Evening star., 1955-01-16
BY Riehord FykIund

"
After several years Of being q
global whipping boy, the United Ma
tions Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCOl
finally seems to be moving into the
clear.
It has been attacked in this coun-
try as subversive tthe first such att
tack. ..curiously enough, was from the
head OF an organization which itself
was cited BY the Justice Department
as subversivea and has been attacked
In Communist countries as d tool of
the United States policy Of agrees
sion"
In addition, it has been criticized
vigorously from more responsible
quarters for its head 1.-the -clouds
attitude toward its mission.
UNESCO is an international or
ganizatiop affiliated with the United
Nations. II is not part Of the U. ~,
but any y. N member can take part.
Countries outside the U. N. can join
If UNESCO nations approve their
applications. At present 73 nations
are UNESCO members. It's purpose
is to promote peace and security"
by exchanging information on edu-
cation, science and culture.
Education Stressed
Education so far has been its big
gest field. UNESCO wants better
schools where schools are poor. Par
ticularly 1t encourages member ma
tions to teach youngsters about the
world around them.
On It's i11eager annual budget Of
so million, UNESCO cannot remake
the world, but it has launched some
pretty exciting projects:
. In Ceylcn 1t sponsored . chil-
dren's rice-growing project which
showed the grownups how modern
methods can triple rice production.
. In the Philippines UNESCO de-
yeloped o "fiye-dollar laboratory"
which can be used to teach science
where expensive equipment is not
available
. In Colombia UNESCo is working
with q Catholic priest to teach by
radio, thus reaching natives In 5000
villages.
. UNESCO anticipated President
Eisenhower's atoms for peace pro-
& gram by setting up q nuclear re-
search clearing house In Geneva.
. And now, UNESCo -ordinated
research on farming in desert areas
is reaping benefits for arid regions In
this country and abroad.
The srchitectsof uNEScO thought
that such low-cost do-goodism would
meet with ready world approval.
They did not reckon with the Conn
munists, however. nor with Amer
lean foes Of Wendell Wilkes "one
world
Disiilusionment first set In when
Russia declined to take part. Then
when the Reds openly moved into
power In Poland, Hungary and
Czechoslovakia, the Kremlin forced
those countries to withdraw from
UNESCO. That left UNESCO with
out any Communist members with
the exception Of Titoist Yugoslayial
and signaled the start Of o vicious
series Of Red attacks on the organi-
zation.
Then in 1851, while UNESCO was
stiIl lodging brickbats from the
Communists, an organization called
the American Flag Committee, In
Philadelphia, published q report
stating fiatly that UNESCO "is q
subversive association"
one-Mon Committee
Al check into the American Flag
Committee showed It to Be pretty
much q one-man organization. the
one man being w. Henry MacFar-
land, II. Mr.. MacFarland was the
same Individual who headed q group
called the Nationalist Action League
which was cited by the Attorney
General In 1919 IS being q subver-
sive, fascist organization.
Mr.. Mcfarland Is . well-known
member OF the hate -alrnost-every-
body fringe. He has been active, &C
cordine 70 the House Un-American
Activities conEnittee's recent report