davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
Uncle Sans BoIIyhoo Artists
Gone Are the Days When information Was Free to All
Today Proetiee Is to Leak It to Friendly Newsrnen

argues that he can look it UP
himself in the Army register,
the answer is I'm not going
to stick my neck out and get
into trouble"
Unlike today's suspicious at
titudes. there were in the late
30s no fair haired boys"
among correspondents on the
Washington beat, In the sense
that certain reporters were
favored and others looked upon
with dislike because of the po-
litical opinions Of the reporter
or his paper. The handout sys-
TEN Of dispensing canned and
cleaned-up news was hardly
beginning to be the mammoth
device for the suppression of
news 1t is today.
In Washington today a
reporter is mathematically
rated" by some public rela-
tions moguls on percentage
basis. that is. by what percent.
age of his writings has been
favorable t. the chief involved.
If his percentage is poor. he
must be taken into camp some
how and made less antago-
nlstic. II he has been reason
ably favorable in the past in
his stories, he can be over
looked unless he kicks over the
traces. If he's an about sup
porter of the bureaucrat, then
he is rewarded from time to
time with beats" on some i'm
portant story.
The private dinner party for
selected newsmen, at which
some top wheel spilled the
beans for his own purposes,
was virtually unknown. Henry
L. Stimson, while Secretary of
State in the Hoover admins
tration, organized by necessity
weekly afternoon teas at his
private residence when tension
mounted after the Japanese
invasion of Manchuria. His
reasoning was that regular
State Department press con-
ferences were attended by
many foreign newsmen, Japa-
nese among them, and he had
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08

been the timing rather than
the content that accounted for
the quite fantastic reception it
received. There were requests
for hundreds of thousands of
copies. and it was recorded
and re-recorded, and played,
afterward, in England, also,
over and over again even in
shelters during the Blitz.
Churchill himself had heard
it and because of that invited
me to Chequers, the Prime
Minister'S country seat, when
I arrived in England, a few
months later, and Britain was
still standing alone.
We walked up and down in
the garden, he in the shelter
suit that was his familiar uni
form during the war. and I
said ! thought he was a very
great man.
THAT depends on who writes
the history" he answered. "If
we win this war my country
may think well Of me, but If
we lose 1t will be held &C
countable for the fall Of the
British Empire"
How do you expect to win
it?" I asked.
That question has not yet
crossed my mind. I am pres
emily concerned only with how
not to lose it. And we shall
lose it, you know, unless you
come inland with all you
have" Then, after a pause,
But II we lose it--ages from
now new states will be founded
on Anglo-Saxon principles, be-
cause we shall be remembered"
This seemed to me the SUI
preme courage-to look into
the abyss without falling into
1t. Britain did not lose the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
Constontine Brown

Reporters who covered the
national scene from Washing
ton before the outbreak of
World War II look back long
ingly to those days when
they enjoyed the complete
confidence of top authorities
without quid pro quo. That
confidence was seldom abused.
In those days information Of
f1cers dispensed information;
nowadays there are too many
public relations functionaries
whose job is to extol their
bosses. Those were the days
before the military-bor "eyes
only: top secret; secret: con-
fidential; restricted; Official use
only" stamps appeared on all
manner of public documents.
What was really secret was
kept secret and that ended
the matter-there were no
abuses Of security" restric-
tons to cover up stupidity and
plumbers.
In those happy days the
Pentagon had not yet been
erected. The Army and State
Departments were housed in
the same massive granite
building across from the White
House. A reporter could breeze
into the Offices of high-rank-
ing officers and in an informal
chat obtain alr the informa-
ton necessary to serve his
function of reporting the news.
Military Intelligence was
housed in the Widener Build
ing, across the street from
State. War and Navy. All the
reporter had to do to find out.
say. the military strength of
Czechoslovakia was to walk
into the CO European section,
ask Bill or Harry about it. and
Bill or Harry would pull a file
out Of a drawer and tell him.
All these happy days are
long since gone. Even such
minor details as the age of a
top-ranking officer cannot be
revealed without involving
clearance" If the reporter
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
LIFE IN THE u. S.
Old Engines
Need Push
To Junk Pile

DUPO, ILL.,, April 8 (P.-The
final trip of the last II steam
locomotives in service on the
Missouri Pacific Railroad ended
last night in a humiliating man.
ner. They were unable to make
it under their own power.
The funeral journey started at
Bush, ILL.,, l12 miles to the south,
with two Of the old locomotives
pulling the other nine.
Their speed was cut to 3 to 5
miles an hour when one engine
developed "hot cylinder" One
Of the double-header locomotives
exhausted its water supply. The
coal supply. too, was almost gone.
A call was sent out for help,
and a sleek diesel locomotive
came to the rescue. 1t pulled the
II weary steamers the final few
miles to a junk yard here where
they will be cut up for scrap.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
Ex-Trusty Remembers

ARCADIA, Calf. (R.-A city
jail prisoner escaped from police
custody a week ago. He may be
gone, but he hasn't forgotten.
Arcadia police received a post
card from their ex-prisoner yes
terday from Junrtion City. Greg,
thanking the department for the
way he was treated and saying:
Il am restless and have a desire
to rove around. Maybe will drift
through there again some day
and wish I had not"
Officers said the prisoner, Ed.
ward J. Ferguson. 81. was a trusty
and walked of a painting job
at the local Jail. He still had 30
days to serve on a drunk charge.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08

war, and Churchill wrote its
history and received the Nobel
Prize for literature. But Brit
ain did not win it, either,
when the books of gain and
loss are totted up: Much of the
Empire gone: the vast over
seas financial reserves ex-
pended; and in the West the
leadership passed to the United
States, which also made no
gains. Only Stain won the
war with a vast extension of
empire, and the position to
push further. And still there
is no peace.
That is what makes me sad
dest in contemplating the re-
tirement of the man who as
sumed the intolerable burden
when he was. even then, no
longer young.
He wanted to be remem-
bered, not only as a great war
minister, but as the man who
found the way out of the di
lemmas that bar the way to
peace. That last bright star
in the many studded crown of
honors eluded him. He does
not close his days enjoying his
garden. in a world that is for
ever free of war-man's con-
slant hope, perhaps his grand
illusion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
Eden Likes Secret Diplomacy
New Premier Expected to Work on w. S. THROUGH
Canada and Approach China Through Nehru

can be expected to stick to the
rules. Though he is now the
summit, he win not press for
meetings at the summit, as
Mr.. Churchill did. unless the
groundwork has been care
fully and properly laid.
He has already been NOV
ing in the direction of a more
independent position. This is
dictated both { by the require
ments of domestic politics and
by Britain's leadership of the
Commonwealth nations, of
which neutralist India is the
most important Asian member.
With his domestic problems,
the President and Secretary
OF State Dulles ought to be
able to sympathize fully. The
British left. which is Mr..
Eden's opposition, is as ada
manly opposed to anything
resembling war for Formosa as
the Republican right here is
to backing down on Quemoy,
Matsu and Formosa.
Mr.. Eden actually has less
room to maneuver. The left
position is the popular one in
Britain and with the Com
monwealth nations. The re-
cent wave Of antiwar senti-
ment touched off by the pub
licity on Admiral Carney's re-
marks to the press shows that
the G. o. P. right is still a
minority here.
The new Prime Minister is
thoroughly aware that he can
not carry the authority his
half-American predecessor did
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
w NeWSnnen

things he wanted the Ameri-
can public to know without
distortion. Mr.. Stimson spoke
freely and candidly. with the
understanding that he was not
to be quoted or the stories at
tributed to him or to the State
Department.
Unlike the recent dinner
meeting between Admiral Rob-
ert Carney and q selected
group of newsmen. Mr.. Slim
sons teas included no reporters
attempting to take shorthand
notes for later use In pinning
a story on a high official,
source. But many newsmen re-
jected even Mr.. Stimson's teas
and refused to attend, con-
tending that anything said by
a public official was in the
public domain. These men re.
fused to accept any "off-the-.
record disclosures and stayed
away from the sessions. But
this reporter can recall only
one instance of outright vio-
lation of confidence, and the
man involved personally apollo
gized to the Secretary for his
indiscretion- and the matter
was closed.
The press conferences" Of
today are dull affairs. and
often produce no news unless
the boss makes a slip and in
advertently reveals something
worthwhile. Real information
is usually leaked" out to ia
vored journalists. Sometimes
underlings in an executive de-
partment can leak" informa-
ton calculated to discredit an
individual-an example Is the
recent unfavorable press re-,
ceived by Mrs. Frances Knight.
named to succeed Mrs. Ruth
Shipley as chief Of the State
Departments passport divi-
sion. BY this means few
strategically placed public re-
lations men in the department.
attempted to wreck the career
of Mrs. Knight, a patriotic and
loyal Government servant for
more than II years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
Fletcher KnebeI-
Potomac Fever

100000 bank holdup New York would have
happened Democratic administration AL the holdup
would have been ganfy employed Internal Revenue
collectors.
Senator Joe Mccarthy is meowing. This he only
Foreign Aid Boss Harold Stasn Of crime at time
The FBI it tapping fewer than $50 telephones One
the would the phone when she calls
her hsbandso she could be somebody listening her
say that Adai Stevenson will have to fight for
the nomination The last time Adai he had them in stitches
and the wounds haven't healed yet
The best proof that Ike has lot in with the
American is the fact that polls show he popular
than the Republican Party.
General Rdgway decides accept e's cuts in Army
without further protest But Rdgway has piece of
this West Point graduates Get airpane
lucky Harold Sassen boss of Foreign Aid Judging by
the lack he's getting from the Eisenhower team in his
fight with Senate committee foreign aid about the only kind
Stassen get.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08

Capt. Puleston tells how a
secret memorandum by Harry
Hopkins was circulated among
the American delegates to the
Moscow conference in October.
1913. He quotes Robert e.
Sherwood. biographer Of Hop
kins. as saying this document
was of great Importance be-
cause it shaped the policy
which guided American dele
gates making decisions at
Teheran and Yalta. Hopkins
claimed that his memorandum
of l943 was taken from a very
high-level United States mill
tary strategic estimate" The
text of the document follows:
Russia's postwar position in
Europe will be dominant one.
With Germany crushed, there
is no power in Europe to OPP
pose ner tremendous military
forces. 1t is true that Great
Britain is building up a posi-
ton in the Mediterranean Wis
avis Russia that she may find
useful in balancing power in
Europe. However, even here
she may not be able to oppose
Russia unless she is otherwise
supported.
1.-THE conclusions from the
foregoing are obvious. Since
Russia is the decisive factor in
the war. she must be given
every assistance and every eff
fort made to obtain her friend
ship. Likewise. since without
question she will dominate
Europe on the defeat of the
Axis, it is even more essential
to develop and maintain the
most friendly relations with
Russia.
Finally. the most impor-
tant factor the United States
has to consider in relation to
Russia is the prosecution of
the war in the Pacific. With
Russia as an ally in the war
against Japan, the war can be
terminated in less time and at
less expense in life and re-
sources than If the reverse
were the case. Should the
war in the Pacific have to
be carried on with an un-
friendly or a negative attitude
on the part of Russia, the diff
ficulties will be UNNECESSARILY
increased and operations
might become abortive."
Yet, just before this mem
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
Doris FIeeson-

Americans now know how
the British felt in l945 when
their great and good friend,
Franklin Roosevelt, was sud-
denly succeeded as United
States President by a man so
different from him, who was
to Britain an unknown guam
tity. Actually Americans know
Anthony Eden better than the
British knew Harry 8. Tru-
man on the day Of Roosevelt's
death.
President Truman took up
with Winston Churchill where
Roosevelt had left off. The
personal intimacy between the
two heads of state could not
be the same but there was no
break in the Anglo-American
partnership.
President Eisenhower will
repeat the pattern with Mr..
Churchill's successor as Prime
Minister. Nor can there be any
doubt that Prime Minister
Eden accepts the old partner
ship as the cornerstone of his
policy. The powerful Church.
i'll personality and his extraor-
binary eloquence have OBJ
scured for this country the
fact that for more than 10
years Mr.. Eden has been For
eign Secretary and the actual
foreign-policy operations have
been his handiwork.
Washington is prepared for
differences in personality and
methods.
Mr.. Eden is a career diplo-
mat, not an individualist. He
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
Dorothy Thompson
Dorothy Thompson
ChurchiII's Supreme COURAGE
On the Darkest Days in l940, This Man Could Peer
Into the Abyss-ond Yet Without FuI!na Into Il

In the early summer Of 1910.
after the fall of France, I was
asked by the Canadian Broad
casting Corp. whether I would
come to Montreal and speak
some encouraging words to the
people of Canada. Under
Churchill's leadership Great
Britain and the Commonwealth
were standing alone against
the formidable German armies
which had subdued in less than,
three months the whole Of
Western Europe, protected in
their rear by a beneflcently
neutral Soviet Union. whose
leader, Stain, had congratu-
lated Hitler upon his trium-
plant entrance into Paris.
It was a black hour for the
British and Canadians, and a
difficult assignment for an
American citizen whose coun-
try was still neutral and whose
President had promised never
to send American troops over
seas.
I could not speak Of what
America might do. although
that was what Canadians
wanted to hear, but I felt
deeply for the people Of our
neighboring country, which is
dear and familiar to me.
So I spoke of two men: OF
one who was the embodiment
of misery. destruction, and
death, Adolf Hitler, and Of one
who was the embodiment of
sunshine. life. and soy. Church.
Ill. ] paid my tribute to him
then, and ended with prayer
that he might live to return
to his garden in a world that
was forever free of war.
I suppose 1t was an eloquent
little talk. though 1t must have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08

orandum was taken to Moscow
by Harry Hopkins. an entirely
different military estimate
was being made in writing. as
the records will show, by top
officers in the Navy Depart
ment. Capt. Puleston was one
of these. He writes in his
book:
Many naval officers in
Washington did not agree
with Hopkins document. Most
Of them were convinced that
Russia needed the support Of
the United Nations more than
they (the allies needed that
of Russia. The Navy thought
we had heard too much of
Red contribution to victory
and too little of Anglo-Amer-
lean. They feared that if the
Anglo American representa-
tives continued to extol. Rus
sia's effort and apologize for
their own, Stain would de-
mand more and more conces-
sions. They proposed to tell
the Kremlin that we would
not attempt to impose on
them but would not be stupid
enough to let Russia impose
upon u.s."
Capt. Puleston says the
Hopkins memorandum was
"defeatist." Why did Roose-
welt trust Stains promises,
asks the naval historian, espe-
cially since Gen. Deane, Army
representative at Moscow, re
ported to Washington just
prior to the Yalta Conference
that a Russian agreement in
principle means exactly moth
ing-they are generous in CIV
ing such agreements"
The detailed story of the
pressure in Washington on the
Roosevelt administration not
to grant concessions to Soviet
Russia and of the leverage
which the United States had
on Moscow because of the
need for Americas lend-lease
supplies in the critical months
just after the Yalta Confer
ence has yet to be revealed.
Likewise. America had the
atom bomb in store in 1945
and it is, therefore. surprising
that a big alibi now is inter-
jected which says that no
other course except surrender
was possible at Yalta.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
Influence Of Hopkins at YoIto
Navy Historian Says Roosevelt Adopted an Attitude
That Was Defeotist and Thus Came Out Short
Dovid Lowrence-

There's evidently going to
be a revival of interest from
now on in what took place
behind the scenes in Wash
ington during World War II.
That's because efforts are
being made to argue that such
mistakes as were made by
President Roosevelt at Yalta
were due to a feeling that
concessions were necessary to
bring Soviet Russia into the
war against Japan. It is being
commended, for instance, that
MIR. Roosevelt had no other
course open to him and that
nothing else could be done but
to kowtow to Russian de-
mands.
The other side of the story
is coming out. Thus. Capt.
w. D. Puleston, USN (Ret.),
who has spent nearly all his
time since 1945 writing a book
called "The Influence of Force
on Foreign Relations" has had
access to official records and
has painstakingly interviewed
many of the persons who held
top positions in Americas
military establishment during
the war. Capt. Puleston is a
writer on military subjects
and the author of several
books.
Capt. Puleston says there
was no need to make conces-
sions to Soviet Russia and
that the late Harry Hopkins.
intimate friend of Mr.. Roose-
welt, was the center of a pro-
Russian atmosphere in Wash
ington. Apropos of what was
happening in the inner coun-
ellis. the late Secretary Forces
tai is quoted as having written
to a friend in September, 1914,
that IF any American suggests
that we act in accord with
our own interests, he is apt
to be called a Fascist or
imperialist, while if Uncle
Joe (Stalin) suggests that he
needs the Baltic provinces.
half Of Poland. all of Bessa-
rabia and access to the Medi-
terranean. all hands in Wash
ington agree that he is a fine,
frank, candid and generally
delightful fellow who is very
easy to deal with because he
is so explicit in what he
wants"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08

in this country. The Eden
touch is seen in the manner in
which Canada. our next-door
neighbor, has moved forward
to warn against war for Que
moy and Matsu.
1t is all too easily possible
to asSail India for lack of un-
Outstanding and even hostility.
No such argos can be
brought against the North
American member of the Brit
ish Commonwealth.
Mr.. Eden is expected to work
through Canada on the United
States. Through Nehru he
hopes to approach Red China.
He believes in secret diplomacy
of this kind as "the art of the
possible"
His methods are certain to
be attacked here as they
emerge more clearly. Yet it
will be a source of strength
that his record on Russia is
clear. The Yalta papers dis
close that he had warned
against. offering a high price
for Soviet participation in the
war against Japan.
What will not help him when
the Mccarthy sector moves in
is something not really his
fault. Like Dean Acheson, he
looks like a diplomat and he
wears striped pants as if he
belonged in them. The day will
probably come when Mr.. Eden
will wish that he. too, was fat
and cherubic. looking at home
in a siren suit.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
Luborer's Fortune

RACINE. Wis. (P.-A lonely,
obscure laborer. about whom
even his closest friends knew
little, was disclosed yesterday to
have left more than $4,000.
Seven thousand dollars Of it was
found in a paper bag stuffed in a
trunk. the rest in bank deposits
and bonds.
The laborer. Constance Barra,
81, an Italian immigrant. was
found dead of a heart attack in
his barely furnished room above
q tavern. Police believe he may
have a brother working in a
Southern Illinois coal mine.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
5-Foot-2 Heroine

DETROIT up. - Six-foot-
four-inch John Church, 203-
pound math teacher, was fished
from the bottom of the Durfee
intermediate swimming pool
yesterday by 5-foot-2 Ann
Braverman. a fellow teacher.
MIR. Church blacked out and
sank while taking a dip. Miss
Braverman, a gym teacher,
spotted him. hauled him to the
surface and lifted him over the
pool edge where he was revived
by artificial respiration.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
Yeggs Return Truck

NORFOLK, Va. (R. Safe
crackers, working strictly within
their classification, stole a safe
from a Broad street service sta
ton and borrowed a station
truck To haul it away. They re-
turned the truck after looting
the safe Of $40 and leaving it on
the city dump.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-08
Automobile Incident

MEDFIELD. Mass. (P). -
Ernest Simpson opened the
hood of his pickup truck when
it wouldn't start yesterday
and found an apparently dead
rooster.
He removed the rooster and
the engine started up. A few
moments later the rooster also
revived.
Evening star., 1955-01-30
The Lody Likes To Go To Prison CONTINUED

concentration conducting hear
ings. then grabs a cup of coffee
and dashes to catch a plane to
the next town on her list.
Complex cases she brings home
with her for further considera-
tion and study. The knottiest
problem facing board members.
says the blue-eyed. gray haired
parole judge. Is that Of judging
the precise time a prisoner Is
ready mentally to return to
society. AS for the success of
parole, she notes: I'm the last
five years. 81 per cent Of the
inmates released from Federal
institutions completed their
parole period successfully-and
one-third Of those who failed
violated parole regulations and
had not committed new crimes"
Mrs. Lee. q law graduate Of
the University Of California at
Berkeley, was q trial lawyer
for 20 years (19 Of them In
Portland) until 1943. when she
became Portland's public util-
tiles commissioner. a post she
held until becoming Mayor.
While practicing law, she was
In tho Oregon Legislature. serv-
In the House in 1929-32. then
in the Senate for II years.
Also, she has been chairman
of the Oregon Crime Commis-
sion. served on the Portland
Traffic Safety Commission and
was municipal Judge Of Port
land in 1910. In l949 she was
voted the outstanding woman
In the field Of government by
the Women's National Press
Club.
Mrs. Lee first became inter-
ested in government while
watching Congress debate
woman's suffrage when she was
only 13, living here for time
while her father was assistant
surgeon general Of the Navy