davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-02-01
Grave School Problem

1t was very gratifying to note that
The Star editorial of January "a, en-
titled Grave School Problem" took
the position that it is essential that
Congress consider first the needs OF
children in our public schools. and then
find ways and means to secure the
funds necessary to meet them. For too
long, the Commissioners have deter
mined how much money they would
spend and then cut budget estimates
to fit that figure. no matter what the
needs OF District agencies-including
the school system. 1t is to be hoped
that The Star will lose no opportunity
to press all the claims of the people
of the District when the time comes for
the appropriations subcommittee to
consider our budget problems.
In your concentration upon this very
important point. it seems that you have
overlooked another very important fac
tor. That is, the prevalence Of over
crowded classes in our public schools,
and the frequency with which they in
clude "atypical' pupils. This is no new
situation. For years, atypical pupils
were placed in both elementary and
lllBu S8llOtl CldoSCS Ill tIlC SCSIC-
gated schools for Negroes. At the same
time. schools for whites at these levels
not only had atypical classes. but the
regular classes were operated with
pupil-teacher ratios below the stand
ards set by the administration. Yet the
surplus supply OF teachers was never
materially reduced, so that funds could
be diverted to the schools for Negroes
for the purpose of organizing atypical
classes there.
1t is one of the unheralded benefits
of desegregation that this condition is
now exposed to the community's view,
and has become the subject of public
demand for correction. Now there is
hope that both our normal and our
subnormal pupils will get the teaching
services they need and deserve Other
wise. the neglect that characterized the
treatment of Negroes as second -class
citizens might have gone on indefinitely.
Margaret Just Butcher,
Member, Board of Education.
Evening star., 1955-02-01
This and That
By Charles E. TroceweN

loaded, and from then on to Claiborne,
there was never a moment free from
them.
after Father Jones got well-placed
on the main deck, greasy paper that
had been wrapped around leg OF
chicken got lose and smote him square,
ly in the face.
Hell and damnation!" roared he. to
the infinite delight Of young Temp and
his small brother, popularity called
Buddy.
"'I am so sorry. beamed large.
fat lady presiding at huge basket OF
foodstuffS.
Thereafter all the way to Claiborne,
the children specialized in calling to
each other, in mock humility. ] am
so sorry.
"Now, Father Jones was an irritable
man. by nature, and this amusement
at his expense, by his son, did not add
to the journey for him.
But we were on our way to Bluemont,
l believe, not to Ocean City. this time,
THE family arrived after long
train trip. just the same.
THE only thing that amused young
Temp on the way-and ! had the next
seat back of him-was the stray COW
that appeared and stared as the slow
train went by and higher and higher
up the mountains.
"Templeton Jones, he once told me,
has loved cows ever since.
After the family arrived, the first
thing their father did was to take them
to see the famous bears den.
Evening star., 1955-02-01
Freedom and Soviet Science

Ever since Stalin's death, there have
been recurrent signs OF open rebell1on-oh-
cially tolerated, if not officially inspired
against the old dictator's insistence upon
making Soviet science conduct itself in
keeping with the following principle: That
the Kremlins political party line must
never be adjusted or modified to accord
with findings reached in an objective
search for truth. but that all such findings
must instead be twisted or suppressed to
accord with the party line.
The revolt against this dictum seems
to have been gathering momentum in
Russia throughout the past year. The
latest manifestation of it, as reported by
the New York Times, is an article just
published in the Literary Gazette, one OF
Moscows most important magazines. The
article-written jointly by two prominent
Soviet academicians-sumS up the issue IN
these words: "Only under conditions OF free
exchange of IDEAS in discussions, IN crltl-
cism and self criticism, does vital creative
thought pulsate, do the results obtained
receive correct evaluation, are new ana
fruitful scientific ideas conceived"
Here is a viewpoint that the Literary
Gazette would not have dared to publish
little more than year ago, when all Soviet
science was under orders to regard itself
as a mere tool of the politically dogmatlc
Kremlin, and when Professor Troflm d.
Lysenko-who has since been bitterly as
sailed-Was the Stalin-anointed high priest
of RuSSia'S academic world. That was time
when any scientific researcher or theoreti-
clan in the USSR, if he discovered some
objective truth at variance with party-llne
ukases, could give voice to it only at the
great personal risk of being dealt with as a
mouthpiece of "reactionary Western cap1-
talism" and hence dangerously subverSive
"bourgeoiS counterrevolutionary
But now, at least seemingly so, that
time has passed At any rate, the Literary
Gazette article-the newest in series OF
such expressions over the past several
months-hits out hard against policies
tending to restrict the travels of the intel
lect along the frontiers Of human knowl-
edge. Further, without mentioning him,
It strikes sharply at the late Stain and his
pro-Lysenkoism by declaring that "the
aspirations of any one school toward
monopoly in science should be suppressed
with all the force of public authority"
because differences of scientific opinion and
theory are essential to Soviet progress.
All this suggests that Russian scientists
have the Malenkov regimes blessing in
pressing for something comparable to ithe
full freedom of inquiry still enjoyed by
scientists in the United States and the west
as whole, despite some of the fears ex-
pressed in connection with the Open
heimer case. And needless to say, unless
the Krenlin switches back to the old Stain
Evening star., 1955-02-01
In the Right Direction

Attorney General Brownell has moved
In the right direction in calling on Govern
ment departments to make certain that en-
ployeS accused as security risks have the
benefit of all legal safeguards that may
reasonably be extended. While courtroom
type rules of procedure are not practicable
in this administrative field, it is only right
that persons charged under the security
loyalty program should be given every pos
sible opportunity to prove their innocence.
One of the troubles mas been the tend
ency in some agencies to place response
bility for administering the program in the
hands of personnel not qualified to handle
such difficult and important work. Bum
Cling of some cases has resulted, with had
publicity for the whole setup. The Attorney
General is seeking TO strengthen the admin
istrative procedures by placing supervisory
authority in the general counsel OF each
department and lesser agency. He has in
Structed these Federal lawyers to see to 1t
that no charges are made without their
approval, that whenever possible witnesses,
rather than their written statements, be
produced at hearings confidential inform
ants of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
being excepted); that departmental legal
adviser be present at all hearings: that no
suspension be ordered without the knoWl-
edge of the agency head, and that hearings
be conducted promptly and with closer ad-
herence TO legal rules of evidence than in
the past.
This accent on orderly and just pro-
cedures is all to the good. But The Star
shares the belief of former Senator Harry
P. Cain of Washington that something more
should be added-some method of reconcil-
ing such interdepartmental conflicts as the
one which occurred in the Ladejinsky case.
An overall review board along the lines OF
that abolished when the Eisenhower admin
istration reorganized the loyalty program
still looks like the best answer.
Evening star., 1955-02-01
Letters to TheStor. /.

Members of Congress are elected and
sent to Washington to work and not
to play around in Washington society
as many do. This naturally calls for
more money. Virginia Voter.
The most ridiculous suggestions some
times come from those men who are
receiving the highest salaries. The
Postmaster General advocates raising
postage rates to help meet the expenses
of raising the salary of the postal en-
ployes. In years past it was stated
that the postal service was for the
benefit of the entire population and
that it was not expected to be on
self-sustaining basis. How about the
pay raise for members of Congress and
Judges? What suggestion have they for
helping to raise money to meet the
enormous amount necessary for their
increases? 1t is just as necessary in
Evening star., 1955-02-01
For a Healthier Nation

Neither the economy minded nor the
opponents of "socialized medicine" should
find much to criticize in what the President
has requested of Congress in his message
advocating a program of strictly limited
Federal action to cope with three major
national deficiencies in the field of physical
and mental health.
The first of these deficiencies revolves
around the fact that great numbers of
Americans, because they have inadequate
health insurance or none at ALL simply can
not afford to pay the costs of proper medical
care particularly in cases of severe or pro-
longed illness. The second is that many
communities throughout the country lack
the hospitals, clinics and similar facilities
they need to protect the health of their
people. And the third is that there are
critical shortages of the trained personnel
required to study, prevent treat and control
disease"
Although he has mentioned no cost
figures in his message, the President has
earmarked in his projected budget for fiscal
1856 total Federal outlay of bit more
than $40 million-over and above current
expenditures in the same field-to carry out
his proposals. OF this sum, part would go
for things like grants to State educational
agencies for the training of such specialized
workers as practical nurses, and part would
be set aside to provide limited guarantees
designed to stimulate nongovernmental
lending institutions into making mortgage
loans for the construction of hospitals
clinics, nursing homes, etc. Finally, $25
million would be allocated for the establish
nent of special reinsurance agency to
iencourage-by underwriting the extra risks
involved-private health insurance organi-
cations to extend their coverage to many
more people than at present and to offer
broader benefits to individuals and families
already insured.
This reinsurance proposal-which is
essentially the same as the one the President
urged upon Congress last year, without
success-may still meet with considerable
opposition. Be that as it may, however, the
fact remains that it offers realistic and
common sense formula for dealing with the
problem of heavy medical expenses.
Actually, viewed either in whole or in
part, the program proposed by the President
is a modest one that recognizes, as he has
said, 1.-The primacy of local and State reSpon-
sibility," and it definitely encourages pri-
vate effort Above all, even though sharply
limited in scale, it provides for action of a
sort that can do much to add to the Nations
health and happiness, and for that reason
it seems clearly to merit strong congress
sional support.
Evening star., 1955-02-01

their cases as it is in the case of the
postal employees.
1t is more important that Congress
raise the amount of Federal aid to our
city government than it is to raise the
salaries of Congressman. think the
majority of them are getting more
now than they could make on the out
side. Most of their time is devoted to
investigations which cost the taxpay-
ers much money. and very little good is
ever derived from them
/ do hope that these highly paid
men will be just as cautious in their
Evening star., 1955-02-01
Divine Tapestry

Would it be mine had touched it not
And By touching lost at least tor now?
Did You plan for me for q brighter day
That which | grasped ,ohen the days
Dere dark
And graSping. spoiled Your plan for me?
/ giue it up, let 90 my hold. Return
To You loose threads of gold, to aCedue
again
Your bright design. They slip from
my fingers
And into Yours. Brighter they groU
and noD
see the tDoundrous gift You hold for
me
As / offer at last humility.
Alice Mottson
Evening star., 1955-02-01
How Biq an Army?

When an officer of General Ridg-
ways standing openly opposes the planned
reduction in the size of the Army, and says
that the contemplated cut would leopard
ize security to a degree" he certainly is
entitled to most careful hearing. It could
hardly be otherwise, living as close as we
do to the painful memories of the economy
dictated cuts in the armed forces prior to
Korea, and the grave consequences of those
cuts.
A careful hearing, however, is not
Synonymous with unreserved acceptance.
General RidgWay's views have been made
public in fragmentary form, and their sig
nificance may have been distorted in the
process. Even if this is not the case, even
if his point of view has not been materially
colored by the manner of it's presentation,
it does not necessarily follow that he Is
right and that the others are wrong.
The President discussed this matter in
some detail in his letter of January to
Defense Secretary Wilson. Mr.. Eisenhower
said that his decision was reached latter
earnest consideration of the oral and written
views of our military advisers" Presumably
the Armys views were included.
President Eisenhower pointed out that
his problem is to devise a total armed force
adequate to meet our minimum security
requirements, and which can be maintained
for decades if necessary at reasonable
COST Many factors enter into this, not the
least of them being the changing technolog-
ical picture, with its significant bearing on
the national defense.
Who is going to say that the President,
presumably supported by the other members
of the Joint Chiefs. has erred in his estimate
of manpower requirements? Certainly no
layman, ignorant of testimony given at
closed sessions of congressional committees,
is in any position to do so. Is Congress
competent to do it? This is doubtful, to say
the least, but at the same time Congress-
through the appropriate committees, must
look into the matter. Perhaps the most one
can expect is that there will be no partisan
ship, and no hasty judgments, on Capitol
Hill. .--. ..-.. O..
Evening star., 1955-02-01
Too Much of q Roise2

Your able Miriam Gutenberg reported
that parade of witnesses favors rails
ing pay OF Federal judges and legis-
lators. That both of these groups de-
serve some increase in their present
salaries is well-established fact. How
ever. the size of the proposed increases
almost double the present figures-is
no less than astounding. For either
group a $4,000 increase would be quite
adequate and, proportionately, a far
greater increase than has been pro-
posed for any other group of Federal
employees Next on the list will un-
doubtedly be the cabinet, and so on ad
infinitum. 1t must be remembered that
the Federal Government supported
only by the overburdened taxpayersl
cannot compete, or ever hope to COM
pete, with the larger emolumentS of
private industry
AS one who has been familiar with
the Washington scene for good many
years, challenge the implication that
able men cannot be found to serve as
Federal judges merely because of the
remuneration. 1t is quite true that in a
highly successful metropolitan private
practice many lawyers gross a much
larger annual figure which many of
them would not care to relinquish. This
does not mean that there are not num-
bers of well-qualified. experienced trial
lawyers who would jump at the oppor-
tunity to serve on the bench even at
the present salary. They would appre-
ciate the honor. the almost three
months vacation when court is ad-
journed for the summer necessarily
because of the varying vacation periods
of witnesses, lawyers and other court
attaches) plus Christmas and Easter
recesses, the absence of office expenses
and other outlays incidental to private
practice: and most of all, retirement
at full pay. Appointments to the Fed
eral bench are for life. and are not to
be compared with State or municipal
judgeshlps which depend on the peri
odic whim of voters or appointments
for stated intervals. Federal judgeships
provide security not found In many
other fields of human endeavor.
In passing, may remark that
locally. at least, the Bar Associations
recommendations for filling vacancies
are usually ignored in favor of lame
0ONho Va OVAACl POAAbAS01Ay CApCOICAU
appointments. This is not criticism
of any one political party. They both
do it.
AS for the legislators. must say
they are quite generous with them
selves. Nobody forces them to run for
office, but they surely love the life
once they are in it. Some time ago they
voted themselves a pension. But how
many of them ever extraordinarily
A perusal of the Congressional Direc-
tory indicates that a good many Of
them are well beyond the age Of
normal retirement. Senator Dirksen.
whom I admire greatly, stated that the
legislators take-home pay Is much less
today than when the salary was $500.
taking imitation into consideration.
There is no argument with him there.
But the same is true Of the take-home
pay of all salaried workers. 1t is to be
hoped that the good Senator and all
of his colleagues will concentrate on
combating imitation and reduce taxes
as promised to the voters.
Pity the poor taxpayers!
Henry Briscoe.
Evening star., 1955-02-01

suggestion for raises as they are of
postal employees, and suggest per
cent for their own raise
I have lived here So years and have
a very good idea of what Congress
does for the people, especially in the
way of Federal aid. They should take
a lesson from the underpaid Govern
ment employe and learn how to live
within their salaries.
George r. Howell.
Evening star., 1955-02-01

@. According to modern scientific
belief, how long did it take the human
brain to evolve to its present level?
S. L. E.
A. 1t took at least a billion years
of evolution. scientists say, to create
the 3-pound mass which is the human
brain.
Evening star., 1955-02-01
Ry THE HASKIN SERVICE

@. Is the Kremlin of Moscow en-
tirely surrounded by walls?-A. M. L.
A. The Kremlin-roughtly triangular
in shape-is bounded by a 112-mile-
the 18th century. The wall is topped
on each side by seven towers.
Evening star., 1955-02-01
Questions and Answers

A reader can get the answer TO any
question of fact BY writing The Evening
Star Information Bureau. 1900 Eye ST.
NV Washington D c Please incloss
q CENTS for return nnstaRe
Evening star., 1955-02-01

policy, such q change can hardly fail to
increase the effectiveness Of Soviet research
and development.
Evening star., 1955-02-01

Why should the 531 members of Con-
gress raise their own salaries by $4,000?
This would amount to more than S.
million a year for the taxpayers to
cough up-and many taxpayers cannot
afford what they have to pay now.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1955-01-01
celestine Dies,
Continued From Page One)

and other jazz numbers. One of
Jazzdom's all-time greats, he died
of cancer last week.
Marching bands, composed of
many of the musicians with whom
Papa played during his long and
colorful career, accompanied the
body as thousands lined the streets
from the funeral home to the
church.
Funeral directors said it was
the largest funeral they had ever
handled.
The bands played Papa's favorite
hymn, "Just A Close Walk With
Thee" as the procession entered
the church where Papa once play
ed trumpet in the choir. That was
before he arrived" as king"
trumpeter in the Jazz world.
The bands and Papa's Masonic
brothers preceded the bronze cask-
ct into the cemetery as hundreds
of photographers flashed bulbs for
pictures of the last ceremonies.
Papa Celestin, along with Picou
Lewis and Louis Armstrong and
others, helped elevate jazz music
from the honky tonks of Basin
Street to the responsibility of
American listening.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1955-01-01
Overseas Tour
Shows Need For
For More US0

NEW Notwithstanding from
a tour of USO centers overseas
recently, Edwin E. Bond, executive
director of USO, emphasized the
urgent need for immediate expan-
sion of USO's overseas program.
He pointed out that the Amer
lean serviceman abroad is stationed
among strangers whose languages
and customs are different from
those he has known all his life.
at is not only loneliness he ex-
periences," Mr.. Bond said. at is
a sense of complete isolation"
USO combats the feeling of iso-
lation by bringing to the American
in uniform a touch of home, in an
unfamiliar environment, he pointed
out, and keeps reminding the SER
viceman that he is an American.
Mr.. Bond reported that every
conversation he had with U. S.
military commanders in Europe
and North Africa strengthened his
conviction that additional USO
services must be provided over
seas. These USO services are
supported by the United Defense
Fund, chiefly through Community
Chest and United Fund campaigns
which are conducted every year
throughout the country.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1955-01-01
cashiion Begins
Wildcat Effort
InFrankIin

LYLE Cashion Co., Jackson, has
begun operations at proposed
675O-foot Wilcox test one and one
half miles southeast of the aban-
doned Roxie Field, Franklin Coun-
ty, Miss.
New venture is No. GIL Board of
Supervisors, $50 feet from east
line, $40 feet from south line SW
SW Section 3O-6N-2E. Company
tools are being used to drill.
Robert Womack, Jr., consulting
geologist Of Jackson, worked the
deal up and turned to Cashion to
drill.
Nearest previous test was Bal
lew & Gallons No. U. S. A.,
Section 25,6N-2E, which was bot
toned in Lower Cretaceous at 49,
9O5 feet with no shows indicated in
the Wilcox formation. Upper
markers picked from electric log
included top of Cockfield at 1880
feet, Camerina 3112, Sparta 1858,
Tallahatta 4254, Wilcox 1879,
$4,000" Sand 1856, Base Big Shale
5348, Artman Sand 606O, Base
Baker Shale 62O2, and Base Minter
Shale 6447 feet, Elevation was
800 feet, derrick floor.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1955-01-01
,.
Continued from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
remarks was Jim crow ordinance
passed recently by the city of Birm-
ingham, Ala, prohibiting mixed"
sports events involving Negro and
white participants, the writer put
it up to the Yanks to set an ex-
ample in the interracial field.
The Yankees have a Negro on its
roster who is expected to join the
club in spring training. He is
Elston Howard, catcher-outfielder,
who is highly regarded by the
Bombers' front office.
Smith contrasted the jim crow
days of baseball with the present
era to show the changes that have
taken place in the sport.
whether they like it or not"
said Smith, baseball men now
must set an example in interracial
relation" He cited Jackie Robin
son and Branch Hickey as pioneers
in this respect.
Pointing out that the Yanks have
game scheduled for Birmingham
next spring, he said the Bombers
should not knuckle down to Birm-
ingham's jim crow ordinance. He
said they should either play the
game to test the ordinance or by
pass the city entirely.
Smith also pointed out that the
Giants and Dodgers are bypassing
Birmingham.