davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-20
Turkey Has Come Long Way in 80 Years

dissolved over the violent protest
of the Republicans who interpreted
this step as dangerous sign Of
authoritarianism. Shortly afterward
the Republican National Party was
founded on the ashes of the Nation
Party. Its platform demanded con-
stitutional guarantees of religious
and civil rights, but was at pains
stating devotion to Kemal's program
Of dissemination.
In December, 1858, the govern
ment confiscated all fixed assets
and property of the Republican
Party, on the grounds that they had
been illegally acquired during the
party's long reign. On March 8. 1854.
stringent press laws were passed
which forbade the publication of
harmful" i.e., critical, material.
Several editors of the opposition
papers were jailed. Opposition party
leaders were no longer allowed to
broadcast, although the Democrats
continued to explain" their policy
over the radio.
In May. 1854, the Democrats were
reelected by great majority. They
won SOB seats. the Republicans 81,
and the Republican Nationals 5.
The tyrannical trend has continued,
SO has the fight of the opposition
parties against curtailment of polit-
ical and civil rights.
All parties indorse Fundamentally
Turkeys alignment with the West,
In the two centuries, Turkey has
fought a dozen wars with Russia.
History, geography, economics de-
termine her foreign policy, not
theology. Turks are Russian,
not apti-Soviet.
Arms Budget
Turkey needs peace and security
to carry out her ambitious economic
program, and she is willing to pay
high price for 1t. Over 40 per cent
OF her budget goes for defense.
America has spent over one billion
dollars in arming this valuable ally.
Six years ago, the Turkish Army
was equipped with weapons from
World War I, had neither tanks nor
artillery. Today there are 16 in
fantry divisions. three cavalry divi-
sions, six armored brigades and four
air groups. About soc, 900 well dis
ciplined men are under arms. Only
invalids are exempt from military
service.
A net of jet airbases is spread
across the country. The Middle
East's biggest bomber base is situ-
ated near Adana with 14.000-foot
runway and three huge hangers, to
accommodate three bomber groups.
Four airbases are near the Russian
border. just few fight hours away
from Soviet key industrial targets.
More airbases will be built through
out the country and pipelines will
be laid to carry fuel directly to hem.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-20
try. but today there is only a 3O-day

try. but today there is only 30-day
supply.
Coffee futures bought and sold
by New York middlemen indicate a
continued sharp dip in prices even
into July.
Meanwhile, the coffee trees plant
ed in the early SOS are coming into
production Barring natural dis
asters, coffee growers are in for an
other toboggan ride.
Whot to Do?
Producing countries are far from
happy about their boom-and- bust
economies.
Brazil has tried artificial price
cutting and export subsidies, but to
little avail.
Most American coffee countries
believe that it will take at least a
hemisphere-wide agreement to sta
billie production and consumption.
Several Latin American conferences
have sought a workable system of
controls, but have had no luck.
These are three principal diff
culties:
Q Latin American countries have
trouble agreeing among themselves
on quotas.
. Even II they could agree they
are afraid outside producers
Africans, flor instance-would come
heavily into the market to upset
the balance.
. To make any program effective
the United States in some way
would have to guarantee q certain
level of consumption or else support
prices.
SO far this country has declined
to accept the burden.
Latin Americans have not given
up hope. however. They believe
they have one excellent argument
for Uncle Sam. They point out
that coffee is the major export
product Of several countries. The
exports earn them dollars, and with
those dollars they buy goods in the
United States.
II income from coffee drops, then
their purchases here promptly drop
to the same degree. So, they argue,
it is to Americas own interest as
an exporting nation to help keep
the coffee countries healthy.
Americans seem to be interested
in the price Of coffee only when it
goes UP, however. so the Latins
haven't gotten 70 first base.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-20
By Moreorito Dobert


still see implanted mud houses
thatched with straw which are
shared by people and animals. You
see tractors beside wooden ploughs,
jeeps beside camels, donkeys beside
Rolls Royces. You see buffaloes
driving a shaft around and around
to bring up water from well, not
far from irrigated fields.
When the Turkish Republic was
established, almost all industrial en-
terprises were in foreign hands.
Renal wanted to westerniZe Turkey,
but he was insistent on having it
done by Turks. He instituted sort
of state socialism, not because of
theological leanings, but because he
saw this as the only way to indus
trialize backward country where
private capital was practically nom
existent.
In time, this proved too rigid a
system. The swing away from
"statism" began in 1851, a year after
the opposition Democratic Party had
come into power. Certain industries
were defined where private enter
prise was promised free scope with
out government interference or
competition. Legislation passed in
1854 encouraged foreign investors
through favorable taxation and by
allowing them to withdraw their
profits from the country.
The Democratic Party's demand
for private enterprise. for a soften
ing of Kemal's rigid principles, were
probably the reason FOR its surpris-
ing victory in 1850. Renal had
reigned with a paternal. but strict
authority. There had been one party
only. the Republican Party. He felt,
that after nine centuries of autoc-
racy, it would take some time before
the Turks were ready for true
democracy.
An opposition party was allowed
to form under his successor, Ismet
Inonu. Deputy Bayar. today Turkeys
President. resigned from the Re-
publican Party and. with three other
deputies, formed the Democratic
Party in 1916. 1t won landslide in
the 1850 election, carrying 408 seats,
as against SO for the Republicans.
After 81 years rule. the govern
ment changed without violence,
treachery or corruption.
There are some underground rum
blings OF discomfort. The religious
elements in the country have never
reconciled themselves to living IN a
secular Moslem state. They want to
restore the Islamic spirit to public
life.
Mosiem Porty
The ultraconservatives formed a
second opposition party, the Nation
Party. The Democrats accused them
Of making political capital out Of
their religious faith. The party WA
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-20

visers with experience in supplying
beleaguered spots like the Anzio
beachhead of World War II would
be available to Chang. The Ma
tionalists could use submarines, fast
night crossings of the Formosa
Straits. air drops and PIT boat To-
rays to get supplies to Matsu.
Does Peiping plan more eonven-
tionoI, unsupported omphibious
assault to toke Motsu?
If so, the attack is several weeks
away. The Reds airbase and am
phibious-force buildup would take
at least that long to complete.
Neither the Red nor Nationalist
air forces have been tested widely
enough to know how they would
perform once the battle was Joined.
Chiang's air force, in past encoun-
tiers. has not been eager to mix IL
up at close range. Bombers prefer
to operate at 10000 to $4,000 feet.
much too high for any kind Of ac-
curacy. Fighter pilots used to strafe
from 5000 feet. The Red Chinese
apparently have been shaken down
some by experience in Korea.
There is also some suspicion OF
Communist Chinese overconfidence
In amphibious operations.
They have had only two combat
experiences in water-borne warfare.
first, when they crossed the YangtZe
to take Marking during the civil
war, and later when they took Hal
nan Island off the South China
coast.
The Hainan operation was the
closest thing to full-bloWn am
phibious operation. The Reds had
Is miles of water to cross. But the
main reason they succeeded was that
Chang decided, possibly with a little
American prodding, that Hainan
was too far off to be supplied con-
veniently.
When these two largely INFESTED
Chinese forces clash, then, no one
knows what will happen.
How will President Eisenhower reoet
to Red Chinese moves in the
Motsu area?
If the Communists try blockade
the President may find it difficult
to intervene even if he is anxious to
avoid a psychological defeat. If an
amphibious assault is made Mr..
Eisenhower probably would wait out
the first phase of the battle to see
how the two sides stack up.
Either of two conditions would
call for American intervention.
First. the Reds might attack Ma
tionalist- American airbaSes on For
mosa. Presumably the Communists
have hot pursuit orders of thsir
own. Chang is not likely to have
a privileged sanctuary on Formosa.
The United States almost certainly
would have to help defend Formosa
from Red bombing attacks. with
both land and carrier based planes.
Second. the Communists might
get the upper hand in the battle for
Matsu. If the President decides. as
Secretary Dulles apparently expects
him to, that loss of Matsu would be
too big psychological defeat to &C
cept, a Nationalist weakening would
be the signal for the 7th Fleet air
arm and the land-based American
planes to step in.
There is considerable doubt, how
ever, whether the Nationalist and
American forces combined would be
enough to beat the Chinese Com
munists' numerically superior forces
in conventional warfare.
The administration probably for
this reason, is busily laying the
groundwork for using atomic wea-
pons If conventional defenses fail.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-20

size of the fund, once established.
CAV for the auto industry is q
tough question-and Mr.. Reuther
knows it. His future in the labor
movement well may be affected by
the outcome of GAW negotiations.
I'VE are not irrevocably committed
to our specific proposal" he said
recently. I'VE are irrevocably COM
mitted to the principle that the
workers in our industry are morally
and economically entitled to a year.
round wage. And there is no rea-
son on earth that this issue cannot
be settled nationally and peacefully
if management comes to the bar
gaining table in April prepared to
discuss, not whether, but how"
Mr. Reuther says the auto workers
will resort to an about strike if
necessary. A $25 million strike fund
is in the making.
Ford's Worning
The contemplative silence of the
auto makers was broken once by
Henry Ford II who warned his work.
ers not to be deceived by seductive
promises of security" Such employer
organizations as the National Asso-
citation of Manufacturers and the
United States Chamber Of Commerce
have termed CAV visionary, too
costly and tending to hamstring
business
Bargaining on CAV and other
union demands higher wages,
higher pensions-begins next month.
The JAWS f1ve-year contracts ex-
pire with General Motors on May
j 81 and with Ford on June /. Chrys-
ler's contract runs out August 81.
The idea of GAW in the automo-
tive field grew out of the Govern
ment'S 16-year-old unemployment
compensation system. Under this,
employers contribute through pay
roll tax to reserve funds from which
eligible workers receive jobless bene-
fits.
During 1854 such unemployed per-
sons received nearly 50 billion. Pay
ments ranged from low Of So q
week in Mississippi to high of $40
in Alaska. They averaged about $25
a week, about third Of the average
factory wage.
Unions say this is far too low.
Having failed generally to induce
State legislatures to increase the
amount and duration of unemploy-
ment benefits to the desired levels,
labor is seeking to do the job at the
negotiation table. And that is where
CAV enters the picture.
This, in short, is repetition of the
pension pattern. When labor des-
paired of getting Congress to in
crease social security retirement
provisions, 1t turned to employers.
The auto workers won the first pen
sion plan from Ford in 1949, thus
setting the pattern for both the steel
and auto industries.
Whot Is 1t?
Some economists say that what
labor leaders call CAV actually is
supplementary unemployment COM
pensation.
Whatever you choose to call it,
here are the two basic concepts in
volved in the guaranteed annual
wage as proposed by Walter Reuther:
/. A worker would have call i'm
protection. That is, once he started
weeks work, he'd get full weeks
regular pay-even if 1t turned out
he was needed for only day or two
of that week.
z. Once a worker with seniority
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-20

to drop even farther. Demand is
expected to remain low for three
reasons. First, high prices changed
drinking habits of many Americans
(and we drink almost two-thirds of
the worlds Coffee: second, soluble
coffee is becoming more popular
(about rs per cent of all coffee sold
Is soluble. compared with about 8
per cent in 194D. and the average
person can get more mileage out of
a pound Of beans in soluble than in
ground>form; and. third. coffee buy
ers are holding down their purchases
in anticipation of even lower prices
(normally there is a so to 80 day
reserve supply of coffee in this coun-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-20

became unemployed, he'd get sub
stantially his regular weekly earn
ings for as long as full year after
being laid of.
The second point has stirred the
most controversy.
The JAW proposes that weekly
jobless payments under GAW should
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-20

be sufficient to enable workers to
maintain the same living standards
as when fully employed" Apparently
the union has in mind something
less than regular pay since an I'M
employed worker would be freed Of
such expenses as committing.
What percentage Of regular pay
Evening star., 1955-06-07
NATIONAL.
Results Yesterday

Bklyn., 5; st. L., 4
Milw., 5; Phils., ..
Phil, 4: Milw.. :,
tCompletion Of JUNE
) Susp. game.
(Only games sched'
uled.1
Games Today
Cine. at Bklyn. (nl
Milw. at N. Y. tn). .
st. L. at Phila. tn.l
Chi. at Pitts. (n.l
Games Tomorrow
Milw. at N. Y.
Cine. at Rklyn. I'M
81. l.. at Phila. tn).
Chi. at Pitts (n).
Evening star., 1955-06-07
Injured FuIIbuck
At Walter Reed

Allen (BulD Felch. %, rated
as a probable mainstay of the
University of Kentucky football
backf1eld up to the time of a
swimming accident Sunday, was
still on the seriously i'll list at
Walter Reed Hospital today.
The hospital released no fur
ther information, but Felch's
wife. in reporting the accident
to Kentucky officials, said his
neck was broken and he was
partially paralyzed. He was
flown to Washington from Au-
gusta, Ga, where the accident
occurred. Mrs. Felch said surgery
was planned.
Felch, an Army corporal, had
expected his discharge Thursday.
AS a sophomore fullback in 1852
he was Kentucky's leading
ground gamer with an average
of 4.8 yards per carry.
Evening star., 1955-06-07
PASCUAL FACE AS
Vernon's Surge Makes
The Years Fall Away

Shantz due to work tonight, and
in a park where left-handed hit
ters get all the worst Of it. Chuck
figures Mickey will profit by sit
ting out game.
This is the park, remember,
where both Ed Fitzgerald and
Jim Busby. not noted for muscu-
lar activity, slammed a pair of
successive home runs on the
Senators last visit. Any well-hit
drive to leftfield is a threat to
clear the convenient wall.
With that in mind, Dresser
says he'll use Roy Sievers at
first base in one of the games
and dispatch Carlos Paula to the
outfield as a replacement fol
Ernie Oravetz. Ernie is a .3l5
hitter who swings from both
sides of the plate. but Dresser
fancies him only as a lefthand.
ed batter and would prefer tc
play fellows with more potential
power in parks with short fences
Maury McDerm o tt, who
whipped the Indians on three
hits Friday night, then pitched
briefly in relief Sunday. will
start again tonight in quest OF
his fifth win. Camilo Pascual, a
distinct disappointment as a re-
lief pitcher, will work the other
game.
Evening star., 1955-06-07
THREE TO BATTLE FOR NO I JOB
Redskin Quorterbocks
Start Weeks Sessions

made his decision in April, has
turned his back on pro football
for keeps, he said today.
Although he had a rough
career with a losing team, Scar
bath said he left with no re-
grets. An automobile salesman
during the off-season, Jack said
he found it tough to be on a
losing team after playing for a
college squad that lost only three
games in four years, but that he
learned a lot" from the expert
ence.
He'll be pulling for the Red
skins to win, Scarbath said, ever
though he plans to move to Bal
timore by September l. when
he takes up his new duties as a
public relations executive with a
construction flrm.
Competition among the three
other quarterbacks will be keen
and the new stuff cooked up by
IKuharich and his aides will re-
Iquire an alert field general who
can run the ball as well as throw
Kuharich previously had said he
might use Dorow or Guglielmi or
defense, but for the time being
he'll concentrate on offense.
Evening star., 1955-06-07
1t May Be Up to Nonce's Lad
To Push Nashua in Belmont

Belair stud ace seems to run only
fast enough to win.
On the other hand, Nashua
indicated he is building up an
other full head of steam py
working a mile and three-eighths
yesterday in 2:19ss, continuing
the full Belmont distance in
2:33as. eased up. The workout,
with Jockey Eddie Arcaro up, was
good enough to scare off any out
siders with notions of catching
Trainer Sunny Jim Fitzsimmons
mapping.
With Mrs. Jan Burke's Dedi-
See BELMONT, Page c.
Evening star., 1955-06-07
BY BURTON HAWKINS
Star stan Correspondent

KANSAS CITY, June T.
Mickey Vernon, at 81, was sup
posed to be tottering through
his last baseball season this year,
but the well-worn and we'll
wearing first-baseman is far
from finished.
Manager Chuck Dresser plans
to rest Vernon in one game to-
night, when the Senators clash
with. the Athletics in a twi-
night double-header booked aft
er last nights engagement was
washed out, but it's a precau-
tionary measure rather than an
enforced vacation.
After hitting 100 in 13 pre-
vious games, Vernon broke loose
against Cleveland to hit .643 in
four games. He has lifted his
season batting mark to .314 to
rank fourth among the leagues
regulars and in any productive
game could take over the leagues
runs-batted-in leadership.
Mickey can't run the bases
with his former sprightliness and
admits it, but there's nothing
wrong with the sweet batting
stroke that brought him two
American League champion
ships.
AS a sample of what he has
meant to the struggling Senators
this season, Mickey has batted
in or scored at least one run in
Is of their 20 victories. There
have been numerous lost causes,
too. in which he has performed
admirably only to receive scant
support.
It was DreSsen's preseason
plan to play Vernon in only one
game of double-headers. but thus
far he has appeared full time in
five of six twin bills. The Sem
ators generally haven't hit
enough to warrant yanking
Mickey, and Dresser has been
forced to gamble that the over
time employment won't take its
toll later.
Mickey Stacked off badly in the
waning weeks of the 1854 cam
paign and Dresser decided to
spare him when possible to
avoid a recurrence. With left
Alex Kellner and Bobby
Evening star., 1955-06-07
Yankees Far Ahead
Of Rivals in Homers
Bombers' Love
Of Detroit Park
Puffs Up TotoI
BY the Associated Press

If the Yankees played their
home games in Briggs Stadium
they'd probably never lose the
pennant. There's something
about the pleasant surroundings
of the Detroit ball park which
brings out the best in Manager
Casey Stengel's Bombers.
Casey will tell you that his
athletes would rather take their
cuts in Briggs Stadium than eat.
Just look at what happened
yesterday. The Yankees crashed
five home runs-including a
Itape-meaSure job by Mickey
IMantle-while overpowering the
Tigers, 7-5, handing. Billy Hoeft
his third loss in eight decisions.
The outburst gave them SO
home runs for the season-most
in the league-and stretched
their first-place margin over idle
Cleveland to four and one-half
games.
Eddie Robinson hit pair Of
Itwo-run homers yesterday, while
Billy Hunter and Gil McDougald
Ichipped in with solo shots.
Another Big One for Mantle
But the big one was Mantle's.
The young slugger, leading of
in the ninth, slammed a pitch
Iby Bob Miller over the CENTER
field screen, just to the right OF
the 440-foot sign.
In the past Charlie Keller, Joe
DiMaggio and Chet Laabs also
hit homers in the general sector
of centerf1eld in Briggs Sta
dium, but veteran observers
agreed that none had hit any
farther to direct center than
Mantle.
It was Mantle's second tape
measure home run in two days.
by the way. In the second game
of Sundays double-header in
Chicago, he slammed a ball over
the leftfield roof of Comiskey
Park. Historians said only jim
my FoXx and AL Simmons had
been able to do it before.
AS a team, the Yankees have
See BASEBALL, Page ca
Evening star., 1955-06-07

Poee C-3
films of some of last years games
with Kuharich and Assistants
Dick Evans and Joe Tereshinski
yesterday. Ralph Guglielmi ar
rived later in the afternoon and
Jack Scarbath announced his re-
tirement from pro football.
Scarbath's move was no sur
prise to Kuharich, although he
withheld the. announcement un-
til the eleventh hour in case the
former Maryland star changed
his mind. But Scarbath, who
Evening star., 1955-06-07

NEW YORK, June 7 (P.-
Maryland-owned Nance's Lad,
coming off his big victory in the
Peter Pan Handicap. now looks
ike Nashua's most serious chal-
enger in Saturdays 100000
Belmont Stakes as the field
iwindled for the 87th running
If the mile and one-half windup
# the Triple Crown series.
The colts triumph in a near
ecord 1:482s for the mile and
'ne-eighth indicated he is at
lis peak and might give Nashua
'nough competition to make it a
iorse race, especially since the