davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
The Highway Need Is Basic

Controller General Campbell, making
his first appearance in that Office before
congressional committee, probably has dealt
q death blow to administration proposals
for financing Federal participation in 10
year highway program through special
bond issue outside the normal Government
Indebtedness. In Mr.. CampbelPs opinion,
the plan is of doubtful legality and Is
financially Objectionable. His criticism is
in effect, similar to that of Chairman Byrd
Of the Senate Finance Committee who OBJ
jected strongly to the idea Of creating a
bloc Of debt outside the legal debt ceiling.
Preliminary outlines of the $101- billion
program called for creation Of a Federal
Highway Corporation with authority to
issue $21 billion in special bonds as the
major Federal contribution. Interest
charges alone were estimated to total $l1.5
billion-another much-criticized aspect OF
the plan. Although this financing scheme
was suggested by a special presidential
commission, President Eisenhower gave 1t
only nominal Endorsement in his highway
message in February. He did. however,
urge most strongly that Congress should
enact legislation for q Federal-State high
way program and he cited convincing EVIL
dence OF the Nations needs In this regard.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
Ridgwoy and the Army Cut

AS Army Chief of Staff, General Mat
thew B. Ridgway has taken familiar and
altogether understandable position in indi
eating to a Senate appropriations subcom-
mittee that he is most unhappy about the
prospective manpower cut in his particular
branch Of the armed services. But that
does not mean, ipso facto, that he is right.
Nor does 1t, mean that his Democratic sup
porters in Congress are being wise beyond
challenge in planning to stage floor fight
against the cut.
The cut would reduce our ground forces
from present total of 100000 men to
1927, 900, and General Ridgway has left no
room for doubt that he regards this as
something that threatens to be harmful to
the Nations security. However, as first
rate soldier whose heart belongs to the
Army, and as the top figure in the admins
trative and command structure Of that
Army, it is only natural for hin-and ira
ditional-to be allergic to the idea Of eff
fecting any diminution in the Armys
strength. In that sense, he Is no different
from the Navy and Air Force chiefs who
In the past have been similarly reluctant
to make similar slashes in their particular
bailiwicks Of defense.
All this, of course, is in keeping with
human nature and military custom. No
high commander-Army, Navy or Air Force
would seem to be quite worth his salt
to his service If he did not favor having
more strength, rather than less, in that
service. Nevertheless, although General
Ridgway's views are thus completely in line
with the traditions and practices OF the kind
of post he holds, and although the Joint
Chiefs Of Staff have not specifically recon-
mended the cut he diSlikes, the decision to
make such a cut has long since been made
as long ago as last year-at the highest
level Of our Government. And that means
at the level Of the President and the Ma
tional Security Council, our top policy
making body.
In other words, the NSC-taking into
consideration number Of key factors, in
GLIDING new weapons-has found that our
ground forces can be reduced without serious
risk. Perhaps events will justify General
Ridgway's misgivings, but the fact remains
that this decision has been made by our
best-informed and most responsible author
tiles and that 1t still provides for far more
formidable Army (twice as many men and
much greater xfirepoweD than we had Ave
years ago. Certainly, In these circum-
stances, Congressman threatening to make
political fight Of the issue would seem to
be on weak ground
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
While Washington Worries

While the District struggles to solve its
revenue problems, Maryland Is preparing
to apply to It's own fiscal crisis the pay-as-
you-go income tax system. The mere men
ton Of any payroll tax or Withholding plan
In connection with tax proposals in WASH
ington is enough to precipitate protests from
politicians In nearby Maryland and Virginia.
The Maryland Assembly, faced by the
necessity Of increasing substantially the
States income from tax sources, approved
the payroll withholding plan as the least
painful method Of raising revenue. It was
adopted In lieu Of an outright tax on pay
rolls-a method found to be highly success
full in a number Of other Jurisdictions The
Assembly was favorably impressed by two
considerations: ~ The prospect Of wind
fall this year by telescoping regular income
tax payments with the new payroll deduc-
tions-a homecoming boost to the hard
pressed treasury; (2) the fact that as much
as 81 million in additional income taxes
might be produced through plugging Of
evasion loopholes prevailing under the
present income tax system. The loopholes
are known to have been widely used by
nonresidents employed in Maryland. CO.
incident with the withholding program the
State will reduce the personal exemption
from $1,000 to $500.
OF course, Maryland has no authority
70 require District, Virginia or other out
of-state employers to withhold Maryland
income taxes Of State residents who work
In the other Jurisdictions Such Maryland
taxpayers would be required to file declara-
tons and make instalment payments. How
ever, State authorities are studying the pos
sibility Of requiring compliance with the
withholding plan by out-of-State firms
having branches in Maryland or doing bust
ness there. Voluntary compliance may be
sought II legal means to force action is
ruled out.
Maryland, in adopting the new plan,
has given Washingtonians practical dem
onstration of how self-legislating jurisdic-
ton can act promptly and effectively to
meet Just such financial dilemma as that
now confronting the District. The task is
complicated here by political pressures more
concerned with protecting outside interests
than with solving the Districts revenue
didaculties.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
lad the crime Of Yalta been consum.

mated, Franklin Roosevelt and his CO.
conspirators would have made q notable
contribution to the Illustration of the
pious hope of the immortal Lincoln
that government of the people, by the
people and for the people shall not
perish from the earth" Unlike Presi-
dent Eisenhower, the writer believes
that this blot upon the pages Of Amer
lean history should receive the widest
possible publicity and its lesson brought
home to every voter in the land, viz,
that the sentimental selection Of a po-
litical opportunist as Chief Executive
of the Nation is fraught with the grav-
est Of dangers to the preservation Of
their liberties.
Old ReactiOnary.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
Dr.. Harris Retirement

When the Reverend DR.. Frederick
Brown Harris came to Washington in 1924,
he was a stranger to the local community.
His three decades of service here have made
him leader whose eninence Is recognized
by all groups Of his neighbors The success
Of his ministry has been notable. Both
as pastor of Foundry Methodist Church and
as Chaplain Of the Senate, he has estab-
lished fine record of achievement. News
Of his retirement in June will be heard
with regret by multitude Of his friends.
But DR.. Harris work is not finished.
He will continue to write and to lecture.
Already he has engagements reaching into
1857. It is his intention to reside in the
Metropolitan Area indefinitely. So Wash
ington is not losing him. A man Of his tall
ents and temperament always will be busy,
and his opportunities for useful activity
may be increased rather than diminished by
the freedom he will win by retiring In
theory II not absolutely In fact.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
| letters to TheStor.

Congress received its insurance, its PEN
sion and salary increases, or any other
employees increases. but many retirees
would like to feel safe to patronize the
meat counters in the markets, too.
Annuitant.
'Phontom' Foreign Policy
There Is a ghost that haunts the
halls of government in Washington.
Many will swear they have seen it.
The ghost is said to have appeared In
the Senate chamber, the House Of Rep
resentatives. the State Department and
even in the White House. But it has
no special residence at the Capital nor
are its comings and goings at all pre-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08

lenten Reflections
am reading with profound interest
your current series. entitled. "Lenten
Reflections by People You Know"
It Is most refreshing to mediate
upon the expressions Of so many infiu-
entail people whose lives have been
guided by their Biblical teachings and
beliefs.
There can be little doubt that others
viii follow their example. Believing as
do in the sincerity Of these individuals
you have quoted. feel convinced that
their daily practices conform with their
Biblical convictions. because con-
tinued communion with thoughts that
are wholesome tends to preclude evil
procedures.
In the realm of our human economy
there are antidotes for many body poi
sonings, either preinduced or SUISSE
quently administered. Therefore ven
ture the assertion that q spiritual
incubation Of the peoples Of the earth
might prove to be the preinduced anti
dote for war and the deadly conse-
quences emanating therefrom.
To this end. prescribe daily intake.
in copious quantities, of saturated
solution compounded from the extracts
of the Sermon on the Mount, and fla
vored with certain elements contained
in the Ten Commandments.
Righteousness exalteth q nation. but
sin is reproach to any people.
These are my lenten reflections.
+. Edward Jones, M. ID.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
BY THE HAsKIN SERVICE

BY THE HASKIN SERVICE
@. When did Sir George Grove first
publish his voluminous Dictionary Of
Music and Musicians" M.
A. From 1873 to 1889. Grove was
civil engineer who became interested in
music and thereafter devoted his life to
it. The new edition Of his great die
tionary, which has just been completed,
was years in the making.
@. Has the bunny been associated
with Easter from very early times? N. Y.
A. What is believed to be the earliest
mention Of the Easter bunny is short
admonition In a German book dated
1872: do not worry II the bunny es-
capes you: should we miss his eggs.
then we shall cook the nest" In 18th
Century German book the story that
the Easter bunny lays eggs and hides
them in the garden Is referred to as
IAN old fable"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
Always Election Time

Former French Premier Paul Reynaud
made an astute observation the other day.
Talking before the Anglo-American Press
Association in Paris, Mr. Reynaud remarked
that it is always election time somewhere
in the West" AS a consequence, he said,
too many of our international negotiations
become ertangled in the fact that one
nation or another is going through an cleo
ton campaign or getting ready for one.
His solution is to have simultaneous elec-
tons.
OF course Mr.. Reynaud was being only
half serious, at least in his proposed remedy.
His complaint, however, has some justifica-
ton and his own country provides the best
example Of how domestic political instability
can leave government semiparalyzed in
the middle of an international crisis. AL
though Frances troubles are not with gen.
eral elections as such, the habit of the
French Assembly in throwing out cabinets
at critical moments has interfered with
numerous allied deliberations. And while
Britain gets along with minimum OF gen.
eral elections, the Potsdam Conference OF
1945 was split into two chapters by the
British voters recalling Winston Churchill
midway in those meetings and naming
Clement Attlee in his place. In our own
case, while election dates are fixed, our long
campaigns and sensitivity to possible politi-
cal reactions have bearing upon diplomatic
decisions.
Mr.. Reynaud is trying to AK up the
French situation by revising the constitu-
ton. II he succeeds in that, and he knows
1t is not an easy job, he might look for
broader election reforms to conquer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08

dictable. In fact its will-o'- the-wisp
existence has led some observers of the
Washington scene to believe that like
other apparitions this ghost is only
Pigment of the imagination.
Now. even those who think they saw
it are not always quite sure they did.
Consequently there are often arguments
between Republicans and Democrats in
Congress as to the ghosts existence.
When Democrats were in power. Re-
publicans said they were seeing things.
And that's what Democrats are saying
about the ghost. now that the G. o. P. is
in the saddle. What is it? It's the
Nations phantom policy,> but generally
called the bipartisan foreign policy.
Norman S. Cooke.
uerO Reach rla
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
ARLINGTON School Board

II there Is anything unusual ABOUT
the so-called new Arlington "Coali-
tion," it is that the writer of The Stars
March 30 editorial failed to recognize
that grandma was really the wolf. The
fact that couple of New Deal Repub-
Icans were enticed in some strange way
to join the discredited non-partisans
in their new Easter finery is beside the
point and only one more indication
that a genuine party realignment Is
taking place at the grass roots.
Spring seldom arrives unaccor1panied
by change Of name or front by the
Arlington liberals. The names and
ceptions, are the same ones that have
appeared and reappeared in a long
line Of non-partisan organizations. 1t
helps to give the illusion of strength
and numbers.
This new liberal coalition will
strengthen, not weaken, the Arlington
Independent Movement If the Demo-
Gratis do not again violate their an
nounced abstention from local races.
In last years three-way race, Democrat
Brian Bell deprived Leone Buchholz of
a few thousand votes. as he was Ing
tended to. Mrs. Buchholz won despite
and not because Of Mr.. Bells presence.
The plum upon which AIM will con-
centrate this year Is the School Board.
where three of the five seats will be
contested. II AIM can take all three.
the back Of the non-partisan movement
will have been broken and the ogre OF
sex films, progressive education and
{a1se ats <1.n IL
rooms.
If AIM will fight this year, as it
shows every indication of doing, nom
partisanism and its attendant evils will
be on the way out and sensible. eco
nomical government returned to Arling-
ton County. Charles w. Carter.
To most Arlington PTA members, all
this fuss by AIM Is ridiculous. They
will not be misled by these forces Of
confusion. Certain rabid AIM repre-
sentatives are unsuccesSfully trying to
tell PTA members in Arlington that
they should not participate in the
School Board nominating convention.
They disseminate confusion by half
truths innuendo, loaded" questions.
and statements Of personal opinion
which reflect either known distor-
ton. or ignorance. of basic PTA objec-
tives and responsibilities The facts
are as simple as ABC:
ta) Each PTA member subscribes to
five basic detectives, one Of which is:
ITO develop between educators and the
general public such united efforts as
will secure for every child the highest
advantages In physical. mental, social,
and spiritual education"
(b) It is obvious that meeting this and
other PTA detectives includes the re-
sponsibility Of joining in efforts to Sc
lect the best qualified candidates for
the local School Board. In this way
the PTA can best insure the selection
Of candidates who recognize the COM
n1unity responsibility of providing ade-
quate educational opportunities for our
children.
Co That is precisely the purpose for
which the School Board nominating
convention is formed each year. Fur
ther. the convention does not bind its
delegates to support or campaign for
the candidates selected. PTA members
would gladly help other groups do the
same thing. ~x,.,,.
Past President, Barrett PTA:
Presently Member PTA County Council
Executive Committee
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08

This is an answer to the letters. sNo
Sympathy for Pensioners" and Speaks
for Himself" signed Seymore Schulz
man.
The cost of H. r. 1892 and S. 1853.
introduced recently by Representative
Morrison and Senator johnson. grant
ing increased annuities and survivor
ship annuities to United States Civil
Service employees. is to be paid for out
of the retirement fund which was built
up by deductions taken from the re-
trees pockets each month and not
from the American taxpayers. These
retirees helped to establish and carry
the retirement system for many years,
paying all the way up through and 6
per cent of their salaries. The United
States Retirement System is part in
surance and part retirement. Even If
an appropriation were granted by Con-
gress, am quite sure that most of the
American people would sanction it.
Government retirees for many years
received only $1,000 per year annuity
and 1t was very difficult to raise q
family with dignity on that amount.
Hardly anyone in those years received
enough salary to increase their annui-
ties. Salaries were very small and en-
ployment was hard to obtain; there
was no credit for overtime work.
Mr.. Schulman states that the in
creased annuities should be made on
the basis of individual need after an
investigation of individual circum-
stances. Approximately 10000 Gov
eminent workers who retired prior to
April l, 1913. now receive an average
Of about $1,000 per year, and many
barely have the necessities of life, what
with the high prices Of today brought
on by inflated salaries over which the
retireeS have no control. In about nine
years most of this group and their
wives will be dead (they die at rate
Of over 10000 per year,. The retirees
have more expenses-sickness. opera
tions and watchcare. Why doesn't Mr..
Schulman investigate the "windfall in
surance," and the many increases
granted to other Government people
this year? Why doesn't he investigate
his individual knowledge before pick
ing on the aged and loyal retired Gov
eminent employees?
Why is 1t that some people, and quite
a few congressman, are so afraid that
these retirees might get little some
thing? For number Of years Con-
gress has not appropriated its share to
the United States Civil Service Fund,
while the employees have: yet Congress
has dilly -dallied for number Of ses-
sions in attending fully to civil service
retirement matters. Wouldn't a little
overtime help? Annuities are spent in
this country.
We retirees are not sore because
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
vero Beach, Fla.
Refuses to Let Up on YoIto

REFUSES to Let Up on Yolto
Thoughtful readers of the Yalta
papers cannot escape the conclusion
that perhaps the major crime COM
mitted by the big Three" was the
proposal to carve up and reorganize
Europe without the consent OF the Eu-
ropeans and do likewise to Asia without
the consent Of the Asians, to say Moth
ing of the subjugation of 100 million
Europeans and 500 million Chinese to
communism.
Had the crime Of Yalta been consum-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
Questions and Answers
BY THoMAs r. HENRY

reader can get the answer to any
question Of fact BY writing The Evening
Star Information Bureau, 1900 Eye 81.
fnciose q cents for return poSfaRe
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
Foster Pets

E0Sfef FetS
No doubt am presumptuous. but
I am asking If there isn't something you
can do to prevent the cruelty that goes
on year after year in letting baby chicks
and ducks be sold for Easter presents
for small children who, in many in-
stances, just pull them to pieces?
E.A.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
'Enforceoble pisormamenY

The concern Of all the worlds peo-
Piles for survival in the atomic age Is
focused on the U.N. Disarmament Con-
ference in London. Despite the doubts
of many people as to the sincerity Of
the participants, these talks represent
progress In the race against globicide.
In that both the United States and
U. s. s. r have clearly stated that the
minimum requirement for world peace
is enforceable disarmament which Is
both universal and includes all wea-
pons Of mass destruction. What has
not been clearly stated is the meaning
Of the phrase. enforceable disarma-
ment."
Among free men only law is enforce
able. and enforceable disarmament can
only mean the institution Of law as .
basis for initiating and maintaining disc
armament. Law requires legislative
bodies for its enactment, courts with
compulsory jurisdiction for its interpre-
tation. executives for its administra-
ton. and police force for its enforce.
ment. Law cannot in justice be en-
forced against all the people Of state
but only against those individuals
within the state who are guilty Of its
violation.
Once enforceable disarmament"
has been defined. almost all hopes van
ishes for success at London. In any
community it would be absurd to insist
that law would only be enacted with
the consent of the lawless. Yet it is
this very absurdity which at London
represents TO- date the efforts Of the
United States and the British Com
monwealth for world peace.
Since Hiroshima. there has been
available to us two-thirds Of the worlds
peoples which might reasonably have
accepted limited world law as a first
step to enforceable disarmament and
as an alternative to exhausting arma-
ment burdens and to being sovietized.
Nehru, for example, has many times
stated privately that India awaits only
the leadership Of the United States and
would readily accept the institution Of
limited world law. Such union would
at one blow destroy the Soviet and
Chinese hopes for expansion which
make agreement at London impossible
and daily threatens war in the East.
The worlds finger of scorn,' says
Carlos Romulo, would point at those
who would refuse to live under world
law.
History, according to Toynbee. has
come thousand years since Hiroshima.
Throughout this period the bulk of our
foreign policy has been reaction to the
world forces which would destroy the
sovereignty of man. 1T is time" says
Romulo. ito accentuate the positive"
John E. Ainsworth, Jr.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1955-12-08
What's Wrong At Home

There's a series Of four articles
in This Week about teen-agers and
what | read this week on Whats
Wrong at Home" didn't surprise
me one bit. For that's about the
same idea ! get from youth in
counselling. And it also is the same
picture got a quarter of cen
fury ago when my desk piled high
with letters from girls all over
America.
Nov, | have no objections to
teen-agcrs airing their feelings.
It's good for them, helps them
think through their problems.
What do object to is This
Week" leaving Us with the impress
sion that we-thc parents are
horrible creatures.
Why can't they explain a few
natural things? That when youth
cuts the apron strings he is only
trying to get on his own feet to
think and feel and be an individu-
al. In so doing he may be resent
full towards discipline or any thing
that ties into early childhood
This is the period when a good
leader outside the home is invalu-