davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-06-06
At the Soviet Summit?

One of the more interesting side
lights of the Kremlin'S eight-day mission
to Yugoslavia is the fact that Nikita
KhruShchev has been the star of the
show while Premier Nikolai Bulganin has
played only a secondary supporting role.
OF course, this may not be matter of
great significance, but it at least serves
as useful reminder that title alone is
not to be viewed as rejecting a mans
actual position or place of power in the
Soviet hierarchy.
Thus, by virtue of his office, Marshal
Bulganin is supposed to be the governing
head of the USSR, and hence equipped
to speak with top authority for his coun-
try at the projected Big Four meeting "at
the summit" But there is ample reason
to doubt that this is his true status.
Certainly, if it were, he would not have
played second fiddle during his visit to
Yugoslavia. Nor would he have occupied
the subordinate spot given him in most
of the news pictures taken of the visiting
Soviet bigWigS at Belgrade and elsewhere
Nor would Mr.. Khrushchev-the talka-
tive boss of the Russian Communist
Party-have acted as the Kremlin's chief
apologist and spokesman in the negotia-
tionS with President Tito.
Clearly, if appearances mean any,
thing, all this strongly suggests that Mr..
Khrushchev-even though he holds no
formal post in the Moscow government
is superior in authority to Marshal Bull
ganin. Yet the probability is that he still
is far short of commanding the summit"
of personal power in Russia. Actually,
the indications are that he is but one Of
several Soviet leaders competing to attain
that height, and some of them-including
conceivably Mr.. Khrushchev himself
may well fall in the process, just as in
the case of former Premier Malenkov and
the liquidated Lavrenti Beria Mean
while, lacking Stain in firm control, the
Kremlin is functioning through what
seems to be makeshift system of "col-
lective leadership" or rule by committee
"a multiheaded dictatorship in which
no one figure is dominant.
In such circumstances, there is some
reason to ask whether the Russian Pre-
mier will really represent the summit"
of his country'S authority when he meets
with the Western Big Three on heads
of-government level. Quite obviously, If
he is a mere figurehead or one of a group
of rivals vying for Stalinlike power in
Russia, his part in gathering of that
sort-together with any commitments he
may purport to make-will have to be
viewed with caution and reservation. 4
Evening star., 1955-06-06
OGDEN STREET.

Dear Sir: ,
II wonder whether anyone
could appreciate and enjoy
your writings as much as I do?
Especially do I value your
writing on birds, and I'm ap-
pealing to you now to tell me
the name of some book that
will describe the songs Of birds.
II live not far from Rock
Greek park, where birds come
over to the rose gardens and
back yards.
"They are hidden from sight
by the leafy trees and bushes.
and I can know them only
through knowing their songs.
"Is this possible?
"Appreciatively. B. w. G."
1t is possible, but difficult.
There is no substitute for
both seeing and hearing the
birds.
1t is often possible to see
them by Turing them with food.
Again, one often Is able to
see more of them than he
thinks, at first. simply by
watching carefully.
A Maryland yellow throat,
wearing a neat black mask,
may look out from a shrub.
but you have to watch closely.
He seldom comes out in plain
view.
Again. there is no real sub
stitute for hearing the songs
while looking at the birds, but
surely much may be gained by
first learning something about
the songs.
Actually, the best way to
hear bird songs is in the COM
pany of some one who knows
them.
There are books and records,
of course.
The latest record is long
play, and the book it comes in
is called "Soundbook."
There are several straight
books on bird songs. but they
are difficult to handle" unless
you know the songs. Which is
just another way of saying they
are hard to handle.
Then there is Field Book
of Wild Birds and Their
Music" by F. Schuyler Ma
thews, put out by Putnam, in
their field book series.
If one faithfully played the
songs on either the piano and
or violin, until thoroughly ae-
quainted with them, such a
book might be Of help to people
like our kind correspondent.
Aretas A. Saunders published
in 1851 a revised and enlarged
edition of his "A Guide to
Bird Songs" in which the
songs are described in dia-
grams. not musical notes. This
is a Doubleday book. It is an
interesting work, but we do
not feel that it would teach
you much If you don't know
the songs fairly well to begin
with.
WISCONSIN AVENUE.
"Dear Sir:
eve have wood thrushes
singing in the wooded resi-
dental area north Of Washing
ton Cathedral and east Of
Wisconsin avenue.
"The same area also has
melanistic squirrels. Il learned
this term for these handsome
black fellows from reading
your column)
"Can you tell me the name
Evening star., 1955-06-06
Bow Gets oCurtsy

On May 28,. The Star pub
lished a letter from Walter B.
Smalley, commencing Dorothy
Thompson's article of May 20,
on the futility of war, and her
general insight into the basic
philosophical issues of our in
FAINT atomic age"
would like to add my voice
to that of Mr., Smalley, in
praise of Miss Thompson. She
is outstanding in her grasp OF
the moral issues which, to me,
are all-important. No nation
can fiout the fundamental
moral principles without reap
ing the consequences.
Agreeing with Mr.. Smalley
that her column of May 20 will
bear repetition. I quote: Life
in a warless world, therefore.
presents problems cosmic in
their significance and stretch
ing far beyond such matters
as economic production and
distribution. 1t involves moth
ing less than the creation of a
new type of man."
Mr.. Smalley, also, is deserv-
ing of commentator in being
able to appreciate such wis
dom. He ponders, very gener-
ously, the question whether
sit may not be in the cards OF
destiny for women to lead the
world out of the wilderness"
since perhaps. they are get
ting tired of waiting for men
to lead the way"
Mr.. Smalley's letter was cap
toned Bows to Miss Thomp-
son." and it seems to me that
Mr.. Smalley, himself, is due a
curtsy from women in gen.
eral. Sue N. POstOn.
Evening star., 1955-06-06
Islands Solution?

I suggest that the United
States turn over China's Off
shore islands to either the
United Nations or the Red
Chinese as a supreme gesture
of our sincere desire for peace.
This course would allow us to
make much face" in the
Orient. We could then demand
that Red China show her sin
Evening star., 1955-06-06

back together as a temporary
attraction. But, alas, when the
showpeople left. the logs were
taken away and burned as fire.,
wood. That was the end of
the Crockett home in Weakley
County, Tenn, where he lived
when he left for the Alamo.
Mr.. Ward published a story Of
mine, headed "Davy Crock
ett's Cabin Burned as Fire
wood"
So it appears that Mr.. Ward
deserves the creditor blame
if you prefer-for much of the
renewed interest in Davy.
E. Harry Alexander.
Evening star., 1955-06-06
By THE HAsKIN SERVICE

@. What organization spon-
sors Fathers Day?-J. M.
A. National Fathers Day
Committee. The date in 1865
is Sunday. June 10 and the
official flower is the rose-red
for a living father and white
for one who has died.
@. What fee is charged Tor
allowing cattle and sheep to
Craze on forest land owned by
the Federal Government
j. B. l..
A. For the national forests
as a whole, the average 1855
rates are 81 cents per head per
month for cattle and 0 cents
per head per month for sheep.
Evening star., 1955-06-06
stepping Stones"

cerity by a similar deed. such
as releasing the Jailed flyers.
]. E. M.
Piecemeal surrender of Free
China by the United States
must stop if our real allies and
potential allies in the Far East
are to keep heart.
Life is cheap in China. If
we want free Asians to fight
our battles there, we must
show them Uncle Sam is no
paper tiger.
Incidentally. The Star again
deserves congratulations for
carrying divergent viewpoints
on world developments-i.e.,
Lawrence and FleeSon.
C. J. B.
Evening star., 1955-06-06
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used 1t
letters carry tDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to conden-
Sution.
Evening star., 1955-06-06
Questions and Answers

4 reader can get an answer ~ mail
TO any factusl question BY writing
The evening star Information Bu.
reau, 1900 Eye Bt. NV, Washington.
8. D c. Please fnelese 3 cents fer
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-07-08

Ton level officials Of the four major powers
will meet July i8 AT Geneva. That such meeting
is being held is encouraging To a world SICK oi
cold wars" AT least international leaders 'are
going through the appearances Of trying to prevent
war and weary people everywhere are grateful.
The meeting at Geneva can be an important
one With the new and somewhat mysterious att-
tude of the Russians there is hope that something
NAV be accomplished. Until the present pleasant
temper Of the Sovicts is explained, diplomats Will
do we'll to he on guard. This is not like the Rus
slams as welcome As it may seem to be. Perhaps
the best protection against any tricks by Butgann
and companv is the weil-f0unded conviction which
the free world nov has Of never trusting the Reds
In this regard il is good to know that American
representatives are going TO the conference with
no hlgh hopes. But they willing to have part
in the hope that every effort toward understand
ING can also he an effort toward peace.
What Of the little men left at home in all Of
the biz four nations? and of the millions more
of other nations bound TO be effected by what
these powers do2 No one will deny that all these
people want peace: and with some understanding OF
one another there are very few of them that would
entertain thoughts Of war toward their feHowman.
perhaps the greatest asset Geneva could have would
be the outpourng of prayer 10 Almighty God from
the throats nf these millions of common people
that He enlighten and encourage the conerees that
they might work harmoniously for an honest and
lust peace Americans especially will pray that
there bc no more Yatas or Posdams. Too many
treaties signed by Russians have been mere scraps
Of paper Honesty is needed, not only in deitbera-
tions and in solemniy signed agreements, but IN
actions Peace is the fruit of Justice
II is still time to pray for peace.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-07-08

That was sorry and ignorant letter signed
by A Public School Teacher published IN the
Columbus Citizen this week II was entirely out of
place To give space to such prejudice and dlvisve-
ness and to do 1t on independence Day!
Perhaps the writer was not public school teach
er # is hoped not If so the teacher could not
be worthy Of his profession for the letter is over
flowing with bigotry and ignorance Just the con,
cudinc sentence is sufficient evidence of this. For
10 say thai Paul Blanchard's book American Free
dom and Catholic Power" is authoritative and
authenticated by numerous Catholic and Protestant
publications. is evidence of the rankest ignorance.
Such a statement is 'ust not true.
To accuse the Catholic people of preventing
the Federal Government Of granting aid to public
education is also proven untrWh. More IN Keep,
ing with facts would be a statement that some
educators have prevented Catholic taxpayers from
getting any Federal aid for their children for the
simple reason that those taxpayers happen to be
Catholics There is no other reason. But as yet
no one has up to say that in justice that Ca
tholic taxpayer ought to be exempt from paying
taxes when he gets such treatment
Until il becomes known that "A Public School
Teacher" is not a public school teacher II must he
expected that proper officials of 6af public school
system disavow this inflammatoy and dlvisive
letter which the Coinnbus Citizen has seen fit to
print
We Catholics must remind "A Public school
Teacher" that the public schools are ours also, and
We are intensely interested in their welfare There
are plenty Of evidences Of that interest shown in act
and not in words only The friendly relations here
in Ohio and in Columbus between the public school
officials and Catholic educators Is made more trying
by such outbursts this letter.
Again we confidently expect the letter to he
answered by many Of our good and capable public
school teachers and officials
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-07-08

More than ouce during the ecclesiastical year.
the Church proClalms the message that Is illuSuat
ed by the Gospel of Sundays Mass--thc message of
Christs concern for the physical welfare ct His
followers 4 have compassion on the crowd lie
said for they have now been with me three days
and have nothing TO eat" And His compassion led
Him 10 miracuousy multiply a small quantity of
bread and a few fshes-the only food on hand
that the thousands in the crowd were fed just as
HIS solicudc for souls caused Him TO leave IN
the world the means of satisfying the need of men
for spiritual nourishmcnt
The crowd that was with Him that day had come
10 hear His words of instruction and guidance; It
was the hunger OF their souls for truth that brought
them t0 His feet. they were willing, indeed TO for
get their bodily hunger in view of the deep, soul
satisfying effect of His words. Yet He did not forget
that they were human. with inescapable human
needs, and he rewarded them miracuouSly, for hav-
ing put first things first They in barren, des-
ert place, where natural means of feeding them
were not available and So by His divine power,
He made If plain that those who confide in Him
have nothing to fear.
To-day as she has continued to do since she
was commissioned by the Master TO feed Ny lambs.
feed Ny sheep" tho Church offers the same divine
nourishmeni for souls offered by Him. This nourlSh-
meni Is the Holy Eucharist His Body and Blood,
Soul and Divinity. the Sacrament of Love, available
r. all who follow Him with mecknesS and faith seek
inE truth and life The Church speaks with His voice
and utters His TEACHINGS she feeds the souls He
has entrusted 10 her, she shows the compassion
for her children that her Divine Founder showed
she concerns herself with the poor and hungry, she
fights 10 secure justice for The oppressed, in the
Name Of Him Who is allkind and all.iust
As His living voice. The Church must stand for
what IS good and against what is evil, she does not
forget that her children are human and all their
human wants have her sympathetic interest. But she
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-07-08

er example of American con-
ceit. To our way of thinking, it
is simply fact borne out rather
forcefully by developments in
Vienna (as we'll as in DetroiD
during the course of our visit to
Europe.
Vienna was the scene of the
Fourth World Congress of the
International Confederation of
Free Trade Unions. ANY objec-
tive observer who attended this
Congress and had an opportunity
to talk to the various delegations
would have to admit, | think,
that the Americans played the
leading role and played it sur
prisingly well,
Much Needed Reorganization
Led by AFL President George
Meany-whb has suddenly but
not Unexpectedly emerged as the
No. ] labor leader of the world
the American delegation tact
fully but forcefully pushed
through a much needed reorgani-
zation of the ICFTU. The plan is
designed to get the Federation
off the ground and make ii an
effective instrument of social
justice, particularly in the So
called underdeveloped countries
of the world. Many other dele
cations supported this reorgani-
zation plan. but it is doubtful
that it would have been adopt
ed without the aggressive leader
ship of Mr.. Meany and his col
leagues from the AFL, the CIO,
and the United Mine Workers of
America.
Secondly, the American dele
gation-at the conscious risk of
offending the German and some
of the other socialist delegations
insisted upon the Importance
of closer cooperation between
the ICFfU and the International
Federation of Christian Unions.
Unfortunately, many of the Eu-
ropean socialist trade union lead
ers are still blindly opposed to
the Christian unions on religious
and theological grounds.
Until the Vienna Congress the
socialists had pretty we'll had
their own way about this mat
ter within the councils of the
ICFTU. But the Americans,
both publicly and privately, sery-
ed notice in Vienna that they
expect the ICFTU Secretariat to
begin Immediately TO negotiate
with the Christian international
for the purpose of establishing
a closer working relationship be-
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-07-08
LOUIS r. BUDENZ
Ghosts at Genera

other nations behind the Iron
Curtain. To give the proper
stage setting for this triumph of
oppression, number after num-
Der of the New Times has been
devoted to the farcical Warsaw
conference, held in May.
Suppression of Consciousness
On June %, the DAILY Work.
er leaped into action on this
question of the satellite regimes
in leading editorial on page |.
The very prominence of the state
ment and its vociierous charac-
ter told eloquentIy how eager the
Communists are to suppress all
consciousness of this question
in the United States.
The Red organ declares that
the United Nations anniversary
meeting gave proof of "the at
moSphere of easing tension" now
existing And that, we under
stand in Communist jargon,
means nothing other than signs
of increasing surrender to Soviet
demands. But the greatest act
of all, the Soviet fifth columns
mouthpieee says, was the rejec-
tion by the Senate Foreign Rela-
tions Committee of the resolu-
tion introduced by Senator Jo-
seph R. Mccarthy, asking that
the condition of the satellite re-
gimes be made a part of the Ge-
neva agenda.
This rejection, the Red organ
holds. is renewed evidence that
the ice of the cold war is crack
ing" II is pleased that this old
matter of Soviet oppression of
the Hungarian, Polish, Rumani-
an, and other peoples is not to be
made must at the Big Four
conference. 1t considers that this
desirable situation is an opening
wedge to compel the President
to surrender completely at Ge-
neva.
Giving and Taking
Then ii proceeds to direct its
shafts at Eisenhower and Secre-
tary of State Dulles for their
dash of cold water" on what
might happen al Geneva. II
makes Sn hotd as TO insist upon
the spread Of neutralism. the
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-07-08

i'm fear of the encirclement that
is coming so close TO our shores,
and to make us forget the ghosts
which will attend the macabre
feast To be staged in Swiizer-
land for "a lasting peace"
Blood on Our Hands
No matter how Moscow and its
agents try to drive them out of
our minds, the shades of the
peoples betrayed into the hands
of the Kremlin will continue TO
haunt us. The memories of Car
dinal MindSzenty, Archbishop
Stepinac, the hundreds of thou
sands of Jews prosecuted in
Hungary and Rumania cannot
be evaded by the leaders of the
American nation Their blood is
on our hands, in the eallous sur
render of their rights and free
dom into the hands of the Soviet
dictators, notably at Yalta.
The Communists understand
this very well. Soviet Russia has
disdainfuily refused to consider
the question of these enSlaved
peoples at the Geneva confer
ence. That in itself should have
been enough to have ended all
talks at once.
The Nen Times of Moscow has
Reen emphasizing for weeks the
strangle-hoid the |kremiln has
over Poland, Hungary, and the
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-07-08
Inquiry Corner
Father HeaIey

Q. A friend of mine aoh0 is an
ardent BibIe-redder, not Cath
otic, objects that our te1t
(John 20;23) for the Sacrament
of Pendnce merely gaze the
Apostles poioer to declare sins
forgiven IN their preaching.
A. In the first place Catho-
lies accept Tradition and the
teaching authority of the Church
Matthew 28:18-20) along with.
the Bible. There is overwhelm-
ing evidence in Tradition for
the power of forgiying sins hay-
ing been giyen, to the Apostles.
The Council of Trent carefully
defined the Christian traditional
teaching when it stated: THE
absolution of the priest is not
bare ministry only, whether
of announcing the Gospel, or of
declaring that sins are forgiven
/. :" The text of st. John men,
toned clearly shows that real
power to forgive sins was given:
when He had said this, He
breathed upon them, and said
to them, Receive the Holy Spir-
1t; whose sins you shall forgive,
they are forgiven them; and
whose sins you shall retain,
they are retained" There are
many other texts in the New
Testament which indicate this
power was to be given to the
Apostles and their successors,
especially those giving the pow
er of binding and loosing"
(Matthew 1919, 1919.
Q. In reading history I find
that there aOdS a time lUhen
there i0ere SeUeral men claiming
to be pope (the so-cdlled Great
Western SchiSn). Did not this
divided authority block the di-,
rect succession from st. Peter?
A. This particular situation
was a sad one for the Church
but there was true and duly
constituted Vicar of Christ
throughout this time. The true
succession continued through
Pope Urban VI (1378-1389) and
his successors, Boniface TX, In
nocent VII and Gregory XII
(l406-1415). All Catholics knew
that there was a real Pope. The
only confusion at the time was
in relation to the identity of the
duly constituted holder of the
office. We might compare the
situation of the United States
during the Civil War when the
South elected its own president.
We do not consider our success
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-07-08

sion of presidents interrupted
during that time.
Q. May a child be qipen
first name l0hich is not saints
name?
A. The name of saint Is
given to all at baptism in honor
of the saints and to call for
their help. It seems to violate
the Christian spirit as we'll as
the letter of the law to bypass
the saints for some other name.
While the obligation Canon
761) to give a Christian name
does not perhaps make it an alb
Solute obligation to make that
name the first name, the Gus
tom of giving the Christian
name a second place could
scarcely be recommended.
Q. What Is the explanation ef
the apparent conflict betWeen
ChTiSt'S words IN the Last Sup
per lOhen he said, "tet him lpho
has no SlOord sell his t,tnic nnd
bay one" duke 22:36) and HIS
Obvious rejection of force as
seen IN His actions in the Gar
den (John 1871; Matthet0 26:-
52-54)7
A. The expression is part OF n
passage which indicates the new
situation they are in. Where
Christ and his followers have
been popular and favored by the
people they are now to face OPP
position and hatred. The ex-
preston about the sword is a
proverbial way of telling them
that they must prepare for this
new and dangerous situation.
This preparation certainly does
not mean that they should make
ready for a military operation,
for everything He said contra
dicted that. His reaction when
they answer luke 22:38) that
they have two swords indicates
that he is not encouraging vio-
lence. "And he said to them,
Enough" Certainly two swords
would not be enough to resist
the forces gathering against
Him. Obviously He means to in
dicate that they have misunder-
stood Him and perhaps with
smile, and certainly with kindly
resignation, He Shrugs off their
simple statement.
Send questions to Father Ed
ward F. Healey, Inquiry Cor
ner, The Catholic Times, Box
636, Columbus Q5), Ohio.