davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-21
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Rodford- Robertson Trip to Formoso Sths
Rumors of Deal on Quemoy and Motsu

The sudden departure of
Admiral Arthur Radford.
chairman of the Joint Chiefs
Of Staf. and Walter Robertson,
Assistant Secretary of State for
Far Eastern Affairs, for For
mosa has stirred a new buzz
of conjecture and rumor in
Washington.
Since last week, when the
already tense situation in the
China Sea was heightened by
the delivery of new reports on
the Chinese Red military
buildup along the Formosa
Strait to President Eisenhower,
the air has been rife with con-
Germ over what might be i'm
pending in that troubled area
within weeks, If not days.
Alleged confidential reports"
emanating from the Banding
conference of the Asian
African nations have been in
dicating that the Red Chinese
are ready to accept the sur
render Of Quemoy and the
Matsus as a down payment on
their price for withholding an
about assault on Formosa.
To these reports" must be
added the continued pressure
from London and Paris to
head of any American action
to defend the area in the event
OF a Red attack. Our allies are
emphasizing their belief that
any shooting on our part In
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-21
BUT SECRECY IS ON DECLINE
Committee Sessions
Closed Third of Time

The Keep Out" notice is still
being posted before one Of every
three meetings of congressional
committees. But there are signs
that Congress is becoming sensi-
tive to public criticism of COM
mittee secrecy.
AS tabulated by the Congress
sional Quarterly editorial serv-
ice, committees and subcommit-
tees of Congress held a total Of
986 meetings between January
5, when the 84th Congress con-
vened, and April Is, when Sen
ate and House reconvened after
the Easter recess. OF these meet
ings, 1853 were executive" ses-
sions. closed to press and public
alike. That means 1873 per cent
Of all committee meetings were
held in secret.
According to CO records, the
proportion Of closed committee
meetings during. the first three
months Of 1854 was 1914 per
cent, and for the entire 1854
session it was Al per cent. This
seems to indicate a decline in
the ratio of secret committee
sessions.
At the same time. CO learned
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-21
Presidents Kitchen Cabinet Should Bear
More Responsibility to the People

made by others or selects a
course of action out Of several
proposed to him by his adj
visers. No one man could pos
sibly familiarize himself with
the background of all the ques-
tons on which the President is
called upon to make decisions.
Obviously the President
needs assistants. They should
not be technical men without
a background of experience in
national and international af-
fairs. but good all-round men
of national stature. The anom-
ally prevails today that "ad-
ministrative assistants" or
special assistants" WELD more
power and influence than do
cabinet members. Mr.. Eisen-
hover has been able to get
some men to serve only be-
cause he has invited them to
attend cabinet meetings, thus
giving them the feeling that
they are part of the cabinet
team though not possessing
any titles bestowed by Con-
gresS.
The problem is not new.
Other Presidents have let per-
sons outside the cabinet come
to cabinet meetings and have
given them broad authority in
his name to formulate impor-
tant policies. This Is a loosely
set up and in some respects an
invisible government. The
public doesn't know who Is or
is not accountable for public
policy, and the press Is kept
in the dark, too, because of the
passion for anonymity" which
some administrative assistants
cultivate as a means of avoid
ing public controversy.
The ideal situation for
America would be to require
that 10 to 20 more cabinet
members be appointed at the
discretion Of a President, but
with confirmation by the Sem
ate stipulated. These men
could be obliged to give their
full time to the presidential
Office without any direct re-
sponsibility for any particular
department. Departmental Sec
retaries could be appointed.
just as the Secretaries of the
Army, the Navy and the Air
Force today operate these three
big departments but do not sit
in the cabinet because the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-21

Business. Every Southern
controlled committee ranks as
a major committee. In fact,
the only truly priced post not
in Southern hands is chair
man of Appropriations, where
Senator Hayden of Arizona
ranks. but Senator Russell of
Georgia is his second in COM
mand.
In the House, IS of 10
standing committees and both
the two special committees
have Southern chairmen.
Again Appropriations is an
exception with Representative
Cannon from the border State
of Missouri as chairman and
a Texan, George H. Mahon,
ranking second. These South
ern-directed House commit
tees are very important in
deed. They include Rules,
which controls the flow of
business. and the tax-raising
Ways and Means.
1t is being suggested that the
Southerners perceive the use
fitness of having a Republic
can President to whom they
can pass the buck. When this
is added to their obvious dis
inclination to attack President
Eisenhower. the reason is seen
for the existing suspicion that
their slogan is time for not
too much change"
Possibly they are influenced
by the fact that the next Dem
ocratic presidential nominee is
unlikely to be chosen from
their number. It was demon
strated again at the Rayburn
dinner that Adlai Stevenson
can have the nomination If he
wants it. He does want it. So
that's that.
1t is said that Speaker Ray
burn has perceived this prob
lem and has a solution. 1t is
that Mr.. Stevenson's running
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-21

No record of these closed meet
ings, appeared in the Daily
Digest. The subcommittee is
headed by Senator Douglas,
Democrat, of Illinois.
The extent of any effort to
withhold public notice of closed
committee sessions cannot be
determined, SO it is impossible
to say with certainty that secret
meetings have declined or in
creased. But a study of the rec
ords of specific committees re-
veals some interesting contrasts.
During the first three months
of 1854, the House Education
and Labor Committee held 20
meetings, of which % were
closed to the press. During the
entire 1854 session, the commit
tee held SO sessions, 50 of which
were closed. That was 80 per
cent, the highest secrecy score"
for any committee in 1854.
During the three months end
ing April IL. 1855, this same COM
mittee held 16 sessions, only two
of which were closed. Score:
12.5 per cent.
The House Ways and Means
Committee also seems to have
moved in the direction of the
open door. During the first three
months of 1854. 80 of its 40 SEES
sions were closed, for a score of
80 per cent. For the entire ses-
sion: SO of rs sessions, or 10 per
cent, closed. In 1855: Eight of
~ meetings. or 80 per cent,
closed.
In another case, little change
was noted despite a public pledge
of an open door policy. Chair
man Carl Vinson, Democrat, of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-21
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Ike flies back to Washington Secretary
Canada Admiral adford flies Formosa There's doubt
whether foreign policy aimed destroying the
munists- the railroads
Adla Stevenson Africa Adlai figures
the best to attract presidential delegates Gov
Hartman Of New York is to discover gold mine.
The Daughters Of the American Revolution
ship application fees to So What you
out where you're going pay prove where
you from.
Ike sends $3.5-blion foreign aid program Congress-
Republicans giving most of the in Asaweve
got enough enemies in Europe.
The big AfroAsian conference indorse rights
thing human rights Mighty conferences where they
can't find anything else to agree on.
Editors challenge the Defense Departments new ac-out
information No matter which party power always
have the slogan: What don't know won't hurt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-21

the China Sea would be a
severe blow to the cause Of
peace. They point to the recent
Soviet overtures toward a
treaty with Austria as evidence
that the men in the Kremlin
really want to 6nd q solution
to the continuing Easily West
tension.
An elaborate diplomatic for
mula involving the evacuation
Of the offshore islands, as a
preliminary to the placing of
the Formosa question before
the United Nations for a final
decision, would be the solution
most pleasing to our allies in
Western Europe. London knows
as well as Washington that
the Chinese Nationalist are
grimly determined to defend
their offshore islands. They
know further that only the
heaviest pressure from Wash
ington would induce Chang
Kai-shek to change his plans.
Even an outright threat to
abandon the Nationalist to
their fate might not prevail on
the Nationalist leader.
Against such a background,
the abrupt departure Of two
key American officials for
Taipei Is linked, by those in
Washington who have been
urging the President to defer
to the pleas of our European
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-21
Another Move to Leash Chiunq?

allies. to an attempt again to
leash Chang. Their reasoning
is based on the certain knowl-
edge that the Communists are
poised to strike and the Ma
tionalists are waiting for them.
and the United States has for
mally and solemnly pledged to
aid the Nationalist in their
defense. Thus, if the Reds at
tack and We follow our COM
mitments, there will be a
shooting war in being. prob
ably before the British cleo
tons and before the meeting
of the Big Four foreign min
listers planned in Vienna on
the Austrian treaty question.
Opponents of the appease-
ment point of view. particu.
larly those who urged the Pres
ident to obtain a blank check
from Congress permitting him
to use his best Judgment in
defense of Free China. warn
that any failure to fulfill our
formal and implied pledges to
Chang would have a devastat-
ing effect on our security and
probably serious effects on the
political future of the Repub-
lican Party.
They point to the difference
between the present crisis and
the Korea emergency, essen
TALLY that our treaty with
Chang is our own and involves
none of our allies. They stress
the Democratic support the
treaty got In the Senate when,
in that treaty, We pledged our
national resources and honor
to the defense of Formosa and
the Pescadores in the interest
of Free China.
They also emphasize the
massive force available to us
in the China Sea area. They
say the American forces al
ready there are capable of
defeating singlehandedly all
and any attempts the Reds
might make to attack either
Formosa itself or the much
nearer offshore islands.
Worst of all, these advisers
say, would be the disastrous
effects on those areas Of Asia
not as yet under the Commu-
mist heel If the United States,
for any reason. were to renege
on our solemn pledges. They
see the sorry effects of such an
abandonment on the Ameri-
can people, overwhelmingly
opposed to further appease-
ment. as almost as bad as that
of the rest of the free world.
The rumors as to the sig.
nificance of the Radford- Rob-
ertson flight, then, stem from
the analyses preferred by the
two opposing camps Of foreign
policy advisers. The friends Of
peace-at-any-p price see in the
flight a move to head of shoot
ing by tying Chiang's hands.
The supporters of the Eisen-
hover foreign policy who want
no more appeasement, on the
other hand. predict the trip
is a warning to Chou En.lai
and the Peiping regime that
America Is ready to accept the
challenge.
The next few days will re-
veal the answer, whether it DO
to warn or to appease.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-21
Southerners Command at Capitol

mate ought to be the Senate
majority leader. With such a
stake in the national slate, the
johnson leadership would pre-
sumably be more active.
This sort of balance was
achieved in 1852 when John j.
Sparkman of Alabama was the
Democratic candidate for Vice
President. Mr.. Stevenson is
more conservative in some re-
spects than is generally real
lied but in the photography of
the political spectrum he is
left enough to represent the
liberal Democrats of New York.
Pennsylvania. Illinois, Michi-
gan, Ohio and SO on.
Adding depth to the current
suspicion is the fact that Mr..
Eisenhower has accepted the
New Deal framework in very
large part, including foreign
policy. True, his administra-
tors of the independent agen-
cies are not aggressive Defend
ers Of the social philosophy
which brought their agencies
into being and there has been
some sabotage. But the France
work stands.
Another factor which per-
haps induces q certain relaxed
mood among Southerners is
the almost total disappearance
of the Eisenhower Democrats
in their States. James F.
Byrnes is no longer Governor
of South Carolina and Mr..
Eisenhower deliberately chose
not to be offensive to Speaker
Rayburn by attending a tes-
timonial dinner to Mr.. Byrnes
given in South Carolina the
same Saturday night. Gov.
Shivers. the Texas Dixiecrat,
is in trouble with a land con-
troversy at home and Louisiana
loyalists say that pro-Ike Gov.
Kennon is on his way out.
Suspicious regarding the
Southern leaders true feel
ings about 1856 will only be
dissipated by generally ener-
getic partisan action on their
part.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-21
DORIS FLEESON
1856 May Well Strengthen Their Position;
There's Suspicion That They Like Ike

A suspicion exists in Wash
ington that the Southern
leadership Of the Senate and.
to a lesser degree. of the House
would manage to be brave if
after 1856. they still controlled
Congress but President Eisen-
hover ran the executive
branch.
It is a reasonable prospect.
Congressional margins are al
ready narrow. many Demo-
Gratis coming up next fall are
in the solid South, while some
Republicans coming up are
from doubtful States and dis
tricts or have failed to make
impressive records here.
In an extraordinary burst
of candor, Senate Majority
Leader johnson of Texas,
speaking at the Rayburn din
ner, called the roll of States
where he expects to pick up
Senators next fall. Expert
enced politicians are great
Chalmers but the rule is to be
general rather than specific
lest you be embarrassed as a
prophet or discourage the
party faithful in the places
you omit to name.
But Senator johnson said
the Democrats would GUST
Republicans in Maryland, In
diana, Ohio, Connecticut, I'LL
nois, Pennsylvania. California,
Colorado and Idaho. Unde-
niably the prospects in all
these States are fair or better.
The House rarely fails to fol-
low the Senate.
Such victories would still
leave senior Southern Demo-
Gratis in commanding posi-
tions. In the Senate, South
erners are chairmen Of eight
of the Is standing committees
and of two special committees.
Democratic Policy and the
Select Committee on Small
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-21
DAVID LAWRENCE

When the White House an
nounced the other day that a
firm of management engineers
had been employed ito make
a thorough and objective study
Of the present and probable
future space requirements of
the presidency as an institu-
tion," 1t was doubtless as
sumed that only the physical
problem of rearranging the
scattered Offices was involved.
But there's more to it than
new buildings and wings to be
added to present structures.
The truth is that "the presi-
dency as an institution" has
grown bigger than any one
man. No man can perform
the duties of Chief of State,
with the countless audiences
to greet visitors with scores Of
little speeches-delivered uSu-
ally to satisfy congressional
requests-and also carry on
the policy-making function on
both the administrative and
legislative sides. There Just
isn't enough time and enough
mental energy available for
any one man to do what is
required today by the presi-
dency.
Having observed through
several presidential terms the
workings of the executive Of
fees and having talked with
the many secretaries who have
handled the administrative
business of the presidential Of
fee in preceding terms, this
writer has witnessed a mo-
mentous evolution in the exec
utive establishment during the
last four decades.
A basic concept held by most
people is that the President
is a sort of general manager,
which means he is held re-
sponsible for the important de-
cisions in administering the
vast departments and bureaus
created by Congress. But he is
also the policy-maker on both
domestic and foreign questions
and must make legislative rec
concentrations besides. While
all this is carried out In his
name, the public is unaware of
the many anonymous advisers
who play a part in those fate
full decisions.
In many cases the President
merely affirms a judgment
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-21

that one or more committees
have taken steps to keep notice
Of some executive sessions out Of
the public record. Official notice
Of al meetings, open and closed,
supposedly is recorded in the
Daily Digest Of the Congress
sional Record.
~ No Record Made
In one instance, however, the
Senate Labor and Public We'll
fare Committees special sub
committee to investigate en-
ploye funds met in executive
session on March II. 10 and 10.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-21

Georgia. Of the House Armed
Services Committee, announced
January Is that he would keep
the doors open to the extent Sc
curity consideration permitted.
OF 10 committee meetings re-
corded in 1855, 26. or 80 per cent,
were closed. This Is the same
recorded by the committee in
1854, when A of 1873 sessions
were closed. For the first three
months Of 1854, 10 of the COM
mittee's 81 meetings, or % per
cent, were closed.
Increasing Secrecy.
The Senate Armed Services
Committee has been meeting in
secret more often. It's score in the
first three months of 1854 was 81
sessions. of which 26, or 81 per
cent, were closed. For the 1854
session: l03 meetings, 81 closed,
SIS per cent. For 1855: 48 meet
ings, 80 closed, SO per cent. Only
the Senate Rules Committee,
which has met in secret seven of
eight times. has a higher 1855
secrecy score' on the Senate
side.
Least secretive of the busy
committees this year is the House
Committee on Interior and In
sular Affairs. It's record: SIS meet
ings, seven closed, 1927 per cent.
For the entire 1854 session: ISL
meetings. Is closed, 11.9 per cent.
Committees themselves have
the power to decide whether
their meetings shall be closed or
open.
tCopyright, 1855.
Congressional Quarterly
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1955-03-09
5iX Enlist In
Army During FeE

Six Tabor City youths enlisted
in the U. S. Army during the
month of February arrording Il
l report from Sgt. Will Bulhan-
n. Army reCruiter for the Co
iumbuS County area.
This was the best record SET
n the county during the month
Those from Tabor City who
Joined the Army we're Dale
Watts, Jerry Prince, Buck Watts
johnnie Spivey, Let H. Jordan
and James E. Cumber.
Enlisting from Whitevillc were
Donald thousand and Beinic c.
BoStic.
One person, Lee Grady Rob.
inson, enlisted from Chadbourn
1--WE are very proud of the
great interest the young men
from Tabor City take in the Sc
curity and welfare of our great
Nation" said Sgt. Buchanan in
pointing to the excellent record
posted by Tabor City during the
past month.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1955-03-09
Mrs. Edge Dies
At Clarendon

Mrs. Alice Williams Edge, ~
widow Of F. F. Edge, died at the
home Of her son. McDuffie will
liams, in the Clarendon section
of Columbus County, Friday
morning.
Funeral rites were held from
the Clarendon Baptist Church
Saturday at 3 p. m by RGv. S
w. Jolly and Rev. Foster Har-
rclson. Burial followed in the
Mount Sinani Cemetery.
She was the daughter of the
late Martha Jane Norris and
John Williams.
Survivors other than the son
include a sister, Mrs. Dan Norris
md two grandchildren.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1955-03-09
Garden Club Member:
Study Camellias

Mrs. G. s. Cox was hostess for
the February meeting of the
Tabor City Garden club at her
home at which time Mrs. j. Oliver
Prince, club president, reported
on the luncheon meeting of the
Whiteville Camellia Society.
Mr.. Norwood HASTE of the
Magnolia Gardens, Charleston
S. c., was guest speaker for the
occasion and gave a demonstra-
ton on grating, pruning and fer
Utilizing camellias at Mrs. George
McNeill's garden following the
luncheon.
Mrs. Hulda H. Doster attended,
the Whiteville meeting with Mrs
Prince.
Mrs. B. A. Carroll gave a repor;
on a recent visit to the meeting
# the Whiteville Garden Gu
when Mrs. Green, News ard o.
ever co!umniSt, gave a talk
birds.
Mrs. J. F. Bowel accompanie
'lrS. Carroll to the club mces;.
Mrs Clyde Stanley was nam.
hartman of the Ways and Mea
omm!t:ee and Mrs. Leon !
'Illard was appointed charm.
+ the flower arrangements.
over arrangement demonStr:
ion will be given at the month!
club meetings.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1955-03-09
Williams Seniors
Present Comedy

The Senior Glass of Williams
ownShip School will present
Listen to Leon" on Tuesday,
Iarch Is at 800 p. NJ. The play
a thrcc-act farce by Janice
lard.
Leon has a real genius for ly-
ing, and his valet backs him up
as well as he can but often is
not sure just which lie he's
backing. Leon really has some
thing to conceal: his devoted
and rich-uncle plans to marry
him to his ward, but Leon SHES
at the idea. A schoolboy infatua-
ton has led him to marry a
much older woman who had a
daughter older than Leon him
self. Since the woman's death
the daughter tags after Leon
calling him Papa" and warn
ing him to scare up a HUSBAND
for her. And in the meantime
Leon has fallen in love with !;
girl, though he has her nam.
mixed up with that of her friend
and so complication piles or
complication.
All the parts are teasers for
playing: There's lovable, ire
sponsible Leon played by Bobby
Neal Stanley: his valet, Joseph
Gore, with much funny stag,
business; there's the worried
Archie, portrayed by Sam Hun,
and fine old Colonel Bryan
played by David Earl Ivey who
is Icons rich uncle. Ann anG
Carolyn, played by Betsy Long
and Shirley Norris. are pretty
girls and good friends even il
they have moments OF being cat
~. Nellie, the maid, played by
Lorena Jordan. has as unSuSa,
opportunity in playing up &c
Babe. portrayed by Mary Alic,
Rarnhin, who's a real scream a,
she friSkS after the men, dctcrm.
med 10 get one.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1955-03-09
y 6. Bennett Serves
: Okinawa Post

Army Pvt. James NJ. Bennett
Ir.. whose parents live i. r.
land, \. c., recently arr
ont Buckner, Okinawa, and
low 4 member Of the K uN
ommand
\ strong U. S. outpost in the
ar East, Okinawa is lCcat % .
the coast of China bbctween For
nOsa and the outhern tip o
Japan.
Private Bennett entered tbs
Army last August and receive,
plSic training at Camp Gordon
Ga. He is Il telephone installer If
The Signal Service Detachment,
Of the commands S05lst Army
Unit. Bennett is a 1851 graduatr
of Waccamaw High School.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1955-03-09
Dirt-Dobbers Study
Gardening Hints

Gardening Hints was the pro-
gram theme for the meeting OF
the newly organized Dirt-Dob-
berS Garden Club held at the
home of Mrs. Woodrow Sarvis
Tuesday evening with Mrs. Bill
ly Dorman leading the study.
Mrs. Wayne Baxter, president,
presided and named the follow
ing committeeS-Flower Show,
Mrs. Edwin Hickman, Mrs. Har-
old Fonvielle, Mrs. Edwin
Wright: Sick, Mrs. Claude Hug
gins. Mrs. John Dorman; Party,
Mrs. Leon Fonvielle, Mrs. Har-
~ Bryant, Mrs. Woodrow Grain
ger: Finance, Mrs. David Dla-
mont, Mrs. Winston Gore: Con-
Servation, Mrs. James Brice
Mrs. James Carroll: Plant EX-
change. Mrs. H. G.. Cameron:
Yearbook, Mrs. Harry Bryant;
Mrs. James Gar
rel, Mrs. 7. NJ. Cannon, Mrs.
John Dorman: Civic, Mrs. Leon
Fonvielle, Mrs. Ed Wright, Mrs.
T. NJ. Cannon: Historian, Mrs.
w. Horace Carter.
During the evening the mem
bership selected Red and White
as tue CLUB COlors: the flower
Rose, and motto Preserve Gods
Beauty"
Attending were Mrs. james
Brice. Mrs. John Dorman. Mrs.
son FoAvielie, Mrs. II. q.
Cameron, Mrs. Ed Wright. Mrs.
Harold FonvIcllc. Mrs. Billy
Dorman. Mrs. Ed Hickman, Mrs.
Harry Bryant. Mrs. James Gar
rcll. Mrs. David D!amont. Mrs
Wayne Baxter. Mrs. Tom Can
non, and Mrs. W. Horace Carter