davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-02-26
Fletcher Knebei-
Potomac Fever

The House the Democratic $40 for everybody
This victory for the For the Govern
ment go broke before he does
House members vote themselves $500 raise One law
maker earned of the raseconsderng
hard he worked to pass 1t.
There's howto" book how to raise from
boss contains only sentence Instead of being
self, be Congressman.
Secretary Of State Dulles celebrates his 67th
Bangkok. Times change. Two Republican
fellow who thought Bangkok the thing play
badminton
Michigan Democrats boom Gov Mennen Williams Presi
dent Gov Williams brings fresh boyish outlook politics
Democrats he'd make wonderful TV impression election
night-conceding to Eisenhower.
The Air Force reveals it's working
called Atlas This make armies and
nothing of civilians.
The Nationalist Chinese withdraw from Island.
lucky passed that defend Formosa
look as though there be other island left to defend
Evening star., 1955-02-26
Heavy January Enlistments
Nav Cut Draft Calls Sharply

the fiscal year-end strength
of 1,105, 600, some plans must be
made for lighter draft calls dur
ing the coming months.
There were 1.326,050 officers
and enlisted personnel in the
Army last December 81. The
number rose to 1,334,220 by the
end of January.
In addition to the cuts in draft
calls. the Army already has an
nounced accelerated releases
from active duty for some 10000
draftees.
The release of 10000 before
expiration of their active duty
terms is now being studied in
order to bring the Army within
manpower ceilings.
The Navy also picked up in
enliStments during January with
total of 21.673, compared with
5,220 in December. However, it
is not heavily over strength. The
total strength of the Navy at the
end of last month was 699,319,
compared with 686,683 on De-
cember 81.
The Air Force. the only service
which is scheduled to continue
a steady manpower buildup, en-
listed 1890 last month. There
now are 949,670 officers and en-
listed personnel in the air arm.
Marine Corps recruiting re-
mained about the same level in
January, when 1880 Joined up.
The total strength of that serv-
Ice dropped slightly to 2l7,366.
Evening star., 1955-02-26
IOInuS = 0ICKeS-
Congress Members on Spot
Will They Deny Taxpayers Small Measure of Relief
After Voting Themselves q 81 500 Pay Roise?

been as costly, as the Ray
burn proposal, as it was
limited to the taxpayer and
did not call for a $40 cut for
each member of the taxpay-
er's family.
Another consideration for
the member of Congress in
facing up to the dilemma is
his recognition that the new
salaries for members of Con-
gress look very handsome to
the great bulk of his constit-
uents, who are at the same
time the persons and families
OF small income who would
very much like to realize the
$40 across-the-board tax cut,
as it would mean so much to
them.
We who live here year after
year and observe members of
Congress closely know the de-
mands made upon them, the
higher cost of living here than
in SO many other communities,
and the difficult problems
they face and the industry of
most of them in their jobs.
But we discover also that this
is not always so well known
back home and that the new
salary is going to look mighty
upper bracket" to many of
their constituents, and nat
urally. This feeling is easily
exploited by a rival who would
like to unseat the member and
come here himself.
Now there's the prospect of
double jeopardy for the mem
ber, that is, in voting him.
self a pay raise and then voting
against tax relief for the
constituent of small means
who is so numerous at the
polling places.
Even from his newly achieved
eminence of a $22,500 salary
bracket. which is supposed to
attract men of principle and
courage, member neverthe-
less has his secret qualms in
facing the issue. That is more
than he might be able to make
for himself doing something
else.
Evening star., 1955-02-26

United States.
Sir Winston realizes that
this country has reached
insofar as American public
opinion is concerned - the
limit of concessions to the
Communists in China and
Russia. And that while the
policy of "go it alone" is not
popular. a policy Of drastic
retrenchments might become
so strong under the impact of
nonco-operation by Britain
that this country would be-
come hemisphere minded"
It was the Labor admins
tration of Prime Minister Att
lee, and not Churchill's Con-
servative government. which
rushed to recognize Commu-
mist China in 1850. And it was
the same Labor government
which pressured Washington
to tie the hands of our mill
tary commanders after the
Chinese Communist armies in
tervened in Korea and pre-
vented them from winning o
smashing victory.
It is most unlikely that Sir
Winston would have lent him.
self to such maneuvers. He
has no sympathy for commu-
nism, national or intarnation-
al. He has little use for Red
China and its leaders. And it
was with utmost reluctance,
say confidential reports from
London, that he gave his ap-
proval to the Attlee-Bevan
pilgrimage to Peiping last sum-
mer. Similar reports say he
has not much use for India's
Prime Minister Nehru. whom
he does not suspect of being a
Communist but only a fuzzy
minded hater Of the West.
The gains which British in
dustry and commerce could
make from trade with Red
China would nowhere near
compensate for the losses
which would result from a
break with the United States.
Thus. when the chips were
down in the last few weeks,
Sir Winston recognized that
Britain's pressure on the
United States concerning the
defense of the Nationalist is
lands would result only in a
schism with America. And he
decided on switch in Brit
aims Far Eastern policies.
Evening star., 1955-02-26

the biggest business in the
world, which is what the Gov
ernment of the United States
now is, and considering the
need for capable men in this
area of Government. Political
timidity long had delayed this
matter of simple economic JUS
tice and sound common sense.
But Congress, bolstered by a
report by a special commission,
finally got up enough spunk.
Then, that done, here comes
Mr.. Sam Rayburn.
There are two factors that
made this timing bad for mem
bers of Congress-even If
shrewd for the sake of the
project. itself.
One is that the $40 tax cut
is designed to appeal chiefly to
persons of small income who
were overlooked and became
the forgotten men and women
in the $3-billion tax bill en-
acted last year by the Repub-
lican 83d Congress.
That oversight was publicly
confessed by leading Repub-
lican figure in the Senate. This
was none other than Senator
Millikin of Colorado, who was
chairman last year of the SEN
ate Finance Committee which
drafted the Senate form of
that measure. You will remem-
ber the Democrats generally
were backing at that time the
amendment proposed by Sena-
tor George, Democrat, of
Georgia to increase exemptions
from $500 to $700 as a measure
of relief for the small tax
payer In an effort to head
that off, Senator Millikin pro-
posed a fiat $40 tax cut for
every taxpayer, explaining
when he did SO that this was
something for the small tax
payer.
Both the George and Milli-
kin proposals were defeated.
as you recall. The Millikin
$40 scheme was not as far
reaching, nor would 1t have
Evening star., 1955-02-26
Nugent Trial Told
OF Escape Promise
BY the Associoted Press

FORT SILL, Okla, Feb. 26.--
The Army court-martial of Maj.
Ambrose H. Nugent was told yes
terday that a peace committee
in a Korean prisoner of war
camp promised chance for a
mass escape of all prisoners.
1t. Col. Paul v. Lilies, a West
Point graduate from Birming-
ham, Ala, the senior American
officer in the same camp with
Maj. Nugent, said he (Col. Liles)
went along with plans for the
local committee because it prom
ised a chance to get some pris-
oner across the fighting lines to
arrange for a mass escape.
Mai. Nugent, As, of Merrill,
Wis, headed a peace committee
from which enemy propaganda
efforts developed. Mai. Nugent
is charged on nine counts of
collaboration with his Red cap
tors, including propaganda
broadcasts.
Maj. lilies said a North Ko-
rean propaganda officer named
Kim outlined purposes of a local
peace committee.
You can send messages, tele-
grams. letters, write articles and
even send selected emissaries to
speak to the U. N. and a world
peace meeting" he quoted Kim.
Evening star., 1955-02-26
Harry Gross Faces
S7.3 Million Tax Claim
BY the Associated Pres.

NEW YORK, Feb. 26.--Harry
Gross. former big-time book
maker soon eligible for parole,
faces a Government claim for
$7,328. TOO in back income taxes
and penalties.
A lien for this sum was filed
yesterday by the Internal Rev.
enue Service on any cash or
property Gross and his wife
might have. The agency said
they owe the money for the years
l946 through 1850, but did not
specify the amounts for each
year.
Gross, one-time head of a 500
million n-a-year bookmaking en-
pire, has been serving a six-year
sentence in the Bronx County
Jail. With time off for good
behavior, he will be eligible for
parole next month.
Evening star., 1955-02-26
Thomas L. Stokes

The politicians life is an un-
easy one. That goes for men,
bers of Congress who are con-
stantly on exhibition in the big
goldfish bowl which is the
Capitol Building.
They just voted themselves
an increase in pay. Many are
feeling squeamish about that.
Any time is a ticklish time to
vote yourself more pay. But
they thought they had picked
the best. The bills were
brought forward in House and
Senate at the beginning of a
new session of Congress, many
months away from the next
election, far enough away so
that voters would forget about
it, it is hoped.
But then, alas. along came
Speaker Sam Rayburn of the
House with his $40 across
the-board tax cut project for
every taxpayer, and every mem
ber of the taxpayers family.
When this was brought up for
action in the House, that body,
as we'll as the Senate, already
had voted themselves a pay
raise-the House setting its
figure at $25. 900, the Senate
at $22, 500, subject to a COM
promise to make the salaries
of each branch uniform.
President Eisenhower and
Secretary of Treasury Hum
phrey were outspoken against
the tax cut.
But members, who have to
vote-unlike those two gentle
men-found themselves on a
spot. 1t is right embarrassing
after you have voted yourself
handsome raise in salary to
deny a small measure of relief
to the taxpayer. Even though
it is clear that these are
entirely separate matters and
should be considered on their
individual merits.
Certainly a boost in salaries
of members of Congress is
long overdue, that is, consider
ing the important part they
have in the management of
Evening star., 1955-02-26
Elections Tomorrow
To Set Japan S Role
In Cold War Struggle
by the Associated Press

TOKYO, Feb. 26.-Japarl votes
tomorrow in a national election
that will help set the nations
course in the cold war struggle
between communism and the
West.
1t also will decide how fast
Japan will rearm.
Predictions are that the con-
servative parties will pile up a
commanding margin.
At stake are the 467 seats of
the House of Representatives,
which elects the Prime Minister
and makes Japan's laws.
A record 81 to 38 million Japa-
nese men and women-75 per
cent of those registered-are ex-
pected to vote.
These major parties are in the
race:
l. Prime Minister Ichiro Hato-
yama's Democratic Party (con-
servative), which now holds 124
seats in the lower house. Mr..
Hatoyama. II. favors increased
trade and diplomatic ties with
Japan's Communist neighbors,
Russia and Red China. but says
he does not want to weaken
Japan's strong bonds with the
United States.
2. The equally conservative
Liberal Party of former Prime
Minister Shigeru Yoshida, larg-
est now with 180 seats. The; Lib
erals warn against going too far
with Communist trade. They
follow solidly American foreign
policy.
3. The Right Socialists, with
81 seats. They tend to favor q
neutral course in the cold war
and oppose rearmament.
4. The Left Socialists, with "a
seats. The leftists range from
neutralism to pro-communism
and are strongly opposed to re-
arming Japan.
5. The Communists, who have
only one seat but have about 70
candidates in the race.
Evening star., 1955-02-26
KeyserIing Doesn't Expect
Democrats 10 Win in 1856
BY the Associated Press

RED BANK, N. j., Feb. 90
Democrat Leon Keyserling told
a Roosevelt Day dinner of the
Red Bank Americans for Demo-
cratic Action last night he does
not expect a Democratic presi-
Dental victory in 1856.
MIR. KeySerling, onetime eco
nomic adviser to former Presi-
dent Truman and a New Dealer,
outlined the record of the Eisen-
hover administration and then
added:
II believe the President will
run again. 1t is extremely diff
cult to wreSt victory from a
popular hero and a sincere man. /"
He said two things will help
the Republicans win again: The
people will remember that "the
boys" are back from Korea, and
the international situation will
gain votes, assuming there is no
general war.
Mr.. Keyserling told the ADA
members, Il may be stepping on
some toes. but / wonder about
the role of ADA in politics" He
said it was not good to have
small groups interfering in polit-
ical affairs.
Evening star., 1955-02-26
Constantine Brown

Winston Churchill. the only
living statesman in the real
meaning of the word, gave the
world another object lesson in
craftsmanship and practical
diplomacy when he made a
180-degree switch in Britain's
Far East policies to make them
dovetail at least partially with
those of America.
It has been an open secret
for some time that relations
between London and Washing
ton had become strained over
our commitments in the For
mosa Strait and our policy
toward Communist China.
Recently there had been
more than normal diplomatic
pressure on Washington to be-
come conciliatory toward the
Peiping regime. And while the
British government was ready
to recognize that Formosa was
an important segment Of our
Pacific defense system, 1t urged
us to give up all the offshore
islands to avoid q clash with
the Communists. We we're told
that in exchange Britain would
use all its influence in the
United Nations to give us a
trusteeship over Formosa and
the Pescadores.
The British had become &C.
cuStomed to Washington If
nally yielding" Our diplomacy
since the war, except for few
isolated instances, has been
one of concessions to all our
big allies. But to the surprise
of Sir Winston and the London
government, Washington was
adamant this time. Mr.. Dulles
told the British that while we
were willing to go far to meet
them, we could not yield in the
matter of Formosa. the Pesca-
dores. Quemoy and Matsu.
The United States made it
clear to London that we did
not expect physical help from
our Western European allies
in the event of a showdown
with Red China. However. we
would welcome moral support.
the only thing Britain could
offer. But even if this was not
forthcoming, Sir Winston was
told, we would continue the
line adopted by the admins
tration early this month.
The almost unanimous ap-
proval of both houses OF Con-
Evening star., 1955-02-26
Testimony Raises
Arms Cut Doubts
Among Senators
BY the Assoeiofed Press

Senator Russell, Democrat, of
Georgia said today a week of
secret testimony by top Penta-
gon officials left some Senators
highly dubious about plans to
cut back the Nations ground
and sea forces.
Questions of some Senators
indicate a very grave concern
about these reductions" said
Senator Russell, chairman of the
Senate Armed Services Commit
tee.
Secretary of the Navy Thomas
told the committee yesterday
plans to cut the Navy by $4,000
men and the Marines by $1,000
would leave the Navy with 657,-
900 officers and men and the
Marines with $4,000 as of July
]. 1855. Mr.. Thomas said such
a force would be adequate ito
carry out whatever mission may
be assigned to them outside of
a major conflict"
The Navy chief said a reduc-
ton of 100 active ships planned
sor during the next year would
be Sin the amphibious, auxiliary,
and small craft categories-types
which can be readily reactivated
in an emergency" He assured
the Senators this docs not alter
the 405 warship vessels which
we have been and will continue,
to operate"
He said the Navy would ask
Congress to authorize three more
atomic submarines, plus another
super carrier of the Forrestal
class. The Nautilus, worlds
first atomic sub, is undergoing
tests. The Sea Wolf, a second
nuclear underwater craft, is ex-
pected to be launched in two
or three months. Congress al
ready has authorized two others.
Senator Stennis. Democrat, of
Mississippi sharply questioned
Navy plans to retire amphibious
and supply craft after Gen.
Lemuel c. Shepherd. Marine
Corps commandant, said the mo-
bility of his force will be
geared very tightly to the Navy,
and we are depending on them,
as we always have. to get us
where we have to 60"
Evening star., 1955-02-26
u. ). Seeks Release
OF IS Flyers by
Setting Example
BY the Asseeia,sd Press

A new effort to obtain the re-
lease of is American flyers Jailed
in Red China is being made by
the United States-by setting an
example.
1t is returning to Red China
seven fishermen rescued by
United States Air Force planes
after they we're stranded on a
reef about 200 miles off Indo-
China. The fishermen came
from Hainan Island, just off the
Red China coast.
tThe American Red Gross in
Manila said one of the fisher
men had refused repatriation
"at this time" and would not
be returned. No reason was
given for his refusal.D
American officials reported the
incident to Dag Hammarskjold.
Secretary General of the United
Nations, emphasizing that the
United States behaves in a civil
lized way and sends castaways
home as quickly as possible.
Mr.. Hammarskjold made an
unsuccessful effort last month to
persuade Red China to release
the American flyers. who were
captured during the Korean war.
Eleven of them have been SEN
fenced to prison terms as spies
Officials said yesterday the Red
Chinese fishermen were rescued
last, May and taken to an Air
Force base at Manila. They have
remained there while arrange
ments were completed by the
Red Cross at Manila to return
them to their homes.
Evening star., 1955-02-26
KnowIand Sees U. n. Blow
If Red China Is Admitted

II Red China is admitted to
the United Nations, ut would
be destruction of all the moral
principles on which the United
Nations is to rest" Senator
Knowland. Republican, of Cali
fornia said last night.
He spoke at the second of q
series of lectures of the George
town University Law School.
held in John Carroll Auditorium,
Evening star., 1955-02-26
Manila Pact Farley
Called Conspiracy
By Moscow Radio
BY ,hs Asseeieisd Press

LONDON, Feb. 26. - Moscow
Radio charged today the Bang
kok Manila Pact Conference was
an American conspiracy :. for
the preparation Of new military
adventures against the peoples Of
Asia"
Two Soviet commentators
blasted the Southeast Asia Se-
curity Conference of eight Ma
Mia pact nations which ended at
Bangkok yesterday. ]
The eight nations agreed on
united action ito preserve and
strengthen the peace" Of South
east Asia and block those subtle
forms of aggression by which
freedom and self government are
undermined and mems minds
subverted." 4
During their three-day con-
ference permanent headquarters
were set UP in Bangkok and
committees created to deal with
military, subversive and eco
nomic problems.
Communism Mentioned.
Despite some sharp differences
of opinion. international COM
munism was mentioned in the
final communique of the South
east Asia Treaty Oganization
tSEATOl as a menace against
which members were united. 1t
was the first time the word
communism appeared in an off,
cial SEATO document since the
pact was signed in Manila last
September.
The eight pact nations are
the United States. Britain,
France. Australia. New Zealand,
the Philippines Republic. Pakis-
tan and Thailand.
The three-day conference
voiced determination of those
governments to support Com
bodia. Laos and South Wet Nam
in maintaining their freedom
and independence. Secretary Of
State Dulles plans to visit those
three Indo-C Chinese states after
a visit to Burma. strating today.
Moscow Radio Commentator
w. Zakharov said the meeting
of an aggressive bloc of colonial
powers and their puppets" pri-
marily was aimed at wrecking
the Geneva agreements.
Attacks Action.
The Geneva agreements. he
said. forbid Wet Nam. Laos and
Cambodia to take part in any
groupings. The talks in
Bangkok provided for the inte-
grafton of the southern part Of
Wet Nam, Laos and Cambodia
into the aggressive Manila pact"
Commentator Mikail Slavya-
nov said cit was not peace and
freedom that they were discuss.
ing behind closed doors in Bang
kok but how, to throttle Asian
peoples desire for freedom and
peace. how to maintain tension
in the Far East" ,,
Meanwhile, in Bangkok in
formed Thai sources said today
The Manila meeting of military
planners under the Southeast
Asia Defense Treaty Organiza-
ton has been set for April 6.
These sources said the Manila
session would be followed by one
at Bangkok beginning June l8.
Evening star., 1955-02-26
MatusoW Publisher
Summoned as Senate
Probes Finance Data
By the Asseeiassd Press

Senate investigators dug today
into the financing Of the firm
that has agreed to publish a book
by Harvey Matusow, the turn
about witness.
Albert E. Kahn, one of the
publishers, was called back by
the Senate Internal Security
subcommittee for more question:
ing behind sosed doors this
morning. He was asked to bring
the firms financial records.
Chairman Eastland. Democrat,
of Mississippi said after Mr..
Kahn first was questioned last
Wednesday it was obvious to the
subcommittee that the publish
ing firm sis a propaganda agency
for far left causes"
Mr.. Kahn and his partner,
Angus Cameron. are to testify
later at a public hearing.
The subcommittee is trying to
find where the truth lies in
Matusow's reputation of testi-
mony he gave as a self described
former Communist at congress
sional Investigations and at trials
of Communists. where he was a
paid witness for the Govern
ment.
To Furnish Names.
Senator Eastland said Mr..
Kahn had agreed to furnish the
names of all individuals who
helped finance the firm of Cam
eron and Kahn. He said Mr..
Kahn also had been asked to
produce the books Of the firm
and the names of persons who
received advance copies of Matu-
sow's forthcoming book. False
Witness"
Senator Eastland said testi-
mony already received made it
obvious the firm sis financed by
a labor union of the extreme,
left because of the point of view
of its product.
He declined to name the
union. but he said. "My impress
sion is that the financing is done
through orders in advance for
books"
Matusow told the subcommit-
tee earlier this week the Mine,
Mill and Smelter Workers Union,
expelled from the C1O on
grounds it was Communist DOM
mated, had ordered in advance
about 5000 copies of his book.
Further Hearings.
Matusow, the subcommittee
announced yesterday, has been
summoned to return here. Mon
day for further public hearing.
He testified for two days earlier
this week, saying he had been
an habitual liar. but now was
telling the truth. However, sub
committee members. openly ex-
pressing disbelief, have said
they hope to see bin convicted
Of perjury.
Meanwhile, in New. York a
Government witness said yester-
day that Matusow offered last
year to investigate Communists
in colleges provided he was
paid $50 a day.
Albert Binder, a former
United States assistant district
attorney, testified in Federal
Court that Matusow made the
offer to the New York Board of
Higher Education, but that it
was not accepted.
Binder was witness at a
hearing on a motion by 13 Com
munists for a new trial on con-
spiracy. The motion was based
on Matusow's recanting of his
testimony.
Evening star., 1955-02-26
Park Directors Elect

MARTINSBURG, w. Va. Feb.
26 (SpeciaD Kermit McKeever,
assistant director of the West
Virginia Conservation Commits
sion and chief of this States
park system, has been named
president of the Association of
Southeastern State Park Direc-
tors.
Evening star., 1955-02-26
The Lucifer Spirits

The Christian Rose Cross Nom
sectarian Church will discuss
1.-The Lucifer Spirits" at a meet
ing at 4 pm. tomorrow in the
YWCA. Seventeenth and K
streets NV.