davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-09-18

loyalty and require teachers TO
conform to ideology or modes OF
conduct the trainers Of the oath
Iconsider proper for teachers"
Only Q handful Of teachers had
been found to be members Of the
Communist Party and none of
these was o member Of the NEA.
Ihe said.
A spokesman for farmers. and
lone for businessmen were In gem
IeraI agreement that the greatest
danger TO constitutional freedom
LAY In big Government and big
|unionism.
Fears Concentrated Power
John c. Lynn Of the American
Farm Bureau Federation said
that history tells US that .con-
|centration Of power In q central
Government Is the road to sub
ordination Of the people TO Gov
|ernment.. He also charged that
compulsory tinionism Il incon-
Isistent with the spirit Of the
Constitution.
These sentiments were SUBJ
|scribed 10 by Boyd Campbell,
president OF the United States
Chamber Of Commerce, who
said that compulsory unionism
violates the freedom Of associa-
|tion guaranteed BY the First
Amendment.
A labor spokesman. however,
said that basic human rights
ware being thWarted in certain
States where legislation q being
directed against workers organ
|ixation.
''Most Of this legislation, .
said William r. Schnitzler Of
the American Federation OF
Labor. sis directed toward or
provides the means for denying
lor unjustly limiting the pre-
negatives Of workers 10 organ
ize and effectively engage In coli
lective bargaining and other
concerted activities"
Legion Hits Critics
A past commander Of the
American Legion, Donald r.
Wilson, on behalf Of veterans.
Icriticized those who criticize
congressional investigations.
eve acknowledge it 10 be pc
culiarly within the province Of
our greatest legislative organ to
remain constantly alert as TO
Evening star., 1955-09-18

! and the holding Of opinions
which happen to be politically
unpopular or publicly en-
barrassing.
Another speaker, Mrs. John q.
Lee. president Of the League Of
Woman Voters. complained that
tolerance and respect for the
opinions Of others is being
Ijeopardized by men and women
whose instincts are worthily
patriotic. but whose minds are
apparently unwilling to accept
the necessity for dissent within
ID democracy" She named no
names. and noted that since the
fall Of 1854. there Is '.less fear
|of character assassination and
persecution If unpopular ideas
ARE projected or discussed"
John Lester Buford. speaking
for teachers, blamed "a climate
|of fear" for the unfair dismissal
|of some teachers. The president
|of the National Education Assoc
citation. he charged that loyalty
Ioaths exacted from teachers have
gone "far beyond q profession Of
Evening star., 1955-09-18

Congress have been attached.
even when the utterances In
volved have not constituted any
violation Of law
As for the Post Once Depart
ment and the Treasury Depart
ment in their activities in regard
to. the distribution Of material
they have found offensive" or
"subversiye." MFR. Wigeins said:
Those who wrote the First
Amendment did not believe 1t
was the business Of Government
to decide what citizens could and
could not read"
Church Leader Speaks
A churchman, DR.. Eugene Car
son Blake Of the National Coun-
ell of the Churches Of Christ In
the United States also warned
against Government interference
In the lives Of private citizens.
let no Government or branch
thereof think Of itself as the ar.
bitter or controller Of mems opin-
ions. convictions or faith" he
said.
In this respect. he said, the
side-effects Of the actions Of the
House Committee on Un-Amer-
Ican Activities have caused most
churches grave concern"
Among its shortcomings he
listed the following:
It's techniques which have in
effect turned the witness into
one accused. failing to give him
an opportunity or means to
himself and his reputa-
tion.
Its failure to distinguish be-
tween allegations Of disloyalty
and proved dtSloyalty.
Its dissemination on the COM
mittee's letterhead Of unsup-I
ported allegations which could
have been easily proved false, toI
The hurt Of the reputation OF
loyal Americans.
Its failure to differentiate be-
tween disloyalty to our country
Evening star., 1955-09-18
Dangers to U.s.. Freedoms
Cited by Probe Witnesses

"The filing Of these petitions
has touched OF in numerous To-
lcalities q calculated campaign
lot intimidation and terror, ut
|terly un-American In character
and without parallel in our his
tory" he declared.
He cited several instances OF
Negro citizens signing petitions
who had been subject to eco
|nomic reprisal In Mississippi and
South Carolina.
Mr.. Wilkins also charged that
the constitutional right to vote
had been so fiouted in some
States for 50 long that "any
attempt at enforcement ID
viewed In some quarters as un-
American and subversive. he
said that the Congress had been
"derelict" in protecting citizen
rights against discrimination.
Cites News Curbs
A spokesman for the press, j..
Russell Virgins, executive editor
of the Washington Post and
Times Herald. blamed no partic-
ular person or party for the
abrogation Of the right Of free
dom Of information. He said
that there is blame enough 10
go around" In The Governmenk's
obstruction OF "the general dis-
cussion Of public matters" pro-
vided for In the First Amend
ment.
Mr. Virgins whois also chair
man Of the Freedom Of Infor-
nation Committee Of the Amer
lean Society of Newspaper Edi-
tors. accused the Government
Of withholding information. re-
sorting to prior restraint and
censorship, attempting or sane
tioning punishment for publica-
ton hostile to 1t so as to dis
courage publication. attempting
to deny access to materials and
machinery essential to publica-
tion. and with preventing the
distribution of printed material.
He criticized congressional
committees for recently holding
more than third Of their COM
mittee hearings In secret despite
their own rules to the contrary,
and also for summoning to ac-
count newspapermen for state
mentS critical OF members Of
Congress or "hostile to principles
and ideas to which members of
Evening star., 1955-09-18
Vienna Legion Post
Awarded Trophy

Dyer-ounneli Post Ie0. Amer
lean Legion. was awarded the
Past District Commanders Tro-
ply at the Department Of Viz
ginia Convention at Virginia
Beach.
Glenn Cunningham, com-
mander Of the Vienna (Va.) post.
received the membership trophy
Evening star., 1955-09-18

from Joseph Z. hodges. jr., past
departmental commander and
chairman Of the Trophies and
Awards Committee.
The Vienna post has more
than doubled It's membership IN
the past II months.
Evening star., 1955-09-18
BY MARY McGRORY


Are our constitutional rights
% life. liberty and the pursuit oi
happiness being eroded?
Eleven representative citizens
invited by o Senate subcommittee
yesterday to give their answers
10 the question were In almost
unanimous agreement that the
Bill Of Rights is being menaced
but they disagreed among them
selves as to how and how much
and one speaker said he thought
q general reference to the
erosion Of constitutational rights
b harmful"
IN an unusual Constitution
Day Senate hearing on this
broad question in the old Su-
preme Court chamber. spokes-
men for II different groups sat
on the bench once occupied by
the justices, while Chairman
Hennings, Democrat Of Missouri.
and Senator O'Mahoney, Demo-
erat Of wyoming, sat before them
at 4 little table. Tackled acrc@s
the front of the bench was .
sisn with this quotation from the
Constitution: Congress shall
make no law abridging 1.
the right of the people peaceably
TO assemble and to petition the
Government for q redress OF
grievances"
Fears Indifference
Senator Hennings, opening the
hearings, during which the Wit
nesses were asked no questions.
said that there had grown up "a
lamentable indifference. a care
lessness as 1t were-about the
individual rights guaranteed to
us by the Constitution OF the
United States"
But the first witness, John D.
Randall Of the American Bar
Association said that "a general
reference to erosion Of consti-
tutional rights is hermful be-
cause people reading such a
general statement might believe
some branch of Government has
failed to perform the duty Inn
posed on it by the Constitution.
And Luke e. Hart. Supreme
knight Of the Knights Of Co
lumbus, said the fraternal citi-
zen would "warn against giving
undue attention or weight to the
alarmed cries OF clever phrase
makers who find new evidence
of what they call the inside 'ero-
sion' Of our rights whenever a
perjurer or q traitor is punished
Tor his crime" Mr.. Hart's state
saent was read by the Supreme
Secretary Of the knights OF
columbus, Joseph r. Lamb.
Sees Crisis Now
But o spokesman for the Ma
aaonal Association for the Ad-
yancement of Colored People.
Executive Secretary Roy wilkins.
testified that we are In "a con-
stitutional crisis"
''In no area has constitutional
freedom been SO seriously eroded
as in the area Of the civil rights
Of Negro citizens" Mr.. wilkins
said.
He charged that Negro Ameri-
cans we're being denied the right
Of petition in regard to the re-
cent Supreme Court ruling on
decerrati0n Of plIblic schools.
Evening star., 1955-09-18

CRITICAL PANEI.-These representatives Of all
walks of life faced the cameras and Senate sub
committee in the old Supreme Court chamber to
explain what they believe are threats to the Bill
Of Rights Left to right facing the camera j. Russell
Virgins, American Society Of Newspaper Editors;
Joseph F. Lamb, Supreme Secretary Of the Knights
Of Columbus; Donald r. Wilson, past National Com
mander of the American Legion; John D. Randall,
Evening star., 1955-09-18
FOUND

Doc, collie type, male: Naval Observe
tory. EN-. s-422f.
&COTTISH TERRIER. black, female;
continuously hanging around. III
owner does not desire ownership. would
IKE to own dog. Owner please san
~. 3-Siso. -S
Evening star., 1955-09-18
Sees Crisis Now
LOST

kOO1
BEAGLE. young, male. black and white:
5s5s ssss44' ssna ave- =. Risefdals, ~ Va.
BOXER, male. 2a years. fawn, white
fash on face. white chest and feet;
wearing leather stud collar: disappeared
wks. ago, vicinity, Fender, nr. Fairfsyx' x
Va: reward can broMnihs o-o1ao'
BRACELET, diamond and sapphire; be-
rots reward. AID. 4-5737. EN-. 2-34i2.
CAT. black. male. unfriendly: vic. 10th
and r NV: no Identification Cail Du.
E0IIIE, female. vicinity 18th and Irv-
Ing sts. NV Name Princess" Reward.
HO 2-S225. --lb
6OG. small male. wire haired terrier
type. white With large brown spots.
Fouiy1ais yiasIhi,ty Run TaTesT Rswaid st cs nSar
5-4E28s during day is
fARAKEET. turquoise blue breast: black
and white wings; talks: reward. S25. II
sS'I soH fnow Fl a-snSp' snSGne who has found H.
fsasHrSRsssa E svf vs,ns fEs' Hess
PURSE. wicker, containing eyeglasses;
B. sTEINBRAKER OF: 9-9i5o. Is
WATCH, lady's. gold, on week end; Sept.
y, vic. Conn. ave. and Macomb: re-
ward EN-. 3-10s2.
WATCH, platinum diamond. blue stones,
black corded bend, in Union Station
Restaurant. DU. 7-44s9.
WEDDING BAND. gold. shoreham Hote,
parking lot. Sept. u; sentimental
value; AD 4-S507 or Ex- 3-20s0. Mrs.
6trawbridge. --ls
Call WASHINGTON ANIMAL RESCUE
LEAGUE. NO $3.50.
6EWA n D-Taiking parakeet, blue.
breasted; answers TO Butchie: lost Hill.
crest Heights Wed. 10. S-7S15.
Evening star., 1955-09-18
ES III A n

OR SALES TRAINEE WITH SALES Ex-
PERIENCE UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITY.
$40 PER WEEK, SALARY PLUS COMdIS-
SION, PLUS EXPENSES, PLUS BONUS ON
ALL NEW ACCOUNTS AND INDUSTRIAL
SALES.
Opportunity for aggressive, hardworking
salesman to connect with expanding or
ganization and build secure future at
high earnings
Sell Cellowax Products and Bluko to retail
and wholesale hardware, grocery stores,
Industrial and institutional trade Wash
ington area. Established accounts. Age
21-45. Own car.
Apply Manufacturer Representative, U. s.
Employment Service, 1724 st. NV,
Monday, September 19, 1855, 8 AM. TO PM
No phone calls
Evening star., 1955-09-11
Nothins 10 buy and nothing 10 guess in
ART llNKlETTER's HOuSEPARTY ClvEAWAYl

put your and address card the
at the right you big Hopsepary Gveaway I'll
also give you for Surf the fawash detergent
that them ALL That's all takes send in name and
address you've got just good chance Is the next
to win one Of these hundreds Of wonderful prisesl
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-09-15

SOIL SCIENTISTS of the Soil Con-
servation Service, working cooperative
ly with Montana Agricultural Expert
ment Station, are providing valuable
soils information to farmers who want
to farm the conservation way. Soils
are examined and soils maps are pre-
pared by soil scientists. These maps
show the different kinds of soil that
occur on farm or ranch.
After the kinds of soil are deter
mined, the farmer or rancher and the
Sos technician can then develop con-
servation plan setting forth the use and
treatment of each kind of soil SO that
it can be conserved and improved The
kinds of soil for conservation manage
ment are called '1and capability units -
To establish the land capability units
that will give uniform response to
management, the soil scientist consid-
erS:
l. Limitations associated with the
soil, such as shallow depth, sand tex
ture, clay texture, stoniness, or pres
ence of harmful salts.
2. Limitations because of steep
slopes, irregular surface or flat land
which is often poorly drained.
8. Climatic limitations such as short
growing season, low rainfall or high
wind velocities.
Kinds of CrOpIand Soils
Some kinds of cropland soil in Mon
tana are:
a. Deep loan or clay irrigated soils
on 0 to / per cent slopes which take
water readily and can store adequate
amounts for farming in a continuous
cropping system. The combination of
soils and adequate irrigation water
make it possible to protect the soil all
year and there is no appreciate ero-
sion hazard.
b. Deep or moderately deep loan or
clay loan soil on / to per cent slopes
in areas where summer following is
needed to store soil moisture for re-
liable crop production. Adverse climate
limited rainfall and high wind veloci-
tieS) coupled with the summer fallOw
operation cause serious wind erosion
hazard.
C. Deep loan or clay loan soil on
to per cent slopes. These soils take
water rapidly and can store adequate
amounts for plant use. Because they
are on gentle slopes, these soils are
susceptible to water ero"
zion and require special measures to
protect them.
d. Moderately deep loan or clay loan
soils on to per cent slopes. These
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-09-15
Soil Surveys Help Farmers
Develop Conservation Plan
By DAVE r. CAWLFIELD, State Soil Scientist
Soil Conservation SerOice

soils take water readily but have only
moderate moisture storage capacity
because of insufficient depth.
Deep Sandy Loans
e. Deep sandy loan soil on O to per
cent slopes. These soils take water
rapidly but have only a moderate mois-
ture storage capacity because the soils
are sandy.
f. Deep, .well-drained clay soils that
take water slowly but which can store
adequate amounts for plant use. These
soils are level or gently sloping 20 to 8
per cent slopes.
g. Deep loan or clay loan soils on
4 to z per cent slopes. These soils take
water readily and can store adequate
amounts for plant use but they are
subject to severe erosion because of
slope when not adequately protected
by growing crops or crop residues.
h. Clay soils or soils with claypan
These soils take water at a slow or
very slow rate. Plant roots have diff
Guilty in penetrating the dense subsoils
and the release of moisture and nu-
trients to plants is slow.
Salty Soils
i. Deep, moderately salty soils on
to 8 per cent slopes. Soils vary in tex
ture but the presence of harmful salts
limits their use for crop production and
makes them difficult to manage.
j. Shallow soils on O to per cent
slopes. These soils take water readily
but have low moisture storage capacity.
Because of shallow depth, the crop
adaptation is somewhat limited and
special management practices are
needed.
k Deep or moderately deep loany
soils on to Ia per cent slopes in areas
having a short growing season $50 days
or less). Crop adaptability and man.
agement practices are largely limited
by the short growing season and not by
the soils.
The makeup of soil capability unit
will vary from area to area. This is
true because of differences in kinds of
soil and in the kind of farming prac-
ticed in an area. Certain soil charac-
teristics such as water intake, moisture
and soil drainage are highly
important in determining the manage
ment of irrigated soils. Somewhat diff
ferent characteristics are significant in
management of dry farmed
soils.
In general, the range in properties is
broader for dryland than for irrigated
soils
Evening star., 1955-11-30

8. Intellectual curiosity and
|eagerness for lifelong learning
10. Esthetic appreciation and
self expression in the arts.
IL. Physical and mental
health.
IL. Wise use Of time. including
constructive leisure pursuits.
IS. Understanding Of the phys.
ical world and mans relation
to it as represented through basic
knowledge Of the sciences. .
IA. An awareness OF our Tela.
tionships with the world COM
Imunity.
Must Guide Child
To achieve these things for
every child. the schools must
have an effective program OF
guidance and counselling In
preparation for the world of
work.
In each school an appropriate
balance must be maintained In
the educational program to, In
sure wholesome, all around de-
Ivelopment Of the individual with
provision for the stimulation and
development of the useful tall
Lents of all children. including
Evening star., 1955-11-30
Sanitation Gains
AT Food Factories
By the Associated Pres.

The Food and Drug Admins
Itration today cited statistics
which it said indicated continued
progress in food factory santa
tion.4
It said that of 70 unfit foods
shipments seized in October only
ave we're alleged by FLA tispec-
tors to have been prepared In in
sanitary factories.
The administration also re-
ported that during October it
Ihad won a court order restrain
ing packing firm from watering
oysters. In addition, it said, there
were IL seizures directed against
similar action by other firms.
This practice by a few pack
lers." the FDA said, ''is seriously
Ihampering efforts of the industry
as a whole to put out an un-
Watered pack"
Evening star., 1955-11-30

The people of the United
States have inherited a commit
ment and have the responsibility
to provide for all a full oppor-
tunity for a free public education
regardless Of physical. intellec-
tual. social, or emotional differ
ences. or Of race. creed, or reli-
gion.
The fullest measure Of local
Initiative and control should be
maintained, but no level Of gov
Iernment (local, State or nation
IaD should be relieved Of its ap-
lpropriate responsibility in full
Ifilling this commitment.
In groups where the private
schools we're discussed, there was
| q consensus that the right of the
private school to exist. and Of
the right Of parents to choose,
and Of children to attend, this is
ian accepted part Of the Amer
Iican tradition Of education.
Education is a sound and nee
essary investment in the future
well being Of our Nation and its
citizens.
Points TO Develop
II Is the consensus Of these
Evening star., 1955-11-30

lgroups that the schools should
continue to develop:
/. The fundamental skills Of
communication - reading, writ.
ing. spelling as well as Other
elements Of effective oral anc
written expression; the arithmet-
ical and mathematical skills, in.
cluding problem solving. While
schools are doing the best jot
In their history in teaching
these skills. continuous improve
ment is desirable and necessary
2. Appreciation for our demo
cratic heritage.
8. Civic rights and RESPONSE
bilities and knowledge Of Ameri-
can institutions.
4. Respect and appreciation
for human values and for the be-
lliefs of others.
5. Ability to think and evalu-
late constructively and creatively
6. Effective work habits and
self discipline.
Z. Social competency as a con-
Itributing member Of his family
and community.
8. Ethical behavior based on a
sense Of moral and spiritual
values.
Evening star., 1955-11-30
High School Senior, u,
On Michigan Delegation

A 19-year-old high school
student is helping to shape the
reports Of the White House Con-
ference on Education.
Jack Davis, q Lansing (Mich.l
high school senior and State
youth leader. arrived here this
week for the national conference
or school needs called by Presi-
dent Eisenhower.
Young Jack, who already has
made something Of name for
himself In public life as a mem
Der OF Michigan's Youth Ad-
visory Council, was named by
Gov. Williams to the conference
delegation. Conference officials
said he is the youngest Of the
1900 delegates.
The Michigan youth is vice
president Of the student council
ct Lansing's Eastern High
School. He also is an ofiicer Of
the honor society.
More pertinent. to his current
status. however, ii anothe1 school
activity. For the last two years,
he has been o member OF his
schools debating team.
Were debating right now on
Federal aid to higher education, |"
he said yesterday. adding:
I'm taking the negative, but
only because the coach said he
thought it'd be best"
The young debater said he
personally favors Federal aid ct
least to poorer States that need
better schools.
The Michigan Youth Advisory
Council, to which Lansing was
named when he was Is, is an
organization Of teen-agers who
meet to advise the Governor on
youth problems, Jack said. He
was appointed as representative
Of the Michigan State Temple
Evening star., 1955-11-30

10 farm machinery distributor
and former teacher. is q dele
gate, lasted about half an. hour
lat her husbands table. Then Q
Isoft-voiced attendant told her
that, despite her observer
badge, she could not observe the
discussion.
Mrs. Breeden said the mar
was very polite. but she retired
In some dismay.
II told my two children ! was
going to find out what was going
on here and tell them about 1t,
she said. But this kind Of puts
q crimp In that"
**#
William Carr, executive secre.
ltary OF the National Education
Association, was a super-super.
chairman in the first round. Al
the afternoon was wearing thin
one member of his group sug.
gested that q phrase in the re.
lport they were drafting 'woult
be repetitious."
| Mr.. Carr voiced the genera
feeling as he sighed and said:
''If we can agree and be repeti.
tious, let's do 1t by all means
$50
Many Of the delegates empha.
sized the need for re-emphasi.
of the 8 Rs Of education. One
lady participant. representing
her table at q chairmen's discus
lsion, was having great difficulty
ldeciphering her report.
TT is interesting how these
educators can't read each others
writing" a delegate remarked.
Evening star., 1955-11-30

the retarded average and gifted
children.
So that they can better appre-
lciate the advantages of our
democratic way of life, students
should be provided with a we'll
balanced course in the social
sciences which includes the his
ItoricaI development Of our con-
stitutional form Of government
and the contributions which
various cultures have made to it
All children should be free To
seek the truth wherever it can
be found.