davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-07-21
Fists Punctuate
House Hearing
By the Associated Press

Fists few in a name-calling
session Of the House Education
Committee yesterday at which
members defeated, 17-10. a move
to deny Federal School funds to
States and local districts prac-
ticing racial segregation.
Members, who declined to be
quoted by name. said tempers
already made edgy by the segre-
cation wrangle exploded in fisti-
cuffs between Representative
Powell. Democrat of New York. a
Negro, and Representative
Bailey, Democrat of West vir-
ginia.
According to accounts of the
closed-door session, corroborated
by several committee sources,
Mr.. Bailey charged Mr.. Powell
with seeking to destroy Federal
school aid legislation by insisting
on an antisegregation amend
ment.
In the ensuing exchange. Mr..
Bailey repeatedly leaped up and
swung on Mr.. Powell, who is pas
tor of a large New York church.
Informants said Mr.. Bailey
landed one or more blows on Mr..
Powell before other committee
members separated them.
Accounts by committee wit
nesses said chairs were over
turned and Mr.. Powell was
partially knocked off balance
before Representative Kelley.
Democrat of Pennsylvania, and
Representative Perkins. Demo-
crat of Kentucky. seized Mr..
Bailey and Chairman Barden.
Democrat of North Carolina. and
Representative Landrum, Demo-
crat of Georgia, got to Mr..
Powell.
Mr.. Barden gaveled the session
to order with an admonition to
members to keep their passions"
in check.
Mr.. Bailey denied the incident.
1T never happened" he told
!newsmen.
Evening star., 1955-07-21
BIG FOUR

Continued From First Page
mitting West Germany to raise
the ,000-man force she
pledged to NATO in the Paris
agreement.
Would Abolish NATO
However, another provision Of
the Bulganin plan called for alb
clifton of the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization as we'll as
the Soviet bloc Warsaw Alli-
ance, as soon as the all-Europe
pact went into effect. An au-
thoritative source said the
United States would oppose any
plan which would destroy NATO.
In turning the unification and
security problems over to the
Foreign Ministers, their chiefs
laid down a specific mission to
study four points raised by one
or all of the Big Four:
l. The problem of German
unification itself, with particular
reference to the necessity of as
suring the security of all Euro
pean countries;
2. A possible security pact COW
ering all or part of Europe;
8. Limitation of armed forces
in Germany and neighboring
countries and creation of a con-
troll and inspection system;
4. A possible demilitarized
zone between East and West.
The Western delegations said
they were not too discouraged by
the deadlock.
First Assignment
James C. Hagerty, President
Eisenhower's press secretary
said that the referral of the two
problems to the Foreign Minis
ters should be looked on as the
first job assigned to the Minis
ters by the conference. Many
Western officials always have
considered that the primary pur-
pose of the summit meeting was
to lay the groundwork for such
future negotiations.
The spokesman for the French
delegation put it this way:
"The conference took a turn
which permits the expectation
that a certain number of COM
mon principles will be estab-
lished before the end of the
week, permitting the chiefs oi
government to give directives to
their Foreign Ministers"
1t was understood in Western
circles that the discussion on the
last agenda question-contacts
between East and West-woulo
be dealt with quickly. This COW
ers Russian proposals to remove
trade restrictions keeping West.
ern goods out of Communist
countries, as we'll as Western
appeals for the Soviet to permit
freer circulation through the
Iron Curtain,
Evening star., 1955-07-21
Auto Nets Fish

ELIzABETHTOWN, KY. (R.
DIR. M j. Noel found a new
way to catch fish but it was ex-
pensive. He parked his 1855
model car near a river and the
machine rolled down a steep
shore into the water. When a
Evening star., 1955-07-21
Heads Apple Service

MARTINSBURG, w. Va. July
I21 (SpeciaD Charles L. Pack
ard, Roaring Spring. Pa, has
been reappointed president of
the Appalachian Apple Service,
Ifruit-groWers service.
Evening star., 1955-07-21
Rabbi KeIlner Elected

Rabbi Abraham A. Kellner,
administrative director of the
Hebrew Academy of Washing
ton, has been elected to a three
year term on the national Execu-
tive Board of the Rabbinical
Council of America.
Evening star., 1955-11-27

little rougher with self-employed
persons.
Already his program is half way
through Congress. and the outlook
is excellent for completion of the
job. The House this year approved
by an overwhelming, bipartisan
vote 1872 to 3ll bill to pay social
security benefits to women at age
So instead of the present IS. Ben
efits would be extended, under the
bill, to lawyers, dentists. osteopaths.
chiropractors, veterinarians, natur-
opaths. optometrists and certain
farmers.
The American Farm Bureau Fed
Grafton. American Medical Associa-
ton and American Dental Associ-
alton have opposed extension Of
social security to their people. who
prefer to attend to their own re-
tirements. Principal spokesmen for
the other occupational groups, how
ever. have been for the bill or at
least neutral.
The administration, in the person
of former Secretary OF Health. Ed
ucation and Welfare Oyeta Culp
Hobby, opposed the bill. But the
new secretary. Marion B. Folsom.
has tentatively endorsed extension
OF social security coyerage. 4
Evening star., 1955-11-27

Council to block these countries
applications for membership. OBJ
servers speculated that this was the
reason the anti -colonialist bloc de-
cided to drop the Algerian question
this year. India, leading critic OF
colonialism in Africa. offered the
resolution mot to consider further
the item entitled The Question of
Algeria" 1t was adopted without
debate or roll call and France re-
Joined the Assembly
Meanwhile the United States was
Softening its opposition to Outer
Mongolia. which the Soviet Union
insists must be admitted along with
four other Communist countries II
any of the Is Communist ma
tionS are to be accepted. -
The only other principal item Of
business 10 be resolved before U. ~.
adjournment time on December 10
will be the naming of an 18th mem
ber to the Security Council. Neither
American backed Philippines nor
Soyiet backed Yugoslavia could
muster the necessary two-thirds
vote in the General Assemblys first
81 ballots.
One compromise said to be under
consideration is enlargement Of the
Security Council 10 include India
as permanent member and two
other nations as temporary mem
bers. The expansion is considered
desirable by some in view of the
prospect for increased membership
of the General Assembly. from so
to 78 nations.
Evening star., 1955-11-27
Income Taxes

z. A tox revision 10 benefit the low
income sroups--proboby along the line OF
ihut previously offered by Senator WoIter r.
George Of Georgia, increasing exemptions.
Senator George urged two years
ago that taxes be cut by raising
personal exemptions. Such action.
he said at that time. would % help
check the business dip and 20 be
q kindness to low-income groups.
Presumably Reason No. would be
replaced next year by reference
to the good possibility OF a ball
anced budget. Reason No. would
be even more valid in a year that
will give low-income citizens a
chance to vote for or against their
benefactors.
The administration. meanwhile.
says only that 1t would like to cut
taxes, budget permitting. The
present outlook is that the budget
will permit. But the administra-
ton has shown more interest in
cutting tax rates than raising
exemptions. That means the upper
and middle income groups would
benefit more under the administra-
tion's plan.
Evening star., 1955-11-27
Health

3. A health proerom TO aid msdieol re-
seoreh and to include larger arunts for
hospitol construction, OF least at the level
authorized under the orsinol Hill Burton
bill.
HEW Secretary Folsom said in
August he was taking "a new look"
at the entire administration health
program. So he might have some
thing new in January. The most
important proposal in this years
program was Federal reinsurance
for private health insurance COM
panies, Democrats said 1t would
do little more than enrich the
insurance firms. No action was
taken on the measure in either
house.
The administration also asked
for a mortgage insurance program
for health facilities and for a few
minor medical research bills. Only
a bill to study air pollution was
approved.
Mr.. Johnson apparently wants
more ambitious medical research
program and a grants-in-aid hos
pital construction plan. The 1916
Hill Burton act was designed to
build $3.50, 100000 worth of hos.
pitals in a five-year period. Most
Of the money went to rural areas.
Evening star., 1955-11-27
u. N.
Frunce Walks Back In
As Algerian Question
Is Erased From Aqendu

Complex behind d-the-scenes ma
neuvering brought France back to
the General Assembly last Friday
after an elght-week boycott.
Foreign Minister Antoine Pinay
led the walkout last September 80
after the Assembly had voted, 1927.
to discuss. Frances relations with
Algeria, her vast North African ter
ritory which was made part of
metropolitan France after World
War II. France contends her rela-
tions with Algeria are an internal
matter. Anti-colonialists, particu-
larly the Arab states which have
pushed the issue. celebrated the
vote as great victory.
Since then, however, there has
arisen the possibility Of a package
deal" to admit II or 18 more coun-
tries to United Nations member
ship. Among them are Jordan, an
Arab League member; Libya, an
other Arab state neighboring French
Algeria: Cambodia and Laos, two
young nations just freed Of French
colonial rule: and Ceylon. All five
could be expected to swell the anti
colonialist bloc in the United Ma
tions.
France, although boycotting the
General Assembly. would have had
the opportunity in the Security
Evening star., 1955-11-27

s. A farm program which will restore 90
per cent Of pority subsidies; extend the
benefits to additional products. and posi-
bly, include soil rentol prosrom.
This could be another great issue
in Congress next year. The admin
istration backs the Benson program
of lower, flexible price supports,
and Secretary of Agriculture Ezra
Taft Benson says that will be the
basic program as long as he's Sec
retary. A considerable number of
Democrats and farm-State Repub-
licans believe the farmers want a
return to high. rigid supports. how
ever.
Democrats see great vote-getting
possibilities in the johnson proposal.
Gov. Averell Hartman of New
York made a western speaking
tour last week. If his own pro-
testations are to be taken seriously
his purpose was to tell the country
he was not a candidate for the
Democratic presidential nomination.
But, every inch the candidate. he
struck out on the farm issue as he
went through Idaho. President Eli
senhower, he said, was selling out
the farmer with his flexible price
support program, The administra-
ton is deliberately" driving down
farm prices, he charged.
And the Democratic National
Committees Special Advisory Com
mittee on Agriculture urged unan-
imously that the party formally
back 80 per cent supports in the
coming campaign.
Evening star., 1955-11-27
Roads

5. A public roods prosrom probably sim
ilor to the Gore bill. The question Of toxes
to pay for hishwoy prosroms is port OF the
general tox prosrom-and ! hope it con
be hondIed separately.
Everyone seems to agree that
more Federal money should be
spent on highways. but the ques-
tions remain of how much, for how
long, and for what roads?
The Democratic Congress was
successful in killing the administra-
tion plan this year. The bill lost
out on the financing issue (the pro-
posal was to raise money through
a special bond issue which would
not be recorded as part of the ma
tional debit. The Senate approved
a bill which called for financing
out Of general revenue funds. The
House took up, but rejected, meas
ure calling for higher taxes on
gasoline, tires. etc.
Senator johnson apparently still
pushes the Senate measure, so the
same House-Senate fight can be
expected again. The administration
has conceded defeat on its scheme.
Evening star., 1955-11-27
Arob-IsroeI

Meanwhile the Moscow stimu-
lated crisis in the Arah-Israel area
sputtered along. On Monday, Is
rael's Foreign Minister, in the
United States to spearhead a bond
drive, warned that in an extremity
his country would seek arms wher-
ever it could get them-from the
Communists if necessary. He said
Israel would not give up any Of the
land it now holds, as Egypt wants.
because the compromise" would be
all on one side.
Last Friday Prime Minister An
thony Eden Of Britain renewed his
offer to mediate the dispute, and
stuck by his contention there must
be some compromise. Under ques-
tioning from his political opposition
in Parliament, Mr.. Eden suggested
that possibly the compromise could
involve an end to the Israel block
ade by Egypt In return for an ac-
ceptance Of Arab refugees by Israel.
Britain fears that the Arab-Israel
dispute win inhibit the Middle East
in facing its larger crisis-what to
do about Soviet economic penetra-
ton of the area.
Evening star., 1955-11-27
Immigration

". Amendments to the immigration end
naturalization laws TO insure thot they ore
fon and just.
The President makes an annual
request for amendment of the
McCarran- Walter immigration Act,
but has made no attempt to secure
passage of an amending bill, The
Secretary of State and Attorney
General, in fact, told a Senate COM
mittee recently the administration
has not yet completed study Of
proposals to modify the law.
Democrats started last week to
take the play away from the G. o. p.
A Senate subcommittee opened
hearings on Democratic bill to
amend the immigration law. to re-
lax its quotas and ceilings. First
witnesses all were inclined to favor
the Democratic proposal.
Evening star., 1955-11-27
ARMS RACE
U. S. Reminds World
Thut Reds Still Plot
Disaster for West

Disseminated technicians in ca
reer policymaking jobs of the Gov
ernment believe that the summer
time interlude In the cold war has
had two main results:
o President Eisenhower earnest
performance at Geneva deprived the
Soviet Union Of its fackneyed accu-
sation that the United States is q
warmonger.
o The Communists induced a
certain amount Of relaxation In the
Western coalition-not much. but
some.
Last week the United States tried
to tighten up on allied unity and
purposefulness. Officials empha-
sized the persistence Of the Soviet
menace.
Admiral Lewis L. Strauss. Acc
chairman, spearheaded the cam
paign with two announcements.
Present Menace
He pointed out the present men
ace In o Wednesday evening press
release about the Reds latest nu-
clear bomb test. This explosion
was the largest thus far In the
USSR," the release said. land was
in the range Of megatons Ia mega
ton represents the explosive equiva-
lent Of million tons of TNTl. The
Russian tests indicate an increas-
ingly intensive effort by the Soviet
government to develop their nuclear
weapons potential"
Future Menace
The future Soviet menace Mr..
Strauss stressed on Tuesday at q
meeting of top scientists in West
Orange, N. J. He warned that the
American military's cutting edge
would soon be dangerously blunted
by our shortage Of scientists and
engineers. He suggested that top
flight scientists take time out to
Evening star., 1955-11-27
Ironcurtoin

The Kremlin pair got so far with
their peace-loving blarney in Bonn
bay that Mr.. Khrushchev apparently
thought that was the time and
scene for launching another mon
strous fairy tale, this one about
tearing aside the Iron Curtain.
mo one who applied for permis-
sion to enter the Soviet Union was
refused a visa this year." Mr..
Khrushchev said. The Stars Euro
pean correspondent. Crosby s.
Eoyes. who has YEARLY been apply
ing and reapplying for visa for
the past two years, was among the
host who were astounded to read
of this.
why" Mr.. KhrushcheV went on
disingenuously. I'VE had at least II
American Senators touring Russia
this year, I believe. as well as farm
ers, newsmen and others. Does that
sound like an Iron Curtain?"
He challenged other countries to
open their frontiers las we have"
The State Department points out
that the recent looeening OF regula-
tions on travel across the Iron
Curtain has resulted In the admis-
sion Of 100 Americans into the
Soviet Union this year. There have
been 400 Russians roaming the
United States.
Thus the predictions OF the pessi-
mists have been confirmed. 1t is
clearly the Communists intention
to portray the trickIe of outsiders
allowed inside the Soviet Union as
a fiinging wide Of the iron gates.
Evening star., 1955-11-27
SOUTH ASIA
NATO Is Linked
To SEATo by Signing
Of Buqhdod METO

Premiers Of Turkey. Iraq. Iran
and Pakistan, the so-called north
ern tier nations in the Middle East.
met with British Foreign Minister
Harold Macmillan in the ancient
city OF Baghdad last week to or
ganize o permanent defense organi-
zation along the Soviet Unions
southern border. 1t was the in
augural meeting Of the Baghdad
Pact Council.
From the military standpoint, the
Baghdad pact will close ring
around the Soviet-bloc perimeter
stretching from the Baltic to the
South China Sea. Through Turkey
the Baghdad powers are linked to
NATO. and through Pakistan to
SEATO. But the military strength
of the Middle East treaty organi-
zation dubbed, inevitably, METO)
Is more form than substance That
was one reason there were great
fuln1inations Of friendship for the
United States, which no doubt will
be called on to help arm the weak
Arab nations in the center, Iran
and Iraq. and to come to their aid
If attacked.
Military representatives Of the
nve nations were reported to have
settled on q natural defense line.
It Is said to run along the Zagros
Mountains from Southeastern T,ir-
key, along the northeastern boun-
dairy OF Iraq, and then southeast
ward across South Central Iran
to Pakistan.
This line. which would leave the
northeastern desert area of Iran,
and even the capital city Of Teheran,
only lightly defended, did not meet
with much enthusiasm from Iran
ian officials In Washington. They
hope to station sizable mobile units
in the plain and desert areas along
Trans northern border, where an
invasion from the north would
logically start.
The Zagros Mountain line to the
south does form natural link with
PakiStan, however. Defenses along
the zagros range could also prob
ably stand of an enemy until Brit
ish--and possibly American--units
could be brought up to help.
just as important as the military
organization. in the opinion of For
eign Minister Macmillan and WASH
ington officials, was the economic
council set up at Baghdad last week.
Great Britain is taking the lead In
supplying technical assistance for
building nuclear power plants. The
idea is to get as much aid on the
ground as quickly as possible to
prepare each country for the shock
Of Soviet offers of economic aid.
now awaited with dread by Amer
lean and British officials.
It is not the Soviet economic aid
by itself that worries the West. of
course. 1t is the political penetra-
ton that follows.
Evening star., 1955-11-27
Natural Gas

7. A noturol Cos bill will preserve free
enterprise ond Of course provide legitimate
protection to consumers.
Senator Johnsons "of course"
will not be accepted by good many
Of his colleagues in the Senate.
Northern Democrats charged in the
last session of Congress that the
johnson natural gas bill Ito permit
the Federal Government to control
natural gas prices only after it has
entered inter- State pipelines) is just
a gimmick to make Texas gas mil
lionaires richer at the expense of
Northern consumers.
The bill was approved by the
House, 209 to 203, and was reported
favorably by a Senate committee.
Evening star., 1955-11-27
DEMOCRATS
Senate Head Comes Up
With l3-Point PIun
For Sc Legislation

Whenever the Democrats take
inventory OF their assets for the
coming political year they find they
have plenty of candidates, a basket
full of promises for the future. but
no clear-cut program of the imme-
diate past. Voters who want to
know What have you done for me
lately?" will have a hard time sep
arating Democratic good deeds
from Republican gifts.
Lyndon johnson, Democratic
leader in the Senate set about
remedying that defect last week. He
laid out a legislative program for
the coming year which was de-
signed TO be distinctive, Demo-
cratic and from the heart"
If the Democratic controlled
Congress votes good share of the
program into law in the coming
year--as seemed entirely possible
to many observers - Democratic
campaigners will have something at
which to point with political pride.
A good bit of the program is a
bald attempt TO take the play away
from the Eisenhower administration
(the administration. of course,
gained possession in many instances
by appropriating basic programs
from previous Democratic regimesl !.
But the Democrats. If Mr.. johnson
has his say, will spend more money
and will angle benefits more toward
consumers and toward low-income
groups.
For instance, the Republicans
had a school construction program
in the last session of Congress, but
1t was relatively small and was
based on Federal loans TO poor
school districts. Senator johnson
apparently wants a larger program
based on Federal grants to all
districts.
There are a few nettles in the
legislative bouquet, such as a
natural gas bill. which could split
the Democrats and a throw-back
farm program. But on the whole all
the outstanding Democratic candi-
dates and crypto-candidates can
accept the bundle. It is sufficiently
middle -the-road to suit Adlai
Stevenson. but contains enough
New Deal legislation to please
Ayerell Hartman, who criticized
MIR. Stevenson last week for his
moderate" position.
Following is a rundown of the
johnson program, with Senator
Johnson's words in bold type:
Evening star., 1955-11-27

This applies even more painfully
to India. where the happy, carefree
Kremlin duumvirate of Khrushchev
and Bulganin were talking peace
and industrialization across the
length and breadth Of the land last
week.
Soviet Foreign Office leaders, in
cluding poker-faced Andrei Gro
myko, began sessions with their In
dian counterparts in New Delhi last
week about specific investments the
Russians can make in India. The
Reds have already offered power
stations, hydro installations, indus
trial enterprises and peaceful appli-
cations Of atomic energy. Five min
ing experts have arrived to help
prospect for oil and nonferrous
metals.
The Communists also are encour-
aging an expansion Of trade be-
tween the two countries.
Bombay COMMUNISTS embarrassed
their Kremlin big brothers by par
ticipating in a riot the day before
Khrushchev and Bulganin began
their two-day visit in the city. The
Reds-along with other parties
we're demonstrating against re-
ported plans TO leave Bombay intact
and bilingual. rather than divide it
into two parts along linguistic lines.
There we're no mob scenes when
Bulganin and Khrushchev arrived,
however. Quite the contrary. Bom-
bay State Gov. Harekrushna
Mahtab told the Moscow leaders:
That your country stands firmly
for peace Is not questioned seriously
In any quarter" Obviously the
Evening star., 1955-11-27
Poll Tax

II. A constitutional amendment elimi-
mating the poll tux.
The poll tax has not been an
active issue for some years in Con-
gress. Few States use the tax any
more as a weapon to prevent
Negroes from voting. Furthermore.
a constitutional amendment is al
ways a difficult thing to swing:
NorthernerS want to end the poll
tax through a simple Federal law.
All those things taken into con-
sideration, Plank IL of the johnson
platform seems rather small.