davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-28

official said, to estimate the eff
feet the decision to call back the
vaccine from Cutters would
have on the local school pro-
grams There seemed little doubt,
however, that parents might be-
gin to withdraw their children
from the school program-de-
spite the fact that the programs
were not using the questionable
vaccine. l4
In Philadelphia, school vacci-
nations were ordered stopped
then started again. The delay,
it was reported, was necessary to
determine whether any of the
vaccine in question was being
used in the school program.
Much of the Cutter vaccine
was used for mass inoculations
in several Western States. With
the vaccine recalled, California,
Idaho, Arizona. New Mexico and
Utah stopped vaccinating school
pupils.
The National Biologics Control
Laboratory here, which licensed
the Cutter vaccine, sent two of
its experts to California last
night to start tests Of the vac
cine.
Met Minimum Standards
A spokesman for the Public
Health Service said the Cutter
vaccine measured up to mini
mum standards which we estab-
lished for safety. purity and po-
tency." He said this conclusion
was drawn on the basis of studies
Of written protocols" submitted
to the Government by the manu-
facturer, and containing results
of tests on animals and in test
tubes. It is virtually impossible,
1t was pointed out. for the lab
oratory to actually pass on each
cubic centimeter of the vaccine.
Thorough tests also we're
started today in each area where
the eight cases were reported.
These would determine if the
individuals actually had polio
a difficult disease to diagnose
and the incidence of polio in the
area, a Public Health Service
official said.
In New York. DR.. Hart Van
Ripper. medical director of the
Polio Foundation, said several of
the known polio cases had been
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-28
Human Beings
Never Normal,
Academy Told

There is no normal" human
being.
Everybody differs from every
body else probably in thou
sands of ways. DR.. Roger j. Will
liams of the University of
Texas reported to the National
Academy of Sciences at its clos
ing meetings here yesterday. He
reported on repeated blood
analyses of a group Of sup
posedly normal" college stu
dents-that is, young men who
would have been classed as
normal in any medical assort-
ment.
Human blood is an extremely
complex chemical mixture. But.
DR.. Williams tests showed, the
mixture wasn't quite the same
for any of the IL men whose
blood was analysed day after
day over a considerable period.
There were especially large diff
ferences in the content of various
metals and their combinations.
DR.. Williams has reported
previously similar findings on
other physical characteristics.
All this opens up, DR.. Williams
stressed, an almost UNEMPLOYED
field of medicine by which it
may be possible to predict early
in life the susceptibility of in
dividuals to various diseases and
many of their mental and
physical reactions throughout
life.
The normal" of physicians,
he said, appears to be just an
overall average of many indi-
viduals and probably it would
be impossible to find anybody
who actually fitted the picture.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-28
BY THOMAS r. HENRY
Science Editor Of The Star

There have been two creations.
One happened suddenly about
5 billion years ago. The other
has been going on ever since and
still is in progress.
This completely new picture of
the origins of the universe was
presented before the National
Academy for the Advancement
of Science here today. 1t was
brought out in an exhibit of the
Mount Palomar Observatory of
the Carnegie In stitution of
Washington and the California
Institute of Technology.
A few years ago. the Mount
Palomar astronomers made the
momentous discovery that there
were two families" of stars,
members of which differe d
notably in their distribution,
chemical composition and be-
havior. They we're distributed
throughout all observable crea-
tion-the 100-billion-star Milky
Way galaxy of which the solar
system is an infinitesimal part
and all the 100 million or more
similar galaxies scattere d
through space,
Double Creation
This led to far reaching
changes in conceptions of the
size Of creation. Its dimensions
and age were approximately
doubled.
Further studies have greatly
extended this, according to the
observations reported here. Pop
pulation II stars are. for the
most part, found in the centers
of galaxies, although some en-
tire galaxies, elliptical in shape,
apparently are made up of them
completely. Their spectra show
that they contain few metals.
They are in regions of space
almost free of dust" vast
clouds of which obscure the uni
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-28
VACCINE

Continued From First Page
street NV; z. D. Gilman, Inc,
627 Pennsylvania avenue NV,
and the McKenna Surgical Sup
ply Co.. TOO North Glebe road.
Arlington.
F. Royce Franzoni, president
Of 2. D. Gilman, said the ship
ment arrived at 1890 am, by
air, the day after the effective
ness Of the polio vaccine was an
nounced-on April 10.
The vaccine was quickly dis
pensed to physicians who some
time before had anticipated the
verdict on the polio vaccine and
had placed their orders.
None Given Schools
Health officials were the source
of information that the mass
vaccination programs in the
Washington-area did not re-
ceive vaccine from Cutter. The
Districts supply was furnished
by Wyeths, the Virginia supply
from Parke Davis and the Mary
land supply from Wyeths.
Meanwhile a joint-statement
issued today by the District
Medical Society and the D. c..
Health Department said school
vaccinations would continue as
planned. The statement added
that once vaccine is available for
private use there is no foresee-
able reason" for physicians to
delay immunization. The state
ment also emphasized that the
Cutter vaccine is not being used
in the school program.
In Maryland, the Cutter Lab
oratories distributor said no un-
favorable reactions have been re-
ported in individuals who received
the vaccine. Enough for 900
single shots was distributed.
In Virginia, DR.. Edward M.
Holmes, jr., Richmond City
Health Director, expressed the
belief that there was little cause
for alarm. He said only small
amount of the Cutter vaccine
was distributed in his area.
Cutter Laboratories is the
smallest of the six drug manu-
facturers turning out the vac
cine. This is the first year it
has undertaken to produce the
vaccine. According to one drug
dealer here, Cutter was the first
laboratory to get shipments of
the vaccine into the Washing
ton area.
5000 Shots Supplied
Company officials at Cutters
East Coast distributing center in
Teterboro. N. j.. said enough
vaccine for about 5000 shots had
been shipped to wholesalers from
Maine to Virginia two weeks ago.
It was still too early, health
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-28
7O6 NEW CASES OF POLIO
REPORTED IN u. S. LAST WEEK
By the Associated Press

Public Health Service said today 100
polio reported by Al States last week. compared with
lit for the Nation in the comparable week New
Mexico's report for last week had not arrived.
spokesman said is presumed the total for the week
ended April % does not include of the which yes
teday caused temporary stop order Sa polio vaccine
made by manufacturer The Health Service said eight
children nocuated with that product developed paralyc
polio
There have been 1905 reported this year. COM
pared with 1854 in the corresponding 1854 period
the disease year. for polio started about April there
been 24l compared with 30 in the similar span
year.
State reports of last week Texas 25
California l6 Florida 49, louisiana 6; Illinois, Minnesota
Ohio South Carolina and Wisconsin, each; Arkansas
Kentucky, Nebraska. New York. Oklahoma, Oregon
sylvania Tennessee and Utah. EACH and Arizona
Idaho Iowa, Michigan Mississippi New Jersey North
Carolina, South Dakota. Virginia and West Virginia,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-28

USS Norton Sound IN cruises
from the latitude of the equator
to approximately central Green
land. The small rockets. equipped
with automatic recording instru-
ments, we're released into outer
space from balloons which car.
ried them through a greater part
of the atmosphere itself.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-28

atmosphere for all practical
considerations - were presented
by DR.. James A. Van Allen Of
Iowa State University.
These explorations. which will
be greatly extended during the
coming international geophysical
years. were carried out by rocket
ascensions from the deck of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-28
Junk Ordered Home

TAIPEI, Formosa, April % (P.
The Ministry of Communica-
tons today ordered the two
masted 70-foot junk Free China
to abandon its projected voyage
to the United States and return
to Formosa from Naha, Okinawa.
1t had to be towed there after
losing rudder control. The min
lstry said it had been decided
the crew was too inexperienced.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-28
Van Allen Presents
Rocket Reports

Preliminary reports of rocket
exploration of the border lines
of interplanetary space above
approximately so kilometers
above the earth-the top Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-28
Hirohito's Birthday

TOKYO, April % (P.-Em-
peror Hirohito celebrities his 54th
birthday tomorrow. The day is
national holiday, with busi-
ness Offices and schools closed.
Evening star., 1955-11-04
MOTHER OF SEVEN RECEIVES $50
FOUND BY FORMER CONVICT

MILWAUKEE gDe-Wth : renewed faith in human
nature As Edward Ieisns ef Milwaukee was readg 10
bu winter clothing for her seven children today. Il wl
Arst:
After sheperding her seven youngsten Oh downtown
bus Mrs Leising discovered she had left her purse Contain
In $50 the vehicle Hearbroken she reported the loss
: TO the bus company
Within few hours. the purse was returned. Il
found BY who turned It to the bus driver and
the latter passed it on to his supercrs.
Mrs. schnabel told newsmen the finder was former
convict parole from larceny sentence route by
bus 70 pay his monthly visit to the parole oficer.
Evening star., 1955-11-04

for Outstanding achievement In
Iehurch-related social work.:
Chaplain Dicks for achievement
in the field Of 'church-related
homes and hospitals" and Pro-
fessor Bennett for contributions
ito the socialization programs
|of the churches"
A congregation, the Church oi
All Nations, Los Angeles. was
cited for Outstanding social vel
fare In It's community" !"
DR.. Martha NJ. Eliot Of WASH
ington. chief Of the Children's
Bureau. Department Of Health
Education and Welfare, told the
gathering last night segregation
based on moral judgments Il
harmful to the community al
well as the individual.
Currently some 10000 uE-
married mothers give birth to
babies each year." Or. Eliot said
Many Of these mothers are
tragically isolated. segregated
and even forced to flee their
communities. In need OF medical
and hospital care, some are
forced to accept this car,
Evening star., 1955-11-04

Of sociology. Haverford College.
told the delegates earlier that
Protestant churches have fol-
lowed ''the migrations Of the
middle class, and to . large ex-
tent. the migrations J Of the
middle-class mind. In general,
the big Protestant churches are
predominantly middle class, and
have lost the submerged rural
and urban populations to newer
sects. .
DR.. Reid also pointed out the
churches are economically de-,
pendent on those classes that
historically have most strenu-
ousIy resisted demands for eco
ilon1ic reform. The basic prob
lem is how to apply the ideals
Of Jesus Of Nazareth to q COM
petitive economy In which there
remains vast inequalities Of con-
ditions and gtatltes.s &
Evening star., 1955-11-04

an Of these youngsters are 30
cially or emotionally sick IN the
sense that they need q course OF
treatment. Some are In trouble
with the law for purely acci-
dental reasons. &. Others have
@ low resistance to going along
with the gang on . spree.
tOtherl youngsters have serious
emotional and social problems :
DR.. Eliot charged that too
many people .'segregate" their
goals from the means Of attain
ing them. She pointed out this
was particularly hard on chill
dren because TO confront them
with contradictory means and
ends Is to cheat them on values,
and Ahildren grow on values as
well as on yitamins. Who can
blame children when they take
short cuts to their seIf-reaiiza-
tion, II we take them3"
Or. I'm De a. Reid. professor
Evening star., 1955-11-04

the rate ON July ~ after waiting
four weeks from July to zee
how Congress would handle the
city's budget.
This delay cost the Assessors
Once %. 400 In overtime to set
tax bills out by August ~, only
. month before the deadline for
payments September 80.
Mr.. Martin said that nearly
half Of $4,000 tax payments
we're made just before the dead
line and that his ONCE has not
yet been able to record them all.
Next year, he said, he hopes
to put his stan on overtime early
enough TO have all such pay
ments recorded BY November 10
or Is,
Evening star., 1955-11-04

-
Prodded by complaints that
delays In the District tax asses
Isor's once are han1perine WASH
|ingtnn real estate sales. up to
Il6 employees there win start
working overtime tomorrow.
Assessor James L. Martin said
today his stan should be able to
Ifnish BY November 10 recording
a backlog Of $4,000 last minute
real estate tax payments made
at the end 0l September.
The overtime. estimated to
cost $1,000. was approved last
night By Director Schuyler Lowe
Of the General Administration
| Department.
a formal statement requesting
the overtime authorization de-
lciared .BOtii the collector Of
q taxes and the assessor are re-
|ceiying many complaints from
taxpayers because we are unable
to state whether the tax on .
particular property has been
paid
The statement pointed out
that real estate sales are hara-
pered BY inability Of the asses
|scr's ofiice to issue up-to-date
"tax certificates These are
used BY sellers Of real estate to
prove that property taxes have
been paid. or to show how much
is owing to the city.
TAX certificates which are
issued at the rate Of approx
mately 1900 per month, . the
statement declared, s'can reflect
only through the last
day posted. Therefore persons
making settlements through title
companies and lending institu-
Evening star., 1955-11-04

the role Of the local church in
meeting the community's welfare
needs, the relation Of church
welfare agencies to Community
Chests and councils. and distinc-
tive contributions Of church,
related welfare agencies and in
stitutions.
Four lay and ministerial work.
ers in the social welfare field
received citations today from the
conference. which Is sponsored
by the National Council Of
Churches.
They are DR.. Leonard w. Mayo
of New York, executive director
of the Association for the Aid Of
Crippled Children; DR.. Robert F..
Thomas Of Sevierville. Tenn.
missionary-doctor; Chaplain
Russell L. Dicks of Duke univer-
sity, and Prof. John c. Bennett
of Union Theological Seminary,
New York.
Congregation Also Cited
DR.. Mayo was honored for
s.outstanding contributions to
the social welfare of the Nation: |:
DR.. Thomas, known as @tlle Al
bert Scnweitzer of the Smokes, !"
Evening star., 1955-11-04
D. c. Realty Tox Office
Will Work Overtime

|tions who rely upon the tax cer-
itificates In the making Of dis
|tfibutiolis are being Improperly
informed, which in many In
stances results In dupiieste pay
|ments. =
Mr.. Martin declared. The sit
|uation Is no different from what
1t has been every year, except
we are q little more delayed be-
cause Of the late, setting Of the
real estate tax rates for the
year
The District Commissioners se
Evening star., 1955-11-04

through unscrupulous middle
men In exchange for their
babies.
Migrant Farm Workers
'Fiers we have SEGREGATION on
moral judgments. But who slf-I
fers mosts The bAby7 The l1n-I
happy mothers Or = the worst
sufferer the community itself.
tirst because Of what 1t does TO
the mothers. and second. because.
of the end results when 4. baby
is handed around from home to
home. or is institutionalized. or
develops the deep distrust that
comes from not belonging
The speaker said the families
of migrant farm workers suffer.
most from discrimination,
Among them are some ! mill
lion children. On the move most
Of their days, earning only the
most n1eager wages, sieeping-
many Of them lin wretched
|shacks. these families seldom see
il doctor. . teacher. . preacher,
or Q welfare worker. Their seq
|regation from the social protec.
lions and social side that we
have built up for ourselves is
sorry indeed, "
Juvenile Delinquency
Turning to juvenile delin-.
|quency. DR.. Eliot declared: s.It
lis frightening to contemplate its
|extensiveness. More than Ia
million youngsters were picked
up by the police last year. Close
to half q million tyoungsters)I
were brought before the courts
40 900 boys and girls were sep
arated from families, schools, ,
churches. and other community
associations. and placed In insti-
|tutions for the delinquent.
you well know, of course, 8
the speaker claimed that not
Evening star., 1955-11-04
Church, Welfare Group
Act on Findings Todoy
BY CASPAR NANNES
star stan correspondent

CLEVELAND Nov. "A message embodying the findings
National Conference the Church and Social Welfare
win be acted upon by the 1900 delegates at the concluding
session today.
The statement win express the conferences views such
varied subjects church and relations social welfare
Evening star., 1955-11-04

Through unscrupulous middle
men In exchange for their
lhabtes.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-11-11

ugees now exlled from the Holy
Land"
Catholics the world over"
Monsignor Mcmahon continued,
must not be deluded by the
wave of propaganda in our
press, and we should stand firm
on the question of Palestine, re-
membering that His Holiness
Pope Plus XII has written three
Encyclical Letters in which he
outlined the position of the
Church. We should be poor
heirs of the Crusaders if we
were to abdieate in this our day
the position we have taken on
the Holy Land of Jesus Christ =
Jerusalem is a place sacred
to Christians the world over.
That is what was behind the
UN decision to call for the in
standardization o. Jerusalem.
Observation-Disclosures means that
the Holy City itself, and its en-
virons where the Holy Places
are located, would be not under
the domination of any one ma
tion, but would be under the
protection and administration
of the United Nations.
The Vatican has said from
the first that this course of ac-
ton is the only one that offers
any hope of lasting peace in
the Holy Land.
The United States delegation
did not support the UN General
Assembly vote of late 1949, in
structing the UN Trusteeship
Council to draw up q statute
for the internationalization of
Jerusalem. But, after the UN
General Assembly had adopted
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-11-11

services of humanity. More Spe-
officially, we can be grateful
that the big foundations are
not trying to manipulate public
opinion by bribing their bene-
ficiaries or by paying them off
for services rendered to a par
ticnlar point of view in the
field of politics or economics.
II is our impression that this
is the attitude of the majority
of the American people with
respect to the big foundations.
Unfortunately, however, some
people are not willing to ex-
tend this compliment TO the
few. relatively insignificant
foundations established under
union auspices.
Merely Asserted
A featured article by a Prot
estant churchman, Rev. Ed
mund A. Opitz, in the Noyem-
ber issue of The Freeman is q
case in point. According to Rev.
0pitz, "The recent gift of $780,
900 from the CLOS Philip Muir
ray Foundation to the National
Council of Churches (NCC) can
not be described as a bribe. 1t
Is more like a part payment for
services rendered.
This is the opening para
graph of an article designed to
prove that the National Coun-
ell of Churches has defended
union violence. which, we are
told by Rev. 0pitz, is not in
cidental to trade unionism, it
is an essential part of it," The
latter statement is not proved,
it is merely asserted.
The former accusation -
namely, that the National
Council of Churches has ration
allied or supported union yio-
lence-is proved" by citing
isolated statements from the
writings of several Protestant
authors.
We have no intention OF de-
Tending the various statements
quoted by Rev. Opitz. Whether
these statements are good, bad
or indifferent is irrelevant to
this discussion. The point is
that they were not made under
the auspices of the National
Council of Churches and conse-
quently should not be attri-
buted to that organization
either by way of praise or of
blame.
No 'psy>cFf
For reasons known only TO
himself and perhaps the editors
of The freeman, Rev. Opitr
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-11-11
From Small Beginnings

The Gospel of Sundays Mass, narratng how
Christ likened the Church to seed of mustard
tree, and then to particle of leaven, presents
prophecy that became historical fact; more
than that, II presents an assurance for the future
that must serve as stimulus and challenge
10 Christian faith.
Like the mustard tree the Church on earth
began as tiny germ Of life unnoteed in the
clsmor and contention of the world of nineteen
centuries ago. planted by Christ Himself in
the field He had prepared tended by the hus-
handmen He had selected The seed Sprouted and
took root, and the resulting plant has grown into
an immense tree, its roots and branches reach
Ing everywhere, its refreshing shade haven
for men OF every race and class.
And like the "leaYen which woman took and
buried in three measures of flour" the doctrine
NJ Christ has permeated the whole mass Of man
Kind, raising up what had been inert and Sodden.
making palatsble what had been taseess, and
quietly spreading its influence ever wider, sui-
ferinE no loss to itself in The process Savage
have become gentle under that influence, art
and science have flourished, the human intellect
has risen TO new heights since the leavening
effect OF Christianity came into the world Even
though there are those who deny the validity.
and even the very existence, of the force called
Christianity, the fact remains that these individ-
uals are themselves part of civilization that has
been shaped and directed by Christian teaching,
and that that teaching has been gloriousy en-
riching and ennoblinH
The parallels can be interpreted as applying,
rot only To the Church as whole but TO each
Catholic in his personal life. His faith has been
granted him, like tiny mustard seed, to be
planted and fostered and guarded as it develops
into shapely. vigorous tree, like leaven, too
his faith transforms his existence from the dull
hopelessness of materialism into the vibrant Joy
BUSINESS TO which ii is entitled As member Of
the Mystical Body OF Christ. That tree of faith
can he harmed, even destroyed il adverse forces
are allowed to wreak their violence upon IT, or
II noxlous growths are allowed to spring up
around IL, likewise the leaven can be prevented
from exercising its power for good il il Is ex-
posed tn The cold wind Of Indifference The
Kft of faith Is the most precious possession man
can have and il must be nourished and protected,
By prayer, good works and the sacraments