davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-04
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Adenouer Has Done Tremendous Job,
But the Tide of NeutroIism Is Running

ism) is still in high honor in
Germany. The luster of the
Western powers. including the
United States, has been
dimmed in the last few years.
While they talk about dealing
from strength in regard to the
major Communist strongholds
of the U. S. S. r. and Red
China, it is actually the Com
munists who have maintained
the political and military
initiative.
Britain and France are the
pacemakers of the policy OF
peace at any price. The United
States somewhat reluctantly
follows the leaders. The real
istic Germans who watch the
developments from a distance
realize more than the Ameri-
can people the decline OF the
West.
Germany is not deeply in
volved in the cold war. In the
last few years she has been
wooed by her Western and
Eastern conquerors. The West
told her: Join our coalition
and you shall have complete
freedom. The Kremlin told
her: Adopt a neutral attitude
and divided Germany will be
reunited.
Without appearing to do so.
Herr Adenauer played both
ends against the middle. He
put first things first. He ig-
nored Soviet offers and played
with the Western powers which
controlled his country with
military forces on its territory.
He pushed through a doubtful
Bundestag the Paris treaties
which provide German SOW
ereignty and also creation of
an army of 100000 men to be
joined to the NATO forces.
Thus the sovereignty of the
Federal Republic was accom-
plished. But the wishes of
the vast majority of his people
for indignation of the former
Reich remain unfulfilled.
Soviet Foreign Minister
Molotov pulled a diplomatic
joker in Austria. For 10 years
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-04
INoIANIINE bKOWN
Germany Part of U Free Again

the Western allies have tried
in vain to induce the u. S. S. r.
to sign a peace treaty with
Austria. Last month Mr.. Molo-
tov invited Chancellor Raab
to Moscow and in less than a
week everything was settled.
The price was cheap from the
Austrian point of view. It was
strict neutrality.
With the Austrian success
in thu bag. Mr.. Molotov turned
to the German people and told
them in effect: You want
unity with your brethren in
the East. We, not your present
allies, can give it to you as
quickly as we gave Austria
her freedom. The only price is
that you remain outside the
present EaSt-West conflict"
This theme which the Mus
covites have been playing since
March. 1852, has impressed not
only the Socialists and the in
dustrial and financial mag
mates in the Bonn republic but
also the German rank and file
who are not enthusiastic about
DOMINIC uniforms again. The
BundeStag has not yet enacted
the necessary laws providing
funds tsome SIS billion a year,
for military budget and for
the drafting of men for the
new armed forces.
Chancellor Adenauer, who
has his fingers on the pulse
of public opinion. is expected
to go to Moscow or Tin order
to save the face of the allies)
to meet Mr.. Molotov at a Big
Four conference to discuss the
reunion of German territories.
He knows that the neutralist
wind is as strong as it ever
was in Britain, France and
other Western European mem
bers of the NATO. He may be
unwilling as a matter of prin-
ciple to accept the Soviet
proposals that Germany stay
outside the shaky Western CO.
alition. But he can pass on the
hand if, for instance, he were
rebuked by a vote in the Bum
destag, where he has only a
f1imsy majority. Another chan
cellor. such as the Socialist
leader Erich Ollenauer, might
be able to complete the job Of
unifying Germany.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-04

The Federal German Repub-
lie this week becomes a free
nation, master of its own des-
tiny and, on paper, a member
of the great Western coalition
opposing further Communist
encroachments in Western Eu-
rope.
The 79-year-old Chancellor
Konrad Adenauer has handled
skillfully his country's desti-
MES.
He took over when West
Germany was still shambles
after the war. BY diligent
efforts, with the backing of his
people, he has made it into a
first-class power economically
and politically.
The Bonn republic is run
ming neck and neck with Great
Britain for the position of first
power in Western Europe and
is far ahead of any other ma
ton on the continent.
A number of qualified OBJ
servers of German affairs be-
lieve that with the restoration
of the republic as a European
power, the task of Herr AIDE
nauer has been completed and
his grateful people will con-
trive to give him a much-de-
served rest away from the daily
political turmoil. It is expected
that before the end of the
year the aged Chancellor will
retire. voluntarily or otherwise.
and become much-respected
elder statesman.
The wind of neutralisrn is
rising in the new sovereign re-
public. Unbiased observers feel
it has more realism than that
which has prevailed in Britain
and France in the last three
years. It is based on the belief
that Germany, more than the
other members of the Western
alliance, can coexist with the
Red bloc without being exposed
to the same extent to Com
munist infiltrations and dis
ruptions.
Students of German affairs
say that the Bismarckian
"realpolitik" (politics of real
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-04
u. S. Has Real Friend in Spain

under the cumbersome setup
Of a l9-nation group.
Americans can breathe cas-
Ter because Spain has opened
up big areas of land for air.
fields and has generously
bestowed military advantage
after advantage to make pos
sible a real defense operation,
ready for instant action. 1t
has cost Spain more than has
been received here, and this
is something that ought to
engage the earnest attention
of the Washington authorities.
Here economic aid, for exam
pie, is reckoned in terms Of
80 millionS-not billionS-and
the annual amount should
really be at least twice that
sum, because there is no ques-
ton that America got far
the better of the bargain in
the way the military agree
ments were set up. The Span
ish officials are much too
proud to make a point of it,
but many Americans feel the
United States could well af-
ford to pay fully for the many
tangible things that have been
given here. Thus, for instance.
the American military mission
occupies a lot of Office space
rent free. One wonders in
what other allied country any
such generous gesture has ever
been made by a government.
There is little talk of war
here, and the newspapers
lately have been publishing
dispatches from America and
elsewhere about the hopes be-
ing expressed that world war
three is more remote. But it is
a fortunate thing that no ef-
fort of a defense nature has
been relaxed in this enor-
nous base. It is precisely be-
cause the Communists know
what can be done by America
with airpower based in this
country that they may never
risk provocation to a major
war.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-04
Showdown Must Come Between the States
Bio Republicans: Nixon, KnowIond, Kniqht

surprised them. The Governor
recently regretted that he
could not attend a dinner for
the Vice President in Los An
geles because he was address,
ing the Transfers Union that
evening. Gov. Knight added
that he would be glad to see
Mr.. Nixon in Sacramento.
In contrast to the foregoing.
Gov. Knight avoids controversy
with another ambitious Cali
fornian, Senator Knowland. In
organization matters he has
usually sided with Knowland
supporters.
The Vice President staged a
seeming show of unity with a
luncheon for the Knight party
which was attended also by
both California Senators.
Knowland and Kuchel. The
same group were on hand for
a testimonial dinner for Sen
ator Knowland given that
night by the Oakland Chamber
of Commerce.
There appears to be no
doubt, however, that the Cali
fornia G. o. P. has potentiali-
ties for political fission Of high
explosive power should Pres
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-04
The Fact of American Bases in Iberia
Might Well ForestoiI World War III
DAVID LAWRENCE

MADRID. May Al all al
lies on this side Of the Iron
Curtain worked as cordially to-
gether and as understand
ingly and as enthusiastically as
Spain and the United States
do today. the chances Of pre-
venting a third world war
would be immeasurably i'm
proved.
For only after surveying the
wonderful strategic setup and
the plans for an even bigger
build-up in the future does one
realize that here in Spain a
relatively inconsequential in
vestment of funds by the
United States already has
brought results far in excess of
what the American people may
ever get out of the other
countries into which billions of
Marshall Plan aid were poured
in the last several years.
To understand the strategic
value of American bases in
Spain it is necessary to take
into account two possibilities.
One is that, due to internal
political pressure, some day
neither Britain nor France
will-unless there is a direct
attack on their cities-perinit
American airmen to retaliate
with atom bombs flown from
bases on their soil even though
some American city may have
already been destroyed by
bombs. The other is that
American airplanes starting
from Spanish bases can carry
on strategic air missions into
the heartland of the enemy
areas and refuel or come to
rest at points in the Eastern
Mediterranean and the Mid
die East.
But what is also important
Is that Spain Is to our bases
in England what Texas is to
our forward units in Montana
and the Canadian defense line.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-04

Red-faced admirals today
conceded they misled Navy Sec
rotary Thomas regarding infor-
nation on which he based his
emphatic denial of a Hoover
Commission report regarding
hundreds of thousands of pounds
of canned hamburger.
There was a discrepancy of
$4,000 pounds of the canned
meat.
Mr.. Thomas told a news con-
ference on April 26 after being
questioned about the Hoover
Commission charges:
THE facts are, l think the
committee said that we had on
hand last August 1876, 900 pounds
(of canned hamburger and that
our monthly issues were 1888
pounds a month So we had a
Cougar supply on hand. Ac-
tually the facts are we had in
August $4,000, some $4,000
less
The Navy spokesman said to-
day that the Bureau of Supplies
and Accounts had made a three
instead of an eight in the second
digit of the figure, thus mislead-
ing the secretary.
The full explanation will be
given tomorrow when Mr..
Thomas and possibly former
President Herbert Hoover will
appear at Capitol Hill.
The House Government Oper-
atoms Committee has scheduled
a hearing on the charges, denials
and counter charges. The COM
mission has said the Navy has a
60-year supply of canned ham
burgers on hand. There's also
in Navy warehouses enough
canned beef and gravy to last
almost seven years plus enough
canned ham for the next six
years, the commission has
charged.
However, the Navy isn't the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-04
Mrs. Bigio Backed
For Board Post

Mrs. Samuel Bigio was in-
dorsed by the Brightwood Citi.
zens' Association last right as
a candidate for appointment as
a member of the District Eoard
of Education.
She is vice president of the
Shepard Park Citizens Assoc
iation and lives at 1886 Seven
tenth street NV.
The association went on record
urging an increase in the num-
Der of policemen in the sixth
precinct, Brightwood area. The
need for patroling alleys and
preventing lettering was stressed
by members.
The election of officers was
postponed until the October
meeting. In the interim menu
bers were urged to select eau
didate for the Office of president
to succeed Mrs. Mary Jane
Jester who presided for the last
time at the meeting last night
in the Paul Junior High School.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-04

The Justice Department has
announced plans to file a COM
plant within the next few days
challenging certain advertising
practices in the publishing bust
ness under the antitrust laws.
Assistant Attorney General
Stanley N. Barnes, who heads the
departments antitrust division.
said yesterday in testimony be-
fore a Senate judiciary subcom-
mittee that the complaint has
been drawn up and will be filed
in New York. He said it names
the American Association Of ADJ
vertising Agencies. the American
Newspaper Publishers Associa-
tons and four other newspaper
and magazine publishers associa-
tons which he did not name.
Brownell Talk Cited
While Mr.. Barnes indicated
that the suit definitely would be
filed. Attorney General Brown
ell. in a Chamber of Commerce
speech, said his department is
ready to resume conversations
with publishers and that the fl
ing of the suit would follow if
the conversations were "unpro-
ductive."
The complaint will involve
alleged fixing of rates of COM
missions paid agencies on ad-
vertising.
Mr.. Barnes declared in his
Senate testimony that public
statements by counsel for ANPA
and AAAA after announcement
of the proposed suit by Mr..
Brownell last week made a ne
gotiated settlement impossible.
public statements by counsel
for the four AS as well as the
ANPA have challenged our pro-
posed complaint, while admit
ting its principal allegations. and
have urged their clients to shun
consent settlements and proceed
to trial." Mr.. Barnes said.
These statements by counsel,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-04
DORIS FLEESON

A busy Governor at the cur
rent White House conference
of Governors is the Hon.
Goodwin J. Knight of Cali
fornia. The latch string is al
ways out at the hotel suite
where Gov. Knight and his
handsome new wife are receiv-
ing a wide variety of custom
ers, including influential la
Dor leaders.
The labor callers knew, of
course, that Gov. Knight en-
joyed American Federation of
Labor support at home. They
still did not expect such cor
diality from an important
Republican Governor. Mrs.
Knight, too. was f1atteringly
familiar with their names and
connections.
Their cup really ran over
when the Governor made it
clear how very greatly he
differs from his fellow Cali
fornian, Vice President Nixon.
who is a pet hate of the unions.
The Governor explained that
one California newspaper now
refers to the State Capitol as
Gompers Hall.
This, too. should not have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-04

Here in a sunny climate, where
all-year-round operations are
possible. the big supply and
support depots Of the future
will be available to the Amer
lean air forces operating
throughout Europe.
But. In addition to the ire
mendous value of Spain to
the United States Air Force
and the Strategic Air Com
mand, there is another advan-
tage. which the ports on the
long Spanish coast lines at
the western end Of the Medi-
terranean give to the United
States Navy. whose aircraft
carriers must refuel and take
on supplies at convenient To-
cations. The opportunity pre-
sents itself for joint tactical
operations in the Mediterra-
mean, with the United States
Air Force and the Navy work.
ing in cooperation.
AS American military mis-
sions become firmly established
here-and they have moved in
quietly and efficiently-there
is a sense of real security
achieved for the American
people. The planning began
when the late Admiral Forrest
Sherman, under the Truman
administration, came here to
lay the groundwork for what
has since become perhaps the
most. successful piece of two
nation cooperation on a mill
tary level that the modern
world has seen.
Spain, of course, is not a
member of the North Allan
tic Treaty Organization, and
som etimes one wonders
whether fate has not, after all,
decided for us that under a
two-nation partnership there
would be less red tape and less
opportunity for the injection
Of what are sometimes. frus-
trating problems of a political
nature than might be the case
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-04
Justice Unit to Go Ahead
With Ad Anti rust Suit

it seems clear to me, make pre-
fling negotiation impossible"
Move for Change
Mr.. Barnes referred particu-
larry to statements made at the
sixty-ninth convention of the
ANPA in New York last week.
The association said the Gov
eminent is trying to make it
"the guinea pig" in an attempt
to change the antitrust laws
through the courts rather than
through Congress.
Elisha Hanson, ANPA general
counsel, told the publishers of
the proposed suit challenging
advertising practices and said:
1.-THE ultimate result. if the
Government prevails in this
proceeding. will be as effective a
control over the operations of
the press in this country as
has been achieved elsewhere
throughout the world in those
unfortunate countries whose
people in the last decades have
been stripped of every vestige
of individual liberty"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-04
japan Businessmen
Sian Red Trade Pact

TOKYO, May 4 tR.-Japanese
businessmen and Red China Of
ficials signed a private trade
agreement today calling for $S4
million in trade each way next
year.
A similar agreement was
signed between bodies in Peiping
last year, but trade did not even
approach The agreed figure.
The new pact goes into effect
today.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-04
DOROTHY THOMPSON
1t Is the Strong and Disciplined Among Us
Who Save the Masses From the Masses

The Ford Foundation has
made a study of current atti-
tudes 'of Americans toward
civil liberties and come up with
data that is bound to provoke
wide comment.
The 500 trained interview
ers of 5000 American citizens
were considerably more thor
ough than "pollsters" usually
are. They conducted their in
terviews as extended converse
tions.
1t was a real probing job,
one question leading to another
and subtly back again.
The poll sampled community
leaders and the so-called man
in the street, and came up with
a report that has been called
promising" and surprising"
The outstanding fact that it
reveals is that civic leaders,
including those of business
groups. are considerably more
tolerant of nonconformists
than are the masses Of the peo-
Pile. and that the American
form of government is a much
stronger bulwark of the peo-
pies liberties than they are.
themselves.
Since most people are more
impressed by statistics than by
historical experience. the sur
vey will clinch an argument
that runs against the popular
myth. But the outcome of the
study could have been pre-
dicted by any student Of pop
ular behavior.
Goethe inquired who would
protect the masses from the
masses. Both ancient and
modern history show that lib
erty is most ardently protected
by the strong. and that every
dictator has risen to power on
the shoulders of the masses
the aggregate Of the average.
In earlier days 1t was the
mobiles who checked the power
of popular kings, and, in our
days, only the elite of brains
and virtue have gone to the
gallows in defiance Of popular
tyrants.
Such observations are bound
to evoke the charge of being
"undemocratic." But the
charge cannot erase the fact
observed over 1000 years ago
by Aristotle) that unchecked,
plebiscitory democracy has all
too often been the seeded
Of tyranny. ,. y.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-04

It is the unsingular man
who respects singularity.
People become leaders be-
cause they are not average"
To the extent that they are
not average, they are non-
Observation-Disclosures officially
categorized as liberal" or
conservative"
During the Mccarthy hys-
terra it was the common man
who was most inclined to dis
Germ a Communist in every
woodpile, while uncommon
men took a closer and more
discriminating look. And it
was not the social reformers
appealing to the masses who
quenched the hysteria but
strict, conservative constitu-
tionalists like Senators Wat
kins and Mcclellan.
The Constitution and the
courts are the bulwark of
American liberties.
Tolerance" says Samuel
Lubell, reviewing the report
in the New York Herald
Tribune, "emerges as less the
product of any innate human
goodness than of the conscious
disciplines and responsibilities
developed by civilized society,""
OF course. That has always
been true. Who thought up
this idea of innate human
goodness?
The average man is con-
formist. The problem of rev.
olution is the problem of
changing his conformitieS.
But in any society, especially
perhaps in a free democratic
one, a considerable degree of
conformisn1 is necessary, If
society is not first to drift
into anarchy and then escape
from 1t into tyranny.
The problem of leadership
is to check what wants check
ing and supply what wants
supplying.
If, as this report shows, the
public is more alarmed about
communism than their leaders
are, the public is not wrong;
they may, instinctively, be
more right than the leaders.
They are wrong only in lack
ing discrimination, in Jumping
all radicals together: in fail
ing to assess coolly the balance
Of forces; and in being more
disposed to extreme and du-
bious methods.
BY and large, Americans are
saved from historical polit-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-04
Common Men Lack Tolerance

ical extremes by the largeness
and diversity of their country,
their confidence in its insti-
tutions, their primary concern
for their own everyday affairs,
and a sense of humor that is,
I believe, more strongly de-
veloped here than in most
other peoples.
Bigotry and laughter are
unreconcilable,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-04
POTOMAC FEVER
FLETCHER KNEBEL

Gov. Hartman vetoes bill to name New YorkS
express highway Thomas E. Dewey Truway Hartman
would rather point the road toward the White Houseand call
it "Harriman's Thataway."
What this country needs is good hve-cent anything.
When boil it all down. the biggest benefit in having
the Republicans the Government is the fact that the
Democrats aren't
Admiral Radford we're better prepared than at
period in 40 In fact weapons
powerful today, you might we're prepared for eternity
Democrats the spot they attack Ike. he may run
again spite them they don't attack him, he get
bored-and again to break the monotony
Marshall says he refused offer of 81 million to
Usually things worth million dollars
that happen fellow the kind that don't happen until
after he gets the million.
"
say there safety in numbers For voter
their record this year. there 10 who don't
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-05-04
IN NOT SO FAST
IN TRAFFIC, SAYS
PEDESTRIAN~97

DETROIT (R.-Ralph
Bennallack testified in Traf-
fic Court that a policeman
gave him a pedestrian traf-
fic ticket last month while
he was walking against a
red light.
But the charge was dis
missed this week after Mr..
Bennallack explained:
Il started across on the
green light all right. but for
some reason I'm just not as
fast as I used to be-"
Mr.. Bennallack is 81.
The Detroit tribune., 1955-06-11
Mother Guilty
in Son. S Death

Pleading guilty TO murder
of four-year-old boy were
his mother and his II year old
half sister in Recorders Court
Monday
A warrant charging another
sister (l5 years old with con
tributlng to The death of Erick
Carter. 4. was sought by the
prosecutors office this week.
Mrs. Lila Carter. "a, OF 29O5
Fourth, her daughter, Matte
Bell. IL, and the lo-year-o OLD
sister are accused Of whipping
the four-year-old repeatedly
resulting in blood poisoning
which caused his death May
28th.
Police learned that the
mother and Older daughter
stuffed the boys dead body IN
a bag, and placed 1t in a sewer
al Leland and Beaubien. Rub
Der hose. broomsticks and
straps, according to police
were used in whipping the
boy.
Excuse of the severe beat
ingS administered the boy, ms
mother allegedly stated, were;
"He was bad and wouldn't
mind" Matte Bell also IS
charged with having partici.
pated in several beatings OF
the boy