davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-05-19

For two and a half years two
steadfast men-President Eli
senhower and Secretary of
State Dulles-have followed a
policy and program they be-
lieved would make war less
certain and peace a better
prospect. It has been tough
going. But over the last week
end the Secretary of State
brought home the bacon-a
large slice, any way you look
at it. Finally, the way was
cleared for a united Western
Europe, with the German re-
public integrated. 1t becomes
a member of NATO and is able
to rearm The Austrian treaty
Of peace was signed, making
that country an independent
nation again after II years. A
neutral nation - but neutral
along the lines of a neutral
Switzerland. It can rearm for
its own defense.
At the Summit
The President and his Sec
retary of State. with these sue
cesses in sight, recently agreed
to engage in a four power con-
ference at the summit"-the
heads Of governments taking
part - which would involve
the United States, Britain,
France and Soviet Russia. The
purpose: To explore the world
situation. Immediatly there
arose a clatter-such a con-
ference, it was shouted, would
mean appeasement of the Com
muniStS; it could result only
in loss by the United States
and the other nations Of the
free world. It came princi-
pally from Republican throats.
Eisenhower and Dulles, it was
implied, if not actually pre-
dicted, would sell us down the
river. The answer is simple
and easy to make-Eisenhower
and Dulles have never ZAP
peased" the Reds in any item.
Why, therefore. should they
appease them now-particu-
larly when the situation Of the
free world has vastly improved?
While President Eisenhower
has had strong and able sup
port of the Democratic chair
man of the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee, Senator
George Of Georgia, and other
Democrats, in and out Of Con-
gress, in his conduct of foreign
policy. there have been plenty
Of Democrats to charge, not
that the President and the
Secretary Of State were en-
gagged in "appeasement," but
that they were insulting our
close friends abroad. and
Evening star., 1955-05-19
COMPROMISE Court Plan

Some compromise of conflicting views
on the Family Court proposal is inevitable
If legislation to create such q tribunal
is to pass at this session of Congress. Ten
tative agreement already has been
reached, in fact, on plan to transfer
domestic relations cases from the District
Court to the Municipal Court. This Is a
departure from the original idea of a sep
arate court to handle this difficult litiga-
ton. But whatever form the final COM
promise assumes, care should be taken to
see that more adequate attention to family
cases Is assured than has been possible
under the present three-month rotation
system for District Court judges.
One of the persuasive arguments made
by Chief Judge Laws and his fellow judges
In behalf of a new Family Court was the
need for more careful consideration Of
divorce and other family cases in this iu-
risdiction. He stressed the inability of Dis
trict Court judges to give proper time and
study to such cases during the Short-term
periods of duty prevailing in the Federal
tribunal. The domestic relations proceed
ings require familiarity with this type OF
litigation and sympathetic understand
Ing of human relations Other iurisdic-
tions have found that these requirements
can best be met by establishing special
tribunals.
Chief Judge Laws, leader in the move
ment for Family Court, told Congress he
would not object to inclusion Of such
court in the Municipal Court-provided
the basic principles underlying creation
of special courts were preserved. Chief
Judge Walsh of the Municipal Court IA
vored the transfer to his court, also pro-
vided objectives sought by the separate
court proposal were adhered to. There is
serious doubt that bill being worked up
by the Senate District Judiciary subcom-
mittee would attain those objectiveS. For
example, it would retain the rotation sys-
tenn for Municipal Court judges assigned
to family cases. But there is no point in
shifting jurisdiction from the District
Court to the Municipal Court unless ade-
quate handling of domestic relations cases
Is assured. The Harris bill, introduced in
the House by the chairman OF the House
District Judiciary subcommittee, on the
other hand, provides for the special ham
ding such cases deserve. It Is a much bet
ter measure than that approved by the
Senate subcommittee.
Evening star., 1955-05-19
THE POLITICAL MILL
Dulles Brings Home the Bacon
By GOULD LINCOLN

bringing about hatred for
America and loss Of prestige
abroad. These charges were
made no longer ago than April
16-when Democrats gathered
here from all parts OF the
country to honor Speaker Sam
Rayburn. But what is the real
truth? Our allies are closer
than ever before, first, because
they see the results Of our pro-
gram. and second, because
they understand our aims
better-and the principal aim
is peace. Further. the prestige
of the United States abroad.
instead Of being diminished,
has mounted.
Appeasement Out
President Eisenhower, when
questioned at his most recent
press conference, fatty rejected
any idea of appeasement of the
Communists as a possible re-
suit of the coming four power
conference. Rightly or wrongly
the President and his Secretary
Of State have come to the con-
clusion that out of a confer
ence of heads of government,
including the President him.
self, some good may come.
Fulfilling his promise to go
anywhere. any time, to help
the cause of international
peace, the President has Joined
In the invitation to the Rus
sian Communists for a con-
ference-an invitation which
has now been accepted. He
has warned the American
people. however, against too
sanguine hopes. No Com
munist wool has been pulled
over the Presidents eyes. He
understands today-just as he
did yesterday and the day be-
fore-that the goal of the
Communists is world domina-
tion. Nevertheless, he is will
ing now to sit down with the
Soviet Russians to review the
world situation, on the chance
that the latter are willing to
take another look before they
force hot war upon the world.
Mr.. Dulles has been the butt
Of partisan Jokes as the great
est traveller since the Sphinx
sat itself down In the Libyan
Desert. He has been the great
est traveller. He has shuttled
back and forth across the At
lantic and the Pacific Oceans.
In one week he few twice
across the Atlantic. He has
been indefatigable. The laugh.
however, is his. For he has
succeeded far beyond the i'm
agination Of his detractorS.
Evening star., 1955-05-19
One H-Bomb Dud

It is just as well perhaps that this
years British election campaign Is short
one. Starting officially when Parliament
adjourned on Friday, May 6, it will end
next Thursday May 26. Thus far, at least,
the campaign has been marked by rela-
lively little constructive debate and by
series Of polls and straw votes that tend
to indicate relatively easy and convincing
Conservative victory. Perhaps the most
reliable of these indicators has been the
Borough Council elections of last week end
in which the Conservatives registered
striking gains.
BY all odds the most spectacular cam
paigner has been Aneurin Bevan, the
Welsh rebel who was restored to good
standing in the Labor Party just in time
to go on the hustings Mr.. Bevan has
labeled his opponents as Swine, morons,
Fascists and damn robots" in addition
to taking a few swings at american mil
lionaires." The Conservative press is Civ
ing Mr. Began full coverage, presumably
on the theory that his diatribes will win
votes, not for Labor, but for the ConServa-
tiveS he is attacking.
The truth is that the Labor Party has
had serious difficulty in finding any sure
fire campaign issues. Britain Is enjoying
a period of record prosperity, even though
some soft spots in the economy showed up
around the year-end. With treasury
surplus to justify it's action, the Conserva-
tive government has outlined broad tax
reduction program for the new fiscal year.
Sir Anthony Eden is popular and cur
rently unrivalled leader of his party. BY
contrast the Laborites are split funda-
mentally, If not on the surface, over pol
icies and personalities.
An example of Labor's trouble in And
ing an issue is provided in the matter OF
the hydrogen bomb, The Labor Party
manifesto-comparable to an American
political platfor1n-proposed immediate
cessation of H-bomb tests" although the
parliamentary Labor Party had approved
production of the bomb Mr.. Bevan, some
of his followers and the extreme left wing
of the Labor press have attempted to
dramatic the evils of testing the bomb, as
compared to producing it but not testing
1t. sampling in one constituency showed
little interest; as campaign issue the
bomb appears to be dud.
On most questions Of foreign policy
Evening star., 1955-05-19
Chonqe of Command

In nominating General Maxwell D.
Taylor to be the next Army Chief OF Staft,
President Eisenhower has honored one OF
the most brilliant and most versatile
officers in the military service. 1t is an
excellent appointment and one which
promises the Army high type of leader
ship during period of increasing empha-
sis on modern chronological developments.
For it has been mark of General
Taylors distinguished career that he has
been in the forefront Of those working out
the doctrine, tactics and organization for
ground combat with new weapons and
under circumstances that have been
changing constantly since the early period
of World War II. 1t was in this role that
he helped in the organization OF the first
airborne division of our Arn1y-the 82nd-
and was one of its commanders in early
action In the African, Sicilian and Italian
campaigns. AS commanding general OF
the 101st Airborne Division, he parachuted
into Normandy on D-Day and was the first
American officer of this rank to land in
enemy-held France. One of his most spec
tacular missions was that of entering
Rome, while it was still under Axis military
control, to negotiate secretly with italian
defectors. He was commander in Berlin
in 1949-51 and led the 9th Army in the
latter stages of the Korean war. Most
recently he has been United States and
United Nations commander In the Far
East.
General Taylor will succeed COM
parably distinguished officer, General Mat
thew B. Ridgway During 38 years in the
service, General Ridgway has earned
reputation as a soldiers soldier"-an
officer of unquestioned devotion to the
Army and to what he considered its func-
ton in the national defense. AS chief Of
staff since 1885, he has displayed an un-
wavering independence of Judgment. AS
he prepares to leave the service, he is en-
titled to sincere "Well done"
Evening star., 1955-05-19

peoples of the USSR, to be at
tanned as soon as the world is
sovietized. Certainly the gov
ernments of Eastern Europe
are formally independent-so
is each Soviet Socialist Re
public. All 16 even have Gin
dependent" foreign Offices.
since 1914.
The error Is more glaring
when considered in the frame
work of the world Communist
parties, all of whom are under
Kremlin domination. This Rus
SANITATION of communism
how does it square with the
existence of the Cominform
whose members are of all ma
tions? Many leaders of the
Communist parties believe that
they are working in the inter-
est of their country when they
follow orders from Russia, be-
cause only by co-ordinated &C
ton can the world be COM
munized and the state of
earthly paradise" be achieved.
We can coexist and avoid
a third holocaust only If we be-
gin eating away at the Soviet
bloc.
f. L. F.
Evening star., 1955-05-19
Soviet Air Power-und Ours

The plan of Chairman Russell OF the
Senate Armed Services Committee to initi-
ate limited, closed-door inquiry into the
strength of American air power in the light
of an apparent increase in Russian air
might is a logical one. For the relative
capabilities of these two air forces bear
directly and vitally upon our national
security. Any change in this relationship,
at least If 1t is one to our disadvantage,
calls for fortnight recognition and
whatever corrective action can be taken
In the shortest possible time. The first
step. however, is to determine the facts
as distinguished from guesses and specu
lation which might be soundly motivated
but lacking in accuracy.
It is not surprising, in view of the De-
fense Departments recent announcement
that the Red air force is flying intercon-
tinental heavy jet bomberS In multiple for
nations, that an inquiry should be Sug-
gested. Assurances have been given III
the past that American superiority in this
field of long-range air operations had been
established, in part through the building
of our worldwide network of bases and in
part through the development of various
aircraft-notably the big B-52. And while
it was known that the B-52 has not yet
been delivered to combat units-a fact
which was reaf11rmed by an Air Force
spokesman this week-it was implied that
the Russians were even farther behind in
their development and production Of an
intercontinental jet bomber, or of any
comparable offensive plane. The fact that
two flights, numbering eight and ten such
long-range craft, have now been observed
over Moscow does not necessarily change
this picture. 1t has, however, led Senator
Symington, Missouri Democrat and former
Air Force Secretary, to warn that we may
have lost superiority of the air." The mere
possibility warrants a fresh evaluation.
At the same time, Chairman Russell
is quite right in his decision that a COM
mittee study should be conducted behind
closed doors. To be of genuine value such
an inquiry necessarily must call for clas-
sif1ed military information from the De-
fense Department-botha as to our own
strength and that of the Russians as far
as the latter can be ascertained. Open
hearings on a subject of this kind might,
or might not, lead to greater public in
formation-but they could be most harm
full in disclosing to a potential enemy
data on our own capabilities and In re-
vealing how much or how little we really
know about the Red air force. The ques-
ton is much too important to be exam
ined on a stage where headline-making
could be distracting temptation.
Evening star., 1955-05-19
SeH-Defense

On April 18, a letter ap-
peared signed by Observer"
from which I quote in part:
THE Star story. April 10, on
the Alexander Remedial Read
ing Group was very interest
ing. However, this is a spe-
cialized group catering to the
private student whose parent
can handle a good-size fee,
and not for the general train
ing of the public's youth"
Cd That statement con-
corning my reading school is
not true. A fee is not a con-
sideration when a child is in
need of help. I reserve the
right to make no further COM
ment on this phase of my
reading school.
t2) I am an educator who
has never turned away a child
because of a fee, and I never
shall as long as I am in a posi-
ton to do so.
CD My reading school is
open to all groups: it always
has been, regardless Of race,
color or creed.
ca My reading school has
been in existence for four
years, due largely to the CO.
operation of the parents.
(5) I am interested not in
the printed word but in the
reading Of the printed word.
Z. A. Monaghan.
Evening star., 1955-05-19
Lines to Ny Artist
Duuqhter

I match you dance, and beauty
floods my heart.
As rain restores the arid
desert sands
You giUe me zeal to cope
aOith hfe'S demands;
The happiness no other. could
impdrt.
When things 90 Drono and
eUery task I start
Seems endless, / see your pale
moUing hands
Portrayino ouLS in flight on
coral strands
With such transcendant loDe-
Illness of art
That all despair and grief
soon fade 1Ddy,
And glddneSS blooms ,Dithtn
me, Ddrnl and SUeet.
Your slender body bends
Nth perfect poise,
Light Gs q butterfly you gently
stDdy
On graceful limbs as though
your dancing feet
Were laughing at o million
secret joys.
Corris Hunter
Evening star., 1955-05-19
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES Sc. TRACEWELL

soft moss, 1t will fool the most
discerning.
The hummer, on account Of
its size, sometimes falls a prey
to the praying mantis. the
large insect which somewhat
resembles a green grasshopper
of giant size.
There have been photos
taken Of q hummer in the
clutch Of q mantis.
No one should think, how
ever, that the ruby-throated
hummingbird, the only species
we have in this vicinity. is not
a warrior.
The male has been known to
attack much larger birds and
drive them away from his nest.
A good planting of petunias
will attract them to a window
box, where the incessant beat
of the wings, some 1000 a min
ute, renders them invisible.
The birds soon become so
immune to fright that they will
hover over the blossoms with
human beings no more than
2 feet away.
If one allows you to cup a
hand over it, however, be
sure you have a sphinx moth,
not a hummingbird.
This feat can be done with
the moth with perfect ease. the
creature continuing to stick In
its proboscis while your fingers
inclose it.
No self-respecting humming-
bird would put up with this,
of course.
Evening star., 1955-05-19
Reds Not FADING

Dorothy Thompson has ar
rived by a curious disregard
of facts, and under the usual
subterfuge of realistic poll
tics" at the interesting conclu-
sion that world communism is
no longer the goal of USSR
policy. 1t would be entertain
ing, were it not also frighten-
ing, that a woman of her bril-
lance could seriously propose
this.
She neglects in her analysis
of Lenins position the fact
that the very word "coexist-
ence" is Lenin's. He proposed
it as the temporary deviation"
permitted by Marx if necessary,
for the ultimate domination
of communism.
Miss Thompson ignores that
the ultimate goal in Marxist
theory is the whitening away
of the state" and that this
concept is resurrected and
busted off and examined at
each session of the Supreme
Soviet (Congress) so that the
promise of the whitening away
can again be laid before the
Evening star., 1955-05-19
Hiqher Education

One Of your May IA cor
respondents, in discussing "the
correct time element in attain
ing certain graduate degrees"
and after observing that the
well-rounded physician or den
tist requires 40 to 13 years of
training" and the legal profess
sion requires 81 or 8 years of
study" then comments some
what naively. that "a Ph.D.
does not entail 8 years, since
most college graduates can
manage it easily in 3 or more
years, or 7 in ALL" Such COM
parsons of diverse programs
of study emphasizing time IL
lustrates a confusion, which is
rather general, as to the ma
ture of genuine graduate"
study.
1t should be pointed out in
the beginning that all types of
poStbaccalaureate training is
not graduate" study. Thus,
vocational training leading to
degrees such as LIB, MD.
and DDS, even from institu-
tions which require an ABB. or
BIS. as a prerequisite. are spe-
cialized undergraduate curric-
ulums preparatory to occupa-
tional pursuits.
Typical graduate degrees adj
vancing from the baccalaure-
ate level are the Master and
the Ph.D., which degrees, in
cidentally, can be pursued in
any sufficiently broad and ade-
quately developed subject mat
ter area of knowledge. The
doctorate is the most charac-
teristic of the graduate tradi-
-tion, because here major en-
phasis is placed upon equipping
candidates with a background
and the intellectual tools that
are essential to poke. at least.
at the frontiers of their Sc
lected fields of knowledge.
Requisites, therefore, are rig
orous, and quite generally, a
distinctively high quality of
performance must be demon
strated during several years of
close observation following un-
dergraduate work before ad-
mission to pursue the degree is
even considered. The compile
ton of routine courses, exam
nations or years of study"
are, unlike vocational training,
quite incidental in the intellec-
tual development of the can
didate for the doctorate.
Candidates who satisfy all
requirements in three years
following the baccalaureate
degree-the minimum time
possible-are the exception
rather than the rule. Most
college graduates can manage
it" not easily in three more
years" but, more typically, not
at all.
The significant distinctions,
therefore, between graduate"
and other types of study pro-
grams are to be found not in
the relative time element in
attaining" degrees but, rather,
in the intellectual level of ad-
vancement of the respective
programs of study themselves
and In the dissimilar nature
and purpose of each.
Robert Harris,
Evening star., 1955-05-19
Vetoes United Fund

A sign OF spring in WASH
ington is the annual drum
beating" for a United Fund
spearheaded by the Washing
ton Board of Trade and the
Community Chest. Having re-
Gently attended meetings spon-
sored by these groups, it
seems to me the problem is
being approached emotionally
rather than effectively.
The backbone of the United
Fund in other cities is cor
porate giving which accounts
for at least 40 per cent Of the
total money raised. In Wash
ington corporations contribute
less than 10 per cent of the
total "take." In a United
Fund for Washington this
means that wage earners must
make up the difference. Based
upon past performance, it is
doubtful they will give enough
in one giving to meet COM
munity welfare needs.
It is obvious that the Com
munity Chest, which repre-
sents go per cent Of the total
welfare "take," would domi-
nate any United Fund organi-
zation. Too much authority
would be centered in the hands
of a few, establishing a virtual
dictatorship in the field of
philanthropic finance.
Last year the Community
Chest reached its goal for the
first time in many years. How
ever. the campaign goal was
not realistic. for it was COM
puted not upon the actual
financial needs of the men,
ber agencies, but upon what
the Chest was able to raise in
the previous year.
competition is healthful, not
only for business but for chari-
ties. 1t keeps them on their
toes. Like any business, the
charity that meets a commun-
ity need, whose campaign is
well organized. and who sells
its program with any degree OF
skill, usually is able to meet its
quota, like the Cancer Crusade.
The multiplicity of cam
paigns is no more annoying
than the advertising and sales
promotion barrage of our
business associates with some
thing to sell. It is a privilege,
not a drudgery, to help the less
fortunate in our community.
Whether or not the Federal
Government initiates a lone
fund" makes little difference
to the small local charities.
They just about make cam
palgn expenses in any Gov
ernment agency. It takes the
big national campaigns with
adequate campaign budgets
for printed material. pub
licity and staff to raise any
money among the great mass
Of Government workers.
There is no easy way to
raise money. The organiza-
tions that join a United Fund
as an easy way out to their
Embarrassing problems will
find a price is exacted. Free
dom of enterprise and the
right to compete is not just
the right of our business asso-
ciates in the District of CO.
lumbia.
Stanfield S. Mcclure.
Evening star., 1955-05-19

Big Four talks Eat the summit" Formosa,
unification Of Germany, etc.-the Conserv-
ative and Labor positions are too nearly
alike to provide exciting campaign debate.
Both parties are for peace" and favor
more or less the same approach to it. There
is, in other words, not much Of a case
being made "for a change"-by contrast
to the political feeling in this country in
1952-and the British voters appear ready
and relaxed for polling day.