davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-02-03
Dors FEeeson-
Return to 'Contoinn1ent Policy
Eisenhower Reported Seeing an Uneasy Stoerote'
In China Sea With Neither Fighting Nor Ceose-Fire

enemy were fully informed Of
what the United States pro-
posed to defend. Comment
ing today on how wars started,
he said that World War I was
an accident, World War II
could not have been averted
because of Hitler's aims, while
the Korean war came because
this Government had indicated
it would not defend Korea.
The President tripped a lit
tie on his own rhetoric there.
He was reminded that his
Formosa resolution contained
an ambiguous expression prom
Using defense if necessary of
closely related localities"
about which there is wide
spread confusion. The Presi-
dent ducked the question.
Dispatches from Formosa
quote Chinese Nationalist
sources as complaining they
had understood the President
would mention Quemoy and
Matsu by name as these 10
calities." Chang Kai-shek is
said here to be angling for
written commitment and al
ready knows that for the pres
ent, the United States inten-
tion is to defend Quemoy and
MatSu.
Again the inspired stories
come to the rescue of the con-
fused. They say that Quemoy
and Matsu will get no long
term defense commitment and
may be used as bargaining
points in a cease-fire.
The whole net of all that
is on the record. inspired or
repeated from private con-
versations, is to fortify the
belief in political circles that
Mr.. Eisenhower is a peace
man. The truth is that were
this not generally accepted by
Evening star., 1955-02-03
Constantine Brown

.FBI Director John Edgar
Hoover has a permanent list
of the most wanted criminals
at large in the United States.
Similarly the Communists,
the phony liberals and neo-
progresSives in this country
are also setting up a list of
the most dangerous people to
American liberties" or Amer
ica's peace"
Their agents do not have
the power of arrest, it is true.
But they have a sometimes
more deadly power: that of a
smear campaign intended to
discredit the wanted" indi-
vidual and get him out Of pub
lie life. Half-truths, innuen-
does, sometimes actual fabri-
cations are the weapons of the
pressure groups which, while
claiming to be in favor of free
dom and peace and democ-
racy. are serving Willingly or
unwittingly the cause of the
enemies of our country.
Joe Mccarthy and his meth
ods," the Senator from For
mosa." william Knowland,
the late Pat McCarran, and
other such "reactionaries,"
have been and some still are
on the most wanted men"
roster. So was Gen. Douglas
Macarthur before he was dis
missed from his command. A
new name has been added re-
Gently, that of Admiral Arthur
w. Radford, who has become
fair game for them principally
because the chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff is credited
with advocating a strong ma
tlonal pollcy toward Cle CON-
munistS' imperialistic policies
in Asia.
Admiral Radford is regarded
by all those who are in close
contact with him. from Presi-
dent Eisenhower to officials Of
the State Department and
members Of Congress, as one
of the most lucid and compe-
tent men in our armed forces.
He was discovered" by Mr..
Eisenhower when he went on
his fact-finding trip to Korea.
soon after his election. The
victor over the Germans and
Italians in the European thea
Evening star., 1955-02-03
Fletcher KnebeI-
Potomac Fever

Ike the United States won't let the Reds take Foosa
The applause Congress spirited Some congressman figure
they applaud loud enough nobody will hear their knees
knocking.
Chicago and Philadelphia Democratic
vention Slogan Of the winning city: Democrats! We well
you with open Thanks to New Deal that's
about all got left"
magazine survey says costs much to and
buy house. YEAH but If didn't keep up
the payments the car how would get down to the
finance company to make the payments your house?
Representative Kwan of Ohio reelected House Demo-
chairman KrwanS job to talk sense to the
American voter-wle smuggling bunch of Democrats into
office behind his back
Hershey he wants to draft scientists NOW
who's laughing guys who out and kick all the tires
whenever the motor stalls?
President Nixon to leave goodwill tour
The Governments research department
says the last place Nixon made goodwill tour was the Far
the promotion department requests that this item be
eliminated for the time being
The administration says record million people draw
social security benefits Republicans explain that they need
more welfare around to remind them how much
they dSapproVe of it.
Evening star., 1955-02-03
In Defense of Admiral Rodford
Reds and Neo-Progressves Select Joint Chiefs Chairman
As Main forget for Compoiqn of Smeors. Hof-Truths

ter recognized in this naval Of
ficer the highest qualities Of
military concept and chose him
as his principal military ad-
wiser.
Admiral Radford does not
have the knack of endearing
himself to the members Of
the Fourth Estate or to poi
ticians. He has a cold. retiring
nature and is an extremely
poor backslapper. Neither does
he see any need to sell him.
self to the public through press
agents, public relations Off
cials, radio and television ap-
pearances. Unlike his COL
leagues among the Joint Chiefs
of Staff, he does not have to
go to Congress to fight for
appropriations for any partic-
ular branch of the service. His
Job is strictly one of correlat-
ing the strategic views of the
top defense hierarchy and
presenting them to the Prtsi-
dent, the National Security
Council and. whenever re-
quested by the civilian superb
ors, to the members of Con-
gress. His functions require
him to express his own mill
tary convictions based on
facts, which frequently cannot
be revealed to the public lest
they injure the national Sc
curity. These are argued out
behind closed doors with the
civilian policymakers. But at
no time does he have the power
Or for that matter the inten-
tion-of imposing his judg-
ment over that of the real
policymakers in the Govern
ment.
Admiral Radford considers
anonymity an essential portion
of his job. Newspapermen who
used to be in close and friendly
contact with him while he held
LESS responsible positions in
the past, have received hints
not to press their former
friendship in an effort to
wrench from him statements
or leaks" which might be
useful for a good story. He sell
dom sees them privately and.
when he does, only in the
presence of one of his subordi-
nate officers. The conversation
Evening star., 1955-02-03

dicial commissions, are In the
hands of the anonymous as
sistants in the White House.
Thus. the legislative powers
delegated to commissions are
being, as it were, redelegated
to the White House staff"
And again:
Scarcely a day passes that
the journals of finance in New
York and Chicago do not an
nounce another industrial or
financial merger. Boards and
commissions, created by Con-
gress to enlarge opportunities
for the people as a whole,
seem to have altered their
policies and to regard them
selves as champions of big
rather than of little business"
This is a perceptive analysis
by one who knows whereof he
speaks.
1t is distressing to sit here
and watch how clever and
skillful economic interests take
advantage of President Eisen-
hower's limited knowledge of
civilian government and of our
economic history, particularly
of the last quarter of a century.
Evening star., 1955-02-03
Doris FIeeson-

q There can be little doubt thai
President Eisenhower intends
to take Republicans into the
1856 campaign as the party OF
peace, prosperity and lower
taxes.
This conclusion appears in
escapably from the Presidents
own words in public and in
private and from explanations
of the Formosa situation
which are beginning to appear
in responsible places.
The President himself at
his press conference used the
word "stalemate" in a general
discussion of present maneu-
vers in the Far East. 1t was
promptly noted that this CO.
incided with inspired stories
describing the Eisenhower
view as being that IAN uneasy
stalemate" in the Formosa
Strait appeared more likely
than either fighting or a cease
fire.
The President envisages the
Formosa operation as a limited
war to be fought with limited
means for limited objectives,
the inspired version of his
views explains. The policy is
said to be regarded as CON
tainment" rather than liberia
tion-which brings the Repub-
lican President back full circle
to the Truman policy after a
mild Irritation with liberation.
The President refused to
discuss with reporters today
inspired statements that in a
limited Formosan war, unlike
Korea, "hot pursuit" of at
tacking planes would be al
lowed.
From the start of his For
moSa maneuver, the President
has insisted that war was far
less likely if the potential
Evening star., 1955-02-03
No Censoring at White House
Because Some Parts Of Esenhowers Press Conference
Were Not Released to TV Doesn't Indicate Suppression
David Lawrence

Maybe President Eisenhower
will have to give consideration
soon to the idea of two sep
arate press conferences-one
for the television cameras and
one for the newspapermen who
are not interested in dramatic
effects but solely in news.
With characteristic good ma
ture and sense of fairness. the
President, through his able
press secretary, James Hag-
erty, arranged to have certain
sections of his regular press
conference released for the
films. So unfamiliar are the
cameramen with the customs
and traditions Of newspaper
men that Immediately hue
and cry was set up that the
White House was "censoring"
the news. On Capitol Hill it
was even whispered by parti-
sans as a consequence that the
President was releasing only
the stuff that would make
good political propaganda.
What was overlooked by the
cameramen was that censor
ship" is a word used to de-
scribe suppression. Because
certain sections of the con-
ference were not released for
T'V didn't mean that what the
President said was withheld.
All the neWsmen-and they
represent every press wire
service-and all the commen-
tators who give news broad
casts on TV or radio were
still permitted to write every
thing they heard but not, of
course, in first-person quota
tlonS. Because a Stenographic
record is kept of these confer
enceS and is available a few
hours afterward, the news
writer's can paraphraSe in the
third person and give it all to
the public the same day. 1t
was most unfortunate that
any of the cameramen spread
the idea that some kind of
censorship was being intro
duced.
Actually, for many years it
kas been customary for Pres
Evening star., 1955-02-03

stance, in the first press con-
ference that was filmed on TV.
If the entire conference were
shown on the screen, then the
President would appear dis
tant from the eye because it
takes place in a large room
with a couple hundred CORE
spondentS in it.
Many of the questions and
answers at a press conference
may be important to those
familiar with the subject mat
ter, but a mass audience will
not long take an interest in a
rambling discourse on the
number of kilowatt hours that
needs to be furnished through
a Dixon-Yates contract or the
fine points of a security-prob-
lem checkup. If the TV folks
want a theatrical showing.
they could get a better one by
having a separate filming in
which the President carefully
acted out for their benefit cer-
tain parts of his conference
with the press or if the TV
men themselves staged some
thing more dramatic. But the
present arrangement can only
in the end prove less and less
valuable as means of getting
information needed as back
ground.
For a President who feels he
is going to be checked up and
called a suppressor or censor
Of news because he hesitates
to release everything he says
at a press conference is likely
to wind up with a mo COM
ment" habit on vital matters.
What's important is not the
development of the press con-
ference into a show but it's
continuance as a serious in
Stitution wherein the people,
represented by the press, can
get a maximum amount of in
formation from the President
in any way he chooses to give
it-off the record or on the
record in the third-person
paraphrase or in f1rst-per5on
quotes.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1955-02-03

cessive creation of commissions
to keep pace with invention
and economic progress-from
the railroad to the atomic
bomb.
In view of the dangerous
shift in Government going on
here now. we are lucky to have
back in Congress, as the result
of last November's Democratic
election victories, a man who
perhaps knows more about this
whole problem than anyone in
Government today. Senator
Joseph C. O'Mahoney. Demo-
crat, of Wyoming, who came
back despite the oratorical
onslaughts of Vice President
Nixon and New York big
money, got his knowledge from
his long legislative experience
he was in the Senate con-
tinuously from 1884 until his
defeat in 1952-and from spe-
cialized study as director Of the
so-called Temporary National
Economic Committee. That
was a joint congressional COM
mittee, Of which he was chair
man, which explored the whole
problem of monopoly for many
months back in 1888 and COM
piled a record that is still sort
of a Bible on the subject.
The Wyoming Senator raised
his voice in warning at the
seventh annual Roosevelt Day
dinner IN New York this week
about present trends and poll
cies of the administration
which, he said, seems Ito be
striving with might and main
to remove the economic capi-
tai from Washington, where
Roosevelt restored it, and move
it back to the counting houses
of Wall Street" On the prob
lem with which we are here
especially concerned he said:
THE legislative powers of
Congress, outlined in the very
first article of the Constitu-
ton, are the bedrock of popu-
lar government, yet they are
now being absorbed by the
White House which, to a de-
gree never before undertaken,
even in World War II, is be-
coming a law-making as we'll
as a law-enforcing arm of
government.
Every lobbyist in Washing
ton knows that the lines of
control, even of the quasi-ju-
Evening star., 1955-02-03
Thomos L. Stokes
Thomos l. Stokes
Wall Street Influence GroWinq?
Commissions Formed to Guard Public Interest Accused
Of Becoming Agents of Big Business Under COP

A subtle change is coming
over your Government which
can be hurtful to you as a
citizen interested in democ-
racy, as a taxpayer who con-
tributes to democracy and its
perpetuation, and as a con-
sumer who would like to en-
JOY the fruits Of industrial
democracy at a fair price.
This change can be charted,
among other areas, in the var
ious regulatory commissions
and agencies that are sup
posed to protect the public
interest in the various eco
nomic fields which touch your
life so closely-the railroad,
ocean and air carriers and the
rates you pay as passenger or
shipper; the telephone mo:
nopoly and its rates and serv-
ices; radio and television and
t h cir development in the
Wisest manner; electricity and
gas and in time atomic power
and the rates you pay for
them, and the like. Beyond
specialized commissions, there
is also a sort of catch all, the
Federal Trade Commission,
whose job it is to discover and
prevent monopoly and the
growth of monopolistic prac-
tices such as control of pro-
duction, markets and prices,
which cost you money.
What is happening, and it
Is apparent to anybody here
who knows Government and
observes it. is that the person.
mel Of regulatory commissions
has been reshaped through
the appointive power of the
President-and purposely. The
aim is to produce a sym
pathetic" attitude toward
business. as it is put. What
1t means in terms of what &C
tually has occurred is that
the public no longer has in
these commissions the public
counsel it needs to protect
itself.
What is often forgotten
and what is not known to so
many of our people-is that
these commissions are crea-
lures and servants of Congress
and belong to the people who
are represented by Congress.
They are not creatures at all
of the President or the execu-
tive branch. Why were they
created? Well, they were set
up, beginning with the Inter-
state Commerce Commission
for railroad regulation back in
1887, to perform for Congress
the duty it is assigned under
the Constitution to regulate
commerce. This duty became
so burdensome and required
such close and detailed atten-
ton with the rapid growth Of
our economy and the machine
age that Congress was unable
to give it the time required. So
Congress had to delegate these
powers, which it did with sue
Evening star., 1955-02-03

and much consultation with
French authorities, the contrac-
tor eventually was forced by the
French government to complete
his contract satisfactorily"
However, the committee con-
tinued, the French contractor
filed a claim with the French
government for the additional
work he had to do and the
French government paid him
S7,S17,143 for the job. United
States authorities then decided
he should have been paid only
$5,516,343.
While the question of reim-
bursting the French in this case
has been satisfactorily settled.
the report said. the "basic diff
culties which arise from the
French-military agreements" still
remain.
Evening star., 1955-02-03

idents to speak off the cuff
and then later on. if they
liked, to release for flrst-per-
son quotation various sections
of the transcript which the
newspapers might have re-
quested for use without the
paraphrase. 1t SO happens
that, with the TV cameras and
film machines recording the
transcript for the first time,
all that the White House did
was to use the same rule that
had been applied previously
it selected certain sections for
f1rst-person quotation. For,
after all. it would not be pos
sible to have the TV cameras
carry on their networks any
quotations that were denied to
the news writer's.
Even if the White House
were disposed to release GER
tain sections of the transcript
of a presidential press confer
ence to the newspapers and
radio and not to TV, it would
be within its rights. For there
are times when a President
stumbled in giving an answer.
and this could produce an ad-
verse impression to the eye.
But thus far anything that has
been released for first-person
quotation to the press has
been given to the cameramen
to use in the newsreels or the
TV.
1t is, of course, questionable
whether in the long run the
coverage of the press confer
ences by films will rebound to
the political advantage of the
President or will be good for
TV, either. This is because in
a prepared speech the Presi-
dent can speak more effec-
lively than in an impromptu
talk. The public also may get
bored with the press confer
ences on TV because most of
the time the camera is focused
on the President and there is
little of the atmosphere of
being present at a conference.
The face of none of the ques-
TONERS was shown, for in
Evening star., 1955-02-03

generally covers the vaguest
generalities and results in a
waste of time for the admiral
and the newspaperman alike.
Yet he is an easy target for
those who need a whipping
boy to show Mr.. Eisenhower
as putty in the hands of the
"pro-Chiang schemes" Ad-
miral Radford is not in a po-
sition to contradict the stories.
rumors and inuendoes spread in
print or by word of mouth about
his impressive influence over
the President, the Secretary Of
State and a number of con-
greSsional leaders. This much
is true: His unquestionable
honesty. his cold and brilliant
analysis of situations when
ever he makes a presentation,
do have an impact on the
thinking of the Nations pol
icymaEers. But when decisions
are made, they are based ON
the political consequences
more than on the military
merits of the case.
Because, in 1949, Admiral
Radford had fought with the
rest of the admirals for the
construction of the Forrestal-
type supercarrier-and SUBJ
sequent events have proved
their contention correct - he
was then and still is described
by his detractors as one Of the
top villains of the Navy. Adj
miral Radford was, however,
soon forgotten as a villainous
public figure. I Domestic mat
ters followed by the Commu-
mist aggression against Korea
provided other targets. It has
been particularly since last
summer, when. in response to
queries from the civilian pol
icymakers. he urged action in
Southeast Asia, that the at
tention Of the so-called lib
eral biologists became focused
once more on the chairman
of the Chiefs of Staff. Arm
chair strategists in Congress,
in the press and on the radio
question the soundness of his
military views and for good
measure, lest their arguments
be not sufficiently impressive
with the general public, oc-
casionally add a little smudge
to his character and integrity.
Evening star., 1955-02-03
Costs Of AT Bases
Too High in France,
House Probers Find

House investigators have called
for changes in French-American
military agreements to get a
more equitable and workable
relationship" in supervising the
building of United States mill
tary installations in France.
Cited yesterday as an exam
pie of ,"basic difficulties" under
the United States-French pact
was the case of an airstrp at
Deols which wound up costing
considerably more than the
original $4.5 million award.
The report was issued by a
House Military Operations sub
committee headed by Represent
ative Riehlman, Republican, Of
New York.
Spain Costs Lower.
The subcommittee said some
air base construction in Spain
is costing less than expected.
military assistance advisory pro-
grams in Greece and Turkey are
showing unusually successful
results" and United States Army
officials are taking adequate
corrective action on allegedly
faulty construction work at KaiS-
erlauten, Germany.
In the case of the Deols air.
strip, however. the investigators
said that under United States
French military agreements the
S45 million in American funds
was awarded a French contrac-
tor through the French govern
ment and the United States was
not a party to the contract.
Performance on this contract
resulted in unsatisfactory con-
struction and in many delays"
the report said.
Forbade Supervision.
United State. construction
inspectors were forbidden direct
supervisory authority over the
contractor. After many protests
Evening star., 1955-02-03

the politicians, the congress
sional history of the Formosa
resolution would be very diff
. ferent.
The Presidents emphasis
upon prosperity and good
times speaks for itself. He has
also in many ways progressed
far along the path of the
welfare state, a shift first
limited when a balanced budget
was deemphasized in aumin-
istration conversations last
fall.
The President this year did
not mention taxes, but if his
economists are right, he will
have a good opportunity to do
so in presidential 1856. The
expectation that he can and
will is the reason why Demo-
Gratis are starting to offer tax
cuts of their own, especially
in the lower brackets.
Evening star., 1955-02-03
Hollow Cable May Boost
IN, Phone Transmission
BY .he Asseeieted Press

NEW YORK, Feb. Bell
Telephone scientists are work.
ing on a small, hollow metal
tube which will radically step up
transmission of television i'm
pulses and telephone calls over
long distances.
Bell Laboratories announced
yesterday that successful ex-
periments have been used en-
ploying a metallic tube about
2 inches in diameter and with a
hollow center.
The tube itself is not solid
metal, but is made of thin,
tightly coiled copper wire
wrapped inside flexible coat
ing that holds the wire in place.
The present coaxial cable has
a copper wire running down the
center. The new Wave-guide
transmission. experiments show,
would carry many times the
capacity of present coaXial
cables and microwave radio relay
systems
Evening star., 1955-02-03
Loss Put al 100000
In State Market Fire
BY the Associated Press

INWOOD, w. Va. Feb. s.
State officials and businessmen
increased their estimates today
and said the fire which swept
The State Farmers Market here
Monday night may have result
ed in a loss as high as $500, 900.
Cause of the fire has not been
determined.
1t destroyed the 312 story
frame building, about 100 by
100 feet, which belonged to the
State.
The c. H. Musselman Co., fruit
packing firm which had leased
some of the space for storage,
said its loss would run some
where between $125,000 and
$3.50. 900.