davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-11

was $s74,475. Mr.. Senseman re-
ceived o total fee Of $34,384.
In 1858. another Montgomery
basic school" project was
launched. Montgomery Knobs,
Wheaton Woods, Twinbrook and
Radnor Schools were built at a
total cost of $768, 245. Mr.. Sense
man received $2s,717 for archi-
tectural services.
Montgomery County educators
generally are reluctant to accept
a fixed design, maintaining that
building concepts change toe
rapidly with the result that the
education program may be die
tated by the building. instead
of the building being adapted to
the program.
Like Fairfax. Montgomery de-
cided to check up on its build
ing program and appointed a
citizens advisory committee. The
committee praised the school
boards postwar building rec
ord. 1t did suggest, however
that the county might reduce
architects fees from 8 per cent
to per cent for construction
over 100000.
The Virginia General AS.
sembly decided to try mas:
school production on a State.
wide basis. Funds were provided
in the 1850 session to draw W
several sets of stock plans anc
make them available to the
localities. One set was drawn
| for a four to six classroom ele.
mentary school. and another fol-
seven to 10 classroom elemen-
tary school.
So far, only one community
Danville - has seen At to use
these plans. The trouble is mos
communities need larger build.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-11
'Tukomu Park
Opens Library

The new Takoma Park (Md)
Library was dedicated last night
when the key to the building
was turned over to officials Of
the Library Association. At
tending the ceremony were city
officials, early founders of the
association, staff members and
visiting State librarians.
Mrs. Elon G. Salisbury. presi-
dent of the association for the
past five years. presided, with
Representative Hyde. Republic
can, Of Maryland as guest speak
er. Ronald S. Senseman. archi-
tect, turned over what he termed
the Symbol Of ownership" a
large, gold-plated key. bedecked
with ribbons to Mayor George
NJ. Miller. who paid tribute to
those who had played an active
part during the past 20 years
to secure a modern library for
the community.
He then presented the key to
Mrs. Salisbury, who after a few
words handed it to Mrs. Freder-
lex L. Pratt. the librarian and
one of the founders.
Also present, were Mrs. Will
liam F. Fischer, Miss Beatrice
Tear of the Washington Public
Library. Miss Naomi johnson
and Miss Helen Clark of the
librarian extension division,
Maryland State Library; Miss
Eloise Pickerall of the st. Marys
County, Md. library. and Prof
Theo Weiss. Washington Mis-
sionary College Library, a for
mer member of the board OF
directors.
The $4,000 library is on land
owned by the city of Takoma
Park at Philadelphia and Maple
avenues. 1t is one story high
with masonry walls. and has a
frontage on Philadelphia avenue
of more than 200 feet. Modern
lighting facilities with gray in
terror are features of the build
ing.
1t is expected that the chill
dren's reading area will be ex-
tended to establish a civic audi
torium for lectures and musical
programs. Owing to the delay
in erection of the steel shelving
removal Of the $4,000 books in
the old library at 8 Sherman
avenue. will not be undertaken
until late in January. Contractor
for the work of erecting the
building was the Capital City
Construction Co.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-11
Moyor-Mohoney Fight
NAV Fire State Primary

BALTIMORE, Dec. 10 (P.-
Another hot Democratic primary
fight. probably the liveliest IN
Maryland history if it comes off,
appeared in prospect tonight be-
tween George P. Mahoney and
Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro of
Baltimore for the Senate.
Mr.. Mahoney made known his
formal candidacy today. Imme-
diately there was a rush to
Mayor D'Alesandro by Demo-
cratic politicians seeking some
place to CO." as one Of them put
1t, to avoid Mahoney.
The Mayors ambition to sit
in the Senate has been known
for long time and he did Moth
ing to discourage other leaders
surrounding him today in their
stop Mahoney" plea.
The peppery D'Alesandro would
make a powerful opponent for
Mahoney, who is one of the
party's toughest campaigners.
D'Alesandro has never lost an
election in moving through the
city council, State legislature
five terms as United States Rep
resentative and three as Mayor.
Hard Man to Beat
Politicians throughout the
State were mentioning D'Alesan-
dro more and more after sound
ing out other candidates and
finding them unavailable in re-
cent months
They are determined to put up
somebody strong. knowing from
past experience with Mahoney
that he is a hard man to beat.
They threw three heavyweights
against him in past primaries
and he gave them all fits. In
fact, they partially blame him
for leaving the Democrats so
torn up after the primaries they
couldn't beat the Republicans
in the subsequent general cleo
tons.
Took on Lane
He took on w. Preston Lane,
jr., who was seeking reelection
in 1850.
Mr.. Mahoney got more indi-
vidual votes than Mr.. Lane who
was saved by Maryland's unit
vote system only to lose to Theo-
dore R. McKeldin, the Republic
can candidate.
Two years later. Mr.. Mahoney
ran for the senatorial nominal
ton in another Democratic pri-
mary with Lansdale G. Sascer,
who had served seven terms as
a Representative in Congress.
Mr.. Mahoney won. He lost to
Republican j. Glenn Beall.
In 1854, the Dem ocrats
matched DR.. H. C. Byrd, whose
Democratic prowess had been
touted but INFESTED for years,
with Mr. Mahoney in a contest
for the Democratic nomination
for Governor. Mr.. Byrd won
after long count" of contested
elections.
In the 1852 Senate race, Mr..
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-11

new school buildings in nearby
Maryland and Virginia in the
past five years. OF this sum,
over IS million has been paid to
architects who designed the
buildings.
This multi-million dollar VEN
ture suddenly has been dumped
in the laps of school boards in
areas where fishing season tru-
ancy used to be the number one
education problem.
How the various boards have
met this burdensome task has
become increasingly important
to the taxpayers as they dig
deeper into their pockets to foot
the bills.
Periodically, some tax-weary
resident raises an eyebrow and
asks some questions.
why not hire a full-time
architect instead of paying a
percentage fee to private archi-
tects for the design Of each build
ing?" This probably has been
asked more than any other
question. There also have been
queries about using stock plans.
Pre-fabricated construction has
been suggested.
Most of these ideas have been
studied in the various commu-
mites at one time or another.
Some have even been tried. with
varying results. For instance:
The idea of setting up an ar
chitectural Office to design pub
lie buildings, such as schools, is
not new.
The District has an Office Of
design and engineering for plan
ming all public buildings and
grounds. 1t has a staff of about
SO architects and craftsmen. In
addition. there are separate Of
fees for contract supervision,
inspection, administration and
personnel. According to Archie
Hutson, director of Buildings
and Grounds for the District,
new building plans are turned
out at cost of 4 per cent of
construction cost. The drops to
3.75 per cent when the construc-
ton cost is over So million. These
rates cover design, administra-
tive costs and supervision, ac-
cording to Mr.. Hutson.
In the past. all District schools
have been designed by this Office.
This year three school jobs went
to private architects for the first
time. This is because the Dis
trict has undertaken a 10-year
public improvement program,
and the amount of new work is
too great for the regular staff to
handle. Rather than increase
the size Of the staff - which
might be difficult because archi-
tects are not easy to find-it was
decided to let private architects
handle all work that the Office
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-11
Service Excellent

The city of Alexandria was one
of the State architectural Office
best TONERS. Alexandria
Schools Supt. T. c. Williams re-
calls that he appeared before a
committee of the General AS
sembly to plead for continuation
of the Office.
1T was an excellent service, F"
says Mr.. Williams. I'VE got good
plans and never experienced any
delays"
An architect named Irving I.
Dixon was the last man to head
the department. When it was
closed. he formed partnership
with another aide from the
State Office. The firm of Dixon
e. Norman today is one Of the
largest architectural Offices spe-
cializing in school design in the
East.
When you see how respected
they are in private business it
hardly can be argued that the
services Of a State architectural
office would be inferior" COM
mented Mr.. Williams.
Mr.. Williams was asked why
Alexandria didn't set up its own
architectural Office if the State
agency worked SO we'll. He ex-
planned that one locality, like
Alexandria, could not afford to
have an architectural Office OF
sufficient size. A lot of plans
might be needed one year, ana
none the next.
Establishment of a county ar
chitect system was ruled out en-
phatically in Prince Georges
County two years ago.
Former Delegate J. Frank Lii
lard. jr.. introduced legislation in
the Maryland General Assembly
which would have set up the Of
fee of a county architect to de-
sign schools.
Protesting county residents
stormed a public hearing in Hy-
attsville. They were we'll pleased
with the kind Of new schools they
had been getting with private
architectural designs. Mr.. Lii
lard abandoned the legislation.
A committee of the Fairfax
County School Board just COM
pleted a study of the public
architect idea, and concluded it
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-11
Alumni to Meet

The Michigan State Univer-
sity alumni will meet at 8 pm.
Saturday in the Dumbarton Ave-
nue. Methodist Church, 1881
Dumbarton avenue NV. Robert
l.. Roland is in charge of reser-
vations. The Spartan Bell Ring
ers and vocal quartet will be
guests.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-11

ture Of q building. Architectural
service includes complete plan
ming of q building in relation to
the site, meeting functional re-
quirements and the educational
program to be served, services of
structural engineers, mechanical
engineers and electrical engi-
neers. Complete specifications
for every item that goes into
the building from the roof down
to the smallest piece Of hard
ware" are drawn.
According to their report, the
Virginia school planning ONCE
was dropped because it proved
totally inadequate to satisfy the
needs Of the postwar school con-
struction program"
Also. they found that under
the State set-up working on a
school project was paid by the
locality. Tax funds paid for the
director and other personnel.
Thus, the costs were hidden,
but the taxpayer paid them any
way. and the evidence indicates
that the costs of individual prof.
ects varied from 4 per cent to IL
per cent Of construction costs, -
the Alexandria architects re-
ported.
Two years ago Fairfax County
decided to check up on the quail
ity Of its new buildings. The con-
sulting firm Of Smith. Hinchman
g. Grylls. Inc, Of Detroit. was
hired to make q survey and see
IL architects were designing
buildings with too many frills.
The surveyors concluded that
Fairfax not only was getting its
moneys worth. but probably
should let its architects design
more elegant buildings.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-11
Stussen to Speak

Harold E. Stassen, disarma-
ment advisor to President Essen
hover, will speak on THE Spirit
of Peace" at a meeting of the
Sunday Evening Club of National
Presbyterian Church. Eighteenth
and N streets NV, at 6:45
o'clock tonight.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-11
New Ideus

Still the search for new econ
omies in school construction goes
on-with varying degrees Of fer
vor according to the financial
position of the community.
The same Fairfax School Com
mittee that Endorsed continued
use of private architects has
come up with a plan to employ
one supervising architect on the
school staff. BY keeping close
check of architects work and
attempting to standardiZe Bme
specifications, the committee
hopes to save the county money.
The Fairfax board also is look
ing into a new type of construc-
ton used in Princess, Anne
County. Va. Much of the steel
work and other materials are
pre-cut to standard specifica-
lions. 1t has been estimated that
the county might build schools
as cheap as SO a square foot with
this method. New school con-
struction has been running close
to $l3 a square foot in Fairfax.
Montgomery school officials
are investigating a new pre-fab-
ricated type of construction used
in Indiana in hopes Of finding a
cheaper way to put up school
buildings.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-11

could not do. The District pays
a z per cent fee for private ar
.chitectural work.
The Virginia State Board of
Education used to have an archi-
tectural division to design public
schools in the State. 1t was dis
continued by action of the Gen
eral Assembly II years ago just
before the big school building
boom got started.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-11
Hog Population Rises

AMSTERDAM.-The Neither
lands hog population increased
% per cent in 1854 to an time
high of "a million head.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-11
Cost of Architects
In Building Schools
Studied by Citizens
Search for Economies Widens
As Fees Pass S. Million in Area

The opening of school used to letter day
Tor community
During the past decade everyday
ence IN the fast-growing suburbs Washington.
school construction has taken its place of the
leading industries More than 500 million has been for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-11

was impractical. The COMMITTEES
found that most cities and coun-
ties find it wiser to hire private
architects, and said that the
practice of using staff archi-
tectS lis dying if not dead
Efficiency of private architests
over public ones was the prin-
cipal asset reported by the Fair
fax committee in recommending
against any change to a public
architectural setup in the county
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-11

Iings. Since they have to pay for
designing additions anyhow -
plus a / per cent fee for use
of the basic plans and 2 per
cent for supervision-there APP
pears to be little economy in use
of the State plans. Just about
everyone connected with school
construction In Virginia agrees
that the stock plan idea has
been a flop.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-11

pilot model for the new series.
On the secondary school level
in Prince Georges, reproduction
has been so difficult that the
county only tried 1t once.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-12
TODAY'S WEATHER REPORT

District and vicinity-Chance
of scattered showers this evening
or tonight with low about s..
Rather cloudy and mild tomor-
row with scattered Thunderstorm
ers likely in the afternoon.
Maryland-Rather cloudy to-
night with occasional rain likely
In east and chance of scattered
showers In west. Slightly cooler
in east with low tonight in the
Sos in west and 1852 in east.
Rather cloudy and slightly
warmer tomorrow with scattered
showers or thunderstorms.
Virginia-Some cloudiness to-
night and tomorrow with chance
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-12
STILL HARD AT WORK
Dr.. SoIk in Victory !
Too Hurried to Talk {

ANN ARBOR. Mich, April 10
R.-Dr. Jonas E. Salk, his voice
hurried and terse, heard today
that his six-year battle against
the polio virus had won an in
itial, startling victory.
The 40-year-old University of
Pittsburgh scientist, called to q
telephone by an Associated Press
reporter from an early morning
high-level meeting. had advance
notice Of the results of the long,
awaited Francis report only
hours earlier.
Comments Brief
DIR. Salk referred to details
of the vaccine report, and then
only briefly. He said:
THE way I feel can't say
anything about that now. I
haven't time to talk about the
whole thing. After this, there
just isn't any time"
His voice was sharp sounding,
but the tone was bright. One
could almost sense he was finger
ing his eyeglasses as he stood by
the telephone in a University of
Michigan residence hall a mile
away.
A conscientious, careful-work-
ing man. he had just received
q report card from his one-time
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-12

teacher. DR.. Thomas Francis, jr..
University of Michigan epidem-
iologist. DR.. Francis had given
him an "a"
But DR. Salk's prepared talk
needed revision. He had pre-
pared it. the most decisive in his
young career. long in advance
for delivery this afternoon. Now
he had to work again.
Improving Vaccine
He already had set to improve
ing the vaccine. Children who
are vaccinated this year, he had
determined. would need only two
inoculations. against three for
last years test group. A third
shot would be given as a booster
in 1856.
Everything that DR.. Salk had
done was directed for this one
golden moment. For a young
man it was lofty and hard
earned place in the ranks of
medicine.
But he couldn't wait. His
meeting, he explained. was i'm
portant. He was sorry, he could
talk no longer. He said the in
formation was available in the
text OF his talk. That was all
he could say at the moment. His
job. after all. was medicine. not
publicity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-12

Washington Office of Eli Lilly
& Co., manufacturers of the
vaccine, refused to give figures
on the amount Of money his
company had invested In the
polio vaccine project, the num-
Der of back orders received from
area physicians. the amount of
vaccine allocated to the area, or
the price that would be charged
for vaccinations.
James e. Allen. executive vice
president Of the Henry Gilpin
Co.. wholesale distributors for
Lilly In the area. cast some light
on the question.
Mr.. Allen said that shipments
of the vaccine should be in the
hands of area physicians by May
1"-pending final approval of
the vaccine by NTH.
Physicians, mainly pediatri-
clans and general practitioners,
have. for the last few months,
been approached by drug repre-
sentatives who have requested
vaccine orders. Some doctors
have requested the vaccine while
others have waited until today's
announcement.
Course Still Undecided.
Whether DR.. Salk's recon-
mendation will be followed re-
manned somewhat up in the air
today.
DR.. Harold Kennedy. Fairfax
health officer, told area health
representatives a month ago to
design their vaccination pro-
grams so that they could be
made flexible"
Commenting on DIR. Salk's sug-
gestion, he said Fairfax would be
ready to observe the seven
wait If the medical adj
visory board of the National
Foundation backed Salk's rec
ommendation.
At the same time, a spokesman
for the Public Health Service said
ne didn't see how health depart
ments could re-arrange their
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-12
of non-paralytic polio in test and

of non-paralytic polio in test and
control groups.
| Against bulbar polio the vac
cine was estimated to have been
from 81 to "a per cent effective
in preventing paralysis in the
dummy shot control areas.
The effect was less striking in
spinal paralytic polio. About
60 per cent down to a lower
limit of 80 per cent.
From limited numbers of chill
dren tested in Canada and Fin
land the vaccine also was credit
ed with showing significant eff
feet.
DR.. Salk, in his separate re-
port. said the best effect of the
booster shot of vaccine comes if
it is given at least seven months
after the first one r-two shots.
In the series of shots the third
one is called the booster shot.
DR.. Salk said this system of
spacing the shots this year
should give immunity at least
into 1856 and the booster should
extend it for an indefinite pc
Rod. perhaps years. IA,
"Boosters Called Necessary i
He called it necessary to give
a booster shot to children vac
|cinated last year because the
three doses given them over only
a five-week period could not
have been expected to produc
more than a primary or begin
ming effect.
DR.. Salk had prepared his re-
port today without having seen
DR.. Francis report.
DR.. Salk declared the first two
shots stimulate the production
OF antibodies in the bloodstream
and the child develops a state
OF readiness to make antibodies.
His antibody producing system
becomes like a cooked revolver.
The booster shot given at least
seven months later serves as a
trigger to produce remarkably
high amounts Of antibodies. He
said natural exposure to polio,
If it occurs after the first two
shots. also acts as a trigger to
explode the antibody mechanism
into action.
DR.. Salk said the amount of
antibodies induced by the seven
to eight months spacing of the
shots is higher than that brought
about by paralytic infection it.
self.
Some Over. Treated
Some patches of vaccine used
in the tests were over-treated
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-12

cate the vaccine as a significant
cause of untoward reactions.
| There was no evidence to
blame the vaccine as a source Of
infection. the report declared.
Among children who developed
paralysis there was no evidence
that the paralysis localized or in
volved the left arm where all in
jections were given.
The vaccine is designed to pro-
tect against all three types of
virus which cause human paraly-
sis, but it varied in it's apparent
ability to halt the different types.
DR.. Francis said in the dummy
vaccine shot areas, the Salk
vaccine was So per cent effective
against Type /, 100 per cent
against Type 2, and 90 per cent
against Type 3.
This clearly agrees with pre-
vious demonstrations that most
lots of vaccine were less anti
genie or potent against Type
than against the other two types.
In addition the effectiveness of
different lots of vaccine varied
considerably as measured by the
occurrence of POLIO" DR.. Francis
said.
Single Figure Not Possible
He said it is not possible to
give a single figure expressing
the numerical or percentage eff
fectiveness of the vaccine in a
complete sense.
eff the results from the OBJ
served study areas are employed
the vaccine could be considered
to be 60 to 80 per cent effective
against paralytic polio. so per
cent against type ! polio and 10
to 80 per cent against disease
caused by types 2 and g." he
said.
There is. however. greater
confidence in the results OBJ
tanned from the strictly con-
trolled and almost identical test
populations of the placebo (dun1-
my shot) study areas.
ION this basis it may be sug-
gested that vaccination was 80
to 80 per cent effective against
paralytic polio, that it was go
to 70 per cent effective against
disease caused by Type I virus
and 80 per cent or more effective
against disease from Type II and
Type III virus.
1.-THE estimate would be more
secure had a larger number of
cases been available"
DR.. Francis said there was no
significant difference in the rates
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-12
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
themselves because most adults
probably already are immune
from earlier non-recognized ex-
posures to the disease.
Physicians in this area have
discussed priority which would
give pre-chool children and
pregnant women the vaccine
first.
But as one pediatrician said,
a spokesman for the local branch
of the American Academy of
Pediatrics here, II frankly don't
know what to do at this point.
I don't know how much is
available"
Six drug firms promised to
supply the National Founda-
ton for Polio enough vaccine
for 9 million children. They also
sail that would supply that much
more for use by private physi-
clans outside the school pro-
gram.
Drug firms are not saying how
much they have available. The
quantity can be classified as a
trade secret"
Oscar Funk, manager of the