davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-05-02
DORIS FLEESON

The arrival Of spring has
stirred from a long hiberna-
'ttion two groups of politicians
awho have normally furnished
their respective parties with
new ideas and new goals. They
are the Republican progress
sives, now called Eisenhower
Republicans, and the New Deal
Democrats.
~, For q long time the Presi-
dents avowed followers in his
party have seemed to be the
Senate's forgotten M en-.
Though they included person.
alities such as Duff Of Penn
,sylvania who as governor
fought a machine to a stand
still, they have done little to
explain, much less expand,
their progressive Inheritance.
'.h They did not have the votes
TO upset the conservative
Knowland = Bridges Millikin
leadership on their side of the
aisle. The President gave
0them little encouragement
.ewhile his White House Con-
7gressional liaison was chosen
from the right wing. Never
theless, the floor was theirs on
demand and they could not be
hdenied access to the President.
Instead they left his political
education to others.
Twelve of this group have
NOW moved to the side of the
8 President in his cease-fire ne
gotiationS with Communist
Evening star., 1955-05-02
Pay Rise for Congress
Escapes Ire of Voters

linen and similar sarcastic
donotions.
Some Were Worried
Several members who sup
ported the pay raise bill that
went through the House last
February 16 on a 283 to 118
vote said privately at the time
that they were apprehensive that
their votes might hurt them at
home in the next election.
Those same members, mainly
from smaller communities in
the South or Midwest where a
$22.500 salary is often top
bracket material, now believe
their fears were exaggerated If
not groundless.
A few confess to doing a bit
OF whistling in the dark at this
time. But they say they are
prepared to answer any opposi-
ton candidate who attacks them
for increasing their own salaries.
After all, they note, every new
aspirant also will be seeking the
job at the higher pay.
Encouraging Signs
Hitherto hesitant legislators
see some encouraging signs in
addition to the comparative alb
sence of critical letters or other
outspoken objection in home dis
trictS.
The pay raise bill not only was
the first in almost 10 years for
members of Congress but also
gave or authorized increases to
Federal court judges and United
States Attorneys and their as
sistants. 1t was recommended
Evening star., 1955-05-02
DAVID LAWRENCE

= PARIS. - Announcement
ahat Krishna Menon has been
invited to Peiping by Chou
En-lai to arrange for talks
with the United States on the
.Formosa question is bad news
for America. For Menon is
perhaps the shrewdest ally the
Communists have roaming
around the free world. 1t was
he who engineered the sell-out
by the West in Indo-China at
the Geneva Conference last
year, and it is he who is be-
'iieved to have a strange but
powerful influence over India's
Jawaharlal Nehru.
- Krishna Menon is every
where moving mysteriously be-
hind the scenes. He holds the
title now of permanent repre-
sentative of India at the Unit
ed Nations. but actually he is
as much at home in London
swith the diplomats there as
he is in Moscow. Menon once
stried to run for Parliament in
England, and today has some
influential relationships with
the Socialist Labor Party in
Britain.
- Menon's reputation in the
United States has been not as
good as he would like it to be.
for he is aware~of the diStrust
that exists with respect to his
peculiar kind of diplomacy. Ac-
-cordingly, he has tried to cul-
tivate American friendships in
the financial district in New
York and in State Department
circles in Washington. He has
to some extent antagonized
some of the people from India
who reside in America, and
they speak openly of his fric-
'tion with other members Of the
Indian diplomatic colony.
). When Menon appeared at
Geneva last year during the big
conference on Indo-C China, he
was frequently in the company
of Chou En-lai. He sought
Evening star., 1955-05-02

from one land to another.
hiding in forests, protected,
sometimes, in monasteries,
fortunate if by escape across
the sea they could elude the
net that caught and swept
them by the thousands, the
tens of thousands, the millions,
into cyanide chambers and
crematoria.
At the outbreak of the war
there had been 100000 Jews in
Poland. AS the princerS of the
German and Russian armies
closed upon that country some
of them escaped to the Rus
slams, who had no special
malice, only a vast indifference
toward human suffering, and
herded them with other Poles
into labor camps, where many
of them also perished. But
most were caught by the
Gestapo.
In Warsaw, IL years ago this
spring, only a remnant of
100000 were left in the vast
tenement section Of the Polish
capital known as the Ghetto.
Evening star., 1955-05-02
Hioh Cost of u. S. Good VIII

immensely to the advantage Of
the Soviet Union.
The Moscow English
language magazine News re-
Gently published figures on the
trade agreements concluded
between Moscow and the Iron
Curtain nations of Hungary.
Poland, East Germany. Bull
garia. North Korea and Al.
bania. The pact with Bulgaria.
to take one example. provides
for 1855 exchanges of a large
list of items ranging from ag-
ricultural machinery to non.
ferrous ores and tobacco.
Oddly, Bulgaria at the same
time will be exporting machin-
cry to free Turkey while she
has to import machinery from
Russia! And the trade ex-
change with Albania has been
increased 40 per cent over last
year, News reports. (The USSR
seldom gives figures in dollars
or tons when revealing such
deals. s
The terms and character Of
the trade exchanges indicate
clearly that the setup is one Of
economic aid to the satellites.
But the entire system is one
that stands on it's own feet
and costs the economy of Rus
sia nothing. Its propaganda
value is immense, very likely
much greater in value to the
Soviet Union than the dubious
gratitude" America gets from
her dependents.
1t would certainly seem high
time for the United States to
take a long look at the wisdom
and necessity for continued ex-,
penditures of American wealth
for a vague good will" and an
uncertain loyalty on the part
of our unpredictable friends.
Evening star., 1955-05-02
Sprinq Rouses Two Political BIocs

Of unveiling. Between the the
ory that it was politically un-
safe to suggest that Mr.. Eisen-
hover might be imperfect and
the emphasis on unity Of their
Senate Leader, johnson OF
Texas, the Democratic liberals
have been almost as silent in
public as the Eisenhower Re-
publicans.
Between them Senators
Humphrey and Sparkman de-
veloped the thesis that the ad-
ministration has accepted the
idea that agriculture is big
business and gives only token
sympathy to the marginal and
family farmers who are in
trouble.
Senator Humphrey argued
that the administration was
running a tourist service to
Formosa but neglecting the
vital Southeast Asia areas Of
India, Burma, Thailand, Cey-
Ion, Indo-C China and Indonesia.
He predicted the spread of
neutralism in Germany, fol-
lowing the Austrian treaty, and
warned that Japan was slip
ping away.
He took on the President di-
rectly with the assertion that
Marshal Zhukov, the Eisen-
hover "pen pal." could not live
and violate the Communist
policy.
The Senator from Minnesota
may of course be wrong but he
Is at least starting to raise
the right questions which is
the function of the minority in
a republic.
Evening star., 1955-05-02
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Senator Knowland he has plan to quit
Republican leader After ALL with Ike and Secretary Dulles
travelling much somebody has keep administration
in hot water.
Party Boss Krushchev is ranked No. Moscow Day
ceremonies Being No in Russia is great honor. No other
in the world such high life premiums
House Democratic Leader Mccormack predicts
will win White House and Congress Agriculture
partment experts alarmed They thought
came back every II years.
John Holser of Cincinnati foreign aid
spending He'll be working the dark-tryng smugge
dough Of the while Treasury Secretary Humphrey
is asleep.
The White House feels Ikes Federation
of Labor cornerstone ceremonies
lose a single additional union
Democratic Senator Sparkman accuses Ike of "caous
disregard of small businessmen businessman
low who hopes to big enough degarded
and forgotten by Sparkman
Internal Revenue 148 taxpayers made than 81
million in 1852 One pretty He claims the only
one Of the 48 who failed to make the Eisenhower
Washington.
Evening star., 1955-05-02

East that force shall not be
employed.
All such pledges are not
worth much, because they can
not bind the Chinese Commu-
nists, who will always find an
excuse to threaten to use force
to gain control of Formosa.
A plan has been cooking in
Washington to reassure the
NationalistS by sending to For
mosa a regiment of American
Marines in what sis described
as a token" force. But this
will not sit we'll with the Amer
lean people, who do not want
American boys engaged in any
Far Eastern defense measure
unless British and French
troops and those of other ma
tions are stationed there. too.
But, Just as happened in Ko-
rea. it may well be that in the
end Americans would furnish
the bulk of the force and there
might be a token" representa-
ton from the armies of other
countries.
The intrigue which will start
in Peiping under Krishna Me-
mons guidance will certainly
embarrass the United States
Government, which will be
compelled in the face of oppo-
sition from Britain to recede
from the stand taken last week
by President Eisenhower, who
said there would be direct talks
with the Chinese Communists
only with respect to a cease
fire for the offshore islands
area and that anything relat-
ing to Formosa would have to
include the Nationalists. This
is an easy one for the Menon
technique. He will hold talks
with the Chinese Reds and
with United States representa-
tives, and he will expect the
latter to hold their own con-
ferenceS with the Nationalists.
1t is perhaps too early to pre-
dict a "sellout" or a new Mu-
Mich, but anything in which
Menon is engaged could easily
wind up that way as far as the
United States is concerned.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1955-05-02
Eisenhower Policies
Blasted by Roosevelt
BY the Associated Press

Representative Roosevelt, DEM
ocrat, Of California said yester-
day that President Eisenhower
has shown a lack of leadership"
on foreign affairs and has
"shilly shallied" on the question
Of Quemoy and Matsu.
Mr.. Roosevelt, interviewed on
the ABC-TV show College Press
Conference, said he did not be-
lieve Congress would have given
the President such unanimous
support on the Formosa resolu-
ton if 1t had known how he
would use it.
Mr.. Roosevelt indicated he OPP
posed this country defending
Quemoy and Matsu. He said the
islands belong to whoever con-
trolls the Chinese mainland.
Calling himself lone of the
uninformed" on foreign affairs,
Mr.. Roosevelt said he felt Mr..
Eisenhower should pass on to
Congress more information about
his dealings with other nations.
Evening star., 1955-05-02
10000 in Ghetto Chose to Fight
And Die the Death of Soldiers

>. In May we celebrate the 10th
anniversary of the victorious
END of World War II in Europe.
% But we recall another ami
7'versary. that of a battle almost
exactly two years earlier that
sdid not end in victory in the
Usual meaning of that word.
Nor did it end in the surrender
of the defeated.
a. 1t never offered the slightest
chance of victory, or even of
Survival for those who took it
on. 1t formed no part of the
military operations of the war.
1t was fought in the heart of
enemy territory, without any
possible reinforcements.
Forty thousand men, women,
and children participated. and.
at the end, 39,400 of them had
.--perished. Only 600 escaped
through sewers.
a. No rows of crosses mark
their burying ground. Their
Apitiful tenement homes were
their funeral pyres, and their
bones indistinguishable dust in
the rubble.
=. Hundreds of thousands of
civilians perished in the bomb
lngs of the last war. But their
fate was nevertheless different.
They were, as persons, the
target of no special malice.
y, The 10000 were targets Of a
special malice. bent on their
specific determination. The
insane and all-powerful leader
of a great nation, who had
infected his people with his
own madness, and whose
armies covered all Europe, had
hunted their kindred from the
Ukraine to the Atlantic.
~ They had fled before him
Evening star., 1955-05-02

and promptly signed by Presi-
dent Eisenhower.
The final version which settled
on an increase from $4,000 to
$22, 500 for the legislators was
less than the $4,000 recon-
mended by a non-partisan COM
mission last year. 1t was below
the $25,000 total first approved
by the House last February.
Moreover, the congressional pay
provision makes the entire sal
ary subject to Federal income
taxation and limits the travel
allowance to one round trip a
session between the members
home and Washington.
Evening star., 1955-05-02
BY ROBERT X. WALSH

Members Of Congress are find
ing to their pleasant surprise
that they have at least one less
worry for the 1866 election cam
paign.
The pay raise they voted them
selves last February has produced
little If any strong criticism and
few letters from constituents thus
far.
A spot check today showed
that the boost to $22,500 a year
has aroused nothing remotely
resembling the Bundles for Con-
gress" protest some 13 years ago.
That attack caused the legisla-
tors to beat a hasty retreat and
repeal a congressional pension
bill six weeks after it took effect.
The bundles" drive flooded some
members with packages of old
shoes, worn out trousers, ragged
stroyers to fight for 46 days,
and finally to destroy the liv-
ing, the wounded, and the
bodies Of the dead by setting
fire to the entire quarter and
burning it to mountain of
ashes.
Men, women, youth, and
small children died, but they
died as soldiers. Like Shadrach,
Meshach, and Abednego in the
fiery furnace, they defied.
They wrote an immortal
chapter in the history of the
Jews and of mankind.
1t records that man is great
er than the beast. and that
over and above this transient
life he is master of the fate
of his soul.
That, too, is victory.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
Khrushchev's Rough Diplomacy

virtually the moon and stars.
Promises like words cost Moth
ing and there is no need, the
Russians feel, to keep them.
When he said that the Soviet
Union would give its dear In
dian friends its last crust OF
bread, the effect was great al
though he certainly did not
mean it even f1guratively.
Khrushchev is strongly
adept at the bare-faced lie. as
was illustrated by his positive
statements that the Western
powers had melted Hitler to
attack the USSR. London's
indignant denials and grave
concern" diplomacy had no ef-
feet whatever on the Burmese
and other Asiatics who re-
portedly believed every word
Khrushchev spoke.
Judging by what is happen
ing in the Far East. in Ger
many and at the United Ma
tions in New York, the new
rough Soviet diplomacy seems
to pay better dividends than
the old-fasnioned western
diplomacy. II is based funda-
mentally on the principle that
the truth can be successfully
fought off with the big lie, q
principle we cannot possibly
adopt without losing our self
respect - words which. are
meaningless to the Commu-
nists all ovcl the world.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
Eisenhower's Idea of Public Service

ses Of public questions, domes-
tic and foreign. as he. always
has been.
Representative Clarence
Cannon, Democrat of Missouri,
chairman of the House Ap-
preparations Committee. said
after a legislative conference
at the White House this week:
Il was gratif1ed to note the
alertneSs, the aggressiveness
of the President In conducting
the conference. He was as &C.
tive as any boy l6 years old.
He was the picture of health"
The opinion is clyStallizing
that. in the event that the
doctors give Ike advice say
ing he is physically able to
continue in Office if he so de-
sires. the President will not
seek to be a candidate but will
tell the American people some
thing to this effect: II had no
desire to come to public office
in the first place. / think there
are able men to be found to
succeed me. But If the people
want me to serve. I shall obey
their wishes and serve If
elected"
1t was Woodrow Wilson who
in world crisis in 1916
before America entered World
War I-refrained from seek
ing" a second term in the pres
idency. He stood by his state
ment made as, President elect
in February. 1918, when he
wrote:
Il can approach the question
from a perfectly impersonal
point of view. because shall
most cheerfully abide by the
Judgment OF my party and the
public as to whether l shall
be a candidate for the presi-
dency again in 1916. I abso-
lutely pledge myself to resort
to nothing but public opinion
to decide that question.
Maybe history will repeat
itself, and the people them
selves will have to decide
whether Dwight Eisenhower
should be renominated.
Reproduction Rishts Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
DOROTHY THOMPSON
Problems of Cultural EXCHANGE

that they, instead of the Amer
lean Embassy in Moscow.
should become the sole spon-
sors of this American visit
seems to me a lamentable fall
ure in public relations and
international diplomacy "a
beautiful example Of penny
wise and pound-foolish policy.
What of the effect on the
actors Of this introduction to
the Communist world? They
will have every opportunity to
observe the genuinely high
esteem in which the Soviet
Union holds all artists, and a
country in which no talented
actor OF he keeps aloof from
political interventions) is I'M
employed. They will face a
highly responsive and discrim-
mating audience. The fact that
they are colored will prove, for
them. an asset rather than a
liability. And they may call to
mind that Congressman are
trotting all over the globe at
the public expense.
We are wasting money on
the Voice OF America. Our en-
tire cultural program-and. in
deed, our cultural life-needs
revamping, If we are to hold
our own on this level
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14

To nobody's surprise Sena-
tor Estes Kefauver will for
mally announce Friday morn
ing that he will be a candidate
for the Democratic nomina-
ton for the presidency.
Kefauver is headed toward
brisk. even rough. primary
fights against Adlai Stevenson
Of Illinois in Oregon and Cali
fornia, possibly in Florida.
The Senator will again enter
the Nations first primary in
New Hampshire March 10. He
won it in 1852 against the then
President Truman who had
not said he would run and who
later announced his retire
ment from elective politics.
Stevenson does not now eX-
pect to challenge Hefauver
there despite the psychological
value of forging ahead at the
take-off. Kefauver supporters
are in charge of the State
party machinery and they are
champing at the bit in their
anxiety to start another lime
lighted effort in his behalf,
The Stevenson argument is
that Kefauver has already
shaken the hand Of every voter
in what is, after all, small
State with relatively few dele
gates. why risk that defeat?"
his strategists ask.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14

SCOW. - One OF the
things that was discussed and
promoted at the first Geneva
Conference was cultural ex-
changes" between the West
and the Soviet Union. How is
that exchange to be effected,
and of what can it consist?
The question comes up in con-
nection with the forthcoming
visit to Moscow of an Amer
lean company playing George
Gershwin's opera, "Porgy and
BesS"
Porgy and Bess has proved
to be our most successful cul-
tural export. Played by an all
Negro cast. it introduces the
American Negro as an artist, in
a folk opera of the utmost
sympathy and beauty. 1t even
promises to become part of
the standing repertory of
European theaters, played by
white actors and singers in
black face.
European theater audiences
are much more sophisticated
than American, for the simple
reason that all European
countries have a theater that
is not wholly the instrument
Of commercial interests. The
professional theater is not con-
fined. as it is here, to a few
streets in the national me-
tropolis.
Nearly every city Of 100000
or more. and many that are
smaller. has an opera house
and theater playing the classics
and modern operas and plays,
with companies that are sea-
sonally employed.
The houses and casts are
subsidized, usually by the mu-
inequalities. In the larger cities
they compete with commercial
theaters but attract the best
actors and, of course, create
great actors and great schools
of acting, because they usually
present two or three different
plays each week, and change
their programs numerous times
during the season, thus calling
on their casts for a great
variety of talent and industry.
The same is true of Russia
where the theater is superb,
and-contrary to what many
people think-almost entirely
free Of propaganda. More resi-
dents of Moscow see, and have
seen, the great Russian and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
Primary Bottles With Stevenson
Expected in at Least Three States

Petitions have already been
filed for Stevenson in Oregon,
so the two are bound to clash
head on there. 1t is reported
that Gov. Hartman of New
York, through his Union Pa
cific connections which endear
him to Western business and
railroad labor. may be entered
in Oregon also.
Kefauver has just returned
from California where he was
assured that his grass roots
strength was still firm and
devoted. With one minor ex-
ception, the States Demo-
cratic leaders have declared
for Stevenson in an admitted
effort to freeze out Kefauver
and avoid the kind of family
fight which might injure their
election unity.
Kefauver is confident he
won't be frozen out and thinks
that he's through If he per-
mitS himself to be "bluffed."
It's already apparent that
the fight will be really rough,
as only California Democrats
know how to make it. In, fact.
the name-calling has started.
This grieves national head
quarters, which had been hop
ing that Republicans Knight.
Nixon, Knowland and Kuchel
would stage the juicy Cali
fornia fights for a change.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-14
DORIS FLEEsON
Kefouver Faces Rough Road

There is a distinct risk that
Kefauver will break his pick
with Stevenson In California,
not by what he or Stevenson
may do but by what the vola-
tile Californians do in their
behalf. Unpleasantness in po-
litical fights fastens onto can
didates even II they are not
themselves to blame.
Kefauver expects to enter
the wisconsin primary and his
information Is that Stevenson
won't. The Stevenson people
say it's undecided.
Minnesota, which holds the
Nations econd primary
March 90, has been earmarked
Stevenson since Gov. Freeman
and Senator Humphrey led the
party into Endorsement Of him
last month. But Kefauver is
hearing from his friends about
a grass roots rebellion and
they are asking him to chal-
ienge the leaders decision.
Kefauver has proved friends
who wish he would pass this
one up and devote himself to
the Senate, but those who urge
the opposite have developed
sources of campaign funds, a
potent method Of winning the
argument.
The "pro-l956" group also
suggests that as he is now So,
he hasn't too much time to
make his pitch, especially If
another Democrat is elected
next year who might be ex-
pected to serve two terms.