davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-10-20
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Bot French Minister'S Troubles
Are by No Means at an End

mutinies among the reservists
called to the colors to fight in
Morocco and Algeria than have
been reported In the press.
Last week. for instance, three
battalions which were to be
embarked on the liner Pasteur
for duty In Morocco protested
violently against this tour Of
duty. They were supported BY
the populace and their families
which had gathered ct the pier.
At Toulon, the principal mili-
tary port Of France, o regiment
of colonial infantry French
Marines) voted against their
departure. They left eventually
amidst angry protests. When
orders were issued to 500 sol-
diers Of the Sd Artillery
Regiment stationed at Bourges
to leave for North Africa. they
were received with shouts that
they did not want to be killed
in North Africa. Similar scenes
are reported from almost every
section of France. where re-
servists are being called back
to duty TO strengthen the gar
risons In Morocco and Algeria.
The campaign forced on
France by the Communist-in-
spired nationalist Arab move
ments is less popular than that
in Indo-C China. Even profess
sional soldiers in the once
famed Foreign Legion are re-
luctant to fight and desert
whenever opportunity arises.
The old discipline in the French
armies Is breaking down. The
iron rule that orders must be
obeyed and not argued is rap
idly disappearing. The French
soldiers. like most Latins, are
temperamental. They are ca
pable Of great deeds OF heroic
self-sacrifice as they are ca
pable Of giving up quickly
under adverse or unfavorable
conditions. This Is particu-
larly true when they are not
fighting to defend their own
borders. Moreover, the French
have been subjected to Com
munist propaganda and infiil-
tration for a longer period than
the armies Of most democra-
cies. Scenes showing lack of
discipline, similar to those Of
the present, occurred 80 years
ago when the Paris govern
ment had to send 1O0,0 900 men
under the command of Mar
shal Petain to put down the
rebellion Of the Riffs led by
Abdel Krim. But as soon as
Evening star., 1955-10-20

Secretary Dulles and his as
sociates who are going to Ge-
neva next week gave q sigh
Of relief when Prime Minister
Edgar Faure was reprieved last
Tuesday by the National AS
sembly. The Big Four foreign
ministers conference nov. viii
be able to proceed without the
delay . French cabinet crisis
might have caused.
The reprieve Is expected TO
continue until the end Of the
year. After that 1t Is any
body's guess what viii happen
to "the pivot Of the Western
coalition" The richest country
Of Europe suffers evidently
from q kind Of pernicious ane-.
mia whose treatment nobody
seems to be able to describe
least Of all the French them
selves.
There is no doubt that the
troubles in North Africa
which the French political
leaders themselves now admit
to have their origin In Mos
cow-place any French govern
ment in q highly unpleasant
and difficult situation. The cure
can be either the use Of force
to the limit or surrendering to
the Arabs not only Morocco
but also Algeria. which Is an
integral part Of metropolitan
France. Unlike the case Of
Indo- China. no French gov
ernment could surrender the
North African empire and sur
vive. The alternative would
be the crushing Of the upris-
ing by an extensive military
operation. A full-scale CAM
paign would require not only
most Of the available troops
in France but also q partial
mobilization. This procedure
has been suggested by parlia-
mentarians Of the extreme
right wing and by some top
military men. The recent mu-
TIMES have shown, however,
that such measures would Gre
ate q dangerous domestic situ-
alton.
There have been many more
Evening star., 1955-10-20

After wading through 10000
words Of official documents is
sued by the Department Of
Defense from the records Of
messages, reports and recoH1a-
mendations apropos Soviet
entry into the war with Japan.
the reader win find one Inn
portant fact omitted. It Is that
nobody knew ct the time Of the
Yalta Conference on February
10, l945, or for Q long while
thereafter, that an atom bomb
was going to defeat Japan in
August Of that year.
What Is revealed now has
to be placed in the setting Of
existent knowledge In the early
part Of i945. Thus, high mill
tary officers. including Gen.
Macarthur. had discussed aca-
demically since the day Pearl
Harbor was attacked whether
it would be q good thing to get
Soviet Russia to fight Japan.
But the big question that
led to the publication Of, the
documents this week BY the
Pentagon revolves around q
political dispute. Democrats
have contended that the sur
renders made at Yalta and
the concessions to Russia were
q price that had to be paid
to get the Soviets into the war.
Republicans have contended,
on the other hand. that no
such price had to be paid.
Many people on the side
lines, forgetting that at Yalta
nobody knew about the atom
bomb, have known only that
Russia entered the war just
q few days before the bomb
was dropped. Naturally it was
wondered whether America.
realizing that she had this
nuclear weapon, should have
felt compelled to let Russia
get so many concessions.
The fact is that the big
Evening star., 1955-10-20
Talk Among Dixie Governors
Makes Him Odds-on Fovorite

or Senator Estes. Kefauver Of
Tennessee.
As for those two other Lead
ing candidates, 1t is significant
that there was not q single
public avowal for the Tennessee
Senator. the only Southerner
among the three, while Gov.
Hartman got only a split vote.
Nor did anyone express q pri.
vate preference for Senator
Kefauyer. The Governor OF his
State Frank g. Clement--de-
clared publicly here for Adlai
Stevenson.
Gov. Hartman edged into
the picture when Gov. Ray
mond Gary Of Oklahoma said
In q news conference that he
would be either for him or for
Adlai Stevenson. He said he
had met and talked with Gov.
Hartman on visits to New
York.
The generally favorable atti-
tude OF Southern political lead
ers toward the 1852 candidate,
with the rare exceptions noted,
seems to reflect, among other
things, the very conciliatory
and friendly overtures to the
South since 1852 both by Adlai
Stevenson and by his 1852
campaign manager, Stephen A.
Mitchell, formerly Democratic
national chairman.
While national chairman,
Steve Mitchell spent a great
deal Of time visiting around
among Southern political lead
ers, giving q sympathetic ear
to their problems. This con-
sideration was appreciated and
evidently Is now paying divi-
dends.
It might be surmised that
this bridging Of the Mason and
Dixon lipe by Messrs. Steven
son and Mitchell played some
part In the diminution Of the
rebellious spirit in the South
which was so manifest at this
conference Of Southern Gov
ernors as contrasted with SINH
lar gatherings In the last eight
years. Conversely, Adlai Ste
yenson benefits from the low
cred boiling point Of South
ern leaders.
There are obviously numer-
ous other factors in the lean
ing Of the South toward the
former Illinois Governor.
Among them II removal Of the
Evening star., 1955-10-20
DAVID LAWRENCE
Why the Concessions at Yolto?

The aconference' referred to
was held ct Potsdam the next
month. President Truman
knew about the atomic devel-
ments and the story Of what
the atom bomb probably could
do in war. He had an oppor-
tunity, of course, to decide to
revise the Yalta concessions II.
he wished to do SO. but every
effort was made at Potsdam
to urge Stain to get into the
war. He promised to do so.
Gen. MacArthur's part In
the whole affair appears to
be Incidental. When he de-
MED last March that his views
were solicitde before the
Yalta Conference. he was tell
ing the truth. The records
bear him out. There are two
sections In the newly released
report which mention the gem
eral. One concerns q CONVEX
sation held with Col. Paul
Freeman, who represented the
Joint Chiefs and talked to
Macarthur three days after
Yalta but before either Mac
Arthur or Freeman knew what
had. happened at the Yalta
Conferences.
Likewise. Gen. George A.
Lincoln, who did bring the
news about Yalta to MacAr-
thur on February 25, 1945. re-
ported that the general dis
cussed possible invasion Of
Japan. with Russia assumed
to be Q future participant. But
that was after the political
decisions had been made at
Yalta and any discussions con-
cerning possible aims or claims
to territory that might be
made by Russia in the Far East
were irrelevant. It was then
MacArthur's job to exploit the
decision as an accomplished
fact and get as favorable a
program Of Russian assistance
as was possible for the benefit
Of his own operations.
Rsproduetion Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1955-10-20
Herbert Hoover
Gets ANA Award

NEW YORK. Oct. 20 E.
Former President Hoover has
been cited by the American Med
ical Association for his work Is
honorary chairman Of the Board
of Trustees for the National
Fund for Medical Education.
At his Waldorf Towers suite
yesterday. Mr.. Hoover was pre-
scented with the Frank II. Lalley
Award for Outstanding leader.
ship in medical education"
Since 1949 the National Fund
has granted 81 million to 80
medical schools.
In accepting the award. Mr..
Hoover said the responsibility
for finding funds" for medical
research and technician train
ling docs not lie upon our med
Iical men but upon laymen and
industry"
Evening star., 1955-10-20

A new and sizzling chapter
IN the fevered preconvention
maneuvering triggered by Pres
ident Eisenhower's heart at
tack centers around another
coronary victim. Senate Ma
jority Leader Lyndon Johnson.
It is typical Of the fast pace
Of political developments since
the professionals began to
realize that both conventions
would probably be wide open.
Senator johnson is recover
ing from q massive heart at
tack at his Texas ranch, where
he was recently visited by
Washington reporters. On
their return they reported
that he was seeking to form
q center coalition within the
Democratic Party which would
play q decisive role at its
presidential convention next
summer. Z
The Senator was described
as determined to force q truly
wide open convention in which
Adlai Stevenson would not be
automatically nominated. He
hopes also, 1t was said, to
achieve q platform which win
reflect the moderate temper
Of The Democratic Congress
under the leadership Of john
son and Speaker Rayburn.
1t now appears that what
ever the merits of the johnson
plan, its timing was OF. With
in "a hours. members Of the
Southern Governors Com
Evening star., 1955-10-20
Proposed Center Coalition Takes
Southern Governors by Surprise

ference, meeting in Point
Clear, Ala, threw Mr.. johnson
down so hard he bounced. The
Governors said they knew
nothing about such q coalition,
though they would obviously
have major control Of their
State delegations at the con-
vention and the South would
be q natural field for cultiya-
tion OF moderate sentiment
Some said they thought 1t o
poor idea.
The explanation now offered
IS that Senator johnson hadn't
gotten around TO discussing the
matter with the Southern Gov
ernors but that he planned in
time to do so. He has Of course
had 3 great many important
political figures visiting him In
Texas. Presumably he has
tried out his idea on them.
That Senator johnson would
want the party to 60 in the di-
rection he has been taking the
Senate majority Is not surpris-
ing. He Is extremely defensive
Of his course. which has been
under attack within the party
and not always by the liberals.
But while showing himself
sensitive. to criticism he has
neither retreated from nor
wavered In his belief that the
johnson line was tn tune with
the public temper. therefore
both proper and politically
wise.
The proposed johnson center
Evening star., 1955-10-20
BY THOMAS r. HENRY

/ Unbelievably minute amounts
Iof antibiotics, Of the general
Ipenicillin type. make pigs and
chickens grow more and faster
on less food.
An international conference
of scientists. meeting at the De-
lpartment Of Agriculture audi
torium under auspices Of the !
National Academy Of Sciences
here today, are exploring the
reasons for this phenomenon.
which may be q major factor
| In agriculture Of the future.
As little as 10 grams per ton
lin the ration Of hogs--there are
about 80 grams in an ounce
lmay cause a growth increase OF
from 10 to 20 per cent and al
Saving Of about 20 pounds of
feed for every 100 pounds an
lanimal gains, DR.. T. ], Cunha OF
1.-THE University Of Florida told
1.-THE agricultural experts from 10
countries.
Four Explanations Indicated
There are probably four rea-I
sons, It was explained by Dr.
IC. A. Baumann. University Of
wisconsin biochemist. First.
farm animals probably are sub
lject to q lot Of unknown diseases.
too mild to be recognized as such
but which nevertheless interfere
with normal growth. The anti
ibinotics kill the germs causing
these maladies.
Second, said DR.. Baumann. the
substances probably encourage
1.-THE growth of other organisms
which synthesize vitamins in the
animal itself. Third. they kill
germs which normally compete
with the animal itself for these
ivitamins. Fourth. they thin the
intestinal walls. permitting bet-I
tier absorption Of vitamins and
lother nutrients.
Experiments have shown. he
said, that suppression of mild
disease Is the most important
factor in the antibiotic effect
lon growth Of chickens.
The drugs also are very im-I
lportant in treatment Of recog-I
lnized livestock and poultry
Imaladies. reported DR.. B. s.
lPomeroy Of the University Of
minnesota. Fifty to 1000 grams
lare added to a ton Of feed. The
lantibiotics also are effective
when added to water at the rate
Iof rs to $50 parts per million.
Greatest Effect In Unclean Areas
This. he said. should prove OF
enormous value to agriculture.
Respiratory diseases Of poultry
which may be prevented by this
treatment cost growers $40 mil
lions a year. The annual disease
Evening star., 1955-10-20
THOMAS 1. STOKES
South Looks to Stevenson

principal road block to the
Stevenson presidential try in
1852, the heroic symbol IKE"
who won the hearts Of SO many
Southerners. That clears the
way for Adlai Stevenson who
piled up Q remarkable vote
under all the adverse circum-
stances he encountered three
years ago. Another factor to
the 1852 candidates advantage
Is that he will. il successful in
the convention this time, be
nominated on his own without
the appearance Of being the
protege of Harry Truman who
has raised up so many enemies
in the South. His 1862 identity
with the former President
probably cost Mr.. Stevenson
many votes in the South.
Nor can anyone who knows
the South overlook an infiu-
ence that Is. persuasive with
many southerners. That is
that Adlai Stevenson. with his
intellectual capacities. his abil-
ity to express himself. his
idealism. and his refusal to
make the cheap compromises
Of politics. is in the tradition
Of Woodrow Wilson, the last
Southerner to sit In the White
House.
Adlai Stevenson also Dement'S
from the new moderation"
movement in the South. For,
he embodies that spirit In his
approach to current problems
In the speeches he has made
periodically since his defeat.
Evening star., 1955-10-20
DORIS FLEEsoN
Johnson's Move Bockfires

win necessarily be controver-
sial. There are elements In
the Democratic Party which
believe that when the country
is In that mood. it win vote
Republican and that the DEM
ocrats must offer vigorous pro-
grams for social and economic
progress.
Although johnson denies
any hostility toward Steven
son, Stevenson supporters are
reacting to his views with ex-
treme suspicion. II it Is not
part Of q stop Stevenson"
drive. they say, it doesn't dis-
courage it In any way.
Professionals raise the ques-
tion Of just how much Sena-
tors influence national conven-
tions anyway. Recent history
at least dictates the answer
Of mot very much" and the
case of the late Senator Taft
springs readily to mind.
From q personal point Of
view. friends Of Senator John
son suggest that he Is indeed
confident Of restored vitality
II he is going both to try to
run the Senate and to play a
decisive role in presidential
politics in the same year. His
illness has seemed to them al
most more poignant than the
Presidents since 1t struck him
at only AZ years Of age as his
national stature was maturing.
They understand his ambition
and his irnpetuous nature but
they think also Of the limita-
tions Of the human frame
when q coronary history is in
the background.
Evening star., 1955-10-20
Obvious That Reds Couldn't Allow
US. to Gain Dominance in Far East

test Of the atom bomb in New
Mexico occurred July is. l945
- several months after the
Yalta Conference. Hence. 1t
was not possible to revise the
position which the American
Government had taken ct the
Yalta Conference.
The records just made pub
lie leave open the question Of
why the Allies had to sell out
Poland and make other con-
cessions In Europe II the self
interest Of the Soviets was so
obvious - that they couldn't
stay out OF the war and let
the United states and the-allies
gain o dominance in the Far
East. Since 1t was so important
to Russia to be in on the kill
against Japan. why were con-
cessions made ct Yalta?
The documents stress the
fact that the military men in
America thought 1t desirable
to have Russia in the war.
But the United States Joint
Chiefs Of Staff were not unani-
NOUS. Thus Admiral King.
chief Of Naval Operations. is
referred to as follows in q
document revealed this, week.
dated June 10. 1915:
admiral King said he
wished to emphasize the point
that. regardless Of the desira-
bility of the Russians entering
the war. they were not indis-
pensable and be did not think
We should 60 so far as to beg
them to come in. While the
cost of defeating. Japan would
be greater. there was no ques-
ton In his mind that we
. could handle it alone. He
thought that the realization
Of this fact should greatly
strengthen the Presidents
hand in the forthcoming con-
ference"
Evening star., 1955-10-20
Common Sees Hope
For Bolunced BUDGET
BY the Associated Press

Chairman Cannon, Democrat
|of Missouri. of the House Appro-
|priations Committee expressed
hope today that the next session
|of Congress could balance, the
national budget.
But whether there can be a
tax cut next year is "problemati-
CAL" he said.
Trying to balance the budget" /"
he added. will be one Of the
major tasks Of the coming ses-
sion but mo one seems to be
alarmed about IT," Secretary OF
the Treasury Humphrey has
voiced hope for O balanced
budget by next June 80.
Evening star., 1955-10-20

POINT CLEAR, Ala.-Adlai
Stevenson is far In the lead
for the 1856 Democratic pres
idential nomination among
Southern party leaders as re-
dected by Southern Demo-
cratic Governors who came
here for their annual confer
ence. Their attitude is Inn
portant because Of their con-
troll Of State delegations to
the Chicago convention next
year.
The 1852 candidate is ap-
praised as the inevitable and
llappiest solution for the party
as a whole. He is looked upon
as the figure among the lead
ing aspirants who can come
closest to uniting the party's
diverse elements, North and
South, which is a most essen
tial consideration In the Dem
ocratic Party. As for qualifica-
tions necessary as q candidate
and as President, he demon
strated his talents as q CAM
paigner In 1852 and has won
widespread recognition for his
abilities in statecraft by his
career.
This does not mean that
Adlai Stevenson Is the personal
choice Of all the IA Governors
OF the South and border
States who gathered here,
though he Is acceptable as
the candidate among an over
whelming majority, and by
some Of those enthusiastica
Two dissenters were noted
among those whose views were
made known, either publicly
or privately. One was Gov.
Allan Shivers Of Texas who
bolted to Eisenhower in 1852
and carried his State with him,
and expresses his bitter per-
sonal feeling toward Adlai
Stevenson publicly and
frankly as he did again here.
He went further this time and
said Mr.. Stevenson could not
win the nomination.
The other dissenter was Gov.
big Jim" Folsom Of Alabama
who merely parrots. whenever
and wherever asked: I'm for
Truman" That gives him q
hitching post until he makes
UP his mind. He Is reported
inclined toward either Gov.
Averell Hartman Of New York
Evening star., 1955-10-20

effects on the heredity OF lower
organisms, such as molds, and
thus may be important tools in
the study Of genetics. it was re-
ported by DR.. J. J. Christensen,
plant pathologist Of the Univer-
sity Of Minnesota.
The weight gain In pigs from
minute amounts Of the sub
stances in the diet. is in both
red meat and fat, it was report
ed by DR.. Hjalmar Clausen Of
the Danish Royal Agricultural
College.
Evening star., 1955-10-20
|Antibiotics Spur Growth
Of Pigs and Chickens

loss in baby pigs exceeds $3.50
million.
The most pronounced effects
on chicken growth, said DR.. g. F.
Combs Of the University of
Maryland, occurs when birds are
reared In old. possibly unclean
quarters. There is little effects
on chicks In new. immaculate
pens. This indicates the major
growth effects come from sup
preston Of unrecognized, mid
diseases.
Antibiotics may have major
Evening star., 1955-10-20
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Some New York Republicans Tom Dewey for Pres-
dent only fair whole generation Of has
up had an opportunity vote against Dewey
Gov Hartman Of New York opens acampaign to help the
aging His client may be Adai Stevenson Every time
mentions Harran name Stevenson ages years
Princess Margaret dimes the Archbishop Of Canterbury
at state dinner Sensible these British girls You
catch them eIoping empty stomach
There's build third party around Senator
Joe Mccarthy New approach Instead Of going begging
for votes. they'll subpoena them
.ss
Scientists discover atomic particle that annihae
everybody Don't worry Itn never be used Mankind prefers
the do-t-yoursen method.
Ike and Secretary Dulles confer foreign policy Darma-
men is making The Reds throwing down their
as fast the Egyptians win pick them up.
Gov Shvers Of Texas Adlai can't be
this time Stevenson is Shives choice for President
His first choice Is anybody Fho can beat him.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-15
House Bui|dinq
Voted
S. Million Approved
For Congress Space

Construction of a third Office
building for members of the
House was given a big push yes
terday when the Senate passed a
general supplemental appropria-
ton bill calling for an outlay
OF more than 1852 million.
The House already had ap-
proved So million to start its
new Office building. but the Sem
ate raised the original outlay to
IS million.
Senate action on the bill also
assured progress on the pro-
posed Jones Point bridge across
the Potomac River. The Senate
okayed an item of $500. 900 for
plans for the structure. the same
figure previously approved by
the House.
Since this figure is not in con-
f1ict between the two houses. it
will be included in the Anal
supplemental bill that comes out
of conference between the House
and Senate.
u. s. to Pay Most
The Federal Government is
expected to pay the lions share
of the cost of this bypass bridge
but the District, Maryland and
Virginia will have stable bills
to pay for approach roads.
The Senate approved District
government items in the sup
Elemental bill totaling more
than 81 million. The largest
portion of this is for the Dis
trict's share OF costs for repairs
to buildings at st. Elizabeths
Hospital.
Included also is an item OF
$152,900 for the District We'll
fare Department to meet in
creased costs of public as
sistance.
Pay for Detectives
Approved also was an item of
$56,691 to reimburse the Dis
trict for the cost of detectives
who have been assigned at the
Capitol since quartet of Puerto
Ricans staged a shooting fray
in the House.
The bill, as passed by the
Senate, also includes 100000
for the National Capital Plan
ming Commission to begin a
survey of mass transportation
problems in the. Metropolitan
Area. The commission had
asked for double that amount.
The Senate Appropriations
Committee indicated its concern
over the total project by say
ing that the 100000 now
recommended was to begin"
the survey. 1t added that it
had an understanding that an
additional 100000 will be
needed to complete the survey.