davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-24
Few Voters Will Shift Parties,
But British Election WiIIBe Fun

thing. the Tories are better
of, since they have the in
itiative. They are the ones
who called the election, being
the party in power.
Many Englishmen think Sir
Anthony Eden may already
have won the election by 60
ing to the voters instead of
holding onto the glittering
Downing Street prize which
only now, after so long, has
fallen into his grasp.
The party in power not only
additionally sets the time of
the election, but also selects
the issues on which the cam
Spaign is fought. Sir Anthony
will reveal. when he makes his
first major election speech,
which aspect of public affairs
he has decided on as the para
mount issue. Almost certainly,
the issue will be foreign af-
fairs.
This, of course, is a case
OF putting ones best foot for
ward. There is no one in
the Labor ranks-now that
Ernest Bevin is dead-Who
can challenge Sir Anthony on
even terms.
Twin Pitfalls
But the new Prime Minister
will have to avoid two danger
Gus pitfalls in order to win a
victory in May. First. he must
not let the notion get abroad
that he is a puppet for Sir
Winston Churchill. Not that
the old leader isn't loved; he
is. But the British voters de-
mand that he who wants to
wear the mantle of authority
must also shoulder the respon-
sibility. The second danger for
Mr.. Eden is allowing the voter
to infer that he is a diplomatic
captive of the United States.
The whole LABOR Party
would like to convince the
public that Sir Anthony is a.
the slave of John Foster
Dulles and (2) the puppet of
Winston Churchill. Some OBJ
servers, sympathetic to the
Eden cause. believe that as far
as Sir Winston is concerned,
his greatest contribution to a
Tory victory would be in re-
naming in Sicily, putting on
his oversize cigar and painting
seascapes.
Englishmen are inveterate
horseplayers. and like to han
dicap all contests in horse
race terms. AS a typical Briton,
this writer would book Eden
as the one to beat, offerins
SIS: Labors Clement Attlee as
a 81 shot. with the Liberals
trailing at 30-1 and the Com
munists completely out Of the
money.
In addition. one odds-on
proposition can be offered: It
win rain on election day.
It always does.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-24
REVIEW OF THE WEEK:
Red Subversion Hit
By CeyIon Premier

keynoted the anti Communist
attack. He hit colonialism and
Zionism. But he saved the
big guns for communism: TO-
day the Communist world has
subject races in Asia and East
ern Europe on a much larger
scale than any old colonial
power" Turkey, Pakistan. the
Philippines. Iran and Thai
land all spoke in a similar
vein.
CeyIonese BIost
But it was Sir John who
stung Chou En-lai hardest:
rs not his (Chou En-lai's)
talk of peace strangely COM
bined with the activities of
local Communist Parties
throughout the Afro-Asian
region and with the fact that
the Cominform-the interna-
tional symbol of subversion-
continues to flourish and be
active in this area?" Sir John
asked. I'm the light of such
tactics, how is it possible for
nom Communist countries to
regard coexistence as a posi-
bility, still less reality? -.
I cannot for the life of me
understand why we should be
expected only to let live, while
we ignore the threats to our
own life and institutions"
AS the conference went into
its last day today, there was
no indication of how much
unanimity the nations would
be able to salvage. The anti
colonial issue, which was the
only big point on which agree
ment had been expected,
seemed doomed. Chou would
not accept implied criticism of
communism as colonialist;
Ceylon, Iraq, Turkey and COM
pany would not agree to con-
denim only Western colonialism.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-24

concentrated Tv campaign for
Is weeks In November, De-
cember and January. You
propose to a network that you
will sponsor one of its idle
panel shows.
You don't want the entire
network. however. since you
can't sell anti-freeze In Los An
leges and Dallas and Miami.
And, since you are laying out
the cash for this enterprise,
you want the panel seated be-
fore a large picture of a warm.
contented automobile, reclining
in a snowdrift beside a clearly
labeled hogshead of Grandpa's
Sour Mash Antifreeze.
Unless it is sold out and can
sneer at you, the network will
accede to your wishes. II it
doesn't. you will take your
business across the street to
some other store.
The Trouble Begins
So your program goes on the
air and then the trouble be-
gins. This is an extremely pop
ular panel show and the view
ers in Miami Tor Dallas or Los
Angeles) complain. They want
to see it, too. They take the
complaint to the station owner
and he takes his to the net
work.
The network, being char
table. says the station can
have the program any time 1t
wants to pay the line charges.
The station doesn't, and this
winds up as another case Of In
complete teleyision service.
At the same time, everybody
Is within his rights. You. the
advertiser, certainly can't be
compelled to advertise your
product in an area where you
can't sell it. The network
can't be expected to pay the
line charges to get your pro-
gram to a city where you're
not interested in having it
telecast. The station operator,
since he is not running a char
liable institution. buys a syn
dicated film series. sells 1t to a
local sponsor.
And the viewers complain.
We may yet wind UP here
with parliamentary debate
on the ACCESSIBILITY Of spon-
sored television.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-24
CONGRESS
Postal Pay Increase,
Foreign Aid Plans
Get Hill Attention

Government postal workers.
backed by what is considered
about the most effective lobby
on Capitol Hill, won a House
move last week to defy the
President and authorize an 80
per cent pay increase.
President Eisenhower had
recommended S per cent. Ten
looked better to the postmen.
The President tried to COM
promise with about 7.6 per
cent. The Senate voted 10.
Last week, on the second
try, the House voted on a pay
raise. 1t chose 80 per cent,
despite the fact that presiden-
tial spokesman threatened a
veto of any bill with such a
high figure.
On the crucial vote, a choice
between TO and 80 per cent
the greater raise was support
ed by most Democrats. the
lesser by most Republicans.
The Democrats won. 224 to
1879.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-24

peerless Munich or a Dodger-
less Brooklyn. An election is
the Briton's bread and cir
cuSeS.
The BuiIdup
The election campaign has
not ofhcially begun. Party ac-
Invites are now being chan
neled along organizational
lines The Labor and Tory
leaders are trying to advise
constituencies which have not
yet adopted candidates. On
national scale. they are ed
iting the party manifestoes
which will be circulated by
the millions. and they are lay
ing out the stumping itin-
eraries of their leading ora
tors.
The Conservatives Lord
Woolton and Labor's Morgan
Phillips respectively the
Leonard Hall and Paul Butler
or British politics-had a few
days until the great daily
newspapers resumed publica-
ton last week after longish
and vexing strike. Until the
back to- work movement in
Fleet Street, the only parties
with a voice were the I'm
important Liberals with the
Manchester Guardian; and the
practically invisible Commu-
nists with the Daily Worker
Now. however. the British press
will play it's traditional role.
Tradition is probably as i'm
portant in Fleet Street as any,
where else. It wouldn't be an
election without the Daily Mail
viewing socialism with alarm
or the Daily Herald warning
the public about possible last
minute Tory tricks. There is
room for question whether the
British press actually molds
public opinion. The news
papers take strong positions.
certainly. but most people
especially near election-read
the papers of their own politi-
cal persuasion. Such people,
{ Of course, need no convincing.
Whittier Liberals?
One Of the most moving
arguments against the idea
that the press molds opinion is
that two of the best British
newspapers--the News Chron-
icale Of London and the
Guardian OF Manchester
espouse the Liberal cause. And
the Liberals are going the way
of the dodo. In 1850, there
were six Liberals in the House
Of Commons; in 1851, only
three,
Faced with the fact that
almost 80 per cent Of the elab-
crate already has passed be-
yond the grasp Of persuasion,
the task Of the party organ
izers-even with the daily
papers publishing again---is
enormously difficult. II any
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-24
BANDUNG
New ColoniuIism
Gets Worked Over
By Asion Powers

Chou's partial backdown on
the Formosa issue climaxed a
week of unexpected successes
for the West in the Far Eastern
cold war.
Washington and most other
"white-race" capitals had been
inclined to batten down the
matches and prepare for a
week of bitter invective aimed
at Western colonialism.
Chou En-lai was expected to
score heavily for the Com
munist peaceful coexistence
line, and midas Jawaharlal
Nehru was widely believed to
have lined up formidable
array of nations to follow his
neutralistic policy.
But it didn't work out that
way. Spearheaded by Ceylon's
Sir John Kotelawala. anti
Communist nations attacked
Chou's protestations of peace
full intent and opposition to
colonialism as phony. Sir John.
in effect, accused Prime Min
lister Nehru of hypocrisy for
permitting Chou to hide his
real intentions behind the
pious but vague "Pancha
Shila"-five points for peace
worked out in New Delhi last
summer.
At that time Chou and
Nehru announced they were
for: Cd Mutual respect for
one another's territorial in
tegrity"; 90 "nonaggres-
SION; 90 "noninterference in
one another's internal af-
fairs; a. equality and mu-
tual benefit" and 60 peace
full coexistence."
Chou has been making prop
uganda capital of this peace
full line ever since. He went
to Banding singing the same
song.
Iraq's DR.. Fadhill al-Jamali.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-24
Stations, Advertisers Deadlock
Over Who Will See TVShows

founded in 1926 as a subsidiary
of the Radio Corporation of
America. (There was anoth-
er network, or q threat Of one,
being pushed that year by
American Telephone & Tele-
graph. but only as a weapon
to wave at RCA and there is
no point in DEPRESSING up that
cul-de-sac.)
The point is that RCA was
in the business Of manufac-
turing radio sets. Since the
only thing radio set is good
for to this day is to pick a
radio broadcast out Of the air,
something had to be in the air
before people would buy radio
sets. RCA got General Elec-
trio and Westinghouse, which
had the same motive, to take
80 per cent and 20 per cent of
the stock, respectively, and
NBC was born.
The idea simply was to pro-
vide programs performed by
stars whose salaries were too
high for any single station to
pay. The stations paid for the
service and the network didn't
care how they got their money
back, by public subscription
spot announcements for local
advertisers, or by bingo games.
National Angle
Then the national sponsors
came along and the Nation
wide programs came into be-
ing. The advertisers, since
they were spending the money,
insisted on exercising more
and more control. The net
works, taking in the money,
relinquished the control. 1t
might have served them right
if they had been declared COM
mon carriers, in the business
of transporting freight tpro-
grams) from the manufacturer
advertising agency to the
retailer (local radio station)
for distribution to the Gus
toners (liSteners),
In television, happily, the
networks have retained a great
deal more program control
than they did in the case of
radio. But man spending
his money still has a great deal
to say about how it shall be
spent, which includes an ad-
vertiser spending money for a
TV show. 1t is no condemna-
ton of the system itself to
say that this is right at the
heart OF television's trouble
today.
Suppose, for instance, you
are the advertising manager
of a firm which manufactures
Grandpa's Sour Mash Anti
freeze. You decide to have a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-24

Peters Case Attacks
Secret Informers in
Federal Hearings

Persons who have been fired
from the Government after a
loyalty hearing maintain that
their loss of reputation and
future earning power is, in its
effect. a punishment. This
punishment. they say. cannot
be inflicted legally without
due process of law" specifi-
cally, without being confront
ed with the witnesses against
him. as the Constitution speci-
flies.
In 1851 the Supreme Court
split, 4 to 4, on the question
whether Miss Dorothy Bailey,
who claimed she had been
fired without due process Of
law. had been discharged le-
gally.
Last week, a similar case
was argued before the SUI
preme Court. This time both
the Government and the dis
charged worker, DR.. John
Peters, who had been dismissed
in 1858 on reports he had been
a Communist, asked the court
to settle once and for all the
question: Does the Govern
ment have to produce its wit
nesses during a loyalty hear
ing?
1t was agreed that DR..
Peters was not permitted to
confront his accusers; that, in
fact, even the Supreme Court
could not find out who the
witnesses were. But the Gov
eminent insisted it had to keep
the identity of many wit
neSses secret or it would lo6e
informerS planted in Commu-
mist organizations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-24

They would be the logical per-
sons to break the bad news to
him that the United States did
not want the offshore islands
defended. Good news could
have been carried by anyone.
Again reporters asked Sem
ator George for the inside
story. He said he was sure the
two messengers were not sent
to prepare the way for APP
basement.
The conciliatory talk from
Chou En-lai on Saturday
seemed to make a change in
American policy unnecessary.
however. The best bet seemed
to be to hold still until it
could be ascertained what
Chou had in mind.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-24
BY LOUIS X. MATHER

All, to be in England now
that April's here-especially
when a parliamentary election
is Just around the corner.
Soon every village green.
market square and schoolroom
will be filled by the contending
few and the listening many.
After the early evening ha-
rangues are over, the voters
will retire to the pubs to take
over the debate.
Partisans will produce sta
tistics-some of them anthem
tic-and will raise their voices
in support of what they re-
gard as right and proper. Old
feuds will be temporarily re-
newed. Unfortunately, an oc-
casional blow will be struck.
This prediction scene is
practicable because it is so old.
Alexander Pope (1688-1744
remarked that party politics
is "the madness of the many
for the gain of a new"
Election time is the time
when Englishmen drop a little
of their storied reserve. But
the antics attendant on a gen.
eral election can be deceiving
A casual visitor might easily
develop the notion that the
unusually argumentative voters
are earnestly trying to make
up their minds how to vote
on May 26.
The Grand Come
This is illusion. The swirl
Of pamphlets, the floods of
oratory, the earnest button
holing are part of game.
The simple fact is that almost
everybody already knows how
he is going to vote on Election
Day. An Englishman is Labor,
or an Englishman is Con-
sentative land an occasional
Englishman is LIBERAL, and
he switches allegiance from
party to party no more read
lily than he G. ,nges his sup
port from C.. football team
to another.
There is touching con-
stancy in the average Briton's
attitude toward his party. If
the Island Race were as faith
full to its marriage vows as to
its youthful choice of politi-
cal affiliation. the divorce
judges would starve.
If most Of the voters have
made up their minds. and
most Of the politicians know
1t, why then the tumult and
the shouting? There are two
parts to the answer.
First, there ale a few voters
who do change their minds
and the politicos try to get
through to them because in
q certain sense, these are the
real rulers Of Britain. Second.
election time is traditionally
. show and in Britain a quiet
election is as unthinkable as q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-24
BY HARRY MACARTHUR

Sylvester L. Weaver, jr., the
imaginative and colorful presi-
dent of the National Broad
casting Co.. revealed recently
that he had discovered q fine
way,to make executives of his
affiliated stations vince. He
Just tells them that he thinks
the good old days, when the
stations paid the networks for
shows. were a vast improve
ment on the present day. when
the network pays the station
to broadcast the shows.
Mr.. Weaver, who is known
as Pat to everyone in broad
casting with the possible ex-
ception Of NBC page boys. says
this with a certain levity. There
is an underlying seriousness,
though, and he undoubtedly is
aware that this Is the nub Of
the networks troubles.
Problems Poised
For the networks are in trou-
BILE. How serious 1t is remains
to be seen. They at least face
an investigation by Senator
Magnuson's Committee on In
terState Commerce. The Fed
eral Communications Commits
sion, too has allowed as how it
ought to have some funds to
investigate the networks.
Any investigation in broad
casting will concern itself with
some complicated problems. In
volved will be such things as
very high frequency. ultra high
frequency, intermixture, de-
intermixture, afiliated sta
tons, owned and operated sta
tons, etc.
What 1t boils down to is that
q competitive Nationwide tele-
vision service hasn't developed
as quickly as some think It
should have done. Outlying
areas are being neglected. Also.
there are some people who
have gone into television, gone
broke for one reason or an
other and complained to their
duly elected representatives in
the Congress.
The networks may be found
to have their faults, but one
certain thing is that they
didn't plan it this way. The
union Of advertising and
broadcasting in this country
i. is a sort Of common law VEN
ture; 1t was never announced
by the posting Of the bans.
The entry of commerce into
American radio was not pre-
ceded by congressional debate
comparable to the recent
Parliament sessions in Great
Britain on the matter of spon-
sored television.
The first network, NBC, was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-24
Foreign Aid

When the first large-scale
foreign aid program, the Mar
shall plan, was launched in
1913 the lions share went to
Europe where the immediate
threat from com mu n / S m
doomed the largest.
Last week. the President
recommended an aid program
which reflected the subsequent
sharp change in direction Of
the Communist threat. The
new program would send two
thirds of the aid to Asia. And
to underscore the new concern
over the Far East. the aid pro-
gram was announced during
the Asia-Africa conference at
Banding, Indonesia.
President Eisenhower wants
Congress to appropriate about
$3.5 billion for the fiscal year
starting July /. He did not
specify in his message to Con-
gress how the money should
be divided country-by-coun-
try, but he did make these rec
concentrations, in round num-
berS:
SIT billion for military aid.
81 billion for defense sup
port" - aid, mostly economic,
to help other countries build
their defenseS.
$0.7 billion in economic aid.
A complete breakdown on
the proposal will not be made
public until an administration
bill is introduced in Congress
probably this week.
Meanwhile mutterings of
discomfort were heard from
the Hill. There was talk in
both houses of cuts, particu-
larly in economic aid. Senator
Harry F. Byrd, Democrat. of
Virginia said $1.8 billion
carTy-over fund of economic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-24
WET NAM
Militant Sect
Perils Premier's
Hold on Country

The internal crisis in Wet
Nam last week developed into
a small, sporadic civil war. Ma
tional army forces skirmished
in the capital city of Saigon
with troops belonging to the
Blnh Xuyen sect "a strongly
armed group which has worked
it's way up from river piracy to
vice and gambling leadership
and now wants to run the
country.
There was a serious question
whether Premier Ngo Dinh
Diem was strong and popular
enough to resist the Binh
Xuyen either in political ma
neuvering or open warfare.
Diem himself decided last
week to poll his nation on
the popularity of his program.
French supporters of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1955-04-24

The bill then passed, 324 to
IS.
The outlook last week was
for q final bill somewhere be-
tween the House and Senate
figure. The next move would
be up to Mr.. Eisenhower.
Evening star., 1955-05-01

INDIVIDUAL HOME
On Y acre with trees and lovely
planttngs. rear surrounded by white
board fence; lge. .liv. rm. with firepl.,
din. area; 3 bedrms., screened din
porch. laundry rn., attached Rarage,
Denghttul area Of charming homes;
HITCH McDTAPMTO
Evening star., 1955-05-01
POMPONIO

i OW1l OIVlO
"v1RGINIA's REALTY LEADERS"
@222 Wilson Blvd. ia. 7-6660 Til 10
No. ARL.-LYON PARK
Masonry. 5 rooms and b., 1st floor
2 b.r. and b.. 2nd floor: center hall;
full bsnit.. rec. room; storm win,
masonry garage: handicapped; near
buslines, shops and schools; furn OF
unfurnished; under 100000. ia
T-0927. 727 N. Danville st. II
Evening star., 1955-05-01
HOUSES FoR SALIVA.
CHARM-DIGNITY
HISTORIC OLD HOME

In Vienna. solidiy built for wonder
fully gracious living and entertain
ing, Set under towering hemlocks
on two and four-tenths acres. land
ta.i seapea .9s efEr9End q. IN s Ssasns' 5.n lss
buffers pantry. maids rm. and
bath. equip. kit; bedTms.. ~
baths: dreplaees down and up; sew
tng rm-. heated detached 2-car "a
rage: ehiidren's swimming pool;
dne neighborhood nr. schools, stores,
etc. &45 fl(l(l
Evening star., 1955-05-01
OK k,--(j ON
ALL COUNTS!

Stroll through this new brick rambler
and enjoy yourself whtis you
lineer In each spacious room.
Stop In the living room and admire
the view. mentally place your
and each Of the 3 twin sized bedrms.
with 2 colorful tile baths, then see
the extra-sized kitchen with every
appliance. From there go down and see
what the basement offers:
Roomy garage. huge recreation area
with picture window and garden en-
trance. Price! S21,950. WHY
SETTLE FOR LESS? Gail
nnTNNo
Evening star., 1955-05-01
HOUSES eoR SALIVA.
Woodley North

The finest buy Of the day Is this
not-nev split;ieVel. featuring 3 bed
q nice lot close 70 shops, school and
transp. offered for S17. 500 10 .
aualified Vet with 10ss down.
PLANTATION REALTY
JE. k-2744 JE 2-2777
Evening star., 1955-05-01
"BIGGER"
THAN BIG

6-yr. .-old brick Cane Cod on
a quiet. dead-end street In Q popu-
lar area Of individual and expen-
sys % hoMss yins GsnSsr,ns Gent 1th ssTaaee snspaee
separate l3-ft. dining room. large
equipped Kitchen with breakfast
space, 4 monstrous bedrooms, Q tiled
baths, full basement, garage. Cen
erously priced at S2s, 300, with ex'
cellent terms available.
Arthur l.. Walters, Inc.
2419 Wilson Blvd. TIL q. ia. 7-520C
Evening star., 1955-08-28

The hots, avocado peel fur felt
with sliced brim, 1925; q double
twist of ovoeodo peel soleil $500
WGt-MiIlinsry, End Floor
The handbags, avocado peel
Golf in new shapes to bolonce
the silhouette, each 1925
The gloves, tasteful additions in
avocado peel, 4-button nylon.
8-button cotton, either pair, 500
The costume jeweIY, Monet's
aoId-color bracelet, 1900
drcp-eorrines, 1000
WGL-Aecessories ist Floor
The shoes, ovocodo peel Golf
by DeLiso Debs, both heels
in the height of fashion.
Either style, 1926
WGL-The Shoe Center, End Floor
Pleoss add 1925 FederoI tax to hondboo
and costume iewelry prices.
Evening star., 1955-08-28

We like foII SIS deep polished green inspired
by glossy, uncut ovocodos. Here for you is fresh
approach to the monochromotie way of dressing.
From head to heels, look exquisitey enserbled,
hiqhlqhted os we see it with the CLINT of
queen-size eold-colored iewely.
Pictured: New peeled down lines new tweed and
sotn ensemble oIonce the eoot, ovocodo peel
wool tweed, the dress and eoot lining oeetote sotin
Sizes 1915, 6o95
WGL-Mhsss' Dresses, Ord Floor
Herbert Sondheinn's wool jersey fine drown lines
dependent upon big pockets and color for their mpoet
Sizes 1918, 1895
W6t-chondeisr Room 3d Floor