davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-27
They Are on Federal Duty

The Army Department does not have
good case in seeking reimbursement,
from the taxpayers of Washington, for
the salaries of officers assigned here as
Assistant Engineer Commissioners. They
are not assigned here ION a reimburse
ment basis" They serve here under a
statute authorizing the President to de-
tail not more than three junior officers
to such duty. Congress has neither au-
thorized, nor appropriated for, the pay
inent of their salaries out of local funds.
When Congress created the commits
sion form Of government for the District
In 1878 1t provided that one of the Com
rlissionerS should be an officer from the
Corps Of Engineers, to protect Federal in
terests and to share responsibilities Of
local government. The growth Of such
responsibilities led to the appointment of
assistants. The Federal Government, as
well as the municipality, has profited
from the arrangement. But there is no
more SenSe-or equity-in charging the
salaries of the assistants to the local tax
payers than there would be In charging
salaries of other Army officers, assigned
to river and harbor work or other such
civil functions, to the communities in
which they are stationed.
Should the District be required to
pay these salaries, however, the posi-
bilities should be explored of hiring
civilian engineers as career employees at
the District Building The advantages
Of their permanent services as assistants
to the Engineer Commissioner might OUT
weigh the loss Of the Army officers de-
tailed to that duty, and who usually are
subject to transfer about the time they
become familiar with their assignments.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-27
Britoin's Third Man

The identification, by member Of
Parliament, of Harold Philby as the
"third man" in the Maclean-Burgess spy
case sheds little new light on this
mysterious affair.
Philby formerly was in charge Of
security at the British Embassy here.
His particular job was to see to it that
embassy personnel protected the secrecy
Of official documents
According to London reports, Philby
unwittingly pulled the trigger on the
spy case. Donald Maclean, then head Of
the American department of the British
Foreign ONCE, was under surveillance as
q spy for the Russians. Guy Burgess, an
all-around bad actor, had been recalled
to London from his post as second secre-
tary at the Washington embassy and
forced to resign from the diplomatic
service. But this was for misconduct.
Although evidently a spy, he was not
suspect on that ground. Philby, who did
not know that Maclean was spy, Is sup
posed to have warned Burgess that his
conduct was under scrutiny. Whether
Maclean also was warned Is not known.
But both men In any event fed from
London in 1851, and are believed to be
working for the Russians in Moscow.
Philby resigned from the government
service four months after the escape Of
Maclean and Burgess.
The thing that sticks in the craw in
this business and which ostensibly
touched of the row in Commons which
resulted in the naming of Philby, is the
attitude of the British government.
There Is considerable evidence that Brit
ish counter-intelligence bungled the job
prior to the escape of Maclean and Bur-
CESS. There is great deal Of evidence
that the British government has tried to
cover up much Of the scandal. It is this
latter aspect which has provoked most Of
the criticism In London.
Prime Minister Eden now says that
the matter will be called up for debate
in Commons at an early date. Since
there is no other way to establish the
facts and allay unwarranted suspicious,
the sooner this is done the better 1t
will be.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-27
'UncIuttered Silhouette

California has declared war on the
Ivy League-sartorially speaking. Some
thing known as the Mems Apparel Guild
in the West Coast State is stamping this
year for more color in mems clothes
taking dead aim at the charcoal shades
that have been popularized in recent
seasons and which had their first vogue
in the conservative Northeast.
The prospect, as unveiled by muscled
male models before buyers show In
Los Angeles, is slightly frightening For
not only is the guild advocating brighter
and lighter hues in suits, it is also advo
eating ruffied shirts with polka dots
Even so, there is one intriguing sug-
gestion in all this, namely, that the we'll
dressed male should aspire to an "un-
cluttered silhouette" This could mean
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-27
Bidding for Farm Friends

Announcement Of an $85-million
Government pork-buying program indi-
Gates that the Republican administration
has prepared some new, or at least sup
Elemental, moves toward meeting the
problem of sagging farm income. Very
likely there are several motivations-
economic, humanitarian and political.
Within reasonable bounds, any or all Of
these considerations are enough to JUS
tify new look at current administration
farm policies and to warrant action which
might bolster relatively depressed seq
ment Of the national economy. Within
this troubled area, the problem Of the
hog farmer has become most acute as
prices for his products have dropped
steadily in recent months to their lowest
level since 1912
At this point, at least, the pork
buying program is limited one along
lines recommended to Secretary of Agri-
culture Benson by special advisory
committee. Estimating that it would
last for about 10 months, the Secretary
told news conference that only certain
quality" products would be purchased,
that they would be channeled into Cur
rent consumption through the school
lunch program and aid to charitable in
stitutions, and that no purchases will be
made for stockpiling. Aside from tempo
rary assistance to the hog raisers, the
detectives will be to encourage the mar
keting of lighter-weight hogs and to give
the farmers time to adjust to production.
The fact that Mr.. Benson will see
President Eisenhower in Denver on Satur-
day has led to speculation that other
supplementary farm aid steps are con-
templated during the next few months.
There has been no real evidence, however,
that the administration is preparing to
abandon its flexible price support pro-
gram for basic crops and Mr.. Benson
repeated at his news conference that
there is no cabinet split or lack of support
for this program. Indeed, what may have
been a revealing hint Of administration
strategy was given last month when a
Benson aide said 1t might be necessary
to "buy time" with some temporary farm
assistance program until the flexible
price support system has become fully
operative.
The political implications are per-
fectly clear. Nine Farm Belt States went
solidly Republican In 1852. The Demo-
Gratis think they can be won in 1856 Both
Adlai Stevenson and Averell Hartman,
leading contenders for the Democratic
presidential nomination, have made their
initial farm bids by stumping for return
to the f1xed, high price support plan. The
Republicans, not surprisingly, are making
counter bid. The final offers have not
yet been made by either party.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-27
LETTERS TO THE STAR

adults as soon as Is possible;
for the October 20 story also
told Of the death from polio
Of a Montgomery County
woman aged Is years whose
life might have been saved had
Salk vaccine been available to
her before she had contracted
the disease.
May 1t be Gods will that a
more perfect vaccine is de-
veloped and produced in guam
tity in the near future for use
in preventing such tragedies
as these. In the meantime, let's
encourage the use Of Salk vac
cine. which, II not perfect. does
give 5000 per cent immunity
against paralytic polio at this
time.
Lillian H. McNish,
Chairman OF Women's Ac.-
tivities. Montg emery
County National Founda-
ton for Infantile Pa
ralysis.
Editors Note: The Star
story merely reported the fact
Of this incident. There wa
nothing unfair" or "mislead
ing" about it,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-27
Segregation in Russia

David Lawrence's column
headed Segregated Schools in
Russia" based on the findings
OF Robert F, Kennedy in his
travels through Central Asia,
was read with understandable
interest at first, then with
amusement and finally with
disgust.
There are no segregated
schools in Russia either by
race, color, or religion, con-
trary to the assurance of Mr..
Kennedy and Mr.. Lawrence.
Over $50 languages are
spoken in Russia. and the
Soviet government is doing
everything to preserve and
maintain the original Ian
guage, culture and folklore of
each nationality. race and
tribe and develop them as far
as possible, adding new words,
Technology and expressions
Of modern times and even 60
ing as far as creating new
alphabets for some nation
alities
Schools are not segregated
in Russia by color or race, but
instructions are con d NC t e d
there In the native tongue,
with the Russian language as
a separate but compulsory
study, This is the reason why
Russian minorities among the
Tadjics. Sarts, Kirgiz, Kali
muks and so on, have their
own schools, not on account
Of a desire to be separated
from what Mr.. Lawrence calls
"colored" natives Of that
region.
Eugene Esten.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-27
Free Country

Air Secretary Quarles says
Free rides for Senators" is an
everyday occurrence.
Before the disputed episode
over the $40, 900 cost for flying
three Senators home from Eu-
rope came up. I had pondered
many times over the free"
everything which seems to be
given to all officials, from the
President down. We elect these
men to Office; we do not elect
their wives. mothers in law.
grandchildren, or what have
you. ] have heard the COM
plant many times that these
officials are given certain con-
cessions because they give up
large incomes to work for the
Government. To my way of
thinking. they know all this
when they run for an office;
but as soon as they are safely
In. they Immediately begin to
sQuawk about what they
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-27
The Acid Test?

For what 1t may be worth, the repre-
sentatives of the West go into the Geneva
conference, opening today, with most Of
the free nations supporting their position
on the German question.
This comes about through approval
Of memorandum by the North Atlantic
Council, composed of Is nations. After
listening to an explanation of the pro-
posals which the Big Three foreign min
listers will take into the conference, and
after thorough discussion, the council
Endorsed the general positions" of the
Western representatives. For what this
may be worth, and 1t may not be worth a
great deal as far as its impact on the
Russians is concerned, 1t brings the
smaller countries into the picture at the
consultative stage, and adds their moral
support to the Western position.
A few hours after the council action,
President Eisenhower tried once again to
lend the support of his prestige to the
effort to find at Geneva some common
ground for agreement between Russia
and the West This came in the form of
an eleventh-hour statement from the
Presidents hospital room in Denver
statement which, 1t must be said, is
notable more for its caution than its
optimism.
The President began by recalling his
own statement at the opening of the
Geneva meeting at the summit" that
its purpose was ito create a new spirit
that will make possible future solutions
of problems which are within our respon-
sibilities." The world, he said yesterday,
"hopes" that that conference did in fact
create this new spirit
Then he reminded us that he had
reported to the American people that the
"acid test" would come with the meeting
of the foreign ministers, opening today.
That which followed was permeated
with caution. The President praised the
positions and proposals" which the West
will make at Geneva. He said that they
reflect genuine spirit of Cancellation
and accommodation. IF" the Soviet
Union responds In similar spirit much
progress" can be made. Then he added
this seemingly significant comment: I'VE
shall all of us follow with eagerness the
developments at Geneva, for they will go
Tar to demonstrate whether the spirit OF
Geneva marks genuine change -"
There is an important difference
between speaking of the Geneva develop
ments as providing the "acid test" of
Soviet good faith and saying that they
will "go far" toward revealing Russian
intentions. There is a connotation OF
hnality-of burned bridges-about the
former. The latter leaves room for swal-
lowing disappointment and trying all
over again.
So the inference is that the President
Is admonishing against hopes which may
soar, only to be dashed in the end. 1t is
hard to believe that Russia will want to
leave Geneva with nothing but empty
hands. But If that is going to be the
result, II the spirit of Geneva is to be
exposed as sham, then 1t is better to be
psychologically prepared for it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-27
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWElL

in many Of the older light
operas, such as 'The Serenade"
and THE Wizard Of the Nile"
1.-The Singing Girl" was an
other. The famous Gypsy
Love Song" is from the latter.
One of the last of the older
strata Of Victor Herbert was
Algeria" with its magnificent
opening set that was supposed
to have cost a cool one hundred
thousand dollars, a big sum in
those days.
The opera was a failure.
but the music was still the old
Herbert. Twilight in Bara-
keesh" was the rousing opening
chorus.
The clash of swords. and the
beautiful Algerian setting. viii
never be forgotten by those
who saw them. The music was
not the best Herbert, but his
second best was better than
most composers best.
Light opera is not q new
thing.
The Spanish people have
what they zarzuela. which Is
the same thing.
The Spanish light operas
have. naturally enough, . ia
vor all their own, one which
those older boys of yesteryear
would have loved. but they
had never heard Of them. The
modern monograph and rec
ords have brought these. with
the flamenco music. into the
daily life of American music
lovers. At first regarded as
exotic. the flamenco gypsy
music. with its guitar strum-
ming and calls, seems quite
right now to thousands of mu-
sic lovers. 1t is strictly its own
music, that is. it is like nothing
else on earth. Until you have
heard this music. you have
missed something.
In contrast. the old opera
makers of the los and 80s,
particularly in Germany, Au-
stria and France, were settled.
coy and calm, in the effects
they achieved. Lehar's THE
Merry Widow" might be re-
garded as the last of this
school. as 1t is one of the great
est.
Boys brought up on such
music can never be fooled. The
--latest" musical comedies, with
their uproar and swing and
swish, may strike them as
pretty poor stuff. at times, and
they will be right. There is
nothing in this world to equal
having a background. One Of
the great troubles today is that
too many people do not even
know what the word means.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-27
THE POLITICAL MILL
Growing Use Of Worren's Name
By GOULD LINCOLN

matter Of embarrassment 30
me because It reflects upon the
performance Of my duties a.
Chief Justice Of the United
States. When ] accepted that
position, 1t was with the fixed
purpose Of leaving politics per-
manently for service on the
court. That Is still my purpose.
I win not change 1t under any
circumstances or conditions.
Be they many or few, the re-
naming useful years Of my life
are dedicated to the service of
the Supreme Court Of the
United States, in which work
I am increasingly happy
The statement seems TO cover
the ground-irrevocably. How
ever. Senator Russell and
others think otherwise.
Chief Justice Warren is not
the only Chief Justice whose
name has been used In the past
as that Of a potential nominee
for President. His immediate
predecessor, Chief Justice VIM
son, was frequently mentioned
as a possibility for the Demo-
cratic presidential nomination
If and when President Truman
should decline to run In 1852.
Truman declined to run and
the talk Of vinson died down.
Mr.. Vinson let 1t be known he
did not want such a llomina-
ton.
Hughes Accepted
One member Of the Supreme
Court, and only one, has ever
been nominated for President
the late Charles Evans
Hughes who accepted q presi-
Dental nomination by the
Republican National Conven-
ton in 1916. At the time,
Hughes was an associate JUS
tice. Later he became Chief
Justice under appointment
of President Hoover, In 1880.
Mr.. Hughes had served six
years on the Supreme Court
when he resigned to accept
the presidential nomination.
Chief Justice Warren win be
IS years old next March. Like
Hughes. Chief Justice Warren
was Governor Of his State
California-and up to his ears
in politics. He was q vice
presidential nominee in 1913,
and in 1852 a contender for
the presidential nomination.
AS Chief Justice, Mr.. Warren
handed down the courts
opinion holding segregation in
public schools unconstitu-
tional. It's no secret that
Republicans believe this
strengthened Warren. should
he become a presidential NOM
iilee.
The court, indeed, will be
regarded as a political STEP
ping stone If the Chief Justice
accepts q nomination. This
writer does not believe he ever
will,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-27

The ever-growing use Of
Chief Justice Earl Warren's
name in connection with the
1856 Republican presidential
nomination is astounding. In
view of the very firm state
ment made by the Chief JUS
tice last April Is. Senator Rus
sell, Georgia Democrat, is one
Of the latest to predict that
the Chief Justice will be the
Republican choice for Presi-
dent--if President Eisenhower
does not run. In Senator Rus
sells opinion, the Chief Justice
has not taken himself out Of
the race beyond all possible
reconsideration. And he added,
at is rather unusual for q
Chief Justice to 60 around
browning so many queens and
making so many speeches"
Russell's prediction, indeed, is
not without acceptance in q
number Of quarters. Republic
can leaders who now seriously
doubt President Eisenhower
will be a candidate are grasp
ing at the idea that Warren
can be persuaded to accept q
nomination.
Could Amend Stand
Some of this is entirely sell
fish, arising from a belief that
Warren is far and away the
strongest nominee the @. o. P.
can put forward--next to Eli
senhower. And some OF it arises
from a real belief that Warren
would make an excellent Pres
ident. One important party
leader-who desires to be
nameless-was quite frank in
saying he thought the Chief
Justice could-he did not say
would-reviSe and amend his
position If the nomination were
offered him by the Republican
National Convention.
Naturally. the Chief Justice
does not wish to issue state
ments every six months re-
garding his political or lack Of
political intentions. Indeed,
he must necessarily believe
that his April statement will
be accepted. Yet the con-
stantly repeated assertions,
predictions and reasons given
for his nomination by the Re-
publicans can scarcely fail to
be embarrassing to the Chief
Justice-aS they were before
he issued his declaration that
he would under no circum-
stances be a candidate for po-
litical Office. How long he will
remain silent is anybody's
guess. It seems obvious, how
ever, what viii happen if and
when President Eisenhower
takes himself out of the 1856
presidential race. The demand
for Warren will intensity.
Here is what the Chief JUS
tice is on record as saying in
April: "My name has been used
as q possible candidate for the
presidency. This has been q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-27
Vaccine Approisol

The story carried In Inc
Star on october 20. captioned
Boy Gets Polio; Took Salk
Shot, is misleading and de-
structiye Of public confidence
in the Salk vaccine, which Is
recommended not only by the
National Foundation for In
fantile Paralysis for use against
paralytic polio but also by the
U. s. Public Health Service and
the American Academy OF
Pediatrics.
The Stars story reports that
ian eight-year-old boy Of I. !.
Bethesda. who received a Salk
vaccine shot last April, has
been stricken with bulbar-
paralytic polio :" Later on.
the story states This is the
second case OF its kind in
Montgomery County. The Salk
vaccine, while it protects
against the paralytic effects of
polio. is not 100 per cent ef-
fective."
The National Foundation for
Infantile Paralysis has never
claimed the Salk vaccine was
more than 5000 per cent eff
fective against paralytic polio.
and this claim has been based
on three separate shots of Salk
vaccine given at spaced inter-
walls, not on a single shot of
the vaccine. The children liv-
ing in Montgomery County
who are In the priority age
group receiving the free Salk
vaccine. furnished by the Ma
tional Foundation for Infantile
Paralysis and administered by
the County Health Department
through the schools. have re-
ceiyed only one shot of Salk
vaccine. This Is due to the
postponement of the second
shot until fall. which is now
scheduled to be given. Since
these are all of the facts, the
implied failure of the Salk vac
cine as reported in The Star
Is obviously unfair.
The National Foundation
for Infantile Paralysis is not
satisfied with the 5000 per
cent effectiveness Of the Salk
vaccine and is supporting basic
research to find an even more
effective vaccine. Funds used
for this purpose are derived
from the March Of Dimes
drive. which takes place an
nually in January and is the
only drive for funds particle
pated in by the foundation. It
was our contributions to the
March of Dimes which have
made possible the development
OF the Salk vaccine, the Salk
vaccine used in the field trial
polio vaccine test and the 50
million worth Of vaccine now
being administered through
the schools to the priority age
group.
The National Foundation for
Infantile Paralysis is indeed
grateful for the good publicity
given its cause through the
newspapers, but stories such as
that Of October 20 cloud the
issue and discourage vaccina-
ton with the Salk vaccine,
which should be given not only
to the priority age group now
agreed upon but to our young
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-27
Opposes Sales Tax

It is incredible that The
Star should ask editorially, as
it did on October 10, what 10
wrong with a sales tax any
way?"
1t seems to me that any
high school student who could
add and multiply would know
the answer to that question.
Here 1t is:
The sales tax makes the
people who have q very low
income pay the same amount
OF tax on the necessary food
to keep them alive that is de-
manded Of the highest paid
executives. They must also
pay the same amount of tax
on the bare necessities. cloth
ing, shoes. etc.-the very
minimum in everyday living
that the millionaire pays. The
poor District family with five
children to support must now
pay at least $50 a year under
the sales tax on food alone
just to live; the wealthy man
need pay no more. II the sales
tax in the District is raised to
3 per cent, as proposed, the
minimum food tax for a family
of five would be s45 a year.
The editorial also says, "All
but Is Of the States have
found nothing wrong with it"
and that proves nothing, ex-
cept that. as you also say, 1T
is a major revenue producer, /"
and, you might have added. at
the expense of the people who
can least afford it.
AS for my view, I am proud
to have always opposed the
sales tax, and to believe that
there is more justice in re-
curing people like the edi-
torial writer and me to pay a
proportionately higher tax,
than to collect such an ex-
orbitant percentage from the
bare living wage so many OF
our people must live on.
Marinrie p White