davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-05-21
10th Street

loUI 0LIeeb
Dear Sir:
MY wrens refuse to get in
the neat house I put up just
for them.
ut is a beautiful red, but
maybe they don't like that
color.
please let me know about
"Yours truly, M. L. S."
Color taste of wrens is a
difficult subject.
The safest thing to do is to
paint a birdhouse a neutral
color, such as brown, gray or
green.
These blend we'll with leaves,
and run no chance of affecting
the birds the wrong way.
After all, the psychology of
bird life has never been stud
led, except in a very rudi-
mentary manner.
They seem to be much like
humans, in their care for their
children, but even there they
show many differences.
A large cowbird baby, in q
nest with warblers, will be ac-
cepted by the mother warbler
the same as her own offspring.
In fact, she will feed the
young cowbird the most feed.
even to the detriment, and
sometimes the loss, of her own.
When it comes to color
sense, the birds may be said to
have none, except as to their
own mates.
Then, there can be little
doubt. the resplendent feathers
of the male sex have an ap-
peal to the female.
But who can say, definitely,
that it is not the strut. as
we'll as the feathers, that wins
her heart? The male sex, all
up and down the line, from
fish to man. revels in boasting,
showing off, and calling to the
world, Look at me, what a
fine fellow I am"
Even when birds seem to
"go" for short lengths of COL
ored yarns, placed in the yard
at nesting time, it is prob
ably the material, rather than
the color, that attracts them.
If yarn is draped over the
branch of a tree, it should be
in very small pieces, not more
than 4 inches long, rather than
the several feet sometimes put
out.
There is always a possibility
that some ardent bird mother
will hang herself with the
longer lengths.
To be on the utterly safe
side. the shorter ones are ad-
viSable.
1t is true that one does not
often see such an accident, but
every now and then there ap-
pears a photo of it.
1t can happen.
Even the Baltimore oriole, in
constructing it's hangnest, can
uses short pieces of twine, al
though for its best purposes it
seems to need them longer.
Il
Every summer we hope an
oriole will appear, but the days
go by. the weeks and the
months, and there is never an
oriole.
This is a loss to any yard,
although fewer and fewer
Baltimore orioles have ap-
peared here over the years.
Evening star., 1955-05-21
That Immortal Man

I cite you page 217. Volume
8, The Encyclopedia Ameri-
cana, where the life of Davy
Crockett is related, and which
contains the following: ". i.
and in 1886 he was one of the
force of 140 which defended
Alamo, and, as one of the six
survivors who surrendered. was
shot by order of Santa Anna"
Mrs. Meadowcroft naturally
did research before writing the
STORY of Davy Crockett"
which The Star recently pub
lished. But that young lady
implies that every defender
was killed in the actual de-
fense of the Alamo. In fact,
she says: But when the at
tack ended, after an hour OF
bitter fighting, not one of them
was left alive"
Davy Crockett's birthplace
was considered worthy of SEN
atorial comment recently. The
manner of his death intrigues
me, and in the interest of ac-
curacy I spend my three cents
for a postage stamp to make
this inquiry of you and
Mrs. Meadowcroft. How did
Davy Crockett die?
Zelma d. Barrow.
Editors note: The Diction-
ary of American Biography
holds that Crockett "fell bull
let-ridden in the final assault"
on the Alamo, but the National
Cyclopedia of American Biog-
raphy and Appleton's Cyclic
pedia of American Biography
agree with the Encyclopedia
A ~ ay.i n g vyare,Ax,
Evening star., 1955-05-21
For Cleaner Movies

In a recent evening paper I
counted five movies which were
definitely not for young people,
one labeled Adults Only" a
common restriction. The other
four movies appeared to be in
the same category!
1t would certainly be a
worthwhile endeavor If civic
groups could keep such movies
out of the theaters. Put the
pressure on the movie industry
like the pressure Is being ap-
piled to publishers Of crime
comics.
Subscriber.
Evening star., 1955-05-21
Food for Thought

Dorothy Thompson recently
directed attention to Soviet
internal weakness as the prob
able explanation of Moscow's
apparent new behavior. This
applies particularly to agricul-
ture. There may now be a
greater inclination in Moscow
to engage in "agrarian reform"
than in a war in the Far East
further straining Soviet re-
sources. Not long ago, those
who referred to the Chinese
Evening star., 1955-05-21
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used IT
letters carry lDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
Sdtion.
Evening star., 1955-05-21

@. Where did the first epi-
demic of polio break out? How
long ago is it since doctors
first recognized this disease?-
G. r.
A. The first instance of any,
thing like an epidemic hap
pened on the island Of st.
Helena, in the South Atlantic,
in 1886. Outbreaks followed
in Norway in 1868, in France
and Sweden in 1880, in north
eastern United States after
1890 and in the South about
1910. The disease first came
to the attention Of physicians
towards the end of the 18th
century. 1t was named infan-
tile paralysis because it was
believed to occur only in chill
dren.
@ When an orion sweater
has stretched and become out
of shape. can it be shrunk back
to its original size?-L. M.
A. Orion does not have the
elasticity of wool. and once an
Orion sweater is stretched 1t
cannot be shrunk or blocked
back TO its original size.
Evening star., 1955-05-21

Fitzpatrick, st. Louis Post-Dispatch
"Chance for q Broad View
of Things"
Communists as "agrarian re-
formers" were denounced as
denying their subservience to
Moscow. Those who now hope
that from the summit" will
come peace on livable terms
may wonder If some subserv-
ience may not be a good thing.
Sidney KoretZ.
Evening star., 1955-05-21
Questions and Answers

A reader can get an answer by mail
to any factual question ~ writing
The Evening Star Information Bu-
reau 1900 Eve st NV Washington,
5. D e Please tnclose 2 cents for
return postage
By THE HASKIN SERVICE
Evening star., 1955-01-17
BY George Beyeridqe

The Interior Department will
ask Congress for money during
the next few months in order to
start planning for the Jones
Point Alexandria bridge in adj
vance of the fiscal year starting
next July /.
This speed-up In the Jones
Point project. revealed In the
1856 budget request President
Eisenhower sent to Capitol Hill
today, came as q sharp surprise.
For Constitution Bridge.
Money for another bridge
across the Potomac River-at
Constitution avenue was con-
tanned In the Districts budget
requests. This amounted to So
million to get construction url-
derway Funds totaling $780, 900
to widen Key Bridge also we're In
the District budget.
The bulk of the Interior re-
quest--including funds for major
parkway projects IN the Wash
ington area was for appropria-
tions which would become avail
able during the fiscal year start
ing July !.
The budget disclosed. however,
that a $675.000 item to start the
Jones Point planning soon win
Evening star., 1955-01-17
S34 Billion Sought
For Military, With
Stress on AirpoWer
Atomic Bombers Called
Principal Deterrent to
Possible Aggression
By John A. Giles

President Eisenhower today
asked Congress to allow the
military to spend s34 billion in
the next fiscal year with greater
emphasis on atomic-equipped
airpower "as the principal deter
rent to military aggression"
Individual programs OF the
Defense Department actually
totalled 1857 billion. But Secfe4
tary Of Defense Wilson, the
President explained, estimated
he would find "more opportuni-
ties for savings and economies"
which would aggregate SITS bill
lion. It was the first time such
an ''unallocated" saving esti-
mate had been included in q
defense budget.
Two Thirds for Air Power. !
About two-third of the mill
tary spending outlay in the fiscal
year beginning July /, will be
devoted to airpower and re-
lated programs-both offensive
and defensive" Mr.. Eisenhower
said these expenditures would be
the largest in peacetime history.
Three additional atomic-pow-
cred submarines are planned
The first such warship the
Nautilus -- begins sea trials to-
day. Another already is under
construction. Two more have
been authorized.
sThe Atomic Energy Commits
sion and the Defense Depart
ment viii expand and accelerate
research on atomic powered air
craft and will continue develop
ment work on small transport
able power reactors for military
use, !" Mr.. Eisenhower said. The
first such reactor currently is
being built at Fort Belvoir, Va.
81 Billion for Acc.
Aside from Defense Depart
ment expenditures. nearly So bill
lion will be spent by Acc In
fiscal SO, the message revealed.
The President asked Congress
to allow the armed services to
make new contracts totaling
1929 billion. Nearly 80 per cent
would be for procurement and
production. Approximately so
per cent would go for aircraft.
Acc would be allowed to obli-
gate an additional SIS billion
under the Eisenhower budget.
In round figures the Army
would spend $8.8 billion, the
Navy $9.7 billion and the Air
4 Force $l5.6 billion. New legis-
lation, such as the projected
military pay raise. would take
up 81 billion, while the Defense
Secretary'S Once would spend
some $700 million.
For the Federal Civil Defense
Administration. the President
estimated expenditures of only
| $54.6 million. = nearly So mil
lion cut. He explained that the
primary responsibility for civil
defense rests with the States
and cities.
Here Is . breakdown Of the
lSee DEFENSE. Page A-e.l "
Evening star., 1955-01-17
Plane From Paiuxeni
Crashes in Atlantic
OFF Newfoundland
Two Engines Go Out
On Super Constellation
With l3 Aboard
. Is. A..oeiassd Press

CORNER BROOK. Newfound-
land. Jan. TIA United States
Navy four-engine Constellation.
bound for Patuxent River Naval
Air Station, Maryland, crashed
in the Atlantic of southwest
Newfoundland today and search
planes over the spot reported no
trace of the Is occupants.
The plane had been airhorne
less than two hours, out OF Har-
mon Air Force Base, m miles
from here, when the pilot re-
ported one OF his engines had
failed. Moments later he said q
second motor cut out.
tAt Patuxent the plane was
Identified as an R7B-i--a
Super Constellation based
there.
The Identities Of those aboard
were refused until the situation
clarified.
Life Rats Believed Empty
Search planes from Harmon
returned with reports Of sight
ing yellow life rats in the sea,
However. the pilots said there
did not appear 70 be any one IN
them.
The Constellation carried a
crew of six and Harmon Field
said there were seven passengers
aboard.
The aircraft took on at 3:52
am. The first distress signal
from the pilot was received al
Harmon at about 5:45 am, and
the second shortly afterward.
Searchers Speed TO Scene.
A search and rescue crashboat
was speeding to the area. A
CAT twin -engine transport plane
and q helicopter were ordered
to stand by II needed in q rescue
operation.
The Constellation was esti-
mated to have covered only
about 10 airline miles from Har-
mon when 1t ditched. The pilot
did not indicate the nature Of
the trouble that had foiled his
engines.
He was following what Il
known as the inside airways
tracks--a route that would have
taken the plane over Mono
ton. N. 3.
Evening star., 1955-01-17
Woshipg Machine Sold
First Day by Star AID

MrS D. :. was in The masket for
q new woshins moehine, but woated
to sell her old one FIRST. Placing an
cd in the sMiseslloneous for Sale"
columns of The Stcr Classified. she
sold the item the first day her I'd
eppeofed
When yea won't 10 buy. ttods o.
sell q miscellaneous ifsm-whetheF
lis wuskins machine. picture irorse
Or bobY esrriass--seli Il to ths leas-
esloblishsd endienes ei The stsr
reodsrS
feef IN end yeor on. The Sser
produces the best yAar.'reahd results
for elassisisd edesssisesE That's
Why Il publishes more elossiIisd eds,
thea The sshAs Washington nevspaps
eembiaed.
Phone Sterling 5000 and s,k iW
sn sd-soket. y
Evening star., 1955-01-17
Nixon to Pump for Polio Drive
AS Gus Station Worker Here

contribute its days profits to the
March Of Dimes.
The Vice President viii for,
rnally initiate the Pumping for
Poiio' phase Of the campaign
which win be held III various
cities throughout the Nation
between now and the END Of the
fund campaign, Januafy 81.
March Of Dimes ofllciels are
urging motorists to tell Mr. Nixon
TO .Fill 'er up for polio and aid
in the campaign against the
crippling disease.
Evening star., 1955-01-17
For the Nation:

For the Nation:
SPENDINGFiscal 1856 es-
innate is 1924 billion. which is
$1.l billion less than the cur
rent year.
INCONdEIt It's expected to
exceed this years by 81 billion,
reaching a $50 billion total.
DEFICIT These estimates
put the deficit at $2.4 billion.
compared to the $4.5 billion
now estimated for fiscal 1855.
TAXES - Reductions are
necessary as soon as possible.
but they can't be afforded this
year. Maybe next year.
DEFENSE This biggest
spending item calls for $40.5
billion for major national Sc
curity," which is IS ger cent
Of the total budget.
PHILOSOPHY IA liberal
attitude toward the welfare Of
the people and q conservative
approach to the use Of their
money" "
Evening star., 1955-01-17

Vice President Nixon win wipe
windshieids WEDNESDAY at q
downtown gas station as q new
March Of Dimes drive Is initiated.
Mr.. Nixon. who worked his
way through college as q gas
station attendant. win donate
his services to the March Of
Dunes drive by wipine wind
shields. filling un gas tanks and
geueraily acting Is . gas station
attendant at an Anoco station.
Ninth street end Pennsylvania
avenue Sc. me station win
Evening star., 1955-01-17
4U. 5. Fighters Fly
To Aid Of COSTA Riea
Against Uprising
OAS Approves Sule
OF World War II
Plones OF ST Apiece
By fhe Associuisd Press

SAN JOSE, Costa Rica, Jan.
i7.-United States Air Force
pilots rushed four fighter planes
TO Costa Rica today to help the
embattled government challenge
rebel control Of the air.
The planes-World War II
Mustangs sold BY the United
States Government to Costa
Rica repeatedly for 81 apiece
were due here this morning.
Costa Rican pilots will man the
craft against the rebels. who
reportedly have an air force OF
one fighter and two trainers.
The Organization Of American
states, authorized transfer Of
the combat planes to bolster
this nations armed forces in the
six-day uprising.
Costa Rica has accused her
northern neighbor, Nicaragua,
of stirring up the revolt. The
latter has denied the charge. but
an OAS investigating team has
reported that q substantial
amount Of the rebel war mate
rial was introduced over Costa
Rica's northern border.
Makeshift Air Force.
Until the transfer Of the United
States planes. the Figueres gov
ernment's makeshift air force has
consisted chiefly Of slow civilian
transports hastily armed with
machineguns.
Meanwhile. fighting erupted
again yesterday on the only ac-
tive front. 1T Santa Rosa plan
tation IN Northwest Costa Rica
near the Nicaraguan border. The
continued activity In that area
appeared to indicate q decisive
battle might be shaping up.
A general staff communicate
said government troops. unofii-
cially estimated at 1000 men,
held fast In a clash yesterday
afternoon although the rebel
forces gelc aided by one plane,
Loc:. :...ssst forces on Saturday
had claimed victory in a majCi
slirmish at santa Rosa. Infor-
mants said the outbreak yester-
day came north Of the planta-
ton center when government
troops moved out from positions
captured in the engagement tht
day before.
Reports from the front said
President jose Figueres had u
| tsee COSTA RIGA. Page Ala,
Evening star., 1955-01-17
Federal Job Level
Virtually Unchanged
In New Budget
Attrition Con Take Gore
Of Cuts, Officials Soy;
Defense to Lose 1000
By Joseph Young

President Eisenhower's 1856
fiscal budget message to Con-
gress today would just about
retain the present level Of Fed
eral employment.
Very little, il any. iayoffs would
be necessary, Federal officials
say. Any personnel cuts could
in all likelihood be taken care
Of by attrition--not filling some
vacancies, they declared.
5000 Fewer In Defense.
The Defense Department would
have an overall decrease Of 1000
civilian jobs. Its present total
Of l,l44.000 civilian positions
would be cut to 1,135.000. De-
Tense officials said the reduction
was one that easily could be
absorbed BY normal attrition.
The Air Force would increase
the number Of its civilian jobs
by 10000 from the present total
of 900, 1000 to 318, 900. The Army
would be cut $4,000 civilian Jobs
from 422, 900 to 417, 900. The
Navy would be cut by 5000 civil
ian jobs-from 4l2. 900 to 4o9. 900,
Relatively minor increases or
reductions in personnel would
be in store for other agencies,
with some retaining their present
strength.
The ,000-employe Post Of
fee Department would increase
its employment by several thou
sand. The Veterans Administra-
ton would reduce the number
of its jobs by 900. The Civil
Service Commission would add
$50 positions.
In his budget message to Con-
gress, Mr.. Eisenhower asked
additional funds for the csc to
hire new employees because the
commission plans to step-up
the number Of its competitive
job exams.
For Retirement System.
The President also asked that
the Government contribute $21e
million during the fiscal yeai
toward the civil service retire
ment system. The Government
has not paid any money into the
fund for the past two years. Mr.
Eisenhower said the civil servics
retirement and disability system
should be financed '.on q more
satisfactory basis and referred
to the Kaplan Committee pro.
posals for a sound and LASTING
financial basis for the civil serv.
ice retirement system. "
President Eisenhower aiss
asked for q $40 million supple.
mental payment to the varioul
States through June 80 to REIN.
burse them for payments made
to Federal employees under tn,
new unemployment compensa'
tion program. He also said 81
million win be needed to REIN.
byrse the States during the 1856
! fiscal year.
Evening star., 1955-01-17
For the District:

K fIl1 II g.
SPENDING-The fiscal 1856
estimate Is T5.184.000, or
$5,196,8O more than this
years appropriations.
INCOM e. Estimated at
$169. .I01. 700 for fiscal 1856, as
compared with $l62, 2,9l5, 400
this year.
DEFICIT The budget Is
unbalanced in the general fund
by at least $500, 900. aside from
the borrowing program The
District also omitted the GUS
tomary ST million cushion for
emergencies.
PUBLIC WORKS-The city
wants to spend more than $40
million on building in the Sec
ond year Of It's $305 million
l0-year public works program.
BRIDGES Federal park of
ficials viii request money soon
to plan q Jones Point bridge.
The budget request includes
about So million to start con-
struction Of q Constitution
avenue bridge.
Evening star., 1955-01-17
Sick-Leoye Pay
IS Tux Exempt

FEDERAL SPoILi6HT-fhou
Of Government workers viii be en-.
fified ~ to. exemption on sick leovs
poy received during 1854. But fhsy
mssi cIoim It On 1854 isseme iax
returns to GET il. See cclsmsiss
Joseph Young fer On expIososion.
Paes AZ.
NEW coNGREssAAN-chares {.
D,sss, IT, i the first Negro elected
from Michigan 10 the Hosse Of Rep
rssentofiyss. Mr. Disss won his first
victory IL On sIementsry school SPELL
ins contest. For Ms story and another
IA the series ot artieles, New Focss
IN Congress see Pegs A.
LITERARY sAFARl--Miss Eleonos
Pitcher. Who spends six months .
yeos hunting for rofe books for the
Felges Library. wv Isose On her fifth
literary saiori March 9 Pegs 81
Evening star., 1955-01-17
Additional sadset Stories on Pages
As. Al and A-S.

asserted that I'VE cannot afford.
any tax cuts this year. But he
prophesied that q growing pros
perity viii keep revenues on the
rise, which, with continued effort
to cut expenses. should make
possible both a balanced budget
and lower taxes in the near fu-
ture."
The proposed spending figures.
together with explanatory text.
covered t,224 pages in q docu-
ment about the size of the
Washington telephone book.
The President said he ex-
pected the national debt to be
under $275 billion next June 80.
expiration date Of 8 temporary
increase from that figure to $28l
billion in the statutory debt limit.
But he said the limit will have
to be increased again to enable
the Government 10 pay its bills
during the first part Of the new
fiscal year. when tax collections
will run behind expenses. He
forecast Q $276 billion debt on
June 80, 1856.
Cash Budget Surplus.
Mr.. Eisenhower estimated that
for the first time In four years
the Federal cash budget, an i'm
portant measure Of the irifia-
tionary or defiationary impact
Of Government fiscal transac-
tions. win be better than ball.
anced. with cash surplus Of
S558 million at the end Of the
1856 fiscal year.
This cash statement reflects
the total now Of money texcept
for borrowing) into the treasury
and out to the public. 1t includes
such things as social security
trust fund transactions. and is
entirely apart from the regular
budget on which the deficit is
based.
BY far the largest part of
regular budget expenditures are
dictated by "the stern require
ments Of our national defense, !"
MIR. Eisenhower said.
He estimated major national
security program expenses for
the 1856 fiscal year at $40.5 bill
lion-65 per cent of the total
estimated expenditures. This
classification includes s34 billion
for Defense Department military
functions. SO billion Tor Develop
ment Of atomic energy, $783 mill
lion for stockpiling strategic
materials. and $3,7 billion for
military aid to allied countries.
Nine Major Groupings.
Sixty-seven per cent Of the
1856 budget viii go for pro-
lection tadding 81 billion for
foreign economic and technical
assistance to the $40.5 billion
major national security cost); 10
per cent for civil benefits OF vari-
Gus kinds: 10 per cent for in
terest. and only 4 per cent for
civil operations and administra-
tion.
Declaring that his budget Is
shaped by "a liberal attitude
toward the welfare Of people and
Continued on Page A-6, Col. ID
Evening star., 1955-01-17
NutionuIists Retuliute.
Stopping Red Firing
By ths Associated PIsss

TAIPEH. Formosa. Jan, IL
Chinese Communists on Annoy
today shelled Little Quemoy and
two smaller Chinese Nationalist
islands but stopped after heavy
retaliatory Ere. the Nationalist
Defense Ministry reported.
The ministry said also that
Red planes fiew over Pishan
Island. 81 miles southwest Of
the strategic Tachens, but were
chased on By anti-aircraft fre.
Evening star., 1955-01-17
RoboutN Named
Head Of D. G.
Budget

Representative Louis G. Ra-
baut, Democrat. Of Michigan, q
veteran member Of the House.
today was selected as chairman
Of the Appropriations subcom-
mittee in charge Of the District
budget.
Mr.. Rabaut. so, has been a
member Of the House for 10
Evening star., 1955-01-17
Gen. ToyIor in Koreu

PUSAN, Korea. Jan. II Rl.
Gen. Maxwell B. Taylor. corn-
mander of the sth Army and
United states Army troops in
the Far East. arrived today from
Tokyo to spend several days in
Korea.
Evening star., 1955-01-17
Bulletin
Hommorskiold Foiled.
Knowlond Declores

CHICAGO tRl. - Senator
Knowland, Republican Of Cali
iornia, said today that United
Nations Secretary General
Dag Hammarskjold has failed
In his attempt to obtain re-
lease Of American airmen held
prisoner BY the Chinese Reds.
The Senate minority leader
added In an address that -
massive propaganda buildup
Is taking place" In the U. N.
'.to silence those who would
analyxe the fact"
Earlier story on Page A-s.l
Evening star., 1955-01-17
Message Predicts
US. Revenue Rise
And Expense Cut
81 Garnett D. Horner

President Eisenhower today
estimated that Government ex-
penditures will go down $l.1 bill
lion to 1924 billion in the fiscal
year starting next July |.
His budget message to Con-
gress estimated that at the same
time revenues win go up 81 bill
lion to $50 billion, leaving an
estimated deficit Of $2.4. billion
on June 80, 1856.
With the Government still
running IN the red, the President