davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-07-08
Federal State Relations
Indicative of the general tenor

lnQlcaClVe OF the general tenor OF the
report Of the Commission on Intergov-
ernmental Relations is the groups an
nounced belief that the fundamental
objective of our system of government
should be to keep Capitalization to a
minimum and State-local responsibility
to maximum" Taking note of wide
spread concern over increased centrali-
zation of governmental authority in re-
cent years, the commission has sought
to point way for arresting the trend
and strengthening government at the
State, county and municipal levels. It's
report is a well-balanced document, rep
resenting views of majority of the
25-n1an, bipartisan commission, headed
by Meyer Kestnbaum, Chicago clothing
manufacturer.
The commission found that too
much Federal aid to the States and
local communities is apt to weaken
local responsibility and initiative This
deterioration makes it difficult to effect
proper separation of Federal and local
powers, for some of the States and cities
are unable to assume what the commits
sion regards as their rightful obligations
to the citizens. The commission stressed
that the main burden of strengthening
local government rests on the States and
local communities But the Federal Gov
ernment can help by taking care not to
encroach on State domain and respon-
Sibilities.
OF special interest to the Washington
Metropolitan Area was the commissions
comments on tax losses resulting from
Federal expansion and on interjurisdic-
tional problems in large metropolitan
areas. With regard to the Federal impact
on local tax-producing sources, the re-
port urged adoption of broad national
policy to assure payments in lieu of taxes
on Government real estate. Said the
commission: present tax immunities of
Federal properties have weakened many
local governments. !. !. Equity as between
Federal and local taxpayers requires the
National Government to make appropri-
ate payments. These should be based
largely on the property tax system, which
Is the main source of local revenue"
InterjuriSdictional planning of the type
that has been undertaken here was ad-
vocated for all growing urban centers.
The commissions inch-thick report
covers multitude Of issues arising from
intergovernmental relationships. It will
be read with profit by administrators and
legislators at all levels of government.
Evening star., 1955-07-08
Patriotism Dead?
on the most importa

On the most important day
Of our country-Ind independence
Day--only three American flags
were displayed in the block on
which I live, and this was not
due to people being out Of town.
The same was true on Flag
Day. ! walked on several other
streets and saw no flags at all.
Is patriotism dead in the
American people, or have we
become Indifferent to the won-
derful privilege of being Ameri-
cans and free?
Each time turn on my tele-
vision to watch a ball game, I
get a thrill when I hear the
national anthem and see the
flag, and when a breeze unfurls
its folds and all the stars and
stripes can be seen, to me it
seems to proclaim to all the
world our precious heritage of
freedom.
I think every American citi-
zen should own a flag and dis
play 1t on national holidays.
Mrs. A. M. Black.
Evening star., 1955-07-08
VISTASs IN SCIENCE
By THOkASR. HENRY
Remarkable New Antibiotic

In the little more than q
decade since the introduction
Of penicillin, antibiotics have
become legion. They are Sc
cretions of moulds and bac-
terra which kin or prevent the
increase Of disease germs.
Most have their Individual
advantages and drawbacks.
The soils Of the worid-most
Of them come from soil-dwell-
ing organisms - have been
sifted for new varieties. One Of
the more remarkable to date
has just been announced
through the British Association
for the Advancement Of Science
by DR.. A. T. Fuller of the Ma
tional Institute for Medical
Research.
It is derived from a bacillus
found in the soil of East AZ
rica. This white crystalline
solid. which turns yellow on
exposure to air and is sparingly
soluble In water. Is effective
against the staphlycoccus.
generally immune to several
others Of the family, in dilu-
tions Of one to 20 million. It
Is effective against the strep-
tococcus family in dilutions
of one to 18 million.
Effective Against Infections
Tested with mice it proved
completely nontoxic and was
highly effective against strep-
tococcic blood infections when
given in intraperitoneal in
jections. An injection given
five hours after infection gave
complete protection against
1000 times the lethal dose of
streptococci.
Simultaneous inje c tion S
given daily for several days
saved so per cent of the ami
mails with the same Infection
of deadly organisms.
Tests have not yet been
carried out with humans but
large quantities of the mate
rial now are being prepared.
y \ 4 Il
An Eskimo hunter suddenly
Evening star., 1955-07-08
Where to Put the Bridge
(See editorial: "Up to Roose.
Delt Associdtion.")

(See editorial: "Up to Roose.
Delt Associdtion.")
Now that it is no longer q
question as to whether or not
q bridge is to be built, there
remains for consideration only
the question as to where it is
to be built. Apparently, the
Theodore Roosevelt Memorial
Association may choose be
tween two evils (evils from its
viewpoint). It has the op-
portunity of deciding whether
a bridge across South Island,
or one between the island
and Memorial Bridge, as
now authorized. would the more
seriously mar the vista from
and toward the island. If the
former is less Objectionable to
the association than is the lat
ter, and if Senator Case is so
informed during the few days
Of grace before Congress ad-
journs, there seems to be little
doubt that the change would
be approved.
A. G. Murray.
Evening star., 1955-07-08

was confronted with . giant.
white phantom which danced
before him on the snow.
Terrified, he fired over and
over again. The phantom In
woman form only danced more
vigorously. The hunter drew
his knife and stabbed the
phantom again and again. Ff-
nally she collapsed. He picked
up pieces of her skin, which
during the next few weeks
were shown at every native
camp on Aivilik Island as re-
mains of Summa, fiendish mis-
tress of the neither world.
The phantom was q radio
sonde balloon sent up from
some Alaskan weather station.
Thus the religion Of their
ancestors persists among the
Avilik Indians. according to
the report Of DR.. Edward S.
Carpenter Of the University of
Toronto. just published by the
University of Alaska.
ALI the people have become
Christians. but the dreaded
Summa still walks among them
and frequently is seen. She
takes all sorts of forms, among
them blinker lights set up by
the Air Force. One hunter re-
Gently harnessed his dog team
and made a special trip Of
many miles to shoot out one
of these threatening lights.
Most feared of all is Summa,
protectress Of all sea animals
and guardian of the souls Of
the dead. She is pictured as
a cyclopean creature, usually
blue-green in color. but who
can take almost any form.
Her realm is pictured as at
the bottom Of the sea, where
she dwells with her husband.
a huge, hairless dog.
Before the introduction Of
Christianity, DR.. Carpenter re-
ports. Summa presumably was
more or less a benevolent spir-
it. Now she has been identi-
fled with Satan and her realm,
guarded by her dog-husband.
with Hell.
Evening star., 1955-07-08

Just about the time Temple
ton Jones despairs of the
teen-age girls. they do some
thing that restores them to his
esteem.
The gifts of God to man
have gone in for the crino-
line, all of a sudden. Or is it
crinoline?
Their skirts are full, very
full. and stand out pleasant
ly at all angles.
It is an old fashion, but one
which the modern miss has
determined, evidently, not to
let die forever.
So it appears again on our
streets, and on streets all over
the Nation, in pink, blue, yel-
low, white, red and all the
other colors.
Buckram does II.
II you are a very young
young lady, you wear a petit
coat Of this stiff material,
which makes the outer skirt
stand out like anything.
Don't use the word dirndl,
though.
It dates you. according to an
informant.
Just say full skirt, If that's
what you want.
The clerk will know, because
she sells so many of them.
Older women, we are in
formed. should not wear
them.
Too young looking for 'em.
or something.
Still, some of the ladies look
very well, just the same, and
here's to you.
Fashion Is a wonderful
thing.
Especially ladies' fashions.
This fashion. mostly written
Fashion, has a way of bringing
back the good in the old, so
that if a man lives long
enough he will almost see
everything. and no joking.
There is this nightgown
fashion for street wear, be-
loved of the women of the
East.
In recent years many of
these long skirts have ap-
peared on Washington streets.
Aside from the dubious sani-
tation Of dragging a skirt along
the sidewalk, in the street and
Evening star., 1955-07-08
Quiet Roots

A forest tree nldy rise to no
BILE height,
Its splendor seem to brush
against the sky,
While underground its roots
and source of might :.
In qnietude and deep Sc
clusion lie.
The tree, though tossed by
mind, aintdins its
stand,
Though plagued By drouth,
its foliage scarcely fades
Because its roots are anchored
in the land
And Dttal roots are eper-
faithful aids.
The trees majestic rise, its
ample spread,
Its trunk and boughs. en-
pGndinO, firmly sound,
Are borne, protected, lifted
up and fed
By modest roots eristing un-
der0round.
The tree proclGims Its ,oealth
IN icords of green,
Its source OF pedlth Is iDord-
less. drab. unseen.
Florence Pedigo Jonsson. !
Evening star., 1955-07-08
I I II J! J! !! Il

Loud shrieks rend the hot and
humid air. Seize the transit company!
It says it cannot meet the strikers de-
mands! Seize it! Let the Commis-
sioners run it! Impound the dividends!
Let the public meet the strikers de-
mands, then pay the stockholders!
Who's afraid of the big, bad Wolfson!
Lord, what fools we mortals be!
Evening star., 1955-07-08

dividends Of Capital Transit
were less than reasonable, 1t
would be q dangerous prece-
dent to accede to such de-
mands. For then there would
be no reason why the gas COM
pany could not demand excess
sive rates under the threat
that it will withdraw the use
Of gas from the public; there
would be no reason why the
telephone company could not
make similar demands under a
threat Of depriving the entire
area of the means of telephone
communication, and there
would be no reason why the
electric company could not
make q similar demand under
a threat that by pulling a
switch it would stop the en-
tire business Of government.
industry and commerce in the
Nations Capital.
The solution lies not in ac-
ceding to the demands Of CTC,
but, as ! pointed out In my
previous letter, ''in ID eco
nornical operation, ca i'm
provement in service, and CD
reduction in rates" The in
genuity Of man has not been
exhausted. CTC can be re-
quired Immediately to operate
the transportation system for
the benefit of the public with
out the necessity of seizing
the company's property, or of
terminating the company's
franchise.
Gregory Hankin,
Former Member, Public Util-
tiles Commission.
\ 4 4 y
For days, including one of
the most important days Of
this country's history, resi-
dents of this Nations Capital
have been obliged to beg,
borrow or steal rides. in order
to gain their recreation and
prosecute their business.
During this time, Mr.. Wolf
son has been too busy to in
terest himself in their affairs.
We are all acutely aware
that he does not depend upon
Capital Transit to convey him
to either his recreation or
place Of business. In point of
fact, he is Capital Transit and.
as q leader Of such an organ
ization, has lived well upon
his dividends.
I appreciate that in the
realm of business and finance
Mr.. Wolfson is my superior.
This I acknowledge to be true,
yet I feel that though he
has learned all the rules, he
has not yet learned to play
the game"
It is not my intention to
set myself as either arbitrator
or judge of the dispute be-
tween transit workers and
management, but I do insist
that whatever be the dispute,
it is Mr.. Wolfson's duty to be
in the midst of it all.
If he cannot do so, I suggest
that he resign as chairman
of the transit board and
allow them to elect a chair
man who has already learned
the motto Of Service Before
Self"
c. nj. Davids.
Evening star., 1955-07-08

ment ever since 1899. 1t is in
Canada, however, that tele-
phones are most frequently
used. Canadians made an av-
erage Of All calls per person
in 1858, compared with 385 for
the United States. and 309 for
Sweuen.
@. For how many years ooes
a motion picture usually make
the rounds of the theatersr
--E. T.
A. The time is variable
While, in 1854, q Hollywoou
film usually completed i5
playing dates in the United
States in 10 months. the same
picture might take from 3 tn
5 years to finish all its dates
on the world market. Ole
films, too, are often revived.
@. Why are some brands Of
margarine quite cheap while
others are much more expen-
sive?-B. T. s.
A. The National Association
of Margarine Manufacturers
says that the cost of different
brands is determined by the
amount spent on advertising,
promotion, marketing and re-
search by the individual manu-
facturers.
@. When did mechanization
Of farms begin?--E. D. w.
A. More than a century ago.
A patent for q moving ma
chine was granted In 1881, for
a reaper in 1888. The thresh-
ing machine appeared In 1850.
seed drills In 1870, and corn
planters and cultivators shollt.
ly thereafter. -
Evening star., 1955-07-08

viii have to be given proposals for new
tax reductions next year.
In any case, If statutory debt limit
Is to have any real meaning way must
be found to live within it-and not by
pushing it up temporarily" every year.
It is not too early for both the executive
and legislative branches to be working
out plans to avoid this annual emergency.
Evening star., 1955-07-08
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used u
letters carry tpriters' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
Sdtion.
Evening star., 1955-07-08

@. Is there any possibility
that the Great Lakes will be
contaminated as a result of
the Seaway construction. and
fish life endangered?-K. Mem.
A. No. Lake Superior, at
the headwaters Of the Great
Lakes basin, is 600 feet above
the Atlantic Ocean. Conse-
quently, the water runs east
ward from the lakes area into
the mouth Of the st. Law
renee River, and there is no
prospect whatever of salt
water communicating the fresh
water Of the Great Lakes.
@. In Western stories or
movies when the sheriff goes
after a criminal he rides at the
head of a posse. Why posse?
j. NICK.
A. "P Posse"--a Latin word
meaning ito be able" ito have
power" - happens to be the
opening word of an old legal
formula which gave a marshal
or sheriff authority to gather
together a group Of citizens to
help him in catching Grim
inals. In England, In early
days, posse comitatus was a
body of men in the county
whom the sheriff could sum-
mon to put down riots land
help him in other emer-
gencies.
@. What countries are next
to the United States in owner
ship Of telephones in relation
to population?-H. 2.
A. Sweden comes second
and Canada, third. Sweden
has ranked next to the United
States in telephone Develop
Evening star., 1955-07-08
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE

III. yes esaas' sian an M an an u Sges xPs
D
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-02-15
Soils and Crops
Treat Seed.
Plant Early
By RALPH MERCER

winter weather. From the talk l have
heard as have met with producers
in the state, most of them would vel
come some snow. Not that they enjoy
it so much and surely it would result
in a lot more feeding of livestock, but
just because a lot of folks realize that
in several areas of Montana it is pretty
dry and they would like to know that
precipitation in some form can fall
again.
That's what lot of folks are think
ing, but whether it SHOWS or not before
spring, the results we have in 1855 will
depend, for the dryland crop and range
areas, on how much and when rain
falls between spring and fall.
Crops will be planted when the sea-
son arrives and from now until then
there are many things to be done.
There's seed to clean and treat, ma
chinery to overhaul and, above all,
plans for the acres that are ready but
upon which wheat cannot be seeded
in 1855.
More Winter Wheat
From all reports it would appear
that more than a normal acreage of
winter wheat was sown in the fall of
1854 for 1855 harvest This means that
if all comes through the winter and
early spring, the spring wheat seeding
will be somewhat smaller than normal
in comparison with the usual winter
wheat acreage.
Even with normal abandonment of
the winter wheat acreage, it will be
very important to make the right de-
ciSion as to whether to let a stand 90.
or whether to replace it with spring
wheat. Unless the stand has completely
killed out, it is sometimes the best
policy to give it a chance to recover.
There have been recoveries sufficient
to make fair stand, stool well and
make much better crop than a late
seeded spring crop. In most years
winter wheat fields are torn I'D before
heir time value has been determined.
Of course, where disease or killing for
me reason or another is apparent.
hats little different.
Watch Out for Rust
And speaking of things that can hap
en-, the producers in the eastern part
t the state are aware, I am sure. of
he possibility of another epidemic of
'em rust. Everyone hopes that it
ont hit again, or if it does, it won't
as severe as it has been in other
-eas.
1t is possible that if we could have a
'rmal season seeding period in the
rider counties in 1855 we might get
pay from some of the damage. For
past two years when rust has hit
crops IN the areas where the in
station was the greatest, the crops
We been two to three weeks late. It
therefore important that, weather
crops should be seeded as
Sc TO the normal seeding date for
area as possible. Also, to give the
dllngs all the protection possible,
seed should be cleaned and treated.
Rust Resistance
S none of the present varieties of
ing wheat we have are immune to
rust, these factors of early seeding
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-12-23
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
BY GRETCHEN G. BILLINGS

Do any of you recall Martin Little
ton who broadcast over Montana radio
stations during the last political cam
paign, for Wesley D'Ewart? If you
think for a moment | am sure you
will remember.
However, if you don't remember
at the moment, your memory will no
doubt be refreshed shortly, because it
looks as if he will be back in Montana
on TV.
Midland Empire Republicans are
getting up a kitty to bring his words
into the political melee.
But of course it isn't going to be
called politics." in fact it is going
to be called 'non-political American
ISM"
We will be given to understand
that Mr.. Littleton would be happy
to do this patriotic service for Mon
tana citizens without fee, but at
the same time the kitty is well short,
at the moment, of being able to meet
his expenses.
Montana will be favored with Lit
Teton through Influence and per-
sonal friendship" with G. L. Crist,
representative from Vel
lowstone county in the state legisla-
ture and owner of KOOK-TV, Bill
lings.
We would understand how lucky
we are because Mr.. Ettleton usually
gets $1,000 week, but interested
Montana citizens are going to con-
tribute enough money (some as much
as $25-$50 a monthly to contribute
500 a week toward his personal ex-
penses.
Contributors must understand there
S "no selfish interest in this other
han the protection of our Demo
cratic way of life which is now be-
ng jeopardized through the infiltra-
ion of socialistic personal interests
md that they 6. are interested
merely in conveying the truth so that
We may all continue our free and
way of life"
And though Mr.. Littleton would
york for nothing, unless funds are
in the immediate future,
he series of telecasts will have to be
1t will be difficult to view these
non-political' broadcasts in "non-
,olitical" atmosphere, am sure, by
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-12-23
FARM EMPLOYERS MUST
FILE S. S. FORMS
BEFORE JANUARY |, 1856

/ District Director of Internal Reeve
nue. Thomas M. Robinson has issued
the following statement to remind
employers that social security taxes
apply to cash wages during the year
1866. The taxes e per cent employer
tax and per cent employee taxi APP
ply only to cash wages paid to covered
farm workers.
Every farm employer who owes
these taxes must file a return on
Form 943, and pay the taxes, on or
before January 81, 1856. Farm en-
ployers should file their returns on
time in order to avoid the penalty
which may be charged for late filing.
Any employer of covered farm work
ers who has not already registered
with the district directors office
should do so at once. The registration
Form .SS=4- can be obtained from any
Internal Revenue or Social Security
office The district director will mail
the necessary return forms and in
structions to all registered employers.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-12-23
PREDICTION DEPRESSION INSURANCE?

Three weeks the Administration told the American
pie that would steadfasty hold the line against anything
than S345 billion being spent the military in the
ing fiscal year
Two weeks ago the Administration, with feigned air of
told the American public the military budget would
have to be increased by billion dollars for the coming
Last week. the Administration, surprise move,
nounced would five instead of 27 billion dollars
of the Congress for foreign aid Of the additional 23 billions
all $500 million would be used to shore the military
installations of foreign recipients of American generosity
All this additional emphasis increased military
ton said the because of detero
rating world conditions because the cold is
becoming hotter again
But is that it, the danger of slackening in
the months Immediately preceding the 1856 general election
the real for Administration anxiety?
u. S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT (Dec. 81 in stating its
harder keep the rolling notes that car inventories
pilng farmers incomes slipping fewer homes
being built as straws in the wind that indicate slow
ing of the economic boom by midsummer 1856
Translated into political terms the following week (Dec
16) THE NEWS published the results of poll had just
peed taking the farm belt states and up its finding
Republicans real trouble with the farmer There enough
electoral votes the socaed farm belt states to swing the
next election to the Democrats.
An increased military budget help to keep city pu
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-12-23

go, of course, but keeping their ticket
clean.
In the race for 1t. Governor the
name mentioned most often is that
of Barclay Craighead, former Unem-
ployment Compensation director.
For Attorney General it seems GER
tain at this point the Democrat side
of the ballot will show Forrest An
derson. | saw Don Nutter in Helena
the other day and asked him if |
could tell you he was candidate
for Attorney General and he said he
hadn't decided yet. Nutter has been
Republican State Senator from Rich
land county several sessions now.
Willard Fraser has said he will run
against State Senator Leroy Ander-
son for the congressional seat held
by Flare.
While we are thinking about the
higher elective offices we must not
forget there are some other import
ant sats to be filled including state
legislature.