davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-05-06
Woshinqton of the Future

Local trade and civic interests have
done the city distinct service by present.
Ing the eye-appealing and thought-pro-
voking exhibit at the Hecht Company
called Futurama. AS the name implies,
the novel show offers the public pano-
ran1ic glimpse Of Washington as future
generations will see 1t. This is the first
time that such broad perspective of
Greater Washington of tomorrow has been
available to those who today are planning
and paying for development Of the Cap
ital. 1t is an outlook that is bound to
stir community pride. And it should be
helpful in giving citizens generally and
legislators in particular better under
standing of the need for orderly planning
and building of an improved city.
Evening star., 1955-05-06

On the same day that 15-year-old
William Blankenship was killed on a
Bronx street by bullet from teen-age
gangster's gun, New York Police Commits
sioner Adams reported an alarming" in
crease in juvenile crime. It Is indeed
alarming.
According to Mr.. Adams, such major
crimes as robbery, burglary and auto theft
have become almost the province of the
young" in his city. OF 2,700 robbery ar
rests in 1854, 1926 were under 81 years
of age and sos were under Is. In the
burglary class, 627 per cent were minors
And in the category of automobile thefts
the percentage of juveniles scared to 1873.
Some other statistics put forward by
Mr.. Adams are even more alarming. Ar
rests in the 16-to-21 age group for all
offenses increased last year by 1873 per
cent over 1858. And in the under-16 group
the increase was Is per cent.
A small part Of this may be explained
by an increase in population. When every
allowance has been made, however, there
Is no Disgusting the fact that there has
been sharp and dismaying upswing in
juvenile offenses. Each year, it seems,
there is an increase in the proportionate
strength of the lawless element in our
population, and this is especially true
among juveniles.
There is the further fact that this
comes about after an extended experience
with what we like to think of as more
enlightened approach to the problem of
what to do about youthful offenders. The
more we have thought-and acted-in
terms of juvenile delinquents, wayward
adolescents, problem children, ETC., the
worse the record has become. Perhaps
we should begin to recognize that this
approach is breaking down, and that, in
all too many cases, these so-called juvenile
delinquents are dangerous criminals re-
sponsible for the commission of serious
crimes.
Evening star., 1955-05-06
Mixed FEELINGS

1t is with mixed feelings of regret and
pleasure that friends of Hugh Duffield
have arranged farewell luncheon in his
honor. And 1t is, indeed, regrettable that
such good citizen is leaving this COM
munity to take over new assignment in
Philadelphia.
Coming to Washington in 1948 in
managerial capacity with Sears, Roebuck
g. Company, Mr.. Duffield soon became in
terested in the citys business, charitable,
cultural and general civic activities. His
personal example of tireless devotion to
such enterprises as the Community Chest
and the National Symphony Orchestra
drives had much to do with the advance
ment of those causes He found time,
withal, to lend his aid to many other
worthwhile organizations and move
ments. Philadelphia may consider itself
fortunate in gaining as resident the new
vice president Of the Sears corporation.
Evening star., 1955-05-06
Peanut Politics

1ne l0Wly peanut SnOulQ De EN-
blazoned on the banners of the Democrats
who led and won the fight in the House
to- annul' the flexible farm price support
program. For this was a demonstration
of peanut politics in the smallest sense
of the term.
Price supports are supposed to apply
to basic crops-cotton, rice, wheat, corn
and peanuts But the peanut crop
amounts to less than one-half of percent
of the Nations agricultural production.
1t is not basic crop and it is in the sup
port program only because of some potent
politicking by Representative Pace of
Georgia few years ago. On Wednesday
an amendment to remove peanuts from
the program was adopted. This panicked
a number of Southern Democrats, who
felt they could not vote for support pro-
gram, even 80 percent support, if peanuts
were excluded. So the Democrats, led by
Speaker Rayburn, got busy. and by Her.
culean efforts mustered enough votes to
restore peanuts to the support program
Thereupon the bill to abandon flexible
supports and revert to the rigid high sup
ports was squeezed through by vote of
2O6 to 201.
The voters should understand Just
what this means. Farm income has
slumped-there is no doubt about that.
But all Of the slump has occurred under
the rigid 80 percent support program. The
flexible system will not go into effect until
this years crops are harvested. Mean
while, enormous and unmanageable sur
pluses have piled up in the warehouses
from one end of the country to the other.
And the taxpayers, year after year, have
had to foot the bill for this economic folly.
The flexible program may or may not
be an answer to the problem. But 1t is
important to note that what the Demo-
Gratis have done is to vote for a return
to the discredited program without giving
the new program any chance to prove it
self. They know, of course, that they will
not succeed in this endeavor. The bill has
virtually no chance this year in the Senate,
and even If it should be passed there, the
President certainly would veto it. So all
of this to-do in the House boils down to a
small-time political sideshow-a rather
shabby attempt to embarrass the President
in his politically courageous effort to find
some solution to our desperate farm prob
lem.
Evening star., 1955-05-06

easily defeated during Senate debate and
the White House offlcially has described
the bill as satisfactory to the admins
tration."
The President has declared interna-
tional trade to be "broad avenue" to-
ward "a golden era Of peace and plenty"
He believes that reciprocity in lowering
trade barriers is vital to opening this
avenue and has pledged that the tariff
cutting powers will not be exercised in a
way to hurt American industry. The bill,
as 1t is expected to emerge from confer
ence, should be helpful in both respects.
Evening star., 1955-05-06
Tax Facts

The Star recently quoted
Representative Passman of
Louisiana as saying of District
residents: 81 don't want to
offend anyone. but I know
from checks on your tax sched-
ule that your real estate is not
assessed at actual value. Some
of it is assessed the same as it
was 20 years ago."
The facts are that less than
20 years ago the tax rate was
$3.50 per hundred, today the
rate is $2.15 per hundred. In
, the meantime, the assessments
on improvements have been
raised a fiat 20 per cent despite
Mr.. Passman's statement to
the contrary. If anyone's i'm
provements were not raised the
20 per cent, he must have
had friends in the assessors
office; 1t was supposed to be q
straight 20 per cent raise across
the board. A house and ground
assessed in 1887 at $4,000 and
$500, respectively, were taxed
at $172.50. Today, the house is
assessed at $4,000 and the
ground at the same 81 500: the
tax bill is $290.25, which is an
increased tax bill of SHIFTS. or
an increase of 68.2 per cent.
1t is most unfortunate that
we have a member of the
House Appropriations subcom-
mittee who makes such state
mentS so far from fact.
Taxpayer.
Evening star., 1955-05-06
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Fish That Taste With Tails
By THOMAS r. HENRY

general behavior Of q school
of such fishes. Many types Of
schooling fishes have such q
clear spot on the skull and
under experimental conditions
react violently to the passage
of shadow.
These creatures also have
equipment which Is probably
useful for signalling. In fish
which have elaborate repro
ductive behavior. including pa
rental care Of the young, the
males are often quite differ
emily marked or colored from
the females and appropriate
response is made by others in
accordance with these mark
ings. Young fish can be shown
to respond appropriately to
marks on the parents. These
marks often are. present only
during the breeding season.
The marks displayed by one
male threatening another diff
fer widely from those of a de-
feated fish. Many fishes can
change their colors or patterns
more or less rapidly-in some
cases practically instantane-
ouSly.
ChOruses of the Sea
Sound production is a
marked characteristic Of many
fishes. The croakers are a
group noted for sound pro-
duction, but only the males
have voices. They produce
great choruses, as do frogs in
a pond Females lack the
muscles responsible for sound
production"
A special object of DR..
Breder's study has been to de-
termine how thousands of fish
of some species are able to
remain together in apparently
perfectly integrated schools.
1t now has been determined
that this depends largely on
vision. Without light, schools
break up, although they can
retain their integrity at very
low light values. owing to the
high sensitivity of the fish eye.
So long as light is present.
the biologist says. the fish
seem able to maintain almost
perfect order and discipline.
No soldiers ever marched in
such perfectly spaced ranks.
The implication is strong for
some special faculty of vision
or for space senses unknown
to man.
Evening star., 1955-05-06
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

posed to give the poor pedes-
trian a chance.
Templeton Jones didn't stop
to argue this one, either.
AS he has grown older, he
has come to see the futility Of
arguing. If you could con-
vince 'em. they wouldn't be
arguing, in the first place.
THE little GIRL" said Jones,
sis just playing she is on a
desert isle"
THAT woman" said the
other. ''is i'll, I think"
1.-THE little GIRL" went on
Templeton Jones, "is now be-
ginning to stir. Watch her"
The child moved as a woman
passerby spoke to her.
Undoubtedly" said Jones.
using a word he seldom uses.
"the lady is telling her that 1t
is a poor. place to play"
Somebody ought to help
the poor woman," said the
other, dreamily.
He meant Templeton Jones.
of course. Always Templeton
Jones, toujours Templeton
Jones, as the French say. At
this point the little girl far
below raised herself and scam
pered off to the curb.
Templeton Jones now stood
looking down at the poor black
dog.
It'll help It," he said to
himself, and made for a tele-
phone.
He called, and he called.
Nobody, evidently. was in
terested in helping a poor
black dog. Black dogs come a
dime a dozen, in big cities.
and they are always falling
down, or getting run over. or
something.
BY the time he had interest
ed one good Samaritan, Tenn
pleton Jones was hot and
bothered, but he had good
glow around his heart.
The woman was gone, but
there lay the dog.
Suddenly the creature raised
it's head, shifted the air.
scratched itself and stood up.
Then it scampered off down
the avenue as If a hundred
devils were after it, leaving
Templeton Jones a sadder but
a wiser man.
The next time" he NUT
tered to himself. "the next
time"
He didn't say what he would
do, the next time, but we
think we know.
Evening star., 1955-05-06

@. Who compiled Inter-
lingua. the new international
language? j. McH.
A. Interlingua is the result
Of over 25 years Of research
under the auspices of the In
ternational Language Associ-
alton, which was founded in
1924. Work was completed
in 1851, when the first text
books we're published.
@. Why does the Pope have
a Swiss Guard? F. F.
A. The origin Of This guard
dates back to the time of Pope
Julius II (1503-13). In a day
Of fighting and unrest. the
Pope realized the need for
protection, and because the
Swiss had a high reputation
as invincible fighters he re-
cruited from among them a
group Of soldiers to act as his
personal bodyguard and to
defend the possessions Of the
Evening star., 1955-05-06
Vaccine Program

AS I read The Stars edi-
torial of May 8. Supplying
Salk's Vaccine" I found it
difficult to understand the
justification for your position
taken with reference to the
lack of an emergency or
crisis" which requires Federal
action in the control and
distribution of the vaccine.
Rather than take the chance
of black market operations
expanding, it seems to me that
in an emergency such as this
you would advance the prop
osition that some Federal
action is clearly indicated.
The fact remains that un-
less the President and Mrs.
Hobby accept their RESPONSE
bilities in terms of an "emer-
gency" and adopt those meas
ures which would guarantee
victory in an about fight
against this human scourge,
the present situation might
well deteriorate to the point
where a national scandal
might result.
This is the time for forth
right thinking and action.
believe the following program,
if adopted and clarified to
the country, would rebound to
the credit of the admlnistra-
tion and prove a tremendous
boon to the parents and chill
dren of the Nation:
Pass Fe deral legislation
which would put present linn
tied supplies of the vaccine
under Federal control and
provide for distribution 70 be
made to State welfare de-
partments on an equitable
basis.
Congress should appropriate
enough money to guarantee
that all children from l to 19
years of age will receive the
third shot called for by DR..
Salk.
The Federal Government
should temporarily fix the
price for administering the
vaccine on a fee basis fair to
the doctor and the average
family until the emergency is
over.
All children. regardless of
race. creed or economic cir
cumstances, should be assured
of receiving the vaccine.
Priorities should be estab-
lished SO that those children
most susceptible to polio at
different age levels should be
given Z first consideration
with adults except for preg-
nant women) coming last.
Most important is the need
to have the President take to
the air to reassure the public
that the Government will do
everything in its power to
make sure that a fair and
equitable program is provided.
The time element in all of
this is important. If the major
part Of the problem is to be
licked it must be done within
the. next go days--especially
since all of the children will
be out Of school by the end Of
June.
Philip Schiif.
Evening star., 1955-05-06
Western Heritage

An old man led US to his trunk
today;
And there, tDhere fragments
lay like folded years,
Where attic dust had spread
a Sha,Dl OF grey,
We heard hoW gallant cour-
age conquered fears.
We heard, beneath that dim
Missouri lamp,
The plans discussed for
mule-trdinS hea ding
tCest;:
OF homes deserted for some
alien camp
With lack OF comfort, food
or peaceful rest.
And our enchanted ears heard
tell OF iDhen,
With family DGoon packed,
he hitched his team
And Joined the caravan OF
trontierSmen
Who dared the desert--driv-
en- By a dream.
And De. NTH thankful hearts,
our voices stilled,
Knei0 that our heritage Is
dreams fulfilled
Elsie McKinnon Straehon
Evening star., 1955-05-06
Far East Solution?

Having been an American
resident in the Far East for
many years, before and after
World War II. I should like to
make a suggestion concerning
the differences between our
President, Secretary of State
and Senate minority leader on
Asian policy. Working closely
with citizens of Western Pa
cific nations, and literally liv-
ing with them, has brought
those of us in industry and
trade closer to their philoso-
ply and thinking than could
ever be achieved by our Gov
ernment workers or diplomats.
Last year, having organized
and been elected first president
of the American Chamber Of
Commerce in Korea, consider
able opportunity was afforded
me to discuss our United
States foreign policy in the
Far East. Talks with Koreans,
japanese. Chinese, Filipinos,
and residents of Hong Kong
brought to light the principal
reason for our having now
completely "lost face" out
there. For the sake of those
unfamiliar with "loss of face"
let us say that the Asians
consider us as having lost
whatever gentility or integrity
we possessed as a Nation and
as people. The reason for this
was our failure to keep our
promises to the war-mutilated
citizens of the Republic of
Korea.
Despite our continuing grants
of money to countries of the
Far East-our dumping of
dollars" as it is called-this
contempt for our failure to
keep faith with the Koreans
travelled across into Indo-
China and Indonesia. It is
pretty generally considered out
there that our severe losses of
territory to the Communists
in the latter and today'S up
risings in Indo-China are due
to this feeling that the West
ern world, headed by the
United States, cannot be de-
pended upon.
There has been but one
solution offered to Congress
which could Immediately patch
up the break in the admins
trative branch of our Gov
ernment--and could probably
put an end to further en-
croachment into the Western
world by the Communist
Party. This solution was Of
fered in the form Of Resolu-
ton No. 2l9 before the last
Congress. but made little or no
progress, presumably due to
the political and editorial In
terest in the elections.
Resolution No. 219 calls for
Evening star., 1955-05-06
Consolidated Givinu

Community action designed to bring
about early establishment of a United
Fund for Washington has been started
by group of local business and civic
leaders. This is movement which merits
wholehearted support of all who have de-
plored the annoyance and ineficiency of
multiple drives for charitable, health and
other causes
Under sponsorship of the Board of
Trade, many of the citys large employers
have agreed to form an exploratory COM
mittee to study means of consolidating
the diverse campaigns and insuring the
success of one-package solicitations. Simi-
lar moves in years past have died for lack
Of cooperation by some agencies and for
lack OF public demand for reform. With
the steady increase in number of fund
drives in recent years, however, employers
and employees have become more and more
interested in United Fund.- A number
of other large cities long ago adopted the
plan, with universal success. The Commu-
nifty Chest Federation has been sounding
out public sentiment here on the idea,
after receiving recurrent complaints from
businessmen and from citizens generally
about the almost continuous round of
campaigns.
One possible obstacle to success of the
one-drive-f all program in Washington
Is the difficulty In obtaining widespread
use Of the payroll-deduction system of
making collections. In Detroit and other
industrial cities employers have aided
employees in making instalment pledges
through payroll Withholding arrange
ments. Here, where the biggest industry
is the Federal Government, no statutory
authority for such deductions exists. Pro-
moters of the united campaign system fear
that the plan would fail in the Washington
area unless Federal employees were given
the benefit of the extended-payment
method already adopted in many local
business establishments. The new COM
mittee could be of considerable help in
influencing Congress to grant whatever
special legislation is needed to assure
Federal cooperation in the once-for-all
solicitation proposal.
Evening star., 1955-05-06
Violent Oyer VioIets

Your vigorous reporter,
George Kennedy, wrote that
Justice Douglas and group
of his sturdy followers waded
through foot-deep water for
a few yards on the C&O
Canal towpath hike on April
s28. But let 1t also be known
that they waded ankle-deep
for miles and miles through
violets.
Violets of clear blue pre-
dominated. but in many places
white ones mingled with the
blue, and a few bird's-foot
violets were seen. At the edges
of the path at intervals grew
bluebells. dangling the clus-
ters of bells in the bright sun
shine. Spring beauties with
petals of pink and white
spread themselves close to the
ground.
Overhead, the new green
leaves Of boxelder, papaw, oak,
sycamore and numerous other
kinds of trees and the blos-
SONS of shrubs claimed a part
of the sunshine. Delightful
fragrance of blossoms blended
with the woodsy smell of
moist earth. Birds, some
brightly colored, provided
music. Rabbits hoped, turtles
waddled, ducks swan, frogs
dived. Far removed from strife
and care, that bit of wilderness
offered life at its best---a
heavenly retreat accessible to
rich and poor alike.
You will find it difficult to
believe, but this one remaining
blissful natural section along
the Potomac River, the only
few miles where we can walk
on unpaved ground and
breathe air unpolluted with
exhaust fumes, is threatened.
Plans are being pushed to re-
place the bare ground with a
thick, hard, smooth coating.
thousand square miles of
which will not grow a single
blue violet.
Nature lovers. health and
happiness lovers, man the
guns! Let us defend the canal
recreational area against the
enemies.
George Frederick Miller.
Evening star., 1955-05-06
Templeton Jones Is a kind
hearted man,

Templeton Jones is a kind
hearted man.
This is so universally rec
ognized that the lady who saw
the black dog fall to the side
walk instinctively turned to
the right man. es ta
Cant something be done
for that poor thing?" she
asked, all palpitating.
II have to catch my bus"
replied Jones. MAYBE you"
The lady cut him off in
stantly.
1T can't possibly do It," she
snapped, beyond arguing.
~ \ 4 80.
"Then why should I have to
do it?" Templeton Jones felt
like replying, but, as usual,
he did not.
This is where the Milque-
toast cartoon came from.
There is an age-old desire of
most humans to "let George
do it" and George-in this
case Temp-sometimes steps in.
No, Jones. did not argue
about it. What's the use. es-
pecially with strange, kind
ladies who are SO eager for
somebody else to do the dirty
work of rescuing the fallen.
The old dog lay on it's side.
its eyes closed, while the rush
of Pennsylvania avenue S
o'clock traffic went all around 1t.
TITS got mango, I think"
said the lady, reflectively.
II y y II
Templeton Jones knew, from
much personal experience.
that snap diagnoses are very
likely to be wrong.
Still, the creature did need
care. And, as is often the
case, it was getting none.
Jones thought swiftly, as a
drowning man is supposed to
do, of an experience of the
day before.
He was looking out of a
high office window at the in
tersection below, when a
friend came to his side. and
asked, Whats the matter
with that woman down
there?"
Jones took a look, and said,
"It's not a woman, it's a
child"
Looks like a woman to
me-" said the other, pointing
to a female figure with its
back propped against a lamp
post. The post was in the CEN
ter of one of those small tri-
angular islands that are sup
Evening star., 1955-05-06

Fish taste" not only with
their mouths but all over the
outsides of their heads and
sometimes as far back as their
tails.
They "see" with a third eye
on top of the head lost by land
animals hundreds of millions
of years ago.
They may possess senses Of
a nature totally unknown to
man.
Such is the substance Of a
report to the Office of Naval
Research by DR.. G. N. BREEDER
of the American Museum of
Natural History. who has been
studying fish communications
under Navy auspices.
Taste" he reports. sis more
widely distributed in the bod
les of fish than of land ami
mails where it is usually con-
fined to the mouth. Fish have
taste buds not only in the
mouth but distributed all over
the surface of the head and
sometimes as far back as the
tail fin. Since taste buds are
able to operate only when wet,
land animals lost the possi-
bility of their use except in
places where they can be kept
moist, as in the mouth. When
some dissolved substance in
heavy concentration watts over
a fish. it can follow this solu-
ton to its source and thus
find food"
Extra Eye in Brain
Most animals, including
man, retain vestiges of third
eye, the pineal gland in the
brain. Whether this has any
function in mammals is un-
known. 1t was once regarded
as the "seat of the soul"
But in many fishes. says DR..
BREEDER, the pineal body retains
a pronounced light sensitivity.
"Such forms as possess a de-
cided clear spot on the top of
the head, permitting free ac-
cess of light to the top of the
brain where the pineal rests"
he says. "show the most
marked responses to variation
in light. It is possible that this
organ comes into operation in
dense schools where the pas
sage of a shadow oyer the
pineal area causes 4 sharp
change in the behavior of the
fish. This may well affect the