davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-05-01
VIRGINIA.:
BY ALEX r.. PRESTON

Unheralded recently was
adoption by the State Board of
Education of a new form of
teacher contract that permits
termination of service on 80
days notice.
Ostensibly it was approved so
local boards could let teachers
go when unanticipated de-
creases occur in classroom en-
rollment "in areas near military
establishments"
But two top education Of
ficials may have let the cat out
of the bag when they admitted
that the new clause could be
invoked if there is a sudden
drop in attendance due to
forced integration Of whites
and Negroes in public schools.
Heretofore, teachers in most
areas have been employed on a
nine or 10-month basis and in
q few cases for a full year with
renewal of contracts coming up
annually.
Coming as it does at time
when there is a great hue and
cry about teacher shortages
throughout Virginia, the lat
est action by the State board
probably will contribute little
toward assurances of job Sc
curity for those young men
and women considering max
ing a profession.
LeeoI Remedy Sought
It was partly in recognition
of a feeling of insecurity
among teachers that a legisla-
tive attempt was made in re-
cent years to remedy the stu
alton.
In the 1850 General Assem-
bly,. State Senator Charles r.
Fenwick of Arlington offered
a bill providing for teacher
tenure-something like per-
manent contract between
teacher and local school board.
The best he could do, how
ever, was to obtain passage
of legislation authorizing the
boards to enter into "continu-
ing contracts; that is, agree
ments that are automatically
renewed each year.
Subsequent to 1850, Arling-
ton and Fairfax Counties
adopted the continuing con-
tract to provide a measure of
job security.
Foirfox Omits Clause
Fairfax Director of Person.
mel Charles w. Weisinger says,
I'VE have accepted the con-
tract of the State board but
have excepted the 30-day pro-
vision from our continuing
contract"
In Arlington. Charles j.
Walsh, assistant superintend-
ent in charge of personnel.
says his county Is exempted
from the new clause because
the State has approved use of
the continuing contract there.
In both counties, however,
the new 30-day provision will
apply for the first three-year
probationary period during
Evening star., 1955-06-15
Reasonable COMPROMISE

Since the compromise rs per cent
classified pay raise proposed by the House
Civil Service Committee is only fraction
of per cent higher than the increase
which President Eisenhower has indicated
he would approve. the outlook for early
settlement of the long pay fight is bright.
There have been compromises on both
sides of the controversy. The admins
tration at first recommended per cent
raise, but elevated its sights after the
Senate passed 10 per cent bill. With
enactment of an per cent increase for
postal workers, classified employees
pressed for a like percentage (although
2 per cent of the postal boost represented
reclassiflcation benefits).
The House committee finally decided
to split the difference between the per
cent which the administration said was
acceptable and the per cent advocated
by Representative Broyhill and other
friends of Federal employees. Under the
circumstances, the compromise is rea-
sonable one. If the House approves it
and the Senate, realizing the futility of
insisting on 10 per cent raise, instructS
It's conferees to concur, classified workers
will be virtually assured of higher pay
this year. For there has been no hint
of another presidential veto.
Evening star., 1955-06-15
TrioI-ond-Error Test

Today's dramatic Operation Alert for
selected Government personnel is a
necessary preparedness experiment in
this uneasy age of nuclear weapons. The
tfial-and -error testing of run-and-hide
precautions in peacetime is no more fan
taStic than some of the threats to civili-
cation posed by new developments in
scientific warfare. Civil defense author
tiles would be renliss If they failed to
make definite plans to meet such threats
and to test those plans in such an exer-
else ais the high h-level-off1cialdom evacua-
tion Of Washington this afternoon.
Only $4,000 key officials and employees
of Federal departments and agencies are
participating in the three-day test With
President Eisenhower and members of his
cabinet leading the exodus, the serious
import Of the undertaking is evident.
Government officials are setting stand
ard of compliance with civil defense
measures that should help to impress
citizens generally with the urgency of
cooperating in the general program. CO.
operation may entail inconvenience and
annoyances from time to time, but who
can say that the time and trouble in
volved will turn out to have been wasted?
Better to risk waste of effort than to risk
the grim penalties of apathy and of
imprudence.
Evening star., 1955-06-15

reduce or eliminate State benefits. Unless
these rulings are obtained before June /,
1857, "the Qabor management plan will
terminate as of that date" In New York,
a court ruling has authorized simulta-
neous public and private unemployment
payments. Similar overlapping pay
ments have been permitted in Pennsyl-
vania by administrative ruling. But a
Commerce Clearing House survey indi-
Gates that public benefits in at least 26
States would be reduced or eliminated
If private-plan benefits also are paid. It
seems clear, then, that legal clari1cation
or possibly new legislation-will be
needed to establish the permanency Of
this form of contract.
It is quite probable that these ques-
tions will be resolved in a way to permit
application of both the public and private
unemployment benefit plans. But as
management spokesmen have said, 1t may
take good part of the contract period
to establish this condition as well as to
test the economic feasibility of the new
formula.
Evening star., 1955-06-15
CAV Facing Tests

The pattern of the guaranteed an
nual wage-or, more properly, of sup
Elemental unemployment compensation
benefts-apparently has been estab-
lished now in the automobile industry.
The trail-blazing contract between the
United Automobile Workers and the Ford
Motor Company has been followed by
a comparable settlement with General
Motors. In some form or other depend
ing mostly perhaps upon what the union
asks, other companies in the industry
will be forced to agree to similar labor
pacts.
Significantly, there has been note
of reservation voiced both by Ford and
General Motors in hailing the signature
of their new contracts. A Ford spokes-
man remarked that the three-year life
of the contract will provide time for
''testing the plan" A General Motors
spokesman remarked that the plan as
incorporated in its three-year agreement
will require some time to fully appraise."
Whatever the final verdict, as tested
by time, some valid questions arise in the
wake OF this new form of labor manage
ment contract. The automobile industry
Goes not happen Dy HleIe CAdHcS W DC tLie
pioneer in this type of agreement. 1t
= was chosen deliberately by labor for sew
eral reasons: 1t is currently prosperous
industry, and key one in the national
economy; the foremost companies in it,
particularly Ford and General Motors,
have SUFFICIENT resources to be able to
afford the period Of experimentation it
offers hope for year-round- production
planning, rather than seasonal opera
ton marked by high employment during
one period and low employment during
another. With these advantages, man
agement now has the principal response
bility of adjusting it's operations to the
requirements of the new contracts.
There are, however, other questions
one of the first being that of reconciling
labor management unemployment COM
pensation plan with existing State sys-
TENS. The Ford contract, for example,
calls for official rulings that payment of
private unemployment benefits shall not
Evening star., 1955-06-15
Shot at D. {. Officials

I would like to thank the
District Health Department for
generously depriving around
5000 first and second grade
school children in the District
Of the right to be free from
the menancing threat of polio.
They are going to deny our
children polio incubation If
they are unable to acquire an
adequate supply of the vaccine
within 10 days. Why? Because
they haven't bothered to devise
any system at all to administer
the vaccine to our kids after
school is out, June 16. Why
must Washington stop its pro-
gram while hundreds Of other
cities. towns and communities
are continuing to save lives,
save the misery, and save the
paralyZation Of polio by extend
ing their programs? How many
OF these boys and girls will
have to die or become para
lyzed because this narrow
sighted committee has failed
to act? Will one of them be
yours? Or mine?
The United States Health
Department has urged that the
polio vaccination program con-
tinue. Who are these men to
say whether our sons or daugh-
ters can or cannot be spared
from polio? Someone ought to
remind this committee that
they are not dealing In dollars
or cents, but with life or death.
For the safety of our chill
dren. polio tnoculation must
continual ID. h. Brown.
Evening star., 1955-06-15
Matter of Morals

I beg the hospitality of your
columns to comment upon a
matter which has appeared in
the press recently and which I
think has devastating impli-
cations in its effect upon our
youth.
1t is well established that
the terrifically high juvenile
delinquency rate is caused
largely by a moral breakdown
in most levels of society.
At its recent meeting in
Washington, the previously
distinguished and most ef-
fective American Law Insti-
tute voted by majority that
adultery should not be a statu-
tory crime and recommended
it, be eliminated from the
model penal code. I feel many
people, especially younger ones.
are not aware of or the least
bit interested in the legal
technicalities which prompted
this action and will accept it
as encouragement.
But the institute went even
further in recommending-but
by a less impressive vote-that
sodomy or homosexual be-
havior should be included in
the code only when force or
adult corruption OF. minors or
public offense are involved.
Commercially, one great Fed
eral jurist opposed the argu-
ment that private homosexu-
ality should not be against the
law merely because the law.
pragmatically, cannot stop it.
He stated properly: There
are many things denounced by
the criminal code in order that
society may know the state
disapproves. But an even
better known jurist stated
and his opinion prevailed: II
think sodomy is a matter Of
morals, a matter very largely
of taste, and it Is not a matter
that people should be put in
prison about"
Where is America bound If
such q line Of paganistic
thinking Is to be accepted?
Are morals fashions to change
like hats?
Will not someone with more
power and authority than I
speak out loudly and strongly
against this action of the insti-
tute? I am q lawyer by pro-
fession-but I also have seen
the truly damning effects Of
such things as this on our
young people.
! don't think I would be ask
ing too much to suggest the
Attorney General. the Chief
Justice and the President
speak out on these actions. I
refuse to believe they would
approve them.
Clark Schilder.
Evening star., 1955-06-15
A Drug for Badness?

The American Medical Association.
which has just ended its annual meeting
at Atlantic City, has received evidence
suggesting that chlorpromazine- tran
QUILTING drug-may be full of great
promise as a weapon against juvenile
delinquency. Some impressive corrective
work has been accomplished with it thus
far among group of As very tough prob
lem children. A typical case is that of
l2-year-old Jackie. Not long ago he
was holy terror-sullen, destructive,
truculent, exceedingly backward in school,
and an all-around bad boy addicted to
vandalism, lying, stealing, cursing, kick
ing, screaming, biting and scratching.
But today, relatively speaking, he is good
to the point of being almost angelic.
This remarkable transformation, &C
cording to the ANA report, has taken
place as a result Of treatments with
chlorpromazine followed by psychother-
apy. Perhaps 1t is too much to hope
that the drug can be used as effectively
on most juvenile delinquents as it has
been on Jackie and others in the expert
mental group. But the age we live in,
even though 1t sometimes seems to be
possessed by the devil and dominated
by generation of vipers, is truly
learned and wondrous one, and science
conceivably may yet develop pills or vac
cines potent enough not only to make
all bad teen-agers good but also to elm
mate adult hoodlumism of the sort that
could lead to understanding atomic
hydrogen war. Anyhow. in these troubled
times, what harm can 1t do to dream
dreams along this line?
Evening star., 1955-06-15

@. What amount of food
does the average American
consume in a year?--J. T.
A. In good years, Americans
buy food at retail at the aver
age rate of about 1850 pounds
for each person.
@. When was lace first
made?-N. P.
A. The origin Of lace is OBJ
scure, and no date can be
given. The earliest laces we're
made by nuns and monks for
the exclusive use of the
church, but by the middle of
the 18th century European
aristocracy had succumbed to
it's charm and peasants were
learning to make 1t in convent
schools. Lace was soon used
in every conceivable manner
on clothing. on linens, and on
other household wares. One
Of the most original applica-
tions Of lace was devised IN
Evening star., 1955-06-15
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Man Created by Winter
By THOMAS r. HENRY

accustomed to the cold. One
was closely observed through
the second winter. when tenn
peratures were frequently be-
tween freezing and zero. She
showed great vigor and no
respiratory troubles. More dis
comfort was shown during the
summer; when the temperature
was near 100 F. the animals
preferred to remain in the
shade. -
1.-THE results suggest that the
adrenals are involved in the
resistance of animals to the
pull or stress of gravity. Pro-
gression to an erect position
leads to greater development
of blood vessels supplying the
head regions and probably the
brain. AS more blood was
pumped to the brain the circu-
latory system of the head be-
came more highly developed,
which in turn opened the way
to greater growth and differ
entiation of the brain.
AdrenaI Hormone Potent
DR.. Britton's researches also
have led to the discovery that
the adrenal hormone cortisone
is probably the most potent
factor in keeping this upright
position. He brought one fe-
male chimpanzee to Virginia
where she was kept on a small
wooded island in an artificial
lake near his home. Because
chimps do not swim, she could
not get away. DR.. Britton OBJ
served that she always went in-
to an upright position after
her first few contacts with
snow. But when a sudden
thaw caused the snow to melt,
she continued upright for some !,
time before dropping on all
fours again. The snow was a
physical handicap which got
in the animals way. Her body
got wet underneath. Her fore 4.
paws and hands got wet or cold
and made tree climbing more /,
difficult.
1--WE do not know when man
began branching off from the
primate stock" DR.. Britton
says, "but we do know that
during the period of his great
est differentiation the earth
went through several glacial
periods and the perpetual !,
snowline came down within q
few miles of the Equator.
''If snow can make Chin
panzee walk upright, it is safe
to assume that it would have
done the same thing to men,
or to the proman types then
developing"
Evening star., 1955-06-15
Makes Sport of Writers

When ! was a little boy. I
had the true-blue American
attitude. I wanted to be a big
league ballplayer. But as I
grew older and began to strike
out with more and more fire.
quency. T adapted my ambi-
tions to more closely fit my
practical possibilities and de-
cided that the best life for
me would be that OF a sports
writer.
I have been a sports writer
for only brief periods and in
modest circumstances, but
what I have seen and heard
of the life of the sports writer
makes me certain that here
indeed is mans highest full
flllment.
Where else is poetic license
so literally employed? Where
else is it possible to write on
any subject in the world, just
SO at the end you tie it in with
some current sporting event?
But more to the point,
where else would it be pos
sible to write endless columns
on the need for q trade, on
the stupidity and shortsight-
edness of the clubs manage
ment in not making q trade.
on the fact that the club is
going nowhere with the per-
sonnel at hand - no matter
how popular with fans. and
sports writers-and then to
turn right around with right
eous indignation and blast the
club management for making
a trade?
Ball players may be wrong,
managers may be wrong, own
ers may be wrong, announcers
may be wrong, broadcast
sponsors may be wrong, but
sports writer's are never wrong.
Just for a change. I would like
to read q second baseman's
Evening star., 1955-06-15

ton often asked him, he must
consider his record. It isn't
very good; in fact, it certainly
doesn't qualify him for an
other term in the White House.
During his cam aig n
speeches in 1852 he did q lot
of empty talking about econ
omy, budget balancing, peace,
prosperity. a strong foreign
policy, and getting rid Of the
"commieS" In Government.
Taxes are high, as usual.
except for the big corpora
tions. With q big corporation
administration It is pretty
hard to expect anything else
from the Eisenhower admin
istration. With the change in
1852 we went from pro-com-
munism to pro-corporationism.
No, Gen. Eisenhower and his
cronies don't deserve another
term.
Tom Coll.
Evening star., 1955-06-15
Remembering
How to Sing

Before you came I wandered
like a iDrGith
Along the steep and arid DGy
OF lDar,
Feeling no stir OF hope, no
pulse of faith;
Resenting each neU need to
tDin, to score
Fresh Dictory. MY eyes Dere
dull tDith tears
Until you marched beside me
dot0n that road 80.
You Gained my doubts. you
shared the ,Deight of fears,
You smiled at me, and lifted
all my loadl
The World is right again. Now
each S1Dift daDn.
Seen through your eyes,
rides birds soft-teGthered
tDing--
Each >starlit Twilight. like a
dappted f1,pn.
Seeks Mother Night. Re-
ntemberin0 hoiD to sing,
I feGUe you notD to 90 that
pdthless tDdy--
KnoWing a lope that death
cannot betrGy!
Mduda Rubin
Evening star., 1955-06-15
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

The legs were always getting
in the way of ones feet, and
the confounded device never
would open right, so that fin
ally the book was kept open
all the time.
Despite the plain difficulty
of using such a monster, there
is nothing to take the place of
the unabridged.
Some day, some enterprising
publisher is going to put one
out with really monster type
to go with a big book.
Then a great many people
will read the dictionary for
pleasure.
Hitherto. the man who
claimed he read the un-'
abridged dictionary for fun
was looked upon as a mild
egghead. (Egghead, by the
way, is not in our largest un-
abridged! 1t will be, somedayo
But there is a great deal Of
pleasure for the studious per-
son in reading a little in the
dictionary every day.
Just a few words, and prob
ably he will forget them all,
except two or three, and these
will be worth 1t.
Tetragrammaton, for in
stance. Everybody ought to-
know what that big one means.
There is sheer reading pleas
ure in a large dictionary. If
one gets up enough mental
speed to really want to find
out about words. It is said that
most people get along very
we'll in the everyday life with
1000 words, and that excep-
tionally intelligent people, in
cluding executives. use some
5000 words, but there are 400.-
900 or so in the large die
tionaries. 1t appalls the honest
seeker after wisdom to think
of them all. The happy fact is
that most of them are not used
except when needed, and this
need depends upon such a
variety of things that no one.
positively no one, will ever
need them all, or even part Of
all. This is a happy thing to
keep in mind, and will excuse
us all If we use the same old
world over and over again.
After all, the famous 5000 are
very good words! And now we
have added "tetragrammaton,"
so we have eight thousand and
one. Will wonders ever cease?
Evening star., 1955-06-15

Winter SHOWS may have
been an important factor in
the evolution of the human
brain by forcing some apelike
ancestor to walk upright
This is the conclusion of
DR.. Sydney w. Britton, former
University of Virginia 'physi-
ologist, from studies of CHM
panzees. These include 80
months Of continuous research
in Nigeria, native habitat of
the great apes, and additional
studies in England and Vir-
ginia.
Mans greatest brain devel-
opment came when he started
to walk upright, DR.. Britton
says. The adrenal glands are
an important factor in en-
abling chimpanzees, balloons
and other monkeys to remain
upright for several hours at a
time, and cold weather appar-
emily stimulates the adrenal
secretions. This was indicated
by the behavior of chimpanzees
raised in the foothills of the
Virginia mountains.
"On the ground they nor
mally travelled on all fours,"
DR.. Britton explains. But they
stood upright when they were
excited or wanted to look
around and they walked on
their hind feet over rough, wet,
icy and especially snow
covered ground"
Chimps on Tables
DR.. Britton discovered that
when held loosely on a tilt
table the chimpanzees could
remain upright about eight
hours. Toward the end of
this period. however, he OBJ
served losses of reflex action,
decreases in blood pressure,
signs of a lowering output
from the adrenal gland cor
tex. and finally unconscious
ness. One chimpanzee from
which the adrenals were re-
moved could remain upright
only about an hour during the
week of the operation, and
after that only 30 minutes, al
though the animal appeared
generally in good condition.
Heavy doses of extract from
the cortex, however, eventually
completely restored the ability
to stand.
1.-TWO animals were gradu-
ally exposed to the increasing
cold winter. and temperatures
as low as IL F. were well toll
Grated by both," DR.. Britton
found. They shivered early
in the season but soon became
Evening star., 1955-06-15

France, where at one time 1t
was the custom to receive
callers while reclining In a
bathtub decorated with row
upon row of delicate lace TO
serve as camouf1age.
@. Who is the heir to the
throne Of Greece?-L. w.
A. The Crown Prince Con-
stantine, who has been named
Duke Of Sparta. The only son
Of King Paul and Queen Fred
erika, he is Is years of age.
@. Is the Canadian Post Of
fee using electronic methods
for sorting mail?--R. Mob.
A. An electronic device is
being tried out and the expert.
ment has reused keen interest.
Authorities report that a
larger model of this device is
believed to be capable of sort
ing upwards Of 10000 letters
an hour.
Evening star., 1955-06-15
ALife-Soyers
Tom Coll.

I want to publicly commend
the efficiency of the Arlington
County Fire and NDlice De-
partments. About 3 am. Sat-
urday, June T. my young
daughter Cynthia had to be
rushed to the hospital. Rescue
Squad No. 5 of the Jefferson
Volunteer Fire Department, to-
gether with policemen, an
swered our call within five
minutes, and ! believe their
promptness saved her life. This
teamwork between paid work
ers and volunteers is worthy of
recognition. I shall always be
grateful for their willingness
and promptness in coming to
our rescue at such an hour.
Gladys Craig.