davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-03-02

writer, perceives the enormous
pull of the new medium, TV,
and he wants to anticipate its
political effects. Congress is in
a position to do so If it chooses
because through the Federal
Communications Commission
It exercises a very real power
over the property rights of the
TV networks.
The immediate challenge
actually is to the networks,
which have not hitherto been
distinguished either for cour-
age or creative imagination in
the political field. They could
strike a blow for free enter
prise by figuring out the an
swers for themselves and COM
ing up with a plan to the
major parties and, if need be.
to Congress.
For one thing is certain. If
Senator Neuberger's warnings
prove accurate, the defeated
party through its representa-
tives in Congress will take ac-
ton. 1t could be punitive and
less intelligent than foresight
might dictate.
But no party is going to let
itself be beaten with an instru-
ment to whose management
the party has access. as it does
In this case.
Evening star., 1955-03-02
Doris FIeeson-
A Short Presidential Campaign
Neuberger Believes Abbreviated Drive Will Make
Big Money More Dominant on Political Scene

Only one member of the
Authors League of America
has ever been elected to the
United States Senate. His en-
emies are the first to proclaim
him an expert in the fine art
of publicity for himself and
the causes on which he has
built his career.
Possibly then, Author -Sena-
tor Richard Neuberger. Demo-
crat. of Oregon, though a
freshman, may attract some
attention to his misgivings
about the innovation of short
presidential campaigns. He
will air his opinions on the
Senate floor soon and they will
be aimed chiefly at his fellow
Democrats.
Senator Neuberger warns
that the shorter campaigns
will make big money more
dominant than ever in our po-
litical life. They will not re-
duce the sums available, he
feels. but will merely mean
that these sums can be con-
centrated more decisively and
effectively.
He anticipates that the
Democratic presidential nomi-
nee will have the smaller purse
and will be running against
President Eisenhower. There
Evening star., 1955-03-02

ticipate q radical change in
the political picture, to which
American engagement in the
Pacific will contribute.
Then. sooner or later, q
situation will. I venture to pre-
dict, arise similar to that at
tending the rise of Hitler
which was made possible by
the wide split between an un-
popular parliament and the
people: Not a recrudescence of
Naziism or a rush toward So
Wet communism, but q re-
markable rehabilitation of the
German masses, a kind of
national bolshevism, bringing
with 1t the complete downfall
of the new bourgeoisie, a COM
promised Christianity. and
possibly a military Dictator
ship, which would not be a
"bulwark against Russia" but
would come to terms with
Russia.
Germany is not at all what
it was eight, five, or even
three years ago. Our policy
makers and even our corre-
spondents need to be fitted
with new eyeglasses.
Evening star., 1955-03-02

curity.' numerous sins are be-
ing committed. The welfare of
the Nation Is of supreme i'm
portance, but the right Of an
individual to life, liberty. and
the pursuit Of happiness is
one Of supreme importance.
too. The Constitution does not
allow one to be condemned
without trial, it does not per-
NIT one to be judged guilty of
charges of which he has no
knowledge. But that is happen
ing in our Government at this
time.
Today our Government
agencies are accused of every
thing short Of treason by ir-
responsible persons. The faith
Of the American people in the
Government is being UNDER
mined by viliflers seeking self
ACKNOWLEDGMENT. In order to
restore this waning faith of
the people, agencies are forced
to sacrifice all upon whom the
breath Of suspicion falls
How this must give aid and
comfort to our enemies! Those
enemies in our midst are
united on a definite plan Of
action and are slowly but in
evitably putting it into force.
The ghosts of Marx and Lenin
must be chuckling over the
distrust and disunity that
decadent capitalists are cauS-
ing among themselves-pre-
pairing the way for commu-
nism.
Nov is the time to cease
seeing enemies on all sides, to
stop this persecution Of inno-
cent people under the label of
security Of the Nation The
American way is 20 let a man
know what charges have been
brought against him and give
him q chance to defend him
self. Otherwise, what we con-
denim in others we shall find
being used by ourselves.
Joseph s. Petersen, jr.
Washington"
Evening star., 1955-03-02
Attacks on Security Setup
Petersen, Now in Jail for Steolne NSA Secrets,
In 1850 Denounced u. S. Spy-Detecton System
Dovid Lowrence-

Who is attacking the secu-
rity system Of the Government
today and attempting to dis
credit it? Many well-meaning
persons. thoroughly patriotic,
are doing some Of it, but 1t so
happens coincidentally that
this form of attack has for
some time been engineered
also by persons who them
selves turn out later to be in
volved in violations Of the Sc
curity system.
Thus this correspondent has
just received a clipping from
the August 90, 1850. issue Of
the Washington Post. which,
in its letters to the editor"
column. innocently printed a
communication from Joseph s.
Petersen, jr., who now is in
jail. He pleaded guilty in De-
cember. 1854, to the theft of
secrets from the National Sc
curity Agency but In 1850 ap-
peared to be just an indignant
letter writer. Yet from March,
l948. through December, 1852,
according to the evidence at
his trial, Petersen was giving
to a representative of a Euro
pean government messages
and documents which he was
not authorized to transmit and
the foreign government was
not authorized to receive.
So vital was the secret ma
terial that the Department Of
Justice, for security reasons,
did not disclose at the trial
all the coded documents that
were stolen by Petersen.
How did Petersen escape
detection for nearly five years?
Evidently the security system
was not strong enough. But
Petersen himself boldly wrote
to a Washington newspaper
vigorously con d e m ming the
very system he was violating.
Here is the full text Of his
letter:
Under the guise Of 'se-
Evening star., 1955-03-02

month-long visit to the British
West Indies. 1t has been the
first solo royal tour for Queen
Elizaoeth's 24-year-old sister.
United States soldiers, sailors
and airmen gave her an advance
sendoff yesterday when she
visited the nearby island OF
Eleuthera. Her plane landed
there at a United States guided
missile testing base.
No missiles were testing as the
Princess winged in. It was a
holiday for the United States
personnel, and Air Force and
Army trucks and jeeps brought
$500 men, women and children
from nearby settlements.
Evening star., 1955-03-02

It would be q mistake for
anyone to generalize about all
those who write letters to
newspapers just because the
Petersen letter reveals insin-
cerity and duplicity. But some
Of the people who are attack
Ing the security system are
exultantly talking about Har-
vey Matusov's lies as proving
that all ex-Communists are
liars. Such generalizations are
ill-founded. and the case of
the Petersen letter underlines
how imports it is to take
every incident separately and
weigh the factors in the light
of the circumstances in each
case.
There are some letter writer's
who are guilty of writing lies
to newspapers. even including
their own names and addresses.
Again and again, as some of
these persons are addressed,
the post Office returns the let
ters with a notation that the
individuals are unknown at
the address given. 1t is q Com
munist trick to use phony
names, and some day it may
prove advisable to print names
and addresses so that the
neighbors can check as to
whether anyone of that name
lives at the address given.
Many letters come from Com
munists, but there is no way
for a newspaper to know who
they are, though sometimes
the argument or the language
parallels exactly the articles
in Communist newspapers.
The art of propaganda is
well known to-the Communists
in this country, and the de-
vice of letters to the editor
has in the last few years be-
come a powerful means Of
creating confusion and Of at
tacking the security measures
being taken by the National
Government.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1955-03-02
The Two CoIossi With Clay Feet
We Have Overestimoted the Might Of China and Russio
Despite Many Machines, They Are Weak in Air, Sea

Kronstad while the Red naval
forces in the Black Sea were
distinguishing themselves by
avoiding combat with the few
ships the Nazis sent there.
Numerical superiority in ma
val warfare counts for little
unless the officers and crew
know how to fight" their
ships. This was amply shown
In the last war In the Medi-
terranean when relatively
small British detachments de-
feated superior Italian naval
forces. But it was far better
demonstrated In the Pacific
in the early stages of our war
against Japan.
The fact that the Reds have
now succeeded in building up
many modern naval units does
not mean in the slightest that
they have a fighting navy. In
adequately fought" ships 60
to the bottom very fast. And
there is nothing to indicate
that the Soviet navy of today,
is an improvement over that of
the Czars.
China is the real colossus on
clay feet. 1t has enormous
manpower. Peiping could call
so million men to the colors
on the basis Of its estimated
800 million population. But it
lacks the industrial capacity to
provide even 5 per cent of its
men with the wherewithal to
tight. Besides, the record Of
the Chinese armies is not good.
In the last war Japan overran
the most important sections Of
the country in spite Of the
vast manpower resources avail
able to the Chinese govern
ment.
If the two Communist
colossi appear frightful and to
many "invincible" this think
ing is due to fear and un.,
willingness to see the differ.
ence between a stage and a
jungle tiger.
Nobody wants a big or q
small war. It solves nothing
and tends to further destroy
the fabric of our civilization.
But the best way to get into
shooting affrays is to become
cowed by an overestimation Of
the enemy's strength.
Evening star., 1955-03-02
Top Officials Doubt
New Airport Need,
BroyhiII Declares

Top Administration officials
indicate Washington may not
need a new air field to take Ma
tional Airport's overflow, Rep
resentative Broyhill, Republican,
of Virginia, said today.
And even If a new field Is
found necessary, construction is
not imminent, he added in a
statement released to the press.
However, a Civil Aeronautics
Administration press informant
said Mr.. Broyhill apparently
hadn't consulted CAA officials.
CAA officials have made fire.
quent explanations of the need
for relievin gNational. And, the
press aide said, "CAA has not
made any public statements to
the contrary"
KeaSsureS Fairfax.
Mr.. Broyhill said his Fairfax
County constituents, concerned
over renewed talk about q field at
Burke, needn't be as gun-shy as
they think" He added he was
dropping plans for q poll of
county feeling toward the Burke
proposal.
II q secondary commercial
airport is inevitable, he said, "I
don't think there's any question
1t would have to be-and should
be constructed in Virginia"
However, Burke would not
necessarily be the site. he said.
"It could be Chantilly or some
other location"
Sees Other Relief.
Mr.. Broyhill said top admin
istration officials-and I'm talk
ing about the top, now" led him
to believe Nationals overload
might be relieved by several
ways.
He, said they are considering
changes in air procedure. NOV
ing the Military Transport Serv-
ice from National. eliminating
some Anacostia Naval Air Sta
tion traffic, and possible use Of
Friendship Airport near Balti-
more or Andrews Air Force Base.
or combinations of these solu-
tions.
Evening star., 1955-03-02
Constantine Brown

The actual might Of the So
Wet and Chinese Communist
forces has been greatly over
estimated. according to realis-
tic evaluations Of the power
Of our enemies.
The Reds have vast num-
bers OF ground troops and an
almost inexhaustible man
power. In the USSR their
training and quality is good.
The Russian soldier has ira
ditionally been a courageous
fighter. particularly when he
fought against an invader. He
is not patriotic in the West
ern meaning but he is strongly
attached to the patch of land
which gives him his meager
living.
The vastness of the USSR
and lack Of adequate COM
munications gives its armies
elbow room. Faced with an
enemy's superior skill they
give up ground. But when the
hostile forces become mired
they counterattack and defeat
them. Throughout the CEN
turies. from Souvarov to Zhu-
kov. Russia has produced gen.
erals who made their mark as
f1rst-class strategists and tao
ticians. But never have the
Russian armies been success
full in overrunning other coun-
tries by themselves.
In the Napoleonic wars the
Russians entered Paris only
with the assistance of the
Prussians, Austrians and Brit
ish. In the wars against the
Turks, they won victories by
buying the then corrupt Turk
ish generals. In the last war
they would not have pene-
trated Germany and entered
Berlin without the help Of the
American and British armies
and our vast contribution of
war material.
Masses of manpower-even
If well trained-can win no
wars these days unless strongly
supported by air and naval
power. We know that Russia
has at least 10000 modern
planes. But machines alone are
not SUFFICIENT. It Is a matter Of
serious speculation whether
the Red flyers are up to
Evening star., 1955-03-02

scratch. They can be judged
only by past performances.
And these are encouraging for
our side.
The tens Of thousands Of
planes we gave the USSR in
the last war were used only for
tactical purposes-and then
with only mediocre results.
Nazi flyers bested the enemy
unless the Russians had enor-
m Gus numerical superiority.
The American and British air
forces had to do the Commu-
nists' job whenever strategic
bombing was necessary.
The box score in Korea was
almost unbelievable. In actual
air combat the West lost one
plane to 10 MICS downed. And
according to available reports
SO per cent Of the crews were
Russians. Courage alone in air
battles is not sufficient. First
class flying requires skill and
quick reactions, which the
Reds apparently lack.
Mere possession Of atomic
bombs is not enough. Their
use to good advantage requires
superior flying skill and 1t is
doubtful If the Red aviators
have, it.
The USSR has built in
the last 10 years a navy which
is now rated by naval experts
as the second largest in the
world. Its power is estimated
at 80 powerful cruisers, 500
modern submarines and many
auxiliaries. But In naval war
fare the skill of lighting the
ship" is more important than
the quality Of the vessel. Here.
once more, we must judge the
Reds by their. past perform.
ances. Throughout his tory
these have been lamentable.
In the Russo-Japanese war the
Russian Pacific feet COM
manded by Admiral Makrov
was surprised and destroyed by
the Japanese at Port Arthur.
An armada dispatched to the
Far East under Admiral Rosj-
destwensky was annihilated in
the battle of TSushima by a
smaller force led by Admiral
Togo.
In the last war the Soviet
Baltic fleet was bottled up at
Evening star., 1955-03-02
Dorothy Thompson

Now, in this spring of 1855,
the United States, in its for
eign relations, is in the most
critical and dangerous posi-
ton since the war, both in
Asia and Europe.
AS I understand the speech
Of Secretary Dulles of Febru-
ary 17-and as it will certainly
be understood by the Chinese
the United States Govern
ment intends to support Chang
Kai-shek in using force to hold
the offshore islands Of Que
moy, Matsu, and possibly 9TH
ers, unless or until the Peiping
regime formally abandons its
claims on Formosa and the
Pescadores.
Whatever military consid-
erations may prompt this de-
cision. 1t is a political and
psychological catastrophe. The
object of the Moscow -Peiping
policy is to divide the allies
and isolate the United States.
And nowhere. and on no other
issue, will we have almost all
the world against us. Whether
or not the rest of the world
Is right" or wrong" and
whether we like it or not, this
Is fact. II we encourage
Chang to fight over those
Islands, right off the shores Of
the mainland, we will be de-
nounced as aggressors from
the tribunes of the neutrals
and IN the press of our pre-
sumptive allies.
If we assume that the
Soviet bloc is actually con-
templating a showdown at the
risk Of war, there would be
no better place for the Com
munists to encourage hostili-
ties. and no better propa-
ganda issue for them to cover
them with. If the Commu-
nists mean business, the strug-
gle for the islands, followed
by a struggle for Formosa,
can be long and costly. Un-
less we start by grounding
Chfang's planes as far as the
islands are concerned, we will
fight alone with more than
half the world convinced we
are the aggressors, and we
will be fighting against over
whelming numerical superior
ity, against which we have
never yet won d war. A large
Evening star., 1955-03-02
els Cheer Margaret
On Eve Of Trip Home
BY the Assoeioted Press

NASSAU, Bahamas, Mar. o.
Princess Margaret didn't get to
the United States on her first
visit to the New World, but the
cheers Of some 500 United States
servicemen are among the final
American memories she is taking
home today.
The Princess was scheduled to
take off from Nassau for London
at 1915 pm. (E. s. T.) in the
British Overseas Airways strato-
cruiser Canopus, ending her
Evening star., 1955-03-02
U. S. Productivity
Seen Increasing

NEW YORK. "A Twentieth
Century fund study indicates
that by 1860 the American labor
force could. under emergency
conditions, turn out more than q
third more goods and services
than under normal conditions
and about three fourths again 40
much as in 1914.
In that peak World War II
year the gross national product.
m easured in 1850 dollars.
amounted to $2sS billion.
Evening star., 1955-03-02
Australia Cleans Up
After 40 Die in Flood
By the Asseeioied Prs,s

SYDNEY, Australia, Mar. o.
Residents of towns and villages
in western New South Wales
pushed q vast cleanup today as
floodwaters slowly receded. Only
a few small communities were
still endangered.
The death toll was placed at
40. Police flood relief headquar-
ters said this was considered q
minimum figure. but the exact
total probably never will be de-
termined.
Evening star., 1955-03-02
Maybank Relatives Here
For Senate Memorial


The Senate scheduled memo
rial services today for the late
Senator Burnet Maybank, DEM
ocrat, of South Carolina.
Senator Maybank, a native Of
Charleston, died September /,
1854 in Flat Rock, N. C.
Here for the services today
were his widow. the former Mary
Randolph Pelzer Cecil of
Charleston; his son. State Rep
resentative Burnet Rhett May
bank. jr., Of Greenville; his
daughters, Elizabeth de Rosset
Maybank Of Charleston, and Mrs.
William F. Prioleau, jr., Of Co
lumbia; and his brother, Jack
Maybank of Charleston.
Evening star., 1955-03-02
Train Wreck Kills 13

SAC PAULo, Brazil, Mar. 2 (P)
Police said at least 13 persons
were killed and 120 injured when
six cars of a railway train over
turned near here yesterday
Forty-five of the injured were
reported in serious condition.
Evening star., 1955-03-02

We pay tribute to our national brand manufacturers
/. . featuring National Brand Week." March to 10.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-10
BIGGER REWARD
DEMANDED FOR
DOGS RETURN

LOUISVILLE. KY. B.-
Paul Tungett,s offer of SO
to the finder of two lost
beagle pups got results, but
not the pups.
Mr.. Tungett said a man
answering his newspaper ad
telephoned an accurate de-
scription Of the dogs, but
held out for a bigger reward.
That's blacklnail or some
thing" the distraught owner
complained.
He said the caller hung up
when he refused to increase
the offer. He placed q value
of SIS each on the pups and
said their mother, worth
500, accidentally hanged
herself when they slipped
away. She was strangled
by her leash when she
scrambled over a 4-foot
fence.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-10
Group Moy Study
Sc Race Coveruqe

CHICAGO. Oct. 10 R.-A
5000 grant to determine the
feasibility Of a study Of the
American press performance
during the 1856 presidential
campaign was announced yester-
day BY the Fund for the Re-
public. Inc.
The grant has been made to
the Association for Education In
Journalism and viii be under
taken by its afiiliated group, the
Council on Communications Re-
search.
Alden Waite, national presi-
dent of Sigma Delta Chi, and
Kenneth r. Marvin. incoming
president Of the association,
jointly announced the grant.
Mr.. Waite and Mr.. Marvin
said the project was proposed by
Sigma Delta Chi's National Com
mittee on Ethics and News OBJ
jectivity, of which Norman e.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-10
Soviet Housing
Experts in West

FORT WAYNE. Ind. Oct. 10
R.-A delegation Of 10 Soviet
housing experts. already ac-
quainted with New England CO.
Ilonial architecture and New
York's skyscrapers, got its first
look today at a midwestern
American city-and a factory
making prefabricated houses.
Arriving here last night after
two days in Boston and New
York. the group apparently
ignored signs such as Com
munists: Get out of the Ukraine"
and How many millions in your
concentration camps?" carried
by a delegation OF Ukranian-
Americans awaiting them at the
airport.
I. K. Kozuilla, head Of the
delegation. described their whirl-
wind tour Of New York and Bos-
ant"
Earlier, the Fort Wayne Vet
Grams Council. an organization
representing all major veterans
service organizations. adopted a
resolution opposing the grant
ing of visas to Soviet groups until
the USSR gives concrete proof
of peaceful intentions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-10
D. the associated Press

The Air Force today named
Maj. Gen. Walter r. Agee. SO. as
the next commander Of its civil
ian auxiliary. the Civil Air Patrol
Gen. Agee win be assigned as
vice commander until Mai. Gen.
Lucas v. Beau. CAP commander
in chief for the past eight years,
leaves active Air Force duty.
Gen. Beau retired from the Air
Force August 81. but was volun-
tarily recalled the next day for
an indefinite term.
Gen. Agee has been COM
mander Of the 332Oth Technical
Training Wing Of the Air Train
ing Command at Amarillo Air
Force Base, Tex. for the past
two years.
He served In the Philippines.
Hawaii and California before
World War II. At various times
during the war he commanded
the 18th Bomb Operational
Training Wing at Biggs Field. 81
Paso, Tex, was chief tactical in
spector of the I'd Air Force. air
inspector Of the Sd Air Force,
commanding ofiicer Of the o0th
Combat Crew Training Wing at
Drew Field. Fla. and in l945, as
sistant chief OF stan for opera
tons Of the Strategic Air Forces,
in Guam.
In January. 1916. Gen: Agee
became chief Of star Of the 5th
Air Force in Tokyo. A year
later he became chief OF air
observation-disclosures in WASH
ington. and In 1850 took COM
mand Of the collection division
Of the intelligence directorate
here.
He also served as commander
Of the seth Air Depot Wing,
Elmendorf Air Force Base.
Alaska. in 1851. and as deputy
commander Of the Alaskan Air
Command In 1852.
Gen. Beau was a pursuit pilot
in World War I and flew Flying
Fortresses and Liberator bombers
in World War II.
Under his command the CAP
grew from q small organization
into q cadet corps Of more than
81 1000 members and Q senior
membership of $1,000 volunteer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-10

Isaacs. managing editor Of the
Louisville Times. Is chairman.
The Fund for the Repubiic
stipulated. In making the grant.
that it is not committed to sup
port such q study. but is In
terested in examining the coun-
ellis ultimate report.
Mr.. Waite and Mr.. Marvin
said the research project will
begin Immediately with. meet
ings scheduled in Chicago Mo-
vember 4. 5 and 6. II the coun-
Gil decides such q study is
feasible, they said. such pro-
posals then would be presented
to major journalistic enterprises
in the Nation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-10-10
Maj. Gen. Agee Named
AS Next CAP Commander

pilots. most Of them war vet
Grams.
The CAP. active in air search
and rescue work. In an emer-
gency can mount an air opera
ton Of $500 small planes and
can put as many as 10000 radio
facilities into use. !