davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-06-10
Security Comes First

The President had ample reason to
denounce the antisegregation amend
ment to the military reserve bill as a
blow to the security of the Nation.
In its ostensible purpose, the amend
ment would ban segregation in the Ma
tional Guard and Reserve units in the
South. 1t is bitterly opposed, of course,
by Congressman from. the Southern
States, and when the House approved the
amendment the leaders quietly laid the
bill aside.
The national security, however,
should not be put in jeopardy between
these conflicting forces. If another war
comes, 1t is going to be fought in our
own back yard. There will be no time to
get ready when the A-bombs start to fall.
This country will need trained reserve
forces-at once. 1t will be crime against
the American people-both white and
colored-if thousands and thousands OF
them must become needless casualties
because of row now over segregation.
An amendment Of this sort, as the
President so forcefully stated, has no place
In a vital defense bill. 1t was an act OF
responsibility for the House to adopt 1t,
and the Senate should insist upon its
elimination.
Evening star., 1955-06-10
A Workable Proqrom'

II Federal authorities have had any
doubts as to the determination of the
District to conduct relentless war on
urban blight in general and slums in
particular, the workable program" pre-
sented to the Housing and Home Finance
Agency should end the uncertainty AS
matter OF fact, it must have been plain
already that Washington is finally STEP
ping into the forefront of cities engaged
in such warfare. But the law requires
filing OF an acceptable outline of plans
as a prerequisite to Federal aid in urban
redevelopment. The Districts prospectus
is designed to meet this requirement, the
deadline for which is the end of this
month.
The program sent to the HHFA pro-
vides for the first time broad perSpec-
tive Of the very encouraging antislum
and antiblight outlook in the Nations
Capital. Much publicity has been given
to the plan for rebuilding the rundown
Southwest section. But that huge under
taking, with its spectacular appeal to
popular imagination, is only part of the
SCAACA dA P1OSA dul 1lCLc "A IdISc area al
the central Northwest has been desig-
mated for less drastic but nevertheless
important urban renewal operations.
With Federal help, it is planned to elm
mate or improve blighted buildings, using
every available means, of attack. The
current drive to compel owners of con-
demned structures to raze or repair them
is part of this attack on city decay. Rigid
enforcement of building codes, zoning
laws, health ordinances and other control
measures will contribute to the rehabili-
tation of the old city. The National Cap
ital Housing Authority will join in the
movement.
Unfortunately, the formal outline
prepared for the HHFA had one major
omission. 1t contained no statement that
q modern housing code has been adopted
here. The Commissioners pointed out,
however, that work on such code Is
under way and that its adoption is pend
ing" It has been pending for long,
long time. And unless the split in the
code review committee can be repaired
soon, further delay is foreseen. There
must be a settlement of this debate by
the end of June if Washington's "work-
able program" is to become effective for
the next fiscal year.
Evening star., 1955-06-10
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
FIyino Forms Between Planets
By THOMAS r. HENRY

says, contain the full array Of
minerals, trace minerals. en-
zymes and vitamins necessary
for human nutrition and they
produce the growth hormcnes
and all the complicated or
ganic compounds associated
with reproduction. inheritance
and survival under extreme
conditions" There, would be
no shortage of sunlight on
space-ship voyages. Artificial
light would be required in a
submarine.
Suspensions of algae in nu-
TRENT solutions can be kept
in tanks which can be rather
easily adapted in shape to fill
available space" DR.. Bassham
explains. Harvesting of the
plant yield probably can be
made continuous and auto
matte. Planting consists mere
ly Of the incubation of a
vessel Of liquid nutrient solu-
ton with a suspension of life
algae. Some unicellular algae
are capable Of a very high rate
of photosynthesis which re-
suits in a large amount Of gas
exchange per unit volume as
compared with higher plants.
Absorption of light energy
can be made nearly complete.
Algae and Man Equated.
"The space requirements Of
a photosynthetic gas 'ex-
change apparatus can be
calculated from the known
photosynthetic rate of one Of
the more active algae, equated
against the respiration rate of
man. A man weighing l54
pounds and doing light labor
would, over a 24-hour period
of working, resting and sleep
ing, require about 600 liters Of
oxygen, or Is liters per hour.
The algae is easily capable Of
rates of photosynthesis which
cause the evolution of 80 liters
of oxygen per hour per kilo-
gram (about three pounds) Of
fresh weight. It is seen that the
respiration of each man could
be balanced by the photosyn-
thesis of one kilogram."
There is the additional :
weight of the nutrient solu-
tion to be considered. This
would increase the weight
which must be carried many.
fold. Many other problems re-
main. the report points out,
on which physicists, physicians
and other scientists must
work; but there is a good pros
pect that all can be solved.
DR.. Bassham says.
Evening star., 1955-06-10
Dr.. Adenouer's Team
West Germany'S 79-yeaI

West Germany'S 79-year-old Chan-
cellor Adenauer has demonstrated his
political farsightedneSS in many ways in
the past decade. Two of these have
been his calculated appeal to the
younger voters of the Federal Republic
and his careful grooming of select few
of their leaders to take over the positions
of responsibility in the Christian Demo-
cratic Party and in the Bonn government.
This planning has come to its first
point of application in DR.. Adenauer'S
transfer to 50-year-old Heinrich Won
Brentano of the portfolio of Foreign
Minister. For more than four years the
German Chancellor, ruling skillfully at
home through three-party coalition,
has served also as Foreign Minister and
the principal negotiator for West Ger
man freedom. Through all that period,
however, his closest confidant, friend and
deputy has been the younger Brentano.
1t has been, in other words, a relationship
quite similar to that between Winston
Churchill and Anthony Eden-with indi-
cations now that it may we'll end SIM
ilarly in the elder of the two bringing his
protege to point of clear supremacy in
his party. During this training period"
Mr.. Brentano, lawyer as well as politician,
has served as Christian Democratic floor
leader in the Bundestag-a function
which has permitted him to build up his
own political prestige. In external af-
fairs, he has been an outspoken advocate
of French-German rapprochement and
eventually of European political feder-
alton.
DR.. Adenauer will turn now to, a
greater preoccupation with German re-
armament, aided by another of his
younger associates just named Defense
Minister-Theodor Blank. One OF the
drafters of the original European De-
fense Community treaty, Mr.. Blank
shares with his chief and with Mr.. Bren-
tano similar views on the role Germany
must play in free but united Europe
The careful training of the younger men
who are about to play important parts
in implementing the nations commit
ments offers assurance that the job will
be we'll DONE
Evening star., 1955-06-10
Farm Price Supports

How asinine can farming get
under the price support sys-
tenn? 1t was bad enough. when
there was more wheat than
could be consumed in this
country and it was exported.
The result has been a monu-
mental surplus. the disposal Of
which has baffled our agri-
cultural experts. But now 1t is
reported many farmers are
turning to low quality but
high-yield varieties, which do
not meet bakery standards. The
Government. however, will buy
the poor quality at the same
price paid for good wheat. AS
far as the Commodity Credit
Corp. is concerned, wheat is
just wheat. Shall we now have
a surplus of unstable grain
added to the surplus of salable
we can't use?
Norman S. Cooke.
Evening star., 1955-06-10
Lac des Cygnes

/, too, haze been a swGn i'm
mersed in spells.
Bound round NTH evil magic
in a form
That only loue, can tathom,
for it tells
The true from false, dis
Germs in petdlled storm,
The spirit lDhirling BY in
beduty'S dance.
Let me be this to you-h1lt
of the earth,
With human faults held uainly
to the rim
OF Twilight Lakeland il they
should by chance
Brim ouer, keep iDithin your
heart the north
OF light that troubled Uaters
cannot dim.
Though / am trail and NOR.
tai, music brings
To earth, one moment. the
celestial iDtnos.
Mary Lueretio Borker
Evening star., 1955-06-10

Templeton Jones, sun bather
de luxe, wants to know why
mosquitoes bite him when he
faces north, but refuse to
come around when he faces
south?
And why. Jones wants to
know, do the pests sing?
If they didn't make SO much
noise they could bite him at
will, and he wouldn't be able
to slap back.
The way they make for his,
ears Is illuminating, as well
as annoying.
1t shows they have plenty
Of sense, those old mosquitoes,
Templeton Jones says.
No doctor could take blood
from the ear any better.
Jones wonders just how the
mosquitoes are as smart as
doctors.
One good thing about the
ear attack
It affords a fine swing with
the right or left hand.
The big buzz warns. and
then comes the payoff, the
ever-slapping hand of M. Tenn
pleton Jones.
He never lands, thinking
twice about his valuable ear,
but he always scares the brute
away.
Jones has tried several Of
the antimosquito preparations,
and is about ready to brand
them all as failures.
Maybe he doesn't put enough
on. we told him.
He says the trouble is that
he doesn't put it on the right
spot.
Il
It's pretty hard to tell just
where a mosquito is going to
land.
Except, Of course. the ears.
They head for the Jonesian
ears the moment he turns
around, back to the south.
That way, it is true, lie the
azaleas and the camellias.
These two types Of flowers
have come into their own in
metropolitan backyards in re-
cent years.
Mosquitoes like all bushes,
almost as much as they do
shallow water. Here let us give
a word Of warning about bird
baths. especially those sunk in
the ground:
Evening star., 1955-06-10
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

Replenish the water often,
and before each time brush all
the water out. This way the
mosquito larvae will be killed.
Templeton Jones has the
following hints for ardent sun
bathers:
You do not have to go to the
shore or the mountains to get
. good tan.
1t will, however, take longer.
The city and suburban sun
Is not quite as strong.
It also causes more sweat.
Water tends to dilute the
suntan lotion.
Jones says he hopes no one Is
so old fashioned that he will not
use one of the modern suntan
aids.
They keep one from blister
ing, and that is a great deal.
They tend to keep the skin
from becoming tough and dry.
Young people get the best
and the smoothest tans. but If
too much, then in 80 years
they will regret it all.
Older persons must take
their tans with caution, using
a lotion or oil to make the
dark spots tan so they will
blend in with the other skin.
This blending Is the secret OF
q good tan on an elder. He
will do well, Jones also advises,
to take his tanning in small
doses, and not to get himself
overheated. The latter is very
easy to do, in a city; there is
not much breeze. The great
advantage Of the seashore, in
tanning, is the breeze. which
holds down the perSpiration.
Too much sweating causes the
heart to pound, and this, in
older people. is not good.
Special care should be given,
according to Templeton Jones.
to thin spots on the forehead
and lips. The bottom corner
Of the lower lip is a specially
tender place, and a sunblock
cream should be used there, in
particular. The bridge of the
nose. the forehead. and collar
bones and the round Of the
shoulders need extra protec-
tion.
If these precautions are
taken, the older person can
benefit from a good sun tan,
both cosmetically and in
health values. In our complex
civilization, both are desirable.
Evening star., 1955-06-10

@. Do the vertical-take-off
planes come down in the same
position in which they go up?
In other words. do they back
down?-F. H.
A. Some do. During 1854,
three vertical-take-off fighter
planes successfully completed
their initial flights. Two Of
them-the Navy's XFY-1 and
XFV-1-are tail sitters." that
is. at take-off they point
straight up in the air and the
pilot is literally lying on his
back The planes back down
in the same position. The
Air Forces VITO, on the other
hand. takes of in normal posi-
ton, pushed straight up by
two special engines.
@. Were the Marine Raid
ers disbanded after World
War II?-K. dill.
A. The Marine Raiders were
organized in February, 1912,
and were disbanded on Febru-
airy ], 1914. and their units
Evening star., 1955-06-10
SOLDERING Schoo! Questions

Some 1900 people, meeting in Farm
vile, Virginia, have taken a decision
which, on its face, marks a first step to-
ward abandonment of the public school
system in Prince Edward County.
This decision was to set up private
corporation empowered to raise $4,000,
presumably from private contributions.
The money would be used to insure the
payment OF the salaries next year of 63
white teachers in the county.
The inference from this-again as
suming that the move can be taken at
face value-is that some kind of private
school system for white children will be in
operation in the county in the next school
year. No provision, presumably, is going
to be made for Negro children.
This would be drastic and perhaps
an irrevocable step. Before it is finally
taken, some careful thought should be
given to the remarks at the mass meet
ing by James H. Bash, principal of the
Farmville High School Speaking from
prepared text, Mr.. Bash confined himself
to asking some questions questions
WAAANAA WCAC AAOO dAAOWCACA dU VIC AlCCbA11Ss
He wanted to know whether, under the
suggested private school system, teachers
would lose retirement benefits. Would
they lose membership in professional or
ganizations? Who will actually employ
the teachers and to whom would they be
responsible? What would be the attitude
of the colleges toward graduates of such
private school system?
1t must have taken considerable cour-
age, in the climate prevailing in Prince
Edward County, for school principal to
raise these questions. One would think
that their implications are serious enough
to call for some sober thought before the
Prince Edward community gets too far
out on what may prove to be very
shaky limb.
Evening star., 1955-06-10
Bitter Lesson

We, the editors of the Ban
neker News, are deeply con-
cerned about the recent tragic
death of our schoolmate.
Carole Hart CNelson). We feel
that a youth of the type that
would so viciously assault a
defenseless girl should have
been placed in surroundings
best suited to his character at
the time he first showed symp-
toms of such behavior.
In addition, such youths
should be supervised after the
age of 18, since many of them
are not yet ready to take their
places in society at this time.
This care is especially neces-
sary when, as in this case,
there is no parental supervi-
sion.
We feel also that leniency in
disposing of repeated cases Of
delinquency makes our city
unsafe for young people and
adults.
According to a recent news
paper account, the last entry
in this case record states, I'm
view of his poor behavior for
the last few years and his
inability to make use of any
opportunity offered him, the
outlook for his future adjust
ment seems poor"
Why then, if these facts
were known, was he released to
prey upon the public?
The Banneker student body
joins the Banneker News, not
only in sorrow at the loss Of a
classmate, but in a sincere
hope that something construc-
tive will be done to prevent
any other tragedies OF this
nature.
Sandra Nelson,
Managing Editor.
Ann Jackson,
News Editor.
The Banneker News,
Banneker Junior High School
Evening star., 1955-06-10
Short-Siqhted Budget?

This is a protest against the
Montgomery County school.
budget cut proposed by County
Manager M. L. Reese.
AS a property owner who ex-
poets to send children to a
parochial school Ito give the
kind of religious education
public schools necessarily can
not give) nevertheless. wish
to express my willingness to
pay any additional taxes nee
essary to maintain and i'm
prove the Montgomery County
public schools.
My motives are not neces-
sarily philanthropic or altru-
istic. The reasons are these:
% I know that it is cheaper,
tax-wise. to "buy" good teach
ers and good schools now than
to buy" more policemen. juve-
nile courts. reform schools.
jails and mental institutions
later.
90 I know that the value Of
my property will depreciate as
poor schools inevitably lower
the desirability of homes in
this area.
Jacquelyn r. Hoke.
I am writing because I feel
so strongly about the pro-
posed cut in the school budget.
My husband and I came to
the Washington area this past
fall and the sole reason for
our locating in Montgomery
County was because we knew
1t had a superior school sys-
tenn. We are heartsick over
this proposed cut.
My husband and I have
both served in the field Of
education: He as a college
professor and I as a teacher
in the secondary school sys-
tenn. In fact. now that our
three children are of school
age, I am hoping to return
to teaching this fall; that is.
If I can still get a job if this
propose budget cut goes
through. AS a consequence.
we are both vitality concerned
with any school program, as
we consider the education of
our three children of utmost
importance-above home and
car and personal conveniences.
We are even more distressed
over this proposed budget cut,
as we have a child who Suf-
fered a severe brain injury
after birth and who has bene-
flied greatly from the special
class for such children. In a
few years, with such special
education, he has a chance of
returning to normal classes
and of leading a normal and
productive life. If this chance
is taken away from him. he
may never adjust to normal
conditions and become en-
Evening star., 1955-06-10

Flying farms between PLAN
cts are envisioned in a report
Just made to the Office of Ma
val Research. They would be
tanks of green algae, about the
lowest but most efficient OF
plants. Their function would
be twofold-to keep the air
of a tightly inclosed chamber
free of the poisons from human
respiration during a long space
voyage and to provide a con-
tinuous auxiliary food supply.
Crews literally might be eating
their own breathing.
Although looking essentially
to the distant future of space
voyages, the idea. may even
have some application in the
submarines of the future des-
tined to stay submerged for
weeks or months.
The flying farms" report
was submitted by DR.. j. A.
Bassham of the University Of
California, who has been work.
ing under ONR auspices.
Basically. the cornerstone OF
all life on earth. it is pointed
out, is the process of photo
synthesis by which green plants
take carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere and water from
the soil and combine them
into carbohydrates - sugars,
starches, cellulose and the like.
The carbon molecules are re-
tanned, the oxygen molecules
liberated. Only plant life has
this faculty. The carbohydrates
are the basic food of all animal
life.
Creative Dynamics of Breathing
Plants and animals share
the act of breathing by which
oxygen is'absorbed and carbon
dioxide liberated. Plants ex-
posed to sunlight can use the
carbon dioxide over again. To
animals. especially man, in ex-
cess quantities it becomes a
poison. Thus, according to the
idea advanced by DR.. Bassham,
about as fast as the crew of a
space ship poisoned the air
with their breathS the plants
would take up the poison and
convert it into food which the
men could eat. Recent exper-
iments have shown that the
a1gae. which include all forms
of seaweeds, can be converted
into excellent human foods.
The space and weight taken
up by the tanks would be
largely compensated for by the
lower requirements for food
supplies.
These algae, DR.. Bassham
Evening star., 1955-06-10

ing, I recommend that we
give serious consideration to
segregation as to sex; boys at
one school and girls at an
other.
When I attended public
school many years ago, boys
and girls had separate en-
frances and play areas. Glasses
were mixed. This caused some
embarrassment in teaching
physiology and botany.
Segregation by sex would
simplify curriculums and in
struction thereunder-partic-
ularly in high and junior high
schools.
There could be no question
of racial discrimination.
l have not heard this idea
discussed nor have I seen it ad-
vanced in print. I know of no
law against it.
Efte.
Evening star., 1955-06-10
Buzzes Ivory Tower

nave re6Q AVldtlOn week
Editor Robert Hotz's letter of
June 4 In response to my
letter.
I am well aware that the
staff of Aviation Week are
highly qualified aeronautical
observers and do not doubt
their estimates of the num-
bers and types of Russian air.
craft that appeared during the
May Day show. However, any
estimate made of performance
characteristics, based on these
observations, is nothing but
an educated guess from an
ivory tower and is not con-
elusive that Russian aircraft
will outperform comparable
American types.
Admittedly the Russians
have plenty of ability to de-
sign and produce supersonic
aircraft, probably in great
quantities. I wonder how
American fighter and bomber
pilots would feel If they were
required to fly airplanes pro-
duced by slave labor.
No doubt the May Day show
was impressive. After all there
is nothing genetically that pre-
cludes the ability of the Rus
sian people to design and pro-
duce a Supersonic airplane.
We know that Communist
manpower exceeds that of the
free world and their resources
are unlimited. Russian ability
to produce military equip
ment in great quantities and
to carry out large-scale land
and air operations during
World War II should have re-
moved any doubts from our
minds concerning the produc-
tive capabilities of the Soviet
Union. Nevertheless. I seri-
ously doubt that a trained
aeronautical observer can OBJ
tain accurate or even useful
information by observing and
evaluating photographs of
Russian aircraft flying over
Moscow. Such q method
simply leaves too many vital
questions unanswered and can
lead to exaggerated assump-
tions that could seriously
hamper our own efforts. For
example. I believe Mr.. Hotz
would agree that the follow
ing important factors cannot
be determined to any degree
based on ground observations
alone:
% Weapons systems and
capabilities; co Ability to
absorb battle damage; (3)
Stall characteristics; "a Climb
performance; t5) Speeds at
all operating attitudes: (6)
Fuel consumption and operat-
ing ranges: ca Maneuver-
ability; t8l Airworthiness;
90 Operating gross weights;
(10) Pilot proficiency, includ-
ing day-night. all-weather op-
erations; CID Aircraft util-
ization; Q2) Availability of
spare parts and trained main
tenance personnel.
I agree that we should OBJ
serve the Soviet build-up to
the best of our ability, but it
is obviously foolish to declare
our aircraft obsolete on the
basis of "13 flights over Mos
COW at extremely low alti-
tudes," particularly when the
types observed were designed
for high-altitude operations.
If such a policy were adopted
we, not the Russians. would be
operating a feet of "proto-
types"
Curfis A. MrKav.
Evening star., 1955-06-10
S. 20o4

According to the Congress
sional Record Of May q, SEN
ator Potter of Michigan in
troduced a bill, S. 2094, that
would g. reduce from IS to
so years the age at which
wives and widows may qualify
for old age and survivors in
surance benefits
Nobody could possibly OBJ
ject to wives and widows" re-
ceiving their social security
benefits at so years. But why
penaliZe every unmarried
woman in America who is
covered by social security?
Many wives and widows so
years old may have children
that could help them. Other
wives and widows never con-
tributed to social security ben
efits.
Few, If any, unmarried
women have someone to help
them in later life. They have
paid their social security taxes
for years.
Unemployment, sickness and
hardships play no favorites
among us.
Charles r. Martin.
Minneapolis, MINI.