davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-06-03
Officials Study
Decision on
School Bonds
No Drastic Cut in
Construction Near
D. c. Expected

were weighing a decision In
Hanover Circuit Court that
threatened legality Of some
school construction bond issues.
Circuit Judge Leon Bazile
ruled yesterday that funds be-
fore the Supreme Courts deci-
sion Of May. 1854. holding seq.
regation Illegal cannot be spent
State officials said that at least
A bond issues were approved be-
tween January. 1850. and No
vember. 1858. They had no
comment on the effect of Judge
Bazile's ruling pending further
study.
In areas near Washington,
school officials also declined Of
fetal comment but indicated
they expected no drastic curtail-
ment Of construction programs,
Situation Elsewhere
In Arlington, almost all Of an
$8,280. 900 bond issue approved
in 1852 has been spent. A sim
liar situation exists in Alex
andria,. where the Francis
Hammond High School is being
completed with bond funds
voted by the City Council.
Fairfax County is nearing the
end of an $11 million bond pro-
gram approvtd by the voters in
1858. A school administration
spokesman said all Of this money
has been spent or committed.
except for two planned ele-
mentary schools.
Falls Church voters approved
a 1891 900 construction program
since the Supreme Courts 1854
decision.
Critical Of Ruling
Judge Brazile was sharply crit
ical Of the Supreme Court in his
ruling. He declared that COM
plete socialization Of the races.
something more than mere nom
segregated education, is tie OBJ
ject Of the Supreme Court so far
as it can coerce the States.
THAT" he said in his 21-page
opinion. ''is the real underlying
purpose of the political opinion
rendered by the Supreme Court
In Brown versus the Board OF
Education Of Topeka. one Of the
five cases on which the court
ruled May II, 1854, and that is
the real objective Of the pSychol-
ogists whose opinions the SUI
preme Court regards more highly
than the ablest and soundest
opinions Of its great predecessors"
At Farmville. Va, the govern
ing body Of the county that sent
Virginia's school segregation case
to the Supreme Court-and lost
held fast to the contention 1t
would finance public schools only
If the races are kept separate.
Prince Edward County's Board
Of Supervisors met yesterday and
reaffrmed the surprise action of
Tuesday night when the six
members unanimously rejected
the school board budget and
approved one that was shorn OF
funds for school operation.
"The board has met and acted
and it (the budget) is a matter
Of record" said Chairman Ed
ward A. Carter at the end Of
meeting devoted almost entirely
to routine county business.
Not Matter Of Anger
We're not mad at anybody,
commented Supervisor Jack @.
Bruce later. 1--WE simply feel the
majority Of our citizens want
to continue separate schools. I
believe II Prince Edward County
operates a school system next
term. 1t win be only If the races
are kept separate"
State Senator Garland Gray.
chairman of Gov. Stanley's 32-
member commission on public
education. conferred at Rich
mond with the groups attorney,
David Mays, and called o meet
ing to be held at the Capitol
Wednesday.
Evening star., 1955-06-03
Gurden Tour Listed

Four homes and q church in
King George County. Va, will
be open to the public from II
am. to 4::30 pm. tomorrow dur
ing a garden tour to benefit the
organ fund of st. Paul's Church.
Evening star., 1955-06-03

their privacy. are real Washing
ton area residents.
There are many others like
them whom a camp vacation
would benefit. win you help?
The following contributions
are acknowledged today:
nra,,io,,eIx, onbya0xyIa6nad
Evening star., 1955-05-26
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Moscow Tokyo Treaty signing Session
In London June Being Overlooked

States and grateful for the
assistance we have given its
people, is not likely to make
such demands after the treaty
with the USSR is signed,
because it realizes that in the
end this would be against
Japan's security interests.
But the life of japanese gov
ernments is about as brittle
as that of the French. Any
so-called popular winds" can
blow them out of Office and
the successor may have to bow
to the will of the people who
have gained their political in
dependence only in the last
few years.
What seems to worry our
government at present is the
report that the infamous
"Sorge gang" has made its
temperance in Japan and is
active in the same manner it
was in the few years which
preceded the attack on oearl
Harbor.
Richard Sorge was one of
the Shrewdest and most insidi-
Gus Soviet agents. He was a
German attache to the en-
bassy at Tokyo and outwardly
was a ferocious Nazi. But he
did Russia's work better than
most Soviet spies. He infil-
trated the highest places of
the japanese government and
is credited with having influ-
enced. through his highly
placed Japanese contacts, the
decision of the Tokyo govern
ment to attack the United
States at Pearl Harbor. This
served Russia's purposes bet
ter, since it eliminated the
possibility of japanese ag-
gression against Siberia. at a
time when the Russians were
fighting the Nazis with their
backs against the wall.
Sorge was caught by the
japanese police, together with
Evening star., 1955-05-26

What Do We Mean by Tension?

being developed in Europe. He
didn't say he favored it, and
it was obvious he was describ-
ing Russia's latest tactic. But,
instead of revising carefully
and amplifying the comment
before authorizing a quotation.
the White House was again at
the mercy of the reporters,
who without making further
efforts to get the real meaning
telegraphed around the world
an ambiguous statement that
disturbed Germany. 1t gave
the impression America agreed
with or was sponsoring the
Russian proposal.
So the American Government,
through Secretary Dulles, two
days later had to reassure the
German ambassador that moth
ing of the kind was intended
as. of course, a careful read
ing of the transcript of the
press conference would show.
Meanwhile. the correspondents
in Bonn had telegraphed to
their newspapers abroad that
Adenauer was in a panic and
was calling his ambassadors
home for a conference on ac-
count of the supposedly dan
gerous trend in America to-
ward an abandonment of Ger
many
This doesn't add up to a
diminution of tension" The
press has insisted on off the
cuff press conferences. and the
White House has been afraid
to edit transcripts for fear of
seeing more stories emphasiZ-
ing what was edited out or
added. Sometimes one wonders
to what extent exaggerated
ideas of the hour-by-hour
needs of the press are respon-
sible for much Of the trouble
between nations and for many
of the opportunities the Com
munists are given to exploit
differences between the West
ern allies. Diplomacy should
report to the people, but a
President of the United States
ought not to be expected to
deal with world problems in
impromptu press conferences
without a chance for serious
study with his Secretary Of
State. For every word spoken
at the White House can and
does produce a chain reaction
around the world.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1955-05-26

The Importance of the meet
ing of the japanese and Soviet
representatives in London on
June / to sign a peace treaty
and thus end the technical
state of war between the two
countries is being overlooked
under the avalanche of reports
about the proposed Big Four
conference. Yet Far Eastern
specialists consider the London
parleys highly significant be-
cause of the impact they may
have on the Far East.
1t is not yet known what the
Russian maneuvers to breach
the tenuous Japanese attach
ments to the West-and par
ticularly to the United States
will be. We know, of course.
that the Japanese economy
hopes to recover fully and
speedily through direct and
important exchanges not only
with the U. S. S. R.. but also
with Communist China. The
inconsequential nomic
agreements which exist at
present may be greatly en-
larged. The important thing
as far as we are concerned is
what territorial deals will the
USSR offer the japanese
Empire. According to some re-
ports which cannot be verified,
the Soviet delegates may offer
the return to Japan of few
of the Kurile Islands situated
in the immediate vicinity of
Hokkaido. They are not likely
to do this out of the goodness
of the Kremlin's heart, but to
set an example and instigate
a popular demand that the
United States release, in turn,
some of the Ryukyu Islands.
including Okinawa, where our
principal air base in the West
ern Pacific is situated.
The japanese Government,
which is friendly to the United
Evening star., 1955-05-26
They Fear Political Consequences
If Party Misses Strong Record

Party in Congress is con-
trolled and managed by its
Southern wing.
Usually the Southerners
are dominant in control of
the party in Congress. That
is nothing new. But. in the
20 years up to 1858, the party
leader was in the White
House, and the rank and file
of the party all over the
country could look to him to
push their interests in Con-
gress and to keep somewhat
of a check-rein-though often
not much-on the Southern
ers who occupied the chief
posts of power. These posts
were a monopoly they enjoyed
and still do-because of
the seniority rule.
But, now for the first time
in 20 years, the non-South
wing of the party does not
have a leader in the White
House to protect its interests.
The party leader to whom
they would naturally look,
their last presidential can
didate, in this case Adlai Ste
venson, is on the outside" and
is not invited to speak for the
great rank and file of the
party whom he comes much
closer to representing than
the little handful of Southern
leaders here.
Party policy is being di-
rected and the party record
is being made largely by the
Southern leadership, That,
of course, represents a minor
Evening star., 1955-05-26
Press Indicted for Spreading lmpromptu
Remarks by President on Vital Issues
DAVID LAWRENCE

LONDON. May 26. - Now
that the British election cam
paign is over. this part of the
world and maybe America.
too. can turn from illusions
and wishful thinking to real
tiles. For there is no ques-
ton that the build-up of the
last several months toward
the contest for control OF
Parliament has colored the
pronouncements Of policy
with an eagerness to convey
the impression that peace was
Just around the corner.
So much has been written
in the editorials of the news
papers here about possible
relaxation of tension" that
1t has become daily bromide
designed to make the people
believe that by more talk and
by four power conferences
something tangible is being
accomplished. The other day
in Paris, when this CORE
spondent asked Charles E.
Bohlen, American Ambassador
to Soviet Russia, whether he
noticed any relaxation OF
tension, he smiled and coun-
tered with a question of his
own: what do you mean by
-ension'?"
This query seems to me to
be quite penetrating. For aft
erward, as I began to Won
der how one does measure
the increase or decrease of
tension in the world, it seemed
to me that it all depends on
whether unpleasant truths are
faced or the facts are CLOSED
over, as, for instance. in
political campaign like this
one in the preliminary stages
of our own campaign of 1855.
The worldwide situation has
in it just as many factors of
danger as it had in June, 1850.
when the aggressors broke
loose in Korea. BY the use Of
the phrases cold war" and
"hot war" many people are
given the impression that AS
long as the cold war" stays
cold there cannot be any hot
war" and that hence peace is
here and likely to stay. But
a careful look around the
Evening star., 1955-05-26
DORIS FLEESON
Burke-Rodford Move Gives 'Ex-RebeIs'
2Out of a Votes Among Joint Chiefs

The situation in the Penta-
gon is becoming a little con-
fusing.
The Fancy Dams" who led
the revolt of the admirals
against the Air Forces B-36
bombers in 1949 are riding
high. Theirs was one of the
most dramatic floutings of ci-
william authority seen here and
it had to be ironed out by a
congressional committee.
Their new honors come from
an administration which has
made a fetish of team play
and has centralized control
over military news in the Office
of the civilian Secretary of De-
fense. This was viewed as an
implied rebuke to the services
for fighting their battles in
the newspapers.
President Eisenhower has
jumped Rear Admiral Arleigh
Burke. the tactical genius of
the revolt, over 90 fellow line
officers of higher rank, to be
Chief of Naval Operations. He
succeeds the man who came
to dinner. Admiral Carney.
At the same time. the Pres
ident renominated Admiral
Arthur Radford for a new
two-year term as Chairman of
the Joints Chiefs. This gives
the former rebels two out of
four votes on the Nations top
military strategy board.
It was Admiral Radford who
refused to agree to the effort
Of the then Navy Secretary
Matthews to limit the con-
gressional B-36 hearings to
the story of the Navy's diff
culties. Admiral Radford in
sisted and got a debate on
Evening star., 1955-05-26

carrier versus land-based avi
alton.
The displaced CNO, Admiral
Carney. had also drawn an i'm
piled Eisenhower rebuke when
his name became known as the
author of a prediction that
the Chinese Reds might at
tack Quemoy and Matsu in
mid-April. The admiral got
a good deal of sympathy on
that one.
He was addressing a private
dinner of reporters who were
supposed to protect their
source of information. Several
of them, as a war scare blew
up, contended that what Ad-
miral Carney actually said had
been exaggerated.
The White House asserted
the incident had nothing to
do with the admiral's re-
placement and is able to DEM
onstrate that he coulu not
serve out another full term
before reaching retirement
age. Presidential powers in
such matters are generally
flexible, however.
1t is true that Admiral Car
ney and his immediate supe-
rior. Navy Secretary Thomas.
had not been getting along. 1t
is said, too, that the CNO up
staged the assistant secretaries.
Senators interested in the
new setup point out that the
two service chiefs Mr.. Eisen-
hover did not choose to re-
appoint are the two who ap-
peared to contest the Presi-
dents views.
Gen. Ridgway. Army Chief
of staff, who testified before
congressional committees that
the Army was overeXtended
Evening star., 1955-05-26
Soviet Lures the Japanese, Too

a number Of his principal as
sociates. He and the other
captured agents were reported
executed. But his organization
is known to have been much
wider than the narrow circle
of high Japanese officials ar
rested by the imperial secret
police.
Obviously a substantial num-
Der of the Red conspirators
have escaped detection. Some.
it now is reported, may have
escaped the vigilance Of Gen.
Douglas MacArthur's INTEL
ligence during the days of our
occupation of Japan. Others,
assisted by members of the
Soviet military representatives
in Tokyo, are believed to have
found refuge in the Kurile Is
lands, in Sakhalin. on the Chi
nese mainland. and in Siberia.
Since the end of the occu-
patton, these experienced So
Wet agents have gradually re-
turned to Japan, where they
are now discreetly but ef-
fectively back at their old jobs.
Their assignment is to work
up the nationalist spirit of the
rank and file of the Japanese
people and create an unfa-
vorable sentiment against the
governments which are de-
termined to seek the solution
of Japan's problems in Coop
Grafton with the free nations
of the West. The Japanese
Socialists and Communists
(the latter have only a limited
following) are fighting the
conservative or liberal govern
ments openly. They lack the
technique of inside inf1ltra-
ton possessed by the highly
trained remnants of the Sorge
gang, which is said to have at
its disposal impressive sums of
dollars and other hard cur
rencies. This is essential in
conspiratorial work in a coun-
try where the cost of living is
very high and even the high
est government officials are
very poorly paid.
Evening star., 1955-05-26
Pentogon Situation Confusing

and ought not to be cut, was
permitted to retire on schedule.
Gen. Maxwell Taylor has re-
placed him. The administra-
ton is successfully pressing the
Army cuts.
Now Admiral Carney, who
talked war when the Presi-
dent was pursuing peace, is
going.
Gen Twining, reappointed
as Air Force Chief Of Staff, is
due on the Hill within "a hours
to help clear up the confusion
over the relative strength Of
American and Russian air
power. One Senate cynic sug-
gestS that he is now on notice
to follow the party line.
1t is conceded that Chair
man Radford and the service
chiefs are exceptionally able.
The senior men who lost out
to the much younger Rear
Admiral Burke won't like it,
but they will not dispute his
brilliance.
In contrast. the top civilian
secretaries at the Pentagon,
with the exception of Deputy
Secretary of Defense Ander-
son, have failed to set the
Potomac af1re. Congress takes
a very dim view of Army Sec
retary Stevens as they saw
him in the Mccarthy affair.
Navy Secretary Thomas takes
himself too seriously for the
many men in Congress with
years Of experience in military
affairs and appropriations.
Air Force Secretary Talbot
gets high marks for enthusiasm
but manages to ruffle congress
sional feathers.
The troubles of Secretary Of
Defense Wilson are well known
and his new centralized news
service has irked the press. His
will be the next cabinet resig-
nation, it is believed here.
Evening star., 1955-05-26
Some Democrats Begin to Chofe

ity. both geographically and
numerically, of the party.
Now, facing a presidential
election for the first time in
20 years without a President
and party leader in the White
House. Democrats from other
parts of the country in Con-
gresS are beginning to wake
UP suddenly to what control
of party policy and record by
the Southern minority in Con-
gress could mean in terms of
the election in their sections.
Their Illustration is begin
ming to express itself privately
against the Southern party
leadership. and that may break
out into the open in the near
future Nor is their growing
resentment assuaged any by
the spectacle of the party's
national chairman, Paul H
Butler, devoting himself so as
siduously to appeasing South
ern party leaders who bolted
the party in 1852.
They point out that it won't
be the South where the 1856
election will be won. 1t must
be won in other parts of the
country. On that general the
sis a Northern Democratic
leader in Congress who hith-
erto has been tolerant of the
Southern leadership and its
problems and overly cooper
ative in working with the
Southerners delivered himself
of his discomfort:
We've got to get something
done in Congress about issues
which face us in our part of
the country - schools, mini
mum wage increase, housing,
and roads, too, of couse. Nor
can we afford to toy with the
Evening star., 1955-05-26

world reveals that the colo
war" contains all the potential
ingredients of a "hot war"
Thus. as one surveys what is
happening inside the Western
countries. the picture of a
relentless enemy penetrating
country after country with his
agents comes into focus. Across
the northern tier of Africa, in
Algiers, in Morocco, and in
Tunisia which must provide
us with military bases. there is
internal trouble under the
phony banner of national
ISM" Aided and abetted by
glib talk of "anticolonial-
ism" in America. the agents
of the Communist military ap-
paratus stir up rebellion and
bloodshed.
It's the same story in Asia,
where the riots in Singapore
recently revealed how insid-
iously the Peiping government
is using overseas Chinese now
to foment dissension. 1t is
an open secret that the Com
munists can take Malaga from
the British any time they want
to do so. 1t is we'll known that
Red China is making a close
alliance with Indonesia, where
Communist sympathizer rules
as a dictator. India has been
afflicted with "neutralism" and
her Krishna Menon plays a
crafty game for the Commu-
nists on the diplomatic front.
It's all part of the so-called
cold war"
In Europe the military situa-
tion is worrisome. Austria has
been detached from the West
as a military base, and Yugo-
slavia wants the same status.
Italy is weak from Communist
activity inside her political
structure. and France is torn
with political warfare To-
mented in large part by the
Communists. The whole PAN
Drama is one that may well
fill realists with concern.
On top of all this is the
latest example of the mischief
provoked by the presidential
press conference idea. Mr..
Eisenhower answered offhand
last week a simple question
about a belt of neutral states
Evening star., 1955-05-26
THOMAS L. STOKES

Democrats and others who
may be interested follow Adlai
Stevenson here and there in
the newspapers and over the
radio and television, reading
and listening to what he says
and seeing his photograph and
his image. Not long since it
was against the bizarre and
weird background of Africa.
But they hardly ever read
about his being in Washing
ton, the political capital of the
country, where at the moment
his party happens to be in con-
troll of Congress and where you
might think he would be called
in occasionally for consultation.
The record on which Demo-
Gratis must run next year is be-
ing made in Congress. Besides,
he is the party's titular leader,
as 1t is called, as ltS most re-
cent candidate for President.
All of which points up sit
uation which is not new, and
which is typical of both par
ties because of their schisms.
Just now big element of the
Democratic Party is beginning
to chafe under it, as has a big
element of the Republican Par
ty in the past when the
G. o. P. was out of power.
During the 20 years that Re-
publicans were out of power.
their party in Congress was
controlled and managed large
" by Midwest conservatives
for q long time. as we recall,
under the leadership of the late
Senator Taft.
Similarly. the Democratic
Evening star., 1955-05-26
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Diplomats the Big conference to last only three
days high for this meeting Even
the hat-check concession won't be worth much.
The electricity bill at the White House $2500 month
Oh WELL you dynamic administration, can't
scrimp the dynamo
United States population hits 165 million people
awful lot of people making living by selling each
other things they don't need.
Admiral Radford wins another term top military boss
Democrats suspicious of Radford They claim he's always
plotting tough with the Reds they with
Government it doesn't want Germany to be
neutral The last time started talking about neutrality
over here it six years to stop the fighting.
Evening star., 1955-05-26

segregation issue. We have
Negro voters who are the bal
ance of power. I recognize
the problems of the South
and of the Southern leaders
but the Supreme Court has
spoken, and we can't wait
Evening star., 1955-05-26

around. We'd better do some
of the things that folks in
our sections need and not
spend so much time on things
like a natural gas bill to re-
move Federal protection from
the consumers"