davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-02-18
C0NS0L- alton Prize FOR D'EWART

federal appropriations of REA.
He voted against federal appropriations
for Southwestern Power Administration and
Bonneville Power Administration, while vot-
ing for the Niagara Falls development by five
New York corporations.
D'Ewart also championed bills granting
grazing rights and lumber exploitation rights
to public lands, beneficial to the larger oper-
ators while clearing the way toward forcing
the little operator out of business. Neither
one of the 'Sgiveaway" bills return adequate
compensation to the u. S. nor do they protect
traditional public uses of these lands.
AS member of the House Ways and
Means committee, D'Ewart helped fashion
the new tax laws which provide great bene-
fits to large corporations, afford only minor
benefits to the average taxpayer while rob-
bing the federal treasury of billions of dol
lars in taxes.
He also voted against increased appropri-
ations for hospitals, school and public hous-
ing construction
Owner and operator of large livestock
farm in Park County, Mont, since 1918,
D'Ewart was a forest ranger from 1912 to
1918 and was member of the Montana state
legislature from 1887 to 1916, serving two
sessions in the House of Representatives and
three sessions in the Senate. - FARMERS
UNION HERALD.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-02-18
Publishers fiReIief'
Bill Fails I'm House

House Bill 81 which proposed a
new, higher schedule of prices to be
charged the various counties for
county printing, has failed to make
the grade. The House this week APP
proved an adverse committee report
on the bill.
AS introduced, lib 81 proposed
that the counties should pay from 10
to 80 per cent more for various items
of printing than the price schedules
set up the printers Bible, the
Franklin Price List Franklin pricing
is so figured as to return reason
able profit to publishers whose labor
is fully organized and who maintain
operations not more than 40 hours
each week.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-02-18
EMPTY HEADS ONLY
nSURpLUSv --pATTON

By Labor's Daily News Service
EAU CLAIRE, Wis.-"Empty
heads occupying the Department of
Agriculture" are the nations only
SURPRISES, a farm spokesman de-
clared here.
James C. Patton, president of
the National Farmers Union made
the charge in a blistering attack
on the administration farm pro-
gram at the Wisconsin Farmers
Union convention here.
Patton charged that the Eisen-
hover Administration has cut to
pieces the farm program built up
during the last 20 years.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-02-18
PREVAILING WAGE BILL
GAINS SENATE APPROVAL

House Bill 20 which proposes that
contractors on public projects must
pay the wage prevailing in a county
for like or similar construction work,
and must give hiring preference to
Montana people, has been given the
nod of approval by the Senate.
The bill, although watered down
in the upper house, according to labor
sources, is reasonably satisfactory in
the form it emerged from the Senate.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-02-18
WHAT is ACM DOING WITH
PONDERA'S $4,000?

"My county of Pondera," he en-
phasized, "is an average county, and
the taxpayers of Pondera want to
know what the ACM is doing with
the $4,000 subsidy we're paying
them.
Perhaps this $4,000 is paying
Bob Corette's salary when he ap-
pears at our committee hearings
to fight pollution control, or to tell
the legislators to kill all Silicosis
bills" the Senate Minority Leader
suggested.
"Mr. Senator, if yours is an av-
erage county, the $4,000 your tax
payers are substituting ACM may be
going to pay the salaries of lobbyists
Bob Corrette maintains in this Cap
itol building to buttonhole the Rep
and Senators every time
they step into the Hobbies, to per-
suade them to do right by the Ana
conda corporation" he stated in at
to bring home to his co.,
leagues the Importance of the bill he
had proposed for senatorial consider
alton.
''The $4,000 subsidy of third
county," Anderson pointed out would
pay the costs of maintain
ing Room 621 at the Placer Hotel
together with entertainment for the
A fourth county's $4,000
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-02-18

HB SOTO REPEAL 1853 LAW
HB $50 was an outright repeater"
of the now voided 1858 perpetual
leasing law. Had it been enacted it
would have reverted school oil land
leasing to the status of pre-1953,
with leases permitted to run maxi
mum of 20 years.
The Oil & Gas committee gave a
"do pass" recommendation to HB
$50. However, Rep. Gerard (R-Madi-
SOM placed substitute motion that
action on the bill be indefinitely
postponed.
The roll call on HB $50 is identical
to that of lib 381, with those voting
aye" voting against repeal of the
1853 law.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-02-18
THE MONTANA
LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL

will meet every Monday night at
P. NJ. in the Labor Temple, 10
North Warren, in Helena. The pur-
pose of the meetings is to discuss
legislation appearing before the
34th legislative assembly. The
meetings are open to the public
and legislators are all cordially in
vited TO attend.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-02-18
ANDERSON'S iNSiSTENCE INDUSTRY PAY COST OF
SILICOSIS STIRS UP HORNETS NEST I'M SENATE

would provide $165 worth of liquor
each and every day of the legislative
session for the company to use in
refreshing Senators and Representa-
tives on the legislative desires of the
ACM.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-02-18
Continued from Page One)

Continuing, Anderson quoted from
the 1854 report of the Department of.
Public Welfare, showing that $685.,
931 was paid to Silicotics in Silver
Bow County in 1858, and 1919, Isl
in 1854. "This," he said, els a sub
sidy of more than $4,000 for each
and every county of Montana
subsidy largely to the Anaconda Cop
per Mining Company.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-02-18
WHAT DOES ACM DO WITH
OTHER HALF MILLION?

"But, that still leaves more than
half million dollars in subsidies
from the other counties of the state.
I wonder what the ACM does with
that money. Some of it | am sure
goes into campaign funds for plant
candidates for political office. Some
of it will go to the company-owned
press-and some of it will find its
way to the almost equally subservient
company dominated press.
''At this point, members of the
Senate, | would like to direct your
attention to the press table and to
remark that so far as | have been
able to notice no reporter at the
table except the representative of
the United Press has touched pen
ell to paper since | started to talk
about the Anaconda Copper Mining
Company few minutes ago!
Gentlemen Of the Senate" Ander-
son concluded, "ny constituents are
sick of substituting ACM in its efforts
to dominate the state government of
Montana. I've talked with lot of
DGODIG dill ONCI LIIC oI6lbC anu NNa@A
assure you that everyone of you has
constituents who want to know why
Montana taxpayers must subsidize our
largest corporation. The taxpayers
are demanding that this load be lifted
from their shoulders We're going TO
have to pass occupational disease leg
islation.-Let's get started by pass
ing Senate Bill 1882
The roll call on Anderson's motion
to save SD 1913 follows:
For Placing Cost of Silicosis On
Industry Responsible
(I6)
Anderson Holland
(Pondera) James
Anderson Keller
(LincoIn) LaCombe
Angstman Mcdonnell
Cotton MCGOWAN
Dahl McKenna
Goodwin Rice
Croft Wenger
Against People Being Relieved of
This Unfair Burden
(33)
Alley Mc2ultIy
Balgord Mackay
Bovey Moritz
Bremen Murphy
Brewer Nutter
Padbury
Cole Robins
Dokken Robinson
Donahoe Sagunsky
Dwyer Scofield
Taylor
Harken Walton
Hatch Wallace
Hibbs Wenz
Jellison Worden
Larson Working
Lindquist
EXCUSED: McCabe, Nesvig, Ross.
ABSENT: Mahoney, Manning, Will
son, Spear.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-02-18
Continued from Page One)

be permitted to hold such leases Tor
a period of 40 years, subject to re-
negotiation at the end of the first
20 years, and at the end of the third
10 year period. At the end of 40
wears a producing lease would again
have to have been put up for com
petitive bids. At the present time such
producing leases must be put up for
competitive bidding at the end of the
first 20 years.
lib $50, by Minette and others,
should it become law, will seriously
impair the authority of the State Land
Board to administer state lands IN
the best interests of the public schools.
HB $50 proposes that the land board
be limited to a flat $1.00 per acre
annual rental on all school leases. At
present the minimum per acre charge
is Is cents. However, the land board
has the authority to increase such
annual rentals if production and other
factors warrant such an increase, for
the benefit of the schools Income
& Interest Current operations Fund.
lib $50 also proposes that the
authority to cancel any lease which
lessee has not brought into pro-
duction by the end of the first two
years of a lease, be taken from the
board Under terms of lib $50,
the discretion whether to drop a
lease or continue it at the end of
the two-year base period, or to
continue to hold the lease under a
statutorily- fixed moderate schedule
of delay drilling penalties, would
be given the lessee.
Opponents of this latter clause
point out that should this bill be-
come law the schools would stand
to lose huge sums of money, par
ticularly in "proven" fields where
it might be advantageous profit-wise
to the lessee to hold off drilling on
a school lease until near the end of
the primary leasing period of 10
years.
The roll call on lib $50 was taken
IN substitute motion by Anderson
yellowstone to reverse the Oil
Gas committees "do not pass
("Aye" votes were
or weakening the Land Boards aE-
hority. "Nay" votes were for pre-
erving the boards authority, and
hus protecting the financial inter
.sts of the schools.)
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-02-18
ROLL CALL ON 4o-YEAR LEASES

The Oil & Gas committee gave a
do pass recommendation to HB
381, to permit maximum length of
oil leases up to 40 years. AS a sub
stitute motion Rep. Jeudeman (R-
Toole) successfully moved that con-
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-02-18

EXCUSED: McCabe, Nesvig, Ross.
ABSENT: Mahoney, Manning, Will
son, Spear.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-02-18
For Reversing Committees

For Reversing Committees
Recomme ndation
(5D
Anderson Howard
yellowstone Juedeman
Armstrong Leuthold
Baumgartner Loughran
Baxter Minette
Bentz Mountain
Bricker MySSe
Breeder Nelstead
Chaffin Nichols
Conrad Norby
Crist Nybo
Cunningham Phillips
Dempsey Pierce
Felt Powell
Fry Purdy
Fulton Reed
Gebhardt Regain
Gerard Sales
Gleed Sax
Goan Sippe1
HaineS Smith
(F1athead) Tango
Haines Taylor
(Prairie) Tobin
Haines Walton
(Missoula) Wetzsteon
Hancock Wilson
Hawks
For Protecting the Schools Financial
Interest In Leases
(4D
Anderson Jensen
(Cascade) Lee
Barnard Macdonald
Barrett McAndreWs
Beck McInnis
Bick McOmber
Clark Mahoney
Cloves Mangan
Cumming Michels
Daniels Nelson
Durkee Nixon
Emmons Parker
Gershmel (Pondera)
Goodgame Parker
Grant fWibaux)
Graybil Picotte
Gunderson Reardon
Hagenston Rieder
Hess Ringing
Holecek Schumacher
Holtz Siderius
Hooks Wood
EXCUSED: Cerovski, Allen.
ROLL CALL ON 4O-YEAR LEASES
The Oil & Gas committee gave a
do pass" recommendation to HB
81, to permit maximum length of
oil leases up to 40 years. AS sub
stitute motion Rep. Jeudeman (R-
ToolaA c17oooccf,,I1x- WI +L,+ 49,,
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-02-18
For Giving Go-Ahead To School
Oil Land Leasing

(42)
Anderson Lee
(Cascade) Macdonald
Barnard McAndrews
Barrett McInniS
Beck McOmber
Bick Mahoney
Clark Mangan
Cloves Michels
Cumming Minette
Daniels Nelson
Durkee Nixon
Emmons Parker
Gershmel (Pondera)
Goodgame Parker
Grant (Wibaux)
Graybil1 Picotte
Gunderson Reardon
Hagenston Rieder
Hess Ringing
Holecek Schumacher
Holtz Siderius
Hooks Wood
Jensen
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-02-18
lib 3so-To REPEAL 1858 LAW

EXCUSED: Allen, Cerovski.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-12-01
Artificial Breeding
Told In Bulletin

THE PROGRESS of artificial breed
ing in the us. and Montana is re-
viewed by j. o. Tretsven, extension
dairy specialist, in Artificial Breeding
of Dairy Cattle, new circular pub
lished by the Montana Extension Serv-
ice.
The bulletin explains the advantages
of the system and describes the services
available through the Western Montana
Dairy Breeders association, along with
answers to questions dairymen fire.
quently ask about artificial insemina-
ton.
Since artificial breeding of dairy cat
tie began in Montana on an organized
basis in 1947, more than $4,000 cows
have been bred by this method. Around
II 900 cows were bred artificially last
year and the state will soon have be-
tween $4,000 and 20, Oc0 producing cows
as a result of artificial dissemination,
the circular points out.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-12-01

lot of Thatcher" turned out to be
80 per cent Marquis and 5 per cent
Ceres. With the remainder, the per-
centage of mixture varied from very
small amount up to 5 per cent, with
a few still higher.
Slight mixtures of recommended va
rieties is of little concern. 1t does point
up this situation that we are sure to-
run into. We had a good sized acreage
of Durum grown in Montana this past
year Durum is going to show up in
our hard red spring wheat fields before
long. Unless extreme care is taken to
avoid such mixtures someone is going
to get locked at the market place
eventually.
Here's another reason why it is
important to 'sKnow What You Sow
Wen say you are in a sawfIy area.
Rescue wheat is sawfly resistant
variety so you decide to switch over
and seed all Rescue. But you had to
buy all of your Rescue seed last spring.
This fall you noticed lot of sawfly
cutting and right away you declared
that it was no good 1t was possible
that you got hold of Marquis or Thatch-
er instead. I am citing this example,
as I know it happened this past year.
1t wasn't Intentional on the part of
the individual selling the seed. tt so
happened he had two bins of seed-one
of Thatcher and one of Rescue but
they got Switched in the hired mans
mind The bins weren't labeled as to
variety on the outside.
There are also cases of high-powered
seed statesmen Intentionally misrepre-
senting seed lots they are offering for
sale. They are not credit to the
It is easy enough for a va
riety to lose its identity as it is.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-12-01

tana counties last spring showed t
suitable for planting. County Az
recording information from a DaW
to begin with. If so, it's a good in.
vestment.
/ out of Ii
One out of every 10 acres of cultivat-
ed land in Montana is today infested
with at least one of the ten most inn
portant perennial weeds we have. Per-
haps one out of every two acres now
has wild oats. Why? Largely because
of the seed that we have been sowing.
Montana farmers are losing more
money because of weeds than the total
damage to crops caused by diseases
and insects.
Seed Cleaning
We thought it desirable to find out
what the common practice of farmers
is with respect to where the seed is
cleaned. The following table gives this
information.
Per Cent
Commercial cleaning plant, ~. 1879
On-the-Farm .-..-...........-. 14.O
MOI Cleaned ................---. As
Unknown .-......-....... rs
Approximately "a per cent of all
grain is cleaned at commercial
cleaning plant or elevator. Present day
transportation facilities have encour-
aged this practice. It is convenient
and treating can be done in the same
operation. However, cleaning plants
vary with respect to the job they do.
This may be due to variations in quail
ity of equipment, experience of the
operator or the fact that the grain de-
Ivered is not suitable for cleaning in
the first place.
Seed Treating
The following table shows the COM
mon practice with respect to seed treat
ment for each three crops:
Wheat Barley Oats
Seed treated 80. 70 go As
Not treated . IA IL %
By seed treatment we are referring to
materials used to control sinking smut,
primarily, as well as protection against
other seeding diseases. There is room
for. improvement here and especially
where materials are being used today
that were outdated Is to 20 years ago.
VarietaI Purity
When the samples were collected at
the drill box the farmer indicated the
variety of seed being sown. To de-
termine if the variety indicated was
correct and also to determine the extent
of variety and crop mixture, sample
Of the seed was planted in a rod row.
Of the 70 samples of wheat sown only
la were declared 100 per cent pure and
IN agreement with the variety indicated
by the farmer.
One farmer had Thatcher-he thought
that turned out to be SO per cent
Mida Mida is variety not recon-
nended for production in Montana, al
hough some is being grown in the
EASTERN part of the state. Another
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-12-01

N STOCKN1AN
through which reliable tell about their products
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1955-04-15
Nitrogen Fertilizers
CONTINUED from page y

Continued from page y
gas is used in the solution, some Is
developed and to prevent loss of nitro
gen, it is necessary to apply the solu-
ton to a depth in the soil of about two
inches.
8. AnhydrOus ammonia. Anhydrous
ammonia is pure ammonia which exists
as liquid under considerable pres
sure, but as soon as the pressure is
released, it changes to a gas. On a
hot summer day, it may exert pres
sures of 200 to $50 pounds per square
inch, and this must be taken into con-
Sideration in storing or handling this
material. The material must be APP
piled to the soil at a depth of about
six inches so the soil can absorb the
gas before it escapes. After the am
monia is absorbed by the soil, micro
organisms in the soil convert it to
nitrate as with ammonia from other
sources.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1955-04-15
Range Management
Group TO Meet

THE INTERNATIONAL Mountain
section of the American Society OF
Range Management will hold its spring
meeting May IS. 26 and 81 at Jackson
in the heart of the famed Big Hole
Basin country of southern Montana.
w. E. Fry, supervisor of the Beaver
head National Forest, is in charge OF
the meeting.
Registration viii be at the Diamond
Bar Hotel at Jackson, Wednesday, May
IS. On Thursday the group viii tour
ranches in the Basin, have picnic
lunch and return to Jackson for the
evenings entertainment and banquet.
On Friday the group will visit ranches
under the direction of Homer Turner
and disband at Dillon.
The American Society of Range Man
agement is open to anyone interested
in range grass production.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1955-04-15
Beet Workers Wage
Rates Announced

THE USDA HAS announced mini
mum wage requirements for the 1855
sugar beet crop for areas outside the
California region. Producers must pay
workers In accordance with those re-
quIrements as one of the conditions
for receiving payments authorized by
the amended Sugar Act of 1948.
Piecework rates for thinning, hoeing
and wedding vary by operator and
wage district. Piecework rates for pull
ing, topping and loading may be
agreed upon between producer and
worker but the earning of workers at
such rates must not be less than 20
cents per hour. The minimum time
rates are IS cents per hour for hand
work, thinning, hoeing and wedding
and 20 cents for pulling, topping and
loading. The time rates for all other
operations are to be as agreed upon
between producers and workers.
In addition to cash wages, producers
are required to furnish workers with
out charge customary perquisites such
as housing, garden plot and similar
items.
A public hearing on the matter of
wage rates for the 1855 crop was held
in five cities of the sugar beet produc-
ing area during November and Decem-
Der 1854 in accordance with the Sugar
Act of 1913, as amended.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1955-04-15

Average milk production per cow
has increased nearly 1,5OO pounds dur
ing the last 20 years. That's an increase
of 81 per cent. Average production per
cow in 1854 was SSH pounds of milk.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1955-04-15


must be understood that all lands have
not yet reached the stage of severe
deficiency in the plant foods, but most
of the failures in testing were because
of faulty methods.
AS a result of all the past experiences
there is some reliable information about
materials and methods for fertiIizing
dry lands.
/. We know that there is no overall
recommendation that applies to all
fields on all farms.
2. It has been shown that on most
fields 80 pounds of treble SuperphoS-
plate applied with the seed will pro-
duce profitable return on the invest
ment.
3. On good summerfaIIowed fields
there is usually enough nitrogen re-
leased by the summerfallow process to
supply the needs of the crop with what
moisture is available. There are ex-
ceptions to this rule, as on some fields
the nitrogen is so low even after sum-
merfallowing it is safe and profitable
to add small amounts of this element.
An application of so pounds of a COM
bination such as 1O-2O-O or $500 is
often very successful
A. We know from all experience that
we must pay back what we owe.
Apply With Seed
In regard to phosphorus, every busheI
of wheat requires the equivalent of
one pound of treble superphosphate.
For S0-bushel crop we need to put
back 80 pounds of phosphate. To be
effective, this must be applied with the
seed. So many operators would like to
broadcast these small amounts. of fer
tilizer, but they must be put down in
the furrow with the seed. If we broad
cast and work the fertilizer into the
ground, it takes as much as one hun
dred pounds to equal the small amounts
recommended with the seed, and this
increases the cost.
Thirty pounds of phosphate applied
with the seed cost $114. Let us say
that all the cost of material and labor
70 apply 80 pounds is an even So per
acre. With wheat at So per bushel it
axes the first busheI of increase to
BAY the cost of fertilization The second
ouShe1 of increase is worth another 81
'r is 100 per cent profit on the So spent
IN fertilizing the crop. Not bad deal.
AS long as we can get sufficient nitro
zen from the summerfallow process it
nay be good economy to use it up.
But again we must remember that the
otal nitrogen supply in the soil is
apidly being used up. Some fields need
itrOgen now IF the protein appears
0 be going down, or the crop does not
ave dark green color, we should be 6
lert to these evidences and begin the 6
sc of nitrogen in conservative amounts. 6
Make Tests on Field !.
A chemical analysis of the soil will
e of some help and is the true scien-
fic method to follow. However, it is
etter to use our own observations on
he crops and to make our own tests
/ the field. Small test plots or strips !.
re inexpensive and are effective in Il
cling true story They are in reach ?
every operator, and we will have to =
eep everlastingly at some kind of .
sting program, for the soil and con- L
tions are always changing. There is :
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1955-04-15

April IS, l055-27.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1955-04-15

Adams Hard-Faced Chise1s and Spikes are
made with special features for extra wear
resistance. An extremely heavy deposit of
hard metal is applied to them. AS result
they penetrate better and last three times
longer than ordinary chisels and spikes.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1955-04-15

ilI !, 9

OLDEST AND LARGEST MANUFACTURES OF
HARD-FAcED FARM TOOLS IN THE UNITED STATES
ADAFTS HARD FACED TOOLS Distributed by
Evening star., 1955-07-17

that formerly were the Pres
ident's. One Of those duties
was passing upon every appli-
cation for retirement Of Navy
and Marine Corps officers. Be-
lieve it or not, that's just one
See BEALE on Page Dill