davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-01-16
Heavier Air Raids

The Chinese, who like to play.
diplomatic military combinations.
mixed the delicate flyer talks with
powerful new air strikes on the key,
Nationalist-held Tachen islands,
200 miles north Of Formosa.
Perhaps Peiping was counting on
American anxiety over the fate Of
the IL flyers to restrain any inter-
Ventionist ideas the United States
7th Fleet might entertain. The
Nationalists evidently suspected as
much. They reported that full
fiedged Red bid to take the Tachens
might come at any time.
Chang Kai-shek's bombers worked
over staging areas on nearby islands.
in the hope Of keeping the invasion
forces on balance.
United States reaction came in
two waves.
First, In washington. oficials
were still hoping to keep the COM
1munists guessing on whether the
7th Fleet would intervene II q
serious attempt were made to take
any offshore island. Chinese cor
respondents In the Formosa Straits
spread rurnors that an American
destroyer had fired on Red planes
Tuesday 80 miles south OF the
Tachens. But there was no ofacial
confirmation, and American Navy
sources indicated they did not be-
Ieve the report.
American reaction among military
officials In the Far East was of
different complexion. however. Air
Force oficials were openly concerned
Evening star., 1955-01-16
Frunco-Gernun
Two Nations Leaders
Discuss Poris Accords;
Adennuer Eyes Suur

Frances Premier and West Ger
nany's Chancellor met In Baden
Baden Friday to explore what moves
could be made to satisfy their wor-
ried parliaments about some as
poets Of the Paris agreements. signed
last October and now up for rati-
faction.
Chancellor KonrAd Adenauer was
mainly interested In the Saar ques-
ton. He wants to reassure the
Bundestag that he has not given
UP too many German interests In
the Saar. He obtained agreement
from Premier Pierre Mendes-France
on international supervision Of the
Saar plebiscite. and on the powers
Of the neutral high commissioner.
M. Mendes-FTance is still trying
to set up an international arms pool.
The vague communique released
after the talks indicated he< had
made only slight progress. Earlier
in the week he had obtained Italy's
approval Of the arms pool idea. One
Evening star., 1955-01-16
Trade Possibilities

Peiping's combination play, then,
is to use the II American hostages
as bait while angling for:
/. Increased prestige In Asia.
2. Admittance to the United Ma
tions.
3. American release Of IS Chinese
technicians now being refused exit
permits.
4. Freedom from American inter-
ference in the Tachen Islands affair.
Mr.. Hammarskjeld's trip to Peip-
ing already had assured Premier
Chou of attaining the first goal.
The Reds were also at least one
step nearer the second objective.
which, Of course, is the biggest prize
of all. The United States, mean
while. acted as II 1t would be ready
to come through with the third prize
If that would help get the flyers
back. Chou's prospects for the
fourth objective were still unde-
termined.
Evening star., 1955-01-16
McKeIdin on Taxes:
Maryland Governor Tells
Need for increased Levies

The folloiDing Is a transcript Of
d tape-recorded interptew NTH
Theodore r. McKeldin. Gooernor
ot MARYLAND, regarding his tar
ana expenditure program for the
coming year. The interuietu 1DGs
conducted at Coz. McKeldtn's
o6sce IN Annapolis on Monday.
two days before he Uas isGug-
arated for his second tour-yeGr
term. A Sunday Star editorial
team asked the questions. Candid
photos here taken Tn the course
Of the interuieD by Star Stat
Photographer Francis RoGtt.
Evening star., 1955-01-16
Federal Poy

The administration's long-aWaited
proposal for higher civil service pay
rates became ofnciaI last week. a.
did q program Of postal salary boosts
and . somewhat more selectiye plan
for lpping military incomes. In the
bargain, the Civil gsrvice Cornnlie-
sion put forward . health insurance
program Tor civilian Government
workers.
Raises for classified t0s and CPsl
employees. Foreign service. Veterans
Administration and postal workers
averaged 5 per cent across the
board. but were somewhat higher In
certain brackets and lower In others.
The super-duper grade. GS-l8
ts14,e00 . year, would not be
affected.
In addition. to the per cent boost
for postal employees. those workers
would be placed under new salary
schedule designed. as the President
put Il, TO correct obvious distor-
tions' IN their pay scales.
Cost of these stvilian raises would
Evening star., 1955-01-16

Of the most controversial provisions
of his plan--tl1at American military
aid should be distributed BY the
Western European Union-waa not
mentioned.
The two men also touched briefly
on the Mendes-F France proposal for
high-level talks with the Soviet
Union as soon as the Paris agree
nlents are ratified by all govern
ments concerned. The Kremlin Is
sued new call for Big Four talks
Saturday. but on the same old con-
dition that the West drop plans to
rearm Germany.
Russia announced Friday It would
make its atomic power know -how
available to the United Nations at
q scientific conference scheduled
for this summer. Apparently no
inspection of the Soviet Unions
plants would be permitted. but writ
ten reports would be provided for
scientists Of other countries.
The West was still skeptical of
the Soviet offer. But 1t did show
the Kremlin is sensitive to United
States generosity IN sharing its
atomic science for peaceful purposes.
Evening star., 1955-01-16
Old Central American Feud Touches OFT War in Costa Rco

pardntly fair election. Ulate polled
q large majority.
The Calderon- Guartia group tried
to flnd ways to set the election aside.
The national election board refused
to 60 along with this jobbery. so the.
matter was taken to the National
Assembly. This legislative body, con-
trolled by Calderon-G Guardia's SYM
pathizers. voided this election.
This high-handed action set of
home grown revolt, headed by
Jose Figueres, q planter Of (by
Costa Rican standards) considerable
means. In q bloody, six-week battle,
Figueres toppled the government and
sent Picado. Calderon-G Guardia and
Mora sctirrying for refuge. They
found asylum In Nicaragua.
Although Ulate was scheduled to
take Office as President In May. 194S,
he did not assume the Job until No
vember. 194s. There seems to have
been amicable agreement between
him and Figueres. based mainly on
Figueres' talent for strong leader
ship and Ulate's lack Of that quality.
When Ulate finally took over In
1o49, things got back to normal. In
an election In 1853. Figueres was
elected constituttonally.
Subsequent to the 1858 election.
q split developed between Ulate and
Figueres, though this seems TO have
had nothing TO do with last weeks
troubles.
After Picado He'd Costa Rica. ne
became Somoza's secretary In Nica-
ragua. His namesake sCn nean-
while pursued studies at West Point.
where he had been accepted as .
foreign cadet IN i9<T. Young Picado
graduated from the Military Acad-
envy IN 1851.
While this political turmoil was
going on. the South American re-
public OF Venezuela was having up
heavals Of its own. A far-left gov
ernment headed BY Romulo Betan-
court was tossed out In the late
1905, and Betancourt took refuge
in Costa Rica. His presence there
has been for years . thorn In the
side Of the dictator Of Venezuela.
Col. Marcos Perez Jimenez.
Perez Jimenez and scmoza pro-
fess to believe that . plot.
directed against them. centers
In Costa Rica. They say Betan-
court - and supposedly. n
,continusd en Pass Abb
Evening star., 1955-01-16

the income tax boost begin next
year?
A. The reason for that is, we will
not need both Of them at the same
time. In other words, If we had the
income tax start this year, we would
collect much more money than is
needed, and we do not propose to
take from the taxpayers any more
money than actually Is needed to
operate the State government.
@. There has been talk that you
would gain temporary advantage
this year when you start your with
holding. That Is, the first year you
would get q lot more revenue than
you normally would expect. What
do You propose to do with that addi-
tiOnaI revenue?
A. That additional revenue ]
haven't discussed yet. may discuss
1t in my budget message, and until
that time I don't believe ! should
discuss it. Except let me say this:
There's possibility, In our opinion.
that we viii collect more money than
Is needed.
II that is the case what I propose
to do is ask the members Of the
Legislature not to disturb that, but
keep it SO We win have surplus for
next year. Next year we are going
to have q tremendous increase again
In needs for our schools maybe five
or six million dollars and that's go-
ing to continue for some years to
come because Of the tremendous In
crease in population and the birth
OF little babies.
Chief Revenue Sources
q. Would you tell Ms briefly the
principal sources Of revenue and
what percentage Of total revenue for
Maryland they represent now? Sales
tar Is how much, income tax how
much?
Al don't have the exact figures
here but the sales tax plus the In
come tax constitute the mass Of 1t.
IGov. McKeldin's ONCE subse-
Quently furnished the following
breakdown Of present major reve-
nue. sources: Income taxes. 31.5
per cent: retail sales taxes. 29.0
per cent; alcoholic beverages. 10
per cent: horse racing taxes, 20
per cent; inheritance taxes, 2.3 per
cent. All other forms Of revenue
contributed to the general fund
represented 27.3 per cent Of the
/ general funds total of $l10 mill
lion In the current fiscal year.I
@. This withholding systemdo
you expect to catch tax dodgers by
this means, and II 50. about how
much money?
A. We don't know. But we think
there are some millions Of dollars
that we could get from people who
are not now paying any taxes what
soever. We believe that viii be IN
CONTINUED on Page A-29)
Evening star., 1955-01-16

ths current trouble. But to chart
the ls-within- wheels In this
latest Central America fiasco would
be confusing in the extreme. This
is only the harest Of summaries:
A decade ago. the traditionally
democratic republic Of Costa Rica
was ruled by clique headed al
ternately by Rafael Calderon-
Guardia and Teodoro Picado. From
1910 until 1914 Calderon-G Guardia
was President, and In 1874 Picado
was elected to the Office under the
provisions Of . constitution which
forbids President to succeed him
self.
BY 1914 the Communist Party.
Evening star., 1955-01-16

q. Gov. McKeldin. you have told
the State Legislature you want two
changes In the tar schedule: t1) this
year an increase from 2 TO 5 per
cent In the sales tax; t2l next year .
similar 50 per cent increase In the
income tax. Why are these neces-
sary?
A. They are necessary because the
demands Of the various State de-
partments exceed revenue we are
about TO get In by some $2o.5 mil
lion. s
q. How much do you feel VIII
come from the increase IN sales tax7
A. am not on the Board of Reye-
nue Estimates that consists Of the
treasurer, the controller and the
budget director. They figure, !
think, more than SIS million.
q. Would the balance be picked up
by an increase In income taxes?
Al. Yes--arld income tax we would
collect by the payroll deduction
method.
Out-of- Stofe Collections
q. Have you made arrangements
outside Maryland . collect income
taxes ON people who live IN your
jurisdiction but don't work theref
A. We have made some arrange
ments with the Federal Government.
AZ you know, We deduct money for
the Federal Government from State
payrolls, and they have agreed 70.
withhold the money on their pay
rolls from people who live In Mary
land and work for the Federal Cow
eminent IN the District Of Columbia.
Q. what about private employers?
A. I don't believe that has been
worked out yet. but ] have no doubt
that we win be able to do something
shout that.
Q. Besides Washington. do you
have places where Marylanders In
substantial numbers work ! across
State lines?
A. No. only In the District Of CO.
lumbia.
q. why did ron ask TO have the
sales tax increase start this year, but
Evening star., 1955-01-16

Iected commodities by not more
than 8 per cent year for three
years: simpliflcation Of customs
regulations; reduction Of income
taxes on overseas corporate earnings
(now at 81 per cent for all earnings.
the new rate would be 38 per cent:
participation In the proposed In
ternational Finance Corp. (which
would make loans to private
investors: appropriation of more
money for technical aid abroad; en-
couragement Of travel-and spend-
ing g-by American tourists; particle
patton of the American Government
In international trade fairs; exten-
sion Of the Reciprocal Trade Act for
three years.
This program is similar to the one
recommended by the President last
year. He did not push 1t with vigor,
however. and finally had to settle for
q one-year extension Of the existing
law.
The Presidents chances for sue
cess were considered greater this
year.
He apparently viii throw his
weight solidly behind the bill: sec
ond, he has q Democratic Congress.
and third, Republican opposition to
the measure seems weaker.
Reed Still Opposed
Representative Daniel A. Reed.
Republican, OF New York, who was
the main obstacle last year, said last
week he would oppose the measure.
but would not again assume leader
ship Of the opposition faction.
Other reaction to the trade mes
sage followed cleanly along whose
ox-waS-gored lines. A spokesman
for the American Tariff League said
the Leagues members represented
about 800 industries which probably
would suffer II they lost present
tariff protection. So the group OPP
poses the bill. But q spokesman for
the National Council Of American
Importers liked the bill and wished
it had gone even further.
In Congress most lawmakers re-
acted In harmony with the domi-
nant economic interests in their
constituencies. It seemed, however,
that there were enough Congress-
men mostly Democrats sold on
'trade mot aid to pass the measure.
There were predictions. however.
that amendments exempting certain
industries from tariff cuts would
have wide appeal.
Evening star., 1955-01-16

headed BY valyerde Manuel Mora.
had succeeded in infiltrating the
Costa Rican government. not on the
cabinet level, butsin the bureaucracy.
Picado and Calderon-G Guardia en-
couraged Mora to form labor unions.
which-as might be expected--set
back labor relations In Costa Rica
to an alarming degree.
Election Upset
In 194s another presidential elec-
tion was held. It was. In the ircum-
bents view, Calderon-G Guardia's
turn to be President. But .
more moderate opposition candidate.
Otilio Ulate, was elected In an ap-
Evening star., 1955-01-16

delicate stage OF the neg0tlaGlOnS.
In this he had the support of
President Eisenhower. who said
Friday I'VE must support the United
Nations in its efforts so long as
those efforts hold out any promise
of success. He cautioned against
talking about 'reprisal or retalia-
ton"
The United States representative
at the q. N. said Saturday he was
confident" the flyers would be
freed eventually.
Premier Chou, for his part. seemed
to have adopted the philosophy Of
Pooh Bah in THE Mikado": T
shouldn't be sufficiently degraded
in my own estimation unless ] was
insulted by very considerable
bribe."
What Chou wanted most was
foot in the door Of the United
Nations. Mr.. Hammarskjold appar-
emily gave him every hope.
In the joint communique issued
last Monday, the two men reported
they had discussed questions perth
nent to the relaxation Of world
tension" That is diplomatic jargon
for "a United Nations seat for Red
China. /"
On Friday, the u. N. secretary
general told the press he had dis
cussed prospects for admitting Red
China, but no deals" had been
mentioned.
Thursday Mr.. Hammarskjold had
announced with satisfaction that he
and Chou '.hope to continue our
contact. The door that has been
opened can be kept open, given
restraint on all sides.
Only last fall, it will be recalled,
the United Nations General Assem-
bly, voted to keep the door shut.
Evening star., 1955-01-16
Trade

H. r. /, the first bill to be intro
duced In the House, was given big
Endorsement by the President last
week. making II good bet to be-
come the first piece Of major legisla-
tior to clear Congress.
The No. 1 bill would lower
some Of the barriers which restrict
trade between this country and for
eign nations. It Ii one Of the major
must" bills Of the Eisenhower pro-
Grmm.
N his trade message 10 Congress
last week. the President said restric-
tiCns should be relaxed In our own
self-interest because:
II. Economic strength among cur
allies Il essential 70 our security:
-. Economic growth In under-de-
veloped areas Il necessary to Lessen
international instability growing out
Of the vulnerabiIity Of such areas TO
Communist penetration and subyer-
sion;
g. An increasing volume Of world
production and trade win help as
sure our own economic growth and d
rising standard Of living among our
own people
Major Points
the Presidents proposal. which
was put into bf1l form as II. n. !,
has these major provisions:
Reduction cf taxiR rates en 80
Evening star., 1955-01-16

amount to about q third Of billion
dollars year.
Militoy Raise
The military pay raise proposal
was outlined In Q message Thursday.
Its details, especially the exact
amount TO be granted each military
rank, were not made public, but the
President said the aggregate rise
would amount to about 81 per cent.
This would cost the Government
nearly 81 billion year extra.
Mr.. Eisenhower stressed that the
pay hikes would not be across-tfe-
board. Privates in the first two
years Of their careers are not slated
for more money nor are junior
officers for their first three years Of
service.
The pay raise was frankly aimed
at the careerist--or, more precisely.
the man who would be careerist IL
the price was right. That the price
is not now right in the Presidents
opinion was made clear in statistics
he cited showing q drop-On In re-
enlistment rates.
The Chief Executive also pointed
out that there has been only one pay
increase in the last six years. and
that this amounted to only about ST.
per cent. Military pay has fallen
behind that OF industry, the Presi-
dent said.
In addition to pay, Mr. Eiser-
hover urged fringe benefit In
creases. including per diem pay
ments while on temporary duty Of
si2 instead Of the present 50: dis
location allowance" for family men
ordered to new stations: additional
housing in certain areas: authority
for reduced rentals where substand-
ard housing only is available; provi-
sion for better medical care for
families, and equalization Of survivor
benefits between active and retired
personnel.
Health Progrom
The health insurance plan for
civilian workers came as something
Of q surprise. As unveiled by the
Civil Service Commission, It would
cost slO4 o year per married ern-
ploye. with the Government and the
worker each contributing hall. Sim
gle workers would get coyerage at
$50 year. $3.50 Of which they
would pay themselves
One feature Of the program that
startled some observers was Its cost.
Many hospital groups offer approxi-
rnateiy the same benefits for less
money. The largest group IN the
Washington area provides family
/ medical and surgical protection for
972e0 3 year--iess than three-quar-
ters the price Of the Government
plan.
Evening star., 1955-01-16

In Americas last two wars n wAs
fully demonstrated that no reserve
military force worthy Of the mans
exists.
When World War II started, re.
servists could supply only . fraction
Of the trained r1anpower needed, 20
civilians we're drafted and trained
and the armed forces slowly built
up--While American troops retreaseG
across the South Pacific.
When this country went TO the
rescue Of South Korea there was
no time for q gradual bliildup. 80
the regulars and recalled World War
II veterans had to carry most Of tho
early load.
The lesson Of those two wars
Continued on Page A-af0
Evening star., 1955-01-16
Ths Fsudlsts

Essusrss hAAss ncuao1A. DonAoaA
hAAss Hlgusres. O. tnis unpleasant
notA. COSTA Ma and Nicaragua
have been gicwerang at each other
ACROSS their common frontier for
neaxiy Q decade. Only the existence
q . hemispheric- solidarity pact.
signed at Rio de Janeiro In ie&7.
has kept the two countries from
apattering blood al over the map.
And even with ths Rio pact IN
pxistence. Costa Rica and Nicaragua
have had one overt eonnict. at
lsase ons period Il Tension and
0naliy-,ast wssk---a full-scals nail-
teaxy-dfpionnAsac-poa -poaitical erisis.
There =. u eoalEes. more than thn
mrtnai hatred a. ecmosa end
Eigusrss b b taken into account in
Evening star., 1955-01-16
China Keeps u n. Guessing on Flyers
HommorsIoId Returns. Full Of Hope
But Empty-Honded, From Chou Talks

Dag secretary general Of the United Nations new
back to New York Pepng empthanded but hopeful
negotiations win obtain the release Of the American
flyers whom jailed trumpedup charges
He said of talks with Chinese Premier
Chou En beyond assuring had been useful
He stuck doggedly rule. Don't rock the boat at this
Evening star., 1955-01-16

The week-cld trouble Ia Costa
Rica Rave signs Of petering out this
week end, but there was no portent
Of better relations between the tiny
Central American republic and It's
neighbor, Nicaragua.
At the end Of the week Nicaragua
stood indicted ct the bar OF hemi-
spheric justice Of giving support to
elements waging war inside Costa
Rica, If not Of actually promoting
the conflict.
A five-man board Of inquiry. sent
10 Costa Rica by the Organization Of
American States, reported Friday
that supplies and planes were being
f,irnished by q foreign source"
Later Nicaragua was identified ~
the country involved.
Actually, there was never much
doubt about who was behind the
trouble tnat broke out last week at
villa Quesada. 40 miles inside Costa
Rioa. The rather obvious candidate
for the title Of Man Behind the
War" was Anastasio Eomosa. dicta-
President OF Nicaragua.
The little warm which Nieara-
gua insists she 70 only an innocent
bystapder-appears TO- Be merely
another overt manifestion Of par
sonal feud. Though Central Amer
lean politics are sometimes confus-
ing, the present CASE II not par .:cu-
larry bafiing. Substitute the name
Of SomcEa for Hatfield" and that
Of Costa Fican President joss
Figusrss for MCCOY" and the whols
thing comes clear.
Evening star., 1955-01-16
Messages
President Tronsmits
4 Legislative Requests
To Hill in Busy Week

January is the traditional month
for presidential messages to Con-
gress. President Eisenhower. never
a man to take tradition lightly. sent
four major legislative requests to
Congress last week.
His first was on foreign trade. fol-
lowed through the week by requests
for civil service and postal pay In
creases, for military pay boosts. and
for b new military reserve and draft
Law. A multibillion- dollar highway
construction plan was unveiled at
the White House. It win 60 to the
Hill January a.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1955-08-26

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y. =
(JTA) = Every effort to keep the
GAIA pacification talks from col
lapsing is being m d e by the
United Nations, as well as by the
Big Three powers-United States,
Britain and France.
This fact became evident here
as word reached United Nations
headquarters that Secretary of
State John Foster Dulles has
entered the picture. According to
information current in United
Nations circles, Mr.. Dulles con-
ferred last week with ranking
diplomats from both London and
Paris in an effort to work out
some plan for bringing Israel and
Egypt together through the talks
initiated by the United Nations
under the Craftsmanship of Maj.
Gen. E. L. M. Burns, chief of staff
of the UN Truce Supervision or
ganization.
It is well known here that Sec
rotary General Dag Hammarsk-
jold wants some kind of agree
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1955-08-26
Arub Students In U. S.
Ordered To Engage In
Anti-IsroeI Propaganda

WASHINGTON, (JTA) = Arab
students in the United States are
directed by the Arab League to
actively participate in anti-1srael
propaganda in this country, a
broadcast from Cairo monitored
here revealed.
The Egyptian broadcast dis
closed that the students have
been supplied with anti-Zionist
literature and that they are con-
stantly being furnished with in
formation required to combat
Zionism." The students are also
requested to deliver anti-Zionist
lectures outside of the univer-
sites in which they study, as well
as to place pro-Arab and anti
Israel articles in the American
press.