davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-04-12
A BOOT IN SELF-DEFENSE
Fired for Kicking Dogs,
Postmun Wins Appeal

is immaterial." he wrote. 1.-THE
bite of a small dog can be equalt
ly as serious as the bite Of q
large dog.
"The principal evidence that
Mr.. Milligan kicked the dogs in
question are the statements Of
Mr.. Milligan himself. That part
Of his testimony was evidently
accepted. Yet. his testimony that
he kicked the dogs after having
been bitten was apparently dis
regarded. The record indicates
that these dogs are generally
permitted to run unleashed and
either have bitten or have at
tempted to bite other individ-
uals."
Charges of nondelivery of
mail, Mr.. Blann said. were not
shown to be in violation of
postal regulations which provide
that delivery need not be made
to addresses where dogs inter-
fere.
Evening star., 1955-04-12
.SoIk Vaccine Licensing
To Clear Path for Use

The Salk polio vaccine will be
ready to carry its protection into
the bloodstruams OF millions Of
children when it is officially
licensed at 4 pm. today.
Secretary of Welfare Hobby
will license the vaccine for pub
lie use at that time and clear the
final barrier to the vaccine's gen.
eral use. Her signature is re-
quired by law before the vaccine
can be sold commercially.
One big question still re-
manned, however.
It concerns a recommendation
of the vaccine's use, made today
by its developer, DR.. Jonas Saik.
It. might be the answer toward
stemming a possible stampede for
protection at any cost.
DR.. Salk recommended that
children this year be given only
two shots at first. spaced two to
four weeks apart. then follow
Evening star., 1955-04-12

shout that now Is the time for
a change" expounded Mamie.
She objects to the perfect
&c." including the inches of hor-
iZontal areas occupied by the
sides, shoulder blades and back.
Marjorie (Ma Kettle) Main
has a 42-inch bust and Barbara
Rush Is a size 34," said Mamie.
THAT ought to give you an idea
about how false these measure
ments have gotten"
Mamie believes that q more
honest measurement would be
had If the tape measured flesh
area from just below the arm
pit across the bosom to the
breastbone. This would be null
tiplied by two.
Mamie comes OF with a 26-
inch measurement that way.
"I'm for the perfect 26 instead
Of the perfect 49," she exclaimed.
"It gives the little girls a break,
and, after all. the Amazons have
a river named after them. What
more do they want?"
Evening star., 1955-04-12
BY ROBERT X. WALSH

State officials in Virginia and
South Carolina we're accused in
the Supreme Court today Of
stalling in their clear duty to
integrate public schools.
Thurgood Marshall, attorney
for the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored
People and representing Negro
children in cases from those
two States, made the charge.
He asserted that the State Of
f1cials have refused thus far to
concede that their Still-segre-
gated school systems are un-
constitutional and must be in
tegrated as rapidly as possible.
Arguments Resume
Mr.. Marshall began speaking
early this afternoon as the
court resumed hearing further
oral arguments on the problem
of putting into effect its deci-
sion of last May II that racial
segregation in public school vio-
lates the Federal Constitution.
Later today, Attorneys General
of Virginia and South Carolina
were to present their arguments.
They had indicated that they
would contend mainly that
forthwith" integration. if or
dered by the Supreme Court or
by lower Federal courts, would
do dangerous harm educationally
and socially in many States and
might weaken the prestige and
power of the courts themselves.
No Overnight Change
Mr.. Marshall opened his ar
gument by saying that attorneys
for the Negro children in spe-
cific cases in Virginia. South
Carolina, Delaware, Kansas and
the District urged forthwith"
DEGREES requiring complete in
tegration in accordance with the
May II decision. He explained
that by forthwith" however,
he did not mean overnight. He
insisted. nevertheless, that inte-
grafton should be ordered not
Evening star., 1955-04-12

with a third shot seven months
later.
DR.. Salk feels the last shot, If
postponed, would make the vac
cine more effective.
But perhaps even more i'm
portant. at least for this year,
the delay would enable manu-
facturers to produce more vac
cine for use by private phy-
sicians.
At the moment there is not
enough vaccine to go around.
Already some priorities have
been tentatively set UP along
with the request that private
physicians follow them. DR.
Dwight H. Murray. chairman of
the American Medical Associa-
tion's Board of Trustees, urged
today that children be given
the priority"
He urged parents mot to rush
to doctors Offices for shots for
See PRIORITIEs, Page Az
Evening star., 1955-04-12
Southern States 'StoIIing
On Schools, Court Told
Virginia. South CoroIno officioIs See
Danger If Segregation Is Abandoned

later than next September In
most of the areas specifically in
volved, although under some cir
cumstances the terminal date
conceivably might be Septem-
ber. 1856.
At adjournment late yesterday.
following completion of argu-
ments on cases from the Dis
trict. Delaware and Kansas, the
tribunal was questioning Spots
wood w. Robinson III of Rich
mond. He described the rapid
progress of integration in the
District as an illustration of
what he insisted can and should
be done in the deep South.
Mr.. Robinson and Mr.. Mar
shall are associated in the South
Carolina and Virginia cases.
Another COunter-Attack
Attorneys General j. Lindsay
Almond of Virginia and Robert
M. Figg, jr.. of South Carolina,
plan to launch counter
attack asserting that enforced
integration in the foreseeable
future would be dangerous, if
not impossible. The South Caro-
lima argument also contends that
the Supreme Court would be
invading State sovereignty and
legislative and administrative
functions if it issued detailed de-
crees spelling out how-and how
soon-school segregation must
cease.
Those presentations, as well
as some to be made tomorrow
and Thursday by spokesmen for
Maryland, Florida, North Caro-
lima. Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas
and the Justice Department, were
expected to provide considerably
more fireworks than materialized
at the opening session yesterday.
In the District case. however,
controversy f1ared when Assist
ant Corporation Counsel Milton
D. Norman took issue with mis-
givings voiced by Attorneys
George E. c. Hayes and James
M. Nabrit concerning one aspect
See SEGREGATION, Page AS
Evening star., 1955-04-12
Complaints
On F0A Voiced
BY JAMES Y. NEWTON

The Senate Investigations sub
committee has received two
other complaints, in addition to
the Pakistan grain elevator
case, that the Foreign Opera
tions administration has been
negotiating with other than the
lowest bidder on overseas aid
projects.
One involves manufacture of
IA Diesel locomotives at a cost
Of about So million for Spain.
Subcommittee Chairman Nc
Clellan had a date today to dis
cuss aspects of the Pakistan in
vestigation with Foreign Aid Di-
rector Harold E. Stassen.
Mr.. Stassen has provided six
of ten documents dealing with
the Pakistan project which we're
demanded by the subcommittee.
He will discuss the remaining
four with Senator Mcclellan.
Mr.. Stassen announced last
week that he cancelled all bids
on the Pakistan elevators and
would ask for new ones.
This occurred after the sub
committee had started hearings
on charges that Mr.. Stassen's
agency was negotiating with the
highest Of five bidders to con-
struct the grain elevators.
Foreign aid officials denied to-
day q report that bids on other
projects have been cancelled for
similar reasons.
Aid officials have been holding
contract negotiating for con-
struction of the IA locomotives
for Spain with the American
Locomotive Co.
A competitor, the Baldwin
Linn a : H milton Corp. has
charged that its bid on the loco
motives was almost $3.50. 900
lower than that Of the Ameri-
can Co.
Evening star., 1955-04-12

strength in Formosa, I should
think Quemoy and Matsu would
have little further Importance to
the Nationalists, let alone to us. =
Free Time ON Networks
Mr.. Stevenson spoke on a Ma
tion-wide radio hookup provided
free as a public service by the
CHS and NBC networks. Friends
said he decided to give his views
on Far Eastern policy inresponse
to hundreds of letters. tele-
grams and phone calls"
It was his first major speech
since December and the first
time he has publicly criticized
President Eisenhower's Far East
ern policy. The text was not
cleared beforehand with the
Democratic National COMMITTEES,
Mr.. Stevenson said the United
Nations General Assembly also
should seek a permanent solu-
tion to the Formosa problem.
At U. N. headquarters in New
York, diplomats said the ques-
ton of any U. N. action on For
mosa and the offshore islands
has been resting quietly on a
shelf since several weeks ago
when Red China refused to even
discuss the Security Councils
attempt to arrange a cease-fire.
Hits "Dead-End Policy"
Mr.. Stevenson declared the
Eisenhower administration has
been pursuing a dead-end pol
icy in Asia" dictated by political
expediency at home.
He said Americas allies fear
we will go to war against Red
China to defend Quemoy and
Matsu. which lie within artillery
range Of the China mainland.
"The division of our coalition
over these offshore islands-the
weakening Of the grand alliance
Of free nations pledged to stand
together to defend themselves
is in my Judgment a greater
perial to enduring peace than the
islands themselves" he said.
Mr.. Stevenson said the United
States does not have as much
legal justification to 60 to the
defense of the offshore islands
as it would to defend Formosa.
He said the United States
talked big about preventing the
Communists from taking North
ern Wet Nam, but did nothing.
Evening star., 1955-04-12

SSS ~ -
demning the use of force in the
100-mile wide strait between Ma
tionalist Formosa and Commu-
mist China.
The 1852 Democratic presiden-
tial nominee, in a Nation wide
radio broadcast last night. said
a "dead-end policy" of the Ell
senhower administration put the
United States in its present po-
Sition in Asia.
Says Policy Alarms Allies
The administrators policy
of extravagant words" in the
Far Eastern situation, Mr.. Stew
enson declared, "has alarmed our
friends a good deal more than
it has deferred the aggressors. +"
"The tragedy is that the pos
sibility Of war just now seems
to hinge upon Quemoy and Mat
su, small islands that lie almost
as close to the coast of China
as Staten Island does to New
York." Mr.. Stevenson said.
a.. ! have the greatest mis-
givings about risking a third
wolrd war in defense Of these
little islands in which we would
have neither the same legal JUS
tification nor the same support
as in the defense of Formosa. +"
He said the United States
should enlist both its friends and
the neutral nations in IAN open
declaration condemning the use
Of force in Formosa Strait"
He said Russia also should be
asked to declare its position. -
He said:
with such an international
declaration denouncing the use
of force; with such collective
support for the defense of For
mosa; with the addition thereby
Of moral solidarity to military
Evening star., 1955-04-12

U. N. Visitors at Peak

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y,
April IL B.-The United Ma
tions guided tours conducted
4,757 visitors through U. N.
headquarters yesterday. It was
the largest number ever handled
by the tour service in q normal
working day.
Evening star., 1955-04-12

Secretary of State Dulles
asserted today that Edward j
/ Corsi sought to circumvent pro-
visions of the Refugee Relief Act
before he was ousted as deput,
administrator of the program
last week end.
Mr.. Dulles told a news confer
ence that Mr.. Corsi tried to get
an independent designation from
the Secretary which would have
enabled him to Get around the
law and, in effect. make him
administrator.
Under the law. Mr.. Dulles
pointed out, the refugee program
must be administered by the
same officer who is administrator
of the Bureau of Security and
Consular Affairs. This job is
held by r w. Scott Mcleod, q
controversial Dulles appointee
with whom Mr.. Corsi broke
openly.
Not Walter Charges
With Washington and much
of the Nation engulfed in argu-
ment over the Corsi removal,
Secretary Dulles declared the re-
cent developments were in no
way affected by charges brought
by Representative Walter, DEM
ocrat, of Pennsylvania. Mr..
Walter has said Mr.. Corsi had
associated with Communist-front
groups in the 1930s. Mr.. Corsi
has denied the charges.
Secretary Dulles reiterated to-
day that Mr.. Corsi came into the
department under a 90-day ap-
pointment and was assigned to
make survey. which he COM
pleted, He said the survey was
adequate and Mr.. Corsi filed a
satisfactory report containing
recommendations.
The Secretary said Mr.. Corsi
was offered another advisory job,
beginning this week. but that he
declined and resigned from the
department.
Defends Program
Mr.. Dulles said he thought
the refugee program is working
very well in most respects and
declared that Mr.. Corsi's state
ment it is a "scandalous failure, I"
is typical of the reckless charges
which Mr.. Corsi dislikes having
directed at him.
MIR. Dulles faced his news
conference with these events Of
yesterday in the background:
/. Mr.. Corsi in bitterly reject
ing the Secretary's request that
he take a new job-that Of set
ting refugees in Latin America
charged that an "intol-
Grant minority" Of race-minded
men in Congress and in the State
Department brought about his
dismissal.
2. Leonard w. Hall, Republi-
can National Committee chair
man, conferred with Mr.. Corsi
for an hour at committee head
quarters and urged him to con-
See CORSI, Page AS
Evening star., 1955-04-12
Star Want Ad Sells
Sofa Bed First Day

Mr. I. D. didn't lose any sleep trying
to decide how to sell o SOTO bed
quickly. He simply ploeed on I'D in
The Stor Classified and found him
self sitting pretty. He sold the item
the first doy his od oppeored.
u you hove something 70 sell, and
wont to sell il quickly. tell II to the
responsive audience Of The stor
reoders. You'll get fost action.
It's cosy to place on I'D in The
Stor Classified. Just phone Sterling
5000 ond ask for on ed-tokev.
Evening star., 1955-04-12
Prisoner Massacre
Ends Russian Strike

SLAVE tABoRER-John n. Noble,
released by the Russions otter suffer-
ing through slave labor comps, tells
how the Reds crushed prisoner strike
BY o bloody mossaere. See the ninth
Of series Of articles on poss B-6.
EPISCOPAL ELEcTIoNs-New
wordens, vestymen and other off.
GERS are elected in oil the eity's
Protestant Episcopal churches onnuolIy
on Monday otter Eoster. For this
years results see lists on pose Ais.
Evening star., 1955-04-12
10000 10 Get
ShotsHere
Students First
In Mass Program
BY John McKELWAY

The wheels Of a mass vaccina-
ton program in the Washing
ton area began to turn today
with the heartening announce
ment Of the Salk vaccine's ef-
fectiveness.
Today's announcement ended
q period of uncertainty for
health officials who went ahead
last month with vaccination
plans. They were gambling that
the vaccine would be effective.
A calculated risk, their gamble
paid of today.
Still awaited is word on
whether the vaccine is to be IL
censed. It is expected the answer
will be affirmative and will come
within 40 hours from repre-
sentatives of the National Micro
biological Laboratory Of the
Public Health Service in Michi-
gan.
Drug companies are ready to
ship quantities Of the liquid pro-
lection against polio as soon as
it is licensed.
ID. C. Date April 26
Here in the District, the vac
cination program will start April
26. Some 5000 children In the
first and second grades will re-
ceive the shots every day until
10000 have been vacclnated. The
second injections viii start one
week later in the same schools,
beginning Tuesday. May 8. Final
injections will be given four
weeks later, as plans stand now.
on May 81.
I'VE are most anxious to have
the program run as smoothly rs
See VACCINE, Page AS
Evening star., 1955-04-12
Steps to Avert War
Urged by Stevenson

CHICAGO, April IL R.-
Adlai Stevenson says the United
States has put itself In a posi-
tion in Asia where 1t faces "an-
other damaging and humiliat-
ing retreat, or else the hazard
of war"
He called for a joint declara-
ton by the free nations con-
Evening star., 1955-04-12

Tests in D. c. Area. Pooe A-3
be 30 to 80 per cent effective in
preventing paralytic polio.
And young DR.. Jonas E. Salk,
who developed it. declared he is
certain 1t can be potentially
made almost 100 per cent potent
to smash polio's terror and trag-
edies.
The triumph of the vaccine
was announced in an atmos-
phere of supercharged excite.
ment by DR.. Thomas Francis.
jr.. of the University of Michi-
gan at a scientific meeting.
Details Are Given
Point by point, he detailed the
saving of life and limb from q
vaccine made Of safely killed
polio virus:
Only II of 100000 vaccinated
children paralyzed by polio last
summer.
In comparison, AS unvac-
cinated children were paralyzed.
Only 113 cases of proven polio
among the vaccinated children,
many recovering with no dam
age.
But 750 cases of proven polio
among the non-vaccinated.
Not one child dead of polio
among vaccinated youngsters,
excluding one who died after
receiving only his second shot
of vaccine and undergoing sur
gerry for tonsn removal during a
polio epidemic.
Fifteen killed by the vicious
disease among about Ia million
children not vaccinated.
Reports On Reactions
DR.. Francis reported there was
an incredibly low incidence Of
either minor or severe reactions
among the vaccinated. Indeed,
children receiving completely in
nocuous dummy shots had about
as many reactions-skin rashes
and feverish feeling-as those
getting the real vaccine.
The vaccine is powerful, par
ticularly against the most ter
rible type Of polio that hits at
the brain-bulbar polio. ?
There is no doubt, DR.. Fran
els said, that children can be
vaccinated successfully, protect,
ed against the silent invasion
OF three types Of virus.
Today's announcement cli-
makes an often frustrating
search for weapon to strike
back at polio. It encompasses
years of drama, of stubborn
courage, tears and fears, of
blind anger against destroyer,
white hospital beds, pulsing iron
lungs. the quiet of scientific la
boratories, and the imaginative.
trained minds of dozens Of SCI
entists.
Had Assembled Data
DR.. Francis revealed his re-
port at a meeting of 400 SCI
entists and doctors. He and
his staff had assembled all the
data, learning which children
were taken i'll, which were para
lyzed. which had received the
vaccine.
Out Of 1.8 million children in
the test program, 1,013 cases Of
polio were reported but only 1863
were found to be actual polio.
The 1.8 million children included
every child In the program
those inoculated with the Salk
vaccine, those given dummy shots
and those just observed.
In areas where the vaccine
and dummy shots were used in
terchangeably 428 out of 749. .238
came down with polio.
In observed control areas
where only second graders were
inoculated 585 Of 1880, $50 chill
dren developed polio. The
l,O8O, $50 included the inoculated
children and those who were only
observed.
OF children receiving dummy
shots lis became paralyzed.
In the areas where vaccine was
Evening star., 1955-04-12
Polio Vaccine Is a Success;
Found 80 to oO9o Effective
OfficioI Report
Describes Shots
AS Safe, Potent
BY ALTON L. BLAKEsLEE

Associated Press Science Reporter
ANN ARBOR, Mich, April Ia.
The Salk polio vaccine works
safely, potently-and can virtu-
ally end the fear that long has
gripped the hearts of parents.
The vaccine was officially de-
clared today to have proved to
Evening star., 1955-04-12
Guide for Readers

Amusem'ts B-lz-l3ILost, Found .A-3
Classified --c-4-l2I Music ------ B-S
Comics = A-24-2s lobituoy --.A-l6
Crossword --A-24IRodio- -Tv ABB
Editorial ALI Sports ------c-l-3
Edit1 Articles Alb Womons
Financial A-20-2I Section ---B.1-S
Hove The Stor Delivered to Your
Home Daily and Sunday
DioI Sterling $1,000
Evening star., 1955-04-12

George Says U. S. Moy Ask U. N. Bon
on formoso Stroit Force. Poee A-8
PortioI Text Of Stevenson Speech.
Pooe A-S
Evening star., 1955-04-12

Text Of Dr.. Francis Report. Pose A.
Foirfox Health Officer Pioneered Solk
Tests in D. c. Area. Poee A-3
Evening star., 1955-04-12
Corsi Sought
10 Bypass Law,
Dulles Asserts
Ousted Aide Soys
Charges Are False,
Asks Full Probe
BULLETIN

Edward ]. Corsi today ac-
cused Secretary of State Dulles
of uttering "a string Of false
hoods" regarding his custer.
Declaring himself shocked
and astounded" by the Secre-
tary's remarks, he called fol. a
complete congressional in
vestigatiOn of the operation Of
the whole Refugee Act.
Evening star., 1955-04-12

Sour cream, highly prized IN European
cuisine, often is much misunderstood
by American homemakers, says Violet
Faulkner, The Stars food editor. For
different touch. see
Page B-f.
The Nome nugget., 1955-06-13
Eisenhower Gets Ribbing
On Government Red Tape
While Inspecting Reactor

UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa, u
President Eisenhower got a good
natured ribbing Saturday about
government red tape.
1t happened as he was inspect
ing Pennsylvania State Univer-
sity's new $4,000 atomic reactor
The tour was conducted by the
Chief Executives youngest broth
er, DR.. Milton S. Eisenhower, the
university president.
Eric Walker, dean Of engineer
ing, told the President the reactor
is unique because it is the first
built entirely with private funds
The uranium to operate it, how
ever, is to be supplied by the
Atomic Energy Commission.
'"The uranium is not in the
reactor yet" Walker explained
''but if we can cut through thi:
government red tape !"
The remark touched off a bursT
of laughter in the group of uni
versity officials on hand, and the
President grinned with a show Of
embarrassment.
81 must say" he declared, 81
don't understand any delay in get
ting the fuel"
''It's just the timing" his broth
er Milton chiTned in.
The Nome nugget., 1955-06-13
Adenauer Pledges
Loyalty to West

WASHINGTON, R-West Ger
man Chancellor Konrad Adenauer
assured the United States today
his country will maintain "close
and loyal partnership" with the
Western allies despite the wooing
of Moscow.
my countrymen are convinced, 2
Adenauer said on his arrival here
for talks with President Eisen-
hover, "that close and loyal
partnership. with the peoples of
the free world on the basis of the
treaties which have recently come
into force is the best means Of
maintaining peace and freedom.
'"They also consider it the best
means of obtaining the peaceful
Identification of Germany in free
DOM"
Adenauer did not directly refer
to the pending Russian invitation
for him to visit Moscow. But his
reference to reunifying his coun-
try in freedom" was a way OF
rejecting any suggestion that he
or the West German people would
consider unifying it under the
conditions Of the Communists.
Adenauer's plane landed at the
capitals National Airport at 1855
am. this morning.
The Nome nugget., 1955-06-13
Roger Bannister WEEDS

B A Ell, Switzerland, R-Dr.
Roger Bannister-the first man to
run a four minute mile-was mar
ried in brief civil ceremony Sat-
urday to Moyra Elver Jacobson,
daughter Of a Swedish economist.
Bannister and Miss Jacobson,
both rs, left the building arm in
arm, smiling happily.