davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-23

JERUSALEM, Israel.-The
tree and the water sprinkler
are completing the transfer
nation of dusty Palestine into
modern Israel. This is the
return to the land" ideal Of
the Zionist pioneers who
formed the first communal
collective settlements, the ia
nous kibbutzim.
There is impressive indus
trialization, too, for it Is re-
allied that the new state can
never become wholly self
sufficient since it lacks certain
resources. notably coal and
oil. But it is the transforma-
ton Of the face of the earth
which first strikes the visitor.
It's impact is the green, of
course, because of the con-
trast with the other arid areas
of the Middle East.
Here about one-fourth Of
the people whom the world
knows tbest as urban. cosmo-
politan, internationalist trad
ers work on the land. If they
come from Europe, only a few
per cent of their fathers were
in agriculture. The usual drift
from farm to town does not
obtain in Israel.
1t is not intended, however,
that the proportion of agricul-
turists shall grow. There are
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-23

More than 1000 Moroc-
cans, Aigeriarls and French
have been killed in rioting,
a much larger number have
been wounded and the rebel
lion against French supremacy
is in full swing throughout
North Africa.
Our ca (Army intelligence)
correctly forecast these de-
velopments as far back as last
spring when the era of sweet
ness and light between the
USSR and the Western allies
was only a blueprint in the
planning Of the Soviet leader
ship.
The North African revolts
stem from the natural desire
of the Arabs under French
tutelage to become free and
independent. The Paris gov
ernments have messed up
that situation through their
shortsightedneSs as badly as
they did that in Tndo-China.
Their high-handed methods
in dealing with sovereign Mo
rocco - which was never a
colony - is typical of stupid
19th-century colonial men
tality. -
The officials Paris sent to
rule its North African empire
refused to recognize the strong
waves of nationalism which
are spreading fast among all
the Asiatics and Africans.
The officials attempted to use
muscles instead of brains ip
dealing with this inevitable
SEQUEL to the last war.
The present large-scale re-
bellion could not have been as
successful as it has without
the help sent by the USSR.
Large quantities Of arms and
ammunition have gone from
Russia to North African and
Atlantic ports for three years
camouffaged as agricultural
machinery or cotton goods.
They were carried in ships
flying the Soviet flag.
A number of Russian agita-
tors and leaders skilled in
guerrilla warfare also were
sent to North Africa. These
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-23
Economic Unity Step
aiken in Central America

long time feud between Presi-
dents Anastasio Somoza of Mic
aragua and Jose Figueres OF
Costa Rica. Unanimity was re-
quired.
Costa Ricans Rejected
The five foreign ministers had
agreed informally during the
U. N. anniversary meeting in San
Francisco last June that a Costa
Rican would get the post. But
at the meeting here Mr.. Somo-
za's delegation rejected all Costa
Ricans nominated.
Guatemalan President Carlos
Castillo Armas finally proposed
through his delegation that the
neutral Minister from Ell Sal
vador be named for the four
year term. Before the election,
some delegates said MIR. Traba-
nino might step aside for a re-
placement within six months.
The ministers were expected
to adopt a budget for the organ
ization today.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-23
Investigating the Investigators

The evidence offered to show
that q man Is q danger to
American institutions has Of
ten been farcically remote"
II the Fund for the Republic
is going to get q reputation for
being fair and impartial. 1t
ought to be able to prove that
the principle Of guilt by ASSOC
citation" has been abused in
any court procedure where
the suspected person has been
convicted or acquitted and like
wise ought to be able to state
why the evidence" offered to
show that a man is a danger
has "often" been "farcically
remote" Where Is the COM
prehensive showing Of evidence
and facts and cross-examina-
ton to bear out any such
blanket verdict?
AS for guilt by association"
and its abuse, the late Robert
H. Jackson. Supreme Court
justice, one-tirne New Dealer
and a Roosevelt appointee to
the bench. had this to say in
May. 1850. in q concurring
decision upholding the oath
required of labor -union officers
under the Taft Hartley Act:
THE conspiracy principle
has additionally been en-
ployed to protect society
against all 'ganging-up' or
concerted action in violation
Of its laws. No term passes
that the court does not sustain
convictions based on that doc
trine for violations Of the anti
trust laws or other statutes.
However. there has recently
entered the dialectic Of politics
a cliche used to condemn APP
plication of the conspiracy
principle to Communists.
"'Guilt by association, Is an
epithet frequently used and
little explained except that it
is generally accompanied by
another slogan, Guilt is per-
sonal.' OF course it is; but
personal guilt may be in
CURED by joining q conspiracy.
That act of association makes
one responsible for acts Of
others committed in pursuance
of the association"
The Fund for the Republic.
for some strange reason. didn't
include the Jackson declara-
ton In its statement about the
requisite information. lit was
furnishing so that the Ameri-
can people could be "ade-
quately informed"
Reproduction RightS Reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-23
French Are Accused of Using Muscles
Where Bruins Would Have Succeeded
CONSTANTINE BROWN

men were Moslems from Aver
baijan and Turkestan and
their religion inspired conf
dence in the Arab chieftains,
The vast traffic in arms and
ammunition was made pos
sible by the many French
Communists and Communist
sympathizers. They were in q
position to facilitate the I'M
loading and transfer to the
interior Of the means to sus-
tain a rebellion against the
well-trained and disciplined
French military forces.
The Communists are better
entrenched in the French adj
ministration than in any other
of the remaining free coun-
tries Of Western Europe. There
is not a single branch of the
administration-armed forces,
police, customs service or even
the secret service-which does
not have its quota of secret
Communists obeying blindly
the party orders from Moscow.
These subversiyes can always
count on the support-some-
times purchased with cash
from the "communisants"
(fellow travelers) in govern
ment service.
This explains how the Arabs
whose possession of arms such
as machine guns is strictly
controlled--at least on paper
were SO well. equipped that
they could inflict severe casu-
alties on the highly trained
troops which have been rushed
to North Africa in. the last
three months. Two of the di-
visions belonged to, the NATO
forces and were withdrawn
with the most reluctant APP
proval of the supreme COM
mander. Gen. Alfred Gruen-
Their.
Thus. while the North Afri-
can uprisings are the result OF
the desire Of the Arabs to be
free. their ability to rise sue
cessfully was made possible by
the men in the Kremlin who
provided the wherewithal to
fight the French.
The previous and present
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-23
Fund for the Republic Moy Not Be Entirely
GuiItiess of the Offenses 1t Deplores

that the American people.
who must take 9 position on
these matters. should pay at
tention to them and be ade-
quately informed about them.
The object of the fund is to
help supply the requisite in
formation"
Then Mr.. Hutchins not only
proceeds to take sides but to
make sure. so far as he can
persuade others to follow
him, that the public takes his
particular side. He has no
hesitancy in saying what he
thinks the American people
should believe. Thus he de-
clares:
"a political party in this
country has been identified
with the enemy Those asso-
ciated with this party have
therefore come under suspi-
cion as an imminent danger
to the state. It has APP
peared that the peril to the
country could be dealt with
only by methods that drasti-
cally departed from those
which have characterized Ans
glo-American jurisprudence"
It could be assumed from this
that the courts have stopped
functioning and that the SUI
preme Court Of the United
States was departing from An
glo-Saxon principles when 1t
said the state didn't have to
wait for a conspiracy to be con-
summated but could act in self
protection when there was a
clear and present danger. "
Mr.. Hutchins seems to imply
that the Communist Party IS
a political party" in the &C
cepted sense and is entitled to
rights as such. The Commu-
nists have long held that view.
Yet the evidence shows that
its members refuse to disclose
all the facts about themselves
and their membership.
Neither Republicans nor
Democrats refuse to answer
about party affiliation and
plead the Fifth Amendment If
the subject is under inquiry
by Congress. Nor does either
major party get help from any
foreign government. Mr.. Hut
chins goes on to say: THE
range of suspected persons has
been enormously extended by
resort to guilt by association.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-23
DORIS FLEEsON
The Green of Modern Israel

and heat and lack Of cover
in the same areas.
The kibbutZim are the dis
tinctive feature Of Israel's ag-
riculture and perhaps Of all
Israel. They housed the pi-
oneers and the contributions
of their disciplined men and
women we're and are immense.
They still make the best bor-
der settlements because they
are best able to protect them
selves against infiltration.
Yet the kibbutZim now ac-
count for less than one-third
of the nations farmers and
their share in the total agri-
cultural product has been
steadily declining. The other
two-thirds are divided among
ordinary rural villages based
on private land ownership and
private enterprise. various
forms Of cooperative settle
ments and work villages for
such public projects as forestry.
The new immigrant is abso-
lutely free to choose among
the various forms Of agricul-
ture and he will be helped to
make his start. 1t is estimated,
however, that one in five who
elect to go 1t alone fails. But
this country has come a long
Way-a visitor who returns
after FIVE years absence tends
to mutter about, Aladdin's
lamp. But it is still the hardest
kind of work to reclaim this
land and, too, there are the
ever-present vicissitudes Of ag-
riculture as an oecupation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-23
Model RuiIrouders
meet in Baltimore

BALTIMORE, Aug. % R--
Model railroad devotees from all
over the Nation will gather here
Friday for the opening of q
three day convention. More than
900 are expected.
The convention will include q
railroad exhibit.
There will be discussions, lee
lures and clinics on the techni-
cal details of the hobby and. OF
course, plenty Of model trains
operating.
A 30-unit exhibit of modern
and antique railroad equipment
will be open to the public Satur-
day and Sunday at the Pennsyl-
vania Railroads produce termi-
nal. There also will be a visit to
the Baltimore and Ohio Rail
road Museum and demonstra-
Itions Of real railroading.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-23
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Agriculture Secretary Benson confers with Soviet Farm
Minister Matskevch. There's Ike may fire one Of his
officers security risk chagesrefusing to asso-
ciate with wel-known Communists
Harry Truman he doesn't approve of baby-sitters
do with babysitters, who'll be left in front OF
nv sets next year watch Democratic campagners?
Visiting Russians lay wreath the tomb OF George
Washington Republicans declined let the comrades honor
Thomas Jefferson After ALL party the that
soft communism.
Reserve Board half Of American families
live in their own homes The live in the homes Of
relatives. Il.
Teevision gala reception at the Russian Embassy
The one thing Americans than old friend is
recent enemy.
International cooperation hourshing In North Africa
the French and the trying to reduce friction by
rubbing each other out.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-23

ANTIGUA, Guatemala. Aug. %
I(P.-Five Central American re-
Ipublics were started toward eco
nomic unity today following the
compromise election of Foreign
Minister Guillermo Trabanino of
Ell Salvador as the first secre-
tary general Of the Organiza-
ton Of Central American States
(ODECA).
After electing Mr.. Trabanino
here yesterday, the foreign
ministers of the five countries
authorized him to head an
IOficina Centro-Americana (Cen-
trail American office) and di-
rected it to draw up proposed
customs union for them.
In another resolution. the
ministers created a Central
American legal commission to
unity the laws of the five coun-
tries. ODECA's ultimate aim is a
political union of it's members.
The meeting also provided for
creation of a council on cultural
and educational cooperation.
Countries Listed
ODECA includes all the re-
lpublics Of the Central American
Iisthmus except Panama--El Sal
Ivador, Guatemala, Costa RIGA,
Honduras and Nicaragua. Their
foreign ministers have been
meeting here since last Thurs
day in an effort to give life to
the organization, dormant since
it was formed at San Salvador
four years ago.
Until yesterday the conference
had been deadlocked on selection
OF the secretary general by the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-23
DAVID LAWRENCE

The Fund for the Republic
has been given a grant OF $l5
million from the Ford Founda-
ton ito support activities di-
rected toward the elimination
of restrictions on freedom OF
thought, inquiry and express
sion in the United States"
But, judging from its annual
report Just issued. the Fund
for the Republic is primarily
interested in investigating the
investigators-the persons and
institutions who recognize that
a Communist conspiracy has
existed in the United States
and still exists.
Nowhere in the report is
there any mention of the most
serious restriction - indeed,
discrimination - practiced BY
the Congress Of the United
States In prohibiting corpora
tions and labor unions from
using their funds to engage in
political discussions. Nor can
corporations deduct for tax
purposes any expenses they
may incur to engage in polit-
ical activity or political ex-
preston directly necessary to
defend their companies from
being wiped out by socialism
or communism.
The Fund for the Republic,
on the other hand, enjoys a
tax-free status. It pays no
income taxes at all on the in
come from the funds it has
been granted. Thus far it has
spent only $2,514.738. while the
balance of the SIS million can
be invested in securities and
the income can be piled up
without paying any taxes to
The Federal Government. If
foundations can engage in
politics-and there is no reason
why they shouldn't-corpora-
tions and labor unions should
enjoy the same right.
Robert M. Hutchins. presi-
dent of the fund, engages in
the usual doubletalk about
not taking sides. He says:
The Fund for the Repub-
lie takes no position on these
matters, beyond affirming its
faith in the principles upon
which our Government is
founded, as set forth in the
Declaration of independence
and the Constitution. The
fund does believe, however,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-23
Russian Weapons to North Africa

Paris governments. after the
bitter experience in Indo-
China and especially after the
surrender at Geneva last year,
were willing to give the Tuni-
slams and Moroccans a much
wider home rule than they
have enjoyed in recent years.
Algeria, which is part and par
eel of France, say the French
politicians, needs nothing Of
the kind since its population
is supposed to enjoy the same
rights and privileges as the
population in the metropolis.
It has representation In the
French Parliament.
But the government of Prime
Minister Faure discovered that
these concessions which had
been considered extensive only
two years ago were no longer
acceptable and that many OF
the formerly trusted Arab lead
ers no longer carried weight
with their people. There is a
real danger that unless some
thing unforeseen occurs in the
very near future the masses
will get out Of hand and mob
rule will prevail through those
Arab states which have shown
the utmost patience with the
French rule for so many years.
The present difficulties stem,
according to observers on the
spot, not so much from the
fact that the French officers
are judged insufficient, but be-
cause the Communist agitators
are doing their utmost to pre-
vent any reconciliation be-
tween France and its Arab
wards
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-23

formation, and avoiding private
business deals, contacts, gifts,
services, loans or entertainment
which might prove embarrassing
or might impair their official
Judgment.
One rule specifically forbids
speculative purchase or sale of
business securities, although en-
lployes may engage in bona fide
activities.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-23
Weeks |nvokes
En1p!oye Code
BY the Associated Press

New rules aimed at avoiding
"any semblance of improperly"
in their outside activities has
been laid down for both paid and
unpaid employees of the Com
merce Department.
Secretary Weeks, in announc-
ing the single standard of en-
ploye conduct" yesterday. said
violations will bring penalties
ranging from a warning to dis
miSsal.
Aides said the code was meant
to apply to both regular Govern
ment workers and businessmen
serving without compensation
the woes" whose activities
have been under study by a
House subcommittee headed by
Representative Celler. Democrat
of New York.
Council Included
The code will not apply to
members Of the departments
business Advisory Council, be-
cause its members are not en-
ployes Of the Government, it was
explained. Mr.. Celler also has
been looking into activities Of the
council. which is composed OF
some of the Nations top business
executives and which has beer
advising the department since
the early days Of President
Franklin D. Roosevelt's admins
tration.
In general, the code was based
on two-weeks' admonition that
"a public Office is a public trust
and that no public officer "car
lawfully engage in business &C.
Invites which are incompatible
with the duties of his Office"
Mr.. Weeks emphasized that
"the close and sensitive relation
ship between the Department Of
Commerce and the Nations bus
mess community calls for specia
vigilance"
Information Included
The code contains rules or
such things as safeguarding thu
departments confidential in.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-08-23
West Germans Arrest
IL as Spies for Reds

FRANKFURT, Germany. Aug.
I23 (P.-Twelve Communist spies
have been arrested in the West
German state of Hesse during
the past three months. 1t was
ANNOUNCED yesterday.
| State Prosecutor Horst Kuhn
said most of them we're West
Germans who were spying or
United States military installa'
Itions at the request Of Commu
mist East Germany.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-25

Keep your wardrobe fresh closets neot with these custom
co-ordnoted closet accessories. These space
eieonine and pressing needs protect your garments from
dust. moisture, keep them neotiy hond Heavy steel
frames covered in easy tocleon toffeto quilted
plostic in green pink, blue yellow Long zippers
provide cosy accessibility "Open Stock" pattern.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-09-25

IL Round Hat Box, cEeor sides. l5KxlO". 498
IL Double window Utility Box. 8l2" high 598
ID. Decorative quilted shelf edging, yord. Csc
IA. Round Hanging Bog 4 shelves. Upper. $50
is. AIl-purpose Shelf Boe 5 shelves. sos
10 Jumbo Suit Bog, As" long, eorments, SIS
~. Jumbo Gornent Bog, 81" long, 10
garments, 1898
i8. Regular Gornent Bog. ST" long,
garments, 375
10. Quilted Hangers, set of a. 100
lilo. Quilted Shoe Bog. holds poirs shoes, 298
Ill. 5-drower chest, 2lx35 hxl3h", 1875
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1955-04-01
Mrs. Gordon Speaks
At BPW District
Meeting Held Here

=, ---1
'i'e nun piaei '11 - we Au''
ncSs anu - u 'asl"i.ai " o'''dh .
,i"os ~ N'lRl'iia 'flo iSS annual
OPP lilR injecting q d 7"iio" :
M ~, ,,z.,......t.l i, ,s....,,.,,,,,.
r.hare ,,e,.o ,,,,,r,,,,,,a,e,v I'd "a
,,rn.o,,stt,,o. ,,oso,,, f,an, o,,,,s
=, n4at...,..A ,,a.ee,..,',, ,,o,a,..
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1955-04-01
Coffee Hour To
Honor Bishop
Sunday Morning

An informal coffee hour viii be
held at the Parish House On High
street following the II a. m. serv-
ice at Johns Memorial Episcopal
Church this Palm Sunday. April
3. honoring the Rt. Rev. William
Ambrose Brown, p. D.. Of Ports
mouth. retire6 bishop Of tie Dio-
cese Of Southern Virginia
Bishop Brown will deliver the
sermon at the morning service
and will celebrate confirmation
or THE Laying on Of Hands. The
Rev J A Vache. pastor of the
church. viii read the morning
prayer and present those who de-
sire TO receive the Laying on of
Hands He will be assisted by the
Rev. Luther p. Faanck. retired
minister who is making his home
in Cumberland
All friends are invited to attend
the coffee hour.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1955-04-01
Art Work OF Hill,
.LC Teachers
Chosen BY Museum

Included in the list Of 1913
artists chosen for The Virginia
Museum Of Fine Arts biennial
exhibition are TWO names from
Farmville and Hanpden- Sydney
Mrs Mary 6 Crawley, a Hill
resident viii have d selection Of
her paintings IN the exhibit,
which represents the work Of 40
Richmond artists, so Virginia art
lsto and IA out Of state Ms
Crawley Is well known for her oil
paintings, and SHE is currently
leading several classes IN oils
throughout this area.
The other local winner Is Miss
Annie Lee Ross, a native Of Colo
RADIO, who teaches art at LongWood
College. Miss Ross specializes in
water colors and several crafts.
The jury which MADE this selec-
ton for the Virginia Museum was
composed Of three nationally
known artists and art critics.
Announcement Of the recon :
mended Museum purchases. AIS
well as the contest Of the two
travelling shows will be made
known AT the opening night. re-
ception and "varnishing" on April
20 The selections for the entire
exhibit viii be on view in Rich
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1955-04-01
District Church
Women to Meet At
Cumberland April 6

The Farmville District OF the
Women Of the Church of West
Hanover Presbytery viii convene
at Cum bcrland Presbyterian
Church on Wednesday. April 6. at
10 q m. Mrs, w w McClintic is
chairman
The missionary address viii be
given by Mrs William Worth OF
Africa. and Mrs. D. d. Coleock of
Charlottesville. the Presbyterial
president. will also address the
group.
Workshops will be led by Pres
byteral chair chairmen. Two OF
these leaders are Mrs b r Tay-
! Tor Jr. and Mrs j, NJ. Johns
both Of the Fafmyille Presbyterian
Church.
Fifteen churches viii participate
/ IN this meeting
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1955-04-01
Longwood Club
Meets at Poplar Hill

The Longwood Garden Club met
Monday afternoon. March %. with
Mrs. f. S Shields at Poplar
Hill, home OF Mrs. w, G. Dun
ninRton.
Mrs. F. II Hamburg. Jr. gave
the program, which consisted Of
a report OF the Judging School
which she had attended at the
Hotel Chamberlain at Old Point
Comfort III February
The days exhibit. which con-
sisted OF an arrangement or COM
position using bulbs with their
own foliage. was won by Mrs. r
+. Garland. with Mrs A. T Gray
second, and Mrs. r.. F. Withers
third