davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29

West Germany has waived the
right to produce atomic, chem
ical or biological weapons. She
can produce guided missiles.
strategic bombers, warships of
more than 5000 tons displace-
ment and submarines of more
than $50 tons displacement only
with the approval of two-thirds
of the WEU members.
The West German government
has formally pledged to refrain,
after rearming, from any &C
ton inconsistent with the strict
ly defensive character" of the
NATO and WEU treaties.
Specifically, West Germany
pledges never to have recourse
to force to achieve the reunifi-
cation of Germany or the modi-
f1cation of the present boun-
diaries of the (west) German
Federal Republic and to resolve
by peaceful means any disputes
which may arise between the
Federal Republic and other
states"
In turn, the North Atlantic
powers have declared that
peace settlement for all Ger
many remains an essential aim
of their policy"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29

Events of the past few days
have made a meeting between
Secretary of State Dulles and
Red China's Premier Chou
En-lai highly probable in the
not-far-distant future. Such
a meeting was made possible
less by the proposal made at
Banding by Mr.. Chou than
by the imminence of a Red
attack on the offshore is
lands in the Formosa Straits.
United States officials are we'll
aware of the Red build-up
there and have no doubt of
their intentions.
Any conference at this time
with the Peiping Reds will, of
course, go far to enhance
Communist prestige in Asia
and in the rest of the world
as well. The Communists, I'M
der the usual Moscow direc-
ton. have left no stone
unturned to place the blame
for any fighting in the Far
East on the United States.
The Korea example set the
pace for all the Red efforts,
by no means failures in many
parts of the world, to distort
the facts so completely that
aggression becomes defense,
and the defender becomes the
attacker.
Thus, in 1851, the Chinese
Communists sent their repre-
sentative Gen. WI Shiu-chung
to New York to present Red
China's concocted case to the
United Nations. The general
blandly charged the United
States with the invasion and
physical occupation of China's
territory in Formosa. At that
time all the American forces
in Formosa consisted of a
military aid mission of fewer
than 100 members serving as
technical advisers.
Again, three years later, the
late Andrea Vishinsky, Soviet
representative at the United
Nations, declared that the
tense situation in the Far East
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29
DORIS FLEESON
Grass Roots Hasn't Forgotten the Senator
Who Knows the Value of a Hondshoke

The remarkable showing of
Senator Kefauver of Tennes-
see in DR.. Gallup's recent
presidential polls has served
to remind Democrats that in
any free and open convention
next year they will have to
take Senator Kefauver into
account.
Senator Kefauver will not
run against Adlai Stevenson
for the nomination. If for any
reason Mr.. Stevenson bows
out or falls far behind in pre-
nomination skirmishing, Sem
ator Kefauver will fight for
his own right to lead the
ticket.
Meanwhile he is holding
himself available but is doing
nothing to create an organiza-
ton or raise campaign funds.
Only recently was he able to
stop the lectures and appear
ances at Embarrassing affairs
by which he paid off his 1852
primary campaign debts.
The new polls which caught
Washington by surprise
showed Senator Kefauver run
ming almost as we'll against
President Eisenhower as Mr..
Stevenson and leading Vice
President Nixon, should Ike re-
tire and Mr.. Nixon head the
COP. slate, at the post.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29
Kefouver Still Has Voter Strenoth

followed up TV with the old
fashioned handshake. It's hard
work and it takes time but the
people seem to like-and re-
member-it.
Certainly there has been
little lately to attract atten-
ton to Senator Kefauver. He
is more diligent in the Senate,
thus meeting old complaints
of his colleagues, but he has
done nothing spectacular.
Still the steady stream of mail
comes in and it is answered.
Walter Reuther of the
United Automobile Workers
is among the labor leaders who
concede that the labor rank
and file probably prefers Sena-
tor Kefauver to Mr.. Steven
son. Mr.. Reuther believes the
leaders will plug for Mr.. Ste
venson again as in 1852.
One Democrat beating the.
drums for Mr.. Stevenson these
days-and showing marked
attention to a potential Ke-
fauver rival. Gov. Clement of
Tennessee-is Harry S. Tru-
man. Mr.. Truman, who has
never forgiven Senator Ke-
fauver the crime hearings, can
hear the grass roots without
even bending over. He may
perceive that Senator Kefau-
yer has a political strength
Washington is slow to recog-
nize.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29
Moscow-Peiping Agonizing Reopproisoi
Leads to Abandoning Conquest by Force

1t is possible, as Secretary
Dulles suggested in his Tues
day press conference, that
Chou En-lai's peaceful over
lures in Banding were inf1u-
enced by the opposition of the
nations present to direct or
indirect aggression. But it is
more likely that Chou En-lai
knew in advance of the confer
ence that it would express it.
self against the use of force to
obtain detectives in Formosa
or anywhere else.
I think rather, from many
clues, that Red China, the So
Wet Union, and, of course, the
satellites have, after a reap
praisal of the international sit
uation, and in full realization
of Americas position of
strength" embarked deliber-
ately upon a new course, and
that, in the perspective of this
course, Chou's visit to Banding
accomplished precisely what it
was intended to do.
1t would appear that the
Communist bloc has abandoned
the policy of seeking to ex-
tend its power by new con-
quests and new military al
liances. In fact it is prepared
to retreat in some areas, as it
has retreated in Austria.
Correctly gauging the Senti-
ment of that part of the world
that is not firmly committed to
either side of the cold war, it's
new objective is to weaken the
existing military alliances of
the West and check their ex-
tension, by every encourage
ment to neutral nations, by
toning down the theological is
sue. by stressing the principle
Of "noninterference," by des-
ignating regional alliances as
aggressive" by recognizing
national self-interests. end by
using the good Offices Of nsu-
trails and even of sune OF the
more loosely committed allies
Of the West, such rs PAX lstan,
to influence negotiations in ue-
half of IRE aXing tensions"
The to 81 eat coLlluuliistic
states are governed by real
lists. However thy may eek
to deceive the rest Of the
world. they dc rot deceive
themselves. Trev know that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29
DAVID LAWRENCE
Nehru's Brand of CoIoniojism

cause India boasts of her de-
sire to adopt peaceful meth
DDS, and the government here
is assuming that, when all the
chips are down, there will be
no attempt to take Goa by
force.
Nehru of India talks a great
deal about "colonialism" but,
in seeking to annex Goa, he
is proposing to add to India a
territory inhabited by an en-
tirely different race of people
with a totally different culture
and to force it to amalgamate
with system of life not of
its own choosing.
Relatively little has been
heard about all this in Amer
lea. There are, for instance.
no speeches being made in
New York or Washington adj
vocating the admission of
Portugal into the United Ma
tons, though the government
here is in supreme control of
all its territory on the main
land as well as all it's offshore
islands. Also, Portugal honors
its international obligations.
Maybe because this is
an anti-Communist country
which has never recognized
the Soviet government in
Moscow, it cannot get into the
United Nations. The Soviet
has regularly vetoed the adj
mission of Portugal as we'll as
of Spain.
So far as America is con-
cerned, Portugal is an in
valuable ally. She recently has
made it possible to have
erected here a powerful radio
transmitter of Radio Free Eu-
rope which penetrates the
Iron Curtain countries very eff
fectively. Portugal has played
ball with Britain and the
United States and has de-
manded nothing in return.
Certainly the free world can
not stand by and see her ter
ritory stolen from her by any
aggressor, particularly the gov
eminent of Nehru.
Reproduction Rights Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29
Cards Ask Pupils
To Come to School

Five-year-olds in Vereeniging
South Africa, are being invited
to come to school. Youngsters
who have been enrolled as pupils
Of the Selborne School for the
new term have received personal
cards from their future teacher
inviting them to attend on
opening day.
The cards read: Dear =.
Please come to school on the day
the new term opens. The school
starts at 8 o'clock and closes
again at 1915 pm"
A mother commented: 1.-The
invitation makes the children
feel that they will be welcome
in their first school, and they are
looking forward to meeting the
teacher who has such kind
thoughts"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29

communism as an export prod
uct has exhausted its market,
certainly in Europe and. for
the time being, in Asia. They
also know that even their
existing political and military
alliances are a drain and
burden on their economic re-
sources.
The Soviet Union and Red
China do not, like the United
States, have the problem of
disposing of huge SURPRISES.
Their problem is insufficiency
of capital goods, consumers
goods, and food. Communist
revolutions do not increase
production for the benefit of
Moscow, but instead make
heavy material demands upon
the economically most ad-
vanced Communist power.
This is statistically demon
strated in the most recent re-
port by the chairman of Po-
lands economic Planning
Commission. Polish heavy in
duStry lives off Russia.
The Communist problem,
then, is how to retreat or stay
put without having the United
States move into abandoned
or still uncommitted positions.
Chou's mission at Banding
was not, therefore, to win sup
port for "liberating" Formosa.
1t was to assuage apprehen-
sion, cultivate neutral senti-
ment, and promote peaceful
co-existence," even with Asian
nations presently allied with
the United States. And he sue
ceeded brilliantly.
The Moscow-Peiping new
course is, ] believe, to create
a girdle of neutral buffer
states from Scandinavia, over
Germany, Austria. and Yugo-
slavia to the Mediterranean
and then via the Near and
Middle East to reach the
Asian neutlals and Japan.
It is a plan that has far great
er likelihood of success than
ally attempt to extend TIE
Communist bloc voulu have,
because it HIS partisans every
where Tho by no stretch OF
imagination can be called
Communist. In short they an
tlCipate cont lining the United
Stairs. not b. a ring of Com
mnniSt states, but by a ring Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29

ony. 1t is an integral part of
the Republic of Portugal. just
as much as Alaska is a part of
the United States.
The Communists have kept
up a steady needing of Nehru
at New Delhi on the Goa is
sue, and their aim undoubt-
edly is to stir up friction be-
tween Portugal and her allies.
For Portugal is a member of
the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization and is important
strategically to the defense of
Europe by air and sea. Portu-
gal, moreover, controls the
Azores, which are a vital base
for the United States military
forces.
Thus far the Washington
Government has steered clear
of the controversy, though
there is no good reason why
the United States shouldn't
join Britain in manifesting
moral support for the position
OF Portugal in desiring to hold
on to her overseas territories.
There is less reason for giving
up Goa, which is represented
directly in the Lisbon Parlia-
ment and is thoroughly Portu-
gueSe, than for Britain to give
up Hong Kong. with it's many
Chinese inhabitants.
There is no issue of self-de-
termination involved in Goa.
For any plebiscite held would
bring an overwhelming vote
by the people in favor of re-
manning a part of Portugal.
Indeed, under the terms of
the Portuguese-British treaty,
Great Britain is specifically
committed to the defense of
all Portuguese territory. Like
wise, under the North Atlantic
Treaty, a legal case can be
made for the protection of all
Portuguese territories against
attack.
But the issues will probably
never be settled by force be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29
Chou Is Sincere Tin Own Way)

Tuesday, other developments
entered the case. Mr.. Dulles
returned to his desk, and
promptly went to the White
House for consultations with
the President on the Far East
situation. There he encoup-
tered the little State Depart
ment" of the White House,
which has on many occasions
in the past overruled deci-
sions of the official depart
ment. And the official stand
taken by Mr.. Hoover was
forthwith reversed.
Mr.. Dulles has now in
formed the world that IF Mr..
Chou is sincere" there was no
reason why the United States
could not sit down with him
for talks aimed to preserve
peace. OF course, mention was
made of our loyal and faithful
ally" Chang Kai-shek, and
the reservation made that any
talks having to do with ter
ritory controlled by Chang
must include a representative
of the Nationalist. But there
was no need for such particle
patton in the preliminaries,
Mr.. Dulles indicated.
OF course, Mr.. Chou is sim
cere. He sincerely wants to
win for Red China peacefully
If he can. He would much
rather get FormoSa without
fighting, since, despite his
bombastic statements, he
knows well that the 7th
Fleet is a formidable obstacle
to his invasion plans. Since
we cannot bargain with Mr..
Chou on the basis of NATIONAL
list territories over which we
have no control, the only bar
gaming point we will have will
be the withdrawal of the
7th Fleet.
Such concession, if it were
made at talks with the Pei
ping regime, would amount to
a more spectacular victory for
the Communists than Stain
obtained at Yalta. But our of
f1cials are almost committed
to the meeting, saying that
the Red offer should be at
least "probed."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29
India Seeks to Grob Little Goa, an Integral
Part of Portugal on Indion Peninsula

LISBON, April 29.-Nowhere
in the world is more convinc-
ing proof to be found of the
double talk and hypocrisy of
Prime Minister Nehru of In
Ola and some of his colleagues
at the recent Afro-Asian con-
ference than right here in
Portugal.
For, despite all those pro-
LESSONS of high purpose
such as nonviolence and nom
aggression - the Portuguese
can give you an account of
the territorial greed and ag-
erosion by India which makes
all the pious utterances of
Nehru about "anticolonialism"
seem rather hypocritical.
Portugal has for 400 years
owned Portuguese India. The
largest of its three districts
is Goa, a small territory of
about 1850 square miles on
the coast of India which today
is inhabited by more than
100000 people, almost all of
whom are Portuguese. There is
no trade or commercial rela-
tlonShip or exploitation in
volved - only a cultural tie.
Portuguese inhabitants of Goa
have married Indians and
have been living peacefully
there for a long time. Some
OF their number have come to
Portugal to study and have
become a part of the govern
ment. One full-blooded Indian
has become a member of the
supreme court of Portugal
there is no discrimination here
on the basis of race or color.
But in 1947 India, inspired
by Communist pressure, be-
gan to move in on the terri
tory OF Goa. Armed raids
have been staged. Demands
have been made by Nehru
that Portugal give up her
territory, and an economic
blockade has been imposed.
Portuguese India isn't a COL
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29

under construction in the worlds
shipyards at the end of March.
Lloyd's said 1875 steamships
and motorships of 5,963,137 tons
were being built throughout the
world. an increase of 1O8, $40 tons
over the previous quarter. The
total included 242 oil tankers of
3.103.257 tons.
Lloyd's figures showed United
States Shipyards were handling
1890 tons. up 1872 from the
last quarter of 1854. Britain's
share totaled 2,144,146 tons.
Other leaders were: Germany
665,429 tons down 1O6, 583):
Netherlands 545,325 tons (up
15,646); Japan 535,513 tons CUP
1884, 48); France 4l5.lO5 tons
(down 33,99D; Sweden 4o6,545
tons (down 26,646).
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29
Scholarship FinoIist

David B. Shear. son of Mr.. and
Mrs. Murray j. Shear of 1903
Battery lane, Bethesda, Md. will
visit the University of Rochester
next week as one of the finalists
in the 18th annual Bausch &
Lomb science scholarship COM
petition.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29
Captive Deer Herds
Exhibited by Duke

The largest captive herds OF
deer in Britain now may be
visited by the public. The Duke
of Bedford is opening his house
and grounds, where 5000 head
of deer are kept in a beautiful
park at Wodburn Abbey.
Included is a herd of Pere
Oavid's deer-probably the only
one in the world. These deer
now are extinct in China, their
native country. A few pairs
have been sent from Woburn to
Zoos in other countries.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29
Control Red Aid

With the exception of Finland
and Sweden, all these countries
are members of an informal
allied group of 16 nations exer-
eising controls on strategic, war
potential exports to Communist
countries in Europe.
Last fall the group. based in
Paris. relaxed it's embargo on
constructing cargo ships for
Communist countries. But, in
doing so, it spelled out certain
limitations regarding size and
speed. This opened the way for
allied countries to accept Rus
sian orders for merchant vessels
of a special non-naval character
such as trawlers, refrigerator
ships and factory ships used in
connection with the fishing in
dustry.
Lloyd's did not detail the types
of ships Russia has been order
ing. 1t also said shipbuilding
figures inside Russia, Red China
and Poland were not available.
British Activity
The Register showed that sea-
faring Britain was building 1896
per cent of the new tonnage
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29
Paris Poets Put Germany
Back in World Family

BONN, Germany, April 90 (P).
The Paris treaties commit the
West Germans to a partnership
with the Western nations they
have twice fought in world wars.
The five treaties, with their
protocols, spell out in more than
10000 words how this is to be
accomplished.
This is what they will do:
Restore sovereignty to West
Germany which has been under
Allied occupation for 10 years.
Permit Allied troops to stay in
West Germany for the defense
of Europe.
Create West European Union
as the framework for West Ger
man rearmament. WEU will
consist of the Brussels pact ma
tions-Britain, France, Belgium,
the Netherlands and Luxembourg
plus Italy and West Germany.
Admit West Germany into the
North Atlantic Treaty Organ
ization (NATO) as the 18th
member.
Place the coal-rich Saar border
territory under the supervision of
WEU until a German peace
treaty is signed.
The treaty to end the occupa-
ton and return independence to
the so million West Germans
provides that "the West Ger
mani Federal Republic shall
have the full authority Of a
sovereign state over it's internal
and external affairs" 1t repeats
the ban on West German rearm-
ament imposed by the allies after
World War II.
But there are a few strings
attached. The United States,
Britain and France retain the
right to negotiate with Russia on
German Identification and on
peace treaty for a reunited Ger
many.
And they will continue to sta
ton occupation troops in Berlin
and hold right of access to this
RuSsian-encircled city.
The allies also will have the
right to declare a state of emer-
gency in West Germany to pre-
serve the security of their armed
forces there. This power will be
strapped when the West German
government enacts its own legis-
lation to permit the declaration
OF an emergency.
With the end of the occupa-
ton, American. British and
French troops will remain on
West German soil under a sep
arate treaty arrangement. Their
mission will be the defense of
the free world of which Berlin
and the Federal Republic form
part"
This treaty will be replaced
eventually by a standard NATO
arrangement similar to the one
the United States has concluded
with France.
The seven-nation WEU will re-
place the Inflated six-nation
European Army Plan (EDC)
which was rejected by France
last August.
Under the WEU arrangement,
West Germany will create an
army of six motorized divisions,
four tank divisions and two
mechanical infantry divisions,
an air force of jet fighters and
medium bombers and a Navy of
coastal defense craft.
This force will number 500, 900
men. Like the other WEU forces
stationed on the continent, the
German defense force will be
to overall NATO COM
mand.
Tie WEU plan contains safe
guards against runaway West
German Tournament. although
fewer than the EDO plan. WEU
has the right to set ceilings on
The armed forces Of its members
Thus France can veto airy in
crease In West Gerlnany's mill
,ary forces.
d council will be organized by
,he WLu nations 70 supervise
he control Of arme ments and
o.nel matters relating to the
execution Of tie WEU treaty. Il
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29
DOROTHY THOMPSON
Red Aggression Changes Tack

neutralS.
We shall have difficulty in
playing a successful chess
game, if we anticipate that
the moves of our opponents
will be what they have been
in the past. They have started
a new game, not to sweep the
American queen and castles
off the board, but to check
mate the king. nevertheless.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29
Minstrel Show TONIGHT

Tho Edward Douglass White
Council Of tie Knights CT Co.
lrmbus viii present its annual
minstrel show al $3.50 pm. to-
night and tome row and at $50
pm Sunday in the Wakefield
Eigb School. 490l Chesterfield
road, Arlington
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-29

ships (16,04D; Sweden, Is ships
(9.852 tons); Belgium. 5 ships
$500 tons); France, 2 ships
(8,200 tons); Denmark, 2 ships
(2,360 tons); Britain, 8 ships
G,500 tons, and Japan, 2 ships
$3.50 tons).
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1955-09-22
Work On SpiIIWay
DireCied To Check
Eroded Conditions
LocoI Strip Mine
Operator Hired To
Make Necessary Fill

They're moving things around
up at the Caldwell lake with the
idea in mind of completing a Job
that has been hanging fire for
the past several years.
Lawrence King, local strip
mine and stone quarry operator,
has been hired to fill the washed
out portion of the spillway, the
lower section, with rock and
dirt. When this part of the work
has been done, a concrete apron
about 55 feet in length will be
poured.
Over the past several years,
when flash floods hit the area,
sending volumes of water thru
the spillway, it suffered tre-
mendous erosion effects. Huge
boulders and tons of Shale-rock
were moved by the force of the
water and deep holes appeared
thruout the course of the lower
section of the spillway.
1t is the intent of members of
the Caldwell village board of
public affairs to repair these
damages by filling in the eroded
portion of the spillway and sub
sequently pouring a substantial
Continued on Page Two)