davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-12

Man now has penetrated a
billion light years-the dis
lance covered by light moving
at 10000 miles a second in
/ billion years-into outer
space.
The distance is roughly 5000
900, 000, 900, 900. 100000 miles.
This represents the present
frontier of creation for astron-
omers. 1t is somewhat more
than twice as far as the last
announced distance.
At the distance. according
to the report of DR.. Ira S.
Bowen, director Of Mount
Palomar Observatory, to trus-
tees of the Carnegie Institu-
ton Of Washington, the re-
hottest cluster of star systems
is flying outward at a speed Of
$4,000 miles a second, a third
that of light itself. There can
be no speed greater than that
of light, unless all relativistic
theories are wrong.
At such a vast distance any
object would be invisible to
the eye aided with the most
powerful telescope. but can be
recorded on Photographic
plates with long exposure.
Such a photograph. however.
would not reveal the number Of
galaxieS making up the cluster.
Systematic Survey
The Mount Palomar astron-
omers are engaged in a sys-
tematic survey of the galaxies
and clusters within telescope
reach in a major effort to map
space. The findings thus far.
reported by DR.. Bowen, are
that celestial objects appear to
be about evenly distributed in
every direction. using the earth
as an observing platform. In
no direction have they found
any extraordinary concentra-
ton of matter.
In the course Of this survey
DR.. Fritz Zwicky of the Car
negie staff has been able to
date to count more than four
million galaxies and clusters
Of galaxies. The hundred
billion star Milky Way galaxy
probably is close to the aver
age, just as the sun is close
to an average star. The objects
counted by DR.. Zwicky include
more than 1000 great clusters
of galaxies.
An objective Of major in
terest Is the structure Of both
galaxies and galactic clusters.
The easiest to study intensively
is Messier 81, seen in the d.
rection Of the constellation of
Andromeda, the chained
woman" in the northern heav-
ems. This was the first of the
outer systems discovered by
Mount Wilson Observatory
astronomers about 30 years
ago. is roughly a million light
years from the earth, and ap-
pears to be very similar in
every way to the Milky Way
galaxy. Thus an observer is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-12
Pace That Kills

We don't seem to realize we
kill md MAIN more people in
a year in traffic accidents than
we lost in the whole Korean
war; and since the advent OF
the automobile We have sacrl-
feed more lives than in all OF
our wars put together.
Is it not about time for us to
take a sensible and responsible
view of these rising fatalities?
OF course. with physical and
mechanical failures we can not
expect absolute safety. Then
what can We do?
There are some very positive
actions we can take: Pass
laws requiring those who wish
to drive to take a driving
course in a Government driv-
ing school and not be licensed
until they pass a rigid test in
contested traffic. Take away
licenses from drunken drivers
ana give sitter penalties to
those who cross the solid white
line, pass on curves and at hill
tops.
The main cause of accidents
is the overpowered automobile.
For several years now the &C
cent has been put on power.
Manufacturers place their ad-
vertising emphasis on Jack
rabbit" getaways and fast
passing on the road. AS any
experienced driver can tell you.
the quick application OF all
this power can only mean
whirling tires or a skidding
car, both costly and danger
Gus. AS for quick passing, this
only tempts the needless driver
to pass at flying speed without
regard for speed laws or safety.
All this power is not only
senseless but makes for higher
and higher operating costs.
Why do not The Star and
other papers band together to
halt this craze for power? Get
the manufacturers to stop this
really criminal trend. One
quarter of the 255 horsepower
advertised in some autos would
be sufficient to drive any sensi-
bly, made automobile: then cut
the weight by third or more
and place the accent on max
ing a safe car, one using much
less gasoline and more econom-
ical to drive and operate.
We own a l949 model with
IS horsepower. very satisfac-
tory and sufficient for all driv-
ing conditions. If and when
we ever need another one we
will look first at one of those
lighter and more economical
foreign cars whose manufac-
turers have not, as yet, gone
power crazy.
r. Bentley Thomas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-12
UnsheItered

Stepping from nightly shadows
on small feet,
Shadows themselves against
the groWtng lake
OF pale mauUe dapn, heads
poised in balanced grace.
The deer move softly oUer the
bldnched space
Once golden Nth ripe sun
enchanted tUhedt,
Pdusing a moment Uonderingly
to shake
Their dainty pointed ears at
pl1tntiUe bledt
From folded creatures shell
tered for their north.
Then toss their dntlers, free
by right OF birth.
Corinne Shermon
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-12

A pleasant occupation for
a December afternoon is to
look over the lists Of Christ
mas books about cats.
These worthy animals al
ways occupy a place on
Christmas cards, Of course.
This season 1t is the white
cat, now making q comeback.
that Is the favorite on wrap
ping paper for gifts Of all
kinds.
There are not as many cat
books this Christmas as last,
but the ones there are must be
pretty good to make the grade.
These are all children's
books.
Cat Hotel" by Siddie Joe
johnson, published by Long
mans, Green, is one Of the
offerings.
Wonder Tales Of Dogs and
Cats" by Frances Carpenter.
published by Doubleday Junior
books, permits the cats old
enemy. the faithful dog. to
share a volume between them.
There Is q Fripsey book this
season that has four cats in
it-"Fripsey Fun" by Maybe
Lee Chastain. published by
Harcourt, Brace. The Fripsey
family consists of II people,
three dogs and four cats.
Belle Coates gives us Barn
Cat" published by Charles
Scribner's Sons. Here we have
a cat of character that lives
in a barn and sleeps on the
back of his favorite COW. What
fun, If you are a cat. or like to
read about them.
X
1.-THE Lovely Time" by Aud
rey Chalmers. is published by
Viking Junior books.
In this one, a mother cat
called Nav has a son called
Sonny: both Of them are stub
born, and so are real cats.
Margot Austin writes Brave
John Henry" published by
Dutton. 1t is a story OF a
small boy and his friends, a
dog, and a large cat.
It seems somehow that all
the cats are in the barns, this
season. for Frances and Rich
ard Lockridge present The
Cat Who Rode Cows" pub
lished by Lippincott.
This one is about SiameSe
cat. (Siamese cats have not
yet caught up with history.
They still call themselves
Siamese, whereas their coun-
try is now known as Thailand)
Mrs. Perrywinkle's Pets"
by Jane Thayer. published by
William Morrow, has to do
with one dog and two cats.
Poor Mrs. Perrywinkle!" says
the publisher. Her pets ate
her dinner. slept in her bed,
romped in her roses, till some
thing had to be done about it."
Those who like cats-and
dogs-will understand this.
n II X X
Lions in the Woodshed," by
Margaret j. Baker. published
by Whittlesey House. involves
five children. three magic
wishes, and some lions, which
are, after all. just large cats.
Another story with a COM
mon situation is This Cat
Came to Stay" by Elizabeth
Kinsey. published by Franklin
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-12
Blasts Bureoucrots

I have been in the Federal
Government for Is years and
have been appalled, by the
propensity Of bureaucrats for
emulating the amoeba and
multiplying themselves by ifs
sion periodically, while the
American. British. French, etc.,
taxpayers pay more and more
for less and less service.
Bureaucrats are barnacles on
the ship of state. and I am
afraid that ultimately so many
may attach themselves to its
keel as to cause it to founder.
Bureaucrats have no con-
science, no loyalty and no
principles. They are motivated
completely by the drive for
survival. entrenching them
selves behind as many other
bureaucrats as possible, and
crushing the life out of those
conscientious Government en-
ployes who are trying to serve
the taxpayers and carry out the
mandates of Congress. And
there are many such employees.
AS the Hoover Commission
said: THE big problem facing
the Government is how to get
bureaucrats to do those things
that everyone agrees should be
done"
Our only consolation Is that
the Russian bureaucratS are
more virulent and fissionizing
than either those in Britain or
the United States, and there
fore will founder their Levia-
than more certainly, we hope,
Also we and the British are
better off, because one simple
act Of Congress. such as limit
ing agencies to the same top
personnel-GS-l2s to super
grades-that they had at peak
public service would at least
hold down the growth until
more service Is rendered.
Antibureaucrat.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-12

the Federal Government leave
more Of the tax dollar for sup
port of schools on local level
and make up the resulting
deficit by levying a tax on
the now tax-free foundations
which have gone far afield
of their avowed purposes and
are spending millions on prop
uganda, politics and nonsense.
Gladys G.. Muse.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-12
Opinion

The reporting of the article
Montgomery Farmers Warn
on Mixed Schools" appearing
in The Star of December 3
leaves me somewhat speeches..
I beg to differ with the fol-
lowing statement:
Sentiment at the meeting
last night was nearly evenly
divided, :"
In my opinion, the sentiment
and feeling at the meeting
was overwhelmingly against
employing Negro teachers to
instruct our white children.
John r.. KeeneF.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-12
School Tax

Many newspapers and pc
riodicals, as well as television
and radio programs. are high
lighting the difficulties Of local
communities adequately sup
porting their schools as has
always been the American Gus
tom. The reason given is that
the Federal Government takes
such a big part Of the tax
dollar that the local commu-
mites are left destitute.
would like to suggest that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-12
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used "
letters carry Drtters correct
names and addresses All
letters are subject to conden-
Sdtion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-12

Immediately the taxes levied
against those blic-spirited
citizen-dealers who lend the
training cars.
Margaret Fraleigh.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-12-12
Questions and Answers
BY THE HASKN SERVICE

reader can get an answer by mail
TO anv factual question by writing The
Evening Star Information Bureau,
1900 Eve ST NV Washington s,
d c Please inc1ose q cents for
return postage
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-31
MIGRATION
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
construction era. This time. it's
good.
New England is fighting for
its life; some of the tough YAM
kee strain, which never gives up,
still processes to see hope for the
textile industry there. But the
battle is most unequal. Just how
unequal, a few statistics will
show.
80 Pct. in South
The South now claims 80 per
cent of the Nations cloth-mak-
ing business. There are about
100000 textile workers in Dixie
all of them white-as against
the 10000 jobs in cotton-syn-
thetics and woolen-worsted left
in New England.
The shift has been accelerated
since World War II and has al
most exactly reversed the situa-
ZION which obtained IN the World
War I era.
More than $50 New England
mills have called it quits or made
a start elsewhere during the last
20 years. In the past nine years,
liquidations have wiped out 236
plants with nearly $4,000
workers. 1t is not possible to say
how many of these mills actually
moved south. The migration does
not work that way. A factory
closes in the North. Sometime
later-or perhaps earlier the
company operating it opens a
new plant or several plants south
Of the Mason Dixon line.
The business has gone, and
with it the Jobs. But the people
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-31

Daniel concern turn out are
show places. Always the utili.
tartan side Is stressed.
One-Level Buildings
Most of these buildings for ex-
ample. are Of ground-level de-
sign. with great production adj
vantages over the traditional
multi-storied factory. In textiles.
they are set up for an integrated
operation that may CARRY a bale
Of cotton right through to the
point where it emerges from the
mechanical maze as q finished
sheet.
All Of which only adds to the
migratory SNOWFALL. The tired old
New England mills lack that sort
of efficiency. And dwindling re-
ceipts have kept their owners
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-31
-AP Photo.

who manned the northern plant
do not move to the new opera
ton. A few key workers may be
transplanted. but the rest stay
behind jobless.
New England's exact unem-
ployment figures are hard to
come by-a clue to the size of the
problem may lie in the fact that
1887 people are now drawing
unemployment benefits in the
six-State area. There is no tell
ing how many may have used UP
their benefit privileges and failed
to find new work. On the other
side of the coin. Labor Depart
ment employment figures are
significant. From 1889 to 1858.
New Islgland showed a gain of
37.4 per cent in non-agricultural
employment. as against the ma
tional average of SO per cent. In
comparison, no State in the
Southeast was less than the ma
tional average. This ratio still
holds good.
Unjustified Optimism?
New Englanders like to tell
themselves things will pick. up
shortly; that the textile migra-
ton is about over. They will
draw little comfort in this con-
nection from a recent check
which showed that 81 textile
firms from the North were con-
Quoting simultaneous scouting
operations-in the Greenville
IS. c. area alone.
In any economic development
of this sort, there is an inevitable
snow-balling effect. In the wake
of the textile shift, manufac-
turers of textile machinery and
tho Y,rodIloere IF ohay,,ioo1 mo
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-31

terials that are woven into
synthetics are heading south
ward to get nearer their market.
And. having observed the
happy experience of these pio-
neers, other industries. totally
unrelated to textiles, these days.
are taking their cue from the
cloth-makers and looking toward
the South.
Why? What is the explanation
of this phenomenon?
AS already indicated. union
labor must take a large share
of the responsibility for indus
try's flight from New England
to Dixie. What labor did to the
New England mills-and what
the burgeoning of the industrial
South is doing to the cause Of
unioniSm-will be examined in
detail in later articles of this
series.
Labor Not Only Factor
But the labor problem is not
the only factor behind the great
migration. Besides offering an
abundance of non-union labor at
non-union wages. the South is
fighting aggressively to attract
new industry-and the effort is
paying off.
Free plant sites and relief from
taxation are big weapons in the
Southern arsenal. Cities are is
suing bonds-borrowing money
to buy attractive factory loca-
lions for prospective customers.
State governments see to it that
the newcomers get a break from
the tax collector. The theory is
that increased payrolls are bet
ter revenue producers than are
taxes.
Greenville. mentioned above,
calls itself the textile center of the
country. But this South Carolina
city is not above capitalizing on
the current trend. It is busy pro-
noting its Golden Strip" a large
area of undeveloped land which
is envisioned as the eventual site
of huge development of DIVERSE
fled plants furnishing employ
ment for thousands.
1t already has attracted one
important and perhaps surpris-
ing customer: The w. R. Grace
company. This old-eStablished
shipping firm is branching out
into plastics-and setting up a
multi-million dollar operation in
food-packaging.
South Cardinals efforts to at
tract new industry are typical Of
of the South, though few if any
can match this State for agrees
siveness. The State frees immi-
grant business from all but the
school millage tax for the first
five years.
States Prime Mover
A big cog in the South Carolina
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. program
is Charles E. Daniel. Of Green
vile, head of the construction
company which bears his name,
and an associate of the former
Gov. James F. Byrnes. Mr.. Daniel
was Gov. Byrnes' interim ap-
pointee to the Senate last year
after the death of Senator May
bank. But he is a businessman
rather than a politician. Even in
adjoining North Carolina. which
might be pardoned a bit of jeal-
ousy, he is rated as the principal
driving force behind the build-up
in the Piedmont.
A visitor is told that Mr.. Daniel
not only does the spade work to
pave the way for attracting in
dustry, but promises to have
modern plant ready for occu-
pancy by the newcomer in six
months, at minimum cost.
Some of the structures the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-31
incomes of Britons Rise

LONDON, Mar. 81 (P).-Per-
sonal incomes Of Britons rose 6
per cent last year. The total
increase was from 1880. 000. 900
pounds (s3S.024 900, 0oo) to. IA,
40s, 100000 pounds ($40,342.-
10000. according to a govern
ment white paper.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-31

from doing the plant modern
izing that is needed so badly.
They have spent about $185
million for this purpose since
World War II. It has not been
nearly enough.
Tomorrow - What ldbor'S
demands hGUe done to NeW
EHoldnd's industry.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-31

Fine pinwale corduroy, patch peck
cts, 2 button, single breasted Rayon
satin half lined Brown, green or blue.
Sizes S, M, L, XII.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1955-07-01

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The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1955-09-01

at 7:3O p. m. at the Cory-Rawson
field.
Offensive and defensive drills re-
ceived most of the attention this week
as the mentors put the squad through
a series Of plays in preparation for
the preview next week.
Coach Schmidt took an optimistic
view of the team this week and
pointed out that the line and the
backfield was two deep in each posi-
ton. He added that there We're three
players at some spots although some
of the boys were inexperienced in
the game of football.
Barring injuries the Pirates should
improve on their seasons record of
4 wins and 5 losses compiled last
year. The team should also improve
their fourth place standing in the
Northwest Conference.
New men reporting to practice this
week were Ronald Geiser, Ronald
Hahn and James BURY.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1955-09-01
Two New Coaches
To Show Wares In
Northwest Loop
Rosendale Takes Over Reins
At Grove, HOudeshell Is
New At Lafayette

Bluffton high schools Pirates will
not have too long a wait to see the
two new grid coaches of their North
west Conference in action They will
view one of them next Friday in the
preview at McComb and battle the
other in their seasons opener the
following week at Lafayette.
Mirl Rosendale who has taken over
the head coaching reins from Collins
Stackhouse at Columbus Grove will
show his 1856 Bulldogs for the first
time in the eight-team showing at
the McComb high school field next
week.
Rosendale, an assistant to Stack
house the past several campaigns,
will not be new to the style of play
in the league. He took over the post
as head coach when Stacknouse was
named acting superintendent at the
school. Last season the Bulldogs
posted 7-2 record and finished Sc
cond to Forest in the NWC.
In the lid litter at Lafayette
September 16, the Pirates will get a
first hand look at the other new
mentor in the loop. He is Jim Houde-
shell, assistant at Findlay high
school last season, who fills the spot
vacated by Kent Darr. Darr moved
to Celina as head basketball coach.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1955-09-01
LEGAL NOTICE

Theodore George Wesley and F1orine Wes-
ley. whose last known place Of residence is
1881 Greenfield. Apartment No. Is, Detroit
2S, Michigan, will take nOtice that on the
and Blanche Icenogle filed their petition
against them in the Court of Common Pleas
of Allen County, Ohio, the same being case
number 43043, praying for the foreclosure of
a certain mortgage in the original sum of
$9,500.0O given BY said defendants to plain
tiffs on certain real estate in said petition de-
scribed towit 4 situate in the Township of
Part of the Northwest Quarter of the
Northwest Quarter of Section Number
Twenty-Five (22), Township Two (2)
South. Range Eight (S) East, Richland
Township, Allen County, Ohio. more par
ticularly bounded and described as fol-
lows Commencing at the point of inter.
section of the North right-of-way line of
the L. E. g. w. Railroad, and the East
line qf the Dixie Highway also known as
Route 25; thence in a northeasterly d-
rection along the North right-of-way line
of the L. E. e w. Railroad. twelve hum
dred and sixty-fve Q265) feet to point
thence North. fifty (50) feet. more or less,
to the South right-of-way line of the Dixie
Highway: thence in a westerly direction
following the curve of the Dixie Highway,
thirteen hundred forty-fve (1345) feet to
the place of beginning. containing five
(5) acres of land, more less.
The prayer of said petition is for the fore
closure and sale of said real estate and fOi
other equitable relief. Said defendants are re
the 22nd day of October, 1855, or judgment
will be taken against them.
ROBERT F. 1CENOGLE
BLANCHE ICENOGLE
BY Light and Siferd, their attorneys
Sept. l, 8, Is. 22, 2s. Oct.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1955-09-01
Four From BlufftOn
Named On Jury Lists

The names of four Bluffton people
were drawn for the grand and petit
jury lists announced this week for the
September term of the Allen County
Common Pleas Court.
On the list from which the 15-mem-
Der grand jury will be drawn is Mrs.
Bernice Carder. Named on the list
from which the petit jury will be
drawn was Howard Stager, Edward
Waltermire and Carl M. Lehman.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1955-09-01

squad members who worked in the
sweltering heat as temperatures how
cred in the COS throughout the first
of the week.
The stock of the Pirate gridders
went up this week with the announce
ment of the return to the squad of
Jack Fields, last years rampaging
fullback, who was one of the lead
ing scorers in the area.
The return of Fields to the fold
solves a lot of problems for the
coaches both on offense and defense.
One of the best two-way players on
the team, Fields should give the
Pirates the needed punch in the back