davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-14
Figures Explained in Test
Of SoIk Vaccine Results

only Of the observed area prases
in which 100000 vaccinated chill
dren were compared with a larger
number of unvaccinated children.
The vaccinated children were in
the second grade, the others
in the first and third grades;
hence the difference in age. The
attack rate of polio varied some
what by age groups.
Placebo Area Results
DR.. Francis report put greater
confidence" in the results among
children in the placebo areas.
There, 80 vaccinated children
| developed paralytic polio, as
against lis getting the dummy
shots.
The vaccine was SO per cent eff
fective in preventing paralysis
caused by type I virus, ITO per
cent effective against type II and
90 per cent effective against type
III virus.
Complicated statistical analyses
lead to the conclusion the vac
cine was about 80 to 80 per cent
effective.
In the other phase Of the study,
SO vaccinated children came
down with paralytic polio COM
pared with $50 among all those
not vaccinated. Again there were
variations in the percentage of
protectiveness against each of
the three separate types Of virus.
If you add the results in both
groups, there were II children
paralyzed out Of a total Of more
than 100000 vaccinated, and ESQ
paralyzed out Of a total of about
Ia million not vaccinated.
These figures, of course. do not
indicate the vaccine is 80 to 80
per cent effective. or anywhere
near it.
Not Used as Proofs
But Statistical Chief Voight,
on loan from the United States
Census Bureau, where Is is as
sistant chief Of the Division Of
Population and Housing, indi-
Gated these figures were not in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-14
New Polio Vaccine
BEING Perfected

CHICAGO, April IA P.-Sci-
entists at the Michael Reese Re-
search Foundation said yester-
day they may be ready within
nine months to report on new
polio vaccine.
Announcement of the effec-
tiveness of a vaccine developed
by DR.. Jonas E. Salk was made
Tuesday.
DR.. Albert Wolf, executive di-
rector of the Michael Reese
group, said the vaccine it is de-
veloping has been undergoing
tests in Morgan County. Ill. 1t
has been administered to about
800 school children there in the
last is months.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-14
LOST

chest. wearing collar with Fort Dodge
vaccine tag. answers to name Of "Se-
bastian. Would welcome any informa-
COLLIE iemsls; answers to 'Prineess" I:
Nd: reward. Lo. 5-s6iiii. us
FuRs; q, ranch mink, initials FEB.
S Ssx LABEL; around 1s,s i:3o IN satuT,
f ses.r sfsSf az s ssss an' '4'0 OF
day. am. Vicinity National Guard
e ATnG REWARD q 'sG9 s esa41 st ne ,iD
HMAS SlD1s ssa ri srss ws Contains sln:; IT.
Rg srssnds P RspsT gaa spa drivers license
IRISH TERRIER, male. wheat color:
Beverly Hills area: reward. TIE. 6-4o33.
JADE GREEN FOUNTAIN PEN with gold
band. Sheaffer: mr. corner Of 18th and
= 6 n;ys sentimental value Reward pf
NARROW TU.0J0IsE AND sILvxR
sstarda1 k.x ss.s 10 sse 74 Hiu'- iG
PARAKEET, blue with light head: an
c eSsns e ree sts gut a.Saae NC hsl'
P!AIRAKEET. sresn: male; answers to
Rsss t s1nm g9entls and has nail al
FairfaS Village Sc. Reward. cali Ma
S.6576 bet. and 8: or LU 1-Q367
after pm. Ia
PARAKEET. blue. female. about n.
R Re rG'' "a sun a.,ssl near Fort aser
PARAKEET. blue. named ''Tippy"; Easter
Sunday In Colmar Manor. uN. 4-1296.
stomach bright blue. white collar; from
644 Mass; ave. ne, Apt. IL. Reward.
PUPPY, mos. old. black, white feet:
April IT, bet. 8 and 4:30 pm: reward.
1925 Annandale I'd, JE, 2-0760. -I5
sIAMEsE KITTEN. female. blue collar
and name tag .Philamena": vic 34th
and P NV NO, 7-6191. Ia
WATCH. lady's, gold. platinum case Z
diamonds; vicinity Arlington. Alexan-
dria. between March 1928 Reward.
WATCH, Lady ElRin. platinum diamond.
vic 10th and E NV. or Pa. ave-: re-
ward: RE, 7-s340. Ext. 1859 or Ma
$3.50, Ext. 4O7. --l5
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-14
tended to be used as proofs for
thu rya At.

tended to be used as proofs for
the vaccine in this form.
Mr.. Voight said the binomial
theory was used in determining
the statistics of the study and
is a familiar system in statistical
analyses. For example, he said.
1t is used by Army ordinance
to make accurate computations
in firing artillery shells.
The statistical methods used
in the analysis of the Salk vac
cine take up ~ pages of the
Salk report.
This annex contains all the
elaborate mathematical formulas
used in relating one set of fig
ures to another to arrive at the
final percentages. The ap-
pendix contains 81 additional
pages Of figures, charts and
tables. The Salk report. amply
illustrated with more of the
same, takes up the remaining so
pages of the book.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-14

ANN ARBOR, Mich, April IA
R.-Robert B. Weight, Stats
tical chief. for the Salk vaccine
evaluation at the University of
Michigan. explained yesterday
the mathematical formulas used
in determining the effectiveness
Of the vaccine.
The official report released
Tuesday said the vaccine was
found to be 80 to 80 per cent
effective against paralytic polio.
Condensed summaries could
report only some Of the statistics
given in the highly technical
113-page report given by DR..
Thomas Francis. jr.. head of
the evaluation center.
Figures had to be combined
from separate phases Of the re-
port.
One phase was the test in
"placebo" areas: that is, areas
where some 100000 children re-
ceived actual vaccine. another
100000 got dummy shots. A sec
ond phase was the observed
areas, where about 100000 chill
dren were vaccinated and their
experience compared with what
happened to many times more
children who got no kind Of
shots at all.
Two Separate Studies
In reality, these were two sep
arate studies.
DR.. Francis said:
a.. It is not possible to select
q single value giving numerical
expression in a complete sense
to the effectiveness of vaccine in
a total experience. :" There
is, however, greater confidence
in results obtained from the
strictly controlled and almost
identical test populations Of the
placebo study areas.
a.. It may be suggested that
vaccination was 5000 per cent
effective against paralytic polio
myelitis. -
The vaccine was less effective.
1t appeared. from the analysis
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-14
Health Officials
Here Seek Light
|0n Vaccine Use
BY JOHN McKELWAY

Local health officials and doc
tors today looked for some light
in the cloudy polio picture, per-
haps to stem from a Federal
survey of the vaccine situation
ordered by President Eisenhower.
OF all the suggestions Of how
and when the vaccine should be
given, only one remained crystal
clear today and acceptable to
everyone. This was the an
nouncement by Baltimore candy
manufacturers that lollipops
would be handed out with each
shot to school children.
Locally. there is hope that
some of the many questions
bouncing around concerning the
vaccine might be stilled at a
meeting of area health officials
set for 1880 o'clock this after
noon at the District Health De-
partment. The agenda includes
the tricky question of how to
space the shots and how pri-
vate physicians are to use the
vaccine.
DR.. Jonas Salk. vaccine devel-
oper, has been reported as saying
there ought to be some central
intelligence" that. could specify,
or at least recommend. some
overall program of vaccination.
Wagner Urges Rationing
Last night. New York Mayor
Robert F. Wagner urged the
White House to set up a ration
ing system for the vaccine. He
wired President Eisenhower:
"As Mayor of New York, I
urgently request the establish
ment Of Federal supervisory allo-
cations Of Salk vaccine similar to
those set up in the early days Of
penicillin and gamma globulin. "
Gamma globulin, a predecessor
Of the Salk vaccine in fighting
polio, was voluntarily rationed
through the Office of Defense
Mobilization.
The change in dosage is one
Of the main centers Of confu-
sion. Vaccine manufacturers, it
is rumored, put up a sort of
three-Shot package on the as
sumption the vaccine would be
given as it was last year-within
a five-week period.
But DR.. Salk is saying the vac
cine would be more effective if
the last shot is given seven
months after the second. If his
suggestion is followed, it might
mean that manufacturers would
have to repackage the vaccine as
a two-shot dose causing added
delay in initial shipment.
Foundation Silent
Meanwhile, the National Polio
Foundation remained quiet on
the subject.
President Basil O'Connor, &C
cording to the Associated Press,
said there has not been time vet
for a full exploration of DR..
Salk'S recommendation.
Despite the dosage confusion,
the school programs In the area
are at least mechanically ready
to proceed with the first shot
anyway. First and second graders
IN most areas. are to receive the
shots. free Of charge.
The surrounding counties Of
Montgomery, Prince Georges,
Fairfax. Arlington and the city
OF Alexandria are prepared to
begin inoculations this Monday.
The District is set up to start
April 26.
Physicians have volunteered
throughout the Washington area
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-14
Ferrer and Wife
Siqned for Film

HOLLYWOOD. April ID Dr.
Mel Ferrer has been signed tc
co-star with his wife. Audrey
Hepburn, in an Italian film pro-
duction Of Tolstoi's 'War and
Peace"
Mr.. Ferrer and Miss Hepburn
are now mentioning at st. Mo-
ritz, Switzerland.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-14

POLIO

POLIO .
Continued From First Page
the full needs Of all Of our citi-
Gems this year." said the Senator.
He added that DR.. salk and
the manufacturers have indi-
Gated they would welcome a sys-
tenn that would insure the most
efficient and equitable distribu-
ton and prevent q black market.
Since findings on the effec-
tiveness Of the paralysis preven-
tive have been widely published.
the plan to distribute data
worldwide announced last night
at the direction of President Els
enhower appeared to be aimed
at showing this country's hui
manitarian feelings.
There was no plan to send any
Of the vaccine itself abroad. al
though Secretary Of State Dulles
announced he would explore the
possibilities with other Govern
ment officials.
The Commerce Department
yesterday clamped an export
embargo on the product and Of
ficials held no hope that supplies
would be large enough to permit
sending any abroad before 1857.
Report Goes to IS Nations
The State Department said
Mr.. Dulles planned to send copies
of Tuesdays report giving a ia
vorable appraisal of the Salk
vaccine to the rs American mis-
sions abroad.
These missions include en-
bassies in Poland and Russia,
which presumably would furnish
copies to Communist nations like
Red China, which this country
does not recognize.
There is no immediate word
on whether this country would
provide technical aid to countries
which lack the facilities for de-
veloping the vaccine.
Mr.. Dulles said the report on
last summers tests is being sent
to countries around the world
so that they may have the benefit
of this humanitarian research
project as well as the informa-
ton on the Salk formula ITSELF"
Several members Of Congress,
besides Senator Morse, advo-
Gated action by the Government
to assure that supplies of the
vaccine will be used to best adj
vantage in this country. Esti-
mates are that domestic needs
will not be fully met before next
year.
Senator Hill, Democrat, Of Ala
ban1a suggested that the White
House cali a conference to choke
off any "black market" which
might spring up.
Representative Priest, Demo-
crat, of Tennessee. chairman Of
the House Commerce Committee,
which would handle any alloca-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-14
IRON LUNG TRADE
TO DIP, TRUCKER
HAPPILY REPORTS

CAMBRIDGE. Mass. R.
Henry F. Owens has hap
PLY announced he expects q
slump In his business.
He operates a trucking
firm which specializes In
moving polio victims in iron
lungs.
Mr.. Owens said last night
he hopes the widespread use
of Salk vaccine against polio
wipes out the need for iron
lungs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-14

tions legislation, said today he
sees no need for action now.
Favors Delay in Action
Mr.. Priest said in an interview
he has conferred with the sur
geon general and other officials
land it's my judgment that at
the present time there's no need
for setting UP legislation for a
Federal ALLEGATION program"
Mr.. Priest added, however,
that his committee is "ready at
any time" to take up the matter
If it seems warranted.
In Chicago yesterday SO chill
dren received Salk vaccine shots
in the Illinois Protestant Chill
dren's Home In one of the first
mass inoculations. The children
range in age from ~ to Is
years.
Also in Chicago yesterday DR..
Joseph r. Guttman, So, offered
to inoculate the several hundred
pupils at one elementary school
without charge. DR.. Guttman
urged all Chicago physicians to
join the fight against polio and
forget their concept Of fees"
Black Market Threat
The American Druggist Maya
zine, In its April II issue. says
the low-supply- high demand fac
tor connected with the Salk
vaccine sis the kind that can
lead to black market operations"
At Newport News, Va, yes
terday the 85-member Warwick
Newport News Medical Society
agreed on a maximum of $11 for
the three Salk vaccine shots
with priority to expectant moth
ers and children up to age 10.
In Rome. Italy, government
officials said last night that Ital-
ian scientists soon will be pro-
ducing q vaccine against polio.
In the meantime, an Italian
government spokesman said, 1t
hopes to get some Salk vaccine
from firms in America.
In Paris yesterday, Bernard
LaFay, French Minister of Pub
lie Health. said he would ask
the United States Government
to send enough Salk vaccine to
guard against any possible cpl
demic. Mr.. LaFay said q sim
liar French-produced vaccine
would not be ready for some
time. ss
Britain Plans Tests
Britain has received a small
quantity Of the Salk vaccine and
will use it experimentally on a
few groups of children, the Brit
ish Medical Research Council
announced in London.
"The tests win have to be lin
tied in scope. but they will be
intensive" q council spokesman
said.
I'VE must bear in mind that
the virus in America may differ
slightly from the virus with
which we have to contend here,
so findings here may differ from
those in America, and might call
for altered procedures" he added.
Switgerland's Health Depart
ment today summoned Switzer-
lands leading polio experts to a
conference next week on possible
mass use In Switzerland Of the
Salk vaccine.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1955-08-12
School Calendar Helps
Teachers Understand
Three Leading Faiths

A special calendar that helps
school officials and teachers give
their classes a better understand
ing of the three leading faiths has
just been published by the Amer
lean Jewish Committee.
Adapted for the school year be-
ginning next month, the calendar
carries brief explanations of the
"a molly days observed by Protest
ant, Catholics or Jews from Sep
TENDER 1855 through August 1856.
The calendar also marks legal
holidays recognized by the Fed
eral Government, days of patriotic
observances, and special days such
as Bill Of Rights Day on Septem-
Der Is and United Nations Day on
October "a.
The calendar enables teachers
to schedule examinations. regis
trations. assemblies and other
school functions without conflict
ing with religious observances.
Copies of the unique calendar
may be secured from the Ameri-
can Jewish Committee, 1856 Four
tn Avenue, New York 16, N. Y.
at 10 cents each.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1955-08-12
latest results in the World Series.

latest results in the World Series.
Unfortunately, this correspond
ent missed the opportunity to
interview Robert Cohen, who had
just departed for johannesburg,
South Africa, where he is slated
to meet South African champ,
Willie Towel in bantamweight
title bout.
Preliminary speculation a n d
comment on this forthcoming
fight. to be held Sept. 8. indicates
that this will be a crucial bout in
Cohen's career. Towel is regard
ed as a favorite in johannesburg.
For example. the boxing writer
for the johannesburg Star picks
Towel over Cohen.
This might be expected, since
in South Africa, there would be a
natural hope that a South Afri-
can fighter would win the BAN
tamweight title. But Cohen can't
be written eff SO quickly by
predictions.
Interest is very high at present
and is expected to continue that
way through the fight. II is diff
cult to get an accurate estimate of
what the final attendance will be.
but premilinarY reports indicate
that there may be a record crowd
of $4,000 jamming Rand Stadium
in Johannesburg on the night of
September 3rd.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1955-08-12

Cohen, who is recognized here
as the worlds champion fighter
in the bantamweight division, is
at the moment the most promi-
nent Jewish athlete in France. But
there is also a different opinion
here concerning the status of
Cohen than from that in the Uni
ted States. In the States, Cohen
is not recognized officially as the
worlds champion in his class.
Recent ratings put him in second
position and regarded him as the
most likely challenger for the
title.
This fact is not unique in the
case of Cohen. II frequently hap
pens that different nations dis
agree on who is the legitimate
title holder. Such differences stem
from varied interpretations of the
rules. and also from opposing ma
tionaI points of view. Here. Rob-
ert Cohen is the baniamweight
champion. and that is that.
He got to this point as result
of a sensational career of success
full bouts. AS his reputation grew,
he commanded more and more in
terest among the fans and his
bouts have been known to draw
huge crowds.
Boxing is an extremely popular
sport here. The last time this cor
respondent was in France was
when Marcel Cerdan. later killed
in a tragic air accident that sad
dened the whole country. was a
top French hero. The French
rival Americans when it comes to
interest in sports events. For ex-
ample. the way the people could
be seen crowding around radios
to get the results of the recent
Tour de France. the sensational
bicycle race that circles the en-
tire country. could be hkened to
the way Americans crowd around
radios and TV sets to get the
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1955-08-12
"Kostner Case" Re-Opened
In Tel Aviv; Transferred
To Jerusalem Court

TEL AVN, (JTA) = The ''Kast-
ner Case" which caused the reor-
ganization of the Israel Govern
ment barely a month before the
recent elections was reopened in
Magistrates Court here, but was
Immediately postponed and trans
ferred to the Magistrates Court in
Jerusalem on legal technicality.
The second phase of this case
resulted from civil action in
which Malkiel Gruenwald, who
was cleared of libel charges after
a year-long trial, charged that the
principal witness against him, DR..
Israel Kastner, had committed
perjury during the earlier trial.
The transfer to the Jerusalem
court was ordered by the Tel Aviv
magistrate because Mr.. Gruen-
wald alleges that the perjury took
place in the District Court in
Jerusalem.
Mr.. Gruenwald was prosecuted
by the Attorney General who
charged that Gruenwald had lied
in a pamphlet accusing DR.. Kast-
ner, former head of the Jewish
Rescue Committee in Nazi-occu-
pied Hungary, of collaboration
with the Gestapo. Since DR.. Kast-
ner was at the time of the alleged
SANDER a government employee,
the state prosecuted the case and
DR.. Kastners role was that of
witness. The District Court held
that Mr.. Gruenwald had substan-
TALLY proved his charges against
DR.. Kastner.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1955-08-12

STAN JENKINS
AZ Dunnemann Ave.
Charleston. S. C..

N3SNON - AOOO
Editor,
Southern Jewish Weekly
P. 0. Box $3.50
Jacksonville, Florida
Dear Mr.. Moscovitz:
/ want to thank you very much
for the fine publicity you gave
us. in your July 29th issue of the
Southern Jewish Weekly of our
A. z. A. election of officers. In
closed is an article on our forth
coming annual Sweetheart Dance
and Weekend, and the pictures of
the candidates for sweetheart.
would appreciate your publish
ing them in your next issue and
I hope that the pictures will be
returned to me.
Thanking you in advance for
your splendid cooperation, I re-
main
Sincerely yours,
Stan Jenkins
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1955-08-12

"He who laughs last" COM
ments Jerry Lewis, usually has
a front tooth out"
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1955-08-12
JEWS IN
SPORTS
BY BILL WOLF
Copyright. 1855, Jewish Telegraphic
Agency, Incl

In France country which great sports.
Robert Cohen holds
as Jewish sports fans concerned.
Evening star., 1955-02-15
Boy Dies With Brother
He Tries 10 Save in Fire
By the Associoted Press

PORT MONMOUTH, N. J..
Feb. 15.-A 15-year-old boy per-
ished last night with younger
brother he pulled out of their
blazing home after rousing the
mother and three other chill
dren.
James McFaydn, IS, was pro-
nounced dead of burns and
smoke poisoning after he COL
lapsed outside the seven-room
bungalow. His brother Dennis,
IL, was pronounced dead after
first aid squad members were
unable to revive both young
sters.
The mother, Mrs. Margaret
McFadyn, aroused by James,
took the other three children
to a canopy shed, and helped
them to safety on the ground.
Mrs. Mary Naughton, a neigh
bor, said, James could have
saved himself, but he went
downstairs to try to save Dennis
in the bathroom. 1t was an in
ferno downstairs"
Evening star., 1955-02-15
) Youths Accused
OF Fleeing Store

Three 20-year-old youths are
being held on charges of work
ing a forged sales slip racket or
a downtown department store tc
gain S1,400 in cash refunds over
the past three months. +,
Held in $1,000 each on forgery
charges are Aria Cal!andrio OF
the 1000 block of North Vermont
street. Arlington: Gilbert H
Crabbe of the 4100 block of Four
teenth street NV, and William
T. Smith of the 1900 block OF
1ngleside terrace NV.
Special Investigator DAVID
Higgins and Detective Sergc
karle Howe said a total of sc
complaints are being prepared
many for presentation to the
grand jury.
The policeman said the racket
involved the theft of duplicate
sales slips. and subsequent for
gerry Of names of customers in
the purchase of goods which
later were returned for cash re-
funds. Victim of the racket was
woodward & Lothrop's Wash
ington store.
Store detectives broke the case
last Friday with the arrest OF
Crabbe VINO was purchasing a
$3.50 handbag, ccarding to po-
lice. Police said he was forging
the name of regular customer.
Evening star., 1955-02-15
BY the Asseciaied Press

DALLAS. Tex, Feb. 15.-An
old-school orator who likes Ike.
Representative Joe Martin. Re-
publican. of Massachusetts,. made
a big hit with some TOO Repub-
licans and a liberal sprinkling
of former Democrats in Dallas
last night.
Mr.. Martin spoke at a $780,
a-plate Lincoln Day fund-rais-
ing dinner and started building
up the crowds enthusiasm with
a subject dear to the heart of
Texans:
Texas and Texans.
Hopes For 2-Party State.
With exuberance that in
creased nearly every minute of
the Commute speech. the crowd
broke into his talk at least 20
times as he praised Texas, Texas
Republicans, the Republican
program and President Eisen-
mower.
mo man, I am sure, could in
one evening talk about all of
the wonderful things have seen
in this great State" the House
minority leader told the worked
up crowd. From that point on.
he had full attention.
He said it was his belief Mr..
Eisenhower would run for re-
election and win easily with a
bigger majority than ever" the
Congress would again be Repub-
lican, and that the G. o. P. would
carry the South.
He complimented Republican