davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-07-17
Foreign Aid

The House reared back last week
and served notice on the Defense
Department that Congress, not the
Pentagon, holds the Nations purse
strings. The lesson was a costly
one on the face Of it--an 10 per
cent cut in foreign-aid money for
the 1856 fiscal year. Chances were,
however, that the price Of the les
son would be reduced considerably
by future congressional action.
The bill at stake was an appro-
priation measure. originally calling
for about $32 billion in foreign
aid. This had been authorized
week ago by Congress.
Before the actual appropriation
could be voted, however, the De-
tense Department rubbed Congress
the wrong way. On June 80. the
last day of fiscal 1855. the Penta-
gon suddenly obligated" 1914 mil
lion In last years unspent foreign
aid funds. Congress had intended
that most Of this money be left un-
spent. kthat only 5000 million Of
Evening star., 1955-07-17
Cars and Buses Still Idle
Despite Settlement Efforts

After an off-again, on-again per-
iod Of hope and despair, the dead
lock between labor and management
in the Capital Transit strike re-
mained on dead center this week
end. It isAnow in its 18th day, and,
while it might conceivably end at
any moment, no one could say with
any degree of certainty that
settlement was in sight.
Hopes for a settlement were high
on Monday when Capital Transit
Chairman Louis E. Wolfson re-
turned to town by popular demand
and on order of a Senate sub
poena. Mr.. Wolfson had been
termed by public officials as the
"key" to the strike situation.
The youthful financier acted with
his usual vigor when he arrived.
He conferred with Capital Transit
board members. talked with Rep
resentatives on Capitol Hill, testi-
fed before the Senate District Com
mittee and then breezed out Of
town. He accomplished these
things:
. Accepted House District Com
mittee proposal for a temporary
ending Of the strike, based on a
120-day pay raise Of 10 cents an
hour for Transit employees.
temporary fare increase and q Con-
9ressional promise to work out a
long-range solution.
Q Rejected q Senate committee
attempt to put all the blame for
the strike on him.
. Shrugged OF . proposal to re-
woke his franchise.
q Offered his own plan 10 soles
Evening star., 1955-07-17

some believe to be the ''ultimats
weapon" In the next 5 or 10 years,
both Soviet and American scientists
hope to produce q pilotless guided
missile that can travel at 10 to IS
times the speed of sound, climb
500 miles above the earth, and H
bomb It's target with enough ac-
curacy to wipe out cities with one
swift blow from straight up
Developing and manufacturing
these modern weapons of war is
extremely costly. as both sides now
admit. So the relative strength Of
the Soviets and American econo-
mics play a major role in the race.
The United States quick dis
armament after World War II
used to be considered foolish. es-
pecially since the Russians did not
follow suit. 1t now appears, how
ever, that the Soviet Union actually
accepted an unnecessary strain on
its underdeveloped economy. While
the dlsarmed United States used its
huge industrial plant to strengthen
its civilian economy, the Reds
weakened theirs. In many cases
they threw their money away on
armaments which are already OBJ
solete or obSolescent.
Ten Year Breother?
Because the United States has
such a robust economy, this coun-
try could perhaps go on with the
armaments race-and increase the
pace-with much less strain than
the Soviet Union would suffer.
Many students of Russia speculate
that this knowledge may be the
big reason the new Red leaders
Evening star., 1955-07-17
Prospects

While all the Western leaders
agree that years Of negotiation lie
ahead before genuine peace arrives,
they are now encouraged by the new
Soviet attitude Of reasonableness.
On Friday, Marshal Bulganin said
all the right things at an unprec-
edented Kremlin press conference.
1--WE go to Geneva prepared to
discuss frankly the points at issue
to achieve a relaxation Of inter-
national tension and restore con-
fldence between states. The desire
of the people of the world is peace.
TWO world wars brought them only
suffering and the cold war bur-
dened the peoples with the crushing
costs Of an armaments race and
great fear. We do not want
war. We wish that the enor-
nous funds now being spent for
war preparations could be spent for
housing, for schools. for science,
for culture and peaceful develop
ment."
Later Friday, President Eisen-
hover said in his farewell report
to the American people:
eff the words that he (Bulganin)
expressed are as truly reflective
Of the hearts and minds Of the men
In the Kremlin as we are sure they
are reflective Of the hearts and
minds of all the people In Russia,
as in the hearts and minds Of all
the people in the world everywhere.
then there will be no trouble be-
tween the Russian delegation and
our own at this coming conference" !"
Evening star., 1955-07-17

the use of atomic weapons for fear
of setting OF . new world war.
Western Europe. the United States
and Canada organized q defense
alliance to stop any Communist
push in Europe. Other non-Soviet
defense alliances followed. And
this spring West Germany, with
its high industrial potential and
strategic position in the center of
Europe, cast its lot with the anti
Communist North Atlantic alliance.
Stolemote Approaches
But as the free world increased
its strength by unifying, the Com
munists were moving abreast OF
the non Soviet nations In the
nuclear weapons field. BY the
summer Of 1855 the two rival cold
war forces seemed close to a stale
mate across the board, but still
pushed the ornaments race full
speed ahead.
Both the Soviet Union and the
United States now have-or are
about to get-enough A-bombs and
H-bombs to wipe each other out.
For a short period the United
States thought it had lead over
Russia in the means of delivery
mainly bombers. But this advan-
tage now seems to be slipping away.
America still has its ring of air
bases close to the Soviet periphery,
but Russian submarines with
nuclear guided missiles could prob
ably Offset much Of this advantage
in the one-shot kind Of war now
in prospect.
The next big phase in the arma-
ments race centers on an inter-
continental .ballistic missile, which
Evening star., 1955-07-17
Issues

From the fe-Geneva statements
OF the Big -Four chiefs OF state it
seemed last week that armament
reduction would be the most likely
area where the Big Four could
make progress.
Both sides seemed deliberately to
have frozen their positions-far
apart-on German reunification
The Reds are still not ready to
permit genuinely free elections, nor
do they accept the idea that
united Germany could choose to
align itself with NATO.
AS for European security, the
West contends that a tension-f free,
secure continent is impossible with
out German reunification first.
Arms Cuts
Premier Faure apparently will be
the ball-cairier for proposal, orig
inally advanced by President Eisen-
hover that military budgets be cut
and the proceeds diverted to some
sort of internationally sponsored
Point Four program. M. Faure
suggested that the big powers could
proceed with this Immediately, as
first step in a general disarma-
ment program.
Prime Minister Eden gave the So
Wet another alternative. "There is
no reason" he said. why (the West
European Union arms limitation
systen) should not be extended in
some form from the West to the
East" He pointed out that West
Germany, like the other members of
the WEU, had accepted arms limi-
tations. There has never been
anything like 1t In the world be-
FORE" Sir Anthony said. "a volun-
tary limitation Of armaments, q vol
untary system of control and in
spection and plans still being
worked out for pool Of armaments
and other arrangements Of that
kind"
The issues Of the captive Soviet
satellites and the Cominform ap-
pear to be mainly propaganda weap-
ons for the Big Three. The West
should be able to condemn Com
munist subversion and enslavement
Of East Europe II the Soviet Union
scores any pm 4Iassnda points with
Evening star., 1955-07-17

Capital fransit's financial diff
culties. (The plan: Let four pub
lic-spirited Washington citizens
join with him in buying all CTC
stock and run the company for
five years without profits. AS of
late last night no takers had
stepped forward.)
The proposal by John L. Nc
MILAN, chairman of the House Dis
trict Committee, and Joel T. Broy-
hill. Virginia Republican. a men,
ber~ of the committee, looked for
while like a real basis for settle.
ment of the strike.
But the AFL Transit Workers
Union said mo-" and District Of
flcials and Congressman were
highly critical. The union said
fatty it would accept no temporary
settlement; it would accept no set
tlement contingent on any future
fare increase and it would not ac-
cept a 10-cent-an-hour raise or
any contract formula that did not
provide for an increase In pension
benefits.
The union said it would agree
to the Mcmillan -Broyhill proposal
only If an unproductive truce period
were followed by compulsory arbi-
tration of the dispute.
The company then took an
equally adamant stand. 1t would
not accept arbitration under any
circumstances. and 1t would not
pay a penny in wage increases
until it knew exactly where more
money was coming from.
The Senate District Committee
based its settlement hopes on d.
rect pressure on Mr.. WolfsoE1 The
Evening star., 1955-07-17
DIXON-YATES
Power Contract Killed,
But Democrats Hope
To Keep Fight Going

One chapter of the Dixon Yates
saga closed last week when Presi-
dent Eisenhower ordered the con-
troversial contract Cancelled. But
congressional Democrats are trying
hard to write q new political chap
ter about Dixon-Yates.
Dixon-Yates popped into the pub
lie print more than year ago when
Democrats learned that the Atomic
Energy Commission had been or.
dered by the White House to con-
tract for q private supplier to sell
electric power to the Tennessee
Valley Authority. The privately
generated power was to replace iva
power used by the Acc.
A group formed by Edgar II.
Dixon, head Of Middle South Utili-
ties, and Eugene A. Yates, head Of
the Southern Co., was designated
to supply the power. The ACC
negotiated the contract, and the
Dixon-Yates group started work
on a power plant at West Memphis.
Ark.
Democrats protested. They
charged Republicans with taking Q
first step toward destruction Of
iva. with selling out to private
power interests, with improperly
requiring the Acc to become .
power contractor for iva, and
with keeping details Of the deal
from the public.
The complicated Dixon Yates
matter turned out to have little
political appeal during the 1854
campaign. Democrats kept up the
fight, however, when the 84th Con-
gress met.
Contract Killed
Last week the contract was
killed. To. hear the Democrats tell
1t, Dixon-Yates was Cancelled be-
cause congressional investigators
were turning up scandal to rival
Teapot Dome. The Republican ver-
sion was that the decision by the
city of Memphis to build its own
power plant and stop buying from
iva made Dixon-Yates power un-
necessary.
Actually Democratic investigators
had found only, some administra-
tive snafus. some unnecessary and
embarrassing secrecy on the part
of the administration and one pos
sible conflict of interests case
(Adolphe H. Wenzell was a con-
sultant for the Government in the
Dixon Yates contract, and later his
New York investment banking firm
became financial agent - without
fee-for the project).
Republicans were right in say
ing Memphis city power plant
made Dixon Yates unnecessary. On
the other hand, it took the admin
iStration about six months to be.
come convinced that Memphis
meant business.
Next steps will be these: Con-
tinued Democratic investigation Of
Dixon Yates. Democratic attempt
to keep the Government from pay
ing Mr.. Dixon and Mr.. Yates for
their investment in the contract
and good try by the Democrats
to make Dixon-Yates an issue in
the 1856 elections.
Evening star., 1955-07-17

group questioned him closely at a
packed public hearing and then
threatened him with revocation of
Capital Transit's franchise.
Mr.. Wolfson had two-fold an
Swer:
First, all of the city's transit
troubles were caused by two men.
Robert Mclaughlin, former mem
Der Of the Public Utilities Com
mission and now q District Com
missioner, and Robert Weston. now
a PUG member.
Second. If Congress wanted to
revoke his franchise 1t was all right
with him-though 1t was q pretty
impractical plan. He Pid the pres
Evening star., 1955-07-17

In an atmosphere heavy with pledges of good faith and
hope government leaders of East and West gathered In
Geneva this their first conference at the topmos
level they wartime allies 10 years ago For the
United States Britain and Russia, it the first meeting
since Potsdam for France the first of its kind ever
The biggest of the Big Four who sit down together in
the Palace Nations Geneva tomorrow morning command
destructive power than any other pair of world leaders
history They have enough Abombs and Hbombs in their
arsenals to destroy civilization know it. Under the
pressure of this awful knowledge theyand the British and
French-have decided confer how they keep from
Evening star., 1955-07-17

ent management would be willing
to run its buses and streetcars for
a year while a search went on for
a new franchise holder.
Senator Wayne Morse. Democrat
Of Oregon, said Mr.. Wolfson's fall
ure to settle the strike would make
it necessary to push the bill to
lift Capital Transit's franchise.
Various officials tried on Friday
and Saturday to find basis for
settlement, but to no avail. So
there the matter rested this week
end, with no real hope for labor
peace-sust promises that another
attempt would be made starting
tomorrow.
Evening star., 1955-07-17
CONGRESS
No CompuIsion Found
In Senate Plan for
Compulsory Reserve

Congressmen have q deep-seated
reluctance to vote any Of their con-
stituents into the armed services.
Even compulsory reserve service is
hard to swallow, as Korean war
experience showed that reseryists
who have already served In one
war are frequently called for q
second even though men who have
never served 60 draft-free.
Last week this dislike OF compul-
sion ran into conflict again with
the Defense Departments request
for q large. trained and ready"
reserve.
The issue was q bin to provide .
20 million-man reserve BY 1860.
The House had balked at recon-
mended compulsory features and
had also run into snags over serv-
ice In racially segregated, State
controlled National Guard units.
The House-passed bill, Admiral
Arthur w. Radford, chairman of
the Joint Chiefs OF Staff, said last
week, was so bad the Pentagon
would rather have no new law at
all.
The Defense Department OBJ
jected to "a House provisions
which made reserve service volun-
tary for all persons who had been
on active duty prior to July 27,
1858, the end of the Korean war;
. (2) provisions reducing the num-
ber of men in the special six-month
training program; 90 raising the
minimum age of participants to
10: (4) reducing total reserve obli-
cation from eight to six years, and
(5) eliminating the National Guard
from participation in the reserve
program.
Senate Units Action
The Senate Armed Services Com
mittee tried to effect a compromise
between the House and the admin
istration proposals. The commit
tee restored the eight-year provi-
olOAA, 4COuCCu Tile luIAlIlIuiu age W
IL, removed the ceiling on the num-
ber Of participants in the six
month program and brought the
National Guard back-slightly-by
Offering guardsmen a reduction on
their total obligation in exchange
for three months active-duty basic
training.
But the committee also added a
bonus plan for veterans who join
the reserves (ranging from 5000 to
5000 and barred compulsory re-
serve service for any veteran who
served as late as 80 days after the
new law is approved In other
words. compulsion was farther away
than ever.
The Pentagon promptly criticized
the Senate program. And House
leaders indicated they didn't care
for it either. But the Senate went
ahead and approved the committee
bill, 80 in favor. LANCER of North
Dakota against.
The measure now goes to a
House-Senate conference for an at
tempt to reconcile differences in
the two versions.
Evening star., 1955-07-17
Gold War Decade

Everybody. including the states
men themselves, had theories on
why the meeting had come at this
time. Several reasons were advanced.
0 Horror ofatomic weapons.
. Staggering expense Of modern
armamentS.
. New free world strength, capped
Evening star., 1955-07-17


These are the chief negotiators;
For the United States: President
Eisenhower and Secretary of State
John Foster Dulles.
For Great Britain: Prime Min
lister Anthony Eden and Foreign
Minister Harold Macmillan.
For France: Premier Edgar Faure
and Foreign Minister Antoine
Pinay.
For the SoDtet Union: Premier
Nikolai A. Bhlganin. Communist
Party Chief Nikita s, Khrushchev.
Foreign Minister Vyacheslav M.
Molotov and Defense Minister
Georgi Zhukov.
The Issues
Hopes scared last week that
these ten men could take at least
the first preliminary steps toward
ending the decade of cold war
that has followed World War II.
These are the chief issues they
are expected to discuss:
. Disarmament or, more accu-
rately, a reduction in arma-
ments.
o European security.
Q Reunification of partitioned
Germany.
o. Freedom for Soviet satellites.
o. Communist subversion.
More important. perhaps. than
any Of these individual issues, the
Western Big Three will be search
ing the minds and attitudes OF
the Soviet delegation for some
solid basis on which to develop
trust. The Communists have
talked so much peace and fomented
so much war in the past that
Britain, France and America can
not yet be sure that the Reds
really want to end the cod war.
Kickoff Tomorrow
President Eisenhower. Prime
Minister Eden and Premier Faure
will meet for the first time with
Marshal Bulganin tomorrow morn
ing. Another top-level session is
planned for tomorrow afternoon,
and for each afternoon thereafter
until the conference ends, prob
ably Saturday.
Following the afternoon meetings
there will be informal buffets where
the big-power chiefs can loosen up.
And in the evenings there should
be several opportunities for in
formal dinners where real give
and-take sessions can run well into
the night.
In the present Kremlin mood of
joviality, these informal meetings
over hors d'oeuvres and highballs
are almost sure to make fascinat-
ing history. Newsmen on the scene
were already specializing that Com
munist Party Boss Khrushchev, the
heavy-drinking Mr.. Five-by-Five
who apparently is the first among
equals at the Kremlin summit, may
top his convivial performance at
Belgrade a few weeks ago
No one expected. however. that
the Communists regular-guy act
would bamboozle the Eisenhower
Eden-Faure team in the grim busi-
ness that confronted them.
Evening star., 1955-07-17

earlier this year by the entry Of
Germany into the North At
lantic alliance.
. Growing Soviet economic weak
ness.
All these factors, the free world
hoped, may have convinced the
Soviet leaders that the time had
come for q breathing spell, at least,
or a complete shift Of the two
worlds competition from military
to peaceful fields.
Part Of the answer lay in the his
tory Of the past decade. During
most of that time the balance Of
power between the Soviet and free
worlds had teetered crafty. The
Kremlin, particularly while Stain
was alive, hoped 1t could use these
shifts in the power balance to ex-
pand its empire. The Communists
made many advances, notably in
China and East Europe, but fell far
short of their ultimate goal of ex-
tending Marxism around the globe.
Two False Premises
The Soviet Union operated on two
false premises. First, it thought it
could force the capitalistic United
States to spend itself and the free
world into depression and economic
chaos. Second, 1t thought 1t could
split the United States from its
allies.
The Reds failed on both counts.
In fact, 1t now appears that the
Soviet Union has come much closer
to economic ruin than the United
States. Certainly the American
economy is vastly superior.
After vi day. the United States
had two big assets, the atom bomb
and the most powerful war machine
in the world. The Soviet Union
had no atom bomb and only the
second most powerful military
force in the world. not to mention
a devastated country.
After the Soviet Union spurned
early American attempts to put the
!, United States atomic arsenal under
effective International control. and
made it quite clear that it had no
intention Of continuing its wartime
friendliness with the West. the bal
ance of power began to shift.
Buildup Begins
The United States kept making
atom bombs and even went on to
develop the vastly more powerful
hydrogen bomb, but precipitately
dismantled its conventional" war
machine. The Soviet Union, far
from disarming, continued to build
its military strength. At the same
time the Kremlin worked feverish-
ly, by espionage and solid scientific
exertion, to master the secrets of
the atom bomb.
The Soviet Union soon had the
most powerful land force in the
world. And the American monopoly
on the atomic bomb was broken. BY
1949 the Russians had exploded
their first one. At about the same
time China fell to the Communists.
The United States still had supe-
riority in the atomic field because
of its large stockpile of weapons,
but Red military strength was
greatly enhanced.
When Communist land armies
launched their aggression in Korea
the free world set about regaining
some of the ground it had lost.
The United States and other free
world powers rearmed partially and
fought the Communists to a stand
still in Korea, carefully avoiding
Evening star., 1955-07-17

its Understanding but BOBBY
trapped proposals for bringing q
quick end to the cold war.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1955-10-07
Cumberland FILA
Girls Win Loads
Of Fair Prizes

Cumberland Future Home
makers walked on with fair
share Of awards at the recent Five
County Fair
Tho homGmaKera entered three
special booth tXhlDlts aud Won
fsst premiums ou each
Thf lrst such. d LARGO educa-
tlonal booth showed hos au FLA
alrl might help care for an in
FAINT A second booth on party re-
iieshments carried out red and
Whit color scheme with applo-
pirate fare fol an FILA party Tie
third EXHIBIT was Oh Tricks with
Homemade Biscuit Mix
III tho dress revue Mabl Cooke
won hfst prize for modelling the
best school outfit made uy am tx-
h.bitor Marian BALDWIN also won
first nonors for the best selected
school OUTFIT
airline Crockett won second
premium for tn best selected
church outfit w did Betty Jones
, 1955-03-18
P UBLIC NO TIcE

This is to advise all residents of all the Virgin Islands
that the PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION ON H APPLI-
CATION OF FEDERAL Avs TO THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
will hold two public hearings in the Virgin Islands, one pub
lie hearing at GOVERNMENT HOUSE, CHARLOTTE
AMAIIB, ST. THOMAS, ON TUESDAY, MARCH 22ND,
1855, COMMENCING AT 10 A. M. and another public hear
ing at GOVERNMENT HOUSE, CHRISTIANSTED, ST.
CRoIX, ON FRIDAY, MARCH 18TH, 1855, COMMENCING
AT 10 A. NJ.
All persons, firms, associations, andZor organizations are
hereby requested and invited to appear at the aforesaid pub
lie hearings and present to the Commission orally or in writ
ing such information, arguments or briefs as may be perth
nent on the subject of the applicability or non-applcability
to the Virgin Islands of any and ALL FEDERAL LAWS.
For more particulars or information on these public
hearings, the public is invited to contact beforehand Attor-
news R. H. Amphllett Leader in Frederiksted, Attorney Al
meric I. Christian in Chrsiansted or Attorney William w.
Bailey in st. Thomas.
Dated: March /, 1855.
WILLIAM J. JAMESON
Chairman
, 1955-03-18

AND 1T IS HEREBY FURTHER RESOLVED, That
these positions shall become effective as Of January 10, 1855,
and said appointments be effective for a period not exceed
ing one ~ year.
, 1955-03-18

The House declared a Recess until Monday, February
7, 1855, at 200 F. M.
APPROVED ON TEL IA, 1855.
WALTER /. M. HODGE
President
JORGE RODRIGUEZ
Legislative Secretary