davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-04
Rongoon Incident

The Shwe Dagon golden pagoda
in Rangoon is probably the worlds
best known. most widely reyered
Buddhist shrine. Its delicate spire
reaches 326 feet into the sky and
from dome-shaped base to needle
like tip the pagoda is covered with
gold leaf. Pilgrims from China and
Japan, India and Tibet, Ceylon and
Thailand stream to this Rangoon
shrine. said to have been built in
the lifetime of Buddha and to
enshrine some of his hair.
The Shwe Dagon was said to
have started life about 900 BIC. as
a small golden pagoda. Succeed
ing generations are reported TO
have encased 1t with silver. tin,
copper, lead and marble pagodas,
embedding them with jewels and
golden images as time went on.
It is set on the top Of a hill, ap-
preached in stocking feet up almost
200 steps. It can be seen from afar,
its gold leaf shining in the hot
Burmese sun. At the four main
shrines at the base. colorfully
dressed Buddhists PROSTATE them
selves on the sun-heated marble
floor before the Enlightened One.
1t was into this reverent atmos-
phere that Moscows twenty-five
strong man came putting and
crashing last Friday. Sinking ex-
hauSted and Red-faced onto
bench in the shade, Khrushchev
started by belittling England. re-
cent colonial ruler of Burma. for
having only a 1,000-year-old cul-
ture, compared to Burma's 1000
year-old heritage.
Under the stimulation Of Bur-
mas most famous piece of archi-
lecture. Mr.. Khrushchev soon turn
ed to the case of Russian Architect
Alexander v. Vlasov, recently
chided by the Kremlin politicians
for being too fancy. There are
some very stupid people in Ameri-
ca" he volunteered. After we cri-
ticized Comrade Vlasov, they tried
to persuade him to stay. The
French also repeated this stupid
mistake the Americans had made"
He told a French correspondent
who had made the long climb with
him. you should turn pink with
shame" Switching to colonialism
again, he observed that 1--WE Rus
slams are the only ones that are
always fighting for the cause against
colonialisrn."
That brought American CORE
spondents into the conversation.
"What about East Germany? What
about Latvia and Estonia?" they
asked. Mr.. Khrushchev had a ready
answer. straight from the Ministry
of Truth What the East Germans
are doing you would not under
stand because you are a paid slave
writer of capitalism. If you wanted
to write something good about Rus
STA, you would starve to death
because the capitalist press would
refuse to print it,"
His words soon were broadcast
around the world. The British
press. already aroused by the crude
Soviet performance in India, raised
questions about the propriety of
the proposed Khrushchev- Bulganin
visit to London. Embarrassed In
dams started looking around for
new and dramatic ways to show
their friendship for America.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-04
Virginia

Virginia State legislators also de-
bated basic decision on schools
last week. When the job was fin
ished. and the Gray report on
school Indignation had been APP
proved overwhelmingly by both
houses. there still was a question
as to how basic the decision had
been.
The Supreme Court has said that
State cannot have both racial
segregation and public schools.
One or the other must go. But
Virginia officials were trying for
compromise. They wanted to keep
public schools and keep segregation
but permit parents to send chill
dren to State-supported private
schools If a local school board opts
for indignation.
That State officials could have
their cake and eat 1t was an I'M
certainty. But it is a sure thing
that they had secured delay by the
legislative action.
The bill Immediately at issue will
authorize a public referendum on
convention to amend the State
constitution to permit public funds
to go to private schools.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-04
LABOR
20-Yeur-OId Schism
Between ALL, Clio
Healed in New York

Twenty years ago John L. Lewis
punched William L. Hutchinson Of
the carpenters union in the nose
and walked out of the American
Federation of Labor
Last week that historic split in
the American labor movement was
healed The American Federation of
Labor and the Congress Of Indus
trial Organizations, the group
founded by Mr.. Lewis. convened in
separate halls in New York and both
voted solid approval of a merger
plan. Tomorrow they will meet to-
gether, shake hands and declare the
first convention Of the American
Federation Of Labor Congress Of In
dustrial Organizations to be in
session.
The AFL vote was unanimous for
the merger. The CLIO. always the
more stormy union, counted 10000
dissenting votes out Of 5,832,079
cast. Michael j. Quill of the Trans
port Workers Union voted his bloc
against the merger. saying 1t was
trap.
Other leaders were willing to sub
merge differences, however. for the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-04
New Era in Education
MoyHove Begun With
White House Porley

Relations between the Federal
Government and the Nations
schools may have taken q historic
turn last week. The White House
Conference on Education apparent
~ answered the question: Is aid TO
education a major Federal respon-
sibility?
The answer last week was deter
mined to be ''yes."
Some 1000 representatives of
every facet of American life said
yes" 2 to 1, at the conference.
And President Eisenhower, Vice
President Nixon, Secretary of
Health, Education and Welfare
Marion B. Folsom and Education
Commissioner Samuel M. Brownell
also said. in effect. YES"
The specific decision on Federal
aid to education will have to come
from Congress, but sentiment on
the Hill makes it likely that ma
jor Federal aid law eventually will
be written.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-04
REVIEW OF The WEEK
Reds Turn Again to Tough Talk

Man travels; dog banks, wind
blows, but man still goes on and
on" quoth Communist Party Boss
Nikita s. Khrushchev from an old
Russian proverb.
And so do we," he added.
Kremlin man indeed went on
and on last week, deeper and deeper
into the cold-war wastes from
which he had emerged briefly last
summer.
In East Berlin Russia goaded its
puppet regime into new campaign
to force diplomatic recognition
from the West. East German police
held American Congressman at gum
point. and transportation officials
withheld 1857 canal permits for
West German barges supplying
West Berlin.
At the United Nations a Mos
COW delegate resumed charges that
the United States had started the
Korean war. The gern-warfare
canard probably viii bob up next.
In India and Burma Mr.. Khrush-
chev and the Soviet Premier, Mix
olaf A. Bulganin. proudly ratified
their H-bomb, which the British
government is reported to believe
is better than the United States.
They told and retold the impress
sionable peoples of those two an
cient lands their monstrous tales Of
American villainies.
Too Crude
Signs accumulated, however. that
their crudities were noticeable even
to the vast crowds Of school children
in India, and to the usually char
liable Indian press. Prime Min
lister Jawaharlal Nehru treasured
the world that he was keeping his
head. In q Calcutta speech Wednes-
day, with the Communist coexist-
ence twins seated behind him, he
said pointedly:
I'VE refrain from criticizing other
countries even when we do not agree
with their policy If circumstances
do not force us to state our view
point. 1t naturally follows
from 2,1O0 years Of Indian peaceful
co-existence) that We should
keep ourselves free from military or
like alliances and should not join
any of the great power groups that
dominate the world today"
The thick skinned Mr.. Khrush-
chev applauded with the rest. Then
he crossed the border into Burma
and proceeded to shatter the rev-
erent atmosphere Of one Of Bud
dhism's hottest shrines with TRADE
against upstart Britons. stupid"
Americans and paid slave writer"
correspondents.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-04
The Problem

That American schools are in
trouble can be demonstrated by a
few statistics. For every 100 per-
sons now in the Nations class
rooms, there were only 70 q decade
ago; and there will be 12l in 1860
The children are already born. Ex-
cept for a few who die, they will
show up in the schools in the next
five years.
We are currently spending about
$6.5 billion year to educate young
sters between the ages Of S and II,
but that's not enough even for to-
day. BY 1860 the Nation must
spend an additional 81 billion to
So billion for school operation plus
about $14 billion for school con-
struction and equipment II schools
are to be brought up to snuff. Pro-
fesSional school people have said
for several years they don't know
where the money is coming from.
They turned to the Federal Gov
eminent for aid.
The Arguments
The pro-Federal aid argument
was this: Local government can
draw only on property tax money.
and that's not enough. The Fed
eral Government has most of the
big tax resources sewed up dncome
taxes), so let the schools have some
Of that revenue.
There were two basic arguments
on the other side. both Of them ex-
pressed for the Eisenhower admin
istration by former HEW Secretary
Oveta Cup Hobby: First. the Fed
eral Government should as a mat
ter of principle never do for COM
munities what the communities
can do for themselves-and they
can raise school money II they
scratch for it; second, Federal aid
VIII result In Federal control.
y President eisenhower Endorsed
Mrs. Hobby's views.
Sentiment for Federal aid seemed
strong on Capitol Hill, however. 80
early this yeir Mrs. Hobby recon-
fnended 4 catalySt" program Of
Federal assistance. Uncle Sam
would lend local school districts
S1.i20. 600 900. and that would
stimulate about 81 billion IN new
school construction over the next
three years.
The bill went nowhere. School
people said they couldn't use a loan.
II had to be q grant.
"A House committee approved q
Democratic SIS billion, four-year
Federal grant billtdesigned also to
stimulate more State and local
spending. The National Education
Association wanted even more.
Mrs. Hobby, meanwhile, recon-
mended that q whole raft Of school
problems be threshed out in a series
Of education conferences. Federal
aid advocates said this was a stall.
but the conferences were held
thousands of them at the local and
State level and then the national
conference here last week.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-04

generalized. They took no specific
notice. for instance. of the acute
problem Of technical, engineering
and scientific education. despite the
fact that such men as Atomic
Energy Commission Chairman
Lewis L. Strauss have said that
America is in danger of being "hope-
lessly outstripped" by Russia in
training of skilled manpower.
The conventions conclusions, as
finally synthesized by the topmost
layer Of chairmen were these;
. What should our schools ac-
complish? Almost everything from
the three RS to the frills. but diff
ferent things to meet the needs of
different communities.
. In what ways can we organize
our school systems more efficiently
and economically? Individuals,
schools. school boards, communities.
States and the Federal Govern
ment all should have their roles in
providing long list OF specific ele-
ments necessary to education.
Q What are our school building
needs? In only two or three States
are there prospects for adequate
schools; the rest need more money,
better construction standards and
better planning.
. How can we get enough good
teachers-and keep them? Pay them
more money; give them more pres
tige.
. How can we finance our schools
build and operate them? Reform
property taxation; ease restrictions
on borrowing; use increased State
aid to equalize facilities; get more
money from the Federal Govern
ment for school construction, pos
sibly for operation. too. But ban
Federal controls.
. How can we obtain continuing
public interest In education? Work
conscientiously on a variety Of
public relations fronts, including
more conferences such as these.
The most important report, of
course. was the one on financing.
Delegates agreed overwhelmingly
that money was the root of almost
all school problems, and they agreed
1.-TWO to one. table chairmen re-
ported that the Federal Govern
ment had to chip in.
Then. as If to add emphasis, to
the convention decision. Secretary
Folsom told the group in its closing
session that the administration
would have "a broader and i'm
proved program of Federal assist
ance" for Congress to work on
next year. Star Reporter James G.
Deane revealed the new policy de-
cision came directly from President
Eisenhower and that the President
was influenced directly by the con-
yention's vote for Federal aid.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-04

here refused to think out loud In
those terms, but American diplo-
mats closer to the scene openly
harked back to 1913.
What set them to remembering
was a carefully calculated incident
in East Berlin last Sunday. Two
American Representatives and the
wife Of one Of them, along with
their military escort. were held at
gunpoint for four hours in East
Berlin by East German police.
They were charged with riding in
an automobile equipped with radio
telephone. which is against Com
munist East German law.
Representative Harold c. Oster-
tag. Republican Of New York, called
their detainment mo accident but
part of the planned strategy Of the
cold war" with the "long-range
objective" Of ending "even the fic-
ton Of Horsepower collaboration in
Berlin"
The Background
Soviet Russia formally granted
saVereignty to the East German
Democratic Republic last Septem-
Der, 20. Disregarding the four pcwer
occupation agreements Of the past
Moscow ,lnilaterally annulled for
East Germany all laws and direc-
tiyes issued By the Allied Control
Council. Deputy Premier Walter
Ulbricht Immediately proclaimed
that Communications between
West Germany and West Berlin"
were In East German hands.
Britain. France and the United
States have protested this transfer
three times since.
The West also stood by its May 5.
1855, statement, when West Ger
many was granted sovereignty, that
West Berlin remains under military
occupation as provided in the 1945
Allied Big -Four agreement
The Allied Control Council ruled
all Germany until March 20. 1913.
when the Soviet delegation walked
out Of q meeting. On June Is Of
that year the Soviet representatives
quit the Berlin Kommandatura.
When the Western powers an
nounced a currency reform in West
Germany few days later. the So
Wet Union imposed a total land
water blockade Of Berlin.
Berlin Airlift
The Vests answer was the Ber-
lin airlift, which brought transport
planes converging on Germany
from throughout the world. Food.
clothing, coal. raw materials, and
medicines we're flown in to keep
West Berlin's as million people
alive. The Red blockade lasted al
most a year. until May IL. ls49.
The airlift was continued, until a
six-month stockpile Of foodstuffs.
and q nine-inonth supply Of coal
were accumulated. Today West
Berlin Is completely independent
of East Berlin for its electric power.
It would be in much better po-
sition to Withstand blockade.
That the Communists might try
again was in the minds Of West
German barge commanders. who
reported last week that their appli-
cations for licenses to use East
Berlin canals had been rejected.
The barges carry 1.5 million tons Of
supplies to West Berlin annually,
including about 100000 tons Of
grain and 10000 tons Of coal.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-04
Security Risks

Republican Senator (then Rep
resentative) George H. Bender Of
Ohio said in January, 1854, that:
I'VE have eliminated more than
1000 Communists and fellow
travellers from important positions
in the Government Of the United
States. Every one Of these jobs was
obtained under the Democratic adj
ministration.
This was one of the early state
ments - really misstatements - on
security risks hat developed into
the number game" debate over
the COP cleanup Of the Federal
government. 1t. and other similar
announcements by Republicans
from the President on down, were
criticized by Democrats as distor-
tions of the facts.
Newsmen quickly found that few
of the persons removed had been
in important positions" and that
many had been only transferred.
not eliminated" But the other
allegations typified by the Bender
statement were harder to pin down.
Last week, however, Senate
subcommittee investigation showed
pretty much what the real story
was on security risk firings. The
Star commented editorially on
the findings:
Some Republican politicians
have grossly misrepresented the ex-
tent to which the Eisenhower adj
ministration has ferreted out Sc
curity risks in the Federal family"
The number in the numbers game
(Which once had been as great as
8,008) had settled down last week
to be 1886 (the number of removals
since the Eisenhower security pro-
gram went into effect May %.
1889, but administration witnesses
revealed that only a relatively
small number of those f1rings were
effected under the security pro-
gram. The commiCse majority
said the number was $40. The rest
were routine Civil Service
disiniSsals.
And the committee said also that
70 to rs per cent of the persons
fired had originally been hired by
the Eisenhower administration.
In other words, the Bender state
ment, which had neatly wrapped
up all the Republican errors on the
numbers game. was wrong in all its
important elements.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-04

foreign policy. Mr.. Dulles said
neither party should try to take
sole credit for foreign policy tn
umphs.
The Democratic National Com
mittee promptly pointed out, how
ever, that in 1852 Mr.. Dulles him.
self had written into the official
Republican platform some highly
partisan attacks on Democratic
foreign policy.
Meanwhile political leaders con-
tinued to debate foreign policy.
Mr.. Stevenson criticized admins
tration sloganeering and flip-nops
In foreign policy. And Gov. Averell
Hartman, who was, for all prac-
tical purposes, launched as ma
tional candidate for the presiden.
tial nomination in speech by his
political aide, Carniine DeSapio, last
week. continued a more vigorous
criticism of G. o. P. foreign policy.
He scored confusion" and "un.
certainty" in Republican policy.
And Former President Harry 8.
Truman said foreign policy would
be campaign issue because the Re-
publicans first brought 1t UP.
The lesson to be learned was that
foreign policy is too vital an issue
to the American people to be left
out Of a campaign-and that in
dividual campaigners will debate
1t moderately or immediately ac-
cording to their natures.
Will He Run?
Meanwhile, the Republicans were
talking each other into believing
Mr.. Eisenhower would be candi-
date next year. Chairman Leonard
Hall of the G. o. P. National Com
mittee talked politics with the Pres
ident at Gettysburg and came away
with the cheerful announcement
that Ike would run IF he thinks
he is able"
But then Mr.. Hall spoiled it all
by saying that was only his own
opinion.
Later in the week. Mr.. Eisen-
hover wired the National Commit
tee: Il shall do everything in my
power next year to help you report
the record accurately and fully to
the country"
Was that hint he will run. or
an attempt to let the party down
gently?
House G. o. P. Leader Joseph w.
Martin tried to raise party morale
yesterday by saying after a chat
with the President that Mr.. Eisen-
hover would run "for the sake Of
the free world" But again it was
only personal opinion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-04

for Nationalist China, thus chip
ping away at Taipei's U. N. posi-
ton.
On Thursday Canada started the
proposal for an 18-nation package
deal on its way in an ad hoe politi-
cal committee Of the General As
sembly Delegate Paul Martin was
reported to have q hackers.
The membership proposal goes
before the Security Council next.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-04
East Berlin Incident

The smell of blockade was in
the air Of Berlin again last week.
State Department officials back
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-19
AMERICAN GENERAL
lN MOROCCO HAS
IA PROBLEM. DIAPERS

RABAT. French Morocco.
Sept, 10 (R.One Of the
problems worrying Maj. Gen.
Frederick =, Glantzberg,
commander Of the United
States 18th Air Force. is a
highly unmilitary one
diapers.
The general Is pushing q
program TO lodge as many
Air Force families as pos
sible on the big air bases to
keep them away fro m
trouble II more violence
should break out In Mo-
rocco.
To get the Job done he
has ordered hundreds OF
trailers. Trouble il, rum
ming water has not yet been
brought TO all of them.
Diapers take lots and lots
of water. Some Of the wives
are complaining. The gem
eral has experts working on
the problem.
Families of Americans
working on the base include
1900 women and children.
most of whom live In houses
or apartments outside the
camps.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-19
20 Subpoenoed for Quiz
Into Death Of Heiress

of conspiring with Mrs.
ostreicher's mother, Mrs. Ger
trude Silver. to perform the
abortion. and with perjuring
themselves at q medical exam
iner's hearing in which the
cause of death was announced
The State alleges that Mrs
Ostreicher. q 22-year-old bride OF
two months, went with her
mother to the Schwartz apart
ment In North Philadelphia on
the night OF August "a and that
the abortion attempt took place
there. Mrs. Ostreicher died In
the apartment that night.
Mrs. 6ilver's preliminary hear
ing was postponed indefinitely
after testimony of three psychia-
trists that she was not mentally
able to understand the charge
against her. She Is undergoing
treatment In the Philadelphia
Psychiatric Hospital.
Mrs. Ostreicher eloped with
Earl Ostreicher, Miami Beach
policeman. June "A. She re-
turned alone to Philadelphia sew
eral weeks later. Mr.. Ostreicher
said. to reconcile her parents to
the marriage.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-19
Weeks Calls for Changes
lin 'Outdoted' CorrierL avs

motor and rail carriers--is af-i
|fiicted with financial instability,
Many individuals carriers over
considerable periods of time have
operated under precarious cir
|cumstances and many have sue
|cumbed. Many common carriers
today do not have the means to
offer superior service and to APP
ply technilogical advantages with
desired rapidity.
"This basic weakness stands
constantly as a threat to the
well being and progress of our
mass production economy and
Nationwide product distribution.
Should this situation worsen. the
Nation will have to face even
more serious decisions than at
present"
Would Revise ice Act
Mr.. Weeks urged that the In
terstate Commerce Act. in its
declaration Of policy section, be-
rewritten ito make it clear that
common carriers should have
greater freedom, short Of UNJUST
iy discriminatory practices, toI
reflect their true economic and
service characteristics in COM
petitive pricing"
The Commerce Secretary in
sisted that the proposed changes,
particularly those affecting ICCl
rate regulation power. would mott
be drastic. He described the |
proposed revisions as offering oil
modest and well-balanced" sys-
tenn to clarity the law and at the
same time give common carriers
more rate fiexibility. He ex-
planned that the proposed
changes would "stress the regu-
Iatory agency's responsibility as |,
being primarily that Of an adj
Indicator and not q business
manager.
MIR. Weeks assured the SUBJ
committee that the proposals |
would not decrease the ice au-
thortty to FIX Just and reason
able minimum and maximum
rates" or to give primary regard
10 the public interest. He main
tanned that the proposals would
not permit one form Of trans
portation to engage in selectiyeI |,
rate cutting to drive out COMPETE
ton. He noted that the trans
portation system in the United
States is the only wholly private
system left In the world and that
1t will remain so only If Congress-
and the administration '.con-
SANITY scrutinizes the Federal
transportation policy and makes
prompt changes in outdated or
lnworkahle regulations.