davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1955-12-08

seas, trading Baltimore-made goods
for raw materials and products in
almost every corner of the globe.
These ships, swrter than any
others then afloat, carried a lion $
share Of all world commerce. Bal
timore'a growth was 80 rapid that,
by 1900, il had become the second
city Of. commercial Importance in
the country.
After the War of 1912, there was
lt,-up i'm this rapid rate Of
growth, partly because the new
Erie Canal made serious inroads
into the City's trade with the West.
Construction Of the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad in 1927, the first
railroad built in the United States,
was Baltimore's answer to this
threat
An even more serious roadblock.
however, lay ahead the Civil War.
BY reason Of Maryland's position
as Border State, Baltimore en-
joyed little of the war prosperity
Of the cities Of the North and the
hitherto rich markets in the South
were casualties to the conflict.
For the next fifty years, Balti-
more suffered great difficulties.
Then came World War | which
ushered in a new prosperity. In the
1920's many industrial plants To-
Gated in the city. Shipping took q
new lease on life, and Baltimore
again became a leading seaport.
World War II accentuated the
movement, In two years, more than
100000 workers were employed in
the City's busy industries, two
thirds Of them engaged in the pro-
duction Of steel, the building and
repair of ships, and the manufac-
ture of aircrafts and electronics
equipment.
Much Of this growth has been re-
tanned, until today Baltimore is the
sixth largest city in the country.
and in terms of foreign tonnage
is the Nations second largest sea-
port-an important center Of in
dustrial, shipping, commercial and
financial activity. In a real sense.
commerce is the life-blood of the
economy of our City and State.
just as it lies at the core of the
City's history.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1955-12-08
THURSDAY. DEC. 8, 1855.
Congressional
Viewpoint
Sen. John Marshall Butler

Like something taken for
granted, the abundant history and
heritage Of the great port of Bal
timore often need to be voiced
again. Early Marylanders we're a
seafaring people. And, for many
years following the establishment
of Baltimore Town in 1929, the eco
nomic life of the community was
heavily dependent upon commerce
and trade.
The period between the Revolu-
tionary War and the War of 1872
has been called Baltimore's Cold
en- Age" These were the days of
the Chesapeake built Clipper
ships" which roamed the seven
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1955-12-08

lie would prefer TO leave the
fighting to his two brash young
friends. Mr.. Stephen Mitchell and
Chairman Paul Butler The trouble
there is that neither Mr.. Mitchell
nor Mr. Butler has enough standing
as a public or a party figure 10
make much Of an impression by
what he says Other party figures
carrying more weight seem con-
ccntratcd on criticizing what Mr.
Stevenson is and says. Thus. il
paradoXicallY appears that white
the Eisenhower illness increases
the Stevenson chances Of being
elected if nominated if adds to his
difficulties of securing the nomi-
nation Some of the gliding put on
him by his friends is being rubbed
Off by others supposed to be friend
ly.
Clearly this does the 'intellcctu-
al" Adlai no good, but look at the
situation of the Republicans, With
''ie'i poP'i'' an" SUI ~ pe e.
''oi'ii''''''" anu e-''i'''''u ie'''ei
suddenly disabled, if not disbared
from running they are way up in
'ii' an --'e''i'o i'.''i ii'".' i''ii ,
op.i''iiS,I. li'"' !''e 81 ''e''' no.
oi'iH WIN DC '"'e 20 i''i' p'' WIN
u'l' ! rear ~ Olous' nc 'alNeo WIN
'iie II 'Siue'''' NJ i'"'iS Ai'o"S "o
more Oh 'li'S SuOJec' 'hdIl any one
1lNe' OIeaIIy' 'he oiliN people VINO
N'io" are inc IIesioeii' "oc'o''
0i'" il'il'Seil' leailS' 100 'i'eS are
Soi''s 70 maze no announcement
''''''' 'i'e '''N' ~ d an ''''i IT, VI
eo''- So = 'oSS''''e iii'''. Sup'oi 'oo
W MS uoc'o'' 81 N''' iiSei'i'oN q
VIII De "'le 10 run ana 'i'd' "oulo
Se''le every ''lI''7. iio" ever i'ioS'
u MS II 'e''U' "o '''' 'ii'''N So
7Aol'iu '"eH pt lISn' inc 'os'c"l
c',i''i0''e No"'o 0e ice I '9Io1I''
-\iAoi'' "i'u pio''o'> WI IiSe'''
mower "oulo '''ooise iii'ii. q IAN
~ Il ne HI.'lsell Siloulo oe no'l''-
i'"'eo, WI -NiAo" "ouio 'SdiI ~
ms ci'oice ''S iu',ii'i'S !''"'e' ny
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1955-12-08
The Republican

Entered at the Post Office at
Oakland, Md, as second-class mail
matter.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1955-12-08
THE GREAT
GAME OF
POLITICS
By FRANK r KENT
Copyright BY The Baltimore Sun and 70
printed In The Republican By permissioA-
Bad For Both Parties

att.
l,..-1N..... 1870,
- ~, ''',' '','' WV W
',,,a.o ~ -. a,5 -.
-
-. ...,....,,;...,..
49,. a.. -. ,--.. - -
;a - ......,..,.. .,..,5
XIII N. ..,.,.. ~. ~.
.,.., - NJ. ....,',,..
.,a,,f,, -. a.. ,.,,,, .,....,.. Ia.
o,a
ne near. "''"eA u 'l'e r'eSi-
''i'' mas an eV,e" 'lr i'''''o0i ''lc
as wen do inc .''l'''i''''' "uIiooN'
VI e>Il''i'iV' "''"'' '''e r'Se''-
'''"o iiiii'9S, 1t was ''e''''' any as
sumo" 'ii'' N'' 'o.eN 'iISo" "o''o
0' iio''i'i'd'e" ana 'NI' EISENHOWER
"o'"o "Sd," o'er"'i'I'.' nun 9uen
81 n,a pnoa;,1a,., uIn, no,,oa - -
other than Mr. Stevenson had slight
eagerness to take him on. With the
Eisenhower heart attack. not only
did Mi Stevenson's own candi-
dacy come more out in the open
but other Democratic aspirants.
such as Governor Hartman of New
York Senator Kcrauver of Tennes-
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1955-12-08
Along The Potomac
With Your Congressman
Dewitt 6. HYDE

The Joint Committee on the Eco
nomic Report is currently engaged
in hearings on the impact of federal
taxes on the nations economy. En-
pert Witnesses are presenting a va
riety Of opinions covering the gem
eral field of taxation and are also
giving their ideas on some specific
legislative proposals.
TO me, though. it seems the wit
nesses and the Committee Mem
bers are overlooking an important
function of the taxing power Of the
federal government We frequently
hear that the governments power
TO tax is in itself the power to de-
sroy. If this is true, then the con
verse must hold. that the power to
tax can be used to create Wise tax
policies can be the means Of pro-
viding a continuing prosperity--a
prosperity that is not confined to
any particular group or groups
within the nation.
Frequently businessmen in the
9th Maryland District discuss their
problems with me. Many state that
all they ask is a tax policy which
permits them to compete success
fully with the larger and more
powerful organizations In other
words they are asking that our
laws be framed in ways that will
give the small merchant or manu-
facturer an opportunity to serve his
customers within a competitive
price range.
The answer may wei be in the
use of the taxing power to help
create business. Tax principles as
applied TO small business have a
direct bearing on growth, and per
haps even the survival of many of
our small enterprises. Politicians
are quick to speak of aiding the
individual taxpayer especially
those in the middle and lower in
come brackets. Unfortunately. they
are not so quick to see the i'm
portance of relief for the indiyidu-
al in his capacity as oWner-oper-
ator Of a small business. Both are
important
A bold new approach to the
problems Of the small businessman
is in order This means spelling
out a recognition Of size and APP
plying it to all MISUNDERSTANDING
Legislation. Ability to pay" in the
individual tax field is another way
of recognizing size" Why not in
business.
believe the present Congress
could make a real contribution to-
ward solving the small business
dilemma if it would thoroughly
study the tax structure in its rela-
ton to small enterprise I see no
reason why a graduated income
tax for business would not be as
satisfactory as it is when applied
to individual income. 1t may be in
the taxing policy field that the sal
walton of small business lies,
On My Calendar: On Thursday.
December 8, | expect to attend the
Montgomery County Planning AS
sociation meeting in the County
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1955-12-08

Building at Rockville l plan to
take part in the dedication of the
National Security Savings {; Loan
Association new quarters in
Bethesda on Saturday afternoon,
December 10. That night shall
make the dedication address at the
of the new building for
the Takoma Park Library Later in
the evening l shall drop in on the
reception for the American Legion
State Commander, David L. Brig
ham, given by the American Legion
County Council, Area A. at the Sill
yer Spring Hot Shoppee
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1955-12-08

Eight Vet organizations voted to
advocate one percent increase in
sales tax to pay a bonus to war
veterans.
Defense budget for next year will
be about 34l2 billion dollars.
British Prime Minister Eden and
Eisenhower will meet January 90
on strategy for combating Russia 5
stepDeG-up cold war maneuvers.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1955-12-08

The Republican is published
every Thursday at The Republican
Building, Second street, Oakland,
at the following rates Of subscrip-
EOn.
Evening star., 1955-10-30
WATER BOND ISSUE HIGHLIGHTs
The County Says

/. A public water system
supplied by the Potomac River
can be developed with the pro-
posed $50 million bond issue.
2. Private companies might
be able to meet present needs.
but q fast-growing county lilae
Fairfax must look TO the fu-.
ture.
8. The Potomac River ap-
pears to offer the most SUBJ
stantial and safest source OF
supply for Fairfax County.
1. The plan Is financially
sound, and can be repaid from
service charges.
S. County rates will be
higher at FIRST. but can be re-
duced when the public sys-
tenn gets going. Fire plugs are
included In the county rates.
s. "A county system would be
under direct control Of the
voters. while the private COM
panies are regulated by the
State Corporation Commission.
Evening star., 1955-10-30

Virginia company experts claim.
County officials have been ad-
yised 1t would be unwise. II not
impossible. to sell more than
$40 million In water revenue
bonds ct one clip.
The county's answer Is that
1t at first intends to buy only
enough private companies for .
nucleus Of the new system. It
would buy water from Falls
Church and the Virginia COM
pany while the new source on the
Potomac is being developed.
II was explained that the
county could buy water from
Falls Church. even though pri-
yate companies cannot. The
reason Is that Falls Church's
water comes from Dalecarlia,
which can sell only to public
systems.
Virginia Water Co. ofi-
cials are confident that Inn
Iprovements at Occoquan would
give the county an adequate
supply--but the supervisors and
certain citizens don't agree.
The Virginia company has
completed q new transmission
line from Occoquan reservoir. A
new pumping station and 995, :
000-gallon storage tank have
been added to the Annandale
Water Co. system supplied by
the Virginia company. t
The company also Is proceed.
ing with plans to raise the Occo-
guam dam TO back up 10 billion
gallons of water.
THE total cost OF our expan-
sion would never approach any
thing like $50 million. = said Mr..
Richards. And In the end We
could supply SO million gallons
OF water q day. The Potter
plan only anticipates q need Of
80 million gallons Q day By the
year 1000"
Mr.. Richards said total
amount Of water eventually
available from the Falls Church
and Virginia systems would
reach 10 million gallons q day.
The supervisors are giving full
attention to an admonition by
the Potter report TO give Occo-
guam further study. But they
doubt Occoquan's capabilities
and are skeptical about esti-
mates for enlarging the reser-
voir.
They have heard the projects
cost estimated at between $40
million and SIS million and
consider that too high for the
possible results involved.
Evening star., 1955-10-30
Opponents Soy

I. The Occoquan Reservoir
Of the Alexandria and vir-
ginia Water companies and
the Falls Church municipal
system can meet the county's
needs.
2. About $40 million of the
bond issue would be spent to
bring water into areas that
already have 1t.
3. Conditions that prompt
ed 70 many companies about
private water companies In re-
cent years have been corr
rected.
4. The coumty's engineering
plans are too vague, and ap-
pear to be financially rn-
sound.
s. County residents will pay
higher water bills II the pub
lie system is approved.
8. The operations Of pri-
vate water companies are reg
ulated by the State to guar
antee adequate and safe water
supplies.
Evening star., 1955-10-30
Pertinent Focts

Generally the area covered BY
the public system ct flrst would
be the same served BY the In
|tegrated sewer systent. The
county claims the system can be
extended anywhere that deyei-
opment justifles.
In addition To supplying those
points now served BY the private
companies, and SONS new areas
the plan would carry water to
the town systems Of Fairfax and
Vienna now supplied BY deep
wells. However, the towns would
retain ownership and operation
of their systems.
Approval Of the $50 million
figure Is sought as the maximum
amount needed II it Is decided
to build q new filtration plant
instead Of using Dalecarlia. En-
gineers have advised use Of the
Dale@rlia plant, q cheaper plan,
Il possible.
Broken down. the estimated
costs run this way:
Potomac River pipeline from
Dalecarlia lif that plan Is tisedl
$3.50. 900: supply line to primary
storage at Tysons Corner. ST.
$50, 900: pumping stations,
$I7o. 1000: county filter plant (if
Evening star., 1955-10-30

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS are IN
and maximum Of $3.50. For q
l00-foot lot this would mean Q
total charge OF $3.50 and the
service would be installed from
the main TO the property line.
This schedule Il for . normal
three -quarter-inch service with
10 five-eight-inch meter.
The county does not propose
to charge any new fees to per-
sons already connected to exist
ing water systems. The county
plans to put In fire plugs at no
additional cost to residents.
Virginia Water Co. has d dif-
ferent system. The company Is
willing to invest $l68 per house
for q new extension. The diff
ference between that amount
per house and the total cost OF
an extension must be put up In
the form Of a deposit by the
home owners to be served.
When new houses are built
along such lines the company
does not charge them any addi-
Itiorlai deposits but refunds to
the original customers $i6S for
each new house as 1t Is built.
The company requires no de-
posits when 1t extends Its lines
into new subdivisions where the
cost Of installing mains Is less
than $l68 per house. This Is
particularly appealing to de-
velopers within the company
service areas. They get the new
lines from the company without
Evening star., 1955-10-30

water isn't obtainable from
Dalecarlia), $3.8 million; supply
lines to service zones. $4,4S6, 900;
storage tanks, $2.120.O00: trunk
mains. $2.536.O0O: new distribu-.
tion mains. $2.262, 900; distribu-
tion mains treplacementsl. $l.8
million: IRE hydrants. $623. 900:
acquisition OF existing water fa-
cilities. s4.4 million; contingent
and reserve allowances and le-
gal. engineering, financing and
administrative costs, $4.l07 900:
interest during construction.
81. .446. 900.
The county expects 1t will take
Is years to carry out the full
program, and proposes to sell the
bonds in two or more stages.
Since the entire program IL built
Evening star., 1955-10-30

millions ON . new source that
isn't any good. do you?"
The Virginia company also
argues that It Is wise to develop
IAN Independent source Of supply
apart from the Potomac River
Dalecarlia hookup. especially In
the event Of an enemy attack.
The county says Occoquan can
continue to serve Alexandra and
he inter-connected with the
county system.
As far as the isolated dry
wells are concerned. the Vir-
|ginia company claims the county
can't serve such areas any
faster than private utilities. The
county program Is supposed to
be self sustaining from revenue
and can only extend lines into
areas where income viii Justify
HI just like private water COM
pailies.
Some citizens. like James
Keith Of Bucknell Manor. ad-
lyocate q change because the
Inew system would be To-
Ically controlled. The existing
water companies are regulated
|by the State Corporation Com
r,Airriny4 a, RietaFvnnYd
Evening star., 1955-10-30

around q revenue bond issue.
however. the county felt 1t had TO
seek authority to sell the full
amount In one referendum. This
is because bond firms are Lot
likely to be interested in q reye-
nue. issue for part Of q water sss-
tenn when there Is no assurance
voters win approve succeeding is
sues to carry out the full pro-
gram.
Critics of the plan oppose the
linancisi proposals. According TO
Virginia Water Co., the county
does not have enough engineering
information TO arrive at q firm
figure FOR the proposed water
system,
Evening star., 1955-10-30
Whot About occoquon?

Occoquan Greek, which mean
iders along Fairfax Ceunty's
southern boundary all the way.
to the Potomac River. has as
sumed new importance in the
fight over the water bond issue.
Alexandria and Virginia Water
Co. abandoned Lake Bancroft
and adopted Occoquan Greek as
Ia source Of water supply In 1850.
Occoquan did not escape ef-
fects Of the 1854 drought. The
water level dropped so low that
the water company got permis-
sion from the State Health De-
partment to pump Is per cent of
its supply from tidewater Of the
Potomac River ut the town of
Occoquan.
The emergency ended with
rains brought by Hurricane
Hazel. According to Mr.. Rich
ards. there was no shortage at.
the reservoir this past summer.
The county. however, thinks
the 1854 experience Is ample eyi-
dence to doubt Occoquan's capa-
bilities--even with the proposed
10-story extension of the dam.
Suppose the rains hadn't
come in August this year," asked
Mrs. Anne Wilkins, member Of
the Board Of County Supervisors
and q leading advocate Of the
water bond issue. Are we ex-
pected to drink their promises
OF raising the dam to flood many
acres that they do not yet own
and which some Of the owners
have no authority to sell?"
DR.. Harold Kennedy, county
health ofiicer. has stepped into
the Occoquan controversy by
predicting that 1t eventually win
have to be abandoned as q major
source OF water supply.
( How many watersheds can
we protect from pollution?"
asked DR.. Kennedy. isn't 1t
better to concentrate on protect
ing the Potomac River for the
entire Metropolitan Area? Be-
sides. the fiow Of water in Occo-
guam is only q trickle compared
with the Potomac Riverr
The Virginia Water Co. is un.
impressed by Or. Kennedy's
arguments. Were in business" )"
commented Mr.. Richards "You
don't think We want 10 spend
Evening star., 1955-10-30
The Bucke round

water shortages in Fairfax
County have become more acute
as the population has scared
from 100000 to 10000 In the
past fiye years. Each summer
has brought new problems and
new demands that something
be done about the inadequate
supply. I
Complaints have ranged from
customers of small, private water
Arms supplied by community
wells to- customers Of the big
Virginia Water Co., which didn't
build lines fast enough to keep
up with the population growth.
Protests were heard from Gus
toners Of the Annandale Water
Co., which imposed summer bans
on water use because both its
Transmission lines and supply
fell short.
More pathetic, perhaps, were
the laments Of home owners with
private wells which dried up be-
cause Of the water table drop In
the summer Of 1854. 1t was even
necessary for fire trucks to carry
water to hard-hit areas.
Adding to the county super
visorS' woes were complaints
about inequitable water rates.
higher in some areas than others.
1t all added UP to q need for
action. the supervisors decided.
and they started with an engi-|
neering study by Alexander Pot
ter Associates Of New York City,
assisted by @. Hubbard Massey Of
Fairfax.
A preliminary report complet-
ed last March concluded the
county could integrate all exist
ing companies into one public
system. The Potter report pro-
posed drawing water from the
Potomac. either directly through
q new filtration plant or through
the Districts plant at Dalecarlia.
It would be piped to a huge
storage tank at Tysons Corner.
the highest point in the county,
and now by gravitation through
the county's suburban belt. with
storage tanks In each service
zone. According to the encinee"s,
service eventually could be ex-
tended all over the cou..t,.
While some citizens feel the
Evening star., 1955-10-30

the county would be getting its
water from the Potomac instead
|of Occoquan." claims Howard C.
Richards. general manager Of
Alexandra and Virginia COM
|panies.
Opponents also insist the plan
Iners were too conservative in
|earmarking $4.4 million OF the
bond Issue for buying up existing
water companies. The Virginia
company claims its statistics
show the Il companies were
worth SIS million at the end Of
last year.
Thus II would require more
than half the first $40 million
bond sale to buy the firms. leav-
ing an insufiicient amount for
developing the county system.
Evening star., 1955-10-30

AA-AaAA1AA
lion for q county hospital. but
1t is the $50 million water bond
issue which has stirred q mighty
controversy.
On one hand are the Board
Of County Supervisors and many
Of the residents Of this rapidly
growing county. They feel the
time has come to establish q
public water system supplied by
the Potomac river. the areas
most bountiful source.
The Supervisors emphasize
that the bond issue. while the
largest ever sought In the coun-
ty. win create no additional tax
burden. It calls for revenue
bonds financed BY service
charges and not taxes. Yet the
prospect of an eight figure debt
Is not easy to sell.
Chiet opponents are the inter-
locking Alexandra and Virginia
Water COMPANIES. The county
plans to absorb the Fairfax
County lines Of these two COM
panies in the proposed system
along with II lesser private COM
panies. '...s-..5
They say the needs Of the
water-thirsty county can be
satisfied within q year or two
by expansion Of the Occoquan
Reservoir. present source Of
supply. And they argue that
extension Of the Falls Church
water system win supply other
customers outside the Alexandria
and Virginia franchise areas.
So the private VS.. county
debate has swelled. raising ques-
tions by those who must decide
1t with votes. Some Of the
answers from both sides Of the
question are given here.
Evening star., 1955-10-30
Different Source

The Virginia company says the
first $40 million would be spent
on bringing water into areas al
ready served by existing COM
panies.
The only difference is that
Evening star., 1955-10-30
How About Top Fees?

Fairfax County &proposes to
charge each new ecustomer an
$50 tapping fee. plus as$2.50 per
front foot charge-with q mimi
mum front foot charge of s125
Evening star., 1955-10-30
Controversy SwirIs
Over $50 Million
Water Bond Issue
Foirfux County Plan Opposed
By Two Major Companies

Should Fairfax County attempt to 20 ahead now
with the establishment OF public water system for its
residents?
That's the $50 million question confronting county
voters at the polls November B.
The electorate also win decide whether to spend $22
Evening star., 1955-10-30

whole subject needs more study.
and a final engineering report.
the supervisors believe the time
is ripe for q referendum.
They feel 4 longer delay would
eventually make the water sys-
TEN costlier. Some private firms
are increasing In value daily as
developers give them pipelines.
Another purpose Of an early
vote Is to facilitate legislation
needed to clarity condemnation
procedures. The supervisors be-
leve It might be necessary to
condemn some Of the private
water companies and they want.
q clear expression of the voters
before proceeding.
Evening star., 1955-10-30

During average quarterly consumption was 1920
gallons the Alexandra Waer domestic customers $3.50
BY Virginia Water Co.'S domestic customersJ
WATER BILL COMPARISON-ThS table compares
water rates Of existing companies serving parts of
Fairfax County with the proposed rate schedule
offered by the county