davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-02-18
Inquiry Corner
Father HeaIey

diyidual to resist an unjust az
greSsor, even to the taking of
his life dn self-defense) where
that is necessary, criminals have
a right to due process of law.
Action should be directed to a
reform in government. Any ac-
ton outside" the law could be
excused only in the most unusual
circumstances, only temporarily
and only as last resort.
Q. Is there Saint Robert?
A. There are number of
saints of that name. Among the
most famous is st. Robert, Abbot
of the 18th century, who was the
founder of the Cistercian Order.
The Cistercians were branch
of the Benedictines, and later
reform of the Cistercians in the
m astery of La Trappe in
northern France has led to the
modern name of Trappist. st.
Robert Bellarmine was a brill
liant scholar and reformer of
the nth century. He was Great
ed Cardinal in 1898 and was
a great leader in the Catholic
Reformation. His feast day is
September 18th. He was canon.
lied in 1880.
Q. What are some of the req
nIdtionS regarding the election
of net0 pope?
A. BY order of Pope Plus XI
the cardinals must meet in con-
clave within fifteen to eighteen
days after the death of the ROM
an Pontiff. Pope Gregory X in.
troduced the law of conclave in
1874 whereby the cardinals con-
duct the sessions in isolation and
secrecy, nothing of the sessions
being published until the new
pope has been chosen. 1t is SIM
liar to our "locked-up" jury A
two-thirdS majority is required
and the cardinal chosen (al-
though strictly speaking any
male Catholic could be chosen)
accepts and chooses the name by
which he will be known.
@. Is there a st. Conrad?
A. st. Conrad, bishop of Con-
stance in Switzerland, was noted
for his zeal and love of the peo-
pie. He died in ITO A. D. and
was canonized in 1920 A. D. st.
Conrad of Piscenza in Italy was
a nobleman who was beggared by
a hunting accident and with his
wife left the world for contem-
plation. His holiness brought
many to visit him so he left for
Sicily where he finished his life
in prayer and in care of the sick
in the hospital at Motto. He died
in 1851.
Send questions TO Father Ed
ward F. Healey, Inquiry Corner,
The Catholic Times, Box 636, Co
lumbus 16) Ohio.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-02-18

repetition of the "soitening up"
process which has so easily been
practiced by Moscow on gullible
American public opinion for the
past twenty years.
This procedure is a simple
one, and that makes it all the
more startling that the United
States has proved susceptible to
it so many times.
Weight of Public Opinion
The first step is for the Com
munists and their friends in the
non-Soviet nations, and specifl-
cally in the United States, TO
bring pressure on Washington
for action through the United
Nations. And so it is that on
January 27. the Daily Worker in
its leading editorial applauds the
stand of the NeW York Post and
Americans for Democratic Ae-
ton in calling for a cease fire
under the auspices of the
United Nations. The 'Stalinists
and their allies are whipped up
to deluge Congress and the
White House with demands TO
negotiate"
Thus it is that this editorial,
which sets the pace for succeed
ing utterances by the Red daily
organ, concludes with this di-
receive: Speak out now FOR an
end to this policy of interven-
ton and war (Which the Daily
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-02-18

Worker claims Eisenhower may
embark upon. Wire and tele-
phone your Senators, and the
White House to TALK with the
Chinese, to NEG 0TI A I r
settlement of the present crisis"
While Washington is flooded
with such communications -
which our Senators and Repre-
Sentatives will not recognize as
com ing from the Communist
camp, since few of them follow
Communist documents pa
triotic Americans are counted
upon to do nothing at all. The
weight of what appears to be
American public opinion will
be thus favorable in Washing
tons eyes TO negotiating" with
the Chinese Reds at any cost.
Third War Specier
The next step by the Soviet
fifth column is an inevitable
one 1t is to represent the
American people as crtngthg
l0ith fear before the possibility
of a third world war" There
fore, the Daily Worker tells its
followers TO spread this false
piece of gossip: There is a fear
that if the President is authori-
zed to carry out the Knowland-
Radford-McCarthy program for
war now with China, it may lead
to a terrible conflagration, with
frightful consequences for the
world" The Red organ wants
TO see a growing elamor for
some alternative to this grizzly
prospect"
This is nothing other than the
raising up of ghosts to frighten
us, as though the A m r ic an
people were mere children. The
Chinese Communists. with their
clumsy economy, will not dare to
have a frontal war with the
United States, nor will the whole
Soviet world
II the White House iuefe 70
stand firm, there aeould not be
ledr but peace r. peace phjch
a0ould be the beginning Of Craze
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-02-18

answered: Who leads the campaign to keep the Ca
holc children of this nation in the position of second
rate citizens sort of sep-children when it
comes to enjoying the aid of the government in
education? Yes who the leaders? They defin-
ely are not our nonCatholc neighbors of our local
communities with whom live and work
If the government is to discriminate against
the great segment of privately conducted public
schools then the government must accept the con-
cusion that it stands in favor of unsupported
schools only, and has time for the children as
such of the people who help to pay the taxes. IF
you want help, get in the unsupported schools"
is what the President says in effect He cannot es-
cape that Will he forget us if he succeeds with
his pet UNIT plan? It's not likely
Congress, thank God, has never adopted such 4
position Ii remains to be seen whether not a
Congress which has always given aid to the citizen
such will now adopt new principle of aiding
only those who line up under the government di-
rected type of education.
America is the only great nation, other than
those behind the Iron Curtain. that does not help
privately conducted non.tax-supported schools.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-02-18
LOUIS r. BUDEM
The Danger: Retreat From Asia

difficulties for Soviet control of
the subject peoples.
The Tip-off
The only time that the Chinese
Communists, or any other Soviet
clique, would dare risk warfare
with the United States would be
when they are tipped off, by
their agents in Washington that
zoe ,oil deliberately lose any
such lOdr.
That this occurred in Korea
is now beyond doubt. Anyone
who reads the sworn testimony
of our commanders in the Pacific
win recognize that the State De-
partment lost that war, and
thereby c hanged the face of
Asia.
You may read excerpts of this
testimony in the February IL
issue of United States Ne1oS ana
World Report. II confirms the
fact that the United States is
beng defeated by propaganda
from 1oithin and by official
policies lohich yield to that pro
pdgandd.
The Stalinist tactic of frighten-
ing us to death, and then per-
Suading us to acquiesce in our
own defeats, is already register
ing gains around Formosa.
The eyes of all Asia are on us,
and all Asia sees that we are in
retreat The effect on Japan, in
Korea, and throughout that con-
tinent cannot be favorable to us.
Meanwhile, the Chinese Com
munists will press for other re-
treats on our part, constantly
threatening us with war and
never intending to wage it.
Eventually they hope to force"
us TO agree to the complete
betrayal of Formosa, in which
the United Nations might play
part. To preuent such ca
ldmity, Americans haze an oblb-
CATION TO speak oitt IT insisting
that Washington take a strong
stand right now. ard break off
relations with Soviet Russia.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-02-18

book by James w. Prothro. This
book, better than almost any
other recent publication of its
kind, recreates the economic and
political atmosphere which pre-
vailed in the United States at
the time the Bishops Program
was issued and for decade
thereafter. DR.. Prothro calls 1t
"The Dollar Decade"-also the
title he has chosen for his Schol-
arly analysis of the business
ideas" of that ill,fated period of
false prosperity.
False Philosophy of the Twenties
The business ideas" of the
'20S - to the extent that they
are accurately summarized by DR..
Prothro - were completely at
odds with those of the Bishops
Program. The dominant philoso-
ply of that period was laissez
faire economic individualism
unrestrained in any way by gov
ernment or by the few Strug-
Cling unions which had man.
aged to come into existence
against tremendous odds. The
Bishops Program explicitly chal-
lenged this false philosophy of
economic life.
Government was called upon
to enact specific laws designed
to alleviate, if not to eradicate,
the iniustices spawned by the
philosophy of laissez faire. The
Bishops eleven proposals were
based on the opposite principle
-as expressed by Pope Leo XIII
three decades earlier - that If
any injury has been done to Ell
ther the common good or the in
terests of individual groups,
which injury cannot in any 9TH
er way be repaired or prevented,
it is necessary for public authori-
ty to intervene"
Inls was the SldfllnS point oI
the Bishops Program. The sec
ond principle and the one that
really went to the heart of the
matter was thiS-again in the
words of Leo XIII - that 1T is
within the competence Of the
rulers Of the State that, il they
benefit other groups, they also
improve in particular the condi-
ton of workers"
Too Much, Too Litfle7
At least one reviewer has sug
gested that DR.. Prothro's book
seriously distorts the picture of
the '20s. II is said to attach too
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-02-18

q. Is there any official Church
teaching on the pains of Pitr-
gatorg2
A. In 1920 the Church con-
demned the teaching of Luther
that Purgatory was taken care of
by imperfect charity and con-
sequent fear of person about
to die. The Church further
teaches that punishment (tem-
poral as opposed to eternal in
hel) is the lot of person dying
with venial sins upon his soul
or unexpiated mortal sin cal
though forgiven). In 1851 Pope
Clement VI clearly taught that
there was pain from fire for
time C'igne crucientur ad tenn
pus') in Purgatory. It is the
teaching of the Church that Pur-
gatory ends when satisfaction
has been made by the individual
and that it ends entirely at the
end of the world, yielding to the
General Judgment. st. Paul re-
fers to it when he states: "The
fire will assay the quality of
everyone's work; if his work
abides which he has built there
on, he will receive reward; if his
work burns he will lose his re-
ward, but himself will be saved,
yet so as through fire" q Corin-
thians 3:13-15)
Q. Would 1t be right for citi-
zenS to take the lao into their
ot0n hands l0hen public officials
are an league lO1th CRIMINALS,
making it impossible to obtain
justice, as in the case mentioned
an recent magazine?
A. Ordinarily not. 1t is never
permissible for a private person
to undertake the punishment of
another, especially in more Seri-
Gus matters leg. capital punish
menD. A group of private persons
seen at Its worst In a mob has
no more authority than one indi-
vidual. When a group of private
citizens judge that it is impossi-
BILE to gain. justice and the COM
mon good of the people is suffer
ing they may establish some sort
of provisional government or au-
thority in place of that which is
clearly and seriously unjust. Ap-
peals to higher branches of gov
ernment, to public opinion
through the press, etc, should
be made before any form of gov
ernment or authority is displac-
ed. Our Declaration of Indepen-
dence indicates the principles for
we are endowed by Creator
with certain unalienable Rights
-. That whenever any Form of
Government becomes destructive
of these ends, it is the Right of
the People to alter or to abolish
it, and to institute new Govern
men !"
While il is possible for an i'm
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-02-18
WASHINGTON LETTER
World Euents Shake Capitol

ers is required for the adoption
of amendments"
At the same time, the study
says, the United States must
make up its mind whether any
changes in the charter in this
vital field are desirable from our
national point of view" Would
the United States be willing,
for example, to supply armed
forces for a United Nations en-
forcement action of which we
didn't approve?" the study asks.
THAT" ii says, could be a con-
sequence of at least some of the
proposals for the elimination of
the veto. Furthermore, would
the United States be wiling to
assign enforcement functions
beyond those of a voluntary ma
ture to General Assembly in
which it has only one out of so
votes?"
The study is bound to have
considerable weight when Con-
gress gets down to discussing pro-
posed changes in the UN Char
ter. The study expresses concern
that the increases in regional de-
fense organizations may lead to
"superpower blocs" outside the
UN system. II asks if these re-
gional arrangements cannot be
tied in with the UN, and if such
a step is desirable.
II looks like decisions to
amend, or not to amend, the UN
Charter, will not come easy.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-02-18
WASHINGTON LETTER

WASHINGTON - More than
ever, ITS 4 small world" The
biggest news story here in some
time-it held the front page for
days and led reporters to seek
comment from any respon-
sible person that might talk
originated some 5000 miles
away, in Moscow. 1t was the up
heayal of the communist high
command.
At the same time, the events
that are most yitally affecting
the immediate future of the
American people-whether they
are TO have peace or war-are
unfolding some $500 miles in
the other direction, around For
moSa.
Word of the drastic change
over among kremlin leaders
reached here early in the day.
Leaders still assert that they do
not know what il means. but that
same afternoon the House of
Representatives extended the
draft law for another four years,
with only four dissenting votes.
Congress has been told that
the United Nations Security
Council has fallen largely into
diSuse insofar as enforcement is
concerned" The chief cause of
this, il is stated, is the attitudes
and policies of the Soviet I'm
ion "
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-02-18

A study made for the Senate
Committee on Foreign Relations
by a subcommittee on Enforce
ment Action under the United
Nations says nations have
sought elsewhere for means to
bulwark their individual security
in common defense against ag-
greSsion." This it is added, has
led to an enlargement of the role
of the UN General Assembly in
enforcement and to the multi
plication of regional defense or
CARNATIONS.
The United States has had a
leading part in both of these de-
velopments.
Secretary of State Dulles has
said that one of the questions
that might be brought before the
upeoming conference to review
the UN Charter is, whether the
General Assembly, where there
is no veto, should be given great
er responsibility for the main
tenance of international peace
and security
The Senate subcommittee
study says security is at the
heart of the conflict between
communist and free countries"
and for this reason 'it is in this
field that charter changes would
seem the least likely to be ac-
cepted as long as the 0rganiza-
tion contains both camps and the
unanimlty of the permanent pow
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-02-18
MONSIGNOR HIGGINS
A Challenge

much Importance to ultra-reac-
tionary statements made by cer-
tain Spokesmen for the business
community during that period.
These men, the reviewer says,
were the extremists of their day;
they were the exception rather
than the rule.
Whether or not this is true,
the opposite criticism might be
leyeled against another book,
Economics and the Art of Con-
troversy," which was also pub
lished during the week immedi-
ately preceding the recent ami.
versary of the Bishops Program.
The author of this book, John K.
Galbraith of Harvard University,
is one of the nations leading
economists and, incidentally, one
of the best literary stylists in
the economics profession.
If anything, Dir. Galbraith at
taches too little importance to
the extremists of our own gener-
alton. Take the case of The Free
man magazine as timely exam
pie. Just few days before the
anniversary of the Bishops Pro-
gram, The Freeman announced
in a long editorial that the av-
erage Republican and the aver
age Democrat - you and ], in
other words - have done more
to bring Communism mot Social
ism, but Communism) to the
United States than all the card
carrying members of the Com
munist Party put together Conn
munism, in The Freeman's die
ionary, is synonymous with gov
ernment controls - presumably
any kind of government controls
and any degree of government
Intervention in economic life,
however slight. According to this
definition, every one of the elev-
en- proposals in the Bishops Pro-
gram is Communistic.
Catholic Social Ethics
In DR.. Galbraith's opinion, this
sort of extremism is not to be
taken very seriously. The over.
whelming majority of Americans,
according to Galbraith, are in fa-
vor of collective bargaining,
price supports for farmers, and
whatever degree of government
action might be necessary TO
forestall another depression.
This. surely, is challenge to
the Catholic businessmen in the
United States, some of whom, in
few cities, have already organ
lied their own associations. AS
the number of these associations
increases, perhaps they will find
it possible to publish a periodi-
cal of their own which will eff
fectively represent the Catholic
point of view in matters of social
ethics.
We badly need at least one in
the business field, if only to let
the rest of the world know that
extremist publications like The
Freeman - which now have the
field pretty much to themselves
are not speaking for the Cath
ollie businessmen of this coun-
try.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-02-18

single d o C u
m e n t and the
m os signifi-
cant landmark
in the history
of the Catholic
social m ov e.
m e n [ in the
United States.
The week inn
mediately pre-
ceding this an
niyersary S a w
the publication
of a scholarly
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-02-18

ist China offl-
cially rejects
the idea with
scorn A mo-
ment's reflec-
tion on Stain.
ist cites,
however, W |
advise us that
this is precise
ly what could
have been ex-
pected. Ii is a
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-02-18

1t may seem puzzling that the
American Reds urge a decision
on the Formosa question in the
United Nations, while Commun-
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1955-02-18

Lincoln's Birthday was the
36th anniversary of the Bishops
Program of Social Reconstruction
perhaps the most important
Evening star., 1955-11-11
1t. Comdr. CorIey, Leader
In Contract Bridge Activities

Board Of Governors Of the Amer
ican Contract Bridge League.
Comdr. Corley was elected an
honorary lifetime member of the
league in 1910. He also held
lifetime membership in the
Washington Bridge League.
Comdr. Corley was a member
of the Naval Academy Alumni
Association, the Military Order
of the World War, the Navy
Athletic Association. the Harvard
Alumni Association. s ere d
Heart Church, and the Holy
Name Society.
He is survived by his widow.
Mrs. Marie Wilborn Corley, of
the home address, whom he mar
ried December 2, 1943, and a son,
William A. Corley, Of New York
City. the son of Comdr. Corley
and the late Anita Regina Cor
ley. who died in 1910.
Requiem mass win be said at
Sacred Heart Church, 10th street
and Park road NV, on Tuesday
at 9 am. Burial viii be in Ar
lington National Cemetery.
Evening star., 1955-11-11
Sherwood Drake,
.Gruduute of CIV

Marine 1t. Sherwood A. Drake,
"a. a graduate of George Wash
ington University. was killed
yesterday when his jet trainer
crashed near Memphis. Tenn.
He died at the Memphis Navy
Hospital five hours after the
crash. according to the Asso-
ciated Press. He suffered a
cerebral conclusion. chest In
juries and a fractured left ankle
Navy officials said 1t. Drake
was preparing to land at the
Naval Air Station when his
plane hit a tree, shearing of a
wing, and crashed on a farm
nearby. He was alone in the
plane.
1t. Drake was taking ad-
vanced fight training at the
Memphis Naval Air Station. He
went on active duty after re-
Evening star., 1955-11-11
N. /. Koufmon. 86,
Long Active Mason

Milford L. Kaufman, Sc, ar
active Mason for many years
who died November s, was
buried yesterday in Washington
National Cemetery. following
services at the Chambers fu-
neral home at SIT Eleventh
street Sc.
A life-long resident of Wash
ington. Mr.. Kaufman was tiler
of Hope Lodge No. 20, FAAM,
for IA years. He was made a
life member OF the lodge in l94S,
after receiving a gold button
commemorating so years OF
in the order.
Mrs. Kaufman. who was active
in the Eastern Star. died in la48.
Mr.. Kaufman lived at 9l2 Tenth
street NV.
He is survived by two sisters.
Evening star., 1955-11-11

OF Investigation. who died In
1850.
A native of Waseca, Mimi,
Mrs. Kefauver was a daughter
of Mrs. Mary A. Byron, now of
Fairmont. Mimi. and the late
William Byron. She was married
to Mr.. Kefauver in 1912,
She attended parochial and
grade schools in Waseca and
was graduated from the State
Teachers College at Mankato,
Minn. Subsequently. she taught
in Minnesota public schools for
seven years.
Mrs. Kefauver came to Wash
ington in 1910 and was employed
at the Census Bureau. She be-
gan work with the Foreign Ag-
ricultural Service in 1912, where
she was a statistical assistant
until retired for disability in
May, 1854.
Mrs. Kefauver was a member
of the Catholic Daughters of
America and the Chi Sigma So
rority.
Besides her mother, she is
survived by two brothers, the
Rev. Earl w. Byron, of Currie,
Mimi. and Eugene p. Byron, Of
Waseca, Mimi, and sister,
Mrs. Norman Renault. with
whom she lived ait 1873 Colum-
bia road NV.
The body is at Hines fu-
neral home, 2901 Fourteenth
street NV. Funeral services
will be held at 8 am. tomorrow
at Saint Jane Frances de
Chantal Church, Bethesda.
Burial will be at MiddletoWn,
Md. beside her husband.
Evening star., 1955-11-11
Mrs. Sayre,
'GeoIogist' 'sWife

Mrs. A. Nelson sayre, wife of
IA well-known Department of
Interior geologist and active in
both civic and social work here.
died last night at Mercy Hospital
In New Orleans. She was So.
Mrs. Sayre, former chairman
of the Community Film Council
and president of the Washing
ton Wellesley Club, suffered a
cerebral hemorrhage aboard a.
plane en- route from the District
to New Orleans Wednesday
night. She died "a hours later.
DR.. Sayre accompanied his wife
Ion the flight. He said the at
tack occurred as the plane
lneared New Orleans. The couple
was planning to attend the an
Inual convention Of the Geo.
logical Society of America in
that city.
DR.. Sayre is president of the
Commission Of the Subterranean
Water Division of the Interna-
tional Union of Geodosy and
Geophysics. The family lives at
1912 Yuma street NV.
Mrs. Sayre was well known for
her work on the film council
which was organized several
years ago to review motion pic
lures before they are exhibited
to children. She also was for
many years superintendent of
the primary department of st.
|columbia's Episcopal Church.
AS Miss May Laudenslarger,
Mrs. Sayre gave concerts and
taught music in her home in
Akron. Ohio. before her mar
|riage. She majored in music at
Wellesley College, where she
graduated.
She was chairman of the
Wellesley development fund and
past president of the Burleith
Study Group.
Besides her husband, Mrs.
Sayre is survived by their daugh-
ter. Elizabeth Sayre, a student
Iat Wellesley.