davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19
Son Of Ex-Enyoy Kennedy Notes
Color Line Drown In Central Asio

children and one set Of schools
for the children Of the local
people. It is Q segregated
school system.
20. Why Is that?
"A, The explanation the Of
ficiais gave us Is that people
like their own schools.
60. It isn't q racial Ques-
tionp
"A. ! believe that is q rea-
sonable assumption. In every
city that we visited In central
Asia the schools were segre-
gated-the Russian school
children in one school. the lo-
cal children in another.
%. Is there Q difference in
color between the Russians
and the natives2
"A. Oh. yes. they are com.
pletely different.
%. / mean IN color.
"a. oh. yes. The Russians
are European, white. The ma
tives are Mongolian-a dark
race"
Mr.. Kennedy says he found
the people friendly but that
Communist Party leaders were
inclined to be hostile. He adds
that their so-called labor
unions are dictated to by the
Russian government and that
the whole Russian system is q
form of slavery. since every
body must work for the state.
How do you account for the
fact that so many people in
America who call themselves
liberals are 50 enthusiastic
about Russian things and want
us to recognize them and play
ball with them?" Mr.. Ken
nedy was asked.
II think the same groups
have made mistakes before, |"
he replied. The interview then
went on:
%. It seems to me every
thing you have said would be
anathema to any real NIB
eral.-
"A. That is what ! can't
understand either.
@. Did they make q great
many concessions to you over
there?
"A. Some concessions. at
least over the old policies
the fact that we are allowed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Demond for Top-Level Peiping Talks
Tied to Hint Of Formos0 Trouble

threat that the Communist
forces could soon be launched
against the Nationalist gar
risons on Quemoy and the
Matsus has made little inn
preston ON the Representatives
Of our Government who are
determined to resist any Red
blackmail.
There is no question that
the Communists have had for
some time the capability to
take the islands II they want
to pay Q very heavy price and
II washington decides not to
allow the It'll Fleet and the
Pacific air forces to protect
the islands. There Is q strong
feeling among our military
that the price might prove too
heavy for the Reds to want to
pay 1t.
Moreover. the men In
Peiping still don't know def
nitely what Americas atti-
tude will be In the event Of
such an aggression. And for
that matter nobody In Wash
ineton knows it either. The
final decision rests with Presi-
dent Eisenhower who will con-
suit the Joint Chiefs Of Stan.
II the Communist attack is
considered as threatening the
security Of our defenses in the
Pacific and the Chief Execu-
tive decides that the offshore
islands are important to our
security, the American forces
In the threatened areas will be
ordered into action.
This Is an entirely different
situation for the Chinese Com
munists from that In Septem-
Der. 1850. when they had COM
pleted their concentrations on
the Yalu River and In Novem-
Der Of that year when they
launched their mass attack
into Korea. Moscow and
Peiping had then received posi-
tive information Chat the
United Nations forces under
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19
DOROTHY THOMPSON
Assessing Position Of West

since Geneva. All that Geneva
really did was to air the con-
yictionT common TO Russia and
the United States that an in.
tercontinental~ war involving
the great powers could not. in
the thermonuciear age. be won
by anybody and that 1t should.
therefore. be excluded from
calculations. This produced q
universal feeling Of relief and
therefore. certainly. a dirninu-
ton of popular tension.
But 1t did nothing to dispose
Of issues whose outcome will
drastically. and perhaps per-,
manently, affect the power
constellation of the world. and
the pattern Of world civiliza-
ton which always accornmo-
dates itself to power.
Contrary to what is, per-,
haps, a popular conception,
the spirit Of Geneva does not
abolish war. Its implicit mean
ing is that wars henceforth will
be localized. conducted with
out direct military interfer-
ence by the great powers. But
just such marginal" wars are
the ones by which the status,
quo can be continually altered
and by which, step by step, the
whole power constellation can
be changed.
AS Gen. Macarthur pointed
out months ago in his speech
calling for universal and total
disarmament. these marginal
wars-like Korea and Indo-
China as they turned out-are
the ones out Of which the
West is least equipped to pull
an advantage. and the kind in
which revolutionary organiza-
tions, supported by the Soviets.
can best and most safely func-
ton.
But Geneva, by exorcizing
the fear Of general war. or Of
. direct Russian attack. has
led to q crisis In NATO-or
speeded up q latent crisis. II
there Is no big DOGGY In sight.
some Of its members can now
Tor think they CAM indulge in
the luxury Of quarrels among
themselves. Il Is TO this that
] shall devote BY next report.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19
Geneva Spirit Causes Relaxation
That Tends to Blind Average Man

On this trip. which was
carefully planned in advance.
! have. so far. received ex-
ceptional cooperation from
the governments Of the coun-
tries ! have yisited-in Great
Britain ! was able to see three
of the most important cabi-
net ministers. high function
aries In their own and other
ministries. In both countries
! have talked with leading
journalists, industrialists,
trade unionists and military
men whose judgment ] have
reason FROM long experience
to trust. Mine Is frankly q
brain-picking expedition.
But this generalization can,
I think. already be made:
All the people I have seen,
Of whatever party or occupa-
ton. realize-if preferably not
for direct quotation. and for
reasons / respect--that since
the Geneva Conference we
have entered one Of the most
critical periods in Western his
tory.
They observe that the spirit
Of Geneva" or :co-existence"
has engendered q public re-
Taxation Cor even compla-
cency) that tends to blind the
average citizen to the signifi-
canoe Of the most recent de-
velopments.
Every Western country, with
the exception Of the United
States, has problems to tax the
abilities OF q political and &C.
onomic genius, or those Of the
leaders OF the best-governed
countries, Of which Great Brit
ain is certainly one. Every lead
ing country has challenges
unique In It's history IL one ex-
cepts periods Of drastic revo-
luton. And the problems Of
each are compounded by the
problems Of all.
To speak first Of the "all,"
there is q crisis within NATo
that has steadily intensified
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-19

Although as I write ! have
had very little time in Europe
and that spent only In Lon
don and Paris. 1t is possible to
make a few congratulations
summarizing the views Of some
Of the most competent OBJ
servers and analyzers, in and
outside Of governing positions.
My object In making this
journey is to try TO assess the
position Of the West, as a
civilization. culture. and power
In the late months Of 1855. is
the West. as q whole, advance
ing. retreating, or holding Its
own during the rising OF the
East under the sponsorship
and protection Of the Russian
Soviet Union? Is there reason
for confidence that 1t will
command the future with any
degree of the authority and
prestige 1t has had in the
past?
One need not travel from
ones own study to ask that
all-important question. nor,
necessarily, to approximate q
reasonable appraisal. A friend
of mine once said, rather
shrewdly, 1.-THE intelligentsia
travel; the intelligent stay at
home Everyone who reads
and thinks beyond his per-
sonal affairs is asking the
same question, and the best
minds Of our world are con-
tinually expressing themselves
on 1t. or offering information.
available to anyone with time
to read. that should throw
light on the answers. None Of
us Is short Of information"
But there comes q time when
one feels that one must test
ones views. observations. in
formation. or even lunches
that sixth political sense that
may rightly be Needed
against those Of others. bet
ter equipped or closer to pri-
yate intelligence than, one
self, preferably In the form Of
candid conversations.
Evening star., 1955-05-22

and that a means the sound
made by opening your mouth
wide.
Therefore, when he saw the
written word mensa for the first
time. he could read it right of
and learn, with a feeling of happy
discovery. that this collection OF
letters meant table. Not only
that. he could also write the word
down from dictation without ever
having seen it before. And not
only that. he could do this with
practically every word in the
language.
This is not miraculous, it's the
only natural system of learning
how to read.
Throwback to Chinese
What do we use instead?
Why. the only other possible
system Of course-the system
that was in use before the in
vention Of the alphabet In 1900
BIC. We have decided to forget
that we write with letters and
learn to read English as If it
were Chinese. One word after
another after another after an
other. If we want to read ma
Evening star., 1955-05-22

Mr.. Yui was asked if he ex-
pected an easing of international
tension or a sell-out of Nation
alist China to result from the
projected Big Four conference Of
the United States, Russia. Great
Britain and France.
He said he doubted If such a
conference would contribute to
peace but that it would have no
right to take up matters affect
Ing Nationalist China's interests
without the Nationalist present. y
Determined on Course
One newsman suggested that
native-born Formosans were not
so interested in returning to the
China mainland as were the
Nationalists and asked Mr.. Yui
if that was so.
''It is the determination Of
all the people Of Free China to
overthrow the Peiping regime
and recover the mainland" Mr..
Yui replied, whether they be
Taiwanese-born or otherwise. -
(Taiwan is the Chinese name
for FormoSa.)
Mr.. Yui said Come what may.
We will never change our atti-
tude of defending Quemoy and
Matsu." And he rejected any
thought of a ceasef1re as tan
tamount to recognizing the
fruits of Communist agrees
sion."
Evening star., 1955-05-22
Argentine Plot
10 L

BUENoS AIRES. Argentina.
May 81 R.-Federal police dis
closed today they have arrested
IL persons, including two Roman
Catholic priests, in d new inves-
tigation Of an alleged plot to
create disturbances.
A high police official said the
arrests occurred last night and
early today. Complete details
will be made public Monday, he
said. after conclusion of the in
vestigation.
He charged that those arrested
were suspected Of secretly print
ing pamphlets attacking the
Peron government for its part in
the state-church controversy.
Congress has enacted legisla-
tion to call an assembly to amend
the constitution and end Roman
Catholicism as the state religion.
Newspapers supporting the
government carried stories under
big headlines, charging the Ro-
man Catholic clergy with respon-
sibility for what they called a
"subversive plot" They did not
print details except to report
that several leaders Of the lay
Catholic action group were
among those arrested.
Evening star., 1955-05-22

System. There he prepared edu-
cational programs and analyzed
scripts for reliability. The next
| two years he was here with OPA.
and then he devoted himself to
writing and to jobs as a con-
sultant.
One such job was with the
Associated Press. Newspapers
had complained that many AP
stories were wooden and hard
to read. But they wouldn't. or
couldn't, say why. DR.. Flesch
was assigned the job of finding
the answers.
He came up with a formula for
standard writing which the aver
age American would read with
ease and interest. Briefly. it was
this: A readable sentence should
not contain more than 10 words
on the average. A hundred words
should not contain more than
$50 syllables. A readable story
should also contain at least 6
per cent personal" words (names
and personal pronouns) and IL
per cent personal sentences
Questions, commands and re-
quests.
Applied Prescription
The AP set to work to apply
the Flesch prescription. Alan J..
Gould, executive editor, said the
impact of DR.. Flesch's ideas rep
resents lone Of the most sig
nificant developments of our
journalistic times" He said DR..
Flesch's work helped the AP pro-
duce report easier for the aver
age reader to understand.
What the Flesh formula has
boiled down to in newspaper
work is this: Keep the SEN
tences short and simple; an
average of 10 words is about
right. Another way to reach
the same result is to put no
more than one idea or subject
in sentence.
In addition to writing for
magazines, DR.. Flesch wrote five
books before why Johnny
Can't Read" They are 1.-THE
Art Of Plain Talk" "The Way
to Write" "The Art Of Readable
Writing" "How to Test Read
ability" and 1.-THE Art of Clear
Thinking" Sales have totaled
more than 10000 copies.
DR.. Flesch is married. He and
his wife and four children live
at Dobbs Ferry, N. Y.
Evening star., 1955-05-22
CIRCUS TO HAVE
ELEPHANT ACT
FOR NIXON PARTY

The Ringing Bros. and
Barnum & Bailey Circus
was busy whipping an added
attraction into shape last
night.
They were squeezing into
today's matinee a Republi-
can salute from the shows
81 elephants for Vice Presi-
dent Nixon, who has made
reservations for six - his
party of four and two Secret
Service agents.
We're lucky it's a Repub-
lican administration" a cir
Gus spokesman said. where
would we round up 81 dom
keys for a Democratic sa-
lute?"
The matinee at the show
grounds on Benning road
NE. is at 2;15 pm. with
the doors opening at 2 pm.
Tonight's show is at 7 pm.
with the doors open at 6
pm.
Evening star., 1955-05-22
FLESCH
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
somewhere around 1900 B. c.
Before the invention of the al
phabet there was only picture
writing-a picture of an OK meant
COX" a picture of house meant
"house," and so on. The Chinese
TO this day have a system OF
writing with symbols that stand
for whole words.
AS soon as people had an al
phabet, the job of reading and
writing was tremendously simpli-
fed. Before that, you had to
have q symbol for every word in
the language-10,000, 10000 or
whatever the vocabulary range
was.
Now, with the alphabet. all
YOU had to learn was the letters.
Each letter stood for a certain
sound, and that was that. To
write a word-any word-all you
had to do was break it down into
It's sounds and put the corre-
kponding letters on paper.
So, ever since 1900 B. c. people
All over the world-wherever an
alphabetic system Of writing was
used-learned how to read and
write by the simple process Of
nemorizing the sound Of each let
ter in the alphabet.
How Romans Learned
When a schoolboy in ancient
Rome learned to read, he didn't
learn that the written word
mensa meant a table. that is. a
certain piece of furniture with a
fat top and legs.
Instead, he began by learning
that the letter m stands for the
sound you make when you put
your lips together. that means
the sound that comes out when
you open your mouth about half
way, that n is like m but with
the lips open and the teeth to-
gether, that has Kissing sound.
Evening star., 1955-05-22

DEXTER z. BRYAN
1900 Rhode Island Ave. NE DU. T-47o0
&. A. GAScH 8 SON
4723 Annapolis Rd. WA. 1888
MATTHEW A. WEIGH 8 SON
2726 18th ct. NE. LA. 6-SOS0
Evening star., 1955-05-22
FIesch Led Federal Fight
Against GobbIedygook'

Dr.. Rudolf Flesch, whose
"Why Johnny Can't Read" {"
starts serially in The Star to-
day. is no stranger to many
Washington area residents.
He served in the wartime Of
fee of Price Administration.
OPA hired him to lead a coun-
terattack against Federalese. or
"gobbledygook." He also taught
classes here.
1t was pointed out then that
the man who was a specialist in
simple English-writing it and
talking twas working in a
language to which he was not a
native
DR.. Flesch was born in Vienna
May 8. 1911. He planned to be
a lawyer, as was his father. He
obtained a doctorate in law at
the University of Vienna in 1888.
He practiced law until 1898. the
year Hitler moved in. So DR..
Flesch came to the United
States.
Soon an Expert
Less than 10 years later he
was expert enough to get a job
with OPA. That agency was is
suing bulletins to about every
body. They were wordy, in
volved and hard to understand.
Here is an example from an
OPA order:
Unless the Office of Price Ad-
ministration, or an authorized
representative, shall, by letter
mailed to the applicant within
81 days from, the date of filing
application. diSapprove the max
imum price as reported, such
price shall be deemed to have
been approved, subject to nom
retroactive written disapproval,
or adjustment at any later time
by the Office of Price Admins
tration."
When DR.. Flesch rewrote it, it
became: you must wait three
weeks before you charge the CELL
ing price you applied for. OPA
can always change that price. If
they do. they will write you a
letter."
The main thing, according to
DR.. Flesch. is to use words sim
ply and clearly.
Taught Graduate Glass
In 1945 DR.. Flesch taught a
class in the Graduate School of
the Agriculture Department on
Readable Writing and Simplif1-
cation" The next year he taught
80 officers of the Public Build
ing Administration. w. E. Reyn-
olds, then public buildings COM
missioner. was one of his stu
dents.
Between DR.. Flesch's arrival in
this country and his work in
Washington he had been to
school again. In 1889 he was
granted a refugee scholarship by
Columbia University. A year
later he was graduated from the
School of Library Service with
highest honors and a B. S. de-
gree.
He was employed in the Read
ability Laboratory sponsored by
the American Association for
Adult Education. He continued
his studies at Columbia. He re-
cc!ved an M. A. in adult educa-
ton from Teachers College at
Columbia. and in 1943 a Phi. D.
in educational research.
From 1912 to 1914 he worked
at the Columbia Broadcasting
Evening star., 1955-05-22

Tom0rrOw-Fact0ry Pro-
duced Textbooks. Who writes
them and how are they pro-
duced? What happened to a
famous scholar who said our
methods of teaching reading
were wrong?
From the book why Johnny Can
Read" by Rudolf Flesch, copyright
1850. by Harper &, Bros Distributed b.
the REGISTER and Tribune Syndicate.l
Evening star., 1955-05-22
Formoso Bars Truce,
Menon Leaves Peiping

TAIPEI, Formosa. May 81 R.
The Nationalist premier said
today all Formosa remains de-
termined to recover the main
land, will not accept a cease-fire.
will not give up offshore islands
and will not be bound by any Big
Four agreements affecting our
interests"
Premier o. K. Yui spoke to a
press conference of 40 foreign
and Chinese newsmen.
Over on the mainland, v. K.
Krishna Menon, foreign policy
adviser to India's Prime Minister
Nehru. took a plane for New
Delhi sfter winding up talks
with Red China's top officials
believed to have dealt with the
Formosan situation. Peiping radio
quoted him as saying I'VE can
look forward with hope"
There were unconfirmed re-
ports that Mr.. Menon had pro-
posed as the basis of United
StateS-Red China negotiations
that Chang Kai-shek waive all
claims on the mainland and give
up the offshore islands of Que
moy and the Matsus.
U. S. Willing to Talk
The United States has ex-
pressed willingness to talk with
Red China about a cease-fire in
FormoSa Strait "a proposal
which Red Premier Chou En-lai
also says is unacceptable.
(Red guns fired 10 shells at
the Nationalist garrison on
Quemoy Saturday, but caused
no casualties. the Nationalist
Defense Ministry announcedD
At today's news conference,
Evening star., 1955-05-22
MucuuIuy to Speak

j. B. Macaulay. Deputy Assist
ant Secretary of Defense for re-
search and development, will
speak at q dinner meeting Of
the Chemical Engineers Club of
Washington at 8 pm. Tuesday
at the Woodner Hotel.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1955-05-20

out by the Commission for the Study Of Jewish Education in
1877 communities representing 80 percent of the entire Jewish
population 80. Seven years ago there were only 100000 pupils
in the various Jewish schools =. The nationwide expenditure
for Jewish education, according to research specialists of the
American Association for Jewish Education, is now in the
neighborhood of $35, 1000 a year However, Jewish edu-
cation is still facing quite a number of serious problems
One of them is the fact that 81 percent of the children still
attend Sunday schools only, and this means that their Jewish
education is limited to one, or one-and-a-half hours a week for
a 36-Week school year Another problem is the fact that
most of the children don't stay long enough even in the
schools which they attend two or three times a week An
exception is the more than 10000 children who attend all-day
Jewish schools and of whom 66 percent are boys Perhaps
the most serious problem facing Jewish education in this coun-
try today is the appalling shortage of qualified and competent
Jewish teachers Data compiled by the American ASSocia-
ton for Jewish Education shows that there are about 1920
teachers employed in Jewish schools Approximately LOO
are employed in New York City and over $500 in the rest of
the country -. This figure includes many who are not pre-
pared for the job and to whom teaching is not a calling 49,.
Thus many of them are only temporarily on the job -. 1t is
estimated that about 500 new teachers are needed every year
to replace the ones who leave the profession 80. However, the
existing IL teacher training schools turn out no more than 100
teachers for the Jewish school system :. The total enrolment
in these institutions is approximately 1900, of whom 81 per-
cent are male students Five of the teachers seminaries are
in New York They include the Teachers Institute of the
Jewish Theological Seminary, Teachers Institute of Yeshiva
University, Jewish Teachers Seminary, Hebrew Teachers
Training School for Girls, and Hebrew Teachers Institute
"Herzliah" There is also the College of Jewish Studies in
Chicago, Hebrew Teachers College in Boston, Hebrew Teach
ers Institute in Baltimore, and the Gratz College in Phila-
delphia :. Jewish teachers seminaries also exist in Cleveland,
Los Angeles and Detroit, but they have not as yet graduated
any teachers Almost all these institutions conduct after
noon or evening classes, while the bulk of their students re-
ceive general education in colleges or universities -