davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-11-13
Advancement Cited

Our modern public school sys-
tenn has been developed on q
Iracially segregated basis, and ad-
vancement Of the Negro race
has been q direct result Of such
Ia system. Without segregation,
the white children would still be
largely taught in private acad-
lemies as they were IN the early
days in Virginia. Public schools
would have made no progress
and Negro children would have
received little or no public edu-
cation Future judicial pro-
lnouncements and the attitudes
lof the Negroes themselves win
largely determine whether In
many parts Of Virginia the clock
win be turned back q century.
It is now judicially asserted
that Negro children lose some
thing by being compelled to at
tend separate schools. The Su-
|preme Court Of the United
States. however. gave no con-
Isideration to the adverse effect
|of integration upon white chil-
dren, although this was ex-
lpressly called to the attention
Iof the court. This commission
believes that separate facilities
lin our public schools are IN the
best interest Of both races, edu-
lcationally and otherwise, and
that compulsory migration
should be resisted by all proper
means In our power.
The racial problem In Virginia
varies radically In different
localities: in 81 counties In the
north. Vest and southwest. the
Negro school population is less
than 10 per cent Of the whole:
lin ~ Of the southeastern, Pied
mont and Tidewater Counties
lit exceeds SO per cent, and in
one. it is nearly so per cent.
In some localities where there
are few Negroes. the problem Of
adjustment is not SO serious as
lit is in localities with large Negro
populations. In the latter. it is
believed. that the people win
Iabandon public schools rather
than accept any integraticn.
Our school properties. represent
ling an investnlsnt Of nearly
half 9 billion dollars. are owned
Iby the localities. and the money
for their operation Is raised In
great part from local taxes. OBJ
Iviously. the schools cannot con-
Itinue without the support of the
people, and we must leave q large
measure Of autonomy to the To-
calities. even though that may
result in the closing Of public
schools.
Evening star., 1955-11-13
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
Iceiyed by your colleagues in the
assembly"
The findings of the commits
sion headed by State Senator
Garland Gray of Waverly, are
certain to be closely studied not
only in Virginia but in other
Southern States as well.
The basic goal Of the commits
Ision's program Is to see that no
child in Virginia Is forced to at
tend an integrated school. A
theme emphasized throughout
the report Is that segregation
problems vary throughout the
State. and therefore school
boards must be given wide dis
erection" in order to deal with
their individual community sit
Iuations.
Hinges on Referendum
To carry out the tuition grant
proposal, Section 141 Of the Con-
Istitution must be amended.
Last week. the State Supreme
Court ruled that this section for
bids Virginia to appropriate
money to pay for the education
OF children In private schools.
II called in special session as
expected, legislators viii vote on
|a bill that would authorize a lin
Iited constitutional convention.
Virginia residents would then
cast ballots for or against the
convention, which would con-
lvene for the sole purpose of deal
ing with Section 141.
The anti-intergration program
hinges on the outcome Of the
referendum vote. Once the Con-
Istitutional Amendment is adop-
tied. the Commission purposes
that the Legislature pass a series
Iof bills to carry out the rest Of
its program.
Provisions for Grants
Under the commissions basic
ltuition-grant plan, any child
either white or colored-would
Ibe furnished with money to at
tend q private school when:
/. His parents object to having
him attend an integrated school.
Ior
Q. There are no public schools
being operated in the COM
Imunity.
@This commission believes.
I"the report states. that separate
facilities in our public schools
ARE in the best interest Of both
races, educationally and other
wise, and that compulsory in-
Itegration should be resisted by
all proper means In our power.
The report goes on to say:
"The commission has been
confronted with the problem Of
continuing q public school sys-
ITEM and at the same time max
ling provision for localities
wherein public schools are aban-
Idoned, and providing educational
opportunities for children whose
parents will not send them to
lintegrated schools"
Educational Levy Proposed
If a county shuts down its
public schools, as some with
heavy Negro populations are ex-
|pected to do. the commission
suggests authority be given to
the governing body to raise funds
|by an educational levy, or q cash
|appropriation--not to exceed the
maximum set by law. The reve-
niue raising procedure would be
the same as IL funds were being
levied to finance public school
Operations.
The school district would re-
ceive its share OF State funds,
and the total amount would go
toward the tuition grants.
In q locality where public
Evening star., 1955-11-13

sideration such factors ss avail
ability Of facilities. health. apti-
tude Of the child and the avail
ability Of transportation.
Children who have heretofore
attended q particular public
school would not be reassigned to
q different one except for good
cause shown. A child who has
not previously attended q public
school or whose residence has
changed. would be assigned as
aforesaid.
Any parent. guardian or other
person having custody Of a child,
who objects to the assignment Of
his child TO q particular school
under the provisions Of the act
should have the right to make
application within IS days after
the giving Of the notice Of a par
ticular assignment to the local
school board for a review of its
action. The application should
contain the specific reasons why
1.-THE child should not attend the
school assigned and the specific
reasons why the child should be
assigned to q different school
named in the application. After
the application Is received by the
local school board, q hearing
would be held within IS days
and, after hearing evidence. the
school board would determine to
what school the child should be
assigned.
An appeal. II taken. should be
permitted from the final order Of
the school board within is days.
The appeal would be to the Cir
|cuit or Corporation Court. The
local school board would be made
la defendant In this action and
the case heard and determined
de novo by the judge of the court,
either In term or in vacation. II
either party be aggrieyed by the
order Of the court, an appeal
should be permitted to the Su-
preme Court Of Appeals Of vir-
Iginia.
Evening star., 1955-11-13
Payment

s. That school budgets be re-
quired to include amounts suf-
ficient for the payment Of tut
ton grants and Transportation
costs under certain circum-
stances: that local governing
bodies be authorized to raise
money for such purposes; that
provision be made for the ex-
penditurs Of such funds; and
that the State Board Of Educa-
ton be empowered to waive cer-
tain conditions In the distribu-
ton Of State funds.
This would be companion
legislation to that dealing with
the assignment Of pupils and
compulsory education, respec-
lively. It would be designed to
further prevent enforced inte-
grafton BY providing for the
payment Of tuition grants for
the education Of those children
whose parents object to their
attendance at mixed schools.
Without such d measure, en-
forced integration could not be
effectively avoided since many
parents would then be required
10 choose integrated schools as
the only alternative to the illit-
eracy Of their children.
The division superintendent
OF the schools Of every county,
city or town where In public
schools are operated should be
required to include In his esti-
mate Of the school budget an
amount OF money to be expended
as tuition grants for elementary
and secondary school education.
The locality would be authorized
to include in It's school levy or
cash appropriation an amount
necessary for such tuition
grants.
The educational funds so
raised would be expended In payy
ment Of tuition grants, for ele-
Evening star., 1955-11-13

magistrates they legislated, adj
Indicated, and administered the
laws of their people. George
Mason, who wrote our Bill Of
Rights. was a magistrate Of Fair
flax County: Edmund Pendleton,
who presided over the Virginia
Revolutionary Convention and
drafted the resolution calling
upon Congress to declare inde-
lpendence, was Q magistrate Of
Caroline County: Richard Henry
Lee, who moved the resolution
lin Congress. was q magistrate
Iof Westmoreland; Jefferson. who
wrote the Declaration Of Inde-
|pendence. was q magistrate OF
Albemarle, and Washington. on
whose broad shoulders the revo-
LUTON rested, was q magistrate
Iof both King George and Fair
fax. The commission is certain
that the spirit that actuated our
fathers during times Of trial still
lives in this Commonwealth, and
that our best citizens viii not
fail to meet the challenge Of
their day.
SUMMARY OF LEGISLATION
PROPOSED
The commission has been con-
lfronted with the problem Of con-
Itinuing q public school system
and at the same time making
provision for localities wherein
public schools are abandoned,
and providing educational oppor-
|tunities for children whose par
|ents win not send them to In
tegrated schools
To meet the problem thus
created by the Supreme Court.
the Commission proposes q plan
|of assignment which viii permit
local school boards TO assign
their pupils In such manner as
win best serve the welfare OF
their communities and protect
and foster the public schools
under their jurisdiction. The
Commission further proposes
Legislation to provide that no
child be required to attend q
school wherein both white and
coIored children are taught and
that the parents OF those chill
|dren who object to integrated
schools. or who live In commune
tiles wherein no public schools
are operated. be given tuition
grants for education purposes.
There has heretofore been
pending before the Supreme
Court Of Appeals Of Virginia the
case Of Almond v. Day. In which
the court had before it for con-
|sideration the question OF
whether the Legislature could
|yalidly appropriate funds for the
education Of war orphans at
public and private schools. On
November. 4. 1855, the court rem
Edered its decision and held.
among other things. that Sec
(tion l41 of the Constitution Of
Virginia prohibited the appro-
Ipriaticn Of public funds for pay
ments OF tuition. institutional
fees and other expenses Of stu
dents who may desire to attend
private schools.
II our children are to be
educated and If enforced inte-
grafton is to be avoided. 1t Is
now clear that Section 14l must
Ibe amended. Moreover. unless
this Is done. the States entire
program. insofar as attendance
lat private schools is concerned.
Involving the industrial re.labili-
ltation program for the physically
land m e ntally handicapped.
grants for the education Of de-
serving war orphans, grants in
aid Of Negro graduate students,
land scholarships for teaching
land nursing. to remedy shortages
lin these fields. Is In jeopardy.
q Z 3 1 Z
Evening star., 1955-11-13
Aquarium Meet Set

The National Aquarium So
ciety will meet at 8 PIN. Tuesday
in the auditorium Of the COM
merce Building. Fourteenth and
E streets NV.
Evening star., 1955-11-13
Reimbursement Plan

7. That provision be made. for
the reimbursement by the State
LOT one-half on any additional
costs which may be incurred BY
certain localities in payment Of
tuition grants required by law.
The commission realizes that
the payments Of tuition grants
In localities wherein public
schools are operated may neces-
|sitate some expenditures beyond
the adopted school budgets.
Since tuition grants are vital to
the prevention Of enforced inte-
grafton, 1t should be provided
that the State bear one-half Of
any excess costs to the locality.
8. That local school boards be
authorized to expend funds de-
signed for public school purposes
for such tuition grants as may be
permitted by law without first
obtaining authority therefor
from the tax levying body.
Local school boards should be
authorized to transfer school
funds. excluding those for cap-
ital outlay and debt service.
within the total amount of their
budget and TO expend such funds
for tuition grants. In order TO
give the local boards more fiex-
ibility to meet the requirements
of the tuition grant program.
3. That the employment Of
counsel by local school boards be
authorized to defend the actions
of their members and that the
payment OF costs, expenses and
liabilities levied against them be
made by the local governing
bodies out of the county or city
treasury as the case may be.
Such q measure Is necessary II
we are to continue to have rep
resentatiye citizens as members
of our local school boards.
10. That the Virginia Supple
mental Retirement Act be
|broadened to provide for the re-
|tirement of certain private school
teachers.
The Virginia Supplemental Re-
Itirement Act should be broad
|ened to provide for the retire.
|ment Of school teachers II such
teachers be employed by q corr
iporation organized for the pur-
pose Of operating a private school
after the effective date OF the
enactment Of legislation recom-
|mended by this report.
The purpose Of this is to pro-
tect the retirement status Of
those public school teachers who
may hereafter desire to teach III
private schools that are estab-
iished because Of the decision In
the school segregation cases.
Corporate entity Is deemed nee
|essary for practical administra-
|tion By the retirement board.
Evening star., 1955-11-13

1tuNt6y, OHtJttttg OfttY Lite t6y
summarized In the tert..
Your Commission was ap-
pointed on August 80. 1854. and
instructed to examine the effect
Of the decision Of the Supreme
Court of the United States in
the school segregation cases. de-
cided May II, 1854. and to make
such recommendations as may
be deemed proper. The real i'm
pact Of the decision. however
could not be fully considered
until the final decree Of the Su-
preme Court was handed down
and its mandate was before the
Federal District Court for in-
depreciation. This did not take
place until July IS, 1855.
The Commission and its ex-
ecutive committee have held
many meetings, including a
lengthy public hearing. wherein
many representatives of both
races expressed their views, and
the Commission has made two
interim reports. one on January
10. 1855, and the other on june
10. 1855. It now submits its
further recommendations fol
consideration by your excellency
EFFECT OF THE DECISION
OF THE UNITED STATES SU-
PREME COURT IN THE CASE
OF DAVIS VS.. COUNTY
SCHOOL BOARD OF PRINCE
EDWARD COUNTY, VA.
Until the decision In the Davis
and companion cases. segrega-
tion of the races in the public
schools had been recognized as
coming within the valid exercise
Of the police powers Of the sew
eral States. In the leading case
Of Plessy VS.. Ferguson, 1853 U. S
537 decided in 1890, the Su-
preme Court Of the United States,
in upholding the validity of a
Louisiana statute requiring the
separation Of the races In rail-
way coaches. made this perti-
nent observation:
The most common in
stance of this segregation OF
the racesl Is connected with the
establishment of separate schools
for white and colored children,
which have been held to be a
valid exercise Of the legislative
power even by the courts OF
States where the political rights
Of the colored race have been
longest and most earnestly en-
forced
When the question Of the con-
stitutionality Of a Mississippi
statute requiring segregation Of
the races in the public schools
came before the United States
Supreme Court in 1927 In the
case Of Gong Lum VS.. Rice. 275
q. 8. rs. Chief Justice Taft.
speaking for q unanimous court,
upheld It's constitutionality. and
observed, We think that it is
The same question which has
been many times decided to be
within the constitutional power
of the State Legislature to settle
without intervention Of the Fed
eral courts under the Federal
Constitution. " citing many cases.
When the 14th Amendment
was adopted three generations
ago, no one dreamed that 1t had
any application to segregation In
the public schools. Even the
Congress which initiated the 14th
Amendment provided for segre-
gated schools in the District Of
Columbia. For nearly century
this Interpretation was adopted
by many State courts and by the
Supreme Court Of the United
States, and accepted BY the
people OF this country and their
legislative representatives. II
was the law Of the land as firmly
as anything can be the law oi
the land.
Evening star., 1955-11-13
Top Almond Crops

SACRAMENTO California is
the only state in the United
States so far to successfully raise
almonds in commercial guam
titles.
Evening star., 1955-11-13
Virginia Commission S
Report on Segregation

RICHMOND, Va. Non, I2-Here is the tert of the report
OF the Virginia Commission Public Education to Coz
Staney oming oIy the legislation proposed The bills
summarized In the teri:
Evening star., 1955-11-13
No Compulsion

2. That no child be required to
attend an integrated school.
3. That the sections of the code
relating to the powers and duties
LOT school boards relative to
transportation OF pupils be
amended so as to provide that
school boards may furnish trans
|portation for pupils.
In the opinion Of the Commits
sion, such is merely D restate-
Iment Of existing law. However.
Iit is felt that It should be made
perfectly clear that no county
school board be required to fur
|nish transportation to school
children.
4. That changes by made in
the law relating TO the assign
|ment Of teachers.
Local school boards should be
vested with the authority to
employ teachers and assign them
TO q particular school. The d.
vision superintendent should be
permitted tosassign q particular
teacher to q particular position
In the school. but not to assign
the teacher to q school different
from that to which such teacher
was assigned by the local school
board without the consent Of
such board.
5. That localities be authorized
to raise sums Of money by q
tax on property, subject to local
taxation. to be expended by local
school authorities for educa-
tional purposes including cost
lot transportation and TO receive
and expend State aid for the
same purposes.
Those localities wherein no
public schools are operated
should be authorized to provide
for an educational levy or d cash
appropriation In lieu OF such
levy. The maximum amount OF
the levy or cash appropriation,
as the case may be. should be
limited In the same manner as
school levies or school appropri-
|ations are limited.
The procedure to BE followed
by school ofdcials and local tax
|levying bodies for obtaining
these educational funds would
be the same Is prescribed by
law for the raising Of funds for
public school purposes. The
educational funds 80 raised
would be expended by the local
school board for the payment Of
tuition grants for elementary or
secondary school education and
could, In the discretion Of the
board, be expended for transpor-
tation costs. Local school boards
should be vested with the au-
thority to pay out such grants
and costs under their own rules
and regulations.
Localities should be granted
and allocated their share 81
State funds upon certifying that
such funds would be expended
for tuition grants. ANY person
who expends q tuition grant for
any purpose other than the edu-
cation Of his child should be
|amenable to prosecution there-
Evening star., 1955-11-13

SUPPLEMENTAL STATEMENT
We concur in the report and
Recommendation Of the COM
mission insofar as they 60. but
believe that further safeguards
for the fundamental rights Of
the people should be enacted.
We, therefore. reserve the right
TO offer and seek the passage Of
additional legislation in the
General Assembly on this sub
ject.
tSignedl Sam 3. Pope,
Mills e. Goodwin, II.
Evening star., 1955-01-02
Todoy's Programs on Ielevision
H;ohI;ohts Sundoy Jonuury 2, 1855

NRc A N-,e Rsns Mop
tch AayetMt G3D NsN t
Eh ie5 sk " aa1 LIN ~ cMsss ei ti syts
Tmpe NIX
Evening star., 1955-01-02
PortroN for Today
An improbable Teen-Aeers' Idol
Thus Perry Como Who Mo Not Look the Port but Who Lives
II Eosy His Young Fun Besege Him at the Stuge Door

r4sk a - =
Wisliln 2 ysaI Ils 1870
started DscolIli,is nlss. aIla l,e
was esIaDlls.lea as e pslSOl'al-
NY II SHOW BUSINESS.
In . single week curing l946,
some 4 million Como record
ings were turned out. surpass-
Ing the output OF any artist 10
the history OF record shaking.
The barber from Canons-
burg. Pa, now Is N very Dig
business. He maintains 9 lux
urlols SUITE o. omces m tne
49, 0Illuins ,s anu i,ls D.oslac.-
lll-iaW, 80 Dcaliis' e iils psAsi-
nesss manaesr. y,
lae kLloWs s evelypouy Y sLls y
Muslc Dusllisss. A1ly ellllc u
tne uay, soy -plusscLs. 8. asel..S'
Iecolulns eAecuelsss. w.. = ..uslcia.ls. a VI :
- colnssis allu sol1is iioln slls
Solno , lSSs. s..
nis llas,ius, lloM.ss., 80 e 80 sa,s,s a9s
, O,ily peop,s ,,sa WY Mo.A w. I. - 49, 80
s caose.y sal.su = ~. ...,,. e J, nee nee
slies ia .s,.sa 49, a,s.aa,, sasn - 4, - ~
aiiu ~ 80 e 8 sos.a ...s.,t., s.srIt.. :. 49,
ol,s .saa1u ..naI ss.l.a.AA.Ss 0,,.,..a,
e va ..as'3.a. .a Sa.s,I s.iaI nass., ,,
y lass ysal go, Se.sD.s. ! ass.....s.,,,s a.ss
ali g s 49,, sss 80, a r..,oes. ,.o,,a, -
alaUuli. s, - .,.,:s ,.,.s. a..1 .g..ss 80 -
sman' unpuniiclzeo oIsai.l1a-
Evening star., 1955-01-02
H..iqhIiqhts

900, WTOP t9)Adventure:
How native tribes react to-
scientists who study them.
$3.50. WTOP tDl-Now and
Then: Shakespeare's first
folio plays.
1850, WRC Watch Mr..
Wizard: Sounds that make
sense.
1:OO, WMAL al Washington
Report: Interview with the
District Commissioners.
200. WTOP l9)Future Of
America: Economic and in
dustrial outlook.
2:30, WRC l4) Youth Wants
to Know: Author James A.
Kitchener.
500. WTOP fel-My Hero:
The Robert Cummings show
ct q new time.
500, WRC {4)-Princeton '55:i
Communists and Who They
Are. =
$3.50. WTOP (e1Arnos m
Andy: New Time.
$3.50, WRC i4)-Arnerican
Forum: !. Business Mergers:
Helpful or Harmful? r.
400, WTOP tDl-Years OF
Crisis: CBS reporters
around the world make q
year-end report TO Edward
n. MurrOW.
z:0o, WRC t4)Juvenile jury:
Comedian Fred Allen visits.
z:3O. WATAL GlCollege
Press Conference: Senator
Eparkman.
500. WTOP fe)-Dmnjbus.
aThe Trial Of q. B. ShaW's
st. JOAN. with Kim
Hunter. TORN Thatcher and
Robert Fienayng Also. Eliot
Noyes speaks on architec-
ture.
500. WMAL t71Super Cir
Gus: Man-eating animals.
500. WRC f4lHall Of Fame:
Story of william Tel.
5:3e, WTTG l51G Georgetown
University Forum: .Inde-
pendence. the Goal Of the
Disabled
$50. WRC fllOsbert sit
well: An interview.
SEQ. WRC t4l--Meet the
Press Senator Morse.
500, WAEAL t7)-Cowboy c.
Men: A new series.
6:30. WTOP 49lyOu Are
There: The torment Of
Beethoven, October 8. 1902.
7:Oo, WTTG IS Million Dol
lar Movie. William Powell
and Ella Raines la sIhe
Senator Was Indiscreet.r
TOO, WMAL t7I-YOu Asked
for II: The Navy's new
xFY-1 Pogo plane.
y:s0. WHfAL t5tPIayhouse:
An EXCL Is haunted by 3
mystery melody. In mid
night Crimes : with Herbert
RudIey.
Evening star., 1955-01-02

Mitchell Ayres, the. orchestra
leader. In q flowing sports
shirt, is sitting on his high
stool, chatting with the piano
player, and the Ray Charles
chorus is softly running
through one Of their songs.
It Is obviously q group Of
people on good terms with one
another.
No Froyed Nerves
They greet Como with good
cheer and jollity and there Is
no evidence Of frayed nerves
nor competing temperaments.
Como has been married for
81 years To his childhood
sweetheart, Roselle Belline.
They have an attractive but
not pretentious house at Sands
Point, Long Island, and they
have three children, Ronnie,
II. David. 8. and Terri. 8.
This modest man. who earns
close to 81 million q year from
his television shows and his
recordings, went into part
time business at the age Of IA.
with q barber shop In his
home town. After he gradu-
ated from high school, he