davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Hungry Horse news. [volume] (Columbia Falls, Mont.) 1948-current, 1955-09-16
Outline Growing Importance Of Aluminium

The following article Is background
Information prepared n connection
with ths Anseenda Alvminvm CO.
plant dedicaiion Aug. Is. With H.
Flathead, an aluminium production
center, The increasing Importance Of
HE lieht metal Is Of mere interest
to local residents.
Aluminium has been recognized as
an important element for more than
a century but its rightful place as
one Of the great building materials
of mankind was not gained until the
advent of World War II and most of
its growth has taken place since that
date.
It's light weight and good elecari-
cal properties had long been recog-
nized as being important attributes
of the ideal metal sought by the
metals industries but what it pos
sessed in these respects it lacked in
others. It was not strong and its
workability left much to be desired.
Its cost was not competitive and its
use was limited to highly specialized
fields. World War II changed all
that. New and better aluminium al
olys were introduced; production
costs were lowered and methods i'm
proved to the point where domestic
production of the metal today is ex-
ceeded only by steel.
Primary production Of aluminium
grew from $500 tons in 1900 to 1853,
500 tons in 1899. At the peak OF
World War II, domestic production
reached $4,000 tons. Production
dropped off this peak, but after 1916
output rose again as civilian con.
sumers began to be familiar with
its uses. Growing peacetime demand
plus outbreak of the Korean war
resulted in further expansion Of
production facilities. BY 1852, ap
proximately 937 900 tons of alumni
UNI were produced, nearly six time.
the production level in 1889. Expan
sion continued during 1858 when
252 900 tons were produced; and il
1854, output increased to 1,450 ,00'
TONS
Growth of facilities for producing
aluminium has continued at a rapi,
pace. Expansion of primary capa
city begun by domestic producer
Lduring the Korean war was sub
stantially completed during 1854
Since World War II, government
agencies have encouraged expansion
by tax amortization and agreemen
to purchase metal from new plant
for stock-piling. Two rounds Of e.
pansion have been about complete
and have added fourth producer
Anaconda Aluminium Company. A
these recent improvements have adj
ed $4,000 tons of plant capacity
sufficient to raise the domestic tots
to 1,500, 900 tons.
The 1854 record supply of alum
mum made metals history becaus
for the first time it exceeded tn
years copper supply. In terms {
actual usage, the relative growt
of aluminium supplies is even NOR
pronounced, since a pound of alum
mum has more than three times tt
cubic volume of a pound Of steel {
copper. On volume basis, the 10,
aluminium supply was more ths
Hungry Horse news. [volume] (Columbia Falls, Mont.) 1948-current, 1955-09-16
Advises Spring For
Planting Trees
BY Leonard Wager, HorticvltUris$
Montana Exfnns3on snrvicn

Montana Extension service
BOZEMAN-In Montana the plant
ing of most deciduous plant mater
ials including trees, shrubs and her
baceous plants is best done in the
spring. If planting must be done in
the fall, gardeners must expect
losses resulting from an open winter
and the effect of drying winds. To
overcome some loss, perennials can
be protected by covering with layers
of clean straw, but this becomes
quite chore if shrubs and trees are
similarly treated and it may pro-
vide little protection to these plants.
Evergreens can be transplanted in
late summer and early fall with con-
siderable success. If they are plant
ed in open, exposed places, the build
ing of burlap tents on the windward
side helps to reduce the drying ef-
| fects of winter winds.
There are a few types Of perennial
plants that are best planted in the
| fall - usually September being the
best time. These are the spring
blooming bulbs like narcissus, hya-
cinths, tulips and other lilies, per-
ennial peoples and peonies. Iris will
survive fall planting, but planting
them a month after blooming is
more successful.
Some of the losses of plants over
winter may be attributed to factors
other than extreme cold weather. In
fact, these other factors may be
more important in causing injury
than extreme cold. One cause Of
!; injury is frost heaving. Alternate
cold and warm spells may cause
heaving of the soil and expose the
. plant roots to the drying winds
!, Lack of good snow cover may cause
extremes of temperature around the
| root system of the plants. Exposed
ground exposes these plants to ex
treme dessication or drying out
Also, if warm spell occurs during
the winter, the plants may breal
: dormancy, and then they becom,
J injured from the next period of coli
/ weather - being unable to resis
: this sudden change of temperature
: All this leads up to the importance
of q good snow cover over the plant
during the winter months. To en-
) sure that the plants are properl.
protected, mulching with soil or wit
mulch materials like clean straw !
I very helpful. For example, tende
rose bushes such as hybrid teas ca
be protected by mounding them wit
at least 6 inches of soil and cover
ing the remainder of the bed wit
4 clean straw. Many perennials ca
( be protected simply by spreading
! layer Of clean straw over the pei
] ennial bed in the fall. Good drainag
< of perennial beds is important, to<
< If drainage is poor and water is a
j lowed to collect, some plants wi
A be smothered by the standing waite
X and possibly from the formation ,
Hungry Horse news. [volume] (Columbia Falls, Mont.) 1948-current, 1955-09-16

50 per cent greater than the COM
bined volume Of the copper, lead
and zinc supply.
The rapid growth in use of alumni
UNI has resulted in extensive search
es for bauxite and electrical energy
the raw materials Of the industry.
World consumption Of bauxite dur
ing the past three years equalled
tonnage consumed in World War II.
In spite Of this tremendous rate Of
bauxite consumption, now at to 8
million tons per year for the u. S.
and Canada, ore reserves have been
increased by more than one billion
tons since the start of World War II.
Additional large reserves Of alum
mum bearing materials are known
to exist both here and abroad. Low
er and lower grades Of bauxite are
becoming commercially disable
and research is being carried on
in the use Of aluminium clays, both
of which are found in large quanti-
ties here in the United States.
A key factor in continuing expan-
sion of aluminium output is the avail
ability of cheap electric power. The
nations hydroelectric resources
have been the principal suppliers
to the aluminium industry but as de-
mand increased other sources were
called upon. Today hydroelectric
power supplies So per cent Of the
energy required by the aluminium
industry. Natural gas combustion
generates electricity for IS per cent
of the nations aluminium and energy
from burning Ignite supplies power
for 7 per cent. With an energy re.
quirement Of 1900 XVIII Of cleo.
i tricity to produce one ton of alum
mum, the availability of power viii
continue to be a controlling factor
in the production of aluminium.
i Fabrication of aluminium has
grown with production of the basic
metal. A recent survey shows 20 ,00(
Independent fabricators of light me
/. tai parts and products with the re
suit that the capacity for rolling
extruding, casting and forging Q
aluminium have increased tremend
, OuSly.
Marketwise, there has been no ar
parent diminution of demand due
) tapering off in actual military con
: sumption. Building and construction
aluminum's major market, contir
t ues to grow. Air conditioning add
4 to demand for the metal and it ha
become the principal metal for us
S in store fronts and other CONNER
: cial buildings.
4 The automotive industry continue
: to increase its aluminium consuml
I ton per car. During 1854, about
/ lbs. of aluminium were used per Cal
J, as against 8 lbs. in 1945. Most true
/ trailers on the road today are mad
of aluminium and the trend
+ spreading to smaller units.
Ell Increasing amounts are being use
e in railroading providing lgh
# durable equipment and as air tr'
h vel increases, so does the aluminium
e sold for the aircraft industry.
l. Large amounts of the metal 60 i
e to irrigation pipelines that al
# doubling and TRIPPING the crop vie
a in all parts of the country. Tempo
n airy oil, gas and water lines of alur
Hungry Horse news. [volume] (Columbia Falls, Mont.) 1948-current, 1955-09-16

to q height Of Or 4 feet. WHEN ~
ing the compost h the eardon. -
not apply it in excessive amounts.
Too much organic matter IN tie ~
may cause it to dry out too RAPIDLY
and may also provide excessive nil
rogen. producing excessively lush
plants which are more susceptible
to disease.
Some advocate adding CONNER
cial fertilizer to the compost pile.
In Montana, the use of treble supef
phosphate or ammoniated phosphate
is suggested. This viii produce Z
mixture possibly better balanced 4
chemical nutrients than one with
out. Since many Of our soils aro
alkaline, the addition of lime to tho
compost pile is not recommended.
Hungry Horse news. [volume] (Columbia Falls, Mont.) 1948-current, 1955-09-16

Last year, more Than 40 million visits to the national
forests made by recreatonass from all states of the
Union for camping picnicking, fishing hunting swimming
skiing hiking riding and numerous other outdoor activities
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1955-09-16
By Barnett r. Brickner


most Arab leaders know, but for
reasons of Saving face" are not
yet prepared to acknowledge. Ultl-
mately, then, a Viable, durable
peace is inevitable.
Israel. still an infant state, will
need our nursing for many years
to come. 1t is remarkable how
much has already been accom-
plished with so little. Nothing like
it has ever been achieved in hist
ory. / believe Israel is destined to
grow into a community of two to
three million self-Sustaining Jews,
WHO will make their contribution
to Jewish life and to mankind.
ONE HUNDRED years fr m
now, I believe, there will be two
great Jewish centers in the world
America and Israel: America, pre-
dominantly a religious center, and
Israel, a sovereign nation with a
peculiar destiny which God alone
has in store for her, to be light
unto the nations - an or lagoylm,
Short of world war and Arab
Israeli war, both of which l do not
believe will come to pass, Amerl-
can Jewry will become more ho-
mogeneous. 1t will have the oppor-
tunity to look inward, to appraise
itself, and to realize that its future
will be that of religious commun-
ity. 1 say religious, and not theolo-
gical, advisedly, for traditionally
Judaism has always encompassed
the whole of life,
The vast number of synagogues,
temples, schools and community
centers being erected today are an
indication of this trend. In the
framework of religion. the j w
can express what is highest and
finest in his being and make his
greatest spiritual contribution to
America. This Jewish return to re-
,ligion comes at a time when there
is a resurgence of faith among all
free people, and I believe n
Jews will be in the vanguard OF
those leading humanity back to
God.
AND HERE / foresee out of the
Jewish melting pot new Amerl-
can Jew arising. In his veins runs
the blood of all the Jews who set
tied here - Spanish and English
and German and Dutch and Rus
sian and Polish. His children and
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1955-09-16
ZIONIST GROUPS
VOTE MERCER
AT CONFERENCE

JERUSALEM, (JTA) T h e
Mizrachi and Hapoel Hamizrachi
world movements were merged
here in the final decision of the
joint world conference of the two
religious Zionist movements.
The 200-odd delegates voted to
amalgamate all sections of the
movements and reelected a IL
members of the central commit
tees of each movement to a new
amalgamated central committee.
In addition, a six-man committee
was named to work out the techni-
cal aspects of the merger and to
make preparations for the next
conference of the merged group in
two years.
At that parley, members to the
new central committee will be
elected on a personal basis, rather
than as representatives of the
MiZrachi or Hapoel HamiZrachi
-O-
IsraeTs power needs double ev-
cry four years, compared to every
10 years in other nations.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1955-09-16

Jews now established here have
become self-supporting.
Secondly, the government, with
its vast program of social security,
'"from the cradle to the grave" is
easing the burden on private phil
anthropy.
In the third place, Europe has
become virtually judenrein; Hitler
and the war took care of that.
There remains only Israel and the
tragic plight of the 100000 Jews
in North Africa, many of whom
will eventually be resettled in Is
rael
DESPITE THE present tensions,
I believe the Arab world will come
to appreciate that the Jews are
peace-loving, not belligerent, and
that they are in Israel to stay, as
guaranteed under the UN Charter;
that they do not mean to expand
their present frontiers, nor will
they permit their contraction; that
they are a tremendous asset for
democracy and economic improve
ment: that Jews and Arabs are of
the same race; that Israel does not
want to be an island in an ARAB
sea. but integrated into the Near
East; in other words, that ARABS
and Jews need each other. Ihls
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1955-09-16

THE TERCENTENARY celebra-
ton which has occupied the atten-
ton of the American Jewish COM
munity throughout the past year IS
now over. 1t is only natural that
we should turn our thoughts to the
future and speculate on what lies
ahead for the Jewish community
in the next, the fourth century.
Now that the needs OF Jewish
life are changing, philanthropy
need not play so important a role.
The reasons are many.
First, immigration, the largest
single factor in our philanthropic
program, has virtually ceased.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1955-09-16
SobeI Deaths Mourned

NEW YORK, (JTA) = jewish
welfare and cultural organizations
mourned the tragic death of Louis
H. Sobel and his wife, Minna, who
perished in the disaster in Chesa-
peake Bay when hurricane Connie
wrecked the pleasure schooner Le-
vim J. Marvel on which they were
spending their vacation. Sobel was
executive director of the Jewish
Child Care Association of New
York since 1947.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1955-09-16

AS FOR ANTI-SENIITISM, I pre-
dict that it will abate in this coun-
try. 1t may never disappear, be-
cause Illustration, jealousy, suspi-
cion. the dislike of the different
are all part of human nature. Hap
PLY, the climate of American pub
lie opinion is such that it will not
tolerate open and overt anti-Semi-
tism. Anti-Semitism is social can
Ger that devitaliZeS and destroys
the body polite that harbors it..
AS for social discrimination, an
emotionally secure Jew can ignore
it.
Now final word about assimila-
ton and intermarriage. l believe
that both are on the increase, and
yet not enough to be alarming or
to threaten our survival. These are
the inevitable consequences of liv-
ing in a free land where our child
rem nlingle with those of other
faiths. 1 believe, however, that,
with more intensive Jewish educa-
ton and better home and syna-
gogue influence, intermarriage will
not increase appreciably.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1955-09-16

JACOB X. JAVITS, attorney
general of New York, this week
urged an expansion of the Jewish
Community Center movement in
America as an answer to juvenile
delinquency. "When unhappy,
angry children strike out blind
ly against society,"" said Javits,
"the active role of good recrea-
tiOnal facilities and planned lei
sure-time activities can be most
helpful"
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1955-09-16
HUG Gets Scripts

NEW YORK, (JTA) = The $500
original manuscripts of David No
wakowslzy, 10th century composer
of synagogue music, have been
presented to the School of Sacred
Music of the Hebrew Union Col
lege-Jewish Institute of Religion,
DR.. Nelson Glueck, president of
HUC-JIR. announced here.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1955-09-16
Pact with Israel Asked

CHICAGO, (JTA) - The conclu-
sion of an American-Israel mutual
security pact to further peace and
progress in the Near East was
urged in statement adopted by
the executive council of the Ameri-
can Federation of Labor, which
just concluded its session here.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1955-09-16
Church-Sta+e Probe Due

WASHINGTON, (JTA) - Hear
ings on constitutional rights viii
be begun by a Senate subcommit-
tee Oct. 8 when the unit starts
taking testimony on freedom of re-
ligion and separation of church and
state, Sen. Thomas c. Hennings,
Jr., of Missouri, has announced.
The Lincoln times., 1955-03-31

least until next winter. Nothing
could be further from the truth"
KoontZ continued.
Increased exposure from now
through the summer months will
offset the advantages of more fa-
vorable highway conditions,
Koontz observed. Avoiding acci-
dents will call for the utmost vigil
ance on the part of every driver
and h e exercise of defensive
driving.
Driving ahead of yourself or
defensive driving means driving
with a view to constantly sizing
up the traffic situation and oper-
ating so as to avoid emergency sit
uations. 1t means recognizing and
guarding against the mistakes that
may be made by other drivers and
by pedestrians. 1t is the key to ac-
cident-free driving in all seasons,
Koontz concluded.
The Lincoln times., 1955-03-31
Watch For Spring Hazards On
The Highways. Drive Carefully

CHARLOTTE Special "AS
the weather gets better, more and
more traffic will be on the roads, :"
explained Ebert B. Koontz, the
North Carolina Driver of the
Year.
Mr.. Koontz, a Longtime profess
Sional driver for Central Motor
Lines, was here today in reference
to the trucking industrys current
Courtesy and Safety Campaign,
Spring Hazards"
During the winter, people avoid
using their cars as much as pos
sible. Those drivers who are on
the road during the winter tend
to be those with more experience
and who are, therefore, in most
cases, better able to handle their
cars under adverse conditions. AS
the weather improves, drivers with
less experience will take heart and
!. wrongly think that driving will be
Da snap from here on out, or at
The Lincoln times., 1955-03-31

emption on building materials
($6 100000; Q5) repeal present
small sales tax on manufacturing
machinery and farm equipment,
and levy pct. sales tax on parts
and accessories ($4,000,000); Q6)
levy l pct. sales tax on fertilizer,
seeds, feeds, and insecticides (S4,-
coo ,000; and QO levy 1I2 of l
pct. tax on real estate transfers
(S3, 100000.
EDUCATION
One of the most important bills
of this General Assembly was
passed in the Senate on Thurs
day and sent to the House, where
it was Immediately placed on the
calendar. This bill would place in
the hands of city and county
boards of education full RESPONSE
bility and authority over enroll
ment and assignment of children
in public schools and on school
buses. The omnibus education BILL
which appoints education board
members for 94 counties, passed
| the House. The House Education
committee reported favorably
committee substitute for the bill
creating a State Board of Higher
Education. In addition to minor
changes in the original bill. the
substitute provides that the Board
of Higher Education will be vested
with all higher education powers
and functions now in the State
Board of Education, except for
necessary collaboration between
the State Board of Education and
institutions of higher education in
teacher training and certification.
MOTOR VEHICLES
The House on Tuesday debated,
amended. and then defeated the
anti-whammy bill by "a to 35
vote. Also killed during the week
were bills to give legislators spe-
cial license plates: to provide for
different colored drivers licenses
to indicate driving records; to
make nolo contendere pleas equiv
alent to pleas of guilty for license
suspension purposes; and to es-
tablish presumptions of sobriety
and intoxication based on chemi-
cal tests. A new Senate bill would
raise the personal injury limits
under the required financial re-
sponsibility coverage from $4,000
and $4,000 to $4,000 and $40
900.
FAMILY LAW
Children and married women,
favorite subjects of legislation, re-
ceived considerable attention this
week. A bill was introduced to &C
celerate determination of nom
support cases by requiring that
they be given priority on court
dockets. Another introduction
would change the divorce statutes
to provide that prior alimony
award will terminate if the wife
subsequently receives an absolute
divorce on any grounds other than
the adultery of the husband. A
bill providing ha t an alimony
JUDGMENT calling for future in
staflments (as opposed to lump
sum payment) does not create
lien against the husbands realty
upon docketing was defeated in
the House. as was measure au-
thorizing the State Board of Pub
lie Welfare to license day care
facilities providing custodial care
for children. A new bill would al
low the defendant in bastardy
action to appeal an adverse de-
termination Of paternity even
though he was acquitted of nom
support.
The Lincoln times., 1955-03-31
WHAT ThE1 KE DOING
Legislative Summary From Raleigh


'NOIt: Inns IS the eleVenth ol
d series ol weekly summaries pre-
pared py tile ieslsiatlSe staii VI
tiie INSTITUTE VI GoVeiiiillell. vi
-. s ,ore =. -
confined to discussions of matters
of general interest and major i'm
portanceD
e.
Spring arrived this past week
and talk of adjournment was
heard in the House. LEGISLATORS dc
not seriously contemplate getting
away from Raleigh for several
more weeks at best. but with en-
couraging revenue estimates. and
and APPROXIMATIONS subcommittee
hard at work there is room for
optimism. A party given on Tues
dsy by legislative EMPLOYEES for
members of the General Assembly
was the social event of the week
Past events were recalled by sew
raj introductions this week. A bill
to legalize cap pistol CAPS. beaten
down in previous legislatures as a
foot-in-the-door attempt to break
down the fireworks ban. passed
the Senate.
r.xrS r.xrS
Inc Dig news oI tIle week was
goou news potii 10 taxpayers anu
10 nara pressed iesisiatois. Esti, !,
Hla0es Vi revenues ioi 'i!s ilecai
year ana tne 10000 oieliiiiulIi
We're poosteo almost Slo n,llloll'
using TINS eStlmate' leeiSiaUorS
could reduce new TAX neeos from
So1 million 10 S5' mlihoh. On
Friday afternoon. at a speciai
meeting OF tne FINANCE commit
tees Rep. Rooman n q Sem,
"oooson presented hst vi -
proposals wnlcn Wouio orlhs III an
estimated S39'94S,ooU III ne" reVe-
nue. Tor the next oiennium. omit
ted from TINS hSt were tne coiltro-
versial tobacco ana solt drink
taxes recommended py tlle Gover.
nor an d the ADVISORY buoget
Commission. members were urged
TO take the hst WIN tliein, ciieck
with the 1olks pacK nome over tiie
week END, ana come PACK ready 10
decide on specl1lc ltems. lMr,
Rodman suggested looking TOWARD
May ISL as tne oate ol sine iie
adjournmento l1he 1uli hst, WIN
estimated new revenues lrom eacii
for the nlnennlum. is as ioilows' @ W.
49, ~ re~r,,e Saies au tSe San and a.
delete delete W present conflicts and in
equities (s6,0Oooo0); ca retain
present SIS soft drink dispenser