davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-25

As the time approaches for the
aacid test" Of the spirit Of Geneva
In the Big Four Foreign Ministers
conference October "a, Soviet and
free world positions on Germany
are hardening. Restatement Of
positions at the United Nations last
week, and comments from other
sources indicated the Kremlin In
tends to hold on to East Germany
indefinitely.
The shock Of Chancellor Konrad
Adenauer's Unexpectedly quick
agreement to exchange ambaSsa-
doris with Moscow was wearing on
last week. His political opposition
In Bonn. after loud misgivings. de-
cided to back him. On Friday he
got unanimous parliamentary APP
prevail Of his swap: One Rus
sian dip1o m . tic delegation for
around 10000 Germans now held
by Russia Is war criminals.
Soor Question
Aoopeeee aot eV pvsiSse On
Gefman remuneration g. the Geneva
Big -Four foreign ministers meeting
are poor for more reasons than the
soviet assituoe. rTesn oimcuities
petWeen france ano Germany, over
tne. Saar. seem certain 70 come 70 .
neao on SUNDAY. Octoner e, oniy
Ioir DAYS Defore the Geneva
meeting.
81 That Is the day set for 3 Saar
plebiscite. which had been expected
To approve Observation-Disclosures Of
the coal-rich basin and ~ eco
ilOmic ties with France. But last
week al leading German parties
In the Saar lined up against the
EurOpeanixatiOn~ idea. They are
believed 70 have the sympathy Of
. majority Of the electorate.
Last spring, however. Chancellor
,Adenauer agreed with Frances de-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-25

reciprocal aerial photo reconnais-
sance over each others territories.
The President emphasized that this
was intended TO be merely . trust
inspiring beginning.
This Eisenhower approach was
based on four disarmament princi-
Piles which top Washington officials
had laid down just before the
Geneva meeting:
i. Administrators Of an effective
arms inspection system must be In
place and In operation before any
disarmament system can be put
into effect.
2. Inspection Of vast territories
like those Of the Soviet uniCn and
The United States can only be
carried out BY aerial survey.
3. No method Of arms inspection
known TO the United States would
account for naclear weapons that
already have been produced.
1. Disarmament plans beyond fbe
limits ofsWhat could Be inspected
would not help peace. It would only
produce q false sense Of security.
Subsequently United States ON.
cials have made Il clear that their
FIRST major objective Is 70 set up
an alarm system which could warn
Of any impending world wide at
tack. This could be done without
either side giving up its nuclear
stockpiles or aircraft to deliver
them.
While this alarm system Is be-
ing set UP, In fact, the arms race
might very wen continue. But as
confidence and trust Is restored
through the warning system, the
United States hopes that eventu-
ally actual arms reductions could
start.
Propaganda From Moscow
In United Nations Disarmament
Subcommittee negotiations in the
past month American Delegate Har-
old =. Stassen sought to emphasize
the Kremlinis reluctance to come
to grips with the inspection prob-
lem. He proposed temporary
shelying Of talk about arms cuts
and concentration on inspection
systems exclusively. The Kremlin
thought It saw an opportunity to
gain 2 propaganda advantage.
Last week Premier Buigania, IN
MS nrst iuli-dress reaction 70 tho
FresidentN Geneva pten 10Y ex.
change Of biueprinfS M aerial
reconnaissance, played on the point
that the united States seemed DIS
Interested IN actual armament cuts
Mr.. Bulganin carefully avoided
nenevs nisn - 1000 1I'r rsther = y
be stallina. IN 10 doing, lle went
along with President Eisenhower,s
ideas part way.
on the one hand he accepted
the principle Of blueprint exchange,
but rejected the idea that It should
pc done immemasev OF oniy D'-
iateIaiiy. IS, :.
- nuisann ,, asssos 49,, = IS. $3.50 h,,t
80, - A. 80 go - 49,. sss
SUI alsussu. =. 80 S.xsa -.
ens sollu.lol.s asllaA ,aspat
wouiu 10y aosancs uasss. u.s,.. y.
nus ne mpnsa MosCoW Isns ~
along Y ~ were cxteaueu " -
overSeas $780, =. s.sn 49,, 49, Auu
70 tnose y cacn s,u1 aaliss.
Here Was LQe VeulCL6 70 Keep VIC
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-25
Officials Feor Notion
Is in Peril Of | osing
Science Race to Reds
By EARL d. VOSS.

leading educators shouting tem
during the last warning the Soviet Unions
formidable drive chronological superiority the United States
Up now however the emphasis the Kremlns bid for
q better air force
This week the threat appears much broader
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-25
Old Disagreement

Since World War II Soviet and
American diplomats have had q
basic disagreement about arms lim-
itation. The United States wants
q foolproof inspection system FIRST
and arms cuts second: the Soviet
Union wants arms cuts first and
nspection--not necessarily fool
proof later.
without foolproof inspection. Of
course, the West could have no
confidence that the Kremlin would
actually reduce is military strength.
To dramatize this point. Presi-
dent Eisenhower proposed ct
Geneva last summer that the Soviet
Union and the United States, act
tho insmediatelv and bilateralIy.
exchange "blueprints" AZ their mill
tary Installations and arrange for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-25
u. N.
Soviet Union Books
Away From American
Arms Inspection Plan

AZ the opening OF the 10th
United Nations General Assembly
session m New York last week. all
three Of the Presidents deputies
were 81 work judging prospects for
slowing down the costly Soviet
American arms race that has been
going on since World War II.
While the Soviet Union showed
no inclination to risk nuclear war.
she also was definitely backing
away from the Eisenhower Geneva
plan for exchanges Of military In
formation and aerial photo recon-
l1aissarice.
Neither side is yet ready to
believe that the other sincerely In
tends to make the temporary truce
permanent. That was clear from
policy speeches by Dulles and So-
Wet Foreign Minister Vyacheslay
M. Molotov.
A letter from Soviet Premier
Nikolai Bulgarlin to President
Eisenhower. released Friday, In
creased suspicious IN this county
that the Kremlin seeks merely 3
temporary breathing spell to exploit
certain notable free world weak
nesses tsee adjoining columns, and
to build up It's own strength for q
later try at world domination.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-25

In recent Argentine revolution %.
tempts. II involved both tho army
and the navy. The latter had bean
the principal faction b the June
revolt. This time the army con-
fined it, activities 10 key outlying
provinces. which It subdued quickly.
The navy, meanwhile. threatened
to blockade and lombard BuenOs
Aires.
Before the military's plans wsEe
fully jelled. Peron knew the jig IVES
UP. The decisive moment cams
over the week end, when powerful
fence sitting army units went ovsg
TO tho rebel side.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-25

apparently would take our word
that We had not hidden any nu-
clear weapons. or would not use
them II We had; 20 far the United
States Is not prepared TO put that
much trust In the Kremlin.)
The next moves In the disarma-
ment chess game win be up 70 the
United States. President Eisenfow-
eli, reported to be III In Denver
with q digestive upset, and his aides
are preparing o reply to Premier
Bulganin's letter. And American
representatives In the United Ma
tions already have promised to
seek fun General Assembly back
Ing for the Presidents Geneva pro-
posals.
Despite plsas by both sides for
respite from the expensive arms
race, II seemed unlikely this week
end that relief would come soon.
Evening star., 1955-05-30
Bod Report on Schools

Modern Horace Mann"
should have signed his letter
rip Van Wrinkle" He has
not only been asleep for 20
years but isn't awake yet.
His statement Ito attack the
public schools is the same as
attacking children" could
never. have been made by any
one with even average intelli-
gence. In the first place, our
schools are not run by our
children. believe it or not.
I have a child in Arlington
schools.) I sometimes feel
they could do as good a job
as the group we have running
them today. However, with
taxes what they are-there
is no such thing as free pub
lie school"-we critics with
children in public schools ex-
pect them to be taught some
thing besides folk dancing and
sex.
Has he ever walked into an
elementary-school library and
pulled six sex books off the
shelf? Well, I have. Has he
ever had a child that quote
from a narrative repor)
danced beautifully, was very
artistically inclined, got along
nicely with the other children"
but couldn't read? It Is ap-
parent from his letter he
hasn't. Lucky he.
Always Alert.
Evening star., 1955-05-30

In the years since then, he has been ac-
lively helping the Russians to develop A
weapons and the hydrogen bomb, and his
help undoubtedly has been of very great
value to them That is why the Joint
Congressional Atomic Committee is on
record as having judged him to be the
second deadliest spy in history, outranked
only by Klaus Fuchs-the German-born
Britisher who was caught before he could
flee and who is now serving out too-Short
14-year prison term for having committed
the graveSt and most treaSonous kind OF
espionage.
In an effort to give some idea of the
evil done by Pontecorvo,, the joint conf
mittee has estimated that his treachery,
together with Fuchs, has had the effect
of enabling the Russians to achieve key
atomic-hydrogen advances at least l8
months earlier than they could otherwise
have done. This speaks for itself as a
measure of the Nervousness of his crime.
He has earned unique place of dishonor
in history-a place where it is only too
fitting to associate his name with words
much harsher than "disloyal or dis
affected"
Evening star., 1955-05-30
Memorial Day, 1855

When General John A. Logan, COM
mander- n-chief of the Grand Army OF
the Republic, issued the order designating
May 80, 1868, as a day for decorating the
graves of men who fell in the Civil War,
he expressed the hope that it would be
observed from year to year while sur
yivor of the war remains to honor the
memory of the departed" The custom
of thus paying homage to the dead had
come from the South and represented IN
its original form only spontaneous local
activity on the part of relatively few
women and children. But the appeal OF
such an annual commemoration to large
numbers of people soon was demonstrated
throughout the reunited republic BY l9OO
william Mckinley, himself Union vet
eran, could say in truth: "The army OF
Grant and the army of Lee are together.
They are one now in faith, in hope, in
fraternity, in purpose and in an invincible
patriotism"
The principle implicit in formal re-
membrance of the fallen, of course, had
been established long before the first Deco
ration Day. 1t had been expressed in
noble language when Abraham Lincoln,
dedicating Gettysburg military cemetery,
November 19, 1868, while the strife between
the States still continued and the outcome
was uncertain, declared: "It is rather for
us to be here dedicated to the great task
remaining before us-that from these
honored dead we take increased devotion
to that cause for which they gave the last
full measure of devotion-that we, here
highly resolve that these dead shall not
have died in vain."
Looking back over history, it seems
clear that in the very nature of human
experience the task of progress and the
cause of freedom never completely are per-
formed or won. The challenge Of all who
have lived and died for ideal ends still
stands, confronting successive generations.
Indeed, the passing centuries plainly teach.
that liberty, justice and fellowship con-
stantly must be reborn in the hearts OF
millions through rededication in every in
dividual heart. 1t was with that thought
in mind that President Eisenhower this
year again proposed to his countrymen
that they employ Memorial Day to unite
in beseeching God to guide the nations OF
the world into the ways of peace"
Evening star., 1955-05-30
No Words Too Harsh

In formally stripping DR.. Bruno
Pontecorvo of his British citizenship,
Britain has resorted to characteristic un-
derstatement by describing him merely
as "disloyal or disaffected." Actually, there
are palmer and uglier words with which
he deserves to be branded. For the story
of this Italian-born physicist is the story
of an infamous migrate guilty of traitorouS
action against land that befriended and
adopted him, and the magnitude OF his
crime has been such as to do serious injury
to the entire free world
Moreover, this crime has been going
on ever since Pontecorvo disappeared be-
hind the Iron Curtain in 1850 to betray
vital Western secrets to the Soviet Union.
Evening star., 1955-05-30

The oldest date yet tenta-
lively established for man in
North America old er than
$4,000 years-has just been
announced from the radio
carbon studies of the Univer-
sity of Chicago's Institute OF
Nuclear Studies.
This date is for a sample OF
charcoal from an ancient oc-
cupatjon site near Tule
Springs, New. The charcoal
was obtained underneath an :
ash bed about two feet below
the present surface and about
IA feet below the surface OF
an ancient lake bed deposit.
1t was submitted for analysis
by DR.. M. r. Harrington,
prominent Southwestern ar
cheologist, who thinks there. is
a high probability that it was
of human origin.
Charcoal Means People
It is customary to associate
charcoal to human beings
with a knowledge of fire. but.
of course, there always is the
possibility that it might have
been created without any hu-
man agency, as through a
forest fire started by lightning.
Charcoal found at a human
occupation site at Lind Coulee,
Washington, gave a date OF
approximately 5000 years. This
charcoal was found among
bison and mastodon bones.
Dates also were established
by DR.. w. H. Libby. now a
member of the Atomic Energy
Commission which has been
the chief agency in the radio
carbon field, for a variety Of
ancient Indian sites through
out the United States. One
was the Barbeau Creek rock
shelter near Prairie de Rocher.
III. Samples Of charcoal from
a depth of about 300 inches
were analysed, and the Oldest
was found to be roughly II 900
years old. The youngest were
about 5000 years old, indicat-
ing that human beings of
some sort occupied this shell
ter from time to time over
about 5000 years. This does
not, however, indicate any
continuous occupancy.
Logs from sites inhabited
by ancient Mound Builders
throughout the Middle West
also were dated. One was
from a mound near Columbus,
Evening star., 1955-05-30
Endinq the Polio Middle

It Is gratifying that all parLleS con-
eerned-governmental and private-now
seem finally and fully agreed upon a re-
vised set of procedures to govern the pro-
duction and testing of DR.. Jonas E. Salk's
vaccine against poliomyelitis. Barring the
appearance of some unexpected new COM
plication, this should help to end the dis
tressing confusion that has played havoc
with the inoculating program for weeks
past
The big muddle has stemmed primar-
lily from the fact that certain patches OF
the commercially manufactured vaccine
have been found suspect from the stand
point of quality and safety. AS result,
with the United States Public Health
Service issuing a number of stop-and-go,
off-again- ON again directives, distribution
of the potent new substance has been very
erratic and the inoculating timetable has
been completely upset-So much so that
the three-shot treatment cannot possibly
be given during the current polio season
to all children in the most susceptible age
groups -
With the benefit of hindsight, of
course, it is easy today to see how most
if not all of this highly regrettable mix-up
could have been avoided if there had been
better advance planning-in anticipation
of the favorable Francis report on the Salk
vaccine-by both the governmental and
mons governmental authorities involved.
But it is idle to cry over split milk. With
the new procedures apparently effective
enough to bar further confusion, the i'm
portant thing now is to get on with the
job of making sure that every susceptible
age group will have received the programs
protection by this time next year.
Evening star., 1955-05-30

Mary Mcleod Bethune has
left rich legacy of both mate
rial and spiritual substance
that bespeaks the remarkable
life of this truly great woman.
Like many other outstanding
personalities whose lives have
influenced our Nations thought
and progress, she overcame
tremendous odds in her strug-
gle to succeed. She attained
the heights despite the handi-
caps and obstacles imposed by
race, tradition and custom.
Adults should reflect on the
indomitable courage, sincerity
of purpose, the will to succeed
and her demonstrated concern
for others. These were bright
facets of the Bethune person.
ality and are the traits which
Americans must nurture.
The youth of our Nation,
colored and white alike, should
study the life of this woman
as an example of the Amer
ican ideal.
Bethune-C Goodman, College,
the National Council of Negro
Women, and countless individ-
uals whose lives she person.
ally touched and influenced.
will be living monuments to
her f',ll and Useful life. We
sAould rightfullv mourn her
passing, hut should also glory
in the bountiful legacy Upon
which we can continue % build.
Alice B. Finlayson,
Chairman, Public Relations
Committee, Federation of
Civic Associations Of the
District Of Columbia, Inc.
Evening star., 1955-05-30
Why Have We Come
Toduy?

They are not dead, the loued
and briefly lost;
They come to US in dreams
with faces bright
As in the past. No other
,Dorldly light
Hints OF diutding seas and
hedvenS crossed.
Needless of pertls met at any
cost,
Serene and fearing no i'm
pending blight,
They shed a radiance in the
darkest night
Like sunny blossoms undis-
mayed by frost.
BelieDiug this, 1Dhy haze tDe
come today
To these mute grGUeS, this
corresponding shrine?
Whl bring our hedrtbredk ana
orr tears in pain?
Whence comes thss prompt
ing that we must
obey
This deeo compulSion, NOR al
or diuine,
That Stirs US tDith old rap
ture-dnd NTH pain?
Inez BoreIoy Kirby
Evening star., 1955-05-30
B-52 Speedup


what prompted the decision to increase
the rate of production of the B-52 inter-
continental bomber by some 35 per cent.
On Tuesday of last week Defense Sec
retary Wilson and Roger Lewis, Assistant
Secretary of the Air Force, indicated that
no change in production schedules for
military planes was contemplated. 1t had
been revealed on May 13 that the Russians
had let our people in Moscow see some of
their new planes in the air. These in
cluded more than so new supersonic day
fighters and more than 80 new all-weather
fighters, more than 40 new medium
bomberS and 10 or more heavy bomberS
comparable to our B-52-in all, better
showing than we had expected them to be
able to make. But Mr.. Wilson and Mr..
Lewis were quite calm about the whole
thing.
Mr.. Wilson thought it interesting that
the Russians really made sure" we found
out about these planes. He was not dis
turbed, however, insisting that sit is our
aim to maintain military capability SUI
perior to that of any potential enemy"
And he added I'VE can and are doing
this" Mr.. Lewis seemed little skeptical
He said he didn't think you could do your
Air Force planning on the basis of
practice fly-by on the part of the Soviet
Union, and he added that he would defy"
anybody, seeing an airplane just flying by
in the air, to tell how fast it is going.
Both Mr.. Wilson and Mr.. Lewis agreed that
the Russians might have more than they
had shown, and that, possibly, they might
be in production on their version of the
B-52. It was insisted, however, that no
change in our production schedules was
contemplated.
Two days later-just after closed
ices Committee-Air Force Secretary Tai
bott announced the decision to step up
the rate of B52 production by 35 per cent,
so that we would have the planned number
of these planes by the end of 1858 instead
of 1859. What happened to cause this
sharp reversal of field?
One possibility is that new informa-
ton indicated that the Russians are far
ther along than Mr.. Wilson thought.
Another possibility is that this step-up is
merely a precautionary measure, and
rather modest one at that. For there is
no plan to increase the total number of
B-52s, and the one-year acceleration is
not radical change. Perhaps it would
be just as well to take this calmly and in
stride. For the chances are that we have
not yet come to the end that there will
be still more alarms and changes of pace
before stable relationship with the
Russians is achieved.
Evening star., 1955-05-30
Needles Medicine Men

The complaint contained in
"Pediatrician's" letter of May
"a should not be left standing.
The letter states that per
haps if the medical profession
had been consulted and per-
mitted to evaluate the Salk
vaccine in the time-honored
manner, the public interest
would have been better
served" "Pediatrician" ex-
cludes from the medical pro-
fession the Cd six large drug
companies, co United States
Public Health Service, CD the
group of doctors who worked
on the vaccine.
Since when are not such re-
spectacle medical authorities
part of the medical profess
sion? No doubt, countless
times in the past "Pediatrician"
himself has used and repre-
sented land collected fees for)
the products. efforts, theories,
remedies, and say-so Of such
bodies as authentic medical
practice. All of these agencies
together make possible the ex-
ercise of medical science.
But now, when something
goes wrong, 'Pediatrician"
wants to disintegrate the con-
stituency of medical science
and point to the other fellow,
saying, He's to blame, not
mel" " -.
The lament is all the more
incredible in view Of "Pedia-
trician's" statement that "the
individual doctor is legally and
morally responsible for his &C
ton in administering the vac
cine" This is, of course, true.
AS soon as the physician be-
comes a party to the action, he
becomes responsible for it. 1t
is not a matter of one or an
other part of medical science
not serving the public interest
the whole institution is in
volved.
May I suggest that the
reason medical science has not
been blaming itself is that the
very idea is incomprehensible
to it? The myth of infallibility
surrounds no other human
activity so thickly as it does
medical science Yet, physi-
clans mistakes are all around
us-visible and invisible mis-
takes, both known and un-
known to the victims.
OF course, nobody realizes
this so well as do, physicians
themselves. They won't detract
from the doctrine because the
ingrained folklore of medical
science calls for the "neces-
sity" for public confidence.
Pifflei Surely so vital and re-
sponsible an endeavur as medi-
cal science should not expect
advance credit from the public
without an even exchange. If
it must have public confidence,
it must deserve it.
AS certainly as it takes
credit for vaccination-and all
its other benefactions-medi-
cal science. all of it, should
take the rap when it commits
a diSservice.
Sam ID. Galaxy.