davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-03-04
Dorothy Thompson
Dorothy Thompson
Was Cruelty Born in the East?
1t May Have Been, but Men Everywhere at All Times
Have Carefully Nurtured 1t to Its Fullest Bloom

The British government has
just released a 41-page report
Of the torture of British pris-
oners Of war in Korea, fully
documented and perfectly hor-
ribie. The torturers were Chi
nese and I am sure that the
account is quite true.
AS long as I can remember,
and before there were any
Chinese Reds. Chinese" has
been an adjective modifying
the noun torture" Chinese
tortures." When I was a very
young girl I remember seeing
display of photographs of
Westerners done to death in
China-mutilated bodies, de-
capitated heads, babies Dashed
to death against walls. I can't
remember at all what the oc-
casion was; I presume the
horrors occurred in connection
with the Boxer rebellion.
BY and large the farther
east you go. the greater the
cruelty and the less the respect
for human life. During the
war the Chinese Nationalists
massacred people wholesale on
the merest suspicion of being
pro-Japanese. Some of my mis-
sionary friends who witnessed
what happened to Chinese stu
dents in American-sponsored
colleges young people who
were suspected Of being Com
munists-have less than en-
thusiasm for the humaneness
Of the Nationalists.
Maybe 1t is Just because
there are so many people. In
teeming countries where the
developed resources are never
sufficient to feed the popula-
ton, and famine is recurrent
phenomenon, callousness to
human suffering is general.
A friend of mine, a European
diplomat assigned before World
War l to Peking. was appalled,
at the utter public Indifference
to the fate of little children.
The streets were teeming with
them and horse drawn carts,
speeding through the streets,
would knock them down, run
over them and leave them bro
ken and bleeding beside the
roadside. They never stopped
Evening star., 1955-03-04

sovereign countries became
Moscow's satellites.
In the two years since they
were returned to office the
Republicans seem to have for
gotten their pledge as COM
pletely as they have also over
looked the one to roll back the
Muscovites from the satellite
countries. Both go hand in
hand. Nobody expected the
"roll-back" policy to be &C
complished by physical coer-
cion. But the denunciation of
the Yalta agreements would
have convinced the Poles and
the other Soviet victims in
Central Europe and the Bal
kans that America at least has
not put its official stamp Of
approval on their subjugation
by the USSR.
The Kremlin has maintained
that the enslavement of the
peoples in the satellites was
approved by America and Brit
ain at Yalta. A statement by
the United States that those
private agreements, lacking
confirmation of the Senate and
consequently not having the
force Of treaties, are void would
have revived the hopes of the
downtrodden people and also
would have placed Moscow in
the hole.
The Kremlin is now eager to
sign a peace treaty with Japan.
The Russians showed their
eagerness when they accepted
readily the Tokyo governments
demand that the delegates
meet in New York instead of
New Delhi or Colombo as the
Reds had originally suggested.
The meeting is scheduled in
April and is expected to be
short. Moscow is keenly in
terested in showing good will
and soon after signing a treaty
will start undermining us in
Japan with offers of trade
which we cannot match.
But If the Yalta agreements
were denounced soon, the
Japanese could claim return
of the Kurile Islands and
Southern Sakhalin which were
allotted nonchalantly to Rus
sia by President Roosevelt at a
time when the allies could
claim no legal title to them.
The Reds have no legitimate
claims on them-not even by
conquest of arms. Three men
seated at a green table decided
by the stroke of pen to hand
over Japanese territories to the
Muscovites.
1t is inconceivable that the
Japanese could get them back
since at least 10 Red divisions
Evening star., 1955-03-04
Fletcher KnebeI-
Potomac Fever

Senate committee investigates the stock market boom
Wall Street slogan: likes peak-or bust"
Democratic Chairman says year
sweep the country All they need good candidate
good case-preferably of voter amnesia.
Chang Kai-shek releashed" "uneashed"
often lately you're quite whether working
the State Department the American Kennel Club.
Joe Mccarthy charges Army Secretary Stevens deceived the
people The Republican resembles eevison
around long enough you're bound all the old
twice.
Ike spends his first night his Gettysburg farm
Republicans worried buys farm and first thing
know he's voting Democratic to higher price supports
Montreal newspaper tells Canadians quit critczng
Americans Oh of those international busybodes huh?
Trying to horn into of telling foreigners their
business.
Democrats making great year in Congress-
They can stand on it, jump 1t sit About only
thing they can't do is it,
Evening star., 1955-03-04

nection with we'll -documented
works on Nazi atrocities, but
neither would make one cheer
full about the human race.
The good Czechs chose As
cenSion Day to round up the
entire German-speaking popu-
lation of Budweis for forced
labor. They tore babies out of
their carriages and threw them
into a nearby river with their
mothers after them. If a
mother got with her child to
the other bank. she was pushed
back. One woman, Mrs. Wal
lisch, was beaten half dead
and then forced by blows from
rifle butts to lick her own
blood from the ground. The
yard looked like a slaughter
house. Many perished in these
outbursts of fury but an even
greater number were done to
death later, in internment
camps.
This happened under the
Benes-Masaryk regime before
the Communists came In. Sor-
ry, but the Russian troops be-
haved more humanely than
the Czech partisans, confining
themselves largely to pillage
and rape but often protecting
the Germans against the worst
Czech excesses.
D. H. Lawrence in The Sea
and Sardinia describes the
peculiarities of Sicilians living
on the slopes of the recurrently
erupting Aetna volcano. He
reports them as "soulless.' ~
War, which is a human vol
cano, seems to have the same
effect in inuring people to
pity. With all the talk about
the effects of another atom
war-this aspect is not men,
toned. What kind of people
will the survivors be, quite
apart from possible effects on
their genes? Probably incapa-
BILE of pity-SoulleSs.
Evening star., 1955-03-04

give them up for a specula-
tive candidacy for President
draw upon their long expe-
rience with him as a politi-
clan. He was always a pro-
gresSive Governor but always
personally conservative in his
life and attitudes.
Before he ran for Office, he
made sure of his support and
campaign funds. He ran too as
a lone wolf. This is customary
in California. but another man
with the presidential ambitions
of the then Governor might
have been tempted to gamble
some of his great prestige on
strengthening the G. o. P.
statewide organization. Mr..
Warren never was.
One of the difficulties en-
countered by Warren admirers
in trying to build him as a
presidential possibility was his
caution. He did little outside
his State and never anything
dramatic. He did the job he
picked for himself superlative-
ly we'll but he took as few
chances as possible.
1t would also be in the con-
servative Warren character to
resist as a matter of principle
the jump into politics from the
Supreme Court. In his case,
the fact that he is willing to
argue the needs of the Fed
eral judiciary before Congress
indicates that he expects to
stay there. Democrats have
Evening star., 1955-03-04

find the way to an honorable
peace.
Mr.. Eisenhower probably is
convinced at the moment that,
if his party had to turn else
where. it could find a good
man who would make an ef-
fective campaign based on the
Republican record. But this
is something to which the
party leaders cannot turn their
minds as long as Dwight Ell
senhower doesn't say the fate
full words-that he would not
accept if nominated.
Those are words which. on
the other hand. Mr.. Eisen-
hover is never likely to say.
They run counter to his high
sense of duty. AS a military
man, he has been accustomed
to receiving assignments not
geared to his personal conven-
ience or desire. He has learned
to recognize instantly a call to
duty. He, to be sure, had
achieved eminence as the COM
mander in chief of allied
forces in Europe in the big
gest war in history and he had
made a great record. He
needed no more honors.
Gen. Eisenhower made it
clear in 1948 and in 1851 that
he didn't want a political
career. But he succumbed
eventually to the argument
that it was his duty to serve
If the people so desired. And
when the people of the coun-
try-not just the Republican
leaders-say he is needed at
the helm in perhaps one of the
most dangerous periods in all
history, it seems certain that
Mr.. Eisenhower will put aside
his desire for a private life
in retirement and continue to
serve in the presidency.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1955-03-04
Doris FIeeson-

The congressional pay bill
just approved by Congress
raises the salary of the Chief
Justice of the United States
$4,000 to an annual total of
$35,500. The potential advan-
tages which will accrue to the
present holder of that high
office, former Gov. Warren of
California, are handsome in
deed.
Viewing them in the light
Of their knowledge of Mr..
Chief Justice Warren's char
acter, politicians are suggest
ing that the Chief Justice
would be almost as hard to
draft for the G. o. P. nomina-
tion in 1856 as a reluctant
Eisenhower. The question of a
Warren candidacy should an
Eisenhower draft fail has been
raised here ever since Repub-
licans unexpectedly chose to
meet next year in San Fran
cisco.
Mr.. Chief Justice Warren is
"a this month. He cannot be
compelled to retire from his
lifetime appointment except
for disability. After he has
been on the bench for 10 years
he can retire at will and still
draw his full salary. These are
important rights for a family
man who has spent all his life
in public office. At the new
salary they afford true security.
Those who argue that Mr..
Chief Justice Warren will not
Evening star., 1955-03-04
Magistrates Charges
In Baltimore Are Hit
As Sour Grapes

BALTIMORE, Mar. 4.-The
charges of two deposed Baltimore
magistrates that persons in high
political favor attempted to in
f1uence their judgment has been
termed sour grapes"
The magistrates, Hugh j.
Monaghan II and A. Risley En-
sor, were not reappointed to their
posts.
Among those named in the
influence charges were M. Will
liam Addison. former law partner
of Gov. McKeldin; Judge Deeley
K. Nice of the Baltimore Su-
preme Bench and Chief Magis-
trate Stanley Scherr of the Bal
timore Traffic Court.
Deny Bringing Pressure.
All three denied having
brought any pressure to bear in
any traffic court case.
Mr.. Addison called the charges
"sour grapes" He said. "Those
buns were perfectly happy till
now"
Judge Nice denied absolutely
and categorically" that he ever
talked to Mr.. Monaghan about
a drunken driving case. The
magistrate had said Judge Nice
told him his law firm was rep
resenting a drunken driving de-
fendant and wanted to make
sure the fellow wasn't given a
Jail term"
Mr.. Monaghan said Mr.. Scherr
berated him for threatening to
cite for contempt two men who
tried to "flx" a traffic case.
Told "tO Go Along"
II was told If I had a political
appointment and If I wanted to
keep it was to 60 along" said
Mr.. Monaghan.
Mr.. Scherr said he was totally
surprised" that Mr.. Monaghan
should handle the truth so
recklesSly."
Gov. McKeldin said he was
surprised" at the timing of the
Monaghan and Ensor charges
He said he expected magistrates
to resist pressure. The two were
not reappointed because there
were others who wanted recogni.
ton land somebody else was ap.
pointed. that's ALL" said the
Governor.
He said he had no fault to fine
with the way they had run theil
courts.
Criticizes Delay.
The Governor criticized bott
men for not making their accuse,
tions Immediately after the al
legged attempts to influence then
were made.
Mr.. Ensor charged that a few
days before he was appointed ir
1858, Mr.. Addison told him W.
would want to talk over q few
cases a year" with him. Mr.
Ensor said he replied, IF that,
what you want, I don't want tht
job"
Evening star., 1955-03-04

and even the wayfarers showed
no interest or sympathy unless
the child was discovered and
picked up by a member of its
own family.
Pleasure in cruelty or almost
complete insensibility to it is
not, oddly enough. incompat-
ible with an otherwise high
state Of culture.
The European Middle Ages
built the loveliest cities, threw
to the skies the spires of the
most superb cathedrals. and
opened universities from OK
ford to Prague and Bologna to
Seville. But it was also the age
of the Inquisition. Brainwash-
ing is nothing new. either.
Joan of Arc was subjected to
one Of the greatest brainwash-
ing performances of which his
tory has a record. Her shrewd
and brilliant inquisitors got
the poor girl so confused that
she denied that she had ever
heard her voices or communi-
Gated with fhe heavenly saints.
When she pulled herself to-
gether and recanted on her
signed confession, they burned
her alive and most of the pop
ulace thoroughly enjoyed the
spectacle.
Nothing, it would appear,
more induces to cruelty than
a sense of righteousness. Cruel
acts performed for a noble
cause-Such as the salvation
of humanity-permit the per-
petrators to have it both ways:
To satisfy their unconscious
sadistic natures and salve their
consciences. No wars are so
brutal as religious wars. such
as the Thirty Years War of
the 10th century. or the last
two world wars to make the
world safe for democracy, or
the four freedoms, or end the
exploitation of man by man.
and thus one way or another
usher in the millennium.
Austro-German survivors Of
the expulsion Of the Sudeten
Germans from Czechoslovakia
following the withdrawal Of
the German troops have just
published a collection Of sworn
documents. 1t would be a good
idea to read this book in con-
Evening star., 1955-03-04
McKeIdin 10 Start Work
On Pocomoke City Bypass

BALTIMORE, Mar. 4.-The
State Roads Commission an
nounced yesterday it will start
construction March II of a dual
highway bypass to carry U. S.
Route 13 around Pocomoke City.
Gov. McKeldin plans to turn
the first earth with a power
shovel.
The ceremonies will be at the
site of a 2l5-foot bridge over
the Pennsylvania Railroad tracks
northwest of Pocomoke City in
Somerset County.
The bypass, to be built as
one pair Of lanes for an ultimate
dual highway, is scheduled for
completion in 1857.
The project also includes a
new bridge over Pocomoke River
between Worcester and Somerset
Counties. The commission plans
to ask for bids on 1t later this
year.
Evening star., 1955-03-04
Constantine Brown

The arbitrary expulsion Of
Father Georges Bissonnette,
the American pastor who per-
formed his duties in Moscow
in keeping with the 1888
treaty which led to the re-
sumption of political and
economic relations between
this country and the Soviet
Union. is not likely to result
in more than an exchange Of
angry diplomatic notes.
Despite the many breaches
Of that basic agreement. the
administration is not in the
mood to withdraw its recog-
milton from the Red dictator
ship. Such action. it believes,
will not help the cause Of
peace, which is the main aim
Of our Government.
But this renewed disregard
for treaties is expected to in
crease the demands from many
political leaders in both parties
that the Yalta agreements be
declared void.
The Republican leadership
in Congress, with an eye on
the 1856 elections. is uncom-
Portable about the "do-noth-
ing, policies of the admins
tration on this matter. The
Republicans 1852 platform
called definitely and without
ifs or butts for the annuling Of
those private agreements be-
tween President Roosevelt and
Prime Minister Stain to which
Prime Minister Churchill re-
luctantly consented.
The G. o. P. denounced the
Yalta agreements as an illegal
diplomatic instrument whose
full contents were never dis
closed to the American people.
The State Department, which
has received ample funds to
publish the agreements-and
was supposed to do so last
October-is still dragging its
feet. The official explanation
is that former Secretary Of
States James Byrnes, the
widow of former Secretary
Edward Stettinius and Mrs.
Eleanor Roosevelt have been
unco-operative about giving
State Department historians
access to their private papers
dealing with the Yalta Con-
ference.
The fact remains, however,
that the Republican Party has
not lived up to its pledges
given the American electorate
that if returned to Office it
would void the unfair agree
ments signed at the 1945 meet
ing in the Crimea whereby
Evening star., 1955-03-04
Biggest Strike Period
Followed VI Duy

NEW YORK.-V-J day uSh-
cred in the most active period of
strikes and lockouts in our his
troy, according to a new survey
by the Twentieth Gentry Fund.
In 1916 there were 100000
workers involved and nearly
1l2 per cent of all potential
working time was lost.
Evening star., 1955-03-04

As little as S4.e9 delivers this
stunning modern block lac
quered desk TO your home. The
white plostie top keeps clean
with the swish Of O Damp cloth.
Measures 1898" II hos two
roomy drawers that open from
the bock and front so thut
your desk con face in both
directions.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1955-02-15

lish the new orchard. If these are not
available, then two-year-old, branched
tree would be second choice. But do
not buy older trees because they do not
transplant as readily and may already
have developed bad crotches.
When the young one-year-old whip
tree is planted, cut it back to a height
of "a to 80 inches. If an older tree is
planted, remove as much as so per cent
of the wood Do not cut it back indis-
criminately, but rather, cut out weak
branches right back to the main trunk.
Make clean cuts and do not leave stubs.
The branches which are to remain can
be cut back to strong side bud The
wounds of young, pruned trees do not
have to be painted over if they are
less than an inch in diameter.
In the prairie sections of the state.
it is desirable to train the young tree
to branch fairly low to the ground to
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1955-02-15

between strips are seeded to grass.
1t takes some time and effort to lay
out the field for this type of farming
and to seed the grass, but you can get
technical assistance from your Soil
Conservation District and financial as
sistance from the Agricultural Conser-
walton Program.
Do you wonder why the federal gov
eminent is interested in soil conserva-
ton? Teddy Roosevelt said, ''To skin
and exhaust the land will result in
undermining the days of our children. +"
And Bennett and Pryor estimated the
annual bill which America pays in one
way or another for erosion is $S,844.-
600. 900, of which $4OO, 200, 900 is the di-
rect cost to the farmers through
reduced income and reduced land val
ues. Or you can say that people can
get along without TV set or car.
but everyone must eat.
I guess you've noticed that Conser-
walton Charley has been spending his
long winter evenings with book or
two.
Conservingly yours,
CONSERVATION CHARLEY
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1955-02-15
Orcbards and Gardens
Prune Apple
Trees Now
By LEONARD YAGER

THE LATE WINTER months are a
good time of the year to prune apple
and crabapple trees. Since the first five
years of growth of a small tree is the
time when pruning is most important.
intelligent pruning this time viii aid in
developing a tree with a strong, sturdy
framework. A well developed tree viii
be able to stand the rigorS of weather
better, and will be capable of bearing
heavy crops of fruit without breakage
of limbs and branches.
It is always advisable to purchase
strong, one-year-old whip trees to estab-
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1955-02-15

avoid sunscald injury. Sunscald comes
as a result of training tree to single
trunk. The sun beating on this trunk
especially in late winter, causes sap
to rise prematurely and subsequent
cold spell will cause freezing and split
ting of this bark. A tree that is trained
to branch fairly low to the ground
suffers less from sunscald injury.
The most desirable method of pruning
and training is the development of from
three to five strong scaffold or support
ing limbs. any branches which develop
from the main trunk at too acute an
angle should be removed. Leave only
those which develop strong U shaped
crotches with the main trunk. AS soon
as these main Scaffold limbs have been
selected, the main leader is removed
and cut back to just above the last OF
the scaffold limbs.
This method of training is commonly
referred to as the modified leader
method of pruning and it has been found
most practical for apple and crabapple
trees. The trees are lower headed than
those in which the main trunk is not
cut back The tree does not grow as tall
and thus spraying, pruning, and har-
vesting are made easier.
Remember that if the trees are given
proper pruning during these first five
years, little pruning, except some cor
receive pruning, will be necessary dur
ing later years. An excellent USDA
publication on the subject is Pruning
Hardy Fruit Plants, y Farmers Bulletin
1870. Your county agent will have a
copy of this for your information.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1955-02-15
M lleHJrR VEN

The witness was nervous and he
spluttered, stammered and Kissed the
answer to the first question, IS s.. IS
.sss."
The irate judge gIared at the arrest
ing officer and demanded, whats he
charged WITH"
Sounds like carbonated water" he
replied.
Charm is something people have until
they begin relying on it.
s'Have you any abnormal children in
your class?" harassed-looking teacher
was asked.
''Yes." she replied. ''two of them
have good manners"
''Did you have nice time, Bobby"
his mother asked on his return from a
birthday party.
'Tve never been TO a worse party"
Bobby replied. "They had some woman
there who didn't do anything but try
to restore ORDER"
No matter how low in value the dol
lar may fall, it will never fall as low
as some people will stoop to get it.
s'Who was that man saw you kissing
last night?''
s'What time was tips
Seeing ourselves as others see us
wouldn't do much good. We wouldn't
believe it.
World: A big ball which revoIves on
its taxes.
When it takes you twice as long to
rest and half as long to get tired,
you're getting Old
One thing that puzzles every married
man is why every bachelor isn't rich.
The only woman who'll gladly listen
to both sides of an argument is the
one who lives next door.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1955-02-15
HOWDY FOLKS,


A couple of birthdays this month
reminded me that these United States
have been in business quite a few
years and that some pretty wise men
set up the system. Did you know that
George Washington was concerned
about the soil erosion on his plantation?
And that Patrick Henry said, she is
the greatest patriot who stops the most
gullies?"
Then there's contour farming. Thomas
Jefferson wrote that after a hard rain
on his contour-farmed fields the ''hori-
zontal burrows arrested the water at
every step till it was absorbed, or at
least deposited the soil it had taken up"
What's contour farming? It's just
cultivating and planting the land ON
the level-go around the hill instead
of over it. Why do it that way? It
makes every furrow and drill row serve
as dam to hold the water on the
hillside till it can soak into the soil.
Those burrows and drill rows up and
down the slope act as bitches to carry
water and top soil into the river
Montana's rivers can get along nicely
without donations of that kind.
In Montana contour strip cropping
works best because it eliminates point
rows. The cultivated strip is the same
width throughout and the uneven spaces