davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-06-13
The Atomic Bomb FoIIout Danger

in terms Of the fallout dosages.
It can be calculated that
people packed in a dense
crowd receive about two one
thousandths of a roentgen
per year dosage from the
radioactive potassium in their
neighbor's bodies - somewhat
more than that which applied
in the United States on Janu-
airy ! from the total of the
test fallout. T.
"The principal sources of
natural doSages, however, are
not the human body, but the
cosmic rays and the radio
activities in the earth itself. !"
DR.. Libby told Of dosages
normally received by airplane
pilots from the surface of the
earth especially from rocks.
He also mentioned the doses
from luminous watches and
from x-rays. and then con-
cludes:
"Considering all these
things. it is quite clear that
the natural radioactivities of
the body, the effects of the
cosmic radiation and the natu-
raj radiation of the radioac-
tivities of the earth's surface
constitute hazards which are
much greater than the test
fallout hazards. 1t is also clear
that if the genetic damages
from radiation are real at
these levels, we have always
had them in much larger
measure.
This does not, of course,
mean that they are desirable,
but it does mean that any
genetic effects of the test
fallout must indeed be small
fractions of the e:ects which
are normally present in the
human population.
"It also means that in the
case of a full-Scale atomic
war. where the amounts of
fallout might well be expected
to increase by large factors.
Ikea thousand-fold. there will
be the additional hazards due
to the fallout, additional to
the blast and thermal and
other better-known effects of
nuclear weapons, that should
be seriously considered"
Nobody has ever contended
that atomic warfare isn't in
furious to mankind, but it has
yet to be proved by anyone
in the world of science that
the atomic tests held thus far
under careful restrictions have
produced abnormal dosage Of
radioactivity in the fallout
which could seriously damage
this or any future generation.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1955-06-13

The extent to which for
eign aid has fleeced the Amer
ican taxpayer since World War
II has never been fully
realized. The figures in the
headlines when a foreign aid
bill is up for consideration on
Capitol Hill tell only a small
part of the story. Indeed. it
would be a practical imposSi-
bility to present any definite
figure as an accurate grand
total for the foreign aid bill
to date.
The reasons. of course. for
such necessary vagueness lie
in the nature of the effort
the United States has made
to put the war-torn free
world back on it's feet and
to create a worldwide pump
primer operation hazily de-
scribed as of vital Importance
to American prosperity and
defense.
The nature of the effort can
best be described in a single
word as diversity. The lavish
ness of American handouts has
been obscured to the taxpayer
by the bureaucratic device of
spreading the largesse among
many different Santa Clauses.
Thus the right hand never
knew, or questioned. what the
left was doing. Both hands
were kept busy. handing out to
countless other hands which
also refrained from any seri-
GUS effort to know what was
really going on.
Evening star., 1955-06-13
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Figures in Bills Tell Small Part of Story;
Handouts Abroad Obscured by BuTeouerots

While the official foreign aid
organizations were busily per-
forming their gracious bestow-
al of the resources of America
on Zambezi and Timbuctu.
dozen other American Govern
ment agencies were also eager
ly employed in like enterprises.
Many times two or three agen-
cies found themselves doing
the same thing. and usually re-
solved the duplication or trip
lification quite readily by a new
series of gobbledygook langua-
age designed to obscure the
facts. as Government talk
usually does.
Thus, while the Marshall
Plan was going strong. the
Army, the Air Force, the Navy.
the State Department. the In
formation Agency. and several
more obscure but no less gen.
erous outfits were competing
vigorously to "obligate" their
fat appropriations.
Foreign aid itself never con .
sisted alone of handouts. There
were lots of "do-it-yourself"
projects. in which ostensibly
the foreign governments con-
cerned were doing a job such
as building a power plant or
a railroad station or a dam.
But guess who was footing the
bills?
Then there was the matter
of lend-lease accounts. When
the figures were added up at
the expiration of the lend
lease arrangement, careless
Evening star., 1955-06-13
Thomas E. Murray OF Acc Suggests
That Top Statesmen See H-Bonb Blasts

atomic war would really
mean? What a tragedy it
would be If after a nuclear
holocaust it Avas disclosed that
those who struck the atomic
spark had no real understand
ing of the extent to which
nuclear fire would spread"
A well-informed leadership
on a worldwide basis seems
to this Atomic Commissioner
absolutely essential to sur
vival."
1t is perhaps unfortunate
for him that Sir Winston
Churchill is no longer Prime
Minister of Great Britain, for
like so many good ideas,
Churchill had it first. It was
during one of his visits here
to President Truman.
The Prime Minister had
been taken to the secret brief
ing room at the Pentagon by
the then Secretary of Defense
Lovett and shown the actual
destruction achieved by nu-
clear weapons. He marvelled
suitably. then abruptly asked
Lovett::
"Have you shown this to
the Russian Ambassador"
Somewhat taken back, Lovett
said no, they hadn't. "You
ought to do it: he is the man
who ought to see it," rumbled
Churchill. Lovett tactfully adj
mitted it was quite a sug-
gestion, but apparently never
took it seriously.
MIR Murray may meet with
Evening star., 1955-06-13
Taxpayer FIeeced in Foreign Aid

was hardly the word for the
procedure. Millions upon mill
lions were signed away or iG-
nored-all levieS on the SAD
United States taxpayer and
all gone if not forgotten.
When NATO came along for
a fact, Uncle Sugar was hap
PLY cast in his accustomed
role. While our brave and de-
pendable allies praised the
mutual" effort for the COM
mon defense. Uncle dug deep
into our collective pockets to
pick up the tab.
Military assistance was sup
posed to be a separate cate
CORY, and to an extent 1t was.
But not to a very far extent.
Under so-called military as
sistance. hundreds of projects
were paid for which were of
obviously indirect military
significance. At the same time,
the armed services themselves
were financially engaged in a
host of projects having not the
remotest connection with mill
tary matters. except of course
under the well-stretched ex-
cuses that the stability" Of
our gallant allies was a direct
military contribution to de.
fense Of the free world.
And despite the existence Of
the murderous Cold War, even
the Soviet Union and the Iron
Curtain satellites have been
the eager recipients of United
States material aid. both di-
rectly and indirectly through
various stratagems.
The whole foreign aid ex-
travaganza has been right out
of Alice in Wonderland.
Evening star., 1955-06-13
Work Load Is Doubled
For U. S. Attorney Rover

The work of United States
Attorney Leo A. Rover has
doubled since he last held thai
Office in 1884.
Mr.. Rover, speaking or
WWDC's District Roundtable
program last night, attributed
the increase to a rise in popula.
tion, the growth of civil admin.
istrative Offices of the Fedora
Government and changes in tori
claims laws.
Speaking with his principal as.
sistant. Oliver Gasch, on the
functions of the U. S. Attorneys
Office, Mr.. Rover characterized
those functions as unique"
"Other U. S. Attorneys. he
said, "are aided in their work
because they do not have to
handle both misdemeanors and
felonies as the District Of Col
umbia District does. The States
Attorney in other jurisdictions
takes a great load Of work from
the U. S. Attorney" he ex-
planned.
Both the Municipal Court and
the District Court come under
Mr.. Rover's direct supervision.
Misdemeanors are handled by
the Municipal Court while felony
Evening star., 1955-06-13
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Washington officials prepare to leave town during civil
defense alert conservative Republican confused Back
to the caves? Brother never left 'em."
Ford Motor Chairman Breech Fords labor contract
for everybody Well at least this dispels the
that the good left Ford executives speeches.
Millionaire capmaker Harry Senate investigators
he can't recall how he $2400 in cash. He's pretty
though he didn't waste ior no congressman would be
bothering him.
statesman: Ever he learned to keep his
head he's been laboring under handicap.
House Democrats will investigate the Sak vaccine contro-
versy Nothing political about this just effort to pin the
blame the proper Republican
Ike delivers college address in the rain
usual only smiles among the graduates belonged to
their parents.
Voice America Streibet says we're winning the
battle for mems minds The trouble that lot OF the minds
try to keep occupied allereic to tenants.
Evening star., 1955-06-13
DORIS FLEESON

The generally negative at
titude taken by Secretary of
State Dulles toward the meet
ing at the summit" of the Big
Four July 18 at Geneva is
causing concern here. Con-
gress, other officials and as
sorted experts are voicing ap-
prehension that the United
States is again losing the
propaganda battle to the Rus
slams and that at Geneva it
will be worse.
The most striking idea for
reversing this trend comes
from Thomas F.. Murray. a
member of the Atomic Ener-
gy Commission. Mr.. Murray
has repeatedly voiced his moral
anxiety for the age of nuclear
fission.
He wants world leaders in
cluding the Big Four states
men-American. Russian, Brit
ish and French-to witness
an explosion of the hydrogen
bomb. So far as he knows
none of them ever has.
Such demonstrations Of the
full effects of large-scale
thermo -nuclear explosions can
be arranged without disclos-
ing weapons technology, Mr..
Murray told a recent audience.
He put the question:
How can the world take
any chance that each one in
authority is not thoroughly
familiar with what all-out
Evening star., 1955-06-13
DOROTHY THOMPSON
'Appeosement Won Help Adenouer

second degree, to start World
War I, did start World War II,
and lost both. It Is ridiculous
to say that nations never learn
a lesson. All nations learn les
sons, though usually the hard
way.
The German problem is,
however. not merely q problem
for Germany and the Soviets
to settle. It involves all the
other European States and the
United States.
II Germany, for the sake of
"normalizing relations" with
the Soviets, imperils her rela-
tions with Western Europe
and the United States, she is
sunk. Her ties with the West
constitute her chief bargain
ing asset to achieve from the
Soviets unity and freedom.
Without them she would
steadily be infiltrated with the
new Communist line of Ma
tional bolshevism. ut will ap-
peal to Neo-NaZis. and be
supported by many German
"intellectuals," who have made
a profession of batting Amer
ica.)
Chancellor Adenauer's prob
lem-and. as I see it, the
problem Of his successors---is
therefore to find a way Of
becoming a catalytic agent for
normalizing relations between
the Soviets and the whole
West contributing. from a
Western stance. to ease the
tensions between the Soviets
and NATO without imperilling
either side or Germany.
It is q function requiring
the highest order Of states
manslaip.
1t is not soluble by zap
peasement." It requires the
establishment Of o modusl
Evening star., 1955-06-13
An Idea for the Big Four Farley

the same fate. Nevertheless.
there is a very real feeling
here that ideas are badly
needed for the Geneva meet
ing and that the administra-
tion could use them.
Attention is being paid here
to a suggestion by Perry Lauk-
hoff. a United States diplomat
who has met the Russians in
numerous conferences, that we
need pegotiators specially
trained in Communist meth
ods. Mr.. Laukhoff points out
that the Russian negotiators
are career professionals, while
the United States removes its
people just about the time they
learn how to handle the Rus
slams.
He names many: George
Kennan. Lucius Clay, Dean
Acheson. Averell Hartman,
John McCloy, Philip Jessup.
There is also Mrs. Roosevelt
who besides long experience
with the Russians has unique
stature West and East.
Representative Elliott of
Alabama suggests that as a
way of spurring the Vests
fight for world opinion. Presi-
dent Eisenhower should make
known a desire to visit Russia
at the conclusion of the Big
Four talks. The Russian invi-
tation to Chancellor Adenauer
Of West Germany, of course,
prompted Representative Eli
oft. Prime Minister Nehru of
India is already in Moscow and
the tremendous warmth of his
reception by the Russian peo-
pie was the news lead on the
story.
Evening star., 1955-06-13

cases appear in the U. S. District
Court.
Government attorneys in the
District Court process about TO-
900 cases a year, Mr.. Gasch esti-
mated.
Mr.. Rover, who was reap.
pointed in 1852, attributed the
recent is per cent decline ir
crimes in the District to an In.
creased police force, sitter court
sentences and work of his stats
in the two courts.
The program was moderated
by Assistant United States At.
torney Rufus e. Stetson. jr. The
program was presented under
auspices of the Junior Bar Sec
ton of the District of Columbis
Bar Association.
Evening star., 1955-06-13
Acc Member and Scientist Says Tests
Are No Real Hazard to Immediate Health

across to the American people.
DR.. Libby, who has been a
professor at the University Of
California and the University
of Chicago. has done some re-
markable things in the field of
nuclear research. especially
during the war. He served for
six years on the advisory COM
mittee of scientists at the Acc
after he was named to the
commission iteslf.
Here are some extracts from
DR.. Lihby's speech in which he
discusses particularly the ge-
netic effects-that is, effects
on children of future genera
tions:
"It is known that radiation
dosages in the levels of 400
roentgen units are lethal
deadly to about half the in
dividuals exposed. the symp-
toms following the exposure
being remarkably practicable
and reproduceable.
1T all the dosage from all
atomic tests in all time. that
is since 1945, be added to-
gether the total dosage for
people in the United States
averages considerably less
than one-tenth of one roent-
gen.
However, as far as immedi-
ate or somatic damage to the
health is concerned, the fall
out dosage rate could be in
creased $4,000 times without
hazard. In fact, it seems
clear that it is very. very con-
servative indeed as far as
these immediate effects on
health are concerned. Tests,
therefore do not constitute
any real hazard to immediate
health.
Let us examine now the
radioactivities which are al
ways present and compare
them with the fallout radia-
tions because these general
background radiations do af-
feet the question of the genetic
effects from fallout, since
everyone in the whole world
has always been exposed to
these natural dosages. The
world in all its parts in this
sense is radioactive and always
has been. The carbon in your
bodies is naturally radioactive.
"In fact the radioactivity of
the human body and the ma
ture Of its radiation is such
that people receive dosages
from one another which are
measurable and considerable
Evening star., 1955-06-13

The North Atlantic Treaty
Organization has no more
loyal ally than the West Ger
man chancellor, Dr.. Ade-
nauer. The confidence Presi-
dent Eisenhower expressed in
his last press conference is
entirely justified.
But Chancellor Adenauer is
not o dictator. He is the con-
stitutional prime minister OF
q country that cannot be gov
erned without the support OF
public opinion, and this Is in
perpetual fux.
The Soviet government can
adopt any policy 1t chooses.
and reverse itself totally in "a
hours. There is no public de-
bate or discussion, but only
private debate and discussion.
confined to the upper echelons
of the state and the Com
munist Party. In West Ger
many there are numerous
parties, factions within them.
and free expression by power
full organized groups and
individuals.
Public opinion in all Ger
many demands that the chan
cellor accept the invitation to
visit Moscow and confer re-
garding the naturalization of
relations" with the Soviets.
decentralization Of relations"
involves, as the Soviet note
suggests, the exchange Of dip
lomatic representatives, ex-
ploration Of ways to raise the
level of trade, establishment
Of cultural links, and Of ways
to effect German national rin-
ity, the latter being the key
,Question for all Germans.
Evening star., 1955-06-13
DAVID LAWRENCE

Strange misconceptions
about the allegedly harmful
effects of radioactive fallout
from atomic tests are being
spread throughout the world,
and the press services for the
most part have not been alert
to offset such claims with
news of the rebuttals.
Maybe it's because a scien-
tif1c lingo doesn't make news.
and maybe it's because a de-
nunciation of the Atomic En-
ergy Commission. charging it
with giving out supposedly
misleading information, does
make news.
Anyway. on May 20 last,
Franklin Hutchinson, an as
sistant professor of radiation
physics at Yale, said on a
radio program that if Atomic
Energy Commission officials
"have data to back up their
contention that there are no
harmful genetic effects from
the radiation. that's just won-
derful. The trouble is, I don't
know of any such data. and
neither does anyone else to
whom / have talked" He
added that 1900 children had
been born with an additional
mutation" caused by the
hydrogen bomb tests last
spring.
The foregoing was distribu-
ted by the press services and
many newspapers printed 1t
because it was news.
But on June 3, DR.. Willard
F. Libby. a member Of the
Atomic Energy Commission
and himself one of Americas
most noted scientists In the
field Of atomic energy, made a
public address at the Univer-
sity Of Chicago. discussing the
radioactive fallout problem
from every angle. including
mutations Of all kinds. He
told the people of America why
they should not be disturbed
by the information given them
about the recent bomb tests.
Yet the speech by Dr.. Libby
was almost completely ignored
by the press services that sup
ply the American newspapers.
Members of the Atomic Ener-
gy Commission have since ex-
pressed privately their amaze
ment at this omission. For it
means that an official refu-
tation of what Professor
Hutchinson said didn't get
Evening star., 1955-06-13
ISeomen's WoIkout
Settled in Iceland

RELKJAVIK. Iceland, June IS
.(P.-Iceland's two-day seamen's
strike was called off yesterday.
Deckhands and stokers will
get increases plus a cost of liv-
ing allowance under the settle
ment. Twenty-Five ships were
affected by the strike.
Icelandic electricians who have
been on strike will also begin
work today.
Evening star., 1955-06-13
Bonn Chancellor Will Have to Get Result.
In Soviet Talks or Lose Public Support

The Chancellor's visit must
either produce some results in
these fields. favorable to Ger
many, or his government will
lose support from public opin-
ion.
And this achievement will
involve very astute diplomatic
bargaining.
Germany is in a radically
different position from the
other NATO states. She is not
a North Atlantic" power, as
the title "NATO" defines the
Western organization. She is
the central power of Europe.
Her long -range interests must,
ideally, be satisfactorily ORR
ented eastward as well as west
ward.
The Soviet note points out
that between the wars one
fifth of the trade of both
countries was with each other.
The figure would be much
larger were the trade with the
East European states consid-
cred. Hamburg was the chief
port of Czechoslovakia. And in
industrially and agriculturally
backward Eastern Europe lies
the largest European field for
German economic know-how.
Although German trade was
always heavier with the West
than the East, the Eastern
opportunities certainly con-
Germ the Ruhr industrialists,
strongly though they support
the Chancellor. The note is
nicely baited for them.
Germany, because of her
central position. has a crucial
interest in avoiding war. She
contributed, though In the
Evening star., 1955-06-13

a chemical booster rocket for its
initial stage of flight. It is said
that the photonic rocket is the
optimum power source for fight
above the atmosphere and in
space. ,s
Evening star., 1955-06-13
Lack School Rooms

A classroom shortage in Japan
now requires the use Of the dou-
ble-shift system in 5.941 primary
schools and 1,181 Junior high
schools.
Evening star., 1955-06-13

Once and for ALL end dads sport shtneckte problem with
these smart swank larats So simple the metal slide
gdes the lariat cord automatically locks In place.
Choose his initial favore motif gold silver enameled
finish.
Mems Spotscear Street Floor, Washington,
Stuer Spring and PARKinotoa
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1955-10-15
By RAY ONION, Rop;ng Reporter

TTAVE THE INCENTIVE payments wool growers started
YOU thinking about farm flock? How about that wooded
knoll along the that coulee that's with
Think maybe could get good out
of the land by pasturing sheep on it?
ayes you say cit could probably be used for sheepby
sheep all experience with cattle and gram
little eery about getting into something don't know
anything about
Take tip from old timer, " M Long He isn't farm
flock operator by any Long 1000 head
Fergus county ranch but ne has pretty good ideas
that the smaller producer might put to use
Start with that still have couple of years left IN
them he advises them to good shape and
them extra good care sheep them They're
experienced mothers They take good OF their lambs
Long says the lack of experienced help and the hgh
cost of Landing putting the on the big opera
sbIe to handle the entire job He hires to help
spring field work during lamblng but otherwise
One-man operation
His ewes are bred to lamb the first part May At this
time the danger weather greatly reduced Long says
his made start by then the ewes are able
to give and the lambs get off to better start
spring grass ne the expense OF eedn
hav which would be necessary LII ne LANDED carrier
Inst before Long expects his start dropping their
lambs he bands OF about 100 head IN sep
arate nasIres During Landing ne rides among them
walks off and leaves her lamb Long up scoops up
the lamb basket attached to pole and follows after
the eve. $,
While this system possible for him to handle the
flock does have its disadvantages Long
1 taf hs lamb crop runs only about go per cent And by
Iabng late able to market quite as neaVy Ieedef
in the aI as would possible he LANDED earlier This is
point however doesn't cause any Ill teenng among the
ke makes possible for them to buy cheaper
and tn mt on faster economical gains than with more
mature lamb.
t feels that by having to hire expensive help at
1aoho time he is than able to make up for tne loss
also has his ideas about wintering sheep All MS
grain fields are enclosed with sheepght fences He has
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1955-02-18

Lincoln asked his Secretary Of
War to issue a pass to Dr.. Isacher
Zacharie. his Jewish chiropodist.
to enable him to fetch his father
and sister from Savannah. then in
Union hands.
He also requested that Major
Leopold Blumenberg, who had
been removed from office as pro-
vost marshal in Maryland because
of actions on the part of his staff,
be given a fair chance to defend
himself.
DR.. Korn also relates how Lin
coin cancelled General Grants
notorious Order No. II directed
against Jewish pedlars." and
helped bring about a change in
the law so that a Jewish chaplain
could be named to the armed
forces for the first time in Ameri-
can history. The author also men,
lions that in 1863 Lincoln was in
terviewed by a Christian Zionist
and expressed great interest in the
aims Of Zionism but said nothing
could be done at that time be-
cause of the Civil War.