davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1955-10-17
Up to the Residents

The Fairfax County Board OF SUI
pervisors has put up to the county's
residents for decision a problem bearing
fatefully on the future development of
the rapidly growing county. The question
TO be decided in referendum next month
a whether Fairfax County is to continue
% struggle with its present patchwork,
inadequate water-supply program or
adopt county owned and operated sys-
tenn Of countrywide extent.
The vote will be on proposed $50
million bond issue to carry out a 15-year
public water-supply program, based on
recommendation of firm of consulting
engineers. Under this plan, the county
would either build its own water intake
and filtration facilities on the Potomac
River or would tie in with the Washington
water system, by way of Dalecarlia. Exist
Ing private plants, Of which there are
several In the county, would be taken
ever by the county. Eventually wells
would be replaced by pipelines to all parts
Evening star., 1955-10-17
Not All Gravy

The idea underlying the proposal for
annual reasSessment of real estate in
Northern Virginia is good one, viewed
from the standpoint Of keeping taxes
abreast Of property values. In county
like Fairfax, now the most rapidly de-
velOping area across the Potomac River,
up-to-date assessments would bring In
more revenues than are possible now
under the every-six-years reassessment
program.
But the prospect Of such additional
collections must be weighed against the
cost Of maintaining an adequate perma-
nent stan Of assessors to do the job. In
such q heavily populated area as Northern
Virginia, the task would require sub
stantial increase In personnel and ap-
preparations.
To put 1t another way. the prospect
Is not necessarily one of all gain and no
loss. A careful look should be taken at
the permanent, built-in expense item
which would be the hand maiden of
annual reassessmentS.
Evening star., 1955-10-17
Low and Order Prevail

Recent days have brought encourage
ing indications that State authorities.
when willing to exercise their authority,
can deal effectively with unions which
defy the law.
A union of transit workers in st.
Louis has voted to 60 back TO work.
Union leaders had implied that they
could not control their members. But the
back-to-work vote was taken promptly
when Governor Donnelly invoked state
law imposing fine of $4,000 day on
unions which strike public utility after
seizure
A much uglier situation in Indiana
also has been brought under control by
a determined Governor who was not
afraid to use his authority.
On July 25 CIO-UAW union struck
Perfect Circle piston plants In three m
diana communities-New Castle, Rich
mond and Hagerstown. The strike was
ineffective In the last two communities
because majority Of the workers refused
to heed the union strike call. In New
Castle, most of the workers went out but
sizable minority continued to work.
The reaction was one Of violence.
A court Injunction was ignored. Nom
strikers were beaten Cars were over
turned. Bricks were hurled through the
windows Of homes Of nonstrikers. Shots
were fired at night from passing cars.
Finally, on October 5, this erupted in a
demonstration" at the New Castle plant
by 5000 union demonstration" brought
in by bus from surrounding areas. As
this mob converged menacingly on the
New Castle foundry, shooting began and
eight people were wounded. Governor
Craig called in the National Guard, mar
tial law was proclaimed and order was
restored,
An important point to keep In mind
is that principal issue In this dispute
Is one Of representation. The union de-
mands the right to bargain for all three
plants. The company says the union does
not represent majority of the workers
in Richmond and Hagerstown. The Ma
tional Labor Relations Board Is arranging
an election to settle the dispute, and this
is the way it should be settled-by law,
not by violence.
The use of the National Guard In
labor disputes Is repugnant to most
Americans. It may not be an effective
way to settle these controversies. But
when the alternative Is a surrender to
mob rule there is no real choice. Order
must be maintained. Union leaders must
learn that they are not going to be per-
mitted to seize a community by the
throat and choke 1t into submission.
Evening star., 1955-10-17
In Our Own Backyard

A recent news story told of
q Russian family of 10 living
in five small rooms. Maybe
this was not intended as criti-
cism Of Russia, but that was
the implication. The writer
didn't have to go half way
around the world to find such
conditions. He could have
found as bad or worse within
the shadow Of the U. S. Capi-
tol.
Another recent story dealt
with government controls
comparing those in Russia with
those in America. We are
critical of the Russians be-
cause their government owns
all the land. Yet when an
Alabama filling station owner
planted one-fifth of an acre
of cotton by his station as a
tourist attraction, he was fined
$6.37 for not having an official
acreage allotment.
My mother taught me as q
boy that before ! started find-
ing, fault with my neighbors,
! should make sure my own
back yard was clean. / am not
. Communist tor q Russian
sympathizer, but consider my
self q fair-minded American.
Garland c. Brown.
Evening star., 1955-10-17
Reflections

These things ! treasure and
recall:
The corner : cupboard In the
hall,
Ydndtather's musket on the
ipdll,
Aunt Ellen,s handsome paisley
shatDl.
The Christmas stockings In a
RON
Before the fireplace: candle
glotD
on needles Knitting to and fro:
The sleigh-bells Jingle ouer
snotD.
The vaolet-copered hills In
May,
Long ricks OF fragrant hay;
The tamily's songs at close OF
day,
The harbor lights across the
bay.
Bess Barry Corr
Evening star., 1955-10-17

twice &c ,,nsat as anvone else
sho,,t the crasv aso,,irrels . - ss
ne ca,i them who ,nanace ~
eet into trn,,hle Win fhe NJ.
III iice ana called ..hot. rnSders,, ~.
hv @ the % ,,ninif,ated become i,
Mrs. Housewives eyes. asso-
ciated with us. I am aware
that newspapers would not
have much business il there
was no sensationalism to cap
itaiize upon. but can't you cali
these knife artists and would
be tough guys something else
Evening star., 1955-10-17
Low in the News

During the last several weeks
I have noticed that you are
running a column Law in the
News" by Phil Yeager and
John Stark. i have enjoyed
the subjects selected and the
factual way they are handled
and feel that this recent ad-
dition to your paper viii be Of
interest to . large number Of
people.
Mildred MerreIl.
Evening star., 1955-10-17
Hardly Eorth-Shokinq

In all probability, when it meets
again tomorrow, the United Nations Gem
eral Assembly will break the deadlock in
the contest between the Philippines and
Poland for election to seat in the Secu-
rity Council. The contest-which may be
resolved by the election of Yugoslavia as
very vital one. but 1t involves a certain
amount Of @face" for both the United
States and the Soviet Union.
The United States has backed the
Philippines on the ground that the Manila
government Is particularly entitled to a
nonpermanent seat in the II nation
Council. This view is based on the fact
that the United Nations Charter provides
that the occupancy Of such seats should
be determined on the basis Of geography
and on the contributions that the candi-
date countries have made to the U. NJ.
Our Government holds that the Filipino
Republic, because it is located IN the
Asian area and because 1t undeniably has
rendered good service to the world organ
ization, ought to be elected. 1t holds, too,
that the puppet Communist regime in
Warsaw is more or less ineligible because
1t Is situated in Eastern Europe and has
very poor U. N. record.
In opposition, the Soviet Union
which has backed Poland, but which
apparently is ready to accept Yugoslayia's
election as a compromise - has argued
that the so-called "gentlemen's agree
u1ent" of 1916 obliges the West to accept
an East European country Tin addition to
Russia) as a nonpermanent member OF
the Security Council. In response to this,
our u. N delegation has contended that
the agreement applied only to the year
1916 and has since become imperative.
There is solid international legal ground
for such a view, but many members Of
the General Assembly feel otherwise.
Accordingly, in sense, the whole issue
bOils down to kind of prestige question
as to which side-Moscow or Washington
lis right In principle and deserving Of
support.
It seems clear enough, however, that
this is not an earth-shaking question.
When the General Assembly takes it up
again tomorrow, the final decision may
conceivably be in favor of the Philippines
and the United States. But whether 1t Is
or not, whether or not the vote shifts to
q compromise candidate like Yugoslavia,
MISUNDERSTANDING the Russians as well
a. ourselves--will have much reason to
be excited After all, no matter what the
outcome, the U. N. and the world at large
will continue to function as usual.
Evening star., 1955-10-17

organic compounds Of nitrogen
and phosphorus, which were
bound up in the bodies Of the
organisms during their growth
in the upper water layers, are
released to the water In soiu-
tion as Inorganic compounds.
In the deep water Of the
open ocean, the supply Of or.
ganic material from the sur.
face Is so slow, and IL 30 tai.
anced by fresh supplies Of wa.
ter that have been nxygenized
in the surface layers, that
oxygenlesss conditions do not
arise. The ocean circulation
also probably brings about .
slow return Of inorganic nu-
trients to the surface layers.
May Have Practical Value
But in the dead narts Of
the sea, such as the Cariaco
Trench, such exchanges prob
ably do not take place or are
very slow, and the processes
of deoxygenation, sulfur chem-
ical changes, and the regener-
alton Of nutrient salts are un-
interrupted.
The Cariaeo Trench, accord
ing to the Institute report,
differs from other known oxy-
genless parts Of tie sea be-
cause 1t receives little land
drainage and its upper layers,
almost completely open to the
sea, are far from semi-en-
closed. It represents, there
fore. a quite new sort Of ma
rine phenomenon.
A great many water and
bottom samples we're taken,
especially to determine the
productivity Of the plankton
population which may be pres
ent at the great depths. Thus
far only preliminary studies
have been made of the data.
A fuller understanding Of
these dead" seas within seas
may have considerable prac-
tical Importance. the insti-
tute's report points out. The
decomposition processes which
go on in such areas may be
applied to studies Of the for
nation Of petroleum. Perhaps
even now new petroleum re-
serves, to be exploited thou
sands Of years hence, may be
in the process Of formation in
just such pockets. They may
have been considerably more
abundant in the primaeval
seas, whose contour cannot be
traced with much exactness,
which covered large areas Of
the earth in the days when
the great Oil reserves Of the
world were being formed.
Then both the deposition Of
organic nutrients from the
land and the abundance of
sea plant organisms may have
been considerably greater. due
chiefly to excess carbon diox-
ide in the earth's atmosphere.
than is the case at present.
It is generally believed that
the oil was formed on sea
bottoms rather than on land.
Evening star., 1955-10-17

q. Does Canada permit
house trailers on the Alaska
highway? II so. are there
length vestrictions?--F. L. M.
A. II the Canadian customs
officer ct the frontier port of
arrival considers 1t equal to
the purpose, any four-wheeIed
automotive vehicle may tow a
house trailer up to is feel
long. House trailers Is to 80
feet long may be admitted
when towed by any standard
American-make car not lighter
than the Ford Chevrolet
Plymouth class. A trailer over
30 feet may be permitted only
when towed by a vehicle of
three-quarter ton or higher
tonnage. AL such combina-
tions require q permit with
cash or guarantee pond as
security. ANY vehicle used to
Evening star., 1955-10-17
LETTERS TO THE STAR

legislators and our State Gov
ernors with protests against
the monopolistic practices Of
labor unions. demanding that
the laws designed to protect
life and property be strictly
enforced, and that the right
to join or not to join any labor
organization be rigidly upheld.
We. the underprivileged ma
jority. should demand of every
candidate for office q decla-
ration Of his attitude toward
the rights Of all the people as
against the privileges of a mi
nority labor group. Let us do
this. and it won't be long be-
fore we viii be freed from the
shackles forged by the labor
bosses.
Samuel r. Bauer.
st. Marys City. Md.
Evening star., 1955-10-17

Of the county, Just as has been done In
Arlington.
The Board Of Supervisors wisely Is
sued an explanatory statement coinci-
dent with its application to the Circuit
Court for authority to hold the bond
referendum. Most OF the questions which
the citizens win ask have been answered
In this public announcement.
Fairfax County has had so much
trouble with its water supply IN recent
years that the prospect of reliable
countrywide system ought to have wide
appeal.
Evening star., 1955-10-17
No Love for Labor

! wish to comment on
George Frederick Miller's re-
cent letter under the caption
Disgrace in Indiana"
Mr.. Miller is absolutely right
in denouncing the criminal
activities of labor unions. How
ever. his suggestion that the
more than two thirds Of un-
organized workers organize for
their protection is rather inn
practical. The very fact that
more than IS million workers
have thus far not joined any
labor union is indicative Of
their lack Of enthusiasm TO
join any such organization.
However, we do have an or
ganization that can combat
predatory labor unions. This
organization is known as the
United States of America and
every citizen is o dues-paying
member. This organization
has a Constitution guarantee
ing to all its members the
right to life and liberty. This
charter of our liberties pro-
vides for justice to all and
special privileges to none. The
fact that labor unions today
enjoy special monopoly privi-
leges permitting them to OPP
press the rest of the members
of the greater organization is
proof that the Constitution is
being violated every day, and
that the laws under which
they operate is class legislation
and therefore unconstitutional.
The Constitution provides for
the welfare of all people and
not just the favored few.
We, the underpriyileged ma
jority, have the weapon In our
hands with which to destroy
the labor racketeers If we
choose to use 1t. That weapon
is the ballot. I do not deny
the right of any labor group
to organize. but / deny their
right to brigandize. We. the
underprivileged. should shower
our Congressmen, our State
Evening star., 1955-10-17
Hot Rods Not Squirrels

/ would like to call to your
attention the havoc created by
the fiagrant misinterpretation
OF the words ..hot rodder" on
the front page Of the October
IL Star. We hot rodders in
this area are appalled, by the
psychological damage you have
wrought by bringing us into
such an unfayorable light in
the public eye.
In the first place. a hot rod
is a work Of art. not a piece
OF Junk sporting mud flaps and
six radio antennas with an
idiot at the wheel. The hot
rodders Of today will be the
engineers in Detroit Of tomor-
row. I would assume that any
newspaper that sends q re-
porter each Sunday to Ma
naSsas, Va.,, to write UP our
races for the Monday edition
would be aware Of what the
term 1hot rod" meant, but too
late I realize my mistake.
We have worked hard to ac-
quire our drag strip for racing
and we belong to clubs Of
which we are Justly proud. We
have cars that are not only
mechanically fiawless but that
would put most factory models
to shame with their attractive
body notifications and uphol-
stery. Some Of these boys spend
thousands Of dollars Of hard
earned money and hundreds Of
hours Of painstaking labor on
their automobiles. The results
of this care speak for them
selves.
The clubs In this area are
Evening star., 1955-10-17
Or. Hutchins' Views

The Star reports that at q
meeting Of the American Vet
erans Committee, DR.. Robert
nj. Hutchins, president Of the
Fund for the Republic, charged
that all critics Of the fund "are
afraid Of the truth" DR..
Hutchins Is 4 valiant defender
Of Fifth Amendment pleaders
and actively aids the CAM
paign to defeat the efforts of
congressional investigators to
uninask subversives in our
Government.
Last April, 1t the conven-
tion al the American Society
OF Newspaper Editors, Or.
TIutchins clearly revealed the
direction Of his syrnpathies
and also showed how little re-
gard he has for the truth.
when he said that the At
torney General and the state
Department were ''ruihing the
lives Of thousands on the basis
Of heresy. !" and then continued:
.See the blacklist spreading
In industry, merging with pro-
posals that the American Conn
naunisfs should be starved 70
DEATH Critics Of the fund
J can hardly expect the truth
from one who makes such ir-
responsible charges.
For his aid and comfort TO
those who would destroy our
Republic, the American Vet
serans Committee made an
award to Or. Hutchins with q
citation for significant and
meritorious achievements IN
furthering the highest trade
tions Of American democracy"
No greater departure from the
truth can possibly be mag
ined.
fNvd Raa aeffanaPv.
Evening star., 1955-10-17
III at Ease Oversees

This is Q complaint Of the
first order. AS the mother Of
q boy stationed on one Of
those God-forsaken islands In
the Pacific. where the people
are subhuman and the climate
is worse. I have plenty to COM
plain about. And ] am doing
the complaining. not our son.
We pour millions Of dollars
down all kinds Of rat holes all
over the world. except the
rat holes where our boys have
to live. They roast In summer
and freeze In winter. And that
is only q small part Of the
story. What supplies they get
are inadequate and half the
time they don't get through.
So the parents take over
and try to fill some of the
needs. A package mailed on
August 16 had not arrived oc-
tober 6. So we decided to
spend some extra money and
send q package air mail. And
then we bump up against a
brick wall. One cannot send
over two pounds in weight or
anything as large as q shoe
box by air mail to an APO
address,
II certainly seems to me that
II there is anyone on earth
who is entitled to the full
benefits Of United States mail
service 1t is your son and mine.
stuck some place on the other
side Of the world for q year
or two.
At the Pentagon they won
der why morale is bad-why
re-enlistments are so low. I
could give them plenty Of good
reasons and would be tickled
to death for the opportunity.
It's q national disgrace, and
] think it's time for q lot
Of people to begin making
noises like parents!
r. " n
Evening star., 1955-10-17
YIS TAS IN SCIENCE
By THOMAS r. HENRY
About Dead Area Of Sea

WOODS HOLE, Mass. -
There are dead seas in the
sea.
They are regions where the
universal life gas. oxygen.
elsewhere dissolved In ocean
water, has been exhausted and
cannot be replaced. Life. II it
exists there at all. must fol-
low quite different processes
than elsewhere.
Probably the most notable
Of these has Just been re-
ported by Woods Hole ocean
ographers. 1t is the Cariaco
Trench in the southeastern
Caribbean, just north Of Vene-
zuela. About 5000 feet deep
at its greatest depth, this
trench is shut OF from the rest
of the sea by q sill which per-
mits no ocean water to enter at
depths greater than about 500
feet.
Before any observations were
made a study Of bottom charts
showed that the conhguration
Of the trench and the isolation
Of its deeper water made 1t
quite likely that it would be
found to contain completely
stagnant water. This would
afford an excellent opportunity
for study Of essentially oxygen
less biological processes, pro-
yided any life existed at the
great depths.
Also Occurs In Black. Sea
The trench first was visited
by the Woods Hole Oceano-
graphic Institutes research
ship Atlantis about q year ago.
Sampling showed that the
water was almost completely
free Of dissolved oxygen below
. depth Of about 1000 feet.
Any life phenomena would be
taking place In an essentially
static part Of the sea. It was
obvious from the odor Of the
water samples that foul-smeu-
ing hydrogen sulphide was
present.
Similar situations, although
not on so large q scale. are
known to exist, says an In
stitute report. in the Black
Sea. in some fjords and In cer-
tain semi-inclosed basins, all
Of which receive considerable
land drainage. This drainage
supplies an abundance Of nu-
trients, chiefly nitrate and
phosphate, which so fertilizes
the upper layers that q greater
than usual amount Of organic
matter is produced by the
growth Of plants. mostly micro
scopic and constituting the So
called phytoplankton.
Upon sinking into stagnant
layers this organic matter de-
composes. This decomposition
uses oxygen. Eventually all the
oxygen is exhausted. Decompo-
sition still continues. A small
amount Of new oxygen is sup
piled by sulfur compounds in
sea water. thus changing the
chemical form Of the sulfur.
During this decomposition the
Evening star., 1955-10-17
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRAcEWELL

Sneezing Is an art that ought
to be taken seriously.
Perhaps If people looked at
it this way they might stop
expectorating into other peo-
pies faces, which is really
what they are doing when they
sneeze without any attempt to
cover up.
Most people, including some
very nice people, think they
have done all that is necessary
If they turn the head to right
or left.
When they turn right they
sneeze directly into Mr.. Smiths
face, and when they turn left
they sprinkle our old friend,
Templeton Jones.
Jones says he wishes people
who have to sneeze would do
it before they get on buses.
We tried to tell him that
the onconling Of real sneeze
is sudden. and not exactly
under the control Of the
sneezer.
Fat people," burst out our
friend, s.do the most sneezingl"
He explains 1t this way:
Fat people eat the most car
bohydrates.
According to Templeton
Jones ideas. there is some-
thing about the ingestion Of
starches that gives the eater
colds, sniffies and sneezes.
Where ! run across the fat
folk most. said Jones, chum-
mily, sis in the public vehicles.
why. I have got so ! can
tell whether someone is go
ing to sneeze. just by looking
at him.
"As a matter of fact ] have
two ways Of spotting sneezers.
"One, if he is fat he is sure
to 60 'ker-choo' before many
blocks.
Two, If she carries q box
Of cleaning tissues under the
arm. 1t is almost always the
ladies who do this"
We asked Mr.. Jones what he
does when they sneeze In his
face, despite all his precau-
tions.
Jones shrugged.
What can anyone do?" he
grinned. Except. as q good
Christian, turn the other
cheek"