davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-03-13

CITATION WNdAL-TV has its own little Holly
- wood-an expanding world of celluloid
and scissors.
Add to this television version of the old
Hays Office. Then picture an atmosphere rent by
whirring projectors and ringing phones. men
glancing anxiously at clocks. hundreds OF reels
in rackS-and more reels on the floor. building
atop one another as the day progresses. like
mounting stacks of poker chips from winning
hand.
This merry -go-round of action is the day-in.
day-out routine of The Star stations vital film
department. Four men-Film Director Robert
B. Morgan, assisted by Benny Jonscher. Harry
w. Cullis. jr. and Thomas Cosgrove-actually
handle over half of the stations production.
More than so per cent of the programs and
rs or 80 per cent of the commercials are on
film," Mr.. Morgan says.
At first glance, their duties may seem TV
viewers dream, previewing every film that comes
into the station. But. in short. these private
showings" help benefit your child-and the
public as whole. Scenes are censored and
scissored The staff goes by the standards set
by the National Association of Radio and Tele-
vision Broadcasters. Special attention is given
to censoring afternoon features when juvenile
audiences usually are tuned in.
1--WE cut out the bumps and grinds of an over
Jealous saloon dancer during Wild West show
Mr.. Morgan points out. Other scissored scenes
may range from women with too little on to
men with too much to say-oH color that is
I'VE watch British shows closely for too much
profanity" MIR. Morgan says. "as their movie
censorship is not as strict as ours.
A film editors job is best summed up as
taxing work of art. Cutting and splicing film.
running and rewinding a reel over and over
until, say, an original Commute movie is
whitfield away to smooth-paced Commute
show date evening shows usually aren't cut).
He guards against such film fiascos as film
spliced upside and checks closely for torn
or worn frames where breakage may develop.
And dividing film into several acts to insert
commercials add to his difficulties These
breaks" usually are made during scene changes
or blackouts fadng from night to day. by
Evening star., 1955-03-13
Hollywood In Washington
By Meredith s. Buel

splicing leaders into the film. They show up
black on screen, alerting a projectioniSt the
curtain is to ring down on particular act
The protector then is cut of, as commercials
are run on a separate machine. Thus. each show
becomes production, geared to split-second
timing
Another headache is repiecing and packaging
films for shipment to another city. Reels come
in from all over the country. keeping the film
crew on edge because of time schedules tOut-
of-town stations have sent messengers by train
to deliver reels by hand. minutes ahead OF
WMAL-TV's deadline.)
Rushing to make mailing headlines unleashes
the gremlns when they reach the station. located
at 4461 Connecticut avenue NV. Mr.. JonScher
recalls that previewing film for sound and
quality has yielded everything from unWanted
commercials to mixed-up spices. "One time II
was checking a mystery in which guy was
bumped off in the beginning and up and walking
around near the end of the movie, he explains
The staff also puts together the filmed portionl
of news shows-thereby acting as backstopI
against what could be comedy of errors. Once.
a long awaited film from New York came in at
the tail-end of Bryson Rash's $50 pm. news
roundup. There was no time for preview, only
time enough to thread it on the protector and
let er reel. The commentator guped just in
time to sidestep a gremln and quickly changed
to the subject before him.
He admits it would have been downright
embarrassing to discuss an important meeting
of two foreign statesmen and then picture theus
pair of chattering monkeys" zoo feature
had been spliced onto the first part of the reel
But seldom is there an error in 500 miles OF
cellulod if it gets to the film men first. Incl i
dentally, the staff handles nearly millloIa
feet of film year-enough to wrap around the.
city and extend from here to Detroit and back
(The reels include full-length features cartoons
news, Syndicated half-hour shows, such as "MrF
District Attorney" education and public service
reels, plus spot commercially
What do film men do on a day off? Onq
station spokesman overheard Mr.. Morgan talkina :
enthusiastically in a restaurant about-yoq
guessed 1.-THE latest movie he had seen.
Evening star., 1955-05-09

techniques are ever 100 per cent
safe. When a doctor gives an
injection Of penicillin. performs
a tonsillectomy, or vaccinates
against smallpox, there is always
a possibility that something may
go wrong. A physicians work
consists in large measure of max
ing decisions in which he weighs
the benefits and the possible
drawbacks, however small, in a
given course of action. When, in
his judgment, the values out
weigh the possible hazards, he
acts accordingly.
Based on Judgment
The decision on use of the
poliomyelitis vaccine is based on
such a series of calculations and
judgments.
Public health physicians are
specialists in the practice of pub
lie health. They must exercise
broad responsibility for tn e
health of the American people.
They thus share the responsible
tiles of physicians in private
practice. Public health physicians.
by and large, no not make de-
cisions in matters of individual
medical practice. Physicians are
the best guardians of every in
dividual's health and will at all
times base their judgments on
the soundest technical informa-
ton available at the time. Health
sciences is never static. Knowl-
Evening star., 1955-05-09

edge increases with passage of
time and medical and health
practice changes and improves
in pace. But there has never been
a time when medicine and public
health have been m important
conflict.
The Public Health Service. in
discharging its responsibilities
under this concept, is acting on
the conclusions which have
emerged from our study which,
in our Judgment will guide and
influence progressive improve
ments in production and testing
of poliomyelitiS vaccine.
1t is evident that the decision
of the service will cause some
delay in making the vaccine
available to the American people.
I know that they will fully
understand and appreciate the
reasons for this decision which
have been taken in their in
terest and on behalf of the chill
dren of the Nation. There will
in time be ample safe vaccine
for all who need it and wish it.
In summary, may I say that
the Salk vaccine has had care
full and thorough development
over a long period of time. 1t
has emerged. as the elimination
of the work of dedicated men
and of the historic achievement
Evening star., 1955-05-09

honestly and fully the sum total
of their manufacturing expert
ence and their professional skill.
They-Since the very beginning
of the polio vaccine program
have acted with complete in
tegrity and foresight. Our in
quiry has revealed that they
have, in many instances, gone
far beyond the normal require
ments of the pharmaceutical in
dustry in checking existing pro-
cedureS and making improve
ments as new information be-
came available to them. To no
small extent. the speed and
efficiency with which we have
been able to review an exceed
ingly complex situation is due
to the aid of the senior profess
sional staff of the manufac-
turerS.
We have been guided, too. by
a continuing flow of detailed in
formation on cases which has
been supplied by the poliomyeli-
tbs surveillance unit of the Public
Health Services communicable
disease center in Atlanta. Ga.
State and local health officers
are cooperating fully with this
unit. At the National Institutes
of Health in Bethesda, Md, the
staff has also been working on
assessing the technical and scien-
tific data which have been ac-
cumulating.
want to enumerate now some
of the facts which we have con-
sidered in relation to medical and
public health practices of long
standing.
/. Although the first injection
of this vaccine confers a degree
of immunity, the full value of
the immunization process is not
achieved until all three shots
IldfC bCCA S1FCIl 4lluoy IL lS
quite possible for polio to be
contracted after the first Or
second injection without indicat-
ing that the vaccine is unsafe or
ineffective.
2. The Francis report on April
IL demonstrated that the expert
mental vaccine administered in
last years field trials was 6O-90
per cent effective, and that it is
less effective against type +
(Which is the most prevalent
type) than it was against Type
II and III. The difference was
due to the effect of a particular
preservative. This has now been
corrected. The vaccine cannot
be expected to prevent all polio.
DR.. Salk is continuing work to
improve the vaccine's effective
ness.
3. Few important m e dical
Evening star., 1955-05-09
Norwegian Worms
Against QuisIinqs

Establishment of a defense
against totalitarian aggressols
wherever they might be was
called for yesterday by Wilhelm
Munthe de Moreenstierne. the
Norwegian Ambassador. /
The diplomat urged vigilance
for Quislings from within, as he
spoke on the 10th anniversary
of the departure of Nazi occupa-
ton troops from Norway. I
The Ambassador emphasized
his appeal by recalling the harsh
treatment his countrymen re-
ceived under the Nazi police re-
gime. The observance, attended
by members of the Norwegian
colony here, was held in the
Georgetown Lutheran Church,
1856 Wisconsin avenue NV. l.
Evening star., 1955-05-09

of one Of them. DR.. Jonas Salk.
His achievement is a milestone
of medical progress 1t promises
significant reduction in the oc-
currence Of paralytic poliomye-
litis.
The Public Health Service has
every faith that. within the
ever-narrowing limits of human
fallibility, that the Salk vaccine
is safe and effective.
Evening star., 1955-05-09

Service in the fundamental
safety of the Salk vaccine that
has been used to date. or will be
available in the future.
Only Prudent Course
On the other hand, a great
deal of new information has been
developed during the past 10
days as the result of continuing
consultation between the Pub
lie Health Service and its con-
sultants. and between these
groups and the senior techni-
clans of industry. 1t is only pru-
dent to make the total industrial
experience available to each sep
arate manufacturer for use as a
background in the review of past
production and present proc
esses - particularly in the in
tereSt of affording additional
factors of safety in their dis
tributed product. The manufac-
turers have indicated their de-
sire to have this additional in
formation and assistance.
The reason for the association
between administration of the
Cutter vaccine and the few cases
of poliomyelitis that have de-
veloped after its administration
has not been determined. The
association is so definite, how
ever, that until the precise cause
is found the vaccine produced
by this laboratory will remain
suspended.
During the period of con-
sideration by the Public Health
Service conSultants and the
deliberations of our staff which
has been under way, certain i'm
portant facts have emerged.
The vaccine is so prepared
that the amount of residual in
fectious virus is below a level
that is detachable by laboratory
tests made in issue culture and
in monkeys or is expected to be
harmful to man. In this respect,
this vaccine is similar to other
vaccines prepared in a similar
way.
I want to make this point alb
solutely clear. The vaccine has
been called a killed" vaccine
because of the theoretical total
inactivation of virus particles
with respect to their ability to
cause disease in mana fact
which is borne out by the safety
record among the S million
American children who have re-
ceived one or more injections of
the Salk vaccine.
Valuable Data Derived
We have derived valuable data
from the manufacturers them
selves. They have brought to us
Evening star., 1955-05-09

This corresponds to the expected
natural occurrence of poliomyeli-
It's in the United States among
these children at this time of
the year.
So, simply in statistical terms,
there is every reason to believe
the product of the other manu-
facturerS is safe.
The five manufacturers whose
vaccine has been used to date
are: Cutter Laboratories, Eli
Lilly & Co.. Parke Davis & Co.,
Pitman-Moore Co. and Wyeth
Laboratories, Inc.
On April 81, after six cases of
paralytic polio appeared among
children inoculated with vaccine
produced by the Cutter Labora-
tories, I directed the withdrawal
of all lots of vaccine which had
been distributed by that COM
pany, pending a careful exam
ination of their manufacturing
processes.
Outlines Steps Taken
The steps taken were as
follows:
The Public Health Service i'm
mediately initiated a thorough
check at the Cutter plant itself.
We started extensive laboratory
tests of samples of the vaccine
itself. We organized a Nation
wide network of scientists, epi-
demiologists and laboratories to
collect and interpret significant
data on every case of paralytic
polio among these children and
others of both the vaccinated
and the unvaccinated population.
This provides us with continuous
and quick intelligence on all
cases of poliomyelitis reported to
the service.
In addition. group of the
country's outstanding experts in
poliomyelitis virology and epi-
demiology was Immediately
called to Washington to advise
the Public Health Service on the
Interpretation of all data flowing
in from the sources indicated
above.
This advisory group has in
cluded DR.. John EnderS of Har-
ward, recent Nobel Prize winner;
DR.. John Paul of Yale, noted
virologist and epidemiologist; DR..
Albert Sabin of Cincinnati, ex-
pert in virus diseases; DR..
Thomas Francis, whose recent
report confirmed the efficacy of
the Salk vaccine; DR.. Joseph
Smadel. Army research special
ist in virology and epidemiology;
DR.. David Bodian, outstanding
neuropathologist from Johns
Hopkins: DR.. Jonas Salk, famed
for the development of the vac
cine now in use; DR.. Edward
Lennette, director of laboratories
Evening star., 1955-05-09

You'll find it even easier to 60, wi
the popular Pan Am "Pay-Late
Plan. With this original plan, you
not need a lot of cash on hand. Ju
$179 down buys all five tickets
the typical family at right al
$96.66 a month for 20 months pa
the balance.
There's no trick to making arran,
ments . just one call will start y
on your way. Your European ira
dreams CAN come true!
Evening star., 1955-05-09

Of the California Department Of
Public Health. who brought first
hand reports from the California
Department of Public Health;
and DR.. Howard Shaughnessy,
chief of laboratories Of the
Illinois State Department of
Health.
Data From All Sources
These men have been consult
ing with the Public Health Serv-
ice almost continuously since
April %. They have studied the
complex data from all sources,
giving particular emphasis to the
manufacturing and testing pro-
ceSses.
The last of these meetings of
the technical advisory committee
on poliomyelitiS vaccine COM
posed of Drs. Bodian, Enders,
Francis, Salk, Shaughnessy and
Smadel took place on May 5 and
May 6.
1t was in order to make sure
that their recommendations could
be given the most careful con-
sideration by scientific personnel
of the Public Health Service, that
early on May Z recommended
that inocluation programs be
suspended.
That study has now been COM
pleted and the position of the
Public Health Service is as
follows:
l. A detailed re-appraisal of
each lot of vaccine already pre-
pared or in the final stages of
production is being undertaken
immediately by the laboratory of
biologics control, with suitable
consultants.
2. For the present, all vac
cinationS should continue to be
postponed.
3. AS the re-appraisal proceeds,
vaccine will be cleared for use
on a lot-by-lo basis.
The reviews will roceed on
manufacturer by-manufacturer
basis, taking them in the order
of their entrance into produc-
tion-i.e Parke Davis, Eli Lilly,
Wyeth, Pitm n-Moore, and
Sharpe & Dohme. 1t is hoped
that this process will result in
return of vaccine to avail
ability beginning in the latter
part of the current week. This
program of action has been dis
cussed with industry, and the
Public Health Service has its as
surances of full cooperation and
support.
The undertaking of such a re-
view-and the slight delay in
mass immunization - does not
arise from lack of confidence on
the part of the Public Health
Evening star., 1955-05-09
Europe

Starts Nov. 1st! With Pan ANS new
plan, family of flying to Europe any
day of the week between Nov. and Mar.
81 will save from $1,000 to $3.50. See
how you save from the figures below!
Evening star., 1955-05-09
DR.. ScheeIe's Statement
On Stotus of Vaccine

Following is the tert of yes
terddy'S statement By Surgeon
Gen. Leonard A. ScheeIe on
the Sdlk Udccine::
I know that the American peo-
pie are concerned over recent
developments with respect to the
Nationwide poliomyelities vac
cination program.
AS Surgeon General of the
United States Public Health
Service, my primary RESPONSE
bility is to assure that our Ma
tion's health is protected and
that we make continuing prog
ress against disease.
In this capacity. want first
and foremost to assure the par
entS of children who have re-
ceived an injection of poliomye-
lities vaccine this spring that
in the very best judgment of the
public health service, they have
no cause for alarm.
On May 7. I recommended
that the vaccinations imme-
diately scheduled be postponed
pending this report.
This action was taken because
several States are now in the
midst of or are about to start
incubation programs. Since the
final evaluation by a fact-flnd-
ing group which has been con-
sulting with us on the cumula-
tive experience in the manufac-
ture and testing of the Salk
vaccine had not been completed,
it seemed the wisest-and the
safest course-to advise the
health authorities of the Nation
of this fact.
5 Million Vaccinated
What are the facts?
Over 5 million children have
been vaccinated with Salk vac
cine thus far this year. To date,
there have been so confirmed
cases of paralytic poliomyelitis,
and cases of non-paralytic po-
liomyelitis among these children.
Forty-four of them followed in
lection with vaccine produced by
the Cutter Laboratories prior to
It's withdrawal from distribution
on April 27.
1t must be remembered that
last year nearly half a million
children received Salk vaccine
without any indication that it
was hazardous. 1t must be re-
membered also that except for
the unfortunate occurrences in
California and Idaho there have
been only sporadic cases in which
poliomyelitis occurred within a
short time after vaccination.
The incidence of paralytic po-
liomyelitis on vaccinated chill
dren, other than those who re-
ceived the Cutter vaccine, has
been only l in almost 100000.
Evening star., 1955-05-09
Films of More Than Routine Merit

FHr1s OF More ] han Routine Merit
THE ACTRESS"-Heart with fine comedy by
Spencer Tracy.
bad DAY BLACK ROCK"-The Mr. Tracy in
taunt outdoor suspense yarn.
"THE BRIDGES TOKO-RT'-Excelent adaptation of the
Korean War novel.
"ON THE WATERFRONT"-Marlon Brando in the years
Academy award film.
SARATOGA TRUNK"-Perod with Ingrid Bergman
Evening star., 1955-05-09
SUPER CHEF DRIVEN

Coming Fri and Sat. BATTLE |
CRY" and FAST AND FURI- 1
Gus" Plus Giant Cartoon Car
nival for the Riddles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-01-01
President launches
His New Year With
Work and Coli Game
Dy Garrett p. Homer
ssal s,off Correspondent


4 AUGUSTA, Ca, Jan. 1 Presi-
dent E;senl,oues.i l,eaan TIE new
-. .,...., ~. ,. J, s. ,,,,,,s
sas.s,., $3.50. 3, 49,, -. so,s ss,,,S -,
~ sa -. ". re,s,,..s tha n,,ss,sta
NJ n-s.;e $3.50 - 80 s : -
-,
day for the christmas and New
Year holidays. the President
! plans 70 Nv back 70 Washington
tomorrow night ~ lar 4 busy
month Of LAYING his Legislative
Z program before the new Demo-
cratic-c0ntrolled Congress.
He il whipping into shane the
state-of Reunion Inessaee he
win deliver on Capitol Hill
Thursday. as well Is q number
! Of special messages on such
things as recommendations for
pay increases Tor Government
workers and expansion Of foreign
Trade.
Gets More Done.
s s, his aides sav ~ pres,s,s,,t 4
4 able III acco,nn ~ more u, s,,c i,
,,aner ,,,orIarT sim .tirI ~ =. s 4,
daily eolf eame--wlaile here
than he could ia Washinqton
because he doesn't have "a cnn-
III 49,. r7sS..- -@ss7.s-s, - y - - -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-01-01
ceIebront Climbs
Into Wrong Bed in
Wrong Apartment

LONG BEACH. Calf Jan. i.
Mrs. Jane Berry was in the liv-
ing room Of her apartment. No. s,
when entered d New Years eve
celebrant carrying his shoes in
his hands.
Hi, honey he greeted her.
II guess I'll 60 to bed.
= don't know who you are. "
the woman protested.
Aw, quit your kidding
Whereupon the visitor stripped
to his shorts and went to bed.
When police arrived in re-
Spouse to Mrs. Berry's call they
awakened Carl r. Carlson, so,
who had mistaken apartment
No. 8 for his own, No. 8. They
booked him on q drunk charge.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-01-01
Dim. j Fund Drive 10 Open
IN Sun Valley Monday

NEW YORK. Jan. 1.-The
1856 March 81 Dimes fund-rais-
ing campaign win start ofiicially
Monday at sun Valley Idaho.
the National Foundation for Izl-
fantile Paralysis has announced.
sun Valley was picked, the
foundation said. because It Is Ia
Blaine County, where there were
no cases of polio in 1854. This
wds said to symbolize increas-I
ing hope for future prevention
Of polio.
Part of the s64 million sought
In 1855 VIII 60 toward buying
Of 3 million doses Of Salk vac
cine for use next spring. II
evaluafion shows the vaccine To-
be effective and II 1T Is licensed
BY the Government" the foun-
dation said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-01-01
Strike Of Ieaulsiers
threatens New York
Vegetable Supplies

NEW YORK. Jan. ]. 4
strike 81 AL teanasters went
into eject early today, posing
the threat Of 8 SO per cent short
are In the metropolitan areas
fruit and vegetable supplies
some 1900 members of Local
2o2. AFL international BROTHER
hood 81 Tearnsters. walked out
shortly after midalsht oyer .
contract dispute with the big
wholesale markets ID Manhat-
tan the BrDnx. Bf10klsn and
Long Island City. Queens.
The only glimmer Of hope IN
the situation came last night
from Charles Ulricl1. Local a02
president; who said ilegotiators
for the Brooklyn Terminal AS
ISOLATION. one Of the employers,
had made new wage ctiers. He
said he hoped. to reach fun
accord with the BROOKLYN group
By tomorrow afternoon.
He said the Terminal Assoc
citation had offered 8 So weekly
wage increase for the first year
Of the contract. plus an addi-
tional 81 In the second year.
The union seeks $l2-a-week
nackare increase. The main eTla-
ployer group. the United Fresh
Fruits and Vegetables Associa-
lions. offered . 81 package in
crease.
Current wages are SIS for .
4O-hour week.
Effects of the walkout viii not
be felt until tomorrow night,
since the markets are closed
for the holiday.
Chain stores, which have their
own transport systems, are not
involved III the dispute.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-01-01
Actress Marina Vickefs We'd ID Chilean poloisi

they Intended to visit Mr.. Rojas'
parents before announcing the
wedding but that the secret
leaked out 1t 4 party Thursday
night.
Mr.. Rojas, "A. recently CONF
pleted his first movie. Miss vick-
ers is 2e, has . son by ttr.
Rooney, and formerly was mar
ried TO A. G.. Lyles, fllm pub
licist. This IS Mr.. Rojas' first
marriage.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-01-01
y hrsiness nlaces early toiav.

Z ~
Of business places early today.
At the rear door Of b restau-
rant IN the 1900 block Of Four
teenth street NV. he heard q
noise indoors. Fading into the
shadows, he waited until d man
emerged. then jumped him and
led him to q cali box at Four
tenth and N streets NV. where
the man broke away. II
The policeman described the
fugitive as colored. about 80 years
old. 5 feet 8 and weighing about
Its pounds. Nothing was missing
from the restaurant.
Although an acting lieutenant,