davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-20

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Evening star., 1955-02-20

elementary pSeeoutions; ~ thot they
would not toke shelter but would remain
out Of doors completely exposed for about
36 hours, and t3) thot in consequence
they would receive the moximum exposure.
Therefore, it will be recognized thot the
estimotes which follow ore whot might be
termed extreme estimates since they os-
sume the worst possible conditions.
There was, however. no blinking
the fact that some damage-pos-
sibly extensive damage-would be
done by the radioactive fall-out from
an H-bomb. The map at the top Of
this page shows areas which would
be seeded with the deadly dust If
bombs were dropped
Q On Washington with the wind
blowing from the southwest.
Q On Boston with the wind from
the northeast.
. On Detroit with the wind from
the northwest.
. On Buffalo with the wind from
the west.
. On Chicago with the wind from
the south.
Precautions
Rudimentary precautions, the Acc
said, would cut down hazards con-
Siderably. An ordinary frame house
would give shelter from half the
radiation; a brick house, even more.
Hiding in the basement would cut
radiation peril to 10 per cent. A
cyclone cellar covered with three
feet of earth would be completely
safe haven, even in the most heavily
busted areas.
Actually, there was not much that
was new in the Acc statement.
Most of the facts about atomic fall
out" have been public knowledge for
five years: some of them have been
known almost from the start of the
atomic age. Sealing laws" and
other formulas from which radia-
ton effects can be calculated appear
in an official Acc publication, THE
Effects of Atomic Weapons, which
was released in 1850 and now is
scheduled for revision to include in
formation about hydrogen bombs.
The most meaningful single fact
the size of the Bikini H-bomb rela-
tive to the nominal Hiroshima
bomb Of 10000 tons INT equivalent
was not revealed in the Acc state
ment. Unofficial estimates, however,
set the Bikini bombs power at 500
to 700 times that of the Hiroshima
Weap0n
Evening star., 1955-02-20

warned, we will soon have only rich
men or subsidized men in Congress.
Burdieks BIost
The argument Of the leaders was
punctured. however, by Usher L.
Burdick, Republican, Of North Da-
kota. With disarming frankness, he
said, "Are you going to get better
men? Why, the best men in the
United States never saw this Con-
gress, and they never will, because
you cannot get many good men to
run. That is the reason am here"
George S. Long. Democrat. Of
Louisiana was the only member bold
enough to strike back in the same
vein.
MY opinion" he said, "is that
lot of members who have spoken
here today who feel that we are not
entitled to a salary raise-my advice
to these members would be. Go back
home and help elect a better man to
Congress to take your place: one
that will be worth the money"
Apparently 283 Representatives
we're fully confident they we're worth
a raise when the roll was called.
Only 118 voted against the raise
whether through modesty or through
discretion was not revealed.
The bill also included $500 raises
for Federal judges and $4,000 in
creases for members of the Supreme
Court.
Evening star., 1955-02-20
Congress
Democratic Help Saves
Presidents Turiff Bill
From G. O. P. Amendments

''Our greatest enemy is not the
Democrats" President Eisenhower
told members of the Republican Ma
tional Committee last week. He
went on to say that the chief enemy
is the Communist Party.
On the same day on Capitol Hill,
it was demonstrated that-as far
as the Presidents trade bill is con-
cerned-the Democrats can hardly
rank higher than No. 3 among the
administrations foes. For 1t was
the Republican Party that provided
most of the opposition to the official
Republican program.
On two consecutive days Demo-
cratic leaders and Democratic votes
saved the Presidents bill. The first
rescue was by a single vote; the
second by seven-vote margin.
At stake was proposal to extend
the Reciprocal Trade Agreements
Act to June 80, 1858, with additional
authority for the President to re-
duce most tariffs by per cent in
each Of the coming three years. This
was what the old slogan Of trade,
not aid" had come down to.
President Eisenhower said the bill
was basic to his foreign policy. In
creased trade, stimulated by lower
tariffs, would build the essential
economic strength of this country
and her allies. he said.
A year ago Congress refused to
consider the program. This year,
however, President Eisenhower threw
Evening star., 1955-02-20
Legislators Pay

The Senotors and Representatives sholI
receive compensation for their services,
TO be aseertoined by low and paid out Of
the Treasury Of the United Stotes.
-U. Q. Constitution, Art. 4, See. Q.
The founding fathers who wrote
that sentence thought they merely
were saving future lawmakers from
the difficulties experienced by King
Georges unpaid members Of Parlia-
ment. But their kindness has been
an embarrassment to generations Of
congressman.
For it seems the phrase "ascer-
tained by law" made Congressman
the only public officials who could
raise their own salaries.
Last week the House mustered its
courage and voted itself 81 per
cent pay raise-from $4,000 year
(including q $4,000 expense account,
to $25.000.
Leaders of both parties spoke for
the bill. maintaining that Con-
gresham has responsibilities COM
mensurate with the new pay scale,
and expenses-if he wants to be re-
elected regularly-that often exceed
1t. II we don't ret the increase, they
Evening star., 1955-02-20
H-Bon1bs
Acc Reveals How Radiation
Could Kill at 220 Miles;
British Plan Production

The Nation was startled last week
by a announcement from the
Atomic Energy Commission which
in the minds of many headline-scan-
ners-seemed to say that people up
to 220 miles downward from a hydro
gen bomb explosion would be in i'm
mediate danger Of death by radia-
tion poisoning.
OF course, the statement said no
such thing. It was q calm, guarded
and carefully worded description Of
lessons learned from a hydrogen
bomb test at Bikini atoll on March
/, 1854. The implications read into
the statement we're. like the report
of Mark Twain's death, greatly ex-
aggerated.
While an H-bomb explosion un-
doubtedly would scatter radioactive
dust over hundreds or thousands Of
square miles, nothing in the Acc
statement indicated that this radia-
ton would necessarily kill everyone
---or even a substantial number--of
persons in any given area. The chief
hedge in the report was contained
In these words:
These estimates ossume: I'D That the
people in the ssse would isners tho msst
Evening star., 1955-02-20
School Aid

Spokesman for the Nations organ
lied teachers told Senate commit
tee last week they didn't like any
part of the Presidents point
program for Federal school age.
Not one of the four points is work.
able, DR.. William G. Carr. executive
secretary of the National Education
Association, said. He and other edu-
Gators said contemplated interest
rates for Federal loans were too
high. the State authorities" which
would handle part of the program
would be impossible in many cases
to set up. and the financing system
would require too much Federal in
reference.
Most witnesses asked for direct
Federal grants. Education and
Labor Committee members indicated
they intended to approve q bill more
to the liking of the teachers.
Evening star., 1955-02-20

Nationalists' claims. The Commu-
nists are believed to be reinforcing
their garrison in preparation for an
attack on the Nanchisan Islands.
These Nationalist-held coastal is
lands lie about 120 miles northwest
of Formosa, and are Chiang's north
ernmost outposts since he evacuated
the Tachens earlier this month.
The Pentagon wasn't taking the
spectacular Nationalist claims too
seriously, probably because they
know that Chang wants to whoop
it up to keep the war going. not
only to buoy his own hopes of going
back to the mainland. but also to
stimulate American interest in his
cause.
Bonekok
While Formosa got most of the
attention, there were other trouble
spots in the Far East. Mr.. Dulles,
for instance. was on his way to the
Bangkok Conference this week end.
Last week he announced the agenda.
First treaty council will be Or
ganiZed.
Then three problems will be dis
cussed: What kind Of military sup
port should the pact have behind it?
What can the treaty signatories do
to combat Communist subversion?
How can Southeast Asia's economic
status be improved?
Prospects were that anything ef-
fective the Manila pact powers do
will cost the United States money.
Evening star., 1955-02-20
British Bomb

In London, meanwhile, the BE4tiA
government announced plans -
produce hydrogen bombs on it, owR
independent Of any aid the UnitsA
States might give.
Atomic bomb production has long
been O British project, and - oe
right now the United Kingdom In far
ahead of the United States In prao.
tical application Of nuclear power.
But the H-bomb plan is something
new.
The governments annual State.
ment on Defense termed the emer-
gence Of thermonuclear weapons the
most important military develop.
ment Of 1854. Britain has the
ability to make thermonuclear
bombs, the statement said; therefore
the government considers it its duty
to develop and produce them.
Significance of the British an
nouncement seemed to be that just
as the United States and Russia no
longer have monopoly on atom
bombs, they no longer monopolizo
the thermonuclear field. And II o
relatively small major power can
build hydrogen bombs, it is possible
that even a minor power can mar
shall the necessary resources and
effort.
Evening star., 1955-02-20

affairs and a leashing of aggressive
Communist forces on the fringes of
the Soviet controlled land mass.
Men with these preferences were
centered in the government-the
Council of Ministers.
The Stalinist old guard, on the
other hand, are content to stick by
the more purely communist, the
doctrinaire formula of unrelenting
austerity at home coupled with au-
dacious Soviet probings farther and
farther into the "imperialist" camp.
These, older generation dogmatists
still dominate the Communist Party.
Standing between these two forces
is the largely uncommitted power of
the Red Army.
Dulles Olive Bronch
Last week MIR. Dulles openly ex-
tended an olive branch to the gov
ernment group, which he identified
as the moderate faction. IF their
point of view should prevail" he
said, then indeed there could be q
basis for worthwhile negotiation
and practical agreements between
the United States and the new Rus
sia.''
Apparently the American Govern
ment hopes that the younger Ma
lenkov faction may yet retrieve
enough support to turn the Soviet
Unions energies inward on its own
problems. This hope is based on two
possibilities:
First, the Stalinists are whitening
on the vine and should fade away,
sooner or later.
Second, the Red Army may yet
back the younger moderates. Pres
emily the army is allowing itself to
be identified with the old guard. But
Marshal Georgi Zhukov. its leader,
has reputation for moderation, not
adventurism. The Red Army, pre-
sumably, had made Malenkov's two
year tenure possible. A rapproche-
ment may not be impossible.
Whether any of the Kremlin wolf
pack would take kindly to advice
from the outside-especially from
"imperialist" America-was not at
all sure, of course.
Evening star., 1955-02-20
Review Of The Week. u S. Reds Probe for Weaknesses

Washington, would be deposited On
Baltimore three hours later II winds
aloft were blowing at 10 miles an
hour from the southwest. II this
piece Of grit suffered contamination
from radioactive iodine, 1t would lie
on the ground in Baltimore emitting
rays for nearly two weeks before IL
lost half its original deadly load"
# irradiated with strontium-an ele.
ment much like calcium-it would
remain radioactive for Is years be-
fore losing half its charge.
While the Acc statement was not
q pointed pitch for civil defense. II
referred to routine safeguards which
Civil Defense authorities long have
advocated. An ounce Of this kind
Of prevention, the Acc seemed to
be saying. would be worth more than
a pound Of post-explosion cure.
Desert Tests
In the Nevada desert, meanwhile.
q new series of nucIear tests got un.
der way after false starts due to ad.
verse wind conditions. Acc ofnciais
went out of their way to assure
Americans that no H-bombs were be-
ing exploded in Nevada.
Lest anyone unduly concern him.
self over fall-out from American
nuclear tests to date, the Acc said
the amount Of radiation added to
tho opviropnapt so for would ta&aI
no more, per capita, than . person
would receive in an ordinary chest
X-ray.
Evening star., 1955-02-20

his full weight behind the bill and
was confident of success.
The first blow fell on Thursday.
The Rules Committee had recon-
mended that no amendments to the
bill be permitted. The reason: The
myriad of special local interests rep
resented by the congressman would
demand changes to protect partic-
ular industries. Once the members
started exchanging support for pet
amendments. the bill could be
stretched completely out of shape.
But the House refused, 207 to 178,
to accept the "closed" rule. There
was a scramble for support by lead
ers Of both parties before the next
vote, on a substitute "open" rule. To
their relief it was beaten down 1893
to 191. Then they voted again on
the CLOSED" rule. It carried by one
vote, 1913 to 1872.
In each roll call majority Of Re-
publicans voted against the admins
tration stand.
After full day Of debate-in
which the burden Of the opposition
arguments was that reduced tariffs
would damage certain American in
dustries-the House faced another
key vote. Republican and Demo-
cratic leaders put heavy pressure
on their members to support the
administration. And the President
himself sent letter to G. o. p.
Leader Joseph w. Martin, jr.. declar-
ing the bill to be "of the greatest i'm
portance to the free world"
Seven Vote Margin
The pending question was in effect
whether the President should be
bound by Tariff Commission recon-
mendations on raising and lowering
tariffs. 1t obviously was an attempt
by high-duty advocates to restrict
the Presidents power to cut tariffs.
This time the administration VIC
tory was by seven votes, 206 to 1879.
Again Republicans led the opposi-
ton Republicans 119 to 66 for the
restriction; Democrats 140 to 80
against it,.
Final passage of the intact bill
was pretty much a formality. A
good many Representatives who had
supported the moves against the bill
hoped on the bandwagon and
helped pass it, 295 to 110. A major
ity of both parties supported the
measure.
Three of the four District-area
Representatives supported the Presi-
dent all the way (they were Demo-
Gratis Lankford of Maryland and
Smith of Virginia. and Republican
Broyhill of Virginia.. One member,
Republican Hyde of Maryland. stood
against the administration on all
but final passage.
Evening star., 1955-02-20
Russia

These, then ore the things for which
on Amerieon' we'll -wisher may hope from
the Russia Of the future: Thot she lift
forever the Iron Curtoin, thot she reeog-
nize certoin limitotons to the internal
authority Of government. and that she
obondon, os ruinous and unworthy, the
oneient game Of impenolist expansion
and oppression. . II she is prepared
TO do these things. then Amerieons will
not need TO concern themselves more
deeply with her noture and purposes;
the bosie demands Of more Stable
world order will then hove been met, ond
the oreo in which foreign people can
usefuIy hove thoughts and suggestions
will hove been filled.
Those are the words of George F.
Kennan, in his celebrated Foreign
Affairs magazine article of April,
1851. One of the Nations top ex-
perts on Russia, he was dismissed
from the State Department soon
after Secretary Dulles took over.
Last week there were echoes Of
Mr.. Kennan's words in Mr.. Dulles
foreign policy announcement. 1.-THE
time may come" the Secretary said,
and I believe it will come-when
Russians of stature will patriotically
put first their national security and
the welfare of their people. They
will be unwilling to have that Sc
curity and that welfare subordinated
to the worldwide ambitions of in
ternational communism"
Here was a daring and possibly
unprecedented probing action by the
American Government into what
appeared to be cracks in the Com
munist Party's "monolith."
On February 8 Premier Georgi
Malenkov, relative moderate to
whom Mr.. Dulles may now be ap-
pealing, resigned. Marshal Nikolai
Bulganin, an old-time Bolshevik,
was elevated to his place. Nikita
Khrushchev, an upstart who kept
making noises like an old Bolshevik,
was said to have become the most
powerful man in the Kremlin.
This abrupt shift confirmed State
Department suspicious that there
were not only personal but policy
differences among the inheritors of
Josef Stalin's mantle. The policy
riffs seemed ripe for exploitation.
Malenkov's younger forces Of
moderation had sought q better
break for the consumer In domestic
Evening star., 1955-02-20
Worning to Chino
On Isles Seen as
Sign Well Fight

The Communist and free worlds
were engrossed in feverish probing
action last week, seeking out the
strengths and weaknesses of their
opponents as the slow fuze on the
Formosa powder keg sizzled menac-
ingly.
Red China, either unconvinced or
unimpressed by Americas show of
strength. zeroed It's artillery on Que
moy island and sent small troop
convoy south toward the Matsus.
Obviously Peiping was still trying to
find out how far the United States
would go in helping the Nationalist
Chinese hold the long contested off,
shore islands.
The United States, meanwhile,
hungrily explored the apparent new
crack in the Kremlin wall.
Secretary of State John Foster
Dulles, in a major foreign policy
speech, threw Americas support
for what it is worth-behind the
Malenkov "moderates." At the same
time, he masked the United States
intentions on defending the Chinese
coastal islands, although leaning no
ticeably In the direction Of helping
Chang Kai-shek to hold them.
Evening star., 1955-02-20
Whot Couses FolI-Out?

One of the most interesting facts
about fall-out-its cause-was not
brought out in last weeks statement.
1t did not have to be; the 1850 re-
port described the fall-out in these
words:
When the radioactive. metallic oxide
porticIes in the cloud collide with
portieIes Of dirt, which ore in general
considerably Iorser they adhere. Con-
sequently, the dirt portieies become con-
tominoted with rodiooetNity. When the
violence Of the disturbance due TO the
bomb hos subsidized, the contaminated
dirt portieIes sroduolIy foil back to sorth,
giving rise 10 the phenomenon known as
the "foll-out." The extent ond noture
Of this foll-out will be determined by
the combination Of circumstances osso-
eioted with the height Of the explosion,
with the nature Of the surface beneath.
ond with meteorological conditions. II is
possible thot il the height OF the bomb
burst exceeds certoin value there will
be no detectobIe folI-out since no
extroneous portieles will be sucked into
the cloud.
Laws well known to mathemati-
clans demonstrate the extent Of fall
out. Take. for example. a particle Of
contaminated dirt the size Of the pc
riod at the end Of this sentence.
Such q piece Of dirt. sucked into the
aloud Of 0 nuclear bomb explosion ut
Evening star., 1955-02-20
Conventions
6. O. P. Breaks Precedent,
Selects Son Francisco in
August, '56, os Its LocoIs

Republican politicians. accustomed
but never quite resigned to the blis.
tering heat Of a convention summer
In the East or Midwest. reflected last
week on the time-tested slogan Of
Californians. Inc:
Its cool in San Francisco"
Then, with hardly more ado than
to say, Sure, 1t is" the Republican
Site Committee nominated and the
National Committee ratified the San
Francisco Cow Palace as the locale
and August 20 as the opening date
for the G. o. P.'s 1856 convention.
In two respects, the selection Of
site and date was radical departure
from custom for the Republicans.
Only twice-in st. Louis in 1896 and
Kansas City in 1928-has the G. o. p.
crossed the Mississippi to hold a con-
vention. And only twice-in 1855
and 1888-has the party convened
later than the Democrats. Next
year, the Democratic convention will
be held July % in Chicago.
And for San Francisco. the deci-
sion was something new-at least In
the present generation. The Demo-
Gratis met there once. in 1920.
Political observers took the selec-
ton of San Francisco in August to
mean that President Eisenhower all
most certainly would agree to be .
candidate again. The place seemed
to indicate that oratory would be at
a minimum-San Francisco is three
hours behind the populous East in
time, and controversial oratory
would be beamed to dead Eastern
air. And as far as the convention
date was concerned. 1t seemed to
indicate an Eisenhower renomina-
tion because the post-convention
campaign season would be too brief
for an untried candidate.
N Unhappy
There were indications that the
television industry was not too happy
about the Republicans decision.
Since TV has attained something
approaching adulthood, both parties
have met in the same town: In
Philadelphia in 1948, in Chicago In
1862. It will be necessary, this time.
for the industry to construct two
sets of studios instead Of one-and
this, Of course, costs money.
But aside from Tv, there seemed
to be few disappointed people. Chi
cago and Philadelphia delegations to
the site committee bowed out grace
fully when San Francisco's $3.50, 900
offer was accepted over identical bids
by those two cities.
Some amateur and professional
politicians speculated that the real
fight Of the Republican convention
If one develops-will. by virtue Of
San Francisco's selection, be held ON
neutral ground. A struggle for
power inside the party is reputed to
be going on between Vice President
Richard M. Nixon and Senate Mi
nority Leader William F. Knowland.
Both are from California.
After deciding on San Francisco,
the Republicans heard President
Eisenhower caution that commu-
nism, and not the Democratic Party.
was Republican Enemy No. /. He
also changed the party's direction
or at least its theological label-from
moderate progressivism" 10 "dy.
mamie conservation"
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1955-05-20
Mrs. G. T. Holsinger
Dies al McG,ahey lille
Rites To Re Friday

Funeral strl scrs for Mrs Hr-
ME Belle E9lslneeE mother Of ID.
II B TI1lslaFar III Farm .le ul
b. held AZ AcGaheySVille Na
today Friday 4t III NIL AZ
Brown Memorial YangeiIcal and
Reformed Church
Mrs. HolsnRer died Wednes-
DAY. Mas l8. at her home at Alc-
iaheysville SHE had been III III
health f1r the past Year
She was born February l8
1888 ia the same community the
daughter Of the late Jacob Brown
and Barbara Pence Burner SHE
married Gabriel r Holsinger Y
1903 He was prominent
Rockingham eounty farmer VINO
for number OF Years WAS presi-
dent Of the Virginia Farm Bureau
Federation He died September
t9. 1881
SURVIVING III addition To Dr
Holsinger. are three brothers
John II Burner. Layton B Bur
net and w Is Burner all Of Mo
Gainesville Another son Fitted
died i 1854
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1955-05-20
Beulah Church WSCS
To Present Comedy

A humorous dramatic produc-
ton Those Husbands Of Ours,
viii be presented by the Woman s.
Society Of Christian Service Of
Beulah Methodist Church near
Abilene May % al 3 D TIL. TIL the
Abilslc Grange Han
lhere VIII also be country
'ole sale Proceeds from a small
admission charge viii be for beuc-
fit On Beulah Church.