davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-05-16

There is only a thin veneer
of optimism in Washington
official circles concerning the
chances for real Improvement
in the international situation.
Responsible officials in the
executive and legislative
branches do not see any genu-
inc signs that "spring may be
coming soon." Here is a
sketchy survey of views ex-
pressed in off ff-the-record talks:
The treaty which makes
Austria free again is only a
modest accomplishment which
basically cannot affect the cold
war. The Russians held it up
until the so-called Eastern
NATO became an accomplished
fact. This new Soviet gim-
mick will permit the Russians
who are always punctilious
about protocols and formali-
ties-to transfer their occupa-
ton forces from Austria to
Hungary and Czechoslovakia
on the borders of newly freed
Austria.
Oficial crystal gazers see an
uncertain future for Austria.
That country, which less than
40 years ago was the heart OF
a large and powerful European
Empire, has shrunk to a small
state of some 6 million people,
with one-third centered in the
capital of Vienna. The little
republics boundaries adjoin
two satellite states. Czechoslo-
vakia and Hungary. and the
unsympathetic Communist re-
public Of Yugoslavia.
Aust ria's Communist
neighbors are Switzerland and
Bavaria, neither of which
could lift a finger if "some-
thing happened to Austria.
And that something" could
well be a Communist move
ment from within. Supported
by the "cells" the Russians
are leaving behind, it would
be aimed at establishing a gov
ernment like the bordering So
Wet satellites.
The guarantees" contained
in the Big -Four treaty apply
only to protection from out
side aggression and do not
concern any political moves
within the newly liberated
state. There were such occur
rences a few years ago in
Hungary and Czechoslovakia
after they had regained their
independence from the Nazi
empire which we had de-
stroyed. And as in the case OF
those satellites, the Western
world could do nothing more
than protest the gobbling UP
of another free state by the
Communists.
These may be unpleasant
and pessimistic thoughts be-
fore the ink of the new treaty
has dried. But they exist in
the minds of Washington Of
ficialdom. Continued freedom
of the Austrians depends en-
tirely on the sincerity Of the
men in the Kremlin. And they
have done nothing so far by
actual deeds to lead us to be-
lieve the leopard is changing
its spots.
The entrance of West Ger
many into the NATO is less
Evening star., 1955-05-16
DORIS FLEESON

A bitter argument in the
Pentagon preceded release Of
the Defense Department an
nouncement that the Soviet
Union is making formation
flights with intercontinental
bombers." The play-it-down
school won and their victory
is reflected in the highly tech
nical, polysyllabic release.
The release in turn seems to
have thrown most of the COM
mentators, press and radio.
and the Congress. Senator
George, ordinarily very astute.
even suggests that it con-
stitutes only fresh Air Force
propaganda as the Senate
starts work on the new defense
budget. The Senator certainly
is correct that the Air Force
has sometimes cried Wolf!
Wolff"
Yet II the story means any,
thing-and some experts think
1t means everything-it means
that the Reds can now deliver
the nuclear fission bomb on
the United States mainland.
Up to now it was thought that
the Soviet Air Force had only
a sample heavy jet bomber of
the kind used by the United
States Strategic Air Command.
All the circumstances sur
Evening star., 1955-05-16
News of Russia S Big Bombers

At that point the argument
began over whether a mere
statement should be made or
whether the implications of the
news should be officially de-
scribed. Defense Secretary Will
son ruled in favor of the terse
and non-ccmmittal release.
What Mr.. Wilson hopes to
avoid is another fierce round
Of debate on Soviet air capa-
bilities as an already somewhat
apprehensive Senate starts dis
cussion of his budget. In par
ticular. the Defense chiefs
fear a former Secretary of the
Air Force. Senator Symington
Of Missouri, who has long con-
tended that this administra-
ton was understanding the
Soviet Unions military poten-
tial, especially in the air.
Senator Symington has
some speeches to make this
week. The new information, at
the least, holsters arguments
he has already made.
There are few signs yet that
Congress, no matter what it
hears, is ready to challenge
President Eisenhower on de-
tense matters. The House, de-
spite warnings, sustained him,
1920, after defeating efforts
to restore manpower cuts.
Senators grumble privately
that budget considerations are
put ahead Of defense, but when
the roll Is called. most Of them,
too, go along.
Evening star., 1955-05-16
Moseow's Apparent New Behavior
Muy Be Due to Troubles Within

liShed figures, straining the
industrial economy far beyond
i6 capacities.
Recently a French cultural
mission visited Russia. Its
members were housed in the
best hotels. lavishly wined and
dined, and. of course, courte-
ously guided. Among them
was the wife Of a Paris pub
Usher. herself a percipient
journalist, who was born in
Russia and by reason of
speaking the language fluent
ly was able to escape her guide
from time to time in extensive
travels through the country,
to browse about in provincial
towns, shop in stores, and
strike up acquaintance in
recreation parks and on
beaches.
Recently she was in this
country for a few days and
reported that her overwhelm-
ing impression was there
is nothing to eat in the
USSR." Restaurants touted in
the guidebooks proved, if
visited without prior arrange
ments, to offer nothing but
cabbage borscht, salt fish, and
bread-all but the bread being
practically inedible.
One would take all such re-
ports with many grains Of
salt, were they not confirmed
by the revelations and ex-
hortations of the Soviet press
itself and what news the
few discerning and objective
travellers bring back from the
East European states.
II they are true to any ap-
preciable degree, the Soviet
Union is in no condition,
economically, politically or
morally, to wage war, and every
new Communist state added to
the Communist imperium is
not an asset but a liability.
\. For communism creates S
Evening star., 1955-05-16
DAVID LAWRENCE
Cold War Entering Crucial Stage

nation If both those govern
ments agree not to let the
United States use bases on
their respective territories from
which atomic weapons can be
launched against Soviet Russia.
In other words, after the neu-
tralization of Germany, the
Communist objective win be to
obtain. il possible. a declaration
of neutrality from Britain and
France.
The Scviets may never have
intended to wage q "hot war"
especially as they have always
had the notion since Eenins
day that inflltration was easier
and less expensive.
How can this be countered?
Certainly not by preventive
war;" It is a curious thing,
but the pro- Communist letter.
writer's to the newspapers here
always make the accusation
that anyone who doesn't agree
with the sppeasement doctrines
Of the hour is necessarily In
clined toward preventive war"
Actually there is a third
way, and it has been bril-
liantly set forth in a memo
randuE submitted to Presi-
dent Eisenhower by David
Sarnof. formerly a brigadier
general on Mr.. Eisenhower's
staff when the latter COM
manded the Normandy inva-
sion. It involves the effective
use Of moral force and Of an
enlightened public opinion to
win the people behind the
Iron Curtain.
Fer, though the Soviet gov
ernlnent MAY have no mill
tary objective, it can prove
arrogant and aggressive and
bring on incidents and epi-
sodes that can drag the world
into a war against its wishes.
There is a certain despond-
ency here among diplomats
who take a long look at the
future. The need is for a
stepped-up program in the
cold war" to hold Western
Europe, as against the in
sidious forces which seek to
use the wobhly parliaments
to do their bidding. The COM
ing conference "at the sum-
NIT" could furnish the oppor-
tunity for an assertion of
American moral force. The
meeting should not be per-
mitted to become a tool in
the Kremlin's mechanism for
winning control of the Eu-
ropean continent.
Reproduction Rights Ressrved.)
Evening star., 1955-05-16
GeorgeS Sees Soviet F Failure
To NeutroIize YuqosIoviio

Supplementing this in an in
terview, Senator johnson said
he thinks the United States may
be putting too many eggs in the
power basket" of developing
military potential and not giving
enough attention to the battle
for mems minds.
However, Senate Republican
Leader Knowland said he thinks
the Russians may be trying to
win from Tito a guarantee that
neither country will attack the
other. If they got a satisfactory
guarantee of this kind. Senator
Knowland said, it would permit
the Soviets to shift satellite di-
visions from the Yugoslav border
and threaten Greece and Turkey
with them.
Agreeing with Senator George
that the Kremlin move was di-
rected at breaking Germany
away from the West, Senator
Knowland said the Russians ap-
peared to be striving to put
themselves in a stronger bar
gaining position for a top-level
Big -Four conference now ex-
pected to be held this summer.
Evening star., 1955-05-16
DOROTHY THOMPSON
Internal Erosion and Soviet Policy

indigence, not prosperity, and
the conquest Of ever more
mouths to feed and ever more
industries to supply is a very
dubious expanSionism for a
state unable adequately to
feed and supply its own
people.
There is an odd contradic-
tion in our own propaganda
about the Soviet Union. On
the one hand we say that the
rigid fnonolithic structure of
communism is unable to pro-
duce for basic human needs,
and, on the other, that it is
capable of launching a third
world war-war being the
greatest imaginable consumer
of goods and services.
Both VIEWS simply cannot
be correct.
Evening star., 1955-05-16
Recent Developments Called Prelude
To Red Drive to Neutrulize Germany
DAVID LAWRENCE

PARIS. May l6.-The most
crucial stage Of the ''cold war"
Is just beginning. 1t is a
struggle for control Of the
Continent Of Europe, and the
chances Of Soviet Russia win
ming out in the end and fore
ing the United States troops
to go home look brighter to
Moscow than they have been
at any time since World War
II ended.
This is because the East
holds the trump cards that can
result in a neutraIizing of
Germany. Once that is ac-
comphshed. there is no place
for six divisions or more of
American troops to be sta
toned on the continent.
To understand the realistic
situation here, one must brush
aside wishful thinking and
realize that Soviet Russia has
neutralized Austria as a clever
step in a long-range offensive.
Too many people. not only in
Europe, but also in America.
have been proceeding ION a
false assumption namely.
that the Kremlin really has
been planning a military at
tack. The truth Is the Soviet
regime. after soaring the day
lights out of the West. has al
ways had in mind that popular
governments are Vulnerable
and that by infiltrating them
the rearmament of Germany
could be prevented. They tried
first to persuade the French
Parliament. by means of their
partisans inside France, that
the European Defense Commu-
nifty agreement was a mistake.
Now that an accord has been
reached which brings West
Germany into the North At
lantic Treaty Organization,
the Communists are unfolding
their new strategy with all
the astuteness and diplomatic
energy they can command.
A sensational move to WOO
Tito and cut of Yugoslavia
from the West or at least to
neutralize that important link
in the defense chain has just
been revealed and is causing
CONSERVATION in Europe.
There is a report current in
central Europe that Tito al
ready has surrendered to the
Communist-controlled satel-
lites a number of Communist
Evening star., 1955-05-16

refugees who in recent years
crossed into Yugoslavia when
they broke with the Moscow
regime. 1t is pointed out that
this is exactly the way Stain
acted when he surrendered
German refugees as a prelim-
mary to a deal with Hitler.
Italy is in the midst of a
new crisis from which the
Communists hope to profit,
especially il a coalition with
the left-wingers is formed.
Likewise, in Britain although
the Conservatives expect to
win the election. thR ascend
ing role Of the Bevanites IN
leading the Socialist opposition
may make life uneasy for
American diplomats in the
years that lie ahead.
The latest tactics also call
for a reduction Of armament
inside Europe. This appeals
to the Predetermined peoples
and legislators in all coun-
tries. So there will be plenty
of debate about this, with no
real restriction on arms in
the end. But the people OF
Germany in both the Eastern
and Western areas will become
aware that they are the pawns
in a great game of chess. The
more they listen to the ar
guments, the more inclined
they will become toward NELL
traLzation.
While Chancellor Adenauer
is in good health, he can
prevent such a defeat for the
Western alliance, but, even as
he remains in power, he may
find it difficult to prevent his
Socialist opposition from aris-
ing with a new nationaliam
that may sweep the country.
After all, the Germans do not
want to see their country an
other battle ground, and they
do want reunifcation at al
most any cost. Also, the
Soviets can hold out the bait
Of a restoration of some Of the
territory that now is held by
Poland. For, to achieve a
neutralized Germany would be
worth almost any price to the
Kremlin.
=. Then the big tactics will
emerge. The Moscow regime
may be expected to announce
that it will not attack France
or Britain or use atomic wea-
pons at any time against either
Evening star., 1955-05-16
POTOMAC FfVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Farley says Kefauver has good chance for the
Democratic presidential nomination Good Kefauve
him. would Davy Crockett have gotten the
idea of wearing coonskin cap?
and European Red satellites unite under
single military Code Snow Blind and the
Dwarfs.
Labor Secretary Mitchell says years college graduates
great demand This the sad time year col
ee senior finally takes the job he spent four educating
himself how to avoid
Ike spends the week end Gettysburg Economy the
watcword of this administration Ike
the furniture around the White House.
We haven't lost Asia yet The Navy has
directive permitting officers to shorts
One trouble with the polio vaccine that somebody forgot
to noculate against all the programs public relations
Evening star., 1955-05-16
ny the Associated Press

Senator George. Democrat, of
Georgia predicted failure today
for Russian efforts he said are
aimed at "neutralizing" Yugo-
slavia in move designated to
foresta1l the rearnning Of West
Germany.
Senator George. chairman of
the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee, said he thinks that
In a meeting with Yugoslav
President Tito. Soviet Premier
Bulganin and Communist Party
head KhruShchev will seek a
propaganda result aimed at dis
couraging the West Germans.
Moscow announced Saturday
the two would visit Tito in Yugo-
slavia late this month.
II believe the Russians are
making a propaganda move
are making a propaganda move
aimed at attempts to weaken
the sentiment of the German
people behind the Adenauer gov
ernment." Senator George said.
But it isn't going to work. I
don't fear that 1t will have any
effect on Germany's fulf1llment
of her obligations to NATO." ,
Want Tito as Neutral
The Senator said he doesn't
think the Russians will go to
Belgrade late this month with
any idea Of obtaining a military
alliance with Tito that might
lead to war. He said he thinks
they want only to win Tito over
to the side of neutrality.
He said during the week. end
that if the Russians succeeded
in that. the action would call
for a re-examination of Ameri-
can military and economic aid
to Yugoslavia.
Senate Democratic Leader
Lyndon B. johnson said in a
New York speech last night that
perhaps Russia is abandoning
the threat Of hydrogen warfare
and turning its full talents to-
ward a propaganda offensive.
Senator johnson suggested
creation of a general staff to
advise President Eisenhower,
who he said is "overburdened"
with problems, on an offensive
to win world opinion over to
the side of freedom.
Evening star., 1955-05-16
ONSTANTINE BROWN
Slams of Real Accord Missing

easing of the present tensions
by a worldwide settlement
which must include ell claims
of the Chinese Communists
against territory held by the
Nationalists. Our refusal to
comply with this later demand
would be deeply resented. not
only by the French and British.
but also by the German people
who have no stakes whatever
In the Far East.
The idea of a Big -Four parley
was born from the necessity of
strengthening the present gov
ernments of Britain and Ger
many. But it is the, Russians
who will take the ball from now
on,
Evening star., 1955-05-16
iY THOMPSON

The new disposition of the
Soviets to give way on the dip
Iomatic front--on the Austrian
state treaty, in the disarma-
ment conference, and even, it
would seem, on the German
question--is chiefly due. I
think, to the internal situation
in the Soviet Union itself.
Stain, when he died, quite
evidently left the country he
had ruled with total despotism
in a far, worse condition, eco
nomically and morally. than
the outside world realized-or
than Stain himself realized.
One disadvantage of total
power. ruthlessly exercised. is
that its wielder is isolated
from the truth by the fear of
his subjects and collaborators.
Where popular discontents
are unable to exercise the free
expression that could lead to
reform, they express them
selves in a thousand and one
forms of unorganized sabotage
and q cynical disrepect for re-
SponSibilitieS. In a vast state,
extended during the past 10
years into a vaster empire,
highly centralized and operat-
ing under a rigid socio-politi-
cal theory that permits prac-
ticaIly' no free play for indi-
vidual forces. interests. or ideas,
the most formidable secret po-
lice in the world cannot pre-
vent the erosions of corruption,
breakdowns, and do-nothing-
ness.
Scandal after scandal has
come to light in the Soviet
press, duplicating both collec-
tive farm and industrial man.
ayers. Shake-ups in heavy in
dustry occur all the time.
Super armament, the rapid
industrialization of the for
merly agricultural satellites,
and exports to cover necessary
imports are, from tht pub
Evening star., 1955-05-16
Ali and Nehru Push
PurIey on Kushmir

NEW DELHI, India. May l6
up. Official sources reported
"some progress. today as the
prime ministers of India and
Pakistan continued talks on the
eight-year -old Kashmir dispute.
Pakistan's Prime Minister Mo-
manned Ali came here Saturday
to begin talks with Prime Min
lister Nehru. The parley is sched-
uled to end Wednesday. but Ali
said last night he is willing to
stay on "as long as necessary"
if agreement appears possible.
Evening star., 1955-05-16
Honorary Degree

DR.. Francis M. Forster. dean
of the Georgetown University
School of Medicine, will receive
an honorary Doctor of Laws de-
gree at the commencement exer.
cises of Xavier University, Gin
cinnati, June. 8.
Evening star., 1955-05-16
Dresser Will Speak

Chuck Dresser, manager OF
the Washington Baseball Club.
will talk at a luncheon Of the
Civitan Club at 1880 pm. to-
morrow in the Mayflower Hotel.
Evening star., 1955-03-24
Emphasis on Politics
In Schools Urqed

Chairman Mcmillan of the
House District Committee last
night urged that more emphasis
be placed on the teaching of
civil government and politics in
the schools.
He addressed a dinner meet
ing of the Central Businessmen's
Association, held in the Hamil-
ton Hotel.
Representative Mcmillan en-
phasized that playing a part in
politics is as important as be-
ing a physician or lawyer.
He explained that, in Ameri-
can foreign policy, the United
States has taken a back seat"
because the representatives of
other nations are born and
bred" in politics, and I'VE come
out second best"
In other business it was
charged that local parking and
traffic regulations have done
much to take away trade from
business here and drive it to
the suburbs.
Representative Mcmillan said
his committee is about to sched-
ule hearings on local business
conditions.
Evening star., 1955-03-24

street, Arlington, Va. Both were
admitted to Alexandria Hospital
with Multiple lacerations. Mr..
Benn also had a broken arm.
Both were reported in satisfac-
tory condition.
Fairfax County Police Pvt.
John Reinmiller said Mr.. Benn
and Mr.. West were returning
from a trip to Frederick, Md, in
a four-place Stinson around
Z pm.
The field was not lighted and
they were using auxiliary land
ing lights on the plane as they
made the approach, Pvt. Rein
miller said. The officer declared
the plane apparently came in too
low and clipped the top of two
oak trees at the southeast end
of the field. This ripped a
Evening star., 1955-03-24
BY the Associoied Pres,

The Governments housekeep-
ing agency says it got rid of
enough surplus Government
records last year to create a
stack 80 miles high.
And this year, the agency
says, it will throw away for
housekeeping reasons 80 per
cent of the records in SIS selec-
tive service centers throughout
the country.
That won't save anybody
from the draft, but it might re-
lease 10000 filing cabinets for
other records.
Wayne C. Grover, chief
archivist. described the attack
on mountainous files to a House
Appropriations subcommittee in
testimony released today. Record
pruning is under the General
Services Administration.
For the first time in years, Mr..
Grover testified, I'VE have a net
reduction in the total records of
the Government this year.
1--WE got rid of papers equiva-
lent to 10000 file cabinets"
At four feet a cabinet, that's
Evening star., 1955-03-24
GU 10 Confer Degrees
On Mrs. Luce. 7 Others

Georgetown University will
confer three honorary degrees
at a founders day convocation
at 3 pm. tomorrow in McDon-
ough Gymnasium.
To be honored are Mrs. Clare
Boothe Luce, Ambassador to
Italy; DR.. Michael x. Sullivan,
professor of chemistry. and DR..
Thomas j. Tudor, Virginia
country physician.
Medals also will be presented
to nine faculty members for long
service. Mrs. Luce will be the
convocation speaker.
Evening star., 1955-03-24
Two Hurt in Crash
Of Private Plane in
Nearby Virginia

The proprietor of the Wash
ington-Virginia Airport at Bal
leys Cross Roads in Fairfax
County and a friend were in
jured last night when their plane
crashed as they were attempting
a landing at the field.
Those injured were the air.
port proprietors. j. D. Benn. 40,
who was plotting the plane and
his passenger. Alfred T. Vest.
40. of 1920 South Eighteenth
Evening star., 1955-03-24

wing off the plane and it nosed
into the ground.
Mr.. Benn and Mr.. West were
pulled from the wreckage by the
Baileys Cross Roads Fire Depart
ment, located just across Route
z from the airfield. They were
taken to the hospital in the
Baileys Cross Roads Rescue
Squad ambulance.
Evening star., 1955-03-24
Pile of U.S.. Files 80 Miles High
Tossed Out, Cleanup Unit Says

80 miles worth. The trend, he
said, may not continue.
This year, his Office expects to
get rid of 100000 cubic feet of
old records. But other agencies
will hand it 100000 cubic feet
of other paper, so the net in
crease will be 100000.
Mr.. Grover said the cutback
in records this year will save
about 81 million in rent, al
though it will cost about $500, 900
to accomplish it.
Evening star., 1955-03-24
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