davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1955-01-06
FredericzSdaIe

FREDERICKSDALE Mr..
Mrs. William Shaw and family
of st. Clairsville, spent the week
end with their parents, Mr.. Earl
Shaw and Mr.. and Mrs. Lewis
Davidson.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ernest Davis and
Mr.. and Mrs. Leslie Cater spent
Sunday with Mr.. and Mrs. Wal
ter Davis and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Marsh Snyder of
Columbus, were recent guests Of
her brother, Mr. Earl Shaw.
Misses Joyce Carter and Wan
da Davis attended a New Years
eve party at the home of Miss
Martha Stephens Of near Sen
ecaville.
Mr.. and Mrs. Levi Miller spent
Sunday with Mrs. Maggie Bey-
mer.
Mrs. Clarice Wickham is
slowly recovering from a severe
attack Of gallstones.
Mr.. and Mrs. Walter Davis and
Mrs. Edna Arnold attended a pot
luck supper and watch party at
the home of Mr.. and Mrs. Marcus
Cant Friday evening.
John Miller of SarahsviIle.
called recently on his brother,
Mr.. and Mrs. Levi Miller.
Mr.. and Mrs. James McCauley
and sons were recent guests of
Mr.. and Mrs. Norval Carter.
Mr.. and Mrs. Roy Wentworth
and sons called recently on Mr..
and Mrs. John Beatty.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1955-01-06

QUAKER CITL - Billy John
son of Oxon, Md, spent last
week with his parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Charles Johnson. Other
guests during the holiday season
included Mrs. Margaret Hover
son of Cleveland and Mrs. Ira
Morris and children of Canton.
Mr.. and Mrs. Floyd Gibson
and son Of Westerville, Mr.. and
Mrs Earl Gibson Of Columbus,
Miss Martha Gibson of Cincin-
natl, spent the Christmas week
end with their parents, Mr. and
Mrs. j. T. Gibson.
Mrs. Dale Webster and chill
dren visited last week with her
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Thoburn
Britten of near Mt. Ephraim.
Mr. and Mrs. Homer Smith
are spending this week with Mr..
and Mrs. Homer Bowles of
Greentown.
John Johnson has returned to
Ohio University, Athens, after
spending the holiday vacation
with his mother, Mrs. Ethel
Johnson.
Mrs. Mildred Floyd and Mrs.
Martha Morgan attended the
funeral of Mrs. Friend Wilson
at Summerfield on Friday after
noon.
Mrs. Dorothy Finley and chill
dren and Mrs. Mildred Floyd
were Caldwell visitors, Wednes-
day
Mr.. and Mrs. G.. E. Benjamin
and sons of GAINESVILLE, were din
ner guests on Friday evening of
Mr.. and Mrs. Hobart Bates and
called on other friends.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1955-01-06
MT. TABOR

MT. TABOR - Mr.. Otis Mar
tin, Mr. Charles Eschbaugh, Mr..
Kenneth Martin were business
callers in Caldwell last Tuesday.
Mr. and Mrs Neal Stephens
and daughters were calling on
Mr. and Mrs. Otis Martin and
family last Wednesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Otis Martin and
family visited Mr.. and Mrs. Jer-
ONE Morris and family, Friday
Mr.. Charles Eschbaugh, Mr..
Kenneth Martin, Mr. Roger Mar
tin, Miss Verna Martin and Miss
Nancy Lee Martin visited Mr..
and Mrs. Wiley Thompson and
daughter, Friday evening watch
ing the old year out and the new
year in, eating home made ice
cream.
Miss Elsie Wright visited Mr..
and Mrs. Wayne Mallett and
family, Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Neal Stephens
and daughter visited Mr.. and
Mrs. Otis Martin and family on
Sunday
Mr. Charles Eschbaugh, Mr..
Kenneth Martin, Miss Verna
Martin visited Mr.. and Mrs.
Jerome Morris and family, Sun
day evening.
Mr.. Cleon Leasure visited Mr..
Kenneth Martin, Wednesday.
Mr.. Kenneth Martin visited
Wednesday night with Mr.. Jim
Larrick.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1955-01-06
Pleasant Hill

PLEASANT HILL - Mr.. and
Mrs. Robert Young and children
and Ella Belle Cater of Zanes-
vile, spent Saturday with Leslie
Cater and family.
Miss Thelma Davis returned to
her school in Columbus Sunday
after spending the holidays vaca-
ton with her parents, Floyd
Davis and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Owen Larrick,
Nellie Snode, Mary Rogers and
Betty Cater attended the funeral
Of Ila Wilson at Summerfield on
Friday.
Miss Clyta Cater spent Satur-
day night and Sunday with her
cousins, Karen and Bobbie
Young in GAINESVILLE.
Mr.. and Mrs. Edgil Oliver OF
Cambridge, spent Sunday with
Vernon West and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Leslie Cater and
Wanda Davis called on Robert
Young and family in GAINESVILLE
on Sunday afterDoon. Clyta re-
turned home with them.
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Moser and
daughter of Warren, spent the
weekend with Carr Davis and
family.
Mrs. Jack Wilson and daugh-
ter of Caldwell, spent Sunday
with Carr Davis and wife.
James Stevens and family
have moved from the Lloyd Rich
house to the Alva Watson house
on the Laughlin farm and Wal
ter Bond moved to the LLOYD
Rich house.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1955-01-06
PLEASANT CITY NEWS

PLEASANT CITY - Mr.. and
Mrs. Earl Patton entertained at
their home New Years eve the
Four Couple Rook club. Mr.. and
Mrs Noah Shriver were high
score winners and Mr. and Mrs.
Victor Oliver received The
BOBBY" prize
A chicken plate lunch was ser
we'd by host and hostess to Mr..
and Mrs. Shriver and son, Dean,
Mr.. and Mrs. Oliver, Mr.. and
Mrs. Warren Miley and daugh-
ter, Betty.
Students Home
Among the college students
who have spent the mid-season
holidays with their parents, re-
latives and friends are Mr.. David
Gander, Ohio State and Miss
Connie Williams, Capital Uni
versity, Columbus, Miss Wanda
Cunningham and Mr.. Donald
Mercer, Muskingum college, New
Concord, Misses Joan Ontko and
Connie Swogger, Mr.. Warren
Williams, Robert Mckee, George
and Jerry Hvizdak and Mr..
Wayne Huff and family, Ohio
University, Athens.
Win Tourney
A large crowd of basketball
fans attended the mid-season
tournament at Philo on We'd
nesday and Friday nights of past
week. The Tigers" participated
and won the tournament by
beating Philo.
Personals
Mr.. and Mrs. Leonard Adair
of Degraff, visited over the week
end with her mother, Mrs. Win
Secrest and his sister, Mrs.
Olive Miley
Daniel German United States
Air Force, returned to his base
at Opheim, Montana after spend
ing fifteen days furlough with
his mother, Mrs. Susan German
and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Walter Powell
and daughters, Evelyn and Janet
of Mt. Ephraim, spent Monday
evening with Mr.. and Mrs. War
rem Miley and daughter, Betty.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ted Bayly and
son, Merlin, visited her mother,
Mrs. Anna Shimp Of Derwent on
Friday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Dalton Secrest
were New Years Eve guests of
MIR. and Mrs. Clarence Nichol-
sen of GAINESVILLE.
Miss Martha Miley of route l.
visited last week with her uncle
and aunt Mr.. and Mrs. Howard
Miley and cousin, Evelyn in Can
ton
Mr. and Mrs Melvin Cubbison
called on his brother and wife,
NI. ana MRS. Herman CubblSOn
Of Byesville on New Years eve.
Mrs. Ethel Larrick of Cald-
well visited over the weekend
with her daughter, Mrs. Delma
Williams and family.
Mrs. Clifford Secrest spent a
couple of days the past week
with her brother, Randolph
Murphy and family of ChaseviIIe
and helped with their butcher
ing.
Mrs. Ivan Oliver and daught-
er of Canton, visited last week
with local relatives and friends.
Miss Blanche Moore has re-
turned to Sharon, Pa, where
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-15
D. c. to Require
Turn Signals on
1856 Model Cars

The District Commissioners
finally gave up today and Joined
countless motorists in the theory
that you can't trust any drivers
hand signals.
They decreed that beginning
with the 1856 model automobiles
all cars must have automatic
turn signals to pass the District
vehicle inspection.
The new law does not include
even 1865 cars, but says all 1856
vehicles, except motor scooters
and motorcycles, must have the
automatic indicator.
Hand signals just aren't salts
factory" a spokesman for the
Vehicles and Traffic Department
said. when a person stuck
out his hand, you didn't know
whether he was going to turn
right. left, stop, back up, straight
UP or was merely waving at a
friend"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-15
; Units Hit Chest Goal

Three Government agencies
have already reached 100 per
cent Of their respective quotas
for the Community Chest
campaign which opens Off
cially October l. The agen-
cies, announced today at a
kickoff rally for the Govern
ment Units of the Chest, are
the Veterans Administration,
the FIJI and the Selective
Service System.
picture on Page B-1)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-15
Latest Hurricane Is Shiftinq,
Points for Open Atlantic

MIAMI, Fla, Sept. Is P.-
Frightened resident of Puerto
Rico and the Virgin and Lee
ward Islands relaxed today as
Hurricane lone began curving
gradually to the north, point
ing her 80-mile-an-hour winds
toward a vast expanse of open
Atlantic waters.
Meanwhile, tones older sister
Hilda rolled on westward across
the Caribbean Sea and is due to
slam into the Yucatan PENN
sula tonight.
Storm warning flags were low
cred over the Northern Leeward
and Virgin Islands and the
north and east coasts of Puerto
Rico as lone, small but grow
ing tropical twister, began the
northward swing that now is
taking her away from those land
areas.
After some IL hours on her
present course, Forecaster Cecil
Gentry Of the Miami Weather
Bureau said, lone may come I'M
der the influence of high pres
sure system to the North. This
could force her back to a westerly
direction.
A Miami Weather Bureau adj
visory at noon placed the storm
center $50 miles north-northeas
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-15

Iof San Juan. Puerto Rico. It
was moving toward the north
northwest at 16 miles per hour
with highest winds estimated at
20 to 80 miles per hour over
a small area around the eye.
Hilda. weakened by her en-
counter with the mountains Of
Eastern Cuba, had more than
regained her old power as she
moved through the Caribbean
80 miles south-southwest of Ha-
vana, Cuba.
At noon the Weather Bureau
reported that Hilda's highest
winds had reached 100 miles per
hour around the eye.
Hilda's dangerous winds were
expected to reach the Yucatan
Peninsula early tonight. North
ern British Honduras and the
Southern part of Mexico's Quin-
tana Roo Province were warned
to prepare for gale to hurricane
force winds and abnormally high
tides.
Mr.. Gentry said the northern
part of the Yucatan Peninsula is
mostly fiat country and there was
Ia good chance that Hilda could
cross this land mass and still
maintain its tropical storm char
Iacteristics as 1t entered the Gulf
,of Mexico.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-15
BY CROSBY S. MOVES
European Correspondent Of The Star

RABAT, French Morocco
Within the last 40 hours. the
story in North Africa has begun
to make sense. But If the over
all picture has become clearer.
the solution to the problem faced
by authorities here has not.
Within the last 40 hours, the
whole problem has changed.
Before, the major danger here
was a massive native revolt
against the French. Today the
danger is of q revolt Of the
French settlers themselves.
Events leading up to this state
of affairs can now be recon-
structed on good authority.
On August IL Premier Edgar
Faure set himself a deadline. He
would settle the Moroccan prob
lem, he promised, in q months
time. AS the deadline approached
with no solution In sight. the
government acted in precipitous
haste to slap together some
thing that would satisfy Moroc-
can Nationalist leaders.
Feared New Violence
What the men In Paris feared
was a new mass uprising Of the
native population. After the in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-15
Two Ships Collide
In Delaware Boy

WILMINGTON, DEL, Sept. Is
(P).--An American freighter and
a Swedish tanker collided in the
Upper Delaware Bay in heavy
fog this morning.
The bow-to-bow crash locked
the 6,664-ton freighter IS Edith
and the 25,000-ton tanker jose
fina Thorden together for more
than two hours. Later, they were
reported separated and at an
Choir. Neither ship, in radio re-
ports to the Coast Guard, listed
any casualties and neither in
dicated it was In immediate
danger Of sinking.
Scene of the 5 am. collision
was midway between Artificial
Island and Ship Johns Light
Station, As miles downriver from
Philadelphia.
The Coast Guard, which re-
ported the early morning fog on
the bay was "soupy," sent rescue
cutters to the scene from Glou-
cester and Cape May. N. J.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-15
Land Sale Aids
Vernon

A large tract Of land in Prince
Georges and Charles Counties
across the Potomac River from
Mount Vernon has been
purchased by Representative
Frances Bolton. Republican of
Ohio, to help preserve the nat
ural beauty of the historic
shrine.
Charles C. Wall, resident
superintendent of George Wash
ington's home. verified a report
that Mrs. Bolton purchased 485
acres before departing on a trip
to Africa about two weeks ago.
Sometimes known as the Bliss
estate, the land now is occupied
only by a large farmhouse and
a few farm buildings.
Mrs. Bolton. who is vice regent
in Ohio of the Mount Vernon
Ladies Association, bought the
land Independently of that or
ganization as a patriotic gesture,
it was said. The property was
purchased from Vaughan B.
Connolly, vice president and
part-owner of Hunting Towers
in Alexandria, who once lived on
the land.
Mr.. Wall characterized the
acquisition as a holding opera
ton to forestall adverse develop
ment Of commercial or domestic
interests on the land"
He said those interested in the
perpetuity of Mount Vernon as
it existed in Washington's day
had been concerned for a long
time about the encroachment of
business properties.
The land is IA miles directly
across the river from the CO.
lonial mansion.
The Mount Vernon Ladies AS
ISOLATION, meeting next month,
may have something to say about
what changes. if any, will be
made on the newly purchased
land. There is one thought of
developing it into a park area,
but the terrain may be left in
its present condition,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-15
District Seeking Funds
Slum-Preyention Plan

have outlived their economic
and should be closed. "
The cost of the overhaul would
be spread out over 20 years and
would be reflected in the new
rents, which also would cover all
costs of operation plus an
amount equal to taxes which
would be paid If the markets
were privately owned.
All told, the departments pro-
posed budget would BE 1901 OCT
higher than that for the current
year.
Guards Ask Increase
Meanwhile, the National Guard
asked for q budget Of $l89,275.
an. increase of $72,619. OF the
increase, $4,000 would be an
emergency contingency fund
to be held over from year to
year unless used-for the pay
ment of troops called out by the
President on recommendation
of the District Commissioners
"to protect property and assist
law enforcement agencies"
It also asked $1,000 to send
a six-man rifle team to the Ma
tional Matches at Camp Perry
Ohio, as a recruiting device; and
for funds to hire q carpenter
and day laborer.
The ONCE Of Civil Defense,
which repeatedly has seen its
See BUDGET, Page Az
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-15
Sewage Plan Approved

The Washington Suburban
Sanitary Commission today ap-
proved a S14.8 million, H.
point program for expansion
Of major sewage facilities
through 1860. The plan adopted
by the Commissioners was vir-
tuaIly the same as that recon-
mended on August 2 by Harry
B. Shaw, chief engineer Of the
commission.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-15

detailed reports from the For
eign Once on the negotiations
between Mr.. Adenauer and the
Russian leaders.
This indicated they needed
more time to make up their
minds whether to approve the
agreement to set up normal
diplomatic relations between
West Germany and the Soviet
Union. Mr.. Adenauer stipulated
the Moscow agreement should be
subjected to approval by the
Bonn Parliament.
viii Go to Parliament
According to Carlo Schmid,
vice president Of the Bundestag
dover housed, the agreement is
to be submitted to Parliament a
week from today. But this can
not be done until the cabinet
has decided what to recommend
to Parliament.
Mr.. Schmid, a leader Of the
opposition Socialists and a mem
Der of Mr.. Adenauer's delegation
in Moscow, attended today's
special cabinet session. He said
in a broadcast earlier that ac-
ceptance or rejection Of the
Moscow agreement would be a
tough decision for Parliament
to make.
Mr.. Adenauer discussed the
Moscow talks this afternoon with
leaders of the political parties.
including the Socialists.
While Soviet Premier Bull
ganin's oral promise to return
German prisoners has naturally
been welcomed in Bonn, some
politicians voiced doubt about
the wisdom Of exchanging am
bassadors with Moscow.
They argued this would imply
acceptance Of a division of Ger
many into rival states.
This feeling was heightened
See ADENAUER. Page "A
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-15
Southwest Plans
Near Approval
14-BIock Urban Renewal
Area Near CIV Asked

George Washington University
and District redevelopment ON
Gals are proposing q l4-block
urban renewal" area around the
university, which would provide
for its future development and
expansion.
The new campus area would be
bounded by Pennsylvania avenue
and F, Nineteenth and Twenty
third streets NV. Actual project
boundaries may be slightly
larger.
The District Redevelopment
Land Agency voted secretly to
recommend the development as
an official city renewal" project
two weeks ago. This afternoon,
the agency was to ask the Ma
tional Capital Planning Commits
sion to adopt the official boun-
daries-paving the way for de-
tailed planning.
Would Salvage Buildings
RIA Director John r. Searles.
IT., said his agency was APP
preached by George Washing
ton University officials a few
weeks ago. They outlined long
range plans the university has
had for expansion and asked
about the urban renewal possi-
bilities in the Northwest area.
Mr.. Searles said the first step
would be preparation of a new
plan for the university's expan-
sion, which would serve as the
official blueprint for urban re-
newal."
Unlike redevelopment projects
in Southwest Washington, where
entire areas would be wiped
clear Of existing structures, a.
number of buildings-or whole
blocks-would be left intact In
the university area.
The RIA would use its powers
of eminent domain to acquire
such land as would be needed
Ito comply with the ofilciAl "re-i
newai" plan. however, rehcilse
present occupants Of housing,
clear structures and sell the
cleared land to the evEloper.
In this case, the redeveloper
would be the university.
Owns Much Of Property
The university, one official
said, now owns about half Of the
property in the Lubbock area.
Early discussions, other sources
said, indicate the university is
interested in acquiring virtually
the entire area for its future use.
University President Cloyd H.
Marvin told q reporter the uni
versity sis in agreement with the
RIA and is happy to cooperate
with it," He declined to discuss
plans in any more detail until
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-15
Artillery Booms Again
At Quemoy and Annoy

TAIPEI, Formosa, Sept. is (P.
The heaviest artillery duel in
months doomed out today be-
tween the Chinese Nationalist
island of Quemoy and Commu-
mist mainland guns at Annoy.
The Nationalist Defense Min
'istry reported the Reds fired
more than 300 shells at Quemoy
and nearby Little Quemoy from
more than 20 artillery positions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-15
BULLETINS
BuIgonin Stricken

MOSCOW (P.-Tass an
nounced today Premier Nikolai
Bulganin is iii.
In addition to the almost UNI
precedented Tass announce
ment, Soviet President Kle-
menti Voroshilov told a Fin
nish delegation headed by
President Julio X. Paasikivi
and Prime Minister Urh0 Kek-
konen the 60-year-oId Soviet
Premier was too Ill to receive
them.
There was no hint in either
announcement as to the all
ment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-15

A new program Of "preven-
tive" inspection to keep $4,000
Washington homes from dete-
|riorating into slums is proposed
by the District Department OF
Licenses and Inspections in its
projected budget for the next
fiscal year.
Asking for permission to spend
81. 1884 during fiscal 1857,
which begins next July l. d.
rector Cabell Gwathmey reques-
ted $40,452 to get the preven-
tive inspection program under
way.
The job, he said. will require
addition of nine more inspectors
to the Housing Divisions branch
for planning and preventive ac-
|tivities which was set up earlier
this year with three inspectors.
The budget request said,
"There are some $4,000 unh-
censed, non-defective, residential
buildings in the District. About
IL, 900 of these buildings probably
will not require inspection on a
preventive program. This leaves
so 900 to be checked at an esti-
mated rate of 1000 per inspector
per year. The nine new inspec-
tors, together with the three
previously authorized would re-
uuire between two and three
years to complete the field in
spection cycle"
Ask Education Program
The request declared that "a
program of publicity and educa-
ton as well as enforcement OF
codes is required to arrest the
factors causing the depreciation
of properties and tendencies to-
ward slum conditions.
Without preventive activities any
jurisdiction carrying out a hous-
ing program could easily find
itself with q perpetually increas-
ing corrective housing workload."
The department also asked for
$240. 900 to overhaul the city's
Eastern and Western Markets in
what was called the first major
improvement there in 80 years.
Coupled with this program
were proposed boosts in rents
at the markets. 1T Is quite
probable" the budget request
said. that the adoption Of the
proposed program with the re-
sulting increases in rentals.
would price the District out Of
this business"
Fav0rs Market Closing
Last April. Mr.. Gwathmey
told House Appropriations sub
committee that the markets
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-15
GrunewaIdHeld
In Evasion Of
S96,2O7 Tax
Indictment Charges
Failure to Pay
Over Three Years

Henry CThe Dutchm a NJ
Grunewald was arrested here
early today and taken to Balti-
more to face charges he evaded
500, 207.12 in income taxes dur
ing three years.
Grunewald, 63-year-old WASH
ington influence peddler, was in
dicted by Federal Grand Jury
In Baltimo yesterday on
charges he failed to pay full
taxes in 1949, 1850 and 1851,
United States Attorney George
Cochran Doub said at Baltimore.
The indictment was kept sealed
until Grunewald's arrest. WASH
ington police picked him up
shortly after midnight, and
United States marshals took him
to Baltimore at 3 am.
He was released under SIC. 900
bail today pending arraignment
to be scheduled later. and left
the Baltimore Federal Court
house in the company Of his
Washington lawyers, Armand
Newmyer and Thomas Walden.
Paid $76.164.2o Tax
He gave his address as the
Carroll Arms Hotel, across the
street from the Senate Once
Building.
The indictment accuses him of
failing to report a full income of
$232. 976.25 in 1949 and a full tax
of $143, 330.38. That year he re-
ported $145.308.24 income and
paid a tax of $76.164.20, Mr..
Doub said.
In 1850, he reported an income
Of $110.674.48. and paid a tax Of
$54, 427.74. The indictment says
he should have reported $122.-
242.17 and paid a tax of $685.
170.14.
For 1851. he reported only ST.
194.03 income, none Of it tax
able, Mr.. Doub said. The indict-
ment states he should have re-
ported an income Of $50,577 Sc.
and paid a tax Of $40, 298.54.
Arraignment Due Soon
Mr.. Doiih said he planned to
confer today with Grunewald's
attorneys. and that arraignment
on the indictment probably
would be scheduled within oil
week or two.
Grunewald, sentenced to fivel
years in prison and fined $40, 000l
last March in a New York Fed
eral court on a tax fixing charge.
also faces trial here next month";
on perjury charges filed in 1854.
The perjury charges stemmed
from his denial that he discussed
tax cases with Danial A. Bolich,
former Internal Revenue Service
official.
He had been free under $50, 900
bond while he was appealing his
March conviction.