davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The people's voice., 1955-12-30
MING CONFERENCE STRONGLY OPPOSED ENDING
OF FEDERAL Responsibility TO INDIANS

treaty obligations with its own Indian
people at home. He made an eloquent
plea for more federal assistance for
the effective rehabilitation of Indian
families and youth. Indians and many
of the whites agree with him although
there were some recommendations
that the Indian problem is mainly one
for the local communities and the In
dians themselves to solve.
One disquieting report brought into
the conference indicated pitiful sit
uation on the Rocky Boy Indian reser-
vation where there is too little land
and too few opportunities for the
large population. The complaints of
lack of food for whole families
prompted an investigation a few days
later by welfare agencies and worried
citizens.
1t was not mentioned that while
the Rocky Boy Indians suffer econom-
ic and social pains a large private
white mans corporation has explora-
ton crews on the reservation sound
ing the land formations for valuable
thought to be in sizeable
deposits there.
The people's voice., 1955-12-30
FARM-CITY PRICE
SPREAD MIDEkS

WASHINGTON, d. C.-(CNS)-
Failure of retail food prices to follow
the drop in farm prices is "a real OBJ
stacle" to ending surpluses, Agricul
ture Secretary Ezra Benson said De-
cember %. He said farm commodity
prices skidded 1919 since November,
1854, while retail food prices have
only dropped 20.
The farmer got only 39c of the
consumers food dollar in November,
his smallest share in Is years. A year
ago, his share was 42c.
Benson blamed the widening spread
between farm and city food prices On
Increased marketing costs" He did
not mention that professors profit
margins have widened in recent years.
The people's voice., 1955-12-30

Strong overtones of opposition to
withdrawal of fedora responsibility
to the Indians as we'll as opposition
to liquidation of the reservations were
expressed by both Indian and white
participants at the recent conference
on Indian affairs at Northern Mon
tana College, Havre, attended by
some 200 interested citizens.
Much concern was shown for edu
cation of Indian children and it was
emphasized that many Indian chill
dren of school age do not attend
school because they lack decent
clothes and shelter and even proper
food, among other reasons. Drop-outs
are too frequent among Indian chill
dren in the sixth to eighth year of
school. Indian youths who do finish
high school show strong desire to
go to college but are hampered by
lack of financing.
In one of the group meetings on
Indian education, James Archdale of
the Fort Peck reservation raised a
question as to how the u. S. gov
ernment can send billions of dollars
of aid overseas and not fulfill its
The people's voice., 1955-12-30
ANNUAL FU SCHOOL
STARTS JANUARY 5
In GREAT FALLS

When the annual Montana Farm
ers Union school convenes at the
state Flu building in Great Falls OH
January 8, there will be on hand a
number of well known State Univer-
sity and College professors to assist
Flu officials in conducting the organi-
zation's annual school for local and
county officers of the farm group.
The school runs from the 9th
through the 18th of next month. I'M
mediately after it's completion, the
fourth annual regional Farmer-Labor
Institute will be held at the Flu state
office building, through cooperation
of Electric City labor leaders and the
Farmers Union. The institute, two
day affair, ends on January 10.
One of the highlights of the FIJI
school schedule will be a thorough
discussion of ways and means to help
farm people reach better under
standing of farm income protection
and rural living problems. Glasses
will be conducted on farm legislation,
public power, propaganda analysis,
Montana's new election laws, cooper
atives and insurance, and the United
Nations.
The people's voice., 1955-12-30

The hearing also revealed that So
Indian families on the reservation
receive Categorical assistance" from
state and county welfare including
aid to dependent children, aid to the
disabled and old age assistance. Funds
from this type of welfare come mostly
from local taxes. Meanwhile the fed
eral Bureau of Indians Area Office
in Billings has $249,205 allocated to
welfare and guidance" according to
an Associated Press dispatch of June
26, 1856.
During the last week of November
a barrage of strong letters went to
federal authorities in Washington,
D. c., protesting the lack of a relief
program on the Rocky Boy Indian
reservation. Great Falls people who
did the protesting were aware of the
possibility of many of those deperate
Indians coming to Hill 81 to stay with
their relatives where there are al
ready some 800 children, as a recent
survey shows. James j. Flaherty, past
president of the Great Falls Chamber
of Commerce, has been untiring in
his efforts to get some action out of
federal officials in Montana and in
Washington, not only for unfortunate
Rocky Boy Indians but also for the
needy on neighboring Fort Belknap
reservation. AS a result of the letters
the hearing on Rocky Boy was called.
Ill Al
the Indians own Tribal Council on
the reservation voted to meet the
emergency by dipping into their
meager operating funds and max
ing $1,000 available for the pur-
chase of groceries for distribution
to the needy. They added two head
of beef, knowing full well they were
jeopardizing the operations of their
farming and grazing units next
year. Hard-hit by the depression in
the cattle industry, the tribal farm
ers wonder where they will find the
money with which to meet the next
payment on their revolving fund
loan. But they know hungry fami-
lies must eat.
The Tribal Council tried to meet
he food shortage just before Thanks
giving by getting permission to bring
g Yellowstone Park buffalo to the
reservation for slaughter. For these
Inimals they paid the federal park
$40 a head. Distributing
he meat at 10 cents pound to cover
osts which included transportation
nd labor, they went in the red S140
n the operation.
The people's voice., 1955-12-30
House Report No. 2503,
82nd Congress, Second
Session Shows:

In 1851 the population of the
Rocky Boys Indian reservation
was 1882 people with an average
annual family income of $500. The
extent of the trust lands was 1885,
472 acres of which SIS, ,181 acres
were Indian-operated and 49,469
acres were non-Indian operated.
The farm acres are assigned by
the Tribal Council to the Rocky
Boys Indian members. There are
no allotments and therefore all
the acreage is held in trust by the
federal government.
The people's voice., 1955-12-30
Attorney General Tells nv Audience
"YoU Have q Date With Your
Government In 1856"

'The people of Montana have a
hundred million dollar stake in the
present state land litigation. This
is the amount that the state will
save if the Supreme Court outlaws
the present legislative price cell
ings."
BASIC ISSUE VERY PLAIN
Every citizen in Montana should
know and understand the issues
involved in the oil leasing contro-
versy. The basic issue is very plain
lis Montana to be limited by
price ceiling on everything it sells
to an oil company"
"The people of Montana should
be interested to know that the
highest price the Legislature allows
us to get for our oil lands is the
lowest price everywhere else. The
minimum royalty in the state of
Texas on school lands is over 40
higher than the maximum we are
allowed in Montana.
"The gap between Montana and
the major oil producing states is
constantly widening. They are get
ting more and more for their oil,
we are getting less and less.
"Our royalties are limited, our
rentals are limited, our penalties
are limited and the greatest amount
that we can take is less than prac-
tically any other state will accept"
This is your government. You
should keep your date in 1856 and
vote in the best interests of your
pocketbook," Olsen concluded.
The people's voice., 1955-12-30

By mid-December, still plagued by
cries of hunger among their people,
the Tribal Council members sent ur-
gent wires to Congressman Metcalf
and Flare asking for supplies of non-
perishable surplus food now in gov
ernment storage. Metcalf sent his
message on to Secretary Ezra Ben
sons Department of Agriculture and
got reply that it would be impracti-
cal to send the produce because the
reservation has no refrigeration! !!
Upon this, Paul Eagleman, elected
spokesman for "a families, comment
ed: 'No need to worry; they would
eat it right now"
NO RELIEF PLANNED BY
BUREAU
Paul Eagleman reports he was
turned down twice between Nov. IL
and Dec. g by the Agency when seek
ing relief for the people he repre-
sents. He was told there was no relief
planned for the Rocky Boy Indians
this winter. Following the last re-
fusal, he wrote radio station KMON
requesting help from the public.
Spurred by reports coming di-
rectIy to her by Indian people,
Sister Providencia of the College
of Great Falls, put Hunger SOS"
on KMON, Dec. 11-12, asking the
people of Hill county to rush food
to the Rocky Boy reservation pend
ing a meeting next Tuesday on win
ter relief Annie Popher of Hill 81
told Sistr Providncia last night that
her relatives at Rocky Boy do not
know where to turn for a crust of
bread :"
Immediately the radio station re-
ceived a joint statement by the Hill
County Welfare Department and Bu-
reau of Indian Affairs charging "mis-
and saying: "The Hill
County Welfare Department has not /
had an unusual number of applica-
lions for assistance. The applications
hat have been received have been
Continued on Page Four)
The people's voice., 1955-12-30
Farms Get Bigger

WASHINGTON, d. C.-(CNS)-
Farms today are bigger than ever.
In 1854, they averaged 242 acres,
a 121a% increase since 1850. This
is an acceleration of 45-year trend
in u. S. agriculture.
The people's voice., 1955-12-30

except Tor Rev. y Ohn Denan, Lutheran
missionary who has also called atten-
tion to the distress. Good citizens of
Great Falls, about 100 miles away,
have responded. The latter acknowl-
edging the serious situation have
turned on federal officials and not
without some heat have urged imme-
diate assistance. But the Bureau ap-
parently sits in cold indifference.
Why?
Some bundles of food, but not
enough, have been sent into the reser-
walton by sympathetic Great Falls
citizens. A College of Great Falls
student, Francis Mitchell, made an
Indian leader loan of $50 of his
own savings which was used to feed
81 reservation families from Dec.
9-13. Lutheran Welfare supplied 22
baskets of food. Some Great Falls
people, through the efforts of Sister
Providencia and George Gregoire,
made a Christmas Eve donation Of
$50 in cash, fifty-pound sacks Of
flour and about 200 pounds of frozen
venison.
These good-neighbor efforts are
wonderful, but they are not enough.
They are sporadic and only stop-gap
attempts to stave off the hunger be-
ing suffered by hundreds of human
beings. Imagine LAG families on
reservation with resources too meager
to take care of all of them even in
the bright and hopeful days of sum-
mer! Now in deep winter, at least
48 of those 146 Indian families have
no visible means of support. And
fifty Rocky Boy reservation families
in the Havre area are said to be in
great deprivation.
Many of the reservation families
sought assistance from the Bureau
of Indian Affairs early in Novem-
Der. AS of Dec. 22, one family had
received a federal check for $50
after waiting weeks. The family
had applied for help Nov. %, but
it was known assistance was need
ed as early as Nov. Ia Forty other
families who applied on Dec. IA
are still waiting as this is being
written Dec. 27.
NEED FOR HELP EXISTS
At public hearing on the relief
needs conducted at the Indian Agency
headquarters, Dec. 13, it was ac-
by Bureau officials that
Il reservation families were in need
,r without visible means of support.
rhe hearing had been called because
If pressure by Senators Murray and
Mansfield and Congressman Metcaf.
The people's voice., 1955-12-30
Indian Bureau Sits On $249, g % Relief
Money While Rocky Boys ylrve
BY LEONARD KENFIELD, Great Falls

LEONARD KENFIELD
while
The people's voice., 1955-12-30
By REP. LEE METCALF

have just learned that practically
all of the 264 national wildlife refugees
were thrown open to oil and gas leas-
ing on December 2 under new code
signed by Secretary OF the Interior
Mckay.
According to a Special release by
the wildlife Management Institute,
most of the 17,472,182 acres admin
istered by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service were made available to the
oil and gas operators.
The revision of the regulations to
permit all but a few acres of our ma
tional game refuge lands to be invad-
ed by the petroleum interests makes
imperative the quickest possible en-
actment of my bill, HR 5306.
The measure, co-sponsored in the
Senate by Senator~Humphrey, would
require the approval of Congress be-
fore the Secretary of the Interior
could relinquish all, or any part of
our wildlife refugees.
1t would take only another stroke
of Secretary McKay's pen to let
rocket-shooters and other CONNER
cial interests over-run the refugees
and complete their destruction as
wildlife preserves.
Secretary McKay's revision of regu-
lations to let the oil drillers into the
preserves is shocking because he de-
clared only few weeks ago that no
such thing would occur. In speech
to the Republican club at Corvallis,
Oregon, on October 27, 1866, he said:
'I can tell you flatly that no new reg
ulations will be authorized unless they
give far more protection to our ref
uges than they did before the stop
order" This was an order holding up
all applications for oil leases on ref
uge lands. =
It has been known for months that
there were selfish interest pressures
for the revision of regulations now
in effect. But it was also understood
that former Assistant Secretary Orne
Lewis had held the matter on his desk
for more than year.
SITUATION REVERSED UPON
o'EwART TAKING OFFICE
Secretary McKay's October 27
pledge was consequently regarded as
closing the matter and ending the oil
ease threat to the refugees at least for
| time. The situation has been COM
,letely reversed, the Secretary
,ledge violated and the regulations
evised within six weeks of Wesley
)'Ewart's assumption of MIR. Lewis
,ost on an unconfirmed interim ap-
,ointment as Assistant Secretary in
barge of public lands.
Opening our refugees to oil exploi-
Evening star., 1955-03-04
BY the Assoeiofsd Press

NEW YORK, Mar. 4.-Evan-
gelist Billy Graham addressed
more than $4,000 persons last
night at Madison Square Gar
den while 5000 more who
couldn't get into the packed
arena stood listening outside via
loudspeakers.
The Garden-scene of sport
| ing events, ice shows, the circus
and rodeos-had the aspect of a
church during the two-hour
meeting. There was no ap-
plause for speakers or singers.
Before the main rally, Mr..
Graham went outside to speak
/ to the overflow crowd. =
He said at the rally that both
President Eisenhower and Sir
Winston Churchill believe the
salvation of the world lies in a
religious revival.
| Speaking Of the fear en-
gendered by the hydrogen bomb,
Mr.. Graham said, "for the first
time we are fighting with our
backs to the wall"
The H-bomb did not make
ITSELF" Mr.. Graham said, but
was made by man-and there's
, something wrong with man."
About 1000 persons responded
to Mr.. Graham'S urging for con-
verts and his plea to publicly
acknowledge God" The volun-
teers. filing down to the rostrum,
were given cards to sign headed,
MY Decision"
Evening star., 1955-03-04

Army handwriting expert from
Camp Gordon, Ga; Sergt. 1/c
Ralph E. Culbertson, Boise,
Idaho; Sergt. Marvin E. Talbert
and 1t. Jefferson D. Erwin.
Mr.. Byrd disputed testimony
of another expert witness who
swore Mr.. Nugent's signature
had been forged to a surrender
leaflet. Mr.. Byrd testified it was
impossible to tell whether the
name was forged or not.
Sergt. Culbertson quoted Mr..
Nugent as telling him in a prison
camp:
Il don't care If the war lasts
three days, three months or
three years. I will be alive"
Evening star., 1955-03-04
Red Cross Shipping
Gamma GIobuIin 10 States

The shipment of 100000 cubic
centimeters (almost one toni of
the blood derivative gamma glo-
bulin to State and territorial
public health officers was an
nounced yesterday by the direc-
tor of the American Red Cross
Blood Program.
DR.. David N. w. Grant, pro-
gram director, said the ship
ments mark resumption of Red
Cross distribution of gamma
globulin for use in combating
measles. hepotitis and infantile
paralysis.
In keeping with Red Cross pol
icy, he said. no charge will be
made for Red Cross gamma
globulin to persons receiving it.
Evening star., 1955-03-04
RebuttaI Witnesses
To End Testimony in
Nugent Trial Today

FORT SILL. Okla, Mar. A.
Rebuttal witnesses were expected
to complete their testimony today
as the general court-martial Of
Maj. Ambrose H. Nugent on col
laboration charges rounds out its
sixth week,
Mai. Thomas H. Reese, Army
prosecutor. told the nine-colonel
court he planned to call two
more witnesses. Mai. Nugent's
attorney, Maj. Robert E. Hough,
indicated he had only two wit
nesses in countering rebuttal
testimony. Maj. Nugent, who
concluded his direct testimony
yesterday. also may be recalled
by his counsel for a few ques-
tions.
After presentation of final
prosecution and defense wit
nesses, members of the court will
have an opportunity to call any
witnesses they might desire to
be heard. Then, final arguments
will be heard.
Longest on Record.
Next, 1t. Col. Donald L. Names,
law officer. will give instructions
on legal points to the board of
nine colonels. seven of whom
served in Korea. They then will
retire to deliberate the case,
which has established a record
as the longest trial in military
history.
Maj. Nugent. a 45-year-old
artilleryman from Merrill. Wis,
is the sixth American to be court
martialed for collaboration in the
Korean conflict. The other five
have been convicted. Maj. Nu-
gent is accused of making "slan-
derous" propaganda speeches
blaming the war on the United
Nations forces, circulating phony
peace petitions. blocking escape
of fellow POWs and signing sur
render leaflets urging UN forces
to stop this useless war"
After completing his third day
on the stand. Maj. Nugent rested
his defense yesterday on the nine
charges of collaborating with his
Communist captors.
Pleads for Acquittal.
His counsel pleaded for ac-
quittal on two grounds:
/. That he participated in
some Communist propaganda
activities, as charged in his
court-martial, but he did so on
orders of his superior officer.
2. That his other acts of CO.
operation were forced by threats
and brutality of his Red captors.
Four rebuttal witnesses then
were called by the Army. They
were CWO George R. Byrd,
Evening star., 1955-03-04
Billy Graham Draws ~, 900
At Madison Square Garden

The cards read: II am con-
vinced that I am a sinner. I be-
lieve that Christ died for sinners
and shed his blood to put away
my sins. I now receive the Lord
Jesus Christ as my personal lord
and savior"
Mr.. Graham leaves in about a
week for Glasgow, Scotland,
where he will hold a six-week re-
Vival series.
Evening star., 1955-03-04
Woman Reports Theft
Of Purse With $2.85

Mrs. Edna Strickland, Sc, told
police she was robbed of her
purse as she walked in the 1900
block of First street S.W. at
1890 pm. yesterday.
Mrs. Strickland, colored, who
lives at 78 @ street S.W,. said
colored youth took her purse
S235.
Evening star., 1955-03-04
DOncaster ''dleep tOne''
WOOL GABARDINES
$50

deep tone" wooIens, it's no surprise that Don
caster sout in front with deep tone" wool eobor-
dimes. There are "deep tone" browns, blues and
eroys Tailored with "soft construction" there
ore both two and three-button single breasted
models. And, consistent with Doncoster standards,
each suit has world Of fine detail and extroordi-
nary finish. Next time you are in Woodies, drop
by The Mems Store and ask to see this excep-
tionolIy fine suit
W5L-The Mems Store End Floor
also Chevy Chase and Alxondrio
The Lincoln times., 1955-03-31

u. S. Losing A War To Reds In
Schools SoysHeodOfN.AM.

The United States is losing a
war TO Russia, not on the battle
fields. but in our schools, because
the Soviet Union is training en-
gineerS two and a half times fast
er than we are, Henry G. Ritter,
Bird, president of the National As
Sociation Of Manufacturers, said
in a recent speech observing Ma
tional Engineering Week.
Best estimates are that the
United States has about 100000
engineers and 100000 scientists,
while Russia mas 100000 engi-
neers and 10000 scientists.
That's not much of a gap. and
small as it is, the Russians are
closing it rapidly. because they
have graduated $4,000 more en-
gineers than we have in the last
four years." the NAM president
emphasized.
Pointing out that while Amer
lean engineering graduates drop
ped from $4,000 in 1850 to 49,
700 in 1854, the Soviet Union re-
volutionized its scholastic poll
cieS and increased the number
of engineering graduates to So
The Lincoln times., 1955-03-31
Railroads Predict
Better Year In IS

The United States will never
have the completely healthy rail-
road industry it ought to have
until governmental regulation of
transportation is put on a more
equitable basis, William T. Fa-
ricy, president of the Association
of American Railroads, said on
recent cts Your Business
radio program.
This healthy condition, so
badly needed for the economic
Well-being of the country, can
not exist until the railroads have
complete equality of opportunity
with their competitors, he added.
Mr.. Farley said the industry is
looking forward to a better year
in 1855 than it had in 1854, that
present trends indicate this year
will fall somewhere between 1854,
which was not so good a year
for us, and 1858, which was a
good year"
James M. Hood, president of
the American Short Line Rail-
road Association, on the same
broadcast, said that employment
in the railroad industry will be
better in 1855 since carloadings
and railroad revenues promise to
improve this year.
The Lincoln times., 1955-03-31
Meeting Of Adult
Education Leaders
Here On April 9TH

A meeting of all adult educa-
ton leaders in Lincoln county will
be held in the home agents office
in the basement of the county
courthouse on Thursday. April 7
at $3.50 pm.
Due to the fact that only a
small group attended the last
meeting, no definite plans for set
ting up an organization were made
1t is hoped that this can be done
at the April 7th meeting.
In reporting on the State Edu-
cation meeting held last month
in Chapel Hill, Area Librarian
George Linder asked these ques-
tions to set thought trends in mo-
ton:
l. Is Adult Education needed?
2. What is being done now? 3. Is
it means to a democratic way of
life? 4. What lines of communica-
ton do we need to carry out
plans?
1t is pointed out that adult ed
ucation leaders need to coordinate
their efforts to bring about a bet
ter way of life for the citizens of
Lincoln county. A good attendance
of adult education leaders is urged
for the April 7th meeting, and to
come prepared to give helpful sug-
geStionS.