davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25
First ONCE Girl

In lo4e, we decided to employ
our first Negro girl in an office
position. Here we were treading
on unknown territory. Because Of
the traditional importance Of
status" to white-collar workers
and our uncertainty about their
reactions, we chose this first Me-
gro office girl very carefully. on
the basis of interviews and apti-
tude tests. We placed her in our
Personnel Department, partly as
sign OF Official sanction and
partly because our personnel staff
understood what we were trying
to do. / talked to the girls In the
department before our new clerk
started work, and asked for their
help, which was readily forthcom-
ing. Our staff welcomed her
quietly. but in a way which indi-
Gated quite clearly, for those who
were watching. that she was a
fully accepted member Of the
group.
Before she actually started
work. l had a long talk with our
new clerk. attempting quite frank
ly TO prepare her for any possible
rebuffs she might receive during
her stay with US.
also explained how important
her own behavior would be in as
surfing full acceptance of her pre-
sence emphasizing that poise. tact.
and self-restraint would be the
best means through which she
could defeat rudeness and win
friendship. let her know we felt
she was fully qualified to ac-
complish this, for US and for her
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25

ioHty which employ Negroes only
in unSkillsd work. Whether EN-.
pl0yera in this latter category ern.
ploy large numbers Of Negroes or
only few, they are stiIl follow.
ing discriminatory practices.
Although the ratio Of unem.
pIoyment among Negroes always
runs higher than among whites
about 8 per cent for Negroes M
against 3 per cent for whites the
difficulty In our present healthy
economy In not 30 much that Of
obtaining simple employment, but
that Of obtaining good employ
ment the same kind which would
be available 10 white man Of
similar ability. Like employers,
unions sometimes express liberal
views about on-dlscrtmination In
their memberships which are not
always followed In practice.
In 1860. the average Negro fam
lly earned about 81 300 just 81
per cent Of the 1900 earned by
the average white family this.
despite the fact that there In
proportIonatsiy higher percentage
Of Negroes than whites in the
work force. A 1860 comparison Of
the average earning for each Ne
gro wage-carnsr 81 800 with
those Of the average white wage
Garner $4,000 Is even more Hig.
nlficnnt Here the earnings OF the
Negro drop 10 90 per cent. The
number Of Negroes employed In
agricultural work. and ms iaborers
and domestics has continued 10 de-
cline In the past fifteen years,
while the number filling profes-
and skilled or semi skilled factory
jobs has Increased In some cases.
the percentage has almost doubl-
cd; bu, the greatest proportion 81
Negro workers can s,ill be- found
In mental and low paying jobs.
Editors Note; The average
wage ~ Minnesota Negroes 10
much higher than the national
average. by 1885, nj least.
II In not enough 10 be able 10
point 10 The examples Of exccp-
tional Negroes in specialized
fields aa proof that there are no
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25
Fair Employment Is
Important Part Of
Free Enterprise

Continued from Page ! Sec D
strertcar motormcn and conduc-
tors. Some professional and tech
meal jobs have opened To Negroes,
in fields like engineering, account.
Ing and chemistry. as well as
whIte.collaT Jobs,
Urban League Plays Part
Beside the influence of the war
upon employment practices. the
growth Of Negro union member.
ship. and the active part many
progTesEive Industries are taking
in combating discrimination. much
Of the improving Of groups IKE the
National Urban Leagues
FEPC Commissions
Fair Employment Practices
Commissions IN states and cities
with enforceable FEp laws have
done a c0mmsndabie educational
job with employers and have help
ed open new Occupational fields 10
Negroes. Racial equality has be
come an Issue In religion and poll
tics Many communities have In
tcr-raciai agencies which are
working for social and economic
equality The effects Of all these
various factors are compounded,
too, by their impact upon the gen.
ernl public. which is now more
conscious ~ the whole race rsIa-
lions problem than II has ever
been.
Only Bare Beginning
This presents AN encouraging
picture, and sums up what sounds
almost like n contradiction Of any
statement that we have n ao-caIled
race problem" In tho United
States Actually, have merely
described the areas and ways In
which our total problem can be
solved. because what we really
have In a bare beginning While
the industries cited and many
others I have not named. are do.
ing oommendable job OF lnte-
grafton, there II still n vast ma
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25

Most Valuable Player of the Ma
tional League.
Zoe Prrry--Fullback Of the San
Francisco 't9ers. was named
Professional Football player Of
the Year"
Dr. Ralph Bunche As deputy sec
Rotary Of the UN became the
top American In that organiza-
ton
Mrs. Bessie Buchanan Elected to
New York's state Assembly.
FIRST Negro ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
Mai Whitfieid--Twtce 500 meter
champion, who was the first Ne
gro 10 win the James r. Sulli.
van Memorial Trophy. awarded
annually by the Amateur Ath.
lctics Union TO the amateur
athlete who. by performance. ex.
ample and good influence, did
most Ia advance the cause of
good sportsmanship during the
year
Louis R~,idlnK---Noted civil nber-
ties and civil rights lawyer. CO.
council in school segregation
cases before Supreme Court
Dr, Margaret Butcher---Who led
the militant fight Ia end segre-
cation in Washington u G.
schools
Edward y. l.rwts--ExeC Director
Urban League Of Greater " Y,
leader in fight for equality
Mrs Goliie Watson Philadelphia
teacher. indicted by Congress
for refusing. on the basis OF the
lat Amendment, TO answer qucs-
tons about her political beliefs
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25

ed, but Dwight Palmer did not.
He flew TO ST. Louis. entered the
plant. and made an impromptu
speech during each of three shifts,
face to face with the angry wo-
men who had frightened the Army
and the Committee.
Negro girls were waiting. each
time, to fili empty benches: and
they were not only accepted by
the white workers Immediately
after Paimer's speech, but also
during the months which follow
cd--and without any unpleasant
Incident.
Granting the special effective
ness of an appeal 10 the patriotic
emotions OF wartime, | think Pal
mer's talk with his employees
would have been just as effective
during peacetime. His own person
atty and deep sincerity must have
been very persuasive In them
selves have seen these In &C
ton myself many times during the
years have known and worked
with him Hut aside from this. he
was able to show the employees
that accepting Negroes on an
equal basis was no threat To their
own social or economic status a
fear which IL behind all racial pre-
JUDGE, Instead. he pointed with
pride to the white workers pro-
duction record. and said, You and
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25

self, and that most Of our employ
ees would be ready to meet her
halfway.
No Open Opposition
Here again, there was no open
opposition. although q few re-
sentful remarks came to US in
directly from girls in departments
whose work was closely allied to
Personals. We watched the sit
uation CAREFUL. but made no COM
ment about It; and in a few weeks
at least one OF the critics had be-
come an enthusiastic booster Of
the new employee. Her work was
markedly better than that Of her
white predecessor; and her tact
full, quiet ways won her friend
CONTINUED on Page 6-B)
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25

INK the war, and perhaps you are
familiar with Il II was cited In \
book ON race relations written by
Malcolm Ross who had been APP
pointed bv President Roosevelt to
serve AS chairman 81 the wartime
Committee on Fair Employment
Practice.
The industry concerned was the
st Louis plant Of the General
Cable Corporation. and the star
player was Dwight II. g. Palmer.
who was then President OF Gen.
eral Gable This Plant. along with
others. was faced with the neces-
Sty Ut complying with the prest-
dant's executive order prohibit
ing discrimination In the perfur-
mances Of defense contracts In
addition, General Cable was face
with the apparent imrossthin,y ot
getting the white women pruduc-
ton workers tmoatly Southern
country girlsl TO accept the pres
rnce ~ Negro women Production
need was critical and protest
work -stoppsEes one Of which had
already cCCurred simply could
not BE- afforded because " the war
effort.
The Army and the Fair Employ.
mrnt Practice Committee hesitat.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25

1 don't need any petty things. any
little things to elevate us 4.
whatever there u TO this Easter
spirt and whatever there is TO the
spirit that lis American the big
job we have got on our hands. you
and I. Is TO be able TO get along
with people. With words like
these. he opened a door for these
women TO a new kind Of super
lority--the kind available to any
one. rich or poor. important or
unimportant, who will serve the
highest and the best Of American
ideals.
Not every industry has a
Dwight Palmer. or an eleventh.
hour crisis to give special mean
ing and urgency to a program Of
Indignation. Fortunately, it isn't
necessary, II you have faith in
people and in their wish to do
what Is night, submerged as this
desire sometimes seems. We know
this is true, because OF our ex-
perience with an indignation pro-
gram at Pitney- Bowes While IL Ii
not as exciting a story as General
Cables, I like to tell IL because
feel there II always drama In a
story Of people uniting themselves
even in a quiet way. on the side Of
something which Is right. In add
ton, the history Of indignation at
Pitney-Bowes Is perhaps fairly
typical Of the way in which fair
employment is most apt 10 be
brought about In actual practice
In stamford. Connecticut
The city in which our plant is
located Stamford, Connecticut -
L. within the New York area,
which has. OF course, a smaller
Negro population, percentage-wise
than ST. Louis, and does not have
the special problems OF a city To-
Gated on the North-South border.
However, all the elements OF pre-
JUDGES exists in Stamford. along
with the community patterns
which prejudice creates. although
these are not so evident on the
surface as they might be in areas
where Negroes comprise a higher
percentage Of the population.
Connecticut FEPC
Fair employment practice legis-
laton was enacted In Connecticut
in ls47. but our own decision to
start an active program OF fair
employment started some years
before. Like most other plants, we
had few Negro employees doing
maintenance and trucking jobs at
the time we decided 20 expand OPP
portunities for Negroes in a more
positive way. We began first to
try to fill some machine, assembly
and other skilled or semi skilled
shop jobs with Negroes. We &C
cnmplished this wothout oppos-
ton, although n grapevine report
did reach us that a few employees
were afraid we were trying to
FIJI the plant with cheap labor at
the expense OF everyone else's Jobs
and earning.
Although this was n reaction
of the type We had more or less
expected. we felt II was not
really widespread. and made no
issue Of II, continuing instead
10 add other skilled Negroes
from time 10 time and maintain
ing our pay rates Mt u level n
hove average for the commun-
ity.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25

Dr, Mary Church TerreII---relent-
less fighter for civl rights. died
AT the age Of 30 Her efforts
brought about the outlaWing Of
Jim-Crow in Washington, -, G,
restaurants last year
Adam Clayton Powell ~. N "
william Dawson Cd. M and
Chnri- Digs I'd. Mich.D Negro
Congressman,
Iiulan Jack--First Negro 10 he
elected Borough President Of
N Y.
Dr. kenncth Iiark--AasOC Prof
Of Psychology At the College OF
the city Of New York. whose
documcntrd indictment Of seq.
reRated education In New York
CITY has resulted in an invest.
cation called by the Board OF
Education lie also played an
important part In preparing
material for the NAACP attack
on aggregated education in the
South
Alain Locke Professor of Phil
osophy nj Howard University.
who died In 1894 He was the
first and only Negro Rhodes
scholar An intellectual leader
OF the Negro Renaissance" Of
the twenties. he was the author
Of many works ON the Negro In
the arts and on problems ~ race
relations
Anna 4. tiedgrman First Negro
woman appointed Assistant to
the Mayor Of New York CITY
Wlllle Mays Giant spark plug
center fielder. was voted the
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25

longer any opportunities closed To
Negroes Difficult a. II Is for
brilliant and talented Negro to
reach his proper level. great ahtl.
ny coupled with an urge toward a
chievemcnt common among unusu-
II men Is often enough 10 push
through any kind Ut obstacle The
tveragc person has no such tools
md u - the great majority at
Negroes. In between tho unquah.
fled and the exceptional. who
makeup the still very unattracuve
,verail picture OF the Negroes &C.
nuomic and social status
When this vast group. with
average ability. IL utilized In
average occupations In equal
proportion to whites. wr win
then have sousr rial grounds for
claiming thai Negroes really do
have equal economic opportun
ity.
How To DO The Job,
Each industry which emharks
upon course ~ fair employment,
can follow certain general pre-
ccpts, but must find It's own beat
means " accomplishment. one OF
the most dramatic examples Of an
indignation prOceSs know ~ hap
Pcned right here In 81 Louis dur.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1955-02-25

We're little short sunshine these DAYS so you'll wan
your children to drink milk that will give them as much
that sunshine ysmin ID possible That's Clover Lea
Nitamin ID homogeniEed We add at least 400 USP unit
Of ID per quart and hooGenise it to give extra nd
taste. ChildTrn' Your whole family should have it
Have ALL Clover dAlry prciacts
delivered 70 YOUR
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1955-06-04

Elton Clyde Wolfe, son Of Mr..
and Mrs. Booker T. Wolfe, Sr,
was the recipient of three awards
at the recent Honors Day program
held at Jackson College. Young
Wolfe, a sophomore majoring in
art, received the Phi Beta Sigma
Fraternity award of $50, the Jack
son College Club of Detroit award
of S125, and the Alpha Kappa Ma
Honor certificate for making the
Deans List the first and second
quarters of this school term. Mr..
Wolfe is a 1853 graduate of Hill
High School in Jackson where he
graduated with highest honors and
was the first president of the Stu
dent Council. Since entering Jack
son College he has been a member
of the Student Council, the College
Concert and Marching Bands, the
Dunbar Dramatics Club, the Art
Club, and is president of the Bap.
fist Student Union on the campus.
He is the first president of the
State Council of the Baptist Stu
dent Union composed of councils
from Alcorn, Mississippi, Vocation.
al, and Jackson Colleges.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1955-06-04
Negro County
Agent Of G'viI|e
One Of Two
mississippians
To Get Superior
Service Awards
Charles H. Burton
Is HOnored In
Washington
Ceremony

State College, Miss, June l.
Two individuals and one county
staff member Of the Agricultural
Extension Service Of Mississippi
State College have been selected
for the 1855 Superior Service A.
ward of the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture.
County Agent Newell Smith,
"Sam" Estes Of Canton, and Ne
gro County Agent Charles H. Bur-
ton of Greenville, the individuals
honored, received their awards this
morning at ceremony in Wash
ington, D. c. They were among
81 state and county Extension Ser
vice workers and total Of 119 y.
S. Department of Agriculture
workers so honored.
The Lee County Extension staff
with headquarters at Tupelo will
be one Of two county Extension
offices in the nation to receive the
Superior Service Award. A total
Of 10 units from among all agencies
Continued on Page Two)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1955-06-04

JOHANNESBURG, South AZ
RIGA, May 3o.-south Africa Is
campaigning for a curbing Of Unit
ed Nations interest and influence
in the domestic affairs Of member
nations.
Prime Minister Johannes G.
Strijdom's Afrikaner Nationalist
government will press for revision
Of the UN Charter along these
lines when the question comes be-
fore the UN's 10th annual session
in San Francisco next month, ac-
cording to a report filed this week
by John Hughes, staff writer Of
the Christian Science Monitor.
Looming behind the campaign is
the issue Of continued South At
rican membership in the UN for its
outcome will considerably influence
that country's future relations with
the international organization, say
observers.
UN Investigation
The move is spurred by UN in
vestigation of South Africa's own
domestic affairs, which are mainly
responsible for the country's dis
favor in world opinion. Most prom
inent Of these is the policy of apar-
thied, or race segregation, which
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1955-06-04
SAY Parish Street NEWSSTAND
OPERATOR UNWITTINGLY AGENT
OF COMMUNIST IN SPREADING The
"SELL OUT STORY" FOLLOWING
LAST GOVERNORS ELECTION
DR.. 7. r. N. Howard Described As
Pied Piper Leading Negroes Over
A Precipice To Be Drowned In A
Pool Of Hate And Illustration
Say Negro Democrats Association Will
Continue Policy Of Seeking Good Will And
Cooperation Of White And Negro Citizens

Jackson, Miss, May 31.-(DSN)
My candidate for Governor Of
the State of Mississippi in the
August election is the winner,
Percy Greene, editor and publisher
of the Jackson Advocate, founder,
president and executive director
CT the Mississippi Association Of
Negro Democrat Clubs, told q
group of Negro Democrats, in ad-
dressing the Associations annual
dinner at the Parish Street Branch
YWCA here Monday night.
Continuing his remarks with
reference to the governors race,
he said that after what I have
said here tonight in reference to
the race for governor, If anyone,
anywhere says that 7 have told
anybody who to vote for. 1t will be
just a plain and vicious leland
| mean lie out of the whole cloth.
In saying that my candidate In
the race for Governor is the win
ner, | mean that whoever is elected
out Of the five candidates when he
takes the chair as Governor Of
Mississippi, l am going to seek a
way through which may be able
to work with him in helping to
Continued on Page Eight
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1955-06-04
Race Relations
Institute Set For
Twelfth Session

Nashville, Tenn, May 80 - The
18th annual American Missionary
Association Race Relations Insti-
tute will meet in the new air-con-
ditioned Park Hall at Fisk u, June
27-July 8. Theme is "New Hori-
IONS in Human Relations: Closing
the Gap Between the Court and
the Community"
This session will draw delegates
from 20 states, including religious
leaders students, teachers, trade
unions and management: organi-
cations concerned with housing and
other forms of public accomoda-
ton and members Of human rela-
tions commissions.
Students attending may obtain
academic credit toward their UNDER
Continued on Page Three)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1955-06-04
DR.. CALIVER NAMED TO HIGH
FEDERAL POST IN EDUCATION

Washington, D. c., May 31--Dr.
Ambrose Caliver, an official Of the
U. s. Office Of Education for many
years, was recently appointed as
chief of the newly established adult
education section in the area of
services.
The appointment was made In
connection with organizational
changes taking place in the office
Of education Ito strengthen It's SER
sionsl and to the public" according
to s. M. Brownell, commissioner of
s. M. Brownell, commissioner Of
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1955-06-04
GRAND EXALTED RULER HEADS
GROUP OF GRAND LODGE OFFICER
T0ATTEND State CONVENTION
OF ELkS IN GREENWOOD SUNDAY
Pre-Convention Po|itieking At New
High Over Election OF State President
SEE RECORD ATTENDANCE AT MEETING

Greenville, Miss, May 80 =
Showing greater interest in the
coming state convention which con-
venes Sunday at Greenwood for a
session scheduled for June 5-s, the
prevailing opinion among Elks here
Sunday where considerable pre-
election politicking was going on
was that James Edwards, promi-
nent Greenville undertaken and
business man was the leading can
didate for president of the state
association and was the most like
ly winner when the votes are count
ed at the Greenwood convention.
In Greenville Sunday where more
pre-convention politicking was GO
ing on than at anytime in the re-
cent history of State Elkdom was
Bill Edward Lee, of Jackson, who
some Bills says aspire to become
Mississippi mister Elk" who is
backing the candidacy Of Bill Mitch
ell Cochran, Exalted Ruler of the
Greenwood Lodge. Bill Lee has
been a longtime ardent support
er of Fred H. Miller, Of Mound
Bayou, incumbent President of the
State association and also a candi-
date for reelection.
President Miller was also in
Greenville Sunday mending his po-
litical fences.
Among others here Sunday were
Atty. Jack H. Young, and Atty.
Sidney r. Tharp Of Jackson who
were reported in an extended con-
ference late Sunday afternoon with
Bill James Edwards and his cam
paign managers.
Only Bill Cochran failed to show
up here Sunday which lead to
charges by the Edwards campaign
managers that Bill Cochran had
been put into the campaign by
the opposition as a stalking horse
for Fred Miller and that at the
proper time he will withdraw his
candidacy in an attempt to bring
about the reelection of Fred Miller
and leave Elkdom in Mississippi
to the same small click that has
dominated the organization for the
Continued on Page Two)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1955-06-04

Calvin E. King, instructor Of
mathematics at Jackson College,
was notified by DR.. r. G. Helsel,
chairman Of the Mathematics De-
partment of Ohio State University,
that he had been awarded an as
steamship for the 1856 school
term. Mr.. Kings duties will con-
sist of the instruction Of SUBJ
freshman class in mathematics and
will receive for his services, full
tuition, exemption from all fees and
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1955-06-04
Negro Army Capt.
Cuts Services
Mental Losses

New York, N. Y, June IA
program Of psychiatric first aid,
organized in 1853 by Maj. Gen. c.
T. Lanham and Capt. James Bell
among troops Of the First Division
in West Germany, succeeded in
finding and checking many cases
Of mental illness before they be-
came serious.
Extended to other divisions Of
the Seventh Army, the program
has reduced manpower losses and
spared thousands Of GIs mental and
emotional torment.
Reporting on this first-aid psy-
chiatry, in the June Readers Di-
gest, Morton M. Hunt gives the
major credit to Capt. Bell. "Bell
perhaps had special understand
ing and sympathy for those living
under stress"
AS troubled young men talked
out their problems with Bell, or
with the sympathetic chaplains,
line officers, non-coms and doctors
Who were Bells aides, minor diff
'iculties righted themselves.
And as officers became aware
hat Bell was there to treat not
crazy" people but average men
with big personal anxieties, the
number of patients referred to him
umped from seven or eight q
month to 80.
Treating incipient cases before
hey became acute minimized the
.lness in the patients mind and
Enabled him to resume his duties
nth his outfit until his next visit
CONTINUED on Page Six)