notions about Russia?
! suppose that there was d more
relaxed attitude with foreigners
than ! had expected. For instance,
at the University of Moscow 4 Rug
sian economist told me: Just be-
cause you are ! capitalist and am
q Communist, that doesn't mean we
have to spin each others blood.
answered that the capitalism
he was thinking about disappeared
from America 20 years before the
Russian revolution.
He surprised me by agreeing, and
saying: Marx wrote for 1870, not
1885," 1sthoueht this quite an ad-
mission from 4 stalwart young man
who firmly believes In the 1Commu-
mist system. Before my trip / did
not think any Russian would take
such q liberty on Soviet soil.
Evening star., 1955-10-30
An Aristocr0cy With
Lirnitless Privileges
nv PATRICK ]. KILLINGS
Republican Representative
NHfh ralff0YFffn fIfekPfef

M
In my opinion the decision of the
Russians to allow American visitors
to enter the Soviet Union Is merely
another tactic In the cold war.
In my conversations with Com
rnunist leaders In the Soviet Union
and the satellite countries ! did not
find any basic changes In their de-
sire for world domination. 1t
appears that the growing military
strength of the United States plus
the determination OF the Eisen-
hover administration TO stand firm
against the Reds has caused them
10 smile and issue D few visas.
II would be folly for us to regard
the smiles as an indication that the
leopard has changed his spots.
! visited Leningrad, Moscow. Kiev
and Odessa and i've satellites: Ru-
mania. Hungary. Czechoslovakia,
Poland and East Germany.
] was allowed to visit q collective
farm. the Stain Auto Works In
Moscow. movie studio, an agricul-
tliral fair and the Kremlin. could
move freely about the cities so long
as ! did not trespass on obvious
military installations.
The ordinary Russian on the.
street was reluctant to converse
with me. consequently 1t was neces-
sary to gain their confidence by
subtle means. used my portable
transistor radio and polaroid CAM
era which develops Q picture In one
minute 10 arouse curiosity and start
b conversation with the group OF
people which inevitably gathered.
I was able to surmourlt the lan-
guage barrier BY using German. In
Russia quite q number OF people
know that language. Despite my
repeated requests I was never al
lowed TO visit q typical Russian fam
lily In It's apartment.
It was my conclusion that the
Russian people are basicaliy friend
! " TO the United States but their
government gives them little oppor-
tif1ity 10 know Americans and how
we live.
Russia Is land of contrasts and
anomalies. / was surprised to note
the sense Of hurnDr and pleasant
ness exhibited by the individual
Russians. They are not as somber
as ] had originally imagined them.
Il Is interesting to note also that
Russia Is not the classless society
portrayed by Communist propa-
ganda.
The Communist Party leaders
constitute an aristocracy with limit
less privileges There Is. special
traffic lane painted in the middle
Of principal streets in Moscow re-
served for use OF the comnnissars.
They drive ut q fast rate Of speed
down this lane disregarding traficl
signals.
Imagine the storm OF protest
which would arise II We were To al
low our Government ofiicials the
same privileges on Pennsylvania
avenue.
Evening star., 1955-10-30
Intensely Serious
And Earnest Attitude
by THOMAS G. HENNTNGS
Democratic senator From Missouri

democratic senator From Missouri
When / left Finland, after having
been an American delegate ia the
Interpa arliaSnentary Union Confer
ence In Helsinki. / went to Russia
Of my own expense. On the basis
Of seven days In Russia. do not
profess TO expertness on Russian,
relations with the United States
and the West. nor do ! 6ffer any
sweeping recommendation on our
foreign policy.
see two possible significant
points In Russia's permitting more
American ofiicials to visit this year.
In the first place, think II indi-
Gates that since the death Of Stain
and since the period Of Govern
ment-by- Committee or by the Pre-
sidium." there is d great deal more
relaxation throughout the Soviet
Union.
In the second place. / think it
indicates q growing realization by
Russian leaders that since, In the
past, so much Of their production
has gone into military goods, they
must now develop better relations
with the rest Of the world: because
they need more diversified products
and need TO improve their trade re-
lations with other countries, as well
as to expand their production. both
industrial and agricultural. by
means Of better technical processes
and understanding OF modern and
advanced methods.
MY short visit in Russia was
spent mostly In Leningrad and
Moscow, although I did have an
opportunity to nee the country be-
tween these cities and around each
Of them. In all, ! Travelled about
5000 miles In Russia.
In tho time ] waa N the Doyist
Evening star., 1955-10-30
here Is No Change In
Their Objective
By MILTON &. YOUNG

kepupucan senator from M0f1h DAKOTA
/ came back from the Soviet
Union convinced that for the time
being, at least. there ID o decided
change in attitude on the part of
the ruling class.
Prior to the time Of his death,
Joseph Stain ruled Russia alone.
He brooked no interference. The
Russian government now appears
to be on 3 more cooperative basis
internally. BulRanin. ] believe, has
the top position; Khrushchev is an
able spokesman and apparently
second In command. The National
Presidium undoubtedly has more of
q say than previously.
The Russians are more confident
now. They have nuclear weapons
and planes to deliver them. They
lack great deal or refinement In
living. but they have the necessities.
The Russian change In attitude
Is indicated by the very fact that
Members Of Congress and others
are being granted visiting permits.
Who would have believed six
months ago that q group Of United
States Senators would visit Rus
sian atomic energy plant as we
did? s
The reasons behind the new RUS
sian policy remain 30 be disclosed.
Our own attitude should be one
Of courteous, but cautious friend
ship.
II NE continue TO maintain
strong national defense and are
fair but firrn in our relations with
the Soviet Union, chances for q war
between us win grow even more
remote.
The relaxation Of travel restric-
tions is part Of the more friendly
attitude now being exercised by the
Soviet Union. Perhaps they realize
that they may have more to gain
by this approach than by the
striccer, more aggressive attitude
they have followed in the past. ]
am sure there Is no change In their
overall objective Of communizing
the world. However, to accomplish
that I don't think they are as will
ing to face up to the war as they
once were.
/ visited only In the Moscow re-
gion. although there was a stop
over in Kiev.
There was no dificulty ili mixing
with the average Russian citizen.
The people had a much more
friendly spirit than I expected to
find after years Of american
propaganda. Those individuals
really indoctrinated with Commu-
nisrn found more unfriendly. more
arrogant.
had often been told there was
food crisis in Russia. think this
overstates the case. OF course.
they could use good deal more
food commodities, but they have
enough OF the necessities to main
tain vigorous activity on . ma
tional level,
While the economy Is very far
behind our own. 4it Is moving ahead
faster than ! thought possible In
Communist setup. particularly In
industry. Socialist experiments are
not faring AZ well In farming and
business. but ] was impressed by
Evening star., 1955-10-30
Economic Status
is Being Improved
by HENRY DWORSHAK
Repuhlican Senator From Ydnhn

fs ~ =
Soviet strategy To encourage ex-
change Of visitors Is understandable
when It Is revealed that economic
conditions In Russia are not acute.
Undoubtedly Russians have had
distorted impressions OF our systcm.
and they want the facts. Likewise.
Soviet leaders are proud OF indus
trial and agricultural progress in
their country. and they want Arneri-
cans to ascertain these facts. AT
grass roots In Russia, people should
be fayorably impressed that Alneri-
cans want To become better ac-
Quaintkd.
visited only Moscow and en-
yirons. including an atomic plant
located. about three hours motor
drive from the city. Plane trips from
Berlin to Moscowsand from Moscow
southwest to the border provided
views Of farming areas.
No restrictions were placed On our
visits. and we talked with people
on farms. factories and III market
places, rs well as with several Lead
efs. Language barriers imposed
\ some landicaps, but assistance of
interpreters helped materially. Peo-
pie everywhere were cordial and
friendly Russians were curious.
but they reflected inmistakabie
respect for the visitors.
had assumed that the friendly
post-G Geneva attitude was actuated
BY imminent economic crisis In
Russia. I had expected to see au-
sterity II not actual privation. Gen.
eral conditions are not nearly as
good as In this country, but eyi-
dence was convincing that their
economic status is being improved.
] have not changed my opinions
about communism. Whether il be
by force. persuasion or conversion.
It Is apparent Soviet leaders are de-
termined TO expand Communist In
fiuence because they have faith Ia
their kind of government.
As evidence, ! refer to significant
comment made BY Khrushchey to
five Senators in the Kremlin Sep
tember IL: We do not expect 10
convert yousto communism: you are
hopeless. But We think that Ii YOU
and your children do not accept
communism. possibly your grand
children may do 10. Communism
viii penetrate any curtain and viii
finally triumph. Nothing il more
honorable than to bring about Z
Communist society which Is better
for the individual !
To counteract this long-ran
planning. we must maintain strong
military and economic prepared
ness. Americans should have even
greater faith In our system Of con-
stitutional government.
Evening star., 1955-10-30

prefer would be. We want peace"
It u almost impossible to reach
conclusion about Russia, because
It Is 4 country Of extremes. Some
things they do very we'll. but Ia
other respects they are behind the
United States. The Communist sys-
TEN seems too complicated. and
lack Of Individual initiative seems
10 hinder certain development.
Quite. obviously it Is not q classIess
society. Certain people drive auto
mobiles. wear good clothes and live
ii big apartment buildings.
believe. official delegations should
continue to be exchanged. but We
should demand for our delegates
In Russia the same treatment theirs
receive here. / strongly recommend
that entertainers such as SYM
phony .orchestras. jazz bands. sing
ers and dancers. depicting American
culture be sent TO Russia. ! do
not believe. however. in such deals
as the exchange Of the foreign road
show Of Porgy and Bess for their
ballet.
Evening star., 1955-10-30
I heir Smiles Policy
Is Calculating
~ ESTES KEFAUvER
pemocrstse Senator Prom Tennesses

/ spent more than two weeks In
Soviet Russia, visiting Leningrad,
Moscow. Stalingrad, Oder, Sacchi.
Kharkcv, Kiev and 8 number OF
smaller cities and towns. ! was al
lowed 10 90 almost anywhere ]
pleased, except behind the Urals
and 10 the Baltic States.
Ny impressions Of Russia come
from four sources: The excellent
technical briefings BY experts ct our
Moscow Embassy. background talks
with the Moscow press corps. ex-
changes Of information with other
visiting foreigners. plus what saw
and heard.
Permitting Westerners to visit
Russia this year Is part Of the RUS
sian warm war. Their smiles"
policy, begun long before Geneva.
Is as calculating and as precise as
their cold war planning.
Stains aggression and isolation
had forced the West into creating
NATO. alerted France. italy and
Western Germany To Hussia's aims.
and has united the free world
against her. The new collective
leadership evidently feels q hew tack
is called for.
Experts believe Etalin's anti
Americanism never cut very deeply
into the Russian personality. The
Russians ] met were friendly, ex-
trernely curious and anxious TO
know about America. They know
very little about the outside world
and ask all kinds OF questions. They
want to know how we live, how we
work, and IL we really want peace.
Whenever an American automobile
appears land this happens only in
Moscow--dozens gather around to
look at the gadgets and open the
doors. On planes and in hotels
many borrowed my magazines Just
to look at the pictures.
ALI my contacts in Russia. with
the exception OF my meeting with
Messrs. Bulganin and Khrushchev.
were with ordinary people. These
contacts, however. were limited
somewhat by the Language barrier.
Russia Is not the place to 90 for
q vacation. Conditions there are
austere. but I found no starving
multitudes. Her heavy industry is
good, but birdened by d cumbeE-
some bureaucracy that saps per-
sonal initiative. The country Is ex-
trenely short Of consumer goods.
Lighter industries. like textiles, are
far behind Western standards. Re-
strictions against religion have been
relaxed. but powerful sanctions still
exist to keep all but the aged from
attending church. Resistance to the.
regime seems strongest among the
small farmers. but the Soviet faces
Evening star., 1955-10-30
Economy Is Stronger
I han ! Hod Believed
BY j. ALLEN FREAR, Jr.
Yyen,oerakic senator Prom Delaware

our two-engine Russian COM
inercial plane, minus seat belts.
moved swiftly eastward at . low
altitude toward Leningrad and
Moscow. The passengers on board
were mostly Europeans and
Orientals.
It seemed strange flying into the
heart Of the USSR. The issuance
Of d Russian visa for the trip was
possibly intended as an outward
sign Of Soviet friendship toward
the West la the spirit Of Geneva. !.
It could also be cover-up while
the Kremlin corrects internal prob
lens.
In any event, on landing. there
was no aniInosity Instead, con-
genial atmosphere existed among
the Russian people contacted on the
streets. III the shops and in the
Catholic, Protestant. Jewish and
Russian Orthodox churches which
I visited In the Soviet capital. The
average Russian citizen seemed
curious In b friendly way toward
Americans. No fear or wariness
about talking to foreigners was
observed. mingled freely ID such
places as the Krer1lin museums,
the agricultural fair. the theater.
3 department store and IN the long
! lines Of people waiting 70 view the
tomb Of Lenin and Stain.
IN D Krenlin conferences room
i've American Senators talked with
BuIganin and Khrushchev, Rnssiass
current leaders. The Red chiefs
indicate that the Soviet Union is
quite self sun but would favor
increased East-West trade. They
desacnstfste unfiinching belief In
Lenin,s type Of communism and
whatever their secret reaction may
be. the average Russian citizen goes
along or ct least shows no sign Of
revolt.
On leaving Russia for Prague ]
carried the impression. that the
Soviet economy Is stronger than 4
had believed.
Tht atmosphere I'M Moscow was
brighter than In zechosl0vakia,
where the shops are scantily filled.
the streets nearly bare Of cars and
where the grim and unhappy Czech
people seem to live under the con-
slant silrYeillance Of the secret
police.
Evening star., 1955-10-30
Too Much Suspicion
On Both Sides
BY ALLEN j. ELLENDER
Democratic senator From Louisiana
f,halrfnan. Agriculture Committee


without IN any manner attempt
ing to speculate as to why the So
viets have decided to permit Alneri-
can visitors. particularly officials Of
our Government. to visit Russia,
future events may prove that their
decision was moIilentous one--a
decision that could mark the be-
ginning of q program which, II used
to our advantage. might lead TO. q
permanent peace.
It is my sincere belief that there
is entirely too much suspicion exist
ing on both sides of the Iron Cur
tain. further believe that every
effort should be made to dispel It.
An interchange Of delegations Is q
good way to accomplish that end.
We know that all our prepared
ness efforts have been directed for
defense only, and If we could con-
vince the Russian people note +
said people. of that simple fact,
it is possible that tensions could BE
greatly relieved. In any event, our
approach should be founded on 9
sincere effort to teach the Rus
sian people more about the people
Of the United States how We live,
the things we believe in, and, Of
course. our desire for peace among
all nations.
Unfortunately. did not have
time to visit all Of Russia. did
get to motor for some 400 miles IN
Moscow and its environs. ! went
to Kiev and to Odessa. ! visited
hospitals, schools. farms and COM
mercial establishments. AL Of which
were government owned. and op-
Grated.
without exception I found the
ordinary Russian citizen hungry Tor
facts about the United States. The
peoples Of Russia know only what
their Communist masters have
taught them about our country.
and most OF that Is untrue. Many
asked the question, why are you
building so many air bases around
our country?' ! could not deny
that we have such bases. but ! as
sured the Russians ] met that our
aims were not aggressive.
I came out Of the USSR with the
feeling that 1t would not require
much effort on our part to con-
vince the vast majority Of Rus
slams that our way Of life is far
superior to theirs. Visitors from
here should not go to Russia merely
to md fault and criticize. although
there lis much there to be critical Of.
Rather they should say to the peo-
pies OF Russia. .your way Of life
may be acceptable 10 you. but we
are certain that II you tried ours
you would find 1t better. Look at
what It has done for us look at
the freedoms we have. the stand
ard Of living We enjoy. and the
multitude Of other advantages we
possess. =
We must remember that In no
way can the Russian system
economic or political stand COM
parison with our own. Nov that
we have an opportunity 10 lay our
way Of life beside theirs and submit
them both to the scrutiny 81 the
Russian people. ne must make the
most of 1t.
We have everything TO gain and
nothing to lose. III d
Evening star., 1955-10-30
na. But the man spoke with great

Ing. But the man spoke with great
sincerity.
Whether the Russians are sim
cere or not, only time viii tell. We
should not be naisled BY pious pro-
nouncenents and platitudes OF
peace. Works are more powerful
than words. and at the bar Of hti-.
man justice Russia must be judged
not BY words that are spoken, but
by works.
Nothing ! saw or heard III Russia
changed my thinking, but my visit
strengthened my belief that slaves
shall never be able to conquer free
men. nor shall Goddess people ever
be able to destroy the altars OF
christianity.
Evening star., 1955-10-30
tmosp here Was That
OF Prison Camp
By HAROLD D. COOLEY
Denaoefasic Representative.
<th North Carolina District
Chairman. Agriculture COMMITTEES

t
recently had very brief So
journ In Russia. was glad TO have
an opportunity TO see some Of the
things behind the Iron Curtain.
In LeninRrad the atmosphere was
that Of A prison camp. There was
absolutely no evidence of happiness
or contentment. People were busy,
to be sure, but everyone appeared
to be subservient to q master. The
master. Of course. Is the state.
did not see smile on the face
OF 3 single Russian, nor did any
Russian appear to have even
small degree OF happiness In his
heart. All Russians appeared TO be
economic slaves, living under 4 sad
and sorry system Of government.
They have been deprived Of every-
thing that makes life worth while.
The pride of ownership has been
taken from them. The inducs-
ments Of individual initiative have
been destroyed.
Everything Is deteriorating In
Leningrad. A beautiful city on q
hundred islands shows no signs Of
progress. Women are stevedores,
living q drab and dreary life In the
somber atmosphere Of q cemetery.
Moscow Is the 'show window.
Stain and Lenin are on display In
q case Of glass In q tomb Of marble.
The atmosphere of Moscow Is diff
ferent. The Russians really have
something there 10 show. Any
Member Of Congress who visited
Moscow and did not take the time
to 90 to the Agricultural Fair missed
the best thing that Russia has to
offer. In Moscow the Russians have
the greatest agricultural fair In al
the world. II Is magnificent, spec
tacular. and almost beyond descrip-
tion.
Also outstanding Is their beautiful
university with magnificent physi-
cal facilities. gardens and grounds.
It Is the most impressive building
In All their city.
But the Russian system of farn-
ing, just as It's system OF govern
nlent, Ii depressing and depiorahle.
There Ii no freedom. The people
are enslaved and imprisoned in q
great nation that should be q vital
part Of the free world. The Rus
sian people are not alert. alive and
dynamic. They are sad and uIi-
happy.
All the Russians I met appeared
to be most friendly. In Moscow we
went Just about wherever we WANT
ed to go. The Sunday was there
we visited three churches Russian
Orthodox, the Catholic Church and
a Baptist Church.
We did not try to zee Soviet ON
cials, Actually. our visit to the
tomb Of Stain and Lenin was
prompted by morbid curiosity. /
did have an opportunity TO visit
with members OF Q thirty y-man dele
cation representing the Supreme
Soviet at the meeting OF the Inter
Parliamentary Union In Helsinki.
They all spoke OF peace and friend
ship. They denounced war and
said that they did not want any
part Of 1T.
The chairman Of the delegation,
in the middle OF q speech at lunch-
con, said Il do not believe In God.
You have no right to try to make
me believe In God You can believe
In God II you want to. but why
should we kill each other because OF
our beliafsT 10 me this was araAR-
Evening star., 1955-10-30

Union, although we did have q
chance TO wander freely into the
stores. there was little opportunity
to mingie with ordinary Russian
citizens; and the language BARRED Is
8 real obstacle. Of course. to . free
interchange Of ideas and Informs
ton.
Since understand there Is D law
In the USSR which prohibits
Russians from telling foreigners
anything not strictly In the course
of business. we found even the
guides and interpreters assigned to
us quite uncommunicative.
was also impressed BY the In
tensely serious and earnest at
titude Of the men and women as
they 60 about their work on the
farms and In construction and
manufacturing.
In general, would say that
despite the seemingly friendlier at
titude of the Russians. as reflected
in their permitting ofiicial visits
and In the press treatment Of
American, affairs and American
people. there Is no reason to believe
that they have abandoned Com
innnism nor that We can relax our
own vigilance.
We can only strive 10 build some
measure of friendly cooperation
between peoples q the result of the
mutual interchanse Of visiting del
esations. This Is. after all. the only
hope and foundation for lasting
f,eace.
Evening star., 1955-10-30
Ilat .heIr lndustrlal iacilitlss are

what their industrial facilities are
producing.
We overrate the Russians In some
respects and underrate them In
others. Militarily 1t is probably
safer to overrate them . bit. as ]
think we are now doing. They have
gained d great deal Of confidence
In the past 10 years. They are be-
ginning to feel more assured about
their own strength and their place
IN the world.
Evening star., 1955-11-06
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Evening star., 1955-11-06
AuToMoslLEs FOR sALE

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Evening star., 1955-11-06
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