davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-19
DOROTHY THOMPSON
A Courtroom Stage for Reds

defend America. the audience
applauds-drawing applause Is
actors business.
They have their profession
behind them. For the theater,
despite its inner riyalries. has
enormous esprit de corps. to
unite it against outsiders.
The hearings are not a trial.
What are they-what have
they become? A show. And
who best knows how to put on
a show?
The committee gives these
known Communists" an au-
dience. The public is asked to
believe that they are subvert-
ing America via THE Pajama
Game, THE Seven Year Itch"
and Much Ado About Moth
ing" Several things can re-
suit. They can be sent to jail
for contempt Of Congress--and
what an act that would be.
Or they can be dropped by
producers, creating another
uproar. THAT is far less likely
than 1t would have been two
years ago. Or they will 60 on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-19
DORIS FLEEsON

DAMASCUS, Syria.-The
famous oasis of Damascus. the
city Of the Street Called
Straight. furnishes the ex-
ample of what needs to be
done-or redone. actually
in the Middle East. Its waters
literally give life.
This has been recognized by
most Arab leaders. They have
turned back to their own his
tory and seen that they once
had water systems and SO did
the Romans. Many Of them
have been in the United States
and studied IVA and the
lesser and greater dams OF the
Mountain States and North
west.
The trouble now seems to
be not that they don't have
irrigation and water plans, put
that they have almost too
many which are in danger OF
competing with one another.
This is one of the unfortunate
aspects of Arab nationalism
which is tending toward Keno
phobia, just as the West is
realizing that the only secu-
rity is collective. with interna-
tional cooperation imperative.
The plan which takes its
name from Eric Johnston. who
has taken so much time from
his pleasant task advising mo-
ton picture producers. is a
iva type in that four states
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-19

making audiences laugh. cry.
and otherwise emote. with the
mental reservation, "They say
he's q Communist. And he Is
so wonderful" What good will
that do?
Com m unist governments
know the popular value of the
professional entertainer. They
pick the plays, realizing that
actors want roles, and that for
them theology is strictly Sec
ondary. They pay them well.
house them in villas. and keep
them fully employed in state
supported theaters. So actors
are among the most loyal
supporters Of their employers.
II the American Government
wants to enlist show business"
enthusiastically. let it afford
the American actor equal OPP
portunity with the British. con-
tinental European. and. yes.
Russian. Indirectly the Amer
lean taxpayer Is substituting
hundreds Of professional thea
tiers in Europe whose actors.
playing q new role every week
or two, are guaranteed seasonal
engagements and opportunity,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-19
Bio Powers Must Be the Conciliotors
In Upcoming Bottles Over Water

would share in it--Jordan,
Syria, Israel and Lebanon. 1t
involves the diversion of upper
Jordan tributaries for storage
and irrigation.
Mr.. Johnston is expected
here now in late September.
The Lebanese Parliament has
unanimously adopted a reso-
luton rejecting it because it
includes Israel, but the Leb-
anese President has said he
will not be bound by that. The
Parliament Is pressing for the
Litani River project, local and
smaller.
Jordan also, which along
with Israel would be the great
beneficiary Of the Johnston
plan, also has its own blue
prints, done by a United States
engineering firm in part A.
nanced by the United States
Government. If the Johnston
plan falls, this Jordan plan
will come to the fore and much
will then be heard of the fact
that Jordan has taken by far
the great majority of the Pal
estine refugees. more than
doubling its own population.
and has given them citizen
ship.
There is also an Arab plan
prepared by a committee OF
the Arab League composed of
technical experts from Egypt,
Syria, Jordan and Lebanon.
Being exclusively Arab, 1t
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-19

no way of proving by accept
able evidence what became Of
the hypothetical contributions,
and he greatly undertakes
American intelligence about
Communist tactics. Everybody
who has ever been in a trade
union, professional. or do-good
organization has had expert
ence with them.
But actors with their court
room audience) are in show
business" Some Of them are.
through television. household
personalities who have thrilled
by their villainy, evoked de-
lighted laughter by their COM
edy. drawn tears by their
pathos. So the Un-Ameritbn
Activities Committee gives
them a stage on which to show
their stuff. OF course, they
show it. Most Of them refuse
to cooperate. They invoke the
Fifth Amendment. or register
simple contempt. They play a
clustering st. George riding
against the dragon of oppres-
sion; or a mild, conscientious
little man defending his inner
beliefs. or a prim lady who
Just doesn't talk about people
I know" and except for a few
gimlet-eyed groups on hand to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-19
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Moral of the code: II have to get
doesn't end in q tie
Harry Truman says he'll tear into the Republicans this
fall He'll concentrate the farm votedemoishng every
straw man in the land.
States welcome Of the Russian farm delegation
still hasn't fully repaid Moscows hospitality House nvest
the Reds have been entertaining on
Broadway for years
claims he and q friend caught Is rainbow trout
Strange thing but Americans always trust President who
hshes-except when he's fishing.
Joe Ryan, longshoreman union boss Is indicted on
charges OF evadng $4,000 in Ryans friends are
astounded They thought this Eisenhower administration
favored big business
Senate Leader Knowand Republicans will win with
without Knowland figures the Republican Party Is
stronger popular figure Didn't 1t survive for 20 years
without one?
says those Abob explosions aren't upettng every
thing? Las Vegas gambling joint reports that II mas mao
persistent losing streak for months.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-19
They Could Stop Downing US. Aircraft,
Free Prisoners and Call Spies Home
BROWN

If the Soviet and Chinese
Communist leaders were to
wipe OF their smirks and offer
US some tangible proof Of good
intentions, the American peo-
pie might regard their bids
for friendship with less
skepticiSm.
But at the very time when
the top men in Moscow and
Peiping are urging peace on
earth and good will among
men. Chinese Communist gun
ners have shot down an un-
armed American plane over
Korea.
1t is unlikely that the Red
gunners were trigger happy
as was intimated In the first
version of the incident. It is
more probable that the shoot
ing was ordered from higher
quarters to show the free peo-
Piles Of Asia Peiping's contempt
for the United States. The
Communist leaders probably
assume from past incidents
that the United States will
do nothing more than protest
the attack and will accept
some kind of half -hearted
explanation.
The Chinese and North Ko-
rean Communists repeatedly
have suffered a slight loss Of
face from President Rhee's
recent demand that the Com
muniSt armistice teams which
have acted more as spies than
observers be removed from
Korea. They were further
stung by Secretary Dulles in
dorsement Of MIR. Rhee's con-
tention that the Polish Czech
teams were spying. However,
MIR. Dulles said they should
be removed from Korea by
peaceful means. not by force
as Mr.. Rhee wanted. Peiping
has retaliated in its usual way.
The Russians are winning
and dining groups Of Amer
lean visitors to the USSR.
They are expected to roll out
the red carpet and order vast
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-19
Needed: A Codefor Government

formants. but the Ford Foun-
dalton study now being pub
licized is anonymous 50 far As
giving the facts or the story
of both sides or the sources Of
the study.
Nor is any information being
given to the public as to why
some of the questions asked in
hearings could be pertinent to
a security investigation. If a
boys father. for instance. is in
any way tied up with the
Communists or II he has rela-
tives behind the Iron Curtain,
this In itself doesn't mean the
oficer is suspected Of COM
munistic beliefs. It means
merely that he could be sub
ject to blackmail pressures.
This has happened again and
again. In fact, this very month
Americans working for Radio
Free Europe are finding that
their relatives behind the Iron
Curtain are being tortured in
an effort to bring pressure to
stop the radio broadcasts. The
same kind Of blackmail occurs
when a sex deviate is involved.
So it isn't nonsensical for a
security board to learn what it
can about the morals Of an
individual who has had some
associations with Communist
causes. It is only common
sense not to let anybody oc-
cupy a governmental position
or be given a post In the armed
services If he could later be
the victim Of attempted black
mail.
Representative Walter Of
Pennsylvania, Democrat, is
having a hard time with wit
nesses who refuse to testify.
They are trying to lampoon
his committee. Many Of them
are pleading the Fifth Amend
ment and are refusing to help
uncover the Communist con-
spiracy in the United States.
while some sections Of the
press are upholding the obvious
misuse Of constitutional pro-
visions. It isn't the kind Of
atmosphere which tends to
assure future prisoners OF war
that they will not be forgotten.
Reproduction Riehts ReserysdD
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-19
Are Our Actors Subverting America
With Lines From The Poiono Game?

The interrogation Of actors
by the House Un-American
Activities Committee reveals
the fatuousness of the means
presently used to combat COM
munism in the United States.
Programs and procedures
must justify themselves by re-
suits. If they cast the Gov
eminent in the role Of a grand
inquisitor, and one not even
understanding the releyancies
of the inquisition. they create
contempt for authority. Au-
thority may be cruel, and fear
inspiring. and still win public
support, If 1t is clear that
authority knows what it is
doing. What authority can
never survive Is to be ridicu-
lous.
The House Un-American
Activities Committee under
its chairman. Representative
Francis E. Walter, Pennsylva-
MIA Democrat, has arraigned
several well-known stage per-
sonalities before a packed au-
dience in a New York court
room.
The asserted reason for in
terrogating them is to deter
mine whether people in show
business have communicated
Communist propaganda to
their audiences.
This. in itself, is ridiculous.
Actors do not select plays nor
accept or reject roles for
theological reasons. Mr.. WAL
ter, however, has revealed that
the asserted reason is not the
real one. He claims that the
actors called are known to be
or have been active Commu-
nists, heavy contributors to
the Communist cause, and
tits our duty to find out
what was done with the
money" He said that II 1t
hadn't been for the commit
tee hearings "the people Of
America wouldn't have been
aware that there is such q
thing as q Communist con-
spiracy in the United States"
Mr.. Walter. however, has
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-19

by continual work. TO become
first-rate artists.
Let a congressional commit
tee investigate the condition Of
the American theatrical pro-
fession. with its appalling rate
Of unemployment.
Give the actor a stage, with
out which he simply does not
exist. Not q stage in the court
room. A stage in a theater.
His Judge will never be a con-
gressional committee. 1t will
always be the audience.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-19
River Plans for the Middle East

probably must depend on Arab
funds, which do not appear in
sight.
Some of the Arab states that
have the money do not seem
interested.
King ,Saud entertained re-
Gently for the Greek-born ship
ping magnate, Aristotle Soc
rates Onassis, who is doing a
lucrative business with that
kingdom. adding to the Kings
$3.50 million annual oil royal
ties. The King appealed to the
Western powers to do justice to
Palestine Arabs and to liberate
Arab North Africa. He said
he was seeking Arab unity.
He said nothing whatsoever
about putting any Of his spare
cash into helping the Arabs
achieve education or giving the
refugees jobs.
U. N. experts expect that the
battle over water will be the
major issue Of this area for the
next ID months. The big pow
ers, they feel, must necessarily
be the conciliators.
Most men of long experience
here suggest that the United
States and Britain will in the
end have to twist arms on all
sides, hard and impartially.
This would mean a heated at
mosphere for time but they
are sure it would get the de-
sired results. Their advice re-
calls Harry Humans famous
motto: If you can't take the
heat, get out Of the kitchen"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-19
Reds Could Prove Their Sincerity

In Red Star, Soviet army pub
location, was that "the Swe-
dish papers are trying to SOW
confusion and mistruSt in re-
lations between the USSR and
her neighbors and are acting
on behalf Of certain circles
who are still trying to poison
the international atmosphere"
Until they are given more
important assignments Rus
sian submarines are very active
in espionage work and in land
ing Soviet arms and agents in
many areas in European wa
tiers. in the Pacific and even In
the Caribbean. The Navy De-
partment has repeatedly re-
piled to reports that subma-
rines had been spotted In the
Caribbean by non-Navy YES
sells with the statement that no
allied or American submarines
were known to be in the area.
but on investigation nothing
was detected. There are strong
suspicious that by the time
naval vessels or planes arrived
to investigate the strange sub
marines - probably improved
Snorkels-had escaped detec.
ton. The Philippines govern
ment is said to have evidence
that submarines of unknown
nationality" but definitely not
belonging to any free country
have appeared repeatedly on
coasts Of its islands.
Hating of the shooting down
of American planes on peaceful
missions, liberation Of Ameri-
cans from Soviet and Chinese
Communist jails and camps
and a moderate reduction Of
espionage activities would give
the world some reason to be-
lieve that the peace and CO.
existence propaganda Of the
Red axis has some basis OF
sincerity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-19
Bottle Does Go On After Capture ofPOWs
But Back Home, It's a Bottle to Appeose

a seat in the Security Council
Of the United Nations. This
is called relaxing tension"
After the last world war.
the war criminals of militia
ristic Japan and Nazi Ger
many were punished. After
the Korean war, the war
criminals have bsen permitted
to 60 scot free and may yet be
rewarded with q seat in the
United Nations.
How can future soldiers be
inspired to tight for ideals If
the members Of the United
Nations in whose great cause
$4,000 American boys were
sacrificed are to disregard
idealS2
But disconcerting express
sions from governments and
statesmen allied with us are
only O part Of the current
wave Of appeaSement.
There is, for example. q de-
liberate attempt to pooh-pooh
Communist infiltration in the
United States. Scarcely a day
passes that some blow isn't
struck at those who are fight
ing Communist subversion.
Thus. in the last few days a
document has been published
Of a study financed by the
Ford Foundation. It selects
pieces of testimony and tries
to make the security proceed
ings Of the United States
capricious and ludicrous. No
where is the full transcript
Of any hearing given so that
both sides Of the cross-exam-
nation and the reasons for it
can be understood.
When Senator Mccarthy
stood up in the Senate and
gave selected items about in
dividuals suspected of Com
munist associations, he was
pilloried for giving only one
side. But when the Ford
Foundation study gives only
piecemeal items without all the
background, no criticism is
voiced from left wing quarters.
Recently there has been a hue
and cry about anonymous in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-19

quantities Of the best Caspian
Sea caviar and champagne
from the Caucasus when
American Senator'S and Repre-
sentatiyes arrive in Moscow in
the next few weeks. But it
would seem more fitting to the
American people II the top
men in Moscow we're to order
the release of all remaining
Americans in Soviet prisoner
of-war and labor camps. After
all we were allies of Russia in
the last war and there can be
no conceivable reason why
American military men should
ever have been put in prisoner
stockades.
Only recently a German
prisoner of war who returned
to West Germany stated that
he had met an American Air
Force lieutenant who still wore
his uniform in a Soviet camp.
The Air Force had listed him
as lost and presumed dead in
the Far East in 1914. It can be
assumed that he had managed
to bail out on Soviet territory
and fell into Red hands.
Neither the State Depart
ment nor the Pentagon has
any definite idea how many
Americans are still in Russian
jails or labor camps. A full re-
port and the immediate release
of these unfortunates would
mean more than all the smiles
Of the men in the Kremlin and
vast outpouring of caviar and
champagne for selected groups
of American curiosity seekers
who are being given a peek
through the Iron Curtain.
Recently. Swedish papers,
which are overwhelmingly and
logically neutralist, have been
complaining about repeated
appearances Of Soviet subma-
rines in Sweden's territorial
waters. The published stories
swere based. according to in
formation here, on factual re-
ports from Stockholm author
tiles. The Soviet reply given
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-19
DAVID LAWRENCE

It's strange to be reading q
solemn announcement from
q committee Of eminent SOL
diers and civilians prescribing
q code Of conduct for Ameri-
cans who may be captured
hereafter as prisoners Of war.
What WARP Only . few days
ago-after Geneva-the world
was being told there isn't going
to be any more war and that
1t is too horrible even to mem
ton the subject in an age Of
nuclear weapons.
The document which tells
future prisoners to be coura-
geous also says that "the fight
continues after the battle"
This implies that the folks
back home continue the battle.
too.
It doesn't look that way now.
Thousands Of American boys
and some British. too. and
the soldiers Of other allies
were captured and many Of
them were tortured. But, all
during the time they were suf-
fering. the fight" Ii their be-
half consisted to q large extent
Of exploring ways and means
of appeasing the Communists.
Today, even as the prisoners
come back and tell Of the
frightful torture they encoun-
tered, there are prominent
men In. governments allied
with US who want to reward
the Red China government
with o seat in the United Ma
tions. Red China was declared
an aggressor by the United Ma
tons and is responsible for the
cruelties and atrocities inflicted
on soldiers who fought in be-
half of the United Nations.
What's needed is a new code
Of conduct for governments
that send boys OF to war and
forget them within a few
months after the battle Is over.
Dispatches from prominent
writer's and from many cap
itals Of the world all indicate
that the next move is to ap-
pease Red China and give her
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-19
District Welcomes
IMuyor From Britain

The District Commissioners
yesterday declared they would be
pleased to welcome to the Ma
tion's Capital the Lord Mayor
and Mrs. Tibbits OF Warwick,
England. who plan to arrive here
on a tour Of the United States
next Wednesday.
They will be accompanied by
Mayor Joseph Mills Of Warwick,
r. l.. which is staging q festival
in honor Of both Warwicks dur
ing the week beginning Au-
gust 26.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-19
Army Unit to Meet

Members of the 103d General
Hospital, United States Army,
which served in England during
World War II, will hold a re-
union at the Hotel Statler at 4
pm. tomorrow.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-04-02
4th Circuit Appeals
Smashes Segregation
In Use OF City Parks

BALTIMORE, Md. - The
Separate but equal" doctrine
which for many years has been
the law and bible for the
Southern courts for uphold
ing segregation took another
beating this week.
The U. S. Fourth Circuit
Court of Appeals declared that
racial segregation in public
parks and recreational faci-
Titles is a violation of the law
and that it can no longer "be
sustained as q proper exer-
else OF the police power of
the state"
The ruling was rendered
Monday, March IA, in the
Dawson and Lonesome cases
involving Jim Crow swimming
and beach facilities near Bal
timore and brought against
the city and the state by at
torneys for NAACP Legal and
Educational Fund.
The three judges, Chief
Judge John ]. Parker of
Charlotte, N. c., Judge Morris
A. Soper Of Baltimore and
Judge Armistead M. Dobie of
Charlottesville, Va. unanimous
ly agreed that the U. S. Sup
rene Court May 18th decision
outlawing segregation in pub
lie schools swept away" the
authority of the PleSsy ".
Ferguson separate but equal
law of the 10th century. Ro-
bert L. Carter, first Assistant
Counsel, NAACP Legal De-
tense, argued the appeal IL
behalf OF the colored litigants
It is obvious that segrega'
ton cannot be justified as
means to preserve the publ
peace merely because tn
tangible facilities fuxnfsla :
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-04-02

BENNET MAY QUEEN-MisS
Nina Graham, Bennett College
senior, who was elected May
Queen In the campus-wide
elections held this week. The
daughter Of MIR. and Mrs.
John Graham of GA Nam
tucket Street, she will reign
over the traditional May Day
festival on May z. Miss VIII
lie Mae McIver will be maid
Of honor and representatives
Of each of the classes will be
ladies' -in-waiting.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-04-02
Outside Cash Contributors
To St. Marks New Building

Townsend Drug, Laurel Drug,
.Chisolm Funeral Chapel, Yer
non E. Perctyal, Bishop David
Channer, william B. Akens,
Jr., Sinclair Kirton, Rev. L.
Hunter, Ralph Bowen, Inter-
johnson, Satyra P. Bennett,
Edward J. Whitley, Ralph A.
Gauyin, William Harrison, Al
fred Houghton, Myrtis Hank
inson, Maurice L. Smith, Jr.,
Walter Allen Smith Lucille o.
Smith, Clyde Christmas, Phil
lip Jones, Edward Saunders, L.
Lincoln Kinds and Freedom
House. List to be continued.
Help the Guardian celebrate
its 55th anniversary by telling
your dealer you saw his ad-
VertiSement in the Cha rdiar,
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-04-02
RUSSWURM AWARD
TO ED SULLIVAN z

Ed Sullivan, host and CO.
producer OF Obs Television's
Toast OF the Town, was no
nored with the John B. Russ
wurn Award bestowed by the
National Newspaper Publish
ers Association, for outstand-
ing work in race relations and
better understanding among
the people of this country.
Other recipients of the,
award include Pre- side MT
Dwight D. Eisenhower, Assist
ant Secretary of Labor, j. Err
nest wilkins, New York Giants
ballplayer Willie Mays, DR..
John H Fischer, Superinten-
dent of Schools in Baltimore.
and the World Council of
Churches.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1955-04-02

Funeral services for Oswald
j. Sanford of 80 Hammond st,
Roxbury were held at the
Twelfth Baptist Church,
Shawmut Ave, at 1 pm Sa-
turday, March Is, 2955. A ma
tive of Mashpee, Mass, he
came to Boston as a young
man and remained here until
his tragic death, Wednesday,
March q, 1855.
He was employed as Fore
man in the Flammia Bros.
Garage, Medford, Mass, where
the unfortunate accident oc-
Cured. He was highly respect
ed and thought of for his abb
litieS and Gentlemanliness.
not only by his fellow employ
eeS but the residents of the
town as well.
here In Boston he also pos
seSsed many friends and was
a charter member of the Fa-
theirs Club of the Robert
Gould Shaw House. Members
OF the Fathers Club were ho-
norary pallbearers and every
member OF the club who pos
sibly could be was present.
The high Fegard he command
ContiRued on Page Four