davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-19
Store Summer Clothes
Mrs. C. w. H., Alexandria

Mrs. c. w. H., Alexandria
To the bride who wanted to
know about storing clothes for
the summer. You no doubt will
receive many answers on how
to store clothes. but this is the
method / have found to be the
simplest, although there Is
some initial outlay.
Buy plastic garment bags OF
the size you require. They can
be purchased economically on
sale. Do get heavy plastic.
however. Have your clothes
dry cleaned or air and brush
those which have only been
worn once or twice. Place in
zippered bags add mothballs
suspended in the bag from the
top, or place card board in the
bottom of the bag and put in
generous quantity of loose
mothballs. Upper shut and
forget about your clothes for
the summer. Just be sure to
add more mothballs as they
melt away.
have no patience myself
with the method of hanging
cleaned or dirty clothes in a
closet and spraying either the
clothes or the closet or both
every few weeks all summer.
If you have a closet you can
spray and then completely seal
up without opening all sum-
mer. I suppose that is easier.
The first method. using gar
ment bags. has been my proc
ess for many years. and I
have never had a moth hole
in a single garment. How
ever, the secret is tight Zip
pers and a constant supply Of
mothballs. You might also
close the hangar holes in the
top with adhesive or scotch
tape as an additional pre-
caution.
Even in a hot attic clothes
have remained untouched by
moths. However. your clothes
must be clean so that no larva
has a chance to develop before
the clothes go in the bag.
/ I used a blanket bag for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-19
|Wo111en's Club Meetings
In WASHINGTON Area

Petworth Woman's Club
Membership card party and
tea. 1:30 PM, home Of Mrs.
George F. Waltz.
SATURDAY
AAUW, Washington Branch
Tour Of the Corcoran Gall
lery Of Art led by Mrs. John
Slidell, IL am.
Cornell Women's Club
Annual spring luncheon, 1890
O'Clock, Broadmoor Hotel.
Guest speaker. DR.. Helen
Canoyer.
Women's Auxiliary Of the
Alpha Omega Fraternity-An-
nual benefit card party. $50
pm, Elk's Club, 1908 Fidlel
lane, Silver Spring.
st. Cecilia's Alumnae Asso-
ciation-Annual baby party,
to 5 o'clock. in the school hall
Presentation by the Bonnie
Parkhurst Marionettes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-19
TODAY

AAUW, Washington Branch
international Relations Com
mittee. 8 pm, l785 Massachu-
sets avenue NV. A discus
sion of the Jordan Valley de-
velopment.
Woman's Auxiliary Of the
Craftsman's Club of the Vet
Grams Administration - Meet
ing. 8 pm. Pierce Hall. Fiji
tenth and Harvard streets
NV.
TOMORROW
AAUW, Washington Branch
Individual liberties group,
7:45 pm, 1785 Massachusetts,
avenue NV.
YW-Wives-Luncheon meet
ing. 1915 pm. in the club
room of YWCA, Seventeenth
and K streets NV.
University of Maryland
Campus Club-Meeting, 1870
PM, in the new Episcopal
parish House, College avenue.
College Park. Speaker, Miss
Mae E. Cornell.
Potomac W0man's Club
Fine arts department, 8 pm.
Lyon Village Community House.
The Madrigal Singers from
Washington and Lee High
School.
Wells College Club--Meeting,
8 pm, home of Mrs. William
Runk, 1436 Holly street NV.
Guest speaker, Mrs. Edyth
Little.
THURSDAY
Virginia Compton Grand
mothers Club of Arlington
Meeting. noon, social hall of
the Cherrydale Meth odist
Church, Twentieth street at
North Monroe. Plant sale
before meeting.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-19
Banquet Addressed

Human relations are but
the mechanics of living in an
industrial society,"" DR.. Lydia
g. Giberson. personal adviser
to employees of the Metropoli-
tan Life Insurance Co., last
night told the second annual
Nurse-Management banquet of
the Metropolitan Washington
Industrial Nurses Association
at the Shorellam Hotel.
Speaking on Human Rela.
tons in Industry" DR.. Giber-
son stressed that it is Through
a nurses sympathy and UNI
Outstanding of all phases Of
the industrial medical prob
lem that much help can reach
those empowered to deal with
the worker"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-19
WHY GROW OLD?
Diet Is Just About Over
TopItOH With Exercises

on the floor and your legs
straight. Bend the left knee
up close to your abdomen. AS
you straighten the left leg,
bend the right. Continue, with
one leg Strengthening as the
other bends. The feet do not
touch the floor after you start
this exercise, but you should
bring the heels as close to the
floor as you can without touch
ing.
Here are the menus for to-
morrow:
Wednesday, April 20
Ninth Day.
BREAKFAST
One poached egg
One thin slice whole wheat toast
One cup coffee
LUNCHEON
Salad made of shredded lettuce
and one medium tomato
Lemon for dressing)
Two tablespoons cottage cheese
One glass SKINNED milk
One-half grapefruit
DINNER
Broiled liver
One portion spinach
One portion beets
One glass skinned milk
One orange
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-19
Answer to Query

Mrs. G. H. M, Arlington
To Mrs. L. R., Arlington:
Having done most of my laun-
dry for years, I did not have
trouble with brown spots in
the clothes until l switched to
the prepared starch that comes
in bottles. / have gone back
to the old fashioned way of
making my own starch, and
have had no more brown
spots,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-19
Mr.. J. C. R., Alexandria

Mr.. J. C. r., Alexandria
Here Is a wine recipe, and
1t is generally superior to the
best sauternes: One quart
(full and overfiowing) of
blossoms, no stems. gallon
boiling water, 3 oranges,
sliced and seeded, 8 lemons.
sliced and seeded, 8 pounds
graduated sugar, l yeast cake,
l pound raisins.
Wash the blossoms and
cover with the gallon of boil
ing water. Let stand "a hours,
then strain and add the other
ingredients. Let this stand for
4 days or a week, then strain
again and bottle. Put away
and forget until about Thanks
giving, then strain through
filter paper and re-bottle.
Note: Wine should be stirred
each day for 4 days or a week
after ingredients have been
added.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-19
Wine Recipes

Wine Recipes q
G. H. D., Washington
For Mrs. C.. B. N. Hyatts-
vile. who requested a recipe
for dandelion wine. here is an
old recipe Of my mothers,
who has been gone for over
20 years, and I can remem-
Der she was making 1t when
I was a child-so that is a
long time ago.
Dandelion Wine-Two
quarts flowers, 4 quarts boil
ing water. Let this set three
days and three nights. Add
az pounds graduated sugar
and l lemon sliced. Boil Is
minutes. When cool. add "a
cake yeast. Put in jars or
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-19
READERS CLEARING HOUSE

bowls. When quite cold. put
in a clean whiskey cask or
clean bottles and cork tight.
In q few months it will be
good.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09
Jesuits Open
New College
I'm Wheeling

WHEELING. w. Va. - NC) -
Wheeling College, the newest Jes-
uit College, will commence classes
Sept 25, to inaugurs'e its first aca-
demic year. Approximately 95
freshmen students will report on
Sept. IL.
The new college was srsetsd
by The Diocese Of Wheeling al .
cost of more than $1,000, 900 and
will be owned and operated by
the Jesuit Fathers of the Mary
land Provinss of the Society OF
Jesus. The first president OF
Wheeling College Is Father Law
renee r. McHush. ST.. formerly
Dean of Admissions at George.
fown University.
A newly erected faculty resi-
dence will be occupied by ten
priests and two lay Brothers. A
layman will act as registrar and
there will be one lay teacher dur
ing the first academic year.
The college is eo-educatlonal and
will offer curricula in several
fields including Writing an d
Speaking Arts, Political Science
Sociology, Chemistry, Biology, Pre-
Medical, Pre-Dental, Business Ad
ministration, and Accounting.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09
Plans Laid
Continued from Page h

Continued from Page ID
chairman, and Mrs. John II. Kock-
ensparger, co-chairman; program,
Miss Kathleen Smith; banquet.
Mrs. Charles w. Lingo; banquet
reservations, Mrs. Hugh l.. Graves;
luncheon, Mrs. Theodore Hinter.
schled; Luncheon reservations, Mrs.
Paul d. Morrill,; financial secre-
tary, Mrs. Edmund Portisch; music
Miss Gertrude kuehefuhs.
Publicity, Miss Dorothea Greene.
chairman, and Miss Mary Martha
Sitter, co-chairman: resolutions,
Miss Catherine Mclean; informa-
ton desk, Mrs. Edward j. Miller:
special guests, Mrs. James p.
Charles; church hospitality, Mrs.
Stephen Matesich, chairman, and
Miss Veronica Basbagill and Mrs.
Mary d. Torchiano, co-chairmen;
ushers, Mrs. Frank w. Nichols,
chairman, and Mrs. Frank Erdy
co-chairman; exhibits, Miss Mary
Mcdonald.
Mrs. Franklin M. Quinn of Holy
Rosary parish is parliamentarian
for the convention.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER No
FEAST OF ST. NICHOLAS
OF ToLENTloN.
White vestmentS. Gloria.
SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER II
THE FIFTEENTH SUNDAY
AFTER PENTEcosT
Green vestments, Gloria, Second
prayer of SITS. Protus and Hyacinth
Third Defend us" Credo, Preface
of the Blessed Virgin.
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER II
FEAST OF THE MOST HOLY
NAME OF MARY
White vestmentS, Gloria, Credo,
Preface of the Blessed Virgin.
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER l3
FERIAL DAY
MASS AS ON SUNDAY
Green vestments, No Gloria, Sec
ond prayer Defend us" Third at
the choice of the celebrant, No
Credo, Common Preface.
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER "a
FEAST OF THE ExALTATloN OF
THE HOLY CROSS
Red vestments, Gloria, Credo,
Preface of the Holy Cross.
THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER IS
FEAST or THE SEVEN SORROWS
OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY
White vestments, Gloria, Second
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09
Peron Speech Carries Hint

of siege, under which buenos Aires
is now being governed, contains
number of clauses that could be
used to step up the peronist re-
gime's persecution of the Church.
Although il calls fer full pen
allies against anyone damaging
religious property. the decree
bans sIl unauthorized meetings
or demonstration other than
cultural, social. commercial.
sporting or for enjoyment" Re-
lisious meetings we're not in-
eIvded among these EXCAVATIONS.
The ban against public eelshrs-
tion of Assumption Da" was ons
of the causes of the three days
of riotins that followed Aususf
Is
The decree also places further
restrictions on the freedom OF the
press, one of the freedoms demand
ed by the Argentine Bishops in
their recent pastoral letter
In a later development, Peron
has officially approved bill post
poning until mid,1956 the question
of separating the Roman Catholic
Church from the Argentine state.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09

and to have a greater share In the
economic and social progress Of
the community.
But the Church reminds us that
one element is most fundamental,
most necessary and the only one
that will insure true harmony and
peace - that is, true religion.
Many among those who promote
this fundamental education feel
and understand the basic need for
religious education. Yet many 9th
ers. more materialistic in outlook,
favor fundamental education
with no place for religion at all.
Catholic organizations have an
important share in this work OF
fundamental education. Almost ev-
erywhere in the underdeveloped
countries the Church and its mis-
sionaries conduct schools and pre-
pare the teachers who will impart
this fundamental education. In
many eases, this is done in co
operation with governmental agen-
cies; elsewhere, by the limited re-
sources of the missionaries. The
work OF spreading fundamental
education is of great Importance
to future generations. But the Ho-
ly Father bids us pray this month
that IL be n Christian education
too, if il is to yield the abundant
harvest II promises.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09
Labor Day

tContinued from Page y
conditions, to reasonable hours and
safe working conditions, to paid
vacations and paid holidays, to
welfare insurance and pension
plans. the right to sit at the same
conference table with management
and consider matters of mutual
concern"
In so advocating these rights,
Father corridan said, the church
does not advocate any form OF
state resimenfation- The Church
also teaches. he added. that
workers have obligations corr
responding TO their rights, the
eblisafion 10 deliver good days
work for a good days pay, 10 re-
spect their contractUsl obligs-
tiens, 10 resort TO ell peaceful
means for reaching a settlement
on disputed matters before call.
ing a strike, 10 work for the
good of the Industry, the good
Of the community and the good
of the country as well as the
good OF the nation"
In conclusion, Father CorFidan
complimented the pioneers of the
American labor movement who
were the "sowers of the great ben
efits we enjoy today" and pointed
out labor'S great responsibility of
the present day. He asserted:
IF there is any secular organl-
zation that can show the poor and
weagy peoples of the world today
the correct path to individual and
collective security consonant with
freedom and mans God-like dig
nifty, that organization is the Amer
lean labor movement
The New York Jesuit, who be-
came interested in the plight OF
longshoremen six years ago, is
mentioned prominently in novel,
Waterfront" to be published next
week. He is also associate director
of the Xavier School of Industrial
Relations, which offers courses in
union affairs.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09
Divine Word
Order Marks
8Oth Birthday

TECHrVY, Ill. - tNC) - Divine
Word Missionaries, one of the
youngest and fastest growing mis-
Sionary orders in the Catholic
Church, was 10000 strong on Sept.
8, when the society marked its Both
anniversary, according to Father
Lawrence G. Mack, S.V.D., provin-
cial superior at the society nation
al headquarters here.
The 87th order of men to be
founded in the history of the Cath
olic Church, the Divine Word Mis-
sionaries are today the 18th larg-
est with $500 members. in VOWS
and $500 others preparing to take
vows, Father Mack said
The international interracial
group, made up of priests t66
per cent? and Brothers, suffer
ed severe setback during
World War II when 900 MEM
hers lost their lives as result
of tha war. Since that time Di-
vine Word Missionaries have
seen l9 par cent increase in
profsssads members and today
they are larger than ever be-
fore in their history, Fafher
Mack said.
Divine Word Missionaries are
assigned in the Netherlands. New
Guinea. FormOsa, Hong Kong, IN
dia, mdonesia, Gold Coast, Belgian
Congo, Japan, Philippines, Chile,
Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina.
They conduct missions among
the Negroes, Mexicans and Japan
ese in the United States, have a
Canadian preparatory seminary at
CRANKY near Quebec, and have
foundations in Australia and Ia
European countries.
For training their American
personnel they have nine Divine
Word Seminaries: Bay St Louis,
Miss. Bordentown. NJ, Conesus,
NY. East Troy. Wis, Epwerth, la,
Girard, Pa, Island Creek, Mass,
Marenisco, Mich, and Techny, Ill
A tenth seminary is to be opened
next year at Perrysburg, Ohio.
They also have a house of studies
in Washington, DC.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09
Communications
Study Expanded in
Diocesan Schools

The second phase OF the '"Con-
tact Program" a basic study of
communication, began this week
on an experimental basis in ten
schools of the diocese.
The program was initiated in
six high schools last year when
Contact, guidebook for teachers
containing basic course outline
and reference book lists, was pre-
sented to the teachers of the dio-
cese and was used experimentally
This year, a textbook will be used
BY students of the ten schools par
ticipating in the program.
The program was developed
by Sister Isnatius Marie, SIND,
diocesan coordinstor for educs-
fion by radio and teIevision.
Sister Ignatius Marie explains
that the purpose of the program is
twofold: ITO develop more thor
ough and integrated personality in
students. and to develop effective
speech habits that will become au-
tomato"
Sister pointed out that many
young people learn to speak effec-
lively while in school and under
supervision. The purpose of the
Contact program is to make these
basic fundamental principles be-
come a habit not only in person to
person communication techniques
but in all fields of communication.
Later this year, the third phase
of the project will be launched
when the textbook for extension
units in the English classes will be
presented.
Sister Isnatius Marie has been
doing research and experiments
tion in the field Of communities
fions for . number of years in
an effort TO meet the needs OF
the presenf-day students sds-
qvately.
In September, 1852, THE Con
tact Program" was launched at st.
Joseph Academy where Sister
taught speech and was director OF
dramatics. The program was re-
ceived enthusiastically by students,
parents and teachers.
Father Bennett Applegate, do
cesar superintendent of schools,
recognized the possibilities of the
project and encouraged its devel-
opment.
The National Council of Teach
ers has invited Sister to present
the program to the delegates at the
organizations annual convention
in New York City in November.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09
School Expansion i'm Diocese

picture projectors for use in teach
ing practically all subjects, wire
recorders for correcting speech de-
fects and teaching foreign Ian
guageS and magnetiZed black
boards with metal rabbits and ele-
plants TO facilitate instruction in
addition and subtraction.
They viewed, too, maps SO large
that : near-sighted boy in the back
row could plainly see, school uni
forms featuring plaid skirts, rec
ord players, typewriters, mlmeo-
graph machines, slide projectors,
and booklets advertising school
bus complete with a public ad-
dress system.
The installation of the loud
speaker in the bus is q safety
measure, the manufacturers say.
The driver can keep order among
students in the rear OF the We
hieIe without leaving his seat.
Too, he can tell youngsters board
ing and leaving the bus when 70
cross or not 10 cross a busy
street.
Book companies also have mod
ernized their product Gaily-eolored
and Illustrated Catechisms, History
English, Spelling and Geography
books are the order of the day.
One publisher has put Davy Crock
ett's picture on the cover of an adj
venture book.
A food wholesale firm was also
there, advertising victuals in huge
quantities for converts and school
cafeterias. The company offered
mince meat in $50 pound barrels,
pickles and olives in so gallon cans,
and jelly in so pound pairs.
The two-day convention, howev-
er, was far more than a buying and
selling conclave. 1t featured numer-
Gus sessions geared to the eonven-
tion theme of 10 years of progress
in Catholic education in the dio-
cese.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09
MASS ORDO
Liturgy OF Ehe Week

prayer lin Low Mass of st. Nico-
me dis, Sequence, Credo, Preface of
the Blessed Virgin.
SRIDAY, SEPTEMBER Is
FEAsV OF SIS. CORNELIUS AND
CYPRiAN
Red vestments, Gloria, Second
prayer of the Holy Martyrs, Third
"Defend u.s."
SATURDAY.. SEPTEMBER II
FEAST OF THE IMPRESSION
OF TINE STIGMATA OF
SIT. FRANCIS
White YES tments, Gloria.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09
Continued from Page u


considerably upon their faculty's
prayers and assistance with the re.
suit that the school will benefit
from all the prayers and all the
talent with which the whole fac
ulty has been blessed.
A visitor at the Catholic princi-
pals and teachers meeting could
not help but realize that school has
become much more than just read
ing, writing and 'rithmetic, taught
to the tune of a hickory stick"
For among the 50 exhibits at St.
Mary of the Springs College we're
tons Of school supplies designed to
make the classroom an interesting
place to spend Il years.
Approximately 300 principals
and teachers in their tour Of the
displays in Erskine Hall saw motion
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09
Springs Orientation Week

st. Mary OF the Springs College
will open its doors to some 80 new
students thisl month, including
girls from Hong Kong, Colombia
and Puerto Rico.
The freshmen orientation pro-
gram will begin this Sunday after
noon when freshmen and junior
classes arrive for the Big and Lit
tie Sister Supper in Hamilton Hall.
The program will formally close
Sept. 18, when freshmen will be
invested with the traditional cap
and. gown. Soph oInores and seniors
are scheduled to return to the cam
pus Sept 13
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09
Continued from Page y
qreakar NioIanca."


greater violence."
Subsequently the peronist-con-
trolled Congress stepped into the
picture by giving Peron dictatorial
powers to carry out his purpose
to crush and annihilate" his op-
ponents. Enacted in a matter of
hours was bill proclaiming a
state of siege in Buenos Aires and
giving the regime extraordinary
power to arrest and punish "trou-
BILE makers on the spot.
These developments occurred as
reports trickled into the capital of
attacks on opposition newspapers
and anti-Peron organizations in
the provinces by peronist fanatics
Catholic groups and individuals
were among those who suffered at
the hands of the mobs. Meanwhile,
it was reported here that several
Catholic prelates had received let
ters threatening them with death
One of the first acts of the
new Minister of Foreign Affairs
and Worship, IIdefonso cavagna
Martinez, had been to make a
courtesy call on His Et,ninence
Santiago Luis copello. Archbish-
op of Buenos Aires. however,
this an1icahle gesture was offset
by the launching Of new cam
paien of calumny and insylf di-
rected against the Church and
various ecclesiastical disnifaries.
both Argentine and foreign, by
the paronisf press.
One newspaper accused His Emf
nence Francis Cardinal Spellman,
Archbishop of New York, of exag-
gerating the attacks on churches
here during. the June revolt, II con-
tradicted his, statement that the at
tacks were Peron-inspired and not
the work Of communists, as the
President had claimed.
The decree proclaiming a state
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09

William b. Ball, son of MIR. and
Mrs. Walter B. Ball, l04 w. North
Broadway, Columbus, has joined
the faculty of Villanova University,
Villanoya, Pa, as associate profes-
sor of law.
Mr.. Ball will conduct four cours-
es at the school
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09

against llllteracy
The United Nations through
UNESCO aims at widespread in
crease of what il calls "funda-
mental education" that is the min
imum of education which adoles-
cents and adults need to under
stand the problems of the society
In which they live, to appreciate
their rights and duties as citizens,
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09
September Mission Intention;
Education-Basic and Christian
fEdmard S. Dunn. S.J.D

Recent years have increasing interest IN the coun
tries of the world making education available to larger
numbers of their citizens primarily In national campaigns
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09

N YOU haven't beer reading the
want ads. you have been tosips
money Read them ant profit.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09
Of Interest to Catholics
RADIO PROGRAMS

Sunday, Sept. II
WPKO, Waverly, 8:45 a. NJ
Sacred Heart Program.
WHIZ, GAINESVILLE, HAS a. NJ
Christophers.
WLW, Cincinnati, 2:30 p. M
Catholic Hour.
WPK0, Waverly, 4:45 p. M
Hour of St. Francis.
WNXT, Portsmouth, 500 p. m.
Hour of St. Francis.
WTVN, Columbus, 1000 p. NJ
Ave Maria Hour.
WTVN, Columbus, 10:45 p. NJ
Catholic News.
Daily
WLW, Cincinnati, 6:t0 a. NJ
St. Mary Seminary-Morning
Prayers.
TELEvlSIoN PROGRAMS
Sunday, Sept. II
WBNS-TV, Columbus, $50 a. m.
Look Up and Live.
WBNS-TV. Columbus, 1000 a.
m.-Christophers.
WLW-C, 200 pm. - Christie.
piers.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-09-09

The decree proclaiming a state