davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-06
The Sticking Point

But the limited-nuclear- war solu-
ton does not enjoy unanimous &C
ceptance among free world strate-
gists.
President Eisenhower himself told
a recent press conference there is
really no dividing line between the
tactical and strategic use of atomic
weapons.
Sir Winston told the House Of
Commons: IF il. there should be
supreme conflict, the. hydrogen
weapons would be available to
both sides and it would be folly to
suppose that they would not be used.
Our precautionary dispositions and
preparations must therefore be
based on the assumption that, if
war should come, those weapons
would be used"
Many military men agree that
once a nuclear bomb is dropped all
wraps will be off. They say that
passions would be aroused, and diff
ferentiation between tactical" and
strategic" targets, or betwee,
military" and civilian" detectives.
would be impossible.
And yet, President Eisenhower
staunchly defends his personally
approved military budget, in the
face of professional doubts by the
widely respected Gen. Matthew b.
Ridgway, Army Chief of Staff. BY
cutting back on manpower and
emphasizing air power and nuclear
weapons, Mr.. Eisenhower seems to
imply an acceptance of the limited
nucle.ar-war answer.
Gruenther's View
One Of the Presidents closest as
sociates, his successor as NATO
commander, Gen. Alfred Gruenther,
has publicly stated that his forces
have passed the point of no return
on use of nuclear weapons. He
cannot hold out against Communist
forces without them, he has said.
Field Marshal Montgomery, Britain
fiery deputy NATO commander,
holds the same position.
These men appear to believe
either that limited nuclear warfare
is feasible, or that the deterrent is
so strong no attack will be risked.
There is no doubt where Sir Win
ston stands on the Importance Of
conventional forces. In his House
of Commons speech he made this
clear:
&c. do not agree with those
who say, Let us sweep away forth
with all our existing defense SER
vices and concentrate our energy
and resources on nuclear weapons
and their immediate ancillaries.
The policy of the deterrent cannot
rest on nuclear weapons alone. .
Unless we were prepared to unleash
a full-scale nuclear war as soon
- some local incident occurs In
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-06

lieve that the Soviets so far have
tested by. explosion only type of
bomb of intermediate power") the
Kremlin wolf pack is already bay
ing after vulnerable Western
Europe.
Italy has been warned by Radio
Moscow that 10 H-bombs would be
enough to destroy the whole coun-
try. London was told how easy it
would be to wipe the British Isles
off the map. Significantly. this
came only few hours after Church
ills speech.
When the Kremlin has accumu-
lated it's stockpile of H-bombs, these
threats will mean much more to
countries like Greece, Iran and
Finland, for instance. Later Britain
herself may want to listen.
What will the United States, do
when Moscow sends an ultimatum,
say, to Athens: Come over to our
side or be H-bombed!"?
Hideous Alternatives
Whoever is President in 1859, or
1858, or 1857 may have to decide
between two hideous alternatives:
Abandon our far-off friends one by
one or risk our own country's an
Inhalation by retaliating with H
bombs against the Communists on
our smaller friends behalf.
The NATO alliance already COM
mits us to come to Greece's rescue If
she is attacked. But if Greece were
to choose voluntarily to renounce
the NATO pact and join the Krem-
lin satellite parade, before the H
bombs start dropping. would the
President send SAC over the Soviet
Union anyway? If he did not. how
long would. it take before America
would be encircled by Soviet satel-
lites?
The Kremlin has another dia-
bolical gambit at its disposal. 1t
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-06

The people of Asia know America.
perhaps better in some ways than
the Americans know themselves. 1t
is too bad that American newspapers
have so much to say about the sup
posed dislike and distrust of the
peoples of Asia toward the United
States. 1t is too bad there is so
much discussion in America of the
fact that the only atomic bombs
ever used in warfare were those
dropped by American aviators upon
an Asian people.
This kind of self castigation has
partially at least closed the eyes
of the American people to the ire
mendous position of strength they
hold in our hearts. Stories such
as these are created by the Reds
to win over the voting population
of every land as part of their Com
muniSt revolution campaign. In
this way the Soviets have succeeded
in making many nations their satel-
ltes. All intelligent Americans
should realize this and make it
known to their fellow citizens.
No Asian will ever forget that at
the time of the Boxer rebellion the
United States used its indemnity
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-06
Germany
Paris Pact Ratification
Approved in Bundestug;
Coalition Is Disrupted

The IA NATO countries and Ger
many must ratify the so-called Paris
treaties before Germany can re-
gain limited sovereignty and raise
an army. The two key notifications
will be those of France and Ger
many. The other nations are ex-
pected to 60 along without difficulty.
Seven, in fact. have already rati-
fed. An eighth, Italy, is in the
final stages of ratification. The
four others are waiting only for
France and Germany.
49, Last week Germany cleared its
biggest hurdle to ratification. The
lower house of Parliament, the
Bundestag, voted about two to one
for the treaties. Upper house ap-
proval is thought to be certain.
The victory for the Adenauer
government was not without high
cost. The Adenauer coalition of
right and center parties split over
the Saar issue. The treaties had
been made contingent on settlement
of the Franco-German dispute over
possession of the Saar. Under the
treaties the Saar would be Euro
peanized"-neither country would
get it.
Forty-seven members of the Free
Democratic Party voted against the
Saar treaty (but for the other
treaties) and then threatened in
anger to take their party perma-
nently out of the Adenauer coalition.
But the Free Democratic Party
itself was torn internally when Vice
Chancellor Franz Bleucher, a Free
Democratic leader, stuck with
Chancellor Adenauer.
The strife within the coalition
and within the Free Democratic
Party will make it more difficult for
the Adenauer government to oper-
ate in the future Though the
chancellor still would have ma
jority in Parliament without the
Free Democrats.
But as the week closed it seemed
that Herr Adenauer was unlikely to
let Herr Bleucher resign, and it also
seemed unlikely that the Free Dem
ocrats would GUST him from the
party. The prospect, then, was for
an uneasy continuation of the old
coalition.
Meanwhile, in France, where the
lower house approved the Paris
pacts under the Mendes-Fran
government, there was talk in the
upper house of amending the agree
ments-an action which would
threaten the entire bundle Of
treaties.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-06

face to face with the full terror of
this "hideous epoch" and to map
plan for survival.
Our best chance to put of dooms-
day, Sir Winston believes, is to con-
tinue to butterfly the Soviet Union,
TO develop our deterrent power In
the next two to four years the West
will have superiority in hydrogen
weapons and the means of delivering
them, he estimates. During that
time. at least. we can hope the
Kremlin will not be foolish enough
to launch a nuclear war.
What happens when the Soviet
Union pulls up even in capacity to
destroy is grim point even Sir
Winston skirted. He was not with
out hope, of course. But it was
somber hope. not the lofty brand of
World War lis undaunted Winnie.
His masterful speech before Par
Lament last Tuesday dominated the
world scene.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-06
Far East
Eisenhower's Press Reply
On Aggressive War Seen
As CIouding Asia Picture

The already beclouded picture Of
American intentions in the Formosa
Straits area got another misting-up
last week, this time from President
Eisenhower himself.
Asked If Chang Kai-shek had
any business hoping for American
moral and logistical support for a
trip back to the Chinese mainland,
the President said:
The United States is not going
to be a party to an aggressive war;
that is the best answer can make"
Some thought the President had
renowned all thought of helping
Chang back to the mainland, no
matter what the circumstances.
Some thought the reference to
aggressive" war was tacit recogni-
ton Of Red China and the two
China concept.
Chang himself probably thought
something unprintable.
Although neither the Presidents
press adviser nor any other admin
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-06
Soviet Union
New KremIin Shukeup
Costs Doubt on Strength
Of BuIeonin's Control

Evidence that the elevation of
Marshal Nikolai Bulganin to the
Soviet premiership did not end the
shakeup within the Kremlin HER
archy came to the surface last week.
CuriouSly, the younger genera
ton among the top-drawer Commu-
nists seemed to have staged a come
back of sorts after the drubbing they
took at the hands of the old Bolshe-
viks in early February.
A. I. Mikoyan, purged ally of the
younger generation who had been
identified with the now-abandoned
consumer goods spree of the post
Stain era, moved swiftly from near
disgrace to a first deputy premier
ship. This is on a par in rank with
Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molo-
tov and old-timer Lazar Kagano-
yich.
Two other junior grade politburo
members, M. z. Saburov and M. G.
Pervukhin, economic planners who
have a reputation for thinking out
sue GIlC oul dltJdNhCI VI oVAiSV ~oih-
munist dogma, also were promoted
to first deputy premier.
Perhaps the Older generations
victory over ex-Premier Georgi Ma
lenkov had not been as complete as
some had supposed. Perhaps, too,
the old-guard Stalinists detected re-
sentiment among the people at re-
turning to the old brand of aus
terity.
There were other changes in the
Council Of Ministers, bringing un-
knowns into the higher policy
group. But these were so obscure
that scholars on this side of the Iron
Curtain couldn't tell much about
them. Lesser lights in the agricul-
ture departments Of government got
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-06
Palestine
Border Dispute Flares,
Killing AZ at Gozu;
U. N. Surveys Incident

1t was outside the town of GAIA.
in southwest Palestine, that q Phil
istine girl named Delilsh gave q
haircut to a Jewish man named
Samson and thereby started the
first recorded international incident
of that area
Last week outside GAIA another
international incident was set of.
this time deadly dispute between
Israelis and Egyptians, who now
control the city. Guns were being
fired in the area late last week,
but settlement of the dispute had
been put in the hands Of an inter-
national body-showing that civil
ization has indeed advanced in 5000
years.
What started last weeks GAIA in
Continued on Page Asa
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-06

day In two basic fields on which
these races depend-manpower and
industrial power-each side has I'M
disputed superiority in one. The
Communists have the men; the West
has the machinery.
These are the five hotly contested
races:
Atom bomb production.
. Hydrogen bomb production.
. Air power dncluding bombers
and guided missiles. both offensive
and defensive).
Q Research and development in
weapons and weapons carriers.
. Capacity to wage conventional
war.
The United States leads in the hrst
four races, Sir Winston announced
emphatically Tuesday. President
Eisenhower confirmed this intelli-
sence estimate at his press confer
ence the next day. Thus both chose
to belittle the Soviet claims of H
bomb superiority that have emerged
since Georgi Malenkov was deposed
last February 8.
Because the Soviet Union did not
disarm after World War II, and be-
cause 1t has q big manpower ad-
vantage, no one disputes the Com
munists' lead in conventional-war-
fare capacity.
Disarmament attempts have al
ways been snagged on the difficulty
Of coordinating reductions in nu-
clear and conventional weapons.
Best Hope for Peoce
The United States lead in nuclear
striking power. Sir Winston repeat
ed last week. continues to be the
Vests best hope for peace. DE
Tense through deterrents," he called
it. Over and over again, Mr..
Churchill emphasized the word de
terrent" as the Vests primary
weapon. He referred specifically to
the Strategic Air Command as the
principal repository of that deter
rent"
The British Prime Minister fore
sees time, two. three or four years
away, when peace could break out
as the result of curious paradox"
of reciprocal deterrents. The point
may come where the two scorpions
in the bottle decide to co-exist
rather than co-destroy, he thinks.
The Soviet Union need not catch
up with United States production.
1t must merely amass enough nu-
clear striking power to devastate
the country. Some Pentagon experts.
say only % H-bombs would be
needed. More. no doubt, would be
required to devastate the Soviet
Union, because 1t is so vast. But
it has a saturatlon point, too.
Sublime Irony
Then. "by a process Of sublime
irony" Sir Winston hopes that all
war can be outlawed.
He admitted, however, that his
deterrent theory does not cover
"lunatics or dictators in the mood
of Hitler . in his final dugout."
He avoided all but cursor
discussion of what would happen if
the Kremlin refused to be cowed
and embarked on a campaign of
intimidation against its fringe of
free-world neighbors first, later
against Americas principal allies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-06
The Horror of 1t

There is an immense gulf" Prime
Minister Churchill told the hushed
House Of Commons, between the
atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb.
The atomic bomb, with all its terror,
did not carry us outside the scope
of human control or manageable
events in thought or action, in peace
or war. But . with the advent
Of the hydrogen bomb the
entire foundation of human affairs
was revolutionized and mankind
placed in situation both measure
less and laden with doom"
Suddenly Sir Winston slapped the
sides of the dispatch box before
him. startling the still House.
1T Is now the fact that a guam
tity of plutonium - probably less
than would fill this box on the table,
and quite a safe thing to store
would suffice to produce weapons
which would give indisputable world
domination to any great power
which was the only one to have it.
There is no absolute defense
against the hydrooen bomb, nor is
any method in sight by which any
nation or any country can be COM
pletely guaranteed against the dew
astating injury which even a score
of them might inflict on wide
regions :"
And with moist Churchillian emo
ton:
1T does not matter SO much to
old people. They are going soon
anyway. But find it poignant to
look at youth in all its activities
and ardor, and most Of all to watch
little children playing their merry
games, and wonder what would lie
before them If God wearied of man
kind"
Not only blast and heat effects
of H-bombs are devastating. Sir
Winston pointed out. But radio
active fallout would have an i'm
mediate direct effect lover at least
1000 square miles, the United States
learned earlier this month"; and IAN
indirect effect through animals,
grass and vegetables. which pass on
these contagious to human beings
through food" This could lead to
poisoning or starvation or BOTH
Hope for universal disarmament.
either conventional or nuclear, is
very slim. he pointed out, because
the Soviet Union shuns inspection.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-06
,eview of The Week. Churchill Warns of H-War Horror

istration officials were admitting 1t.
it seemed likely that Mr.. Eisen-
hover had Just made an unfortunate
mistake. No move by Chang against
the Chinese mainland could be de-
fined as aggression. The Com
munists, as much as the Nationalist,
look on their differences as civil
war.
On the other hand. the implica-
ton that President Eisenhower
would be extremely reluctant to sup
port Chang on a drive back to the
mainland has been common knowl-
edge for a long time. on Formosa,
in Peiping. and throughout the
world.
The Communists, meanwhile, con-
tinued their buildup around the key
offshore islands of Quemoy and
Matsu. Secretary Dulles visited
Taipei on his way home from the
Bangkok conference last week, but
he kept everybody guessing still
Chang included-on whether the
United States would help the Ma
tionalists hold the two strategic
coastal island positions.
Yesterday there were rumors that
Chang might voluntarily abandon
Matsu.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-06
Vests Deterrent Power Held to Be
Best Chance to Word Off Holocaust

Sir Winston Churchill octogenaan of the worlds statesmen
took mankind soemn the hand last week and walked the edge
of the cliff Then mankind stared briefly into the pit of horrors
that is the Hydrogen
For all who have cared look the threat hydrogen
sighfor pointed
the bring
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-06

A party led by man who is o
friend of the United States tbut
would like also to be a friend Of
Communist China) won the Jspa-
nese national elections last week.
He is Ichiro Hatoyama, once
purged from political life by the
American occupation. but now Ja-
pans prime minister. His Demo-
cratic Party, a conservative group.
beat former Premier Shigeru Yo-
shida's Liberal Party, also conserva-
tive, by a healthy margin; and the
two right-wing groups combined
overwhelmed the Socialist and Com
munist parties almost two to one.
Mr.. Hatoyama's Democrats won
1875 seats in the Diet, displacing the
Liberals as the majority party The
Liberals elected 1l2 members,
Spokesman for the Liberals say
they will probably support Mr..
Hatoyama in organization OF Parlia-
ment. That will give the Democrats
a firm maiority--234 votes are nee
essary-but 1t will not supply this
two-thirds needed to amend the con-
stitution and permit rearming Of
Japan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-06
Then What?

Although Mr. Churchill says the
Soviet Union is not very far along
with its hydrogen bombs owe be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-06
Southeast Asia

Secretary Dulles, on his way from
Bangkok to Taipei. stopped last week
to give conditions in Indo- China
the once-over.
In Vientiane, administrative cap
ital Of tiny, backwoodsy Laos, Mr..
Dulles talked with the Crown Prince
and Premier (the King was farther
up in the hills consoling his equity
self with the attentions Of his 20
wives). The Secretary of State told
the Laotian officials they could feel
free to move against internal sub
version. secure in the knowledge that
external aggression would bring
immediate American retaliation.
AS far as Laos pitifully weak
army is concerned. Mr.. Dulles said
plans are being made to train
Laotian soldiers under American
auspices in neighboring Thailand.
Combodion Surprise
In Prom PENN. capital of Cam
bodia. strange things were happen
ing even while Mr.. Dulles was talk
ing with the luXury-loving, popular,
33-year-old King, Norodom Shan
ouk. The young monarch heard the
Secretary pledge aid against outside
aggression (internal subversion is
not a big threat in Cambodia), and
warn that Americans must have a
bigger say in the military training
of CambodianS. The King then told
Mr.. Dulles his plans for a springtime
election really popularity con-
test with himself as the only entry.
Two days later, the King abdicated
in favor of his father, Prince Moro
dom Suramarit, for no apparent rea-
son.
Assurance to Diem
In Saigon, capital of Wet Nam,
the Secretary pledged to Premier
Ngo Dinh Diem American support
of Wet Nam in general and the Pre-
mier in particular. Diem had been
worried lest the United States go
along with French desires to elimi-
nate Diem as the chief political force
in Wet Nam. Don't worry, Mr..
Dulles told the Premier, explaining
that he had no intention OF acceding
to the French.
This assurance apparently was no
spur-o f-the-moment statement by
Mr.. Dulles. Last Friday-three days
after Mr.. Dulles talk with Diem-the
White House released the text of o
letter from President Eisenhower to
Wet NameSe Chief of State Bao DAT.
dated February 10. giving virtually
identical assurances.
After his talk with Diem, Mr..
Dulles met with French officials, to
assure them in their turn that ths
United States has no designs on
Frances economic primacy In Indo-
China.
His work In the Associated States
completed, Mr.. Dulles headed for
Americas TOUGHEST Asian outpost,
Formosa.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-03-06
Five Races

America and the Soviet Union and,
to lesser extent, Great Britain. are
engaged In five ornaments races to-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-01-07
D. ,hs As.seioisd Prs..

WACO. Tex, Jan. 7-Peace.
It's wonderful!
Clifton st. Clair and his family
yearned for the idyllic peace Of
the central Texas countryside.
A few weeks ago Mr.. st. Clair
and his family moved from the
residential section Of this city
Of l07, 900 to the edge of the city
in Q rural setting. Now neither
the H-bomb nor any other la
bility Of more populated places
holds terrors for the family.
The first week a putane gas
tank being installed at the new
home exploded and set the house
afire.
Then q rabid skunk bit Mr..
st. Glars two dogs.
These events followed in quick
order:
A mother 'possum set up
housekeeping in the chicken
house, with a steady diet Of
chickens.
Mama Postum bit Mama st.
Clair on the hand while the lat
ter tried to evict her.
A poisonous snake fell into the
st. Clair well and had to be
fished out.
A niece came to visit from
Oklahoma--and almost tainted
at breakfast one morning when
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-01-07

various committees which have
to study and report on the series
81 treaties do not resume work
until next week. This process
usually takes nearly q month.
Expeeted = Accept Dates.
The Steering Committee IS
expected to accept the dates
recommended by the government
parties. who can easily outvote
the Socialist opposition in the
committee.
The Bundestag gave prelimi-
nary approval on 4 first reading
December Is to all the pacts,
which give West Germany sover-
eighty. authorize rearmament as
q member Of NATo. provide for
allied troops to remain IN Ger
many and Europeanize z the
disputed Saar territory.
They now need two more
readings in the Bundestag be-
fore being passed back to the
Bundesrat upper house, for
final approval.
Unpopularity Of the French
German Saar agreement in West
Germany poses a danger to
smooth completion Of this
process. But Chancellor Aden-
auer is going to try for clarified
ton Of the agreement in talks
with French Premier Pierre
Mendes-France in Baden Baden
next week.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-01-07
Highway Supervisor
Acquitted After Trial
On Charge by Girl, 3.

An Arlington highway con-
struction supervisor was found
not guilty yesterday Of a charge
Of subjecting q 9-year-old girl
to vicious and immoral inso-
lences."
A five-member all-male jury
reported Its finding to Circuit
Judge Walter T: Mccarthy after
celebrating an hour.
The charge had been placed
against Oliver s., Hough, 81, Of
the 1000 block Of North Cleve-
land street, one Of a number Of
highway construction supervisors
for the county.
Trial Takes Two Days.
In the course Of the two-day
trial. the girl and her 7-year-old
sister told the jury they had been
molested In a brush area near
their home by q man they
Identified as Mr.. Hough.
Both Mr.. Hough and his wife
testified he was at home during
the entire afternoon the offense
was alleged to have taken place.
DR.. Charles E. Harmon, former
resident physician at Arlington
Hospital, who examined the two
girls and their 4-year-old sister
at Arlington Hospital after they
told their parents they had been
molested, testified his exan1ina-
ton revealed no sign Of injury
to any of the girls.
Suspended From Job.
Mr.. Hough was arrested on
September IS and released on