davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-21
Racial Tensions in Mississippi
Seen Mounting Over Indignation

near the courthouse IN BrOokhaven.
Three white men have since been
charged with murder.
In the aftermath Of fling the
school petitions, DR.. Mccoy. State
president for the NAACP. has been
threatened repeatedly with assass-
nation. He said the threats were
anonymous.
Two Negro ministers. who have
advocated the ballot for Negroes.
were beaten by white men at Stark
vile and Tupelo.
There is nothing to link the Citi-
gems Councils with any Of the acts
of violence. In fact, the councils.
founded last year in Sunfower
County. publicly decry the use OF
force. Even so. the Negro leaders
are inclined to blame all the incl
dents on the councils.
The announced aims Of the coun-
ellis are to maintain segregation by
all legal means and by the applica-
ton Of economic pressures.
BY economic pressure the councils
says they mean boycotts against
"troublemakers," including the
withdrawal Of credit.
Membership has been drawn from
the so-called best people-bankers.
lawyers, politicians. planters. mer-
chants and some newspapermen. In
July, the jackson Council began
admitting housewives, many OF
whom employ Negroes as domestic
servants.
The existence Of the councils was
first reported late last summer.
They repeatedly originated at a
meeting Of five or six men In q
private home at Indianola and in
cluded German Moore. head Of the
Indianola bank.
Since this beginning the councils
have spread rapidly though there
are reports that membership Is be-
ing screened to avoid enlisting
those with the Ku Klux Khan
mentality"
The plan for the councils re-
portedly was Srawn from the book
BLACK Monday" by Circuit Court
Judge Tom P. Brady of Brook
haven, in which the theory Of
economic pressure is advanced.
(Black Monday is the designation
given by some to May II, the date
Of the Supreme Court announce
ment).
Voting Question
While the aims Of the councils
are designed to maintain segrega-
ton generally. Medgar E. Evers.
State secretary for the NAACP in
jackson, said he believes their
major effort right now is to elimi-
nate Negroes as voters.
I'VE constitute" he said. nearly
so per cent Of the population. =.
and Negroes have become inter-
ested in their welfare politically.
They realize that II they obtain
the vote they'll soon have people
in the legislature and courthouses.
a.. We think we should share a
part of this democracy just like
everybody else"
Mr.. Evers was asked what action,
II any, had been taken to eliminate
Negroes from the voter registration
lists.
Well" he said, "the place most
people know about is Humphreys
County. There were a number Of
Negro voters there. Then the pres
sure began to operate. Any Negro
with his name on the registration
books Well. the employer would
have a list and II he found this
persons name on the list he'd say,
We can't employ you until you get
your name of this list
BY this method they knocked
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-21
Violations Frequent
In Korean Armistice

ceeding IL million men, the major
ity of whom came from Red China.
not one soldier arrived or left Ko-
rea during that seven-week Pc
Rod"
FAN and winter months-United
Nations radar surveillance detect
ed continuously increasing jet air.
craft activity in North Korea. This
was "irrefutable proof of your VIC
lation of paragraph 13td)." because
the Reds had no Jet aircraft in Ko-
rea before the armistice.
September FL, l353--A North Ko-
rean pilot, I'd Lieut.. Ro Kun Suk.
surrendered q MIG-l5 to the UN.
The pilot said he had seen at least
80 combat aircraft in North Ko-
rea, contrary OF paragraph 13td)."
October 6-Reds made their first
report of combat material rotation.
They said only that four antitank
guns with 90 rounds Of ammunition
had been sent out Of North Korea.
October IL 1953-United Nations
Command lodged first formal pro-
test on Communists violation of
paragraph 1900. Reds we're sue
cessful In thwarting any realistic
investigation" Of the charge by the
misc.
1854
February 9-Reds made first le-
ultimate report on incoming combat
material: One 37-mm. AA gun.
again, you would apparently have
US believe that you could logistical-
ly support your huge military force
in wartorn and ravaged North Ko-
rea for the entire first six months
Of the armistice without a single
incoming shipment"
The same day U. N. Command
charged that more combat aircraft
were being introduced into North
Korea at eight specific airfields and
ut road and rail bypasses in the
vicinity Of three Of the armistice-
designated ports Of entry.
1855
February 5-Reds used their IL
legally based MICS In North Korea
to attack U. N. aircraft in a train
ing mission over international
waters in the vicinity of North
Korea.
February 21-U. N. Command
made its third official protest that
Communist side was introducing
not only MICS. but arms and am
munition into North Korea. Later
when NNSC tried to investigate
the charges. U. N. radar saw MICS
fly away from the six airfields
where they had been. q. N. said
at least SO MICS were observed
on the six fields.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-21

q pledge from virtually every prac-
ticing white lawyer in the State
that he will serve the defense in
segregation suits.
Besides passing special legislation
designed to keep Negroes out Of
now-white schools and away from
the ballot box, the Mississippi Legis-
lature set up legal educational
advisory committee to devise ways
and means Of evading the high
court decision.
The voices of moderation are few
and far between. The situation.
however, did move author William
Faulkner. of oxford. winner Of the
Nobel prize for literature, to write
the Memphis Commercial Appeal:
1--WE Mississippians already know
that our present schools are not
good enough. So what do we
do? Make them good enough. :?
No, we beat the bushes. rake and
scrape to raise additional taxes to
establish another system at best
only equal to that one which is not
good enough, which therefore
won't be good enough for Negroes
either: We have two identical sys-
TENS neither Of which Is good
enough for anybody. The question
Is not how foolish can people get.
because there apparently is no limit
to that. The question Is how foolish
in simple dollars and cents, let
alone in wasted men and women,
can we afford to be?"
New Ku KIux Khan?
Holding Carter, Pulitzer prize
winning editor Of the Greenville
Delta Democrat Times. has been
among the few outspoken critics Of
the citizens councils, thereby in
curing the wrath Of the State
Legislature.
Writing in Look Magazine. Mr..
Carter asked the question: "Are the
councils an incipient Ku Klux
Klan?" He went on to say that he
could not imagine the present
leadership Of the councils condor
ing terrorism. But he added:
1.-THE ingredients are there. The
incentive and the incendiary spark
are lacking-so far. If and when
these should appear, I say, soberly
and in warning, that the men in
white robes will seize control"
This article caused the Legisla-
ture to pass, by vote Of 80 to 10
with 80 members not voting)
resolution denouncing Mr.. Carter
as liar. Mr.. Carter retorted in an
angry front-page editorial that
There are 80 liars in the State
Legislature"
Incidents Multiply
AS the State divides itself more
and more into hostile camps. in
cidents are multiplying Some are
minor but by the time they have
made their way over the grapevine,
they often are vastly distorted.
Negroes claim they are being
driven from the ballot box by
threats and economic pressures.
At Belzoni, Negroes clustered
around a small grocery store in the
shimmering heat Of the Mississippi
delta region refused to talk to
strange white man on the subject
Of voting or school indignation.
A Negro Baptist minister, the
Rev. Walter q. Lee. an outspoken
advocate Of Negro voting and in
tegration, was shot and killed
mysteriously at Belzoni two months
ago.
Lamar Smith. q Negro who re-
portedly had been active In getting
other Negroes TO vote absentee bal
lots, was shot to death last week
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-21
By EARL H. voss

The United States moves to pro-
tect Communist members Of the
Korean armistice inspection teams
In the face of South Korean threats
have tended to obscure our own
grievances against the Reds which
have been accommodating since the
truce was signed in July, 1858. AS
in previous alterations with Presi-
dent Syngman Rhee. it's q case OF
admiring his detectives but deplor-
ing his methods.
The two countries are agreed on
these points:
. The Communists have thwarted
armistice inspectors and built
up their North Korea forces.
particularly air power, in fragrant
violation Of truce terms.
Q Since the Neutral Nations
Supervisory Commission is in
effective, it should be abolished so
that the United Nations Command
can be freed from the handicap Of
unilateral observance Of armistice
regulation.
This country, however, does not
take the spying by Pole and Czech
members of the misc as seriously
as does DR.. Rhee. Secretary Of
State John Foster Dulles says the
Reds could get about as much infor-
nation through other channels.
Red Violations
The Communists started flouting
the Korean armistice terms al
most the day they were signed.
Paragraph Is. Article II Of the
truce document freezes the level and
quality Of military forces and equip
ment on both sides. Rotation Of
$4,000 men q month, and replace
ment Of worn-out equipment are
allowed. But no modern equip
ment can be introduced to replace
older models. Five ports of entry
are prescribed for each side. The
NNSC's job is to check that the
armistice terms are not violated.
Here is q chronology of violations
with which the Reds were con-
fronted by Air Force Mai. Gen.
Harland c. Parks, senior United
Nations Command member on the
Military Armistice Commission, at
the MACS 60th meeting last July
5. The quotes are Gen. Parks adj
dressed to the Communist side.
1853
July 2S-September Is Reds
made no reports Of personnel or
combat material rotation. APP
parently you would have the United
Nations Command and Neutral Ma
tons Supervisory Commission be-
heve that from July 20 to Septem-
Der Is. with . military force ex-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-21
BY Benz PRICE

JACKSON. Miss.-Racial tensions
are mounting in Mississippi like q
sullen summer haze over a parched
cotton field.
Negro leaders are hammering at
the States old and rigid segrega-
ton barriers, beginning with the
public school systems in jackson.
Vicksburg and Natchez.
DR.. A. H. Mccoy, Jackson dentist
and State president of the National
Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP). said of
the demands for ending segregation
In public schools: "We just gave
them the courtesy title Of petitions.
They were more in the nature Of
ultimatums.
DR.. Mccoy maintains that If race
tensions should explode into vio-
lence some white blood will flow
too"
Aroused white men-60. 900 Of
them-have banded together in
semi-secret organizations known as
Citizens Councils to halt Negro in
roads into the southern way Of
life"
After the school petition was
filed In Jackson, Ellis w. Right.
president Of the Jackson Citizens
Council, snapped, "We now tell the
NAACP people they have started
something they will never finish"
While both sides are adamant in
Mississippi, the same Is not true
throughout the rest Of the southern
region.
In Texas, Arkansas. Kentucky.
North Carolina. Tennessee. Mis-
souri,, Delaware, Maryland. Okla
homa and West Virginia. various
public school districts have moved
or plan moves toward indignation.
This does not mean there Is no
opposition in these States to deseg-
regation. Attorney General John
Ben Shepperd Of Texas said this
week his Investigators have I'M
covered attempts in % counties to
revive the Ku Klux Khan. appar-
entity as an outgrowth Of the Su-
preme Courts ruling. All OF the
counties are In East Texas. which
has a heavy Negro population.
Georgia, South Carolina. Louisi-
ana. Alabama and Florida. how
ever, are ranging themselves In the
anti -integration columns. But no.
where have race tensions reached
the same peak as in Mississippi.
No Quarter Bottle
Both sides in Mississippi have
made clear publicly that this is q
no-quarter battle. Each has ruled
out compromise, and for all prac-
tical purposes there Is no COM
munication between white and
Negro leaders.
For support the Negroes are lean
ing heavily on the May IT, 1854.
ruling by the United States Su-
preme Court that school segrega-
ton is unconstitutional and on the
same courts order last May 81 re-
quiring school districts to proceed
with reasonable" speed toward in
tegration.
The Federal courts are the Ne
groes' only bulwark. Pitted against
them is the entire legislative and
administrative machinery Of the
State.
Five candidates for Governor
stumped Mississippi in July. each
arguing chiefly that he was best
qualified to fight OF the Negroes
demands. The winners, who will
appear in a run-oh primary next
Tuesday, were Paul Johnson and
Attorney General =. P. Coleman.
Mr.. Coleman, chief legal agent
for the State. says he has obtained
Daily Sitka sentinel and the arrowhead press., 1955-11-02

but carried 28 times for 121 yards. Not since Motley lugged 27 times for 178 yards against Washington five years ago has any Cleveland Brown back worked 50 hard. One reason was rain hobbled the passing attack.
 Brown can't explain his good fortune in getting Modze- lewski, except to say the Steel CTS just felt the former Mary land ace and Pittsgurgh's No.
 1 draft choice in 1852 wasn't playing good ball for the Steel CTS.
 Handicapped by a back in jury in his rookie season Mod zelewski carried 82 times for 195 yards and caught II pass es for 109 yards on the Pitts burgh offense.
 In half a season with the Browns, Big Mo hasn't been bothered by the back injury and has averaged four yards a plunge (327 yards in 81 car ries) and has caught a half dozen passes for 37 yards more
 So far he's scored six touch downs.
 Nor do these statistics tell
 his whole contribution to the
 1855 Browns. He male it 1 possible" Brown said, tc
 switch Fred I(Curley) Morrison
 from fuIllback to right half "tc
 give us better offense and helr
 the team overall"
 i. 'fModzelewski always has
 Wantel to play flor us." Brown
 said. And Brown has had more than casual interest in
 the Polish powerdriver since
Daily Sitka sentinel and the arrowhead press., 1955-11-02
Experts will learn how Japan markets fish to world

TOKYO (P) Fisheries ex- perts of three nations will learn tomorrow how Japan mar kets its fish after they are brought in from fleets working nearby waters.
 Representatives of the Unit ed States, Canada and Japan, delegates to the second annual meeting of the In ternational North Pacific Fish ries Commission, will visit the ''uo-gashi' Cfish waterfront district where buyers purchase fish in bulk.
 The fish are auctioned to the
Daily Sitka sentinel and the arrowhead press., 1955-11-02
Youth pulls boy iron, under ice at (ordovu

CORDOVA (P) A Nome Es- axilmo boys heroism helped make the 10th anniversary of the founding of the Lutheran mission home for children here a happy one yesterday.
 The courage of Jonathan Davis, 16. in diving through a hole in the ice and rescuing Walter Elisovsky, 12, undoubt- edly saved the younger boys life, Dr. Ray Coffin said.
 Disobeying instructions, 8 group of the boys from the home went skating on nearby Eyack lake Halloween eve ano the ice broke. John Elisovsky and the Davis boy were unable to pull Walter out and he went down, apparently for the last time.
 But the Davis boy dove in Swimming underwater. he To- cated his unconscious friend brought him to the surface and other boys helped pull them out. John and Roger Reese, IA started artificial respiration and Dr. Coffin arrived quickly to help revive him.
 The home, headed by Miss Nettie Hanson, now cares fo1 19 boys. Several hundred you sths have lived there the past decade.
Daily Sitka sentinel and the arrowhead press., 1955-11-02
BIG MO HAPPY WITH CLEVELAND BROWNS
by Dick Smith

CLEVELAND (P) The man coach Paul Brown says gave us the big lift this year" came to the Cleveland Browns prac tically as a gift from their chief rivals in the National Foot ball leagues eastern division race.
 The man is Edward w. (Big Mol Modzelewski, whom the Pittsburgh Steelers sent to the Browns Sept. ' in a straight swap for Marion Motley.
 What has happened since Sept. 7 makes the question strictly rhetorical when coach Brown chortles:
 Did we make good trade, or didn't we?"
 Fullback Modzelewski has displaced Maurice Bassett as the Browns No. l line buster He's given our backfield a sharp, powerful punch and quickness," Browns said, and he's capable of the long-shot run" Furthermore. Big Mo won't be 26 until next Jan. 13.
 FulIback Motley, released last night by the Steelers. is 35 and plagued with knee injur- ies. He never figured seriously in the Browns plans and had missed the entire 1854 season. ''Modelewski is outstanding when he's in good shape. and he's been outstanding when he's hurt Brown said. And he's intelligent. He caught on to our system as fast as any man I've ever had"
 Last Sunday against the Ch5 cago Cardinals, the blond bat tering ram had a sore shoulder
Daily Sitka sentinel and the arrowhead press., 1955-11-02
Peron leaves

off quickly. There was another man with him. Several Para guayan officials, none of the cabinet rank, were at the air. port. Informed officials saic the trip was arranged at Perons own request.
 Peron had driven to the cap ital during the night from the country estate near Villarica 150 miles away, where he hac been informed.
 !, Last Wek he told newsmen at Villarica that he might go to Nicaragua or Cuba if he were invited, but that he would re- turn to Paraguay which he now calls home.
 He is considered a good fri end of President Anastasio So- moza of Nicaragua, who was warmly received when he made a state visit to Argen ina two years ago.
Daily Sitka sentinel and the arrowhead press., 1955-11-02
fCooI and chilly |weuther spreads
 over nation
by The Associated Press

iUy IIlG ASSOCIdCGQ GI0SS
 More cool air spread south ward from Canada today, drop ping temperatures to the low est marks of autumn in some northern areas.
 The chilliest region extend ed from the northern Rockies eastward through the northern plains asd the upper Mississip- pi valley. Temperatures gIaner- ally were 10 degrees lower than yesterday morning, with most areas reporting readings under 20 degrees. One of the cold spots was Cutbank, Mont. rported near zero. The high yesterday was under 20 dagrees.
 Fairly cool weather also was reported in many other parts
Daily Sitka sentinel and the arrowhead press., 1955-11-02
Big 4 meeting

As a result. of a shift in the British position two or three weeks ago, the informants said Britain, France and the United States now support the crea- ton of buffer zone only after Germany is unified.
 They said Molotov apparent ly hoped to put Britain and Russia on the same side of one issue at least, and thus divide Britain and the United States by his adoption of the earlier Gritish plan.
Daily Sitka sentinel and the arrowhead press., 1955-11-02
Daily Sifko Sentinel & Arrowhead pressl Page Four Wednesday, November 2, 1855

highest bidder.
 Later in the week some of the delegates plan to visit Hok- kaido, Japan's northern island, to see hatcheries and fishing industry facilities.
 The two field trips higIhlight the week-long gathering. now in its third day. It ends Satur- day.
 A conference spokesman said only routine procedural
 matters had been discussed sc far. A report on research into ! the origins of salmon, king crab, herring, halibut and oth CT North Pacific fish is expect. ed tomorrow. The spokesman said more research is planned in 1856 bu { he could not elaborate. A site for next years conference vii
 be selected before the sessior closes.
 Is addition to the three na tions, these five organization
 are represented: U. MS fooc
 and agriculture organization
 the International Pacific sal
 mon fisheries commission, ths International halibut commis sion; the Pacific Marine fisher
 ies dornrnission and the Inter American tropical tuna commi' sion.
Daily Sitka sentinel and the arrowhead press., 1955-11-02

of the country with readings in the 30s and 40s this morning The warmar weather extended over a narrow belt from Ohio southwestward through west ern Kentucky, western Tennes- see, Arkansas, Louisiana and Texas; the southwest desert region and extreme southern Florida.
 Precipitation was confined mostly to northern and yves. ern areas. Snow furries fell from the northern Rockies to the northern plains. Rain fell a. long the north Pacific Coast, in parts of the midwest and in sections of New England. Snow aft Douglas, Wyo., measured 3 inches.
Daily Sitka sentinel and the arrowhead press., 1955-11-02
EFuure again calls Tor confidence vote by French assembly

PARIS (P) Premisr Edgar Faure goes before the national assembly for the third time in 16 days tonight to ask for a vo.e of confidence.
 Even his most bitter enemies were likely to hesitate before voting against the premier in the session beginning at noon Si5ka time today.
 The premier's idea of disolv ing the present assembly on Jan. 2 and holding a quick cleo tion in December appeared pop .ular throughout the nation. Any deputy voting against the gov ernment might seem to be in a position of wanting to avoid a test of his own popularity at the ballot box. The present as- senlbly's five year term is not up until next June.
 During the last three days of debate, which ended. last night with Faure's demand for a vote of confindence, no deputy came out against the principle of a quick election.
Daily Sitka sentinel and the arrowhead press., 1955-11-02

he coached him in the North South College All-Star game at Mobile.
 That was in 1852 when Mod zelewski was graduated from Mary land after a senior year in which he personally out gained on the ground all the Terrapin opposition and won outstanding player" honors in a Sugar Bowl victory over Tennessee. During the 1953-54 seasons, ModzeleWski was in the air force.
 With his wife and 16-rnonth old son. Mike Modzelewski lives at Tarentum, Pa., less than hours drive from Pitts burgh But he's happy to spend nearly three hours more com mutingp to practices of the Browns. instead of the Steel orc
Daily Sitka sentinel and the arrowhead press., 1955-11-02
Daily Sifl<a Sentinel WANT ADS.

NOW OPEN, Pioneer Grill, 3 p.
 m. to 3 a. m. Maintenance re- pairs have been completed.
 OPEN 7-DAYS A WEEK. (4)
Daily Sitka sentinel and the arrowhead press., 1955-11-02

SOR SALE: Fresh locker beef, 4Oc lb. per side; 35c lb front quarter. 45c lb. hind quarter. Blue Lake Farms, Box 558 CT Phone Red 237. (2)
Daily Sitka sentinel and the arrowhead press., 1955-11-02

LOST: 21 Parker pencil, li- qlrid lead: black with silver top. Reward for return to Black 248. (2)
Daily Sitka sentinel and the arrowhead press., 1955-11-02

FOR SALE: 2-bedroom home,
 fireplace, dishwasher, all electric appliances See Fred Baughn, can be bought on F. H. A. financing. (4)
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-05-06

rald-Dis-
rate the
the OPP
u exper-
d father
ed away
s worth
who say
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-05-06

Judge Loevinger, Hon. Archie
Gingold, judge in the Municipal
court said OF him; Judge Lowing
er is keen student Of the works
of William Shakespeare. In one
Of shakespeare's plays is found
the following expression: Con
denim the fault, not the actor OF
H." Apparently that same concept
was ever present in the Loeviuger
philosophy ON the handling Of
criminal offenders, He sought to
distinguish between the offcnse
and the offender. He proceeded on
the theory that people are basic
ally good, He endeavored to give
the offender a word OF hope. He
tirelessly searched for a good trait
in every offender upon which 10
rebuild morale, self respect and
useful citizenship"
Many stride are being made and
Will be made in our state as long
as we have sincere and humble
leadership by men of the stature
of Judge Gustavus Loveinger.
He is a man OF clear vision and
sound judgement, dedicated TO
serving humanity, as his record
proves.