davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-06-26
Military

When the Senate took up the de-
fense appropriation bill it was con-
fronted with this situation: The
Pentagon wanted $32,232,8l5, 900
for the fiscal year beginning July /.
The money would buy a myriad Of
items, but would necessitate reduc-
tions in ground and naval forces.
There would be small increase In
air forces.
Senator Stuart Symington, for
mer Secretary Of the Air Force. and
one Of the best qualified Senators
to judge the Air Force program. in
sisted the budget request was dam
gerously small. He said the United
States leads Russia in only one cat
egory Of air power-medium bomb
Evening star., 1955-06-26

anyone willing to face reality there was copious evil
dence that the peace dove San Francisco
only illusion Conversely for anyone believing the power
of loud talk there plenty of oratory about
occasion the United Nations 10th birthday party
affair conceived feast Of reconciliation The labor
pains u MS birth had long been forgotten and even more
recent EastWest wrangles obscured in fog Of San
Francisco hospitality At the start Of the festivities there
seemed ground for hope that Russia would her party
manners
But such hope overlooked the vnegary dlspoSton OF
Vyacheslav MikhaIovich Mootov
Evening star., 1955-06-26

ers. Russia apparently leads. he
said, In long-range bombers, light
bombers, fighters and guided mis-
siles.
More Fighters Wonted
Mr.. Symington wanted to add
money for more Jet fighters and
wanted to hold the Marine Corps
at 2l5,00 men instead Of dropping
it to l93, 1000 as the President re-
quested. But Republican Senators
urged that the Senate accept Pres
ident Eisenhower's Judgment on de-
tense levels, as modified slightly by
economy" cuts and readjustments
made in the Appropriations Com
mittee.
Senator Symington found insuffi-
cient support for his proposal to
boost the Air Force, but he did sue
ceed In bringing his Marine Corps
amendment to q vote. Democrats
supported him. and. by 40 to 80. the
amendment carried.
It was the first refusal by either
House Of Congress to accept the
Presidents judgment on a major
military matter.
As finally voted, the bill carried
$31, 1872, ,915, ,726. It was sent to con-
ference to be reconciled with the
House figure OF $31 .488 ,206, 900.
Since the Symington amendment
was approved by only one vote. Its
survival at the conference negotia-
ti6ns was far from q sure thing.
But Senate Democrats still had
shown the President that they were
capable Of rejecting his military
advice.
Evening star., 1955-06-26
Dulles Rebutto1

Secretary Dulles thrust aside Mr..
Molotov's seven-point first phase.
There is one extremely simple
method Of bringing an end to what
is called the cold war;" Mr.. Dulles
told the U.N. audience. Observe
the Charter Of the United Nations"
He had earlier punetured the ball
loon Of Soviet self-righteouSness.
Only U.N. strength. buttressed by
regional defense pacts in which the
United States associated with A
nations, forced the Kremlin to its
recent reasonableness. he pointed
out.
In Korea, he recalled. "The ag-
gression had failed. Then. and only
then, did the aggressor accept an
armistice and end the killing"
In Indo- China, he claimed, the
threat of collective action in South
east Asia had helped bring an
armiStice.
In Austria, courage sustained by
the moral backing Of friendly pow
ers permitted the AuStrians to hold
out until Soviet blocking Of the
treaty was no longer profitable.
In Yugoslavia, military and eco
nomic help from nations which
differed from its government in
almost every respect except for
one, namely. the right Of Yugosla-
via to be truly independent, SOW
ereign nation" sustained Tito until
the Kremlin came around.
I'm Germany, the Soviet Union is
merely getting around to arranging
diplomatic and economic relations
that the West has enjoyed for many
years.
In japan, Moscow is only now
agreeing to talk about q peace
treaty while most of the world made
its peace with Nippon four years
ago.
TT is not unprecedented to see
men make q virtue of necessity"
Mr.. Dulles said. He suggested the
UN continue, for its part. to make
virtue O necessity "by O stalwart
thwarting Of efforts to subvert our
character"
Later, on Friday, ex-President
Harry 8. Truman, who had led
the UN into its boldest adventure
in Korea, told the global gathering
he favored the round Of diplomatic
negotiations that had been sched-
uled.
"It may not be possible to make
sudden or vast strides in these
conferences, but agreement even in
some things will be a gain," he
said.
He stressed the Importance of
world disarmament II the present
world is to survive, and added: II
believe that in time effective dis
armament is possible"
But as all free world diplomats
freely admitted, and some even
stressed. Gin time" probably meant
in long, long time.
Evening star., 1955-06-26

the whole Senate as publicly as pos
sible.
SO the committee voted unani-
mously to send the bill to the floor
with q recommendation Of disap-
proval.
During debate Senator Mccarthy
tried to modify and then withdraw
his resolution, but even g. o. p.
Floor Leader william Knowland
got tough and insisted the Senate
face the Mccarthy issue.
On the showdown vote. n Sen
aAors opposed Senator Mccarthy
Evening star., 1955-06-26
MoIotov's Blueprint

President Eisenhower,s visit to
San Francisco last Monday served a
twofold purpose. He got close
look at the opposition (see picture)
and he made ringing declaration
of American faith in the United
Nations and It's principles. I'VE
shall reject no method, however
novel, that holds out any hope.
however faint, for just and lasting
peace" he said.
Mr.. Molotov put the accent on
peace, too. But he also produced
q preposterous blueprint for cas-
ing world tensions. His method was
reminiscent Of the plan President
Eisenhower had advanced in April.
1858. Mr. Molotov even picked up
Mr.. Eisenhower's words-and-deeds
idea. I'VE should pass from words
to Deeds" he said in his Wednesday
address, "and embark upon such
steps as would lead to the estab-
lishment Of the necessary trust
among nations"
He proposed . two-phase pro-
gram for peace: First, create an
atmosphere Of trust; second, dis
arm.
First Phoss
He listed seven steps which could
increase mutual trust and, IN ef-
feet. end the cold war:
. Stop war propaganda.
Q Withdraw from all foreign bases.
0 Develop peaceful uses Of atomic
energy and pass on the technical
assistance to backward countries.
Q Withdraw all foreign forces from
Germany.
0 Settle Far Eastern questions Tin
favor of Red China).
o End trade embargoes.
Q Expand cultural ties through ex-
change Of delegations and develop
ment Of tourism."
Second Phose
Having made progress in the
settlement OF these important ana
urgent problems" Mr.. Molotov said.
this would help create the
necessary conditions for the imple-
mentation Of the program Of gen.
eral reduction Of armaments and
the complete prohibition Of atomic
weapons with genuine international
control"
He repeated in detail the Soviet
disarmament proposal made public
last May 10, emphasizing the fea-
lures Of the plan which had been
first proposed by the West. This
was an interesting acknowledge
ment, In itself, one that had not
been made at the time the new
Soviet plan was released. Pur-
pose Of the admission was to smoke
the West out.
TT IL up to the q. 8. A.-and other
Western powers to make the next
move" Mr.. Molotov said. The tone
Of the talk seemed to indicate the
Reds would be willing to make more
concessions on disarmament later.
Earlier IN his speech. he had
Evening star., 1955-06-26

On Monday, to be sure, the So
Wet Foreign Minister readily accept
ed the Western Big Three's idea to
do away with an agenda at the Big
Four meeting at the summit" now
scheduled for July 10 in Geneva.
On Thursday Mr.. Molotov passed
on Moscow's final approval.
But on Wednesday he broke the
unwritten rule about avoiding con-
troversial issues in the U. N. fes-
tivities. In an hour-long speech
paying lip service to peace. he
blamed all the worlds woes on
Uncle Sam, cited q long List Of
instances where the Kremlin had
self-righteously stopped beating its
wife, and sought to put the burden
Of improving chances Of peace on
the United States.
Western Reaction
The non-Soviet bloc was impress
sively unanimous in its reaction.
Cuba, the Philippines and National
LIST China accused Mr.. Molotov Of
hypocrisy, by calling attention to
the enslavement Of East European
states and Cominterm efforts at
subversion Of free governments.
The Western Big Three gave great
show Of solidarity in every encoun-
ter with Mr.. Molotov, formal or in
formal.
On Friday Mr.. Dulles made
point-by-point rebuttal. more tenn
perate than the Molotov blast but
nonetheless unmistakably intended
to answer it.
Upshots Of the United Nations
celebration were two:
. All nations, including the Soviet
bloc, freely proclaimed their belief
in the abiding value Of the United
Nations as an instrument Of peace
and general welfare. Nobody talked
Of resigning.
. Prospects for spectacular results
at Geneva faded. In spite OF the
Vests attempt to avoid prejudice
ing the coming heads-of-govern-
ment meeting, the Soviet Union and
the United States both disclosed
enough Of their thinking to indi-
cate that q swift relaxation Of ten
sions Is impossible.
Friday afternoons announcement
that the Russians had downed an
other American patrol plane In the
Bering Strait shattered the Vests
self-induced trance, during which
all hands had tried sincerely to
forgive (if not forget) the Soviet
Unions record Of outlawry. A quick
reaction came from Capitol Hill,
where some legislators called for
cancellation Of the Geneva meet
ing.
Evening star., 1955-06-26
POLITICS
President Makes Like
A Man With q Hat
To Toss in the Ring

It has always been assumed
by Republicans hopefully and
Democrats sorrowfully-that Presi.
dent Eisenhower could be persuaded
to be a reluctant candidate in 1855.
But last week MIR. Eisenhower as
tonished observers by indicating he
might be a happy, willing candi-
date for another term.
The President even brought up
the subject, despite a standing re-
quest to newsmen to lay off the
question of his possible candidacy
until next year. He laughingly told
a New Hampshire audience that:
People often ask me what my
ideas are on how long I would like
a residence In 1900 Pennsylvania
avenue. My own thought is: They
should ask how long 1t is going to
take Gov. Adams (Sherman Adams.
former Governor of New Hamp-
shire, now assistant to the Presi-
dent) to finish up his series Of
lectures on New Hampshire; because
he doesn't seem to be a third Of the
way through them yet" 1t took 10
mathematical genius to figure that
% the President had been in Office
90 months at the time of speaking,
90 three times 20 is 81, and (3)
another four-year term would give
him only nine months to recuper-
ate after Gov. Adams stopped talk
ing.
And later the President grinned
happily when other speakers vowed
that he was needed by the country
for another four years.
At no time did he say in so many
words that he was a candidate.
But Mr.. Eisenhower went through
the traditional motions of a man
warming up to toss hat into
a ring. Republicans couldn't have
been happier.
Evening star., 1955-06-26
CONGRESS
Senote Spurns Advice
Of President on Funds
For Military Purposes

Easily the most significant con-
gressional action Of the week was
the Senate revolt on the military
appropriation bill.
But to some 100000 Government
workers in the Washington area
the big news was congressional ap-
proval of a general wage boost for
civil servants.
Evening star., 1955-06-26
ZAP Photo.
ceremonies.

Communists, jubilant at Signor
Scelba's custer, obviously had high
hopes Of breaking into the next
cabinet.
This, of course, would pose q
threat, which could increase to Sc
rious proportions, to Italy's position
in the North Atlantic Treaty Or
ganization. Mr.. Gronchi, 1t ap-
peared, would have an earlier op-
portunity than expected to prove
his anti-communiSm.
Evening star., 1955-06-26

three voted with him. They were
Republicans William z. Jenner Of
Illinois, George w. Malone Of Me-
vada and William LANCER Of North
Dakota. Senator LANCER, however.
cannot be counted as Mccarthy
man, as the Dakotan makes hap
py career out Of being no mans
man.
The effect Of the vote was to ex-
pose Senator McCarthy's isolation
in the Senate and to affirm sena-
torial confidence In the diplomacy
of President Eisenhower.
Evening star., 1955-06-26
Polio

Polio
Chairman Percy Priest Of House
Commerce subcommittee called Q
meeting of top medical men last
week to renew confidence" in the
polio vaccination program. But
before the sessions were over, the
medical men were revealed to be
seriously split on the desirability OF
continuing vaccination with the
Salk formula.
On the panel of experts were 15
yirologists, immunologists and pub
lie health experts. DR.. Jonas Salk
himself was in the group.
The controversy started when DR..
Albert B. Sabin of the University
of Cincinnati recommended that
the vaccination program be halted
until safer formula could be
found. DR.. Sabin is working on
another polio vaccine.
DR.. Salk, however, reiterated con-
fidence in his own vaccine, though
he agreed it was desirable to con-
tinue the search for better one.
BY implication, DR.. Salk lined up
with the doctors who wanted vac
cination to be continued this sum-
mer.
The puzzled committee finally
put this proposition to q vote:
Should the vaccination with the
Salk shots be continued?
Eight scientists voted yes, three
voted no, and two more expressed
dissatisfaction with manufacturing
checks. In effect, 1t was an 8-to-5
vote to continue. DR.. Salk abstained
from voting.
Basil O'Connor, president of the
National Foundation for Infantile
Paralysis, said meanwhile that the
Sabin criticism was "old stuff" He
implied that criticism Of the vac
cine stemmed from Ignorance and
envy"
The subcommittee was still left
with the problem Of whether or not
to vote Federal funds to subsidize
the vaccination program.
Evening star., 1955-06-26

Russians since The days Of the
czars.
The first two points were explicit
in the final communique signed by
Marshal Bulganin and Premier
Nehru. The third point is implicit,
but most important Of the three,
as Mr.. Nehru no doubt senses. He
is gambling, apparently, that he
can keep communism out Of India
as he has done so successfully in
the past while forcing the Reds to
a more conciliatory attitude in
world affairs.
Three Anti-U. S. Points
India and the Soviet Union also
agreed on several specific matters
which clash with United States
thinking:
"a Communist China should be
admitted to the United Nations.
(2) Formosa belongs to Red
China.
90 South Wet Nam must be per-
suaded to go through with nation
wide elections in all Of Wet Nam.
Marshal Bulganin has promised
to pay a return visit to India, prob
ably after the meeting at the sum-
nit. Meanwhile, Mr.. Nehru was
visiting Warsaw, Vienna, Belgrade
and Rome. He will also go to Lon
don the second week in July, prob
ably to pass on to Prime Minister
Anthony Eden whatever he learned
about Communist ideas of easing
tensions in the Formosa Strait.
Evening star., 1955-06-26
frances Riposte

Great Britain's Foreign Minister,
Harold Macmillan, had had the
unspectacular job Of leading on the
first-string oratory. He confined his
remarks on Tuesday to hope that
the United Nations could recapture
the spirit Of 1945. when hope for
true peace was rampant.
Frances Foreign Minister Antoine
Pinay had the advantage Of follow
ing Mr.. Molotov. In addition. he
had had several other meetings with
the Soviet delegation. He made
three telling points on Thursday:
Q France win stick to NATO, not
throw away the security 1t derives
from this arrangement.
Q There is nothing foreign about
the Allied military bases In NATO
countries; they are intended Tor the
defense of the country in which they
lie.
. France would not support any
plan to neutralize Germany.
Evening star., 1955-06-26
Reserves

The Presidents military reserve
program remained stalled In the
House last week despite vigorous ef-
forts to shake 1t loose. It was still
anybody's guess whether President
EisenhoWer's ''vital" bill would be
passed this year.
The measure was blocked in the
House when 1t was amended to pro-
hibit racial segregation in National
Guard units where reservists are
ordered to fill out Guard quotas.
With the amendment attached, the
bill had no chance to pass, so it was
sent back to the Armed Services
Committee.
Last week two ways Of getting
around the amendment were tried.
President Eisenhower wrote to the
author of the antisegregation
amendment, Adam Clayton Powell,
Negro Democrat from New York's
Harlem, and asked him to withdraw
his proviso. The President said
segregation should be attacked in
some different way.
But Mr.. Powell said no. He
promised, in fact, to try to attach
antisegregation amendments to
housing and aid-to-education bills.
Chairman Carl Vinson Of the
Armed Services Committee tried
another approach. He rewrote the
Presidents. bill and eliminated COM
pletely the authority to transfer
reservists to the State-controlled
National Guard. He also took out
the special six-month training pro-
gram for draft-age youths. This.
he explained, would placate Con-
gressmen who thought the program
was an approach to universal mill
tary training. The antisegregation
and anti-UMT forces had ganged
UP to beat the Presidents original
bill.
But Chairman Wilson's own CONF
mittee rejected his bill, 16 to IA.
And the President expressed his
own opposition. Then one OF Mr..
Wilson'S subcommittee voted. II
to /, for a new bill, substantially
the same as the Presidents but with
Evening star., 1955-06-26
Substitutions

Meanwhile the Eisenhower team
was undergoing some changes back
in Washington.
Robert T. Stevens was taken
CONTINUED on Page A-29)
Evening star., 1955-06-26
Government Pay

Civil service employees were pleas
antly surprised last week with the
speed shown by Congress in wrap
ping up Government workers
pay bill. The classified workers had
spent more than year maneuver-
ing for the increase. But final
action was short and snappy.
It was the pay increase voted
three weeks ago for postal workers
which cleared the way. The mall
men received an 8 per cent raise.
The House last week voted $40 to
to raise the pay Of / million civil
service workers by rs per cent. The
Senate. which previously had voted
10 per cent, went along. The bill
then went to the White House
where the President seemed sure to
sign 1t.
The raise will be retroactive to
the FIRST pay period in March.
Evening star., 1955-06-26

pointed proudly to the Soviet
Unions recent example as q peace
maker. It had led the way to a
Korean armistice: it helped arrange
an Indo- China truce; 1t signed a
treaty with Austria; it kissed and
made up with Yugoslavia; it gave
India's Prime Minister Nehru the
red-carpet treatment (see below;
it invited Chancellor Konrad Aden-
auer Of West Germany to come to
Moscow, and it started talks with
Japan about q peace treaty.
Evening star., 1955-06-26

Tensions Persist Despite u n Peace Talk

out the National Guard provision.
That bill seemed likely to reach
the House floor this week. but the
outcome still was in doubt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-09
|Louisionu Acudiuns
Visit Toronto

TORONTO, ontario, Aug. 9
I(R.-A group of II Acadians
from Louisiana. on pilgrimage
to Nova Scotia, land of their an
Icestors. toured Toronto yester-
day.
The Acadians, whose families
were driven from Nova Scotia to
Louisiana 200 years ago for defy
ing the early British govern
ment, were guests of Attorney
General Dana Porter.
| Later, led by Dean Thomas ]
IArceneaux Of Southwestern Uni.
Iversity, president of the Acadiar
Bicentennial Association, the,
visited Hamilton.
The group. including Emeli'
Breaux, 10. who symbolize'
ILongfellow's "Evangeline," hero
inc of the Acadian expulsion
continued to Montreal, where
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-09
Tito Gets Hungary
Friendship Pledge

VIENNA, Aug. o tR.-Matyas
Rakosi, boss of Hungary's Com
munist Party. pledged yesterday
that "Comrade Tito can be as
sured we will do everything in
our power to achieve friendly
relations with Yugoslavia."
Tito, in o recent speech, COM
planned there were still author
titles in the Communist satellite
nations. particularly in Hungary
who were arresting people fol-
favoring resumption of relations
with Yugoslavia, despite the lead
given in that direction by the
top rulers Of the Soviet Union
Mr.. Rakosi. first secretary Of
the Hungarian Communist Party
said Nothing is in the way nov
Of reaching such relations after
we have convicted Gabor Peter
and his gang" Gabor Peter
was chief of Hungary's security
police before he was sentenced
in March. 1854. to life imprison-
ment for alleged crimes against
the Hungarian state and people.
He played an active part in the
Titoist trials in Hungary which
sent Interior Minister Laszlc
Rajk and others to the gallows
| MIR. Rakosi's remarks, in q
speech at Csepel. were broadcast
by Budapest radio.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-09
|Worden Reps Size
lOf Prison Population

IONIA, Mich. (R-Dr. Gar
rett Heyns, warden Of the Michi-
gan State Reformatory, says a
third Of the 250,000 inmates in
Federal and State prisons
shouldn't be there.
He told the National Probation
and Parole Association that this
third should have been handled
by probation or other treatment
at the community level.
Another third Of the inmates
he said. have relatively simple
problems that can be taken care
of in time. He termed the re-
naming third hard core cases
that require long confinement.
Or. Heyns, former president OF
the American Prison Association
said prisons were not meant tc
prevent crime, but rather to pre-
went recurrence Of crime"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-09
King Soud in Iron
AS Guest Of Shuh

TEHERAN, Iran, Aug. 8 R.-
Two oil-rich monarchs. the Shah
of Iran and King Saud Of Saudi
Arabia, met for the first time
today at Mehrabad Airport.
King Saud as the Shah's guest
will stay in the Iranian capital
three days, then go to Caspian
Sea summer resorts.
Dressed as commander in chief
lof the Iranian army, the Shah
greeted King Saud at the airport
The Saudia Arabian monarch
was accompanied by so men
ministers, government official.
and bodyguards.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-09
Anderson Reported
Slated for FTC


Reports circulated here today
that former Gov. Sigurd Ander-
son of South Dakota will be
named chairman Of the Fed
eral Trade Commission.
Edward F. Howrey. also a
Republican, is now chairman.
He was reported a week ago as
planning to resign within a few
weeks and return to his law prac-
tice here. but he has declined
comment.
One highly placed source, who
asked that his name not be used,
told reporter that Mr.. Ander-
son is being considered for the
job and very probably will be ap-
pointed by President Eisen-
hover.
Mr.. Howrey's 7-year term
would expire in>September. 1859
If Mr.. Anderson were named to
succeed him, his appointment
would be for the unexpired -four
years.
There have been reports Mr.
Anderson might run for the Re.
publican United States Senate
nomination next year against
Senator Case, or for the House
seat OF Representative Lovre
Republican Of South Dakota.