davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-11-12
Purpose of 4
Newspaper
by Joseph c. Spencer

what you say is absolute
ly true, but you shouln't have
printed it," These are words
heard quite often by people
in the newspaper field. These
are words spoken by readers
who do not know or who have
forgotten the true purpose of
a newspaper.
One dictionary describes a
newspaper as, a public print
that circulates news, adver-
tisementS, etc. Enter
tainment, information, sensa-
ton, all of this, but truth
first and foremost.
If truth, then, is to be pri-
mary then it is inevitable
that scorn and ridicule shall
follow. There have been,
there is now, and there will
always be those who fear and
hate the truth for various
reasons. Such men would have
you close your eyes and turn
your backs to their shortcom-
ings. These men are like mega
tives in a dark room. Ex-
posture to light would be fa-
tai.
Subsequently, a newspaper
becomes a servant of the peo-
pie. Its duty is to observe
and investigate the activities,
events and conditions prevail
ing in it's environment and
to present the picture to the
public as it is. The ugly pic
lures must be painted as well
as the beautiful. A newspaper
is dedicated to truth, no mat
ter who it hurts or from what
source it may come.
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-11-12

cisions by two lower courts
upholding segregation in city
operated golf courses in At
lanta, Ga.
The lower courts - the
United States District Court
in Atlanta and United States
Circuit Court in New Orleans
had taken the view that
the separate but equal doc
trine still could be applied in
public recreation.
In reversing the lower
courts, the Supreme Court
directed that an order be is
sued granting Negroes adj
mission to Atlanta's public
links.
In Atlanta, city officials de-
clined to express any opinion
about tie courts ruling or
say what they would do, pend
ing further study. et
Georgia's Acknowledgement
Eugene Cook, an ardent seq
regation advocate, said Mon
days decisions amount to an
other step in what he called
a campaign to bring about
! intermarriage of the races.
The Supreme Court now
has before it a case testing
the validity of a Virginia law
that bans interracial mar
rage. (The case involves a
Chinese and a white women
The Richmond appellate
court ruling, affirmed Mon
day, specifically applied to
public beaches, and bath
houses operated by the city
of Baltimore and the State
of Maryland. The city and
State jointly had asked the
highest court to overturn the
decision.
Alternatively, the city and
State had asked the court to
give instructions on how and
(! when to end parks and play
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-11-12
Public Park Segregation Out

Washington, Nov. z - The
Supreme Court Monday SEEM
ingly sounded the death knell
for racial segregation in all
places supported by public
funds.
In separate, unanimous
actions the court affirmed a
decision holding racial seq
regation illegal in public
parks and Fairgrounds, and
ordered Negroes admitted to
public golf courses.
This, in effect, swept away
whatever remained of the his
toric separate but equal"
doctrine as applied to tax
supported facilities.
The major blow to that
doctrine, of course, came in
the courts unanimous decis-
ion in May, 1854, holding seq
regation in public schools un-
constitutional.
Until then, the separate
but equal doctrine, originally
laid down in 1896, had largely
governed the legality of seq
regation in unsupported fac
ilities. 1t meant that segre-
cation was permissible when
separate but equal facilities,
such as schools, were pro-
vided for different races.
Using only II words, the
high court affirmed a de-
cision by the United States
Court of Appeals in Rich
mond, Va, that segregation
in public parks and play
grounds is illegal. All the
court said was: "The mo-
ton to affirm is granted and
the judgment is affirmed"
The Richmond tribunal had
said the separate but equal
doctrine for white and Ne
groes was dead.
The Supreme Court took
only So words to reverse de-
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-11-12
Fla. Town Says 1t
Will Sell Beaches

Sarasota, Fla.-If Negroes
do not accept the offer of a
segregated beach, the Sara
sofa County Commission has
announced that it will seek
permission from the voters to
sell all public beaches.
The proposal to build up
an all-Negro beach on Long
boat Key was rejected on
Thursday at a mass meeting
of Negroes who declared that
they would use any and all
public beaches whenever they
chose to do so. Five auto
caravans of Negroes have
visited white beaches where
they went swimming in pro-
test to their lack of beach
facilities.
The commission voted on
Monday to give Negro leaders
until May 1 to accept the Of
fer of a special beach. If they
refuse, the commission says
that it will call a referendum
on selling all public beach
property.
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-11-12

ground segregation. This
plea the court ignored, leav-
ing the question in the hands
of lower courts. This is the
same method the high court
used in ordering an end to
racially segregated schools.
The city-State appeal said
feelings of emotion in Mary
land, and doubtless in other
Southern States, run higher
in inter-mixing of races in
bathing facilities than pos
sibly any other field of hui
man relations except misceg-
enation (inter-marriage)
The city and State have re-
sonable cause to believe that
consequences undesirable to
both Negro and white citi-
zens may arise out of inte-
grated recreational facilities"
The courts decisions do not
apply to privately owned rec
reational facilities.
Baltimore and Maryland
argued that the Supreme
Court decisions in public
school segregation ca s e
(" have furnished a spring
board from which attacks
have been launched upon
other areas of State and Mu-
nicipal action not fairly with
in the Supreme Courts de-
cisions, and have caused un-
cetainty and indecision on the
part of State and municipal
officers caught between emo
tional and psychological pres
sures."
The city and State con-
tended that under the present
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-11-12
Alumni Hold Conference
And Make Report On
DesegregatiOn I'm South

Nashville, Tenn.-Fisk Uni
versity alumni from eleven
northeastern and central At
lantic states will meet in New
York City on Nov. IL, for a
two-day regional conference,
which will include reports on
the effects of desegregation
on Negro college alumni as
sociations.
DIR. John Hope Franklin,
Howard University historian
and alumni representative on
the Fisk trustee board, will
outline the significance of
the historic May IL decision
of the U. S. Supreme Court
that has precipitated large
scale readjustment in all
phases of education.
Other participants in the
desegregation discussion will
be Finnis l.. Powell, insurance
executive Of Philadelphia
DR.. Sadie Daniel st. Clair,
professor of education at
Miner Teachers College; Ran
CONTINUED oil page SIX
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-11-12
By James Latimer

The Virginia Suprem e
Court of Appeals ruled yes
terday that State funds can
not legally be used at present
to pay for educating children
in private schools.
This means, in effect, that
the State can't allot public
money to substitute private
schooling as a device to avoid
integration-unless the Vir-
ginia Constitution is changed.
A unanimous opinion by
the seven justices held specif-
ically that section 141 of the
Constitution forbids the %
year-old State practice or ap-
propriating public funds to
educate war orphans in pri-
vate schools. That was the
only immediate gu e S t i O n
raised in a test case before
the court.
Ramifications Clear
The court, however, made
it clear any similar diversion
of public money to private
schools is unconstitutional.
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-11-12
Education Business Industry
Day Observed By Roanoke
Teachers Association

The Roanoke Teachers AS
sociation launched a new ex-
pertinent in observing Educa-
ton Business Industry Day
by extending invitations to
hundreds of firms throughout
the city to visit the schools
and become actual observers
OF the schools in action. All
over the nation, American Ed
ucation Week is being OBJ
served. This is the first OPP
portunity in which business
and professional men of our
group have been invited to
participate in such a program
with the Chamber of Com
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-11-12

merce. Mrs. Madge j. Whea-
ton is president of the Roam
oke Teachers Association.
The program was most in
teresting. Members of the
Chamber of Commerce, City
Council and School Board
members were among the
floating guests, visiting the
various classrooms. A cof-
fee break was held about
10:15, at which time there
was an informal discussion
of the work which had been
observed. All of the schools
were open to the public.
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-11-12
State Of Virginia Cannot Use
Its Funds on Private Schools
Virginia Constitution Held Bar to Segregation Device

To uphold the present sys-
tenn of State aid for war or
phans in the face of consti-
tutional prohibitions would
mean that by like appropri-
ations the General Assembly
might divert public funds to
the support of a system of
private schools which the
Constitution now forbids,"
the court said.
IF that be a desirable
end," added the opinion, writ
ten by Justice John w. Egg
gleston, sit should be accom-
plished by amending our Con-
in the manner therein pro-
vided. 1t should not be done
by judicial legislation"
Amendment Is Possibility
The decicion raised the
probability that State au-
thorities would move soon to-
ward amending the Consti-
tuition via the limited con-
vention method = the quick
est means of changing this
basic law.
No official would say so
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-11-12
81 can think of no bette

cause" says Miss Fritz.
New York-A young white
woman has been discharged
from her, job with a Method
list Church organization in
North Carolina because of her
utilization with the NAACP,
it was revealed here recently
at NAACP headquarters.
The young woman, Miss
Jolee Fritz, was dismissed
from her position of director
of the Wesley Foundation at
Women's College, the Uni
versity of North Carolina, by
the Foundations local board.
The firing ocured in Septem-
Der, but was not made public
at that time by the NAACP.
The boards action followed
several days of inquiry and
discussion about the activi-
ties of Miss Fritz with the
NAACP state youth program
in North Carolina.
Commenting on the Incl
dent, the Greensboro, N. c.,
Record said: :" who would
have thought that an after
math of the court ruling
(Supreme Court decision on
school segregation) would be
the firing of a director of a
Methodist Church organiza-
ton? That happened, too.
Miss Jolee Fritz, director of
the Wesley Foundation in
Greensboro, was discharged
because she held membership
in the NAACP and because
her racial views were uncon-
ventionally broad"
Miss Fritz has made a pub
lie statement declaring: 81
can think of no better cause
for which to lose a job than
the cause for which / lost
mine. Those of you who
know me, know that / am a
member of the NAACP be-
cause Of my Christian be-
liefs - because of my belief
in God and in man."
In another part of her
statement Miss Fritz eau
tons: "In this incident and
similar ones we must always
remember to have a forgiv-
ing spirit. We need to help
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-11-12
White Religious Worker
Fired for NAACP Activities

persons to grow in their un-
derstanding."
The NAACP, the statement
says, is "an association work
ing for a cause which is right
according to democratic prin-
ciples and in the sight of God.
Let us remember that segre-
cation hurts everyone.
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-11-12

stage of social development
whites and Negroes can bet
ter use and more enjoy rec
reational facilities with men,
bers of their own race than
in mixed groups"
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-11-12

~>~~' PesA Wy OSSolS'oS q oSoNy
commission had recommended
the State subsidized college
students in private institu-
tions as an alternative to
to building more State In
situations, the constitutional
issue ought to be settled.
Though neither the Gov
ernor nor any other official
would say so, it was evident
the main interest was aimed
at testing the broader pos
sibilities of side-stepping the
United States Supreme Court
decision against segregated
public schools.
Almond, who had argued
vigorously that the disputed
appropriations were consti-
tutional, gave reporters this
statement yesterday after
noon:
"The decision is eminently
correct, in my judgment. 1t
IS based on sound principles
If constitutional law. The
court has rendered a most
Statutory public service in dis
posing of the isues before it
with reasonable dispatch and
expedition.
at was absolutely essen
5ial to the public welfare that
this issue be finally resolved
by our court of last resort.
While my position required
me to be on the opposing
| side of the question, l. must
say that l am in complete
agreement with the decision
rendered.
| Virginia can now chart
| her course accordingly"
Stanley's Statement
| Governor Stanley had a
prepared statement ready
when reporters met him for a
press conference.
'The decision Of the Su-
| preme Court of Appeals"
Stanley said, Settles the
question raised in the man
damus proceedings. In adj
dition, the scope of the opin-
ion undoubtedly will be help
| full both to the Commission
on Public Education and to
members of the General AS
sembly in their consideration
of matters related to public
| schools.
81 appreciate the action of
the Chief Justice of the SUI
lpreme Court of Appeals in
calling a special session of the
court in order that the decis-
ion couId he handed down
without delay"
! Reporters asked questions
concerning the plight Of the
six war orphans now enrolled
! under the State program at
private institutions, and also
about the constitutional
change possibilities. The Gov
ernor wouldn't express con-
elusive opinions.
A high official of the pre-
segregation d e f n d e + s of
State Sovereignty and Indi-
viduaI Liberties, meanwhile,
called for quick action.
| Calls Speed Imperative
'Tt is imperative" said Will
liam B. Cooke, Jr., of Sussex,
first vice-president of the De-
lenders" that the Governor
call a special session of the
Legislature to set in motion
the machinery to amend Sec
ton 141 of the Constitution
| in order to give relief to a
large segment Of the people
of Virginia. 1t should be done
| Continued OF page slx)
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1955-11-12

vention prospects arise from
two circumstances reported
by reliable sources.
Q The Governors State
Commission on Public Educa-
ton, in its prolonged search
for lawful means of prevent
ing compulsory indignation
of white and Negro pupils,
planned to recommend an op-
tional system of providing
per-pupil State grants for
private schooling.
Some for Moving Fast
(2) In anticipation of pos
sible rulings by the high
court, commission members
have discussed the alterna-
tive prospects = and there
is, at. least, considerable SEN
timent among them for get
ting the constitutional con-
vention process going as
quickly as possible.
To launch a convention
movement, the first step nee
essary would be to hold a
special session of the General
Assembly.
Governor Stanley told re-
porters yesterday, after the
courts d ecision was an
nounced, that he still would
wait for a report from his
study commission b e f or e
reaching any final decision
on the special session and
constitut ional amendment
questions.
That he may get a report
soon was indicated - but not
assured =. by an announce
ment from State Senator Gar
land Gray, chairman of the
| commission. s1 IN M
Full Body to Meet
Gray said he is calling all
80 members of the commits
sion to meet here at 10 am
Thursday, half-hour after
the meeting of it's 11-member
executive committee. Plans
for the executive committee
session had been made earlier
| Gray declined comment on
other questions as to when
the commission might finish
it's report and as to his re-
action to the courts opinion.
1t took the Supreme Court,
with all seven justices present
for a special session called
Fly Chief Justice Edward w.
Hudgins, barely five minutes
to complete the formalities
of handing down their ruling
The black-robed justices open
ed court at 1910 pm. Judge
Hudgins said Justice Eggles-
ton would announce the
opinion of the court. Eggles-
ton, in turn, read a brief
memorandum giving the gis
of the 20-page opinion.
Case Brought As Test
Specifically, the court de-
nled the petition OF Attorney
General j. Lindsey Almond,
Jr., for a writ of mandamus
that would have compelled
State Comptroller Sidney c.
| Day, Jr., to issue warrants
paying out State money for
war orphans in privat c
schools, as provided in Item
210 of the 1954-56 State Bud
get Act.
The test case was brought
by Almond at the request of
Governor Stanley. When it
began in early September,
Stanley told reporters that
the Comptroller and others
had doubts of the constitu-
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-07-15
Fort Sourdough on Indian Hill
By ANNA SEM ANDERSON

gray horse. He had good cowboy sad
die. The others of the regiment had
government soldier saddles They
camped near our ranch that evening.
Father sold hay for their horses and
mules. They had two wagons and four
mule teams for each wagon.
The soldiers moved to Camp Crook
where they were stationed for six days.
other regiments camped near Alzada.
Two to four soldiers stayed at our
ranch and carried the mail from one
regiment to the other.
I remember the day we got the news
that Sitting Bull had been killed. Soon
after this the soldiers left. Some went
to Fort Meade. Sturgis, S. D., and 9th
ers to Fort Keogh, Miles City.
Note: Sitting Bull was killed Dec.
is. 1890, SO he was dead before we
built the fort, but news was slow in
getting to the ranchers and early
settlers at that time.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-07-15
Dry Country?
By M. E. HOWARD

ON JUNE Is, 1907, Al Davis, whose
ranch was on Beaver Creek, Is miles
south of Wiheux, was expecting COM
pany. Some Fasteners were coming
out to buy his ranch lands.
The morning was still and cloudless,
but we could hear the sound of distant
thunder. The land buyers arrived at
about 10 am. and they started dicker-
ing over the price. They told al his
price was too high, as the country was
dry and uncertain.
It was getting on towards noon and
AL started to get dinner. The guests
told him that if it rained enough to
wet their shirts they'd give him his
price. AL said, 'Ill take your offer if
it doesn't rain enough to raise Beaver
Creek by the time we finish dinner.
They agreed on the deal.
It began to sprinkle as they started
to eat. After dinner they looked out the
window and the wool house was under
water. Wool sacks were floating away.
Soon the water came in on the floor
of the ranch house and they had to sit
on the table with their feet on chairs
to keep from getting wet.
The guests we're getting scared. They
thought they might drown. AL just
smiled and said, Don't be afraid.
Your shirts amt wet yet
The buyers said. 1--WE won't argue
the point. The deal is closed
And so passed into history one of the
big ranches of early days. All Davis
started as ranch hand for the old
Hook Smith sheep ranch in the 1905.
Shortly afterwards he got his own
spread on Beaver Greek where he had
sheep, cattle and horses. By 1912 the
honesteaders had moved in and post
office, store and grain elevator were
built about a mile southwest of the old
ranch. The settlement was called Den
mis- after Dwight Dennis, former
ranch foreman on the Al Davis place.
But it's a chest town now.
/ think that was the beginning OF a
new era in eastern Montana and each
new era seems to bring more wealth
and prosperity. Our progressive farm
ers and ranchers don't let flood, drough
or grasshoppers run them out. Maybe
that's why Montana is called 1.-THE
Treasure State Like old prospectors'
they die but seldom quit.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-07-15


were on warpath and there was danger
of their breaking out at any time, SO
about a dozen families, including my
parents. and three single men decided
to build a fort on Indian Hill. This fort
was built in what was then old Custer
County, IS miles from Alzada, and To
miles from Camp Crook, S. D.
On the south side of the hill was
washout and cave. In this cave an
Indian had been buried. He had been
laid to rest wrapped in blankets. with
his gun and belongings. That's how the
hill cot the name Indian Hill. . In 1889
a rancher shipped the body and belong
ings to a museum in Chicago.
Indian Hill was about 400 feet higher
than the surrounding prairie. 1t was
flat on top. It was so steep on three
sides that it was difficult for a person
to crawl to the top The west side was
sloping so it was possible for saddle
horse or well. shod team to climb with
a light load.
The ranchers made a dugout on the
top of the hill about 80 by 20 feet and
about 61a feet deep. The roof was OF
poles and crotches and covered with
willows and slough hay. In digging the
fort they left a shelf of dirt about three
feet high, the length of the north side.
The shelf of dirt was where the beds
were made. The southwest corner was
left open for an entrance with dug-in
dirt steps. Along the south wall they set
UP two small cook stoves for heating the
fort and for cooking or preparing food.
There was a shortage of water, so the
men cut blocks of ice in the Little Mis-
souri,. These blocks of ice we're melted
when the water supply was low. The
men dug holes in the sides of the fort.
put up flat rocks for protection if they
had to shoot at the Indians.
Before the fort was finished a cow
boy came up the Little Missouri River
and notified the ranchers that so Indian
bucks were on the warpath, and they
either would be coming up Grand River
and the Little Missouri or go farther
southeast and come up White River
and Bad River They did come up the
latter and killed all the settlers or
ranchers in their path When we re-
ceived the message of the so bucks
on rampage we hurriedly took some
food, bedding and a few other articles
and all gathered at the old Capitol post
office, for this was the largest leg house
in the settlement. The next day when
the fort was ready we all moved in
Our food was mostly sour dough bis
cults and pancakes. SO we named the
fort, Fort Sourdough.
Mr. Olson had his violin, so he played
songs and the children sang their school
songs for entertainment We stayed in
this fort for five days. 1t was so cold
and damp nearly all the children we're
sick, so the parents decided to return
home We came home Christmas Eve,
but it did not seem much like Christ
mas. The homes had been left in a
hurry, there was shortage of food
for a Christmas dinner, but we we're
happy to be home again.
The next Gay I looked up the river
and noticed many horseback riders
coming. I was wild with fright and
Evening star., 1955-07-17

Famous Dromedary Ginger
breod Mix-the personal recipe
of George Washiagton's Mother.
Moist, rich, deiicious-and it's
secretspice Mend can't becopied!
Milford chronicle., 1955-10-21

Shop at the friendly Acme Mores this week check your
total food bill not just item tvoh0ts the way 70
how much you really do At the Acme you're sure to
get the BEST for LESS.
Milford chronicle., 1955-10-21

LOOK Muguzne asked thousands Of readers list their
favoe foods and feuured them in their Oct 4 issue. We
feature your fovorte foods every week Of the all
your NuioncY preferred br0nds at Acme lower prices.