davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-09-01
Durum Wheat
It's Uses, History and
Factors IN Grading
BY ID. j. DAVIS
Grain Laboratory
Montana STATE COLLEGE
By d. j. DAVIS
Grain Laboratory
Montana State COLLEGE

dition is more significant because of
the color required in durum products.
Badly bleached or moldy durum will
not produce desirable product either
History of Durum
1t is reported that the first durum
was imported into the United States
in 1864. Ku5anka and other varieties
from southern Russia were introduced
by NJ. A. Carleton Of the USDA. Kubaka
was distributed by the Department of
Agriculture up to about 1909 and is still
grown by few farmers in the Dakotas.
Mindum is a selection from common
wheat variety called Hedgerow. 1t was
released for distribution in 1917 and is
an acceptable variety that is widely
grown.
Stewart and Carleton were released
for distribution in 1943, and Vernum
was released in 1947. Other acceptable
varieties are Nugget and Sentry. All
these varieties are similar in appear
ance. They all have white boards and
smooth yellow chaff and are practically
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-09-01

maybe the family used in this illustra-
ton could consider adding a dairy en-
terprise rather than buying more land,
or perhaps some land development on
their present acreage would achieve
greater rewards, or possibly part-time
off-the-farm employment would be even
better.
Facts and Analysis
All of these alternatives require care
full study At the request of farm FAM
lies, county agents can help by supply
ing facts and methods of analysis.
In Fergus county farm and home
planning was done like this The Soil
Conservation Service prepared conser-
walton maps and plans. Then the Ex-
tension agents worked with the families
in considering alternatives consistent
with conservation detectives
They figured the income from seed
grass when grazed by cattle. They COM
pared this with income from growing
small grains on the same land. The
cow-calf system was compared with
selling yearlings. Differences in income
between. sheep and cattle we're con-
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-09-01

impossible TO distinguish from each
other.
Black bearded varieties, including
Peliss, Golden Ball and KahIa are not
acceptable in the durum trade, nor is
Pentad, red durum type.
A. Zerega and Sons in Brooklyn IN
1849 is reported to be the first maca-
roni professor in the United States.
Processing began in Minneapolis in 1883
and in st. Paul by the Minnesota Mac
aroni Company in 1892 Early process
Sors used hard wheat farina because
durum flour (semolina) was not avail
able before 1900
Durum Grades
Federal grade standards are estab-
lished for Glass II Durum grades. These
standards, as they apply to weight per
bushel, damaged kernels and foreign
material are similar to those of other
wheat classes A smaller allowance is
made for some of the other classes
of wheat in durum in grades No. 1 and
2. In the No. grade, only 8 per cent
white, red durum and soft red winter
is allowed singly or combined. In No.
2 only per cent of these classes singly
or combined is allowed
Durum subclasses are based on kerr
mel color and texture and reflect the
amber color and hardness of the wheat
in the subclass. Following are the sub
classes of Glass II durum:
A. Hard Amber Durum: rs per cent
or more of hard vitreous kernels of
amber mot starchy) color.
B. Amber Durum: so per cent or
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-09-01

WHEN WE TALK about durun wheat
we mean the amber type of durum in
cluded in Class III of the US. Grain
Standards. It mas an amber or yellow
ish white color and is used to produce
senolina. This is the product from
which macaroni, spaghetti, and noodles
are made.
Red durum is Glass III durun, and is
used only for livestock feed,
High quality Semolina cannot be pro-
duced from drum containing mixtures
of other classes of wheat. The domestic
market demands clear, bright, yellow
semolina, and any variety or class of
wheat that does not produce this bright
color does not receive the highest price.
The creamy color of macaroni and
spaghetti is natural color coming
from the amber color of the dururn
kernel.
A soft starchy condition may occur
in durum wheat which is similar to
yellow berry we are all familiar with
i'm hard red winter In durun this con-
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-09-01

Will it return enough above costs to
provide what the family wants?
Here's where the county agent can
help. BY drawing on the information
he has available, he can help the family
determine what the land will produce.
He can help figure out rotations, irriga-
ton developments and livestock enter
prises that fit the particular farm.
Farm women manage the household
and take part in planning the farm
business too The home demonstration
agent working with the homemaker can
offer much help on this planning.
AS the agents work along with the
farm or ranch family several alterna-
tives may be worked out. For example,
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-09-01

more but not more than rs per
cent of hard, vitreous kernels of
amber (not starchy) color.
c. Durum: Less than so per cent
hard, vitreous kernels of amber
color.
Mixed wheat is a market class con-
sisting of a mixture of classes of wheat
each in excess of 10 per cent of the
total. Occasionally three classes may
be mixed. If two of these combined
are in excess of 10 per cent it viii grade
mixed wheat also.
Seed Samples
These mixed types of durun1 are dis
counted on +he market Some of the
seed samples we analysed last spring
at the seed laboratory at Montana
State College for purity contained from
2 to 10 per cert hard red spring wheat.
Growers who plan to raise durum an
other year are urged to find seed sup
plies free of other wheat classes, other
crops and weed seeds. Seed samples
may be sent to the Grain Inspection
Laboratory at Montana State College,
Bozeman, for purity and termination
tests. Our reports on these samples will
show the percentage and number of
seeds per pound of other classes of
wheat as well as other crop seeds,
inert material and weed seeds that are
found in the sample.
Why not do this soon after harvest
before the better durum seed is spoken
for.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-09-01

DROUTH. FLOODS, BUGS, weeds.
diseases, and uncertain markets are
some of the enemies farmers and
ranchers face most of the time.
AS these problems arise they have
to be solved Some occur every year,
others only occasionally. And every SO
often along comes a new one Conditions
on farms and ranches change as do
conditions affecting farms and ranches.
So the owner or manager has to know
all about his resources, factors that af-
feet them and problems involved Then
he can work out long-term program
that will bring the highest returns year
after year
Since agriculture is so much more
complicated today than it was a few
years ago, it is next to impossible for
anyone to know all these things. Agri-
culture has developed very fast in re-
cent years. Crop and soil science, live
stock husbandry, agricultural engineer
ing and other fields have become very
broad Montana State College has spe,.
cialists in these lines OF work to help
farmers and ranchers,
Because of the numerous problems in
farming and ranching, the Extension
Service has been asked to direct more
of its work toward helping folks apply
the various fields of information. This
work will be aimed at the Individual
farm and family as unit.
Family Resources
Here is a typical request. A family
wants higher income for the follow
ing reasons: It's members want better
house, more recreation, college educa-
ton for the children and a nest egg to
take care of father and mother in their
old age. Their problem is to put the
family resources to work in a way that
will help them achieve these goals.
Perhaps they are considering buying
more land. Is the land priced right?
1O-Septenber I, 1855
Montana farmer-stockman., 1955-09-01

sidered. They helped the family work
out proper rates of grazing with sheep
or cattle to get the highest returns.
AS these problems were analysed the
farm family worked out plan of Oper-
alton that fit its conditions and were
consistent with the family goals.
Here is another example for Fergus
county A rancher was planning to en-
large his ranch business by building
an irrigation dam. The county agents
and the SCS specialists worked with the
rancher in planning this project.
Decision Is Up to Family
The Sos engineers surveyed the dam
site and irrigation system. Soil men
checked the soil for irrigation poten-
tiaI. Cost estimates were made. The
agents helped the rancher work out
a land use plan and estimated probable
income from the irrigation project.
After doing the initial planning, this
rancher decided to proceed with the
development.
The same type of assistance is be-
ing offered to other farmers and ranch
ers. Some times the initial planning
indicates too little income will be
realized from the project to justify the
expense. In each case the decision OBJ
viously rests with the family.
The Montana Extension Service has
gained valuable experience in providing
information to assist farm and ranch
families in making their farm and home
development plans This experience
shows that in most cases farm and
ranch families want information that
will answer five questions. They are:
l. How can we get the greatest long
term return from our land?
2. How can we get the highest return
from our family labor?
g. How can our products be most
marketed?
A. Where is the best source of credit
and how can we use cash and credit
to the best advantage?
5. How can we improve the overall
plan for operating our farm and home?
Would you like help in answering
these questions about your place? The
new approach to farm and home de-
velopment may provide you with
basis for improving the management
If your unit.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-28
A GOOD RACQUET

an officer aboard one of the visiting
battleships, challenged the squadron to
match. The Admiral didn't know a tennis
racket from butterfly net. but during
the match even he couldn't fail to note
the ridiculous ease with which Johnston
disposed Of the local champion, so, 90.
Riding back in the tender, the Admiral
turned TO an aide and remarked, Ensign
Johnston plays tennis rather well. doesn't
he? Has anybody ever suggested that he
take up the game seriously?''
II rather think they must have, SIR
answered the aide seriously. Hes the
singles champion Of the United Statesy'
AFTER TEE WAR. Billy Johnston found
his path to fresh titles blocked by William
Tilden, probably the greatest Of them ALL
In 1920. and again in 1922. 1928. 1924
and 1925. Johnston reached the finals
only to go down to defeat - always after
a gallant stand - before the superior
finesse and stamina Of Tiiden. The crowd
always was solidly with Johnston some
times too vociferously. Tilden's resultant
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-28

come out to see how they do it.
The present singles champ. E. Victor
Seixas. Jr.. is accorded only an outside
chance TO repeat. Whether he does or not,
the London Observer" offers valuable
tip as to how TO pronounce his name:
The dashing young champion, Seixas,
Is nothing il nor e6iceixas.
He delivers his ace
Win incredible pace,
While The resi- Of US nlVnnT, Good
greiras'"
TODAY virtually everybody plays tennis.
In prep school for less than 400 students
that visited recently, counted "a excel
lent courts. Yet as late as the turn of the
century, tennis was considered a sissy
game. You didn't wallop tennis ball:
you ''stroked" it. Dudes at court-side
sported white ducks, blazers and
''boaters."
One club member appeared after an
early tournament at Southampton with
his neck heavily bandaged. Nearly sawed
off my head he explained Last time
you'll ever catch me wearing high stiff
collar while refereeing tennis match!'
The court champion who first became
an idol of the general public was Maurice
Mclaughlin, 1.-The California Comet"
who came storming out of the West in
1912 to carry all before him with smash
ing serve, the like of which never had been
seen before. Today even the better girl
players put more hop on their service
than the champions Of the pre- McLOugh-
lin era.
m 1915, a new popular favorite appeared
in the, person of Billy Johnston, who
demonstrated that a little fellow could
excel at tennis, too. World War put
a temporary halt 10 Johnston's athletic
triumphs. He became an ensign in the
Navy, assigned to squadron ordered to
put in at Key West.
The Key West naval base boosted a
first-rate tennis team that season, and
blissfully unaware that Billy Johnston was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-28
THE TOURNAMENT

Il that will decide the
us. Tennis Champion
ships is coming up. and
though in tennis, unlike
golf, the seeded players
almost always win, the
crowds. as usual. will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-28

tantrums only spurred the galleries to
fresh outbursts.
THE LAST STRAW. Tennis is too stren-
uous game for lazy man or one
acquiring that middIe-age spread. lmpre-
sario Billy Rose was waiting to play dou-
bles one day when he read in magazine
that aging tennis players invite heart
attack every time they gallop across court.
He put his racket back In the press and
never has played since. ''I'm pushing
fifty-five," he decided, ''and that's an
the exercise need" - BENNETT CERT
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-28
Just picture him in wonderful, new...

For boys Of al ooss-
. SPORT SHIRTS
. SHIRTS
TIES
. HANDkERcHIEFS
. UNDERWEAR
. STACKS
. WALK SHORTS
. SWIM WEAR
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-28

Tai. Wee. Masssiae 4usa.. "a. 1855
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1955-10-12
Ambridge Church Tams
Shaping January Show

Ambridge, Pa. - The reg
ular monthly meeting of the
parents and committee of the
Holy Trinity Tamburitzans
was held Tuesday, October
4, in the Holy Trinity r. c.
Church Hall.
The main topic of discus
sion was the Forthcoming
concert of the tamburitzan
group, which is to take place
in January.
A committee, to t a k e
charge of the concert, was
formulated and includes the
following: - Frank Yurko-
vac, Chairman; Josephine
Maletic, Co-Chairman; Louis
Vukovcan, William Vukov-
can, Nicholas Savich, Andrea
Marks and John Buk, Adver-
tising.
Additions to the costumes
Wer2 also discussed.
Walter kolar, director of
the group, was present at the
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1955-10-12
Youngstown Auxiliary
To STAGE Indoor Fete

Youngstown, Ohio - The
Croatian Home Ladies Auxi-
liary will hold their first in
door picnic at the Croatian
Home, Sunday, October 16,
1855. The festivities will get
under way at 1900 Noon
and continue until???
The menu of the day will
consist of the traditional hot
barbecued lamb, deliciously
prepared by brother Luka BIZ
landzija, and numerous other
solid and liquid refreshments.
Musical entertainment will
be provided by none other
than the Pozega Brothers
Tamburitzans, with Gus Ro-
gan doing the vocals.
The members of the Aux
iliary extend a most cordial
welcome to tn cir many
friends of the Youngstown
area, and guarantee all those
who plan to attend an enjoy
able evening of dining, dane
ing and entertainment.
Rose MikOvich, Pres.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1955-10-12
Lodge 1b7 Sports Club
viii Stage Fall Frolic

st. Louis, Mo. - The men,
bers of st. Jacob Sports Club,
of CFU Lodge 167 will spon-
sor their annual fall dance
Sunday, November 13, 1855,
beginning at 800 PM, at the
st. Joseph Croatian Hall,
18th and Russell Blvd.
Providing the music for
your dancing pleasure will be
the popular Polka Toppers
Orchestra.
During the evening we will
present the trophies which
the st. Louis men and women
bowlers won at the c. F. U.
Bowling Tournament, which
was held in Chicago, this past
May.
Members and friends Of the
Sports Club and Lodge 167
are cordially invited to join
us, for an evening of fun and
entertainment.
Nicholas Jercinovic, Rec
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1955-10-12
Detroit TIT Members
To SUP Before Meeting

Detroit, Mich. - The time
has come again for the mem
bers of "Onyx" CFU Lodge
TIT to enjoy another fall So
cial. This social will consist
of a supper for members and
their families, so give the lit
tie woman a night off and
bring her to the Croatian Ca
tholic Center, 201 w. Seven
Mile Road, at 900 PM on
Thursday, October IS, 1855.
When we have all had our
share of food and drink,
President Babich will call our
regular monthly meeting to
order. Neva Ruzich, Rec,
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1955-10-12
Euclid Lodge 337 In
Concert And Dance

Euclid, Ohio - "Jutarnja
Fora" CF'U Lodge 337 will
sponsor a concert and dance
at the Slovenian National
Home, 6409 st. Clair Avenue,
on Sunday, October 16, 1855,
beginning at 800 PM.
All talent on the program
will be made up of our local
residents, and will include vo-
cal, dance and instrumental
selections.
Dancing to the music of the
Blue Danube Tamburitzans
of Cleveland and the Slavonic
Strings of Euclid will begin
at 800 PM and continue???
Everyone is welcome to at
tend both concert and dance.
Anna Perovich, Sec'y.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1955-10-12
Lib Lodge Membership
Awaits PhilIie Report

Pittsburgh, Pa. - We hope
the members of Liberty
Lodge No. 234 will remember
to come to the monthly meet
ing on Friday evening, Octo-
ber IA. This meeting will be
held in the downstairs meet
ing room of the Bratska Slo-
ga, 146-44th Street, and will
begin promptly at $3.50 PM.
The delegate to the 9th
Convention, Frank Becer, will
give his report concerning
convention activities at this
meeting. We know some of
our members will be interest
ed in knowing what changes
have been made in the by
laws, and how these changes
will affect them; therefore,
it is important that our men,
! bers attend this meeting and
get the proper information.
Those members who have
let their dues lapse may bring
them up to date at this meet
ing. AS you know, regulations
do not permit a member to be
in arrears longer than three
months or a total indebted
ness of $1,000. We hope this
serves as a reminder to our
members who are in arrears,
that prompt payment should
be made at this meeting or
else membership will be sus-
pended.
Lodge officers will be pre-
sent at 1880 PM to collect
dues and fulfill any other
pertinent lodge duties.
There are several other
important topics to be dis
cussed on Friday evening,
October IA, at $3.50 PM, so we
are urging all of our men,
bers to be present.
Frank H. Becer, Jr., Sec'y.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1955-10-12
Lodqe 391 viii Hear
Resume Of Convention

West Allis, Wis. - Mem
bers of CFU Lodge 391 are
urged to attend the forth
coming regular m e ct n g,
which is scheduled for Thurs
day, October 13, 1855, at the
Kralj Hall, COOL w. Madison
Street.
At this session, you will
have the opportunity of hear
ing the lodges quarterly re-
port and the report of our
Delegate who attended the
CFU 9th Quadrennial Con-
vention, in Philadelphia.
All members whose dues
are in arrears are asked to
take care of this matter at
the next meeting.
Mary Homes, Sec'y
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1955-10-12
Cokeburg Kolo Groups
Stymied By Rebuilding

Cokeburg, Pa. - All active
and honorary members Of the
"St. George" CFU Lodge
354 Kolo Group are urged to
attend the next regular
monthly meeting on Sunday,
October 16, at 200 PM. Now
that the picnic season is over,
our monthly meetings will
continue on the 3rd Sunday
schedule.
Beginning with the third
week in September, practice
sessions were discontinued
until further notice. This step
was necessary due to the fact
that our Croatian Home is
undergoing a remodelling job.
When conditions get back
to normal, practice sessions
will again be held on Thurs
day evenings at $50 PM for
the Junior Group and 8 PM
for the Senior Dancers.
Any interested persons
wishing to join may do so by
attending either of these two
classes. The only restriction
is that you must be a member
of the C.F.U.
| We would like to take this
opportunity to mention that
one of our senior dancers, Jo-
seph Ladisic, is now serving
with the u. S. Army. Joey
may be remembered as the
young man who won the title
of "Kolo King of 1854" in the
Oakland District of Pitts
burgh last fall.
On behalf of the officers
and members of the kolc
group, we wish him the best
of luck and success in his new
venture.
Bernard Luketich, Pres
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1955-10-12
Pathfinders To
Mark 25fh Year

West Allis, Wise. - The
C.F.U. "Pathfinders" Lodge
731 will hold their 25th An
niversary affair on Saturday,
October 18th, at Kralj's Hall,
located at Goth Street at
West Madison Avenue in
West Allis.
This event marking a quar-
ter century milestone of ex-
istence will be a supper dance
beginning with a supper
served at 600 PM. sharp for
the very nominal charge of
one dollar and fifty cents per
person which sum includes
dancing to Al Rodig's Orches-
ira Immediately after the
supper.
If unable to attend the an
niversary supper, admission
to the dance alone may be
gained for only the outlay OF
fifty cents. We urgently in.
vite all lodges in Milwaukee
County, Racine, Kenosha anc
our across the state-line
friends in Waukegan anC
North Chicago to attend.
John Sarich, Pres
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1955-10-12
'McKeesport Plans
Fete

Mckeesport, Pa. - CF.U.
Lodge 25 "Hrvatski SokoP
wishes to announce to it's
members and all lodges Of
McKeesport and vicinity that
it will celebrate the 60th An
niversary of it's founding on
Sunday, October %, in the
Croatian School Hall, Shaw
Avenue.
featured on our concert
for the day, will be the pop
ular McKeesport Junior Tam
buritzans.
We would like to ask all
lodges, who received invita-
tions, to reply at once, so
that we may complete our
program.
A. j. Tomac, Rec. Sec'y.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1955-10-12
Des Moines Delegate
Will Report Oct. 18th

Des Moines, Iowa - wild
Rose" CFU Lodge 872 will
hold it's next regular month
ly meeting Sunday, October
16, 1855, at St. Peters Hall,
at 200 Pm.
All members are asked to
attend, for a report will be
given by our Delegate who
attended the CFU 9th Quad
rennial Convention in Phila.
John Stanfel, Pres.