davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30
Adenouer-Pinoy Talks
On Soar Strike q Snoq

BONN. Germany. April 80 up.
Efforts Of Chancellor Konrad
Adenauer and French Foreign
Minister Antoine Pinay to settle
outstanding French German diff
ferences hit a snag today.
After a four-hour morning
session, Mr.. Adenauer told re-
porters:
ut is not clear whether all
points on the agenda can be
settled. II all points on the
agenda cannot be settled. then
they will be taken up In Paris
next week"
Mr.. Adenauer will be in Paris
then to attend the conference
to admit West Germany to the
West European Union and the
North Atlantic Treaty Organi-
zation.
Saar Question
!. Mr.. Adenauer's statement made
1t apparent that he and Mr..
Pinay failed to agree on some
points this morning. The diff
ficulties probably arose over
questions relating to the Saar
and especially to the future Of
the vast Roechling steel works
there. German-Frenc,i differ
ences over the Saar headed to-
days agenda.
During the morning, Mr..
Adenauer summoned Ludwig Err
kard, West German economics
minister, and Hermann Abs,
president of the Federal Recon-
struction Bank. Mr.. Abs was
said to be the federal govern
ment's contact man with the
Roechling family. This German
family has rejected French de-
mands that it sell the Roechling
steel works to France.
Talks to Roechling Family
II am doing what can to
settle the Roechling problem"
Mr.. Abs said. He talked by tele-
phone with members Of the
Roechling family several times
during the morning.
Mr.. Pinay plans to leave for
Paris this evening after a cour-
tesy call on Federal President
Theodor HeuSS.
German authorities said a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30
Virginia U. Chooses
Graduation Speaker

CHARLOTTESVILLE, April 80
P.-John Lord O'Brian, former
Assistant United States Attorney
General and overseer of Harvard
University. will deliver the gradu-
alton address at the University of
Virginia June 10.
A member of the Washington
law firm of Covington and Bur-
ling. his selection was announced
by University President Colgate
w. Darden.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30

District and vicinity-fair to-
night, low around 81. Tomorrow
sunny and warm.
Virginia-Fair in west, partly
cloudy in east tonight, lowest As
81. Tomorrow mostly sunny and
warm.
Maryland-Fair and cool to-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30
Gems. Hull and BoIte
Retire in Ceremony

Gen. John E. Hull, former
commander in chief of the Far
East Command and of United
Nations troops in Korea, and
Gen. Charles L. Bolte, the Army
Vice Chief of Staff, were hon.
ored upon their retirement last
night with a full-dress retreat
parade and review at Fort
McNair.
Army Secretary Stevens and
Gen. Matthew Ridgway, Chief
of Staff. were hosts at the double
ceremony. 50
The service of the retiring
generals was highlighted by
citations accompanying Dis
tinguished Service Medals. Mr..
Stevens presented the awards to
Gen. Hull and Gen. Bolte.
Following the parade and re-
view of the 3rd Infantry Regi-
ment. and the firing of a 17-gun
salute to the honored officers.
they were guests at a large re-
ception given by Mr.. Stevens
and Gen. Ridgway. a.
There was a striking similarity
between the careers of the two
generals, it was pointed out.
Neither was graduate of West
Point. Both entered the Army
as reservists. Gen. Bolte was
commissioned shortly before
World War I, and Gen. Hull,
shortly after the United States
entered the war.
Both went to France in the
same regiment and served on
the Western Front in the same
division.
In World War II, Gen. Hull
served as a top general staff
officer here throughout the fight
ing. Gen. Bolte was in London
as an observ before this
country entered the war. He
was Gen. Eisenhower's first chief
of staff in the European theater.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30
63 ESCAPE INJURY
IN PLANE MISHAP

NEW YORK (P.-Sixty-
three persons escaped injury
yesterday when the nose
wheel of an American Air
lines plane buckled after the
ship landed at LaGuardia
Airport.
The DC-6, carrying So pas
sengers and q crew Of five,
skidded some so feet before
stopping in front of
hangar. The plane remained
upright.
Airport officials, however,
estimated damage to the
plane at 5000, 1000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30
Army Engineers
Official Retires

j. Ben Walker. executive sec
rotary Of the Army Engineers
Rivers and Harbors Board. re-
tired yesterday.
Mr.. Walker. 81. had more than
81 years of Federal service. He
retired for reasons of health.
Mr. Walker had been in his
last position for Is years. In It
he assisted the resident member
of the board in studying pro-
posed Federal river, harbor and
flood control projects.
He will be succeeded by Henry
N. Miller, who has been assistant
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30

Then he took command Of the
34th Division and was with this
group in Italy throughout the
campaign.
During World War II. Gen.
Hull spent several years in the
technical advancement of the
armed services, serving as COM
mander of the joint task force
that conducted atomic weapons
tests in the Pacific in 1948. He
later was director of the Defense
Departments organization to
evaluate new weapons systems
of all the military services. He
served as vice chief of staff from
1851 to October. 1858, when he
was given the Far East Com
mand. -,,...., .............--
Gen. Bolte, during World War
II, commanded the 7th Army in
Europe and later was command
erin chief of all Army forces
in Europe before he succeeded
Gen. Hull as the Army's No. 2
soldier in Washington.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30
Mt. Rainier Candidate
Seeks Loon Firm Lows

Regulation of small loan COM
panies in Mount Rainier, Md,
was proposed today by William
F.. Keys, a candidate for city
councilman. He promised that,
if elected, he will try to limit by
ordinance or legislative action
the number of loan companies,
which line both sides Of Rhode
Island avenue in Mount Rainier
for two blocks over the District
line.
Mr.. Keys, postmaster at Mount
Rainier for 16 years and a one
time councilman in Brentwood,
Md. is seeking election from the
First Ward.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30
Shotgun Blast Kills
Screaming Woman;
Husband Accused

SODUS. N. Y, April 80 (P.-
A 27-year-old housewife was
slain by a shotgun blast as she
ran screaming down a street
last night. Her husband, a rail-
road section hand, was charged
today with first-degree murder.
Mrs. Blanche Vanderbrook was
killed as three young daughters
watched, and a 12-year-old STEP
daughter, Mary Seymour. tried
to shield her.
Richard Vanderbrook, 80, fed
into the woods near Lake On
tario. Two State troopers cap
tured him near his home early
today.
Inspector William F. Driscoll
said Vanderbrook had signed a
statement admitting the killing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30
Market Health
RafedAboye '29
By the Associated Press

The Senate Banking Commit
tee made public today a staff re-
port picturing the stock market
as unquestionably healthier"
early this year than it was in
the pre-crash months of 1929.
The report says, however, q
comparison with 1927-the year
the greatest bull market in his
tory begar--is much less ia
vorable" to the state of the mar
ket in 1855. Referring to the
possibility of speculative ex-
cesses" this year, it goes on to
say:
IF there is any lesson to be
drawn from the 1929 expert
ence it is that it is healthier to-
spot excuses early and correct
them than to ignore their exist
ence until speculative trends de-
veloped which are difficult to
correct without injury to other
segments Of the economy"
The report was prepared by
Staff Director Robert A. Wallace
and other aides to lay the
groundwork for the Banking
Committees recent friendly
study" of the market and of the
stock price rise that began in
late 1858 1t includes little ma
terial that was developed in the
inquiry itself.
Since it is a staff document
and not one made by the COM
mittee itself, the report avoids
any recommendations. Its data
on possible excess credit and
overspeculation. however. formed
a basis for much of the ques-
tioning by Chairman Fulbright
and some other Senators in the
recent hearings.
Since the hearings ended, the
Federal Reserve Board has in
creased margin requirements
for buying stock. A purchaser
now must put up 70 per cent Of
the price in cash, compared with
the former so per cent. The
board raised the ante from so
to go per cent last January.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30
DUPONT Income Gain
EquoI to 81 q Shore

WILMINGTON, Del, April 80
R.-E. I. Du Point de Nemours
& Co. yesterday announced net
income of $93,736,360 equal to
81 per share of common stock
for the first three months of
1855.
This compared with $73,793,-
248 or $1.56 share for the same
period in 1854.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30

HONORED - Robert G.
Hudson, a veteran OF IS
years with The Star, was
honored on the occasion of
his retirement yesterday
with letters of thanks from
Star officials and the gift
of a television set, to be de-
livered to his home today.
Mr.. Hudson, who lives at
271S Arizona avenue NV,
was supervisor of the circu-
lation bookkeeping depart
ment at The Star. He joined
the staff In February, 1920.
Mr.. Hudson has a married
daughter and two grand
children.-Star STAFF Photo.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30
10000 COUGH DROPS KEEP
MONTGOMERY LISTENERS SILENT

SUPREME HEADQUARTERS ALLIED POWERS
EUROPE H'.-Fied Marshal Viscount Montgomery of
Aamen likes absolute quiet when he speaks briefngs
deputy supreme allied commander No may cough
For the last five days Lord Montgomery has been
speaking daily $50 generals and admrals and their
aides in the annual command post brain exercises
Lord Montgomery provided 10000 cough drops They
distributed in containers labeled five languages.
Lord Montgomery pronounced the plan a and
promised more cough drops next year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30
TODAY'S WEATHER REPORT

night, low near So. Tomorrow
mostly sunny and warm, high
near rs.
Winds-Northerly 1915 miles
per hour tonight and tomorrow.
River Report
tFrom q. s. Ensineers)
Potomac River cloudy at Harpers
Ferry and cloudy at Great Falls: Shen-
andoah cloudy at Harpers Ferry.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30

Joint French-German commu-
nique summarizing the confer
ence will be issued before Mr..
Pinav's departlIre.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30

TODAYS WEATHER-Scattered showers forecast to-
night the Eastern Dakotas along the coast Of
Southern California showers also will fall parts
OF the Northern and Central Rockies mainly the higher
elevations will be cooler the Northern and central
Rockies and the far Southwest. change to
will take place the Ohio Vaey-AP Wirephoto Map.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30
NEEDING A PUBLIC OFFICIAL

NLEDEITV0 n TODEIN OTT7NTAL
Maryands Gov McKeldn his usual jova self he gets
immunizaton shots from Pfc Edward r. Adams, medical
techncan at the Penagon dspensary in preparation for
trip to Heidelberg Germany The Governor will take part
in graduation exercises University Maryland extension
students in the armed forces-U. S. Army Photo
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30

Highest SO, on April 10.
Lowest. 10, on February 8
High and Low Of Last ~ Hours
High. SO, at 6;15 pm.
Low SO. at AIS am,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-30
ONE
BEDROOM
APT. FROM
sII7.00
TWO
BEDROOM
APIS. FROM
$3.50
DIRECTIONS

Located South Gisbs Rssd just Arlington
washinsten. Memorial Bridss, bear
10 Arnsten Beulevafd ~. SO, 10 Gebe Road. left
South Glebs on. l4th Bride EAST Pensa
felIew Columbia Pike 10 Gebs Read bear right
Dominion Arms. Only minutes Pentason Excellent bus
service thrsusheut Arinstsn dewntevn wsshinstsa
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1955-05-12
Bluffton' Women At
Toledo PTA Meeting

Four Bluffton women represented
the local Parent Teacher association
at the annual convention of the PTA
Northwestern Ohio district in Toledo
Thursday, Friday and Saturday of last
week.
Attending the three-day conference
were Mrs. Richard Cookson, president
of the Bluffton association; Mrs.
Francis Reichehb Mrs. Karl Gable
and Mrs. Robe ert Barnett. Theme of
the convention was Harmony in the
Home, Schooy and Community.
The program included several ap-
pearances Sf the Toledo Wernert
Elementary School Band, largest of
its kind in Ohia. Following the Satur-
day evening ba hquet, the program in
cluded SYMPOSIUM on the subject,
''No Man is an Island" Participating
in the discussion were DR.. Ada
Stephens of the University of Toledo;
Mrs. Wilson Storey, president of the
Ohio PTA Congress; and Gordon
Humbert, Lima School Superintendent.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1955-05-12
RAWSON
ROUNDUP

Tonight is xhe regular meeting of
the Rawson Liona Auxiliary at the
Community Park Mrs. Carl Smith
and Mrs. Helen Blunk are hostesses.
Secret Sisters 1ames will be reveal
ed and nameg drawn for another
year
Mr.. and MrsA, Dean Smith and Gin
dy had as thefN Sunday dinner
guests, Mr.. and Mrs. Rudolph Pore
and Dorothy of New Stark.
Mr.. and Mrs. Raymond Bunk and
Beverly of Findiay, were home on
Mothers Day. they spent the day
with Mrs. Helen Bunk, Rawson.
Mr.. Charlie CookSon was admitted
to Parkview hospital, Toledo, Thurs
day of last week Fl Sr surgery. He is
doing well but will remain there for
several days. His address is Room
205, Parkview Hospital, 1920 Park
wood Ave-, Toledo, Ohio.
Mrs. Frank Kimberly and Mrs.
Sam Culp were shopping in Findlay
Friday.
Capt. Russell Fellers and family
expect to be back in the States in
August. They are somewhere in Ger
many at the present time.
Mrs. Sam Culp and Mrs. Viola
Brenner attended the lodge meeting
of the. Daughters of America in
Findlay TueS Sday evening. The char
ter was drape4 for the late Mrs.
Ethel ArnoldI who passed away
April 10. She Vas the mother of Mrs.
Robert h. Powell of Rawson.
Mr.. Robert H. Cooper died in the
Blanchard Valley hospital Monday of
last week. He had been in ill health
for year. HI is survived by his
wife, four sonsj three daughters, ten
grandchildren, one brother and one
sister.
Mrs. Don Sepienza and baby son
are at home. The goungster was born
Monday afternoon in the Blanchard
Valley hospital iand has been named
David Lee.
The many folks who visited Mrs.
Viola Brenner> of Rawson on Moth
er's Day were; Mr.. and Mrs. Elmer
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1955-05-12
Electric Radiant
Heat Installed
In Rem6deIed Home

Bluffton's fl frst electric radiant heat
ing system was. being installed this
week in an extent Sive remodeling pro-
ject. at the homk of Mr.. and Mrs.
Clay Henderson, on Cherry street.
The new tyge of heating system
which eliminates the furnace entire
ly and even nj axes the chimney un-
necessary in a \ home is being install
ed by Kimmel Marshall of the Mar
shall & Bixel appliance store.
The insulated Wire cable manufac-
tured by General Electric Co. is in
stalled in the ceilings of seven
rooms and bath and plastering work
will be started this week. The heat
ing cable is n Mastered into the cell
ing.
Each room Of the house has sep
arate thermostat which automatical-
ly controls the Heat as it is desired
in each room.
Considerable space is saved in the
home by elimination of radiators or
heating ducts and registers, making
more wall and floor space available.
A. o. Badd drtscher and associates
are remodeling the home to which
has been added five rooms and a
bath in a new addition constructed
on the rear of the home.
There are tive bedrooms upstairs,
and on the main floor a new kitchen,
utility room, bedroom and bath.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1955-05-12

Brenner, Crestline; Mr.. and Mrs.
Harold Bremen, Youngstown; Mr..
and Mrs. Clarence Gilbert, Fostoria; /;
Charles Cameron, Eawson; Mr.. and
Mrs. Christian Brenner, Fostoria /;
Mrs. Mabel Bower, Findlay; Art
Houston, FindlAy; Alva Wittenmy-
er, Newberry, Mich; Mr.. and Mrs.
Vernon Wittenmyet, Tacoma, Wash. !;
Mr.. and Mrs. c. A. Ferguson, Find
lay. Mrs. Brennkr will be 80 years
old on August Is, 1866.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1955-05-12
Burcky To Speak At
ALger SpOrtS Dinner

A. C. BurSky, veteran coach and
athletic dired tor at Bluffton college,
will be the principal speaker at the
Alger high school athletic banquet in
the school cafeteria Thursday eve
ming.
Sports letters and awards will be
made by Don 7 H'uchs, Alger coach, be-
fore an audiehc of students and
parents.
Burcky is president of the Mid
Ohio League and is the third oldest
athletic directog in the state in point
of service.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1955-05-12

The hills are sure shrinking under Ford this
yearl With Trigger -Torque "zoomph" from
either of two Mighty Y-block V-8's or the
also-more-poweful I-block Six, hill-climbing
is breeze. Apd that goes for passing, too.
And that new Speed-Tngger FordomaticI"
You get even quicker starts, even easier
passing, while the touch of your toe does all
the shifting, It's new automatic low gear lets
you 60 from low, to intermediate, to high
automatically with the drive selector still set
at Drive Dr)l
FOrds new Angle-Poised Ride cushions
Smyrna times., 1955-09-01

the son of William H. and Mary
Macy Burris, both of Delaware,
and early took up steamboating
as an occupation.
Smyrna Firemen opened their
Street Carnival on Frazier Street,
Friday night to continue thru the
night of Labor Day. The attrac-
tive layout of the street carnival
has been a center of attraction
every night.
The marriage of Miss Rebecca
Ann Williams, daughter of Mrs.
May Harris Williams and the late
Fred Williams, of Smyrna and Re-
hoboth Beach, and Lieutenant
William R. McTernan, Sixty-first
Cavalry Reserve, U. S. A., of the
Lewes CCC Camp, took place Sat
urday, August "a, at 10 o'clock in
the rectory of st, Anges' blythe
Sea, at Rehoboth. The Rev. AL
Smyrna times., 1955-09-01
Church of the Nazarene

The Church of the Nazarene,
the Rev. ]. c. Reedy, pastor, an
nounces services for Sunday, Sept.
4th as follows: Sunday School at
10 am. Mr.. Edward Garrett, SUI
perintendent, in charge. The les
son, worship in a Nations Life"
shows Gods help in rebuilding
place of worship. The Golden
Text: mot by might, nor by pow
er, but by my spirit, saith the
Lord of hosts Czech. 46). The
message for IL am, worship
"Jesus Teaching with Authority"
Text Matthew z: 20 For he
taught them as one having au-
thority, and not as the scribes."
The evening services consist of
young peoples meeting at 700
and at 7:30 an evangelistic SER
vice. Three young people from
the local church are attending the
institute this week at the Naz-
arene Camp Ground, North East,
Maryland.
Smyrna times., 1955-09-01

fred C. Jones performed The cere-
mony.
Mrs. May FAIRIES Jones, daugh-
ter of the late Mr.. and Mrs. Isaac
H. (Rebecca Jefferson) FAIRIES, of
Smyrna, and Mr.. George M. Rich
ards, brother of Mrs. Howard r.
Jones, also of this town, were
quietly married at Elkton, Md,
last Thursday, August %.
Miss Bertha Smithers, who has
recently returned from a visit at
Cape Cod, Mass, and Scarsdale,
N. Y, was the guest of Miss Dora
Wilds, of Dover, on Tuesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Grover c. Kemp,
of near town, were recent guests
of Mr.. and Mrs. Oscar c. Stevens
near Elkton, Md.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Slaughter
entertained over the weekend Mrs.
Byron Slaughter and daughter,
Mary Louise Slaughter of Phila-
delphia.
Smyrna times., 1955-09-01
20 Years Ago

Students wishing to confer
with Prof. John w. MacFaddin,
the new Instrumental Music In
structor of the Smyrna Schools,
will have this opportunity to do
so during the first week of Sep
tember. The prospect of the
Smyrna Schools having a Band is
encouraging. Students who expect
to begin work on some musical
instrument should confer with
Prof. MacFaddin as to the instru-
ments that they are best fitted to
play.
Captain William L. Burris died
after a lingering illness of several
months at his home on Commerce
Street, early Wednesday morning,
at the age of 6S years. He was
Smyrna times., 1955-09-01

The dredging in Smyrna River
which has been much interfered
with on account of the recent wet
weather was resumed with great
er activity Monday when the
dredge Atlanta" which had been
away on another job, returned and
began work on the river and can
ais.
An unusual departure at the
proceedings of the Smyrna Town
Council took place last Friday
evening when for a short time the
members indulged in an informal
bond burning ceremony at which
all the recently redeemed bonds
amounting in all to $4,000 were
destroyed. The matter was
brought before the Council on a
motion of Mr.. Stockly, chairman
of the Finance Committee, who
moved that the recent order to
destroy the bonds be executed.
While the family of c. R.
Vaughn, two miles from here on
the Leipsic road were at dinner,
yesterday noon, one of them was
surprised to see smoke in the
barn. Giving the alarm they all
rushed to the spot to find the
building, the finest one in the
neighborhood, enveloped in flames
from which all hope of rescue had
passed. Eighteen hogs and shoats
which were in the pound were un-
able to escape the on rush of the
flames. The building was in size
30 x SO feet embracing stable,
granary, implement and carriage
apartments all under one roof,
with water supply and all modern
improvements. With the building
Mr.. Vaughn lost 30 to 4O tons OF
hay, 100 bushels of wheat, har-
ness, etc., which Ms estimated at
$500 to $500 dollars.
To facilitate a. more accurate
handling of mail by rural free de-
livery carriers, the post Office de-
partment is arranging for the
numbering of rural boxes. The
Postmaster-General has also con-
sented to have all the mail boxes
painted green at the expense of
the U. S. Postof1ce Department.
Mr.. William Norris is enjoying
a weeks vacation in Philadelphia
and other points.
Mr.. S. S. Wint, of Scranton,
and Miss A. R. Wint, of Lewes,
Smyrna times., 1955-09-01
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE CHURCH
Report of Church Services For
Next Sunday

The subject of the Lesson-Ser-
mon in First Church of Christ,
Scientist, 1901 Van Buren Street,
Wilmington, the Christian Society,
Grange Hall, Milford and the
Christian Science Society, VIA.
Building, Rehoboth Beach, Sun
day, September 4, 1855, will be
Man. Mans real spiritual status
as a son of God, not subject to
sin and disease, will be emphasiz-
ed at Christian Science services
Sunday in the Lesson-Sermon en-
titled Man" The account will be
read from the King James Yer
sion of the Bible of Christ Jesus
healing of the man (which had
the withered hand" including the
following passage (Luke 6:10):
"And looking round about upon
them all, he said unto the man,
Stretch forth thy hand. And he
did so: and his hand was restored
whole as the other" From "Sci-
ence and Health with Key to the
Scriptures" by Mary Baked Eddy
the following selection will be
among those read (317:1S-20):
1.-THE understanding of his spirit
ual individuality makes man more
real, more formidable in truth,
and enables him to conquer sin,
disease, and DEATH" The Golden
Text is from Romans (8:14): 'As
many as are led by the Spirit of
God, they are the sons of Cod"
Smyrna times., 1955-09-01
Gospel Tent Meeting

The Rev. Clarence e. Voshell
of Denton, Maryland, pastor of
the Church of the Nazarene, Hen
derson, Md, will be conducting
inter-denominational evangelistic
services every evening at 8 pm,
beginning September 2 and will
continue through September IL.
The services will be held on Glen
wood Avenue in Smyrna. There
will be special music and singing
each evening. You are invited. to
attend these services.