davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-27
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

reported ready to Secretary of Health,
Education and Welfare Those three big ideasand the
job Republican who at least of them.
British elections are different One party favors capt.
tasm the other socialism both parties praise
talism-and promise more socialism.
The administration speeds production waplanes because
of Russian gains Eisenhower officials know just what the Air
Force needs They ought to- They just finished cutting it.
The Senate bitches Ikes highway program for of
Senator Gore of Tennessee They still like Ikebut they're for
Gore
Senate investigators hear $4,000 bride offered for
contract for million sailor hats. order The
for the sailors who'll the Nays Cougar
supply of canned hamburger.
Televsion and broadcasters finish Washington
convention to each other that the thing
than listening commercials listening to bunch
of half-hour speeches without them.
Ike asks Congress for $l2 million to start building
atomic merchant ship This doityours contagious
The Government getting the taxpayers to do and
more OF it,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-27
DOROTHY THOMPSON
Meaning of Effective Neutrality

Switzerland, and unlike Swift
zerland would be, in case of
general war, too valuable an
asset to risk to an opponent.
So, if the Russians want a
neutral Germany, how do they
imagine that neutrality can be
defended?
The Soviets undoubtedly
want a neutral" Europe, but
they also want it to be a power
vacuum. If Western Europe
were really united politically,
morally, and militarily it would
be sufficiently strong to dis
pense with external alliances.
In that case it would not be
neutralized, but might be an
active neutralizing element.
But a belt of weak and ex-
posed neutral states not able
or permitted to plan and
create a common defense and
deprived of all freedom of
choice in foreign policy, would
not be a buffer-which would
be desirable-but a vacuum
which would be a temptation.
If states are not allowed to
enter alliances with great
powers then they must be
strong enough to defend
themselves.
Only such a condition is
effective neutrality in the
highly armed world of the
present.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-27

There are people in WASH
ington'S diplomatic colony who
will take odds that the summit
meeting in mid-July will be a
failure.
This belief is based on the
series of blasts against the
United States-with a few side
slaps at Britain-noticeable in
the Soviet press and radio
broadcasts as we'll as in the
official notes agreeing to the
conference. They started when
Secretary Dulles mildly sug-
gested something about free
elections in the satellite coun-
tries. These suggestions stung
the men in the Kremlin, posi-
bly, because they are looking
for a propaganda excuse to
doom the conference. Actually,
they do not take any more
seriously now than they have
in the past our official talk of
rolling back the Soviet grip on
the former free eastern and
central European states.
The Moscow and satellite
propaganda has paved the way
for a Kremlin charge that the
West is not acting in good
faith.
A Moscow broadcast on May
"a commenting on the Krem-
Inns position regarding the
top-level conference said: 1T
is completely clear that the
USSR is willing to take part
in serious and honest talks
only if the other side will adopt
an equally sincere approach"
The broadcast went on that
the top-level conference must
not be merely exploratory, but
bring about a settlement of
outstanding issues Through
observance of the principles of
coexistence, mutual trust and
understanding and by deciding
all questions of disarmament"
This is a pretty heavy and
indigestible bill of fare for the
three days of conferences sug-
gested by President Eisen-
hover. He has in mind only
general talks on the existing
troubles to bring about a meet
ing of minds and suggested
that the handling Of the actual
problems be left to the foreign
secretaries.
The men in the Kremlin
have known all along, since the
invitation to a meeting at the
summit was issued by the
three Western powers, that
President Eisenhower and the
Prime Ministers Of Britain and
France will not indulge in any
"epochal settlement of out
standing problems" as was
done at Teheran. Yalta and
Potsdam.
The Kremlin, possessing the
best political and military in.
telligence in the Western
countries, must have known
that Mr.. Eisenhower himself
is not the type of man who
will make agreements behind
the back of his own people.
Neither would the present po-
litical conditions in the United
States allow such agreements
to be made. The publication of
a high percentage of the Yalta
documents has stirred up Con-
gress and it is safe to say that
there will be sincere "biparti-
sanship" in the Senate and
House against any secret deals
or further substantial yielding
to the Red power.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-27
Guy Farmer Reported
Leaving NLRB Post

Guy Farmer reported to have
asked the White House not to
consider him for reappointment
as chairman of the National
Labor Relations Board when his
present term expires August 81.
Mr.. Farmer told reporter
yesterday he preferred not to
comment on the report.
President Else hover app
pointed Mr., Farmer in July.
1858, to complete the term left
by the resignation of Chairman
Paul HerZog.
Mr.. Farmer had said when he
became NLRB chairman that
he wanted only to fill out the
term and then be free to return
to private law practice. Before
going to the NLRB he was q
member of the Washington law
firm of Steptoe & Johnson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-27
Close Watch on Market
Urqed in Senate Report

found in cheap uranium stocks
with abuses which ranged from
misleading and irresponsible adj
vertising to instances in which
the promoters appropriated for
themselves most of the money
paid to finance the venture"
S. ''It has been estimated that
securities confidence men sell
from 10 to SO millions of dollars
of worthless securities annually
across the Canadian border =.
the Department of State and
the SEC should seek the CO.
operation of the Canadian gov
eminent to force the discontin-
uance Of those sales of securities
which are in violation of Amer
lean statutes.
6. AS for stock market tipSters,
lit is the considered opinion of
the committee that while it may
be impossible to enact general
legislation against tipping, the
interests of the American public
can best be served by education
of the public to its harmful eff
fectS."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-27
Behind the Results in Britain

Gus weekly here. offered quiz
to its readers the other day
and one question was: Num-
Der one, explain the difference
between the Conservative and
the Socialist Labor Parties.
Number two, how can you
tell?"
But the London Times, the
sedate and dignif1ed organ
of British political thought,
summed it up this way:
1.-THE Conservatives main
concern is to enlarge the ma
tional cake; Labor's is how 1t
shall be shared out. The Con-
servatives believe that in a
mixed economy prosperity de-
ponds on the spur of incen-
tives and private enterprise;
Labor believes that in a mixed
economy weaknesses are best
met by regulation and control.
Britain has still to find her
exact place in the postwar
world and also how best to
run herself. The question is
under which emphasis at the
moment Is she likelier to
achieve these objects"
On the whole Britain is COM
ing along nicely in her post
war evolution, and the British
people, while not rolling in
prosperity in the American
sense, have been getting better
food and better clothing and
better housing as their stand
ard of living has been gradu-
ally raised. When they look
back at the horrible bombings
of wartime. they react in
stantly to almost any formula
that gives hope of achieving
peace. They are the kind of
folks who, if put to it, would
make the same sacrifices as
before, but they have a feeling
that somehow another war
can and must be avoided. They
can, if necessary. bring forth
leaders who will say again
what Winston Churchill said
in the dark days of 1910: 1--WE
would rather see London laid
in ruins and ashes than that
it should be tamely and alb
jectly enSlaved."
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-27
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Many Here Feel Conference Will Fail,
But Eden's Election Moy Be Worth 1t

Our experts on Soviet affairs
who have the unenviable job
of trying to guess. what is in
the devious minds Of the men
in the Kremlin agree that the
new violent anti-American
campaign presageS a failure of
the conference. The Soviet is
already on record as saying
the United States does not
want sincerely to settle the
cold war. But these experts
add that the angry voices
heard from Moscow, Warsaw
and Prague may be nothing
more than the customary Red
strategy to soften up the West
ern resistance to the expected
Soviet demands for neutral
belts and limitation of arma-
ments on the Kermlin pat
tern.
There is little likelihood. if
this latter Interpretation is
accurate. that there will be any
softening up Of Washington at
least. It is well known that
President Eisenhower agreed
to the Big Four meeting not
because he and his Secretary
of State believed that any
thing constructive would come
out of it. They merely re-
sponded to strong pressures
from London where the Con-
sentative Party headed by Sir
Anthony Eden was worried
that it might lose the election
to the Socialists. Messrs.
Clement Attlee and Aneurin
Bevan could have made the
termination of the cold war
their election slogan-and it
would have been a strong one.
BY our yielding to the Eden
demands, the Conservatives
were able to beat the Laborites
to the punch and take away
their principal election ammu-
milton.
Although there are many
differences between the Brit
ish and American govern
ments, particularly concern
ing Far East policies, we much
prefer to deal with a British
Conservative regime than with
the mpredictable and sharply
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-27
International Situation Full of Danger
Unless Terms Are Precisely Defined

location, very powerful defen-
sive Notifications, the capacity
to inflict serious reprisals if
her territory is violated (for
instance by blowing up the
Simplon tunnel, and a cohe-
sive will to fight if attacked.
by any and every means, of
which she has repeatedly given
fair warning.
In short, Switzerland, small
though she is, would be a
tough nut to crack, and the
gain to whatever power might
attempt it would be negligible,
She is not a buffer.
Belgium and the Netherlands
were also neutral" in both
world wars, their neutral sta
tus recognized by all the pow
ers and guaranteed by treaties.
But Belgium was invaded in
both world wars, and the
Netherlands in the last one.
The buffers" were the first
victims.
The Austrian state treaty
creates a neutral status for
Austria far more closely re-
sembling that of Belgium than
that of Switzerland. Her neu-
trality cannot, in fact. be de-
Tended by herself, but rests
on the will of the great powers
not to fight each other. In
case of general war her neu-
trail status would depend only
on the strategical plans of the
belligerents.
That would be even more
true Of a "neutraliZed" Ger
many.
Germany, to defend her in
dependence of military alli-
ances, would require the most
powerful army on the CONT
nent. 1t would be composed,
like the Swiss, of every male
citizen and prepared to fight
by any and every means If
Germany's neutrality were
violated. She does not have
the geographical advantages Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-27

mocracy, it is astonishing how
strikingly their behavior fits
the pattern of the times and
the precedents Of the past.
Two controlling influences
usually determine the outcome
the presence of economic
contentment or discomfort on
the one hand. and. on the
other, some strong emotional
feeling that can and sometimes
does override any economic
issue.
The British electorate has
experienced a wide degree of
economic contentment in the
last several months. Hence,
apathy was noted during the
campaign. The people were
not excited about the elections
because they had nothing
really serious to cause them to
protest. Under such circum-
stances the party in power
always benefits at the polls,
because the apathetic voters of
the opposition are likely to
stay away, while the enthusi-
asm Of the incumbent party,
through effective organization,
usually brings its own follow
ers to the polls.
There was an emotional is
sue of Importance in the cam
paign-the desire for peace.
Both parties had to argue
almost from the same starting
point-that each could do the
better job If entrusted with Of
flee. This again helped the
Conservatives, for they have
not missed a trick on that
score. They have argued that
a four-power conference is in
the offing and that it isn't a
good idea to change horses in
midstream.
There has been a lot said
about the great similarity be-
tween the major parties, and
some people have professed to
see little difference between
the Conservative and the
Socialist Labor approach
Punch, the leading humor-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-27
LOOK! ONLY
1886
DELIVERED HERE
1855 Champion custom 2-door sedan yiM
standard equipment. State and local EGxes,
if any, extra. White sidetraH tires and
chrome pheei discs optional at extra cost.
Prices may vary somewhat in nearby communities
Comparably low prices in effect on all otiax
1855 Studebakers. including Commands and
President V-Ss

THIS low price makes you the
L proud owner of a big, handsome
Studebaker-the longest wheel
base automobile in the entire low
price field.
For this low delivered price, you
get Studebaker styling that has
won So important International
Awards :. superb two-tone or
single-tone exterior colors-and
harmonizing interiors.
You get thrill filled Studebaker
power-gas economy that has won
the Mobilgas Economy Run
Sweepstakes two straight years!
Come in now! Look at the car!
Look at the price! Go for a ride!
You'll want this Studebaker right
away. It's a sensational buy!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-27
Decision to Replace Carney Comes
From Thomas, Who Won Backing

the President was talking
peace.
The President, who was only
a lieutenant colonel when Gen.
Marshall reached down many
numbers to start him on his
meteoric World War II rise,
naturally thinks well of such
tactics. 1t is not perhaps well
known that, unlike his pred
ecessors, the President has
chosen men of junior rank for
his Army. Navy and Air Force
aides. They are Col. Schulz,
Army; Comdr. Beach, Navy,
and 1t. Col. Draper, Air Force.
Nor has he been promoting
them.
Generally speaking, too, the
President has been willing to
pursue a harder course with
his former Pentagon associates
than with the wealthy civilians
he brought in for his cabinet
and little cabinet. He has still
to admit that any of the latter
have made a mistake, but he
has not hesitated to reshuf-
f1e the military. Their private
joke about it is that, like
Roosevelt, Mr.. Eisenhower Is a
traitor to his class.
How much ground Secretary
Thomas will gain by his ma
newer remains to be seen.
Arleigh Burke is a great fight
ing man with a puckish Irish
humor. Mr.. Thomas inciden-
tally has no humor at all, but
Admiral Burke has already said
that he never served with Mr..
Eisenhower or played golf
with him either. He will learn
that such jokes are not appre-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-27
DORIS FLEESON

The initiative for the deci-
sion not to reappoint Admiral
Carney as Chief of Naval OPP
erations and to replace him
with Rear Admiral Burke came
from Navy Secretary Thomas.
The story is illustrative Of riffs
within the Pentagon of which
more will most certainly be
heard.
Weeks ago Secretary Thomas
confided to friends that his
emo was running the Navy to
suit himself. Mr.. Thomas COM
planned that his own ideas
were being ignored and said he
would not reappoint Admiral
Carney.
The Secretary indicated that
his peeve extended to other
senior admirals. He said he
was looking among the
younger officers for Admiral
Carney's successor and men
toned that Arleigh Burke
looked good. It was suggested
to him that while Admiral
Burke was a brilliant officer, he
was SO on the totem pole of
line officers and only SO years
old so he could wait. Among
his seniors, it was argued. were
many who could do a distin-
guished job.
What attention Mr.. Thomas
paid to that advice is now ap-
parent. He was helped by
several factors.
The President was angry
with Admiral Carney for hav-
ing, though inadvertently, be-
come the herald of a war scare
in the Formosa Straits while
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-27
Voters Seemed Apothetic in Campaign;
Returns Will Be Studied for Weeks
DAVID LAWRENCE

LONDON. May 27.-To
examine the. election results in
the $50 districts of the British
Parliament is not unlike the
task that faces the American
observer on the morning after
a congressional election. What
do millions and millions Of
voters have in common and
what was the dominating
thought behind their action at
the polls? Can a trend be dis
cerned, and what does 1t mean
for other countries?
The size of a majority in
the popular vote nationally
doesn't mean anything. be-
cause each district is a unit,
and it isn't important even
in America how big a majority
a Democrat gets in the South.
where there is only one candi-
date running. The percentage
of votes across the nation OBJ
tanned by either party has
none of the significance here
that it has when presidential
candidates are voted for in
America. What Is Of great i'm
portance is the size Of the
majority in the so-called mar
ginal districts, of which there
are about 80. Here the margin
of victory in the past for either
party has been very narrow.
and a switch of a few votes
can turn one party out and
put the other party in.
Results from these marginal
districts will be studied for
weeks hereafter. but the over
all impact of the election out
come is related solely to the
victory of a single party as a
whole. For here the party
members in the House Of Com
mons select the Prime Min
lister, who combines both legis-
lative and executive functions
and can be turned out Of office
at any time if the national
legislature wills it that way.
When 20 million or more
persons go to the polls any
where in the world Of de-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-27
Pessin1iism on Summit Talks

divided Laborites. And it seems
likely that with Sir Anthony
in the saddle for another five
years he may look at the Far
Eastern situation from a diff
ferent angle than when he
knew he would soon face a
difficult political battle at
home.
Thus, whether or not the
Kremlin decides to let the
Big Four talks end in failure,
our willingness to initiate such
a parley may have helped the
Vests long-range policies by
preventing a pro-Red govern
ment from coming to Office in
Britain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-27

The international political
situation holds great dangers
in a time when relaxation Of
tensions" is in the air, unless
terms are more precisely de-
fined
What, for instance, is meant
by neutrality" and "neutrali-
zation"?
The voluntary and deliberate
choice of a national state to
abstain from external military
alliances and base its security
on its ability to defend itself is
neutrality as between great
power blocs. Such a choice i'm
posed upon it by a stronger
power or joint government Of
powers is naturalization.
One may well ask why, If a
state voluntarily chooses neu-
trality. is it necessary for other
states to guarantee" it? Does
not this amount to permanent
external control, Offering OPP
portunities for perpetual in
ternal intervention?
If a limitation is imposed
from without. how can it con-
tinuously be enforced?
By great-power agreement to
keep that state a permanent
power vacuum? BY treaties?
Historically speaking, what
have such treaties been worth
when or If one or the other
party to such an agreement
chose to pick the "neutralized"
state as a battle-ground?
Switzerland is a state that
has voluntarily and deliber-
ately chosen to make no mill
tary alliances. She has sue
ceeded during two world wars
in maintaining a neutral sta
tus, but only for two reasons.
When she made the choice
she was no longer exposed to
any great-power games threat
ening her from outside; and
she was, and is. in a peculiarly
strong position for self-de-
tense. by reason Of her Alpine
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-27
Senate Backs Limit
On interest Rute
BY the Associated Press


The Senate yesterday passed
and sent to the House bill to
limit the interest rate on farm
disaster and emergency loans to
3 per cent.
The Agriculture Department
raised the rate to 5 per cent in
January this year, contending
some unauthorized borrowers
were taking advantage of the
low interest loans.
The Senate Agriculture Com
mittee said farmers actually in
distress should not have to pay
more than 8 per cent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-27
Why Admiral Burke Got the Job

ciated by Republican strate-
gists building the indispensa-
ble-man legend for next year.
Admiral Burke's nicknames
show that he is all-Navy. In
wartime he was "31-Knot
Burke" in reference to the
oiler-bursting speed at which
he drove his destroyers against
the japanese. Since 1949 he
has been "Op. % Burke" in
recognition that his Navy
Operation % spearheaded the
admirals' revolt against the
Air Force.
The efforts of civilian Sec
retaries to avoid snow jobs by
the services did not begin
with Secretary Thomas. The
truth is that the only Sec
rotary of the Navy who ever
permanently succeeded in
putting over his own policy
in spite of last-ditch opposi-
ton from the admirals was
the late Josephus Daniels.
He dried up the Navy. This
was good or bad, depending on
your point of view, but Mr..
Daniels has always gotten
credit for no mean feat.
Soon or late Congress is
going to have to take a hand
in the question Of how the
Wilson system of innumer-
able vice presidents. a la Gen.
eral Motors, is working, any,
way. There are now 80 men
in the Pentagon-or 71a golf
foursomes-with the rank of
secretary; deputy, under or
assistant secretary. One thing
is certain-the services grow
weary of educating them and
are apt, like Admiral Carney,
to take matters in their own
hands.
Evening star., 1955-07-03
RADIO & TELEvISI0N

Complste laboratory facilities Prepare for ,
sxpanaing field Of electrenics. Day and evenins
Ior veterans. Registration fer summer term
Evening star., 1955-07-03

TRAVEL.
Evening star., 1955-07-03
RADIO & TELEvISI0N

n 1924 18th 81. NV. (corner Park Road
DAY and evening classes In PracfieaI
cast ana Television Engineering. Specfai
Associate In Applied Science" deSree'
70 pc assured Of admission, Home sfudv
residence school. GT-APPROVED.