Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-25

10-year-old organization had un-
dergone a significant metamor-
phosis since its charter was written,
even though the charter itself had
not been revised at all.
For instance. BY failure to apply
certain articles, the United Nations
has lost most of its enforcement
powers. Article 43 provided for
organization Of an international
military police force but members
withheld the troops to set it up.
Article 106 put the main respon..
sibility for maintaining world peace
on the Big Five. but Soviet Russia
continually Knocked this article and
the responsibility was dispersed
among a much wider land less
effective) group Of free world ma
tons.
Other changes in the U. N. were
effected By 1tetC interpretations
(abStentions soon were invented to
soften the impact Of too many
negative votes In the Security
Council; the Secretary Generals
role was expanded; colonial powers
were gradually pushed into the
position Of having to answer much
more fully to the United Nations
peoples than the charter envi-
sioned): by conclusion OF supple
n1entdry or supporting agreements
like the Brussels, NATO, Rio,
SEATO and METO pacts which
invaded the U. N peace making
field significantly; and BY creation
OF subsidiary organs like the Dis
armament Commission, the Pales-
tine Commission and the Commits
sion for India and Pakistan. which
assumed broader powers than the
General Assembly might have au-
thorized.
Two More Chonees
Two circumventions Of the U. N.
charter were made In the last two
weeks.
First the Security Council and
the General Assembly worked to-
gether to admit at least four ma
lions which could not have quail
fed under q strict Interpretation
of Article 1. These four, of course.
were Albania, Bulgaria, Romania
and Hungary. all Soviet satellites
whose qualifications as peace
loving" or Charter-respecting ma
tons are extremely dubious
The second change occurred last
week, when the General Assembly
decided by o two-thirds vote to cir
cumvent Article 23. Paragraph 2.
which provides that temperament
members Of the Security Council
shall serve for two years. After 36
ballots stretched over more than
two months. the Assembly had been
unable to line UP q two-thirds ma
jority Of those voting behind either
the United States-backed Philip
pines or the Soviet British backed
YugoSlavia. The issue was whether
an East European or Asian nation
should get the 18th seat on the
1856 council.
Finally last Tuesday the Assem-
bly, improvised a way out. Forty
three Of Sc voting. members agreed
to split the two-year term between
the two candidates. In a drawing
Of lots, Yugoslavia got the first half.
the Philippines the second. In ef-
feet, one temperament two-year
seat on the Security, Council had
been split into two, without chang
ing the Charter. It now remains to
be seen whether the ''gentlemen's
agreement" under which Yugoslavia
is to relinquish Its seat to the Philip
pines late next year will be hon.
ored, or even necessary. Perhaps
much will depend on what issues
are before the Council and the Cen
eral Assembly at that time.
II the drive to admit Red China
gathers steam In the 18th General
Assembly. Peiping may have just
little more support, from already
committed Belgrade, for its appli-
cation than the United States
would have liked.
indio'S Role
On the last day Of the session,
General Assembly President Jose
Maza Of Chile paid special tribute
to India for helping to solve the
membership issue the week before.
He praised "the effective interven-
ton Of Prime Minister Nehru, who
induced the Prime Minister of the
Soviet Union and the Secretary Of
the Communist Party, who were
his guests, to compromise and
withdraw Outer Mongolia from the
package deal for membership in
the United Nations"
President Maza described at a
final news conference the events
of Tuesday night, December 10,
after Is Soviet vetoes and one Ma
tionalist China veto had blocked
admission Of all 18-member appli-
cantS:
There were continuous move
ments of kilograms. telephone calls,
radio messages. coded messages
back and forth. Prime Minister
Nehru, following the inspiration Of
MIR. ". K.) Krishna Menon, this
tremendous representative repre-
senting India here, whose capacity