davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-03

Q. HoW do we Explain to non
Catholics that litdnies are not
''tdin repetitions What is their
origin? Which ones are approved
for public services?
A. The response of the people
to the invocations of the litany
are no more repetitious than the
chorus of . song. 1t is simply q
practical method by which the
whole congregation can partici-
pate in public prayer. 1t was
(used in the Old Testament times
we see from Psalm 135 where
each of the twenty-seven verses
ends with the words For His
mercy endureth forever" In the
first centuries the church used
litanies during the Mass and the
Kyrie eleison is a remnant of
the professional litany of the ear
liest Christian times. Before the
time of printing it was the most
practical way for group par
ticipation in varied prayers where
the celebrant introduced the var
ious invocations and the people
responded with simple and easy
answers. There are five litanies
authorized for public services:
Litany of the Saints, of the Bless
ed Virgin, of the Holy Name of
Jesus, of the Sacred Heart and of
st. Joseph.
Q. When did Forty Hours
start? Why is it called By that
name? Did they haze Benedic-
tion of the Blessed Sacrament IN
the early Church?
A. The Forty Hours Alteration
of the Blessed Sacramento is
comparatively new devotion. 1t
seems TO have developed from
the celebration of the feast of
Corpus Christi, which was estab-
lished in 1864. AT first the Bless
ed Sacrament was kept covered
when carried in the procession,
but about a century after the
feast was instituted 1t began TO
be exposed as is the custom to-
day. From this came the prac-
tice of leaving the host on the
altar for public alteration for
day or two especially on the two
days before Lent. Especially
powerful in counteracting the
abuses of the presLenten car
nival this two-dsy period later
was adopted On other occasions
during the year. The celebra-
tion of the devotion in various
parishes as we have it today be-
gan in Milan about 1887 AID. and
the first indulgences were grant
ed by Pope Paul III in 1889.
Through the efforts of st. Charles
Borromeo and st. Philip Neri it
became generally accepted and
was established and regulated in
its present form by Pope Clement
VIII in 1892. The Forty Hours
are offered in memory of the
time during which the Sacred
Body of Jesus was in the tomb.
Benediction too came with the de-
velopment of devotion to the
Blessed Sacrament which follow
ed the institution of the feast
of Corpus Christi.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-03

some kind Of political action on
the part of organized labor are
both legitimate and necessary.
This week we would like to dis
Gus this point further.
This subject if of more than
academic interest at the present
time. Several states = including
the highly industrialized state of
Ohio - are now considering
legislation which, if enacted,
would prohibit unions as such
from engaging in Political action.
Riqht Not covernmeni-Given
In our opinion, this kind OF
legislation is unethical and un-
realistic. Unethical, because vol
untary associations, including la
Dor unions. have a natural. right
to engage in politica. action as
one means of promoting their
legitimate detectives. Unrealls-
tic. because it assumes or pre-
tends that labor is the only eco
nomic .roup in the United States
which engages in political action.
Worse than that, it pretends that
other economic groups are al
ready being regulated more
stringently than labor.
Labor's right to engage In po-
litical action is beyond dispute
from the point of view of Chris
ton social ethics. This right is
not conferred upon labor by the
Government, therefore ii may not
be taken away by the Govern
ment. II rests upon the firm bas-
is of the natural law.
In Harmony with Common Good
To show that this is not mere
ly the personal opinion of the
present writer. attention is call
ed to a new booklet. '"The Trade
Union in Society" by Msgr. Pietro
Pavan. The author teaches in two
of the principal Catholic univer-
sites in Rome. He is acknowledge
ed to be one of the outstanding
European authorities in the field
of Catholic social teaching.
1.-The specific field of union
activities" Monsignor Pavan
says, always remains the fur
thering Of the professional and
economic interests belonging to
each class The union may, how
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-03
LOUIS =. BUDEM
Forecasting q Ne,U XaItd

discussion makes clear that Mos
cow and its agents look forward
to a super-Yalta coming out of
the proposed meeting "at the
summit" Boasting of its own
power in bringing about the top
level" conference, the Red or
gan exultantly proclaims: There
was no need for anyone to won
der how The Worker would re-
act. Few papers in. our country
can boast of the consistent rec
ord and championship and strug-
gle for Just such gathering TO
maintain peace.
In that assertion the Red or
gan was eminently correct. For
Big Power negotiations" in the
Yalta fashion has been the first
item in the Communist line un-
der the general and deceptive Slo-
gan of peaceful coexistence,"
New Steps in Self-destrueiion
What Moscow expects from
such "a conference at the sum-
nit" is also frankly told the
comrades. Each and every one of
these items, if agreed to by the
United States even in part, rep
resents new steps in the self-de-
struetion of our country.
From the Red organ, they can
be summarized as follows: u the
giving up of American bases for
our defense in other countries
than our own; p the disarma-
ment of the United States; 81 ex-
pansion of "East-West trade, -
so that the efficient United States
can build up the Soviet war ma
chine. which the clumsy Soviet
economy cannot do, 4, the estab-
lishment of a neutral belt"
through European easy prey
TO Soviety aggression and disrup-
tion, 81 American betrayal of
FormoSa which, the Communists
have already confidently predict
ed. will lead to the loss for the
United States of South Korea and
the Pacific.
Ma leuvsrings with Tito
The neutral belt of nations"
in Europe is forecast in the
Daily Workers ukase to Wash
ington as to what IL must do
about Germany: A German so
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-03

According to the myth manufactured BY anti
anti-Communisis the Alsop brothers team, for in
stance - every Communist, upon breaking with
the Party rushes eagerly to tell all he knows and
some extra He becomes "informer," paid
informer," professional nformer, TO rake in the
rewards in cash and fame awaiting his kind.
This picture is false to the point of being gro
tesque Actually all the temptations and pressures
for the disllusioned Communist are the side Of
silence and concealment The membership turnover
in the Communist Party is so great-50 per cent
year, some estimate = that by this time there
must be hundreds of thousands who possess useful
information Yet only handful few score perhaps,
have dared to volunteer testimony.
EUGENE LYONS, Human Events, April
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-03
Inquiry Corner

q. Does mortal san rsmovs
person from the Mystical Body
of Christ?
A. 1t would seem that only ona
who has deliberately denied the
Faith or has been excommuni-
Gated would be separated from
the Mystical Body. In his eneycli-
cal on the Mystical Body Pope
Plus XII states, For not every
sin, however grave it may be,
is such of its own nature to sever
a man from the Body of the
Church, as does schiSm, or heresy
or apostasy." Mortal sin does, We
might ay, freeze the supernat-
ural life in the soul, but it can
be revived by the Sacrament of
Penance. Our Holy Father fur
ther quotes st. Augustine to the
effect that CAS- long as mem
Der still forms part of the body
there is no reason to despair ct
its cure"
Q. Was Simon Peter the orig
indtor of simong? A friend NJ
mine suggested that he '0nS dnd
that before the Reformation SIM
onu aras an accepted practice m
the Catholic Church.
A. st. Peter certainly was not
the originator OF Simony. Tha
origin of the term is given in the
Acts of the Apostles (8:9-24) and
the man Simon is described as .
magician in Samaria He was bap-
tized and when Simon saw that
the Holy Spirit was given through
the laying on of the apostles
hands. he offered them money,
saving. Give me also this power,
so that anyone on whom | Law my
hands NAV receive the Holy SpIr~
it," st. Peter was administer
ing the Sacrament of Confirms-
ton and "Peter said to him, THY
money go to destruction with
thee, because thou hast thought
that the gift of God could be
purchased with money" Your
friend is equally confused in the
history of the Church. While sim
ony was practiced here and
there during the early Middle
Ages it was never approved by
the Catholic Church. Pope ST.
Gregory VII endured difficulties
in his crusade to eliminate it in
eleventh century but his policy
was not new.
Q. Is it SIN to be late for
Mass?
A. Catholics are bound to attend
Mass on Sunday (and h0lydays)
and to be present from the pray
ers at the foot of the altar until
the priest leaves the sanctuary.
Ii is a venial sin to miss any part
of the Mass unless the delay is
unavoidable. II is a mortal sin
to miss notable Part such as the
Offertory, Conservation or Com
munion.
Send questions to Father Ed
) ward F. Healey, Inquiry Corner,
The Catholic Times. Box 63s,
Columbus (16), Ohio.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-03

luton could be foreSeen Cat the
conference) only il both sides
agreed, 80 on the Austrian ques-
ton, that German armed forces
must not be incorporated in any
alliance directed against any of
the Big Powers"
That is an order for us to agree
to the disarmament of West Ger
many and, therefore, to series
of neutral nations" from Yugo-
Slavia TO Sweden and Finland.
The Soviet msneuverings with
Tito lend aid to this program.
The YugoSlav Communist dicta.
tor is assuming the role which
this column predicted he would
play, using American funds and
guns to build up Soviet strength.
No True Aliies
Careful thought will demon
strate that there is but one an
Swer to this serious situation:
an intensification of the cam
paign for breaking off relations
with Soviet Russia and the satel-
lite regimes Until that is done,
the United States has no true
''allies" and the Communists I'M
derstand that full well. The Daily
Worker heavily counts on our
"allies specifically Great Brit
ain--to induce us to show the
white feather in the meeting "at
the summit"
Several inquiries have been re-
ceived concerning the identities
of "the distinguished gentlemen"
whom | mentioned as being in
favor of breaking off relations.
The list is too long to publish
here, and would refer these in
quirers to DR.. Edward A. Fitz-
patrick, 636 Woodward Building,
Washington 5, DC. Among them,
however, are former AmbaSsa-
doris to China, Great Britain,
Soviet Russia, and Poland. There
are distinguished military men
like Generals Albert Wedemeyer
and George Stratemeyer: also Ad-
miral H. f. Yarnell and Admiral
Thomas c. Hart There are we'll
known Democrats and Republi-
cans. representation of lead
inr citizens who have actually
come to grips with Communism.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-03
MONSICNOR HIGGINS
A Natural Right

ever, take political action, This
is legitimate when it tends to
promote the professional class
represented by the union and 10
pursue its interests in the po-
litical sphere. 1t must develop
itself in harmony with the re-
quirements of the common good,
which constitutes the immediate
objective of the action of po-
litical party"
Labor's right to engage in po-
litical action may, of course, be
regulated by the Government in
the interest of the common good.
But too little regulation of such
fundamental right is far bet.
ter than too much. Too much reg
ulation of the basic rights of vol.
untary organizations is the first
step on the road to totalitarian-
ism. Furthermore, any regulation
of the right of voluntary associa-
tions to engage in political action
must be applied impartially. on
a non-partisan basis to all volun-
tary associations-in any case, to
all those which operate in tha
same general field of activity.
This means that, in the economic
field, such regulations must ba
applied to employer, profession
al, and farmer associations az
well as to unions.
II would seem to be obvious
that the best way to reduce polit.
zeal action on the part of unions.
or keep it within reasonable linn
its, is to make collective bar.
gaining - and other economic.
as opposed to purely legislative,
programS-work more effective
ly. Or, better still, to transform
collective bargaining into "col-
lective thinking" or collective
planning between labor and
management for their mutual
welfare and for the common good
Of the economy as whole.
Different in Europe
The experience of Europs
ought to be warning TO us in
this regard BY American stand.
ards many European unions have
attached too much importance TO
political action. Why? To some
extent because their official or
semi-official philosophy was
MarxiSt.
But that's not the whole story.
Another reason for their over.
emphasis on political action is
the fact that when they were be-
ing established there was no
realistic alternative TO political
action. More specifically, there
was no tradition of successful
collective bargaining in the
American sense of the word. Both
labor and management in West
ern Europe must share the blame
for this failure 20 solve the eco
nomic problem by means of vol
untary cooperation at the eco
nomic. As opposed TO the purely
political, level.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-03

decision to enter into Big Four
negotiations"
During those three hours
President Eisenhower debated
and finally decided ito go any
where in search of peace" For
the Daily Worker, this act by the
White House represents a great
milestone in Soviet psychological
warfare for big Power negotla-
tions" on the Yalta model ~
productive of such evi. results
for this country and for the
peoples of the world in the past.
"our Government"
Great headlines in that May
Is issue attest to Red joy at hav-
ing brought Washington around
once more TO what Moscow wants
done. "Big Four Meet Stirs
Hopes of World" read the head
lines. and the very first sent
ence beneath those words tells
the comrades. "Now that the
Eisenhower administration has
agreed TO top Big -Four meeting,
its going to be awfGlly hard TO
argue that our Government want
ed il all along but those Rus
SLAMS were against il.
The reference TO "our Govern
ment" is necessarily part of that
cynical contention of the Com
munists that they are part of the
American nation, the very ma
tion they are seeking to enslay
by undermining il and then de
siroying II hy violence.
A Supsr-Yalfs
The Daily Workers exlensivs
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-03

ger, was dis-
cussed in this
column tw o
weeks ago. One
comment made
at that time
was that while
too much, or
the wrong kind,
of political ac-
ton could be
bad for labor
and bad for the
country, some
d e gre e and
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-03

outcome may
lead 10 new
A m G rlean ca
taStrophes.
Such are the
reports a n d
predictions of
I h c ID ally
Worker of May
Is. W h ic h is
Seditiously ju-
bilant at the
White House
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-03

Three hours on the evening OF
May between seven and ten
o'clock-were most serious mo-
mentS for the United States. The
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-06-03

The topic of labor and polit-
ical action, with specific refer
ence to the political implications
of the pending AFLrCI0 mer-
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-10-15

western states comprise the Futurlty
group whose object is to raise the type
of Angus cattle that is satisfactory to
the feedIot operator, the packer and the
consumer.
One hundred Hereford breeders over
the nation were named to membership
in the American Hereford Association
during August, 1855. The additions to
the official roster boosted the Associa-
ton total membership to an all-time
high of Is, 729 Montana's contribution
to this membership includes Earl
knight, Avon; John NUNS, PhiIipsburg;
Hay Draw Hereford Ranch. Sidney.
The USDA Agricultural Outlook Di-
gest reports that about 26 million tons
of byproduct feeds. wheat and rye are
expected to be available for livestock
this season, bringing the total feed con-
centrate supply to 1876 million, per
cent above last years record. Although
the number of grain consuming live
stock is expected to increase, supply
of feed per animal unit also will be a
record
Marketings of fed cattle this fall
probably will continue above last year.
Heavy sales prevented the usual sea-
sonal price rise through August but
some increase is likely this fall. Grass
cattle marketings are expected to be
at or above a year ago and not much
change in feeder prices is in prospect.
There has been some moderate, activ-
ity in the marketing of fall calves. The
best price recorded in the state is the
reported 81 cents received by Arch
Ginther, Harlowton, for $50 head of
choice feeder calves going to an Iowa
feeder. Other contracting prices con-
tinue to remain fairly much the same
with 1914 and IL cents about average
prices on heifers and Is to 211s cents
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-10-15
Livestock Notes
BY RALEIGH YUHAS

Oscar Sales, BOzeman, reports selling
9 heifers and bull to Joe Cash, Molt;
9 heifers and bull to Frank Pence,
Frederick. Sd: bull to Wilbur Reed.
Bath, South Dakota. and 4 bulls to Dam
ny Pennygast. Melrose. Howard Lewis
and Leo Jarbo, Bozeman, sold bulls
to the Charles Bremen Ranch, Grant;
and 20 yearling bulls to the Wytana
Cattle Co., Lewistown.
At meeting of the Western Angus
Futurity, held in connection with the
Oregon State Fair at Salem, Sept
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-10-15

and S, three Mon
tana Angus breed
ers were named
as members of
the board for the
next year. These
breeders w e r e
w e IL S Andrews,
Melville; w e b b
Harrer, Helena,
and Jack Smith,
Bigfork. A n g u S
breeders from ten
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-10-15

ON steers. Most ranges continue to Do
in good to moderate condition with
grass plentiful and moisture scarce.
with the exception of the recent snow
and rainfall in various areas over the
state. There has been some movement
of cattle, but most activity is Sched-
uled for later on this month.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-10-15
9wR3gO0Z
Z ==:=::;|||' ! ! S. "a ]; ! slsl

OCT Is GRASS RANGE: n Bar Angus Rancn
Annual SALE at the Ranch.
OCT. IS, GOLDEN, COLO: Partridge Regis
tered PoIIed Herefords Dispersion Saie.
OCr 17-1s HELENA: Herrin Hereford Kancns
Annual Production Sales at the Rancn.
OCT IS, BOHEMIAN: South Montana Angus
Assn. Feeder Sale.
OCT. 10. HAvRE: Bear Paw Hereford Assn
Annual Fail Sale.
OCT 20. BUTTE: Western Montana Angus Az
ISOLATION Feeder Sale.
OCT 2I, GREAT FALLS: North Montana Angus
Breeders Feeder Show & Sale.
OCT 81 BILLINGS: 14th Annual Montana SNORT
horn Breeders Feeder Calf SALE
OCT. 20, BELLE FOURCHE, Nd: Central
Hereford Assn. Fall Bull Sale.
OCT. 20. BILLINGS: Montana Aberdeen angus
Association Feeder Show & SALE
OCT %, SIDNEY: Hereford Feeder Calf SAFE
OCT. "a, TWIN BRIDGES: A. C. Bayers Here
ford Ranch 14th Annual SaIes at the Rancn.
OCT. "a MALTA: Northeast Montana Hereforo
Breeders Assn. Sale.
OCT. "A. HAvRE: Hereford Feeder Calf SAFE.
OCT. IS, HTYssOULA: Hereford Feeder Calf Sale.
OCT. &c. DILLON: Dillon Hereford Show ana
Sale.
Ranch. Annual FAN Bull Sale, at the Ranch.
OCT. n, BOHEMIAN: Hereford Feeder Calf Sale.
OCT. %, BUTTE: Hereford Feeder Calf Sale.
OCT g. GLENDTvE: Hereford Feeder Calf Sale.
OCT 20. GREAT FALLS: Hereford Feeder CALI
Sale
OCT: e, CUT BAN X. e s., l. Anderson Third
OCT. 81, BOHEMIAN: C. L. Pasha Angus Pro-
duction Sale.
OCT. 81, wORLAND. wYO.: Big Horn Basin
Hereford Assn. Sale.
OCT. 81, MILES CITY: Tri-State Hereford
Futurity.
OCT 81, MOORE: E. r. Roehl Ranch Annual
PoIIed Hereford sale.
OCT 81, GLASGOW: Hereford Feeder Calf Sale.
NOV. 3, KALESPELL: Northwestern Montana
Hereford Assn. Annual Fail Sale.
NOV 3, MILES CITY: Hereford Feeder Calf Sale.
NOV a, SHELBY: Marias Hereford Breeders
Assn. Fall Sale.
Second Annual Sale. at the Ranch.
NOV. S, LEwTsTOwN: Hereford Feeder Cali
Sale.
NOV 7. LEw1sTowN: Central Montana Here
ford Assn. Annual Fall Sale.
NOV 9. DRUMNaOND: Wayne B. Hill annual
fall Hereford bull SALE at the ranch.
NOV. 12. BUTTE: Western Montana Hereford
Association Annual FAN Sale.
NOV III, GREAT FALLS: North Montana Here
ford Assn. Annual Fan Sale.
NOV 10, BILLINGS: South Montana Hereford
Assn. Sale.
NOV. 10, HOBsoN: BodIey Hereford Ranch.
Annual Fail Sale, at the Ranch.
NOV. 20, CASPER, wYO.: Wyoming Hereford
Assn. Sale.
NOV 2s. GLENDIvE: Eastern Montana Here
ford Assn. Sale.
NOV. 2S, SHERIDAN, WYO.: Sheridan Hereford
Assn. Show and Sale.
NOV. 1928, SHELBY: A. e. Peterson & Sons
Registered Hereford Sale.
NOV. 80, MILES CITY: Modak PolIed Hereford
Assn. Sale.
DEC. 2, BILLINGS: Bear Claw Ranch Sale.
Dayton WyO.
DEC 2. GREAT FALLS: North Rocky Mountain
Aberdeen-Angus Assn. Sale.
DEC. S, SIDNEY: East Montana Hereford Assr.
Show and Sale.
DEC. ., MILES CITY: Eastern Montana Feeder
Assn. Bull Sale. miles City Bull SaIe)
FEB 10, GREAT FALLS: Montana PoIIed
Hereford Assn. Sale.
FEB. 1914, 1856. MISSOULA: Top Cut Hereford
Sale.
APRIL 2, 1856, HELENA: w. j. Harrer and
Sons Annual Angus Production Sale.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-10-15
BAYERS HEREFORD RANCH
14fh AnnuuI Production Sale
THE RANCH TWIN BRIDGES. MONT.

BOTH Range Bull Buyers and Herd Bull
BUYERS Plenty plenty fill needs The
Nondo morning possible come IN Sundoy
ookth offering
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-27
AUToMosILts EoR xALE

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