davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-14
WANTS ANOTHER HOLIDAY

Primarily a Christian Nation, we
have only one religious holiday in the
year that we celebrate by closing all
places Of business, with few necessary
exceptions, and that is Christmas.
Easter is as much. If not more sig
nificant Christian holiday. But since
Easter always comes on Sunday we
celebrate it without setting aside a
day from business.
Good Friday, it seems to me. Is a
very appropriate day to set aside from
business to go to church and to medi-
tate.
I'd like to emphasize further that
from February % to May 80, over
three months, there are no holidays
from business. And this at time of
the year when most folks, old and
young, are subject to spring fever"
this added holiday can be of great
help to get over it.
+. K0ren d. Kasparian.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-14
Letters to The Star.

have been brought into the State De-
partment to begin with. Whether you
like the McCarran-Walte Act or not.
it is still the law of the land. Until it
is changed, those who have part in
administering it should not be of Mr..
Corsis caliber. His Technology "Nazi"
for those who supported it shows he
does not have the temperament to be
in the State Department. His dismissal
was credit to Mr.. Dulles. It deserved
little of the publicity it received.
Dewitt O. Burke.
\
My sympathy with the Italian Corsi,
debating the immigration policies Of
the United States. is nonexistent. My
gratitude to Congressman Walter is
great. Frank Mulkern.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-14

For the life Of me cannot see why
your news stories and editorials are
sympathetic to an official charged with
being a member Of Communist front
organization. Edward Corsi should never
Evening star., 1955-11-13
Segregation Cases

When the Supreme Court ruled
that separate school facilities in
herently could not be equal and
therefore could not legally remain
separate, 1t was assumed that the
same new doctrine would apply TO
all forms Of public racial segrega-
ton.
Last week this expectation was
confirmed when the court voted
unanimously to order Maryland, the
city of Baltimore and the city Of
Atlanta. Ca. to open their public
recreational facilities impartially to
persons of all races.
The Virginia State Supreme Court
added to the segregation row last
week when it ruled that under the
State constitution 1t was not legal
for the State government to give
money to private schools.
Official sentiment in Richmond
last week was to write q constitu-
tional amendment to end that re-
striction.
The Gray Commission on Public
Education recommended last week
that the Virginia constitution be so
amended. The commission, which
was set up to find q graceful way
around the Supreme Court decision
on schools, laid out what looked
like q combined local and individual
option program.
Evening star., 1955-11-13
BRAZIL
Big Republic Gets
3 Chiefs in 4 Days
AS Army PoIiticks

Brazilian politicians and military
men played fast-moving game of
musical chairs for the presidency of
their country last week. Order APP
parently had been restored by the
week end. although in four days
Brazil had had three presidents.
Here is how 1t went:
President No. Last Monday
Joao Cafe FiIho was still chief ex-
ecutive. But Tuesday he took an
indefinite leave Of absence to re-
cover from heart attack:
President No. 2--As provided in
the constitution. House Speaker
Carlos Coimbra da Luz became
president. One OF his few official
acts was to oyerrule the Minister
Of War, who wanted to discipline
an Army colonel for making a
speech against President ELECT jus
celino Kubitschek, chosen at the
polls last month. The Minister Of
war. Cen f5enrtuue TeixeirR Lott.
concluded Senior Coiinhra sdR Luz
had joined the group hoping to pre-
vent Senior Kubitschek's accession
Evening star., 1955-11-13
What Solution?

The United States solution Is a
compromise that satisfies neither
Arabs nor Israelis. We support the
status quo preventing the Israeli
from expanding on the one hand
and the Arabs from wiping Israel
of the map Gas they cannot now
do but may be able to do some day.
The immediate danger Is that
one side or the other probably
Israel since time seems to be against
her--will disregard the 1850 tri-
partite pact by which the United
States. Great Britain and France
agree that:
SHOULD they md that any Of
these states was preparing to vi
olate frontiers or armistice lines.
they would s.. Immediately take
action, both within and outside
the United Nations. to prevent such
violations. =
This vague guarantee depends
on definitions Of the signatories.
To keep the Arabs and Israelis
apart, the United Nations is still
hoping to set up q buffer zone
along the truce frontiers, Both
sides have consented In principle.
Evening star., 1955-11-13

Democratic Coins
In Local, Stute Voting
Give Outs New Hope

In the 1853 local and State elec-
tions, in the 1854 local, State and
congressional sections and in last
weeks local and State balloting,
Democrats made significant gains.
From this Il fpllows--iII Democratic
circles that the outlook for 1856 is
Democratic sweep Of Congress
and White House. Republicans see
It somewhat differently. They said
last week the off-year elections
were on local issues only and had
no significance In forecasting for
1856.
T1ae truth. II 1t Is to be found
In the realm OF partisan politics.
doubtless lies somewhere between.
The Stars Gould Lincoln said the
significance Of the elections was
this: The trend Is Democratic, but
peace and prosperity, plus an Eisen-
hower-like candidate could reverse
that trend next year.
Columnist David Lawrence said
the lesson to be learned was that
good grass-roots organization and
good performance I'M office pay of
at the polls Writer Doris Fleeson
said the effect of the elections
would be to increase Republican
pressure on President Eisenhower
to run again. And Columnist Thom-
as L. Stokes said the elections
proved the Democratic Party is
still the majority party and should
win If someone like President Ell
senhower doesn't lead the G. o. P.
ticket.
The Sunday Stars Virginia coll
timnist, Alex. r. Preston. pointed out
that the nearby elections showed
a continuing trend In favor Of the
Young TURK" liberal Democrats.
The elections that drew the most
attention were these: Mayoralty
contests In ordinarily Republican
Illinois reversed the old 7-to-3 ra-1
ito Of Republican to Democratic
Mayors. i Democrat beat an Eisen-
hover Endorsed Republican III the
Philadelphia I1iayoralty contest;
Democrat AZ B. Happy Chandler
won smashing victory over 3 Re-
publican for the governorshfp 81
Kentucky: Democrats Ia New Jersey
netted q few more n1ayoraIty and
legislative seats, and in New York
State they had q margin In the
nayoralty contests.
Evening star., 1955-11-13
Americo,, Dilemma

Basically the problem for the
United States Is, and has been
since le47, that internal politics
clashes with what most American
career officials consider to be the
long range national interest.
Privately these officials will ad-
nit that Israel was brought into
being and survives today by the
sufferance OF the United States. For
example, in the last i've years
american aid to Egypt population
% million) has totaled $79 million.
Since 1850 Israel population IL
millionl has received around 1910
million III United States aid and
another $3.50 million IN private
American donations.
yet the Iong-range interests of
the United States lie. ofifcials be-
lieve, with the Arab nations. There
are three reasons:
. Population. There are As mil
lion Arabs and IL million lsrasiis.
Given training and equipment such
as the Arabs are now determined to
ret. the present balance OF power"
(which the Arabs consider euphe-
rnism for perpetuating the humilia-
ton OF their vastly greater popuia-
tionl will shift.
. OIL. The Middle East holds 30
per cent OF the worlds oil reserves.
1t lis Europe's oil supplier. II the
Soviet Union were to get control.
prices to Europe would surely rise.
and Western oriented countries
would soon be under heavy pressure
to face east.
. Strategic real estate. The
Middle East Is the gateway to India.
to Africa and to the Mediterranean.
The Forthcoming visit OF Soviet
Premier Nikolai Bulganin and Party
BOSS Nikita Khrushcflev TO India,
which Is being watched closely by
American policymakers. emphasizes
the trend OF Kremlin thinking.
Moscow. always attracted by
large populations. Is in the first
phase Cf 4 campaign to bring the
As million Arabs 10 It's side while
encouraging them to foresake the
United States FOR showing special
faYnfs to the III million Israelisr
Israel, in turn. Is aware Of the
long-range dangers she faces. Her
Evening star., 1955-11-13

leaders openly talk OF expanding
their territory. AS Egypt rearns.
responsible Israelis talk of pre-
ventive war. Foreign Minister
Moshe Sharett Is now In the United
States speaTheading 4 new bond
drive to get more unofficiai backing
for his government.
American support for the Israeli
position lis based on two things.
First, the. Jewish vote" as poli-
ticians put it privately. is q big
political consideration in three key
States. New York. Pennsylvania
and California. Second, there is
lot of sympathy among gentiies
for the Jews, who suffered such
monstrous prosecutions under the
Nazis.
These two domestic considers
tions have resulted In official and
unofiicial contributions which have
kept the struggling state Of Israel
alive economically and superior
militarily to the Arab nations which
surround her.
Evening star., 1955-11-13
FRANCE
Empty Victory Is Won
BY Fuure in Bolloting
On System for Election

Premier Edgar Faure survived
another vote OF confidence yester-
day, but 1t was q question whether
he really wanted to win.
The immediate issue was q deci-
sion on what kind of balloting sys-
tenn to use In the national elections.
which the Parliament has voted 70
hold iii December. But there was
broader combination Of issues:
Premier Faure wants immediate
elections 50 that o new and the
hopes9 more vigorous Assembly can
make needed decisions on North
Africa and economic problems. And
he wants to Use the existing system
of elections which is designed to
favor the center parties over the left
and right.
But Pierre Mendes- France, per-
ahaps the strongest individual to
emerge Iii French politics since
Gen. Charles de Gaulie. believes
that il the elections are postponed
until June and the balloting system
Is changed. he can come back to
Parliament with . strcng following
Evening star., 1955-11-13

Denver gave Mr.. Eisenhower .
sparole LAS the President said
early in the week after he had
climbed several flights Of stairs
without damaging his heart. The
President chose Friday as home-
coming day.
It was an emotional leave-taking
in Denver when Mr.. Eisenhower
thanked the persons who had taken
care Of him. including the doctors
who probably had saved his life.
and walked out Of the hospital.
He strobe up to his plane at
Lowry Field, perhaps . little slower
than usual. turned to say goodbye
to the crowd which had come to
wave him on. Then he disappeared
into the Columbine Ill
In washington, city ofiicials. Re-
publican workers and well-wishers
Of all political faiths combined to
welcome him to his White House
home. An estimated IS. 900 persons
gathered at National Airport and
stood along the streets leading to
the Presidential Mansion. They
shouted greetings and waved as he
drove by. seated In . limousine that
had plastic top over the back seat.
The President apparently against
his doctors advice--waved back TO
the greeters.
At the airport the President had
been welcomed by q group headed
BY vice President Nixon and for
mer President Hoover. Again It
was an emotional greeting both on
the part Of the welcomers and the
President they welcomed.
After 1t was all over and Presi-
dent Eisenhower was back In the
White House, his doctors. who had
flown with him from Denver.
examined him carefully for signs
Of fatigue. There were none.
The President was still some
weeks away from q full work sched-
ule, however. He planned to rest
for some time at his Gettysburg
farm. then ease gradually back to
the White House desk.
Evening star., 1955-11-13
Ford

The Ford Motor Co. was founded
So years ago with the investment
of $28, 900 by IL stockholders. In
1919 Henry Ford bought out all
the other stockholders for $l05
million after q dispute over his
policy of rapid expansion. Com
plete ownership remained in the
family until 1887. when the Ford
Foundation was set up and given
few shares Of non-yoting stock.
IN I947 when Edsel Ford died and
In 1850 when Henry Ford I died,
q total of SO per cent of the COM
pany stock--ron -voting-Was given
to the foundation. It was either
that or lose control Of the firm
through payment of inheritance
taxes.
Last week another rnomentotis
step In the life Of the S2-billion
corporation was taken. The foun-
tiation wanted to diversity its hold
ings. The family agreed to give up
control and let the public buy In.
The plan announced last week
was this: 6,952,293 shares Of
foundation-owned stock will be sold
to the public January 10. The
price Carefully set to provide the
highest income but avoid a subse-
quent drop in stock value) will be
announced the day before the sale.
Probably the price will be between
$50 and $40 q share.
Evening star., 1955-11-13

and institute many reforms he be-
lieves necessary.
Premier Faure originally asked
for an election system that pro-
yided for a form lof prpT,pTti ional
representation splus fsaiiiafiees" of
party states 10 permit parties to.
pool votes. MI Mendes-F France
wanted fiaan~to-nnan races IN siTl-
ele-seat constituencies.
The assembly had approved the
Faure system, but the Senate had
voted for the Mendes- France plan.
The result was delay. which Nj.
Mendes France wanted. Last week
Premier Faure modified his system
TO make 1t almost a straight pro-
portional representation ballot and
said If it wasn't approved he'd quit.
The new system would have
favored the Comnunfsts--the larg--
est single party--aI1d was tlnpopu-
lar with most of the Assembly, 50
1t was speculated that NJ. Faure
wanted to be voted down. II his
government fell immediate elec-a
tions would be mandatory, and the
present electoral system would be
the easiest = and likeliest - to
be set up.
But the Communists, who wanted
proportional representation. and
many Mendes- France hackers voted
for Premier Faure's modified pros
posal. He won. 285 to 247.
The actual effect probably will be
this: The new plan viii go to the
Senate. That body viii reject the
bill and indorse once more the Men
des- France system. The amended
bill will return to the Assembly.
There win be another deadlock.
Evening star., 1955-11-13
chrysIer

In 1854, after trying in the post
war years to sell the public we'll
engineered. conservative car that
was large on the inside. small on
the outside" Chrysler Corp. was
In such shaky condition OBJ
servers wondered If 1t could retain
It's position as one of the Big Three.
Nobody wanted q sensible" car, it
seemed,
I Late that year company officials.
went for broke They heightened,
lowered and gaiitied1up the basic-
ally sound car to zee II the public
would buy. The new style, in ef-.
feet for the '55 models. turned out
TO be right In line with modern
Evening star., 1955-11-13
Germany

Soviet Foreign Minister Vyache-
slay Molotov put the kibOsi on Ger
man reuniflcation In the grand.
villainous manner of old.
Perhaps Secretary Of State John
Foster Dulles Sunday visit with
Marshal Tito of Yugoslayia had
something TO do with his unusual
vigor. President Tito, head Of the
only Communist satellite ever to
break away from the Kremlin,
agreed with MI. Dulles that Soviet
satellites Of Eastern Europe ought
To be. given their independence.
Secretary Dulles told reporters,
and Marshal Tito concurred, that:
I'VE are of common accord In
recognizing the Importance Of inde-
pendence for these EAST Europeanl
states, ilon-interference from the
outside III their internal affairs and
the right 10 develop their own social
and economic order In ways Of their
choice.
These were words undoubtedly
calculated To encourage dissidents
III Hungary, Bulgaria. Albania. Ro-
mania. Czechoslovekia and Poland.
Seething East Germans also might
take heed.
The MolctOv reaction obviously
that cf the whole Krenlin pack
was typical Of the pre-summer
Communist method.
Using East Germany as llisAex-
ample, Mr.. Molotoy on Tuesday
made 1t as clear as words could that
the Soviet Union has no intention
of RELAXING its hold on any satellite.
ii partitioned Germany, he indi-
Gated clearly the Kfeinlin win not
approve free elections. On the ccil-
trary. the only condition under
which Moscow viii agree To unity
Germany Il BY assuring its total
Evening star., 1955-11-13
General Motors

There Is school of thought II
the economies world that bigness
itself is bad In q corporation. There
have been many attempts In recent
years to get Congress to iegislate .
ceiling on the size Of a corporation.
Most economists. however, believe
bigness is not bad unless 1t is used
to restrain competition. Antitrust
laws reflect this philosophy.
A Senate Monopoly Subcommit-
tee last week started an inquiry
into the effects on the economy o.
General Motors great size. Chair
man Joseph C. O'Mahoney, Demo-
crat of wyoming. assured the COM
I pany he had nothing sinister in
mind his subcommittee only
wanted to educate itself.
Meanwhile. the huge corporation
went on making money. Il ar1-
nounced q $2.16-a-share dividend
total for this year, compared with
an equivalent Of $l.66 last year.
Evening star., 1955-11-13
Til Case

Emmett Till, I4-year-old Chicago
Negro. was slain in Mississippi. res
portedly for whistling at q white
woman. Two white men were arr
rested and charged with the murder.
They were acquitted last month
when the State failed to satisfy the
jury that a body found in q river
was that of young Till.
Last week grand jury was asked
to indict the two men ON charge
Of kidnapping. They admitted they
had taken the boy out for question:
ing, but said they had sent him
home again. It was difficult for
the State to prove, however. that
the boy had not gone willingly with
the men and that he had not been
sent home promptly The ail-whits
grand Jury found no grounds for
prosecution.
Evening star., 1955-11-13
.MID-EAST
West 5 Concern Grows
AS Arabs and lsruelis
Glover Across Border

Arabs and Israelis were having
at each other last week with the
usual mixture Of words and action
about 95 per cent OF the former
and S per cent Of the latter. The
danger that the ratio could change
quickly. and that q renewal Of full-
scale fighting there would help the
Soviet Union gain foothold in
this geographically strategic. oil
rich area, was Of major concern
to both the United States and
Great Britain.
Sir Anthony Eden offered British
services as q mediator. The United
states warned grirnly that 1t would
take action against whichever side
dared start q war. Both principals,
meanwhile. professed not to want
q war.
Evening star., 1955-11-13
GENEVA
Darkness Comes Down
Over Acid Test ToIks
AS Windup Neurs

II the outlook for progress ct the
Geneva conferences Of Big Four
foreign ministers looked dark last
week end. the shade had deepened
to pitch black BY last night.
Even before the ministers gath
cred for their acid test I8 days
ago 1t had been fairly obvious that
German reuniflcation would not be
agreed upon this fall. and that the
Soviet Union was shy about letting
American planes snoop wherever
they choose to verify Red disarma-
merit claims In European or Asiatic
Russia But the other issue on the
agenda. how 10 expose more Rus
slams and Western peoples TO each
others, ideas, had seemed to offer
some hope for progress.
Even this last ray of sunshine was
shut out on Thursday. Working
parties on East West contacts
broke up their discussions IN con-
plete disagreement Thursday, al
though their preliminary proposals
had much III common.
The Big Four agreed Friday to
end their meeting next "wednesday,
precisely on the tl1ree-week dead
line. Soviet negotiators have d
habit Of saving their cheerful sides
for the last days Of q conference,
30 II Is q little early to hire the
llourners. But few expect the Rus
slams can manufacture enough
cheer to pierce the darkness that
fell about them last week.
Old pros were getting i certain
satisfaction from the gloomy de-
velopnlents. In the first place, they
were now indicated for their sum-
rlertinne mistrust Of Soviet smiles.
Furthermore. the gullible have now
been deprived Of any reason they
may have had for relaxing.
Evening star., 1955-11-13
Morocco

France was making haste, mean
while, to digest the crow It Is eat
ing on the Moroccan question.
Reinstated Sultan Sidi Mohammed
ben Youssef. will return TO Rabat
Wednesday. A new resident gen-
eral. presumably suitable to Ben
Youssef. has been named. El Glaoui.
the Pasha OF Marrakesh. kissed Ben
Youssef's foot and was forgiven for
engineering the Sultarl's custer in
1853. Coloas In Morocco resigned
themselves to his return.
Evening star., 1955-11-13
BUSINESS
Detroif S Giunts Make
Big FinoncioI News;
Ford Stock to BE Sold

Each Of the Big Three of the
automobile industry had a success
story to ten last week. The Ford
Foundation announced that the
Ford family was ready 10 relinuuish
absolute control of the Ford Motor
Co. and permit public sale of stock.
The chrysler Corp. announced
new billion-doilar expansion pros
gram. And General Motors was
paying part of the price of success
the worlds biggest corporation be-
came the subject of a friendly"
congressional investigation to see
If 1t might be too big. But at the
same time GINS owners were reap-
ing the rewards OF success.
Evening star., 1955-11-13

tastes In automobiles. and Chrysler
sales scared.
The outlook is 50 good for the
coming year that the company de-
cided on a 81 billion expansion pres
gram, announced last week.
Evening star., 1955-11-13
10th Case

Robert w. 10th was alleged by
the Army to have been involved In
the murder of a Korean civilian
during the war there. MI. 10th
had been discharged honCrably
after the war. but was later arrested
by military police at bis civilian
lob, charged with murder. and
shanghaied to Korea. He appealed
to the civilian courts. saying the
Army had no right to hold him.
The Supreme Court last week
ruled III Mr.. Totil's favor. The
court said this: The Constitution
vests the judicial power Cfs the
United States" in the Federal court
system. Congress is given power 70
regulate the armed forces. Civilian
trials give the accused more safe
guards and rights tsuch as trial by
iuryl than do military courts-mar-
tial
Given these facts, the court said.
1t follows that Congress has power
to authorize court-martial only Of
persons in the armed services. Civil
ians must be tried In civil courts.
So the law permitting discharged
soldier to be called back into the
Army for court-martial for crime
committed while in the Army Is uri-
constitutional. II Congress wants .
military crime to be punished after
man is discharged, the court said.
1t must pass law giving Federal
courts jurisdiction.
This Congress no doubt win do
as soon as possible.
The three turncoat prisoners Of
war from Korea also were freed
last week. as they had been dis
l1onorahly discharged-after they
deserted to Communist ranks fol-
lowing the war--and thereby left
military jurisdiction.
Evening star., 1955-11-13

Forty-seyen days in the hospital long, long tme
Dwight B. Eisenhower was happy when he could give
up his paaas and robe last week and go home again The
American public seemed happy too watched the Chief
Executive back to Washington after difficult illness
The presidential doctors at Fzsinons Army Hospital in
Evening star., 1955-11-13
THE LAW
Court Actions Stress
Civil Rights; Dixie
Ruce Cuse Dropped

There was significant court &C.
tion last week In several areas Of
law involving constitutional rights.
The right of a civilian to q trial by
jury in i civil court was emphasized
by Supreme Court decision. The
high court and a Virginia tribunal
wrote new chapters in the racial
segregation dispute. And Missis-
sippi grand jury brought State legal
action to an end in the wolf
whistle" case.