davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-05
Tax Fiqht Certain

One of the livelieSt issues certain to
come before the next session Of the 84th
Congress will be that Of tax reduction.
AS long ago as last January, President
Eisenhower told Congress in his Economic
Report that it might in 1855 consider
enacting a general, though moderate,
reduction in taxes" subsequently, DEM
ocratic efforts this year to reduce indi-
vidual income tax liability in the lower
brackets were defeated. It is probable
now that both parties will sponsor tax
relief measures next winter although the
formulas involved perhaps will be far
apart.
Actually, the administration Is not
in an enviable position on the issue.
balanced budget has been one of the
stated Republican detectives since the
1852 campaign but deficit financing has
not yet been eliminated While revenues
exceeded estimates for the fiscal year
recently ended, there was a deficit of
nearly $40 billion and another of $24
billion is projected for the current fiscal
year Tax reduction that would apply to
the last half of this fiscal year-the first
six months of calendar 1956-would make
budget balancing all the more difficult.
That the fight will cross party lines
was indicated most recently in weekend
statements by two influential Senator's
Chairman Bridges of the Republican
Policy Committee and Democratic Chair
man Byrd of the Finance Committee.
In the view Of each, the budget will not
be balanced If there are further tax re-
ductions. Each favors budget balancing
through curtailment of expenditures but
offers little hope these will be cut enough
to permit tax relief.
When the showdown comes, the de-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-05
Lie to Remember

When the Chinese Communists an
nounced that they were releasing the II
imprisoned American airmen, they said
that the ranking officer, Col. John Knox
Arnold, ir., had been captured while wan
dering around on hill in Manchuria.
This was designed to At in with their
contention that the BIO in which the
men were flying had been shot down while
engaged in an espionage mission over
Chinese territory.
Our Government denied this. It's
version was that the plane was making
a routine leaflet-dropping fight over
North Korea at the time it was forced
down This was accepted with some reser-
walton, since it is not always possible for
those who remain behind to know the
exact location of plane when 1t Is at
tackled by the enemy and shot down.
If there ever was room for doubt,
however, it has now been removed. Colo
mel Arnold, who knows what he is talking
about, says his plane was shot down in
North Korea about IS or 40 miles south
of the Yalu River-the boundary line with
Manchuria. Furthermore, all Of the crew
members bailed out and were captured
in North Korea.
This stamps the Peiping version as
q deliberate lie. And 1t Is lie worth
remembering. For 1t means that we are
dealing with a government which trades
in lies, and this has significant bearing
on the discussions with the Chinese Com
munists which are now under way in
Geneva.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-05
Statistical

Let's look into the $4,000
expense account" Louis E.
Wolfson receives.
Granting a 20 per cent profit
for operations. it means that
Capital Transit has to collect
100000 in fares.
At five tokens for rs cents,
it would require collection of
100000 tokens!
II the average bus holds so
passengers, 1t would take 49,
900 busloads of fare-paying
passengers to pay for Mr.. Wolf
sons expense account!
Another view Of this Tex
pense account: If the aver
age bus be IS feet long, these
10000 loaded buses, JAM
packed with 100000 passen-
gers, would, If placed bumper
to bumper, span a distance of
rs miles!
1t is no wonder that the peo-
pie of Washington are being
threatened with 30-cent fare.
Frank J. McHale.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-05
No Aerial Inspection

Premier Bulganin's rejection of Pres
ident Eisenhower's proposal for recip-
rocal aerial inspection and an exchange
of military blueprints comes against the
background of the disclosures Of new
Russian tests of nuclear weapons. There
is nothing surprising about either devel-
opment.
1t is not likely that the President
expected the Russians to accept his pro-
posal. And it is doubtful that 1t would
have been very effective If it had been
adopted. For as Mr. Bulganin has pointed
out, Russia and the United States en-
compass vast areas. Either country, II
it wished to do so, could conceal military
installations from the searching eyes Of
Photographic planes. Had the Russians
agreed to the plan, it might have proved
to be, as the President suggests. first
step toward an effective inspection sys-
tenn. Even this is questionable, however,
and it follows that nothing of any great
consequence has been lost by the Krem-
Inns decision.
Much of the same thing can be said
Of the Atomic Energy Commissions an
nouncement that the Russians are con-
tinuing to test nuclear weapons. We
certainly are not going to discontinue our
testing program unless and until 1t is
possible to work out an effective dis
armament plan, based on a trustworthy
system of international inspection. And
the Russians are not going to stop theirs,
either.
It may be worthwhile at this stage
to revert again to the Big-Four meeting
at Geneva. No outstanding problems
were settled there, and no one thought
that any would be settled. At best,
pathway was cleared, and a more har-
monious atmosphere was created, for the
meeting Of the Foreign Ministers in
October.
Mr.. Bulganin says that "the Soviet
Union will do everything in its power to
make the forthcoming october talks sue
cessful" President Eisenhower alluded
to the meeting Of the Foreign Ministers
at his press conference yesterday, and
indicated his belief that the real test of
Soviet intentions will come at that time.
So the sensible thing to do now is to
take things like Premier Bulganin's
speech and the ACC announcement in
stride. Without being unduly optimistic
or excessively pessimistic, let's wait and
see what happens in October.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-05
WSTAS IN SCIENCE
Turninq Back of Time Studied
By THOMAS r. HENRY

painful electric shock to a
hand placed on a metal plate.
The natural automatic reac-
ton to the shock was to
withdraw the hand from the
plate. After a sufficient num-
Der of trials the hand would
be withdrawn at the sound of
the buzzer alone, without any
shock. The reaction became
automatic and unavoidable.
Then these subjects were
hypnotized and protected
backwards in time for a pc
Rod a month or more, before
the conditioned reflex had
been established. Presumably
they were living, to all in
tents and purposes. at an ear
lier period when they had no
knowledge Of buzzer and
shock.
Again they were subjected
to the simultaneous sound of
the buzzer and painful sensa-
ton in the hand. They re-
sponded only to the shock.
The buzzer caused no re-
Spouse at all. This seemed to
be evidence that the age re-
erosion was actual. One
can't confabulate in terms of
conditioned reflexes.
The Texas experimenters
then went one step further,
establishing with a different
group of students a different
kind Of conditioned reflex.
The subject was seated directly
in front Of a small table. On
top of the table was a movable
attachment to which q piece
OF plastic tubing was secured.
This tubing was adjusted so
that the open end was approx
imately an inch in front Of
the subjects right eye. One
second after q slight tap on
the wrist a puff of air was
blown into the eye. This
caused rapid blinking. After
an appropriate number Of
trials the eye would blink at
the tap on the wrist alone
without the puff of air.
When these subjects were
hypnotized to period before
the experiment started the
tap on the wrist caused the
eye to blink Just the same.
The students certainly were
living entirely in the present,
so far as that particular expe-
rience was concerned.
Different nerve pathways
are involved in the two exper-
iments. The eye blinking re-
Spouse was more fundamental
neurologically than the hand
withdrawal. It is less control
liable. The age repression, the
experimenters conclude. does
not extend to the basic neuro-
physiological system of a
human being.
On the other hand, they
say. there can be no salts
factory explanation until there
Is some understanding of the
nervous system basis of hyp-
ENTHUSIASTICALLY of the re-
erosion phenomenon,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-05
'GIoboIoney Planners

r en- emil Der the highly
Wanted M day of the l930s
when the predecessors of our
current globaloney planners
blueprinted the wartime pro-
duction Of every factory of
consequence in the country.
Remember also. how those in
tricate M day plans were ash
canned after Pearl Harbor, as
America. attacked, poured bill
lions into production Of ma
terrell never contemplated by
the master blueprint.
Today. nearing the 10th an
niversary of VI day. the
American public is not only
paying about 10 billions an
nually for service on the ma
tional debt. but is laying out
another $31 billion annually to
the globaloney planners, who
are beating the drums for
universal military training and
Q standing army Of reservists
which will impose involuntary
Servitude upon every future
youth from his maturity to six
years beyond. Worse still, this
servitude will be directed by a
small group Of ostriches from
the two service academies.
which have trained them to
refrain from thought and
speech concerning the one
phase Of international rela-
tons with which this country's
safety and future are most
concerned.
Until some world power pos
sesses a trained army in being.
plus a navy and auxiliary feet
capable Of transporting that
army to our shores, and land
ing them against our opposi-
ton and thereafter supplying
them from q foreign source of
supply. America Is not in dan
ger Of subjugation by any
power on earth. No potential
enemy on earth at present
meets those requisites, and
until one takes the steps nee
essary. America has no need
Of huge military force except
for q foreign excursion Of its
own. Since we have disentan-
gled ourselves from such glo-
baloney containment disasters
as Korea. let us return our
first line Of defense back across
the Pacific where 1t belongs
and instruct the trade school
boys to confine their activities
to Newport and Fort McNair,
where a mistake means only q
mark Of less than four point
zero. rather than human hos
tages and loss Of national pres
tige, neither Of which can be
conveniently stamped conf
Dental, secret or top secret
and pigeon-holed.
For purposes Of invasion the
Atlantic and Pacific are still
5000 miles and 5000 miles
across. respectively; and COM
pared to the 80 miles of Eng
fish Channel or the island
hopping sorties from Australia
to Japan which took prodi-
gious effort and four years of
time, that's an awful lot Of
water.
Frank ]. Oberg.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-05
Gets Bad Reaction

EVer-anonymous "Old Reac-
tionary" quotes Lenin in an
attempt to prove that we
should consider the present
Russian efforts to establish
communication between their
nation and ours as an attack
upon US. "Old Reactionary"
could better style himself
"Old Isolationist" or VERY
Old Bonehead" Of the Cool
idge-Hoover era.
BY no means let US abolish
our striking forces against o
foreign aggressor. Isn't it
possible that at the present
moment the Russians have
discovered the basic fact that
in atomic warfare there will
be few. II any. survivors, The
Russians have said, 1T will
take time. q long time, to
arrive at mutual understand
ing" Coexistence is not easy.
Neither has been the cold war.
Our real concern should be
that hotheads might precipi-
tate q hot war.
Roland Bieren. MD.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-05
Hot and Blue

Riding to and from work by
taxi, due to the transit strike.
I have been impressed with
the devotion to duty of the
many policemen standing in
the middle Of the hot streets,
directing traffic.
Along with the transit strike,
we have had one of the worst
continued heat waves can
remember in Is years of WASH
ipgton residence. The plight
Of our policemen standing in
the broiling sun, and wearing
hot, wooden uniforms, should
be corrected.
Why shouldn't our police
force have summer uniforms?
They could be Of dark blue
material, fiIm. such as the cot
ton twill or other cotton cloth
used for civilian summer Stacks.
They should be Of good ma
terial. with fast dyes. and then
they would tailor and launder
well.
Incidentally, such uniforms
would greatly improve the ap-
pearance Of our policemen, be-
ing suited to the weather.
The caps worn. too, could be
Of . dark-blue color, and Of
cotton material.
Let's think about this. How
about trying 1t? Get some caps
and Stacks made up. and see
how they work out. We could
set a pattern. In one way 1t
would show our appreciation
for all our friends in blue 60
through, every day, for us.
Florence ID. Beale.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-05

the popular outdoor fireplaces.
Something is always hap
pening. 1t seems, to take the
joy out Of life, and people with
sensitive noses will not like to
smell their neighbors' ham
burgers. The allergic person
often is misunderstood by
others. They think he is mere
~ cranky. He Is actually suf-
fering. Neighborhood bonfires
also contribute to his genuine
woes.
The big electric fan, if not
fixed in the window, is best
placed about 2 feet from it,
blowing out, not in. If q win
dow can be raised directly OPP
posite, so much the better.
There is an intricate table
Of placement, but in most
cases 1t can be disregarded, If
one will use the test of his own
skin. This means that the hot
feeling Of face and neck is the
true barometer Of fan use.
II, in half an hour, there ID
not some authorization in the
way ones face and neck feel,
then . slightly different place
ment Of the fan is necessary.
This is the old trial-and-
error systenx than which moth
ing is better, provided one
really has good judgment and
is willing to trust 1t.
The small hassock fans are
a genuine contribution to sum-
mer good will. They provide
some air movement. but do not
cause aching shoulders as the
straight-drive fans do. AS for
10 oscillating fan, it avoids
the sore shoulders and neck,
perhaps, but does not give one
enough breeze at one time.
The hassock fan, placed
under the dining or other
table. gives a grateful air
movement.
The gadget-minded person
can get real fun out of expert
menting with a few electric
fans, and determining the best
placement for them, in regard
to room size, windows and
doors. and the amount of heat,
together with the lack of a
natural breeze.
Theory is all right, but what
actually works is the test, and
no one can determine that
for you except yourself. Be
sure not to let anyone call
you cranky, or, if she does, do
not mind in the least, but go
right ahead with your expert
menting.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-05
Prods Soviet on POWs

Moved by their love for
peace, coexistence and cul-
ture, the Kremlin bosses want
to send us a selection of bal
lerinas, singers and piano
players. The equally cultured
Chinese Reds join the chorus
and offer the Picking Opera.
All. Of course. with an ade-
quate number Of MVD goons
to see that they do not
choose freedom"
AS for me-I'd rather they
would send us the 5,270
Americans that the State De-
partment reports still held in
Soviet prisons, plus the 944
American POWs still on the
Pentagon list as unreturned.
Alfred K0hlberg.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-05
Looks Back at Summit

Now that it's all over at
Geneva, the Big -Four meeting
seems to be more distin-
guished for what didn't
happen than for what did.
Lacking were decisions Of the
character which stamped those
of Yalta and Potsdam with
appeasement. although oppor-
tunity for that lurked in the
Russian proposals. This APP
pears to mark a turn in the
road, along which the course
of past negotiation between
the East and West has fol-
lowed. For the first time. the
Soviets came away empty
handed as far as concessions
were concerned.
The general atmosphere Of
peace, established at Geneva.
for whatever it may be worth
in the future. is today Of equal
benefit to both East and West.
This and the lack Of agree
ment adds up to the meetings
overall stalemate. The out
come. however much II may
be regretted. uncovered a well
come change in Western poll
icy, which bids fair to have
excellent future results. 1t is
the abandonment Of the be-
lief. formerly ingrained in for
eign policy coming out Of Lon
don. Paris and Washington,
that the way to peace was
through appeasement. The
West paid a terrific price for
that belief. The Geneva talks,
regardless Of lack Of agree
ment on pending issues. could
be famous for setting up a new
signpost, marking a turn in
the road that leads to peace.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-05
Evening Boy

Along the dusty riDer road
blooms the lou star thistle
roSe-purple In the tangled
grass.
The opening trains long
iDhiStle
sets the boy to dreaming OF
the fabulous and far
cities Dhere his heart ipill
break.
Above the Hill a star
comes out like a ne,D-lit
lantern, gold
above the pines, as II
someone tDere todlkino there
toWdrd night
across the hidden cliff.
The train calls family up the
bailey.
Some epeninp he Dtll iodlk
a 0ltttering toton and dream
OF thistle
and q star above high rock.
Froness Frost
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-05

Hypnotic going back" to
the past apparently is never
complete.
This finding, based on ex-
periments with medical stu
dents and nurses, has just been
reported to the Journal and
Clinical Psychopathology here
by DE-. E. James McCranie and
Harold B. Crasilneck of the
University of Texas.
The repression itself is prob
ably the most mystical and in
applicable of human expert
ences. A volunteer is put into
a deep hypnotic sleep, told he
has gone back to a certain
age-for example early child
hood-and asked to recall
supposedly forgotten events.
He apparently recalls them
easily. He acts like a Swear
old or a schoolboy. To all ap-
pearance he is just that. When
he RECEIVERS from the hypnosis
he has no memory Of what he
has said or done.
There has been some ques-
ton. however, as to the actual
accuracy with which events
are recalled. A subject UNI
consciously may be mixing con-
siderable Capitalization with
dim memories to please the
hypnotist who unquestionably
has a certain power over him.
1t also has been held that he
may be only expressing things
unconsciously suggested by the
hypnotist himself.
A few months ago a test
was made with medical stu
dents at Yale, as reported to
the American Association for
the Advancement of Science
here, in which the subjects
were projected by hypnosis into
the future rather than the
past. They were told they
were 10 or 20 years older than
they were and asked what
they were doing at a certain
time on a certain day. They
answered just as freely and
assuredly as they would have
answered similar questions
when projected into the past.
This. the Yale experiment.
ers concluded, was strong evil
dence of subconscious con-
fabulation. Nobody could pos
Sibly have any memory" of
what he will be doing 10
years hence. 1t was impos-
sible, of course, to check on
the statements of the stu
dents. 1t would be most as
founding. indeed, If 1t turned
out eventually that they were
describing accurately hap
penings which had not yet
taken place.
The Texas experimenters
worked on a quite different
level-using the conditioned
reflex method developed by
the Russian psychologist Paw
low.
Students were subjected to
the simultaneous sound of a
buzzer and a moderately
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-05

cision Of Congress In all probability will
be a political one. Mr.. Bridges believes
that balanced budget will have greater
political appeal than tax reduction but
there is serious question whether ma
jority Of Congress, or even of his own
party. will agree with him. Rising rev.
enues because Of general prosperity may
help the administration over the deficit
hurdle but the pressure will be great,
from members of both parties, to share
this wealth with the tax-paying voters
and to borrow more If necessary.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-05
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES {. TRACEWELL

More people in hot, muggy
weather would give the prize
to the electric fan ahead Of
any other invention. perhaps.
The electricity. itself, be-
hind the fan, is the greater
wonder. as always. but for
sheer use when it is hot, Moth
ing quite equals the fan.
Here is a simple invention;
once it is started it just keeps
on whirling around.
The mystery. to most OBJ
servers, is why it doesn't be-
gin to go faster and faster,
until at last it whirls itself
to pieces.
Human brains settled that
when the thing was invented.
1t keeps to its wonted pace,
doing nicely in stirring up q
breeze where there was none
before.
In the older Washington
days. when there were flies
and no electric fans, we had
what was called the southern
breeze.
This swept in all day and
most OF the night. directly
from the south, as the name
would indicate.
People in those days bought
row houses on the east-west
streets, preferably, so that
they could get the benefit of
the prevailing wind.
BY opening the front and
back windows, the southern
breeze was able to blow clear
through the house, usually of
two or three rooms deep.
Most Of the old-time row
houses had doors cut through
from room to room, with al
coves between, so that in very
hot weather the house could
be opened up.
We have often wondered
what has become of the
southern breeze?
No doubt some of the COM
paratively recent construc-
tons. such as the Govern
ment Triangle. in some way
interfered with the blowing
through of this prevailing
wind. Or perhaps the wind,
itself. has stopped.
Now We must rely on electric
fans. The air conditioners,
while great in their way, have
plain drawbacks, especially If
you or others smoke. Then
room shortly takes on the
atmosphere Of the inside Of an
old-fashioned cuspidor, which
is not so good.
The electric fan, in its
standard or one of the recent
fancy versions, just keeps
whirling around, kicking up a
breeze.
We now have high-velocity
fans, hassock fans. fans that
draw in the air, and fans that
push 1t out.
A 20-inch window fan do
ing $500 revolutions a minute
will do a good job Of cooling
of the house after dark has
settled down. After all, pull
ing in air from the outside
does no particular good unless
1t is cooler than the room air.
Another feature seldom
reckoned with. In relation to
the big fans, Is that they will
pull In the cooking odors from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-05

are young veterans who car
ried guns on their shoulders
for the protection Of this
country. So wake up, Mr..
Postmaster General, and take
prompt action to relieve the
plight Of your faithful letter
carriers.
Beatrice p. Gibson.