davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-24
Boy Line Threatened

! regret to hear that labor
troubles may suspend opera
ton Of the Old Bay Line be-
tween here and Norfolk. Va.
Though Washington may not
take Its steamboating serious-
", Baltimore thinks of the
Bay Line steamers as q tradi-
ton.
I am not arguing that labor
isn't worth every penny 1t
can command In bargaining,
but when next to the last in
land waterways steamer II be-
lieve the Greene Line on the
Mississippi is one) is forced
to extinction by demands In
this day Of competition by
truckers and buses, then !
think these particular workers
had best pause for contempla-
ton Of the future. II there are
other jobs In other shipping
lines that pay more. or II they
can find more lucrative places
ashore, then by all means md
them.
I have no way Of knowing
just what the financial posi-
ton OF this line is. because I
do not know anyone connect
ed with 1t nor have I had an
opportunity to study its
balance sheet, but I would adj
wise union instigators to make
such q study In self-interest
unless they are able TO con-
template other Jobs.
To me there would be lit
tie comparison on which to
base o wage dispute. as work
on river and bay steamers
would not be as hazardous as
that on the ocean. and the
runs would keep men away
from home on longer periods.
A couple Of notable exam
plies are the Fan River Line
and the Hudson River Line
that ceased operation, not be-
cause OF passenger decline,
but because operating costs
became prohibitiye. This in
Guided fuel and labor costs.
I have followed steamboat
ing as a hobby and have read
accounts Of the several lines
In the Eastern United States.
I have seen their demise
through high operating costs.
and I dread to see the possi-
bility Of another line going
the way Of all others. Posi-
bly, other steamer enthusiasts
can offer some suggestions or
help in staying the decline Of
inland steamers.
An article in the publica-
ton. Ships and the Sea,
spring. 1855, edition, speaks
of this line and lauds its lis
years OF existence and its sur
vival through times when the
going was hard and 1t did
not know II 1t could hold
on. Are we faced with the
"coup de grace" that VIII af-
feet hundreds Of people who
cherish sentimental thoughts
Of the honeymoon feet?
Wharf Rat.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-24

Abraham Lincoln and It was overruled
by the Civil War. But the power Of the
court, although in eclipse during the war,
survived. The late Justice Jackson, in
his book, ''The Struggle for judicial
Supremacy" summed It up this way:
The tree of Judicial power 30 pre-
cariously planted by Marshall had struck
deep roots. It showed wonderful vitality
and hardness. The renewal Of this power,
after the blight which 1t suffered In the
Civil War. TO such strength that 1t could
strike down for the next 10 years many
acts Of social and economic reform. could
sterilize other acts which embodied popular
measures. could render ineffective much
of the effort to aid the cause Of labor and.
ct last. could mutilate In two years the
whole reform and recovery program OF
the New Deal. Is one Of the most amazing
chapters In the history Of popular govern
nlent.
But the Anal chapter has not been
written. The Roosevelt court night and
the subsequent change In composition Of
the courts membership have shifted the
battle-ground and altered the direction
Of the struggle. On this 200th anniver-
sary Of John Marshall's birth, the power
Of the Supreme Court seems greater than
ever before. This Is good occasion,
however, on which to remember that
danger often Is the handmaiden Of power.
Justice Frankfurter had something Of
the sort in mind when. addressing the
John Marshall commemoration ceremony
at Harvard Law School, he cautioned
against evolvement Of the Supreme Court
as "third chamber" with drastic veto
power. Holding democracy In judicial
tutelage," he added, sis not the most
promising way to foster disciplined
responsibility in people"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-24
THE POLITICAL MILL
Who Listens to Democratic Howls?
By GOULD LINCOLN

more-and ended In building
up tremendous surpluses, .
which the Government either
owns outright or has loaned
money on.
In fact, the Government
put up some $500 million dur
ing the last fiscal year, which
ended June 80. In these rigid
price supports. Where does
this $500 million come from?
Why. Of course. from the
pockets Of the American tax
payers. And what does 1t ac-
coinplish2 Why. it necessarily
increases the surplus crops al
ready IN the hands Of the
Government. These sllrpluses
hang like o black cloud over
the farmers markets. causing
depression In prices. 80 the
Democrats want to. 60 back
TO the old rigid. high price
supports.
Net Ready to Give Up
President Eisenhower and
Secretary Of Agriculture Ben
son have stood firmly In sup
port Of the flexible price SUP.
port system. They certainly
give no sign Of throwing up
their hands and going back to
the old system before the new
one has had q real chance.
Nor viii the American farm
ers, In the majority. expect
them to. The President and
his advisers have made it
entirely clear, however. that
they are intent on seeing the
farm problem handled sue.
cessfully. They are not COM
mitted--as the Democrats
seem to be--to one idea. II
other plans for keeping the
economy Of agriculture on q
stable basis are developed and
appear to be sound, they have
said they will try them. too.
Nor have they stopped looking
for additional safeguards.
How bad OF are the Ameri.
can farmers today? Has the
farmers per capita net income
dropped to the pre-World War
II levels. as charged by some
Democrats? It has not. The
per capita net income Of farm
people was $3.50 in 1852. 1904
in 1858 and SCOT in 1854. ESTE
mates for 1855 are still to
come. During the i've years be-
fore World War II, this per
capita net income Of the farm
folk was from 5000 to $500.
Even when present imitation
Is taken into consideration, it
does not look as though the
American farmers are in q des-
perate state today. orapproach-
ing it. Farm real estate values
are 2 per cent higher than in
1854. The average equity Of
farm families. .(meaning total
assets minus total debts) is
$22, 900. which Is 5000 more
than the figure for non-farm
families. The Eisenhower adj
ministration believes, however.
that the farmers are entitled to
q larger share in the prosperity
of the Nation-and It lis going
TO do its best to see they set 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-24
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRAcEWELL


There must be hundreds Of
homeowners who are going
into their first autumn In this
vicinity.
They should know that fall
IL the preferred time to work
toward O good lawn.
Robert Louis Stevenson said
that it is better to progress
hopefully than to arrive,
This applies especially to q
Washington suburban lawn.
where one finds almost any
sort of soil from clay to sand.
Lawn feeding, in particular.
goes over well at this time OF
year.
4 October Is about the best
month we have. with clear
happy days, and usually not
too much wind, so that what Is
sown has a chance to ger
inmate.
But always put IN . double
amount Of seed, so that the
birds will get their share: II
you don't. they win probably
eat it all.
E&.* =.
- "a 10. ~ =s4 g. ~
It is the fertilizer aspect OF
the Washington lawn that
holds the most interest.
Most strangers to this yicin-
ity think that spring is the
natural and best time to spruce
up the lawn.
Z Maybe the most natural, but
not the best.
Somehow the autumn pro-
vides just the right weather for
seed growth and fertilizer APP
plication and use.
The combination Is q nat
ural toward---let us insist on
that word--the good lawn, be-
cause too often one never ar
riyes at it, no matter how
much money or how many
years he puts into it.
What difference does 1t
make?
Most people take their old
lawns too seriously. anyway.
They toll over crabgrass. and
worry because q blamed old
dog digs it up. They forever
bewail the intrusion of cute.
little plants with tiny blue
flowers, when the little leaves
are about the greenest things
In the whole shebang.
-
It Is nice to worry over Q
yard, If 1t keeps one from wor-
rying about more important
matters.
Worry never got any one
anything, some people think.
but II you are Of q worrying
+ disposition, you can't help 1t.
and then the lawn is as good
as anything to relieve the ten
sion.
There are many books on
how not to worry. but none at
all, as far as we know, about
the value Of worry as q reliever
of tensions.
Tension, we are told, is a
terrible thing, but often ten
sion prevents something worse.
and so ought to go down in
our own personal book as very
good, now and then.
Which brings us right back
to the lawn. and its need at
this time Of year Of q little
plain worry. much patience,
and some seed and fertilizer.
Seed and fertilizer are the
physical basis Of . better lawn.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-24

II one does not expect too
much, everything will work
out all right. We have all
been spoiled by these color
photographs OF the perfect
lawn, especially as developed
in jolly old England. We can
never do as well, because this
is not England. with its mois-
ture and fairly moderate tenn
peratures.
1t must be the moisture that
does it, because the soil has
been lived on centuries longer
than our own.
+ + y
II we do not expect % pic
ture lawn, we may have q
fairly green one all autumn
and most of the winter, If we
plant enough grass seed and
use enough of the proper kind
Of fertilizer.
There is. Of course. the
matter of moisture. Wherever
there is a lawn, there must be
some rain. Our chemically
polluted water from. the hose
is not much better than none
at all. Some ardent grass
growers swear 1t is not as good.
So some rain is essential.
A word of advice to the
meticulous:
You can be too meticulous
about a lawn. Plant the seed.
and forget it.
Put on q good nonburning
fertilizer, and forget 1t.
Don't be poking around all
the time, like o little child dig
ging to see If the plant has
started UP yet.
Let nature take its course.
After all, . lawn is natures
child, too.
You can't hurry it, but you
can help it. and every lawn Is
grateful for seed and fertilizer.
and rain. The last Is up to
nature. again, but the owner
can do something about the
others. especially in autumn,
when conditions hereabouts
are better than in spring or
summer for good grass growth
and color.
If you have never seen it
achieved. a good green lawn
In winter is a sight to see,
and something to be well
pleased with, II IL is yot...
own.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-24
Integrotion

This letter Is to the people
OF Fairfax County or elsewhere
who, in their hearts. want to
maintain segregated schools.
Many attitudes are taken
as q result Of the Supreme
Court decisions Of May II,
1854 and May 81. 1865. ! would
like to comment on q few Of
those expressions favoring In
tegration:
This Is the supreme law OF
the land" How can anyone
who has ever read the Consti-
tuition make or accept such q
statement? Article VI Of that
document defines the supreme
law Of the land" as. This
Constitution. and the laws OF
the United States which shall
be made In pursuance thereof:
and all treaties +. :" not q
court decision.
TT is the Christian thing to
do" or 1--WE must accept with
q Christian attitude" or 1--WE
must accept In the name Of
brotherhood" Again, I ask,
how can people make or ac-
cept such statements? Any
one who reads or has read the
Bible should know that the
Scripture advocates segrega-
ton.
ut Is coming, 30 we must
accept It," / also disagree with
that statement, with this quail
ification--that the people must
support the ofilcials Of our
county, State and Federal gov
ernments who will use fair ana
legal means to maintain segre-
cation.
1T is constitutional and I
abide by the law" Again. I
refer the. people to the Con-
stitution and remind them
that this decision Of the court
was q reversal Of previous de-
cisions. Too. the present de-
cision could be reversed In am
other case. Consider the ex-
IRENE left-wing authorities
cited BY the Supreme Court In
their decision.
ma. Clyde q. MILES.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-24
Subsidized AirIines
I WAS YerY much intel

I was very much interested
in your recent editorial en-
titled Visibility Unlimited"
You paint q rosy picture In
deed for the airline industry.
The cAA is quoted as predict
ing: "The airlines will be
carrying twice as many pas
sengers as at present. or more
than the railroads and buses
combined" All this by 1861
The last paragraph Of your
editorial states: The air
transport industry. along with
other aspects Of aviation. has
come OF age and no horizons
seem too distant for 1t TO
reach"
Since business prospects for
this segment Of the transpor-
tation industry are 50 excel
lent. viii you please explain
why It u that the taxpayer
continues to be asked to put
up the money for larger air.
ports, more landing aids. inn
proved electronic safeguards.
etc.
The matter Of an addi-
tional airport for this area Is
a case in point. In view Of
your presumed interest in our
American tradition Of fair
play and equality Of oppor-
tunity, I am curious to know
why you insist that the re-
sponsibility for this project
belongs to the public and not
to the air carriers. II the
facilities at Potomac Yard
needed to be enlarged TO im-
prove rail freight service.
would you advocate the use Of
Government funds? II not.
then why insist the taxpayer
be burdened with the cost Of
providing another airport
simply because 1t would take
is minutes longer to get to
Washington from Friendship
rather than from the pro-
posed facility ct Burke.
Isn't 1t time the airlines &C.
cepted their responsibility to
the public and ceased asking
the taxpayers for handouts
to substitute their operations?
w. T. Sheaffer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-24

Having tried TO tell Amer
lean businessmen and Amer
lean labor that they we're due
for Q terrific disaster II they
put the Republicans IN con-
tfol Of government, the
Democrats are now engaged
In bowling calamity" In the
ears Of the American farmers.
The Democrats failed In
their DEMONSTRATIONS about
business and wages. They viii
fail. too. In their prophecies
about agriculture. II the econ
omists Of the Department Of
Agriculture are correct. The
Democrats, however. are out
for votes. The farmers look,
for the moment, like & good
crop 10 harvest. politically. Il
appears. however. that the
Democrats may be getting
ahead Of themselves once
more. The departments mar
keting services most recent
monthly report says that.
much Of the general price adj
justment to the big crop sup-
plies this season has already
taken place. Further declines
in prices on this years crops
viii be little. II any. the econ
oFnists say. The level Of prices
IL about 8 per cent below .
year ago. rejecting market re-
actions to . record output Of
farm products. This should be
good news to the farmers
certainly better than the dire
predictions Of Democratic Ma
tional Chairman Paul M. But
Ter and the chorus of Demo-
cratic members of Congress.
Little to Offer
What. do the Democrats
offer the farmers. anyway?
So far nothing better than .
return to the rigid 80 per cent
Of parity price supports. The
Republicans, the Democrats
say, without much regard. for
the truth. are responsible for
the new flexible price supports
law. AS a matter Of fact, many
Democrats. some Of them high
in party councils. have sup
ported the flexible price sup
ports system. But more irn-
portant for every one TO un-
derstand. including the farm
ers. is the fact that the de-
clines in farm prices have
practically all occurred under
ta) the last Democratic adj
ministration and tb) while
the rigid 90 per cent price
supports have been in effect.
In other words, the rigid price
supports which the Democrats
now propose to restore did
not keep up farm prices, and
in fact were unable to do so.
II restored, they viii in all
probability make the farmers
situation still worse.
The flexible price support
system Is designed to give the
farmers protection when they
need it. The rigid price sup
ports were effective in one
way--they enticed the farm
ers to produce more and
= = - t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-24
Blessings Of Liberty

1ne REHABILITATION courts
held regularly In Washington
and elsewhere In our country
are so impressive and inspiring
that / would like to request
The Star to give them more
publicity and to inaugurate q
campaign to see that they get
more press. radio and tele-
vision coverage. so that more
Americans may better under
stand their significance and
value and derive from them
stimulation for better citizen
ship.
The Daughters Of the Amer
lean Revolution have always
been represented at these
naturalization proceedings In
many places. Each month Q
OAR representative speaks
briefly at the naturalization
courts here in the District Of
Columbia, stressing the bene-
tits and duties Of United States
citizens.
Just having attended the
splendid naturalization court
ceremony during the 10th an.
nual conference on citizenship
here. and having had the
privilege Of representing the
OAR in addressing the new
citizens on 1.-THE Responsible
tiles of Citizenship" ] am
more than ever convinced the
older residents of our country
take our BLESSINGS Of liberty"
too much for granted and need
to get from our naturalized
citizens some Of their pride in
attaining the honor Of Ameri-
can citizenship.
Through the years The Star,
like the OAR. has accom-
plished much in stressing the
meaning and value Of good
citizenship in our free and fine
land. I hope that you will con-
tinue your good work by help
ing publicize these naturaliza-
ton courts and undertake an
editorial campaign to see that
more persons know about
them. You may be very sure
the OAR will cooperate and
assist you.
Gertrude s. Carraway.
President General, National
Society, Daughters Of the
American Revolution.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-24

@. When were the two bolts
placed in the crack Of the
Liberty Bell?-A.GB.
A. There Is good reason to
believe that the bolts were
placed in the crack in 1915.
when the Spider" was insert
ed In the bell. The spider was
intended to support and even
ly spread the weight Of the
Liberty Bell, and thus protect
1t against further shock and
strain. The bolts, very posi-
bly,, were added at that time
as an additional measure Of
protection for this famed
symbol. ..
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-24
M. Khrushchev Entertuins

Soviet Communist Party leader Nikita
Khrushchev has displayed his garrulity
on numerous occasions since he emerged
as q top spokesman Of the Moscow gov
eminent. In variety Of subjects and
alternate moods OF friendliness and
harshness, however. he appears to have
come close to new record In his lengthy
interview with a visiting French par
liamentary delegation. With reporters
present throughout, Mr.. Khrushchev
treated his visitors to the following: ~
His hopes for reaffirming the historic
French Russian friendship" and increas-
ing trade between the two countries, ca
his opinion that the North African
troubles are internal affairs" Of the
French Union and. presumably, not sub
ject to United Nations consideration, 80
an accusation that France has been be-
having "like satellite of the United
States" 90 charge that Western
women, particularly in France, are widely
forced into prostitution, go q recognition
Of the right Of religious freedom but with
an avowal that communism win do all
1t can to "liberate" people from the
Charm" Of this form OF opiate. t6) q for
mula for regulating" the problems OF
the Far East. It Is scarcely surprising
that the French group was alternately
pleased, puzzled and annoyed.
For the world at large, Mr.. Khrush-
chev's expressed views on the Far East
may have the greatest significance. His
formula, in brief, was that Communist
China must be admitted to the United
Nations, that Formosa must be turned
over to the rule of the Peiping govern
ment and that the Nationalist Chinese
army of Chang Kai-shek must be disc
solved. This, of course, Is not newly de-
signed Communist formula but its reiter-
alton at this time makes 1t clear that the
spirit of Geneva" does not extend to
the point OF amy Red compromise on Far
Eastern detectives.
For another year, at least, the issue
of Communist China's admission to the
UN. has been settled by Tuesdays Alto
II vote to defer action. And although
there are prospects now of summit: talks
between the Peiping and Washington
governments, there are no grounds what
ever for fear that our own Government
would consider, or probably even discuss,
abandonment Of Formosa and the Ma
tionalist army. Indeed, Mr.. Dulles refer
ence before the U.N. on Thursday to
the evil record Of the Peiping regime
and to our treaty relationship with the
Republic of China constituted an answer
in itself to these particular Communist
aspirations.
On this point, then, Mr.. Khrushchevs
peculiar haranguing Of his French visitors
will have awaited little to the Red cause.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-24
on Handling News

It seems to me the so-called
problem of racial segregation
would die . natural death II it
were not kept alive by innuen-
does and constant references,
deliberately calling attention
to the fact that certain indi-
yiduals are Negro.
Why Is It necessary to iden-
tify the color Of q mans skin?
Is this identification found in
articles concerning other indi-
viduals? Certainly not.
J. H. Stewart.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-24
ave Wont Worm Peoee J. NOT Gold Mor!
TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used y
letters carry pyiters' correct
names ana addresses. All
letters are subject to conden.
sdtion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-24
Questions and Answers
BY THE HAsKN SERVICE

ou. sssd's q gay s. G. :, a9 sT. . .
l20O tye 81 NV. washington B,
D c Please incioss esnts for
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-06-01
Montana Farmer-stoekman
June 1, Vol. n, 10. 19

June 1, Vol. AZ, No. 10
Published twice month on the LIST
and 18th by The Montana Farmer,
Inc, Great Falls, Mont Subscription
price is So for five years, So for three
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act of March 8. 1879.