davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
Explaining the GroyProqrom

Elsewhere in today's Star there ap-
pears the first of series of articles seek
ing to explain, as effectively as we can,
the background and the issues presented
by Virginia's Gray Commission. This
needs to be done. In the supercharged
atmosphere of controversy surrounding
the school segregation question important
points made by both sides are sometimes
purposely obscured or confused. In this
situation, we think service can be per-
formed by such series.
The problem involved Is difficult
one, made more so by the emotional
sentiments melted by its discussion. No
reasonable study of Virginias efforts to
cope with this problem could fail to be
a sympathetic one. Sympathy, however,
or understanding, should not be confused
with acceptance or Endorsement. In ex-
planning the Gray program, we are not
giving it our Endorsement.
AS we see it, indignation of the public
schools is inevitable, in Virginia and
everywhere else in the United States. In
the end, the public schools everywhere
must be open on terms Of real equality
to members of all races. We are as conf
dent of that as we are in the future of
this great country, although progress
toward that end will be slower in some
communities than In others.
The questions facing Virginia's voters
are whether adjustment to the inevitable
will come with less descriptive effect on
the school system by adopting the Gray
program or by defeating 1t; whether the
welfare of all Virginia school children,
regardless of race, is served best by the
Gray program or by no program. The
series Of articles is not to supply the an
swers, but to furnish the available infor-
nation which may be helpful to those
who must answer these questions for
themselves.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
The Ford Grant

Never in the history of philanthropy
has there been anything comparable to
the Ford Foundations lump-sum grant
of $500 million to all the Nations properly
accredited and privately supported col
legeS, universities, medical schools and
nonprof1t hospitals. What makes it so
Splendidly unique, moreover, is not just
its breath-taking muniflcence. It also
stands in class by ITSELF with a sort Of
grandeur, because it represents the most
striking and most promising effort of its
kind to date to cope effectively with some
of the harsher of the many educational
and health problems now besetting our
country.
To that end, this fabulously unprece-
denied grant-which includes a hand
some total of close to IS million for
various institutions here in our own Met
ropolitan Area-w1ll operate in three
ways. First, $50 million of it will 60 to
about 40 medical schools to enable them
to strengthen the quality and increase
the scale of their instruction. Second,
approximately $500 hospitals will receive
5000 million to improve and expand their
services and facilities. And third, with
the proviso that the money must be used
in the form of interest yielding endow-
ments for period of 10 years, $210 mil
lion (plus $50 million appropriated by the
foundation last March) will be given to
615 colleges and universities to help them
raise the salaries of their faculty men,
bers. Great as it is, of course, such
philanthropy falls far short of being
cure-all, but it is bound to have a marked
alternating effect, and the example it sets
If emulated by other groupS-can be
of incalculable value to the Nation in the
fields of health and education.
Thus, in practical terms, the Ford
Foundations grant to the colleges and
universities means that those els insti-
tutions will be able to count on an addi-
tional aggregate income of we'll over $40
million year. And they will be equipped,
with that extra sum, to give appreciate
pay increases to many of their instructors
and professors. This is a thing that is
sorely needed AS far as purchasing
power is concerned, the average salary Of
a professor today is at least 20 per cent
less than in 1889. In that sense, he runs
a poor second even to the unskilled
laborer, not to mention skilled workers
and members of the other professions.
Certainly, in such circumstances, our
higher institutions of learning are up
against it, and are suffering seriously as
a result, when they try to attract good
brains to their faculties. And on that
point Henry Ford II has offered a chal-
longing suggestion in declaring that "pri-
vate and corporate philanthropy can
make no better investment of it's re-
sources than in helping to strengthen
American education at its base-the
quality of its teaching"
1t is true that the Ford Foundation,
which may be worth as much as SO billion,
is in an exceptionally good position to
make such investments on grand scale.
But that does not detract in the slightest
from the fact that it has set superb
example Of how great wealth con be used
to benefit the whole of our American
society.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
"A Backward Look at Our Planet
By THOMAS R. HENRY

Two hundred million years
ago Boston was on the equa-
tor.
Then the equator ran
through Southern California,
West Texas, New England,
Gibraltar and the Kenya
colony of East Africa. This
would have been a belt around
the earth midway between the
North and South Poles. Then
they were about As degrees
away from their present posi-
tons.
This is the story told by
fossil magnets as interpreted
by DR.. j. w. Graham Of the
Department of Terrestrial
Magnetism of the Carnegie
Institution of Washington.
Fossil magnets are tiny bits
Of magnetic iron which at one
time were parts of some nearly
liquid-like muddy water in
which they were free to move.
They naturally would line up
with their ends pointing to
the two magnetic poles, like
the needle Of a compass. Then.
by various geological processes,
they we're incorporated into
rocks in which there was no
further freedom of movement.
II nothing had changed they
still would be pointing toward
the present north and the
present south. But they don't.
Sometimes the present north
ends (Which can be disting-
uished by their tilts) point
south and the south ends
north. They point, in fact, in
all sorts of directions.
Several Theories
There are several possible
explanations. When the phe-
nomenon first was discovered
by Carnegie Institution scien-
fists, there was advanced the
rather fantastic explanation
that rocks in the Alleghenies
in which the foSsiled magnets
had the same alignment as
would be expected in South
Africa actually were once a
part Of South Africa and had
come into their present posi-
ton through the drifting Of
continents. This hypothesis
largely had been abandoned.
A second explanation is that
the positions of the magnetic
poles. and hence of the mag
netic equator, have changed.
DR.. Graham has given par
ticular attention to this Sec
ond hypothesis and finds it
generally untenable. The poles
shift slightly from year to year
but they retain the same gen.
eral relation to the geographic
cal poles.
1T is interesting" he re-
ports" to consider the impli-
cation of the magnetic poles
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14

having once been In signi-
f1cantly different locations.
From two distinct lines Of ar
gument there Is Justification
for believing that the present.
day near coincidence of the
magnetic and geographic
axes straight lines through
the earth from pole to pole)
is not fortuitous. Studies In
rocks up to so million years
old locate the magnetic poles
In clusters about the geo.
graphic poles. Theoretical
studies of fluid motions in the
earth's core. where the mag
netic field is believed to have
its origin. indicates that the
earth's magnetic field when
observed over a long period
should be symmetrical about
the geographic axis.
Thus 1t seems reasonable to
believe that when these rocks
were magnetized the geogra-
phic axis was about As degrees
away from its present posi-
ton"
Interesting Possibility
There Is other evidence for
the shifting of the poles, or
for very violent breaking up
of continents and drifting of
continental masses. At one
time, for example, part Of Cen
trail Africa now on the equator
was covered with ice a mile
thick. At the same time, 1t is
postulated, the present Antarc-
tic continent may have been
thickly forested and almos:
tropical. This also could be ex-
planned by the drifting Of con-
tinental masses.
"An interesting possibility,
DR.. Graham says, els that the
earth's magnetic field has re-
versed-that is, that the north
and south magnetic poles have
changed positions. But this
possibility cannot be confirmed
solely on the basis Of observa-
tons Of the magnetization OF
rock samples. 1t is known that
in nature the direction of mag
netization of some specimens
under appropriate circum-
stances undergoes a spontane-
Gus self reversal Of direction.
The problem remains one Of
the most battling in the sub
ject Of rock magnetism"
Both American and British
rocks tell approximately the
same story. During the Trias-
sic geological era. about the
time of the appearance Of the
dinosaurs. the orientation Of
the poles was about as today.
But in the preceding Permian
era, before the appearance Of
the reptiles and In the time Of
giant toad-like creatures, the
geography Of the world must
have been quite different.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14

On November 26, The Star
published a letter from Will
liam Fire Thunder OF the
Oglala Sioux tribal council
which was concerned. in large
part, with the present policy
Of the Bureau Of Indian Affairs
governing issuance of fee pat
ents to competent Indian APP
plicants. Since Mr.. Fire Thun-
der's letter does not bring
out all the essential facts on
this matter and since there has
been considerable public mis-
understanding about the pol
ICY, l am taking this opportu-
nifty to clarity a number OF
basic points.
There are, broadly speaking,
two kinds OF Indian land held
In trust by the United States;
% Tribal Land, which is the
Joint property of all the mem
bers of a particular tribal
group, and co allotted land,
which belongs to individual
Indians. Since our fee-patent
policy has to do only with al
lotted land, tribal land need
not concern us here.
II the Indian owner of an al
lotment wishes to gain full
control of his property, free
of all Federal trust restric-
tions, one way he can accom-
plish this purpose is by ap-
plying for a fee patent. Under
the policy of the bureau.
which has been in effect for
many years, the most impor-
tant requirement for obtain
ing a fee patent has been a
showing by the Indian that he
is actually competent to man
age his own property. Prior to
last May 16, however, the bu-
reau also concerned itself with
the location of the allotment
and followed the general prac-
tice Of denying fee patents
even to admittedly competent
applicants II the land in ques-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

among them should be the in
junction not to overfeed.
The danger Of too much
food is on q par with not
enough.
The American people have
learned this in recent years.
with the result that the vogue
for reducing has assumed ma
jor status In the country's life.
Only a well-fed people run
such a danger.
The calory, as a heat meas
ure, has come into its own at
last. after several years of de-
cline, in which even experts
sneered at it. Not today!
Now the calory is on every
body's tongue. They find out,
after a while, that there are
Galleries and calories, that Q
protein calory is better for re-
ducing than a carbohydrate
calory, and that too many
will make you fat and keep
you fat.
Dogs and cats, fortunately
for them, know nothing about
Galleries. SO may eat with a
freedom unknown any more
among humans. The neces-
sary thing is that their friends
restrict them at the right time.
Too much food, and Of the
wrong kind, will cause them
and their owners much trouble
and upset.
Pet animals as Christmas
gifts are very popular. but the
proper feeding is another
story. and should go along
each time with the pet. Some
raw food is always necessary.
The animal hospitals are filled
with creatures suffering from
lack of proper nutrition. The
old belief that raw meat will
make animals wild, is just so
much hokum. A protein cal
DRY does not make anything
wild, 1t just helps to keep it
fit and full Of fun and spirit.
The resulting spirit must be
curbed. now and then, but it
cannot properly be called wild
ness.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
Moderate Man

In its issue of June q, 1855, News
week Magazine said this Of Majority
Leader Lyndon Johnson:
These days johnson throws every
thing he has into the leadership job
the stamina Of his 200-pound. e-feet,
3-inch physique. his political experience
and his persuasive gifts. He ordinarily
works through the evening with staff
which keeps him well briefed on legislative
issues as they arise and on the quirks Of
Senators Immediately concerned with
them. He accepts no social engagements
and spends what little time of he has with
his wife and their two young daughters.
Five days later the dynamic Texan
was cut down by severe heart attack.
1t looked for while as though his active
career in politics was over.
But Senator johnson has won his
battle. This week saw his temporary
return to Washington for a legislative
conference with the President, and it was
good to have him with us again. For the
esteem in which Senator Johnson is so
widely held goes beyond considerations Of
personal friendship and respect. In his
own words, he is moderate man."
man to whom moderation means "toler-
ance-a failure to embrace extremes, a
willingness to listen to the viewpoint of
others, and learn" Certainly there is no
necessity to dwell upon the need for such
a man, especially when he holds a place
of such high Importance on our political
stage.
The news reports of the White House
meeting do not tell us what Senator
Johnson said to the President, or what
the President said to Senator Johnson.
Nor do we need to know in order to be
certain of one thing. These men have
shared an experience which tends to put
things in proper perspective. The petty
triumphS of partisan politics cannot seem
of great Importance to one who has re-
turned from the dark valley which they
have visited. We may be sure that the
President and Majority Leader, though Of
opposing political faiths, will strive for
the common good as they see it in the
days ahead. And for that we may be
truly thankful.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
GA Site

l greatly appreciated the
fine article by George Ken
nedy about the ma sestic site
desired by Allen Dulles for his
Central Intelligence Agency.
Mr.. Kennedy makes it very
clear that here Is one of the
few remaining magnificent
sites left on our Potomac
River.
No one has greater respect
and admiration for Mr.. Dulles
than I. From all available in
forma ton it seems very clear
that Mr.. Dulles rendered this
country superior service during
World War II.
! think the collection, in
depreciation and evaluation of
information about enemies re-
quires extensive study of his
tory. culture, customs, philo-
sophical traditions and Ian
guageS, and this is today Of
highest Importance to us for
our survival.
But if Mr.. Dulles decides to
use the beautiful site on the
Potomac-building there edi-
fees costing millions, set in
a parklike area--the activities
of his agency would naturally
close out the general public
and this will not endear his
agency to the people of this
country. G. ID. C,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
Sticks With Stevenson

Frank r. Kent and others
rap Adlai Stevenson for some
thing that they would do we'll
to emulate. Middle of the
road" means the straight and
narrow path and moderation
belongs to every creature I'M
der the sun, but some had
rather take the broad road that
leads to destruction. Gov. Ste
venson is criticized if he does
and If he does not. If he tries
TO please everyone, he will
please no one, not. even him.
self.
Mr.. Stevenson is too good
for the average voter At this
time he is needed to calm our
troubled. confused people and
I. for one. consider Adlai
Stevenson the man Of the
hour.
Real Democrat.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
Junney Decision

On December Is the Board
of Education is supposed to
render a decision as to whether
approximately one-third acre
of the Janney School grounds
will be transferred to the D. c.
Public Library for a sorely
needed library branch.
While much has been said
and written about this. a single
issue is controlling: Will the
transfer deprive the Janney
students of needed play space?
The fact that this one-third
acre was not used for play
space prior to the transfer pro-
posal and no Janney student
was handicapped thereby. dem
onstrates that there is no need
of this property as play space.
Also, figures presented to the
Board of Education concern
ing more recently built District
schools. and disclosing the
space available. are most en-
tightening. OF Is schools built
from 1913 to date, only four
would have more square feet
of ground per student than
Janney after the transfer OF
the one third acre to the Ii
brary. and six OF said schools
would still have less than half
the number of square feet per
student as Janney. thus show
ing that ample play space
would remain at Janney.
Those who oppose the trans
fer of the Janney property
have raised other issues, such
as parking facilities. but such
issues are inconsequential or
authoritatively disproved. AS
to parking, for example. ma
tional library authorities state
that parking facilities are not
essential. However, these au-
thoritieS state that library To-
cation requirements are that
the library should be in a
shopping center. public trans
portation should be available,
etc, all requirements being
met by the portion OF the
Janney grounds at Wisconsin
avenue and Albemarle street.
The above matters and
others equally supported by
sound reasoning, favoring the
transfer of this one-third acre
Of the Janney grounds to the
D. C Public Library, have
been presented to the Board
of Education.
Upon weighing all the facts
and evidence presented. IT
thus appears that transfer OF
the ground in question to the
ID. C. Public Library should be
accomplished.
Robert c. RiordOn.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14

Governments designated advisers on
fiscal affairs.
He will continue to be what he has
always been, a very busy man. One of
the reasons that he is the recipient of so
many congratulations on the changes
being made at Riggs Bank is that they
come from so many friends who have
found from personal experience that no
matter how busy he may be, he has been
able to find the time for thoughtful
kindnesses to others-the result of an
instinctively generous character.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14

o. E. c. Of Falls Church, Va,
has got herself a new dog, and
feels better. after the loss Of
q faithful old friend.
lone Saturday afternoon"
she writes. two children were
exercising him in the yard, and
asked me if they could take
him into the woods.
II consented reluctantly.
They returned in half an hour.
and admitted they were lost,
but Fax showed them the way
back. His traditional sense
of smell saved the day"
Dogs have this wonderful
sense for good purposes.
Most Of it is utilized for
seeming out food.
A dog going along the street
can smell the cats salmon
dinner on the back porch. He
probably could smell 1t q block
away.
Dogs sometimes get into
yards and tear down clothes on
the line.
They carry away hats put
out to sun, and slippers they
love beyond anything.
Puppies are the great Offend
ers in this neighborhood de-
struction.
The only remedy is to be on
the watch.
1t does no particular good to
be angry with them.
A nice pup does not know
the difference between q fancy
nylon curtain on the line and
an old rag it happens to find
in the street.
All animals are destructive.
and the better they feel, the
worse they are. from a human
viewpoint.
= The friend of animals will
take in poor little kitten, half
starved and afraid of its
shadow.
At first it creeps up for a
petting, and loves to perch in
ones lap for the warmth and
protection.
After a week. it feels better,
and starts to frisk around.
At the end Of two weeks, it
refuses to be petted much, and
will slap at the hand that tries
it.
The helper of animals
should not resent this, but re-
gard it as a mark of success
in what he is trying to do.
The chain of life is one.
Children properly fed, with
plenty Of protein, vitaminS
and minerals, well clothed and
reasonably clean. will run and
shout, and that is what every
one wants them to do, al
though at times they become
quite weariSome to listen to.
Small animals respond in
exactly the same fashion to
good food and proper care.
The dog and the cat, the
universal favorites, need the
right foods, and in proper
quantities, but there is always
the chance of overlooking.
Experiments have shown
that too much food is not
good. for animals or people;
that lean animals have a bet
ter chance of long life.
1t all goes back to the old
folk-saying, "A lean horse for
a long race"
Even fish in an aquarium,
a popular Christmas gift, need
the right foods. 1t is always
expedient, in making such a
present, to include instruc-
tions in feeding. and certainly
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
Jesus and His Times

have been thrilled by the
series Jesus and His Times"
from the book of Henry
Daniel-Rops. They are superbly
written and very Informative.
l have travelled the length of
Palestine by automobile, and
have read the Bible through
IS times. so most of the places
named are familiar. And l
especially like the historical
backgrounds. which give an
idea of conditions existing in
Palestine at the time of Christ.
The Star is to be COM
mended for making the articles
available to so many who
otherwise would not hear of
them.
T. Russell Hungerford.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
Poets Credo

Poetry is the golden grain
Cleaned from the fields OF
thought,
Its seed is truth. and its sun
and. rain
Emotions that life has
wrought.
When the golden grain Is filled
and ripe,
The poets singing pen
Gathers the harvest into type
As he oipeS the gain to men.
Alfred LeIond Mooney
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
ton was part Of a timber or
grazing unit.

ton was part Of a timber or
grazing unit.
Under present policy the
bureau no longer denies fee
patent applications for this
reason. In other words, We
believe that if an Indian has
demonstrated his competence
and seeks unrestricted control
of his property, then he should
not be denied this right merely
because he happens to be an
Indian and because his land
happens to be part Of a timber
or grazing unit.
At the same time. however,
the bureau is fully aware of its
responsibilities for unpatented
Indian lands remaining in
trust. We recognize that prob
lens will occasionally arise
when Indian owners apply for
fee patents on key tracts" in
timber or grazing areas; in
some cases water holes or &C
cess to timber, for example,
may be involved. In all such
situations the bureau will take
the initiative in consulting
with the Indians whose hold
ings would be affected and will
assist them in working out So
lutions. We firmly believe that
all problems of this type can
be fairly and equitably resolved
in one way or another.
I hope that this letter will
help in clarifying the issues
and principles which are &C
tually involved in the bureaus
present fee-patent policy.
Glenn L. EmmonS,
Commissioner. Bureau of
Indian Affairs.