davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-06-12
POLIO
Public Health Tells
Its Version of What
Happened to Vaccine

The Public Health Service finally
released its official explanation Of
what went wrong with the polio
vaccination program. but the re-
port seemed likely to start another
wave Of controversy.
The report said:
0 The Salk formula for killing the
polio virus in the vaccine did not
operate with sufficient margin of
safety in mass production.
. Government safety controls were
not strict enough to permit the Pub
lie Health Service to keep close
check on the manufacturing proc
eSS.
. Production under new standards
will make future vaccine safe.
. A new Division Of BiologicS
Standards will be created to keep
check on future vaccine manufac-
turing programs.
Reaction to the report was un-
favorable in some Capitol Hill cir
cieS and In the National Foundation
for Infantile Paralysis.
Basil O'Connor, president Of the
foundation, said the report was
only the Public Health Service
version" He urged the public to
wait and see what DR.. Jonas Salk,
developer of the vaccine, had to
say. He criticized the Department
of Health, Education and Welfare
for not sending a copy Of the report
to the foundation - the group
which sponsored and is distributing
the vaccine.
On the Hill. the Senate Labor
and Public Welfare Committee said
1t would hold hearings this week
on the polio snafu.
h Senators. particularly Democratic
Evening star., 1955-06-12
ATOMS
Eisenhower Offers
To Shore American
NucIeur Know-HoW

This country is convinced it could
not long survive the cold war with
out large stockpile Of atomic
bombs. But at the same time, the
bombs make the cold war more diff
ficult to wage in neutral areas,
because they give the United States
a menacing look.
President Eisenhower has tried
to- remove the curse of atomic
weapons by offering to share the
benefits of peaceful nuclear energy
with the world. He has drawn en-
ticing pictures of better medicine,
better agriculture and better indus
try for all if atoms are put properly
to work.
He invited Russia to join in an
"atoms- -for-peace" program. but
the Kremlin stalled. The United
States and Britain finally went
ahead alone, setting up small
bank" of fashionable material for
other countries to draw from.
U. N. Plan
Last December the United Nations
moved on another Eisenhower sug-
gestion. It voted unanimously
with Russia participating-to set
up an atomic energy commission
and call a conference Of the worlds
scientists to swap ideas on peaceful
uses Of atomic energy. This meet
ing will be held in Geneva next
August. Russia will attend and Is
reported to be ready to share atomic
know-how that is new to the West.
Yesterday, in an apparent effort
to keep the initiative for the United
States, President Eisenhower an
nounced a two-part program for
sharing Americas atomic resources
with friendly" and free" nations.
He suggested this country pay half
the cost of atomic research reactors
and supply the nuclear material
needed as fuel.
The President also repeated
Americas promise to make tech
nical atomic information available
and to train foreign scientists.
These aspects of the program are
already under way.
Mr.. Eisenhower remarked point
edly that Russia had not accepted
his suggestion that the countries
which have fashionable material
make some of it available to have
not nations. The implication was
clear that Russia is not as generous
with it's atomic resources as the
United States.
Evening star., 1955-06-12
COLD WAR
Reds Watt Olive Branch
At Germany as Talks
By Big 4 Draw Near

This spring has been time for
testing of Americas friends. Mos
COW. the worlds biggest bully, is
trying to WOO Washington's allies
and associates with sweet talk and
minor concessions.
Earlier this month the Soviet
Unions topmost officials went to
Yugoslavia to patch up their seven
year quarrel with Marshal Tito.
They gave him trade concessions.
He gave them nothing-at least
nothing that appeared in the final
communique. At best. the Kremlin
made only tentative beginning
at burying the hatchet.
Last week the Kremlin sent a
cordial note to West Germany's
Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, one
of the stancheSt anti-C Communists
anywhere. They offered to set up
diplomatic and trade relations with
his country. He offered nothing
but q civil hearing. He accepted
the invitation in principal but
asked for more details before COM
mitting himself. Washington acted
something like a jealous husband.
trying hard to believe in the con-
stancy Of the allies Moscow was
counting but still unable to suppress
its doubts completely.
President Eisenhower and his
Secretary of State both gave Chan
cellor Adenauer their blessing. Both
expressed complete confidence that
he would not loosen his ties to the
United States and the North At
lantic community. But they also
knew that Bonn would want to lis
ten closely to what the Soviet
Union has to say.
Threot and Promises
The Reds note to Chancellor
Adenauer, broadcast Tuesday, con-
tained one threat and two promises.
The threat rs that Germany
Evening star., 1955-06-12

bill seemed to satisfy everybody
but w. Sterling Cole, Republican,
of New York, who voted against
the measure. Probably Mr.. Cole
spoke for a lot of people. however.
when he explained his mo" vote:,.
ut was a protest against the
bungling, the mishandling and the
political chicanery of the whole
business"
The postal lobby is one of the
most powerful on the Hill. 1t
wanted a 10 per cent raise. The
President wanted per cent
boost and adjustment of classifica-.
ton and pay inequities. After more
than year of political jockeying-
in which Democrats wanted to be
more generous to the postmen-
the two sides settled on per cent
plus adjustments the President re-
quested.
Evening star., 1955-06-12

A in labor relations dawned last week when
Walter P Reuther head of the CIO and the United Auto
Workers got form of job security for 100000 hourly
employees of the Ford Motor Co.
1t started out to be guaranteed annual wage" What
turned out to be might be described moreor-less
semannua wage For the first time in the hectic
history of the automobile industry major producer accepted
part of doing business the responsibility of caring for
workers who laid off through fault of their
Evening star., 1955-06-12
Security

The Government employe security
program has been enmeshed in
controversy since its inception
under President Truman. The
program of necessity carries
built-in dispute between Govern
ment security and individual rights
"a dispute heightened by partisan
politics.
This year was to be made men,
orable by slashing attack on the
Eisenhower security program by
Democrats and civil rights advo-
Gates. But little blood has been
shed.
When it came to a showdown.
the Democrats looked for digni-
fed method of attack, for they did
not want to be accused of softneSs
toward subverSion. A Senate Gov
ernment Operations subcommittee
voted two weeks ago to set up a
special bipartisan commission to
study the security program. And
the Senate Post Office and Civil
Service subcommittee opened a
quiet investigation.
So far the investigators have lis
tened to two key witnesses, one Re-
publican and one Democratic. The
Republican, Harry P. Cain of Wash
ington, member of the Subversive
Activities Control Board, blasted
the program as "totalitarian" and
said it should be thoroughly re-
vised. The former McCarthyite
Senator from Washington ampli-
fed his views on CBS' Face the
Nation" last Sunday. when he said
the Attorney Generals subversive
list should be scrapped.
The Democrat, who testified last
week, was Philip B. Perlman. solicit
tor general under President Tru-
man. Mr.. Perlman said the pres
ent program jumbled loyalty. secu-
rity and unsuitability firings into
one undistinguishable mess. The
program has become. he said, "a
potent and ruthless weapon against
the freedoms and liberties and
rights of the people" He recon-
mended that Congress write new
program that would set definite
standards for security f1rings.
Evening star., 1955-06-12
ISRAEL
Arub-Jewish Crisis
Looms Anew in Guzu,
Crowded Sore Spot

The long -smoldering Arab-1srael
dispute moved toward what looked
like a new crisis last week.
Heavy fighting in Palestine ended
six years ago. The newly sovereign
state of Israel was Immediately rec
cognized by many nations. But not
by the Middle East's Arab bloc.
These "anti-Semitic" Semites never
admitted the war was over, or that
the state of Israel existed.
Sporadically. ever since, there
have been clashes between the new
Israel governments military forces
and the soldier-civilian Arab armies.
Recently there have been almost
daily-or riiehtly-f1re fights be-
tween Egyptians and Israeli in the
vicinity of the GAIA strip. This is
a desert region along the Mediter-
ranean, between Israel and Egypt,
where Arab refugees are living in
tent cities, eking out bare exist
ence. hoping someday to return to
Israel whence they fed during the
war.
Unsympathetic Israel won't let
them in. Sympathetic Egypt wont.
either.
Life on the Dole
Meanwhile, the United Nations.
subsidized heavily by the United
States, is keeping the refugees alive.
They are multiplying-living on the
dole.
Over the heads of these unfortu-
nate refugees the bullets of Irsaeli
and Egyptian partisans ricochet
with grim monotony. Murders are
an almost daily event.
Last week the United Nations Sc
curity Council and its mediators in
the field sounded new alarm.
Egypt's Premier Canal Abdel
Nasser has issued a typical two
sided statement. On the peaceful
side, he suggested that both sides
withdraw and make the GAIA strip
a demilitarized zone. On the
bellicose side. he added that if Israel
tries to seize the GAIA strip. Egypt
will resume the war.
The Israeli, for their part, are
once again under the influence Of
their lion-hearted former Premier,
David Ben-Gurion. recently re-
turned from retirement to become
Defense Minister. He is giving no
quarter.
Israeli are not accepting U. N.
mediators' suggestions for reducing
tensions. The Egyptians are. This
Israeli attitude, plus the determined
belligerency of men on the Israeli
side of the border, has turned some
world support away from the, new
Jewish nation.
Rejected U. N. Terms
These are the U. N. terms which
Israel refused to accept:
/. Joint patrols should tour the
border
2. Barbed-wire fences should be
built along the frontier.
3. Only disciplined troops mot
hothead disSidents) should be al
lowed in the border area.
4. Military commanders of both
sides should agree to cooperate in
quelling illegal" (unauthorizeO
border raids.
Last week Americas United Ma
tions representative, Henry Cabot
Lodge. jr., used his temporary
eminence as U. NJ Security Council
president to call for peace.
In his letter to Arabs, Jews and
Security Council members, Mr..
Lodge did not outline any course Of
action to ease the situation. but
emphasized the increasing concern
that world diplomats are feeling
over the Palestine situation. II
either the East or the West should
find these troubled waters worth
fishing in, Of course, the conflict
could easily spread to more than a
globally unimportant Egypt Israel
disNlte over small deseyt area.
Evening star., 1955-06-12
Postal Pay

It took more than q year fol
postal workers to get their pay
raise, but last week it was all but
in their pockets. The House gave
its final approval, 407 to /, and
President Eisenhower signed the
bill. The first big pay checks will
come at the end Of the pay period
beginning June 16.
On the surface at least, thy say
Evening star., 1955-06-12

The fact that it was Henry Ford
II who sanctioned this epoch
making step impelled many re-
porters and commentators to liken
the young Henry to the old one,
who Al years ago staggered Amer
ican industry by volunteering to
pay his workmen a phenomenal IS
a day. Counting fringe benefits,
auto workers today make about $40.
The new contract between Ford
and the auto workers was far
cry from what either side originally
wanted. In one sense. it was
compromise, like all labor contracts.
But in a more important sense it
was q victory for Mr.. Reuther IN
that it accepted the guaranteed
annual wage principle.
The UAW originally had demand
ed a full weeks pay every week of
the year for every auto worker.
The union got about two-thirds
pay guaranteed for up to 26 idle
weeks a year.
The union wanted GAW financed
from a $3.50 million fund based on
past payroll experience. 1t got a
SIS million fund based on current
payrolls.
25-Cent Package
In all, the Ford-UAW package
represented something between 20
and IS cents an hour in wage raises
and fringe benefits. 1t will run
for three years instead Of the two
years the union asked for in the
new contract.
Not all workers were satisfied.
At Ford especially, the unionists
had long been fed on the rich, red
meat of a full guaranteed annual
wage or strike. They didn't get
the full GAW and they didn't get
the strike. Some of them staged
wildcat work stoppages, but by the
end of the week peace settled down
over Ford.
Meanwhile the union turned it's
guns on the biggest of motormakers,
the General Motors Corp. Nego-
tiations centered on getting for
GINS hourly rated employees at least
as much as Ford got and. If pos
sible, more. The union delayed
GINS June 7 contract expiration
until tomorrow in order to give
more time to negotiators.
But GIN workers started taking
matters into their own hands.
Wildcat strikes cropped up in many
plants, and the company shut down
operations in some others.
Pottern Set
But most persons doubted that
the strikes would become general
because the pattern has already
been set by Ford and logically GIN
has nowhere else to go. For the
unions part, while its bargain
ers might try to squeeze more out
of GIN, the union almost certainly
would prefer what Ford conceded
rather than a long and costly strike.
With $4,000 GIN workers on the
picket line, the unions huge strike
fund, estimated at $25 million
would last only about three weeks.
The generally optimistic outlook
for labor peace was reflected in
Wall Street. where GIN common
stock-selling earlier this year at
107-recovered from a slump into
the 90s and went back up last
week to close Friday at 100. This
rise impelled a wag to paraphrase
Robert Browning's "Pippa Passes:
The years at the spring,
The days at the morn;
Mornings at SeDen;
The hillside's detD-penrled:
The ldrk's on the Ding;
The snaips on the thorn:
GINS at 100
Aus right tDith the 1uorld!
Evening star., 1955-06-12

wanted to know why the Public
Health Service had been unpre-
pared to handle mass production
of the vaccine, why DR.. Salk had
been criticized by inference for
his formula, why doctors had dis
agreed with the original wording
of parts of the report, why it was
necessary to create new Division
of Biologics Standards and what
the real story was of the Cutter
vaccine.
Evening star., 1955-06-12

would be completely demolished in
any new war.
The promises were % increased
trade which would undoubtedly
interest Germany's big industrial
ists-and (2) reunification, which
all shades Of opinion in Germany
support.
Kremlin policymakers had gone
to the core of the problem of peace
in Europe, and deftly played on
German fears of annihilation in
case of future war. The Soviet note
made no mention of neutrality for
Germany. That would be incompat-
ible with independence for Bonn.
But the threat was plainly an at
tempt to help West Germany
choose neutralism of its own ac-
cord. Neutralism has many back
ers in West Germany.
But the Kremlin has such a long
record of insincerity that only a
genuine disarmament program-by
the Soviet Union and the rest Of
the world-could produce the con-
ditions under which German neu-
tralism would be possible. Then, of
course, neutralism would be un-
necessary. Until then it is impos-
sible. Germany is too big a coun-
try, geographically and econom-
ically, to use its influence impair
TALLY as between East and West.
To counter the neutralist senti-
ment at home, Herr Adenauer is
trying to push disarmament as the
next goal of free world diplomacy.
Reds World Outlook
The Kremlin note also threw
important new light on the Soviet
attitude toward world relations
generally. 1t accented Moscow's
new interest in bilateral diplomacy.
First the Communists dealt individ-
ually with Austria, then with
Yugoslavia, and now with West
Germany.
Big Four talks, which begin at
the foreign ministers level in San
Francisco later this month. thus
are not likely to have the import
ance of the Yalta and Potsdam
meetings, where fates of whole
blocs of countries were decided by
a few men. Secretary of State John
Foster Dulles and President Eisen-
hover went out of their way again
last week to re-emphasize that not
much can be expected from the
heads-of-State meeting expected to
be held this summer.
The President is thinking in
terms of a generation as the time
necessary to settle the world back
down to global peace. He did
concede at his press conference
Wednesday that he might stay at
the projected heads-of meet
ing with Russian, British and
French representatives for five or
six days if the talks turned out to
be productive. He is obviously OPP
timistic about long range implica-
tions of the Soviet Unions recent
switch of tactics, but is at great
pains to keep the American people
from expecting too much in a
hurry.
Britain, France and the United
States formally invited the Soviet
Union to begin the top-level talks
July 18 in Geneva. There had been
no reaction from Moscow as this
Review went to press.
In the meantime, this schedule
of high-level conferences was an
nounced:
Next Thursday and Friday
British, French and American for
eign ministers meet in New York.
One week from tomorrow
United Nations 10th anniversary
meeting in San Francisco begins.
During this session, the Big Three
foreign ministers are scheduled to
meet with Soviet Foreign Minister
v. M. Molotov on preparations for
the heads of state conference.
Evening star., 1955-06-12
Nehru in Moscow

India's Prime Minister Jawaharlal
Nehru last week cashed In the rain
check on that Moscow visit he had
postponed in February while Pre-
mier Georgi Malenkov was being
busted. hThe new Kremlin team
Arkansas State press., 1955-11-18
White Man Faces Sedlfion Charges
For Selling Home to Negro Friend

LOUISvTLE-A white southerner has been sentenced
years in prison and fined $1,000 for selling his od
Kentucky home" a Negro friend
The who had the courage to take this step in the
face Of tremendous organized opposition is Carl Braden
longtime resident Of Louisville.
Free $4,000 ball. Mr.. Braden is in New York,
seeking support of labor church civic groups his
fight against Jim
The Negro family who bought the house ard is try
ing to occupy Mr. and Mrs Andrew Wade Since
ing in they have been given the full treatment by the
tremss who determined TO the WadeS from v
ing in an awhie neighborhOod Rifle bullets fired into
the Wades while they slept rocks thrown thru
windows and burned nearby On June 2Tth the
house was half destroyed by dynamite slipped into venti
The Wades sitting side porch when the
bomb went off thus narrowly escaping death
Altho a confession reported, arrested.
Instead of ndicng those responsible for the violence
GRAND Jury called September indicted Mr. Mrs Braden
and five other white persons who had assisted the WadeS
in one way or another charges of sedton The sedon
charges were the prosecutions fantastic contention
that the of the house plot stir racial strife
If the Kentucky of appeals which will hear the
ease shortly the decision and Braden is
able TO pay the 5000 fine imposed him by the court he
will be compelled work it the rate of $500 day.
This will mean total of p years in prison.
Arkansas State press., 1955-11-18
Farm Bureau Federation Opens Two
Day Convention at Ark. Bapt. College

When the Negro division of the
Arkansas Farm Bureau federation
opens here at the Arkansas Bap-
fist college, Monday. two top per-
sonalities will appear on the pro-
gram Governor Orval E. Faubus
and Sherman Briscoe. Information
Specialist. USDA. Washington. ID.
C. according 10 John Cannon,
ir, president
This session will be the eighth
annual convention of the fedora
ton. The entire program which
will last for two days, will be
conferred around bringing informa-
ton 10 the membership concern
inr the general overall program
Of Farm Bureau and farming, &C
cording TO Mr.. Cannon.
The first formal session Of the
convention will be held at 10 a.
m. with s v. Clemmons. vice
president serving as master Of
ceremonies.
The morning session will be
devoted 70 committee appoint
ments. reports, and the presidents
message.
During the afternoon the dele
gates will hear Joe c Hardin,
president, Arkansas Farm Bureau
federation; Kenneth S. Bates as,
sistant director. Agricultural ex.
tension service. College Of Agri-
culture and Home Economics
University Of Arkansas; and Ora.
dy Knight assistant state super
visor. Vocational Agriculture, Stat.
depaT tment OF education Picken
Black. jr., will serve as master o
ceremonies.
The convention banquet Ia
been scheduled for 100 D. m
Monday mite. Mr.. Briscoe viii b,
! the banquet speaker.
Arkansas State press., 1955-11-18
State Of Mississippi Advised to
- Become Part of USA"
NAACP ATTORNEY
Tells Audience

JACKSON Miss-Thureood Marshall NAACP specal
mas advised The state Of Mississippi stop trying
USA" ~ ~ - ''
The civil rights attorney spoke Al the tenth annual con
Fehoe q Tie Mississippi State NAACP here last week
lie pointed out that the good people Of Missiles pp
mose VINO believe in their Good and their eaunrF c-nr
escape The responsibility 70 allowing atmosphere OF law.
.es5ness TO continue"
lehg that There are many good peple in Miss ssipp"
Mf Marshall concluded they have been driven
behind "steel-lined cotton curtain"
lie attorney cited Mississippi laVlessnass III fa!gr
eelie legal conviction Of anyone for murders tire
Negroes IN that state the denial of the Nefo. ant
The refusal 10 deSegregate public schools ha University
81 Mississippi IN line with Supreme Court decisions
The most law abiding, peaceful religious fepac M 49,.
gro in Mississippi in this late date Is "a
right To vote but stands chance being killed solely for POI
hey asking for the right vote" Mr.. Marshall asserted
ANY Negro in Mississippi who daTcs exercise rs eaEsu-
tonal protected right ask school hoard flr .ep
schools will either lose his job be denied norma 20 o.
See Mr.. MARSHALL-page four
Arkansas State press., 1955-11-18
Alters Open Meeting at
.Phi!ander Smith College

State project winners Arkansas Negro All club pro-
gram be among the 100 people attending
annual state II congress Phsnder Smith college this
week
Announcement of these state winners made by C. A.
Vines associate director of the Agricultural Extension service
which conducts All club work They honored
quet program Thursday mite when awards presented by
L. L. Phillips Negro All club agent
Ten of the 81 received $50 savings bonds
four got S5 bonds and presented gold watches.
and earned $50 college scholarships The banquet
the college dining
Included in the number attending the project win
ners, leadership and achievement champions county
champion boy and girl from of % counties that have
Negro extension agents. scholarship and other state activity
winners state council officers and All leaders, extension
agents, sponsors and guests.
Arkansas State press., 1955-11-18

confined first 10 a wheel chair
and later 10 bed Nothing Known
TO science heals or cures. The
disease creeps Up on old and
young. married and single. black
and white. II strikes without
warning and kills in all cases.
You may be next
The magnificent thing about
this century is the way it orga-
nizes TO fight disease We have
had the tuberculosis fund. the
cancer fund, and recently the mus
cular dyStrophy fund. As steps
have been taken 10 identify and
cure consumption and cancer. so
also is II hoped that progress can
be made toward finding the cause
and cure OF this, the most re-
cent menace to health and life.
In 1850. the Musculer Dys,rophy
See MARCH-paEe for