davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-15
Nov Everything'sO.K

In Mrs. FRANK CoipyS al
ways interesting column in
The Star, "A Word to the
WISE" there has been q dis
cussion Of the origin Of the
American expression ok"
Although Mrs. Colby presents
eight different explanations
submitted by her readers, her
verdict is that the origin Of
ok" is unknown"
The origin Is not unknown
and the story associated with
It is Of considerable interest.
Unpublished history Of the
White House and Of the
Treasury Department. and
newspaper files Of more than
q century ago. reveal the fact
that ok" came into ex-
istence on the night Of July ..
1889, at o political meeting
in President Martin Van
Buren's home. The Locusts, at
Undertook. N. Y.
According to White House
history, President Van Buren,.
facing q terrific battle for re-
election, decided to make what
he called Q sentimental visit"
to the home Of his birthplace,
Kinderhook.
The President received q
royal testimonial from his
friends and admirers at his
old home ON the afternoon Of
July 0. Escorted by bands
and all the population OF
undertook and surrounding
towns. he went to the second
story balcony Of Stranahan's
Hotel and addressed the gath
ering. At the conclusion OF
the speech a group Of 20 school
children lined UP before the
President and sang q song Of
welcome to him. Mr.. Van
Buren, shook hands with the
children and into the palm OF
each little hand he pressed
q new IS gold piece.
The Van Buren, party had
dinner ct The Locusts and
laid plans for an organization
to build upstate-wide support
Of President Van BHren.
The United States Attorney
for the Southern District OF
New York, BENJAMIN Franklin
Butler, who had served in the
jackson administration as
United States Attorney Gen
eral and later as Secretary OF
War, proposed to call the new
organization "The Old Kinder
hook Club"
Secretary Of the Treasury
Levi woodbury. believed 1t
would intrigue public interest
If the new club were called
''The Democratic O. K. Club"
the 20. K" standing, Of course.
for "Old Undertook" This
was agreed upon.
According to the New York
Evening Post, the New Era. the
New York Morning Herald, and
the Daily Albany Argus. q great
deal Of well-written campaign
material was issued by the
20. X. Club"
The New York, Morning Her
aid Of March 80, 1910, COM
menting upon a special STRAIT
egg meeting at the home Of
Vice President Jacob Colvin.
remarked that the clubs mem
bership had passed 1000 and
added that "the O.K.s are now
the most original club Of the
day; their arguments are the
most convincing tests logicians
ever invented"
The club acquired political
strength and power and in
New York the highest political
recognition was accorded those
who carried an Endorsement
bearing an 20. K" with the
signature Of an officer Of the
club.
The expression 20. K"
caught on with the New York
public, and was used extern
sively in the sense Of "all
right" worthy OF acceptance"
or worthy Of approval or COM
rnendation," in newspaper adj
vertising. editorials, letters to
editors, cartoons, and even In
popular songs.
Francis de Sales RYAN.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-15

Of a President. We win vote
for the party that has the man.
Wen forget the party. There
are real Americans vet. and
we want a man Of the caliber
of such as these: Jenner, Byrd.
Knowland. Russell. Bricker.
EastIand or Gov. Lee. We viii
not vote for q "one-worlder."
C. A. Nolan.
Savrnn,ir Ind
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-15
Questions and Answers
Nv THE HASKIN SERVICE

to any factuai question BY writins The
Evening star Information Bureau,
1000 Eve ST NV, Washington D.
b. G. Please inclose 8 cents Tor
return postage.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-15

Pen names may be used II
letters carry iDriters' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
sdtion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-15
Patricia Freakes.

AS president Of the Donald
son Run Recreation Associa-
ton. Inc, I cannot In good
faith permit the letter Of Mr..
Parsons, published October 10.
Evening star., 1955-11-15

= u 5 j L
Cat. black and white, tgil Erowni Wei.
e HI. z-0AOz. III
CAT. eiameee. Seal Point; strayed from
y4sa snd ny: 2-yr.-cld mails. 9u.
CHES1fEAKE BAY RETRIEvER. female.
ss sasriss s. e "a. H.as s.sdls q sind' 'is Ee'-
CI6ARETTE LIdHTER a.. Ronson.
silver, eneraved Bettye9 ! Elgln
fosi Nov i s VI. u iisS iis snd ! Nv, nv:
sala Isss q saS 81 7ss6o yss 'Rsa,
DIAMOND HING AM wzroH. mans.
lost nv ares I'm initials On watch; re-
DOG, 4-yr, male. .binek, 20 lbs., mixed
sslis church aaa sIsa. R.vsrd 5E
dExSsEs. said. aowsF-5rinnsd. black
iramsa: oa = WesdIsy = =, nv Z I Z. . conn,
dIAssEs. La4y's: lost psfkIng lot Giant
sssd. ss0ls SIl IS. ss.si%sf. y % si'sel snlina' e
MAND9AG, brown. with tuxedo coat,
0rs White coat and apron, chefs tools;
@ vle; SsQg 49tn aSa ~ n.Wa side door r.
HANDBAG, red, containing sye9lassss.
awe 9At4 QAktAAAAM bA4la ANAg IN AAALAr-
endria taxi. reward. Please phone OF.
EfFsTicK. stsTlins siiyer, ii shsrsson-
Park Hotel, Saturday; initials on end.
Reward. KlL. 3-23e0. ---l7 \
NECKLACE. pearl sln1ls strand; down
town WaehAngton. Nov. n. Reward,
OVERNIGHT BAG. black, iritiais
Y =, n; ~ n taxi Thursday evs.i reward.
AssA.- 4 -sss.yzs --.-----
PARAkEEx. Ereen and yelloY, landed;
vic. John Marshall dr., FAILS Church:
92R reward. Call IA. S-673l aiter
0sou. 10
RARAkEETs green with pink band; vie.
1870 or n. e-3l86. ~ 4
RARAKKET, blue and gfay deep purple
RsSHsrd. RS SO. Hp. 3.Ssei VT y.is suB'-
fARAKkkL, eFeen and yellow: name.
Psepers. Very tame Reward. yu.
WATCH. lady's, platinum. diamond,
black cord, name and dAte engravedi
Nov. ~, VIC 10th, between 100 blk.
and X. Sentimental value. Liberal re-
WATCH. ledy's ogusn; Nov. liz. FRANKLIN
9lnont Store. We: Conn; ave. Reward.
40. 2-TeT8 or EM. 2-50ol. --ib
Evening star., 1955-11-15

Expansion chamber where lies
the device being tested.
The device also Is submitted to
extreme temperatures up to
Ii.5O0 degrees Fahrenheit.
One Of the facilities now under
construction is the Ramjet addi-
tion. II is the Ramjet which
scientists. including those at the
John Hopkins applied physics
laboratory at Silver Spring, Md,
predict win produce the highest
Iof all speeds and the greatest Of
jail missile performances.
1t viii simulate attitudes well
above $4,000 feet and operating
conditions up TO four times the
speed Of sound. about 5000 miles
per hour. It uses q $4,000
horsepower compressor and ex-
hauster systems of the nearby
engine test facility. augmented
with powerful systems Of its
lown to utilize almost 100000
horsepower.
High Attitudes Simulated
Operating conditions sinulat-
ling those encountered by the en-
Igine. aircraft or missile flying
Iat attitudes Of more than is
miles above the earth's surface,
and ut several times the speed
Iof sound, have been produced In
THE engine facility. Most cf the
engines of t0day's Jet bombers
and fighters have been tested
there.
Complete flights. from takecff
to landing. can be simulated for
the supersonic, most powerful
|jet engines Of the future.
Evening star., 1955-11-15
EieInt Wind TulaneIs
LOST

BY 194D 1t was clear the Ger
man idea was obsolete and
Evening star., 1955-11-15
Egypt Rejects
Prisoner Talks
with IaaeIis

CAIRO, Egypt, Nov. is R.-
An Egyptian spokesman said to-
day any exchange Of Israeli and
Egyptian war prisoners must be
discussed within the United Ma
ltions-sponsored mixed armistice
commission.
The statement was made in
response to an Israeli Foreign
Iofhce declaration yesterday that
Israel is ready to conclude at any
ltime an agreement with Egypt OF
Syria for exchanging prisoners
Israeli sources said their gov
Iernment holds more than 30
Egyptians and 5 Syrians.
The Egyptian spokesman en-
lphasized that In accordance with
Egypt's policy Of not holding po-
llitical discussions directly with
IIsrael, no agreement on an ex-
change can be made outside the
larmistice framework. He added
Ihe understood talks on the subs
Iject will be held by the armistice
commission.
Israel. on the other hand. was
ready to take part in talks on
prisoner exchange directly with
Its Arab neighbors. with the un-
derstanding that the actual ex-
change would be through the
u. N. truce supervision organiza-
ton in Palestine. This organiza-
ton. headed by Canadian Maj.
Gen. E. L. M. Burns. is composed
of neutral q. N. observers.
whereas the mixed armistice
commissions are composed Of
representatives Of Israel and its
Arab neighbors plus one q. N.
lnnutral m h..nak tia Vnfae
Evening star., 1955-11-15

Britain and France signed an
agreement in 1850 pledging to
aggression in the Middle
East. the Georgia Democrat said.
If this country reafhrmed its
intention Of living up to the
agreement. he added. the crisis
there might be ended except
for a few border skirnishes."
He added he does not believe
United States troops are needed
in the Middle East to back up
the agreement now.
Evening star., 1955-11-15
George Wants Firm
Middle East Stand
By The AEsoeiated Press

ATLANTA. Ca. Nov. is tP).-
Senator George. chairman Of the
Senate Foreign Relations Com
mittee. said today the United
States probably could clear UP
most Of the tension in the Mid
die East by a clear-cut declara-
ton that 1t WIN permit no ag-
|gression there.
The United States. Great
Evening star., 1955-11-15

ing laboratory is being construct
ed so that rapid changes can be
made In the wind tunnels to keep
pace with the times.
The center. first started In
1850 and 20 per cent complete.
win add an additional testing
/. facility every six months for the
next three years. Congress al
ready has authorized the SPEND
ing Of $3.50 million and an addi-
tional $50 million win be needed.
Most Advanced in World
0fficials asserted 1t would save
money, lives and time" and
called it .'the most advanced
engineering center in the world
to develop the most advanced
aircraft and missiles in the
world" They said an air speed
10 times as fast as sound
(7,6O0 miles an hOurl would be
achieved next year. This wind
speed will determine whether
missiles can re-enter the atnnos-
phere at such velocities and
whether either manned or rn-
manned planes can fiy at thou
sands Of miles an hour.
A wind speed Of 1000 miles
an hour already has been
achieved here. Recent tests
have resulted in improvements
for Air Force F-103 and F-i05
fighters. Like all research facil-
ities Of this type. its develop
ment Is traceable to Germany
where engineers were already at
work before World War II on
the va missile. They deter
mined what the va could do
but dreamed Of something much
greater which instead Of travel
ing 200 miles would travel 800
and which instead Of exceeding
the speed CT sound would 60 10
times rs fast.
The Germans made prelimi-
nary sketches which are the
nucleus Of this Tullahoma plant.
When Germany surrendered,
American researchers got GUS
tody Of q set Of the drawings and
also some $l2 million worth Of
testing and measuring equipment
which Is used here.
Elght wind Tunnels
BY 1D49 1t was clear the Ger
man idea was obsolete and
Evening star., 1955-11-15

American researchers plunged
into q wholly new design. 1t
delayed the Tullahoma enter
prise by fully two years. but as
|sured an advance so great that
1T can hardly be obsolescent be-
fore 1850. BY which time an
other step viii have to be In
|itiated. There are eight wind
tunnels here. These were freely
exhibited and tested.
In the testing chamber the
engine Of q missile model under
test Is exposed to scores and
scores Of measuring and record
ing devices as well as to visual
observation through thick glass
windows. Each recording device
instantly transmits its findings
to q mechanical typewriter q few
feet aWay The typewriter
makes the record and at the
same time transmits 1t In code
TO q giganttc calculator replac-
ing 800 human experts. The
latter mechanically computes the
current result. which becomes
Immediately available 10 the
testing engineers. enabling them
to make swift alteration In their
designs.
Instead Of making q series Of
trips to the plant. today's air.
craft, missile or engine designer
can often achieve his whole proc
ess in one brief trip. Moreover,
because the new tunnels assure
q uniform now Of air. they are
phenomenally precise.
-.
Evening star., 1955-11-15
Air Force Center PIons
6,6OO-M.P.H. Missile
by JOHN A. GILES
star star Correspcrdent

TULLAHoAIA Tenn NOV l5The Air Force unveiled huge
facility yesterday help develop
aerial missiles but 1t frankly that aeronautcal science
moving that might well be obsolete by 1860
ocas told newsmen at the first showing Of the
Engineering Development Center the $500 million sprawl
Evening star., 1955-11-15
Tiny s.Throats Utilixed

To get the tremendous speeds,
wind is blown through . throat
the size Of . hair and into "a
Evening star., 1955-11-15
POUND

CAT. handsoms orangs male; VIC. 81
epringn1lds We. Owner or good Va.
home. KI. e-3oko.
DOG, male. black and white, mixed
breed; VIC. q 3. Flaxton pL Owner,
sh1pRfnE center. 10, ks37b5.
M0UND, nais. tTicoinEi NC. 100 B. AZ
sreS g. Owner Or eoo1 vs. home. X.
5colllE. ISIs. v6iEs. Z brown s5ss ana
esneM brown patch; yery frisndlyi ab0ul
. yfs. si6. kk 6-sA7s.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-11

A the age OF H. skinny Cuban named Gerardo Con-
zales took off from his sugar cane fields
to make his debut amateur boxer Thirteen years
SO professional fights later Kid Gavan as he had come
to be known, won the weterweght championship of
world.
Throughout his fighting career the "Keed" calls
himself nursed ambition to own the kind of farm on
which he had labored hard a boy Finally 1883
he had saved enough from his ring earnings buy
36-acre place about 10 miles from Havana
Despite his failure to win the mddeweight from
Bobo Olsen and the loss of his title Johnny Saxon
the kid remains national hero to Cubanos who refer
him as the Duke Of Cuba" They still flock around when
ever he makes public appearance, and the small fry
poster him for pennies and autographs.
But the Kid Is spending more and time his
farm, which includes large rambling house devoted
family man. he wants his children peasanter
childhood than he knew
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25

ClayTnont High School as soon as
he heard Of the courts decision:
Children have no prejudice I'M
less they're taught. We had a girl
in gym class who square-danced
one day in a group that included a
Negro boy. She told her mother
what fun they'd had. She mention
ed that one Of the boys was col
ored. Her mother jumped on that,
asked IL she's danced with him and
then threatened 10 call me and OBJ
ject. The girl put her foot down.
If you call anyone, mother" she
said, IN never tell you another
thing"
The courts decision has had a
catAlytic effect on the North, too.
II is being used in New Jersey and
Ohio to force communities 10 a.
bandon segregation practices. In
New York City the movement
generated by the decision has fore
ed the Board Of Education TO con-
duct its own survey to determine
II bias and discrimination exist in
city schools, and to establish a
commission to recommend steps
aimed toward bringing about full
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25

often direct their attacks against
free enterprise In their battle TO
destroy our total freedom.
The equality and free choice we
are SO proud Of In a responsibility,
as well as God-given gift, and
we cannot enjoy its rewards with
out fulfilling the responsibility.
This IL something we must do to-
gether, individually and In our
group efforts II we lose our
freedom, we lose II together
The animals In George Orwelps
famous fable OF communism, Ami
NAL Farm" revoited against their
cruel master, Farmer Jones. I'm
der the leadership OF the clever
pigs. they established what they
thought would be a utopia gliaran-
teeing each animal n free, happy
life. But the pigs were only Far
mer Jones" In disguise, for all
their glowing promises. The ami
mails knew they were again en-
shaved when. TO the cherished doc
trine, IAN animals are equal" the
willy piggs added a postscript:
But some animals are more equal
than others"
Let's not subscribe, ourselves, TO
such postscript while we give
lip service 10 real equality. II
didn't work for the animals, and II
won't work for us.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25

separate but equal doctrine
which had legalizsd segregation
since the Plessy vs.. Ferguson de-
cision Of 1896. Today. for the first
time since Reconstruction Negro
and white children attend school
together in some parts Of the
South.
BY September. 1864. localities
in eight states opened their school
doors for the first time TO Ne
groes. Degeneration has been
achieved in Baltimore and Wash
ington, ID. C., and is in progress in
st. Louis and Kansas City. Mo.
Twenty-Five West Virginia coun-
ties have desegregated. 1000 Ne
gro students attend integrated
college classes today in the South
as a result of previous decisions.
Public schools can be thoroughly
desegregated II there is we'll
meaning and intelligent commun-
ity leadership. Negro leaders seem
determined TO make complete in
tegration reality.
That there Is hard.cor oppo-
sition among Dixiecrats il evil
dent from the announcements
OF Southern Governors Byrnes
and Talmadge, and other white
supremacists. The NAACP re-
ports; we find that while the
opposition IL steadily growing
smaller In numbers IL Is becom-
ing more consolidated, more de-
termined and more ruthless.
But the actual experience thus
far. despite occasional outbreaks
and threats Of violence, indicates
that children, teachers and even
parents have accepted desegrega-
ton.
An article in Redbook Magazine
quotes Harvey f. Stohl, Supt. Of
Schools of Claymont, Del who
acted to admit Negro children to
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25
Fair Employment Is
important Part Of
Free ENTERPRISE

ttt&t tts~
tcontinned from page f-B)
perieneed no walk-outs or am
other kind Of upheayal. what hay,
we, as an organization, reali,
gained from our program Liz,
any other company. the actions w
take have TO fall IN the category
Of good business practice, or W,
would soon be out OF business.
For one thing, believe we have
gained certain amount Of sd.
niration and respect in our com.
munity. and have Indirectly helped
TO influence race relationships In
our city. We have given our en-
pIoyees a real reason 10 take pride
In being a part Of this company,
and that is important 10 The way
we work together. We have offer
ed good job opportunities 10 some
community citizens who would
otherwise have been restricted 10
mental work: and while these OPP
portunities are only a tiny frac-
ton Of the number needed, they
have provided at least a start In
raising the living standards OF
Negroes In our city. Most import
ant Of all, we have gained n num-
Der OF good employees because
our Negro employees have served
Nv we'll
Some have disappointed us 80
have an equal ration OF white EN-
ployees Some have turned out 10
be distinctly superior, perhaps be-
cause their need 10 succeed is
stronger than that OF most whites.
But, land this IL more significant
than the failures and the stand
outs) most OF them. over the long
pull. have done a good, conscien-
tious, and effective Job for US,
just like other employees. Good
employees are money in the bank
for any industry: and our Negro
workers have more than paid their
way In terms Of efficiency and
team spirit.
There are plenty Of business
men and indnsiriaiists who think
they are being hard headed and
practical when they reject the
idea OF fair employment. They'll
tell you they are businessmen.
not social reformers---in nm are
when social issues are being
used as AN theological weapon
against the very system Of free
enterprise they want 10 uphold
They'll tell you that putting Me-
groes at skilled work doesn't Jibe
with community tradition and that
their white employees might make
trouble but they'll readily adj
nit that courage. leadership, and
vision In the face OF obstacles are
the things which have created our
unique Industrial growth. They'll
tell you without bothering TO find
out that Negroes are Sccond-rate
workers: lazy. shiftless. agrees
sive. or az they remember Uncle
Toms Cabin tImid and over
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25
Get Professional Advice

The first general guide. then -
assuming top management is unit
ed behind the idea OF fair en-
pioyment. II 10 get professional
advice in setting up and admins
tering a weli-defined policy. Be-
fore converting the policy into ac-
ton. all levels Of management
should understand what In being
done and why; and just how this
viii affect their supervisory func-
ton. The policy should also be out
lined frankly 10 employees, and, Of
course. TO union officials, IL the
plant is organized. Careful selec-
ton and briefing OF the first skill
ed Negro employees, and strate-
gically planned placements. are
essential.
Complaints or objections
should be handled firmly, fairly
and consistently by management
members; and this makes full
understanding Of the program
by all supervisors doubly I'm.
portant.
Asking employees to accept Me-
gro co-workers on an equal basis
strikes deep at some OF our most
unreasoning human emotions, and
doing the job right the first time
is therefore vital. But the guides
1 have outlined are not much diff
farent from the accepted techni-
ques OF policy-planning and COM
munications in any phase OF in
dustrini relations work II these
tcchnlques are proven ways OF
establishing understanding atti-
tudes and team feeling among
working groups, they are no less
sound when used to prepare the
way for tho assimilation of Ne
groes
Every plant which uses these
tools successfully is going a lot
more than just providing decent
jobs for few neglected citizens,
II Is also throwing It's weight and
It's influence In the community on
the side OF fair employment, and
helping It's white employees teach
themselves a lesson in citizenship
which they might otherwise never
learn, Working people bring their
work attitudes home with them
into their family and social circles
and the influence OF one exampl,
OF Industrial good citizenship can
In this way. be compounded many
times.
Use Foresight
II Is very important that man
agement should tackle this prob
lem OF fair employment with IN
same creative foresight and en-
ergy II has always applied 4
furthering our country's matcria
and chronological advancement
3 Our businesses, like our politics
Y system, stand for somethin
n pretty vital TO us: freedom :
\ build and shape our own lives int
Y what we want them to be. Ere
n enterprise is prime expressio
OF our personal freedom, and
is no accident that our enemies =
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25

cularly closely in recent years
with the National Urban League,
benefiting from the step-by-step
aid the League gives 10 manage
ments which are forming or ad-
ministering an Indignation pro-
gram.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25

dedged indignation.
There can be little doubt" a.
the NAACP states, that the de-
cision will be recognized as one
Of the greatest forward steps
toward the eradication Of race
and caste from American life"
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25

On May H. 1854 the United States Supreme Court return
ed the fourteenth Amendment the Constitution ruled
that segregation in public schools illegal School
ton the Court said unanimously per denial of equal
rights 10 Negro children.
BY this historic action Supreme Court reversed It's