davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1955-08-09

The
HOnemaker
by AUDREY =. ROBINSON
Vepeo Home Economist


A Freezer Dish
When preparing MEATS which
required long SLOW cooking. It
would Be practical TO prepare
larger quaptity than needed for
the current meal and place the
remainder In your freezer
Here Is 40 Minute freezer
dish. straight from the FREEZER
10 $50 degrees Ovent
Individual Beefsteak Casseroles
4 IDS round o. chuck beet
tbsp salt
tsp. mOnosodnm glutamate
lac bacon fat
q tomato juice
3 punches small carrots
10 c slfied ali purpose flour
cup sitted ali puep0se flour
tsp pepper
lisp celery salt
q hot water
~ tsp salt
lbs small white onions
To Freeze
2-3 water
Cut meat INTO - inch cubes
coat well Rith flour combined
with salt pepper. nonsodium
elufamate, and celery salt Heat
fat IN Dutcis oven OF Well Cook
er Brown meat on All sides in
TAT over medium high heat Add
not water. tomato iuice. and salt
Cover and simmer about 2 hours
Or until tender Add carrots and
onions, cook 20 ninuies longer
or until vegetables are Just tend-
ef. combine Hour with water to
MAKE smooth paste very grad
ually add flour paste TO stew
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1955-08-09

A new helicopter, capable Of
carrying nineteen passengers, Is
being built for airline use. 1t is a
commercial version of the large,
rotary winged plane used by the
Air Force and the Army
Anne File Williams was the re
cent guests of Mr. and Mrs. A
w. Dawson, Of near Schuyler
The Rev. and Mrs. Earl Wood
all have returned home after
spending week at Massanetta
Mrs j NJ. Hannah and Miss
Sarah Hammock were recent week
end guests Of Mr.. and Mrs. Charles
Howe OF Blacksburg.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-11-05

Has the job of the housewife become too simple in
too short time? Have all the labor-savng devices at
her disposal encouraged her to abdicate some of her
responsibility toward the home? These questions not
asked with turntheclock back attitude Perhaps they
entirely unusted But they should be explored as
possible factors in the weakening of American home
life as manifested in high divorce and juvenile delin-
quency rates.
Housekeeping is not yet push-button affair." but
modern housewives certainly aren't tied to their homes
all day long Raising children has been made easier.
They can be entertained by elevision programs
and at fairly early age be sent to nursery schools
until they are old enough for school work
1t is possible that time-saVing developments have
so fast that have not had time to adjust
to the fact that while their chores may be mechanical
holnemaking remains art. Eleanor Hover editor-n-
chief of Whats New in Home Economics recently
said, 1--WE are thinking too much of how to
time and too little about the home" She believes that
no matter how easy housekeeping becomes home max
ing womans first responsibility and neat house
should not be confused with happy home.
Perhaps some of the weaknesses of home life could
be eliminated if it realized that efficiency cannot
replace genuine warmth and thoughtfulness in home,
nor in a home-maker
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-11-05

! MARY STRONG TALKS iteuq
Who are our enemies? Just
misunderstood friends. 1t is
said to understand all is to
forgive all. Not only dies there
come discord, confusion, and
strife between people for the
lack of explanation which ex-
plains or lack of confidence
but even nations fight wars
to the death or humiliation
because of some misunder-
standing. Sometime it is but
a trifle that starts a rift.
This widens and grows into
something formidable. Since
time began brother has been
against brother and nation
against nation because Of I'M
happy differences. How sim
pie it would be and how diff
ferent the climate of our life
and world relations if we
might trust more and be less
ready to rush to untoward
conclusions. Some wise men
sum it up like this: Even
now our enemies are waiting
on our doorstep to be loved"
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-11-05

wood High, on which 4S0 students
can be trained a year, per pupil
costs would be reduced Is per cent.
but larger unit designed to handle
800 would double the rate at which
costs could be cut, producing wear
ly savings of nearly $4,000, the
report shows.
In submitting the report to the
Board of Education, Superin-
tendent Reeves observed that in
addition to reducing costs the
Drivotrainer may help meet
teacher shortages, provide an added
safety measure for beginning
drivers, and be most advanta-
geous in standardizing teaching
procedures and course content. .
Two hundred forty students par
ticipated in the Los Angeles study.
which was directed by Cecil G.
Zaun, Los Angeles city schools
safety supervisor.
Results indicate that practi-
cally the same progress in driving
skill and knowledge will be expert.
enced by a student trained bv
either the experimental method.
using the Aetna Drivotrainer plus
three hours of on-the-road training.
or the California State prescribed
course" the report states. Cali
fornia's standard course calls for
six hours on-the-road training.
On two of four tests used to
measure student performance at
the beginning and end of the pro
gram, Drivotrainer students
showed significantly greater i'm
provement. On the other tests and
on road exam given only at the
end of the course, there was no
significant difference in the two
groups.
Driver attitudes, recognized as
a major underlying cause of high
way accidents, is one of two areas
where Drivotrainer students make
a better showing.
AS a result of the study, the
report states, ''there is a greater
of the infinite SCOPE of
the contribution the Aetra Driqo-
may make to tnG fsld of
driver education"
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-11-05
Beauty Hints

TIE be pretty you must first
make up your mind that you
really want to be. Next, study
your possibilities. Scrutinize
your face. your hands, your
body carefully and detect not
only your shortcomings but
also your good points.
Everyone has both. Now, for
your shortcomings minimize
or erase them as much as
possible: as for your good
points Stress and make the
most of them.
Eyes can be made to be ex-
preSsive when they are express
sionless: a mouth can be
reshaped and make a thing of
beauty: the contour of the
face can be transformed: your
hair may become a glory. In
this way take feature by fea-
ture. Observe your whole
bodily makeup and then get
busy.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-11-05
No Judge and No Jury
At Trial of Witches

Our distinguished master of Salem history Daniel
OConne of neighboring Danvers has offered his sec
ond and equally interesting essay Wchcraf for to-
days edition, this time revealing the enlghtenng fact
That the poor souls accused of Wtchery went trial
IN court that had no judge and had no jury
1t IS fantastic story of prosecutors playing the
role OF prosecutors. But let Mr. OConne tell it to you
his way
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-11-05
Mattresses
Must Now Get
S. Cents hr.

The latest wage law recent
ly signed by Governor Herter
(tips) is to be paid less than
a minimum Of SIS cents an
hour.
Wherever a food establish
ment has policy of forbid
ding tips, the law DEGREES that
all employees must conform to
the newly created minimum
wage law Of rs cents per hour.
Under the general terms of
the new law, a rate of 80 cents
an hour shall apply in cases
Where there is no minimum
wage decree covering the par
ticular occupation.
The terms of the new law
read as follows;
"A wage of less than 90
cents per hour in any occupa-
tlon as defined in this chap
Ter General Laws Chapter
Iol) snail be conclusively pre-
sumed to be oppressive ano
unreasonable, wherever the
Term minimum wage is used in
this chapter, unless the com
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-11-05
lops Treating
u. S. Prisoners
Very Kindly

Despite heavy weather con-
ditions. Cong. VIM. H. Bates
reports from Tokyo that the
Special House Armed Services
Committe of which he is a
member. has been able to
maintain its busy schedule
although nearly all plane
landings have been made by
radar. The first weather pro-
blem was encountered at
Anchorage, Alaska, where the
official party was obliged to
return to McChord ALB,
Tacoma, Washington before
resuming the journey which
will take the Congressman to
the Far East.
The Tokyo visit began with
a series of briefings on Far
Eastern problems relating to
the military, including the &C
QUESTION Of land for US. mill
tary and garrison facilities.
Mr.. Bates report 1--WE are also
looking into the question of
the status of the Forces
Treaty which gives foreign
governments jurisdiction over
American personnel with re-
gard to off duty crimes. This
has been a heated question in
Congress but more heat than
light has been provided. We
want the facts, and we are to
inspect prisons in Japan where
our troops are held.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-11-05

sentation.
Mrs. Arthur P. Teele, Dlrec-
tor of the Boston School of
Flower Arrangement, will
stage an exhibit entitled
winter Holiday Decorations
and Dried Plant Material"
It's purpose is to offer ideas
and. suggestions to home
owners who want to know
how to decorate for the
Thanksgiving, Christmas and
New Years holidays.
Mrs. Edna Roberts of the
Cider Hill Greenhouse at York,
Maine, will show African
violetS, as will F. I. Carter 81
Sons of Tewksbury, Mass.
who will also display a wide
variety of house plants. Mr..
and Mrs. George Greenlaw of
Concord and Mr.. and Mrs.
Percy Merry of Needham will
likewise exhibit many kinds
Of house plants for the en-
ioyment of window gardeners.
Chrysanthemum Gardens
will be staged by Mrs. Edwin
5. Webster of Chestnut Hill
md Breck'S of Boston. Mr..
richard c. Paine of Chest
nut Hill will show his color
.ul Winter-flowering begonias.
A Trade Arcade, with bulbs.
house plants and all kinds of
accessories, will furnish home
gardeners with plants and
with which to carry
on their Winter gardening
activities indoors.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-11-05

mission on labor has expressly
approved or shall expressly
approve the establishment and
payment of lesser wage I'M
der the provisions of section
seven, eight and nine"
The new law will not be-
come affective until April /,
1856.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-11-05

on either side, of the Salem
Witch Trials. They could have
served no good purpose.
The Kangaroo Witch Courts
served only a Political Ratchet
Man function. The Witches
were not tried" there, but
exhibited for show and SEN
tence after Guilt had been es-
tablished in Torture Cham
bers.
The Witch Courts, created
without legislative approval OF
Royal sanction, were them
selves compounders of crime
They were without a legal leg
to stand on.
The Witch Courts were
Phip's Error, but Britain's Ba-
by. Governor Philips was the
Crowns Hired Man. A boss is
always accountable for the
crimes of his Lackey commit
ted in the course of employ
ment.
DaUts, in his "Judicia,
History OF Massachusetts,,
notes that Witch Courts con-
demned nineteen persons
to be hung and one to be
pressed to DEATH. History
Is UagHe on ho1U the sem
fences Were executed.
My olUn opinion is that
the Salem Witches 1Uere-
burned, not hanged. But. if
the Witches acre hanoed
the authorities 1Oere Hypo-
4 critics as nell as m1urderers
They Knowingly executed in
nocentS!
Witchcraft was Haresy; hav-
ing truck with False Gods. The
comon penalty for Heresy in
the Colony, and throughout all
history, was burning at the
stake. Remember Joan of Arc
among others?
The ancients regarded fire
as the Devils Weakness and
the Great Purifier. The theory
was that the people possessed
would not maekly submit to
hanging or other ORTHODOXY
kinds of killing.
The ancients believed that
the possessed would simply
transfer themselves and their
evil to any convenient person
or animal. Alleged ability to
ao this was the essence of all
"ltchcraft indictments.
Being a Salem Witch was
certainly considered a Heresy
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-11-05

"e~o PtCdodllbly SUI
prlsed to see my Witch Let
ter published in full, I antici-
pate vigorous dissent in some
circles. I am far from being
Learned or a Historian. I'll be
a Student all my life!
My letter was not intended
as a fully detailed and docu-
mented Brief. 1t was an ex-
preston of opinion; a spon-
taneouS combustion of pent-up
wrath at the Injustice done
Salem and the Witches for so
long.
Some people have already
taken exception to the charge
that there was no real law in
Massachusetts for many years
before and after the witch
Trials. 1t is true that Political
Theology did rule the roost.
Thomas Lechtord, first
regular Ldl0yer in Massa-
Continued On Page Eight
Continued From Page One
thuSettS, toaS diSbarred and
returned to England in 1859.
The legal Profession 1Uas
then out-Ia1oed, and not re-
turned to legislative good
graceS until 1901.
People a0tH sag that the
Body of Liberties in 1641
did permit a Defendant to
haze UNPAID counsel at a
trial. This lDaS a BOOTLEG
service, and obviously be-
yond the financial reach of
little people.
Besides, Article As made a
mockery of representation in
most cases. 1t acknowledged
the legality of Torture Con
fesSion in capital crimes. in
Witchcraft, where the
evidence" was clear and suf-
ficient.
In 1889, the Governor felt
the need of a mouth-piece. He
wrote to England, asking for
two or three honest lawyers
dt any such thing in nature)".
The Governor acknowledged
the presence of two New York
lawyers in Massachusetts,, but
complained they charged ex-
brilliant fees. What else for a
Bootleg Service? That figures!
In any event, it is well eS-
5ablished that no Lawyers
participated in anv nhase or
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-11-05

of more immediate menace to
the community than being a
Quaker or other disSenter
Quakers were publicly burned
in this state without the least
qualm.
Why the distinction, if there
were a distinction? Frankly. I
regard as ludicrous or hypocri-
tical the many tales told about
Witches being imprisoned for
months in midtown SalemI
If the Witches 1Oere seri-
ouSly believed to haze su-
pernaturaI poOerS of eUu.
aOho could be found to
guard them, and continue
lining a normal life? HON.
many people Mould be con-
tent to HUe in the same
totUn?
I believe that Giles Coreu
10GS pressed to death in
To1on House Square and
that other Witches Dere Ii
quidated in the same area.
1t might be less romantic
than Gallons Hill, but It
1oould be more practical.
In olden times, the Stocks
PillorieS, GallowS and other
Gear of Corrective Education
were normally located in the
center of the community. This
is still the fact in most back
ward areas of earth.
Such a location was not
merely more convenient. but
it had a certain salutary effect
on the law-abiding inhabitants
OF the town. Psychology in
Crime Prevention is as old as
human nature.
Trucking Witches from mid
town Salem up to Gallows Hill
for Hanging seems far-fetched
The area was wild country in
those days, and hardly a place
to go WITHDRAWING, or anv
other kind.
You get some idea of how
wild the area was when Won
consider that the combined
population of Massachusetts
and Maine in 1889 was onlvi
about $4,000. Humanity was
spread mighty thin in old Sa-
lem.
If the Witches were
"haunts", which was the
charge, can you imagine IT,
mid Salem souls escorting
them through dense forests
and Indian territory up the
Hanging Tree? What if the
Witches went into their act
along the way?
The eecutions more likelv
LOOK place in the safety of the
Public Square, handy to the
many TaVerns and other tour
ISL attractions. The show was
a spectacular, and not likely
70 De staged in the Sticks!
Burntng seems more looi-
cat than Hanging If the
spectators aOeye as supersti-
ttouS as History alleges them
TO haze been. It is possible
Continued on Page Five
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-11-05
American Holly Plants
AT Flower Show In Hub

Red-berried American holly
plants as they grow natively
on Cape Cod will form the
feature exhibit at the Annual
ChrySanthemum Show of the
Massachusetts, Horticultural
Society to be staged at Horti-
cultural Hall, Boston, Novem-
Der 1913. Alexander Helm
Itch, Woburn, noted for his
naturalistic rock gardens at
the Spring Flower Shows. will
design the woodland scene,
which will contain holly plants
grown by Wilfrid Wheeler.
we'll known specialist who
operates the Aschumet Holly
Farm at Falmouth. The hours
for the Show are: November
10, 2 to 10 P. M; November
IL, / to 10 P. M; November
IL, 10 A. M, and November
Is. l to 10 P. M.
Another outstanding under
taking will be a furnished in
terror, with a loggia over
locking a charming garden, |
in which chrysanthemums, /
the flower Of the season, will |
be used In bouquets. Potted
chrySanthemum plants will
also be used effectively on
the porch leading to the small
outdoor garden. The Women's
Exhibitions Committee, which
designs the series of small.
Intimate gardens at the
Spring Flower Shows, is in
charge Of this unique pre- !
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-11-05

SUPERIOR, Wis. - The Unit
ed States produced 87,OOo,o 900
net tons of iron ore in 1854,
a drop of 81 per cent from
the record level of the pre-
vious year. The Lake Super
ior region accounted for co.
100000 tons.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-11-05

BOSTON - New England is
dotted with 1O2 ports. Among
the biggest and busiest are
Bosom, Portland, New Haven
and Providence, handling s.
100000 to 100000 tons of
cargo a year.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-11-05

Los Notwithstanding use
Revolutionary classroom trainer
that cuts the costs of teaching high
school students how to drive was
reported to the City Board of Edu-
cation this week.
On battery of scientific tests.
students trained with the new
device, called the Aetna Drivo-
trainer, proved to be on a par
with those who took the conven-
tional course in real cars.
Details of a research program
utilizing the Drivotrainer were pre-
scented to board members in an 81
page report by Superintendent of
Schools Claude l.. Reeves.
The experiment. was conducted
at Hollywood High School, with
group of 100 students being
taught driving fundamentals on the
classroom machine and then COM
pared with similar group which
took the regular Institutional pro-
, gram in standard automobiles.
The experiment is part of a
nationwide research program spon-
sored by the Aetna Casualty and
Surety Company, which developed
the device in an effort to meet the
needs of schools for an effective.
economical way of teaching youths
to drive. Other studies are still in
progress in the New York CITY
schools and at Iowa State Teachers
College.
introduced several years ago.
the Drivotrainer has attracted
nationwide interest among educa-
tors as a possible answer to the
high cost of driver training. A !
summary of the Los Angeles report
is being sent to 5000 school admin
istrators to familiarize them with |
results of the research study.
Since the Drivotrainer enables
up to Is students to take behind |
the-wheel training at the same
time, compared to the one pupil a
teacher can instruct in a real car,
1t substantially reduces the high |
teaching costs that have retarded |
the spread of driver training in
the nations schools.
With the Drivotrainer at Holly-
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-10-22
Univ. of Alabama
Must Open Doors
To Negroes

Washington, D. C.-The doors
of the University of Alabama
long closed to Negroes were
forced ajar last Monday by
the force of a Supreme Court
decree issued by the nine top
jurists of the land. The court
in so doing acted consistently
with it's decision of May 1854
and 1855, which outlawed seq
'regation in the public schools
of the country.
The decision, the first opin-
ion of the new term, makes
it, possible for two Negroes
who had tried to get into the
University in 1852 to gain adj
mission.
AS of now. no word has
come from Officials of the
University with regard to the
Courts action.
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-10-22
Ella Fitzgerald
Charged With
Gambling

Houston, Texas-Ella Fitz.
gerald, world-famous singer,
and four persons connected
with her show, were arrested
last Friday night and charged
with gambling.
Officers raided the singers
dressing room backstag at
Houston's Music Hall during
the presentation of "Jazz at
the Philharmonic" which
starred Ella.
Others arrested were Nor
man Granz, producer of the
show; John B. Dizzy" Gil
lespie, trumpeter; Illinois JAG
quet, saxophone player; and
Georgianna Henry, q singer.
Bond in the amount of $40
was posted for each person,
and. the performance was not
Continued bottom of next Column
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-10-22

CanaQa.
Frederick Douglass (b. Feb
ID, 1917; d. Feb. 20, 1880
Powerful orator-statesman
and marshall of District of
Columbia, Minister to Haiti
Sojourner Truth o.; d.
Nov. &c, 1889. In 1927 she
changed her name to Sojour-
ner Truth as a result of a
vision, went up and down
land preaching freedom.
Benjamin Banneker %.
Nov. 10, 1881; d. Oct. Is,
1906. Astronomer, mathe-
matician, city planner and
publisher of an annual alma
nae.
Crispus Attacks o.; d.
Mar. 5, ITO. A fugitive
slave, killed in the historic
Boston Massacre, becoming
the first man, black or white,
to give his life for American
freedom.
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-10-22
Diggs to Ask Probe of Bias
at Raleigh Durham Airport

Detroit, Mich.-Congressman
c n aries C. Diggs, Jr.,
(D-Mich) protested the jim
crow toilets in the newly OPEN
ed $450,000 Raleigh Durham
Airport and declared that he
planned immediate action.
The air terminal was offici-
ally dedicated Oct. l by repre-
sentatives of national, state
and local governments. Gov
ernor Luther B. Hodges COM
mended Raleigh and Durham
for their "neighborly coopera-
ton and vision" in providing
the two cities with the new
facility.
Negro representatives of
Raleigh and Durham appeared
before the airport authority
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-10-22

obstacles to establish for him
self a place of respect and adj
miration in this county"
" Be it further resolved that
a bronze plaque be placed in
the entrance of the said new
wing with the following in
scription thereon:
Lee Waid Wing
MemOrialized i'm Honor of Lee
NJ. Waid, an outstanding cour-
ageous. Cody Negro citizen
of this Community"
Presentation of the resolu-
ton was made by d. C.
Vaughan, chairman of the
hospitals board of trustees,
at the board meeting Tuesday.
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-10-22

ated for years without Incl
dent.
The old airport did not
designate toilets for white and
Negro passengers, but they
did attempt to achieve a
separation by subtly mark
ing toilets for females ladies"
and women; and for males
men" and gentlemen" The
confusion that resulted was
rather numerous.
The first six months of this
year an estimated $4,000 pas
sengers used the Raleigh
Durham Airport and Atty.
Patton said that cit looks
they will meet their goal of
100000 for the entire year"
Action of the Durham and
Raleigh committees on Ne
gro affairs is being temper
arily withheld an Interstate
Commerce ruling on the whole
question of segregation in
rail, bus and air depots.