davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-03-04
eighth In A Series)
GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONS AND
TAXES INCREASE

Just why the attempt to write a just
and adequate tax program causes so
much confusion, even hate and fear,
is puzzle to many.
Nearly everyone, it is argued, knows
that government must have revenue
to perform the functions assigned to
it. And, since government enterprise
is now generally frowned on, some way
of taxing the people becomes abso-
lutely necessary.
What may be less clear is the ex-
PLANTATION for the steady rise of taxes
for normal peace-time purposes dur
ing the last half-century. But even
this can be cleared up by merely re-
calling what has been happening IN
America during the last fifty or sew
enty-five years.
During this period, the common peo-
pie resumed some ancient practices
which not only shook our economic
doctrine-of which we shall deal later
but also increased government func-
tions and as a result increased taxes.
They found it necessary to return TO
more group, or cooperative action.
They found that many things they must
do because they are just and right
and many things they wanted to do
to improve their material well being
were too big, or too difficult for the
old idea of each for himself.
The old ideas might have worked
pretty we'll when each pioneer lived
in isolation, they learned. But things
were changing; the country was get
ting more thickly settled; there was a
possibility for and a growing need
felt for more education, more assocla-
ton, better health conditions, and for
better care of the unfortunate-the
homeless, the mentally i'll and handl-
capped.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-03-04

Last week we gave honorable men,
ton to DR.. Ira N. Gabrielson, Chief
Federal fish and wildlife service, who
later became President, Wildlife Man
agement Institute, Washington, d. C.
This Institute was consolidation of
American Game Conference and other
federally controlled organizations
seeking control of the states wildlife.
In 1851 congressman wrote the
Institute for specific information as
to its purpose-officers, source of
funds and copy of their last finan-
cial statement. The reply was, to q
great extent, such Information ICON
fidentiaP', given only to directors.
That is one of the organizations
that helps shape the destiny of Mon
tana's wildlife. Here is another: Ma
tional Wildlife Federation, which
many call federal.
In 1896 at Washington, D. c., was
held the first North American Wild
life Conference, F. A. Silcox, Chief,
Forest Service, chairman; ex-officio
Harold L. Ickes, Secretary of In
terror; Daniel G. Roper, Secretary of
Commerce; Henry A. Wallace, Secre-
tary of Agriculture and from this
conference came the National Wild
life Federation, Ding Darling, former
chief, Bureau of Biological Survey,
president; Carl .. Shoemaker, secre-
tary, Senate Wildlife committee, sec
and from this august body
came the Federal aid to wildlife; Pitt
man Robertson Act. Quote Mr.. Shoe
maker, 81 am the author of the Pitt
Act"
1t was under this act that the Fed
eral Service and State Fish and Game
Commission entered into a co-opera-
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-03-04

home loans by the National Mortgage
Association. In each case, private
money has been borrowed to finance
loans which have been or will be
made by government agencies thus
reducing the amount of money re-
portedly needed by the the Treas
ury. But these loans will have to be
repaid, and with interest.
Then there was the decision to fl
nance some government building pro-
grams outside the budget by contracts
between government and private bust
ness. Examples include the Atomic
Energy Commission for power gen
Grating projects, the Post Office De-
partment and the General Services
Administration for Federal office
buildings and post offices. The re-
port estimated that the Acc spent
$500 million, GSA and the Post Office
Department SIS million, this way in
the past five years. Only the annual
payments of principal and interest
show in the budget.
ihSh 1iiOL Y 40 tl1C VI 1C-
duction of appropriations for the gov
ernment's share of the Civil Service
Retirement Fund. Failure to appro-
pirate almost 81 billion for this pur-
pose for 1854, 1866 and 1856 has
not reduced payments to retired en-
ployees. 1t has not reduced the Fed
eral governments obligation. 1t must
be appropriated sometime. But until
it is, it supports claims that we're
better off financially than we actu-
ally are.
Pending before Congress are a
number of proposals which would
speed up this trend.
President Eisenhower proposes that
S26 billion be raised for huge high
way improvement program in the
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-03-04
FEDERAL BUDGET BECOMING MORE And MORE
G0BBLE de- COOK
By CONG LEE METCALF
BY CONG. LEE METCALF

There was a time when we could
refer to the Federal budget and to
the National debt and tell how we
stood financially. Times have changed.
Today we are spending billions of
dollars outside the budget, which it
self has so changed in form that it
no longer presents a clear picture of
our bank account.
In his budget message to Congress
last month, President Eisenhower pro-
posed that our Federal government
spend 1924 billion next year. He
asked for another increase in the
debt ceiling, noting that the National
debt will rise to $276 billion by June
80, 1866, from the present level of
$2743 billion.
Now we will step outside that
budget and that debt figure.
have just received a report from
the National Planning Association
that shows that changes in the re-
porting of government expenditures
and the timing of tax receipts in the
Federal budget since 1851 have made
the deficit look 1913 billion less than
it actually is.
These changes, all of them perfect
ly legal, have been made by specific
congressional and executive policy de-
cisions. They have just shifted them
from one year to another, merely
postponed payment of part of the
COST They include decisions to handle
outside the budget some government |
loans and building programs and to
make major changes in accounting
procedure.
Loans include those of the Com
modify Credit Corporation, old loans
of the Reconstruction Finance Cor
poration and future purchases of
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-03-04

next 10 years. Once the Treasury
would have borrowed this money, and
it would have been added to the ma
tional debt. The present proposal is
that we set up separate public cor
poration to borrow the money, which
would not show up in the national
debt. The only part of this money
that would be included in the budget
would be the annual payments on in
terest and principal.
President Eisenhower's school con-
struction proposal has the same fea-
lures, and it encourages states and
school districts to resort to the same
evasion.
If enough Federal spending is so
shifted outside the budget there will
come year when an Administration
can proudly claim it has balanced the
budget. By then, however, the budget
will be meaningless, because there viii
be more money outside it than in it.
And at that time, the debt ceiling will
be gone because the money owed by
the government will mostly be bor-
rowed by separate public corporations
none of which is under the debt limita-
ton.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-03-04
State Officials In Line
For Higher Salaries

State officials are slated for sub
stantial increases in salaries after
their next election under terms of
Sub. HB 13 by Wood (D-Chouteau)
as amended. The new salary schedule
along with the present schedule, is:
Governor, from $4,000 to $12,-
500; supreme court chief and associ-
ate justices, $4,000 to 1000; at
torney general, $1,000 to $4,000;
secretary of state, $500 to $500;
public instruction superintendent, &c.
900 to $500; treasurer, $4,000 to
$1,000; supreme court clerk, $4,000
to $4,000; railroad and public service
commissioners, $4,000 to $500.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-03-04
High Cost OF Gasoline
TO Be Looked Into

If the Legislature has its way. it
will take more than glib talk and
volumes of statistics by oil companies
to substantiate the peak gasoline
prices paid by Montanans.
Both houses have now approved
HB Ais by Rep. Schumacher Cd
Phillips) which calls for an appropri-
alton of $4,000 being made to the
Montana Trade Commission for the
purpose of investigating what gives
in oil companies extracting the ma
TONS highest gasoline prices from
Montana motorists.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-03-04
I taxation and Democracy

and in undertaking projects for eco
nomic betterment, the people discov-
cred individual action inadequate.
They were compelled to cooperate
Nothing was more natural than that
they began to work out common prob
lens through the government. In many
cases there was nothing else to do;
the job could not otherwise be done
at all or at least not so well or so ex-
tensively.
The tendencies to add to the num-
Der of state functions and the in
creases in the size of the taxes have
thus come about normally and gradu-
ally as result of economic needs and
the desire to satisfy aspirations. As a
child, did not hear arguments about
economics, philosophy or even parti-
san politics at the meetings. They were
after one thing-to get what most of
them wanted and could get no
other way than by working together.
There is, [ am sure, one more reason
for increased government action to
improve life for all: The common man,
though not so vocal and often not as
educated as some of the more power
full groups has nonetheless exerted a
powerful and lasting influence on gov
eminent.
In spite of conflicting and confusing
theories and definitions of democracy
and government functions he, as few
others, has caught the true spirit of
democracy - the democracy which
means law, justice and the equality
of opportunity for all. AS child often
learns in spite of the teacher, he has
been uplifted and emboldened by the
concept of a democracy inspired by
the doctrine of brotherhood. Somehow
he has caught the idea that his day is
dawning.
He has fearlessly and persistently
fought for social justice. This has
meant, many times, increased taxes
for the common good. Just taxation
has come to be regarded as both
means of altering democracy and an
end of democracy.
additional Chapters in Subsequent
Issues.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-03-04

it should be-sometimes the water had
to be screened out for household use
but it was none the less water The
big problem was to get the cash for
flour, sugar, coffee and tools. This
meant the need for working out. Life
continued to be difficult.
Gradually, more people took up
land; neighbors became more numer-
Gus and close by. The spirit of COM
munity developed; it grew with the
need felt for better roads, schools, fire
protection, sanitation and other needs
to make life better.
Ours was a very mixed community,
containing many nationalities with
differing cultural backgrounds and
many contending religious beliefs. The
way towards group activity and under
standing was thus not easy. But it had
to be travelled. Fortunately all the
people lived under the beneficial in
fluence of the old ''town" govern
ment.
AS | look back and recall expert
ences and stories heard, I'm led to be-
lieve the town meeting" was one of
Americas really great contributions.
1t was at these town meetings-our
town consisted of 21a townships-tha
people of varying beliefs and back
grounds learned to work together.
Here they met to plan and finance
schools, better roads, fire prevention,
and many other things they wanted
but could not get separately. I'm sure
too that it was at these meetings and
the many discussions that followed
that helped SO to erase foolish super
stitions and prejudices.
For my people and for the entire
town this opportunity to learn CO.
operation through the government was
immeasurably beneficial; it was uni
flying, enlightening and conducive to
the democratic way.
But these experiences are not pecu-
liar to one area They represent what
has been taking place everywhere in
America and, explain the tendencies
to increase state functions and taxes.
In their efforts to do many things
that must be done for moral reasons
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-03-04

To achieve these goals, the people
through experience found more group
action necessary.
This change can probably be best
illustrated by me by recounting some
of the experiences and stories of my
early childhood.
For my grandparents, their children
and other immediate relatives, life
in America began in the early sixties
nearly a hundred years ago. Of
these immigrants none were rich; ;
many came over on borrowed money
Whether they hired out as lumber
jacks, sawmill workers or farm hands
or were under contract to work out
their fare, their chief aim was to
acquire their own home. | think the
majority became farmers.
For these people the early days
were difficult; the work was hard,
the hours long, and the necessities for
bare survival were often scarce. But
they were exciting days-immigrants
were becoming owners, citizens, vot-
ers; they were becoming somebody.
For many years they had to content
themselves with eking out bare
existence, paying for their fare lover,
and making ready the home and farm.
That was enough for the time Grand
father, I am told, built his first log
house, after hours, often with the
light from a lantern He worked out
his fare and when the day was over
there was generally little light left. At
first, he had no road out, but as he
had neither oxen nor horses that could
wait.
Before many years-early in the
seventies my earliest American
ancestor, had already established his
family on his own place; he had
cleared some land, owned cows and
was on the way towards better days.
For fuel, there was an abundance
of good hard-oak wood that had to be
cleared off the land anyway. While he
did not have well, there was a spring
a couple hundred yards from the
house, which was adequate for both
beasts and humans. 1t was not what
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1955-03-04

BY J. M. PETERSON, Poison,
Tax Consultant, Joint Tax Committee,
MSFL, Farmers Union & Mine-Mill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-21

Freshly prepared from
the finest ingredients
and mastery blended to
produce the finest tast-
ing product that money
can buy.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1955-04-08

highly secret"
Even at that. there was some
evidence available TO him. One
Arab marauder who was killed
was found TO have on his person
an intelligence report on the traf-
fic on the Faluja-Beersheba road.
Another Arab who was wounded
and captured by the Israeli forces
stated to a United Nations observ-
er that he was an Egyptian agent.
Furthermore. long list Of
Egyptian intelligence Activities. :"
according to the Israeli news
paper. Lamershav. is attached TO
the report as an appendix.
1t is obvious from this that Gen
eral Burns is greatly concerned
about this matter. AS he told the
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1955-04-08
Tallahassee, Florida

Security Council, he did take it.
up with the Egyptians and re-
ceived from them an off-hand
confirmation that such a campaign
of terror was going on, although
they denied any responsibility for
it. That, in a way, is the most
curious and most sensational part
of his testimony. General Burns
says that he informed the Egyp-
tan authorities of the Israeli sus-
picions as to this and then he
adds: "The position of the Egyp-
tan authorities was that persons
committing murders and sabotage
were being inspired, paid and
equipped by political elements in
Egypt inimical to the government,
and DESTROYS Of aggravating the
border situation"
Does this statement mean that
the Egyptian authorities are un-
able to maintain law and order
in their country? That is the ques-
ton being asked here. Nobody
believes that the Egyptian Gov
eminent. while a dictatorship
which has many enemies is so
feeble that it is unable TO rule
effectively. Rather. this is con-
sidered TO be a pretty poor piece
of deception on the, part of the
Egyptian authorities TO cover up
the fact that they were carrying
on this campaign of terror against
Israel using the GAIA strip which
points like d pistol at Tel Aviv as
an operating base.
Some of the marauders who
crossed the border in this organi-
zed guerilla warfare got as far as
40 and so kilometers into Israel.
The truce supervisors report
bears out the Israeli claim that
there have been many more vio-
lations of the armistice agreement
by the Egyptians than by the Is
raelis; it also supports their con-
tention that the Egyptian seizure
of the Israeli Fighter, ''Bat
Calm" and the hanging of two
Jews in Cairo on trumped up spy
ing charges increased the tension
on the border to the breaking
point. However, General Burns
seems to be much more concerned
with this deliberate campaign of
terror which the Egyptians are
waging against Israel; it is this,
in his view, which led to the
retaliation of the GAIA clash.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1955-04-08

AS0kNSAA0AASA~e
General Burns goes into this
point in some detail, and it is
evident that he believes that it is
the real cause of the continuing
border strife, in Palestine. He
quotes an Israeli army spokesman
as telling him that ''the Egyptian
military authorities in the GAIA
Strip were conducting spying and
sabotage operations in Israel ter
ritory," but he complains that he
has not been given much proof of
this. However, the truce super
visor excuses this in way by
saying that the methods of es-
pionage and counter-espionage are
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1955-04-08
D. N. Truce, Chiefs Report On GAIA
BY ARTHUR LEWIS
Copyright, 1885, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, IncO
UNITED NATIONS

UNITED NATIONS
There nothing in the least partisan the claim that
Egypt the other Arab States wagng
campaign Of against Israeli the
AosmonY Of General E. L. Burns Security Council
his the United Nations supervisor that the GAIA
clash have repa FOR spying sabotage and murders
which the Egyptian military intelligence said be
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1955-07-28
YELLOW PERCH
(pprc0 fJO1,pScpnS

RANGE: A native from South
Canada to South Carolina, not
found in lower Mississippi Valley
and bordering States except where
introduced; has been successfully
planted as far west as Pacific
Coast and in many large water
appointments where in some
instances it has supplanted other
desirable species; found through
out most all of Maryland's fresh
waters and brackish tidal waters.
DESCRIPTION: Humpbacked
mostly yellow in color, generally
with from 6 to 8 vertical black
stripes; two distinct dorsal fins,
average size less than pound.
BREEDING: Spawns in the spring
when the temperature of the water
is about so degrees F.; does not
build nest but lays tiny eggs in
long strings contained in a jelly
like mass that expands on contact
with water, and become lodged in
water grasses, and on logs and
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1955-07-28

roots; eggs can be collected and
Matched, the fry or young being
stocked in suitable waters; per-
haps you are familiar with the
spring run of yellow perch up the
Severn River at the Grain High
way (Route 301) where a yellow
perch hatchery is operated by the
Department of Tidewater Fisheries.
HABITS: Travels mostly in
schools; voracious, hence a preda-
tor in some waters; feeds princi-
pally on small fish, shrimp, peeler
or shedder crabs, and worms.
MANAGEMENT: Requires little
protection; there is no closed sea-
son on yellow perch in Maryland
waters; pollution an enemy.
VALUE: In great demand as a
food fish and has a large economic
value as such in Maryland; fur
nishes both sport and food to an
army of anglers from spring
through summer and fall.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1955-07-28
GT'NNiESUiEEe NeEUS

is visiting her sister, Mrs. Malissa
Boucher, and Mr. and Mrs. c. o.
Keller.
Mrs. Catherine Miller, Emmits-
burg, will spend several weeks with
her son and daughter-in-law, Mr.
and Mrs. Christian Miller.
Mr. and Mrs Robert Beachy and
family, GAINESVILLE. o.. were guests
of Mr. and Mrs. Harry j. Bender
Mrs Nevin Broadwater, who has
been patient in Meyersdale Com
munity hospital for the past week,
expects to be moved to the home
of her sister, Mrs. Maust, at Boyn-
ton. as soon as able.
Harry Gnagcy, Pittsburgh, Pa,
who came here to visit his sister
Mrs. Annie Stanton, was taken to
the Meyersdale hospital and is get
ting along satisfactorily.
w. Lee BevanS. Washington. d.
c., who had been a surgical patient
i'm Washington hospital for six
weeks and who has been with his
mother Mrs. Eva b. Beachy the
past six weeks, is improving.
Miss Ronnie Young. RN., Pitts
burgh, Pa, spent the past week
with her parents, Mr. and Mrs.
and Mrs Clair l. Young.
Miss Elaine Young, Grants Pass,
Oregon, is visiting her parents, Mr..
and Mrs Clair | Young.
Glen H. Yoder who had been a
surgical patient in Memorial hos
pital in Cumberland for the past
month, has returned home.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1955-07-28

all of Terra Alta.
The queen and her attendants
have already been made known.
They are Miss Doris Rnne Lohr,
queen, of Fellowsville; Miss Patty
10 Smith, Terra Alta, and Miss Re-
becca Hamilton, Oakland, maids
of honor; Miss Ruth Rexroad,
Bruceton; Miss Betty Wotring,
Aurora; Miss Naomi Morgan, AL
bright; Miss Charlotte Teets, Tun-
Melton; Miss Shirley Cook, Rowles-
burg; Miss Rosina Clara, Mason
town Miss Irma Stone, Reeds
vile; Miss Carole Bobo, King
wood; Miss Louella Isner, New
burg; Miss Kathryn Radabaugh,
Arthurdale; and Miss Shirley Col
Inns, Terra Alta, as princesses.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1955-07-28
To Attend Stuff College

Lieutenant Colonel William c.
Robinson, son of Mr.. and Mrs. Err
nest c. Robinson, 1901 Edmondson
Avenue, Gainesville, will leave
Headquarters, Air Materiel Com
mand, July % to attend the Armed
Forces Staff College, Norfolk, Va.
Colonel Robinson has been as
sistant executive to the Commander
and chief of the Legislative Liai-
son Division of Air Materiel Com
mand since August, 1854. Earlier,
he had been chief of the Office of
Inspection in the Directorate of
Procurement and Production for 20
months He came to Air Materiel
Command in September 1851, as
chief of the Legislative Liaison
Division.
A native of Gainesville, the colo
mel is a graduate of the high school
there and of Western Maryland
College, where he received his
bachelor of arts degree. He en-
tered military service in June, 1941,
week after being commissioned a
second lieutenant
During World War II, Colonel
Robinson served as a navigator
with the 18th Air Force in Italy,
participating in 10 B-24 missions
He has been awarded the Air
Medal and is rated an aircraft OBJ
server.
From October, 1945 to Septem-
ber 1851, the colonel was executive
officer of the Directorate of Pub
lie Relations at Headquarters, U.
S. Air Force, Washington, d. c.
The colonel is married to the
former Jane Fraley, daughter of
Judge and Mrs Neil c. Fraley, of
Oakland The Colonel and his wife
are the parents of two sons, Neil, 6,
and Stephen, 4. The colonels
classes will start August IS and
continue for % weeks. His wife and
children will accompany him to
Norfolk.