davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-02-17
SS--S-1-----5-9z----
Action to Free II Flyers Urqed
Little Hope Is Seen in Leaving Motter Up to u.
Relief Is Likely Only Through Direct Pressure

freed after the Korean armi-
stice was signed. The Com
munists are guilty Of a breach
Of arr1istice and the least they
can do, to redeem themselves Is
to return our soldiers un-
conditionally.
With such answer there is
nothing much that the repre-
sentative Of the u. N. can do.
unless it is to call the General
Assembly in an extraordinary
session and report his failure
to the whole membership: or
present the case to the Security
Council. Both have the power
to order stronger measures
than diplomatic talks to force
the Chinese Communists to
live up to their agreements.
But neither solution is likely
to be offered. The fact Is that
the United Nations Is in a blue
funk, lest any strong actions
irritate the Communists and
make them even more bellicose
: than they are at present. This
paralyzing fear has caused the
Security Council to wash its
hands Of the existing threat
Of war" in the Formosan straits
and refer 1t to traditional
diplomacy" similar to that at
Geneva last summer when the
French surrendered Northern
Wet Nam to the Reds.
Mr.. Hammarskjold is said to
feel that the matter is not suf-
ficiently important to call the
General Assembly into a
special session. Neither does he
think that the Security Coun-
Gil, where the USSR holds the
veto power. viii order "coer-
Give" measures such as an
economic embargo or block
ade Of the China coast. which
would force the men in Peiping
to return our soldiers.
Thus we are today exactly
where we we're in the begin
ming. Despite London's strong
advice that we make q pack
age deal and in exchange for
a cease fire and the return of
the prisoners withdraw some
Of our commitments to the
Chinese Nationalists and not
oppose Peipipg entry into the
U. ~, the administration is
unwilling to yield. A number
Of advisers in the executive
branch and a handful of Sena-
tors and Representatives favor
consideration of such a deal. Z
Evening star., 1955-02-17

and carry on extensive busi-
ness interests. Only after
some Conservatives deserted
their leadership was the issue
compromised. Today the pay
Of a member Of the House OF
Commons is the equivalent of
about $4,000 a year. with an
extra allowance they may re-
quest for each day the House
sits. This amounts approx
mately to about an extra $740
a year. Curiously enough, the
House members in London
have no private Offices or stats
provided by the government.
In France, the pay is
equivalent to about $1,000 a
year and the 100 Communist
deputies contribute about
$1,000 apiece directly to the
party fund. or approximately
100000 a year, which is quite
a sizable help in carrying on
Communist propaganda.
In the State legislatures in
this country members are
poorly paid and it is a scandal
that corporations with business
before these bodies often re-
tain as counsel for other serv-
ices members who are lawyers.
The labor unions do the same
thing.
Many members Of Congress
have outside income. Some
earn it by getting large fees
for speaking before labor
unions and trade bodies of
various kinds. Others still
practice law before State
courts. Some have large busi-
ness interest or derive big
income from investments.
The raise in pay is needed
in order to permit the election
to Congress Of citizens irre-
spective of their income status.
A total of $25, 900 a year, out
of which comes $4,000 for
taxes, or a net of $20.500, is
not too much for a member of
either the House or the Senate
to receive If he is honorably
to serve his constituency.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1955-02-17
Doyid LoMence-
Congress- Pay and Integrity
$25, 5000 Is Not Too Much Salary for q Lownaoker
If He Is to Serve His Constituency Honorobly

two years. so they are con-
stantly In need Of campaign
money. Many Of them supply
It out Of their own pockets
rather than solicit gifts from
constituents who seek special
privileges. But the worst
phase Of the matter is the
drain on the funds Of a MEM
Der Of Congress by residents
of his district or State who
feel their Congressman or
Senator is something Of an
errand boy or personal rep
resentative In Washington.
Lots Of the things done by
members Of Congress for peo-
pie back home are worth
thousands of dollars to those
who are benefited. yet there
is no such thing as q service
charge" or "fee" to be paid.
Indeed. 1t would be highly
improper for any such pay
ment to be made.
IF. for example, a new post
Office building or a defense
installation or some other
Federal project involving huge
sums Of money is brought to
an area as a result of the
efforts Of a member of either
house, there are citizens who
profit by the rise in real
estate values and in other
ways. They cannot and should
not pay for that service. Yet,
in the doing Of that cl1ore for
the people, various expenses
are often incurred and in
many instances it is the men,
ber Of Congress who foots the
bill rather than become in
volved In some transaction
which a political opponent
could some day uncover and
use as q smear.
It is odd, but members of
national legislatures the world
over have trouble about the
size of their salaries. In
Britain the Churchill govern
ment almost was overthrown
last spring because the Labor
Party insisted on a pay raise
and the Conservatives opposed
1t. Many Of them are wealthy
Evening star., 1955-02-17
7hon1ds [. Stokes
Benson Goes Forth to Battle
Secretary Is Determined to Keep His Farm Program,
Declares Majority of Growers Are Behind Him

were in effect.
In connection with the eco
nomics of the farm issue.
Democrats out to eliminate the
Benson flexible price program
cite a bit of economic history.
They point back to the 1920s
and recall a theory held by
many economists that the de-
preston in agriculture which
began soon after World War I
was a basic influence in the
eventual general depression
that finally engulfed the whole
economy in 1929 and lasted
well into the 1930s.
Mr.. Benson's economic ex-
perts argue that conditions are
not the same now as then.
They point out that, despite
falling prices. farm income
still is high, In fact is today 6
per cent above 1947, the peak
income year. Furthermore,
they explain that due to the
exodus from farms in the years
between, which has been tre-
mendous, farm population now
is way below that of 80 and
more years ago. Therefore,
they add, farmers do not con-
stitute as big a market for
industry's output as in the
1920s and 1930s, and conse-
quently q decrease in farm
population buying power won't
hurt the rest Of the economy
to the same extent. Moreover,
farmers now have a lot of
built-in projections provided
by the Roosevelt New Deal
after that other destructive
depression.
So the argument goes, pro
and con as to- basic economic
factors.
Secretary Benson claims
that, once the flexible price
program gets into operation
and farmers adjust their pro-
duction to it, prices win tend
to stabilize and get into ball
ance. He also foresees o bal.
Evening star., 1955-02-17
Constantine Brown

Unless there is some direct
pressure from public opinion
through its representatives in
Congress. the II Americans in
uniform lingering in Chinese
jails may remain there for an
indefinite time. The Peiping
dictators intend to use them
as bargaining tokens in their
present diplomatic battle
against the United States.
To questions as to what the
American Government was do
ing about these uniformed men.
a ranking State Department
official replied that this was
now a matter for the United
Nations; that the executive and
legislative branches of the Gov
ernment had agreed that the
world peace organization was
best equipped to handle the
case. since the IL had been
capsured while they were
fighting under the U. N. flag;
and that Secretary Dag Ham,
marskjold was still working
hard to obtain their liberation.
Foreign diplomats in WASH
ington in close touch with.
u. N. affairs say, however, that
after his return from Peiping
Mr.. Hammarskjold told the
American Government plainly
that there must be some "give
and take on this question as
there is in every diplomatic ne
gotiation The Chinese are
prepared to give" their host
ages and take" a seat in the
United Nations. and the Ma
tionalist strongholds in the
Formosan straits for good
measure.
Foreign Minister Chou En-
lai, SO at least Mr.. Ham
marskjold believes, is open to
offers. Indian and Burmese
diplomats keep in touch with
the situation. So far they have
not been able to report any
progress" principally because,
no counter-offer have been
made from New York. The
main job Of the secretary
general of the world peace
organization is now to obtain
something concrete from the
United States Government to
present to Communist China.
For the time being the posi-
tion taken by our Government
is that these II men are
prisoners of war. They should
have been liberated when the
other U. N. prisoners were
Evening star., 1955-02-17
Rubirosa Begins Action
To Divorce Babs Hutton
BY the Assoeioied Press

CIUDAD TRUJILLO, Domin-
ican Republic, Feb. 17.-Por-
firio Rubirosa. Dominican play
boy diplomat. began divorce pro-
ceedings yesterday against dime
store heiress Barbara Hutton on
grounds of incompatibility.
Eneas Savinon, lawyer for Mr..
Rubirosa, published notice Of
the divorce action in the news
paper El Caribe as required by
law. The notice requires Miss
Hutton to advise the court Of
her current address.
Under Dominican law this is
mandatory when the person
sued for divorce. Is resident of
another country. In the event
the court fails to receive any
communication from her. Mr..
Savinon said. he would advise
the district attorney on Feb
ruary 81 and the case will come
up for hearing March 10.
Miss Hutton and Mr.. Rubirosa
were married in New York De-
cember 30, 1858. They flew to
Palm Beach, Fla, for a honey
moon but separated In March.
He is her fifth husband.
Evening star., 1955-02-17

The really long step for
ward is that the American
people have been told plainly.
Now they know. as well as
the Acc and the atomic COM
mittee and the scientists and
those who have tried to call
attention to the Atomic Age.
Members of Congress ia
miIiar with the problem are
the first to say that the whole
problem now needs to be re-
stated. They are ready. in
Lincoln's words. to think
anew and act anew; in their
own defense they point out
that until the American peo-
pie were fully informed, 1t was
difficult to achieve any real
momentum in Congress.
Representative Melvin Price.
a longtime member Of the
Congressional Atomic Com
mittee. suggests that the an
swer to the British may be a
crash program to overtake
them. This proposal would
run into the iron determine
ton Of the Eisenhower admin
istration to avoid any large
Federal expenditures which
would further unbalance the
budget before 1856.
A portrayal of the true
state of United States atomic
defense Of all kinds will be at
tempted by Senator Kefauver
in his capacity as chairman Of
the Civil Defense subcommittee
of the Armed Services Commit
tee.
What the Defense Depart
ment has achieved in this
field is in part secret. It has
Evening star., 1955-02-17
Thon1ds L. Stokes

Nobody on the Eisenhower
first" team has been in more.
trouble than Secretary Of Agri-
culture Ezra Taft Benson.
A few months ago it was
freely predicted he was not
much longer for the Eisen-
hover cabinet. But he stuck.
He went into the congressional
elections where his farm pro-
gram was q crucial issue and
participated actively in the
campaign despite demands
from irate Farm Belt Republic
cans that he be removed from
the line of fire-and the cab
met. He was still around after
: those elections in which, in
cidentally, the farmers didn't
turn up as disaffected as Dem
ocrats had counted on.
In January, 1858. when he
took over the "hot corner"
which is what the Agriculture
Department command Is, he
agreed to stay for two years.
That was up recently. and he
so reminded the President. But
the President told him, In
effect. he couldn't do without
him. So he still is firm in Office.
Firm and with the Presi-
dents backing-and he'll need
that. For he win be under
as heavy fire from here ON as
during his first two years.
With his appearance this
week before an unsympathetic
House Agriculture Committee,
the Secretary began the second
round Of the fight for his idea
that the farmer ought to be
made less dependent on Gov
ernment and put more on his
own. This fight will run on
right into the 1856 presidential
election. No issue on the
domestic front is more deeply
involved In politics than the
farm issue which affects farm
ers as voters: and 1t Ia deeply
Evening star., 1955-02-17

involved also in economics,
affecting farmers as folks who
want a good living out Of the
earth. What kind of a living
they get colors their politics.
SO politics and economics are
inextricably enmeshed.
What the battle will revolve
about is the farm program that
Secretary Benson got through
the last Congress. the Repub-
lican 83d. after hard going.
It substituted flexible price
supports for the rigid supports
at 90 per cent Of parity in
stalled in wartime as incen-
tives for production. Flexible
supports do not become effec-
tive until the 1866 crops.
Secretary Benson is deter
mined to keep his program.
The Democratic leadership in
Congress, with few important
defections, wants to kick out
the Benson flexible formula
and restore rigid 90 per cent
supports on basic crops. The
Secretary will have some de-
fections also from his aims in
his own party.
On the economic side, which
affects the political as said
earlier, Secretary Benson goes
into the big fight at somewhat
Of a disadvantage. He takes
up his defense or begins his
offense - whichever way you
look on it--on a falling price
scale. Dropping another 2 per
cent in December. prices are
now 81 per cent Of parity, the
lowest since March, 1941. The
slow and gradual skid began
from an all-time peak in Feb
ruary. 1851. thus starting. as
Republicans point out. in the
Truman administration which
then had still nearly two years
to 60. Republicans are equally
quick to point out that the de-
cline occurred despite the fact
that rigid 90 per cent supports
Evening star., 1955-02-17

That Is the way the wind Ii
blowing today in the rest Of the
world" they say. and We had
better trim our sails.
President Eisenhower and
Secretary Dulles. who are not
loath to compromise for the
cause OF peace. are highly
doubtful. however, that such
concessions amounting to an
actual surrender to the Reds
would help that cause. But
they are equally reluctant to
take the matter away from the
fragile hands Of the United
Nations and follow the urgings
Of those who say that q mere
show of toughness on our
part would not precipitate q
war and bring about the lib
Grafton Of our soldiers.
According to available esti-
mates there are about 1000
Americans in the hands Of the
Chinese Communists. Besides
some $40 prisoners Of war
whom the Reds have found
inconvenient not to include in
the lists given us at Pam
inunjom. there are civilians
who are either In jails, labor
camps, or under house arrest.
These cannot remain Amer
ica's forgotten men forever,
either.
For the time being the at
tention is concentrated on the
II who have been sentenced
to jail as "spies" last Novem-
ber. Before long the well Of
the Senate and the House will
be resounding with speeches
demanding the administration
take the matter in its own
hands after having waited
long enough for the United
Nations to do something
about it. There has been q
definite understanding be-
tween congressional leaders
and the executive branch for
a time limit to the endeavors
of the u. N. This time limit
expires this month.
Evening star., 1955-02-17

built q radar warning screen
as shown in the arctic bases
Of the Air Force. Recomnen-
dations by committees Of
scientists for more inclusive
radar networks were not ac-
cepted.
But there are no secrets
about the uphill paths which
civil defense and defense
mobilization have been COM
PEELED to tread.
Civil defense is q shadow
organization. little more really
than an information bureau.
That its information is out
moded II not actually danger
Gus in the light Of new devel-
opments is undisputed. A we'll
founded rumor is that CD Ad-
ministrator Val Peterson had
to learn from reporters that
the radioactive fall-out from
the H-bomb made his dispersal
plans obsolete.
Year after year. Congress
has heard the civil defense
story and methodically cut
appropriations for 1t, not just
in half, but as much as 80 or
80 per cent.
The once of Defense Mobi-
lization, which has been work.
ing on dispersal plans so that
essential Government func-
tions can continue in war, has
been similarly starved. The
owner Of a small Eastern chain
Of hotels who came here to
take an ODM job stayed briefly
and departed with a swan
song famous around the ODM
Office. 1t was: II budget more
money for my barber shops
than Congress does for ODM."
Evening star., 1955-02-17
Doyid LoWrence

II the conscience of any
member Of Congress hurts him
about voting for that pay raise
Of $10,0OU q year, there Is an
easy way QUITO give back to
the Treasury as much as he
likes.
There's precedent for such q
gift. Herbert Hoover gave
back most Of the presidential
salary he received while In the
White House. He himself never
revealed that fact but his
friends have told about 1t.
Maybe there are other public
servants who have done the
same thing and kept it secret.
What a proper salary for
members Of Congress should
be is q very serious matter and
goes to the heart Of the ques-
ton Of integrity in govern.
ment.
Many Of those in the House
Of Representatives who voted
against the proposed increase
which has yet to pass the
Senate-did so because of a
conscientious belief that the
voters wouldn't approve Of it.
But 1t is important that the
voters should know all the
facts. For many members
who voted against the increase
really deserve to have the
higher salary to cover those
expenses they have been trying
TO meet out Of their own
pockets. Likewise, some who
voted for the increase did so
out Of consideration for the
plight Of their colleagues,
though they themselves didn't
need the extra money.
It all comes down to a simple
proposition - the American
people certainly don't want
only rich men in Congress, nor
do they want to see members
accepting gratuities from con-
stituents or big campaign con-
tributions In appreciation of
service they may have rem
dered.
Members Of the House
come up for election every
Evening star., 1955-02-17
Doris FIeeson-
Doris Feeson-
New Approach to the H-Bonb
Only Small Measures Exist in Face of Big Danger;
Many See Need for Restotna of the Problem

For the first time the
nuclear flssion cards are be-
ing laid face up before the
American people.
The Atomic Energy Commits
sion has clearly and authori-
tatively described the RADIO
active fall-out from the new
H-bombs. What informed Of
ficials have limited at and all
that the scientists have been
saying are more than borne
out in this official pronounce
ment to the Nation.
The peacetime possibilities of
nuclear fission confront this
country in the new British
blueprint for a switch-oyer to
atomic power to supply one
quarter Of the needs Of the
British economy.
All this has been in the
cards for a long time. In VAR
ious forms it has been dis
cussed and some action has
been taken. Last week the
Joint Congressional Committee
on Atomic Energy was prod
ding the Acc on peacetime
development Of the atom. A
Civil Defense Administration
and ONCE of Defense Mobiliza-
ton exist. The Defense De-
partment has done certain
things in this field.
But the difference between
today and yesterday is far
more than a difference Of de-
gree. What Americans had
feared H-bomb war might
mean they now know to be a
fact. What Americans had
hoped could be done with a
peaceful atom is about to be
accomplished in Britain.
Evening star., 1955-02-17
Overhead Cos Pumps

FORT WORTH. A radically
new gasoline-station design will
be presented soon. There will be
no pump islands. Gasoline will
be dispensed through overhang-
ing pumps.
Evening star., 1955-02-17


ance in production which, he
says. will help to dissipate
present farm surpluses, an
onerous problem that he lays
to the rigid price support
encouragement to production.
The surplus problem is most
acute with wheat, Of which
there Is now a two-year supply
on hand. 1t probably will 90
above that before leveling out.
Mr.. Benson has faith in his
program. He is sticking with
1t. He says a majority Of
farmers are for it. Thus he
goes forth to battle.
Evening star., 1955-02-17
PIone Directs Rescue

A British military plane d.
rected a ship 10 miles away to
the rescue of the crew Of q
Danish motorvessel. Bjornsunn,
which was In flames following
an explosion.
Evening star., 1955-02-17
Whale Oil Output Up

OSLO.-The Norwegian whal-
ing industry reports a Is per
cent increase in whale-oil pro-
duction for the 1854 season over
the year before and more than
double the figure for 1916.
Evening star., 1955-10-30
Buckeyes Ground Attock
rounces Wild cots 4o-0
COEIMBUs. Ohio. oct.

COLUMBUS, Ohio, oct. 20
H1 Ohio State buried North
westerns Minless and crippled
Wildcats under 4 seven-tpuch-
down avalanche today, the
Bucks remaining tied fok the
Western Conferences lead With q
1910 victory.
The powerful OEioans, grind
ing out huge yardage with an
unstpppable ground attack. had
the bah 10 times and scored
seven times. All-America Half
back Howard tF1opaiongl Casa
dy. who saw action In only 3
portion Of the first two QUAR-
ters. scored two touchdown
Ohio tailed twice In each Of
the FIRST. second and final pc
RODS and once In the third
Second. third and fourth string
ers carried on ii the last hhlf.
Northwestern, IN losing is
sixth straight game. was urapje
to cope with the bruising Hucis
IN any department. Coach Lou
Hahan Of the Wildcats left fouf
OF his first stringers home be-
cause of injuries. and his make
shift lineup, although II had the
bah II times, succeeded Ii
reaching Ohio territory only five
times. Three Wildcat advanced
died around the Ohio As.
Evening star., 1955-10-30
ConpbeII Leads
Indionu to Victory
Over Ohio U lila

BLOOMINGTON, Ind, Oct. %
H3.Miit Campbell, Indiana
University's former national de-
eathlon champion. took turns
giving q football to Ohio Univer-
sity and then taking it away
today as his Big Ten team de-
feated the Mid-American Com
ference eleven, 2I-14.
The 209-pound ilalfback inter-
cepted three Of the Ohio Bob
cats passes. lost the ball twice
on fumbles. and scored two
touchdowns. His 56-yard run
with one Of the interceptions set
up the other Indiana touchdown
by Fullback John Bartkiewicz.
fas,.ns 2niU 2 & 7 IL
Ohio o. scoring -Touchdowns Me-
Bride q, rlungel;. Wirtz a, rum. Con-
versions. Christophef 2
Indiana seofing--T --TouchdoWns Camp
bell a. pass from BartkieWieE; 8.
rnIi1; gaItkIewics t10. yurl. convsF-
8k8llAs AXAt - II